,transcrib]'s note3      ,text enclos$  
by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74   
,text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold  
7bold74    ,corrections & alt]ations f !
 orig9al c be f\nd at ! end (  ! book4  
,,practical ,,helps ,,9 ,,natural       
,,hi/ory                                
,,by ,,! ,,same ,,au?or                 
,,insects           ,,h[ ,,to ,,cat* ,,&
 ,,h[ ,,to ,,prep>e ,,!m ,,= ,,!        
,,cab9et                      ,illu/rat$
      ,price #ej ,c5ts                  
,,field ,,botany                        
,a ,,h&book ,,= ,,! ,,collector         
,illu/rat$      ,price #ej ,c5ts        
,,taxid]my ,,)\t ,a ,,tea*]             
,,compris+       ,a complete ,manual (  
,in/ruction = ,prep>+ & ,pres]v+        
,,birds1 ,,animals ,,& ,,fi%es          
,illu/rat$      ,price #ej ,c5ts        
,,lee ,,& ,,%ep>d ,,publi%]s ,,bo/on    
,,taxid]my ,,)\t ,a ,,tea*]             
,,compris+                     ,a       
,,complete ,,manual ,,( ,,in/ruction    
,,= ,,prep>+ ,,& ,,pres]v+              

,,birds1 ,,animals ,,& ,,fi%es          
,,)              ,a ,,*apt] ,,on ,,hunt+
 ,,& ,,hygi5e2 ,,in/ructions            
,,= ,,pres]v+ ,,eggs ,,& ,,mak+         
,,skeletons                     ,,& ,a  
,,numb] ,,( ,,valuable ,,receipts       
,,by                             ,,walt]
 ,p4 ,,manton                           
,illu/rat$                     ,,second 
,,edition1 ,,revis$ ,,& ,,enl>g$        
,,bo/on                        ,,lee ,,&
 ,,%ep>d ,,publi%]s                     
,,new ,,york ,,*>les ,t4 ,,dill+ham     
,copyright1 #ahhb1                      
,,by ,,lee ,,& ,,%ep>d4                 
,all ,rights ,res]v$4                   
,,to                        ,,pr(essor  
,j4 ,w4 ,p4 ,,j5ks1 ,a4,m41             
,,( ,,br[n ,,univ]sity1                 
,?is ,second ,edition                   
,,is ,,respectfully ,,d$icat$           
,,by ,,! ,,au?or4          ,,cont5ts4   
,,*ap4                                  
,,page      ,i4 ,,bird ,,sk9n+ ,,&      
,,m\nt+                                 

#ac     ,,ii4 ,,p]*es                   
#cd    ,,iii4 ,,sk9n+ ,,& ,,m\nt+       
,,mammals                               
#cg     ,,iv4 ,,sk9n+ ,,& ,,m\nt+       
,,fi%es ,,& ,,reptiles                  
#da      ,v4 ,,eggs ,,& ,,ne/s          
#df     ,,vi4 ,,skeletons               
#di    ,,vii4 ,,hunt+ ,,& ,,hygi5e      
#ea    ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4          
,a--,prim>y ,quills4    ,b--,second>y   
,quills4    ,c--,spuri\s ,w+4    ,d--,w+
 ,cov]ts4    ,e--,t]ti>y ,quills4       
,f--,?roat4    ,g--,jugulum4            
,h--,beak--,upp] & ,l[] ,m&ible4        
,i--,culm5 ( ,upp] ,m&ible4    ,j--,c]e4
    ,k--,commissure4    ,l--,frons1 or  
,=ehead4    ,m--,occipital ,fea!rs4     
,n--,scapul> ,fea!rs4    ,o--,back4     
,p--,upp] ,tail ,cov]ts4    ,q--,rump4  
,r--,%[s position ( ,"u ,tail ,cov]ts4  
,s--,abdom54    ,t--,t>sus4             
,,preface4      ,! success ( ?is little 
book dur+ ! pa/ six ye>s necessitates  a
 second edition4 ,z a manual x is n     
int5d$ to compete ) !  l>g] h&books on !

 subject2 b ! attempt has be5 made to   
furni% ! beg9n] ) reliable in/ruction = 
! lea/ money  possible4 ,! pres5t       
edition has be5 ?or\ghly revis$1 & _m   
additions made4    ,z 0 said 9 ! fir/   
edition3 ,i h employ$ ! me?od giv5 =  a 
numb] ( ye>s1 & ) great success1 &      
gu>antee success to !  le>n] :o fully   
c>ries out ! directions embodi$ h]e94 ,i
 ask !  read] to take himself1 9        
imag9ation1 to my "w-%op1 & to proce$  z
 if ,i 7 at 8 elb[1 guid+ 8 h&1 &       
expla9+ to him !  my/]ies ( ?is         
beautiful art4 ,x is only cont9u\s1     
untir+ labor  t accompli%es any?+ ( real
 m]it 9 ?is life2 & ! mo/  successful   
orni?ologi/s w be f\nd to be ! h>de/    
work]s4    ,!re=e ,i w\ld caution !     
beg9n] aga9/ all impati5ce &            
disappo9tm5t at unsuccessful attempts1 &
 urge him to press =w>d1  cont9ually    
/riv+ to improve ^u pa/ failures1 &     
soon1 to 8  own a/oni%m5t1 ^? ?+s :i* at
 fir/ appe>$ difficult &  awkw>d1 w     
become comp>atively simple & easy4 ,said

 an old tea*]  to me3 ',i c tell y h[   
all ^! ?+s are done1 b ,i _c  enable y  
to d !m2 practice alone w accompli% t4' 
,a p]son ) a light & delicate t\* w be  
mo/ successful  9 ?is art2 !re=e ,i     
recomm5d x to ! special att5tion (      
ladies4 ,x is a cont9ual s\rce (        
pleasure1 & promotive to !  love ( !    
great ,nature :i* moves s my/]i\sly     
ar\nd u4 ,x is  true t we h se5 ^? (    
co>se & vulg> m9ds & clumsy  f+]s1      
em95tly successful2 b :at is m revolt+  
to a delicate  appreciation1 ?an to see 
^! bright creatures1 s m>vell\sly       
con/ruct$ by our all-wise ,fa!r1 tortur$
 into life-l attitudes  by "o :o acts   
m]ely z an automaton1 & has no sympa?y )
 8  "w o!rwise ?an to ga9 a livelihood8 
,x is only ! ref9$ &  ! lov] ( nature :o
 c ?or\ghly enjoy ?is art (             
reproduction4  ,a close obs]v] ( nature1
 9 two %ort h\rs sp5t 9 ! fields &      
woods1 w see & le>n m ?an ! unobs]v+ &  
c>eless p]son  9 z _m ye>s4    ,a c>eful
 obs]vation ( ! habits & attitudes ( !  

little  song/]s :5 free1 w be ( great   
assi/ance 9 m\nt+4 ,a  k ( draw+ w also 
be f\nd ( s]vice4          ,,f ,,!      
,,fir/ ,,edition4                       
,,br[n ,,univ]sity1 ,provid5ce1 ,r4 ,i4 
,,mr4 ,,manton1--,hav+ p]us$ y\r ,,ms4  
,,taxid]my ,,)\t ,a ,,tea*]1  ,i feel   
free to say1 t its sugge/ions are       
em95tly practical1  & _c fail to r5d]   
su* aid to ! beg9n] z he mo/ ne$s1  &   
inde$ mu/ h f "s s\rce1 at ! outset ( 8 
ef=ts  to acquire ! beautiful art (     
pres]v+ & m\nt+ specim5s 9  ,natural    
,hi/ory4    ,:atev] induces ! "y or old 
to turn _! att5tion to !  /udy ( nature1
 is a ga9 to society at l>ge1 z         
sub/itut+  tru? = fiction1 & lead+ ! m9d
 to ! contemplation ( ,him  ^: devis+   
wisdom & sagacity are manife/$ 9 all ,8 
works4  ,comm5d+ highly y\r ef=t1 ,i am 
y\rs1                              ,)   
great respect1                          
,j4 ,w4 ,p4 ,,j5ks4          ,,h&book   
,,( ,,taxid]my4          ,,*apt] ,i4    
,,bird ,,sk9n+ ,,& ,,m\nt+4      ,well1 

"h we are at la/4 ,please turn ! key 9 t
 door--to keep  all inquisitive pri]s   
out--= ! process into :i* ,i am ab\t to 
initiate y is some?+ ( a secret1 %r\d$  
by ! ?9 veil (  my/]y4    ,y h come to  
me to-day to le>n some?+ ( ! art (      
,taxid]my1  s we w take up1 = y\r fir/  
lesson1 bird sk9n+ & m\nt+4  ,b fir/ let
 u see :at      ,,tools    we %all ne$  
to accompli% our end3 a pair ( good %>p 
scissors--surgical scissors1 ) long     
h&les & %ort1 /\t  blades are ! be/2 a  
knife or scalpel2 a pair ( spr+ =ceps2 a
  common knitt+-ne$le2 a rabbit's foot1 
:i* %\ld be cut (f at  ! knee1 ! nails  
cut out1 & ?or\ghly cleans$ & dri$1--us$
  = smoo?+ & du/+ ! fea!rs ( birds aft] 
m\nt+2 a  fi%+-hook1 ) /\t cord atta*$1 
= susp5d+ ! bodies (  birds t w\ld      
o!rwise be too l>ge to h&le conv5i5tly4 
,on ! :ole1 ,i w\ld advise y to get at !
 />t a common  dissect+-case1 :i* w     
conta9 all ( ! above1 & besides be+     
conv5i5t1 may save y mu* delay &        
vexation4    ,y w ne$ a pair ( /\t wire 

cutt]s2 a flat file2 a pair ( wire      
twi/]s or =ceps2 pl5ty ( p9s2 ?read &   
ne$les1--surgical  or saddl]s' ne$les1 z
 !y are call$1 are ! be/1 z !y cut      
in/ead ( pun*+ ! sk92 a bra9 scoop1 made
 by twi/+ a bit (  wire into a loop2 & a
 bobb9 ( ?read1 :i* y c procure at any  
cotton factory4 ,y %\ld also h on h& an 
assortm5t ( anneal$  wire2 glass eyes ( 
v>i\s sizes & colors2 tack nails2 brads2
 a  piece ( putty2 seal+ & bees-wax2    
pa9ts2 glue2 artificial leaves2  mosses2
 ev]la/+ fl[]s1 etc41 = ornam5t+ p]*es4 
,n[ we come to !      ,,mat]ials        
requir$ = /uff+4 ,cotton1 t[1 s(t hay & 
excelsior are !  be/1 b any?+ s(t w d1  
except fea!rs1 hair1 or 9 fact any      
animal sub/ance1 z !y act m]ely z       
assi/ants to ! taxid]mi/'s  great       
enemies--! bugs 7,t9eid & ,d]me/id74    
,,poison    is us$ to pres]ve ! sk9s4 ,b
 z ev]y?+ ( t description  is dang]\s = 
"y & inexp]i5c$ p]sons to h&le1 ,i      
/rongly  recomm5d ! foll[+ prep>ation1 &
 gu>antee x to pres]ve _!  fir/ ef=ts   

