,,fri$ri* ,,nietzs*e ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,trag$y ,,or ,,hell5ism ,,& ,,pessimism ,,translat$ ,,by ,,wm4 ,a4 ,,haussmann1 ,,ph4,d4 ,! ,complete ,works ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e ,! ,fir/ ,complete & ,au?oris$ ,engli% ,translation ,edit$ by ,dr ,osc> ,levy ,volume ,"o ,t4,n4 ,,f\lis #ac #ae ,,fr$]ick ,,/reet ,,ed9burgh3 ,,& ,,london #aiaj ,,cont5ts4 ,,biographical ,,introduction ,,an ,,attempt ,,at ,,self-,,criticism ,,=eword ,,to ,,ri*>d ,,wagn] ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,trag$y ,,introduction4#a ,fr$]ick ,nietzs*e 0 born at ,rck5 ne> ,ltz51 9 ! ,prussian prov9ce ( ,saxony1 on ! #ae? ( ,octob] #ahdd1 at #aj a4m4 ,! day happ5$ to be ! anniv]s>y ( ! bir? ( ,fr$]ick-,william ,,iv41 !n ,k+ ( ,prussia1 & ! peal ( ! local *ur*-bells :i* 0 int5d$ to celebrate ?is ev5t1 01 by a happy co9cid5ce1 j tim$ to greet my bro!r on 8 entrance into ! _w4 ,9 #ahda1 at ! "t :5 our fa!r 0 tutor to ! ,alt5burg ,pr9cesses1 ,!resa ( ,saxe-,alt5burg1 ,elizabe?1 ,gr& ,du*ess ( ,old5-burg1 & ,alex&ra1 ,gr& ,du*ess ,con/ant9e ( ,russia1 he _h _h ! hon\r ( be+ pres5t$ to 8 witty & pi\s sov]eign4 ,! meet+ seems to h impress$ bo? p>ties v fav\rably2 =1 v %ortly aft] x _h tak5 place1 our fa!r receiv$ 8 liv+ at ,rck5 by supreme comm&4 ,8 joy may well be imag9$1 !re=e1 :5 a fir/ son 0 born to him on 8 belov$ & augu/ patron's bir?day1 & at ! *ri/5+ c]emony he spoke z foll[s3--,?\ bless$ mon? ( ,octob]6--= _m ye>s ! mo/ decisive ev5ts 9 my life h occurr$ )9 ?y ?irty-"o days1 & n[ ,i celebrate ! greate/ & mo/ glori\s ( !m all by baptis+ my little boy6 ,o blissful mom5t6 ,o exquisite fe/ival6 ,o unspeakably holy duty6 ,9 ! ,"l's "n ,i bless !e6--,) all my he>t ,i utt] ^! words3 ,br+ me ?is1 my belov$ *ild1 t ,i may consecrate x unto ! ,"l4 ,my son1 ,fr$]ick ,william1 ?us %alt ?\ be nam$ on e>?1 z a mem5to ( my royal b5efactor on ^: bir?day ?\ wa/ born6 ,our fa!r 0 ?irty-"o ye>s ( age1 & our "m n q n9ete51 :5 my bro!r 0 born4 ,our "m1 :o 0 ! daught] ( a cl]gyman1 0 good-look+ & heal?y1 & 0 "o ( a v l>ge family ( sons & daught]s4 ,our pat]nal gr&p>5ts1 ! ,rev4 ,oehl] & 8 wife1 9 ,pobles1 7 typically heal?y p4 ,/r5g?1 robu/ness1 lively dispositions1 & a *e]ful outlook on life1 7 among ! qualities :i* e "o 0 pleas$ to obs]ve 9 !m4 ,our gr&fa!r ,oehl] 0 a bright1 clev] man1 & q ! old /yle ( com=table c\ntry p>son1 :o ?\ght x no s9 to g hunt+4 ,he sc>cely _h a day's illness 9 8 life1 & w\ld c]ta9ly n h met ) 8 end z e>ly z he did--t is to say1 be=e 8 sev5tie? ye>--if 8 c>eless disreg>d ( all caution1 :]e 8 heal? 0 conc]n$1 _h n l$ to 8 cat*+ a sev]e & fatal cold4 ,9 reg>d to our gr&-"m ,oehl]1 :o di$ 9 h] eighty-second ye>1 all t c be said is1 t if all ,g]man wom5 7 possess$ ( ! heal? %e enjoy$1 ! ,g]man nation w\ld excel all o!rs f ! /&po9t ( vitality4 ,%e bore our gr&fa!r elev5 *ildr52 gave ea* ( !m ! brea/ = ne>ly ! :ole ( its fir/ ye>1 & re>$ !m all ,x is said t ! sight ( ^! elev5 *ildr51 at ages v>y+ f n9ete5 ye>s to "o mon?1 ) _! p[]ful build1 rosy *eeks1 beam+ eyes1 & weal? ( curly locks1 provok$ ! admiration ( all visitors4 ,( c\rse1 despite _! extraord9>ily good heal?1 ! life ( ?is family 0 n by any means all sun%9e4 ,ea* ( ! *ildr5 0 v spirit$1 wilful1 & ob/9ate1 & x 0 !re=e no simple matt] to keep !m 9 ord]4 ,moreov]1 ?\gh !y always %[$ ! utmo/ respect & mo/ implicit ob$i5ce to _! p>5ts--ev5 z middle-ag$ m5 & wom5--misund]/&+s betwe5 !mselves 7 ( con/ant occurr5ce4 ,our ,oehl] gr&p>5ts 7 fairly well-to-d2 = our gr&mo!r hail$ f a v old family1 :o _h be5 ext5sive l&-own]s 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,zeitz = c5turies1 & h] fa!r own$ ! b>onial e/ate ( ,wehlitz & a magnific5t seat ne> ,zeitz 9 ,pa*t4 ,:5 %e m>ri$1 h] fa!r gave h] c>riages & horses1 a coa*man1 a cook1 & a kit*5maid1 :i* = ! wife ( a ,g]man m9i/] 0 !n1 & is /ill1 some?+ q exceptional4 ,z a result ( ! w>s 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 our great-gr&fa!r lo/ ! great] "p ( 8 prop]ty4 ,our fa!r's family 0 also 9 fairly com=table circum/ances1 & likewise v l>ge4 ,our gr&fa!r ,dr4 ,nietzs*e 7,d4,d4 & ,sup]9t5d5t7 m>ri$ twice1 & _h 9 all twelve *ildr51 ( :om ?ree di$ "y4 ,our gr&fa!r on ?is side1 :om ,i nev] knew1 mu/ c]ta9ly h be5 a di/+ui%$1 dignifi$1 v le>n$ & res]v$ man2 8 second wife--our belov$ gr&mo!r--0 an active-m9d$1 intellig5t1 & exceptionally good-natur$ woman4 ,! :ole ( our fa!r's family1 :i* ,i only got to "k :5 !y 7 v advanc$ 9 ye>s1 7 rem>kable = _! great p[] ( self-control1 _! lively int]e/ 9 intellectual matt]s1 & a /rong s5se ( family unity1 :i* manife/$ itself bo? 9 _! spl5did read9ess to help "o ano!r & 9 _! v excell5t relations ) ea* o!r4 ,our fa!r 0 ! y\nge/ son1 &1 ?anks to 8 uncommonly lovable disposition1 toge!r ) o!r gifts1 :i* only t5d$ to become m m>k$ z he grew old]1 he 0 q ! fav\rite ( ! family4 ,bless$ ) a ?or\ghly s\nd con/itution1 z all av]r$ :o knew him at ! conv5t-s*ool 9 ,rossleb51 at ! ,univ]sity1 or lat] at ! ducal c\rt ( ,alt5burg1 he 0 tall & sl5d]1 possess$ an und\bt$ gift = poetry & real musical tal5t1 & 0 moreov] a man ( delicate s5sibilities1 full ( consid]ation = 8 :ole family1 & di/+ui%$ 9 8 mann]s4 ,my bro!r (t5 ref]s to 8 ,poli% desc5t1 & 9 lat] ye>s he ev5 in/itut$ rese>*-"w ) ! view ( e/abli%+ x1 :i* met ) p>tial success4 ,i "k no?+ def9ite conc]n+ ^! inve/igations1 because a l>ge numb] ( valuable docum5ts 7 un=tunately de/roy$ aft] 8 breakd[n 9 ,tur94 ,! family tradition 0 t a c]ta9 ,poli% nobleman ,nicki 7pron\nc$ ,nietzky7 _h obta9$ ! special fav\r ( ,augu/us ! ,/rong1 ,k+ ( ,pol&1 & _h receiv$ ! rank ( ,e>l f him4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ,/anislas ,leszcysski ! ,pole became k+1 our suppos$ ance/or became involv$ 9 a conspiracy 9 fav\r ( ! ,saxons & ,prote/ants4 ,he 0 s5t5c$ to dea?2 b1 tak+ flight1 accord+ to ! evid5ce ( ! docum5ts1 he 0 ultimately befri5d$ by a c]ta9 ,e>l ( ,brhl1 :o gave him a small po/ 9 an obscure little prov9cial t[n4 ,occasionally our ag$ aunts w\ld speak ( our great-gr&fa!r ,nietzs*e1 :o 0 said to h di$ 9 8 n9ety-fir/ ye>1 & words always seem$ to fail !m :5 !y attempt$ to describe 8 h&some appe>ance1 good bre$+1 & vig\r4 ,our ance/ors1 bo? on ! ,nietzs*e & ! ,oehl] side1 7 v long-liv$4 ,( ! f\r pairs ( great-gr&p>5ts1 "o great-gr&fa!r rea*$ ! age ( n9ety1 five great-gr&mo!rs &-fa!rs di$ betwe5 eighty-two & eighty-six ye>s ( age1 & two only fail$ to rea* _! sev5tie? ye>4 ,! sorr[ :i* hung z a cl\d ov] our bran* ( ! family 0 our fa!r's dea?1 z ! result ( a heavy fall1 at ! age ( ?irty-eight4 ,"o night1 ^u leav+ "s fri5ds :om he _h accompani$ home1 he 0 met at ! door ( ! vic>age by our little dog4 ,! little animal mu/ h got betwe5 8 feet1 = he /umbl$ & fell backw>ds d[n sev5 /one /eps on to ! pav+-/ones ( ! vic>age c\rty>d4 ,z a result ( ?is fall1 he 0 laid up ) concussion ( ! bra91 &1 aft] a l+]+ illness1 :i* la/$ elev5 mon?s1 he di$ on ! #cj? ( ,july #ahdi4 ,! e>ly dea? ( our belov$ & highly-gift$ fa!r spread gloom ov] ! :ole ( our *ildhood4 ,9 #ahej our "m )drew ) u to ,naumburg on ! ,saale1 :]e %e took up h] abode ) our wid[$ gr&mo!r ,nietzs*e2 & !re %e br\ght u up ) ,sp>tan sev]ity & simplicity1 :i*1 besides be+ typical ( ! p]iod1 0 q de rigeur 9 h] family4 ,( c\rse1 ,gr&-mamma ,nietzs*e help$ some:at to temp] h] daught]-9-law's sev]ity1 & 9 ?is respect our ,oehl] gr&p>5ts1 :o 7 less rigor\s ) u1 _! elde/ gr&*ildr51 ?an ) _! own *ildr51 7 also v influ5tial4 ,gr&fa!r ,oehl] 0 ! fir/ :o seems to h recognis$ ! extraord9>y tal5ts ( 8 elde/ gr&*ild4 ,f 8 e>lie/ *ildhood upw>ds1 my bro!r 0 always /rong & heal?y2 he (t5 decl>$ t he mu/ h be5 tak5 = a peasant-boy ?r\gh\t 8 *ildhood & y\?1 z he 0 s plump1 br[n1 & rosy4 ,! ?ick fair hair :i* fell picturesquely ov] 8 %\ld]s t5d$ some:at to modify 8 robu/ appe>ance4 ,_h he n possess$ ^? wond]fully beautiful1 l>ge1 & expressive eyes1 h[ev]1 & _h he n be5 s v c]emoni\s 9 8 mann]1 nei!r 8 tea*]s nor 8 relatives w\ld ev] h notic$ any?+ at all rem>kable ab\t ! boy2 = he 0 bo? mode/ & res]v$4 ,he receiv$ 8 e>ly s*ool+ at a prep>atory s*ool1 & lat] at a gramm> s*ool 9 ,naumburg4 ,9 ! autumn ( #aheh1 :5 he 0 f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 he ent]$ ! ,p=ta s*ool1 s fam\s = ! s*ol>s x has produc$4 ,!re1 too1 v sev]e discipl9e prevail$1 & mu* 0 exact$ f ! pupils1 ) ! view ( inur+ !m to great m5tal & physical ex]tions4 ,?us1 if my bro!r seems to lay p>ticul> /ress ^u ! value ( rigor\s tra9+1 free f all s5tim5tality1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t he speaks f exp]i5ce 9 ?is respect4 ,at ,p=ta he foll[$ ! regul> s*ool c\rse1 & he did n ent] a univ]sity until ! comp>atively late age ( tw5ty4 ,8 extraord9>y gifts manife/$ !mselves *iefly 9 8 indep5d5t & private /udies & arti/ic ef=ts4 ,z a boy 8 musical tal5t _h already be5 s noticeable1 t he himself & o!r compet5t judges 7 d\btful z to :e!r he ought n p]haps to devote himself altoge!r to music4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 wor? not+ t ev]y?+ he did 9 8 lat] ye>s1 :e!r 9 ,lat91 ,greek1 or ,g]man "w1 bore ! /amp ( p]fection--subject ( c\rse to ! limitation impos$ ^u him by 8 ye>s4 ,8 tal5ts came v sudd5ly to ! =e1 because he _h all[$ !m to gr[ = su* a long "t 9 concealm5t4 ,8 v fir/ p]=mance 9 philology1 execut$ :ile he 0 a /ud5t "u ,rits*l1 ! fam\s philologi/1 0 also typical ( him 9 ?is respect1 see+ t x 0 ord]$ to be pr9t$ = ! ,rhe9is*e ,museum4 ,( c\rse ?is 0 done amid g5]al & grave expressions ( d\bt2 =1 z ,dr4 ,rits*l (t5 decl>$1 x 0 an unhe>d-( occurr5ce = a /ud5t 9 8 ?ird t]m to prep>e su* an excell5t treatise4 ,be+ a great lov] ( out-door ex]cise1 su* z swimm+1 skat+1 & walk+1 he develop$ into a v /urdy lad4 ,rohde gives ! foll[+ description ( him z a /ud5t3 ) 8 heal?y complexion1 8 outw>d & inn] cleanl9ess1 8 au/]e *a/ity & 8 solemn aspect1 he 0 ! image ( t delightful y\? describ$ by ,adalb]t ,/ift]4 ,?\gh z a *ild he 0 always r s]i\s1 z a lad & a man he 0 ev] incl9$ to see ! humor\s side ( ?+s1 :ile 8 :ole be+1 & ev]y?+ he said or did1 0 p]meat$ by an extraord9>y h>mony4 ,he belong$ to ! v few :o c\ld control ev5 a bad mood & conceal x f o!rs4 ,all 8 fri5ds are unanim\s 9 _! praise ( 8 exceptional ev5ness ( temp] & behavi\r1 & 8 w>m1 he>ty1 & pleasant laugh t seem$ to come f ! v dep?s ( 8 b5evol5t & affectionate nature4 ,9 him x might !re=e be said1 nature _h produc$ a be+ :o 9 body & _s 0 a h>moni\s :ole3 8 unusual intellect 0 fully 9 keep+ ) 8 uncommon bodily /r5g?4 ,! only abnormal ?+ ab\t him1 & some?+ :i* we bo? inh]it$ f our fa!r1 0 %ort-sight$ness1 & ?is 0 v mu* aggravat$ 9 my bro!r's case1 ev5 9 8 e>lie/ s*ooldays1 ow+ to t indescribable anxiety to le>n :i* always *>act]is$ him4 ,:5 "o li/5s to acc\nts giv5 by 8 fri5ds & s*oolfell[s1 "o is />tl$ by ! multiplicity ( 8 /udies ev5 9 8 s*ooldays4 ,9 ! autumn ( #ahfd1 he began 8 univ]sity life 9 ,bonn1 & /udi$ philology & !ology2 at ! end ( six mon?s he gave up !ology1 & 9 ! autumn ( #ahfe foll[$ 8 fam\s tea*] ,rits*l to ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig4 ,!re he became an ard5t philologi/1 & dilig5tly s\ght to acquire a ma/]ly grasp ( ?is bran* ( k4 ,b 9 ?is respect x w\ld be unfair to =get t ! s*ool ( ,p=ta1 ) its /aff ( excell5t tea*]s--s*ol>s t w\ld h adorn$ ! *airs ( any ,univ]sity--_h already af=d$ ! be/ ( prep>atory tra9+s to any "o int5d+ to take up philology z a /udy1 m p>ticul>ly z x gave all pupils ample scope to indulge any individual ta/es !y might h = any p>ticul> bran* ( anci5t hi/ory4 ,! la/ important ,lat9 !sis :i* my bro!r wrote = ! ,l&es-,s*ule1 ,p=ta1 dealt ) ! ,meg>ian poet ,!ognis1 & x 0 9 ! rle ( a lectur] on ?is v subject t1 on ! #ah? ,janu>y #ahff1 he made 8 fir/ appe>ance 9 public be=e ! philological society he _h help$ to f\nd 9 ,leipzig4 ,! pap] he read disclos$ 8 inve/igations on ! subject ( ,!ognis ! morali/ & ari/ocrat1 :o1 z is well kn[n1 describ$ & dismiss$ ! plebeians ( 8 "t 9 t]ms ( ! he>tie/ contempt ,! ari/ocratic ideal1 :i* 0 always s de> to my bro!r1 ?us reveal$ itself = ! fir/ "t4 ,moreov]1 curi\sly en\gh1 x 0 precisely ?is sci5tific !sis :i* 0 ! cause ( ,rits*l's recognition ( my bro!r & fondness = him4 ,! :ole ( 8 ,leipzig days prov$ ( ! utmo/ importance to my bro!r's c>e]4 ,!re he 0 plung$ into ! v mid/ ( a torr5t ( intellectual influ5ces :i* f\nd an impressionable m$ium 9 ! fi]y y\?1 & to :i* he eag]ly made himself accessible4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 =get to discrim9ate among !m1 b te/$ & criticis$ ! curr5ts ( ?\ght he enc\nt]$1 & select$ accord+ly4 ,x is c]ta9ly ( great importance to asc]ta9 :at ^? influ5ces precisely 7 to :i* he yield$1 & h[ long !y ma9ta9$ _! sway ov] him1 & x is likewise necess>y to discov] exactly :5 ! matur$ m9d ?rew (f ^! fett]s 9 ord] to "w out its own salvation4 ,! influ5ces t ex]cis$ p[] ov] him 9 ^? days may be describ$ 9 ! ?ree foll[+ t]ms3 ,hell5ism1 ,s*op5hau]1 ,wagn]4 ,8 love ( ,hell5ism c]ta9ly l$ him to philology2 b1 z a matt] ( fact1 :at conc]n$ him mo/ 0 to obta9 a wide view ( ?+s 9 g5]al1 & ?is he hop$ to d]ive f t sci5ce2 philology 9 itself1 ) 8 spl5did me?od & ?or\gh way ( go+ to "w1 s]v$ him only z a means to an end4 ,if ,hell5ism 0 ! fir/ /rong influ5ce :i* already 9 ,p=ta obta9$ a sway ov] my bro!r1 9 ! w9t] ( #ahfe-ff1 a completely new1 & !re=e some:at subv]sive1 influ5ce 0 introduc$ into 8 life ) ,s*op5hau]'s philosophy4 ,:5 he rea*$ ,leipzig 9 ! autumn ( #ahfe1 he 0 v d[nca/2 = ! exp]i5ces t _h befall5 him dur+ 8 "o ye> ( /ud5t life 9 ,bonn _h deeply depress$ him4 ,he _h s\ght at fir/ to adapt himself to 8 surr\nd+s !re1 ) ! hope ( ultimately elevat+ !m to 8 l(ty views on ?+s2 b bo? ^! ef=ts prov$ va91 & n[ he _h come to ,leipzig ) ! purpose ( fram+ 8 own mann] ( life4 ,x c easily be imag9$ h[ ! fir/ read+ ( ,s*op5hau]'s ,! ,_w z ,w & ,idea work$ ^u ?is man1 /ill /++ f ! bitt]e/ exp]i5ces & disappo9tm5ts4 ,he writes3 ,"h ,i saw a mirror 9 :i* ,i espi$ ! _w1 life1 & my own nature depict$ ) frightful gr&eur4 ,z my bro!r1 f 8 v e>lie/ *ildhood1 _h always miss$ bo? ! p>5t & ! educator ?r\gh our fa!r's untimely dea?1 he began to reg>d ,s*op5hau] ) almo/ filial love & respect4 ,he did n v5]ate him q z o!r m5 did2 ,s*op5hau]'s p]sonality 0 :at attract$ & en*ant$ him4 ,f ! fir/ he 0 nev] bl9d to ! faults 9 8 ma/]'s sy/em1 & 9 pro( ( ?is we h only to ref] to an essay he wrote 9 ! autumn ( #ahfg1 :i* actually conta9s a criticism ( ,s*op5hau]'s philosophy4 ,n[1 9 ! autumn ( #ahfe1 to ^! two influ5ces1 ,hell5ism & ,s*op5hau]1 a ?ird influ5ce 0 add$--"o :i* 0 to prove ! /ronge/ ev] ex]cis$ ov] my bro!r--& x began ) 8 p]sonal introduction to ,ri*>d ,wagn]4 ,he 0 introduc$ to ,wagn] by ! latt]'s si/]1 ,frau ,pr(essor ,brockhaus1 & 8 description ( _! fir/ meet+1 conta9$ 9 a lett] to ,erw9 ,rohde1 is really mo/ affect+4 ,= ye>s1 t is to say1 f ! "t ,bill['s arrangem5t ( ,tri/an & ,isolde = ! pian(orte1 _h appe>$1 he _h already be5 a passionate admir] ( ,wagn]'s music2 b n[ t ! arti/ himself ent]$ ^u ! sc5e ( 8 life1 ) ! :ole fasc9at+ /r5g? ( 8 /rong w1 my bro!r felt t he 0 9 ! pres5ce ( a be+ :om he1 ( all mod]n m51 resembl$ mo/ 9 reg>d to =ce ( "*4 ,aga91 9 ! case ( ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 my bro!r1 f ! fir/1 laid ! utmo/ /ress ^u ! man's p]sonality1 & c\ld only reg>d 8 works & views z an expression ( ! arti/'s :ole be+1 despite ! fact t he by no means und]/ood e "o ( ^? works at t "t4 ,my bro!r 0 ! fir/ :o ev] manife/$ su* en?usia/ic affection = ,s*op5hau] & ,wagn]1 & he 0 also ! fir/ ( t num]\s b& ( "y foll[]s :o ultimately inscrib$ ! two great names ^u _! bann]4 ,:e!r ,s*op5hau] & ,wagn] ev] really correspond$ to ! glorifi$ pictures my bro!r pa9t$ ( !m1 bo? 9 8 lett]s & o!r writ+s1 is a "q :i* we c no long] answ] 9 ! affirmative4 ,p]haps :at he saw 9 !m 0 only :at he himself wi%$ to be "s day4 ,! am\nt ( "w my bro!r succe$$ 9 accompli%+1 dur+ 8 /ud5t days1 really seems almo/ incr$ible4 ,:5 we exam9e 8 record = ! ye>s #ahfe-fg1 we c sc>cely believe x ref]s to only two ye>s' indu/ry1 = at a guess no "o w\ld hesitate to sugge/ f\r ye>s at lea/4 ,b 9 ^? days1 z he himself decl>es1 he /ill possess$ ! con/itution ( a be>4 ,he knew nei!r :at heada*es nor indige/ion meant1 &1 despite 8 %ort sight1 8 eyes 7 able to endure ! greate/ /ra9 )\t giv+ him ! smalle/ tr\ble4 ,t is :y1 reg>dless ( s]i\sly int]rupt+ 8 /udies1 he 0 s glad at ! ?