,,! ,,analysis ,,( ,,beauty4 ,writt5 ) a view ( fix+ ! fluctuat+ ,,ideas ( ,,ta/e4 ,,by ,,william ,,hog>?4 ,s v>y'd he1 & ( 8 tortu\s tra9 ,curl'd _m a wanton wrea?1 9 sight ( ,eve1 ,to lure h] eye4----,milton4 ,illu/ration3 ,v>iety ,,london3 ,pr9t$ by ,j4 ,,reeves = ! ,,au?or1 ,& ,sold by him at 8 ,h\se 9 ,,leice/]-,,fields4 ,,mdccliii4 ,,preface4 ,if a preface 0 ev] necess>y1 x may v likely be ?\ght s to ! foll[+ "w2 ! title ( :i* 79 ! proposals publi%'d "s "t s9ce7 ha? mu* amus$1 & rais$ ! expectation ( ! curi\s1 ?\gh n )\t a mixture ( d\bt1 t its purport c\ld ev] be satisfactorily answ]$4 ,= ?\gh beauty is se5 & confess$ by all1 yet1 f ! _m fruitless attempts to acc\nt = ! cause ( its be+ s1 enquiries on ?is head h almo/ be5 giv5 up2 & ! subject g5]ally ?\ght to be a matt] ( too high & too delicate a nature to admit ( any true or intelligible discussion4 ,some?+ !re=e introductory ought to be said at ! pres5t+ a "w ) a face s entirely new2 especially z x w naturally enc\nt] )1 & p]haps may ov]?r[1 sev]al long receiv$ & ?or\gh e/abli%'d op9ions3 & s9ce controv]sies may arise h[ f>1 & aft] :at mann] ?is subject ha? hi!rto be5 consid]'d & treat$1 x w also be prop] to lay be=e ! read]1 :at may be ga!r$ conc]n+ x1 f ! works ( ! anci5t & mod]n writ]s & pa9t]s4 ,x is no wond] ?is subject %\ld h s long be5 ?\ght inexplicable1 s9ce ! nature ( _m p>ts ( x _c possibly come )9 ! rea* ( m]e m5 ( lett]s2 o!rwise ^? +5i\s g5tlem5 :o h lately publi%$ treatises ^u x 7& :o h writt5 mu* m le>n$ly ?an c be expect$ f "o :o nev] took up ! p5 be=e7 w\ld n s soon h be5 bewild]'d 9 _! acc\nts ( x1 & oblig$ s sudd5ly to turn into ! broad1 & m beat5 pa? ( moral beauty2 9 ord] to extricate !mselves out ( ! difficulties !y seem to h met ) 9 ?is3 & )al =c$ = ! same reasons to amuse _! read]s ) amaz+ 7b (t5 misappli$7 encomiums on deceas$ pa9t]s & _! p]=mances2 :]e9 !y are cont9ually disc\rs+ ( effects in/ead ( develop+ causes2 & aft] _m prett9esses1 9 v pleas+ language1 d fairly set y d[n j :]e !y fir/ took y up2 hone/ly confess+ t z to ,,grace1 ! ma9 po9t 9 "q1 !y d n ev5 pret5d to "k any ?+ ( ! matt]4 ,& inde$ h[ %\ld !y8 :5 x actually requires a practical k ( ! :ole art ( pa9t+ 7sculpture alone n be+ suffici5t7 & t too to "s degree ( em95ce1 9 ord] to enable any "o to pursue ! *a9 ( ?is enquiry ?r\gh all its p>ts3 :i* ,i hope w be made to appe> 9 ! foll[+ "w4 ,x w !n naturally be ask$1 :y ! be/ pa9t]s )9 ^! two c5turies1 :o by _! works appe> to h excell$ 9 grace & beauty1 %\ld h be5 s sil5t 9 an affair ( su* seem+ importance to ! imitative arts & _! own hon\r8 to :i* ,i answ]1 t x is probable1 !y arriv$ at t excell5ce 9 _! works1 by ! m]e d9t ( imitat+ ) great exactness ! beauties ( nature1 & by (t5 copy+ & reta9+ /rong ideas ( graceful antique /atues2 :i* might suffici5tly s]ve _! purposes z pa9t]s1 )\t _! tr\bl+ !mselves ) a f>!r enquiry into ! p>ticul> causes ( ! effects be=e !m4 ,x is n inde$ a little /range1 t ! great ,leon>do da ,v9ci 7among/ ! _m philosophical precepts :i* he ha? at r&om laid d[n 9 8 treatise on pa9t+7 %\ld n h giv5 ! lea/ h9t ( any ?+ t5d+ to a sy/em ( ?is k9d2 especially1 z he 0 cotempor>y ) ,mi*ael ,angelo1 :o is said to h discov]'d a c]ta9 pr9ciple 9 ! trunk only ( an antique /atue1 7well kn[n f ?is circum/ance by ! "n ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's ,torso1 or ,back1 fig4 #ed p4 ,i7 :i* pr9ciple gave 8 works a gr&eur ( gu/o equal to ! be/ antiques4 ,relative to :i* tradition1 ,lomazzo :o wrote ab\t pa9t+ at ! same "t1 ha? ?is rem>kable passage1 vol4 ,i4 book ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed ,& because 9 ?is place !re falle? out a c]ta9e precept ( ,mi*ael ,angelo mu* = our purpose1 ,i wil n conceale x1 leav+ ! f>!r int]pretation & vnd]/&+ !re( to ! iudici\s read]4 ,x is report$ !n t ,mi*ael ,angelo vpon a "t gaue ?is obs]vation to ! ,pa9t] ,m>cus de ,sci5a 8 s*oll]2 t he %\ld alwaies make a figure ,pyramidall1 ,s]p5tlike1 & multipli$ by "o two & ?ree4 ,9 :i* precept 79 m9e op9ion7 ! :ole my/]ie ( ! arte consi/e?4 ,= ! greate/ grace & life t a picture c haue1 is1 t x expresse ,motion3 :i* ! ,pa9t]s call ! spirite ( a picture3 ,n[e !re is no =me s fitte to expresse ?is motion1 z t ( ! flame ( fire1 :i* accord+ to ,ari/otle & ! o!r ,philosoph]s1 is an elem5te mo/ actiue ( all o!rs3 because ! =me ( ! flame !re( is mo/ apt = motion3 = x ha? a ,conus or %>pe po9te :]e) x seeme? to divide ! aire1 t s x may asc5de to 8 prop] sph]e4 ,s t a picture hav+ ?is =me w bee mo/ beautifull4#a #a ,see ,haydock's translation pr9t$ at ,ox=d1 #aeih4 ,_m writ]s s9ce ,lomazzo h 9 ! same words recomm5d$ ! obs]v+ ?is rule also2 )\t compreh5d+ ! mean+ ( x3 = unless x 7 kn[n sy/ematically1 ! :ole bus9ess ( grace c\ld n be und]/ood4 ,du ,fresnoy1 9 8 art ( pa9t+1 says l>ge fl[+1 glid+ outl9es :i* are 9 waves1 give n only a grace to ! "p1 b to ! :ole body2 z we see 9 ! ,ant9\s1 & 9 _m o!r ( ! antique figures3 a f9e figure & its p>ts ought always to h a s]p5t-l & flam+ =m3 naturally ^? sort ( l9es h ,i "k n :at ( life & seem+ motion 9 !m1 :i* v mu* resembles ! activity ( ! flame & ( ! s]p5t4 ,n[ if he _h und]/ood :at he _h said1 he c\ld n1 speak+ ( grace1 h express$ himself 9 ! foll[+ contradictory mann]4--,b to say ! tru?1 ?is is a difficult und]tak+1 & a r>e pres5t1 :i* ! arti/ r receives f ! h& ( heav5 ?an f 8 own indu/ry & /udies#b4 ,b ,de ,piles1 9 8 lives ( ! pa9t]s1 is /ill m contradictory1 :]e he says1 t a pa9t] c only h x 7mean+ grace7 f nature1 & do? n "k t he ha? x1 nor 9 :at degree1 nor h[ he communicates x to 8 works3 & t grace & beauty are two diff]5t ?+s2 beauty pleases by ! rules1 & grace )\t !m4 #b ,see ,dryd5's translation ( 8 lat9 poem on ,pa9t+1 v]se #bh1 & ! rem>ks on ^! v l9es1 page #aee1 :i* run ?us1 ,x is difficult to say :at ?is grace ( pa9t+ is1 x is to be conceiv'd1 & und]/ood mu* m easy ?an to be express$ by words2 x proce$s f ! illum9ations ( an excell5t m9d1 7b n to be acquir$7 by :i* we give a c]ta9 turn to ?+s1 :i* makes !m pleas+4 ,all ! ,engli% writ]s on ?is subject h e*o'd ^! passages2 h5ce ,je ne sai quoi1 is become a fa%ionable phrase = grace4 ,by ?is x is pla91 t ?is precept :i* ,mi*ael ,angelo deliv]'d s long ago 9 an oracle-l mann]1 ha? rema9'd my/]i\s d[n to ?is "t1 = ought t has appe>'d to ! contr>y4 ,! wond] t x %\ld d s w 9 "s measure less5 :5 we come to consid] t x mu/ all along h appe>$ z full ( contradiction z ! mo/ obscure quibble ev] deliv]'d at ,delphos1 because1 w9d+ l9es are z (t5 ! cause ( de=mity z ( grace1 ! solution ( :i*1 9 ?is place1 w\ld be an anticipation ( :at ! read] w f9d at l>ge 9 ! body ( ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 betwe5 ,figs4 #bb & #aje ,!re are also /rong prejudices 9 fav\r ( /raight l9es1 z con/itut+ true beauty 9 ! human =m1 :]e !y nev] %\ld appe>4 ,a middl+ connoisseur ?9ks no pr(ile has beauty )\t a v /raight nose1 & if ! =ehead be cont9u$ /raight ) x1 he ?9ks x is /ill m sublime4 ,i h se5 mis]able scrat*es ) ! p51 sell at a consid]able rate = only hav+ 9 !m a side face or two1 l t betwe5 fig4 #bb1 & fig4 #aje1 plate ,i1 :i* 0 made1 & any "o might d ! same1 ) ! eyes %ut4 ,! common notion t a p]son %\ld be /raight z an arr[1 & p]fectly erect is ( ?is k9d4 ,if a danc+-ma/] 7 to see 8 s*ol> 9 ! easy & gracefully-turn$ attitude ( ! ,ant9\s 7fig4 #f1 plate ,i17 he w\ld cry %ame on him1 & tell him he look$ z crook$ z a ram's horn1 & bid him hold up 8 head z he himself did4 ,see fig4 #g1 plate ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #f & #g ,! pa9t]s1 9 l mann]1 by _! works1 seem to be no less divid$ ^u ! subject ?an ! au?ors4 ,! ,fr5*1 except su* z h imitat$ ! antique1 or ! ,italian s*ool1 seem to h /udi\sly avoid$ ! s]p5t9e l9e 9 all _! pictures1 especially ,an?ony ,coypel1 hi/ory pa9t]1 & ,rigaud1 pr9cipal portrait pa9t] to ,lewis ! #ad?4 ,rub5s1 ^: mann] ( design+ 0 q orig9al1 made use ( a l>ge fl[+ l9e z a pr9ciple1 :i* runs ?r\gh all 8 works1 & gives a noble _s to !m2 b he did n seem to be acqua9t$ ) :at we call ! precise l9e2 :i* h]eaft] we %all be v p>ticul> ^u1 & :i* gives ! delicacy we see 9 ! be/ ,italian ma/]s2 b he r *>g$ 8 cont\rs 9 g5]al ) too bold & ,s-l swell+s4 ,raphael1 f a /raight & /iff mann]1 on a sudd5 *ang$ 8 ta/e ( l9es at sight ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's works1 & ! antique /atues2 & s fond 0 he ( ! s]p5t9e l9e1 t he c>ri$ x into a ridicul\s excess1 p>ticul>ly 9 8 drap]ies3 ?\gh 8 great obs]vance ( nature suff]'d him n long to cont9ue 9 ?is mi/ake4 ,pet] de ,cortone =m'd a f9e mann] 9 8 drap]ies ( ?is l9e4 ,we see ?is pr9ciple no :]e bett] und]/ood ?an 9 "s pictures ( ,corregio1 p>ticul>ly 8 ,juno & ,ixion3 yet ! proportions ( 8 figures are sometimes su* z might be correct$ by a common sign pa9t]4 ,:il/ ,alb]t ,dur]1 :o drew ma!matically1 nev] s mu* z deviat$ into grace1 :i* he mu/ sometimes h done 9 copy+ ! life1 if he _h n be5 fett]'d ) 8 own impracticable rules ( proportion4 ,b t :i* may h puzzl$ ?is matt] mo/1 may be1 t ,v&yke1 "o ( ! be/ portrait pa9t]s 9 mo/ respects ev] kn[n1 pla9ly appe>s n to h _h a ?\ght ( ?is k9d4 ,= !re seems n to be ! lea/ grace 9 8 pictures m ?an :at ! life *anc$ to br+ be=e him4 ,!re is a pr9t ( ! ,dut*ess ( ,:>ton 7fig4 #eb1 plate ,,ii17 engrav$ by ,van ,gun/1 f a true picture by him1 :i* is ?or\ghly dive/$ ( e elegance4 ,n[1 _h he kn[n ?is l9e z a pr9ciple1 he c\ld no m h drawn all ! p>ts ( ?is picture s contr>y to x1 ?an ,mr4 ,addison c\ld h wrote a :ole spectator 9 false gramm>2 unless x 7 done on purpose4 ,h[ev]1 on acc\nt ( 8 o!r great excell5cies1 pa9t]s *use to /ile ?is want ( grace 9 8 attitudes1 c4 simplicity1 & inde$ !y d (t5 v ju/ly m]it t epi!t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb ,nor h ! pa9t]s ( ! pres5t times be5 less unc]ta9 & contradictory to ea* o!r1 ?an ! ma/]s already m5tion$1 :atev] !y may pret5d to ! contr>y3 ( ?is ,i _h a m9d to be c]ta91 & !re=e1 9 ! ye> #agde1 publi%$ a frontispiece to my engrav$ works1 9 :i* ,i drew a s]p5t9e l9e ly+ on a pa9t]'s pallet1 ) ^! words "u x1 ,,! ,,l9e ,,( ,,beauty4 ,! bait soon took2 & no ,egyptian hi]ogliphic ev] amus$ m ?an x did = a "t1 pa9t]s & sculptors came to me to "k ! mean+ ( x1 be+ z mu* puzzl$ ) x z o!r p1 till x came to h "s explanation2 !n inde$1 b n till !n1 "s f\nd x out to be an old acqua9tance ( !irs1 ?o' ! acc\nt !y c\ld give ( its prop]ties 0 v ne> z satisfactory z t :i* a day-lab\r] :o con/antly uses ! leav]1 c\ld give ( t ma*9e z a me*anical p[]4 ,o!rs1 z common face pa9t]s & copi]s ( pictures1 d5i$ t !re c\ld be su* a rule ei!r 9 art or nature1 & ass]t$ x 0 all /uff & madness2 b no wond] t ^! g5tlem5 %\ld n be ready 9 compreh5d+ a ?+ !y h little or no bus9ess )4 ,= ?\gh ! picture copi] may sometimes to a common eye seem to vye ) ! orig9al he copies1 ! arti/ himself requires no m ability1 g5ius1 or k ( nature1 ?an a j\rneyman-weav] at ! gobl9s1 :o 9 work+ aft] a piece ( pa9t+1 bit by bit1 sc>cely kn[s :at he is ab\t1 :e!r he is weav+ a man or a horse1 yet at la/ almo/ ins5sibly turns out ( 8 loom a f9e piece ( tape/ry1 repres5t+1 x may be1 "o ( ,alex&]'s battles pa9t$ by ,le ,brun4 ,z ! above-m5tion'd pr9t ?us involv$ me 9 frequ5t disputes by expla9+ ! qualities ( ! l9e1 ,i 0 extremely glad to f9d x 7:i* ,i _h conceiv'd z only "p ( a sy/em 9 my m9d7 s well support$ by ! above precept ( ,mi*ael ,angelo3 :i* 0 fir/ po9t$ out to me by ,dr4 ,k5n$y1 a le>n$ antiqu>ian & connoisseur1 ( :om ,i aft]w>ds pur*as$ ! translation1 f :i* ,i h tak5 sev]al passages to my purpose4 ,let u n[ endeav\r to discov] :at light antiquity ?r[s ^u ! subject 9 "q4 ,egypt fir/1 & aft]w>d ,greece1 h manife/$ by _! works _! great skill 9 arts & sci5ces1 & among ! re/ pa9t+1 & sculpture1 all :i* are ?\ght to h issu$ f _! great s*ools ( philosophy4 ,py?agoras1 ,socrates1 & ,ari/otle1 seem to h po9t$ out ! "r road 9 nature = ! /udy ( ! pa9t]s & sculptors ( ^? times 7:i* !y 9 all probability aft]w>ds foll[$ ?r\gh ^? nic] pa?s t _! p>ticul> pr(essions requir$ !m to pursue7 z may be reasonably collect$ f ! answ]s giv5 by ,socrates to ,ari/ippus 8 disciple1 & ,p>rhasius ! pa9t]1 conc]n+ ,,fitness1 ! fir/ fundam5tal law 9 nature ) reg>d to beauty4 ,i am 9 "s measure sav$ ! tr\ble ( collect+ an hi/orical acc\nt ( ^! arts among ! anci5ts1 by accid5tally meet+ ) a preface to a tract1 call'd ! ,beau ,ideal3 ?is treatise#c 0 writt5 by ,lamb]t ,h]manson ,t5 ,kate1 9 ,fr5*1 & translat$ into ,engli% by ,james ,*ri/oph] le ,blon2 :o 9 t preface says1 speak+ ( ! ,au?or1 ,8 sup]ior k t ,i am n[ publi%+1 is ! product ( ! ,analogy ( ! anci5t ,greeks2 or ! true key = f9d+ all h>moni\s proportions 9 pa9t+1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 musick1 c4 br\ght home to ,greece by ,py?agoras4 ,= aft] ?is great philosoph] _h travell'd into ,pho5icia1 ,egypt & ,*aldea1 :]e he conv]s'd ) ! le>n$2 he return'd into ,greece ab\t ,anno ,mundi #cdhd4 ,be=e ! *ri/ian ra #ebj1 & br\ght ) him _m excell5t discov]ies & improvem5ts = ! good ( 8 c\ntrym51 among :i* ! ,analogy 0 "o ( ! mo/ consid]able & useful4 #c ,publi%'d 9 #agcb1 & sold by ,a4 ,mill>4 ,aft] him ! ,grecians1 by ! help ( ?is ,analogy1 began 7& n be=e7 to excel o!r nations 9 sci5ces & arts2 = :]eas be=e ?is "t !y repres5t$ _! ,div9ities 9 pla9 human figures1 ! ,grecians n[ began to ent] into ! ,beau ,ideal2 & ,pamphilus1 7:o fl\ri%'d ,a4 ,m4 #cfda1 be=e ! *ri/ian ra #cfc1 :o taught1 t no man c\ld excel 9 pa9t+ )\t ma!maticks7 ! s*ol> ( ,pausias & ma/] ( ,apelles1 0 ! fir/ :o artfully apply'd ! said ,analogy to ! art ( pa9t+2 z mu* ab\t ! same "t ! sculptur]s1 ! ar*itects1 c4 began to apply x to _! sev]al arts1 )\t :i* sci5ce1 ! ,grecians _h rema9'd z ignorant z _! =efa!rs4 ,!y c>ri$ on _! improvem5ts 9 draw+1 pa9t+1 ar*itecture1 sculpture1 c4 till !y became ! wond]s ( ! _w2 especially aft] ! ,asiaticks & ,egyptians 7:o _h =m]ly be5 ! tea*]s ( ! ,grecians7 _h1 9 process ( "t & by ! havock ( w>1 lo/ all ! excell5cy 9 sci5ces & arts2 = :i* all o!r nations 7 aft]w>ds oblig$ to ! ,grecians1 )\t be+ able s mu* z to imitate !m4 ,= :5 ! ,romans _h conqu]$ ,greece & ,asia1 & _h br\ght to ,rome ! be/ pa9t+s & ! f9e/ arti/s1 we don't f9d !y discov]$ ! great key ( k1 ! ,analogy ,i am n[ speak+ (1 b _! be/ p]=mances 7 conduct$ by ,grecian arti/s1 :o x seems c>$ n to communicate _! secret ( ! ,analogy2 because ei!r !y int5d$ to be necess>y at ,rome1 by keep+ ! secret among !mselves1 or else ! ,romans1 :o pr9cipally affect$ univ]sal dom9ion1 7 n curi\s en\gh to se>* aft] ! secret1 n kn[+ ! importance ( x1 nor und]/&+ t1 )\t x1 !y c\ld nev] atta9 to ! excell5cy ( ! ,grecians3 ?\gh nev]!less x mu/ be own$ t ! ,romans us$ well ! proportions1 :i* ! ,grecians long be=e _h r$uc$ to c]ta9 fix$ rules accord+ to _! anci5t ,analogy2 & ! ,romans c\ld arrive at ! happy use ( ! proportions1 )\t compreh5d+ ! ,analogy itself4 ,?is acc\nt agrees ) :at is con/antly obs]v$ 9 ,italy1 :]e ! ,greek1 & ,roman "w1 bo? 9 m$als & /atues1 are z di/+ui%able z ! *>act]s ( ! two languages4 ,z ! preface _h ?us be5 ( s]vice to me1 ,i 0 9 hopes f ! title ( ! book 7& ! assurance ( ! translator1 t ! au?or _h by 8 great le>n+ discov]$ ! secret ( ! anci5ts7 to h met ) some?+ !re t might h assi/$1 or confirm$ ! s*eme ,i _h 9 h&2 b 0 mu* disappo9t$ 9 f9d+ no?+ ( t sort1 & no explanation1 or ev5 aft]-m5tion ( :at at fir/ agreeably al>m$ me1 ! ^w ,analogy4 ,i h giv5 ! read] a specim51 9 8 own words1 h[ f> ! au?or has discov]$ ?is gr& secret ( ! anci5ts1 or great key ( k1 z ! translator calls x4 ,! sublime "p t ,i s mu* e/eem1 & ( :i* ,i h begun to speak1 is a real ,je ne sai quoi1 or an unacc\ntable some?+ to mo/ p1 & x is ! mo/ important "p to all ! connoisseurs1 ,i %all call x an h>moni\s propriety1 :i* is a t\*+ or mov+ unity1 or a pa!tick agreem5t or concord1 n only ( ea* memb] to its body1 b also ( ea* "p to ! memb] ( :i* x is a "p3 ,x is also an inf9ite v>iety ( p>ts1 h[ev] con=mable1 ) respect to ea* diff]5t subject1 s t all ! attitude1 & all ! adju/m5t ( ! drap]ies ( ea* figure ought to answ] or correspond to ! subject *os54 ,briefly1 x is a true decorum1 a bi5seance or a congru5t disposition ( ideas1 z well = ! face & /ature1 z = ! attitudes4 ,a bright g5ius1 9 my op9ion1 :o aspires to excel 9 ! ideal1 %\ld propose ?is to himself1 z :at has be5 ! pr9cipal /udy ( ! mo/ fam\s arti/s4 ',tis 9 ?is "p t ! great ma/]s _c be imitat$ or copi$ b by !mselves1 or by ^? t are advanc$ 9 ! k ( ! ideal1 & :o are z kn[+ z ^? ma/]s 9 ! rules or laws ( ! pittoresque & poetical nature1 al?o' inf]ior to ! ma/]s 9 ! high _s ( inv5tion4 ,! words 9 ?is quotation ,x is also an inf9ite v>iety ( p>ts1 seem at fir/ to h "s mean+ 9 !m1 b x is entirely de/roy'd by ! re/ ( ! p>agraph1 & all ! o!r pages are fill$1 accord+ to cu/om1 ) descriptions ( pictures4 ,n[1 z e "o has a "r to conjecture :at ?is discov]y ( ! anci5ts might be1 x %all be my bus9ess to %ew x 0 a key to ! ?or\gh k ( v>iety bo? 9 =m1 & movem5t4 ,%akespe>1 :o _h ! deepe/ p5etration into nature1 has sum'd up all ! *>ms ( beauty 9 two words1 ,,inf9ite ,,v>iety2 :]e1 speak+ ( ,cleopatra's p[] ov] ,an?ony1 he says1 ----,nor cu/om /ale ,h] inf9ite v>iety3----,act #b4 ,sc5e #c4 ,x has be5 ev] obs]v$1 t ! anci5ts made _! doctr9es my/]i\s to ! vulg>1 & kept !m secret f ^? :o 7 n ( _! p>ticul> sects1 & societies1 by means ( symbols1 & hi]oglyphics4 ,lomazzo says1 *ap4 #bi1 book #a4 ,! ,grecians 9 imitation ( antiquity se>*$ out ! truly r5[n$ proportion1 :]e9 ! exact p]fection ( mo/ exquisite beauty & sweetness appe>e?2 d$icat+ ! same 9 a triangul> glass unto ,v5us ! goddess ( div9e beauty1 f :5ce all ! beauty ( inf]ior ?+s is d]iv$4 ,if we suppose ?is passage to be au!ntic1 may we n also imag9e x probable1 t ! symbol 9 ! triangul> glass1 might be simil> to ! l9e ,mi*ael ,angelo recomm5d$2 especially1 if x c be prov$1 t ! triangul> =m ( ! glass1 & ! s]p5t9e l9e itself1 are ! two mo/ expressive figures t c be ?\ght ( to signify n only beauty & grace1 b ! :ole ord] ( =m4 ,!re is a circum/ance 9 ! acc\nt ,pl9y gives ( ,apelles's visit to ,protog5es1 :i* /r5g!ns ?is supposition4 ,i hope ,i may h leave to repeat ! /ory4 ,apelles hav+ he>d ( ! fame ( ,protog5es1 w5t to ,rhodes to pay him a visit1 b n f9d+ him at home ask$ = a bo>d1 on :i* he drew a l9e1 tell+ ! s]vant maid1 t l9e w\ld signify to h] ma/] :o _h be5 to see him2 we are n cle>ly told :at sort ( a l9e x 0 t c\ld s p>ticul>ly signify "o ( ! fir/ ( 8 pr(ession3 if x 0 only a /roke 7?o' z f9e z a hair z ,pl9y seems to ?9k7 x c\ld n possibly1 by any means1 d5ote ! abilities ( a great pa9t]4 ,b if we suppose x to be a l9e ( "s extraord9>y quality1 su* z ! s]p5t9e l9e w appe> to be1 ,apelles c\ld n h left a m satisfactory signature ( ! complem5t he _h paid him4 ,protog5es :5 he came home took ! h9t1 & drew a f9] or r m expressive l9e )9 x1 to %ew ,apelles if he came aga91 t he und]/ood 8 mean+4 ,he1 soon return+1 0 well-pleas$ ) ! answ] ,protog5es _h left = him1 by :i* he 0 conv9c$ t fame _h done him ju/ice1 & s correct+ ! l9e aga91 p]haps by mak+ x m precisely elegant1 he took 8 leave4 ,! /ory ?us may be reconcil'd to common s5se1 :i*1 z x has be5 g5]ally receiv'd1 c\ld nev] be und]/ood b z a ridicul\s tale4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ov] ,fig4 #d ,let u add to ?is1 t !re is sc>ce an ,egyptian1 ,greek1 or ,roman deity1 b ha? a twi/$ s]p5t1 twi/$ cornucopia1 or "s symbol w9d+ 9 ?is mann] to accompany x4 ,! two small heads 7ov] ! bu/o ( ! ,h]cules1 fig4 #d1 9 plate ,i7 ( ! goddess ,isis1 "o cr[n$ ) a globe betwe5 two horns1 ! o!r ) a lily#d1 are ( ?is k9d4 ,h>pocrates1 ! god ( sil5ce1 is /ill m rem>kably s1 hav+ a l>ge twi/$ horn gr[+ out ( ! side ( 8 head1 "o cornucopia 9 8 h&1 & ano!r at 8 feet1 ) 8 f+] plac$ on 8 lips1 indicat+ secrecy3 7see ,montfaucon's antiquities7 & x is z rem>kable1 t ! deities ( b>b>\s & go?ic nations nev] _h1 nor h to ?is day1 any ( ^! elegant =ms belong+ to !m4 ,h[ absolutely void ( ^! turns are ! pagods ( ,*9a1 & :at a mean ta/e runs ?r\gh mo/ ( _! attempts 9 pa9t+ & sculpture1 not)/&+ !y f9i% ) su* excessive neatness2 ! :ole nation 9 ^! matt]s seem to h b "o eye3 ?is mis*ief naturally foll[s f ! prejudices !y imbibe by copy+ "o ano!rs works1 :i* ! anci5ts seem seldom to h done4 #d ,! leaves ( ?is fl[] z !y gr[1 twi/ !mselves v>i\s ways 9 a pleas+ mann]1 z may be bett] se5 by figure #dc1 9 plate ,i1 b !re is a curi\s little fl[] call$ ! ,autumn ,syclam51 fig4 #dg1 ! leaves ( :i* elegantly twi/ "o way only4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #dc & #dg ,^u ! :ole1 x is evid5t1 t ! anci5ts /udi$ ^! arts v diff]5tly f ! mod]ns3 ,lomazzo seems to be p>tly aw>e ( ?is1 by :at he says 9 ! division ( 8 "w1 page #i1 ,!re is a two-folde proce$+ 9 all artes & sci5ces3 ! "o is call$ ! ord] ( nature1 & ! o!r ( tea*+4 ,nature proce$e? ord9>ily1 beg9n+ ) ! unp]fect1 z ! p>ticul>s1 & end+ ) ! p]fect1 z ! univ]sals4 ,n[ if 9 se>*+ out ! nature ( ?+s1 our und]/&+ %all proce$e aft] t ord]1 by :i* !y are br\ght =? by nature1 d\btlesse x w be ! mo/ absolute & ready me?od t c bee imag9$4 ,= we beg9ne to "k ?+s by _! fir/ & imm$iate pr9ciples1 c4 & ?is is n only m9e op9ion b ,ari/otles also1 yet1 mi/ak+ ,ari/otle's mean+1 & absolutely deviat+ f 8 advice1 he aft]w>ds says1 all :i* if we c\ld compreh5d )9 our und]/&+1 we %\ld be mo/ wise2 b x is impossible1 & aft] hav+ giv5 "s d>k reasons :y he ?9ks s1 he tells y he resolves to foll[ ! ord] ( tea*+1 :i* all ! writ]s on pa9t+ h 9 l mann] s9ce done4 ,_h ,i obs]v$ ! =ego+ passage1 be=e ,i und]took ?is essay1 x probably w\ld h put me to a /&1 & det]r$ me f v5tur+ ^u :at ,lomazzo calls an impossible task3 b obs]v+ 9 ! =em5tion'd controv]sies t ! torr5t g5]ally ran aga9/ me2 & t sev]al ( my oppon5ts _h turn'd my argum5ts into ridicule1 yet 7 daily avail+ !mselves ( _! use1 & v5t+ !m ev5 to my face z _! own2 ,i began to wi% ! publication ( some?+ on ?is subject2 & accord+ly appli$ myself to sev]al ( my fri5ds1 :om ,i ?\ght capable ( tak+ up ! p5 = me1 (f]+ to furni% !m ) mat]ials by ^w ( m\?3 b f9d+ ?is me?od n practicable1 f ! difficulty ( "o man's express+ ! ideas ( ano!r1 especially on a subject :i* he 0 ei!r unacqua9t$ )1 or 0 new 9 its k9d1 ,i 0 !re=e r$uc$ to an attempt ( f9d+ su* words z w\ld be/ answ] my own ideas1 be+ n[ too f> engag$ to drop ! design4 ,h]eupon1 hav+ dige/$ ! matt] z well z ,i c\ld1 & ?r[n x into ! =m ( a book1 ,i submitt$ x to ! judgm5t ( su* fri5ds ^: s9c]ity & abilities ,i c\ld be/ rely on1 det]m9+ on _! approbation or dislike to publi% or de/roy x3 b _! fav\rable op9ion ( ! manuscript be+ publicly kn[n1 x gave su* a cr$it to ! und]tak+1 z soon *ang$ ! c\nt5ances ( ^?1 :o _h a bett] op9ion ( my p5cil1 ?an my p51 & turn'd _! sne]s into expectation3 especially :5 ! same fri5ds _h k9dly made me an (f] ( conduct+ ! "w ?r\gh ! press4 ,& "h ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge myself p>ticul>ly indebt$ to "o g5tleman = 8 corrections & am5dm5t ( at lea/ a ?ird "p ( ! word+4 ,?r\gh 8 abs5ce & avocations1 sev]al %eets w5t to ! press )\t any assi/ance1 & ! re/ _h ! occasional inspection ( "o or two o!r fri5ds4 ,if any inaccuracies %all be f\nd 9 ! writ+1 ,i %all readily ackn[l$ge !m all my own1 & am1 ,i confess1 "u no great conc]n ab\t !m1 provid$ ! matt] 9 g5]al may be f\nd useful & answ]able 9 ! application ( x to tru? & nature2 9 :i* mat]ial po9ts1 if ! read] %all ?9k fit to rectify any mi/akes1 x w give me a s5sible pleasure1 & be do+ great hon\r to ! "w4 ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,= ! m easy f9d+ ! figures ref]r$ to 9 ! two pr9ts belong+ to ?is "w1 ! ref]5ces are = ! mo/ "p plac$ 9 ! m>g94 ,fig4 ,t p4 ,i signifies ! top ( plate ,i4 ,l p4 ,i ! left side4 ,r p4 ,i ! "r side4 ,b4 p4 ,i4 ! bottom4 ,& :]e a figure is ref]r$ to 9 ! middle ( ei!r pr9t1 x is only m>k'd ?us1 fig4 p4 ,i or fig4 p4 ,,ii4 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,9 ?is digital edition1 ^! m>g9al ref]5ces h be5 incorporat$ into ! text )9 squ>e brackets1 e4g4 fig4 #a ,t p4 ,i4 ,! two pr9ts 7 n orig9ally b\nd into ! book2 !y are reproduc$ 9 _! entirety bel[4 ,reproductions ( ! individual figures h also be5 incorporat$ into ! text at ! appropriate po9ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii ,,cont5ts4 page ,,preface4 iii ,,adv]tisem5t4 ,! plates & figures4 xxii ,,introduction4 ,! use & advantage ( consid]+ solid objects z only ?9 %ells compos$ ( l9es1 l ! out]-coat ( an onion4 #a ,,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,,fitness1 #ac ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,,v>iety1 #af ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,,uni=mity1 ,,regul>ity1 or ,,symmetry1 #ah ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,,simplicity1 or ,,di/9ctness1 #ba ,,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,,intricacy1 #bd ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,,quantity1 #bi ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,,l9es1 #cg ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( :at sort ( p>ts & h[ ,,pleas+ ,,=ms are compos$1 #ci ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ,,compositions ) ! ,,wav+ ,,l9e1 #dh ,,*apt] ,x4 ,( ,,compositions ) ! ,,s]p5t9e ,,l9e1 #ej ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,( ,,proportion1 #fg ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,( ,,light & ,,%ade1 & ! mann] 9 :i* objects are expla9$ to ! eye by !m1 #ic ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,( ,,composition ) reg>d to ,,light1 ,,%ade1 & ,,col\rs1 #ajf ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,( ,,col\r+4 #aac ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,( ! ,,face4 #a4 ,9 ! highe/ ta/e1 & ! rev]se4 #b4 ,z to "* & expression4 #c4 ,( ! mann] 9 :i* ! l9es ( ! ,face alt] f infancy upw>ds1 & %ew ! diff]5t ,ages1 #abb ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,( ,,attitude1 #ace ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,( ,,action4 #a4 ,a new me?od ( acquir+ an easy & graceful movem5t ( ! h& & arms4 #b4 ,( ! head1 c4 #c4 ,( danc+1 p>ticul>ly ! m9uet4 #d4 ,( c\ntry-danc+1 &1 la/ly1 ( /age-action4 #ach ,pr9ts ,publi%'d by ,w4 ,,hog>?4 ,,figures ref]r'd to 9 ! ,,book4 ,,errata4 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,hog>?'s corrections are n[ incorporat$ )9 ! text4 ,,introduction4 ,i n[ (f] to ! public a %ort essay1 accompani$ ) two explanatory pr9ts1 9 :i* ,i %all endeav\r to %ew :at ! pr9ciples are 9 nature1 by :i* we are direct$ to call ! =ms ( "s bodies beautiful1 o!rs ugly2 "s graceful1 & o!rs ! rev]se2 by consid]+ m m9utely ?an has hi!rto be5 done1 ! nature ( ^? l9es1 & _! diff]5t comb9ations1 :i* s]ve to raise 9 ! m9d ! ideas ( all ! v>iety ( =ms imag9able4 ,at fir/1 p]haps1 ! :ole design1 z well z ! pr9ts1 may seem r int5d$ to trifle & conf\nd1 ?an to ent]ta9 & in=m3 b ,i am p]suad$ t :5 ! examples 9 nature1 ref]r'd to 9 ?is essay1 are duly consid]'d & exam9$ ^u ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 x1 x w be ?