until !y become an eye-sore1 & are      
f9ally ?r[n  into ! fire ) mu* disgu/4  
,i4      ,pulv]iz$ ,alum4    ,common    
,salt4 ,equal p>ts4           ,mix4     
,label3 ,salt & ,alum4    ,! be/ & only 
safe prep>ation is3--      ,,ii4        
,ars5ic4    ,pulv]iz$ ,alum4 ,equal     
p>ts4           ,mix4    ,label3        
,,poison66    ,! ars5ic is to poison1 & 
! alum to act z an a/r+5t1  especially 9
 sett+ ! fea!rs & fur ( sk9s p>tially   
decay$4 ,z ars5ic is an irritant poison1
 great c>e %\ld be tak5  :ile us+4 ,see 
t ! h&s are free f all scrat*es1 cuts1  
hang-nails1 & brok5 sk94 ,^! may be     
cov]$ ) c\rt-pla/]  or collodium4 ,wa% !
 h&s imm$iately aft] us+1 & be c>eful   
to clean well "u ! nails4 ,) ^!         
precautions !re is little  or no dang]1 
& x may be us$ ) ! greate/ impunity4    
,avoid  all s-call$ ars5ical soaps1 z !y
 are bo? dang]\s &  disagreeable to     
h&le4 ,use no?+ b ! above receipts1 & y 
w succe$ f> bett]4 ,hav+ all ^! mat]ials
 & implem5ts at  h&1 we are n[ prep>$ to

 g on ) our "w4      ,,labell+4    ,let 
u take ?is ,blue ,jay = y\r fir/        
attempt4 ,! fir/ ?+ to  be done is to   
measure & label x--&1 by ! way1 nev]    
neglect  ?is1 = a bird )\t its label 9 a
 collection1 is l a %ip  at sea )\t its 
rudd]4 ,,l5g?4--,lay ! bird on its back1
 &  ) a pair ( divid]s 7= a l>ge bird a 
tape l9e mu/ be us$7  measure f ! tip ( 
! beak 7! head ly+ flat on ! table7  to 
! tip ( ! tail4 ,place ! po9ts ( !      
divid]s on a rule  t is divid$ into     
"o-hundr$?s ( an in*1 & see h[ mu* !y   
measure4 ,,ext5t4--,place ! bird across 
! rul]1 & us+ reasonable  =ce1 /ret* !  
w+s out1 & see h[ f> !y rea*4 ,,l5g? ,,(
  ,,tail4--,place "o po9t ( ! divid]s at
 ! end ( ! pope's  nose1 & op5 !m until 
! o!r is at ! tip ( ! longe/ tail       
fea!r4 ,,! ,,t>sus4--,place "o po9t ( ! 
divid]s at ! middle  ( ! sole ( ! foot1 
& measure z f> z ! fir/ jo9t4 ,,!       
,,beak4--,place "o po9t ( ! divid]s at !
 beg9n+ ( ! c]e1  on ! upp] m&ible1 &   
op5 !m until ! o!r is at ! tip  ( !     

beak4 ,9 addition to ^! ,i advise y to  
keep ! weight (  ea* specim51 especially
 9 ! case ( game birds4 ,set all ^!     
measurem5ts1 etc41 d[n on y\r label z y 
g along2 also color  ( eye1 cont5ts (   
/oma* 7aft] sk9n+71 & ! numb] ( !  bird4
 ,?is numb] mu/ correspond to a numb] 9 
y\r ,orni?ological  ,l$g]--a book 9 :i* 
y %\ld keep an acc\nt ( ea* day's  do+s2
 ! numb] ( birds kill$1 ! numb] us$1    
attitudes1 etc41  & :atev] else may be (
 int]e/ to y reg>d+ ! day's  %oot+4     
,,blood ,,/a9s4    ,^! may be remov$    
be=e sk9n+1 by g5tly wa%+ ) a sponge  & 
a little wat]1 & aft]w>ds dri$ by work+ 
into ! fea!rs  pulv]iz$ pla/] ( ,p>is1  
or potato />*1 until ! wat] is all      
absorb$1 & ! fea!rs become dry & clean2 
!n %ake all pla/]  or />* f ! fea!rs4   
,n[ fill ! beak1 anus1 & %ot holes1  if 
y h n previ\sly done s1,a ) cotton1 & we
 are ready  to beg9    ,a ,see ,hunt+ & 
,hygi5e4    ,,sk9n+4    ,lay ! bird on  
its back1 its head t[>ds y\r "r h&1 &   
run  ! h&le ( y\r scalpel f ! /]num1 or 

brea/ bone1 to !  anus4 ,9 s do+ y w see
 !re is a little nak$ place1 9 _m       
birds1 all ! way d[n4 ,/roke ! fea!rs   
away "r & left1  leav+ ?is b>e1 & ins]t+
 ! po9t ( ! scissors at ! end  ( !      
/]num1 cut d[n to & into ! anus 7tak+   
c>e n to  cut ?r\gh ! ?9 belly walls2 if
 ?is is done1 fill ! place )  cotton1 or
 disemb[el72 /opp+ "h1 z ?is makes a    
good /rong  t]m9ation t w n easily te>4 
,take ! =ceps 9 ! "r  h&1 & seize "o    
edge ( ! sk94 ,hold+ ?is1 press & pu%   
7nev] pull7 ! sk9 f ! sides & belly     
walls4 ,c>e mu/ be  tak5 t ! fea!rs d n 
get into ! cut & ?us become soil$4      
,keep /rok+ !m away1 "r & left1 & place 
a little fluff  ( cotton1 tissue pap]1  
or :ite p9e sawdu/1 "u !m4 ,aft]  sk9n+ 
away1 y w come to a h>d sub/ance2 ?is is
 ! ?igh4  ,sk9 c>efully ar\nd ?is until 
y come to ! "u side1 :5 y  c easily     
ins]t y\r scissors & sev] x f ! body4   
,pu% !  leg up out ( ! sk9 until y come 
to ! t>sus2 cle> away all  muscles &    
t5dons1 & br+ ! legs back into its sk9  

aga94  ,repeat ?is process on ! o!r side
 )\t turn+ ! bird ar\nd4  ,n[ sk9       
c>efully ar\nd ! tail2 place y\r =ef+]  
across ?is1  & press+ x back a little1  
ins]t ! scissors & sev] ! /ump4  ,great 
c>e mu/ be tak51 h[ev]1 n to cut ! ?9 & 
v t5d]  sk9 ov] ! tail4    ,n[ turn !   
bird up1 & ) its belly po9t+ t[>d y1 let
 !  tail fall ov] ! =ef+] ( y\r "r h&1 &
 ) y\r ?umb  nail & f+]s1 cont9ue to pu%
 & "w ! sk9 until y come to  ! w+s2 sev]
 ^! at ! %\ld]4    ,n[ hold+ ! sk9 9 !  
left h&1 & lett+ ! body fall ov]  ! o!r 
side ( ! f+]s1 sk9 d[n ! neck--:i* w    
slip  out z easily z a f+] f a          
glove--until y come to ! base  ( !      
skull4 ,sk9 c>efully ov] ?is1 tak+ great
 c>e to deta*  ! ?9 membrane ( ! e>1 ) !
 ?umb-nail or scalpel h&le1  & proce$   
until y come to ! front "p ( ! eye      
socket4 ,cut  ! ?9 membrane t cov]s !   
eye1 tak+ c>e n to lac]ate !  ball2 !n  
scoop out ! eyes4 ,/ick "o po9t ( !     
scissors j  inside "o bran* ( ! l[] jaw1
 & make a cut p>allel ) !  jaw1 cru%+   

?r\gh ! skull j outside ! angle ( ! jaw4
 ,make  a duplicate cut on ! o!r side4  
,!n at ! end ( ^! make a  transv]se cut 
?r\gh ! ro( ( ! m\?4    ,connect !      
po/]ior ends ( ! side cuts by cutt+     
across ! skull  ne> its base4 ,y h n[   
cut out a squ>e-%ap$ piece ( bone &     
muscle1 & by pull+ g5tly on ! neck1 ?is 
w come out1 br++  ) x a mass ( bra94    
,remove all bra9 & muscles ( ! head4    
,sk9  d[n ! w+s z f> z !y w g1 & run !  
?umb-nail along !  ulna1 deta*+ ! quills
 to ! metac>pal bones2 remove all       
muscles  & t5dons4 ,n[ turn ! sk9 &     
%ovel 9 ars5ic1 s t all p>ts  may be    
cov]$2 aft]w>ds %ake ! sk9 ov] y\r box  
to remove all  loose ars5ic4    ,"s     
difficulty may be exp]i5c$ 9 gett+ !    
head back into !  sk94 ,beg9 9 any way y
 please until y see ! po9t ( ! beak     
com+ ?r\gh ! fea!rs2 seize ?is ) ! f+]s1
 & mak+  a cyl9d] ( y\r left h&1 g5tly  
coax ! sk9 backw>ds1 ) a  motion v mu* l
 t ( milk+4    ,n[ if y wi% to make !   
sk9 neat1 dress e fea!r ) !  ?umb &     

knitt+-ne$le1 & see t !y all lie 9      
place4 ,ins]t  ! knitt+-ne$le ?r\gh !   
eye to ! top ( ! skull 7"u !  sk971     
adju/ ! scalp & see t e fea!r is smoo?4 
,9 birds ) l>ge heads--su* z owls1 "s   
woodpeck]s &  ducks--ov] :i* ! neck sk9 
w n easily slip1 a slit mu/  be made    
along ! top ( ! head & ! skull work$    
?r\gh1 &  treat$ z giv54 ,:5 complet$1  
sew up ! sk9 & c>efully arrange  !      
fea!rs4    ,:5 birds are to be m\nt$ )  
spread w+s1 z if fly+1 x is  sometimes  
desirable to make ! incision along !    
back in/ead ( !  belly1 ! v5tral fea!rs 
?us pres5t+ a smoo!r appe>ance4         
,,mak+ ,a ,,sk94    ,aft] a sk9 has be5 
poison$ & dress$1 x may be made  by     
ins]t+ into ea* eye-socket1 ?r\gh !     
neck1 ) !  knitt+-ne$le1 a little ball (
 cotton4 ,!n make a little roll (       
cotton & ins]t x into ! neck2 "o end 9 !
 cavity ( ! skull1  ! o!r j appe>+ at ! 
end ( ! neck4 ,"s collectors at  ?is    
po9t fa/5 ! w+s to ! sides1 by tak+ a   
/it* ?r\gh  !m ) ne$le & ?read4 ,be=e   

do+ ?is1 be sure t ! w+s  are 9 ! "r    
place4 ,take a piece ( cotton ab\t      
"o-half ! size  ( ! bird's body1 & by   
turn+ 9 ! edges make x into an oblong   
ball1 correspond+ to ! body j remov$4   
,place ?is 9 ! sk9  ) ! =ceps1 & be=e   
lett+ g ) ! ?umb & =ef+]  press ! w+s   
toge!r on ! back1 plac+ ! f+]s "u !     
w+s4 ,n[ draw ! edges ( ! sk9 toge!r1 & 
mak+ a cyl9d]  ( ea* h&1 g5tly coax !   
sk9 ?r\gh1 until x is ( ! requir$  %ape4
 ,!n place x 9 a dry+-rack1 made by b5d+
 a piece ( z9c  or t9 into a half       
cyl9d]4 ,leave x to dry = a few days4   
,_m  collectors nev] m\nt birds1 b pref]
 made sk9s4 ,^! may be  relax$ at any "t
 by wrapp+ 9 damp cotton = a few days1 &
 !n  set up z direct$4      ,,sex       
,may be det]m9$ by cutt+ ?r\gh ! ribs "u
 ! "r w+1 &  pu%+ away ! inte/9es4 ,!re1
 b\nd to ! small ( ! back1  w be se5 !  
te/icles ( ! male--two sph]oidal1 :iti% 
bodies1 :i* v>y 9 size accord+ to !     
season ( ! ye>4 ,9 !  female w be se5 ! 
ov>ies1 a flatt5$ mass ( :iti% bodies4  