\ght ( becom+ a soldi] 9 ! =?com+ autumn ( #ahfg2 = he 0 p>ticul>ly anxi\s to discov] "s means ( employ+ 8 bodily /r5g?4 ,he dis*>g$ 8 duties z a soldi] ) ! utmo/ m5tal & physical fre%ness1 0 ! crack rid] among ! recruits ( 8 ye>1 & 0 s9c]ely sorry :51 ow+ to an accid5t1 he 0 compell$ to leave ! col\rs be=e ! completion ( 8 s]vice4 ,z a result ( ?is accid5t he _h 8 fir/ dang]\s illness4 ,:ile m\nt+ 8 horse "o day1 ! bea/1 :i* 0 an uncommonly re/ive "o1 sudd5ly re>$1 &1 caus+ him to /rike 8 *e/ %>ply aga9/ ! pommel ( ! saddle1 ?rew him to ! gr\nd4 ,my bro!r !n made a second attempt to m\nt1 & succe$$ ?is "t1 not)/&+ ! fact t he _h sev]ely spra9$ & torn two muscles 9 8 *e/1 & _h s]i\sly bruis$ ! adjac5t ribs4 ,= a :ole day he did 8 utmo/ to pay no he$ to ! injury1 & to ov]come ! pa9 x caus$ him2 b 9 ! end he only swoon$1 & a dang]\sly acute inflammation ( ! injur$ tissues 0 ! result4 ,ultimately he 0 oblig$ to consult ! fam\s speciali/1 ,pr(essor ,volkmann1 9 ,halle1 :o quickly put him "r4 ,9 ,octob] #ahfh1 my bro!r return$ to 8 /udies 9 ,leipzig ) d\ble joy4 ,^! 7 8 plans3 to get 8 doctor's degree z soon z possible2 to proce$ to ,p>is1 ,italy1 & ,greece1 make a l5g?y /ay 9 ea* place1 & !n to return to ,leipzig 9 ord] to settle !re z a privat doc5t4 ,all ^! plans 71 h[ev]1 sudd5ly fru/rat$ ow+ to 8 premature call to ! ,univ]sity ( ,bale1 :]e he 0 invit$ to assume ! duties ( pr(essor4 ,"s ( ! philological essays he _h writt5 9 8 /ud5t days1 & :i* 7 publi%$ by ! ,rhe9is*e ,museum1 _h attract$ ! att5tion ( ! ,educational ,bo>d at ,bale4 ,rat%]r ,wilhelm ,vis*]1 z repres5t+ ?is body1 appeal$ to ,rits*l = full] in=mation4 ,n[ ,rits*l1 :o _h e>ly recognis$ my bro!r's extraord9>y tal5ts1 mu/ h writt5 a lett] ( su* en?usia/ic praise 7,nietzs*e is a g5ius3 he c d :atev] he *ooses to put 8 m9d to71 t "o ( ! m cauti\s memb]s ( ! c\ncil is said to h obs]v$3 ,if ! propos$ c&idate be really su* a g5ius1 !n x 7 bett] did we n appo9t him2 =1 9 any case1 he w\ld only /ay a %ort "t at ! little ,univ]sity ( ,bale4 ,my bro!r ultimately accept$ ! appo9tm5t1 &1 9 view ( 8 publi%$ philological works1 he 0 imm$iately grant$ ! doctor's degree by ! ,univ]sity ( ,leipzig4 ,he 0 tw5ty-f\r ye>s & six mon?s old :5 he took up 8 position z pr(essor 9 ,bale1--& x 0 ) a heavy he>t t he proce$$ !re1 = he knew ! gold5 p]iod ( untrammell$ activity mu/ cease4 ,he 01 h[ev]1 inspir$ by ! deep wi% ( be+ able to transf] to 8 pupils "s ( t ,s*op5hau]ian e>ne/ness :i* is /amp$ on ! br[ ( ! sublime man4 ,i %\ld l to be some?+ m ?an a m]e tra9] ( capable philologi/s3 ! pres5t g5]ation ( tea*]s1 ! c>e ( ! gr[+ broods1--all ?is is 9 my m9d4 ,if we mu/ live1 let u at lea/ d s 9 su* wise t o!rs may bless our life once we h be5 peacefully deliv]$ f its toils4 ,:5 ,i look back ^u t mon? ( ,may #ahfi1 & ask bo? ( fri5ds & ( myself1 :at ! figure ( ?is y\?ful ,univ]sity pr(essor ( f\r-&-tw5ty meant to ! _w at t "t1 ! reply is naturally1 9 ! fir/ place3 t he 0 "o ( ,rits*l's be/ pupils2 secondly1 t he 0 an exceptionally capable expon5t ( classical antiquity ) a brilliant c>e] be=e him2 & ?irdly1 t he 0 a passionate ador] ( ,wagn] & ,s*op5hau]4 ,b no "o has any idea ( my bro!r's indep5d5t attitude to ! sci5ce he _h select$1 to 8 tea*]s & to 8 ideals1 & he deceiv$ bo? himself & u :5 he pass$ z a disciple :o really %>$ all ! views ( 8 respect$ ma/]4 ,on ! #bh? ,may #ahfi1 my bro!r deliv]$ 8 inaugural address at ,bale ,univ]sity1 & x is said to h deeply impress$ ! au?orities4 ,! subject ( ! address 0 ,hom] & ,classical ,philology4 ,mus+ deeply1 ! wor?y c\ncillors & pr(essors walk$ homew>d4 ,:at _h !y j he>d8 ,a "y s*ol> discuss+ ! v ju/ification ( 8 own sci5ce 9 a cool & philosophically critical _s6 ,a man able to imp>t s mu* arti/ic glam\r to 8 subject1 t ! once /ale & arid /udy ( philology sudd5ly /ruck !m--& !y 7 c]ta9ly n impressionable m5--z ! mess5g] ( ! gods3 & j z ! ,muses desc5d$ ^u ! dull & torm5t$ ,boeotian peasants1 s philology comes into a _w full ( gloomy col\rs & pictures1 full ( ! deepe/1 mo/ incurable woes1 & speaks to m5 com=t+ly ( ! beautiful & brilliant godlike figure ( a di/ant1 blue1 & happy fairyl&4 ,we h inde$ got hold ( a r>e bird1 ,h]r ,rat%]r1 said "o ( ^! g5tlem5 to 8 companion1 & ! latt] he>tily agre$1 = my bro!r's appo9tm5t _h be5 *iefly 8 do+4 ,ev5 9 ,leipzig1 x 0 report$ t ,jacob ,burckh>dt _h said3 ,nietzs*e is z mu* an arti/ z a s*ol>4 ,privy-,c\ncillor ,rits*l told me ( ?is himself1 & !n he add$1 ) a smile3 ,i always said s2 he c make 8 sci5tific disc\rses z palpitat+ly int]e/+ z a ,fr5* noveli/ 8 novels4 ,hom] & ,classical ,philology--my bro!r's inaugural address at ! ,univ]sity--0 by no means ! fir/ lit]>y attempt he _h made2 = we h already se5 t he _h _h pap]s publi%$ by ! ,rhe9is*e ,museum2 /ill1 ?is p>ticul> disc\rse is important1 see+ t x practically conta9s ! programme ( _m o!r subsequ5t essays4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 emphasise ?is fact "h1 t nei!r ,hom] & ,classical ,philology1 nor ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 repres5ts a beg9n+ 9 my bro!r's c>e]4 ,x is really surpris+ to see h[ v soon he actually began grappl+ ) ! que/ions :i* 7 to prove ! problems ( 8 life4 ,if a beg9n+ to 8 intellectual developm5t be s\ght at all1 !n x mu/ be trac$ to ! ye>s #ahfe-fg 9 ,leipzig4 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 8 maid5 attempt at book-writ+1 ) :i* he began 8 tw5ty-eigh? ye>1 is ! la/ l9k ( a long *a9 ( developm5ts1 & ! fir/ fruit t 0 a long "t com+ to maturity4 ,nietzs*e's 0 a polyphonic nature1 9 :i* ! mo/ diff]5t & app>5tly mo/ antagoni/ic tal5ts _h come toge!r4 ,philosophy1 art1 & sci5ce--9 ! =m ( philology1 !n--ea* c]ta9ly possess$ a "p ( him4 ,! mo/ wond]ful feature--p]haps x might ev5 be call$ ! real ,nietzs*ean feature--( ?is v]satile creature1 0 ! fact t no et]nal /rife result$ f ! juxtaposition ( ^! inimical traits1 t n "o ( !m /rove to dislodge1 or to get ! upp] h& (1 ! o!rs4 ,:5 ,nietzs*e r5\nc$ ! musical c>e]1 9 ord] to devote himself to philology1 & gave himself up to ! mo/ /r5u\s /udy1 he did n f9d x ess5tial completely to suppress 8 o!r t5d5cies3 z be=e1 he cont9u$ bo? to compose & d]ive pleasure f music1 & ev5 /udi$ c\nt]po9t some:at s]i\sly4 ,moreov]1 dur+ 8 ye>s at ,leipzig1 :5 he consci\sly gave himself up to philological rese>*1 he began to engross himself 9 ,s*op5hau]1 & 0 !reby won by philosophy = ev]4 ,ev]y?+ t c\ld f9d room took up its abode 9 him1 & ^! juxtapos$ factors1 f> f int]f]+ ) "o ano!r's exi/5ce1 7 r mutually f]tilis+ & /imulat+4 ,all ^? :o h read ! fir/ volume ( ! biography ) att5tion mu/ h be5 /ruck ) ! p]fect way 9 :i* ! v>i\s impulses 9 8 nature comb9$ 9 ! end to =m "o g5]al torr5t1 & h[ ?is fl[$ ) ev] great] =ce 9 ! direction ( a s+le goal4 ,?us sci5ce1 art1 & philosophy develop$ & became ev] m closely relat$ 9 him1 until1 9 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 !y br\ght =? a c5taur1 t is to say1 a "w :i* w\ld h be5 an impossible a*ievem5t to a man ) only a s+le1 special tal5t4 ,?is polyphony ( diff]5t tal5ts1 all com+ to utt]ance toge!r & produc+ ! ri*e/ & bolde/ ( h>monies1 is ! fundam5tal feature n only ( ,nietzs*e's e>ly days1 b ( 8 :ole developm5t4 ,x is once aga9 ! arti/1 philosoph]1 & man ( sci5ce1 :o z "o man 9 lat] ye>s1 aft] _m w&]+s1 recantations1 & revulsions ( feel+1 produces t o!r & r>] ,c5taur ( highe/ rank--,z>a?u/ra4 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y requires p]haps a little expla9+--m p>ticul>ly z we h n[ ceas$ to use ei!r ,s*op5hau]ian or ,wagn]ian t]ms ( expression4 ,& x 0 = ?is reason t five ye>s aft] its appe>ance1 my bro!r wrote an introduction to x1 9 :i* he v pla9ly expresses 8 d\bts conc]n+ ! views x conta9s1 & ! mann] 9 :i* !y are pres5t$4 ,! k]nel ( its ?\ght he always recognis$ z p]fectly correct2 & all he deplor$ 9 lat] days 0 t he _h spoil$ ! gr& problem ( ,hell5ism1 z he und]/ood x1 by adult]at+ x ) +r$i5ts tak5 f ! _w ( mo/ mod]n ideas4 ,z "t w5t on1 he grew ev] m & m anxi\s to def9e ! deep mean+ ( ?is book ) great] precision & cle>ness4 ,a v good elucidation ( its aims1 :i* un=tunately 0 nev] publi%$1 appe>s among 8 notes ( ! ye> #ahhf1 & is z foll[s3-- ,conc]n+ ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y4--,a book consi/+ ( m]e exp]i5ces relat+ to pleasurable & unpleasurable /hetic /ates1 ) a metaphysico-arti/ic backgr\nd4 ,at ! same "t ! confession ( a romantici/ ! suff]] feels ! deepe/ long+ = beauty--he begets x2 f9ally1 a product ( y\?1 full ( y\?ful c\rage & melan*oly4 ,fundam5tal psy*ological exp]i5ces3 ! ^w ',apollonian' /&s = t /ate ( rapt repose 9 ! pres5ce ( a vision>y _w1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! _w ( beautiful appe>ance design$ z a deliv]ance f becom+2 ! ^w ,dionysos1 on ! o!r h&1 /&s = /r5u\s becom+1 gr[n self-consci\s1 9 ! =m ( ! rampant voluptu\sness ( ! creator1 :o is also p]fectly consci\s ( ! viol5t ang] ( ! de/roy]4 ,! antagonism ( ^! two attitudes & ! desires t und]lie !m4 ,! fir/-nam$ w\ld h ! vision x conjures up et]nal3 9 its light man mu/ be quiesc5t1 apa!tic1 peaceful1 heal$1 & on fri5dly t]ms ) himself & all exi/5ce2 ! second /rives aft] creation1 aft] ! voluptu\sness ( wilful creation1 i4e4 con/ruct+ & de/roy+4 ,creation felt & expla9$ z an in/9ct w\ld be m]ely ! unremitt+ inv5tive action ( a dissatisfi$ be+1 ov]fl[+ ) weal? & liv+ at high t5sion & high pressure1--( a ,god :o w\ld ov]come ! sorr[s ( exi/5ce by means only ( cont9ual *anges & trans=mations1--appe>ance z a transi5t & mom5t>y deliv]ance2 ! _w z an app>5t sequ5ce ( godlike visions & deliv]ances4 ,?is metaphysico-arti/ic attitude is oppos$ to ,s*op5hau]'s "o-sid$ view :i* values art1 n f ! arti/'s /&po9t b f ! spectator's1 because x br+s salvation & deliv]ance by means ( ! joy produc$ by unreal z oppos$ to ! exi/+ or ! real 7! exp]i5ce only ( him :o is suff]+ & is 9 despair ow+ to himself & ev]y?+ exi/+74--,deliv]ance 9 ! =m & its et]nity 7j z ,plato may h pictur$ x1 save t he rejoic$ 9 a complete subord9ation ( all too excitable s5sibilities1 ev5 9 ! idea itself74 ,to ?is is oppos$ ! second po9t ( view--art reg>d$ z a ph5om5on ( ! arti/1 above all ( ! musician2 ! torture ( be+ oblig$ to create1 z a ,dionysian in/9ct4 ,tragic art1 ri* 9 bo? attitudes1 repres5ts ! reconciliation ( ,apollo & ,dionysos4 ,appe>ance is giv5 ! greate/ importance by ,dionysos2 & yet x w be d5i$ & *e]fully d5i$4 ,?is is direct$ aga9/ ,s*op5hau]'s tea*+ ( ,resignation z ! tragic attitude t[>ds ! _w4 ,aga9/ ,wagn]'s !ory t music is a means & drama an end4 ,a desire = tragic my? 7= religion & ev5 pessimi/ic religion7 z = a =c+ frame 9 :i* c]ta9 plants fl\ri%4 ,mi/ru/ ( sci5ce1 al?\gh its ephem]ally soo?+ optimism be /rongly felt2 ! 's]5ity' ( ! !oretical man4 ,deep antagonism to ,*ri/ianity4 ,:y8 ,! deg5]ation ( ! ,g]manic _s is ascrib$ to its influ5ce4 ,any ju/ification ( ! _w c only be an /hetic "o4 ,pr(\nd suspicions ab\t morality 7--x is "p & p>cel ( ! _w ( appe>ance74 ,! happ9ess ( exi/5ce is only possible z ! happ9ess d]iv$ f appe>ance4 7',be+' is a fiction inv5t$ by ^? :o suff] f becom+47 ,happ9ess 9 becom+ is possible only 9 ! annihilation ( ! real1 ( ! 'exi/+1' ( ! beautifully vision>y1--9 ! pessimi/ic dissipation ( illusions3--) ! annihilation ( ! mo/ beautiful ph5om5a 9 ! _w ( appe>ance1 ,dionysian happ9ess rea*es its z5i?4 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y is really only a portion ( a mu* great] "w on ,hell5ism1 :i* my bro!r _h always _h 9 view f ! "t ( 8 /ud5t days4 ,b ev5 ! portion x repres5ts 0 orig9ally design$ ^u a mu* l>g] scale ?an ! pres5t "o2 ! reason probably be+1 t ,nietzs*e desir$ only to be ( s]vice to ,wagn]4 ,:5 a c]ta9 portion ( ! project$ "w on ,hell5ism 0 ready & _h receiv$ ! title ,greek ,*e]fulness1 my bro!r happ5$ to call ^u ,wagn] at ,tribs*5 9 ,april #ahga1 & f\nd him v l[-spirit$ 9 reg>d to ! mission ( 8 life4 ,my bro!r 0 v anxi\s to take "s decisive /ep to help him1 &1 lay+ ! plans ( 8 great "w on ,greece aside1 he select$ a small portion f ! already complet$ manuscript--a portion deal+ ) "o di/9ct side ( ,hell5ism1--to wit1 its tragic art4 ,he !n associat$ ,wagn]'s music ) x & ! "n ,dionysos1 & ?us took ! fir/ /ep t[>ds t _w-hi/orical view ?r\gh :i* we h s9ce gr[n accu/om$ to reg>d ,wagn]4 ,f ! dates ( ! v>i\s notes relat+ to x1 ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y mu/ h be5 writt5 betwe5 ! autumn ( #ahfi & ,novemb] #ahga--;a p]iod dur+ :i* a mass ( /hetic que/ions & answ]s 0 f]m5t+ 9 ,nietzs*e's m9d4 ,x 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 ,janu>y #ahgb by ,e4 ,w4 ,frits*1 9 ,leipzig1 "u ! title ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y out ( ! ,_s ( ,music4 ,lat] on ! title 0 *ang$ to ,! ,bir? ( ,trag$y1 or ,hell5ism & ,pessimism4 ,,elizabe? ,,=/]-,,nietzs*e4 ,,weim>1 ,septemb] #aije4 #a ,?is ,introduction by ,e4 ,fr/]-,nietzs*e1 :i* appe>s 9 ! front ( ! fir/ volume ( ,naumann's ,pocket ,edition ( ,nietzs*e1 has be5 translat$ & arrang$ by ,mr4 ,a4 ,m4 ,ludovici4 ,,an ,,attempt ,,at ,,self-,,criticism4 ,i4 ,:atev] may lie at ! bottom ( ?is d\btful book mu/ be a "q ( ! fir/ rank & attractiv5ess1 moreov] a deeply p]sonal "q1--9 pro( !re( obs]ve ! "t 9 :i* x orig9at$1 9 spite ( :i* x orig9at$1 ! excit+ p]iod ( ! ,franco-,g]man w> ( #ahgj-ga4 ,:ile ! ?und] ( ! battle ( ,wr? roll$ ov] ,europe1 ! rum9ator & riddle-lov]1 :o _h to be ! p>5t ( ?is book1 sat some:]e 9 a nook ( ! ,alps1 lo/ 9 riddles & rum9ations1 consequ5tly v mu* conc]n$ & unconc]n$ at ! same "t1 & wrote d[n 8 m$itations on ! ,greeks1--! k]nel ( ! curi\s & almo/ inaccessible book1 to :i* ?is belat$ prologue 7or epilogue7 is to be devot$4 ,a few weeks lat]3 & he f\nd himself "u ! walls ( ,metz1 /ill wre/l+ ) ! notes ( int]rogation he _h set d[n conc]n+ ! alleg$ *e]fulness ( ! ,greeks & ( ,greek art2 till at la/1 9 t mon? ( deep susp5se1 :5 peace 0 debat$ at ,v]sailles1 he too atta9$ to peace ) himself1 &1 sl[ly recov]+ f a disease br\ght home f ! field1 made up 8 m9d def9itely reg>d+ ! ,bir? ( ,trag$y f ! ,_s ( ,music4--,f music8 ,music & ,trag$y8 ,greeks & tragic music8 ,greeks & ! ,art-"w ( pessimism8 ,a race ( m51 well-fa%ion$1 beautiful1 envi$1 life-inspir+1 l no o!r race hi!rto1 ! ,greeks--inde$8 ,! ,greeks 7 9 ne$ ( trag$y8 ,yea--( art8 ,:]e=e--,greek art8444 ,we c ?us guess :]e ! great note ( int]rogation conc]n+ ! value ( exi/5ce _h be5 set4 ,is pessimism necess>ily ! sign ( decl9e1 ( decay1 ( failure1 ( exhau/$ & weak5$ in/9cts8--z 0 ! case ) ! ,indians1 z is1 to all appe>ance1 ! case ) u mod]n m5 & ,europeans8 ,is !re a pessimism ( /r5g?8 ,an intellectual pr$ilection = :at is h>d1 awful1 evil1 problematical 9 exi/5ce1 ow+ to well-be+1 to exub]ant heal?1 to fullness ( exi/5ce8 ,is !re p]haps suff]+ 9 ov]fullness itself8 ,a s$uctive =titude ) ! ke5e/ ( glances1 :i* ye>ns = ! t]rible1 z = ! enemy1 ! wor?y enemy1 ) :om x may try its /r5g?8 f :om x is will+ to le>n :at fe> is8 ,:at means tragic my? to ! ,greeks ( ! be/1 /ronge/1 brave/ era8 ,& ! prodigi\s ph5om5on ( ! ,dionysian8 ,& t :i* 0 born !re(1 trag$y8--,& aga93 t ( :i* trag$y di$1 ! ,socratism ( morality1 ! dialectics1 cont5t$ness & *e]fulness ( ! !oretical man--inde$8 might n ?is v ,socratism be a sign ( decl9e1 ( we>9ess1 ( disease1 ( an>*ically dis9tegrat+ in/9cts8 ,& ! ,hell5ic *e]fulness ( ! lat] ,hell5ism m]ely a gl[+ sunset8 ,! ,epicurean w c\nt] to pessimism m]ely a precaution ( ! suff]]8 ,& sci5ce itself1 our sci5ce--ay1 view$ z a symptom ( life1 :at really signifies all sci5ce8 ,:i!r1 worse /ill1 :5ce--all sci5ce8 ,well8 ,is sci5tism p]haps only fe> & evasion ( pessimism8 ,a subtle def5ce aga9/--tru?6 ,morally speak+1 some?