\ght wor?y ( a c>eful & att5tive p]usal3 & ! pr9ts !mselves too w1 ,i make no d\bt1 be exam9$ z att5tively1 :5 x is f\nd1 t almo/ e figure 9 !m 7h[ odly soev] !y may seem to be gr\p'd toge!r7 is ref]r'd to s+ly 9 ! essay1 9 ord] to assi/ ! read]'s imag9ation1 :5 ! orig9al examples 9 art1 or nature1 are n !mselves be=e him4 ,& 9 ?is light ,i hope my pr9ts w be consid]'d1 & t ! figures ref]r'd to 9 !m w nev] be imag9$ to be plac$ !re by me z examples !mselves1 ( beauty or grace1 b only to po9t out to ! read] :at sorts ( objects he is to look = & exam9e 9 nature1 or 9 ! works ( ! greate/ ma/]s4 ,my figures1 !re=e1 are to be consid]'d 9 ! same light1 ) ^? a ma!matician makes ) 8 p51 :i* may convey ! idea ( 8 demon/ration1 ?o' n a l9e 9 !m is ei!r p]fectly /raight1 or ( t peculi> curvature he is treat+ (4 ,nay1 s f> 0 ,i f aim+ at grace1 t ,i purposely *ose to be lea/ accurate1 :]e mo/ beauty might be expect$1 t no /ress might be laid on ! figures to ! prejudice ( ! "w itself4 ,= ,i mu/ confess1 ,i h b little hopes ( hav+ a fav\rable att5tion giv5 to my design 9 g5]al1 by ^? :o h already _h a m fa%ionable introduction into ! my/]ies ( ! arts ( pa9t+1 & sculpture4 ,mu* less d ,i expect1 or 9 tru? desire1 ! c\nt5ance ( t set ( p1 :o h an int]e/ 9 explod+ any k9d ( doctr9e1 t may tea* u to see ) our own eyes4 ,x may be ne$less to obs]ve1 t "s ( ! la/-m5tion'd1 are n only ! dep5d5ts on1 b (t5 ! only in/ructors & lead]s ( ! =m]2 b 9 :at light !y are s consid]'d abroad1 may be p>tly se5 by ,fig4 #a ,t p4 ,i a burlesque repres5tation ( !m1 tak5 f a pr9t publi%'d by ,mr4 ,pond1 design'd by ,cavr4 ,ghezzi at ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a ,to ^?1 !n1 ^: judgm5ts are unprejudic$1 ?is little "w is submitt$ ) mo/ pleasure2 because x is f su* t ,i h hi!rto receiv$ ! mo/ obligations1 & n[ h reason to expect mo/ c&\r4 ,!re=e ,i w\ld fa9 h su* ( my read]s be assur$1 t h[ev] !y may h be5 aw'd1 & ov]-born by pomp\s t]ms ( art1 h>d names1 & ! p>ade ( seem+ly magnific5t collections ( pictures & /atues2 !y are 9 a mu* fair] way1 ladies1 z well z g5tlem51 ( ga9+ a p]fect k ( ! elegant & beautiful 9 artificial1 z well z natural =ms1 by consid]+ !m 9 a sy/ematical1 b at ! same "t famili> way1 ?an ^? :o h be5 prepossess'd by dogmatic rules1 tak5 f ! p]=mances ( art only3 nay1 ,i w v5ture to say1 soon]1 & m rationally1 ?an ev5 a tol]able pa9t]1 :o has imbib$ ! same prejudices4 ,! m prevail+ ! notion may be1 t pa9t]s & connoisseurs are ! only compet5t judges ( ?+s ( ?is sort2 ! m x becomes necess>y to cle> up & confirm1 z mu* z possible1 :at has only be5 ass]t$ 9 ! =ego+ p>agraph3 t no "o may be det]r'd1 by ! want ( su* previ\s k1 f entr+ into ?is enquiry4 ,! reason :y g5tlem51 :o h be5 inquisitive aft] k 9 pictures1 h _! eyes less qualifi$ = our purpose1 ?an o!rs1 is because _! ?\ghts h be5 entirely & cont9ually employ'd & incumb]'d ) consid]+ & reta9+ ! v>i\s mann]s 9 :i* pictures are pa9t$1 ! hi/ories1 names1 & *>act]s ( ! ma/]s1 toge!r ) _m o!r little circum/ances belong+ to ! me*anical "p ( ! art2 & little or no "t has be5 giv5 = p]fect+ ! ideas !y ought to h 9 _! m9ds1 ( ! objects !mselves 9 nature3 = by hav+ ?us esp\s$ & adopt$ _! fir/ notions f no?+ b imitations1 & becom+ too (t5 z bigott$ to _! faults1 z _! beauties1 !y at l5g?1 9 a mann]1 totally neglect1 or at lea/ disreg>d ! works ( nature1 m]ely because !y d n tally ) :at _! m9ds are s /rongly prepossess'd )4 ,7 n ?is a true /ate ( ! case1 _m a reput$ capital picture1 t n[ adorns ! cab9ets ( ! curi\s 9 all c\ntries1 w\ld long ago h be5 committ$ to ! flames3 nor w\ld x h be5 possible = ! ,v5us & ,cupid1 repres5t$ by ! figure "u ,fig4 #di ,t p4 ,i1 to h made its way into ! pr9cipal ap>tm5t ( a palace4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 "u ,fig4 #di ,x is also evid5t t ! pa9t]'s eye may n be a bit bett] fitt$ to receive ^! new impressions1 :o is 9 l mann] too mu* captivat$ ) ! works ( art2 = he also is apt to pursue ! %ad[1 & drop ! sub/ance4 ,?is mi/ake happ5s *iefly to ^? :o g to ,rome = ! accompli%m5t ( _! /udies2 z !y naturally w1 )\t ! utmo/ c>e1 take ! infecti\s turn ( ! connoisseur1 in/ead ( ! pa9t]3 & 9 proportion z !y turn by ^? means bad pr(ici5ts 9 _! own arts1 !y become ! m consid]able 9 t ( a connoisseur4 ,z a confirmation ( ?is seem+ p>adox1 x has ev] be5 obs]v'd at all auctions ( pictures1 t ! v wor/ pa9t]s sit z ! mo/ pr(\nd judges1 & are tru/$ only1 ,i suppose1 on acc\nt ( _! dis9t]e/$ness4 ,i appreh5d a good deal ( ?is w look m l res5tm5t1 & a design to invalidate ! objections ( su* z are n likely to set ! faults ( ?is "w 9 ! mo/ fav\rable light2 ?an m]ely = ! enc\ragem5t1 z 0 said above1 ( su* ( my read]s1 z are nei!r pa9t]s1 nor connoisseurs3 & ,i w be +5u\s en\gh to confess some?+ ( ?is may be true2 b1 at ! same "t1 ,i _c all[ t ?is alone w\ld h be5 a suffici5t motive to h made me risk giv+ (f5ce to any2 _h n ano!r consid]ation1 besides t already all$g'd1 ( m consequ5ce to ! purpose 9 h&1 made x necess>y4 ,i mean ! sett+ =?1 9 ! /ronge/ col\rs1 ! alt]ations objects seem+ly und]go ?r\gh ! prepossessions & prejudices contract$ by ! m9d4----,fallacies1 /rongly to be gu>d$ aga9/ by su* z w\ld le>n to see objects truly6 ,al?o' ! in/ances already giv5 are pretty flagrant1 yet x is c]ta9ly true1 7z a f>!r confirmation ( ?is1 & = ! consolation ( ^?1 :o may be a little piqu$ at :at has be5 said7 t pa9t]s ( e condition are /rong] in/ances ( ! almo/ unavoidable p[] ( prejudice1 ?an any p :atev]4 ,:at are all ! mann]s1 z !y are call'd1 ( ev5 ! greate/ ma/]s1 :i* are kn[n to diff] s mu* f "o ano!r1 & all ( !m f nature1 b s _m /rong pro(s ( _! inviolable atta*m5t to fal%ood1 conv]t$ into e/abli%'d tru? 9 _! own eyes1 by self-op9ion8 ,rub5s w\ld1 9 all probability1 h be5 z mu* disgu/$ at ! dry mann] ( ,p\ss91 z ,p\ss9 0 at ! extravagant ( ,rub5s4 ,! prejudices ( inf]ior pr(ici5ts 9 fav\r ( ! imp]fections ( _! own p]=mances1 is /ill m amaz+4----,_! eyes are s quick 9 disc]n+ ! faults ( o!rs1 at ! same "t !y are s totally bl9d to _! own6 ,inde$ x w\ld be well = u all1 if "o ( ,gulliv]'s flapp]s c\ld be plac$ at our elb[s to rem9d u at e /roke h[ mu* prejudice & self-op9ion p]v]ts our sight4 ,f :at has be5 said1 ,i hope x appe>s t ^?1 :o h no bias ( any k9d1 ei!r f _! own practice1 or ! lessons ( o!rs1 are fitte/ to exam9e into ! tru? ( ! pr9ciples laid d[n 9 ! foll[+ pages4 ,b z e "o may n h _h an opportunity ( be+ suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! in/ances1 t h be5 giv53 ,i w (f] "o ( a famili> k9d1 :i* may be a h9t = _! obs]v+ a ?\s& m4 ,h[ gradually does ! eye gr[ reconcil$ ev5 to a disagreeable dress1 z x becomes m & m ! fa%ion1 & h[ soon return to its dislike ( x1 :5 x is left (f1 & a new "o has tak5 possession ( ! m9d8--s vague is ta/e1 :5 x has no solid pr9ciples = its f\ndation6 ,not)/&+ ,i h told y my design ( consid]+ m9utely ! v>iety ( l9es1 :i* s]ve to raise ! ideas ( bodies 9 ! m9d1 & :i* are und\bt$ly to be consid]'d z drawn on ! surfaces only ( solid or opake bodies3 yet ! endeav\r+ to conceive1 z accurate an idea z is possible1 ( ! inside ( ^? surfaces1 if ,i may be all['d ! expression1 w be a great assi/ance to u 9 ! pursuance ( our pres5t enquiry4 ,9 ord] to my be+ well und]/ood1 let e object "u our consid]ation1 be imag9$ to h its inw>d cont5ts scoop'd out s nicely1 z to h no?+ ( x left b a ?9 %ell1 exactly correspond+ bo? 9 its inn] & out] surface1 to ! %ape ( ! object itself3 & let u likewise suppose ?is ?9 %ell to be made up ( v f9e ?reads1 closely connect$ toge!r1 & equally p]ceptible1 :e!r ! eye is suppos$ to obs]ve !m f )\t1 or )92 & we %all f9d ! ideas ( ! two surfaces ( ?is %ell w naturally co9cide4 ,! v ^w1 %ell1 makes u seem to see bo? surfaces alike4 ,! use ( ?is conceit1 z x may be call'd by "s1 w be se5 to be v great1 9 ! process ( ?is "w3 & ! (tn] we ?9k ( objects 9 ?is %ell-l mann]1 we %all facilitate & /r5g!n our conception ( any p>ticul> "p ( ! surface ( an object we are view+1 by acquir+ !reby a m p]fect k ( ! :ole1 to :i* x belongs3 because ! imag9ation w naturally ent] into ! vacant space )9 ?is %ell1 & !re at once1 z f a c5t]1 view ! :ole =m )91 & m>k ! opposite correspond+ p>ts s /rongly1 z to reta9 ! idea ( ! :ole1 & make u ma/]s ( ! mean+ ( e view ( ! object1 z we walk r\nd x1 & view x f )\t4 ,?us ! mo/ p]fect idea we c possibly acquire ( a sph]e1 is by conceiv+ an inf9ite numb] ( /raight rays ( equal l5g?s1 issu+ f ! c5t]1 z f ! eye1 spread+ e way alike2 & circumscrib$ or w\nd ab\t at _! o!r extremities ) close connect$ circul> ?reads1 or l9es1 =m+ a true sph]ical %ell4 ,b 9 ! common way ( tak+ ! view ( any opake object1 t "p ( its surface1 :i* fronts ! eye1 is apt to occupy ! m9d alone1 & ! opposite1 nay ev5 e o!r "p ( x :atev]1 is left un?\ght ( at t "t3 & ! lea/ motion we make to reconnoitre any o!r side ( ! object1 conf\nds our fir/ idea1 = want ( ! connexion ( ! two ideas1 :i* ! complete k ( ! :ole w\ld naturally h giv5 u1 if we _h consid]$ x 9 ! o!r way be=e4 ,ano!r advantage ( consid]+ objects ?us m]ely z %ells compos$ ( l9es1 is1 t by ^! means we obta9 ! true & full idea ( :at is call'd ! out-l9es ( a figure1 :i* has be5 conf9'd )9 too n>r[ limits1 by tak+ x only f draw+s on pap]2 = 9 ! example ( ! sph]e giv5 above1 e "o ( ! imag9>y circul> ?reads has a "r to be consid]'d z an out-l9e ( ! sph]e1 z well z ^? :i* divide ! half1 t is se51 f t :i* is n se52 & if ! eye be suppos$ to move regul>ly r\nd x1 ^! ?reads w ea* ( !m z regul>ly succe$ "o ano!r 9 ! (fice ( out-l9es1 79 ! n>r[ & limit$ s5se ( ! ^w37 & ! in/ant any "o ( ^! ?reads1 dur+ ?is motion ( ! eye1 comes into sight on "o side1 its opposite ?read is lo/1 & disappe>s on ! o!r4 ,he :o w ?us take ! pa9s ( acquir+ p]fect ideas ( ! di/ances1 be>+s1 & oppositions ( sev]al mat]ial po9ts & l9es 9 ! surfaces ( ev5 ! mo/ irregul> figures1 w gradually arrive at ! knack ( recall+ !m into 8 m9d :5 ! objects !mselves are n be=e him3 & !y w be z /rong & p]fect z ^? ( ! mo/ pla9 & regul> =ms1 su* z cubes & sph]es2 & w be ( inf9ite s]vice to ^? :o inv5t & draw f fancy1 z well z enable ^? to be m correct :o draw f ! life4 ,9 ?is mann]1 !re=e1 ,i w\ld desire ! read] to assi/ 8 imag9ation z mu* z possible1 9 consid]+ e object1 z if 8 eye 7 plac$ )9 x4 ,z /raight l9es are easily conceiv'd1 ! difficulty ( foll[+ ?is me?od 9 ! mo/ simple & regul> =ms w be less ?an may be fir/ imag9$2 & its use 9 ! m comp\nd$ w be great]3 z w be m fully %ewn :5 we come to speak ( composition4 ,b z ,fig4 #b ,l p4 ,i may be ( s+ul> use to "y design]s 9 ! /udy ( ! human =m1 ! mo/ complex & beautiful ( all1 9 %ew+ !m a me*anical way ( ga9+ ! opposite po9ts 9 its surface1 :i* nev] c be se5 9 "o & ! same view2 x w be prop] to expla9 ! design ( x 9 ?is place1 z x may at ! same "t add "s weight to :at has be5 already said4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,x repres5ts ! trunk ( a figure ca/ 9 s(t wax1 ) "o wire pass'd p]p5dicul>ly ?r\gh its c5t]1 ano!r p]p5dicul>ly to ! fir/1 go+ 9 be=e & com+ out 9 ! middle ( ! back1 & z _m m z may be ?\ght necess>y1 p>allel to & at equal di/ances f ^!1 & ea* o!r2 z is m>k'd by ! sev]al dots 9 ! figure4--,let ^! wires be s loose z to be tak5 out at pleasure1 b n be=e all ! p>ts ( !m1 :i* appe> out ( ! wax1 are c>efully pa9t$ close up to ! wax1 ( a diff]5t col\r f ^?1 t lie )9 x4 ,by ^! means ! horizontal & p]p5dicul> cont5ts ( ^! p>ts ( ! body 7by :i* ,i mean ! di/ances ( opposite po9ts 9 ! surface ( ^! p>ts7 ?r\gh :i* ! wires h pass'd1 may be exactly kn[n & comp>$ ) ea* o!r2 & ! little holes1 :]e ! wires h pi]c$ ! wax1 rema9+ on its surface1 w m>k out ! correspond+ opposite po9ts on ! ext]nal muscles ( ! body2 z well z assi/ & guide u to a readi] conception ( all ! int]v5+ p>ts4 ,^! po9ts may be m>k'd ^u a m>ble figure ) calib]s prop]ly us$4 ,! kn[n me?od1 _m ye>s made use (1 = ! m exactly & exp$iti\sly r$uc+ draw+s f l>ge pictures1 = engrav+s2 or = enl>g+ designs1 = pa9t+ ciel+s & cupolas1 7by /rik+ l9es p]p5dicul> to ea* o!r1 s z to make an equal numb] ( squ>es on ! pap] design'd = ! copy1 t ha? be5 fir/ made on ! orig9al2 by :i* means1 ! situation ( e "p ( ! picture is me*anically se51 & easily transf]r$7 may truly be said to be some:at ( ! same k9d ) :at has be5 "h propos$1 b t "o is done ^u a flat surface1 ! o!r ^u a solid2 & t ! new s*eme diff]s 9 its application1 & may be ( a mu* m useful & ext5sive nature ?an ! old "o4 ,b x is "t n[ to h done ) ! introduction3 & ,i %all proce$ to consid] ! fundam5tal pr9ciples1 :i* are g5]ally all[$ to give elegance & beauty1 :5 duly bl5d$ toge!r1 to compositions ( all k9ds :atev]2 & po9t out to my read]s1 ! p>ticul> =ce ( ea*1 9 ^? compositions 9 nature & art1 :i* seem mo/ to please & ent]ta9 ! eye1 & give t grace & beauty1 :i* is ! subject ( ?is enquiry4 ,! pr9ciples ,i mean1 are ,,fitness1 ,,v>iety1 ,,uni=mity1 ,,simplicity1 ,,intricacy & ,,quantity2----all :i* co-op]ate 9 ! production ( beauty1 mutually correct+ & re/ra9+ ea* o!r occasionally4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,,fitness4 ,fitness ( ! p>ts to ! design = :i* e individual ?+ is =m'd1 ei!r by art or nature1 is fir/ to be consid]'d1 z x is ( ! greate/ consequ5ce to ! beauty ( ! :ole4 ,?is is s evid5t1 t ev5 ! s5se ( see+1 ! great inlet ( beauty1 is itself s /rongly bias'd by x1 t if ! m9d1 on acc\nt ( ?is k9d ( value 9 a =m1 e/eem x beautiful1 ?o' on all o!r consid]ations x be n s2 ! eye gr[s ins5sible ( its want ( beauty1 & ev5 beg9s to be pleas'd1 especially aft] x has be5 a consid]able "t acqua9t$ ) x4 ,x is well kn[n on ! o!r h&1 t =ms ( great elegance (t5 disgu/ ! eye by be+ improp]ly appli$4 ,?us1 twi/$ columns are und\bt$ly ornam5tal2 b z !y convey an idea ( weakness1 !y always displease1 :5 !y are improp]ly made use ( z supports to any ?+ t is bulky1 or appe>s heavy4 ,! bulks & proportions ( objects are gov]n'd by fitness & propriety4 ,x is ?is t has e/abli%'d ! size & proportion ( *airs1 tables1 & all sorts ( ut5sils & furniture4 ,x is ?is t has fix'd ! dim5sions ( pill>s1 ar*es1 c4 = ! support ( great weight1 & s regulat$ all ! ord]s 9 ar*itecture1 z well z ! sizes ( w9d[s & doors1 c4 ,?us ?\gh a build+ 7 ev] s l>ge1 ! /eps ( ! /airs1 ! seats 9 ! w9d[s mu/ be cont9u$ ( _! usual heights1 or !y w\ld lose _! beauty ) _! fitness3 & 9 %ip-build+ ! dim5sions ( e "p are conf9'd & regulat$ by fitness = sail+4 ,:5 a vessel sails well1 ! sailors always call h] a beauty2 ! two ideas h su* a connexion6 ,! g5]al dim5sions ( ! p>ts ( ! human body are adapt$ ?us to ! uses !y are design'd =4 ,! trunk is ! mo/ capaci\s on acc\nt ( ! quantity ( its cont5ts1 & ! ?igh is l>g] ?an ! leg1 because x has bo? ! leg & foot to move1 ! leg only ! foot1 c4 ,fitness ( p>ts also con/itutes & di/+ui%es 9 a great measure ! *>act]i/ics ( objects2 z = example1 ! race-horse diff]s z mu* 9 quality1 or "*1 f ! w>-horse1 z to its figure1 z ! ,h]cules f ! ,m]cury4 ,! race-horse1 hav+ all its p>ts ( su* dim5sions z be/ fit ! purposes ( spe$1 acquires on t acc\nt a consi/5t "* ( "o sort ( beauty4 ,to illu/rate ?is1 suppose ! beautiful head & gracefully-turn'd neck ( ! w>-horse 7 plac$ on ! %\ld]s ( ! race-horse1 in/ead ( 8 own aukw>d /raight "o3 x w\ld disgu/1 & de=m1 in/ead ( add+ beauty2 because ! judgm5t w\ld condemn x z unfit4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c ,! ,h]cules1 by ,glicon ,fig4 #c p4 ,i1 ha? all its p>ts f9ely fitt$ = ! purposes ( ! utmo/ /r5g?1 ! texture ( ! human =m w be>4 ,! back1 brea/ & %\ld]s h huge bones1 & muscles adequate to ! suppos$ active /r5g? ( its upp] p>ts2 b z less /r5g? 0 requir$ = ! l[] p>ts1 ! judici\s sculptor1 contr>y to all mod]n rule ( enl>g+ e "p 9 proportion1 less5'd ! size ( ! muscles gradually d[n t[>ds ! feet2 & = ! same reason made ! neck l>g] 9 circumf]5ce ?an any "p ( ! head ,fig4 #d p4 ,i2 o!rwise ! figure w\ld h be5 burd5'd ) an unnecess>y weight1 :i* w\ld h be5 a draw-back f 8 /r5g?1 & 9 consequ5ce ( t1 f its *>act]i/ic beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d ,^! seem+ faults1 :i* %ew ! sup]ior anatomical k z well z judgm5t ( ! anci5ts1 are n to be f\nd 9 ! lead5 imitations ( x ne> ,hyde-p>k4 ,^! saturn9e g5ius's imag9'd !y knew h[ to correct su* app>5t disproportions4 ,^! few examples may be suffici5t to give an idea ( :at ,i mean 7& w\ld h und]/ood7 by ! beauty ( fitness1 or propriety4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,( ,,v>iety4 ,h[ great a %>e v>iety has 9 produc+ beauty may be se5 9 ! ornam5tal "p ( nature4 ,! %apes & col\rs ( plants1 fl[]s1 leaves1 ! pa9t+s 9 butt]flies w+s1 %ells1 c4 seem ( little o!r int5d$ use1 ?an t ( ent]ta9+ ! eye ) ! pleasure ( v>iety4 ,all ! s5ses delight 9 x1 & equally are av]se to sam5ess4 ,! e> is z mu* (f5d$ ) "o ev5 cont9u$ note1 z ! eye is ) be+ fix'd to a po9t1 or to ! view ( a dead wall4 ,yet :5 ! eye is glutt$ ) a succession ( v>iety1 x f9ds relief 9 a c]ta9 degree ( sam5ess2 & ev5 pla9 space becomes agreeable1 & prop]ly introduc$1 & contra/$ ) v>iety1 adds to x m v>iety4 ,i mean "h1 & e :]e inde$1 a compos$ v>iety2 = v>iety uncompos$1 & )\t design1 is confusion & de=mity4 ,obs]ve1 t a gradual less5+ is a k9d ( v>y+ t gives beauty4 ,! pyramid dim9i%+ f its basis to its po9t1 & ! scroll or voluta1 gradually less5+ to its c5t]1 are beautiful =ms4 ,s also objects t only seem to d s1 ?\gh 9 fact !y d n1 h equal beauty3 ?us p]spective views1 & p>ticul>ly ^? ( build+s1 are always pleas+ to ! eye4 ,! little %ip1 betwe5 figure #dg & #hh p4 ,i1 suppos'd mov+ along ! %ore ev5 ) ! eye1 might h its top & bottom b\nd$ by two l9es at equal di/ances all ! way1 z ,a2 b if ! %ip puts out to sea1 ^! l9es at top & bottom w\ld seem to v>y & meet ea* o!r by degrees1 z ,b1 9 ! po9t ,c1 :i* is 9 ! l9e :]e ! sky & wat] meets1 call'd ! horizon4 ,?us mu* ( ! mann] ( p]spectives add+ beauty1 by seem+ly v>y+ o!rwise unv>i$ =ms1 ,i ?\ght1 might be acceptable to ^?1 :o h n le>nt p]spective4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 betwe5 ,figs4 #dg & #hh ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,( ,,uni=mity1 ,,regul>ity1 or ,,symmetry4 ,x may be imag9$ t ! greate/ "p ( ! effects ( beauty results f ! symmetry ( p>ts 9 ! object1 :i* is beautiful3 b ,i am v well p]suad$1 ?is prevail+ notion w soon appe> to h little or no f\ndation4 ,x may inde$ h prop]ties ( great] consequ5ce1 su* z propriety1 fitness1 & use2 & yet b little s]ve ! purposes ( pleas+ ! eye1 m]ely on ! score ( beauty4 ,we h1 inde$1 9 our nature a love ( imitation f our infancy1 & ! eye is (t5 ent]ta9$1 z well z surpris$1 ) mimicry1 & delight$ ) ! exactness ( c\nt]p>ts3 b !n ?is always gives way to its sup]ior love ( v>iety1 & soon gr[s tiresom4 ,if ! uni=mity ( figures1 p>ts1 or l9es 7 truly ! *ief cause ( beauty1 ! m exactly uni=m _! appe>ances 7 kept1 ! m pleasure ! eye w\ld receive3 b ?is is s f> f be+ ! case1 t :5 ! m9d has be5 once satisfi$1 t ! p>ts answ] "o ano!r1 ) s exact an uni=mity1 z to pres]ve to ! :ole ! "* ( fitness to /&1 to move1 to s9k1 to swim1 to fly1 c4 )\t los+ ! balance3 ! eye is rejoic$ to see ! object turn'd1 & %ift$1 s z to v>y ^! uni=m appe>ances4 ,?us ! pr(ile ( mo/ objects1 z well z faces1 are r m pleas+ ?an _! full fronts4 ,:5ce x is cle>1 ! pleasure does n arise f see+ ! exact resemblance1 :i* "o side be>s ! o!r1 b f ! k t !y d s on acc\nt ( fitness1 ) design1 & = use4 ,= :5 ! head ( a f9e woman is turn'd a little to "o side1 :i* takes (f f ! exact simil>ity ( ! two halves ( ! face1 & some:at recl9+1 s v>y+ /ill m f ! /raight & p>allel l9es ( a =mal front face3 x is always look'd ^u z mo/ pleas+4 ,?is is accord+ly said to be a graceful air ( ! head4 ,x is a con/ant rule 9 composition 9 pa9t+ to avoid regul>ity4 ,:5 we view a build+1 or any o!r object 9 life1 we h x 9 our p[]1 by %ift+ ! gr\nd1 to take t view ( x :i* pleases u be/2 & 9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! pa9t] if he is left to 8 *oice1 takes x on ! angle r ?an 9 front1 z mo/ agreeable to ! eye2 because ! regul>ity ( ! l9es is tak5 away by _! runn+ into p]spective1 )\t los+ ! idea ( fitness3 & :5 he is ( necessity oblig$ to give ! front ( a build+1 ) all its equalities & p>allelisms1 he g5]ally breaks 7z x is t]m'd7 su* disagreeable appe>ances1 by ?r[+ a tree be=e x1 or ! %ad[ ( an imag9>y cl\d1 or "s o!r object t may answ] ! same purpose ( add+ v>iety1 :i* is ! same ) tak+ away uni=mity4 ,if uni=m objects 7 agreeable1 :y is !re su* c>e tak5 to contra/1 & v>y all ! limbs ( a /atue8 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #gb1 #f & #g ,! picture ( ,h5ry ! ,eigh? ,fig4 #gb p4 ,,ii1 w\ld be pref]able to ! f9ely contra/$ figures ( ,guido or ,correggio2 & ! ,ant9\s's easy sway ,fig4 #f p4 ,i1 mu/ submit to ! /iff & /raight figure ( ! danc+-ma/] ,fig4 #g p4 ,i2 & ! uni=m out-l9es ( ! muscles 9 ! figure ,fig4 #ee p4 ,i tak5 f ,alb]t ,dur]'s book ( proportions1 w\ld h m ta/e 9 !m ?an ^? 9 ! fam\s "p ( an antique figure ,fig4 #ed p4 ,i f :i* ,mi*ael ,angelo acquir$ s mu* ( 8 skill 9 grace4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ee & #ed ,9 %ort1 :atev] appe>s to be fit1 & prop] to answ] great purposes1 ev] satisfies ! m9d1 & pleases on t acc\nt4 ,uni=mity is ( ?is k9d4 ,we f9d x necess>y1 9 "s degree1 to give ! idea ( re/ & motion1 )\t ! possibility ( fall+4 ,b :5 any su* purposes c be z well effect$ by m irregul> p>ts1 ! eye is always bett] pleas$ on ! acc\nt ( v>iety4 ,h[ pleas+ly is ! idea ( firmness 9 /&+ convey'd to ! eye by ! ?ree elegant claws ( a table1 ! ?ree feet ( a tea-lamp1 or ! celebrat$ tripod ( ! anci5ts8 ,?us y see regul>ity1 uni=mity1 or symmetry1 please only z !y s]ve to give ! idea ( fitness4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,( ,,simplicity1 or ,,di/9ctness4 ,simplicity1 )\t v>iety1 is :olly insipid1 & at be/ does only n displease2 b :5 v>iety is jo9'd to x1 !n x pleases1 because x enhances ! pleasure ( v>iety1 by giv+ ! eye ! p[] ( enjoy+ x ) ease4 ,!re is no object compos$ ( /raight l9es1 t has s mu* v>iety1 ) s few p>ts1 z ! pyramid3 & x is its con/antly v>y+ f its base gradually upw>ds 9 e situation ( ! eye1 7)\t giv+ ! idea ( sam5ess1 z ! eye moves r\nd x7 t has made x be5 e/eem'd 9 all ages1 9 pref]5ce to ! cone1 :i* 9 all views appe>s ne>ly ! same1 be+ v>i$ only by light & %ade4 ,/eeples1 monum5ts1 & mo/ compositions 9 pa9t+ & sculpture1 are kept )9 ! =m ( ! cone or pyramid1 z ! mo/ eligible b\nd>y on acc\nt ( _! simplicity & v>iety4 ,= ! same reason eque/rian /atues please m ?an ! s+le figures4 ,! au?ors 7= !re 7 ?ree conc]n'd 9 ! "w7 ( z f9e a gr\p ( figures 9 sculpture1 z ev] 0 made1 ei!r by anci5ts or mod]ns1 7,i mean ,laocoon & 8 two sons7 *ose to be guilty ( ! absurdity ( mak+ ! sons ( half ! fa!r's size1 ?o' !y h e o!r m>k ( be+ design'd = m51 r ?an n br+ _! composition )9 ! b\nd>y ( a pyramid ,fig4 #i ,t p4 ,i4 ,?us if a judici\s workman 7 employ'd to make a case ( wood1 = pres]v+ x f ! injuries ( ! wea!r1 or = ! conv5i5ce ( c>riage2 he w\ld soon f9d by 8 eye1 ! :ole composition w\ld readily fit & be easily pack'd up1 9 "o ( a pyramidal =m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i ,/eeples1 c4 h g5]ally be5 v>i$ f ! cone1 to take (f f _! too great simplicity1 & in/ead ( _! circul> bases1 polygons ( diff]5t1 b ev5 numb]s ( sides1 h be5 sub/itut$1 ,i suppose = ! sake ( uni=mity4 ,^! =ms h[ev] may be said to h be5 *os5 by ! ar*itect1 ) a view to ! cone1 z ! :ole compositions might be b\nd$ by x4 ,yet1 9 my m9d1 odd numb]s h ! advantage ov] ! ev5 ones1 z v>iety is m pleas+ ?an uni=mity1 :]e ! same end is answ]'d by bo?2 z 9 ?is case1 :]e bo? polygons may be circumscrib'd by ! same circle1 or 9 o!r words1 bo? compositions b\nd$ by ! same cone4 ,& ,i c't help obs]v+1 t nature 9 all h] works ( fancy1 if ,i may be all['d ! expression1 :]e x seems immat]ial :e!r ev5 or odd numb]s ( divisions 7 pref]'d1 mo/ frequ5tly employs ! odd2 z = example1 9 ! ind5t+ ( leaves1 fl[]s1 blossoms1 c4 ,! oval also1 on acc\nt ( its v>iety ) simplicity1 is z mu* to be pref]'d to ! circle1 z ! triangle to ! squ>e1 or ! pyramid to ! cube2 & ?is figure less5'd at "o end1 l ! egg1 !reby be+ m v>i$1 is s+l$ out by ! au?or ( all v>iety1 to b\nd ! features ( a beautiful face4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj ,:5 ! oval has a little m ( ! cone add$ to x ?an ! egg has1 x becomes m di/9ctly a comp\nd ( ^? two mo/ simple v>i$ figures4 ,?is is ! %ape ( ! p9e-apple ,fig4 #aj ,t p4 ,i1 :i* nature has p>ticul>ly di/+ui%'d by be/[+ ornam5ts ( ri* mosaic ^u x1 compos$ ( contra/$ s]p5t9e l9es1 & ! pips ,fig4 #aa ,t p4 ,i1 z ! g>d9]s call !m1 are /ill v>i$ by two cavities & "o r\nd em95ce 9 ea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa ,c\ld a m elegant simple =m ?an ?is h be5 f\nd2 x is probable t judici\s ar*itect1 ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 w\ld n h *os5 ! p9e-apples = ! two t]m9ations ( ! sides ( ! front ( ,/4 ,paul's3 & p]haps ! globe & cross1 ?o' a f9ely v>i$ figure1 :i* t]m9ates ! dome1 w\ld n h _h ! pref]5ce ( situation1 if a religi\s motive _h n be5 ! occasion4 ,?us we see simplicity gives beauty ev5 to v>iety1 z x makes x m easily und]/ood1 & %\ld be ev] /udi$ 9 ! works ( art1 z x s]ves to prev5t p]plexity 9 =ms ( elegance2 z w be %ewn 9 ! next *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,,intricacy4 ,! active m9d is ev] b5t to be employ'd4 ,pursu+ is ! bus9ess ( our lives2 & ev5 ab/ract$ f any o!r view1 gives pleasure4 ,e aris+ difficulty1 t = a :ile att5ds & int]rupts ! pursuit1 gives a sort ( spr+ to ! m9d1 enhances ! pleasure1 & makes :at w\ld else be toil & lab\r1 become sport & recreation4 ,:]e9 w\ld consi/ ! joys ( hunt+1 %oot+1 fi%+1 & _m o!r fav\rite div]sions1 )\t ! frequ5t turns & difficulties1 & disappo9tm5ts1 t are daily met ) 9 ! pursuit8--h[ joyless does ! sportsman return :5 ! h>e has n _h fair play8 h[ lively1 & 9 spirits1 ev5 :5 an old cunn+ "o has baffl$1 & out-run ! dogs6 ,?is love ( pursuit1 m]ely z pursuit1 is implant$ 9 our natures1 & design'd1 no d\bt1 = necess>y1 & useful purposes4 ,animals h x evid5tly by in/9ct4 ,! h\nd dislikes ! game he s eag]ly pursues2 & ev5 cats w risk ! los+ ( _! prey to *ase x ov] aga94 ,x is a pleas+ lab\r ( ! m9d to solve ! mo/ difficult problems2 allegories & riddles1 trifl+ z !y are1 af=d ! m9d amusem5t3 & ) :at delight does x foll[ ! well-connect$ ?read ( a play1 or novel1 :i* ev] increases z ! plot ?ick5s1 & ends mo/ pleas'd1 :5 t is mo/ di/9ctly unravell'd8 ,! eye ha? ?is sort ( enjoym5t 9 w9d+ walks1 & s]p5t9e riv]s1 & all sorts ( objects1 ^: =ms1 z we %all see h]eaft]1 are compos$ pr9cipally ( :at1 ,i call1 ! wav+ & s]p5t9e l9es4 ,intricacy 9 =m1 !re=e1 ,i %all def9e to be t peculi>ity 9 ! l9es1 :i* compose x1 t leads ! eye a wanton k9d ( *ace1 & f ! pleasure t gives ! m9d1 intitles x to ! "n ( beautiful3 & x may be ju/ly said1 t ! cause ( ! idea ( grace m imm$iately resides 9 ?is pr9ciple1 ?an 9 ! o!r five1 except v>iety2 :i* inde$ includes ?is1 & all ! o!rs4 ,t ?is obs]vation may appe> to h a real f\ndation 9 nature1 e help w be requir'd1 :i* ! read] himself c call to 8 assi/ance1 z well z :at w "h be sugge/$ to him4 ,to set ?is matt] 9 some:at a cle>] light1 ! famili> in/ance ( a common jack1 ) a circul> fly1 may s]ve our purpose bett] ?an a m elegant =m3 prep>atory to :i*1 let ! figure ,fig4 #ad ,t p4 ,i be consid]'d1 :i* repres5ts ! eye1 at a common read+ di/ance view+ a r[ ( lett]s1 b fix'd ) mo/ att5tion to ! middle lett] ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad ,n[ z we read1 a ray may be suppos$ to be drawn f ! c5t] ( ! eye to t lett] x looks at fir/1 & to move successively ) x f lett] to lett]1 ! :ole l5g? ( ! l9e3 b if ! eye /ops at any p>ticul> lett]1 ,a1 to obs]ve x m ?an ! re/1 ^! o!r lett]s w gr[ m & m imp]fect to ! sight1 ! f>!r !y are situat$ on ei!r side ( ,a1 z is express'd 9 ! figure3 & :5 we endeav\r to see all ! lett]s 9 a l9e equally p]fect at "o view1 z x 71 ?is imag9>y ray mu/ c\rse x to & fro ) great cel]ity4 ,?us ?