,^! are (t5 s m9ute z to defy ! nak$    
eye1 & ! inquir]  is oblig$ to employ ! 
microscope to make ! di/9ction4 ,! sign 
recogniz$ by orni?ologi/s all ov] ! _w  
is male symbol =  males1 & female symbol
 = females2 to :i* is add$ = "y  birds !
 ,lat9 juv5is or juv4 or ,o1 mean+ "y1 &
 ,nupt4  = birds 9 nuptial or bre$+     
plumage4      ,,/uff+4    ,9 ! fir/     
place we mu/ prep>e ! wires t we %all   
ne$4 ,!re  are ?ree ( ^!--! head wire & 
two leg wires4 ,! fir/ ( ^!  mu/ be ab\t
 ?ree or f\r in*es long] ?an ! bird z x 
lies  /ret*$ out on ! table 7,fig4 #b1  
,a72 ! second & ?ird two or  ?ree in*es 
long] ?an ! leg 7,c74    ,illu/ration3  
,,fig4 #b4    ,^! wires mu/ be p]fectly 
/raight 79 ! case ( small wires ?is  may
 be done by /ret*+71 & h "o end %>p5$4  
,to d ?is  make a little groove ) ! file
 9 ! table1 lay ! end ( !  wire 9 ?is1 &
 hold+ x 9 ! left h&1 place ! =ef+]  ne>
 ! end1 & seiz+ ! file 9 ! "r h& sl[ly  
%>p51  revolv+ ! wire at ! same "t ) !  
left4 ,?is w seem a  little awkw>d at   

fir/1 b y w soon become accu/om$ to x4  
,n[  take a piece ( s&-pap] & poli% !   
wires4    ,take ! longe/ ( ! ?ree wires1
 & b5d ! un%>p5$ end  into an oblong    
r+--9 l5g? accord+ to ! size ( ! bird to
  be m\nt$4 ,or1 in/ead ( ! r+1 y may   
make a little oval block  ( wood1 secure
 ! head wire to "o end1 & bore holes = !
 leg  wires1 :i* mu/ be firmly fa/5$4 ,=
 ?is ,blue ,jay we w make x  ab\t "o in*
 9 l5g?4 ,n[ ar\nd ?is r+ or block z a  
nucleus1  or f\ndation1 place ! t[ & w9d
 x on ) ?read or /r+1  cont9ually putt+ 
on m t[ until y h an egg-%ap$ =m 7,b74  
,w9d ar\nd & !n l5g?ways to accompli%   
?is4 ,= birds  l>g] ?an a can>y1 ! body 
may be made ( hay or excelsior1 &  f9i%$
 ) a coat+ ( t[4 ,?is is easi] to put   
wires ?r\gh1  & is m economical4 ,! t[  
body mu/ be z ne> ! size ( !  natural   
body z possible1 if any?+ a trifle      
small]1 on no acc\nt  l>g]4 ,9 ord] to  
be m accurate1 ,i g5]ally keep ! body ( 
! bird sk9n$1 on my table1 & :ile w9d+  
comp>e ! artificial  body ) ?is until x 

is p]fect$4 ,9 ?is way a bett] %ap$ &   
firm] body is produc$4 ,be c>eful t y d 
n get ! body too  s(t 7y _c get x too   
h>d71 or :5 y come to set up y\r  bird x
 w be too weak to /& on its legs2 !     
wires w h  no?+ to cl9* & hold to4 ,n[  
take a bit ( cotton1 & ) !  =ceps       
introduce into ! eye-socket ?r\gh !     
neck4 ,repeat on !  o!r side4 ,fill up !
 cavity betwe5 ! m&ibles & ! space 9  ! 
cranium ) f9ely cut t[4 ,unless y are   
mak+ a sk91 ?is  _h bett] be done       
directly aft] poison+ ! sk91 be=e turn+ 
! head ?r\gh ! neck4 ,n[ z to ! neck4   
,"s say1 ,fill out  g5tly ) *opp$ t[4 ,i
 pref] to w9d ! wire1 ,a1 = a %ort      
di/ance1 ) a bit ( t[4 ,to make ?is     
/ick1 fir/ rub ! wire  ) a piece (      
beeswax4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 makes a bett]    
neck1 & is  less liable to mis%ape &    
contort ! sk94    ,n[ pu% ! leg wire    
?r\gh ! sole ( ! foot1 & run x along  ! 
leg-bone up ?r\gh ! leg4 ,great c>e mu/ 
be tak5 n to break  ! t>sus or run !    
wire ?r\gh ! loose sk9 :i* envelops !   

leg s z to te> x4 ,repeat on ! o!r leg4 
,n[ w9d a little spl9t  ( t[ ar\nd !    
bone & wire ( ea* leg4 ,?is w require "s
  practice1 b once acquir$ x is v easy4 
,place ! body 9 !  sk91 & ) a twi/+     
motion run ! wire out ?r\gh ! top (  !  
head4 ,g5tly draw ! sk9 ov] ! body until
 x is ab\t half  way 94 ,!n run ! leg   
wires ?r\gh ! body1 a little front (  ! 
middle & a trifle high] up4 ,:5 ! wire  
appe>s ?r\gh !  o!r side1 seize x ) !   
twi/]s1 & b5d+ x into a hook1  draw x   
firmly into ! body4 ,repeat on ! o!r    
side4 ,n[ "w !  body entirely into !    
sk91 by b5d+ l5g?wise ! legs1 & g5tly   
slid+ !m on ! wires4 ,?is done1 take a  
little *opp$ t[ or  cotton & place x "u 
! body1 on ea* side1 directly :]e !     
%\ld]s come4 ,p9 or sew ! edges ( ! sk9 
toge!r4 ,!re w  be a long piece ( wire  
project+ f ! head4 ,cut ?is (f1 say     
qu>t] ( an in* f ! head2 & mak+ a r+ at 
! un%>p5$  end1 pu% x ?r\gh ! /ump ( !  
tail into ! body4 ,?is is to  support ! 
tail 7,d74    ,j n[ ! bird is a decid$ly

 %abby look+ affair1 & if y are  n      
c>eful y w f9d y\rself gett+ disc\rag$1 
& ?9k+  t y h spoil$ ! sk94 ,b d n      
despair1 = if y h  c>efully foll[$ !    
directions1 all w be "r1 & y w soon  h !
 pleasure ( see+ a well-m\nt$ specim54  
,b x w only  be aft] _m failures t y w  
succe$4 ,rememb] ,po/ nubila  ,phbus1--&
 x is j ! same ) bird /uff+4            
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4    ,! legs are 
n[ /raddl+ wide ap>t4 ,br+ !m toge!r    
p>allel  to ea* o!r1 & make a %>p b5d at
 ! knee1 br++ !m ov]  ! body 9 a natural
 position4 ,n[ place ! bird on a        
tempor>y  p]*2 b5d back ! head1 &       
arrange ! body 9 ! position y  ?9k mo/  
lifelike4 ,"s difficulty may be f\nd 9  
adju/+ !  w+s1 b if prec$+ processes h  
be5 rightly c>ri$ out1 !y  w readily    
fall1 or may be easily work$ into place4
 ,/ick two p9s  ?r\gh !m at "r & obtuse 
angles to hold !m 9 place 7#a &  #b1    
,fig4 #c74 ,n[ y\r bird w look mu*      
bett]1 & ) ! exception  ( rumpl$ fea!rs1
 q lifelike4 ,to rem$y ?is latt]1 ) !   

knitt+-ne$le & ?umb g all ov] ! bird ) a
 k9d ( pick+  process2 lift+ ! fea!rs & 
lett+ !m g5tly fall into place4  ,y _c  
"w ov] ! bird too long 9 ?is way2 & ! m 
"t  y sp5d 9 dress+ ! fea!rs1 ! bett] w 
be y\r specim5  aft] dry+4 ,n[ /ick two 
p9s along ! back1 & ?ree along !  brea/ 
7,g1 ,h1 ,i1 ,j1 ,k74 ,fa/5 "o end ( !  
?read f ! bobb9  to ! project+ head     
wire1 & c>efully w9d ! entire bird4 ,d  
?is loosely1 s z n to dis>range any ( ! 
fea!rs1 tight5+1  h[ev]1 :]ev] !y t5d to
 rise or look unev54    ,?is w9d+       
process is consid]$ by "s to be ! mo/   
difficult  "p ( bird m\nt+4    ,!       
specim5 %\ld n[ be set away = sev]al    
days1 or ev5 weeks1  if ! bird be a l>ge
 "o1 & all[$ to dry2 aft] :i* x may be  
unw\nd2 ! eyelids soak$1 by ins]t+      
little flabs ( wet cotton  until !y     
become s(t & pliable2 ! eyes ins]t$ 9   
putty1 &  ! lids c>efully adju/$ ov] !m4
 ,! protrud+ head wire & !  p9s 9 ! w+s 
are cut (f1 & y\r bird m\nt$ on ! p]*   
:i*  y h already prep>$ = x4      ,,w+s 