+ l falsehood & c[>dice8 ,&1 unmorally speak+1 an artifice8 ,o ,socrates1 ,socrates1 0 ?is p]haps ?y secret8 ,oh my/]i\s ironi/1 0 ?is p]haps ?9e--irony8444 #b4 ,:at ,i !n laid h&s on1 some?+ t]rible & dang]\s1 a problem ) horns1 n necess>ily a bull itself1 b at all ev5ts a new problem3 ,i %\ld say to-day x 0 ! problem ( sci5ce itself--sci5ce conceiv$ = ! fir/ "t z problematic1 z que/ionable4 ,b ! book1 9 :i* my y\?ful ard\r & suspicion !n dis*>g$ !mselves--:at an impossible book mu/ ne$s gr[ out ( a task s disagreeable to y\?4 ,con/ruct$ ( n\ght b precoci\s1 unrip5$ self-exp]i5ces1 all ( :i* lay close to ! ?re%old ( ! communicable1 bas$ on ! gr\ndwork ( art--= ! problem ( sci5ce _c be disc]n$ on ! gr\ndwork ( sci5ce1--a book p]haps = arti/s1 ) collat]al analytical & retrospective aptitudes 7t is1 an exceptional k9d ( arti/s1 = :om "o mu/ seek & does n ev5 c>e to seek 44471 full ( psy*ological innovations & arti/s' secrets1 ) an arti/s' metaphysics 9 ! backgr\nd1 a "w ( y\?1 full ( y\?'s mettle & y\?'s melan*oly1 indep5d5t1 defiantly self-suffici5t ev5 :5 x seems to b[ to "s au?ority & self-v5]ation2 9 %ort1 a fir/l+-"w1 ev5 9 e bad s5se ( ! t]m2 9 spite ( its s5ile problem1 affect$ ) e fault ( y\?1 above all ) y\?'s prolixity & y\?'s /orm & /ress3 on ! o!r h&1 9 view ( ! success x _h 7especially ) ! great arti/ to :om x address$ itself1 z x 71 9 a duologue1 ,ri*>d ,wagn]7 a demon/rat$ book1 ,i mean a book :i*1 at any rate1 suffic$ = ! be/ ( its "t4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 if = no o!r reason1 x %\ld be treat$ ) "s consid]ation & res]ve2 yet ,i %all n altoge!r conceal h[ disagreeable x n[ appe>s to me1 h[ aft] sixte5 ye>s x /&s a total /rang] be=e me1--be=e an eye :i* is m mature1 & a hundr$ times m fa/idi\s1 b :i* has by no means gr[n cold] nor lo/ any ( its int]e/ 9 t self-same task essay$ = ! fir/ "t by ?is d>+ book1--to view sci5ce ?r\gh ! optics ( ! arti/1 & art moreov] ?r\gh ! optics ( life4444 #c4 ,i say aga91 to-day x is an impossible book to me1--,i call x badly writt51 heavy1 pa9ful1 image-angl+ & image-entangl+1 maudl91 sug>$ at times ev5 to fem99ism1 unev5 9 tempo1 void ( ! w to logical cleanl9ess1 v conv9c$ & !re=e ris+ above ! necessity ( demon/ration1 di/ru/ful ev5 ( ! propriety ( demon/ration1 z be+ a book = initiates1 z music = ^? :o are baptis$ ) ! "n ( ,music1 :o are unit$ f ! beg9n+ ( ?+s by common ties ( r>e exp]i5ces 9 art1 z a c\nt]sign = blood-relations 9 artibus4--a haughty & fanta/ic book1 :i* f ! v fir/ )draws ev5 m f ! pr(anum vulgus ( ! cultur$ ?an f ! p1 b :i* also1 z its effect has %[n & /ill %[s1 kn[s v well h[ to seek fell[-en?usia/s & lure !m to new by-ways & danc+-gr\nds4 ,"h1 at any rate--?us mu* 0 ackn[l$g$ ) curiosity z well z ) av]sion--a /range voice spoke1 ! disciple ( a /ill unkn[n ,god1 :o = ! "t be+ _h hidd5 himself "u ! hood ( ! s*ol>1 "u ! ,g]man's gravity & dis9cl9ation = dialectics1 ev5 "u ! bad mann]s ( ! ,wagn]ian2 "h 0 a _s ) /range & /ill nameless ne$s1 a memory bri/l+ ) que/ions1 exp]i5ces & obscurities1 beside :i* /ood ! "n ,dionysos l "o m note ( int]rogation2 "h spoke--p said to !mselves ) misgiv+s--some?+ l a my/ic & almo/ mnadic s\l1 :i*1 undecid$ :e!r x %\ld disclose or conceal itself1 /amm]s ) an ef=t & caprici\sly z 9 a /range tongue4 ,x %\ld h sung1 ?is new s\l--& n spok56 ,:at a pity1 t ,i did n d>e to say :at ,i !n _h to say1 z a poet3 ,i c\ld h done s p]haps6 ,or at lea/ z a philologi/3--= ev5 at ! pres5t day well-nigh ev]y?+ 9 ?is doma9 rema9s to be discov]$ & dis9t]r$ by ! philologi/6 ,above all ! problem1 t "h !re is a problem be=e u1--& t1 s long z we h no answ] to ! "q :at is ,dionysian8 ! ,greeks are n[ z ev] :olly unkn[n & inconceivable4444 #d4 ,ay1 :at is ,dionysian8--,9 ?is book may be f\nd an answ]1--a kn[+ "o speaks "h1 ! vot>y & disciple ( 8 god4 ,p]haps ,i %\ld n[ speak m gu>d$ly & less eloqu5tly ( a psy*ological "q s difficult z ! orig9 ( trag$y among ! ,greeks4 ,a fundam5tal "q is ! relation ( ! ,greek to pa91 8 degree ( s5sibility1--did ?is relation rema9 con/ant8 or did x ve] ab\t8--! "q1 :e!r 8 ev]-increas+ long+ = beauty1 = fe/ivals1 gaieties1 new cults1 did really gr[ out ( want1 privation1 melan*oly1 pa98 ,= suppose ev5 ?is to be true--& ,p]icles 7or ,?ucydides7 intimates z mu* 9 ! great ,fun]al ,spee*3--:5ce !n ! opposite long+1 :i* appe>$ fir/ 9 ! ord] ( "t1 ! long+ = ! ugly1 ! good1 resolute desire ( ! ,old ,hell5e = pessimism1 = tragic my?1 = ! picture ( all t is t]rible1 evil1 enigmatical1 de/ructive1 fatal at ! basis ( exi/5ce1--:5ce !n mu/ trag$y h sprung8 ,p]haps f joy1 f /r5g?1 f exub]ant heal?1 f ov]-fullness4 ,& :at !n1 physiologically speak+1 is ! mean+ ( t madness1 out ( :i* comic z well z tragic art has gr[n1 ! ,dionysian madness8 ,:at8 p]haps madness is n necess>ily ! symptom ( deg5]ation1 ( decl9e1 ( belat$ culture8 ,p]haps !re are--a "q = ali5i/s--neuroses ( heal?8 ( folk-y\? & y\?fulness8 ,:at does t syn!sis ( god & goat 9 ! ,satyr po9t to8 ,:at self-exp]i5ce :at /ress1 made ! ,greek ?9k ( ! ,dionysian revell] & primitive man z a satyr8 ,& z reg>ds ! orig9 ( ! tragic *orus3 p]haps !re 7 endemic ec/asies 9 ! eras :5 ! ,greek body bloom$ & ! ,greek s\l brimm$ ov] ) life8 ,visions & halluc9ations1 :i* took hold ( entire communities1 entire cult-assemblies8 ,:at if ! ,greeks 9 ! v weal? ( _! y\? _h ! w to be tragic & 7 pessimi/s8 ,:at if x 0 madness itself1 to use a ^w ( ,plato's1 :i* br\ght ! greate/ bless+s ^u ,hellas8 ,& :at if1 on ! o!r h& & conv]sely1 at ! v "t ( _! dissolution & weakness1 ! ,greeks became always m optimi/ic1 m sup]ficial1 m hi/rionic1 also m ard5t = logic & ! logicis+ ( ! _w1--consequ5tly at ! same "t m *e]ful & m sci5tific8 ,ay1 despite all mod]n ideas & prejudices ( ! democratic ta/e1 may n ! triumph ( optimism1 ! common s5se t has ga9$ ! upp] h&1 ! practical & !oretical utilit>ianism1 l democracy itself1 ) :i* x is syn*ron\s--be symptomatic ( decl9+ vig\r1 ( approa*+ age1 ( physiological we>9ess8 ,& n at all--pessimism8 ,0 ,epicurus an optimi/--because a suff]]8444 ,we see x is a :ole bundle ( weighty que/ions :i* ?is book has tak5 ^u itself1--let u n fail to add its weightie/ "q6 ,view$ ?r\gh ! optics ( life1 :at is ! mean+ (--morality8444 #e4 ,already 9 ! =eword to ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 art---& n morality--is set d[n z ! prop]ly metaphysical activity ( man2 9 ! book itself ! piquant proposition recurs "t & aga91 t ! exi/5ce ( ! _w is ju/ifi$ only z an /hetic ph5om5on4 ,inde$1 ! entire book recognises only an arti/-?\ght & arti/-aft]-?\ght beh9d all occurr5ces1--a ,god1 if y w1 b c]ta9ly only an altoge!r ?\ghtless & unmoral arti/-,god1 :o1 9 con/ruction z 9 de/ruction1 9 good z 9 evil1 desires to become consci\s ( 8 own equable joy & sov]eign glory2 :o1 9 creat+ worlds1 frees himself f ! angui% ( fullness & ov]fullness1 f ! suff]+ ( ! contradictions conc5trat$ )9 him4 ,! _w1 t is1 ! r$emption ( ,god atta9$ at e mom5t1 z ! p]petually *ang+1 p]petually new vision ( ! mo/ suff]+1 mo/ anti!tical1 mo/ contradictory be+1 :o contrives to r$eem himself only 9 appe>ance3 ?is entire arti/-metaphysics1 call x arbitr>y1 idle1 fanta/ic1 if y w1--! po9t is1 t x already betrays a _s1 :i* is det]m9$ "s day1 at all haz>ds1 to make a /& aga9/ ! moral int]pretation & significance ( life4 ,"h1 p]haps = ! fir/ "t1 a pessimism ,beyond ,good & ,evil ann\nces itself1 "h t p]v]s5ess ( disposition obta9s expression & =mulation1 aga9/ :i* ,s*op5hau] nev] grew tir$ ( hurl+ be=eh& 8 angrie/ imprecations & ?und]bolts1--a philosophy :i* d>es to put1 d]ogatorily put1 morality itself 9 ! _w ( ph5om5a1 & n only among ph5om5a 79 ! s5se ( ! ideali/ic t]m9us te*nicus71 b among ! illusions1 z appe>ance1 semblance1 error1 int]pretation1 accommodation1 art4 ,p]haps ! dep? ( ?is antimoral t5d5cy may be be/ e/imat$ f ! gu>d$ & ho/ile sil5ce ) :i* ,*ri/ianity is treat$ ?r\gh\t ?is book1--,*ri/ianity1 z be+ ! mo/ extravagant burlesque ( ! moral !me to :i* mank9d has hi!rto be5 oblig$ to li/54 ,9 fact1 to ! purely /hetic _w-int]pretation & ju/ification taught 9 ?is book1 !re is no great] anti!sis ?an ! ,*ri/ian dogma1 :i* is only & w be only moral1 & :i*1 ) its absolute /&>ds1 = in/ance1 its tru?fulness ( ,god1 relegates--t is1 dis[ns1 convicts1 condemns--art1 all art1 to ! realm ( falsehood4 ,beh9d su* a mode ( ?\ght & valuation1 :i*1 if at all g5u9e1 mu/ be ho/ile to art1 ,i always exp]i5c$ :at 0 ho/ile to life1 ! wra?ful1 v9dictive c\nt]will to life itself3 = all life re/s on appe>ance1 art1 illusion1 optics1 necessity ( p]spective & error4 ,f ! v fir/ ,*ri/ianity 01 ess5tially & ?or\ghly1 ! nausea & surfeit ( ,life = ,life1 :i* only disguis$1 conceal$ & deck$ itself out "u ! belief 9 ano!r or bett] life4 ,! hatr$ ( ! _w1 ! curse on ! affections1 ! fe> ( beauty & s5suality1 ano!r _w1 inv5t$ = ! purpose ( sl&]+ ?is _w ! m1 at bottom a long+ =4 ,no?+ness1 = ! end1 = re/1 = ! ,sabba? ( ,sabba?s--all ?is1 z also ! unconditional w ( ,*ri/ianity to recognise only moral values1 has always appe>$ to me z ! mo/ dang]\s & om9\s ( all possible =ms ( a w to p]i%2 at ! lea/1 z ! symptom ( a mo/ fatal disease1 ( pr(\nde/ we>9ess1 despond5cy1 exhau/ion1 impov]i%m5t ( life1--= be=e ! tribunal ( morality 7especially ,*ri/ian1 t is1 unconditional morality7 life mu/ con/antly & inevitably be ! los]1 because life is some?+ ess5tially unmoral1--inde$1 oppress$ ) ! weight ( contempt & ! ev]la/+ ,no1 life mu/ f9ally be reg>d$ z unwor?y ( desire1 z 9 itself unwor?y4 ,morality itself :at8--may n morality be a w to dis[n life1 a secret in/9ct = annihilation1 a pr9ciple ( decay1 ( depreciation1 ( sl&]1 a beg9n+ ( ! end8 ,&1 consequ5tly1 ! dang] ( dang]s8444 ,x 0 aga9/ morality1 !re=e1 t my in/9ct1 z an int]cessory-in/9ct = life1 turn$ 9 ?is que/ionable book1 inv5t+ = itself a fundam5tal c\nt]--dogma & c\nt]-valuation ( life1 purely arti/ic1 purely anti-,*ri/ian4 ,:at %\ld ,i call x8 ,z a philologi/ & man ( words ,i baptis$ x1 n )\t "s lib]ty--= :o c\ld be sure ( ! prop] "n ( ! ,anti*ri/8--) ! "n ( a ,greek god3 ,i call$ x ,dionysian4 #f4 ,y see :i* problem ,i v5tur$ to t\* ^u 9 ?is e>ly "w8444 ,h[ ,i n[ regret1 t ,i _h n !n ! c\rage 7or immode/y87 to all[ myself1 9 all respects1 ! use ( an individual language = su* individual contemplations & v5tures 9 ! field ( ?\ght--t ,i lab\r$ to express1 9 ,kantian & ,s*op5hau]ian =mul1 /range & new valuations1 :i* ran fundam5tally c\nt] to ! _s ( ,kant & ,s*op5hau]1 z well z to _! ta/e6 ,:at1 =soo?1 7 ,s*op5hau]'s views on trag$y8 ,:at gives--he says 9 ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung1 ,,ii4 #die--to all trag$y t s+ul> sw+ t[>ds elevation1 is ! awak5+ ( ! k t ! _w1 t life1 _c satisfy u ?or\ghly1 & consequ5tly is n wor?y ( our atta*m5t ,9 ?is consi/s ! tragic _s3 x !re=e leads to resignation4 ,oh1 h[ diff]5tly ,dionysos spoke to me6 ,oh h[ f> f me !n 0 j ?is entire resignationism6--,b !re is some?+ f> worse 9 ?is book1 :i* ,i n[ regret ev5 m ?an hav+ obscur$ & spoil$ ,dionysian anticipations ) ,s*op5hau]ian =mul3 to wit1 t1 9 g5]al1 ,i spoil$ ! gr& ,hell5ic problem1 z x _h op5$ up be=e me1 by ! admixture ( ! mo/ mod]n ?+s6 ,t ,i ent]ta9$ hopes1 :]e no?+ 0 to be hop$ =1 :]e ev]y?+ po9t$ all-too-cle>ly to an approa*+ end6 ,t1 on ! basis ( our latt]-day ,g]man music1 ,i began to fable ab\t ! _s ( ,teutonism1 z if x 7 on ! po9t ( discov]+ & return+ to itself1--ay1 at ! v "t t ! ,g]man _s :i* n s v long be=e _h _h ! w to ! lord%ip ov] ,europe1 ! /r5g? to lead & gov]n ,europe1 te/am5t>ily & conclusively resign$ &1 "u ! pomp\s pret5ce ( empire-f\nd+1 effect$ its transition to m$iocritisation1 democracy1 & mod]n ideas4 ,9 v fact1 ,i h s9ce le>n$ to reg>d ?is _s ( ,teutonism z some?+ to be despair$ ( & unsp>+ly treat$1 z also our pres5t ,g]man music1 :i* is ,romanticism ?r\gh & ?r\gh & ! mo/ un-,grecian ( all possible =ms ( art3 & moreov] a fir/-rate n]ve-de/roy]1 d\bly dang]\s = a p giv5 to dr9k+ & rev]+ ! uncle> z a virtue1 namely1 9 its tw(old capacity ( an intoxicat+ & /upefy+ n>cotic4 ,( c\rse1 ap>t f all precipitate hopes & faulty applications to matt]s specially mod]n1 ) :i* ,i !n spoil$ my fir/ book1 ! great ,dionysian note ( int]rogation1 z set d[n !re91 cont9ues /&+ on & on1 ev5 ) ref]5ce to music3 h[ mu/ we conceive ( a music1 :i* is no long] ( ,romantic orig91 l ! ,g]man2 b ( ,dionysian8444 #g4 --,b1 my de> ,sir1 if y\r book is n ,romanticism1 :at 9 ! _w is8 ,c ! deep hatr$ ( ! pres5t1 ( reality & mod]n ideas be pu%$ f>!r ?an has be5 done 9 y\r arti/-metaphysics8--:i* w\ld r believe 9 ,no?+1 or 9 ! devil1 ?an 9 ! ,n[8 ,does n a radical bass ( wra? & annihilative pleasure gr[l on b5ea? all y\r contrapuntal vocal art & aural s$uction1 a mad det]m9ation to oppose all t n[ is1 a w :i* is n s v f> remov$ f practical nihilism & :i* seems to say3 r let no?+ be true1 ?an t y %\ld be 9 ! "r1 ?an t y\r tru? %\ld prevail6 ,he>1 y\rself1 my de> ,sir ,pessimi/ & art-deifi]1 ) ev] s unlock$ e>s1 a s+le select passage ( y\r own book1 t n ineloqu5t dragon-slay] passage1 :i* may s\nd insidi\sly rat-*>m+ to "y e>s & he>ts4 ,:at8 is n t ! true blue romantici/-confession ( #ahcj "u ! mask ( ! pessimism ( #ahej8 ,aft] :i*1 ( c\rse1 ! usual romantici/ f9ale at once /rikes up1--rupture1 collapse1 return & pro/ration be=e an old belief1 be=e ! old ,god4444 ,:at8 is n y\r pessimi/ book itself a piece ( anti-,hell5ism & ,romanticism1 some?+ equally intoxicat+ & befogg+1 a n>cotic at all ev5ts1 ay1 a piece ( music1 ( ,g]man music8 ,b li/53 ,let u imag9e a ris+ g5]ation ) ?is undaunt$ness ( vision1 ) ?is h]oic impulse t[>ds ! prodigi\s1 let u imag9e ! bold /ep ( ^! dragon-slay]s1 ! pr\d d>+ ) :i* !y turn _! backs on all ! effem9ate doctr9es ( optimism1 9 ord] to live resolutely 9 ! ,:ole & 9 ! ,full3 w\ld x n be necess>y = ! tragic man ( ?is culture1 ) 8 self-discipl9e to e>ne/ness & t]ror1 to desire a new art1 ! art ( metaphysical com=t1 trag$y z ! ,hel5a belong+ to him1 & t he %\ld exclaim ) ,fau/3 ,und sollt i* ni*t1 sehns*tig/] ,gewalt1 ,9's ,leb5 ziehn die e9zig/e ,ge/alt8#a ,w\ld x n be necess>y8 444 ,no1 ?rice no6 ye "y romantici/s3 x w\ld n be necess>y6 ,b x is v probable1 t ?