\gh ! eye1 /rictly speak+1 c only pay due att5tion to ^! lett]s 9 succession1 yet ! amaz+ ease & swiftness1 ) :i* x p]=ms ?is task1 enables u to see consid]able spaces ) suffici5t satisfaction at "o sudd5 view4 ,h5ce1 we %all always suppose "s su* pr9cipal ray mov+ along ) ! eye1 & trac+ out ! p>ts ( e =m1 we mean to exam9e 9 ! mo/ p]fect mann]3 & :5 we w\ld foll[ ) exactness ! c\rse any body takes1 t is 9 motion1 ?is ray is always to be suppos$ to move ) ! body4 ,9 ?is mann] ( att5d+ to =ms1 !y w be f\nd1 :e!r at re/1 or 9 motion1 to give movem5t to ?is imag9>y ray2 or1 m prop]ly speak+1 to ! eye itself1 affect+ x !reby m or less pleas+ly1 accord+ to _! diff]5t %apes & motions4 ,?us1 = example1 9 ! in/ance ( ! jack1 :e!r ! eye 7) ?is imag9>y ray7 moves sl[ly d[n ! l9e1 to :i* ! weight is fix'd1 or att5ds to ! sl[ motion ( ! weight itself1 ! m9d is equally fatigu'd3 & :e!r x swiftly c\rses r\nd ! circul> rim ( ! fly]1 :5 ! jack /&s2 or nimbly foll[s "o po9t 9 its circul>ity :il/ x is :irl+ ab\t1 we are almo/ equally made giddy by x4 ,b our s5sation diff]s mu* f ei!r ( ^! unpleasant ones1 :5 we obs]ve ! curl+ worm1 into :i* ! worm-:eel is fixt ,fig4 #ae ,l p4 ,i3 = ?is is always pleas+1 ei!r at re/ or 9 motion1 & :e!r t motion is sl[ or quick4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae ,t x is acc\nt$ s1 :5 x is at re/1 appe>s by ! ribbon1 twi/$ r\nd a /ick 7repres5t$ on "o side ( ?is figure7 :i* has be5 a long-e/abli%'d ornam5t 9 ! c>v+s ( frames1 *imney-pieces1 & door-cases2 & call'd by ! c>v]s1 ! /ick & ribbon ornam5t3 & :5 ! /ick1 ?r\gh ! middle is omitt$1 x is call'd ! ribbon edge2 bo? to be se5 9 almo/ e h\se ( fa%ion4 ,b ! pleasure x gives ! eye is /ill m lively :5 9 motion4 ,i nev] c =get my frequ5t /rong att5tion to x1 :5 ,i 0 v "y1 & t its beguil+ movem5t gave me ! same k9d ( s5sation !n1 :i* ,i s9ce h felt at see+ a c\ntry-dance2 ?o' p]haps ! latt] might be some:at m engag+2 p>ticul>ly :5 my eye eag]ly pursu$ a fav\rite danc]1 ?r\gh all ! w9d+s ( ! figure1 :o !n 0 bewit*+ to ! sight1 z ! imag9>y ray1 we 7 speak+ (1 0 danc+ ) h] all ! "t4 ,?is s+le example might be suffici5t to expla9 :at ,i mean by ! beauty ( a compos$ intricacy ( =m2 & h[ x may be said1 ) propriety1 to lead ! eye a k9d ( *ace4 ,b ! hair ( ! head is ano!r v obvi\s in/ance1 :i*1 be+ design'd *iefly z an ornam5t1 proves m or less s1 accord+ to ! =m x naturally takes1 or is put into by art4 ,! mo/ amiable 9 itself is ! fl[+ curl2 & ! _m wav+ & contra/$ turns ( naturally int]m+l+ locks ravi% ! eye ) ! pleasure ( ! pursuit1 especially :5 !y are put 9 motion by a g5tle breeze4 ,! poet kn[s x1 z well z ! pa9t]1 & has describ$ ! wanton r+lets wav+ 9 ! w9d4 ,& yet to %ew h[ excess ought to be avoid$ 9 intricacy1 z well z 9 e o!r pr9ciple1 ! v same head ( hair1 wisp'd1 & matt$ toge!r1 w\ld make ! mo/ disagreeable figure2 because ! eye w\ld be p]plex'd1 & at a fault1 & unable to trace su* a confus$ numb] ( uncompos$ & entangl$ l9es2 & yet not)/&+ ?is1 ! pres5t fa%ion ! ladies h gone into1 ( we>+ a "p ( ! hair ( _! heads braid$ toge!r f beh9d1 l int]twi/$ s]p5ts1 aris+ ?icke/ f ! bottom1 less5+ z x is br\ght =w>d1 & naturally con=m+ to ! %ape ( ! re/ ( ! hair x is p9'd ov]1 is extremely picturesque4 ,_! ?us int]lac+ ! hair 9 di/9ct v>i$ quantities is an artful way ( pres]v+ z mu* ( intricacy1 z is beautiful4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,,quantity4 ,=ms ( magnitude1 al?\gh ill-%ap$1 w h[ev]1 on acc\nt ( _! va/ness1 draw our att5tion & raise our admiration4 ,huge %apeless rocks h a pleas+ k9d ( horror 9 !m1 & ! wide ocean awes u ) its va/ cont5ts2 b :5 =ms ( beauty are pres5t$ to ! eye 9 l>ge quantities1 ! pleasure increases on ! m9d1 & horror is s(t5'd into rev]5ce4 ,h[ solemn & pleas+ are groves ( high gr[n trees1 great *ur*es1 & palaces8 has n ev5 a s+le spread+ oak1 gr[n to maturity1 acquir'd ! "* ( ! v5]able oak8 ,w9dsor ca/le is a noble in/ance ( ! effect ( quantity4 ,! hug5ess ( its few di/9ct p>ts /rikes ! eye ) uncommon gr&eur at a di/ance1 z well z nigh4 ,x is quantity1 ) simplicity1 :i* makes x "o ( ! f9e/ objects 9 ! k+dom1 ?o' void ( any regul> ord] ( ar*itecture4 ,! ,faade ( ! old ,l\vre at ,p>is is also rem>kable = its quantity4 ,?is fragm5t is all['d to be ! f9e/ piece ( build+ 9 ,france1 ?o' !re are _m equal1 if n sup]ior1 to x 9 all o!r respects1 except t ( quantity4 ,:o does n feel a pleasure :5 he pictures 9 8 m9d ! imm5se build+s :i* once adorn'd ! l[] ,egypt1 by imag9+ ! :ole complete1 & ornam5t$ ) colossal /atues8 ,elephants & :ales please u ) _! unwieldy greatness4 ,ev5 l>ge p]sonages1 m]ely = be+ s1 comm& respect3 nay1 quantity is an addition to ! p]son :i* (t5 supplies a defici5cy 9 8 figure4 ,! robes ( /ate are always made l>ge & full1 because !y give a gr&eur ( appe>ance1 suitable to ! (fices ( ! greate/ di/9ction4 ,! judge's robes h an awful dignity giv5 !m by ! quantity ( _! cont5ts1 & :5 ! tra9 is held up1 !re is a noble wav+ l9e desc5d+ f ! %\ld]s ( ! judge to ! h& ( 8 tra9-be>]4 ,s :5 ! tra9 is g5tly ?r[n aside1 x g5]ally falls into a great v>iety ( folds1 :i* aga9 employ ! eye1 & fix its att5tion4 ,! gr&eur ( ! ,ea/]n dress1 :i* s f> surpasses ! ,european1 dep5ds z mu* on quantity z on co/l9ess4 ,9 a ^w1 x is quantity :i* adds greatness to grace4 ,b !n excess is to be avoid$1 or quantity w become clumsy1 heavy1 or ridicul\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af ,! full-bottom wig1 l ! lion's mane1 ha? some?+ noble 9 x1 & adds n only dignity1 b sagacity to ! c\nt5ance fig4 #af p4 ,i3 b 7 x to be worn z l>ge aga91 x w\ld become a burlesque2 or 7 an improp] p]son to put x on1 x w\ld !n too be ridicul\s4 ,:5 improp]1 or incompatible excesses meet1 !y always excite laught]2 m especially :5 ! =ms ( ^? excesses are inelegant1 t is1 :5 !y are compos$ ( unv>i$ l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ag & #ah ,= example1 ! figure ref]'d to 9 ! m>g9 ,fig4 #ag p4 ,i1 repres5ts a fat gr[n face ( a man1 ) an infant's cap on1 & ! re/ ( ! *ild's dress /uff'd1 & s well plac$ "u 8 *91 z to seem to belong to t face4 ,?is is a contrivance ,i h se5 at ,b>?olomew-fair1 & always occasion'd a ro> ( laught]4 ,! next ,fig4 #ah p4 ,i is ( ! same k9d1 a *ild ) a man's wig & cap on4 ,9 ^! y see ! ideas ( y\? & age jumbl$ toge!r1 9 =ms )\t beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai ,s a ,roman g5]al ,fig4 #ai p4 ,i1 dress'd by a mod]n tailor & p]uke-mak]1 = trag$y1 is a comic figure4----,! dresses ( ! times are mix'd1 & ! l9es :i* compose !m are /raight or only r\nd4 ,danc+-ma/]s1 repres5t+ deities1 9 _! gr& ballets on ! /age1 are no less ridicul\s4 ,see ! ,jupit] ,fig4 #bj p4 ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj ,nev]!less cu/om & fa%ion w1 9 l5g? ( "t1 reconcile almo/ e absurdity :atev]1 to ! eye1 or make x ov]-look'd4 ,x is f ! same jo9+ ( opposite ideas t makes u laugh at ! owl & ! ass1 = "u _! aukw>d =ms1 !y seem to be gravely mus+ & m$itat+1 z if !y _h ! s5se ( human be+s4 ,a monkey too ^: figure1 z well z mo/ ( 8 actions1 s odly resembles ! human1 is also v comical2 & he becomes m s :5 a coat is put on him1 z he !n becomes a great] burlesque on ! man4 ,!re is some?+ extremely odd & comical 9 ! r\gh %ock dog4 ,! ideas "h connect$ are ! inelegant & inanimate figure ( a ?rum mop1 or muff1 & t ( a s5sible1 fri5dly animal2 :i* is z mu* a burlesque ( ! dog1 z ! monkey :5 8 coat is on1 is ( ! man4 ,:at c x be b ?is inelegance ( ! figure1 jo9'd ) impropriety1 t makes a :ole audi5ce bur/ into laught]1 :5 !y see ! mill]'s sack1 9 ,dr4 ,fau/us1 jump+ across ! /age8 0 a well-%ap'd vase to d ! same1 x w\ld equally surprise1 b n make e body laugh1 because ! elegance ( ! =m w\ld prev5t x4 ,= :5 ! =ms1 ?us jo9'd toge!r1 are ea* ( !m elegant1 & compos$ ( agreeable l9es1 !y w be s f> f mak+ u laugh1 t !y w become ent]ta9+ to ! imag9ation1 z well z pleas+ to ! eye4 ,! sph9x & sir5 h be5 admir$ & acc\nt$ ornam5tal 9 all ages4 ,! =m] repres5ts /r5g? & beauty jo9'd2 ! latt]1 beauty & swiftness1 9 pleas+ & graceful =ms4 ,! griff91 a mod]n hi]oglyphic1 signify+ /r5g? & swiftness1 unit$ 9 ! two noble =ms ( ! lion & eagle1 is a gr& object4 ,s ! antique c5taur ha? a savage greatness z well z beauty4 ,^! may be said to be mon/]s1 x's true1 b !n !y convey su* noble ideas1 & h su* elegance 9 _! =ms z greatly comp5sates = _! be+ unnaturally jo9'd toge!r4 ,i %all m5tion b "o m in/ance ( ?is sort1 & t ! mo/ extraord9>y ( all1 :i* is an infant's head ( ab\t two ye>s old1 ) a pair ( duck's-w+s plac$ "u its *91 suppos$ always to be fly+ ab\t1 & s++ psalms ,fig4 #bb ,r p4 ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb ,a pa9t]'s repres5tation ( heav5 w\ld be no?+ )\t sw>ms ( ^! little inconsi/5t objects1 fly+ ab\t1 or p]*+ on ! cl\ds2 & yet !re is some?+ s agreeable 9 _! =m1 t ! eye is reconcil$ & ov]looks ! absurdity1 & we f9d !m 9 ! c>v+ & pa9t+ ( almo/ e *ur*4 ,/4 ,paul's is full ( !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,z ! =ego+ pr9ciples are ! v gr\nd "w ( :at is to foll[2 we w1 9 ord] to make !m ! m famili> to u1 j speak ( !m 9 ! way !y are daily put 9 practice1 & may be se51 9 e dress t is worn2 & we %all f9d n only t ladies ( fa%ion1 b t wom5 ( e rank1 :o are said to dress prettily1 h kn[n _! =ce1 )\t consid]+ !m z pr9ciples4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i4 ,fitness is fir/ consid]$ by !m1 z kn[+ t _! dresses %\ld be useful1 commodi\s1 & fitt$ to _! diff]5t ages2 or ri*1 airy1 & loose1 agreeable to ! "* !y w\ld give out to ! public by _! dress4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ii4 ,uni=mity is *iefly compli$ ) 9 dress on acc\nt ( fitness1 & seems to be ext5d$ n mu* f>!r ?an dress+ bo? arms alike1 & hav+ ! %oes ( ! same col\r4 ,= :5 any "p ( dress has n ! excuse ( fitness or propriety = its uni=mity ( p>ts1 ! ladies always call x =mal4 ,= :i* reason1 :5 !y are at lib]ty to make :at %apes !y please 9 ornam5t+ _! p]sons1 ^? ( ! be/ ta/e *oose ! irregul> z ! m engag+3 = example1 no two pat*es are ev] *os5 ( ! same size1 or plac$ at ! same height2 nor a s+le "o 9 ! middle ( a feature1 unless x be to hide a blemi%4 ,s a s+le fea!r1 fl[]1 or jewel is g5]ally plac$ on "o side ( ! head2 or if ev] put 9 front1 x is turn'd awry to avoid =mality4 ,x 0 once ! fa%ion to h two curls ( equal size1 /uck at ! same height close ^u ! =ehead1 :i* probably took its rise f see+ ! pretty effect ( curls fall+ loosely ov] ! face4 ,a lock ( hair fall+ ?us cross ! temples1 & by t means break+ ! regul>ity ( ! oval1 has an effect too allur+ to be /rictly dec5t1 z is v well kn[n to ! loose & l[e/ class ( wom53 b be+ pair'd 9 s /iff a mann]1 z !y =m]ly 71 !y lo/ ! desir$ effect1 & ill des]v'd ! "n ( fav\rites4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iii4 ,v>iety 9 dress1 bo? z to col\r & =m1 is ! con/ant /udy ( ! "y & gay----,b !n1 99 99 99 99 99 ,,iv4 ,t taudr9ess may n de/roy ! prop] effect ( v>iety1 simplicity is call'd 9 to re/ra9 its sup]fluities1 & is (t5 v artfully made use ( to set native beauty (f to m advantage4 ,i h n kn[n any set ( p1 t h m excell'd 9 ?is pr9ciple ( simplicity1 or pla9ness1 ?an ! ,quak]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,v4 ,quantity1 or fulness 9 dress has ev] be5 a d>l+ pr9ciple2 s t sometimes ^? p>ts ( dress1 :i* w\ld prop]ly admit ( be+ ext5d$ to a great degree1 h be5 c>ri$ into su* /range excesses1 t 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe? a law 0 made to put a /op to ! gr[? ( ruffs3 nor is ! enorm\s size ( ! hoops at pres5t1 a less suffici5t pro( ( ! extraord9>y love ( quantity 9 dress1 beyond t ( conv5i5ce or elegance4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,vi4 ,! beauty ( intricacy lies 9 contriv+ w9d+ %apes1 su* z ! antique lappets belong+ to ! head ( ! sph9x ,fig4 #ba p4 ,i1 or z ! mod]n lappet :5 x is br\ght be=e4 ,e "p ( dress1 t w admit ( ! application ( ?is pr9ciple1 has an air 7z x is t]m'd7 giv5 to x !reby2 & al?o' x requires dext]ity & a ta/e to execute ^! w9d+s well1 we f9d !m daily practis$ ) success4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba ,?is pr9ciple also recomm5ds mode/y 9 dress1 to keep up our expectations1 & n suff] !m to be too soon gratifi$4 ,!re=e ! body & limbs %\ld all be cov]'d1 & little m ?an c]ta9 h9ts be giv5 ( !m ?ro' ! cloa?+4 ,! face inde$ w be> a con/ant view1 yet always ent]ta9 & keep our curiosity awake1 )\t ! assi/ance ei!r ( a mask1 or veil2 because va/ v>iety ( *ang+ circum/ances keeps ! eye & ! m9d 9 con/ant play1 9 foll[+ ! numb]less turns ( expression x is capable (4 ,h[ soon does a face t wants expression gr[ insipid1 ?o' x be ev] s pretty8--,! re/ ( ! body1 n hav+ ^! advantages 9 common ) ! face1 w\ld soon satiate ! eye1 7 x to be z con/antly expos$1 nor w\ld x h m effect ?an a m>ble /atue4 ,b :5 x is artfully cloa?'d & decorat$1 ! m9d at e turn resumes its imag9>y pursuits conc]n+ x4 ,?us1 if ,i may be all['d a simile1 ! angl] *ooses n to see ! fi% he angles =1 until x is fairly caught4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,,l9es4 ,x may be rememb]'d t 9 ! introduction1 ! read] is desir$ to consid] ! surfaces ( objects z s _m %ells ( l9es1 closely connect$ toge!r1 :i* idea ( !m x w n[ be prop] to call to m9d1 = ! bett] compreh5d+ n only ?is1 b all ! foll[+ *apt]s on composition4 ,! con/ant use made ( l9es by ma!maticians1 z well z pa9t]s1 9 describ+ ?+s ^u pap]1 ha? e/abli%'d a conception ( !m1 z if actually exi/+ on ! real =ms !mselves4 ,?is likewise we suppose1 & %all set out ) say+ 9 g5]al--,t ! /raight l9e1 & ! circul> l9e1 toge!r ) _! diff]5t comb9ations1 & v>iations1 c4 b\nd1 & circumscribe all visible objects :atsoev]1 !reby produc+ su* endless v>iety ( =ms1 z lays u "u ! necessity ( divid+1 & di/+ui%+ !m into g5]al classes2 leav+ ! int]v5+ mixtures ( appe>ances to ! read]'s own f>!r obs]vation4 ,fir/1 ,fig4 #bc ,t p4 ,i objects compos$ ( /raight l9es only1 z ! cube1 or ( circul> l9es1 z ! sph]e1 or ( bo? toge!r1 z cyl9d]s & cones1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc ,secondly1 ,fig4 #bd ,t p4 ,i ^? compos$ ( /raight l9es1 circul> l9es1 & ( l9es p>tly /raight1 & p>tly circul>1 z ! capitals ( columns1 & vases1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd ,?irdly1 ,fig4 #be ,t p4 ,i ^? compos$ ( all ! =m] toge!r ) an addition ( ! wav+ l9e1 :i* is a l9e m productive ( beauty ?an any ( ! =m]1 z 9 fl[]s1 & o!r =ms ( ! ornam5tal k9d3 = :i* reason we %all call x ! l9e ( beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be ,f\r?ly1 ,fig4 #bf ,t p4 ,i ^? compos$ ( all ! =m] toge!r ) ! s]p5t9e l9e1 z ! human =m1 :i* l9e ha? ! p[] ( sup]-add+ grace to beauty4 ,note1 =ms ( mo/ grace h lea/ ( ! /raight l9e 9 !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf ,x is to be obs]v$1 t /raight l9es v>y only 9 l5g?1 & !re=e are lea/ ornam5tal4 ,t curv$ l9es z !y c be v>i$ 9 _! degrees ( curvature z well z 9 _! l5g?s1 beg9 on t acc\nt to be ornam5tal4 ,t /raight & curv'd l9es jo9'd1 be+ a comp\nd l9e1 v>y m ?an curves alone1 & s become some:at m ornam5tal4 ,t ! wav+ l9e1 or l9e ( beauty1 v>y+ /ill m1 be+ compos$ ( two curves contra/$1 becomes /ill m ornam5tal & pleas+1 insomu* t ! h& takes a lively movem5t 9 mak+ x ) p5 or p5cil4 ,& t ! s]p5t9e l9e1 by its wav+ & w9d+ at ! same "t diff]5t ways1 leads ! eye 9 a pleas+ mann] along ! cont9uity ( its v>iety1 if ,i may be all[$ ! expression2 & :i* by its twi/+ s _m diff]5t ways1 may be said to inclose 7?o' b a s+le l9e7 v>i$ cont5ts2 & !re=e all its v>iety _c be express'd on pap] by "o cont9u$ l9e1 )\t ! assi/ance ( ! imag9ation1 or ! help ( a figure2 see ,fig4 #bf ,t p4 ,i :]e t sort ( proportion'd1 w9d+ l9e1 :i* w h]eaft] be call'd ! precise s]p5t9e l9e1 or l9e ( grace1 is repres5t$ by a f9e wire1 prop]ly twi/$ r\nd ! elegant & v>i$ figure ( a cone4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( :at sort ( ,,p>ts1 & h[ ,,pleas+ ,,=ms are compos$4 ,?us f> hav+ endeav\r$ to op5 z l>ge an idea z possible ( ! p[] ( v>iety1 by hav+ p>tly %ewn t ^? l9es :i* h mo/ v>iety 9 !mselves1 contribute mo/ t[>ds ! production ( beauty2 we w next %ew h[ l9es may be put toge!r1 s z to make pleas+ figures or compositions4 ,9 ord] to be z cle> z possible1 we w give a few examples ( ! mo/ famili> & easy sort1 & let !m s]ve z a clue to be pursu$ 9 ! imag9ation3 ,i say 9 ! imag9ation *iefly1 = ! foll[+ me?od is n meant always to be put 9 practice1 or foll['d 9 e case1 = inde$ t c\ld h>dly be1 & 9 "s x w\ld be ridicul\sly los+ "t if x c\ld----,yet !re may be cases :]e x may be necess>y to foll[ ?is me?od m9utely2 z = example1 9 ar*itecture4 ,i am ?or\ghly conv9c'd 9 myself1 h[ev] x may />tle "s1 t a completely new & h>moni\s ord] ( ar*itecture 9 all its p>ts1 might be produc$ by ! foll[+ me?od ( compos+1 b h>dly ) c]ta9ty )\t x2 & ?is ,i am ! m apt to believe1 z ^u ! /ricte/ exam9ation1 ^? f\r ord]s ( ! anci5ts1 :i* are s well e/abli%$ = beauty & true proportion1 p]fectly agree ) ! s*eme we %all n[ lay d[n4 ,?is way ( compos+ pleas+ =ms1 is to be accompli%$ by mak+ *oice ( v>iety ( l9es1 z to _! %apes & dim5sions2 & !n aga9 by v>y+ _! situations ) ea* o!r1 by all ! diff]5t ways t c be conceiv$3 & at ! same "t 7if a solid figure be ! subject ( ! composition7 ! cont5ts or space t is to be inclos$ )9 ^? l9es1 mu/ be duly consid]'d & v>y'd too1 z mu* z possible1 ) propriety4 ,9 a ^w1 x may be said1 ! art ( compos+ well is ! art ( v>y+ well4 ,x is n expect$ t ?is %\ld at fir/ be p]fectly compreh5d$1 yet ,i believe x w be made suffici5tly cle> by ! help ( ! examples foll[+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bi ,! figure ,fig4 #bi ,t p4 ,i1 repres5ts ! simple & pleas+ figure ( a bell2 ?is %ell1 z we may call x1 is compos$ ( wav+ l9es1 encompass+1 or b\nd+ )9 x1 ! v>i$ space m>k$ ) dott$ l9es3 "h y see ! v>iety ( ! space )9 is equal to ! beauty ( its =m )\t1 & if ! space1 or cont5ts1 7 to be m v>i$1 ! outw>d =m w\ld h /ill m beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #cj1 #ca & #cb ,z a pro(1 see a composition ( m p>ts1 & a way by :i* ^? p>ts may be put toge!r by a c]ta9 me?od ( v>y+3 i4 e4 h[ ! "o half ( ! socket ( ! c&le/ick ,a ,fig4 #cj ,t p4 ,i1 may be v>i$ z ! o!r half ,b4 ,let a conv5i5t & fit height be fir/ giv5 = a c&le/ick1 z ,fig4 #ca ,t p4 ,i1 !n let ! necess>y size ( ! socket be det]m9$1 z at 7a7 ,fig4 #cb aft] :i*1 9 ord] to give x a bett] =m1 let e di/ance or l5g? ( divisions diff] f ! l5g? ( ! socket1 z also v>y 9 _! di/ances f ea* o!r1 z is se5 by ! po9ts on ! l9e "u ! socket 7a72 t is let any two po9ts1 signify+ di/ance1 be plac'd f>!/ f any o!r two ne> po9ts1 obs]v+ always t !re %\ld be "o di/ance or "p l>g] ?an all ! re/2 & y w readily see t v>iety c\ld n be s complete )\t x4--,9 l mann]1 let ! horizontal di/ances 7always keep+ )9 ! b\nds ( fitness7 be v>i$ bo? z to di/ances & situations1 z on ! opposite side ( ! same figure 7b72 !n unite & jo9 all ! sev]al di/ances into a complete %ell1 by apply+ sev]al p>ts ( curves & /raight l9es2 v>y+ !m also by mak+ !m ( diff]5t sizes1 z 7c73 & apply !m z at 7d7 9 ! same figure1 & y h ! c&le/ick ,fig4 #cc ,t p4 ,i1 & ) /ill m v>iations on ! o!r side4 ,if y divide ! c&le/ick into _m m p>ts1 x w appe> cr\d$1 z ,fig4 #cd ,t p4 ,i x w want di/9ctness ( =m on a ne> view1 & lose ! effect ( v>iety at a di/ance3 ?is ! eye w easily di/+ui% on remov+ pretty f> f x4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #cc & #cd ,simplicity 9 composition1 or di/9ctness ( p>ts1 is ev] to be att5d$ to1 z x is "o "p ( beauty1 z has be5 already said3 b t :at ,i mean by di/9ctness ( p>ts 9 ?is place1 may be bett] und]/ood1 x w be prop] to expla9 x by an example4 ,:5 y w\ld compose an object ( a great v>iety ( p>ts1 let sev]al ( ^? p>ts be di/+ui%'d by !mselves1 by _! rem>kable diff]5ce f ! next adjo9+1 s z to make ea* ( !m1 z x 71 "o well-%ap'd quantity or "p1 z is m>k$ by ! dott$ l9es 9 figure #ce ,t p4 ,i 7^! are l :at !y call passages 9 music1 & 9 writ+ p>agraphs7 by :i* means1 n only ! :ole1 b ev5 e "p1 w be bett] und]/ood by ! eye3 = confusion w h]eby be avoid$ :5 ! object is se5 ne>1 & ! %apes w seem well v>i$1 ?o' few] 9 numb]1 at a di/ance2 z figure #cf p4 ,i suppos$ to be ! same z ! =m]1 b remov$ s f> (f t ! eye loses sight ( ! small] memb]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ce & #cf ,! p>sley-leaf ,fig4 #cg ,t p4 ,i1 9 l mann]1 f :5ce a beautiful foliage 9 ornam5t 0 orig9ally tak51 is divid$ into ?ree di/9ct passages2 :i* are aga9 divid$ into o!r odd numb]s2 & ?is me?od is obs]v'd1 = ! g5]ality1 9 ! leaves ( all plants & fl[]s1 ! mo/ simple ( :i* are ! trefoil & c9quefoil4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cg ,light & %ade1 & col\rs1 also mu/ h _! di/9ctness to make objects completely beautiful3 b ( ^! 9 _! prop] places----only ,i w give y a g5]al idea ( :at is "h meant by ! beauty ( di/9ctness ( =ms1 lights1 %ades1 & col\rs1 by putt+ y 9 m9d ( ! rev]se effects 9 all !m toge!r4 ,obs]ve ! well-compos$ nosegay h[ x loses all its di/9ctness :5 x dies2 ea* leaf & fl[] !n %rivels & loses its di/9ct %ape2 & ! firm col\rs fade into a k9d ( sam5ess3 s t ! :ole gradually becomes a confus$ heap4 ,if ! g5]al p>ts ( objects are pres]v'd l>ge at fir/1 !y w always admit ( f>!r enri*m5ts ( a small k9d1 b !n !y mu/ be s small z n to conf\nd ! g5]al masses or quantities4--?us y see v>iety is a *eck ^u itself :5 ov]done1 :i* ( c\rse begets :at is call'd a petit ta/e & a confusion to ! eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ch & #ci ,x w n be amiss next to %ew :at effects an object or two w h t are put toge!r )\t1 or contr>y to ^! rules ( compos+ v>iety4 ,figure #ch ,l p4 ,i1 is tak5 f "o ( ^? bran*es fixt to ! sides ( common old-fa%ion'd /ove-grates by way ( ornam5t1 :]e9 y see h[ ! p>ts h be5 v>i$ by fancy only1 & yet pretty well3 close to :i* ,fig4 #ci ,l p4 ,i is ano!r1 ) ab\t ! l numb] ( p>ts2 b z ! %apes1 nei!r are en\gh v>i$ z to _! cont5ts1 nor 9 _! situations ) ea* o!r1 b "o %ape foll[s its exact lik5ess3 x is !re=e a disagreeable & ta/eless figure1 & = ! same reason ! c&le/ick1 fig4 #dj ,t p4 ,i is /ill worse1 z !re is less v>iety 9 x4 ,nay1 x w\ld be bett] to be q pla91 z figure #da ,t p4 ,i1 ?an ) su* poor attempts at ornam5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #dj1 #da & #db ,^! few examples1 well und]/ood1 w1 ,i imag9e1 be suffici5t to put :at 0 said at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt] out ( all d\bt1 viz4 t ! art ( compos+ well is no m ?an ! art ( v>y+ well2 & to %ew1 t ! me?od :i* has be5 "h expla9'd1 mu/ consequ5tly produce a pleas+ proportion among/ ! p>ts2 z well z t all deviations f x w produce ! contr>y4 ,yet to /r5g!n ?is latt] ass]tion1 let ! foll[+ figures1 tak5 f ! life1 be exam9'd by ! above rules = compos+1 & x w be f\nd t ! ,indian-fig or tor*-?i/le1 figure #db ,t p4 ,i1 z well z all t tribe ( unc\? %ap$ exotics1 h ! same reasons = be+ ugly1 z ! c&le/ick1 fig4 #dj2 z also t ! beauties ( ! ,lily ,fig4 #dc ,t p4 ,i & ! calcidonian ,iris ,fig4 #dd ,t p4 ,i proce$s f _! be+ compos$ ) great v>iety1 & t ! loss ( v>iety1 to a c]ta9 degree1 9 ! imitations ( ^? fl[]s und]nea? !m 7fig4 #de & #df7 is ! cause ( ! meanness ( _! %apes1 ?o' !y reta9 en\gh to be call'd by ! same names4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #dc & #dd ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #de & #df ,hi!rto1 ) reg>d to composition1 little else b =ms made up ( /raight & curv'd l9es h be5 spok5 (1 & ?\gh ^! l9es h b little v>iety 9 !mselves1 yet by reason ( ! great div]sifications t !y are capable ( 9 be+ jo9'd ) "o ano!r2 great v>iety ( beauty ( ! m useful sort is produc$ by !m1 z 9 necess>y ut5sils & build+3 b 9 my op9ion1 build+s z ,i be=e h9t$1 might be mu* m v>i$ ?an !y are1 = aft] fitness ha? be5 /rictly & me*anically compli$ )1 any additional ornam5tal memb]s1 or p>ts1 may1 by ! =ego+ rules1 be v>i$ ) equal elegance2 nor c ,i help ?9k+1 b t *ur*es1 palaces1 hospitals1 prisons1 common h\ses & summ] h\ses1 might be built m 9 di/9ct *>act]s ?an !y are1 by contriv+ ord]s suitable to ea*2 :]eas 7 a mod]n ar*itect to build a palace 9 ,lapl&1 or ! ,we/-,indies1 ,paladio mu/ be 8 guide1 nor w\ld he d>e to /ir a /ep )\t 8 book4 ,h n _m go?ic build+s a great deal ( consi/5t beauty 9 !m8 p]haps acquir$ by a s]ies ( improvem5ts made f "t to "t by ! natural p]suasion ( ! eye1 :i* (t5 v ne> answ]s ! end ( work+ by pr9ciples2 & sometimes begets !m4 ,!re is at pres5t su* a ?ir/ aft] v>iety1 t ev5 paltry imitations ( ,*9ese build+s h a k9d ( vogue1 *iefly on acc\nt ( _! novelty3 b n only ^!1 b any o!r new-inv5t$ *>act]s ( build+ might be regulat$ by prop] pr9ciples4 ,! m]e ornam5ts ( build+s1 to be sure1 at lea/ might be all['d a great] latitude ?an !y are at pres5t2 z capitals1 frizes1 c4 9 ord] to increase ! beauty ( v>iety4 ,nature1 9 %ells & fl[]s1 c4 af=ds an inf9ite *oice ( elegant h9ts = ?is purpose2 z ! orig9al ( ! ,cor9?ian capital 0 tak5 f no?+ m1 z is said1 ?an "s dock-leaves gr[+ up aga9/ a basket4 ,ev5 a capital compos$ ( ! aukw>d & conf9'd =ms ( hats & p]iwigs1 z fig4 #dh p4 ,i 9 a skilful h& might be made to h "s beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh ,h[ev]1 ?o' ! mod]ns h n made _m additions to ! art ( build+1 ) respect to m]e beauty or ornam5t1 yet x mu/ be confess'd1 !y h c>ri$ simplicity1 conv5i5ce1 & neatness ( workman%ip1 to a v great degree ( p]fection1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,engl&2 :]e pla9 good s5se ha? pref]'d ^! m necess>y p>ts ( beauty1 :i* e body c und]/&1 to t ri*ness ( ta/e :i* is s mu* to be se5 9 o!r c\ntries1 & s (t5 sub/itut$ 9 _! room4 ,/4 ,paul's ca!dral is "o ( ! noble/ in/ances t c be produc$ ( ! mo/ judici\s application ( e pr9ciple t has be5 spok5 (4 ,!re y may see ! utmo/ v>iety )\t confusion1 simplicity )\t nak$ness1 ri*ness )\t taudr9ess1 di/9ctness )\t h>dness1 & quantity )\t excess4 ,:5ce ! eye is ent]ta9'd ?r\gh\t ) ! *>m+ v>iety ( all its p>ts toge!r2 ! noble project+ quantity ( a c]ta9 numb] ( !m1 :i* pres5ts bold & di/9ct p>ts at a di/ance1 :5 ! less] p>ts )9 !m disappe>2 & ! gr& few1 b rem>kably well-v>i$ p>ts t cont9ue to please ! eye z long z ! object is disc]nable1 are evid5t pro(s ( ! sup]ior skill ( ,sir ,*ri/oph] ,wr51 s ju/ly e/eem'd ! pr9ce ( ar*itects4 ,x w sc>cely admit ( a dispute1 t ! outside ( ?is build+ is mu* m p]fect ?an t ( ,/4 ,pet]'s at ,rome3 b ! inside1 ?