,,& ,,tail4    ,w+s may be spread by    
runn+ a wire ?r\gh ! prim>ies 7,fig4 #a1
  ,a7 into ! body1 & plac+ ano!r ne> !  
end ( ! w+ z a  support :ile dry+4 ,!   
tail may be spread by runn+ a wire ?r\gh
  ! quills1 ne> ! pope's nose 7,fig4 #b1
 ,e71 or by plac+ a bit (  split wood   
across ! tip & ty+ ! op5 end firmly     
7,fig4 #c1 ,l74  ,cre/s may be rais$ or 
spread by ins]t+ a small fluff1 or ball 
(  cotton "u ! fea!rs1 us+ a p9 to hold 
!m 9 place4    ,:5 glass eyes are n at  
h&1 black beads may be us$4 ,or :ite    
glass beads may h a pupil 7black7       
surr\nd$ by ! iris 7yell[ or  br[n7     
pa9t$ ) oil colors on ! back4 ,if nei!r 
( ! above  c be procur$1 a half globe ( 
! "r size may be cut out ( cork  or wood
 & a p9 run ?r\gh its c5tre4 ,! outside 
is !n to  be cov]$ ) seal+-wax or v>ni% 
until q smoo?1 & !n  pa9t$ ! requir$    
color4    ,! feet1 t>si1 c]e & loose sk9
 ab\t ! necks ( "s birds  (t5 fade or   
become dull4 ,^! %\ld be c>efully pa9t$1
 imitat+  ! orig9al colors z closely z  

possible4    ,y h n[ complet$ y\r fir/  
lesson1 & ,i advise t y become  p]fectly
 famili> ) sk9n+ & m\nt+ birds1 be=e y  
take  up t ( animals4 ,= y _c become too
 famili> & too mu* at  home 9 ?is       
dep>tm5t2 & x w come 9 play fifty times1
 :]e  ! o!r does once4          ,,*apt] 
,,ii4    ,,p]*es4      ,a v pretty p]* c
 be made by arrang+ wires 9 ! %ape ( a  
twig or bran*1 hav+ "o end firmly fa/5$ 
9 a block ( wood4  ,w9d ! wires to !    
prop] size ) t[1 & aft] giv+ ! :ole  a  
coat+ ( ?9 glue1 spr9kle ov] x smalts & 
dry moss1 rubb$  f9e 9 ! h&s2 :5 ?is is 
dry1 y c glue on artificial leaves1     
fl[]s1 & grasses z y\r ta/e prompts4    
,ano!r good p]* =  small birds is a /ump
 made ( pa/ebo>d1 ) a small op5+ on  "o 
side4 ,cov] ?is ) ! same mat]ials z     
above4 ,x %\ld be  ab\t an in* & a half 
9 height4 ,ano!r p]* is made by r$uc+   
pa/ebo>d to a pulp1 & m\ld+ x ar\nd a   
twig or wire =m4 ,boil  ! pa/ebo>d to a 
pulp 9 a little wat]4 ,!n =ce ?r\gh a   
co>se  sieve1 & mix ) ?9 glue4 ,m\ld ?is

 ar\nd ! =m1 give x  a coat ( br[n pa9t1
 & decorate to ta/e4 ,to give x a r\gh] 
appe>ance1 a co>se comb may be drawn ov]
 x be=e pa9t+4    ,a v effective way (  
m\nt+ humm+birds is to =m a tree )      
small palm leaves1 or o!rs1 atta*$ to a 
moss-cov]$ /alk1 hav+  moss & grasses at
 its base4 ,let ! humm]s h ! w+s & tails
  spread1 & cre/s & brea/-tufts rais$ 9 
! mo/ effective  mann]4 ,!y are !n      
atta*$ to s+le wires />t+ f ! limbs  ( !
 tree1 ) back or brea/ %[+ accord+ to ! 
"p :i* is  to be display$4              
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4    ,ano!r good 
way1 especially :]e ! collection is     
l>ge1 is a s+le  wire b5t oval1 & bo?   
ends fa/5$ to a block /&>d4 ,to !       
outside & inside are fix$ %ort p]*es (  
wire ^u :i* ! birds  are m\nt$4         
,birds m\nt$ = ornam5tal purposes %\ld  
be plac$ "u glass1  to protect !m f du/ 
& insects4 ,a v neat homemade case is   
con/ruct$ ( w9d[-glass1 cut ( ! prop]   
dim5sions2 ! sides1  top & bottom be+   
fa/5$ toge!r by /rips ( /\t pap] glu$   

ov] _! edges4 ,or ! glass may be set 9 a
 light framework ( wood1  :i* may be    
pa9t$1 /a9$1 or eboniz$4 ,to ebonize1 y 
require  extract ( logwood1 a supply (  
ru/y nails1 or scraps ( iron1 &  "s     
v9eg>4 ,place ! iron 9 ! v9eg> a week or
 m be=e us+  ! latt]4 ,:5 y are ready to
 beg91 give ! wood sev]al coat+s  ) a   
/rong solution ( ! logwood1 & :5 ?is is 
ne>ly dry1  bru% ov] ) ! v9eg>4 ,a f9e  
dull black color w be produc$4    ,all  
ducks1 wad+ & gr\nd birds %\ld be m\nt$ 
on a piece (  bo>d2 & long-legg$ birds  
%\ld h "o foot a little 9 advance  ( !  
o!r1 z if 9 ! act ( /epp+4 ,! attitudes 
( birds1  se5 9 y\r rambles1 may be put 
to use 9 y\r m\nt$ specim5s1 &  y\r own 
ta/e w sugge/ a v>iety ( p]*es & ways = 
m\nt+4          ,,*apt] ,,iii4          
,,sk9n+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,,mammals4      ,:5 
! beg9n] has once become pr(ici5t 9     
sk9n+ & m\nt+  birds1 he w h b little   
difficulty 9 sett+ up mammals4 ,!  same 
g5]al pr9ciples are to be obs]v$ ) ea*4 
,,sk9n+4    ,cut ) ! scalpel or /\t     

scissors f ! brea/-bone d[n to !  anus3 
sev] ! legs close to body1 & treat bo?  
legs & head z  giv5 = birds4    ,"s     
difficulty may be exp]i5c$ 9 sk9n+ !    
tail4 ,?is is  readily done if x be a   
hairy tail1 by pu%+ ! sk9 ov] ! fir/    
two or ?ree v]tebr1 !n seiz+ ! /ump ) ! 
left h&1 pull1  at ! same "t hold+ ! sk9
 back ) ! "r h&4 ,! bone  w g5]ally slip
 out z easily z a sword f its %ea?2 b if
  x w n come1 tie a knot ( /rong cord   
ov] ! end1 & fa/5 to  "s support firmly4
 ,!n hold+ on ) ! "r h&1 z be=e1  y c   
easily /rip ! tail to ! tip4            
,,m\nt+4    ,in/ead ( ?ree1 y mu/ n[ h  
five wires4 ,%>p5 & s&-pap]1  z ! =m]1 &
 make a nucleus = body4 ,! %ape ( an    
animal1  ) ! neck sev]$ f ! skull1 is l 
! italic f laid on  its side 7sideways  
italic f74 ,?is is made by w9d+ ! t[ on 
! nucleus1 ! same z ) birds1 & draw+ !  
/r+ tight at  diff]5t po9ts to give x ! 
requir$ =m4    ,run ! leg wires up ?r\gh
 ! leg1 & w9d ) t[ to ! prop]  size4    
,pu% ! wires ?r\gh ! body1 & fa/5 !m4   

,if any special  position is requir$ = !
 tail1 a wire may be run ?r\gh !  body  
into x2 o!rwise x may m]ely be p9n$ to !
 /& until  dry4 ,hav+ complet$ ! wir+ & 
/uff+1 sew up ! sk92  br+ ! legs ov] !  
body1 p>allel to ea* o!r1 & make !      
requir$ b5d at ! knees4 ,n[ m\nt y\r    
specim5 9 su* a mann]  z y may *oose2   
put 9 ! eyes & set away to dry4 ,!re w  
be  defici5cies1 "h & !re1 :]e ! body   
does n q fill out  ! sk94 ,^! mu/ be    
suppli$ ) *opp$ t[1 be=e sew+ up !  sk94
    ,y c get ! size & curves ( ! body   
only by practice2 b ^!  few words on !  
subject may be f\nd ( assi/ance to y2   
rememb]+  t all quadrup$s curve greatly 
f ! top ( ! hips to ! tail4    ,if !    
animal is to be m\nt$ ) ! m\? op51 place
 pieces (  wood betwe5 ! jaws1 & /uff   
out ! lips 9 a natural mann] until      
dry1--:5 ! props may be remov$4 ,a      
tongue is made ( cork or light  wood1 ) 
two wires secur$ to ! back1 by :i* x is 
aft]w>ds  fa/5$ to ! skull4 ,cov] y\r   
artificial tongue ) wax1 & place  9     

position4 ,! inside ( ! m\? & ! gums mu/
 also be neatly  cov]$ ) wax4 ,! :ole n[
 requires to be pa9t$ ) ! color  mo/    
resembl+ nature1 & :5 t is dry bru%$ ov]
 ) a  mixture ( ,dam> v>ni% & oil (     
turp5t9e4    ,! be/ /& on :i* to m\nt   
mammals is an oval block ( wood  v>y+ 9 
?ickness accord+ to ! size ( ! specim54 
,!  "n %\ld be pa9t$ 9 black lett]s on !
 side ( ! block1  & ! :ole v>ni%$4      
,rocks1 /ump effects1 etc41 are made by 
b5d+ pa/e-bo>d to ! requir$ %ape1 fa/5+ 
to a /&>d1  & /iff5+ ) glue4 ,s&1       
smalts1 etc41 may !n be du/$ on4  ,if   
!re are sev]al mammals m\nt$ 9 ! same   
case1 a wat]color  backgr\nd is v       
effective4          ,,*apt] ,,iv4       
,,sk9n+ ,,& ,,m\nt+ ,,fi%es ,,&         
,,reptiles4      ,,fi%es4--,,sk9n+4     
,^! may be op5$ 9 two ways1 accord+ to !
 position 9 :i*  ! specim5 is to be     
m\nt$4 ,if ! fi% is to re/ on its belly1
 an  incision %\ld be made ! entire l5g?
 ( ! v5tral surface1 f  ! gills to ! end
 ( ! tail4 ,if ! fi% is to re/ on its   

side1  ! incision %\ld be made on !     
side4 ,be=e proce$+ f>!r  cov] ! entire 
fi% ) tissue pap] :i* w adh]e ) ! use  (
 ?9 gum4    ,n[1 ) ! scalpel1 h&le      
c>efully1 deta* ! s(t p>ts f  ! sk91    
cutt+ rib-bones ) ! scissors1 until !   
back is  rea*$4 ,cut ?r\gh ! f9-bones1 &
 ! body w be f\nd q  loose4 ,deta* !    
tail end1 & remove all muscle f ! rema9+
  v]tebr4 ,cut ?r\gh ! body at ! base ( 
! skull2 clean bra9  cavity ?or\ghly1 & 
remove eyes4 ,?is latt] op]ation may    
require  "s assi/ance f ! scissors1 on !
 outside4 ,all muscles ab\t  ! eyes &   
skull %\ld be c>efully remov$4 ,:5 y\r  
sk9 is  ready1 poison x well ) !        
ars5ic-alum p[d]4      ,,m\nt+4    ,!   
artificial body = y\r specim5 may be    
made ( ! same mat]ials  z us$ 9 /uff+   
birds & mammals1 ( clay1 pla/] ( ,p>is1 
or  ! sk9 may be simply dri$4 ,a t[ body
 may be made & cov]$ )  a lay] ( clay1  
to give x a smoo?1 ev5 surface4 ,y may  
=m a  m\ld by press+ y\r specim5 into   
damp clay1 all[+ ?is to dry  & !n coat+ 