+s may end ?us1 t ye may end ?us1 namely com=t$1 z x is writt51 9 spite ( all self-discipl9e to e>ne/ness & t]ror2 metaphysically com=t$1 9 %ort1 z ,romantici/s are wont to end1 z ,*ri/ians4444 ,no6 ye %\ld fir/ ( all le>n ! art ( e>?ly com=t1 ye %\ld le>n to laugh1 my "y fri5ds1 if ye are at all det]m9$ to rema9 pessimi/s3 if s1 y w p]haps1 z laugh+ ones1 ev5tually s5d all metaphysical com=tism to ! devil--& metaphysics fir/ ( all6 ,or1 to say x 9 ! language ( t ,dionysian ogre1 call$ ,z>a?u/ra3 ,lift up y\r he>ts1 my bre?r51 high1 high]6 ,& d n =get y\r legs6 ,lift up also y\r legs1 ye good danc]s--& bett] /ill if ye /& also on y\r heads6 ,?is cr[n ( ! laught]1 ?is rose-g>l& cr[n--,i myself h put on ?is cr[n2 ,i myself h consecrat$ my laught]4 ,no "o else h ,i f\nd to-day /rong en\gh = ?is4 ,z>a?u/ra ! danc]1 ,z>a?u/ra ! light "o1 :o beckone? ) 8 p9ions1 "o ready = flight1 beckon+ unto all birds1 ready & prep>$1 a blissfully light-spirit$ "o3-- ,z>a?u/ra ! soo?say]1 ,z>a?u/ra ! soo?-laugh]1 no impati5t "o1 no absolute "o1 "o :o love? leaps & side-leaps3 ,i myself h put on ?is cr[n6 ,?is cr[n ( ! laught]1 ?is rose-g>l& cr[n--to y my bre?r5 d ,i ca/ ?is cr[n6 ,laugh+ h ,i consecrat$3 ye high] m51 le>n1 ,i pray y--to laugh6 ,?us spake ,z>a?u/ra1 lxxiii4 #ag1 #ah1 & #bj4 ,,sils-,,m>ia1 ,,ob]5gad91 ,augu/ #ahhf4 #a ,& %all n ,i1 by mightie/ desire1 ,9 liv+ %ape t sole fair =m acquire8 ,,swanwick1 trans4 ( ,fau/4 ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,trag$y ,,f ,,! ,,_s ,,( ,,music ,,=eword ,,to ,,ri*>d ,,wagn]4 ,9 ord] to keep at a di/ance all ! possible scruples1 excitem5ts1 & misund]/&+s to :i* ! ?\ghts ga!r$ 9 ?is essay w give occasion1 consid]+ ! peculi> "* ( our /hetic publicity1 & to be able also to write ! introductory rem>ks ) ! same contemplative delight1 ! impress ( :i*1 z ! petrifaction ( good & elevat+ h\rs1 x be>s on e page1 ,i =m a conception ( ! mom5t :5 y1 my highly hon\r$ fri5d1 w receive ?is essay2 h[ y1 say aft] an ev5+ walk 9 ! w9t] sn[1 w behold ! unb\nd ,prome!us on ! title-page1 read my "n1 & be =?) conv9c$ t1 :atev] ?is essay may conta91 ! au?or has some?+ e>ne/ & impressive to say1 &1 moreov]1 t 9 all 8 m$itations he commun$ ) y z ) "o pres5t & c\ld ?us write only :at befitt$ y\r pres5ce4 ,y w ?us rememb] t x 0 at ! same "t z y\r magnific5t diss]tation on ,bee?ov5 orig9at$1 viz41 amid/ ! horrors & sublimities ( ! w> :i* _h j !n brok5 out1 t ,i collect$ myself = ^! ?\ghts4 ,b ^? p]sons w\ld err1 to :om ?is collection sugge/s no m p]haps ?an ! anti!sis ( patriotic excitem5t & /hetic revelry1 ( gallant e>ne/ness & sportive delight4 ,^u a real p]usal ( ?is essay1 su* read]s w1 r to _! surprise1 discov] h[ e>ne/ is ! ,g]man problem we h to deal )1 :i* we prop]ly place1 z a vortex & turn+-po9t1 9 ! v mid/ ( ,g]man hopes4 ,p]haps1 h[ev]1 ?is same class ( read]s w be %ock$ at see+ an /hetic problem tak5 s s]i\sly1 especially if !y c recognise 9 art no m ?an a m]ry div]sion1 a readily disp5sable c\rt-je/] to ! e>ne/ness ( exi/5ce3 z if no "o 7 aw>e ( ! real mean+ ( ?is confrontation ) ! e>ne/ness ( exi/5ce4 ,^! e>ne/ ones may be in=m$ t ,i am conv9c$ t art is ! highe/ task & ! prop]ly metaphysical activity ( ?is life1 z x is und]/ood by ! man1 to :om1 z my sublime protagoni/ on ?is pa?1 ,i w\ld n[ d$icate ?is essay4 ,,basel1 end ( ! ye> #ahga4 ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,trag$y4 #a4 ,we %all h ga9$ mu* = ! sci5ce ( /hetics1 :5 once we h p]ceiv$ n only by logical inf]5ce1 b by ! imm$iate c]ta9ty ( intuition1 t ! cont9u\s developm5t ( art is b\nd up ) ! duplexity ( ! ,apollonian & ! ,dionysian3 9 l mann] z procreation is dep5d5t on ! duality ( ! sexes1 involv+ p]petual conflicts ) only p]iodically int]v5+ reconciliations4 ,^! names we borr[ f ! ,greeks1 :o disclose to ! intellig5t obs]v] ! pr(\nd my/]ies ( _! view ( art1 n inde$ 9 concepts1 b 9 ! impressively cle> figures ( _! _w ( deities4 ,x is 9 connection ) ,apollo & ,dionysus1 ! two art-deities ( ! ,greeks1 t we le>n t !re exi/$ 9 ! ,grecian _w a wide anti!sis1 9 orig9 & aims1 betwe5 ! art ( ! %ap]1 ! ,apollonian1 & ! non-pla/ic art ( music1 t ( ,dionysus3 bo? ^! s het]og5e\s t5d5cies run p>allel to ea* o!r1 = ! mo/ "p op5ly at v>iance1 & cont9ually incit+ ea* o!r to new & m p[]ful bir?s1 to p]petuate 9 !m ! /rife ( ?is anti!sis1 :i* is b seem+ly bridg$ ov] by _! mutual t]m ,art2 till at la/1 by a metaphysical miracle ( ! ,hell5ic w1 !y appe> pair$ ) ea* o!r1 & ?r\gh ?is pair+ ev5tually g5]ate ! equally ,dionysian & ,apollonian art-"w ( ,attic trag$y4 ,9 ord] to br+ ^! two t5d5cies )9 clos] range1 let u conceive !m fir/ ( all z ! sep>ate art-worlds ( dreaml& & drunk5ness2 betwe5 :i* physiological ph5om5a a contra/ may be obs]v$ analog\s to t exi/+ betwe5 ! ,apollonian & ! ,dionysian4 ,9 dreams1 accord+ to ! conception ( ,lucretius1 ! glori\s div9e figures fir/ appe>$ to ! s\ls ( m51 9 dreams ! great %ap] beheld ! *>m+ corporeal /ructure ( sup]human be+s1 & ! ,hell5ic poet1 if consult$ on ! my/]ies ( poetic inspiration1 w\ld likewise h sugge/$ dreams & w\ld h (f]$ an explanation resembl+ t ( ,hans ,sa*s 9 ! ,mei/]s+]s3-- ,me9 ,freund1 das grad' i/ ,di*t]s ,w]k1 dass er se9 ,trum5 deut' und m]k'4 ,glaubt mir1 des ,m5s*5 wahr/] ,wahn wird ihm im ,traume aufge?an3 all' ,di*tkun/ und ,poet]ei i/ ni*ts als ,wahrtraum-,deut]ei4#a ,! beaute\s appe>ance ( ! dream-worlds1 9 ! production ( :i* e man is a p]fect arti/1 is ! presupposition ( all pla/ic art1 & 9 fact1 z we %all see1 ( an important half ( poetry also4 ,we take delight 9 ! imm$iate appreh5sion ( =m2 all =ms speak to u2 !re is no?+ indiff]5t1 no?+ sup]flu\s4 ,b1 toge!r ) ! highe/ life ( ?is dream-reality we also h1 glimm]+ ?r\gh x1 ! s5sation ( its appe>ance3 su* at lea/ is my exp]i5ce1 z to ! frequ5cy1 ay1 normality ( :i* ,i c\ld adduce _m pro(s1 z also ! say+s ( ! poets4 ,inde$1 ! man ( philosophic turn has a =ebod+ t und]nea? ?is reality 9 :i* we live & h our be+1 ano!r & altoge!r diff]5t reality lies conceal$1 & t !re=e x is also an appe>ance2 & ,s*op5hau] actually designates ! gift ( occasionally reg>d+ m5 & ?+s z m]e phantoms & dream-pictures z ! crit]ion ( philosophical ability4 ,accord+ly1 ! man susceptible to art /&s 9 ! same relation to ! reality ( dreams z ! philosoph] to ! reality ( exi/5ce2 he is a close & will+ obs]v]1 = f ^! pictures he reads ! mean+ ( life1 & by ^! processes he tra9s himself = life4 ,& x is p]haps n only ! agreeable & fri5dly pictures t he realises 9 himself ) su* p]fect und]/&+3 ! e>ne/1 ! tr\bl$1 ! dre>y1 ! gloomy1 ! sudd5 *ecks1 ! tricks ( =tune1 ! uneasy pres5tim5ts1 9 %ort1 ! :ole ,div9e ,com$y ( life1 & ! ,inf]no1 also pass be=e him1 n m]ely l pictures on ! wall--= he too lives & suff]s 9 ^! sc5es1--& yet n )\t t fleet+ s5sation ( appe>ance4 ,& p]haps _m a "o w1 l myself1 recollect hav+ sometimes call$ out *e]+ly & n )\t success amid ! dang]s & t]rors ( dream-life3 ,x is a dream6 ,i w dream on6 ,i h likewise be5 told ( p]sons capable ( cont9u+ ! causality ( "o & ! same dream = ?ree & ev5 m successive nights3 all ( :i* facts cle>ly te/ify t our inn]mo/ be+1 ! common sub/ratum ( all ( u1 exp]i5ces our dreams ) deep joy & *e]ful acquiesc5ce4 ,?is *e]ful acquiesc5ce 9 ! dream-exp]i5ce has likewise be5 embodi$ by ! ,greeks 9 _! ,apollo3 = ,apollo1 z ! god ( all %ap+ en]gies1 is also ! soo?say+ god4 ,he1 :o 7z ! etymology ( ! "n indicates7 is ! %9+ "o1 ! deity ( light1 also rules ov] ! fair appe>ance ( ! inn] _w ( fantasies4 ,! high] tru?1 ! p]fection ( ^! /ates 9 contra/ to ! only p>tially intelligible ev]yday _w1 ay1 ! deep consci\sness ( nature1 heal+ & help+ 9 sleep & dream1 is at ! same "t ! symbolical analogue ( ! faculty ( soo?say+ &1 9 g5]al1 ( ! arts1 ?r\gh :i* life is made possible & wor? liv+4 ,b also t delicate l9e1 :i* ! dream-picture mu/ n ov]/ep--le/ x act pa?ologically 79 :i* case appe>ance1 be+ reality pure & simple1 w\ld impose ^u u7--mu/ n be want+ 9 ! picture ( ,apollo3 t measur$ limitation1 t fre$om f ! wild] emotions1 t philosophical calmness ( ! sculptor-god4 ,8 eye mu/ be sunlike1 accord+ to 8 orig92 ev5 :5 x is angry & looks displeas$1 ! sacr$ness ( 8 beaute\s appe>ance is /ill !re4 ,& s we might apply to ,apollo1 9 an ecc5tric s5se1 :at ,s*op5hau] says ( ! man wrapt 9 ! veil ( ,my#b3 ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung1 ,i4 p4 #daf3 ,j z 9 a /ormy sea1 unb\nd$ 9 e direction1 ris+ & fall+ ) h[l+ m\nta9\s waves1 a sailor sits 9 a boat & tru/s 9 8 frail b>que3 s 9 ! mid/ ( a _w ( sorr[s ! individual sits quietly support$ by & tru/+ 9 8 pr9cipium individuationis4 ,inde$1 we might say ( ,apollo1 t 9 him ! un%ak5 fai? 9 ?is pr9cipium & ! quiet sitt+ ( ! man wrapt !re9 h receiv$ _! sublime/ expression2 & we might ev5 designate ,apollo z ! glori\s div9e image ( ! pr9cipium individuationis1 f out ( ! ge/ures & looks ( :i* all ! joy & wisdom ( appe>ance1 toge!r ) its beauty1 speak to u4 ,9 ! same "w ,s*op5hau] has describ$ to u ! /up5d\s awe :i* seizes ^u man1 :5 ( a sudd5 he is at a loss to acc\nt = ! cognitive =ms ( a ph5om5on1 9 t ! pr9ciple ( reason1 9 "s "o ( its manife/ations1 seems to admit ( an exception4 ,add to ?is awe ! blissful ec/asy :i* rises f ! inn]mo/ dep?s ( man1 ay1 ( nature1 at ?is same collapse ( ! pr9cipium individuationis1 & we %all ga9 an insight into ! be+ ( ! ,dionysian1 :i* is br\ght )9 close/ k5 p]haps by ! analogy ( drunk5ness4 ,x is ei!r "u ! influ5ce ( ! n>cotic draught1 ( :i* ! hymns ( all primitive m5 & peoples tell u1 or by ! p[]ful approa* ( spr+ p5etrat+ all nature ) joy1 t ^? ,dionysian emotions awake1 9 ! augm5tation ( :i* ! subjective vani%es to complete self-=getfulness4 ,s also 9 ! ,g]man ,middle ,ages s++ & danc+ cr[ds1 ev] increas+ 9 numb]1 7 borne f place to place "u ?is same ,dionysian p[]4 ,9 ^! ,/4 ,john's & ,/4 ,vitus's danc]s we aga9 p]ceive ! ,bac*ic *oruses ( ! ,greeks1 ) _! previ\s hi/ory 9 ,asia ,m9or1 z f> back z ,babylon & ! orgia/ic ,saca4 ,!re are "s1 :o1 f lack ( exp]i5ce or obtus5ess1 w turn away f su* ph5om5a z folk-diseases ) a smile ( contempt or pity prompt$ by ! consci\sness ( _! own heal?3 ( c\rse1 ! poor wret*es d n div9e :at a cadav]\s-look+ & gha/ly aspect ?is v heal? ( !irs pres5ts :5 ! gl[+ life ( ! ,dionysian revell]s ru%es pa/ !m4 ,"u ! *>m ( ! ,dionysian n only is ! cov5ant betwe5 man & man aga9 e/abli%$1 b also e/rang$1 ho/ile or subjugat$ nature aga9 celebrates h] reconciliation ) h] lo/ son1 man4 ,( h] own accord e>? pr(f]s h] gifts1 & peacefully ! bea/s ( prey approa* f ! des]t & ! rocks4 ,! *>iot ( ,dionysus is b$eck$ ) fl[]s & g>l&s3 pan!rs & tig]s pass b5ea? 8 yoke4 ,*ange ,bee?ov5's jubilee-song into a pa9t+1 &1 if y\r imag9ation be equal to ! occasion :5 ! awe/ruck millions s9k into ! du/1 y w !n be able to approa* ! ,dionysian4 ,n[ is ! slave a free man1 n[ all ! /ubborn1 ho/ile b>ri]s1 :i* necessity1 caprice1 or %ameless fa%ion has set up betwe5 man & man1 are brok5 d[n4 ,n[1 at ! evangel ( cosmic h>mony1 ea* "o feels himself n only unit$1 reconcil$1 bl5d$ ) 8 neighb\r1 b z "o ) him1 z if ! veil ( ,my has be5 torn & 7 n[ m]ely flutt]+ 9 tatt]s be=e ! my/]i\s ,primordial ,unity4 ,9 song & 9 dance man exhibits himself z a memb] ( a high] community1 has =gott5 h[ to walk & speak1 & is on ! po9t ( tak+ a danc+ flight into ! air4 ,8 ge/ures bespeak en*antm5t4 ,ev5 z ! animals n[ talk1 & z ! e>? yields milk & honey1 s also some?+ sup]-natural s\nds =? f him3 he feels himself a god1 he himself n[ walks ab\t en*ant$ & elat$ ev5 z ! gods :om he saw walk+ ab\t 9 8 dreams4 ,man is no long] an arti/1 he has become a "w ( art3 ! arti/ic p[] ( all nature "h reveals itself 9 ! tremors ( drunk5ness to ! highe/ gratification ( ! ,primordial ,unity4 ,! noble/ clay1 ! co/lie/ m>ble1 namely man1 is "h knead$ & cut1 & ! *isel /rokes ( ! ,dionysian _w-arti/ are accompani$ ) ! cry ( ! ,eleus9ian my/]ies3 ,ihr /rzt ni$]1 ,million58 ,ahne/ du d5 ,s*pf]1 ,welt8#c #a ,my fri5d1 j ?is is poet's task3 ,8 dreams to read & to unmask4 ,tru/ me1 illusion's tru?s ?rice seal$ ,9 dream to man w be reveal$4 ,all v]se-craft & poetisation ,is b soo?dream int]pretation4 #b ,cf4 ,_w & ,w z ,idea1 #a4 #dee ff41 trans1 by ,haldane & ,kemp4 #c ,ye b[ 9 ! du/1 oh millions8 ,?y mak]1 mortal1 do/ div9e8 ,cf4 ,s*ill]'s ,hymn to ,joy2 & ,bee?ov51 ,n9? ,symphony4--,,tr4 #b4 ,?us f> we h consid]$ ! ,apollonian & 8 anti!sis1 ! ,dionysian1 z arti/ic p[]s1 :i* bur/ =? f nature h]self1 )\t ! m$iation ( ! human arti/1 & 9 :i* h] art-impulses are satisfi$ 9 ! mo/ imm$iate & direct way3 fir/1 z ! pictorial _w ( dreams1 ! p]fection ( :i* has no connection :atev] ) ! intellectual height or arti/ic culture ( ! unit man1 & aga91 z drunk5 reality1 :i* likewise does n he$ ! unit man1 b ev5 seeks to de/roy ! individual & r$eem him by a my/ic feel+ ( ,on5ess4 ,an5t ^! imm$iate art-/ates ( nature e arti/ is ei!r an imitator1 to wit1 ei!r an ,apollonian1 an arti/ 9 dreams1 or a ,dionysian1 an arti/ 9 ec/asies1 or f9ally--z = in/ance 9 ,greek trag$y--an arti/ 9 bo? dreams & ec/asies3 s we may p]haps picture him1 z 9 8 ,dionysian drunk5ness & my/ical self-abnegation1 lonesome & ap>t f ! revell+ *oruses1 he s9ks d[n1 & h[ n[1 ?r\gh ,apollonian dream-inspiration1 8 own /ate1 i4e41 8 on5ess ) ! primal s\rce ( ! univ]se1 reveals itself to him 9 a symbolical dream-picture4 ,aft] ^! g5]al premis+s & contra/+s1 let u n[ approa* ! ,greeks 9 ord] to le>n 9 :at degree & to :at height ^! art-impulses ( nature 7 develop$ 9 !m3 :]eby we %all be enabl$ to und]/& & appreciate m deeply ! relation ( ! ,greek arti/ to 8 ar*etypes1 or1 accord+ to ! ,ari/otelian expression1 ! imitation ( nature4 ,9 spite ( all ! dream-lit]ature & ! num]\s dream-anecdotes ( ! ,greeks1 we c speak only conjecturally1 ?\gh ) a fair degree ( c]ta9ty1 ( _! dreams4 ,consid]+ ! incr$ibly precise & un]r+ pla/ic p[] ( _! eyes1 z also _! manife/ & s9c]e delight 9 col\rs1 we c h>dly refra9 7to ! %ame ( e "o born lat]7 f assum+ = _! v dreams a logical causality ( l9es & cont\rs1 col\rs & gr\ps1 a sequ5ce ( sc5es resembl+ _! be/ reliefs1 ! p]fection ( :i* w\ld c]ta9ly ju/ify u1 if a comp>ison 7 possible1 9 designat+ ! dream+ ,greeks z ,hom]s & ,hom] z a dream+ ,greek3 9 a deep] s5se ?an :5 mod]n man1 9 respect to 8 dreams1 v5tures to comp>e himself ) ,%akespe>e4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we %\ld n h to speak conjecturally1 if ask$ to disclose ! imm5se gap :i* sep>at$ ! ,dionysian ,greek f ! ,dionysian b>b>ian4 ,f all qu>t]s ( ! ,anci5t ,_w--to say no?