\gh z f9e & noble1 z ! space x /&s on1 & our religion w all[ (1 mu/ give way to ! spl5dor1 %ew1 & magnific5ce ( t ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 on acc\nt ( ! sculptures & pa9t+s1 z well z ! great] magnitude ( ! :ole1 :i* makes x excel z to quantity4 ,!re are _m o!r *ur*es ( great beauty1 ! "w ( ! same ar*itect1 :i* are hid 9 ! he>t ( ! city1 ^: /eeples & spires are rais$ high] ?an ord9>y1 t !y may be se5 at a di/ance above ! o!r build+s2 & ! great numb] ( !m disp]s'd ab\t ! :ole city1 adorn ! prospect ( x1 & give x an air ( opul5ce & magnific5ce3 on :i* acc\nt _! %apes w be f\nd to be p>ticul>ly beautiful4 ,( ^!1 & p]haps ( any 9 ,europe1 ,/4 ,m>y-le-,b[ is ! mo/ elegantly v>i$4 ,/4 ,bride's 9 ,fleet-/reet dim9i%es sweetly by elegant degrees1 b its v>iations1 ?o' v curi\s :5 y are ne> !m1 n be+ q s bold1 & di/9ct1 z ^? ( ,b[1 x too soon looses v>iety at a di/ance4 ,"s go?ic spires are f9ely & artfully v>i$1 p>ticul>ly ! fam\s /eeple ( ,/rasburg4 ,we/m9/]-,abbey is a good contra/ to ,/4 ,paul's1 ) reg>d to simplicity & di/9ctness1 ! great numb] ( its filligrean ornam5ts1 & small divid$ & subdivid$ p>ts appe> confus$ :5 nigh1 & are totally lo/ at a mod]ate di/ance2 yet !re is nev]!less su* a consi/5cy ( p>ts altoge!r 9 a good go?ic ta/e1 & su* propriety relative to ! gloomy ideas1 !y 7 !n calculat$ to convey1 t !y h at l5g? acquir'd an e/abli%'d & di/9ct "* 9 build+4 ,x w\ld be look'd ^u z an impropriety & z a k9d ( pr(anation to build places = mir? & ent]ta9m5t 9 ! same ta/e4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ,,composition ) ! ,,wav+-,,l9e4 ,!re is sc>ce a room 9 any h\se :atev]1 :]e "o does n see ! wav+-l9e employ'd 9 "s way or o!r4 ,h[ inelegant w\ld ! %apes ( all our moveables be )\t x8 h[ v pla9 & unornam5tal ! m\ld+s ( cornices1 & *imney-pieces1 )\t ! v>iety introduc$ by ! ogee memb]1 :i* is entirely compos$ ( wav+-l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #di & #ej ,?\gh all sorts ( wav+-l9es are ornam5tal1 :5 prop]ly appli$2 yet1 /rictly speak+1 !re is b "o precise l9e1 prop]ly to be call$ ! l9e ( beauty1 :i* 9 ! scale ( !m ,fig4 #di ,t p4 ,i is numb] #d3 ! l9es #e1 #f1 #g1 by _! bulg+ too mu* 9 _! curvature becom+ gross & clumsy2 &1 on ! contr>y1 #c1 #b1 #a1 z !y /raight51 becom+ mean & poor2 z w appe> 9 ! next figure #ej ,t p4 ,i :]e !y are appli$ to ! legs ( *airs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec ,a /ill m p]fect idea ( ! effects ( ! precise wav+-l9e1 & ( ^? l9es t deviate f x1 may be conceiv$ by ! r[ ( /ays1 figure #ec ,b p4 ,i1 :]e numb] #d is compos$ ( precise wav+-l9es1 & is !re=e ! be/ %ap$ /ay4 ,e :ale-bone ( a good /ay mu/ be made to b5d 9 ?is mann]3 = ! :ole /ay1 :5 put close toge!r beh9d1 is truly a %ell ( well-v>i$ cont5ts1 & its surface ( c\rse a f9e =m2 s t if a l9e1 or ! lace 7 to be drawn1 or br\ght f ! top ( ! lac+ ( ! /ay beh9d1 r\nd ! body1 & d[n to ! bottom peak ( ! /oma*]2 x w\ld =m su* a p]fect1 precise1 s]p5t9e-l9e1 z has be5 %ewn1 r\nd ! cone1 figure #bf 9 plate ,i4----,= ?is reason all ornam5ts obliquely contra/+ ! body 9 ?is mann]1 z ! ribbons worn by ! knights ( ! g>t]1 are bo? g5teel & graceful4 ,! numb]s #e1 #f1 #g & #c1 #b1 #a1 are deviations into /iffness & meanness on "o h&1 & clums9ess & de=mity on ! o!r4 ,! reasons = :i* disagreeable effects1 aft] :at has be5 already said1 w be evid5t to ! meane/ capacity4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf ,x may be wor? our notice h[ev]1 t ! /ay1 numb] #b1 w\ld bett] fit a well-%ap$ man ?an numb] #d2 & t numb] #d1 w\ld bett] fit a well-=m'd woman1 ?an numb] #b2 & :5 on consid]+ !m1 m]ely z to _! =ms1 & comp>+ !m toge!r z y w\ld two vases1 x has be5 %ewn by our pr9ciples1 h[ mu* f9] & m beautiful numb] #d is1 ?an numb] #b3 does n ?is our det]m9ation enhance ! m]it ( ^! pr9ciples1 z x proves at ! same "t h[ mu* ! =m ( a woman's body surpasses 9 beauty t ( a man8 ,f ! examples t h be5 giv51 en\gh may be ga!r$ to c>ry on our obs]vations f !m to any o!r objects t may *ance to come 9 our way1 ei!r animate or inanimate2 s t we may n only l9eally acc\nt = ! ugl9ess ( ! toad1 ! hog1 ! be>1 & ! spid]1 :i* are totally void ( ?is wav+-l9e1 b also = ! diff]5t degrees ( beauty belong+ to ^? objects t possess x4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,( ,,compositions ) ! ,,s]p5t9e-,,l9e4 ,! v great difficulty !re is 9 describ+ ?is l9e1 ei!r 9 words1 or by ! p5cil 7z 0 h9t$ be=e1 :5 ,i fir/ m5tion'd x7 w make x necess>y = me to proce$ v sl[ly 9 :at ,i h to say 9 ?is *apt]1 & to beg ! read]'s pati5ce :il/ ,i lead him /ep by /ep into ! k ( :at ,i ?9k ! sublime 9 =m1 s rem>kably display'd 9 ! human body2 9 :i*1 ,i believe1 :5 he is once acqua9t$ ) ! idea ( !m1 he w f9d ?is species ( l9es to be pr9cipally conc]n'd4 ,fir/1 !n1 let him consid] fig4 #ef ,b p4 ,,ii1 :i* repres5ts a /raight horn1 ) its cont5ts1 & he w f9d1 z x v>ies l ! cone1 x is a =m ( "s beauty1 m]ely on t acc\nt4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef ,next let him obs]ve 9 :at mann]1 & 9 :at degree ! beauty ( ?is horn is increas'd1 9 fig4 #eg ,b p4 ,,ii1 :]e x is suppos$ to be b5t two diff]5t ways4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg ,& la/ly1 let him att5d to ! va/ increase ( beauty1 ev5 to grace & elegance1 9 ! same horn1 fig4 #eh ,b p4 ,,ii1 :]e x is suppos$ to h be5 twi/$ r\nd1 at ! same "t1 t x 0 b5t two diff]5t ways1 7z 9 ! la/ figure74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! figures1 ! dott$ l9e d[n ! middle expresses ! /raight l9es ( :i* x is compos$2 :i*1 )\t ! assi/ance ( curve l9es1 or light & %ade1 w\ld h>dly %ew x to h cont5ts4 ,! same is true ( ! second1 ?o' by ! b5d+ ( ! horn1 ! /raight dott$ l9e is *ang$ into ! beautiful wav+-l9e4 ,b 9 ! la/1 ?is dott$ l9e1 by ! twi/+ z well z ! b5d+ ( ! horn1 is *ang$ f ! wav+ into ! s]p5t9e-l9e2 :i*1 z x dips out ( sight beh9d ! horn 9 ! middle1 & returns aga9 at ! small] end1 n only gives play to ! imag9ation1 & delights ! eye1 on t acc\nt2 b in=ms x likewise ( ! quantity & v>iety ( ! cont5ts4 ,i h *os5 ?is simple example1 z ! easie/ way ( giv+ a pla9 & g5]al idea ( ! peculi> qualities ( ^! s]p5t9e-l9es1 & ! advantages ( br++ !m into compositions1 :]e ! cont5ts y are to express1 admit ( grace & elegance4 ,& ,i beg ! same ?+s may be und]/ood ( ^! s]p5t9e-l9es1 t ,i h said be=e ( ! wav+-l9es4 ,= z among ! va/ v>iety ( wav+-l9es t may be conceiv'd1 !re is b "o t truly des]ves ! "n ( ! l9e ( beauty1 s !re is only "o precise s]p5t9e-l9e t ,i call ! l9e ( grace4 ,yet1 ev5 :5 !y are made too bulg+1 or too tap]+1 ?\gh !y c]ta9ly lose ( _! beauty & grace1 !y d n become s :olly void ( x1 z n to be ( excell5t s]vice 9 compositions1 :]e beauty & grace are n p>ticul>ly design'd to be express'd 9 _! greate/ p]fection4 ,?\gh ,i h di/+ui%'d ^! l9es s p>ticul>ly z to give !m ! titles ( ! l9es ( beauty & grace1 ,i mean t ! use & application ( !m %\ld /ill be conf9$ by ! pr9ciples ,i h laid d[n = composition 9 g5]al2 & t !y %\ld be judici\sly mixt & comb9$ ) "o ano!r1 & ev5 ) ^? ,i may t]m pla9 l9es1 79 opposition to ^!7 z ! subject 9 h& requires4 ,?us ! cornu-copia1 fig4 #ei ,b p4 ,,ii1 is twi/$ & b5t aft] ! same mann]1 z ! la/ figure ( ! horn2 b m ornam5t$1 & ) a great] numb] ( o!r l9es ( ! same twi/$ k9d1 w9d+ r\nd x ) z quick returns z ^? ( a screw4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei ,?is sort ( =m may be se5 ) yet m v>iations1 7& !re=e m beautiful7 9 ! goat's horn1 f :i*1 9 all probability1 ! anci5ts orig9ally took ! extremely elegant =ms !y h giv5 _! cornu-copias4 ,!re is ano!r way ( consid]+ ?is la/ figure ( ! horn ,i w\ld recomm5d to my read]1 9 ord] to give him a cle>] idea ( ! use bo? ( ! wav+ & s]p5t9e-l9es 9 composition4 ,?is is to imag9e ! horn1 ?us b5t & twi/$1 to be cut l5g?-ways by a v f9e saw into two equal p>ts2 & to obs]ve "o ( ^! 9 ! same position ! :ole horn is repres5t$ 92 & ^! two obs]vations w naturally occur to him4 ,fir/1 t ! edge ( ! saw mu/ run f "o end to ! o!r ( ! horn 9 ! l9e ( beauty2 s t ! edges ( ?is half ( ! horn w h a beautiful %ape3 &1 secondly1 t :]ev] ! dott$ s]p5t9e-l9e on ! surface ( ! :ole horn dips beh9d1 & is lo/ to ! eye1 x imm$iately comes into sight on ! holl[ surface ( ! divid$ horn4 ,! use ,i %all make ( ^! obs]vations w appe> v consid]able 9 ! application ( !m to ! human =m1 :i* we are next to attempt4 ,x w be suffici5t1 !re=e1 at pres5t only to obs]ve1 fir/1 t ! :ole horn acquires a beauty by its be+ ?us g5teely b5t two diff]5t ways2 secondly1 t :atev] l9es are drawn on its ext]nal surface become graceful1 z !y mu/ all ( !m1 f ! twi/ t is giv5 ! horn1 p>take 9 "s degree or o!r1 ( ! %ape ( ! s]p5t9e-l9e3 &1 la/ly1 :5 ! horn is split1 & ! inn]1 z well z ! outw>d surface ( its %ell-l =m is expos$1 ! eye is peculi>ly ent]ta9$ & reliev$ 9 ! pursuit ( ^! s]p5t9e-l9es1 z 9 _! twi/+s _! concavities & convexities are alt]nately (f]'d to its view4 ,holl[ =ms1 !re=e1 compos$ ( su* l9es are extremely beautiful & pleas+ to ! eye2 9 _m cases m s1 ?an ^? ( solid bodies4 ,almo/ all ! muscles1 & bones1 ( :i* ! human =m is compos$1 h m1 or less ( ^! k9d ( twi/s 9 !m2 & give 9 a less degree1 ! same k9d ( appe>ance to ! p>ts :i* cov] !m1 & are ! imm$iate object ( ! eye3 & = ?is reason x is t ,i h be5 s p>ticul> 9 describ+ ^! =ms ( ! b5t1 & twi/$1 & ornam5t$ horn4 ,!re is sc>ce a /raight bone 9 ! :ole body4 ,almo/ all ( !m are n only b5t diff]5t ways1 b h a k9d ( twi/1 :i* 9 "s ( !m is v graceful2 & ! muscles annex'd to !m1 ?o' !y are ( v>i\s %apes1 appropriat$ to _! p>ticul> uses1 g5]ally h _! compon5t fibres runn+ 9 ^! s]p5t9e-l9es1 surr\nd+ & con=m+ !mselves to ! v>i$ %ape ( ! bones !y belong to3 m especially 9 ! limbs4 ,anatomi/s are s satisfi$ ( ?is1 t !y take a pleasure 9 di/+ui%+ _! sev]al beauties4 ,i %all only in/ance 9 ! ?igh-bone1 & ^? ab\t ! hips4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #fd & #fb ,! ?igh-bone fig4 #fb ,r p4 ,,ii1 has ! wav+ & twi/$ turn ( ! horn1 #eh3 b ! beautiful bones adjo9+1 call'd ! ossa innom9ata ,fig4 #fj ,b p4 ,,ii1 h1 ) great] v>iety1 ! same turns & twi/s ( t horn :5 x is cut2 & its inn] & outw>d surfaces are expos$ to ! eye4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #fj1 #fa & #fc ,h[ ornam5tal ^! bones appe>1 :5 ! prejudice we conceive aga9/ !m1 z be+ "p ( a skeleton1 is tak5 (f1 by add+ a little foliage to !m1 may be se5 9 fig4 #fa ,b p4 ,,ii----su* %ell-l w9d+ =ms1 mixt ) foliage1 twi/+ ab\t !m1 are made use ( 9 all ornam5ts2 a k9d ( composition calculat$ m]ely to please ! eye4 ,dive/ ^! ( _! s]p5t9e tw9+s1 & !y imm$iately lose all grace1 & return to ! poor go?ic ta/e !y 7 9 an hundr$ ye>s ago ,fig4 #fc ,b p4 ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #fd & #fb ,fig4 #fd ,b p4 ,,ii is meant to repres5t ! mann]1 9 :i* mo/ ( ! muscles1 7^? ( ! limbs 9 p>ticul>7 are twi/$ r\nd ! bones1 & con=m !mselves to _! l5g? & %ape2 b ) no anatomical exactness4 ,z to ! runn+ ( _! fibres1 "s anatomi/s h comp>$ !m to ska9s ( ?read1 loose 9 ! middle1 & tight at ea* end1 :i*1 :5 !y are ?us consid]'d z twi/$ contr>y ways r\nd ! bone1 gives ! /ronge/ idea possible ( a composition ( s]p5t9e-l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #fe1 #ff & #fg ,( ^! f9e w9d+ =ms !n are ! muscles & bones compos$1 & :i*1 by _! v>i$ situations ) ea* o!r1 become m intricately pleas+1 & =m a cont9u$ wav+ ( w9d+ =ms f "o into ! o!r1 z may be be/ se5 by exam9+ a good anatomical figure1 "p ( :i* y h "h repres5t$1 9 ! muscul> leg & ?igh1 fig4 #fe p4 ,i3 :i* %ews ! s]p5t9e =ms & v>i$ situations ( ! muscles1 z !y appe> :5 ! sk9 is tak5 (f4 ,x 0 drawn f a pla/] ( p>is figure ca/ (f nature1 ! orig9al ( :i* 0 prep>$ = ! m\ld by ,c[p]1 ! fam\s anatomi/4 ,9 ?is la/ figure1 z ! sk9 is tak5 (f ! p>ts are too di/9ctly trac$ by ! eye1 = t intricate delicacy :i* is necess>y to ! utmo/ beauty2 yet ! w9d+ figures ( ! muscles1 ) ! v>iety ( _! situations1 mu/ always be all['d elegant =ms3 h[ev]1 !y lose 9 ! imag9ation "s ( ! beauty1 :i* !y really h1 by ! idea ( _! be+ flay$2 nev]!less1 by :at has already be5 %ewn bo? ( !m & ! bones1 ! human frame ha? m ( its p>ts compos$ ( s]p5t9e-l9es ?an any o!r object 9 nature2 :i* is a pro( bo? ( its sup]ior beauty to all o!rs1 &1 at ! same "t1 t its beauty proce$s f ^? l9es3 = al?\gh !y may be requir$ sometimes to be bulg+ 9 _! twi/s1 z 9 ! ?ick swell+ muscles ( ! ,h]cules1 yet elegance & greatness ( ta/e is /ill pres]v$2 b :5 ^! l9es lose s mu* ( _! twi/s z to become almo/ /raight1 all elegance ( ta/e vani%es4 ,?us fig4 #ff p4 ,i1 0 also tak5 f nature1 & drawn 9 ! same position1 b treat$ 9 a m dry1 /iff1 & :at ! pa9t]s call1 /icky mann]1 ?an ! nature ( fle% is ev] capable ( appe>+ 91 unless :5 its moi/ure is dry$ away3 x mu/ be all[$1 t ! p>ts ( ?is figure are ( z "r dim5sions1 & z truly situat$1 z 9 ! =m]2 x wants only ! true twi/ ( ! l9es to give x ta/e4 ,to prove ?is fur!r1 & to put ! mean effect ( ^! pla9 or unv>i$ l9es 9 a /rong] light1 see fig4 #fg p4 ,i1 :]e1 by ! uni=m1 unv>i$ %apes & situation ( ! muscles1 )\t s mu* z a wav+-l9e 9 !m1 x becomes s wood5 a =m1 t he t c fa%ion ! leg ( a jo9t-/ool may c>ve ?is figure z well z ! be/ sculptor4 ,9 ! same mann]1 dive/ "o ( ! be/ antique /atues ( all its s]p5t9e w9d+ p>ts1 & x becomes f an exquisite piece ( art1 a figure ( su* ord9>y l9es & unv>i$ cont5ts1 t a common /one-mason or c>p5t]1 ) ! help ( 8 rule1 calip]s1 & compasses1 might c>ve out an exact imitation ( x3 & 7 x n = ^! l9es a turn]1 9 8 la!1 might turn a mu* f9] neck ?an t ( ! grecian ,v5us1 z accord+ to ! common notion ( a beautiful neck1 x w\ld be m truly r\nd4 ,= ! same reason1 legs mu* swoln ) disease1 are z easy to imitate z a po/1 hav+ lo/ _! draw+1 z ! pa9t]s call x2 t is1 hav+ _! s]p5t9e-l9es all effac$1 by ! sk9's be+ equally puff$ up1 z figure #fh4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh ,if 9 comp>+ ^! ?ree figures "o ) ano!r1 ! read]1 not)/&+ ! prejudice 8 imag9ation may h conceiv'd aga9/ !m1 z anatomical figures1 has be5 enabl$ only to p]ceive t "o ( !m is n s disagreeable z ! o!rs2 he w easily be l$ to see fur!r1 t ?is t5d5cy to beauty 9 "o1 is n ow+ to any great] degree ( exactness 9 ! proportions ( its p>ts1 b m]ely to ! m pleas+ turns1 & int]twi/+s ( ! l9es1 :i* compose its ext]nal =m2 = 9 all ! ?ree figures ! same proportions h be5 obs]v'd1 &1 on t acc\nt1 !y h all an equal claim to beauty4 ,& if he pursues ?is anatomical enquiry b a v little fur!r1 j to =m a true idea ( ! elegant use t is made ( ! sk9 & fat b5ea? x1 to conceal f ! eye all t is h>d & disagreeable1 & at ! same "t to pres]ve to x :atev] is necess>y 9 ! %apes ( ! p>ts b5ea?1 to give grace & beauty to ! :ole limb3 he w f9d himself ins5sibly l$ into ! pr9ciples ( t grace & beauty :i* is to be f\nd 9 well-turn'd limbs1 9 f9e1 elegant1 heal?y life1 or 9 ^? ( ! be/ antique /atues2 z well z into ! reason :y 8 eye has s (t5 unkn[+ly be5 pleas$ & delight$ ) !m4 ,?us1 9 all o!r p>ts ( ! body1 z well z ^!1 :]ev]1 = ! sake ( ! necess>y motion ( ! p>ts1 ) prop] /r5g? & agility1 ! ins]tions ( ! muscles are too h>d & sudd51 _! swell+s too bold1 or ! holl[s betwe5 !m too deep1 = _! out-l9es to be beautiful2 nature mo/ judici\sly s(t5s ^! h>dnesses1 & plumps up ^! vacancies ) a prop] supply ( fat1 & cov]s ! :ole ) ! s(t1 smoo?1 spr+y1 &1 9 delicate life1 almo/ transp>5t sk91 :i*1 con=m+ itself to ! ext]nal %ape ( all ! p>ts b5ea?1 expresses to ! eye ! idea ( its cont5ts ) ! utmo/ delicacy ( beauty & grace4 ,! sk91 !re=e1 ?us t5d]ly embrac+1 & g5tly con=m+ itself to ! v>i$ %apes ( e "o ( ! outw>d muscles ( ! body1 s(t5'd und]nea? by ! fat1 :]e1 o!rwise1 ! same h>d l9es & furr[s w\ld appe>1 z we f9d come on ) age 9 ! face1 & ) lab\r1 9 ! limbs1 is evid5tly a %ell-l surface 7to keep up ! idea ,i set out )7 =m'd ) ! utmo/ delicacy 9 nature2 & !re=e ! mo/ prop] subject ( ! /udy ( e "o1 :o desires to imitate ! works ( nature1 z a ma/] %\ld d1 or to judge ( ! p]=mances ( o!rs z a real connoisseur ought4 ,i _c be too long1 ,i ?9k1 on ?is subject1 z s mu* w be f\nd to dep5d ^u x2 & !re=e %all endeav\r to give a cle> idea ( ! diff]5t effect su* anatomical figures h on ! eye1 f :at ! same p>ts h1 :5 cov]'d by ! fat & sk92 by suppos+ a small wire 7t has lo/ its spr+ & s w reta9 e %ape x is twi/$ into7 to be held fa/ to ! out-side ( ! hip 7fig4 #fe4 plate ,i7 & !nce br\ght d[n ! o!r side ( ! ?igh obliquely ov] ! calf ( ! leg1 d[n to ! outw>d ancle 7all ! :ile press'd s close z to t\* & con=m itself to ! %ape ( e muscle x passes ov]7 & !n to be tak5 (f4 ,if ?is wire be n[ exam9$ x w be f\nd t ! g5]al un9t]rupt$ fl[+ twi/1 :i* ! w9d+ r\nd ! limbs w\ld o!rwise h giv5 to x1 is brok5 into little bett] ?an s _m sep>ate pla9 curves1 by ! %>p ind5tures x e :]e has receiv'd on be+ closely press'd 9 betwe5 ! muscles4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #fe1 #ff & #fg ,suppose1 9 ! next place1 su* a wire 0 9 ! same mann] twi/$ r\nd a liv+ well-%ap$ leg & ?igh1 or ^? ( a f9e /atue2 :5 y take x (f y w f9d no su* %>p ind5tures1 nor any ( ^? regul> engral+s 7z ! h]alds express x7 :i* displeas$ ! eye be=e4 ,on ! contr>y1 y w see h[ gradually ! *anges 9 its %ape are produc$2 h[ imp]ceptibly ! diff]5t curvatures run into ea* o!r1 & h[ easily ! eye glides along ! v>i$ wav+s ( its sweep4 ,to en=ce ?is /ill fur!r1 if a l9e 7 to be drawn by a p5cil exactly :]e ^! wires h be5 suppos$ to pass1 ! po9t ( ! p5cil1 9 ! muscul> leg & ?igh1 w\ld p]petually meet ) /ops & rubs1 :il/ 9 ! o!rs x w\ld fl[ f muscle to muscle along ! ela/ic sk91 z pleasantly z ! lighte/ skiff dances ov] ! g5tle/ wave4 ,?is idea ( ! wire1 reta9+ ?us ! %ape ( ! p>ts x passes ov]1 seems ( s mu* consequ5ce1 t ,i w\ld by no means h x =got2 z x may prop]ly be consid]'d z "o ( ! ?reads 7or outl9es7 ( ! %ell 7or ext]nal surface7 ( ! human =m3 & ! frequ5tly recurr+ to x w assi/ ! imag9ation 9 its conceptions ( ^? p>ts ( x1 ^: %apes are mo/ intricately v>i$3 = ! same sort ( obs]vations may be made1 ) equal ju/ice1 on ! %apes ( ev] s _m su* wires twi/$ 9 ! same mann] 9 ev] s _m directions ov] e "p ( a well made man1 woman1 or /atue4 ,& if ! read] w foll[ 9 8 imag9ation ! mo/ exquisite turns ( ! *isel 9 ! h&s ( a ma/]1 :5 he is putt+ ! f9i%+ t\*es to a /atue2 he w soon be l$ to und]/& :at x is ! real judges expect f ! h& ( su* a ma/]1 :i* ! ,italians call1 ! little m1 ,il poco piu1 & :i* 9 reality di/+ui%es ! orig9al ma/]-pieces at ,rome f ev5 ! be/ copies ( !m4 ,an example or two w suffici5tly expla9 :at is "h meant2 = z ^! exquisite turns are to be f\nd1 9 "s degree ( beauty or o!r1 all ov] ! :ole surface ( ! body & limbs3 we may by tak+ any "o "p ( a f9e figure 7?\gh s small a "o t only a few muscles are express'd 9 x7 expla9 ! mann] 9 :i* s mu* beauty & grace has be5 giv5 to !m1 z to conv9ce a skilful arti/1 almo/ at sight1 t x mu/ h be5 ! "w ( a ma/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gf ,i h *os51 = ?is purpose1 a small piece ( ! body ( a /atue1 fig4 #gf ,t p4 ,,ii1 repres5t+ "p ( ! left side "u ! arm1 toge!r ) a little ( ! brea/1 7includ+ a v p>ticul> muscle1 :i*1 f ! lik5ess its edges be> to ! tee? ( a saw1 is1 if consid]'d by itself1 void ( beauty7 z mo/ prop] to ! po9t 9 h&1 because ?is its regul> %ape m peculi>ly requires ! skill ( ! arti/ to give x a little m v>iety ?an x g5]ally has1 ev5 9 nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gg ,fir/1 !n1 ,i w give y a repres5tation ( ?is "p ( ! body1 f an anatomical figure ,fig4 #gg ,t p4 ,,ii1 to %[ :at a sam5ess !re is 9 ! %apes ( all ! tee?-l ins]tions ( ?is muscle2 & h[ regul>ly ! fibres1 :i* compose x1 foll[ ! almo/ p>allel out-l9es ( ! ribs !y p>tly cov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gh ,f :at has be5 said be=e ( ! use ( ! natural cov]+ ( ! sk91 c4 ! next figure #gh ,t p4 ,,ii w easily be und]/ood to mean s tame a repres5tation ( ! same "p ( ! body1 t ?o' ! h>d & /iff appe>ance ( ! edges ( ?is muscle is tak5 (f by t cov]+1 yet en\gh ( its regul>ity & sam5ess rema9s to r5d] x disagreeable4 ,n[ z regul>ity & sam5ess1 accord+ to our doctr9e1 is want ( elegance & true ta/e1 we %all endeav\r 9 ! next place to %[ h[ ?is v "p 79 :i* ! muscles take s v regul> a =m7 may be br\ght to h z mu* v>iety z any o!r "p ( ! body :atev]4 ,9 ord] to ?is1 ?\gh "s alt]ation mu/ be made 9 almo/ e "p ( x1 yet x %\ld be s inconsid]able 9 ea*1 t no rem>kable *ange may appe> 9 ! %ape & situation ( any4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #gi1 #hj & #ha ,?us1 let ! p>ts m>k'd #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 7:i* appe> s exactly simil> 9 %ape1 & p>allel 9 situation 9 ! muscul> figure #gg7 & n mu* m5d$ 9 fig4 #gh1 be fir/ v>i$ 9 _! sizes1 b n gradually f ! upp]mo/ to ! l[e/1 z 9 fig4 #gi ,t p4 ,,ii1 nor alt]nately "o long & "o %ort1 z 9 fig4 #hj ,t p4 ,,ii1 = 9 ei!r ( ^! cases !re w\ld /ill rema9 too great a =mality4 ,we %\ld !re=e endeav\r1 9 ! next place1 to v>y !m e way 9 our p[]1 )\t los+ entirely ! true idea ( ! p>ts !mselves4 ,suppose !m !n to h *ang$ _! situations a little1 & slip'd beside ea* o!r irregul>ly1 7"s h[ z is repres5t$ 9 fig4 #ha ,t p4 ,,ii1 m]ely ) reg>d to _! situation7 & ! ext]nal appe>ance ( ! :ole piece ( ! body1 n[ "u our consid]ation1 w assume ! m v>i$ & pleas+ =m1 repres5t$ 9 fig4 #gf1 easily to be disc]n'd by comp>+ ! ?ree figures1 #gf1 #gg1 #gh1 "o ) ano!r2 & x w z easily be se51 t 7 l9es to be drawn1 or wires to be b5t1 ov] ^! muscles1 f "o to ! o!r1 & s on to ! adjo9+ p>ts2 !y w\ld h a cont9u$ wav+ fl[1 let !m pass 9 any direction :atev]4 ,! unskilful1 9 draw+ ^! p>ts aft] ! life1 z _! regul>ities are mu* m easily se5 & copi$ ?an _! f9e v>iations1 seldom fail ( mak+ !m m regul> & poor ?an !y really appe> ev5 9 a consumptive p]son4 ,! diff]5ce w appe> evid5t by comp>+ fig4 #gh1 purposely drawn 9 ?is ta/eless mann]1 ) fig4 #gf4 ,b w be m p]fectly und]/ood by exam9+ ?is "p 9 ! ,torso ( ,mi*ael ,angelo ,fig4 #ed p4 ,i1 :5ce ?is figure 0 tak54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed ,note1 !re are ca/s ( a small copy ( t fam\s trunk ( a body to be _h at almo/ e pla/]-figure mak]s1 :]e9 :at has be5 "h describ$ may be suffici5tly se51 n only 9 ! "p :i* figure #gf 0 tak5 f1 b all ov] t curi\s piece ( antiquity4 ,i mu/ "h aga9 press my read] to a p>ticul> att5tion to ! w9d+s ( ^! sup]ficial l9es1 ev5 9 _! pass+ ov] e jo9t1 :at alt]ations soev] may be made 9 ! surface ( ! sk9 by ! v>i\s b5d+s ( ! limbs3 & ?o' ! space all['d = x1 j 9 ! jo9ts1 be ev] s small1 & consequ5tly ! l9es ev] s %ort1 ! application ( ?is pr9ciple ( v>y+ ^! l9es1 z f> z _! l5g?s w admit (1 w be f\nd to h its effect z gracefully z 9 ! m l5g!n'd muscles ( ! body4 ,x %\ld be obs]v'd 9 ! f+]s1 :]e ! jo9ts are b %ort1 & ! t5dons /raight2 & :]e beauty seems to submit1 9 "s degree1 to use1 yet n s mu* b y trace 9 a full-gr[n tap] f+]1 ^! little w9d+ l9es among ! wr9kles1 or 9 7:at is m pretty because m simple7 ! dimples ( ! nuckles4 ,z we always di/+ui% ?+s be/ by see+ _! rev]se set 9 opposition ) !m2 if fig4 #hb ,t p4 ,,ii1 by ! /raightness ( its l9es1 %ews fig4 #hc ,t p4 ,,ii1 to h "s little ta/e 9 x1 ?o' x is s slightly sket*'d2 ! diff]5ce w m evid5tly appe> :5 y 9 l mann] comp>e a /raight co>se f+] 9 common life ) ! tap] dimpl$ "o ( a f9e lady4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #hb & #hc ,!re is an elegant degree ( plumpness peculi> to ! sk9 ( ! s(t] sex1 t occasions ^! delicate dimpl+s 9 all _! o!r jo9ts1 z well z ^! ( ! f+]s2 :i* s p]fectly di/+ui%es !m f ^? ev5 ( a graceful man2 & :i*1 assi/$ by ! m s(t5'd %apes ( ! muscles und]nea?1 pres5ts to ! eye all ! v>ieties 9 ! :ole figure ( ! body1 ) g5tl] & few] p>ts m sweetly connect$ toge!r1 & ) su* a f9e simplicity z w always give ! turn ( ! female frame1 repres5t$ 9 ! ,v5us ,fig4 #ac p4 ,i1 ! pref]5ce to t ( ! ,apollo ,fig4 #ab p4 ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ac & #ab ,n[ :oev] c conceive l9es ?us con/antly fl[+1 & delicately v>y+ ov] e "p ( ! body ev5 to ! f+]s ends1 & w call to 8 remembrance :at l$ u to ?is la/ description ( :at ! ,italians call1 ,il poco piu 7! little m t is expect$ f ! h& ( a ma/]7 w1 9 my m9d1 want v little m ?an :at 8 own obs]vation on ! works ( art & nature w lead him to1 to acquire a true idea ( ! ^w ,ta/e1 :5 appli$ to =m2 h[ev] inexplicable ?is ^w may hi!rto h be5 imag9$4 ,we h all along _h rec\rse *iefly to ! works ( ! anci5ts1 n because ! mod]ns h n produc$ "s z excell5t2 b because ! works ( ! =m] are m g5]ally kn[n3 nor w\ld we h x ?\ght1 t ei!r ( !m h ev] yet come up to ! utmo/ beauty ( nature4 ,:o b a bigot1 ev5 to ! antiques1 w say t he has n se5 faces & necks1 h&s & arms 9 liv+ wom51 t ev5 ! ,grecian ,v5us do? b co>sely imitate8 ,& :at suffici5t reason c be giv5 :y ! same may n be said ( ! re/ ( ! body8 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,( ,,proportion4 ,if anyone %\ld ask1 :at x is t con/itutes a f9e-proportion'd human figure8 h[ ready & seem+ly decisive is ! common answ]3 a j symmetry & h>mony ( p>ts ) respect to ! :ole4 ,b z probably ?is vague answ] took its rise f doctr9es n belong+ to =m1 or idle s*emes built on !m1 ,i appreh5d x w cease to be ?\ght mu* to ! purpose aft] a prop] enquiry has be5 made4 ,prep>atory to :i*1 x becomes necess>y 9 ?is place1 to m5tion "o reason m :i* may be add$ to ^? giv5 9 ! introduction1 = my hav+ p]suad$ ! read] to consid] objects scoop'd out l ?9 %ells2 :i* is1 t p>tly by ?is conception1 he may be ! bett] able to sep>ate & keep asund] ! two foll[+ g5]al ideas1 z we w call !m1 belong+ to =m2 :i* are apt to co9cide & mix ) ea* o!r 9 ! m9d1 & :i* x is necess>y 7= ! sake ( mak+ ea* m fully & p>ticul>ly cle>7 %\ld be kept ap>t1 & consid]'d s+ly4 ,fir/1 ! g5]al ideas ( :at ha? already be5 discuss$ 9 ! =ego+ *apt]s1 :i* only compreh5ds ! surface ( =m1 view+ x 9 no o!r light ?an m]ely z be+ ornam5tal or n4 ,secondly1 t g5]al idea1 n[ to be discuss$1 :i* we commonly h ( =m altoge!r1 z aris+ *iefly f a fitness to "s design'd purpose or use4 ,hi!rto our ma9 drift ha? be5 to e/abli% & illu/rate ! fir/ idea only1 by %ew+1 fir/ ! nature ( v>iety1 & !n its effects on ! m9d2 ) ! mann] h[ su* impressions are made by means ( ! diff]5t feel+s giv5 to ! eye1 f its movem5ts 9 trac+ & c\rs+#e ov] surfaces ( all k9ds4 #e ,see ,*apt] ,v1 page #be4 ,! surface ( a piece ( ornam5t1 t ha? e turn 9 x t l9es are capable ( mov+ into1 & at ! same "t no way appli$1 nor ( any mann] ( use1 b m]ely to ent]ta9 ! eye1 w\ld be su* an object z w\ld answ] to ?is fir/ idea alone4 ,! figure l a leaf1 at ! bottom ( plate ,i1 ne> to fig4 #fg1 is some?+ ( ?is k9d2 x 0 tak5 f an a%-tree1 & 0 a sort ( ,lusus natur1 gr[+ only l an excress5ce1 b s beautiful 9 ! l9es ( its %ell-l w9d+s1 z w\ld h be5 above ! p[] ( a ,gibbons to h equall$1 ev5 9 its own mat]ials2 nor c\ld ! grav] ( an ,edl9ck1 or ,drevet1 h done x ju/ice on copp]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ne> ,fig4 #fg ,note1 ! pres5t ta/e ( ornam5ts seems to h be5 p>tly tak5 f productions ( ?is sort1 :i* are to be f\nd ab\t autumn among plants1 p>ticul>ly asp>agus1 :5 x is runn+ to se$4 ,i %all n[ endeav\r to expla9 :at is includ$ 9 :at ,i h call$ = di/9ction sake1 ! second g5]al idea ( =m1 9 a mu* full] mann] ?an 0 done 9 ,*apt] ,i1 ( ,fitness4 ,& beg9 ) obs]v+1 t ?