! m\ld ) color$ v>ni%4 ,:5 ?is is dry1  
p\r pla/] ( ,p>is ( ! consi/5cy ( cream 
into ! m\ld &  let dry4 ,! o!r side ( ! 
fi% mu/ be treat$ 9 ! same way1  & ! two
 halves unit$ by ! solution ( pla/]4 ,:5
 y\r body  is ready1 place x 9 ! sk9 &  
sew up4 ,place ! specim5 9  ! requir$   
position & fa/5 to a bo>d by /\t p9s    
driv5 on  ea* side4 ,spread ! f9s1 tail1
 etc41 by means ( ! wood5 clamps        
already m5tion$ 7,fig4 #c1 ,l71 & set ! 
specim5 away to dry4 ,a v  conv5i5t way 
( treat+ _m specim5s1 especially        
h>d-scal$ fi%1  is to br+ ! sides ( !   
op5+ toge!r by a few /it*es1 &  glue a  
/rip ( clo? ! entire l5g? ( ! incision4 
,be=e ?is  is done1 h[ev]1 ! end ( !    
tail beyond ! anus mu/ be /uff$  out )  
cotton4 ,take a few /it*es ?r\gh ! gills
 to hold !m  d[n :ile dry+4 ,n[ place a 
t9 tunnel 9 ! fi%'s m\?1 &  fill out !  
sk9 ) f9e s&4 ,place a wad ( cotton 9 ! 
?roat1  to keep ! s& 92 put ! specim5 9 
! desir$ position2 remove  ! tissue pap]
 ) sponge & wat]2 & set y\r specim5 away

 =  sev]al weeks1 to dry4 ,:5 y are     
ready to m\nt y\r specim51 make  sev]al 
small holes 9 x1 to let ! s& out1 & :5 q
 empty  fa/5 to a bo>d2 m\nt 9 a case1  
or 9 any way :i* y\r ta/e  may sugge/4  
,x is sometimes desirable to reta9 only 
"o side ( a  specim54 ,t side %\ld be   
cov]$ ) tissue pap]1 z direct$1  & ! o!r
 side1 s(t p>ts1 bone1 etc41 cut away4  
,poison1 place  ! sk9 on a bo>d1 & p9 or
 nail ! edges fa/1 t x may n  contract  
:ile dry+4 ,m\nt specim5s ) glass eyes1 
& bru% ov]  ) a coat ( v>ni%4 ,if spots1
 etc41 fade1 !y mu/ be t\*$ up  ) pa9t4 
,,reptiles4--,,sk9n+4    ,snakes1 frogs1
 etc4 may be op5$ along ! belly1 or !y  
may be  sk9n$ ?r\gh ! m\?4 ,if ! latt]1 
op5 ! m\? z wide  z possible1 & ) !     
scissors cut ?r\gh ! body & fir/        
v]tebra4 ,seize ! /ump ) a pair ( =ceps1
 & c>efully pu%  ! muscles f ! sk91 at !
 same "t draw+ ! body out ( !  m\?4     
,?is1 ( c\rse1 inv]ts ! sk94 ,poison    
?or\ghly4      ,,m\nt+4    ,! be/ way to
 treat frogs is to fill out ! sk9 ) s&1 

&  :5 dry let ! s& out ( x ?r\gh p9     
holes4 ,put 9 eyes &  v>ni%4 ,snakes may
 be /uff$ out ) s&1 or a body may be    
made4  ,= ! latt]1 take a piece (       
anneal$ wire1 r %ort] ?an !  specim51   
w9d ) t[ to ! requir$ size1 & place 9 ! 
sk94  ,! wire enables y to give !       
specim5 any position desir$2 :ile1  if  
s& is us$1 ! specim5 mu/ ei!r lie coil$ 
up or /raight4  ,if ! m\? is to be kept 
op51 a tongue may be made ( f9e wire &  
pa9t$ r$4          ,,*apt] ,v4    ,,eggs
 ,,& ,,ne/s4      ,a full set ( eggs is 
always desirable1 if !y c be obta9$1 b1 
z ! old say+ is1 ,a half-loaf is bett]  
?an no bread4 ,!  cont5ts may be remov$ 
by mak+ a hole 9 ! side ( ! egg ) an    
egg drill1 & suck+ out ! :ite & yolk ) a
 glass bl[-pipe1  or by means ( a little
 syr+e ) a bit ( rubb] tub+ atta*$ to  !
 nozzle4 ,if ! "y h already =m$1 a      
squ>i%-%ap$ hole  may be made on "o     
side1 & ! cont5ts hook$ out4 ,! hole may
 be  aft]w>ds clos$ by pa/+ a bit ( film
 or tissue pap] ov] x4  ,:ile drill+    

?r\gh ! %ell1 ! egg %\ld be held ov]    
wat]1 s  t if dropp$ x may n be brok52  
or an arrangem5t made ( wire  resembl+ a
 pair ( scissors1 ! ends t]m9at+ 9 a r+ 
or oval1  may be us$4 ,! ends are !n    
cov]$ ) nett+2 ?us =m+ a  s(t1 yet      
/rong1 re/+-place = ! egg4 7,fig4 #e47  
,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4    ,! "n ( !   
specim51 toge!r ) size1 date (          
collection &  collector's "n1 %\ld be   
writt5 on ! %ell ( ea* egg1 & !  entire 
hat* return$ to ! ne/4 ,x w\ld be a good
 plan to give  ! eggs ! same numb] z !  
p>5t bird1 if ?is is obta9$1  toge!r ) a
 numb] ( _! own4 ,y c !n note !m 9 y\r  
orni?ological l$g]1 or1 if y *oose1 y c 
keep an ological  l$g] sep>ate4    ,ne/s
 %\ld be pres]v$1 if possible1 atta*$ to
 ! bran* on :i*  !y 7 f\nd4 ,?is /em    
%\ld be f ?ree to six in*es long1 &  be 
atta*$ by its base to a block /&>d4 ,or1
 ne/s may be plac$  9 little glass      
trays1 made ( pieces ( w9d[-glass held  
toge!r by  /rips ( pap] glu$ ov] !      
edges4 ,if ! ne/ is n c>$ =1 or  _c be  

obta9$1 ! eggs may be plac$ on cotton1 9
 little boxes1  & arrang$ 9 ! cab9et to 
suit ! collector4 ,a v good &  safe way 
( transport+ eggs1 is to place !m betwe5
 two lay]s (  cotton 9 ! ne/1 :i* mu/ be
 pack$ closely1 b )\t pressure4         
,,gum ,,pa/e4      ,gum ,arabic1 #d     
ounces4    ,corrosive ,sublimate1 #b    
gra9s4    ,:ite ,sug> ,c&y1 #b ounces4  
,mix4    ,melt1 & label ,gum ,pa/e1 =   
clos+ ! holes drill$ 9 eggs1  etc4      
,,*apt] ,,vi4    ,,skeletons4      ,dur+
 ! busy collect+ season1 r\gh skeletons 
may be made by  remov+ sk91 visc]a1 & z 
mu* muscle z possible1 cov]+ !  body ) !
 ars5ic-alum p[d]1 & all[+ x to dry1 :5 
!  specim5 may be wrapp$ 9 pap] & laid  
away = future use4 ,to  prep>e skeletons
 = ! cab9et1 remove z mu* ( ! fle%y p>ts
  z possible1 & boil ! bones until !    
rema9+ fle% is s(t5$  & c be easily     
remov$4 ,!n boil 9 wat] 9 :i* a piece ( 
lime z l>ge z a h5's egg has be5        
dissolv$4 ,remove1 dry1 & if  necess>y  
wire4    ,ano!r way recomm5d$ is to     

remove all ! s(t p>ts1 & scald !  h>d   
p>ts 9 boil+ wat] conta9+ a few drops ( 
hydro*loric  acid4 ,leave ! bones 9 ?is 
solution = t5 m9utes1 wa%1 & boil  9    
pla9 wat] until all ! muscle1 etc41 is  
s(t5$4 ,clean ?is  away ) a bru% or by a
 /ream ( wat]4 ,boil 9 a /rong solution 
( soda1 wa% ) soap & wat]1 & :5 p]fectly
 clean1 dehydrate  ) boil+ alcohol      
7,junk]74 ,skeletons %\ld be m\nt$ on   
wires  fix$ 9 a wood5 /&>d pa9t$ black4 
,,*apt] ,,vii4    ,,hunt+ ,,& ,,hygi5e4 
,to be a good collector1 x is necess>y  
to be some?+ m ?an a  good m>ksman4 ,y  
mu/ "k at :at "t ( day to g out to be   
mo/  successful1 & ! localities :]e y   
are mo/ likely to f9d !  birds t y are  
look+ =4 ,9 ! field1 y mu/ be all eyes &
  e>s4 ,no ?icket %\ld be too d5se1 no  
tree too tall = y\r quick  eye to       
p5etrate its foliage2 no *irp or ru/le  
too small or weak =  y\r active e> to   
detect4 ,9 %ort1 to be a good collector 
y mu/  und]/& wood-craft4 ,sometimes a  
bird is se5 j disappe>+ into  !         

und]bru%4 ,a v good call1 :i* seldom    
fails 9 br++ !  bird f its retreat1 is  
made by plac+ ! back ( ! h& to !  lips &
 suck+4 ,by practice1 ?is may be made to
 resemble ! cries  ( a w\nd$ bird4 ,e>ly
 morn+ & j be=e sun-d[n h be5  f\nd to  
be ! be/ h\rs = collect+1 al?\gh some?+ 
may be  done at any "t ( day4 ,dur+ !   
noon h\rs1 birds g5]ally rema9  hidd5 9 
! cool dep?s ( ! ?ickets & woods4 ,birds
 are seldom  f\nd 9 ! deep =e/2 b1 at ! 
h\rs m5tion$1 trees & bu%es  skirt+     
roads1 fields & mead[s1 w be f\nd teem+ 
) life4      ,,! ,,gun4    ,! *oice ( a 
gun = collect+ purposes is1 ( c\rse1    
optional  ) ! read]2 b a good twelve or 
f\rte5 bore bree*-load+ %ot  gun w give 
bett] satisfaction ?an any o!r1 & w be  
wor? !  price ( ! gun 9 "t-sav+1 :5 9 ! 
field4 ,! pi/ol-guns1  introduc$ )9 !   
la/ few ye>s1 (t5 prove ( great s]vice 9
  collect+ small specim5s4      ,,load+4
    ,sev]al sizes ( %ot %\ld be tak5    
into ! field1 rang+ f  du/ or mu/>d se$1
 z x is sometimes call$1 to ,no4 #f or  