+ ( ! mod]n--f ,rome z f> z ,babylon1 we c prove ! exi/5ce ( ,dionysian fe/ivals1 ! type ( :i* be>s1 at be/1 ! same relation to ! ,greek fe/ivals z ! be>d$ satyr1 :o borr[$ 8 "n & attributes f ! goat1 does to ,dionysus himself4 ,9 ne>ly e in/ance ! c5tre ( ^! fe/ivals lay 9 extravagant sexual lic5ti\sness1 ! waves ( :i* ov]:elm$ all family life & its v5]able traditions2 ! v wilde/ bea/s ( nature 7 let loose "h1 includ+ t dete/able mixture ( lu/ & cruelty :i* has always seem$ to me ! g5u9e wit*es' draught4 ,= "s "t1 h[ev]1 x w\ld seem t ! ,greeks 7 p]fectly secure & gu>d$ aga9/ ! fev]i% agitations ( ^! fe/ivals 7--! k ( :i* ent]$ ,greece by all ! *annels ( l& & sea7 by ! figure ( ,apollo himself ris+ "h 9 full pride1 :o c\ld n h held out ! ,gorgon's head to a m dang]\s p[] ?an ?is grotesquely unc\? ,dionysian4 ,x is 9 ,doric art t ?is maje/ically-reject+ attitude ( ,apollo p]petuat$ itself4 ,?is opposition became m prec>i\s & ev5 impossible1 :51 f out ( ! deepe/ root ( ! ,hell5ic nature1 simil> impulses f9ally broke =? & made way = !mselves3 ! ,delphic god1 by a seasonably effect$ reconciliation1 0 n[ cont5t$ ) tak+ ! de/ructive arms f ! h&s ( 8 p[]ful antagoni/4 ,?is reconciliation m>ks ! mo/ important mom5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,greek cult3 :]ev] we turn our eyes we may obs]ve ! revolutions result+ f ?is ev5t4 ,x 0 ! reconciliation ( two antagoni/s1 ) ! %>p dem>cation ( ! b\nd>y-l9es to be !nce=? obs]v$ by ea*1 & ) p]iodical transmission ( te/imonials2--9 reality1 ! *asm 0 n bridg$ ov]4 ,b if we obs]ve h[1 "u ! pressure ( ?is conclusion ( peace1 ! ,dionysian p[] manife/$ itself1 we %all n[ recognise 9 ! ,dionysian orgies ( ! ,greeks1 z comp>$ ) ! ,babylonian ,saca & _! retrogression ( man to ! tig] & ! ape1 ! significance ( fe/ivals ( _w-r$emption & days ( transfiguration4 ,n till !n does nature atta9 h] arti/ic jubilee2 n till !n does ! rupture ( ! pr9cipium individuationis become an arti/ic ph5om5on4 ,t horrible wit*es' draught ( s5suality & cruelty 0 "h p[]less3 only ! curi\s bl5d+ & duality 9 ! emotions ( ! ,dionysian revell]s rem9ds "o ( x--j z m$ic9es rem9d "o ( deadly poisons1--t ph5om5on1 to wit1 t pa9s beget joy1 t jubilation wr+s pa9ful s\nds out ( ! brea/4 ,f ! highe/ joy s\nds ! cry ( horror or ! ye>n+ wail ov] an irretrievable loss4 ,9 ^! ,greek fe/ivals a s5tim5tal trait1 z x 71 breaks =? f nature1 z if %e mu/ sigh ov] h] dismemb]m5t into individuals4 ,! song & pantomime ( su* dually-m9d$ revell]s 0 some?+ new & unhe>d-( 9 ! ,hom]ic-,grecian _w2 & ! ,dionysian music 9 p>ticul> excit$ awe & horror4 ,if music1 z x w\ld seem1 0 previ\sly kn[n z an ,apollonian art1 x 01 /rictly speak+1 only z ! wave-beat ( rhy?m1 ! =mative p[] ( :i* 0 develop$ to ! repres5tation ( ,apollonian conditions4 ,! music ( ,apollo 0 ,doric ar*itectonics 9 tones1 b 9 m]ely sugge/$ tones1 su* z ^? ( ! ci?>a4 ,! v elem5t :i* =ms ! ess5ce ( ,dionysian music 7& h5ce ( music 9 g5]al7 is c>efully exclud$ z un-,apollonian2 namely1 ! ?rill+ p[] ( ! tone1 ! uni=m /ream ( ! melos1 & ! ?or\ghly incomp>able _w ( h>mony4 ,9 ! ,dionysian di?yramb man is incit$ to ! highe/ exaltation ( all 8 symbolic faculties2 some?+ nev] be=e exp]i5c$ /ruggles = utt]ance--! annihilation ( ! veil ( ,my1 ,on5ess z g5ius ( ! race1 ay1 ( nature4 ,! ess5ce ( nature is n[ to be express$ symbolically2 a new _w ( symbols is requir$2 = once ! entire symbolism ( ! body1 n only ! symbolism ( ! lips1 face1 & spee*1 b ! :ole pantomime ( danc+ :i* sets all ! memb]s into rhy?mical motion4 ,!reupon ! o!r symbolic p[]s1 ^? ( music1 9 rhy?mics1 dynamics1 & h>mony1 sudd5ly become impetu\s4 ,to compreh5d ?is collective dis*>ge ( all ! symbolic p[]s1 a man mu/ h already atta9$ t height ( self-abnegation1 :i* wills to express itself symbolically ?r\gh ^! p[]s3 ! ,di?yrambic vot>y ( ,dionysus is !re=e und]/ood only by ^? l himself6 ,) :at a/oni%m5t mu/ ! ,apollonian ,greek h beheld him6 ,) an a/oni%m5t1 :i* 0 all ! great] ! m x 0 m+l$ ) ! %udd]+ suspicion t all ?is 0 9 reality n s v =eign to him1 yea1 t1 l unto a veil1 8 ,apollonian consci\sness only hid ?is ,dionysian _w f 8 view4 #c4 ,9 ord] to compreh5d ?is1 we mu/ take d[n ! arti/ic /ructure1 ( ! ,apollonian culture1 z x 71 /one by /one1 till we behold ! f\ndations on :i* x re/s4 ,"h we obs]ve fir/ ( all ! glori\s ,olympian figures ( ! gods1 /&+ on ! gables ( ?is /ructure1 ^: de$s1 repres5t$ 9 f>-%9+ reliefs1 adorn its friezes4 ,?\gh ,apollo /&s among !m z an individual deity1 side by side ) o!rs1 & )\t claim to priority ( rank1 we mu/ n suff] ?is fact to mislead u4 ,! same impulse :i* embodi$ itself 9 ,apollo has1 9 g5]al1 giv5 bir? to ?is :ole ,olympian _w1 & 9 ?is s5se we may reg>d ,apollo z ! fa!r !re(4 ,:at 0 ! enorm\s ne$ f :i* proce$$ su* an illu/ri\s gr\p ( ,olympian be+s8 ,:osoev]1 ) ano!r religion 9 8 he>t1 approa*es ^! ,olympians & seeks among !m = moral elevation1 ev5 = sanctity1 = incorporeal spiritualisation1 = sympa!tic looks ( love1 w soon be oblig$ to turn 8 back on !m1 disc\rag$ & disappo9t$4 ,"h no?+ sugge/s asceticism1 spirituality1 or duty3 "h only an exub]ant1 ev5 triumphant life speaks to u1 9 :i* ev]y?+ exi/+ is deifi$1 :e!r good or bad4 ,& s ! spectator w p]haps /& q bewild]$ be=e ?is fanta/ic exub]ance ( life1 & ask himself :at magic potion ^! madly m]ry m5 c\ld h us$ = enjoy+ life1 s t1 :]ev] !y turn$ _! eyes1 ,hel5a1 ! ideal image ( _! own exi/5ce float+ 9 sweet s5suality1 smil$ ^u !m4 ,b to ?is spectator1 already turn+ backw>ds1 we mu/ call out3 dep>t n h5ce1 b he> r :at ,greek folk-wisdom says ( ?is same life1 :i* ) su* inexplicable *e]fulness spreads out be=e !e4 ,!re is an anci5t /ory t k+ ,midas hunt$ 9 ! =e/ a long "t = ! wise ,sil5us1 ! companion ( ,dionysus1 )\t captur+ him4 ,:5 at la/ he fell into 8 h&s1 ! k+ ask$ :at 0 be/ ( all & mo/ desirable = man4 ,fix$ & immovable1 ! demon rema9$ sil5t2 till at la/1 =c$ by ! k+1 he broke out ) %rill laught] into ^! words3 ,oh1 wret*$ race ( a day1 *ildr5 ( *ance & mis]y1 :y d ye compel me to say to y :at x 7 mo/ exp$i5t = y n to he>8 ,:at is be/ ( all is = ev] beyond y\r rea*3 n to be born1 n to be1 to be no?+4 ,! second be/ = y1 h[ev]1 is soon to die4 ,h[ is ! ,olympian _w ( deities relat$ to ?is folk-wisdom8 ,ev5 z ! raptur\s vision ( ! tortur$ m>tyr to 8 suff]+s4 ,n[ ! ,olympian magic m\nta9 op5s1 z x 71 to our view & %[s to u its roots4 ,! ,greek knew & felt ! t]rors & horrors ( exi/5ce3 to be able to live at all1 he _h to int]pose ! %9+ dream-bir? ( ! ,olympian _w betwe5 himself & !m4 ,! excessive di/ru/ ( ! titanic p[]s ( nature1 ! ,moira ?ron+ inexorably ov] all k1 ! vulture ( ! great philan?ropi/ ,prome!us1 ! t]rible fate ( ! wise dipus1 ! family curse ( ! ,atrid :i* drove ,ore/es to matricide2 9 %ort1 t entire philosophy ( ! sylvan god1 ) its my?ical exempl>s1 :i* wr\ght ! ru9 ( ! melan*oly ,etruscans--0 aga9 & aga9 surm\nt$ anew by ! ,greeks ?r\gh ! arti/ic middle _w ( ! ,olympians1 or at lea/ veil$ & )drawn f sight4 ,to be able to live1 ! ,greeks _h1 f dire/ necessity1 to create ^! gods3 :i* process we may p]haps picture to ourselves 9 ?is mann]3 t out ( ! orig9al ,titan !>*y ( t]ror ! ,olympian !>*y ( joy 0 evolv$1 by sl[ transitions1 ?r\gh ! ,apollonian impulse to beauty1 ev5 z roses break =? f ?orny bu%es4 ,h[ else c\ld ?is s s5sitive p1 s vehem5t 9 its desires1 s s+ul>ly qualifi$ = suff]+s h endur$ exi/5ce1 if x _h n be5 exhibit$ to !m 9 _! gods1 surr\nd$ ) a high] glory8 ,! same impulse :i* calls art into be+1 z ! complem5t & consummation ( exi/5ce1 s$uc+ to a cont9uation ( life1 caus$ also ! ,olympian _w to arise1 9 :i* ! ,hell5ic w held up be=e itself a transfigur+ mirror4 ,?us d ! gods ju/ify ! life ( man1 9 t !y !mselves live x--! only satisfactory ,!odicy6 ,exi/5ce "u ! bright sun%9e ( su* gods is reg>d$ z t :i* is desirable 9 itself1 & ! real grief ( ! ,hom]ic m5 has ref]5ce to p>t+ f x1 especially to e>ly p>t+3 s t we might n[ say ( !m1 ) a rev]sion ( ! ,sil5ian wisdom1 t to die e>ly is wor/ ( all = !m1 ! second wor/ is--"s day to die at all4 ,if once ! lam5tation is he>d1 x w r+ out aga91 ( ! %ort-liv$ ,a*illes1 ( ! leaf-l *ange & vicissitude ( ! human race1 ( ! decay ( ! h]oic age4 ,x is n unwor?y ( ! greate/ h]o to long = a cont9uation ( life1 ay1 ev5 z a day-lab\r]4 ,s vehem5tly does ! w1 at ! ,apollonian /age ( developm5t1 long = ?is exi/5ce1 s completely at "o does ! ,hom]ic man feel himself ) x1 t ! v lam5tation becomes its song ( praise4 ,"h we mu/ obs]ve t ?is h>mony :i* is s eag]ly contemplat$ by mod]n man1 9 fact1 ?is on5ess ( man ) nature1 to express :i* ,s*ill] introduc$ ! te*nical t]m nave1 is by no means su* a simple1 naturally result+ &1 z x 71 inevitable condition1 :i* mu/ be f\nd at ! gate ( e culture lead+ to a p>adise ( man3 ?is c\ld be believ$ only by an age :i* s\ght to picture to itself ,r\sseau's mile also z an arti/1 & imag9$ x _h f\nd 9 ,hom] su* an arti/ mile1 re>$ at ,nature's bosom4 ,:]ev] we meet ) ! nave 9 art1 x behoves u to recognise ! highe/ effect ( ! ,apollonian culture1 :i* 9 ! fir/ place has always to ov]?r[ "s ,titanic empire & slay mon/]s1 & :i*1 ?r\gh p[]ful dazzl+ repres5tations & pleasurable illusions1 mu/ h triumph$ ov] a t]rible dep? ( _w-contemplation & a mo/ ke5 susceptibility to suff]+4 ,b h[ seldom is ! nave--t complete absorption1 9 ! beauty ( appe>ance--atta9$6 ,& h5ce h[ inexpressibly sublime is ,hom]1 :o1 z unit be+1 be>s ! same relation to ?is ,apollonian folk-culture z ! unit dream-arti/ does to ! dream-faculty ( ! p & ( ,nature 9 g5]al4 ,! ,hom]ic navet c be compreh5d$ only z ! complete triumph ( ! ,apollonian illusion3 x is ! same k9d ( illusion z ,nature s frequ5tly employs to compass h] ends4 ,! true goal is veil$ by a phantasm3 we /ret* out our h&s = ! latt]1 :ile ,nature atta9s ! =m] ?r\gh our illusion4 ,9 ! ,greeks ! w desir$ to contemplate itself 9 ! transfiguration ( ! g5ius & ! _w ( art2 9 ord] to glorify !mselves1 its creatures _h to feel !mselves wor?y ( glory2 !y _h to behold !mselves aga9 9 a high] sph]e1 )\t ?is consummate _w ( contemplation act+ z an imp]ative or reproa*4 ,su* is ! sph]e ( beauty1 9 :i*1 z 9 a mirror1 !y saw _! images1 ! ,olympians4 ,) ?is mirror+ ( beauty ! ,hell5ic w combat$ its tal5t--correlative to ! arti/ic--= suff]+ & = ! wisdom ( suff]+3 &1 z a monum5t ( its victory1 ,hom]1 ! nave arti/1 /&s be=e u4 #d4 ,conc]n+ ?is nave arti/ ! analogy ( dreams w enlight5 u to "s ext5t4 ,:5 we realise to ourselves ! dream]1 z1 9 ! mid/ ( ! illusion ( ! dream-_w & )\t di/urb+ x1 he calls out to himself3 x is a dream1 ,i w dream on2 :5 we mu/ !nce inf] a deep inn] joy 9 dream-contemplation2 :51 on ! o!r h&1 to be at all able to dream ) ?is inn] joy 9 contemplation1 we mu/ h completely =gott5 ! day & its t]rible obtrusiv5ess1 we may1 "u ! direction ( ! dream-read+ ,apollo1 int]pret all ^! ph5om5a to ourselves some:at z foll[s4 ,?\gh x is c]ta9 t ( ! two halves ( life1 ! wak+ & ! dream+1 ! =m] appeals to u z by f> ! m pref]r$1 important1 excell5t & wor?y ( be+ liv$1 inde$1 z t :i* alone is liv$3 yet1 ) ref]5ce to t my/]i\s gr\nd ( our be+ ( :i* we are ! ph5om5on1 ,i %\ld1 p>adoxical z x may seem1 be incl9$ to ma9ta9 ! v opposite e/imate ( ! value ( dream life4 ,= ! m cle>ly ,i p]ceive 9 nature ^? all-p[]ful art impulses1 & 9 !m a f]v5t long+ = appe>ance1 = r$emption ?r\gh appe>ance1 ! m ,i feel myself driv5 to ! metaphysical assumption t ! ,v]ily-,exi/5t & ,primordial ,unity1 z ! ,et]nally ,suff]+ & ,self-,contradictory1 requires ! raptur\s vision1 ! joyful appe>ance1 = its cont9u\s salvation3 :i* appe>ance we1 :o are completely wrapt 9 x & compos$ ( x1 mu/ reg>d z ! ,v]ily ,non-exi/5t1--i4e41 z a p]petual unfold+ 9 "t1 space & causality1--9 o!r words1 z empiric reality4 ,if we !re=e waive ! consid]ation ( our own reality = ! pres5t1 if we conceive our empiric exi/5ce1 & t ( ! _w g5]ally1 z a repres5tation ( ! ,primordial ,unity g5]at$ e mom5t1 we %all !n h to reg>d ! dream z an appe>ance ( appe>ance1 h5ce z a /ill high] gratification ( ! primordial desire = appe>ance4 ,x is = ?is same reason t ! inn]mo/ he>t ( ,nature exp]i5ces t indescribable joy 9 ! nave arti/ & 9 ! nave "w ( art1 :i* is likewise only an appe>ance ( appe>ance4 ,9 a symbolic pa9t+1 ,raphael1 himself "o ( ^! immortal nave ones1 has repres5t$ to u ?is depot5tiat+ ( appe>ance to appe>ance1 ! primordial process ( ! nave arti/ & at ! same "t ( ,apollonian culture4 ,9 8 ,transfiguration1 ! l[] half1 ) ! possess$ boy1 ! despair+ be>]s1 ! helpless1 t]rifi$ disciples1 %[s to u ! reflection ( et]nal primordial pa91 ! sole basis ( ! _w3 ! appe>ance "h is ! c\nt]-appe>ance ( et]nal ,contradiction1 ! fa!r ( ?+s4 ,out ( ?is appe>ance !n arises1 l an ambrosial vap\r1 a visionlike new _w ( appe>ances1 ( :i* ^? wrapt 9 ! fir/ appe>ance see no?+--a radiant float+ 9 pure/ bliss & pa9less ,contemplation beam+ f wide-op5 eyes4 ,"h !re is pres5t$ to our view1 9 ! highe/ symbolism ( art1 t ,apollonian _w ( beauty & its sub/ratum1 ! t]rible wisdom ( ,sil5us1 & we compreh5d1 by intuition1 _! necess>y int]dep5d5ce4 ,apollo1 h[ev]1 aga9 appe>s to u z ! apo!osis ( ! pr9cipium individuationis1 9 :i* alone ! p]petually atta9$ end ( ! ,primordial ,unity1 its r$emption ?r\gh appe>ance1 is consummat$3 he %[s u1 ) sublime attitudes1 h[ ! entire _w ( torm5t is necess>y1 t !reby ! individual may be impell$ to realise ! r$eem+ vision1 & !n1 sunk 9 contemplation !re(1 quietly sit 9 8 fluctuat+ b>que1 9 ! mid/ ( ! sea4 ,?is apo!osis ( individuation1 if x be at all conceiv$ z imp]ative & lay+ d[n precepts1 kn[s b "o law--! individual1 i4e41 ! obs]vance ( ! b\nd>ies ( ! individual1 measure 9 ! ,hell5ic s5se4 ,apollo1 z e?ical deity1 dem&s due proportion ( 8 disciples1 &1 t ?is may be obs]v$1 he dem&s self-k4 ,& ?us1 p>allel to ! /hetic necessity = beauty1 !re run ! dem&s "k ?yself & n too mu*1 :ile presumption & undu5ess are reg>d$ z ! truly ho/ile demons ( ! non-,apollonian sph]e1 h5ce z *>act]i/ics ( ! pre-,apollonian age1 t ( ! ,titans1 & ( ! extra-,apollonian _w1 t ( ! b>b>ians4 ,because ( 8 ,titan-l love = man1 ,prome!us _h to be torn to pieces by vultures2 because ( 8 excessive wisdom1 :i* solv$ ! riddle ( ! ,sph9x1 dipus _h to plunge into a bewild]+ vortex ( mon/r\s crimes3 ?us did ! ,delphic god int]pret ! ,grecian pa/4 ,s also ! effects wr\ght by ! ,dionysian appe>$ titanic & b>b>ic to ! ,apollonian ,greek3 :ile at ! same "t he c\ld n conceal f himself t he too 0 inw>dly relat$ to ^! ov]?r[n ,titans & h]oes4 ,inde$1 he _h to recognise /ill m ?an ?is3 8 entire exi/5ce1 ) all its beauty & mod]ation1 re/$ on a hidd5 sub/ratum ( suff]+ & ( k1 :i* 0 aga9 disclos$ to him by ! ,dionysian4 ,& lo6 ,apollo c\ld n live )\t ,dionysus6 ,! titanic & ! b>b>ic 7 9 ! end n less necess>y ?an ! ,apollonian4 ,& n[ let u imag9e to ourselves h[ ! ec/atic tone ( ! ,dionysian fe/ival s\nd$ 9 ev] m lur+ & bewit*+ /ra9s into ?is artificially conf9$ _w built on appe>ance & mod]ation1 h[ 9 ^! /ra9s all ! undu5ess ( nature1 9 joy1 sorr[1 & k1 ev5 to ! transpi]c+ %riek1 became audible3 let u ask ourselves :at mean+ c\ld be atta*$ to ! psalmodis+ arti/ ( ,apollo1 ) ! phantom h>p-s\nd1 z comp>$ ) ?is demonic folk-song6 ,! muses ( ! arts ( appe>ance pal$ be=e an art :i*1 9 its intoxication1 spoke ! tru?1 ! wisdom ( ,sil5us cri$ woe6 woe6 aga9/ ! *e]ful ,olympians4 ,! individual1 ) all 8 b\nd>ies & due proportions1 w5t "u 9 ! self-oblivion ( ! ,dionysian /ates & =got ! ,apollonian precepts4 ,! ,undu5ess reveal$ itself z tru?1 contradiction1 ! bliss born ( pa91 decl>$ itself b ( ! he>t ( nature4 ,& ?us1 :]ev] ! ,dionysian prevail$1 ! ,apollonian 0 r\t$ & annihilat$4 ,b x is q z c]ta9 t1 :]e ! fir/ assault 0 successfully )/ood1 ! au?ority & maje/y ( ! ,delphic god exhibit$ itself z m rigid & m5ac+ ?an ev]4 ,= ,i c only expla9 to myself ! ,doric /ate & ,doric art z a p]man5t w>-camp ( ! ,apollonian3 only by incessant opposition to ! titanic-b>b>ic nature ( ! ,dionysian 0 x possible = an art s defiantly-prim1 s encompass$ ) bulw>ks1 a tra9+ s w>like & rigor\s1 a con/itution s cruel & rel5tless1 to la/ = any l5g? ( "t4 ,up to ?is po9t we h enl>g$ ^u ! obs]vation made at ! beg9n+ ( ?is essay3 h[ ! ,dionysian & ! ,apollonian1 9 ev] new bir?s succe$+ & mutually augm5t+ "o ano!r1 controll$ ! ,hell5ic g5ius3 h[ f out ! age ( bronze1 ) its ,titan /ruggles & rigor\s folk-philosophy1 ! ,hom]ic _w develops "u ! fo/]+ sway ( ! ,apollonian impulse to beauty1 h[ ?is nave spl5d\r is aga9 ov]:elm$ by ! inbur/+ flood ( ! ,dionysian1 & h[ aga9/ ?is new p[] ! ,apollonian rises to ! au/]e maje/y ( ,doric art & ! ,doric view ( ?