\gh surfaces w unavoidably be /ill includ$1 yet we mu/ no long] conf9e ourselves to ! p>ticul> notice ( !m z surfaces only1 z we h]et(ore h done2 we mu/ n[ op5 our view to g5]al1 z well z p>ticul> bulk & solidity2 & also look into :at may h fill$ up1 or giv5 rise !reto1 su* z c]ta9 giv5 quantities & dim5sions ( p>ts1 = inclos+ any sub/ance1 or = p]=m+ ( motion1 pur*ase1 /$fa/ness1 & o!r matt]s ( use to liv+ be+s1 :i*1 ,i appreh5d1 at l5g?1 w br+ u to a tol]able conception ( ! ^w proportion4 ,z to ^! jo9t-s5sations ( bulk & motion1 d we n at fir/ sight almo/1 ev5 )\t mak+ trial1 seem to feel :5 a leav] ( any k9d is too weak1 or n long en\gh to make su* or su* a pur*ase8 or :5 a spr+ is n suffici5t8 & don't we f9d by exp]i5ce :at weight1 or dim5sion %\ld be giv51 or tak5 away1 on ?is or t acc\nt8 if s1 z ! g5]al z well z p>ticul> bulks ( =m1 are made up ( mat]ials m\ld$ toge!r "u me*anical directions1 = "s kn[n purpose or o!r2 h[ naturally1 f ^! consid]ations1 %all we fall into a judgm5t ( fit proportion2 :i* is "o "p ( beauty to ! m9d ?o' n always s to ! eye4 ,our necessities h taught u to m\ld matt] into v>i\s %apes1 & to give !m fit proportions = p>ticul> uses1 z bottles1 glasses1 knives1 di%es1 c4 ,ha? n (f5ce giv5 rise to ! =m ( ! sword1 & def5ce to t ( ! %ield8 ,& :at else b prop] fitness ( p>ts ha? fix'd ! diff]5t dim5sions ( pi/ols1 muskets1 great guns1 f[l+-pieces & blund]busses2 :i* diff]5ces z to figure1 may z prop]ly be call$ ! diff]5t *>act]s ( fire-arms1 z ! diff]5t %apes ( m5 are call$ *>act]s ( m54 ,we f9d also t ! pr(use v>iety ( %apes1 :i* pres5t !mselves f ! :ole animal creation1 arise *iefly f ! nice fitness ( _! p>ts1 design$ = accompli%+ ! peculi> movem5ts ( ea*4 ,& "h ,i ?9k w be ! prop] place to speak ( a mo/ curi\s diff]5ce betwe5 ! liv+ ma*9es ( nature1 9 respect ( fitness1 & su* poor ones1 9 comp>ison ) !m1 z m5 are only capable ( mak+2 by means ( :i* di/9ction1 ,i am 9 hopes ( %ew+ :at p>ticul>ly con/itutes ! utmo/ beauty ( proportion 9 ! human figure4 ,a clock1 by ! gov]nm5t's ord]1 has be5 made1 & ano!r n[ mak+1 by ,mr4 ,h>rison1 = ! keep+ ( true "t at sea2 :i* p]haps is "o ( ! mo/ exquisite movem5ts ev] made4 ,happy ! +5i\s contriv]6 al?\gh ! =m ( ! :ole1 or ( e "p ( ?is curi\s ma*9e1 %\ld be ev] s confus$1 or displeas+ly %ap$ to ! eye2 & al?\gh ev5 its movem5ts %\ld be disagreeable to look at1 provid$ x answ]s ! end propos$4 ,an ornam5tal composition 0 no "p ( 8 s*eme1 o!rwise ?an z a polli% might be necess>y4 ,if ornam5ts are requir$ to be add$ to m5d its %ape1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t !y are no ob/ruction to ! movem5t itself1 & ! m z !y w\ld be sup]flu\s1 z to ! ma9 design4--,b 9 nature's ma*9es1 h[ wond]fully d we see beauty & use g h& 9 h&6 ,_h a ma*9e = ?is purpose be5 nature's "w1 ! :ole & e individual "p w\ld h _h exquisite beauty ( =m )\t dang] ( de/roy+ ! exquisit5ess ( its motion1 ev5 z if ornam5t _h be5 ! sole aim2 its movem5ts too w\ld h be5 graceful1 )\t "o sup]flu\s tittle add$ = ei!r ( ^! lovely purposes4--,n[ ?is is t curi\s diff]5ce betwe5 ! fitness ( nature's ma*9es 7"o ( :i* is man7 & ^? made by mortal h&s3 :i* di/9ction is to lead u to our ma9 po9t propos$2 ,i mean1 to ! %ew+ :at con/itutes ! utmo/ beauty ( proportion4 ,!re 0 br\ght f ,france "s ye>s ago1 a little clock-"w ma*9e1 ) a duck's head & legs fixt to x1 :i* 0 s contriv$ z to h "s resemblance ( t animal /&+ ^u "o foot1 & /ret*+ back its leg1 turn+ its head1 op5+ & %utt+ its bill1 mov+ its w+s1 & %ak+ its tail2 all ( !m ! pla9e/ & easie/ directions 9 liv+ movem5ts3 yet = ! poorly p]=m+ ( ^! few motions1 ?is silly1 b mu* extoll'd ma*9e1 be+ uncov]'d1 appe>$ a mo/ complicat$1 confus$1 & disagreeable object3 nor w\ld its be+ cov]$ ) a sk9 closely adh]+ to its p>ts1 z t ( a real duck's do?1 h mu* m5d$ its figure2 at be/1 a bag ( hob-nails1 brok5 h+es1 & patt5-r+s1 w\ld h look$ z well1 unless by o!r means x _h be5 /uff$ out to br+ x into =m4 ,?us aga9 y see1 ! m v>iety we pret5d to give to our trifl+ movem5ts1 ! m confus$ & unornam5tal ! =ms become2 nay *ance b seldom helps !m4--,h[ mu* ! rev]se are nature's6 ! great] ! v>iety h] movem5ts h1 ! m beautiful are ! p>ts t cause !m4 ,! f9ny race ( animals1 z !y h few] motions ?an o!r creatures1 s are _! =ms less rem>kable = beauty4 ,x is also to be not$ ( e species1 t ! h&some/ ( ea* move be/3 birds ( a clumsy make seldom fly well1 nor d lumpy fi% glide s well ?r\gh ! wat] z ^? ( a neat] make2 & bea/s ( ! mo/ elegant =m1 always excel 9 spe$2 ( ?is1 ! horse & greyh\nd are beautiful examples3 & ev5 among !mselves1 ! mo/ elegantly made seldom fail ( be+ ! swifte/4 ,! w>-horse is m equally made = /r5g? ?an ! race-horse1 :i* surplus ( p[] 9 ! =m]1 if suppos'd add$ to ! latt]1 z x w\ld ?r[ m weight into improp] p>ts = ! bus9ess ( m]e spe$1 s ( c\rse x w\ld less51 9 "s degree1 t admirable quality1 & p>tly de/roy t delicate fitness ( 8 make2 b !n a quality 9 movem5t1 sup]ior to t ( spe$1 w\ld be giv5 to him by ! addition1 z he w\ld be r5d]'d !reby m fit to move ) ease 9 su* v>i$1 or graceful directions1 z are s delightful to ! eye 9 ! c>riage ( ! f9e manag'd w>-horse2 & z at ! same "t1 some?+ /ately & graceful w\ld be add$ to 8 figure1 :i* be=e c\ld only be said to h an elegant neatness4 ,?is noble creature /&s =emo/ among brutes2 & x is b consi/5t ) nature's propriety1 t ! mo/ useful animal 9 ! brute-creation1 %\ld be ?us signaliz$ also = ! mo/ beauty4 ,yet1 prop]ly speak+1 no liv+ creatures are capable ( mov+ 9 su* truly v>i$ & graceful directions1 z ! human species2 & x w\ld be ne$less to say h[ mu* sup]ior 9 beauty _! =ms & textures likewise are4 ,& surely also aft] :at has be5 said relat+ to figure & motion1 x is pla9 & evid5t t nature has ?\ght fit to make beauty ( proportion1 & beauty ( movem5t1 necess>y to ea* o!r3 s t ! obs]vation be=e made on animals1 w hold equally good ) reg>d to man3 i4 e4 t he :o is mo/ exquisitely well-proportion'd is mo/ capable ( exquisite movem5ts1 su* z ease & grace 9 deportm5t1 or 9 danc+4 ,x may be a sort ( collat]al confirmation ( :at has be5 said ( ?is me?od ( nature's work+1 z well z o!rwise wor? our notice1 t :5 any p>ts belong+ to ! human body are conceal'd1 & n imm$iately conc]n'd 9 movem5t1 all su* ornam5tal %apes1 z evid5tly appe> 9 ! muscles & bones#f1 are totally neglect$ z unnecess>y1 = nature do? no?+ 9 va96 ?is is pla9ly ! case ( ! inte/9es1 none ( !m hav+ ! lea/ beauty1 z to =m1 except ! he>t2 :i* noble "p1 & inde$ k9d ( fir/ mov]1 is a simple & well-v>i$ figure2 con=mable to :i*1 "s ( ! mo/ elegant ,roman urns & vases h be5 fa%ion'd4 #f ,see ,*apt] ,,ix on ,compositions ) ! ,s]p5t9e-l9e4 ,n[1 ?us mu* be+ kept 9 remembrance1 our next /ep w be to speak (1 fir/1 g5]al measurem5ts2 su* z ! :ole height ( ! body to its bread?1 or ! l5g? ( a limb to its ?ickness3 &1 secondly1 ( su* appe>ances ( dim5sions z are too intricately v>i$ to admit ( a description by l9es4 ,! =m] w be conf9$ to a v few /raight l9es1 cross+ ea* o!r1 :i* w easily be und]/ood by ev]yone2 b ! latt] w require some:at m att5tion1 because x w ext5d to ! precision ( e modification1 b\nd1 or limit1 ( ! human figure4 ,to be some:at m explicit4 ,z to ! fir/ "p1 ,i %all beg9 ) %ew+ :at practicable sort ( measur+ may be us$ 9 ord] to produce ! mo/ prop] v>iety 9 ! proportions ( ! p>ts ( any body4 ,i say1 practicable1 because ! va/ v>iety ( intricately situat$ p>ts1 belong+ to ! human =m1 w n admit ( measur+ ! di/ances ( "o "p by ano!r1 by l9es or po9ts1 beyond a c]ta9 degree or numb]1 )\t great p]plexity 9 ! op]ation itself1 or confusion to ! imag9ation4 ,= in/ance1 say1 a l9e repres5t+ "o bread? & an half ( ! wri/1 w\ld be equal to ! true bread? ( ! ?icke/ "p ( ! arm above ! elb[2 may x n !n be ask'd1 :at "p ( ! wri/ is meant8 = if y place a pair ( calip]s a little ne>] or fur!r f ! h&1 ! di/ance ( ! po9ts w diff]1 & s !y w if !y are mov$ close to ! wri/ all r\nd1 because x is flatt] "o way ?an ! o!r2 b suppose1 = argum5t sake1 "o c]ta9 diamet] %\ld be fix'd ^u2 may x n aga9 be ask'd1 h[ is x to be apply'd1 if to ! flatte/ side ( ! arm or ! r\nde/1 & h[ f> f ! elb[1 & mu/ x be :5 ! arm is ext5d$ or :5 x is b5t8 = ?is also w make a s5sible diff]5ce1 because 9 ! latt] position1 ! muscle1 call'd ! biceps1 9 ! front ( t "p ( ! arm1 swells up l a ball "o way1 & n>r[s itself ano!r2 nay all ! muscles %ift _! appe>ances 9 diff]5t movem5ts1 s t :atev] may h be5 pret5d$ by "s au?ors1 no exact ma!matical measurem5ts by l9es1 c be giv5 = ! true proportion ( a human body4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #fh & #ee ,x comes !n to ?is1 t no long] ?an :il/ we suppose all ! l5g?s & bread?s ( ! body1 or limbs1 to be z regul> figures z cyl9d]s1 or z ! leg1 figure #fh 9 plate ,i1 :i* is z r\nd z a roll+-/one1 are ! measures ( l5g?s to bread?s practicable1 or ( any use to ! k ( proportion3 s t z all ma!matical s*emes are =eign to ?is purpose1 we w endeav\r to root !m q out ( our way3 !re=e ,i mu/ n omit tak+ notice1 t ,alb]t ,dur]1 ,lomazzo1 7see two ta/eless figures tak5 f _! books ( proportion ,fig4 #ee p4 ,i7 & "s o!rs1 h n only puzzl$ mank9d ) a heap ( m9ute unnecess>y divisions1 b also ) a /range notion t ^? divisions are gov]n'd by ! laws ( music2 :i* mi/ake !y seem to h be5 l$ into1 by hav+ se5 c]ta9 uni=m & consonant divisions ^u "o /r+ produce h>mony to ! e>1 & by p]suad+ !mselves1 t simil> di/ances 9 l9es belong+ to =m1 w\ld1 9 l mann]1 delight ! eye4 ,! v rev]se ( :i* has be5 %ewn to be true1 9 ,*apt] ,,iii1 on ,uni=mity4 ,! l5g? ( ! foot1 say !y1 9 respect to ! bread?1 makes a d\ble suprabip>ti5t1 a diapason1 & a diatess]on#g3 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 w\ld h be5 full z applicable to ! e>1 or to a plant1 or to a tree1 or any o!r =m :atsoev]2 yet ^! sort ( notions h s f> prevail'd by "t1 t ! words1 h>mony ( p>ts1 seem z applicable to =m1 z to music4 #g ,note1 ^! au?ors assure y1 t ?is curi\s me?od ( measur+1 w produce beauty f> beyond any nature do? af=d4 ,lomazzo1 recomm5ds also ano!r s*eme1 ) a triangle1 to correct ! pov]ty ( nature1 z !y express !mselves4 ,^! nature-m5d]s put "o 9 m9d ( ,gulliv]'s tailor at ,laputa1 :o1 hav+ tak5 measure ( him = a suit ( clo!s1 ) a rule1 quadrant1 & compasses1 aft] a consid]able "t sp5t1 br\ght !m home ill-made4 ,not)/&+ ! absurdity ( ! above s*emes1 su* measures z are to be tak5 f antique /atues1 may be ( "s s]vice to pa9t]s & sculptors1 especially to "y beg9n]s1 b no?+ nigh ( su* use to !m1 z ! measures1 tak5 ! same way1 f anci5t build+s1 h be51 & are1 to ar*itects & build]s2 because ! latt] h to d ) little else b pla9 geometrical figures3 :i* measures1 h[ev]1 s]ve only 9 copy+ :at has be5 done be=e4 ,! few measures ,i %all speak (1 = ! sett+ out ! g5]al dim5sions ( a figure1 %all be tak5 by /raight l9es only1 = ! m easy conception ( :at may inde$ be prop]ly call'd1 gag+ ! cont5ts ( ! body1 suppos+ x solid l a m>ble /atue1 z ! wires 7 describ$ to d ,fig4 #b p4 ,i 9 ! introduction3 by :i* pla9 me?od1 cle> ideas may be acquir'd ( :at alone seem to me to require measur+1 ( :at c]ta9 l5g?s to :at bread?s make ! mo/ eligible proportions 9 g5]al4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,! mo/ g5]al dim5sions ( a body1 or limbs1 are l5g?s1 bread?s1 or ?icknesses3 n[ ! :ole g5tility ( a figure1 accord+ to its "*1 dep5ds ^u ! fir/ proportion+ ^! l9es or wires 7:i* are its measures7 prop]ly "o to ano!r2 & ! m v>i$ ^! l9es are1 ) respect to ea* o!r1 ! m may ! future divisions be v>i$ likewise1 t are to be made on !m2 & ( c\rse ! less v>i$ ^! l9es are1 ! p>ts influ5c$ by !m1 z !y mu/ con=m !mselves to !m1 mu/ h less v>iety too4 ,= example1 ! exact cross ,fig4 #fi ,r p4 ,,ii ( two equal l9es1 cutt+ ea* o!r 9 ! middle1 w\ld conf9e ! figure ( a man1 drawn con=mable to !m1 to ! disagreeable "* ( 8 be+ z broad z he is long4 ,& ! two l9es cross+ ea* o!r1 to make ! height & bread? ( a figure1 w want v>iety a contr>y way1 by "o l9e be+ v %ort 9 proportion to ! o!r1 & !re=e1 also incapable ( produc+ a figure ( tol]able v>iety4 ,to prove ?is1 x w be v easy = ! read] to make ! exp]im5t1 by draw+ a figure or two 7?o' ev] s imp]fectly7 conf9'd )9 su* limits4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi ,!re is a m$ium betwe5 ^!1 prop] = e "*1 :i* ! eye w easily & accurately det]m9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gj ,?us1 if ! l9es1 fig4 #gj ,r p4 ,,ii1 7 to be ! measure ( ! extreme l5g? & bread?1 set out ei!r = ! figure ( a man or a vase1 ! eye soon sees ! longe/ ( ^! is n q suffici5tly s1 9 proportion to ! o!r1 = a g5teel man2 & yet x w\ld make a vase too tap] to be elegant2 no rule or compasses w\ld decide ?is matt] ei!r s quickly or s precisely z a good eye4 ,x may be obs]v$1 t m9ute diff]5ces 9 great l5g?s1 are ( little or no consequ5ce z to proportion1 because !y are n to be disc]n$2 = a man is half an in* %ort] :5 he goes to b$ at night1 ?an :5 he rises 9 ! morn+1 )\t ! possibility ( its be+ p]ceiv$4 ,9 case ( a wag] ! application ( a rule or compasses may be necess>y1 b seldom on any o!r occasion4 ,?us mu* ,i appreh5d is suffici5t = ! consid]ation ( g5]al l5g?s to bread?s4 ,:]e1 by ! way1 ,i appreh5d ,i h pla9ly %ewn1 t !re is no practicable rule1 by l9es1 = m9utely sett+ out proportions = ! human body1 & if !re 71 ! eye alone mu/ det]m9e u 9 our *oice ( :at is mo/ pleas+ to itself4 ,?us hav+ dispat*'d g5]al dim5sion1 :i* we may say is almo/ z mu* ( proportion1 z is to be se5 :5 we h our cloa?s on3 ,i %all 9 ! second1 & m ext5sive me?od propos$ = consid]+ x1 set out 9 ! famili> pa? ( common obs]vation1 & appeal z ,i g on to our usual feel+1 or jo9t-s5sation1 ( figure & motion4 ,p]haps by m5tion+ two or ?ree kn[n in/ances x w be f\nd t almo/ e "o is f>!r advanc$ 9 ! k ( ?is speculative "p ( proportion ?an he imag9es2 especially he :o ha? be5 us$ to obs]ve nak$ figures do+ bodily ex]cise1 & m especially if he be any way int]e/$ 9 ! success ( !m2 & ! bett] he is acqua9t$ ) ! nature ( ! ex]cise itself1 /ill ! bett] judge he becomes ( ! figure t is to p]=m x4 ,= ?is reason1 no soon] are two box]s /ript to fight1 b ev5 a but*]1 ?us skill'd1 %ews himself a consid]able critic 9 proportion2 & on ?is sort ( judgm5t1 (t5 gives1 or takes ! odds1 at b>e sight only ( ! combatants4 ,i h he>d a blacksmi? h>angue l an anatomi/1 or sculptor1 on ! beauty ( a box]'s figure1 ?o' n p]haps 9 ! same t]ms2 & ,i firmly believe1 t "o ( our common pr(ici5ts 9 ! a?letic art1 w\ld be able to in/ruct & direct ! be/ sculptor liv+1 7:o ha? n se51 or is :olly ignorant ( ?is ex]cise7 9 :at w\ld give ! /atue ( an ,engli%-box]1 a mu* bett] proportion1 z to "*1 ?an is to be se51 ev5 9 ! fam\s gr\p ( antique box]s1 7or z "s call !m1 ,roman wre/l]s7 s mu* admir$ to ?is day4 ,inde$1 z _m p>ts ( ! body are s con/antly kept cov]'d1 ! proportion ( ! :ole _c be equally kn[n2 b z /ock+s are s close & ?9 a cov]+1 e "o judges ( ! diff]5t %apes & proportions ( legs ) great accuracy4 ,! ladies always speak skilfully ( necks1 h&s1 & arms2 & (t5 w po9t out su* p>ticul> beauties or defects 9 _! make1 z might easily escape ! obs]vation ( a man ( sci5ce4 ,surely1 su* det]m9ations c\ld n be made & pron\nc$ ) su* critical tru?1 if ! eye 7 n capable ( measur+ or judg+ ( ?icknesses by l5g?s1 ) great precis5ess4 ,nay m1 9 ord] to det]m9e s nicely z !y (t5 d1 x mu/ also at ! same "t1 trace ) "s skill ^? delicate w9d+s ^u ! surface :i* h be5 describ$ 9 page #fd & #fe1 :i* altoge!r may be obs]v'd to include ! two g5]al ideas m5tion'd at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]4 ,if s1 c]ta9ly x is 9 ! p[] ( a man ( sci5ce1 ) z obs]v+ an eye1 to g /ill fur!r1 & conceive1 ) a v little turn ( ?\ght1 _m o!r necess>y circum/ances conc]n+ proportion1 z ( :at size & 9 :at mann] ! bones help to make up ! bulk1 & support ! o!r p>ts2 z well z :at c]ta9 weights or dim5sions ( muscles are prop] 7accord+ to ! pr9ciple ( ! /eely>d7 to move su* or su* a l5g? ( arm ) ?is or t degree ( swiftness or =ce4 ,b ?\gh mu* ( ?is matt]1 may be easily und]/ood by common obs]vation1 assi/$ by sci5ce1 /ill ,i fe> x w be difficult to raise a v cle> idea ( :at con/itutes1 or composes ! utmo/ beauty ( proportion2 su* z is se5 9 ! ,ant9\s2 :i* is all[$ to be ! mo/ p]fect 9 ?is respect1 ( any ( ! antique /atues2 & ?o' ! lovely likewise seems to h be5 z mu* ! sculptor's aim1 z 9 ! ,v5us2 yet a manly /r5g? 9 its proportion is equally express'd f head to foot 9 x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f ,let u try1 h[ev]1 & z ?is ma/]-piece ( art is s well kn[n1 we w set x up be=e u z a patt]n1 & endeav\r to fabricate1 or put toge!r 9 ! m9d1 su* k9d ( p>ts z %all seem to build ano!r figure l x4 ,9 do+ :i*1 we %all soon f9d t x is *iefly to be effect$ by means ( ! nice s5sation we naturally h ( :at c]ta9 quantities or dim5sions ( p>ts1 are fitte/ to produce ! utmo/ /r5g? = mov+1 or support+ great weights2 & ( :at are mo/ fit = ! utmo/ light agility1 z also = e degree1 betwe5 ^! two extremes4 ,he :o ha? be/ p]fect$ 8 ideas ( ^! matt]s by common obs]vations1 & by ! assi/ance ( arts relative !reto1 w probably be mo/ precisely j & cle>1 9 conceiv+ ! application ( ! v>i\s p>ts & dim5sions1 t w occur to him1 9 ! foll[+ descriptive mann] ( dispos+ ( !m1 9 ord] to =m ! idea ( a f9e-proportion'd figure4 ,hav+ set up ! ,ant9\s z our patt]n1 we w suppose !re 7 plac$ on "o side ( x1 ! unwieldy elephant-l figure ( an ,atlas1 made up ( su* ?ick bones & muscles1 z w\ld be/ fit him = support+ a va/ weight1 accord+ to 8 "* ( extreme heavy /r5g?4 ,&1 on ! o!r side1 imag9e ! slim figure ( a ,m]cury1 e :]e neatly =m$ = ! utmo/ light agility1 ) sl5d] bones & tap] muscles fit = 8 nimble b\nd+ f ! gr\nd4--,bo? ^! figures mu/ be suppos$ ( equal height1 & n exce$+ six foot#h4 #h ,if ! scale ( ei!r ( ^! proportions 7 to exce$ six foot 9 ! life1 ! quality ( /r5g? 9 "o1 & agility 9 ! o!r1 w\ld gradually decrease1 ! l>g] ! p]son grew4 ,!re are suffici5t pro(s ( ?is1 bo? f me*anical reason+s & common obs]vation4 ,our extremes ?us plac$1 n[ imag9e ! ,atlas ?r[+ (f by degrees1 c]ta9 portions ( bone & muscle1 prop] = ! atta9m5t ( light agility1 z if aim+ at ! ,m]cury's airy =m & quality1 :il/ on ! o!r h&1 see ! ,m]cury augm5t+ 8 tap] figure by equal degrees1 & gr[+ t[>ds an ,atlas 9 equal "t1 by receiv+ to ! l places f :5ce !y came1 ! v quantities t ! o!r _h be5 ca/+ (f1 :51 z !y approa* ea* o!r 9 weight1 _! =ms ( c\rse may be imag9$ to gr[ m & m alike1 till at a c]ta9 po9t ( "t1 !y meet 9 j similitude2 :i* be+ an exact m$ium betwe5 ! two extremes1 we may !nce conclude x to be ! precise =m ( exact proportion1 fitte/ = p]fect active /r5g? or graceful movem5t2 su* z ! ,ant9\s we propos$ to imitate & figure 9 ! m9d#i4 #i ,! jocky :o kn[s to an ounce :at fle% or bone 9 a horse is fitte/ = spe$ or /r5g?1 w z easily conceive ! l process betwe5 ! /ronge/ dray-horse & ! fleete/ rac]1 & soon conclude1 t ! f9e w>-horse mu/ be ! m$ium betwe5 ! two extremes4 ,i am appreh5sive t ?is "p ( my s*eme1 = expla9+ exact proportion1 may n be ?\ght s suffici5tly det]m9ate z c\ld be wi%$3 be ?is z x w1 ,i mu/ submit x to ! read]1 z my be/ res\rce 9 s difficult a case3 & %all !re=e beg leave to try to illu/rate x a little m1 by obs]v+1 t1 9 l mann]1 any two opposite col\rs 9 ! ra9b[1 =m a ?ird betwe5 !m1 by ?us imp>t+ to ea* o!r _! peculi> qualities2 z = example1 ! brighte/ yell[1 & ! lively blue t is plac$ at "s di/ance f x1 visibly approa*1 & bl5d by int]*angable degrees1 &1 z above1 temp] r ?an de/roy ea* o!r's vig\r1 till !y meet 9 "o firm comp\nd2 :5ce1 at a c]ta9 po9t1 ! sight ( :at !y 7 orig9ally1 is q lo/2 b 9 _! /ead1 a mo/ pleas+ gre5 is f\nd1 :i* col\r nature ha? *ose = ! ve/m5t ( ! e>?1 & ) ! beauty ( :i* ! eye is nev] tir$4 ,f ! ord] ( ! ideas :i* ! description ( ! above ?ree figures may h rais$ 9 ! m9d1 we may easily compose betwe5 !m1 v>i\s o!r proportions4 ,& z ! pa9t]1 by means ( a c]ta9 ord] 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! col\rs ^u 8 pallet1 readily mixes up :at k9d ( t9t he pleases1 s may we mix up & comp\nd 9 ! imag9ation su* fit p>ts z w be consi/5t ) ?is or t p>ticul> "*1 or at lea/ be able !reby to discov] h[ su* *>act]s are compos$1 :5 we see !m ei!r 9 art or nature4 ,b p]haps ev5 ! ^w "*1 z x relates to =m1 may n be q und]/ood by e "o1 ?o' x is s frequ5tly us$3 nor d ,i rememb] to h se5 x expla9$ any :]e4 ,!re=e on ?is acc\nt--& also z x w fur!r %ew ! use ( ?9k+ ( =m & motion toge!r1 x w n be improp] to obs]ve1--t not)/&+ a "*1 9 ?is s5se1 *iefly dep5ds on a figure be+ rem>kable z to its =m1 ei!r 9 "s p>ticul> "p1 or altoge!r2 yet surely no figure1 be x ev] s s+ul>1 c be p]fectly conceiv$ z a "*1 till we f9d x connect$ ) "s rem>kable circum/ance or cause1 = su* p>ticul>ity ( appe>ance2 = in/ance1 a fat blot$ p]son do? n call to m9d ! "* ( a ,sil5us1 till we h jo9$ ! idea ( voluptu\sness ) x2 s likewise /r5g? to support1 & clums9ess ( figure1 are unit$1 z well 9 ! "* ( an ,atlas z 9 a port]4 ,:5 we consid] ! great weight *airm5 (t5 h to c>ry1 d we n readily cons5t t !re is a propriety & fitness 9 ! tuscan ord] ( _! legs1 by :i* !y prop]ly become *>act]s z to figure8 ,wat]m5 too1 are ( a di/9ct ca/1 or "*1 ^: legs are no less rem>kable = _! smallness3 = z !re is naturally ! greate/ call = nutrim5t to ! p>ts t are mo/ ex]cis$1 s ( c\rse ^! t lye s mu* /ret*$ out1 are apt to dw9dle1 or n gr[ to _! full size4 ,!re is sc>cely a wat]man t r[s ^u ! ,?ames1 ^: figure do? n confirm ?is obs]vation4 ,!re=e 7 ,i to pa9t ! "* ( a ,*>on1 ,i w\ld ?us di/+ui% 8 make f t ( a common man's2 &1 9 spite ( ! ^w l[1 v5ture to give him a broad pair ( %\ld]s1 & sp9dle %anks1 :e!r ,i _h ! au?ority ( an antique /atue1 or basso-relievo1 = x or n4 ,may be1 ,i _c ?r[ a /rong] light on :at has be5 hi!rto said ( proportion1 ?an by animadv]t+ on a rem>kable beauty 9 ! ,apollo-belv$]e2 :i* ha? giv5 x ! pref]5ce ev5 to ! ,ant9\s3 ,i mean a sup]-addition ( greatness1 to at lea/ z mu* beauty & grace1 z is f\nd 9 ! latt]4 ,^! two ma/]-pieces ( art1 are se5 toge!r 9 ! same palace at ,rome1 :]e ! ,ant9\s fills ! spectator ) admiration only1 :il/ ! ,apollo /rikes him ) surprise1 &1 z travell]s express !mselves1 ) an appe>ance ( some?+ m ?an human2 :i* !y ( c\rse are always at a loss to describe3 & ?is effect1 !y say1 is ! m a/oni%+1 z ^u exam9ation its disproportion is evid5t ev5 to a common eye4 ,"o ( ! be/ sculptors we h 9 ,engl&1 :o lately w5t to see !m1 confirm'd to me :at has be5 n[ said1 p>ticul>ly z to ! legs & ?ighs be+ too long1 & too l>ge = ! upp] p>ts4 ,& ,&rea ,sac*i1 "o ( ! great ,italian pa9t]s1 seems to h be5 ( ! same op9ion1 or he w\ld h>dly h giv5 8 ,apollo1 cr[n+ ,pasquil9i ! musician1 ! exact proportion ( ! ,ant9\s1 79 a fam\s picture ( 8 n[ 9 ,engl&7 z o!rwise x seems to be a direct copy f ! ,apollo4 ,al?\gh 9 v great works we (t5 see an inf]ior "p neglect$1 yet "h x _c be ! case1 because 9 a f9e /atue1 j proportion is "o ( its ess5tial beauties3 !re=e x /&s to reason1 t ^! limbs mu/ h be5 l5g!n$ on purpose1 o!rwise x might easily h be5 avoid$4 ,s t if we exam9e ! beauties ( ?is figure ?or\ghly1 we may reasonably conclude1 t :at has be5 hi!rto ?\ght s unacc\ntably excell5t 9 its g5]al appe>ance1 ha? be5 ow+ to :at ha? seem'd a blemi% 9 a "p ( x3 b let u endeav\r to make ?is matt] z cle> z possible1 z x may add m =ce to :at has be5 said4 ,/atues by be+ bigg] ?an life1 7z ?is is "o1 & l>g] ?an ! ,ant9\s7 always ga9 "s nobl5ess 9 effect1 accord+ to ! pr9ciple ( quantity#aj b ?is alone is n suffici5t to give :at is prop]ly to be call$1 greatness 9 proportion2 = 7 figures #ag & #ah1 9 plate ,i1 to be drawn or c>v$ by a scale ( t5 feet high1 !y w\ld /ill be b pigmy proportions1 z1 on ! o!r h&1 a figure ( b two in*es1 may repres5t a gigantic height4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ag & #ah #aj ,see ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,!re=e greatness ( proportion mu/ be consid]$1 z dep5d+ on ! application ( quantity to ^? p>ts ( ! body :]e x c give m scope to its grace 9 movem5t1 z to ! neck = ! l>g] & swan-l turns ( ! head1 & to ! legs & ?ighs1 = ! m ample sway ( all ! upp] p>ts toge!r4 ,by :i* we f9d t ! ,ant9\s's be+ equally magnifi$ to ! ,apollo's height1 w\ld n suffici5tly produce t sup]iority ( effect1 z to greatness1 s evid5tly se5 9 ! latt]4 ,! additions necess>y to ! production ( ?is greatness 9 proportion1 z x !re appe>s add$ to grace1 mu/ !n be1 by ! prop] application ( !m1 to ! p>ts m5tion'd only4 ,i "k n h[ fur!r to prove ?is matt] ?an by appeal+ to ! read]'s eye1 & common obs]vation1 z be=e4 ,! ,ant9\s be+ all[$ to h ! ju/e/ proportion possible1 let u see :at addition1 ^u ! pr9ciple ( quantity1 c be made to x1 )\t tak+ away any ( its beauty4 ,if we imag9e an addition ( dim5sions to ! head1 we %all imm$iately conceive x w\ld only de=m--if to ! h&s or feet1 we are s5sible ( some?+ gross & ung5teel1--if to ! :ole l5g?s ( ! arms1 we feel !y w\ld be dangl+ & aukw>d--if by an addition ( l5g? or bread? to ! body1 we "k x w\ld appe> heavy & clumsy--!re rema9s !n only ! neck1 ) ! legs & ?ighs to speak (2 b1 to ^! we f9d1 t n only c]ta9 additions may be admitt$ )\t caus+ any disagreeable effect1 b t !reby greatness1 ! la/ p]fection z to proportion1 is giv5 to ! human =m2 z is evid5tly express'd 9 ! ,apollo3 & may /ill be fur!r confirm$ by exam9+ ! draw+s ( ,p>migiano1 :]e ^! p>ticul>s are se5 9 excess2 yet on ?is acc\nt 8 works are said1 by all true connoisseurs1 to h an inexpressible greatness ( ta/e 9 !m1 ?\gh o!rwise v incorrect4 ,let u n[ return to ! two g5]al ideas we set out ) at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 & recollect t "u ! fir/1 on surface1 ,i h %ewn 9 :at mann]1 & h[ f> human proportion is measureable1 by v>y+ ! cont5ts ( ! body1 con=mable to ! giv5 proportion ( two l9es4 ,& t "u ! second & m ext5sive g5]al idea ( =m1 z aris+ f fitness = movem5t1 c4 ,i h endeav\r'd to expla91 by e means ,i c\ld devise1 t e p>ticul> & m9ute dim5sion ( ! body1 %\ld con=m to su* purposes ( movem5t1 c4 z h be5 fir/ prop]ly consid]$ & det]m9$3 on :i* conjunctively1 ! true proportion ( e "* mu/ dep5d2 & is f\nd s to d1 by our jo9t-s5sation ( bulk & motion4 ,:i* acc\nt ( ! proportion ( ! human body1 h[ev] imp]fect1 may possibly /& its gr\nd1 till "o m plausible %all be giv54 ,z ! ,apollo ,fig4 #ab p4 ,i has be5 only m5tion'd on acc\nt ( ! greatness ( its proportion1 ,i ?9k 9 ju/ice to s f9e a p]=mance2 & also z x is n =eign to ! po9t we h be5 ^u1 we may subjo9 an ,obs]vation or two on its p]fections4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab ,besides1 :at is commonly all['d1 if we consid] x by ! rules "h giv5 = con/itut+ or compos+ "*1 x w discov] ! au?or's great sagacity1 9 *oos+ a proportion = ?is deity1 :i* has s]v$ two noble purposes at once2 9 t ^! v dim5sions :i* appe> to h giv5 x s mu* dignity1 are ! same t are be/ fitt$ to produce ! utmo/ spe$4 ,& :at c\ld *>act]ise ! god ( day1 ei!r s /rongly or elegantly1 to be expressive 9 a /atue1 z sup]ior swiftness1 & beauty dignify'd8 & h[ poetically do? ! action x is put into1 c>ry on ! allusion to spe$1#aa z he is lightly /epp+ =w>d1 & seem+ to %oot 8 arr[s f him2 if ! arr[s may be all[$ to signify ! sun's rays8 ,?is at lea/ may z well be suppos$ z ! common surmise1 t he is kill+ ! dragon1 ,py?on2 :i* c]ta9ly is v inconsi/5t ) s erect an attitude1 & b5ign an aspect#ab4 #aa----! sun3 :i* come? =? z a bridegroom out ( 8 *amb]1 & rejoice? z a giant to run 8 c\rse4 ,psalm xix4 #e4 #ab ,! acc\nts giv51 9 relation to ?is /atue1 make x s highly probable t x 0 ! great ,apollo ( ,delphos1 t1 = my own "p1 ,i make no mann] ( d\bt ( its be+ s4 ,nor are ! inf]ior p>ts neglect$3 ! drap]y also t dep5ds f 8 %\ld]s1 & folds ov] 8 ext5d$ arm1 ha? its treble (fice4 ,z fir/1 x assi/s 9 keep+ ! g5]al appe>ance )9 ! b\nd>y ( a pyramid1 :i* be+ inv]t$1 is1 = a s+le figure1 r m natural & g5teel ?an "o ^u its basis4 ,secondly1 x fills up ! vacant angle "u ! arm1 & takes (f ! /raightness ( ! l9es ! arm necess>ily makes ) ! body 9 su* an action2 &1 la/ly1 spread+ z x do?1 9 pleas+ folds1 x helps to satisfy ! eye ) a noble quantity 9 ! composition altoge!r1 )\t depriv+ ! behold] ( any "p ( ! beauties ( ! nak$3 9 %ort1 ?is figure might s]ve1 7 a lecture to be read ov] x1 to exemplify e pr9ciple t ha? be5 hi!rto advanc$4 ,we %all !re=e close n only all we h to say on proportion ) x1 b our :ole l9eal acc\nt ( =m1 except :at we h p>ticul>ly to (f] z to ! face2 :i* x w be prop] to def]1 till we h spok5 ( light & %ade & col\r4 ,z "s ( ! anci5t /atues h be5 ( su* s+ul> use to me1 ,i %all beg leave to conclude ?is *apt] ) an obs]vation or two on !m 9 g5]al4 ,x is all[$ by ! mo/ skilful 9 ! imitative arts1 t ?o' !re are _m ( ! rema9s ( antiquity1 t h great excell5cies ab\t !m2 yet !re are n1 mod]ately speak+1 above tw5ty t may be ju/ly call$ capital4 ,!re is "o reason1 nev]!less1 besides ! bl9d v5]ation t g5]ally is paid to antiquity1 = hold+ ev5 _m v imp]fect pieces 9 "s degree ( e/imation3 ,i mean t peculi> ta/e ( elegance :i* s visibly runs ?r\gh !m all1 d[n to ! mo/ incorrect ( _! basso-relievos3 :i* ta/e1 ,i am p]suad$1 my read] w n[ conceive to h be5 entirely ow+ to ! p]fect k ! anci5ts mu/ h _h ( ! use ( ! precise s]p5t9e-l9e4 ,b ?is cause ( elegance n hav+ be5 s9ce suffici5tly und]/ood1 no wond] su* effects %\ld h appe>'d my/]i\s1 & h drawn mank9d into a sort ( religi\s e/eem1 & ev5 bigotry1 to ! works ( antiquity4 ,nor h !re be5 want+ ( artful p1 :o h made good pr(it ( ^? ^: unb\nd$ admiration ha? run !m into en?usiasm4 ,nay !re are1 ,i believe1 "s :o /ill c>ry on a com=table trade 9 su* orig9als z h be5 s defac$ & maim$ by "t1 t x w\ld be impossible1 )\t a pair ( d\ble-gr\nd connoisseur-spectacles1 to see :e!r !y h ev] be5 good or bad3 !y deal also 9 cook'd-up copies1 :i* !y are v apt to put (f = orig9als4 ,& :oev] d>es be bold en\gh to detect su* impositions1 f9ds himself imm$iately br&$1 & giv5 out z "o ( l[ ideas1 ignorant ( ! true sublime1 self-conceit$1 envi\s1 c4 ,b z !re are a great "p ( mank9d t delight mo/ 9 :at !y lea/ und]/&2 = ought ,i "k1 ! emolum5t may be equal betwe5 ! bubl] & ! bubl$3 at lea/ ?is seems to h be5 ,butl]'s op9ion3 ,d\btless ! pleasure is z great ,9 be+ *eat$1 z to *eat4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,( ,,light & ,,%ade1 & ! mann] 9 :i* objects are expla9$ to ! eye by !m4 ,al?