#h4 ,=  all small birds up to ! size ( a
 rob91 du/ %ot %\ld be  us$2 & ,i h ev5 
kill$ gr\se & plov] ) x1 al?\gh1  x mu/ 
be confess$1 at a v %ort range4 ,! l>g] 
sizes are  us$ = hawks & all l>ge birds4
 ,) sev]al sizes ( %ot1 y  c v>y y\r    
loads accord+ to ! bird t y are pursu+4 
,"h ! bree*-load+ gun is va/ly sup]ior  
to ! old-fa%ion$  muzzle-load]1 = x is b
 ! "w ( an in/ant to *ange f  l>ge to   
small1 or vice v]sa4 ,be c>eful n to    
load too heavily4  ,mo/ ( y\r birds w be
 kill$ )9 a few y>ds1 & x is  a/oni%+ h[
 little p[d] & h[ few %ot w produce !   
desir$  effect4      ,,c>ry+4    ,! mo/ 
conv5i5t & safe way to c>ry birds 9 !   
field1 is 9 a  common fi%-creel2 or 9 a 
basket :i* ,i devis$ & h us$ =  sev]al  
ye>s4 ,x is simply a long1 deep & n>r[  
basket1 c>ri$  on ! back by /raps :i*   
cross 9 front ( ! *e/4 ,at ! back  ( !  
basket1 outside1 is a nett+ = c>ry+     
pap]1 etc42 & on  ei!r side a pocket or 
p\* ( clo? = cotton1 etc4 ,= all birds  
"u ! size ( a cr[1 ?is basket is v      

conv5i5t4    ,be=e go+ out provide      
y\rself ) a numb] ( %eets ( /iff  pap]4 
,z soon z a bird is %ot1 fill ! m\?1    
anus1 & %ot-holes  ) cotton1 & drop !   
bird head =emo/1 ) bill po9t+  d[nw>ds1 
into a cornucopia ( ! pap]1 j ! size ( !
 bird's  body1 & fold ! edges ov] !     
tail1 tak+ c>e n to rumple or  break !  
tail fea!rs4 ,:5 birds are %ot1 !y d n  
always die at  once2 b !y may be put out
 ( mis]y by plac+ ! ?umb "u "o  w+1 & ! 
=ef+] "u ! o!r1 & squeez+4 ,aft] a      
second  or s1 ! bird w give a gasp &    
die4    ,?is _c be done 9 ! case ( l>ge 
birds4 ,to kill ^!1 ins]t a  ?9         
knife-blade betwe5 ! skull & la/        
v]tebra1 cutt+ ?r\gh  ! sp9al cord2 or  
break ! back by press+ ^u x ) ! knee4   
,,transport+4    ,sk9s may be ei!r pack$
 9 boxes1 betwe5 lay]s ( cotton1 or  !y 
may be pu%$ head fir/ into cyl9d]s (    
/iff pap] hav+ a  diamet] equal to !    
l>ge/ "p ( ! sk94      ,,collect+       
,,suit4    ,a s]viceable & com=table    
hunt+-suit may be made f any good  /rong

 /uff1 su* z corduroy1 etc4 ,! pants    
%\ld be made r  loose1 & h ! seams      
firmly sew$4 ,! coat %\ld be a m]e      
succession ( pockets1 & ( c\rse v loose4
 ,a s(t1 broad-brimm$  felt hat1 & a    
pair ( broad-sol$1 l[-heel$ %oes1 =     
ord9>y  we>2 or1 = %oot+ :]e ! c\ntry is
 wet & boggy1 a pair  ( high top boots  
may be sub/itut$4 ,?is w be f\nd to be !
  easie/1 mo/ durable & lea/ exp5sive   
outfit t c be made4      ,,eat+4    ,d n
 />t out 9 ! morn+ )\t hav+ fir/ p>tak5 
( a  lun*1 h[ev] slight1 z a prev5tive1 
if no?+ m2 = tramp+  on an empty /oma* w
 almo/ always upset "o = ! :ole day4    
,,at ,,home4    ,z soon z y return f y\r
 day's tramp1 a good wa%-up & a  *ange (
 clo!s w re/ y f> m ?an sitt+ d[n4      
,especially1  if y\r feet are wet1 lose 
no "t 9 *ang+ socks1 & all o!r  g>m5ts t
 are 9 ! lea/ damp4 ,by do+ ?is1 y w    
save  y\rself _m a sev]e cold1 & p]haps 
a fit ( sickness4      ,,poison+4    ,9 
case ( poison+ ) ! ars5ic1 :ile prep>+  
y\r sk9s1  ! advice ( ,dr4 ,c\es1 9 8   

,field ,orni?ology1 cov]s ! :ole        
treatm5t4 ,avoid1 he says1 all me*anical
 irritation ( ! inflam$  p>ts1 t\* !    
p>ts t h ulc]at$ ) a /ick ( lun>        
cau/ic2 take a dose ( salts2 use syrup (
 iodide ( iron1 or t9cture  ( *loride ( 
iron1 say ?irty drops 9 a w9e-glass (   
wat]1 ?rice  a day2 re/ at fir/2 ex]cise
 gradually z soon z y c be> x2  & sk9 no
 birds till y h completely recov]$4 ,if 
^! d n  cure1 m$ical advice %\ld be     
procur$4                                
,,h9ts ,,on                             
,,writ+ ,,& ,,spee*-,,mak+              
,,by                          ,,?omas   
,,w5twor? ,,higg9son1                   
,,au?or ,,(      ,,"y ,,folks' ,,hi/ory 
,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates1 ,,"y ,,folks'  
,,am]ican                               
,,explor]s1 ,,malbone1                  
,,outdoor ,,pap]s1 ,,oldport ,,days1    
,,army ,,life ,,9                ,a     
,,black ,,regim5t1 ,,atlantic ,,essays1 
,,etc4                                  
,price1 #ej c5ts4    ,s delicate & yet s

 /rong 9 ! /yle2 ,s apt1 yet s abundant 
8 illu/rations2 ,s fasc9at+ ! easy1     
poli%$ leisurely diction1  t ! lit]>y   
enjoym5t _c be impair$4 ,he has all !   
*>ms  ( ,montaigne )\t 8                
egotism4--,m9neapolis ,press4    ,!     
foll[+ f ! au?or's ,preface %[s !       
purpose ( ?is  volume3--    ,! fir/ ( ^!
 two *apt]s appe>$ long s9ce 9 !        
,atlantic  ,mon?ly1 & 0 aft]w>ds includ$
 9 ! au?or's volume entitl$  ',atlantic 
,essays4' ,tea*]s h sev]al times urg$ t 
x %\ld  be repr9t$ z a little manual (  
lit]>y composition2 & ,i h  inde$ se5 x 
us$ = t purpose 9 a college class-room4 
,n[ t  simil> sugge/ions are beg9n+ to  
come 9 respect+ ! o!r brief  essay1     
',h9ts on ,spee*-mak+1' x has seem$ well
 to pres5t ! two  toge!r 9 a small      
volume4 ,! la/-nam$ pap] appe>$ fir/ 9  
',h>p]'s ,magaz9e' & x is "h repr9t$ ) !
 cons5t ( !  publi%]s4                  
,,! ,,book ,,is ,,admirable4            
,,h&book                                
,,(                             ,,light 

,,gymna/ics4                            
,by ,,lucy ,b4 ,,hunt1    ,in/ructor 9  
,gymna/ics at ,smi? 7,female7 ,college1 
,nor?ampton1 ,mass4                     
,illu/rat$4 ,clo?1 #ej cts4    ,?is     
manual is admirably adapt$ = ! use (    
tea*]s & pupils  9 public & private     
s*ools1 & 9 sem9>ies & colleges1 z well 
z a guide to heal?-giv+ ex]cises 9 !    
homes1 especially =  girls4             
,well-arrang$ s]ies ( ex]cises are giv5 
9 free gymna/ics1  w& ex]cises1 r+      
ex]cises1 dumb-bells1 procession1       
mutual-help  ex]cises1 bean-bags1 m>*+1 
& a practical *apt] on dress  suitable =
 gymna/ic ex]cises to be tak5 94 ,all ^!
 ex]cises  h be5 c>efully select$ &     
?or\ghly te/$1 & c be safely  practis$  
by any p]son 9 ord9>y heal?4--,j\rnal ( 
,education4    ,tak+ ! sy/em ( ,dr4 ,dio
 ,lewis z a f\ndation1 ,miss ,hunt has1 
dur+ h] exp]i5ce z a tea*]1 tak5 f1 add$
 to1 & alt]$  v>i\s ex]cises1 until !   
c\rse1 s to speak1 has assum$ !  ord] n[
 pres5t$ 9 h] little book1 a c\rse :i*1 

if c>efully  foll[$1 w make ! maid5s (  
,am]ica bett] fitt$ to become its       
mo!rs4--,n4 ,y4 ,mail & ,express4    ,x 
is design$ z a guide to tea*]s ( girls1 
b x w be f\nd  ( use also to su* z wi%  
to practice ! ex]cises at home4--,n4 ,y4
  ,_w4    ,a volume s v dim9utive t "o c
 h>dly realize t x  conta9s ne>ly all t 
"o ne$s = ! tea*+ or practice (  light  
gymna/ics1 & ev5 m ?an ,dr4 ,lewis's    
clev] & amus+  volume4--,budget4    ,?is
 "w has _m advantages4 ,x is inexp5sive1
 x is conv5i5t1  x is cond5s$1 x is     
cle>4 ,x is c>eful to avoid any /ra9$1  
unnatural1 or ungraceful positions1 x   
does n attempt to make a  gospel (      
gymna/ics1 z "s fanatics h done4--,n4   
,y4 ,*ri/ian  ,advocate4    ,a useful   
little manual1 by a tea*] ( mu*         
exp]i5ce1 :o embodies  9 ?is little "w !
 be/ results ( h] k & practice  ( !     
mod]n sy/em ( gymna/ic ex]cises = girls'
 s*ools &  colleges2 & also = use at    
home4--,j5nie ,june4                    
,,! ,,fir/ ,,tea*] ,,= ,,little ,,folks4

                                        
,,ex]cises                     ,,= ,,!  
,,improvem5t ,,( ,,! ,,s5ses            
,,= ,,"y ,,*ildr54                      
,by ,,horace ,,grant1                   
,au?or ( ,ari?metic = ,"y ,*ildr54      
,edit$ by ,will>d ,small4               
,clo?4 ,price1 #ej c5ts4      ,= !      
purpose ( produc+ in/ruction & amusem5t 
= "y  *ildr51 too "y to read or write1  
?is little "w has be5  prep>$4 ,!       
special object is to excite little      
*ildr5 to exam9e  surr\nd+ objects      
correctly1 s t valuable k may be        
acquir$1 :ile ! att5tion1 memory1       
judgm5t1 & inv5tion are duly  ex]cis$4  
,9 ex]cises su* z ^? :i* compose ?is    
book1 ! mo/ favorable  circum/ances may 
be seiz$ z !y arise1 & w !re=e produce  
an extraord9>y effect4 ,:]ev] we are1 9 
a room1 g>d51 field1  or road1 9 ! morn+
 or ev5+1 w9t] or summ]1 action or  re/1
 some?+ int]e/+ may be extract$2 = at ! 
mom5t :5  ! att5tion is w>mly excit$1 an
 ev5t may be turn$ to ! be/  acc\nt4 ,! 