+s4 ,if1 !n1 9 ?is way1 9 ! /rife ( ^! two ho/ile pr9ciples1 ! old] ,hell5ic hi/ory falls into f\r great p]iods ( art1 we are n[ driv5 to inquire aft] ! ult]ior purpose ( ^! unfold+s & processes1 unless p]*ance we %\ld reg>d ! la/-atta9$ p]iod1 ! p]iod ( ,doric art1 z ! end & aim ( ^! arti/ic impulses3 & "h ! sublime & highly celebrat$ art-"w ( ,attic trag$y & dramatic di?yramb pres5ts itself to our view z ! common goal ( bo? ^! impulses1 ^: my/]i\s union1 aft] _m & long precursory /ruggles1 f\nd its glori\s consummation 9 su* a *ild1--:i* is at once ,antigone & ,cass&ra4 #e4 ,we n[ approa* ! real purpose ( our inve/igation1 :i* aims at acquir+ a k ( ! ,dionyso-,apollonian g5ius & 8 art-"w1 or at lea/ an anticipatory und]/&+ ( ! my/]y ( ! a=esaid union4 ,"h we %all ask fir/ ( all :]e t new g]m :i* subsequ5tly develop$ into trag$y & dramatic di?yramb fir/ makes itself p]ceptible 9 ! ,hell5ic _w4 ,! anci5ts !mselves supply ! answ] 9 symbolic =m1 :5 !y place ,hom] & ,ar*ilo*us z ! =efa!rs & tor*-be>]s ( ,greek poetry side by side on gems1 sculptures1 etc41 9 ! sure conviction t only ^! two ?or\ghly orig9al compe]s1 f :om a /ream ( fire fl[s ov] ! :ole ( ,greek po/]ity1 %\ld be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,hom]1 ! ag$ dream] sunk 9 himself1 ! type ( ! ,apollonian nave arti/1 beholds n[ ) a/oni%m5t ! impassion$ g5ius ( ! w>like vot>y ( ! muses1 ,ar*ilo*us1 viol5tly toss$ to & fro on ! bill[s ( exi/5ce3 & mod]n /hetics c\ld only add by way ( int]pretation1 t "h ! objective arti/ is confront$ by ! fir/ subjective arti/4 ,b ?is int]pretation is ( little s]vice to u1 because we "k ! subjective arti/ only z ! poor arti/1 & 9 e type & elevation ( art we dem& specially & fir/ ( all ! conque/ ( ! ,subjective1 ! r$emption f ! ego & ! cessation ( e individual w & desire2 inde$1 we f9d x impossible to believe 9 any truly arti/ic production1 h[ev] insignificant1 )\t objectivity1 )\t pure1 int]e/less contemplation4 ,h5ce our /hetics mu/ fir/ solve ! problem z to h[ ! lyri/ is possible z an arti/3 he :o accord+ to ! exp]i5ce ( all ages cont9ually says ,i & s+s (f to u ! entire *romatic scale ( 8 passions & desires4 ,?is v ,ar*ilo*us appals u1 alongside ( ,hom]1 by 8 cries ( hatr$ & scorn1 by ! drunk5 outbur/s ( 8 desire4 ,is n j he !n1 :o has be5 call$ ! fir/ subjective arti/1 ! non-arti/ prop]8 ,b :5ce !n ! rev]5ce :i* 0 %[n to him--! poet--9 v rem>kable utt]ances by ! ,delphic oracle itself1 ! focus ( objective art8 ,s*ill] has enlight5$ u conc]n+ 8 poetic proc$ure by a psy*ological obs]vation1 inexplicable to himself1 yet n app>5tly op5 to any objection4 ,he ackn[l$ges t z ! prep>atory /ate to ! act ( poetis+ he _h n p]haps be=e him or )9 him a s]ies ( pictures ) co-ord9ate causality ( ?\ghts1 b r a musical mood 7,! p]ception ) me is at fir/ )\t a cle> & def9ite object2 ?is =ms itself lat]4 ,a c]ta9 musical mood ( m9d prec$es1 & only aft] ?is does ! poetical idea foll[ ) me47 ,add to ?is ! mo/ important ph5om5on ( all anci5t lyric poetry1 ! union1 reg>d$ ev]y:]e z natural1 ( ! lyri/ ) ! musician1 _! v id5tity1 inde$1--comp>$ ) :i* our mod]n lyric poetry is l ! /atue ( a god )\t a head1--& we may n[1 on ! basis ( our metaphysics ( /hetics set =? above1 int]pret ! lyri/ to ourselves z foll[s4 ,z ,dionysian arti/ he is 9 ! fir/ place become altoge!r "o ) ! ,primordial ,unity1 its pa9 & contradiction1 & he produces ! copy ( ?is ,primordial ,unity z music1 grant+ t music has be5 correctly t]m$ a repetition & a reca/ ( ! _w2 b n[1 "u ! ,apollonian dream-inspiration1 ?is music aga9 becomes visible to him z 9 a symbolic dream-picture4 ,! =mless & intangible reflection ( ! primordial pa9 9 music1 ) its r$emption 9 appe>ance1 !n g5]ates a second mirror+ z a concrete symbol or example4 ,! arti/ has already surr5d]$ 8 subjectivity 9 ! ,dionysian process3 ! picture :i* n[ %[s to him 8 on5ess ) ! he>t ( ! _w1 is a dream-sc5e1 :i* embodies ! primordial contradiction & primordial pa91 toge!r ) ! primordial joy1 ( appe>ance4 ,! ,i ( ! lyri/ s\nds !re=e f ! abyss ( be+3 its subjectivity1 9 ! s5se ( ! mod]n /hetes1 is a fiction4 ,:5 ,ar*ilo*us1 ! fir/ lyri/ ( ! ,greeks1 makes kn[n bo? 8 mad love & 8 contempt to ! daught]s ( ,lycambes1 x is n 8 passion :i* dances be=e u 9 orgia/ic fr5zy3 we see ,dionysus & ! ,mnads1 we see ! drunk5 revell] ,ar*ilo*us sunk d[n to sleep--z ,euripides depicts x 9 ! ,bac*1 ! sleep on ! high ,alp9e pa/ure1 9 ! noonday sun3--& n[ ,apollo approa*es & t\*es him ) ! laurel4 ,! ,dionyso-musical en*antm5t ( ! sleep] n[ emits1 z x 71 picture sp>ks1 lyrical poems1 :i* 9 _! highe/ developm5t are call$ trag$ies & dramatic di?yrambs4 ,! pla/ic arti/1 z also ! epic poet1 :o is relat$ to him1 is sunk 9 ! pure contemplation ( pictures4 ,! ,dionysian musician is1 )\t any picture1 himself j primordial pa9 & ! primordial re-e*o+ !re(4 ,! lyric g5ius is consci\s ( a _w ( pictures & symbols--gr[+ out ( ! /ate ( my/ical self-abnegation & on5ess1--:i* has a col\r+ causality & velocity q diff]5t f t ( ! _w ( ! pla/ic arti/ & epic poet4 ,:ile ! latt] lives 9 ^! pictures1 & only 9 !m1 ) joyful satisfaction1 & nev] gr[s tir$ ( contemplat+ !m ) love1 ev5 9 _! m9ute/ *>act]s1 :ile ev5 ! picture ( ! angry ,a*illes is to him b a picture1 ! angry expression ( :i* he enjoys ) ! dream-joy 9 appe>ance--s t1 by ?is mirror ( appe>ance1 he is gu>d$ aga9/ be+ unifi$ & bl5d+ ) 8 figures2--! pictures ( ! lyri/ on ! o!r h& are no?+ b 8 v self &1 z x 71 only diff]5t projections ( himself1 on acc\nt ( :i* he z ! mov+ c5tre ( ?is _w is entitl$ to say ,i3 only ( c\rse ?is self is n ! same z t ( ! wak+1 empirically real man1 b ! only v]ily exi/5t & et]nal self re/+ at ! basis ( ?+s1 by means ( ! images :]e( ! lyric g5ius sees ?r\gh ev5 to ?is basis ( ?+s4 ,n[ let u suppose t he beholds himself also among ^! images z non-g5ius1 i4e41 8 subject1 ! :ole ?rong ( subjective passions & impulses ( ! w direct$ to a def9ite object :i* appe>s real to him2 if n[ x seems z if ! lyric g5ius & ! alli$ non-g5ius 7 "o1 & z if ! =m] spoke t little ^w ,i ( 8 own accord1 ?is appe>ance w no long] be able to lead u a/ray1 z x c]ta9ly l$ ^? a/ray :o designat$ ! lyri/ z ! subjective poet4 ,9 tru?1 ,ar*ilo*us1 ! passionately inflam$1 lov+ & hat+ man1 is b a vision ( ! g5ius1 :o by ?is "t is no long] ,ar*ilo*us1 b a g5ius ( ! _w1 :o expresses 8 primordial pa9 symbolically 9 ! figure ( ! man ,ar*ilo*us3 :ile ! subjectively will+ & desir+ man1 ,ar*ilo*us1 c nev] at any "t be a poet4 ,x is by no means necess>y1 h[ev]1 t ! lyri/ %\ld see no?+ b ! ph5om5on ( ! man ,ar*ilo*us be=e him z a reflection ( et]nal be+2 & trag$y %[s h[ f> ! vision>y _w ( ! lyri/ may dep>t f ?is ph5om5on1 to :i*1 ( c\rse1 x is mo/ intimately relat$4 ,s*op5hau]1 :o did n %ut 8 eyes to ! difficulty pres5t$ by ! lyri/ 9 ! philosophical contemplation ( art1 ?\ght he _h f\nd a way out ( x1 on :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i _c accompany him2 :ile he alone1 9 8 pr(\nd metaphysics ( music1 held 9 8 h&s ! means :]eby ?is difficulty c\ld be def9itely remov$3 z ,i believe ,i h remov$ x "h 9 8 _s & to 8 hon\r4 ,9 contra/ to our view1 he describes ! peculi> nature ( song z foll[s#d 7,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung1 ,i4 #bie73--;,x is ! subject ( ! w1 i4e41 8 own volition1 :i* fills ! consci\sness ( ! s+]2 (t5 z an unb\nd & satisfi$ desire 7joy71 b /ill m (t5 z a re/rict$ desire 7grief71 always z an emotion1 a passion1 or an agitat$ frame ( m9d4 ,besides ?is1 h[ev]1 & along ) x1 by ! sight ( surr\nd+ nature1 ! s+] becomes consci\s ( himself z ! subject ( pure w-less kn[+1 ! unbrok51 blissful peace ( :i* n[ appe>s1 9 contra/ to ! /ress ( desire1 :i* is always re/rict$ & always ne$y4 ,! feel+ ( ?is contra/1 ?is alt]nation1 is really :at ! song z a :ole expresses & :at pr9cipally con/itutes ! lyrical /ate ( m9d4 ,9 x pure kn[+ comes to u z x 7 to deliv] u f desire & ! /ress !re(3 we foll[1 b only = an in/ant2 = desire1 ! remembrance ( our p]sonal ends1 te>s u anew f peaceful contemplation2 yet ev] aga9 ! next beautiful surr\nd+ 9 :i* ! pure w-less k pres5ts itself to u1 allures u away f desire4 ,!re=e1 9 song & 9 ! lyrical mood1 desire 7! p]sonal int]e/ ( ! ends7 & ! pure p]ception ( ! surr\nd+ :i* pres5ts itself1 are wond]fully m+l$ ) ea* o!r2 connections betwe5 !m are s\ght = & imag9$2 ! subjective disposition1 ! affection ( ! w1 imp>ts its own hue to ! contemplat$ surr\nd+1 & conv]sely1 ! surr\nd+s communicate ! reflex ( _! col\r to ! w4 ,! true song is ! expression ( ! :ole ( ?is m+l$ & divid$ /ate ( m9d4 ,:o c\ld fail to see 9 ?is description t lyric poetry is "h *>act]is$ z an imp]fectly atta9$ art1 :i* seldom & only z x 7 9 leaps arrives at its goal1 inde$1 z a semi-art1 ! ess5ce ( :i* is said to consi/ 9 ?is1 t desire & pure contemplation1 i4e41 ! un/hetic & ! /hetic condition1 are wond]fully m+l$ ) ea* o!r8 ,we ma9ta9 r1 t ?is entire anti!sis1 accord+ to :i*1 z accord+ to "s /&>d ( value1 ,s*op5hau]1 too1 /ill classifies ! arts1 ! anti!sis betwe5 ! subjective & ! objective1 is q out ( place 9 /hetics1 inasmu* z ! subject i4e41 ! desir+ individual :o fur!rs 8 own egoi/ic ends1 c be conceiv$ only z ! adv]s>y1 n z ! orig9 ( art4 ,9 s f> z ! subject is ! arti/1 h[ev]1 he has already be5 releas$ f 8 individual w1 & has become z x 7 ! m$ium1 ?r\gh :i* ! "o v]ily exi/5t ,subject celebrates 8 r$emption 9 appe>ance4 ,= ?is "o ?+ mu/ above all be cle> to u1 to our humiliation & exaltation1 t ! entire com$y ( art is n at all p]=m$1 say1 = our bett]m5t & culture1 & t we are j z little ! true au?ors ( ?is art-_w3 r we may assume ) reg>d to ourselves1 t its true au?or uses u z pictures & arti/ic projections1 & t we h our highe/ dignity 9 our significance z works ( art--= only z an /hetic ph5om5on is exi/5ce & ! _w et]nally ju/ifi$3--:ile ( c\rse our consci\sness ( ?is our specific significance h>dly diff]s f ! k9d ( consci\sness :i* ! soldi]s pa9t$ on canvas h ( ! battle repres5t$ !reon4 ,h5ce all our k ( art is at bottom q illusory1 because1 z kn[+ p]sons we are n "o & id5tical ) ! ,be+ :o1 z ! sole au?or & spectator ( ?is com$y ( art1 prep>es a p]petual ent]ta9m5t = himself4 ,only 9 s f> z ! g5ius 9 ! act ( arti/ic production coalesces ) ?is primordial arti/ ( ! _w1 does he get a glimpse ( ! et]nal ess5ce ( art1 = 9 ?is /ate he is1 9 a m>vell\s mann]1 l ! weird picture ( ! fairy-tale :i* c at w turn its eyes & behold itself2 he is n[ at once subject & object1 at once poet1 actor1 & spectator4 #d ,_w z ,w & ,idea1 ,i4 #cbc1 #d? ed4 ( ,haldane & ,kemp's translation4 ,quot$ ) a few *anges4 #f4 ,) ref]5ce to ,ar*ilo*us1 x has be5 e/abli%$ by critical rese>* t he introduc$ ! folk-song into lit]ature1 &1 on acc\nt !re(1 des]v$1 accord+ to ! g5]al e/imate ( ! ,greeks1 8 unique position alongside ( ,hom]4 ,b :at is ?is popul> folk-song 9 contra/ to ! :olly ,apollonian epos8 ,:at else b ! p]petuum ve/igium ( a union ( ! ,apollonian & ! ,dionysian8 ,its enorm\s diffusion among all peoples1 /ill fur!r enhanc$ by ev] new bir?s1 te/ifies to ! p[] ( ?is arti/ic d\ble impulse ( nature3 :i* leaves its ve/iges 9 ! popul> song 9 l mann] z ! orgia/ic movem5ts ( a p p]petuate !mselves 9 its music4 ,inde$1 "o might also furni% hi/orical pro(s1 t e p]iod :i* is highly productive 9 popul> songs has be5 mo/ viol5tly /irr$ by ,dionysian curr5ts1 :i* we mu/ always reg>d z ! sub/ratum & pr]equisite ( ! popul> song4 ,fir/ ( all1 h[ev]1 we reg>d ! popul> song z ! musical mirror ( ! _w1 z ! ,orig9al melody1 :i* n[ seeks = itself a p>allel dream-ph5om5on & expresses x 9 poetry4 ,melody is !re=e prim>y & univ]sal1 & z su* may admit ( sev]al objectivations1 9 sev]al texts4 ,likewise1 9 ! nave e/imation ( ! p1 x is reg>d$ z by f> ! m important & necess>y4 ,melody g5]ates ! poem out ( itself by an ev]-recurr+ process4 ,! /rophic =m ( ! popul> song po9ts to ! same ph5om5on1 :i* ,i always beheld ) a/oni%m5t1 till at la/ ,i f\nd ?is explanation4 ,any "o :o 9 accordance ) ?is !ory exam9es a collection ( popul> songs1 su* z ,des ,knab5 ,wund]horn1 w f9d innum]able in/ances ( ! p]petually productive melody scatt]+ picture sp>ks all ar\nd3 :i* 9 _! v>iegation1 _! abrupt *ange1 _! mad precipitance1 manife/ a p[] q unkn[n to ! epic appe>ance & its /eady fl[4 ,f ! po9t ( view ( ! epos1 ?is unequal & irregul> pictorial _w ( lyric poetry mu/ be simply condemn$3 & ! solemn epic rhapsodi/s ( ! ,apollonian fe/ivals 9 ! age ( ,t]p&] h c]ta9ly done s4 ,accord+ly1 we obs]ve t 9 ! poetis+ ( ! popul> song1 language is /ra9$ to its utmo/ to imitate music2 & h5ce a new _w ( poetry beg9s ) ,ar*ilo*us1 :i* is fundam5tally oppos$ to ! ,hom]ic4 ,& 9 say+ ?is we h po9t$ out ! only possible relation betwe5 poetry & music1 betwe5 ^w & tone3 ! ^w1 ! picture1 ! concept "h seeks an expression analog\s to music & n[ exp]i5ces 9 itself ! p[] ( music4 ,9 ?is s5se we may discrim9ate betwe5 two ma9 curr5ts 9 ! hi/ory ( ! language ( ! ,greek p1 accord+ z _! language imitat$ ei!r ! _w ( ph5om5a & ( pictures1 or ! _w ( music4 ,"o has only to reflect s]i\sly on ! l+ui/ic diff]5ce ) reg>d to col\r1 syntactical /ructure1 & vocabul>y 9 ,hom] & ,p9d>1 9 ord] to compreh5d ! significance ( ?is contra/2 inde$1 x becomes palpably cle> to u t 9 ! p]iod betwe5 ,hom] & ,p9d> ! orgia/ic flute tones ( ,olympus mu/ h s\nd$ =?1 :i*1 9 an age z late z ,ari/otle's1 :5 music 0 inf9itely m develop$1 transport$ p to drunk5 en?usiasm1 & :i*1 :5 _! influ5ce 0 fir/ felt1 und\bt$ly incit$ all ! poetic means ( expression ( contemporane\s man to imitation4 ,i "h call att5tion to a famili> ph5om5on ( our own times1 aga9/ :i* our /hetics raises _m objections4 ,we aga9 & aga9 h occasion to obs]ve h[ a symphony ( ,bee?ov5 compels ! individual he>]s to use figurative spee*1 ?