\gh bo? ?is & ! next *apt] may seem m p>ticul>ly relative to ! art ( pa9t+1 ?an any ( ! =ego+2 yet1 z hi!rto1 ,i h endeav\r'd to be und]/ood by e read]1 s "h also ,i %all avoid1 z mu* z ! subject w p]mit1 speak+ ( :at w\ld only be well-conceiv$ by pa9t]s4 ,!re is su* a subtile v>iety 9 ! nature ( appe>ances1 t probably we %all n be able to ga9 mu* gr\nd by ?is enquiry1 unless we ex]t & apply ! full use ( e s5se1 t w convey to u any in=mation conc]n+ !m4 ,s f> z we h already gone1 ! s5se ( feel+1 z well z t ( see+1 ha? be5 apply'd to2 s t p]haps a man born bl9d1 may1 by 8 bett] t\* ?an is common to ^? :o h _! sight1 toge!r ) ! regul> process t has be5 "h giv5 ( l9es1 s feel out ! nature ( =ms1 z to make a tol]able judgm5t ( :at is beautiful to sight4 ,"h aga9 our o!r s5ses mu/ assi/ u1 not)/&+ 9 ?is *apt] we %all be m conf9$ to :at is communicat$ to ! eye by rays ( light2 & ?o' ?+s mu/ n[ be consid]'d z appe>ances only2 produc$ & made out m]ely by means ( lights1 %ades1 & col\rs4 ,by ! v>i\s circum/ances ( :i*1 e "o kn[s we h repres5t$ on ! flat surface ( ! look+-glass1 pictures equal to ! orig9als reflect$ by x4 ,! pa9t] too1 by prop] dispositions ( lights1 %ades1 & col\rs1 on 8 canvas1 w raise ! l ideas4 ,ev5 pr9ts1 by means ( lights & %ades alone1 w p]fectly in=m ! eye ( e %ape & di/ance :atsoev]1 9 :i* ev5 l9es mu/ be consid]'d z n>r[ p>ts ( %ade1 a numb] ( !m1 drawn or engrav'd neatly side by side1 call$ hat*+1 s]ve z %ades 9 pr9ts1 & :5 !y are artfully manag$1 are a k9d ( pleas+ succ$aneum to ! delicacy ( nature's4 ,c\ld mezzo-t9to pr9ts be wr\ght z accurately z ^? ) ! grav]1 !y w\ld come ne>e/ to nature1 because !y are done )\t /rokes or l9es4 ,i h (t5 ?\ght t a l&skip1 9 ! process ( ?is way ( repres5t+ x1 do? a little resemble ! fir/ com+ on ( day4 ,! copp]-plate x is done ^u1 :5 ! arti/ fir/ takes x into h&1 is wr\ght all ov] ) an edg'd-tool1 s z to make x pr9t "o ev5 black1 l night3 & 8 :ole "w aft] ?is1 is m]ely introduc+ ! lights into x2 :i* he does by scrap+ (f ! r\gh gra9 accord+ to 8 design1 artfully smoo?+ x mo/ :]e light is mo/ requir$3 b z he proce$s 9 burni%+ ! lights1 & cle>+ up ! %ades1 he is oblig$ to take (f frequ5t impressions to prove ! progress ( ! "w1 s t ea* pro( appe>s l ! diff]5t times ( a foggy morn+1 till "o becomes s f9i%'d z to be di/9ct & cle> en\gh to imitate a day-light piece4 ,i h giv5 ?is description because ,i ?9k ! :ole op]ation1 9 ! simple/ mann]1 %ews :at lights & %ades alone w d4 ,z light mu/ always be suppos$1 ,i ne$ only speak ( su* privations ( x z are call$ %ades or %ad[s1 :]e9 ,i %all endeav\r to po9t out & regul>ly describe a c]ta9 ord] & arrangem5t 9 _! appe>ance1 9 :i* ord] we may conceive diff]5t k9ds ( s(tn+s & modulations ( ! rays ( light :i* are said to fall ^u ! eye f e object x sees1 & to cause ^? m or less-pleas+ vibrations ( ! optic n]ves1 :i* s]ve to in=m ! m9d conc]n+ e diff]5t %ape or figure t pres5ts itself4 ,! be/ light = see+ ! %ad[s ( objects truly1 is1 t :i* comes 9 at a common siz$ w9d[1 :]e ! sun do? n %9e2 ,i %all !re=e speak ( _! ord] z se5 by ?is k9d ( light3 & %all take ! lib]ty 9 ! pres5t & foll[+ *apt]1 to consid] col\rs b z v>iegat$ %ades1 :i* toge!r ) common %ades1 w n[ be divid$ into two g5]al p>ts or bran*es4 ,! fir/ we %all call ,,prime ,,t9ts1 by :i* is meant any col\r or col\rs on ! surfaces ( objects2 & ! use we %all make ( ^! diff]5t hues w be to consid] !m z %ades to "o ano!r4 ,?us gold is a %ade to silv]1 c4 exclusive ( ^? additional %ades :i* may be made 9 any degree by ! privation ( light4 ,! second bran* may be call$ ,,retir+ ,,%ades1 :i* gradate or g (f by degrees1 z figs4 #hd & #he ,t p4 ,,ii4 ,^! %ades1 z !y v>y m or less1 produce beauty1 :e!r !y are occasion$ by ! privation ( light1 or made by ! p5cil+s ( art or nature4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #hd & #he ,:5 ,i come to treat ( col\r+1 ,i %all p>ticul>ly %ew 9 :at mann] ! gradat+ ( prime t9ts s]ve to ! mak+ a beautiful complexion2 9 ?is place we %all only obs]ve h[ nature ha? by ^! gradat+ %ades ornam5t$ ! surfaces ( animals2 fi% g5]ally h ?is k9d ( %ade f _! backs d[nw>d2 birds h _! fea!rs enri*$ ) x2 & _m fl[]s1 p>ticul>ly ! rose1 %ew x by ! gradually-increas+ col\rs ( _! leaves4 ,! sky always gradates "o way or o!r1 & ! ris+ or sett+ sun exhibits x 9 great p]fection1 ! imitat+ ( :i* 0 ,claud4 de ,lora9e's peculi> excell5ce1 & is n[ ,mr4 ,lamb]t's3 !re is s mu* ( :at is call$ h>mony to ! eye to be produc$ by ?is %ade1 t ,i believe we may v5ture to say1 9 art x is ! pa9t]'s gamut1 :i* nature has sweetly po9t$ out to u 9 :at we call ! eyes ( a peacock's tail3 & ! nice/ ne$le-work]s are taught to weave x into e fl[] & leaf1 "r or wrong1 z if x 0 z con/antly to be obs]v$ z x is se5 9 flames ( fire2 because x is always f\nd to ent]ta9 ! eye4 ,!re is a sort ( ne$le-"w call$ ,iri%-/it*1 done 9 ^! %ades only2 :i* pleases /ill1 ?o' x has long be5 out ( fa%ion4 ,!re is s /rict an analogy betwe5 %ade & s\nd1 t !y may well s]ve to illu/rate ea* o!r's qualities3 = z s\nds gradually decreas+ & increas+ give ! idea ( progression f1 or to ! e>1 j s d retir+ %ades %ew progression1 by figur+ x to ! eye4 ,?us1 z by objects gr[+ /ill fa9t]1 we judge ( di/ances 9 prospects1 s by ! decreas+ noise ( ?und]1 we =m ! idea ( its mov+ fur!r f u4 ,& ) reg>d to _! similitude 9 beauty1 l z ! gradat+ %ade pleases ! eye1 s ! increas+1 or swell+ note1 delights ! e>4 ,i h call'd x ! retir+ %ade1 because by ! successive1 or cont9ual *ange 9 its appe>ance1 x is equally in/rum5tal ) conv]g+ l9es#ac1 9 %ew+ h[ mu* objects1 or any p>ts ( !m1 retire or rec$e f ! eye2 )\t :i*1 a floor1 or horizontal-plane1 w\ld (t5 seem to /& upright l a wall4 ,& not)/&+ all ! o!r ways by :i* we le>n to "k at :at di/ances ?+s are f u1 frequ5t deceptions happ5 to ! eye on acc\nt ( defici5cies 9 ?is %ade3 = if ! light *ances to be s dispos$ on objects z n to give ?is %ade its true gradat+ appe>ance1 n only spaces are conf\nd$1 b r\nd ?+s appe> flat1 & flat ones r\nd4 #ac ,see p4 #ag4 ,! two conv]g+ l9es f ! %ip1 to ! po9t ,c1 "u fig4 #dg1 plate ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id ,b al?\gh ! retir+ %ade ha? ?is prop]ty1 :5 se5 ) conv]g+ l9es1 yet if x describes no p>ticul> =m1 z none ( ^? d 9 fig4 #id1 on top ( plate ,,ii1 x c only appe> z a flat-p5cil'd %ade2 b be+ inclos$ )9 "s kn[n b\nd>y or out-l9e1 su* z may signify a wall1 a road1 a globe1 or any o!r =m 9 p]spective :]e ! p>ts retire1 x w !n %ew its retir+ quality3 z = example1 ! retir+ %ade on ! floor1 9 plate ,,ii1 :i* gradates f ! dog's feet to ^? ( ! danc]'s1 %ews1 t by ?is means a level appe>ance is giv5 to ! gr\nd3 s :5 a cube is put into true p]spective on pap]1 ) l9es only1 :i* d b b>ely h9t ! directions e face ( x is meant to take1 ^! %ades make !m seem to retire j z ! p]spective l9es direct2 ?us mutually compleat+ ! idea ( ^? recessions :i* nei!r ( !m alone c\ld d4 ,illu/ration3 gradat$ %ade ,moreov]1 ! out-l9e ( a globe is b a circle on ! pap]2 yet1 accord+ to ! mann] ( fill+ up ! space )9 x1 ) ?is %ade1 x may be made to appe> ei!r flat1 globul>1 or concave1 9 any ( its positions ) ! eye2 & z ea* mann] ( fill+ up ! circle = ^? purposes mu/ be v diff]5t1 x evid5tly %ews ! necessity ( di/+ui%+ ?is %ade into z _m species or k9ds1 z !re are classes or species ( l9es1 ) :i* !y may h a correspond5ce4 ,9 do+ :i*1 x w be f\nd1 t1 by _! correspond5cy )1 & con=mity to objects1 ei!r compos$ ( /raight1 curv$1 wav+1 or s]p5t9e l9es1 !y ( c\rse take su* appe>ances ( v>iety z are adequate to ! v>iety made by ^? l9es2 & by ?is con=mity ( %ades we h ! same ideas ( any ( ! objects compos$ ( ! above l9es 9 _! front aspects1 z we h ( !m by _! pr(iles2 :i* o!rwise c\ld n be )\t feel+ !m4 ,n[ in/ead ( giv+ engrav$ examples ( ea* species ( %ade1 z ,i h done ( l9es1 ,i h f\nd t !y may be m satisfactorily po9t$ out & describ$ by hav+ rec\rse to ! life4 ,b 9 ord] to ! bett] & m precisely fix+ ^u :at may be !re se51 z ! di/9ct species1 ( :i* all ! %ades ( ! retir+ k9d 9 nature p>take1 9 "s degree or o!r1 ! foll[+ s*eme is (f]$1 & int5d$ z an additional means ( mak+ su* simple impressions 9 ! m9d1 z may be ?\ght adequate to ! f\r species ( l9es describ$ 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,:]e9 we are to suppose imp]ceptible degrees ( %ade gradat+ f "o figure to ano!r4 ,! fir/ species to be repres5t$ by1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e4 ! second by1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e4 & ! ?ird by1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e4 gradat+ f ! dots und]nea?1 repeat$ ei!r way4 ,z ! fir/ species v>ies or gradates b "o way1 x is !re=e lea/ ornam5tal1 & equal only to /raight l9es4 ,! second gradat+ contr>y ways1 d\bl+ ! o!rs v>iety1 is consequ5tly twice z pleas+1 & !reby equal to curv$ l9es4 ,! ?ird species gradat+ d\bly contr>y ways1 is !reby /ill m pleas+ 9 proportion to t quadruple v>iety :i* makes x become capable ( convey+ to ! m9d an equival5t 9 %ade1 :i* expresses ! beauty ( ! wav+ l9e1 :5 x _c be se5 z a l9e4 ,! retir+ %ade1 adequate to ! s]p5t9e l9e1 n[ %\ld foll[2 b z ! l9e itself c\ld n be express$ on pap]1 )\t ! figure ( a cone ,fig4 #bf p4 ,i1 s nei!r c ?is %ade be describ$ )\t ! assi/ance ( a prop] =m1 & !re=e mu/ be def]r$ a little long]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bf ,:5 only ! ornam5tal quality ( %ades is spok5 (1 = ! sake ( di/+ui%+ !m f retir+ %ades1 let !m be consid]$ z p5cil+s only2 :5ce ano!r advantage w arise1 :i* is1 t !n all ! int]v5+ mixtures1 ) _! degrees ( beauty betwe5 ea* species1 may be z easily conceiv$1 z ^? h be5 betwe5 ea* class ( l9es4 ,& n[ let u h rec\rse to ! exp]im5ts 9 life1 = su* examples z may expla9 ! retir+ p[] ( ea* species2 s9ce1 z has be5 be=e obs]v$1 !y mu/ be consid]$ toge!r ) _! prop] =ms1 or else _! prop]ties _c be well di/+ui%$4 ,all ! degrees ( obliquity t planes1 or flat surfaces are capable ( mov+ into1 h _! appe>ances ( recession p]fect$ by ! fir/ species ( retir+ %ades1 :i* may evid5tly be se5 by sett+ opposite a door1 z x is op5+ outw>ds f ! eye1 & front+ "o light4 ,b x w be prop] to premise1 t :5 x is q %ut1 & flat or p>allel to ! eye & w9d[1 x w h only a p5cil+ %ade gradat+ ^u x1 & spread+ all ar\nd f ! middle1 b :i* w n h ! p[] ( giv+ ! idea ( recession any way1 z :5 x op5s1 & ! l9es run 9 p]spective to a po9t2 because ! squ>e figure or p>allel l9es ( ! door1 d n correspond ) su* %ade2 b let a door be circul> 9 ! same situation1 & all )\t side1 or r\nd ab\t x1 pa9t$ ( any o!r col\r1 to make its figure m di/9ctly se51 & x w imm$iately appe> concave l a bason1 ! %ade cont9ually retir+2 because ?is circul> species ( %ade w\ld !n be accompani$ by its correspond+ =m1 a circle#ad4 #ad ,note1 if ! light 7 to come 9 at a v little hole n f> f ! door1 s z to make ! gradation sudd5 & /rong1 l :at may be made ) a small c&le held ne> a wall or a wa9scot1 ! bason w\ld appe> ! deep] = x4 ,note also1 t :5 planes are se5 p>allel to ! eye 9 op5 day-light1 !y h sc>ce any r\nd gradat+ or p5cil+ %ade at all1 b appe> m]ely z uni=m prime t9ts1 because ! rays ( light are equally diffus$ ^u !m4 ,nev]!less1 give !m b obliquity1 !y w m or less exhibit ! retir+ %ade4 ,b to return2 we obs]v'd t all ! degrees ( obliquity 9 ! mov+ ( planes or flat surfaces1 h ! appe>ances ( _! recession p]fect$ to ! eye by ! fir/ species ( retir+ %ade4 ,= example1 !n2 :5 ! door op5s1 & goes f its p>allel situation ) ! eye1 ! %ade la/ spok5 (1 may be obs]v$ to alt] & *ange its r\nd gradat+ appe>ance1 into t ( gradat+ "o way only2 z :5 a /&+ wat] takes a curr5t ^u ! lea/ p[] giv5 x to desc5d4 ,note1 if ! light %\ld come 9 at ! door-way1 in/ead ( ! w9d[1 ! gradation !n w\ld be rev]s$ b /ill ! effect ( recession w\ld be j ! same1 z ?is %ade ev] complies ) ! p]spective l9es4 ,9 ! next place1 let u obs]ve ! ovolo1 or qu>t]-r\nd 9 a cornice1 front+ ! eye 9 l mann]1 by :i* may be se5 an example ( ! second species2 :]e1 on its mo/ project+ "p1 a l9e ( light is se51 f :5ce ^! %ades retire contr>y ways1 by :i* ! curvature is und]/ood4 ,&1 p]haps1 9 ! v same cornice may be se5 an example ( ! ?ird species1 9 t ornam5tal memb] call$ by ! ar*itects cyma recta1 or talon1 :i* inde$ is no m ?an a l>g] sort ( wav+ or ogee m\ld+2 :]e91 by ! convex p>ts g5tly glid+ into ! concave1 y may see f\r contra/$ gradat+ %ades1 %ew+ s _m v>i$ recessions f ! eye2 by :i* we are made z s5sible ( its wav+ =m z if we saw ! pr(ile out-l9e ( "s corn] ( x1 :]e x is mit]'d1 z ! jo9]s t]m x4 ,note1 :5 ^! objects h a little gloss on !m ^! appe>ances are mo/ di/9ct4 ,la/ly1 ! s]p5t9e %ade may be se5 7light & situation z be=e7 by ! help ( ! foll[+ figure1 z ?us2 imag9e ! horn1 figure #eg1 plate ,,ii1 to be ( s s(t a nature1 t ) ! f+]s only1 x might be press$ into any %ape2 !n beg9n+ g5tly f ! middle ( ! dott$ l9e1 b press+ h>d] & h>d] all ! way up ! less] end1 by su* pressure !re w\ld be z mu* concave above1 z w\ld rema9 convex bel[1 :i* w\ld br+ x equal 9 v>iety or beauty to ! ogee m\ld+2 b aft] ?is1 by giv+ ! :ole a twi/1 l figure #eh1 ^! %ades mu/ unavoidably *ange _! appe>ances1 & 9 "s measure1 twi/ ab\t z ! concave & convex p>ts are twi/$1 & consequ5tly !reby add t v>iety1 :i* ( c\rse w give ?is species ( %ade1 z mu* ! pref]5ce to ! =ego+1 z =ms compos$ ( s]p5t9e l9es h1 to ^? compos$ only ( ! wav+4 ,see ,*apt] ,,ix & ,*apt] ,x4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #eg & #eh ,i %\ld n h giv5 my read] ! tr\ble ( compleat+1 by ! help ( 8 imag9ation1 ! =ego+ figure1 b z x may contribute to ! m ready & p>ticul> conception ( t intricate v>iety :i* twi/$ figures give to ?is species ( %ade1 & to facilitate 8 und]/&+ ! cause ( its beauty1 :]ev] x may be se5 on surfaces ( ornam5t1 :5 x w be f\nd no :]e m conspicu\s ?an 9 a f9e face1 z w be se5 ^u fur!r enquiry4 ,! dott$ l9e ,fig4 #ig ,b p4 ,i1 :i* beg9s f ! concave "p1 "u ! ar* ( ! br[1 ne> ! nose1 & f !nce w9d+ d[n by ! corn] ( ! eye1 & !re turn+ obliquely ) ! r\nd ( ! *eek1 %ews ! c\rse ( t twi/ ( %ades 9 a face1 :i* 0 be=e describ$ by ! horn2 & :i* may be mo/ p]fectly se5 9 ! life1 or 9 a m>ble bu/o1 toge!r ) ! foll[+ additional circum/ances /ill rema9+ to be describ$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig ,z a face is = ! mo/ "p r\nd1 x is !re=e apt to receive reflect$ light on its %ad[y side#ae1 :i* n only adds m beauty by ano!r pleas+ t5d] gradation1 b also s]ves to di/+ui% ! r\ndness ( ! *eeks1 c4 f su* p>ts z s9k & fall 93 because concavities d n admit ( reflections1 z convex =ms d#af4 #ae ,note1 ?\gh ,i h advis$ ! obs]v+ objects by a front light1 = ! sake ( ! bett] di/+ui%+ our f\r fundam5tal species ( %ades1 yet objects 9 g5]al are m advantagi\sly1 & agreeably se5 by light com+ side-ways ^u !m1 & !re=e g5]ally *ose 9 pa9t+s2 z x gives an additional reflect$ s(tness1 n unlike ! g5tle tone ( an e*o 9 music4 #af ,z an in/ance t convex & concave w\ld appe> ! same1 if ! =m] 7 to h no reflection ?r[n ^u1 obs]ve ! ovolo & cavetto1 or *annel1 9 a cornice1 plac$ ne> toge!r1 & se5 by a front light1 :5 !y w ea* ( !m1 by turns1 appe> ei!r concave1 or convex1 z fancy %all direct4 ,i h n[ only to add1 t z be=e obs]v$1 ,*apt] ,,iv1 page #bc1 t ! oval ha? a noble simplicity 9 x1 m equal to its v>iety ?an any o!r object 9 nature2 & ( :i* ! g5]al =m ( a face is compos$2 !re=e1 f :at has be5 n[ %ewn1 ! g5]al gradation-%ade belong+ to x1 mu/ consequ5tly be adequate !reto1 & :i* evid5tly gives a delicate s(tness to ! :ole composition ( a face2 insomu* t e little d5t1 crack1 or scrat*1 ! =m receives1 its %ad[s also suff] ) x1 & help to %ew ! blemi%4 ,ev5 ! lea/ r\ghness int]rupts & damages t s(t gradat+ play ( %ades :i* fall ^u x4 ,mr4 ,dryd51 describ+ ! light & %ades ( a face1 9 8 epi/le to ,sir ,godfrey ,knell] ! portrait pa9t]1 seems1 by ! p5etration ( 8 incomp>able g5ius1 to h und]/ood t language 9 ! works ( nature1 :i* ! latt]1 by means ( an exact eye & a /rict obey+ h&1 c\ld only fai?fully transcribe2 :5 he says1 ,:]e light to %ades desc5d+1 plays1 n /rives1 ,dies by degrees1 & by degrees revives4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,( ,,composition ) reg>d to ,,light1 ,,%ade & ,,col\rs4 ,"u ?is head ,i %all attempt %ew+ :at x is t gives ! appe>ance ( t holl[ or vacant space 9 :i* all ?+s move s freely2 & 9 :at mann] light1 %ade & col\rs1 m>k or po9t out ! di/ances ( "o object f ano!r1 & occasion an agreeable play ^u ! eye1 call$ by ! pa9t]s a f9e keep+1 & pleas+ composition ( light & %ade4 ,h]e9 my design is to consid] ?is matt] z a p]=mance ( nature )\t1 or be=e ! eye2 ,i mean1 z if ! objects ) _! %ades1 c4 7 9 fact circum/anc$ z !y appe>1 & z ! unskill'd 9 optics take !m to be4 ,& let x be rem>k$ ?r\gh\t ?is *apt]1 t ! pleasure aris+ f composition1 z 9 a f9e l&skip1 c4 is *iefly ow+ to ! dispositions & assemblages ( light & %ades1 :i* are s ord]'d by ! pr9ciples call$ ,,opposition1 ,,bread? & ,,simplicity1 z to produce a j & di/9ct p]ception ( ! objects be=e u4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u t ! eye may be subdu$ & =c$ into =m+ & dispos+ ( objects ev5 q contr>y to :at x w\ld naturally see !m1 by ! prejudgm5t ( ! m9d f ! bett] au?ority ( feel+1 or "s o!r p]suasive motive4 ,b surely ?is extraord9>y p]v]sion ( ! sight w\ld n h be5 suff]'d1 did x n t5d to great & necess>y purposes1 9 rectify+ "s defici5cies :i* x w\ld o!rwise be subject to 7?o' we mu/ own at ! same "t1 t ! m9d itself may be s impos$ ^u z to make ! eye see falsely z well z truly7 = example1 7 x n = ?is contr\l ov] ! sight1 x is well kn[n1 t we %\ld n only see ?+s d\ble1 b upside d[n1 z !y are pa9t$ ^u ! ret9a1 & z ea* eye has a di/9ct sight4 ,& !n z to di/ances2 a fly ^u a pane ( glass is sometimes imag9$ a cr[1 or l>g] bird af> (f1 till "s circum/ance ha? rectifi$ ! mi/ake1 & conv9c$ u ( its real size & place4 ,h5ce ,i w\ld inf]1 t ! eye g5]ally gives its ass5t to su* space & di/ances z h be5 fir/ measur$ by ! feel+1 or o!rwise calculat$ 9 ! m9d3 :i* measurem5ts & calculations are equally1 if n m1 9 ! p[] ( a bl9d man1 z 0 fully exp]i5c$ by t incomp>able ma!matician & wond] ( 8 age1 ! late pr(essor ,s&]son4 ,by pursu+ ?is obs]vation on ! faculties ( ! m9d1 an idea may be =m$ ( ! means by :i* we atta9 to ! p]ception or appe>ance ( an imm5se space surr\nd+ u2 :i* cavity1 be+ subject to divisions & subdivisions 9 ! m9d1 is aft]w>ds fa%ion$ by ! limit$ p[] ( ! eye1 fir/ into a hemisph]e1 & !n into ! appe>ance ( diff]5t di/ances1 :i* are pictur$ to x by means ( su* dispositions ( light & %ade z %all next be describ$4 ,& ^! ,i n[ desire may be look$ ^u1 b z s _m m>ks or types set ^u ^! di/ances1 & :i* are rememb]'d & le>nt by degrees1 & :5 le>nt1 are recurr$ to ^u all occasions4 ,if p]mitt$ !n to consid] light & %ades z types ( di/9ction1 !y become1 z x 71 our mat]ials1 ( :i* prime t9ts are ! pr9cipal2 by ^!1 ,i mean ! fix$ & p]man5t col\rs ( ea* object1 z ! gre5 ( trees1 c4 :i* s]ve ! purposes ( sep>at+ & reliev+ ! sev]al objects by ! diff]5t /r5g?s or %ades ( !m be+ oppos$ to ea* o!r ,fig4 #hf ,t p4 ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hf ,! o!r %ades t h be5 be=e spok5 (1 s]ve & help to ! l purposes :5 prop]ly oppos$2 b z 9 nature !y are cont9ually fleet+ & *ang+ _! appe>ances1 ei!r by our or _! situations1 !y sometimes oppose & relieve1 & sometimes n1 z = in/ance2 ,i once obs]v$ ! t[]-"p ( a /eeple s exactly ! col\r ( a light cl\d beh9d x1 t1 at ! di/ance ,i /ood1 !re 0 n ! lea/ di/9ction to be made1 s t ! spire 7( a lead-col\r7 seem$ susp5d$ 9 ! air2 b _h a cl\d ( ! l t9t ) ! /eeple1 suppli$ ! place ( ! :ite "o1 ! t[] w\ld !n h be5 reliev$ & di/9ct1 :5 ! spire w\ld h be5 lo/ to ! view4 ,nor is x suffici5t t objects are ( diff]5t col\rs or %ades1 to %ew _! di/ances f ! eye1 if "o does n 9 "p hide or lay ov] ! o!r1 z 9 fig4 #hf4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ij ,= z fig4 #ij ,t p4 ,,ii ! two equal balls1 ?o' "o 7 black & ! o!r :ite1 plac$ on ! sep>ate walls1 suppos$ di/ant f ea* o!r tw5ty or ?irty feet1 nev]!less1 may seem bo? to re/ ^u "o1 if ! tops ( ! walls are level ) ! eye2 b :5 "o ball hides "p ( ! o!r1 z 9 ! same figure1 we beg9 to appreh5d !y are ^u diff]5t walls1 :i* is det]m9'd by ! p]spective#ag3 h5ce y w see ! reason1 :y ! /eeple ( ,bloomsbury-*ur*1 9 com+ f ,hamp/ead1 seems to /& ^u ,montague-h\se1 ?o' x is sev]al hundr$ y>ds di/ant f x4 #ag ,! k ( p]spective is no small help to ! see+ objects truly1 = :i* purpose ,dr4 ,brook ,taylor's ,l9e> p]spective made easy to ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) geometry1 propos$ to be publi%'d soon by ,mr4 ,kirby ( ,ipswi*1 may be ( mo/ s]vice4 ,s9ce !n ! opposition ( "o prime t9t or %ade to ano!r1 ha? s great a %>e 9 m>k+ out ! recessions1 or di/ances 9 a prospect1 by :i* ! eye is l$ onw>d /ep by /ep1 x becomes a pr9ciple ( consequ5ce en\gh to be fur!r discuss$1 ) reg>d to ! managem5t ( x 9 compositions ( nature1 z well z art4 ,z to ! managem5t ( x1 :5 se5 only f "o po9t1 ! arti/ ha? ! advantage ov] nature1 because su* fix'd dispositions ( %ades z he ha? artfully put toge!r1 _c be displac$ by ! alt]ation ( light1 = :i* reason1 designs done 9 two prime t9ts only1 w suffici5tly repres5t all ^? recessions1 & give a j keep+ to ! repres5tation ( a prospect1 9 a pr9t2 :]eas1 ! oppositions 9 nature1 dep5d+1 z has be5 be=e h9t$1 on accid5tal situations & unc]ta9 incid5ts1 d n always make su* pleas+ composition1 & w\ld !re=e h be5 v (t5 defici5t1 _h nature work$ 9 two col\rs only2 = :i* reason %e ha? provid$ an inf9ite numb] ( mat]ials1 n only by way ( prev5tion1 b to add lu/re & beauty to h] works4 ,by an inf9ite numb] ( mat]ials1 ,i mean col\rs & %ades ( all k9ds & degrees2 "s notion ( :i* v>iety may be =m$ by suppos+ a piece ( :ite silk by sev]al dipp+s gradually dy$ to a black2 & c>ry+ x 9 l mann] ?r\gh ! prime t9ts ( yell[1 r$1 & blue2 & !n aga91 by mak+ ! l progress ?r\gh all ! mixtures t are to be made ( ^! ?ree orig9al col\rs4 ,s t :5 we survey ?is inf9ite & imm5se v>iety1 x is no wond]1 t1 let ! light or objects be situat$ or *ang$ h[ !y w1 oppositions seldom miss2 nor t ev5 e incid5t ( %ade %\ld sometimes be s completely dispos$ z to admit ( no fur!r beauty1 z to composition2 & f :5ce ! arti/ ha? by obs]vation tak5 8 pr9ciples ( imitation1 z 9 ! foll[+ respect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hi ,^? objects :i* are int5d$ mo/ to affect ! eye1 & come =w>de/ to ! view1 mu/ h l>ge1 /rong1 & sm>t oppositions1 l ! =e-gr\nd 9 fig4 #hi p4 ,,ii1 & :at are design$ to be ?r[n fur!r (f1 mu/ be made /ill weak] & weak]1 z express$ 9 figures #hf1 #ib1 & #ic1 :i* rec$+ 9 ord] make a k9d ( gradation ( oppositions2 to :i*1 & all ! o!r circum/ances already describ$1 bo? = recession1 & beauty1 nature ha? add$ :at is kn[n by ! "n ( a]ial p]spective2 be+ t int]position ( air1 :i* ?r[s a g5]al s(t retir+ t9t ov] ! :ole prospect2 to be se5 9 excess at ! ris+ ( a fog4 ,all :i* aga9 receives /ill m di/9ctness1 z well z a great] degree ( v>iety1 :5 ! sun %9es bright1 & ca/s broad %ad[s ( "o object ^u ano!r2 :i* gives ! skilful design] su* h9ts = %ew+ broad & f9e oppositions ( %ades1 z give life & _s to 8 p]=mances4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ib & #ic ,,bread? ( ,,%ade is a pr9ciple t assi/s 9 mak+ di/9ction m conspicu\s2 ?us fig4 #hg p4 ,i1 is bett] di/+ui%'d by its bread? or quantity ( %ade1 & view'd ) m ease & pleasure at any di/ance1 ?an fig4 #hh p4 ,i1 :i* ha? _m1 & ^! b n>r[ %ades betwe5 ! folds4 ,& = "o ( ! noble/ in/ances ( ?is1 let ,w9dsor-ca/le be view$ at ! ris+ or sett+ ( ! sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #hg & #hh ,let bread? be introduc$ h[ x w1 x always gives great repose to ! eye2 z on ! contr>y1 :5 lights & %ades 9 a composition are scatt]$ ab\t 9 little spots1 ! eye is con/antly di/urb$1 & ! m9d is uneasy1 especially if y are eag] to und]/& e object 9 ! composition1 z x is pa9ful to ! e> :5 any "o is anxi\s to "k :at is said 9 company1 :]e _m are talk+ at ! same "t4 ,,simplicity 7:i* ,i am la/ to speak (7 9 ! disposition ( a great v>iety1 is be/ accompli%$ by foll[+ nature's con/ant rule1 ( divid+ composition into ?ree or five p>ts1 or p>cels1 see ,*apt] ,,iv on simplicity3 ! pa9t]s accord+ly divide !irs into =e-gr\nd1 middle-gr\nd1 & di/ance or back-gr\nd2 :i* simple & di/9ct quantities mass toge!r t v>iety :i* ent]ta9s ! eye2 z ! diff]5t p>ts ( base1 t5or1 & treble1 9 a composition 9 music1 ent]ta9 ! e>4 ,let ^! pr9ciples be rev]s$1 or neglect$1 ! ! light & %ade w appe> z disagreeable z fig4 #ia ,t p4 ,,ii1 :]eas1 0 ?is to be a composition ( lights & %ades only1 prop]ly dispos$1 ?o' rang$ "u no p>ticul> figures1 x might /ill h ! pleas+ effect ( a picture4 ,& "h1 z x w\ld be endless to ent] ^u ! diff]5t effects ( lights & %ades on lucid & transp>5t bodies1 we %all leave !m to ! read]'s obs]vation1 & s conclude ?is *apt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ia ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,( ,,col\r+4 ,by ! beauty ( col\r+1 ! pa9t]s mean t disposition ( col\rs on objects1 toge!r ) _! prop] %ades1 :i* appe> at ! same "t bo? di/9ctly v>i$ & artfully unit$1 9 compositions ( any k9d2 b1 by way ( pre-em95ce1 x is g5]ally und]/ood ( fle%-col\r1 :5 no o!r composition is nam$4 ,to avoid confusion1 & hav+ already said en\gh ( retir+ %ades1 ,i %all n[ only describe ! nature & effect ( ! prime t9t ( fle%2 = ! composition ( ?is1 :5 rightly und]/ood1 compreh5ds e ?