valuable habits acquir$ by means (      
famili> objects &  petty ev5ts may      
gradually be ext5d$ to ! mo/ important  
subjects4                               
,,ari?metic ,,= ,,"y ,,*ildr5    ,be+ a 
s]ies ( ,ex]cises exemplify+ ! mann] 9  
:i* ,ari?metic                    %\ld  
be taught to "y *ildr5                  
,by ,,horace ,,grant4                   
,am]ican ,edition1 ,edit$ by ,,will>d   
,,small4                                
,price #ej c5ts4    ,consi/s ( a s]ies (
 ex]cises illu/rative ( ! mann] 9 :i*  !
 fir/ /eps 9 numb]s %\ld be taught to "y
 *ildr54 ,we  pron\nce x fir/-rate4 ,!  
prim>y tea*] w f9d x a great aid  9 h]  
"w4 ,x is rational & consi/5t4 ,! v>iety
 ( /yle &  me?od us$ l5d fre% int]e/ at 
e /ep4--,educational ,weekly4    ,! =ms 
( expression us$ & ! copi\sness (       
illu/rations are  v f> 9 advance ( !    
common /yle ( tea*+ ?is sci5ce to  "y   
*ildr54    ,x is ?or\ghly rational &    
prep>es ! way = a m sy/ematic  /udy (   
numb]s z ! *ild becomes m mature4 ,! "y 

pupil  is taught to ?9k & speak 9 numb]s
 9 ! fir/ /age &  subsequ5tly unites ) x
 ! art ( writ+ numb]s4 ,x is correct  9 
!ory & apt = practice4--,n4 ,e4 ,j\rnal 
( ,education4                           
,,! ,,celebrat$ ,,julius ,c,,s>         
,,debate4                            ,,!
 ,,debat]',s ,,h&book4      includ+ a   
,debate on ! ,"* ( ,julius ,cs>1 adapt$ 
= ,j4 ,,%]idan ,,kn[les1 au?or ( ,!     
,hun*back1 ,william      ,tell1 & o!r   
fam\s plays1 design$ = practical        
,ex]cises      9 ,declamation1 & z a    
,model = ,debat+ ,clubs2 also =         
,classes 9 ,public & ,private ,s*ools1 )
 directions =      =m+ & conduct+ debat+
 clubs & societies1 rules (      debate1
 li/ ( subjects & ref]5ces1 etc4        
,clo?1 #ej c5ts4 ,bo>ds1 #ej c5ts4      
,pap]1 #cj c5ts4    ,! cont5ts ( ?is    
volume1 beside ! celebrat$ ,debate1     
conta9s  ,rules = ,debate1 ) directions 
& sugge/ions1 #ajj select$  que/ions =  
debate1 ) ref]5ce li/s1 etc4 ,( !       
,julius ,cs>  ,debate x has be5 said1 ,x

 is d\btful :e!r ! ,engli% language  c  
furni% any matt] m appropriate = !      
application ( !  pr9ciples ( elocution1 
or bett] adapt$ to use z a practical    
ex]cise 9 declamation4      ,! au?or    
well des]v$ ! /atue :i* /&s 9 front ( ! 
,massa*usetts ,/ate ,h\se4              
,a ,,few ,,?\ghts ,,= ,a ,,"y ,,man4    
,by ,,horace ,,mann4                    
,clo?1 #ej c5ts4    ,9 #ahdi1 ,horace   
,mann1 "o ( ! mo/ skilful & sympa!tic   
educators  kn[n to ?is c\ntry1 deliv]$ a
 lecture be=e ! ,m]cantile              
,association1 ,bo/on1 *oos+ = 8 !me3    
,?\ghts = a ,"y  ,man4 ,s k9d1 fa!rly1  
wise1 & sagaci\s 7 ! c\nsels to "y  m5  
embodi$ 9 ?is lecture1 t its publication
 0 imm$iately  s\ght =2 & ! "w enjoy$ a 
wide popul> circulation4 ,sundry        
editions h be5 r$em&$2 & x n[ appe>s f !
 publi%+  h\se ( ,lee  ,%ep>d1 ,bo/on4  
,! book is e>ne/ly comm5d$ to  "y m5 =  
its sob] recall f ! deceptive glitt] (  
mat]ial  ?+s1 its l(ty inculcations &   
its :olesome precepts4 ,! au?or  well   

des]v$ ! /atue :i* /&s 9 front ( !      
,massa*usetts  ,/ate ,h\se4--,new>k     
,adv]tis]4                              
,h&book ( ,punctuation4                 
,punctuation & ,o!r ,typographical      
,matt]s4        ,= ! use ( ,pr9t]s1     
,au?ors1 ,tea*]s1 & ,s*ol>s4      ,by   
,,m>%all ,t4 ,,bigel[1 ,corrector at !  
,univ]sity ,press1      ,cambridge4     
,small #dto4 ,,clo?1 #ej ,,c5ts4        
,l5ox ,libr>y1 ,new ,york1 ,aug4 #ai1   
#ahha4    ,,de> ,,mr4 ,,bigel[1--,i s5t 
= y\r ,punctuation & o!r ,typographical 
,matt]s 7hav+ long groan$ ov] bad po9t+ 
9 au?ors &  pr9t]s71 & 0 glad to f9d an 
excell5t manual :i* w  contribute to !  
com=t ( _m4 ,i cordially recomm5d x to  
all  au?ors1 pr9t]s1 & m5 ( lett]s4     
,fai?fully y\rs1    ,allibone's         
,diction>y ( ,au?ors4               ,i4 
,,au/9 ,,allibone4    ,mr4 ,bigel['s    
book is a practical treatm5t ( !        
subject1 &  enl>ges ! read+ public's    
obligations to him4--,atlantic ,mon?ly4 
,x is int5d$ = ! use ( au?ors & tea*]s1 

:ile bus9ess m5  :o h occasion to pr9t  
circul>s1 adv]tisem5ts1 etc41 c h>dly   
af=d to be )\t a copy ( x =             
ref]5ce4--,s*5ectady ,daily  ,union4    
,mi/akes 9 ,writ+ ,engli%1 & ,h[ to     
,avoid ,!m4      ,= ! ,use ( all :o     
,tea*1 ,write1 or ,speak ! ,language4   
,by ,,m>%all ,t4 ,,bigel[1 au?or (      
,punctuation & o!r      ,typographical  
,matt]s4 ,,clo?1 #ej ,,c5ts4    ,?is is 
an admirable little "w2 ! m admirable = 
! use  ( busy p1 because x is little1   
s9ce x is also cle> &  compreh5sive4 ,! 
errors po9t$ out are ^? to :i* ne>ly all
  writ]s are liable4444 ,we comm5d x z !
 mo/ conv5i5t little  manual ( :i* we h 
k4--,*ri/ian ,h]ald4    ,?is is a       
valuable little volume4 ,x is n a       
gramm>1 ) rules &  def9itions2 b x takes
 up words & p>ts ( spee*1 & %[s1        
g5]ally by example1 _! correct use4 ,x  
is arrang$ sy/ematically1  & is adapt$  
to ! use ( ! home & ! s*ool4--,!        
,curr5t4    ,! matt] is well arrang$1 & 
! po9ts ^u :i* in/ruction is  desir$ c  

be readily f\nd4--,*ri/ian ,union4      
,?is is a useful book4 ,a c>eful /udy ( 
! sev]al *apt]s w\ld  be ( great        
advantage to all :o h to d mu* or little
 speak+ or  writ+4--,gospel ,bann]4     
,,! ,,"r ,,^w ,,9 ,,! ,,"r ,,place4     
,,campbell',s                           
,,h&book ,,( ,,engli% ,,synonyms        
,,) ,,an ,,app5dix1                     
,,%[+                     ,,! ,,correct 
,,uses ,,( ,,prepositions4              
#afj pages4 ,neat clo? b9d+1 #ej cts4   
,?is compact little volume conta9s ab\t 
#dj1jjj synonym\s words1  pr9t$ 9 cle>1 
di/9ct type4    ,x is a "w :i* w        
sub/antially aid speak]s1 writ]s1 tea*]s
  & /ud5ts--9 fact all :o w\ld ga9 a m  
copi\s vocabul>y &  increase _! p[] (   
expression4    ,x includes ! really     
important matt] ( ! m bulky volumes :i* 
are commonly sold = two doll>s or m4    
,a great *oice ( words is "h plac$ at ! 
s]vice ( ! writ] &  ! speak]4    ,!     
,app5dix1 conta9+ ,prepositions ,comp>$ 
& ,discrim9at$1  & ,a ,li/ %[+ :at      

,prepositions to use aft] c]ta9 ,words1 
is  a tru/wor?y guide 9 a great numb] ( 
cases ( d\btful usage4 ,a  writ]'s k (  
,engli% idiom & 8 /yle are be/ %[n by 8 
use ( ^! little h+es ( ! language4      
,,lee ,,& ,,%ep>d',s ,,popul> ,,h&books 
,price1 ea*1 9 clo?1 #ej c5ts1 except :5
 o!r price is giv54      ,=gott5        
,mean+s2 or an ,h\r ) a ,diction>y4 ,by 
,,alfr$      ,,waites1 au?or (          
,hi/orical ,/ud5t's ,manual4            
,h&book ( ,elocution ,simplifi$4 ,by    
,,walt] ,k4 ,,fobes1 ) an               
,introduction by ,,george ,m4 ,,bak]4   
,h&book ( ,engli% ,synonyms4 ,) an      
,app5dix1 %[+ !      ,correct ,use (    
,prepositions2 also a ,collection (     
,=eign      ,phrases4 ,by ,,loomis ,j4  
,,campbell4      ,h&book ( ,conv]sation4
 ,its ,faults & its ,graces4 ,compil$   
by ,,&rew ,p4 ,,peabody1 ,d4,d41        
,,ll4,d4 ,compris+ 7#a7 ,dr4 ,,peabody's
      ,address2 7#b7 ,mr4 ,,tr5*'s      
,lecture2 7#c7 ,mr4 ,,p>ry ,,gwynne's   
,a ,^w to ! ,wise2 or1 ,h9ts on !       

,curr5t ,improprieties      (           
,expression 9 ,read+ & ,writ+2 7#d7     
,mi/akes &      ,improprieties ( ,speak+
 & ,writ+ ,correct$4      ,h&book (     
,punctuation & o!r ,typographical       
,matt]s4      ,= ! ,use ( ,pr9t]s1      
,au?ors1 ,tea*]s1 & ,s*ol>s4      ,by   
,,m>%all ,t4 ,,bigel[1 ,corrector at !  
,univ]sity ,press1      ,cambridge1     
,mass4      ,h&book ( ,blund]s4 ,design$
 to prev5t #a1jjj common blund]s      9 
writ+ & speak+4 ,by ,,h>lan ,h4         
,,ball>d1 ,a4,m41 ,pr9cipal      ( ,l5ox
 ,academy1 ,l5ox1 ,mass4      ,brok5    
,engli%4 ,a ,fr5*man's ,/ruggle 9 !     
,engli% ,language4      ,in/ructive z a 
h&book ( ,fr5* conv]sation4 ,by         
,pr(essor      ,e4 ,c4 ,,dubois4        
,beg9n+s ) ! ,microscope4 ,a work+      
h&book conta9+      simple in/ructions 9
 ! art & me?od ( us+ !      microscope1 
& prep>+ articles = exam9ation4 ,by     
,,walt]      ,p4 ,,manton4      ,field  
,botany4 ,a ,h&book = ! ,collector4     
,conta9+      in/ructions = ga!r+ &     

pres]v+ ,plants1 & !      =mation ( an  
,h]b>ium4 ,also complete in/ructions 9  
,leaf      ,photography1 ,plant ,pr9t+1 
& ! ,skeletoniz+ ( ,leaves4      ,by    
,,walt] ,p4 ,,manton4      ,taxid]my )\t
 a ,tea*]4 ,compris+ a complete manual (
      in/ructions = ,prep>+ & ,pres]v+  
,birds1 ,animals1 &      ,fi%es1 ) a    
*apt] on ,hunt+ & ,hygi5e2 toge!r )     
in/ructions = ,pres]v+ ,eggs1 & ,mak+   
,skeletons1 & a      numb] ( valuable   
recipes4 ,by ,,walt] ,p4 ,,manton4      
,insects4 ,h[ to ,cat* & h[ to ,prep>e  
!m = ! ,cab9et4      ,a ,manual (       
,in/ruction = ! ,field-,naturali/4 ,by  
,w4 ,p4      ,,manton4      ,:at is to  
be ,done8 ,a ,h&book = ! ,nurs]y1 )     
,useful      ,h9ts = ,*ildr5 & ,adults4 
,by ,,rob]t ,b4 ,,dixon1 ,m4,d4         
,:irlw9ds1 ,cyclones1 & ,tornadoes4 ,by 
,,william ,,morris ,,davis1             
,in/ructor 9 ,h>v>d ,college4           
,illu/rat$4      ,mi/akes 9 ,writ+      
,engli%1 & ,h[ to ,avoid ,!m4 ,= ! use  
( all :o ,tea*1 ,write1 or ,speak !     