\gh ! appe>ance pres5t$ by a collocation ( ! diff]5t pictorial _w g5]at$ by a piece ( music may be nev] s fanta/ically div]sifi$ & ev5 contradictory4 ,to practise its small wit on su* compositions1 & to ov]look a ph5om5on :i* is c]ta9ly wor? expla9+1 is q 9 keep+ ) ?is /hetics4 ,inde$1 ev5 if ! tone-poet has spok5 9 pictures conc]n+ a composition1 :5 = in/ance he designates a c]ta9 symphony z ! pa/oral symphony1 or a passage !re9 z ! sc5e by ! brook1 or ano!r z ! m]ry ga!r+ ( ru/ics1 ^! are likewise only symbolical repres5tations born out ( music--& n p]haps ! imitat$ objects ( music--repres5tations :i* c give u no in=mation :atev] conc]n+ ! ,dionysian cont5t ( music1 & :i* 9 fact h no di/9ctive value ( _! own alongside ( o!r pictorical expressions4 ,?is process ( a dis*>ge ( music 9 pictures we h n[ to transf] to "s y\?ful1 l+ui/ically productive p1 to get a notion z to h[ ! /rophic popul> song orig9ates1 & h[ ! entire faculty ( spee* is /imulat$ by ?is new pr9ciple ( imitation ( music4 ,if1 !re=e1 we may reg>d lyric poetry z ! effulguration ( music 9 pictures & concepts1 we c n[ ask3 h[ does music appe> 9 ! mirror ( symbolism & conception8 ,x appe>s z w1 tak+ ! ^w 9 ! ,s*op5hau]ian s5se1 i4e41 z ! anti!sis ( ! /hetic1 purely contemplative1 & passive frame ( m9d4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we mu/ discrim9ate z %>ply z possible betwe5 ! concept ( ess5tiality & ! concept ( ph5om9ality2 = music1 accord+ to its ess5ce1 _c be w1 because z su* x w\ld h to be :olly bani%$ f ! doma9 ( art--= ! w is ! un/hetic-9-itself2--yet x appe>s z w4 ,= 9 ord] to express ! ph5om5on ( music 9 pictures1 ! lyri/ requires all ! /irr+s ( passion1 f ! :isp]+ ( infant desire to ! ro>+ ( madness4 ,"u ! impulse to speak ( music 9 ,apollonian symbols1 he conceives ( all nature1 & himself !re91 only z ! et]nally will+1 desir+1 long+ exi/5ce4 ,b 9 s f> z he int]prets music by means ( pictures1 he himself re/s 9 ! quiet calm ( ,apollonian contemplation1 h[ev] mu* all ar\nd him :i* he beholds ?r\gh ! m$ium ( music is 9 a /ate ( confus$ & viol5t motion4 ,inde$1 :5 he beholds himself ?r\gh ?is same m$ium1 8 own image appe>s to him 9 a /ate ( unsatisfi$ feel+3 8 own will+1 long+1 moan+ & rejoic+ are to him symbols by :i* he int]prets music4 ,su* is ! ph5om5on ( ! lyri/3 z ,apollonian g5ius he int]prets music ?r\gh ! image ( ! w1 :ile he himself1 completely releas$ f ! avidity ( ! w1 is ! pure1 undimm$ eye ( day4 ,our :ole disquisition insi/s on ?is1 t lyric poetry is dep5d5t on ! _s ( music j z music itself 9 its absolute sov]eignty does n require ! picture & ! concept1 b only endures !m z accompanim5ts4 ,! poems ( ! lyri/ c express no?+ :i* has n already be5 conta9$ 9 ! va/ univ]sality & absolut5ess ( ! music :i* compell$ him to use figurative spee*4 ,by no means is x possible = language adequately to r5d] ! cosmic symbolism ( music1 = ! v reason t music /&s 9 symbolic relation to ! primordial contradiction & primordial pa9 9 ! he>t ( ! ,primordial ,unity1 & !re=e symbolises a sph]e :i* is above all appe>ance & be=e all ph5om5a4 ,r %\ld we say t all ph5om5a1 comp>$ ) x1 are b symbols3 h5ce language1 z ! organ & symbol ( ph5om5a1 _c at all disclose ! inn]mo/ ess5ce1 ( music2 language c only be 9 sup]ficial contact ) music :5 x attempts to imitate music2 :ile ! pr(\nde/ significance ( ! latt] _c be br\ght "o /ep ne>] to u by all ! eloqu5ce ( lyric poetry4 #g4 ,we %all n[ h to avail ourselves ( all ! pr9ciples ( art hi!rto consid]$1 9 ord] to f9d our way ?r\gh ! labyr9?1 z we mu/ designate ! orig9 ( ,greek trag$y4 ,i %all n be *>g$ ) absurdity 9 say+ t ! problem ( ?is orig9 has z yet n ev5 be5 s]i\sly /at$1 n to say solv$1 h[ev] (t5 ! flutt]+ tatt]s ( anci5t tradition h be5 sew$ toge!r 9 sundry comb9ations & torn asund] aga94 ,?is tradition tells u 9 ! mo/ unequivocal t]ms1 t trag$y sprang f ! tragic *orus1 & 0 orig9ally only *orus & no?+ b *orus3 & h5ce we feel x our duty to look into ! he>t ( ?is tragic *orus z be+ ! real proto-drama1 )\t 9 ! lea/ cont5t+ ourselves ) curr5t art-phraseology--accord+ to :i* ! *orus is ! ideal spectator1 or repres5ts ! p 9 contra/ to ! regal side ( ! sc5e4 ,! latt] explanatory notion1 :i* s\nds sublime to _m a politician--t ! immutable moral law 0 embodi$ by ! democratic ,a!nians 9 ! popul> *orus1 :i* always c>ries its po9t ov] ! passionate excesses & extravagances ( k+s--may be ev] s =cibly sugge/$ by an obs]vation ( ,ari/otle3 /ill x has no be>+ on ! orig9al =mation ( trag$y1 inasmu* z ! entire anti!sis ( k+ & p1 &1 9 g5]al1 ! :ole politico-social sph]e1 is exclud$ f ! purely religi\s beg9n+s ( trag$y2 b1 consid]+ ! well-kn[n classical =m ( ! *orus 9 s*ylus & ,sophocles1 we %\ld ev5 deem x blasphemy to speak "h ( ! anticipation ( a con/itutional repres5tation ( ! p1 f :i* blasphemy o!rs h n %runk1 h[ev]4 ,! anci5t gov]nm5ts knew ( no con/itutional repres5tation ( ! p 9 praxi1 & x is to be hop$ t !y did n ev5 s mu* z anticipate x 9 trag$y4 ,mu* m celebrat$ ?an ?is political explanation ( ! *orus is ! notion ( ,a4 ,w4 ,s*legel1 :o advises u to reg>d ! *orus1 9 a mann]1 z ! ess5ce & extract ( ! cr[d ( spectators1--z ! ideal spectator4 ,?is view :5 comp>$ ) ! hi/orical tradition t trag$y 0 orig9ally only *orus1 reveals itself 9 its true "*1 z a crude1 unsci5tific1 yet brilliant ass]tion1 :i*1 h[ev]1 has acquir$ its brilliancy only ?r\gh its conc5trat$ =m ( expression1 ?r\gh ! truly ,g]manic bias 9 fav\r ( :atev] is call$ ideal1 & ?r\gh our mom5t>y a/oni%m5t4 ,= we are inde$ a/oni%$ ! mom5t we comp>e our well-kn[n !atrical public ) ?is *orus1 & ask ourselves if x c\ld ev] be possible to idealise some?+ analog\s to ! ,greek *orus out ( su* a public4 ,we tacitly d5y ?is1 & n[ wond] z mu* at ! boldness ( ,s*legel's ass]tion z at ! totally diff]5t nature ( ! ,greek public4 ,= hi!rto we always believ$ t ! true spectator1 be he :o he may1 _h always to rema9 consci\s ( hav+ be=e him a "w ( art1 & n an empiric reality3 :]eas ! tragic *orus ( ! ,greeks is compell$ to recognise real be+s 9 ! figures ( ! /age4 ,! *orus ( ! ,oceanides really believes t x sees be=e x ! ,titan ,prome!us1 & consid]s itself z real z ! god ( ! sc5e4 ,& are we to own t he is ! highe/ & pure/ type ( spectator1 :o1 l ! ,oceanides1 reg>ds ,prome!us z real & pres5t 9 body8 ,& is x *>act]i/ic ( ! ideal spectator t he %\ld run on ! /age & free ! god f 8 torm5ts8 ,we _h believ$ 9 an /hetic public1 & consid]$ ! individual spectator ! bett] qualifi$ ! m he 0 capable ( view+ a "w ( art z art1 t is1 /hetically2 b n[ ! ,s*legelian expression has intimat$ to u1 t ! p]fect ideal spectator does n at all suff] ! _w ( ! sc5es to act /hetically on him1 b corporeo-empirically4 ,oh1 ^! ,greeks6 we h sigh$2 !y w upset our /hetics6 ,b once accu/om$ to x1 we h reit]at$ ! say+ ( ,s*legel1 z (t5 z ! subject ( ! *orus has be5 broa*$4 ,b ! tradition :i* is s explicit "h speaks aga9/ ,s*legel3 ! *orus z su*1 )\t ! /age1--! primitive =m ( trag$y1--& ! *orus ( ideal spectators d n h>monise4 ,:at k9d ( art w\ld t be :i* 0 extract$ f ! concept ( ! spectator1 & :]e( we are to reg>d ! spectator z su* z ! true =m8 ,! spectator )\t ! play is some?+ absurd4 ,we fe> t ! bir? ( trag$y c be expla9$ nei!r by ! high e/eem = ! moral intellig5ce ( ! multitude nor by ! concept ( ! spectator )\t ! play2 & we reg>d ! problem z too deep to be ev5 s mu* z t\*$ by su* sup]ficial modes ( contemplation4 ,an inf9itely m valuable insight into ! signification ( ! *orus _h already be5 display$ by ,s*ill] 9 ! celebrat$ ,preface to 8 ,bride ( ,mess9a1 :]e he reg>d$ ! *orus z a liv+ wall :i* trag$y draws r\nd h]self to gu>d h] f contact ) ! _w ( reality1 & to pres]ve h] ideal doma9 & poetical fre$om4 ,x is ) ?is1 8 *ief weapon1 t ,s*ill] combats ! ord9>y conception ( ! natural1 ! illusion ord9>ily requir$ 9 dramatic poetry4 ,he cont5ds t :ile inde$ ! day on ! /age is m]ely artificial1 ! ar*itecture only symbolical1 & ! metrical dialogue purely ideal 9 "*1 nev]!less an errone\s view /ill prevails 9 ! ma93 t x is n en\gh to tol]ate m]ely z a poetical lic5se t :i* is 9 reality ! ess5ce ( all poetry4 ,! introduction ( ! *orus is1 he says1 ! decisive /ep by :i* w> is decl>$ op5ly & hone/ly aga9/ all naturalism 9 art4--,x is1 me?9ks1 = disp>ag+ ?is mode ( contemplation t our w\ld-be sup]ior age has co9$ ! disda9ful cat*word pseudo-idealism4 ,i fe>1 h[ev]1 t we on ! o!r h& ) our pres5t wor%ip ( ! natural & ! real h l&$ at ! nadir ( all idealism1 namely 9 ! region ( cab9ets ( wax-figures4 ,an art inde$ exi/s also "h1 z 9 c]ta9 novels mu* 9 vogue at pres5t3 b let no "o pe/] u ) ! claim t by ?is art ! ,s*ill]-,goe?ian ,pseudo-idealism has be5 vanqui%$4 ,x is inde$ an ideal doma91 z ,s*ill] rightly p]ceiv$1 ^u--:i* ! ,greek satyric *orus1 ! *orus ( primitive trag$y1 0 wont to walk1 a doma9 rais$ f> above ! actual pa? ( mortals4 ,! ,greek fram$ = ?is *orus ! susp5d$ scaffold+ ( a fictiti\s natural /ate & plac$ !reon fictiti\s natural be+s4 ,x is on ?is f\ndation t trag$y grew up1 & s x c\ld ( c\rse disp5se f ! v fir/ ) a pa9ful portrayal ( reality4 ,yet x is1 n an arbitr>y _w plac$ by fancy betwixt heav5 & e>?2 r is x a _w possess+ ! same reality & tru/wor?9ess t ,olympus ) its dwell]s possess$ = ! believ+ ,hell5e4 ,! satyr1 z be+ ! ,dionysian *ori/1 lives 9 a religi\sly ackn[l$g$ reality "u ! sanction ( ! my? & cult4 ,t trag$y beg9s ) him1 t ! ,dionysian wisdom ( trag$y speaks ?r\gh him1 is j z surpris+ a ph5om5on to u z1 9 g5]al1 ! d]ivation ( trag$y f ! *orus4 ,p]haps we %all get a />t+-po9t = our inquiry1 if ,i put =w>d ! proposition t ! satyr1 ! fictiti\s natural be+1 is to ! man ( culture :at ,dionysian music is to civilisation4 ,conc]n+ ?is latt]1 ,ri*>d ,wagn] says t x is neutralis$ by music ev5 z lamplight by daylight4 ,9 l mann]1 ,i believe1 ! ,greek man ( culture felt himself neutralis$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! satyric *orus3 & ?is is ! mo/ imm$iate effect ( ! ,dionysian trag$y1 t ! /ate & society1 &1 9 g5]al1 ! gaps betwe5 man & man give way to an ov]:elm+ feel+ ( on5ess1 :i* leads back to ! he>t ( nature4 ,! metaphysical com=t1--) :i*1 z ,i h "h intimat$1 e true trag$y dismisses u--t1 9 spite ( ! p]petual *ange ( ph5om5a1 life at bottom is inde/ructibly p[]ful & pleasurable1 ?is com=t appe>s ) corporeal lucidity z ! satyric *orus1 z ! *orus ( natural be+s1 :o live in]adicable z x 7 beh9d all civilisation1 & :o1 9 spite ( ! ceaseless *ange ( g5]ations & ! hi/ory ( nations1 rema9 = ev] ! same4 ,) ?is *orus ! deep-m9d$ ,hell5e1 :o is s s+ul>ly qualifi$ = ! mo/ delicate & sev]e suff]+1 consoles himself3--he :o has glanc$ ) pi]c+ eye into ! v he>t ( ! t]rible de/ructive processes ( s-call$ univ]sal hi/ory1 z also into ! cruelty ( nature1 & is 9 dang] ( long+ = a ,buddhi/ic negation ( ! w4 ,art saves him1 & ?r\gh art life saves him--= h]self4 ,= we mu/ "k t 9 ! rapture ( ! ,dionysian /ate1 ) its annihilation ( ! ord9>y b\nds & limits ( exi/5ce1 !re is a le?>gic elem5t1 :]e9 all p]sonal exp]i5ces ( ! pa/ are subm]g$4 ,x is by ?is gulf ( oblivion t ! ev]yday _w & ! _w ( ,dionysian reality are sep>at$ f ea* o!r4 ,b z soon z ?is ev]yday reality rises aga9 9 consci\sness1 x is felt z su*1 & nauseates u2 an ascetic w-p>alys+ mood is ! fruit ( ^! /ates4 ,9 ?is s5se ! ,dionysian man may be said to resemble ,hamlet3 bo? h = once se5 into ! true nature ( ?+s1--!y h p]ceiv$1 b !y are loa? to act2 = _! action _c *ange ! et]nal nature ( ?+s2 !y reg>d x z %ameful or ridicul\s t "o %\ld require ( !m to set aright ! "t :i* is out ( jo9t4 ,k kills action1 action requires ! veil ( illusion--x is ?is lesson :i* ,hamlet tea*es1 & n ! *eap wisdom ( ,john-a-,dreams :o f too mu* reflection1 z x 7 f a surplus ( possibilities1 does n arrive at action at all4 ,n reflection1 no6--true k1 insight into appall+ tru?1 prepond]ates ov] all motives incit+ to action1 9 ,hamlet z well z 9 ! ,dionysian man4 ,no com=t avails any long]2 8 long+ goes beyond a _w aft] dea?1 beyond ! gods !mselves2 exi/5ce ) its glitt]+ reflection 9 ! gods1 or 9 an immortal o!r _w is abjur$4 ,9 ! consci\sness ( ! tru? he has p]ceiv$1 man n[ sees ev]y:]e only ! awfulness or ! absurdity ( exi/5ce1 he n[ und]/&s ! symbolism 9 ! fate ( ,ophelia1 he n[ disc]ns ! wisdom ( ! sylvan god ,sil5us3 & loa?+ seizes him4 ,"h1 9 ?is extreme/ dang] ( ! w1 art approa*es1 z a sav+ & heal+ en*antress2 %e alone is able to trans=m ^! nauseat+ reflections on ! awfulness or absurdity ( exi/5ce into repres5tations :]e) x is possible to live3 ^! are ! repres5tations ( ! sublime z ! arti/ic subjugation ( ! awful1 & ! comic z ! arti/ic deliv]y f ! nausea ( ! absurd4 ,! satyric *orus ( di?yramb is ! sav+ de$ ( ,greek art2 ! p>oxysms describ$ above sp5t _! =ce 9 ! int]m$i>y _w ( ^! ,dionysian foll[]s4 #h4 ,! satyr1 l ! idyllic %eph]d ( our m rec5t "t1 is ! (fspr+ ( a long+ aft] ! ,primitive & ! ,natural2 b m>k ) :at firmness & fe>lessness ! ,greek embrac$ ! man ( ! woods1 & aga91 h[ coyly & mawki%ly ! mod]n man dalli$ ) ! flatt]+ picture ( a t5d]1 flute-play+1 s(t-natur$ %eph]d6 ,nature1 on :i* z yet no k has be5 at "w1 :i* ma9ta9s unbrok5 b>ri]s to culture--?is is :at ! ,greek saw 9 8 satyr1 :i* /ill 0 n on ?is acc\nt suppos$ to co9cide ) ! ape4 ,on ! contr>y3 x 0 ! ar*etype ( man1 ! embodim5t ( 8 highe/ & /ronge/ emotions1 z ! en?usia/ic revell] enraptur$ ,by ! proximity ( 8 god1 z ! fell[-suff]+ companion 9 :om ! suff]+ ( ! god repeats itself1 z ! h]ald ( wisdom speak+ f ! v dep?s ( nature1 z ! emblem ( ! sexual omnipot5ce ( nature1 :i* ! ,greek 0 wont to contemplate ) rev]5tial awe4 ,! satyr 0 some?+ sublime & godlike3 he c\ld n b appe> s1 especially to ! sad & we>i$ eye ( ! ,dionysian man4 ,he w\ld h be5 (f5d$ by our spuri\s trick$-up %eph]d1 :ile 8 eye dwelt ) sublime satisfaction on ! nak$ & un/unt$ly magnific5t *>act]s ( nature3 "h ! illusion ( culture 0 bru%$ away f ! ar*etype ( man2 "h ! true man1 ! be>d$ satyr1 reveal$ himself1 :o %\ts joyfully to 8 god4 ,be=e him ! cultur$ man %rank to a ly+ c>icature4 ,s*ill] is "r also ) ref]5ce to ^! beg9n+s ( tragic art3 ! *orus is a liv+ bulw>k aga9/ ! onsets ( reality1 because x--! satyric *orus--portrays exi/5ce m tru?fully1 m reali/ically1 m p]fectly ?an ! cultur$ man :o ord9>ily consid]s himself z ! only reality4 ,! sph]e ( poetry does n lie outside ! _w1 l "s fanta/ic impossibility ( a poet's imag9ation3 x seeks to be ! v opposite1 ! unv>ni%$ expression ( tru?1 & mu/ = ?is v reason ca/ aside ! false f9]y ( t suppos$ reality ( ! cultur$ man4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ?is intr9sic tru? ( nature & ! falsehood ( culture1 :i* poses z ! only reality1 is simil> to t exi/+ betwe5 ! et]nal k]nel ( ?+s1 ! ?+ 9 itself1 & ! collective _w ( ph5om5a4 ,& ev5 z trag$y1 ) its metaphysical com=t1 po9ts to ! et]nal life ( ?is k]nel ( exi/5ce1 not)/&+ ! p]petual dissolution ( ph5om5a1 s ! symbolism ( ! satyric *orus already expresses figuratively ?is primordial relation betwe5 ! ?+ 9 itself & ph5om5on4 ,! idyllic %eph]d ( ! mod]n man is b a copy ( ! sum ( ! illusions ( culture :i* he calls nature2 ! ,dionysian ,greek desires tru? & nature 9 _! mo/ pot5t =m2--he sees himself metamorphos$ into ! satyr4 ,! revell+ cr[d ( ! vot>ies ( ,dionysus rejoices1 sway$ by su* moods & p]ceptions1 ! p[] ( :i* trans=ms !m be=e _! own eyes1 s t !y imag9e !y behold !mselves z recon/itut$ g5ii ( nature1 z satyrs4 ,! lat] con/itution ( ! tragic *orus is ! arti/ic imitation ( ?is natural ph5om5on1 :i* ( c\rse requir$ a sep>ation ( ! ,dionysian spectators f ! en*ant$ ,dionysians4 ,h[ev]1 we mu/ nev] lose sight ( ! fact t ! public ( ! ,attic trag$y r$iscov]$ itself 9 ! *orus ( ! or*e/ra1 t !re 0 9 reality no anti!sis ( public & *orus3 = all 0 b "o great sublime *orus ( danc+ & s++ satyrs1 or ( su* z all[$ !mselves to be repres5t$ by ! satyrs4 ,! ,s*legelian obs]vation mu/ "h reveal itself to u 9 a deep] s5se4 ,! *orus is ! ideal spectator#e 9 s f> z x is ! only behold]1#f ! behold] ( ! vision>y _w ( ! sc5e4 ,a public ( spectators1 z kn[n to u1 0 unkn[n to ! ,greeks4 ,9 _! !atres ! t]rac$ /ructure ( ! spectators' space ris+ 9 conc5tric arcs enabl$ e "o1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 to ov]look ! entire _w ( culture ar\nd him1 & 9 surfeit$ contemplation to imag9e himself a *ori/4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 !n1 we may call ! *orus 9 its primitive /age 9 proto-trag$y1 a self-mirror+ ( ! ,dionysian man3 a ph5om5on :i* may be be/ exemplifi$ by ! process ( ! actor1 :o1 if he be truly gift$1 sees hov]+ be=e 8 eyes ) almo/ tangible p]ceptibility ! "* he is to repres5t4 ,! satyric *orus is fir/ ( all a vision ( ! ,dionysian ?rong1 j z ! _w ( ! /age is1 9 turn1 a vision ( ! satyric *orus3 ! p[] ( ?is vision is great en\gh to r5d] ! eye dull & ins5sible to ! impression ( reality1 to ! pres5ce ( ! cultur$ m5 occupy+ ! ti]s ( seats on e side4 ,! =m ( ! ,greek !atre rem9ds "o ( a lonesome m\nta9-valley3 ! ar*itecture ( ! sc5e appe>s l a lum9\s cl\d-picture :i* ! ,bac*ants sw>m+ on ! m\nta9s behold f ! heights1 z ! spl5did encirclem5t 9 ! mid/ ( :i* ! image ( ,dionysus is reveal$ to !m4 ,ow+ to our le>n$ conception ( ! elem5t>y arti/ic processes1 ?is arti/ic proto-ph5om5on1 :i* is "h introduc$ to expla9 ! tragic *orus1 is almo/ %ock+3 :ile no?