+ t c be said ( ! col\r+ ( all o!r objects :atev]4 ,& h]e9 7z has be5 %ewn 9 ,*apt] ,,viii1 ( ! mann] ( compos+ pleas+ =ms7 ! :ole process w dep5d ^u ! art ( v>y+2 i4 e4 ^u an artful mann] ( v>y+ e col\r belong+ to fle%1 "u ! direction ( ! six fundam5tal pr9ciples !re spok5 (4 ,b be=e we proce$ to %ew 9 :at mann] ^! pr9ciples conduce to ?is design1 we %all take a view ( nature's curi\s ways ( produc+ all sorts ( complexions1 :i* may help to fur!r our conception ( ! pr9ciples ( v>y+ col\rs1 s z to see :y !y cause ! effect ( beauty4 ,x is well kn[n1 ! fair "y girl1 ! br[n old man1 & ! negro2 nay1 all mank9d1 h ! same appe>ance1 & are alike disagreeable to ! eye1 :5 ! upp] sk9 is tak5 away3 n[ to conceal s disagreeable an object1 & to produce t v>iety ( complexions se5 9 ! _w1 nature ha? contriv$ a transp>5t sk91 call$ ! cuticula1 ) a l9+ to x ( a v extraord9>y k9d1 call$ ! cutis2 bo? :i* are s ?9 any little scald w make !m bli/] & peel (f4 ,^! adh]+ sk9s are m or less transp>5t 9 "s p>ts ( ! body ?an 9 o!rs1 & likewise diff]5t 9 diff]5t p]sons4 ,! cuticula alone is l gold-beat]s-sk91 a little wet1 b some:at ?9n]1 especially 9 fair "y p1 :i* w\ld %ew ! fat1 lean1 & all ! blood-vessels1 j z !y lie "u x1 z ?r\gh ,is+lass1 7 x n = its l9+ ! cutis1 :i* is s curi\sly con/ruct$1 z to exhibit ^? ?+s b5ea? x :i* are necess>y to life & motion1 9 pleas+ arrangem5ts & dispositions ( beauty4 ,! cutis is compos$ ( t5d] ?reads l network1 fill'd ) diff]5t col\r'd juices4 ,! :ite juice s]ves to make ! v fair complexion2--yell[1 makes ! brunnet2--br[ni% yell[1 ! ruddy br[n2--gre5 yell[1 ! olive2--d>k br[n1 ! mulatto2--black1 ! negro2--,^! diff]5t col\r'd juices1 toge!r ) ! diff]5t me%es ( ! network1 & ! size ( its ?reads 9 ?is or t "p1 causes ! v>iety ( complexions4 ,a description ( ?is mann] ( its %ew+ ! rosy col\r ( ! *eek1 &1 9 l mann]1 ! blui% t9ts ab\t ! temple1 c4 see 9 ! pr(ile fig4 #ie ,t p4 ,,ii1 :]e y are to suppose ! black /rokes ( ! pr9t to be ! :ite ?reads ( ! network1 & :]e ! /rokes are ?icke/1 & ! "p blacke/1 y are to suppose ! fle% w\ld be :ite/2 s t ! light] "p ( x /&s = ! v]milion-col\r ( ! *eek1 gradat+ e way4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ie ,"s p]sons h ! network s equally wove ov] ! :ole body1 face & all1 t ! greate/ heat or cold w h>dly make !m *ange _! col\r2 & ^! are seldom se5 to blu%1 ?o' ev] s ba%ful1 :il/ ! texture is s f9e 9 "s "y wom51 t !y r$d51 or turn pale1 on ! lea/ occasion4 ,i am apt to ?9k ! texture ( ?is network is ( a v t5d] k9d1 subject to damage _m ways1 b able to recov] itself aga91 especially 9 y\?4 ,! fair fat heal?y *ild ( #c or #d ye>s old ha? x 9 great p]fection2 mo/ visible :5 x is mod]ately w>m1 b till t age some:at imp]fect4 ,x is 9 ?is mann]1 !n1 t nature seems to d h] "w4--,& n[ let u see h[ by art ! l appe>ance may be made & p5cil$ on ! surface ( a uni=m col\r$ /atue ( wax or m>ble2 by describ+ :i* op]ation we %all /ill m p>ticul>ly po9t out :at is to our pres5t purpose3 ,i mean ! reason :y ! ord] nature ha? ?us made use ( %\ld /rike u ) ! idea ( beauty2 :i* by ! way1 p]haps may be ( m use to "s pa9t]s ?an !y w c>e to own4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #id ,!re are b ?ree orig9al col\rs 9 pa9t+ besides black & :ite1 viz4 r$1 yell[ & blue4 ,gre51 & purple1 are comp\nd$2 ! fir/ ( blue & yell[1 ! latt] ( r$ & blue3 h[ev] ^! comp\nds be+ s di/9ctly diff]5t f ! orig9al col\rs1 we w rank !m z su*4 ,fig4 #id ,t p4 ,,ii1 repres5ts mixt up1 z on a pa9t]'s pallet1 scales ( ^! five orig9al col\rs divid$ into sev5 classes--#a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g4--d1 is ! m$ium1 & mo/ brillant class1 be+ t :i* w appe> a firm r$1 :5 ^? ( #e1 #f1 #g1 w\ld deviate into :ite1 & ^? ( #a1 #b1 #c1 w\ld s9k into black1 ei!r by twilight or at a mod]ate di/ance f ! eye1 :i* %ews #d to be brighte/1 & a m p]man5t col\r ?an ! re/4 ,b z :ite is ne>e/ to light x may be said to be equal if n sup]ior 9 value z to beauty1 ) class #d4 ,!re=e ! classes #e1 #f1 #g1 h also1 almo/ equal beauty ) x too1 because :at !y lose ( _! brillancy & p]man5cy ( col\r1 !y ga9 f ! :ite or light2 :]eas #c1 #b1 #a1 absolutely lose _! beauty by degrees z !y approa* ne>] to black1 ! repres5tative ( d>kness4 ,let u !n1 = di/9ction & pre-em95ce sake1 call class #d ( ea* col\r1 bloom t9ts1 or if y please1 virg9 t9ts1 z ! pa9t]s call !m2 & once m recollect1 t 9 ! disposition ( col\rs z well z ( =ms1 v>iety1 simplicity1 di/9ctness1 intricacy1 uni=mity & quantity1 direct 9 giv+ beauty to ! col\r+ ( ! human frame1 especially if we include ! face1 :]e uni=mity & /rong opposition ( t9ts are requir$1 z 9 ! eyes & m\?1 :i* call mo/ = our att5tion4 ,b = ! g5]al hue ( fle% n[ to be describ$1 v>iety1 intricacy & simplicity1 are *iefly requir$4 ,! value ( ! degrees ( col\r be+ ?us consid]'d & rang$ 9 ord] ^u ! pallet1 figure #id1 let u next apply !m to a bu/o1 fig4 #if ,r p4 ,,ii1 ( :ite m>ble1 :i* may be suppos$ to let e t9t s9k into x1 l z a drop ( ink s9ks 9 & spreads itself ^u c\rse pap]1 :]eby ea* t9t w gradate all ar\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if ,if y w\ld h ! neck ( ! bu/o t+$ ( a v florid & lively complexion1 ! p5cil mu/ be dipt 9 ! bloom t9ts ( ea* col\r z !y /& "o above ano!r at ,no4 #d4--;if = a less florid1 9 ^? ( ,no4 #e--;if = a v fair1 f ,no4 #f--;& s on till ! m>ble w\ld sc>ce be t+'d at all3 let !re=e ,no4 #f1 be our pres5t *oice1 & beg9 ) p5cil+ on ! r$1 z at r1 ! yell[ t9t at y1 ! blue t9t at b1 & ! purple or lake t9t at p4 ,^! f\r t9ts ?us laid on1 proce$ to cov]+ ! :ole neck & brea/1 b /ill *ang+ & v>y+ ! situations ( ! t9ts ) "o ano!r1 also caus+ _! %apes & sizes to diff] z mu* z possible2 r$ mu/ be (t5e/ repeat$1 yell[ next (t51 purple r$ next1 & blue b seldom1 except 9 p>ticul> p>ts z ! temples1 backs ( ! h&s1 c4 :]e ! l>g] ve9s %ew _! bran*+ %apes 7sometimes too di/9ctly7 /ill v>y+ ^? appe>ances4 ,b !re are no d\bt inf9ite v>iations 9 nature1 f :at may be call$ ! mo/ beautiful ord] & disposition ( ! col\rs 9 fle%1 n only 9 diff]5t p]sons1 b 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! same1 all subject to ! same pr9ciples 9 "s degree or o!r4 ,n[ if we imag9e ?is :ole process to be made ) ! t5d] t9ts ( class #g1 z !y are suppos$ to /&1 r$1 yell[1 blue1 gre5 & purple1 und]nea? ea* o!r2 ! g5]al hue ( ! p]=mance w be a seem+ uni=m prime t9t1 at any little di/ance1 t is a v fair1 transp>5t & pe>l-l complexion2 b nev] q uni=m z sn[1 ivory1 m>ble or wax1 l a poet's mi/ress1 = ei!r ( ^! 9 liv+-fle%1 w\ld 9 tru? be hide\s4 ,z 9 nature1 by ! g5]al yell[i% hue ( ! cuticula1 ! gradat+ ( "o col\r into ano!r appe>s to be m delicately s(t5'd & unit$ toge!r2 s w ! col\rs we are suppos$ to h be5 lay+ ^u ! bu/o1 appe> to be m unit$ & mell[$ by ! oils !y are gr\nd 91 :i* takes a yell[i% ca/ aft] a little "t1 b is apt to d m mis*ief h]eby ?an good2 = :i* reason c>e is tak5 to procure su* oil z is cle>e/1 & w be/ keep its col\r#ah 9 oil pa9t+4 #ah ,not)/&+ ! deep-root$ notion1 ev5 among ! majority ( pa9t]s !mselves1 t "t is a great improv] ( good pictures1 ,i w und]take to %ew1 t no?+ c be m absurd4 ,hav+ m5tion'd above ! :ole effect ( ! oil1 let u n[ see 9 :at mann] "t op]ates on col\rs !mselves2 9 ord] to discov] if any *anges 9 !m c give a picture m union & h>mony ?an has be5 9 ! p[] ( a skilful ma/]1 ) all 8 rules ( art1 to d4 ,:5 col\rs *ange at all x mu/ be some:at 9 ! mann] foll[+1 = z !y are made "s ( metal1 "s ( e>?1 "s ( /one1 & o!rs ( m p]i%able mat]ials1 "t _c op]ate on !m o!rwise ?an z by daily exp]i5ce we f9d x do?1 :i* is1 t "o *anges d>k]1 ano!r light]1 "o q to a diff]5t col\r1 :il/ ano!r1 z ultram>9e1 w keep its natural brightness ev5 9 ! fire4 ,!re=e h[ is x possible t su* diff]5t mat]ials1 ev] v>i\sly *ang+ 7visibly aft] a c]ta9 "t7 %\ld accid5tally co9cide ) ! arti/'s int5tion1 & br+ ab\t ! great] h>mony ( ! piece1 :5 x is manife/ly contr>y to _! nature1 = d we n see 9 mo/ collections t mu* "t disunites1 untunes1 black5s1 & by degrees de/roys ev5 ! be/ pres]v$ pictures4 ,b if = argum5t sake we suppose1 t ! col\rs 7 to fall equally toge!r1 let u see :at advantage ?is w\ld give to any sort ( composition4 ,we w beg9 ) a fl[]-piece3 :5 a ma/] ha? pa9t$ a rose1 a lily1 an african1 a g5tianella1 or violet1 ) 8 be/ art1 & brighte/ col\rs1 h[ f> %ort d !y fall ( ! fre%ness & ri* brillancy ( nature2 & %all we wi% to see !m fall /ill l[]1 m fa9t1 sulli$1 & dirti$ by ! h& ( "t1 & !n admire !m z hav+ ga9$ an additional beauty1 & call !m m5d$ & height5$1 r ?an f\l$1 & 9 a mann] de/roy'd2 h[ absurd6 ,in/ead ( mell[ & s(t5$ !re=e1 always read yell[ & sulli$1 = ?is is do+ "t ! de/roy]1 b common ju/ice4 ,or %all we desire to see complexions1 :i* 9 life are (t51 lit]ally1 z brillant z ! fl[]s above-m5tion'd1 s]v$ 9 ! l ungrateful mann]4 ,9 a l&skip1 w ! wat] be m transp>5t1 or ! sky %9e ) a great] lu/re :5 embr[n'd & d>k5'd by decay8 surely no4 ,i own x w\ld be a pity t ,mr4 ,addison's beautiful description ( "t at "w 9 ! gall]y ( pictures1 & ! foll[+ l9es ( ,mr4 ,dryd51 %\ld want a suffici5t f\ndation2-- ,= "t %all ) 8 ready p5cil /&1 ,ret\* y\r figures ) 8 rip5+ h&2 ,mell[ y\r col\rs1 & imbr[n ! t9t2 ,add e grace :i* "t alone c grant2 ,to future ages %all y\r fame convey1 ,& give m beauties ?an he takes away4 ,dryd5 to ,knell]4 7 x n t ! error !y are built ^u1 ha? be5 a cont9ual blight to ! gr[? ( ! art1 by misguid+ bo? ! pr(ici5t1 & ! enc\rag]2 & (t5 compell+ ! =m]1 contr>y to 8 judgm5t1 to imitate ! damag$ hue ( decay$ pictures2 s t :5 8 works und]go ! l injuries1 !y mu/ h a d\ble remove f nature2 :i* puts x 9 ! p[] ( ! meane/ obs]v] to see 8 defici5cies4 ,:5ce ano!r absurd notion ha? tak5 rise1 viz4 t ! col\rs n[-a-days d n /& s well z =m]ly2 :]eas col\rs well prep>$1 9 :i* !re is b little art or exp5ce1 h1 & w always h1 ! same prop]ties 9 e age1 & )\t accid5ts1 z damps1 bad v>ni%1 & ! l 7be+ laid sep>ate & pure17 w /& & keep toge!r = _m ye>s 9 defiance ( "t itself4 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 let any "o take a view ( ! ciel+ at ,gre5wi*-hospital1 pa9t$ by ,sir ,james ,?ornhil1 =ty ye>s ago1 :i* /ill rema9s fre%1 /rong & cle> z if x _h be5 f9i%$ b ye/]day3 & al?o' sev]al fr5* writ]s h s le>n$ly1 & philosophically prov$1 t ! air ( ?is isl& is too ?ick1 or--too some?+1 = ! g5ius ( a pa9t]2 yet ,france 9 all h] palaces c h>dly boa/ ( a nobl]1 m judici\s1 or ri*] p]=mance ( its k9d4 ,note1 ! upp] end ( ! hall :]e ! royal family is pa9t$1 0 left *iefly to ! p5cil ( ,mr4 ,&rea a =eign]1 aft] ! paym5t orig9ally agre$ ^u = ! "w 0 s mu* r$uc$1 z made x n wor? ,sir ,james's :ile to f9i% ! :ole ) 8 own m ma/]ly h&4 ,^u ! :ole ( ?is acc\nt we f9d1 t ! utmo/ beauty ( col\r+ dep5ds on ! great pr9ciple ( v>y+ by all ! means ( v>y+1 & on ! prop] & artful union ( t v>iety2 :i* may be f>!r prov$ by suppos+ ! rules "h laid d[n1 all or any "p ( !m rev]s$4 ,i am apt to believe1 t ! n kn[+ nature's artful1 & intricate me?od ( unit+ col\rs = ! production ( ! v>iegat$ composition1 or prime t9t ( fle%1 ha? made col\r+1 9 ! art ( pa9t+1 a k9d ( my/]y 9 all ages2 insomu*1 t x may fairly be said1 out ( ! _m ?\s&s :o h lab\r'd to atta9 x1 n above t5 or twelve pa9t]s h happily succe$$ !re91 ,corregio 7:o liv$ 9 a c\ntry-village1 & _h no?+ b ! life to /udy aft]7 is said almo/ to h /ood alone = ?is p>ticul> excell5ce4 ,guido1 :o made beauty 8 *ief aim1 0 always at a loss ab\t x4 ,p\ss9 sc>ce ev] obta9$ a glimpse ( x1 z is manife/ by 8 _m diff]5t attempts3 inde$ ,france ha? n produc$ "o rem>kably good col\ri/#ai4 #ai ,! lame excuse writ]s on pa9t+ h made = ! _m great ma/]s t h fail'd 9 ?is p>ticul>1 is1 t !y purposely dead5'd _! col\rs1 & kept !m1 :at !y affect$ly call'd *a/e1 t ! correctness ( _! outl9es might be se5 to great] advantage4 ,:]eas col\rs _c be too brillant if prop]ly dispos$1 because ! di/9ction ( ! p>ts are !reby made m p]fect2 z may be se5 by comp>+ a m>ble bu/o ) ! v>iegat$ col\rs ( ! face ei!r 9 ! life1 or well pa9t$3 x is true1 uncompos$ v>iety1 ei!r 9 ! features or ! limbs1 z be+ daub$ ) _m1 or "o col\r1 w s conf\nd ! p>ts z to r5d] !m un9telligible4 ,rub5s boldly1 & 9 a ma/]ly mann]1 kept 8 bloom t9ts bright1 sep>ate1 & di/9ct1 b sometimes too mu* s = easel or cab9et pictures2 h[ev]1 8 mann] 0 admirably well calculat$ = great works1 to be se5 at a consid]able di/ance1 su* z 8 celebrat$ ciel+ at ,:itehall-*apel#bj3 :i* ^u a ne>] view1 w illu/rate :at ,i h advanc'd ) reg>d to ! sep>ate brightness ( ! t9ts2 & %ew1 :at inde$ is kn[n to e pa9t]1 t _h ! col\rs !re se5 s bright & sep>ate1 be5 all smoo?'d & absolutely bl5d$ toge!r1 !y w\ld h produc$ a dirty grey in/ead ( fle%-col\r4 ,! difficulty !n lies 9 br++ blue ! ?ird orig9al col\r1 into fle%1 on acc\nt ( ! va/ v>iety introduc$ !reby2 & ?is omitt$1 all ! difficulty ceases2 & a common sign-pa9t] t lays 8 col\rs smoo?1 in/antly becomes1 9 po9t ( col\r+1 a ,rub5s1 a ,titian1 or a ,corregio4 #bj ,! front ( ?is build+ by ,inigo ,jones1 is an additional exemplification ( ! pr9ciples = v>y+ ! p>ts 9 build+2 7expla9$ by ! c&le/icks1 c4 ,*apt] ,,viii7 :i* w\ld appe> to be a /rong] pro( /ill1 7 a build+ =m$ ( squ>es1 on squ>es2 ) squ>es uni=mly cut 9 ea* squ>e to be oppos$ to x1 to %ew ! rev]se4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,( ! ,,face4 ,hav+ ?us spok5 briefly ( light1 %ade1 & col\r1 we n[ return to our l9eal acc\nt ( =m1 z propos$ 7page #ia7 ) reg>d to ! face4 ,x is an obs]vation1 t1 out ( ! great numb] ( faces t h be5 =m'd s9ce ! creation ( ! _w1 no two h be5 s exactly alike1 b t ! usual & common disc]nm5t ( ! eye w\ld discov] a diff]5ce betwe5 !m3 !re=e x is n unreasonable to suppose1 t ?is disc]nm5t is /ill capable ( fur!r improvem5ts by in/ructions f a me?odical enquiry2 :i* ! +5i\s ,mr4 ,ri*>dson1 9 8 treatise on pa9t+1 t]ms ! art ( see+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig #a4 ,i %all beg9 ) a description ( su* l9es z compose ! features ( a face ( ! highe/ ta/e1 & ! rev]se4 ,see fig4 #ig1 ,b p4 ,i1 tak5 f an antique head1 :i* /&s 9 ! fir/ rank ( e/imation3 9 pro( ( ?is1 ,raphael ,urb91 & o!r great pa9t]s & sculptors1 h imitat$ x = ! *>act]s ( _! h]oes & o!r great m52 & ! old man's head1 fig4 #ih1 ,l p4 ,i 0 model'd 9 clay1 by ,fiam+o 7& n inf]ior 9 its ta/e ( l9es1 to ! be/ antique7 = ! use ( ,&rea ,sac*i1 aft] :i* model he pa9t$ all ! heads 9 8 fam\s picture ( ,/4 ,romoaldo's dream2 & ?is picture ha? ! reputation ( be+ "o ( ! be/ pictures 9 ! _w#ba4 #ba ,note1 ,i mu/ ref] ! read] to ! ca/s ( bo? ^! pieces ( sculpture1 :i* are to be f\nd 9 ! h&s ( ! curi\s2 because x is impossible to express all t ,i int5d1 ) suffici5t accuracy1 9 a pr9t ( ?is size1 :atev] pa9s might h be5 tak5 ) x2 or inde$ 9 any pr9t 7 x ev] s l>ge4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ih ,^! examples are "h *os5 to exemplify & confirm ! =ce ( s]p5t9e l9es 9 a face2 & let x also be obs]v$1 t 9 ^! ma/]-pieces ( art1 all ! p>ts are o!rwise consi/5t ) ! rules h]et(ore laid d[n3 ,i %all !re=e only %ew ! effects & use ( ! l9e ( beauty4 ,"o way ( prov+ 9 :at mann] ! s]p5t9e l9e appe>s to op]ate 9 ?is respect1 may be by press+ sev]al pieces ( wire close up & d[n ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! face & features ( ^? ca/s2 :i* wires w all come (f s _m s]p5t9e l9es1 z is p>tly m>k$ 9 figure #ig1 by ! dott$ l9es4 ,! be>d & hair ( ! head1 fig4 #ih1 be+ a set ( loose l9es naturally1 & !re=e disposable at ! pa9t]'s or sculptor's pleasure1 are rem>kably compos$ 9 ?is head ( no?+ else b a v>i$ play ( s]p5t9e l9es1 twi/+ toge!r 9 a flame-l mann]4 ,b z imp]fections are easi] to be imitat$ ?an p]fections1 we %all n[ h x 9 our p[] to expla9 ! latt] m fully2 by %ew+ ! rev]se 9 sev]al degrees1 d[n to ! mo/ contemptible meanness t l9es c be =m'd into4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ii-aje ,figure #ii1 is ! fir/ degree ( deviation f figure #ig2 :]e ! l9es are made /raight]1 & r$uc$ 9 quantity2 deviat+ /ill m 9 figure #ajj1 m yet 9 figure #aja1 & yet m visibly 9 #ajb2 figure #ajc1 /ill m s2 figure #ajd is totally dive/$ ( all l9es ( elegance1 l a b>b]'s block2 & #aje is compos$ m]ely ( su* pla9 l9es z *ildr5 make1 :5 ( !mselves !y beg9 to imitate 9 draw+ a human face4 ,x is evid5t1 ! inimitable ,butl] 0 s5sible ( ! mean & ridicul\s effect ( su* k9d ( l9es1 by ! description he gives ( ! %ape ( ,hudibras's be>d1 fig4 #ajf ,l p4 ,i1 ,9 cut & dye s l a tile1 ,a sudd5 view x w\ld beguile4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ajf #b4 ,) reg>d to "* & expression2 we h daily _m in/ances :i* confirm ! common receiv$ op9ion1 t ! face is ! index ( ! m9d2 & ?is maxim is s root$ 9 u1 we c sc>ce help 7if our att5tion is a little rais$7 =m+ "s p>ticul> conception ( ! p]son's m9d ^: face we are obs]v+1 ev5 be=e we receive in=mation by any o!r means4 ,h[ (t5 is x said1 on ! slighte/ view1 t su* a "o looks l a good-natur'd man1 t he ha? an hone/ op5 c\nt5ance1 or looks l a cunn+ rogue2 a man ( s5se1 or a fool1 c4 ,& h[ are our eyes rivet$ to ! aspects ( k+s & h]oes1 murd]]s & sa9ts2 & z we contemplate _! de$s1 seldom fail mak+ application to _! looks4 ,x is reasonable to believe t aspect to be a true & legible repres5tation ( ! m9d1 :i* gives ev]yone ! same idea at fir/ sight2 & is aft]w>ds confirm'd 9 fact3 = in/ance1 all concur 9 ! same op9ion1 at fir/ sight1 ( a d[n-"r idiot4 ,!re is b little to be se5 by *ildr5s faces1 m ?an t !y are heavy or lively2 & sc>cely t unless !y are 9 motion4 ,v h&som faces ( almo/ any age1 w hide a fooli% or a wick$ m9d till !y betray !mselves by _! actions or _! words3 yet ! frequ5t aukw>d movem5ts ( ! muscles ( ! fool's face1 ?o' ev] s h&som1 is apt 9 "t to leave su* traces up & d[n x1 z w di/+ui% a defect ( m9d ^u exam9ation3 b ! bad man1 if he be a hypocrite1 may s manage 8 muscles1 by tea*+ !m to contradict 8 he>t1 t little ( 8 m9d c be ga!r'd f 8 c\nt5ance1 s t ! "* ( an hypocrite is entirely out ( ! p[] ( ! p5cil1 )\t "s adjo9+ circum/ance to discov] him1 z smil+ & /abb+ at ! same "t1 or ! l4 ,x is by ! natural & unaffect$ movem5ts ( ! muscles1 caus$ by ! passions ( ! m9d1 t e man's "* w\ld 9 "s measure be writt5 9 8 face1 by ! "t he arrives at =ty ye>s ( age1 7 x n = c]ta9 accid5ts :i* (t51 ?o' n always prev5t x4 ,= ! ill-natur'd man1 by frequ5tly fr[n+1 & p\t+ out ! muscles ( 8 m\?1 do? 9 "t br+ ^? p>ts to a con/ant /ate ( ! appe>ance ( ill-nature1 :i* might h be5 prev5t$ by ! con/ant affectation ( a smile2 & s ( ! o!r passions3 ?o' !re are "s t d n affect ! muscles at all simply ( !mselves1 z love & hope4 ,b lea/ ,i %\ld be ?\ght to lay too great a /ress on outw>d %ew1 l a physiognomi/1 take ?is ) y1 t x is ackn[l$g'd !re are s _m diff]5t causes :i* produce ! same k9d ( movem5ts & appe>ances ( ! features1 & s _m ?w>t+s by accid5tal %apes 9 ! make ( faces1 t ! old adage1 fronti nulla fides1 w ev] /& its gr\nd ^u ! :ole2 & = v wise reasons nature ha? ?\ght fit x %\ld4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 z 9 _m p>ticul> cases1 we receive in=mation f ! expressions ( ! c\nt5ance1 :at foll[s is meant to give a l9eal description ( ! language writt5 !re94 ,x may n be amiss j to look ov] ! passions ( ! m9d1 f tranquillity to extreme despair2 z !y are 9 ord] describ$ 9 ! common draw+-book1 call$1 ,le ,brun's passions ( ! m9d2 select$ f t great ma/]'s works = ! use ( le>n]s2 :]e y may h a comp5di\s view ( all ! common expressions at once4 ,& al?o' ^! are b imp]fect copies1 !y w answ] our purpose 9 ?is place bett] ?an any o!r ?+ ,i c ref] y to2 because ! passions are !re rang$ 9 succession1 & di/9ctly m>k$ ) l9es only1 ! %ad[s be+ omitt$4 ,"s features are =m$ s z to make ?is or t expression ( a passion m or less legible2 = example1 ! little n>r[ *9ese eye suits a lov+ or laugh+ expression be/1 z a l>ge full eye do? ^? ( fi]c5ess & a/oni%m5t2 & r\nd-ris+ muscles w appe> ) "s degree ( *e>fulness ev5 9 sorr[3 ! features ?us suit+ ) ! expressions t h be5 (t5 repeat$ 9 ! face1 at l5g? m>k x ) su* l9es z suffici5tly di/+ui% ! "* ( ! m9d4 ,! anci5ts 9 _! l[e/ *>act]s h %ewn z mu* judgm5t1 & z great a degree ( ta/e 9 ! managem5t & twi/+ ( ! l9es ( !m1 z 9 _! /atues ( a sublim] k9d2 9 ! =m] v>y+ only f ! precise l9e ( grace 9 "s p>ts :]e ! "* or action requir$ x4 ,! dy+ gladiator & ! danc+ fawn1 ! =m] a slave1 ! latt] a wild cl[n1 are sculptor$ 9 z high a ta/e ( l9es z ! ,ant9\s or ! ,apollo2 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! precise l9e ( grace ab\nds m 9 ! two la/3 not)/&+ :i* x is g5]ally all['d !re is equal m]it 9 ! =m]1 z !re is ne> z mu* judgm5t requir$ = ! execution ( !m4 ,human nature c h>dly be repres5t$ m debas$ ?an 9 ! "* ( ! ,sil5us1 fig4 #ajg p4 ,i1 :]e ! bulg+-l9e figure #di1 ,no4 #g1 runs ?r\gh all ! features ( ! face1 z well z ! o!r p>ts ( 8 sw9i% body3 :]eas 9 ! satyr ( ! wood1 ?o' ! anci5ts h jo9$ ! brute ) ! man1 we /ill see pres]v$ an elegant display ( s]p5t9e l9es1 t make x a graceful figure4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ajg & #di ,inde$ ! works ( art h ne$ ( ! :ole advantage ( ?is l9e to make up = its o!r defici5cies3 = ?o' 9 nature's works ! l9e ( beauty is (t5 neglect$1 or mixt ) pla9 l9es1 yet s f> are !y f be+ defective on ?is acc\nt1 t by ?is means !re is exhibit$ t inf9ite v>iety ( human =ms :i* always di/+ui%es ! h& ( nature f ! limit$ & insuffici5t "o ( art2 & z ?us %e = ! sake ( v>iety ^u ! :ole1 deviates sometimes into pla9 & inelegant l9es1 if ! poor arti/ is b able n[ & !n to correct & give a bett] ta/e to "s p>ticul> "p ( :at he imitates1 by hav+ le>nt s to d f h] m p]fect works1 or copy+ f ^? t h1 t5 to "o he gr[s va9 ^u x1 & fancies himself a nature-m5d]2 n consid]+1 t ev5 9 ^!1 ! meane/ ( h] works1 %e is nev] :olly de/itute ( su* l9es ( beauty & o!r delicacies1 z are n only beyond 8 n>r[ rea*1 b are se5 want+ ev5 9 ! mo/ celebrat$ attempts to rival h]4 ,b to return1 ,z to :at we call pla9 l9es1 !re is ?is rem>kable effect con/antly produc$ by !m1 t be+ m or less conspicu\s 9 any k9d ( "* or expression ( ! face1 !y br+ along ) !m c]ta9 degrees ( a fooli% or ridicul\s aspect4 ,x is ! inelegance ( ^! l9es :i* m prop]ly belong+ to inanimate bodies1 & be+ se5 :]e l9es ( m beauty & ta/e are expect$1 t r5d]s ! face silly & ridicul\s4 ,see ,*apt] ,,vi1 p4 #ca4 ,*ildr5 9 infancy h movem5ts 9 ! muscles ( _! faces peculi> to _! age1 z an un9=m$ & unmean+ />e1 an op5 m\?1 & simple gr93 all :i* expressions are *iefly =m$ ( pla9 curves1 & ^! movem5ts & expressions ideots are apt to reta92 s t 9 "t !y m>k _! faces ) ^! unc\? l9es2 & :5 ! l9es co9cide & agree ) ! natural =ms ( ! features1 x becomes a m app>5t & confirm$ "* ( an ideot4 ,^! pla9 %apes la/ m5tion$1 sometimes happ5 to p ( ! be/ s5se1 to "s :5 ! features are at re/1 to o!rs :5 !y are put into motion2 :i* a v>iety ( con/ant regul> movem5ts proce$+ f a good und]/&+1 & fa%ion$ by a g5teel education1 w (t5 by degrees correct into l9es ( m elegance4 ,t p>ticul> expression likewise ( ! face1 or movem5t ( a feature :i* becomes "o p]son1 %all be disagreeable 9 ano!r1 j z su* expressions or turns *ance to fall 9 ) l9es ( beauty1 or ! rev]se2 = ?is reason !re are pretty fr[ns & disagreeable smiles3 ! l9es t =m a pleas+ smile ab\t ! corn]s ( ! m\? h g5tle w9d+s1 z fig4 #ajh ,l p4 ,,ii1 b lose _! beauty 9 ! full laugh1 z fig4 #aji ,l p4 ,,ii1 ! expression ( excessive laught]1 (t5] ?an any o!r1 gives a s5sible face a silly or disagreeable look1 z x is apt to =m regul> pla9 l9es ab\t ! m\?1 l a p>5!sis1 :i* sometimes appe>s l cry+2 z1 on ! contr>y1 ,i rememb] to h se5 a begg> :o _h cl\t$ up 8 head v artfully1 & ^: visage 0 ?9 & pale en\gh to excite pity1 b 8 features 7 o!rwise s un=tunately =m'd = 8 purpose1 t :at he int5d$ = a gr9 ( pa9 & mis]y1 0 r a joy\s laugh4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ajh & #aji ,x is /range t nature ha? af=d$ u s _m l9es & %apes to indicate ! defici5cies & blemi%es ( ! m9d1 :il/ !re are none at all t po9t out ! p]fections ( x beyond ! appe>ance ( common s5se & placidity4 ,deportm5t1 words1 & actions1 mu/ speak ! good1 ! wise1 ! witty1 ! humane1 ! g5]\s1 ! m]ciful1 & ! brave4 ,nor are gravity & solemn looks always signs ( wisdom3 ! m9d mu* occupi$ ) trifles w occasion z grave & sagaci\s an aspect1 z if x 7 *>g$ ) matt]s ( ! utmo/ mom5t2 ! balance-ma/]'s att5tion to a s+le po9t1 9 ord] to pres]ve 8 balance1 may look z wise at t "t z ! greate/ philosoph] 9 ! dep? ( 8 /udies4 ,all t ! anci5t sculptors c\ld d1 not)/&+ _! en?usia/ic endeav\rs to raise ! *>act]s ( _! deities to aspects ( sagacity above human1 0 to give !m features ( beauty4 ,_! god ( wisdom ha? no m 9 8 look ?an a h&som manl9ess2 ! ,jupit] is c>ri$ some:at high]1 by giv+ x a little m sev]ity ?an ! ,apollo1 by a l>g] prom95cy ( br[ g5tly b5d+ 9 seem+ ?\ghtfulness1 ) an ample be>d1 :i* be+ add$ to ! noble quantity ( its o!r l9es1 inve/s t capital piece ( sculpture ) uncommon dignity1 :i*1 9 ! my/]i\s language ( a pr(\nd connoisseur1 is /il$ a div9e idea1 inconceivably great1 & above nature4 #c;dly & la/ly1 ,i %all %ew 9 :at mann] ! l9es ( ! face alt] f infancy upw>ds1 & specify ! diff]5t ages4 ,we are n[ to pay mo/ att5tion to simplicity1 z ! diff]5ce ( ages we are ab\t to speak (1 turn *iefly ^u ! use made ( ?is pr9ciple 9 a great] or less degree1 9 ! =m ( ! l9es4 ,f infancy till ! body has done gr[+1 ! cont5ts bo? ( ! body & ! face1 & e "p ( _! surface1 are daily *ang+ into m v>iety1 till !y obta9 a c]ta9 m$ium 7see page #gh on proportion7 f :i* m$ium1 z fig4 #aac ,b p4 ,,ii1 if we return back to infancy1 we %all see ! v>iety decreas+1 till by degrees t simplicity 9 ! =m1 :i* gave v>iety its due limits1 deviates into sam5ess2 s t all ! p>ts ( ! face may be circumscrib$ 9 sev]al circles1 z fig4 #aaf ,l p4 ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #aac & #aaf ,b !re is ano!r v extraord9>y circum/ance1 7p]haps nev] tak5 notice ( be=e 9 ?is light7 :i* nature ha? giv5 u to di/+ui% "o age f ano!r by2 :i* is1 t ?o' e feature gr[s l>g] & long]1 till ! :ole p]son has done gr[+1 ! sight ( ! eye /ill keeps its orig9al size2 ,i mean ! pupil1 ) its iris or r+2 = ! diamet] ( ?is circle cont9ues /ill ! same1 & s becomes a fixt measure by :i* we1 z x 71 ins5sibly comp>e ! daily p]ceiv'd gr[+s ( ! o!r p>ts ( ! face1 & !reby det]m9e a "y p]son's age4 ,y may sometimes f9d ?is "p ( ! eye 9 a new-born infant1 full z l>ge z 9 a man ( six foot2 nay1 sometimes l>g]1 see fig4 #aaj ,b p4 ,,ii1 #aad ,b p4 ,,ii & #aae ,t p4 ,i :i* repres5ts ?ree diff]5t sizes ( ! pupil ( ! eye2 ! lea/1 0 exactly tak5 f ! eye ( a l>ge-featur'd man1 ag$ #aje1 ! bigge/1 f "o ( tw5ty1 :o _h ?is "p l>g] ?an ord9>y1 & ! o!r is ! common size4 ,if ?is "p ( ! eye 9 ! pictures ( ,*>les ,,ii4 & ,james ,,ii4 pa9t$ by ,v&yke at ,k5s+ton1 7 to be measur$ ) a pair ( compasses1 & comp>$ ) _! pictures pa9t$ by ,lilly :5 !y 7 m51 ! diamet]s w\ld be f\nd 9 bo? pictures respectively ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #aaj1 #aad & #aae ,9 infancy ! faces ( boys & girls h no visible diff]5ce1 b z !y gr[ up ! features ( ! boy get ! />t1 & gr[ fa/] 9 proportion to ! r+ ( ! eye1 ?an ^? ( ! girl1 :i* %ews ! di/9ction ( ! sex 9 ! face4 ,boys :o h l>g] features ?an ord9>y1 9 proportion to ! r+s ( _! eyes1 are :at we call manly-featur$ *ildr52 z ^? :o h ! contr>y1 look m *ildi% & y\ng] ?an !y really are4 ,x is ?is proportion ( ! features ) ! eyes1 t makes wom51 :5 !y are dress$ 9 m5s-cloa?s1 look s "y & boyi%3 b z nature do? n always /ick close to ^! p>ticul>s1 we may be mi/ak5 bo? 9 sexes & ages4 ,by ^! obvi\s appe>ances1 & ! diff]5ces ( ! :ole size1 we easily judge ( ages till tw5ty1 b n ) su* c]ta9ty aft]w>ds2 = ! alt]ations f t age are ( a diff]5t k9d1 subject to o!r *anges by gr[+ fatt] or lean]1 :i* x is well kn[n1 (t5 give a diff]5t turn to ! look ( ! p]son1 ) reg>d to 8 age4 ,! hair ( ! head1 :i* encompasses a face z a frame do? a picture1 & contra/s ) its uni=m col\r1 ! v>iegat$ inclos$ composition1 add+ m or less beauty !reto1 accord+ z x is dispos$ by ! rules ( art1 is ano!r indication ( advanc$ age4 ,:at rema9s to be said on ! diff]5t appe>ances ( ages1 be+ less pleas+ ?an :at has gone be=e1 %all be describ$ ) m brevity4 ,9 ! age f tw5ty to ?irty1 b>r+ accid5ts1 !re appe>s b little *ange1 ei!r 9 ! col\rs or ! l9es ( ! face2 = ?o' ! bloom t9ts may g (f a little1 yet on ! o!r h&1 ! make ( ! features (t5 atta9 a sort ( settl$ firmness 9 !m1 aid$ by an air ( acquir$ s5sibility2 :i* makes ample am5ds = t loss1 & keeps beauty till ?irty pretty mu* ^u a p>2 aft] ?is "t1 z ! alt]ations gr[ m & m visible1 we p]ceive ! sweet simplicity ( _m r\nd+ p>ts ( ! face1 beg9 to break into d5t$ %apes1 ) m sudd5 turns ab\t ! muscles1 occasion$ by _! _m repeat$ movem5ts2 z also by divid+ ! broad p>ts1 & !reby tak+ (f ! l>ge sweeps ( ! s]p5t9e l9es2 ! %ades ( beauty also consequ5tly suff]+ 9 _! s(tnesses4 ,some?