language4 ,by ,,m>%all ,t4              
,,bigel[4      ,sold by all booksell]s1 
& s5t by mail1 po/paid1 on receipt (    
price4                       ,,lee ,,&  
,,%ep>d ,publi%]s ,bo/on          ,,lee 
,,& ,,%ep>d',s ,,popul> ,,h&books       
,price1 ea*1 9 clo?1 #ej c5ts1 except :5
 o!r price is giv54      ,ex]cises = !  
,improvem5t ( ! ,s5ses4 ,= ,"y          
,*ildr54 ,by ,,horace ,,grant1 au?or (  
,ari?metic = ,"y      ,*ildr54 ,edit$ by
 ,,will>d ,,small4      ,h9ts on        
,language 9 connection ) ,sight-,read+ &
 ,writ+      9 ,prim>y & ,int]m$iate    
,s*ools4 ,by ,s4 ,,ar?ur ,,b5t1 ,a4,m41 
,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,s*ools1 ,cl9ton1 
,mass4      ,! ,hunt]'s ,h&book4        
,conta9+ li/s ( provisions & camp       
p>aph]nalia1 & h9ts on ! fire1 cook+    
ut5sils1 etc42      ) approv$ receipts =
 camp-cook]y4 ,by ,,an ,,old ,,hunt]4   
,univ]sal ,phonography2 or1 ,%or?& by ! 
,all5 ,me?od4 ,a      self-in/ructor4   
,by ,g4 ,g4 ,,all54      ,h9ts & ,helps 
= ^? :o ,write1 ,pr9t1 or ,read4 ,by ,b4

      ,,drew1 pro(-read]4      ,pron\nc+
 ,h&book ( ,?ree ,?\s& ,words (t5       
,mispron\nc$4 ,by ,r4 ,,s\le & ,l4 ,j4  
,,campbell4      ,%ort ,/udies (        
,am]ican ,au?ors4 ,by ,,?omas ,,w5twor? 
,,higg9son4      ,! ,/>s & ! ,e>?2 or1  
,?\ghts ^u ,space1 ,"t1 &      ,et]nity4
 ,) an introduction by ,,?omas ,,hill1  
,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4      ,h&book ( ! ,e>?4 
,natural ,me?ods 9 ,geography4 ,by      
,,l\isa      ,,p>sons ,,hopk9s1 tea*] ( 
,normal ,me?ods 9 ! ,swa9 ,free         
,s*ool1 ,new ,b$=d4                     
,natural-,hi/ory ,plays4 ,dialogues &   
,recitations = ,s*ool      ,exhibitions4
 ,by ,,l\isa ,p4 ,,hopk9s4      ,!      
,telephone4 ,an acc\nt ( ! ph5om5a (    
,electricity1      ,magnetism1 & ,s\nd1 
) directions = mak+ a                   
speak+-telephone4 ,by ,pr(essor ,a4 ,e4 
,,dolbe>4      ,lessons on ,mann]s4 ,by 
,,edi? ,e4 ,,wigg94      ,wat]          
,analysis4 ,a ,h&book = ,wat]-,dr9k]s4  
,by ,g4 ,l4 ,,au/91      ,m4,d4         
,h&book ( ,light ,gymna/ics4 ,by ,,lucy 

,b4 ,,hunt1 in/ructor 9      gymna/ics  
at ,smi? 7female7 ,college1 ,nor?ampton1
 ,mass4      ,! ,p>lor ,g>d5]4 ,a       
,treatise on ! ,h\se-,culture (         
,ornam5tal ,plants4 ,by ,,cornelia ,j4  
,,r&olph4 ,) illu/rations4      ,sold by
 all booksell]s1 & s5t by mail1 po/paid1
 on receipt (  price4                   
,,lee ,,& ,,%ep>d ,publi%]s ,bo/on      
,,lee ,,& ,,%ep>d',s ,,popul> ,,h&books 
,price1 ea*1 9 clo?1 #ej c5ts1 except :5
 o!r price is giv54      ,w>r+ton's     
,manual4 ,a ,manual = ! ,in=mation (    
,(fic]s      & ,memb]s ( ,legislatures1 
,conv5tions1 ,societies1 etc41 9      ! 
practical gov]n+ & memb]%ip ( all su*   
bodies1      accord+ to ! ,p>liam5t>y   
,law & ,practice 9 ! ,unit$      ,/ates4
 ,by ,w4 ,s4 ,,rob9son 7,w>r+ton74      
,practical ,boat-,sail+4 ,by ,,d\glas   
,,fraz>4 ,classic size1 #a4jj4      ,)  
num]\s diagrams & illu/rations4         
,h&book ( ,wood ,engrav+4 ,) practical  
in/ructions 9 !      art1 = p]sons wi%+ 
to le>n )\t an in/ructor4 ,by           

,,william ,a4 ,,em]son4 ,illu/rat$4     
,price #a4jj4      ,five-,m9ute         
,recitations4 ,select$ & arrang$ by     
,,walt] ,k4      ,,fobes4               
,five-,m9ute ,declamations4 ,select$ &  
arrang$ by ,,walt] ,k4      ,,fobes4    
,five-,m9ute ,read+s = ,"y ,ladies4     
,select$ & adapt$ by      ,,walt] ,k4   
,,fobes4      ,educational ,psy*ology4  
,a ,treatise = ,p>5ts & ,educators4     
,by ,,l\ise ,,p>sons ,,hopk9s1          
,sup]visor 9 ,bo/on ,public ,s*ools4    
,! ,nation 9 a ,nut%ell4 ,a ,rapid      
,outl9e ( ,am]ican ,hi/ory4      ,by    
,,george ,,makepeace ,,t[le4            
,engli% ,synonymes ,discrim9at$4 ,by    
,,ri*>d ,,:ately1 ,d4,d41      ,ar*bi%op
 ( ,dubl94 ,a new edition4      ,h9ts on
 ,writ+ & ,spee*-mak+4 ,by ,,?omas      
,,w5twor?      ,,higg9son4              
,ari?metic = ,"y ,*ildr54 ,be+ a s]ies (
 ,ex]cises      exemplify+ ! mann] 9 :i*
 ,ari?metic %\ld be taught to      "y   
*ildr54 ,by ,,horace ,,grant4 ,am]ican  
,edition4 ,edit$ by      ,,will>d       

,,small4      ,bridge ,disa/]s 9        
,am]ica4 ,! ,cause & ! ,rem$y4 ,by ,pr(4
      ,,george ,l4 ,,vose4      ,a ,few 
,?\ghts = a ,"y ,man4 ,by ,,horace      
,,mann4 ,a new ,edition4      ,h&book ( 
,debate4 ,! ,"* ( ,julius ,cs>4 ,adapt$ 
f      ,j4 ,,%]idan ,,kn[les4 ,arrang$ =
 ,practice 9 ,speak+1 =      ,debat+    
,clubs1 & ,classes 9 ,public & ,private 
,s*ools4      ,sold by all booksell]s1 &
 s5t by mail1 po/paid1 on receipt (     
price4                       ,,lee ,,&  
,,%ep>d ,publi%]s ,bo/on                
,,! ,,fobes ,,elocution>y ,,h&books4    
,,five-,,m9ute ,,declamations           
,,= ,,s*ool ,,& ,,college               
,,clo?1 #ej ,,c5ts4                     
,,five-,,m9ute ,,recitations            
,,= ,,s*ool ,,& ,,college               
,,clo?1 #ej ,,c5ts4                     
,,five-,,m9ute ,,read+s                 
,,clo?1 #ej ,,c5ts4    ,pupils 9 public 
s*ools on declamation days are limit$ to
 five  m9utes ea* = ! deliv]y ( pieces4 
,!re is a great compla9t  ( ! sc>city ( 

mat]ial = su* a purpose1 :ile !         
injudici\s  prun+ ( eloqu5t extracts has
 (t5 m>r$ ! desir$ effects4  ,to obviate
 ^! difficulties1 ^! books h be5 prep>$ 
by a  compet5t tea*]4                   
,,elocution ,,simplifi$                 
,) an ,introduction by ,george ,m4      
,bak]4                                  
,,clo?1 #ej ,,c5ts4    ,! ,manual is    
divid$ into f\r p>ts4 ,"p ,fir/         
describes a s]ies  ( gymna/ics to give  
/r5g? & ela/icity to ! muscles us$  9   
speak+4 ,"p ,second is a sy/em ( vocal  
ex]cises = daily  practice4 ,"p ,?ird1 !
 application ( ! vocal ex]cises to !    
read+ ( %ort extracts1 %[+ ! effect :5  
?us appli$4 ,"p  ,f\r? is a *apt] giv+  
g5]al h9ts on elocution1 & %[+ h[       
easily defects 9 spee* may be cur$4     
,) or )\t an in/ructor1 ?is ,manual is j
 :at ! /ud5t is  9 great ne$ (1 & he c  
supply t ne$ by a /udy ( ',elocution    
,simplifi$4'--,! ,d>tm\?1 ,hanov]1      
,n4,h4      ,sold by all ,booksell]s1 or
 s5t by mail1 prepaid1 on receipt (     

price4    ,,lee ,,& ,,%ep>d1 ,publi%]s  
,bo/on4          ,transcrib]'s note3    
,! foll[+ alt]ations h be5 made3        
p4#dd3 ,errone\s full-/op remov$4       
,orig9al read3 ,snakes1 frogs1          
etc44 may be op5$    p4#eg3 ,quotation  
m>k add$4 ,orig9al read3 ,oldport ,days1
 ,army      ,life 9 a ,black ,regim5t1  
p4#eg3 ,correct$ ^w 'simil>'4 ,orig9al  
read3 ,n[ t      simili> sugge/ions     
p4#eg3 ,correct$ comma to full-/op4     
,orig9al read3 two toge!r      9 a small
 volume1 ,! la/-nam$ pap]