+ ( :at is "h meant betwe5 ! two ages ( ?irty & fifty1 see 9 figures #aag & #aah ,b p4 ,,ii1 & :at fur!r havock "t cont9ues to make aft] ! age ( fifty1 is too rem>kable to ne$ describ+3 ! /rokes & cuts he !n lays on are pla9 en\gh2 h[ev]1 9 spite ( all 8 malice1 ^? l9eam5ts t h once be5 elegant1 reta9 _! fl[+ turns 9 v5]able age1 leav+ to ! la/ a comely piece ( ru9s4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #aag & #aah ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,( ,,attitude4 ,su* dispositions ( ! body & limbs z appe> mo/ graceful :5 se5 at re/1 dep5d ^u g5tle w9d+ contra/s1 mo/ly gov]n'd by ! precise s]p5t9e l9e1 :i* 9 attitudes ( au?ority1 are m ext5d$ & spread+ ?an ord9>y1 b r$uc$ some:at bel[ ! m$ium ( grace1 9 ^? ( neglig5ce & ease3 & z mu* exagg]at$ 9 insol5t & pr\d c>riage1 or 9 di/ortions ( pa9 7see figure #i1 plate ,i7 z less5'd & contract$ into pla9 & p>allel l9es1 to express meanness1 aukw>dness1 & submission4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i ,! g5]al idea ( an action1 z well z ( an attitude1 may be giv5 ) a p5cil 9 v few l9es4 ,x is easy to conceive t ! attitude ( a p]son ^u ! cross1 may be fully signifi$ by ! two /raight l9es ( ! cross2 s ! ext5d$ mann] ( ,/4 ,&rew's crucifixion is :olly und]/ood by ! ,x-l cross4 ,?us1 z two or ?ree l9es at fir/ are suffici5t to %ew ! int5tion ( an attitude1 ,i w take ?is opportunity ( pres5t+ my read] 7:o may h be5 at ! tr\ble ( foll[+ me ?us f>7 ) ! sket* ( a c\ntry-dance1 9 ! mann] ,i began to set out ! design2 9 ord] to %ew h[ few l9es are necess>y to express ! fir/ ?\ghts1 z to diff]5t attitudes2 see fig4 #ga ,t p4 ,,ii1 :i* describe 9 "s measure1 ! sev]al figures & actions1 mo/ly ( ! ridicul\s k9d1 t are repres5t$ 9 ! *ief "p ( plate ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ga ,! mo/ amiable p]son may de=m 8 g5]al appe>ance by ?r[+ 8 body & limbs into pla9 l9es1 b su* l9es appe> /ill 9 a m disagreeable light 9 p ( a p>ticul> make1 ,i h !re=e *ose su* figures z ,i ?\ght w\ld agree be/ ) my fir/ score ( l9es1 fig4 #ga4 ,illu/ration3 ,! danc]s ,! two p>ts ( curves next to #ga1 s]v$ = ! figures ( ! old woman & h] p>tn] at ! f>!r end ( ! room4 ,! curve & two /raight l9es at "r angles1 gave ! h9t = ! fat man's sprawl+ po/ure4 ,i next resolv$ to keep a figure )9 ! b\nds ( a circle1 :i* produc$ ! upp] "p ( ! fat woman1 betwe5 ! fat man & ! aukw>d "o 9 ! bag wig1 = :om ,i _h made a sort ( an ,x4 ,! prim lady1 8 p>tn]1 9 ! rid+-habit1 by peck+ back h] elb[s1 z !y call x1 f ! wa/e upw>ds1 made a tol]able ,d1 ) a /raight l9e "u x1 to signify ! scanty /iffness ( h] peticoat2 & a ,z /ood = ! angul> position ! body makes ) ! legs & ?ighs ( ! affect$ fell[ 9 ! tye-wig2 ! upp] "p ( 8 plump p>tn] 0 conf9'd to an ,o1 & ?is *ang'd into a ,p1 s]v$ z a h9t = ! /raight l9es beh9d4 ,! uni=m diamond ( a c>d1 0 fill$ up by ! fly+ dress1 c4 ( ! little cap]+ figure 9 ! sp5c]-wig2 :il/ a d\ble ,l m>k'd ! p>allel position ( 8 pok+ p>tn]'s h&s & arms3 & la/ly1 ! two wav+ l9es 7 drawn = ! m g5teel turns ( ! two figures at ! hi!r end4 ,! be/ repres5tation 9 a picture1 ( ev5 ! mo/ elegant danc+1 z e figure is r a susp5d$ action 9 x ?an an attitude1 mu/ be always some:at unnatural & ridicul\s2 = 7 x possible 9 a real dance to fix e p]son at "o in/ant ( "t1 z 9 a picture1 n "o 9 tw5ty w\ld appe> to be graceful1 ?o' ea* 7 ev] s mu* s 9 _! movem5ts2 nor c\ld ! figure ( ! dance itself be at all und]/ood4 ,illu/ration3 ,! /atues & pictures ,! danc+-room is also ornam5t$ purposely ) su* /atues & pictures z may s]ve to a f>!r illu/ration4 ,h5ry viii4 fig4 #gb p4 ,,ii1 makes a p]fect ,x ) 8 legs & arms2 & ! position ( ,*>les ! fir/1 fig4 #ea p4 ,,ii1 is compos$ ( less-v>i$ l9es ?an ! /atue ( ,edw>d ! six?1 fig4 #gc p4 ,,ii2 & ! m$al ov] 8 head is 9 ! l k9d ( l9es2 b t ov] ,q4 ,elizabe?1 z well z h] figure1 is 9 ! contr>y2 s are also ! two o!r wood5 figures at ! end4 ,likewise ! comical po/ure ( a/oni%m5t 7express$ by foll[+ ! direction ( "o pla9 curve1 z ! dott$ l9e 9 a fr5* pr9t ( ,san*o1 :]e ,don ,quixote demoli%es ! puppet %ew1 fig4 #ge ,r p4 ,,ii7is a good contra/ to ! effect ( ! s]p5t9e l9es 9 ! f9e turn ( ! ,sam>itan woman1 fig4 #gd ,l p4 ,,ii1 tak5 f "o ( ! be/ pictures ,annibal ,c>ra*e ev] pa9t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #ge & #gd ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,( ,,action4 ,to ! amaz+ v>iety ( =ms made /ill inf9itely m v>i\s 9 appe>ance by light1 %ade & col\r1 nature ha? add$ ano!r way ( increas+ t v>iety1 /ill m to enhance ! value ( all h] compositions4 ,?is is accompli%$ by means ( action2 ! fulle/ display ( :i* is put into ! p[] ( ! human species1 & :i* is equally subject to ! same pr9ciples ) reg>d to ! effects ( beauty1 or ! rev]se1 z gov]n all ! =m] compositions2 z is p>tly se5 9 ,*apt] ,,xi on proportion4 ,my bus9ess "h %all be1 9 z concise a mann] z possible1 to p>ticul>ise ! application ( ^! pr9ciples to ! movem5t ( ! body1 & !re) f9i% ?is sy/em ( v>iety 9 =ms & actions4 ,!re is no "o b w\ld wi% to h x 9 8 p[] to be g5teel & graceful 9 ! c>riage ( 8 p]son1 c\ld x be atta9$ ) little tr\ble & exp5ce ( "t4 ,! usual me?ods reli$ on = ?is purpose among well-br$ p1 takes up a consid]able "p ( _! "t3 nay ev5 ^? ( ! fir/ rank h no o!r res\rce 9 ^! matt]s1 ?an to danc+-ma/]s1 & f5c+-ma/]s3 danc+ & f5c+ are und\bt$ly prop]1 & v necess>y accompli%m5ts2 yet are !y frequ5tly v imp]fect 9 br++ ab\t ! bus9ess ( graceful deportm5t4 ,= al?o' ! muscles ( ! body may atta9 a pliancy by ^! ex]cises1 & ! limbs1 by ! elegant movem5t 9 danc+1 acquire a facility 9 mov+ gracefully1 yet = want ( kn[+ ! mean+ ( e grace1 & :]eon x dep5ds1 affectations & misapplications (t5 foll[4 ,action is a sort ( language :i* p]haps "o "t or o!r1 may come to be taught by a k9d ( gramm>-rules2 b1 at pres5t1 is only got by rote & imitation3 & contr>y to mo/ o!r copy+s or imitations1 p ( rank & =tune g5]ally excel _! orig9als1 ! danc+-ma/]s1 9 easy behavi\r & unaffect$ grace2 z a s5se ( sup]iority makes !m act )\t con/ra9t2 especially :5 _! p]sons are well turn'd4 ,if s1 :at c be m conducive to t fre$om & necess>y c\rage :i* make acquir$ grace seem easy & natural1 ?an ! be+ able to demon/rate :5 we are actually j & prop] 9 ! lea/ movem5t we p]=m2 :]eas1 = want ( su* c]ta9ty 9 ! m9d1 if "o ( ! mo/ f9i%'d g5tlem5 at c\rt 0 to appe> z an actor on ! public /age1 he w\ld f9d himself at a loss h[ to move prop]ly1 & be /iff1 n>r[1 & aukw>d1 9 repres5t+ ev5 8 own "*3 ! unc]ta9ty ( be+ "r w\ld naturally give him "s ( t re/ra9t :i* ! un$ucat$ common p g5]ally h :5 !y appe> be=e _! bett]s4 ,x is kn[n t bodies 9 motion always describe "s l9e or o!r 9 ! air1 z ! :irl+ r\nd ( a fire-br& app>5tly makes a circle1 ! wat]-fall "p ( a curve1 ! arr[ & bullet1 by ! swiftness ( _! motions1 ne>ly a /raight l9e2 wav+ l9es are =m$ by ! pleas+ movem5t ( a %ip on ! waves4 ,n[ 9 ord] to obta9 a j idea ( action at ! same "t to be judici\sly satisfi$ ( be+ 9 ! "r 9 :at we d1 let u beg9 ) imag9+ a l9e =m$ 9 ! air by any suppos$ po9t at ! end ( a limb or "p t is mov$1 or made by ! :ole "p1 or limb2 or by ! :ole body toge!r4 ,& t ?us mu* ( movem5ts may be conceiv$ at once is evid5t1 on ! lea/ recollection1 = :oev] has se5 a f9e arabian w>-horse1 unback'd & at lib]ty1 & 9 a wanton trot1 _c b rememb] :at a l>ge wav+ l9e 8 ris+1 & at ! same "t press+ =w>d1 cuts ?r\gh ! air2 ! equal cont9uation ( :i*1 is v>i$ by 8 curvet+ f side to side2 :il/ 8 long mane & tail play ab\t 9 s]p5t9e movem5ts4 ,aft] ?us hav+ =m'd ! idea ( all movem5ts be+ z l9es1 x w n be difficult to conceive1 t grace 9 action dep5ds ^u ! same pr9ciples z h be5 %ewn to produce x 9 =ms4 ,! next ?+ t (f]s itself to our consid]ation is ! =ce ( habit & cu/om 9 action2 = a great deal dep5ds !reon4 ,! peculi> movem5ts ( ea* p]son1 z ! gate 9 walk+1 are p>ticul>is$ 9 su* l9es z ea* "p describes by ! habits !y h contract$4 ,! nature & p[] ( habit may be fully conceiv$ by ! foll[+ famili> in/ance1 z ! motions ( "o "p ( ! body may s]ve to expla9 ^? ( ! :ole4 ,obs]ve t :atev] habit ! f+]s get 9 ! use ( ! p51 y see exactly del9eat$ to ! eye by ! %apes ( ! lett]s4 ,7 ! movem5ts ( e writ]'s f+]s to be precisely ! same1 "o h&-writ+ w\ld n be kn[n f ano!r1 b z ! f+]s naturally fall into1 or acquire diff]5t habits ( mov+1 e h&-writ+ is visibly diff]5t4 ,:i* movem5ts mu/ tally ) ! lett]s1 ?o' !y are too quick & too small to be z p]fectly trac$ by ! eye2 b ?is %ews :at nice diff]5ces are caus$1 & con/antly reta9$ by habitual movem5ts4 ,x may be rem>k'd1 t all useful habitual motions1 su* z are readie/ to s]ve ! necess>y purposes ( life1 are ^? made up ( pla9 l9es1 i4 e4 /raight & circul> l9es1 :i* mo/ animals h 9 common ) mank9d1 ?o' n 9 s ext5sive a degree3 ! monkey f 8 make ha? x suffici5tly 9 8 p[] to be graceful1 b z reason is requir$ = ?is purpose1 x w\ld be impossible to br+ him to move g5teelly4 ,?\gh ,i h said t ! ord9>y actions ( ! body are p]=m$ 9 pla9 l9es1 ,i mean only comp>atively s ) ^? ( /udi$ movem5ts 9 ! s]p5t9e l9e1 = z all our muscles are ev] ready to act1 :5 "o "p is mov$1 7z an h&1 or arm1 by its prop] mov]s1 = rais+ up or draw+ d[n7 ! adjac5t muscles act 9 "s degree 9 correspond5ce ) !m3 !re=e our mo/ common movem5ts are b seldom p]=m$ 9 su* absolutely mean l9es1 z ^? ( jo9t$ dolls & puppets4 ,a man mu/ h a good deal ( practice to be able to mimic su* v /raight or r\nd motions1 :i* be+ incompatible ) ! human =m1 are !re=e ridicul\s4 ,let x be obs]v$1 t graceful movem5ts 9 s]p5t9e l9es1 are us$ b occasionally1 & r at times ( leisure1 ?an con/antly appli$ to e action we make4 ,! :ole bus9ess ( life may be c>ri$ on )\t !m1 !y be+ prop]ly speak+1 only ! ornam5tal "p ( ge/ure2 & !re=e n be+ naturally famili>is$ by necessity1 mu/ be acquir$ by precept or imitation1 & r$uc$ to habit by frequ5t repetitions4 ,precept is ! means ,i %\ld recomm5d z ! mo/ exp$iti\s & effectual way4 ,b be=e we proce$ to ! me?od ,i h to propose1 = ! m ready & sure way ( accu/om+ ! limbs to a facility 9 ! ornam5tal way ( mov+2 ,i %\ld obs]ve1 t quick "t gives x _s & vivacity1 z sl[ "t1 gravity1 & solemnity1 & fur!r1 t ! latt] ( ^! all[s ! eye an opportunity ( see+ ! l9e ( grace to advantage1 z 9 ! address ( h]oes on ! /age1 or 9 any solemn act ( c]emony2 & t al?\gh "t 9 movem5t is r$uc$ to c]ta9 rules = danc+1 x is left m at l>ge & at discretion = deportm5t4 ,we come n[ to (f] an odd1 b p]haps efficaci\s me?od ( acquir+ a habit ( mov+ 9 ! l9es ( grace & beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,figs4 #aai & #abj #a4 ,let any "o *alk ! l9e fig4 #aai ,l p4 ,,ii1 on a flat surface1 beg9n+ at ei!r end1 & he w move 8 h& & arm 9 a beautiful direction1 b if he *alks ! same sort ( l9e on an ogee-m\ld+ ( a foot or two 9 bread?1 z ! dott$ l9e on figure #abj ,l p4 ,,ii1 8 h& mu/ move 9 t m beautiful direction1 :i* is di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( grace2 & accord+ to ! quantity giv5 to ^? l9es1 greatness w be add$ to grace1 & ! movem5t w be m or less noble4 ,g5tle movem5ts ( ?is sort ?us und]/ood1 may be made at any "t & any :]e1 :i* by frequ5t repetitions w become s famili> to ! p>ts s ex]cis$1 t on prop] occasion !y make !m z x 7 ( _! own accord4 ,! pleas+ effect ( ?is mann] ( mov+ ! h&1 is se5 :5 a snuff-box1 or fan is pres5t$ gracefully or g5teely to a lady1 bo? 9 ! h& mov+ =w>d & 9 its return1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! l9e ( movem5t be b g5tle1 z ,no4 #c1 fig4 #di1 plate ,i1 & n too ,s-l & twirl+1 z ,no4 #g 9 ! same figure3 :i* excess w\ld be affect$ & ridicul\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di ,daily practis+ ^! movem5ts ) ! h&s & arms1 z also ) su* o!r p>ts ( ! body z are capable ( !m1 w 9 a %ort "t r5d] ! :ole p]son graceful & easy at pleasure4 #b4 ,z to ! motions ( ! head2 ! awe mo/ *ildr5 are 9 be=e /rang]s1 till !y come to a c]ta9 age1 is ! cause ( _! dropp+ & draw+ _! *9s d[n into _! brea/s1 & look+ "u _! =eheads1 z if consci\s ( _! weakness1 or ( some?+ wrong ab\t !m4 ,to prev5t ?is aukw>d %yness1 p>5ts & tutors are cont9ually teas+ !m to hold up _! heads1 :i* if !y get !m to d x is ) difficulty1 & ( c\rse 9 s con/ra9'd a mann] t x gives ! *ildr5 pa91 s t !y naturally take all opportunities ( eas+ !mselves by hold+ d[n _! heads2 :i* po/ure w\ld be full z uneasy to !m 7 x n a relief f re/ra9t3 & !re is ano!r mis=tune 9 hold+ d[n ! head1 t x is apt to make !m b5d too mu* 9 ! back2 :5 ?is happ5s to be ! case1 !y !n h rec\rse to /eel-coll>s1 & o!r iron-ma*9es2 all :i* %ackl+s are repugnant to nature1 & may make ! body gr[ crook$4 ,?is daily fatigue bo? to ! *ildr5 & ! p>5ts may be avoid$1 & an ugly habit prev5t$1 by only 7at a prop] age7 fa/5+ a ribbon to a quantity ( platt$ hair1 or to ! cap1 s z x may be kept fa/ 9 its place1 & ! o!r end to ! back ( ! coat1 z fig4 #aba ,l p4 ,,ii1 ( su* a l5g? z may prev5t !m draw+ _! *9s into _! necks2 :i* ribbon w always leave ! head at lib]ty to move 9 any direction b ?is aukw>d "o !y are s apt to fall into4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aba ,b till *ildr5 arrive at a reason+ age x w be difficult by any means to tea* !m m grace ?an :at is natural to e well made *ild at lib]ty4 ,! grace ( ! upp] p>ts ( ! body is mo/ engag+1 & s5sible well made p 9 any /ation naturally h x 9 a great degree1 !re=e rules unless !y are simple & easily reta9'd & practis'd1 are ( little use2 nay1 r are ( diss]vice4 ,hold+ ! head erect is b occasionally "r1 a prop] recl9e ( x may be z graceful1 b true elegance is mo/ly se5 9 ! mov+ x f "o position to ano!r4 ,& ?is may be atta9'd by a s5sibility )9 y\rself1 ?o' y h n a sight ( :at y d by look+ 9 ! glass1 :5 ) y\r head assi/$ by a sway ( ! body 9 ord] to give x m scope1 y endeav\r to make t v s]p5t9e l9e 9 ! air1 :i* ! h&s h be5 be=e taught to d by ! help ( ! ogee-m\ld+3 & ,i w v5ture to say1 a few c>eful repetitions at fir/ sett+ out w make ?is movem5t z easy to ! head z to ! h&s & arms4 ,! mo/ graceful b[ is got by ! head's mov+ 9 ?is direction1 z x goes d[nw>d & rises up aga94 ,"s aukw>d imitators ( ?is elegant way ( b[+1 = want ( kn[+ :at !y 7 ab\t1 h seem'd to b[ ) wry necks4 ,! l[ solemn b[ to maje/y %\ld h b a v little twi/1 if any1 z m becom+ gravity & submission4 ,! cl[ni% nod 9 a sudd5 /raight l9e is q ! rev]se ( ^! spok5 (4 ,! mo/ elegant & respectful curtesy ha? a g5tle1 or small degree ( ! above graceful b[+ ( ! head z ! p]son s9ks1 & rises1 & retreats4 ,if x %\ld be said1 t a f9e curtesy consi/s 9 no m ?an 9 be+ erect 9 p]son at ! "t ( s9k+ & ris+2 ,madam ,ca!r9e 9 clock-"w1 or ! danc+ be>s l$ ab\t ! /reets = a %ew1 mu/ be all['d to make z good a curtesy z anybody4 ,n4 ,b4 ,x is necess>y 9 b[+ & curtesy+ to %un an exact sam5ess at all times2 = h[ev] graceful x may be on "s occasions1 at o!r times x may seem =mal & improp]4 ,%akespe> seems to h meant ! above spok5 ( ornam5tal mann] ( b[+1 9 ,enob>bus's description ( ,cleopatra's wait+-wom54---- ----,& made _! b5ds adorn+s4 ,act #b4 #c4 ,( ,danc+4 ,! m9uet is all[$ by ! danc+-ma/]s !mselves to be ! p]fection ( all danc+4 ,i once he>d an em95t danc+-ma/] say1 t ! m9uet _h be5 ! /udy ( 8 :ole life1 & t he _h be5 indefatigable 9 ! pursuit ( its beauties1 yet at la/ he c\ld only say ) ,socrates1 he knew no?+3 add+1 t ,i 0 happy 9 my pr(ession z a pa9t]1 9 t "s b\nds might be set to ! /udy ( x4 ,no d\bt1 z ! m9uet conta9s 9 x a compos$ v>iety ( z _m movem5ts 9 ! s]p5t9e l9es z c well be put toge!r 9 di/9ct quantities1 x is a f9e composition ( movem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abb ,! ord9>y undulat+ motion ( ! body 9 common walk+ 7z may be pla9ly se5 by ! wav+ l9e1 :i* ! %ad[ a man's head makes aga9/ a wall z he is walk+ betwe5 x & ! aft]noon sun7 is augm5t$ 9 danc+ into a l>g] quantity ( wav+ by means ( ! m9uet-/ep1 :i* is s contriv$ z to raise ! body by g5tle degrees some:at high] ?an ord9>y1 & s9k x aga9 9 ! same mann] l[] 9 ! go+ on ( ! dance4 ,! figure ( ! m9uet-pa? on ! floor is also compos$ ( s]p5t9e l9es1 z fig4 #abb ,t p4 ,,ii1 v>y+ a little ) ! fa%ion3 :5 ! p>ties by means ( ?is /ep rise & fall mo/ smoo?ly 9 "t1 & free f sudd5 />t+ & dropp+1 !y come ne>e/ to ,%akespe>'s idea ( ! beauty ( danc+1 9 ! foll[+ l9es1 ----,:at y d1 ,/ill bett]s :at is done1---- ----,:5 y d dance1 ,i wi% y ,a wave o' ?' sea1 t y might ev] d ,no?+ b t2 move /ill1 /ill s1 ,& own no o!r function4 ,,w9t]',s ,,tale4 ,! o!r beauties belong+ to ?is dance1 are ! turns ( ! head1 & twi/ ( ! body 9 pass+ ea* o!r1 z also g5tle b[+ & pres5t+ h&s 9 ! mann] be=e describ$1 all :i* toge!r1 displays ! greate/ v>iety ( movem5ts 9 s]p5t9e l9es imag9able1 keep+ equal pace ) musical "t4 ,!re are o!r dances t ent]ta9 m]ely because !y are compos$ ( v>iety ( movem5ts & p]=m$ 9 prop] "t1 b ! less !y consi/ ( s]p5t9e or wav+ l9es1 ! l[] !y are 9 ! e/imation ( danc+-ma/]s3 =1 z has be5 %ewn1 :5 ! =m ( ! body is dive/$ ( its s]p5t9e l9es x becomes ridicul\s z a human figure1 s likewise :5 all movem5ts 9 su* l9es are exclud$ 9 a dance1 x becomes l[1 grotesque & comical2 b h[ev]1 be+ z 0 said compos$ ( v>iety1 made consi/5t ) "s "*1 & execut$ ) agility1 x nev]!less is v ent]ta9+4 ,su* are ,italian peasant-dances1 c4 ,b su* unc\? contortions ( ! body z are all[able 9 a man w\ld disgu/ 9 a woman2 z ! extreme graceful1 s v allur+ 9 ?is sex1 is nause\s 9 ! o!r2 ev5 ! m9uet-grace 9 a man w\ld h>dly be approv$1 b z ! ma9 drift ( x repres5ts repeat$ addresses to ! lady4 ,!re is a mu* great] consi/5cy 9 ! dances ( ! ,italian !atre ?an ( ! ,fr5*1 not)/&+ danc+ seems to be ! g5ius ( t nation2 ! foll[+ di/9ctly m>k$ *>act]s 7 orig9ally f ,italy2 & if we consid] !m l9eally z to _! p>ticul> movem5ts1 we %all see :]e9 _! hum\r consi/s4 ,! attitudes ( ! h>lequ9 are +5i\sly compos$ ( c]ta9 little1 quick movem5ts ( ! head1 h&s1 & feet1 "s ( :i* %oot out z x 7 f ! body 9 /raight l9es1 or are twirl$ ab\t 9 little circles4 ,sc>am\* is gravely absurd z ! "* is int5d$1 9 ov]-/ret*'d t$i\s movem5ts ( unnatural l5g?s ( l9es3 ^! two *>act]s seem to h be5 contriv$ by conceiv+ a direct opposition ( movem5ts4 ,pi]rott's movem5ts & attitudes1 are *iefly 9 p]p5dicul>s & p>allels1 s is 8 figure & dress4 ,pun*9ello is droll by be+ ! rev]se ( all elegance1 bo? z to movem5t1 & figure1 ! beauty ( v>iety is totally1 & comically exclud$ f ?is "* 9 e respect2 8 limbs are rais$ & let fall almo/ altoge!r at "o "t1 9 p>allel directions1 z if 8 seem+ few] jo9ts ?an ord9>y1 7 no bett] ?an ! h+es ( a door4 ,dances t repres5t prov9cial *>act]s1 z ^! above d1 or v l[ p1 su* z g>d5]s1 sailors1 c4 9 m]rim5t1 are g5]ally mo/ ent]ta9+ on ! /age3 ! ,italians h lately add$ great pleasantry & hum\r to sev]al fr5* dances1 p>ticul>ly ! wood5-%oe dance1 9 :i* !re is a cont9ual %ift+ f "o attitude 9 pla9 l9es to ano!r2 bo? ! man & ! woman (t5 comically fix !mselves 9 uni=m positions1 & frequ5tly />t 9 equal "t1 into angul> =ms1 "o ( :i* rem>kably repres5ts two ,w's 9 a l9e1 z ov] figure #abb1 plate ,,ii1 ^! sort ( dances a little rais$1 especially on ! woman's side1 9 express+ elegant wantonness 7:i* is ! true _s ( danc+7 h ( late ye>s be5 mo/ delightfully done1 & seem at pres5t to h got ! bett] ( pomp\s unmean+ gr& ballets2 s]i\s danc+ be+ ev5 a contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 ov] ,fig4 #abb #d?ly1 ,( ,c\ntry ,danc+4 ,! l9es :i* a numb] ( p toge!r =m 9 c\ntry or figure danc+1 make a delightful play ^u ! eye1 especially :5 ! :ole figure is to be se5 at "o view1 z at ! playh\se f ! gall]y2 ! beauty ( ?is k9d ( my/ic danc+1 z ! poets t]m x1 dep5ds ^u mov+ 9 a compos$ v>iety ( l9es1 *iefly s]p5t9e1 gov]n'd by ! pr9ciples ( intricacy1 c4 ,! dances ( b>b>ians are always repres5t$ )\t ^! movem5ts1 be+ only compos$ ( wild skip+1 jump+1 & turn+ r\nd1 or runn+ backw>d & =w>d1 ) convulsive %rugs1 & di/ort$ ge/ures4 ,"o ( ! mo/ pleas+ movem5ts 9 c\ntry danc+1 & :i* answ]s to all ! pr9ciples ( v>y+ at once1 is :at !y call ! hay2 ! figure ( x altoge!r1 is a cyph] ( ,s's1 or a numb] ( s]p5t9e l9es int]lac+1 or int]volv+ ea* o!r1 :i* suppose trac$ on ! floor1 ! l9es w\ld appe> z fig4 #abc ,t p4 ,,ii4 ,milton 9 8 ,p>adise lo/1 describ+ ! angels danc+ ab\t ! sacr$ hill1 pictures ! :ole idea 9 words2 ,my/ical dance6---- ----,mazes intricate1 ,ecc5tric1 int]volv'd1 yet regul> ,!n mo/1 :5 mo/ irregul> !y seem4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abc ,i %all v5ture1 la/ly1 to say a ^w or two ( /age-action4 ,f :at has be5 said ( habitually mov+ 9 wav+ l9es1 x may possibly be f\nd t if /age-action1 p>ticul>ly ! graceful1 7 to be /udi$ l9eally1 x might be m spe$ily & accurately acquir$ by ! help ( ! =ego+ pr9ciples ?an ! me?ods hi!rto tak54 ,x is kn[n t common deportm5t1 su* z may pass = elegant & prop] (f ! /age1 w\ld no m be ?\ght suffici5t ^u x ?an ! dialogue ( common polite conv]sation1 w\ld be accurate or spirit$ en\gh = ! language ( a play4 ,s t tru/+ to *ance only w n d4 ,! actions ( e sc5e ought to be z mu* z possible a compleat composition ( well v>i$ movem5ts1 consid]$ z su* ab/ract$ly1 & ap>t f :at may be m]ely relative to ! s5se ( ! words4 ,action consid]'d ) reg>d to assi/+ ! au?ors mean+1 by en=c+ ! s5tim5ts or rais+ ! passions1 mu/ be left entirely to ! judgm5t ( ! p]=m]1 we only pret5d to %ew h[ ! limbs may be made to h an equal read9ess to move 9 all su* directions z may be acquir$4 ,:at ,i w\ld h und]/ood by action1 ab/ract$ly & ap>t f its giv+ =ce to ! mean+ ( ! words1 may be bett] conceiv$ by suppos+ a =eign]1 :o is a ?or\gh ma/] ( all ! effects ( action1 at "o ( our !atres1 b q ignorant ( ! language ( ! play2 x is evid5t 8 s5tim5ts "u su* limitations1 w\ld *iefly arise f :at he might di/+ui% by ! l9es ( ! movem5ts belong+ to ea* "*2 ! actions ( an old man1 if prop]1 or n1 w\ld be visible to him at once1 & he w\ld judge ( l[ & odd *>act]s1 by ! inelegant l9es :i* we h already %ewn to belong to ! *>act]s ( pun*1 h>lequ91 pi]rott1 or ! cl[n2 s he w\ld also =m 8 judgm5t ( ! graceful act+ ( a f9e g5tleman1 or h]o1 by ! elegance ( _! movem5ts 9 su* l9es ( grace & beauty z h be5 suffici5tly describ$4 ,see *apt]s ,v1 ,,vi1 ,,vii1 ,,viii1 on ! composition ( =ms4 ,:]e note1 t z ! :ole ( beauty dep5ds ^u cont9ually v>y+ ! same mu/ be obs]v$ ) reg>d to g5teel & elegant act+3 & z pla9 space makes a consid]able "p ( beauty 9 =m1 s cessation ( movem5t 9 act+ is z absolutely necess>y2 & 9 my op9ion mu* want$ on mo/ /ages1 to relieve ! eye f :at ,%akespe> calls1 cont9ually saw+ ! air4 ,! actress ha? suffici5t grace ) few] actions1 & ^? 9 less ext5d$ l9es ?an ! actor2 = z ! l9es t compose ! ,v5us are simpl] & m g5tly fl[+1 ?an ^? t compose ! ,apollo1 s mu/ h] movem5ts be 9 l proportion4 ,& "h x may n be improp] to take notice ( a mis*ief t att5ds copi$ actions on ! /age2 !y are (t5 conf9'd to c]ta9 sets & numb]s1 :i* be+ repeat$1 & gr[+ /ale to ! audi5ce1 become at la/ subject to mimickry & ridicule1 :i* w\ld h>dly be ! case1 if an actor 7 posse/ ( su* g5]al pr9ciples z include a k ( ! effects ( all ! movem5ts t ! body is capable (4 ,! com$ian1 ^: bus9ess x is to imitate ! actions belong+ to p>ticul> *>act]s 9 nature1 may also f9d 8 acc\nt 9 ! k ( l9es2 = :atev] he copies f ! life1 by ^! pr9ciples may be /r5g!n$1 alt]$1 & adju/$ z 8 judgm5t %all direct1 & ! "p ! au?or has giv5 him %all require4 ,,f9is4 ,pr9ts ,publi%'d by ,w4 ,,hog>?1 & are to be _h at 8 ,h\se 9 ,leice/] ,fields4 l4 s4 d4 ,m>riage a-la-mode1 9 six pr9ts #a #aa #f ,h>lot's ,progress1 9 six pr9ts #a #a #j ,rake's ,progress1 9 eight pr9ts #b #b #j ,f\r ,times ( ! ,day1 9 f\r pr9ts #a #j #j ,/roll+ ,actresses dress+ 9 a ,b>n4 #j #e #j ,midnight ,conv]sation #j #e #j ,s\?w>k ,fair #j #e #j ,bi%op ( ,w9*e/] #j #c #j ,calais1 or ! ,roa/ ,beef ( ,old ,engl& #j #e #j ,be=e & ,aft]1 two pr9ts #j #e #j ,di/ress'd ,poet #j #c #j ,enrag$ ,musician #j #c #j ,v>i\s ,*>act]s ( ,heads1 9 five gr\ps #j #b #f ,be] ,/reet & ,g9 ,lane1 two pr9ts #j #c #j ,f\r ,/ages ( ,cruelty1 f\r pr9ts #j #f #j ,moses br\ght to ,ph>oah's ,daught] #j #g #f ,paul be=e ,felix #j #g #f ,paul be=e ,felix 9 ! mann] ( ,rembrant #j #j #j ,! ,effects ( ,idl5ess & ,indu/ry1 exemplifi$ 9 ! ,conduct ( two ,fell[-,pr5tices1 9 twelve pr9ts #j #ab #j ,"l ,lovat #j #a #j ,c\ntry-,inn ,y>d #j #a #j ,sleep+ ,congregation #j #a #j ,m>* to ,f9*ley #j #aj #f ,mr4 ,g>rick 9 ! ,"* ( ,k+ ,ri*>d ! ?ird #j #g #f ,columbus break+ ! ,egg #j #a #j ,frontispiece #j #c #j ,n4 ,b4 ,if any "o pur*ases ! :ole toge!r1 !y w h !m deliv]'d b\nd1 at ! ,price ( t5 ,gu9eas1 & a suffici5t ,m>g9 w be left = ,fram+4 ,,figures ref]r'd to 9 ! ,,book4 ,,plate ,i4 ,figure ,page #a1 #c #b1 #aj1 #gg #c-d1 #ae ,fig4 ov] ,fig4 #d1 xix #f1 vi1 viii1 #bj1 #ha1 #hb1 #hc1 #hf1 #hh1 #abh #g1 viii1 #bj #i1 #bb1 #ace #aj-aa1 #bc #ab1 #ff1 #hf1 #hg1 #hh1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 #abh1 #aec #ac1 #ff1 #aeb #ad1 #be1 #bf #ae1 #bg #af1 #ca #ag-ah1 #ca1 #hg #ai-bj1 #ca #ba1 #cf #bb1 #cc ,fig4 bet'n #bb #aje viii #bc1 #cg #bd-be1 #ch #bf1 #ch1 #ci1 #ajj #bi1 #dj #cj-cb1 #da #cc-cg1 #db #ch1 #dc #ci-db #dd #dc1 xix1 #dd #dd-df #dd #dg1 xix1 #ai ,fig4 bet'n #dg #hh1 #ag1 #ig #dh1 #df #di1 #di1 #abh1 #adc ,fig4 "u #di1 #d #ej1 #di #ec1 #di1 #ej #ed1 v1 #bj1 #fd #ee1 #bj1 #gf #fe1 #ef1 #fj #ff-fg1 #eg ,fig4 ne> #fg1 #fh #fh1 #eh1 #gf #hg-hh1 #aaa #ig1 #ajd1 #abc1 #abd #ih1 #abc1 #abd #ii-aje1 #abd #ajf1 #abe #ajg1 #abh #aae1 #acc ,,plate ,,ii4 ,figure ,page #ea1 #acg #eb1 x #ef1 #ea #eg1 #ea1 #ajc #eh1 #ea1 #ee1 #ajc #ei1 #ec #fj-fc1 #ee #fd1 #ef #fi-gj1 #gh #ga1 #acf #gb1 #bj1 #acg #gc1 #acg #gd1 #ach #ge1 #acg #gf1 #fb1 #fd #gg1 #fb1 #fc1 #fd #gh1 #fc1 #fd #gi-hj1 #fc #ha1 #fd #hb-hc1 #fe #hd-he1 #if #hf1 #ajh1 #aji1 #aaa #hi1 #aaa #ij1 #aji #ia1 #aab #ib1 #aaa #ic1 #aaa #id1 #ih1 #aaf1 #aag1 #aah #ie1 #aae #if1 #aag #ajh-aji1 #acj #aaj1 #acc #aac1 #acb #aad1 #acc #aaf1 #acb #aag-aah1 #acd #aai-abj1 #adc #aba1 #add #abb1 #adg #abc1 #aea