+ c be m c]ta9 ?an t ! poet is a poet only 9 t he beholds himself surr\nd$ by =ms :i* live & act be=e him1 into ! inn]mo/ be+ ( :i* 8 glance p5etrates4 ,by reason ( a /range defeat 9 our capacities1 we mod]n m5 are apt to repres5t to ourselves ! /hetic proto-ph5om5on z too complex & ab/ract4 ,= ! true poet ! metaphor is n a rhetorical figure1 b a vic>i\s image :i* actually hov]s be=e him 9 place ( a concept4 ,! "* is n = him an aggregate compos$ ( a /udi$ collection ( p>ticul> traits1 b an irrepressibly live p]son appe>+ be=e 8 eyes1 & diff]+ only f ! correspond+ vision ( ! pa9t] by its ev] cont9u$ life & action4 ,:y is x t ,hom] sket*es mu* m vividly#g ?an all ! o!r poets8 ,because he contemplates#h mu* m4 ,we talk s ab/ractly ab\t poetry1 because we are all wont to be bad poets4 ,at bottom ! /hetic ph5om5on is simple3 let a man b h ! faculty ( p]petually see+ a lively play & ( con/antly liv+ surr\nd$ by ho/s ( spirits1 !n he is a poet3 let him b feel ! impulse to trans=m himself & to talk f out ! bodies & s\ls ( o!rs1 !n he is a dramati/4 ,! ,dionysian excitem5t is able to imp>t to a :ole mass ( m5 ?is arti/ic faculty ( see+ !mselves surr\nd$ by su* a ho/ ( spirits1 ) :om !y "k !mselves to be inw>dly "o4 ,?is function ( ! tragic *orus is ! dramatic proto-ph5om5on3 to see "o's self trans=m$ be=e "o's self1 & !n to act z if "o _h really ent]$ into ano!r body1 into ano!r "*4 ,?is function /&s at ! beg9n+ ( ! developm5t ( ! drama4 ,"h we h some?+ diff]5t f ! rhapsodi/1 :o does n bl5d ) 8 pictures1 b only sees !m1 l ! pa9t]1 ) contemplative eye outside ( him2 "h we actually h a surr5d] ( ! individual by 8 ent]+ into ano!r nature4 ,moreov] ?is ph5om5on appe>s 9 ! =m ( an epidemic3 a :ole ?rong feels itself metamorphos$ 9 ?is wise4 ,h5ce x is t ! di?yramb is ess5tially diff]5t f e o!r v>iety ( ! *oric song4 ,! virg9s1 :o ) laurel twigs 9 _! h&s solemnly proce$ to ! temple ( ,apollo & s+ a processional hymn1 rema9 :at !y are & reta9 _! civic names3 ! di?yrambic *orus is a *orus ( trans=m$ be+s1 ^: civic pa/ & social rank are totally =gott53 !y h become ! timeless s]vants ( _! god t live alo( f all ! sph]es ( society4 ,e o!r v>iety ( ! *oric lyric ( ! ,hell5es is b an enorm\s enhancem5t ( ! ,apollonian unit-s+]3 :ile 9 ! di?yramb we h be=e u a community ( unconsci\s actors1 :o mutually reg>d !mselves z trans=m$ among "o ano!r4 ,?is en*antm5t is ! pr]equisite ( all dramatic art4 ,9 ?is en*antm5t ! ,dionysian revell] sees himself z a satyr1 & z satyr he 9 turn beholds ! god1 t is1 9 8 trans=mation he sees a new vision outside him z ! ,apollonian consummation ( 8 /ate4 ,) ?is new vision ! drama is complete4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 we mu/ und]/& ,greek trag$y z ! ,dionysian *orus1 :i* always disburd5s itself anew 9 an ,apollonian _w ( pictures4 ,! *oric p>ts1 !re=e1 ) :i* trag$y is int]lac$1 are 9 a mann] ! "m-womb ( ! entire s-call$ dialogue1 t is1 ( ! :ole /age-_w1 ( ! drama prop]4 ,9 sev]al successive outbur/s does ?is primordial basis ( trag$y beam =? ! vision ( ! drama1 :i* is a dream-ph5om5on ?r\gh\t1 &1 z su*1 epic 9 "*3 on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 z objectivation ( a ,dionysian /ate1 x does n repres5t ! ,apollonian r$emption 9 appe>ance1 b1 conv]sely1 ! dissolution ( ! individual & 8 unification ) primordial exi/5ce4 ,accord+ly1 ! drama is ! ,apollonian embodim5t ( ,dionysian p]ceptions & influ5ces1 & is !reby sep>at$ f ! epic z by an imm5se gap4 ,! *orus ( ,greek trag$y1 ! symbol ( ! mass ( ! p mov$ by ,dionysian excitem5t1 is ?us fully expla9$ by our conception ( x z "h set =?4 ,:]eas1 be+ accu/om$ to ! position ( a *orus on ! mod]n /age1 especially an op]atic *orus1 we c\ld nev] compreh5d :y ! tragic *orus ( ! ,greeks %\ld be old]1 m primitive1 inde$1 m important ?an ! action prop]1--z has be5 s pla9ly decl>$ by ! voice ( tradition2 :]eas1 fur!rmore1 we c\ld n reconcile ) ?is traditional p>am\nt importance & primitiv5ess ! fact ( ! *orus' be+ compos$ only ( humble1 m9i/]+ be+s2 inde$1 at fir/ only ( goatlike satyrs2 :]eas1 f9ally1 ! or*e/ra be=e ! sc5e 0 always a riddle to u2 we h le>n$ to compreh5d at l5g? t ! sc5e1 toge!r ) ! action1 0 fundam5tally & orig9ally conceiv$ only z a vision1 t ! only reality is j ! *orus1 :i* ( itself g5]ates ! vision & speaks !re( ) ! entire symbolism ( danc+1 tone1 & ^w4 ,?is *orus beholds 9 ! vision its "l & ma/] ,dionysus1 & is ?us = ev] ! s]v+ *orus3 x sees h[ he1 ! god1 suff]s & glorifies himself1 & !re=e does n itself act4 ,b ?\gh its attitude t[>ds ! god is ?r\gh\t ! attitude ( m9i/ration1 ?is is nev]!less ! highe/ expression1 ! ,dionysian expression ( ,nature1 & !re=e1 l ,nature h]self1 ! *orus utt]s oracles & wise say+s :5 transport$ ) en?usiasm3 z fell[-suff]] x is also ! sage proclaim+ tru? f out ! he>t ( ,nature4 ,?us1 !n1 orig9ates ! fanta/ic figure1 :i* seems s %ock+1 ( ! wise & en?usia/ic satyr1 :o is at ! same "t ! dumb man 9 contra/ to ! god3 ! image ( ,nature & h] /ronge/ impulses1 yea1 ! symbol ( ,nature1 & at ! same "t ! h]ald ( h] art & wisdom3 musician1 poet1 danc]1 & vision>y 9 "o p]son4 ,agreeably to ?is view1 & agreeably to tradition1 ,dionysus1 ! prop] /age-h]o & focus ( vision1 is n at fir/ actually pres5t 9 ! olde/ p]iod ( trag$y1 b is only imag9$ z pres5t3 i4e41 trag$y is orig9ally only *orus & n drama4 ,lat] on ! attempt is made to exhibit ! god z real & to display ! vision>y figure toge!r ) its glorify+ encirclem5t be=e ! eyes ( all2 x is "h t ! drama 9 ! n>r[ s5se ( ! t]m beg9s4 ,to ! di?yrambic *orus is n[ assign$ ! task ( excit+ ! m9ds ( ! he>]s to su* a pit* ( ,dionysian fr5zy1 t1 :5 ! tragic h]o appe>s on ! /age1 !y d n behold 9 him1 say1 ! un%apely mask$ man1 b a vision>y figure1 born z x 7 ( _! own ec/asy4 ,let u picture ,admetes ?9k+ 9 pr(\nd m$itation ( 8 lately dep>t$ wife ,alce/is1 & q consum+ himself 9 spiritual contemplation !re(--:5 sudd5ly ! veil$ figure ( a woman resembl+ h] 9 =m & gait is l$ t[>ds him3 let u picture 8 sudd5 trembl+ anxiety1 8 agitat$ comp>isons1 8 in/9ctive conviction--& we %all h an analogon to ! s5sation ) :i* ! spectator1 excit$ to ,dionysian fr5zy1 saw ! god approa*+ on ! /age1 a god ) ^: suff]+s he _h already become id5tifi$4 ,he involunt>ily transf]r$ ! entire picture ( ! god1 flutt]+ magically be=e 8 s\l1 to ?is mask$ figure & resolv$ its reality z x 7 into a phantasmal unreality4 ,?is is ! ,apollonian dream-/ate1 9 :i* ! _w ( day is veil$1 & a new _w1 cle>]1 m intelligible1 m /rik+ ?an ! =m]1 & nev]!less m %ad[y1 is ev] born anew 9 p]petual *ange be=e our eyes4 ,we accord+ly recognise 9 trag$y a ?or\gh-go+ /yli/ic contra/3 ! language1 col\r1 flexibility & dynamics ( ! dialogue fall ap>t 9 ! ,dionysian lyrics ( ! *orus on ! "o h&1 & 9 ! ,apollonian dream-_w ( ! sc5e on ! o!r1 into entirely sep>ate sph]es ( expression4 ,! ,apollonian appe>ances1 9 :i* ,dionysus objectifies himself1 are no long] e9 ewiges ,me]1 e9 we*selnd ,web51 e9 glh5d ,leb51#i z is ! music ( ! *orus1 !y are no long] ! =ces m]ely felt1 b n cond5s$ into a picture1 by :i* ! inspir$ vot>y ( ,dionysus div9es ! proximity ( 8 god3 ! cle>ness & firmness ( epic =m n[ speak to him f ! sc5e1 ,dionysus n[ no long] speaks ?r\gh =ces1 b z an epic h]o1 almo/ 9 ! language ( ,hom]4 #e ,zus*au]4 #f ,s*au]4 #g ,ans*auli*]4 #h ,ans*aut4 #i ,an et]nal sea1 ,a weav+1 fl[+1 ,life1 all gl[+4 ,fau/1 trans4 ( ,bay>d ,taylor4--,,tr4 #i4 ,:atev] rises to ! surface 9 ! dialogue ( ! ,apollonian "p ( ,greek trag$y1 appe>s simple1 transp>5t1 beautiful4 ,9 ?is s5se ! dialogue is a copy ( ! ,hell5e1 ^: nature reveals itself 9 ! dance1 because 9 ! dance ! greate/ en]gy is m]ely pot5tial1 b betrays itself nev]!less 9 flexible & vivaci\s movem5ts4 ,! language ( ! ,sophoclean h]oes1 = in/ance1 surprises u by its ,apollonian precision & cle>ness1 s t we at once imag9e we see into ! inn]mo/ recesses ( _! be+1 & m>vel n a little t ! way to ^! recesses is s %ort4 ,b if = ! mom5t we disreg>d ! "* ( ! h]o :i* rises to ! surface & gr[s visible--& :i* at bottom is no?+ b ! light-picture ca/ on a d>k wall1 t is1 appe>ance ?r\gh & ?r\gh1--if r we ent] into ! my? :i* projects itself 9 ^! bright mirror+s1 we %all ( a sudd5 exp]i5ce a ph5om5on :i* be>s a rev]se relation to "o famili> 9 optics4 ,:51 aft] a vigor\s ef=t to gaze into ! sun1 we turn away bl9d$1 we h d>k-col\r$ spots be=e our eyes z re/oratives1 s to speak2 :ile1 on ! contr>y1 ^? light-picture ph5om5a ( ! ,sophoclean h]o1--9 %ort1 ! ,apollonian ( ! mask1--are ! necess>y productions ( a glance into ! secret & t]rible ?+s ( nature1 z x 7 %9+ spots to heal ! eye :i* dire night has se>$4 ,only 9 ?is s5se c we hope to be able to grasp ! true mean+ ( ! s]i\s & significant notion ( ,greek *e]fulness2 :ile ( c\rse we enc\nt] ! misund]/ood notion ( ?is *e]fulness1 z result+ f a /ate ( un5dang]$ com=t1 on all ! ways & pa?s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,! mo/ sorr[ful figure ( ! ,greek /age1 ! hapless dipus1 0 und]/ood by ,sophocles z ! noble man1 :o 9 spite ( 8 wisdom 0 de/9$ to error & mis]y1 b nev]!less ?r\gh 8 extraord9>y suff]+s ultimately ex]t$ a magical1 :olesome influ5ce on all ar\nd him1 :i* cont9ues effective ev5 aft] 8 dea?4 ,! noble man does n s92 ?is is :at ! ?\ghtful poet wi%es to tell u3 all laws1 all natural ord]1 yea1 ! moral _w itself1 may be de/roy$ ?r\gh 8 action1 b ?r\gh ?is v action a high] magic circle ( influ5ces is br\ght into play1 :i* e/abli% a new _w on ! ru9s ( ! old t has be5 ov]?r[n4 ,?is is :at ! poet1 9 s f> z he is at ! same "t a religi\s ?9k]1 wi%es to tell u3 z poet1 he %[s u fir/ ( all a wond]fully complicat$ legal my/]y1 :i* ! judge sl[ly unravels1 l9k by l9k1 to 8 own de/ruction4 ,! truly ,hell5ic delight at ?is dialectical loos5+ is s great1 t a t\* ( surpass+ *e]fulness is !reby communicat$ to ! entire play1 :i* ev]y:]e blunts ! edge ( ! horrible presuppositions ( ! proc$ure4 ,9 ! dipus at ,colonus we f9d ! same *e]fulness1 elevat$1 h[ev]1 to an inf9ite transfiguration3 9 contra/ to ! ag$ k+1 subject$ to an excess ( mis]y1 & expos$ solely z a suff]] to all t befalls him1 we h "h a sup]mundane *e]fulness1 :i* desc5ds f a div9e sph]e & intimates to u t 9 8 purely passive attitude ! h]o atta9s 8 highe/ activity1 ! influ5ce ( :i* ext5ds f> beyond 8 life1 :ile 8 e>li] consci\s mus+ & /riv+ l$ him only to passivity4 ,?us1 !n1 ! legal knot ( ! fable ( dipus1 :i* to mortal eyes appe>s indissolubly entangl$1 is sl[ly unravell$--& ! pr(\nde/ human joy comes ^u u 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is div9e c\nt]p>t ( dialectics4 ,if ?is explanation does ju/ice to ! poet1 x may /ill be ask$ :e!r ! sub/ance ( ! my? is !reby exhau/$2 & "h x turns out t ! entire conception ( ! poet is no?+ b ! light-picture :i* heal+ nature holds up to u aft] a glance into ! abyss4 dipus1 ! murd]] ( 8 fa!r1 ! husb& ( 8 "m1 dipus1 ! int]pret] ( ! riddle ( ! ,sph9x6 ,:at does ! my/]i\s triad ( ^! de$s ( de/9y tell u8 ,!re is a primitive popul> belief1 especially 9 ,p]sia1 t a wise ,magian c be born only ( ince/3 :i* we h =?) to int]pret to ourselves ) ref]5ce to ! riddle-solv+ & "m-m>ry+ dipus1 to ! effect t :5 ! b\nd>y ( ! pres5t & future1 ! rigid law ( individuation &1 9 g5]al1 ! intr9sic spell ( nature1 are brok5 by prophetic & magical p[]s1 an extraord9>y c\nt]-naturalness--z1 9 ?is case1 ince/--mu/ h prec$$ z a cause2 = h[ else c\ld "o =ce nature to surr5d] h] secrets b by victori\sly oppos+ h]1 i4e41 by means ( ! ,unnatural8 ,x is ?is intuition :i* ,i see impr9t$ 9 ! awful triad ( ! de/9y ( dipus3 ! v man :o solves ! riddle ( nature--t d\ble-con/itut$ ,sph9x--mu/ also1 z ! murd]] ( 8 fa!r & husb& ( 8 "m1 break ! holie/ laws ( nature4 ,inde$1 x seems z if ! my? s\ght to :isp] into our e>s t wisdom1 especially ,dionysian wisdom1 is an unnatural abom9ation1 & t :oev]1 ?r\gh 8 k1 plunges nature into an abyss ( annihilation1 mu/ also exp]i5ce ! dissolution ( nature 9 himself4 ,! %>pness ( wisdom turns r\nd ^u ! sage3 wisdom is a crime aga9/ nature3 su* t]rible expressions does ! my? call out to u3 b ! ,hell5ic poet t\*es l a sunbeam ! sublime & =midable ,memnonian /atue ( ! my?1 s t x sudd5ly beg9s to s\nd--9 ,sophoclean melodies4 ,) ! glory ( passivity ,i n[ contra/ ! glory ( activity :i* illum9ates ! ,prome!us ( s*ylus4 ,t :i* s*ylus ! ?9k] _h to tell u "h1 b :i* z a poet he only all[s u to surmise by 8 symbolic picture1 ! y\?ful ,goe! succe$$ 9 disclos+ to u 9 ! d>+ words ( 8 ,prome!us3-- ,hi] sitz' i*1 =me ,m5s*5 ,na* me9em ,bilde1 ,e9 ,ges*le*t1 das mir glei* sei1 ,zu leid51 zu we951 ,zu g5iess5 und zu freu5 si*1 ,und de9 ni*t zu a*t51 ,wie i*6#aj ,man1 elevat+ himself to ! rank ( ! ,titans1 acquires 8 culture by 8 own ef=ts1 & compels ! gods to unite ) him1 because 9 8 self-suffici5t wisdom he has _! exi/5ce & _! limits 9 8 h&4 ,:at is mo/ wond]ful1 h[ev]1 9 ?is ,prome!an =m1 :i* accord+ to its fundam5tal conception is ! specific hymn ( impiety1 is ! pr(\nd s*ylean ye>n+ = ju/ice3 ! untold sorr[ ( ! bold s+le-h&$ be+ on ! "o h&1 & ! div9e ne$1 ay1 ! =ebod+ ( a twilight ( ! gods1 on ! o!r1 ! p[] ( ^! two worlds ( suff]+ con/ra9+ to reconciliation1 to metaphysical on5ess--all ?is sugge/s mo/ =cibly ! c5tral & ma9 position ( ! s*ylean view ( ?+s1 :i* sees ,moira z et]nal ju/ice en?ron$ above gods & m54 ,9 view ( ! a/oni%+ boldness ) :i* s*ylus places ! ,olympian _w on 8 scales ( ju/ice1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! deep-m9d$ ,greek _h an immovably firm sub/ratum ( metaphysical ?\ght 9 8 my/]ies1 & t all 8 sceptical p>oxysms c\ld be dis*>g$ ^u ! ,olympians4 ,) ref]5ce to ^! deities1 ! ,greek arti/1 9 p>ticul>1 _h an obscure feel+ z to mutual dep5d5cy3 & x is j 9 ! ,prome!us ( s*ylus t ?is feel+ is symbolis$4 ,! ,titanic arti/ f\nd 9 himself ! d>+ belief t he c\ld create m5 & at lea/ de/roy ,olympian deities3 namely1 by 8 sup]ior wisdom1 = :i*1 to be sure1 he _h to atone by et]nal suff]+4 ,! spl5did c-+ ( ! great g5ius1 b\ght too *eaply ev5 at ! price ( et]nal suff]+1 ! /]n pride ( ! arti/3 ?is is ! ess5ce & s\l ( s*ylean poetry1 :ile ,sophocles 9 8 dipus prelud+ly /rikes up ! victory-song ( ! sa9t4 ,b ev5 ?is int]pretation :i* s*ylus has giv5 to ! my? does n fa?om its a/\nd+ dep? ( t]ror2 ! fact is r t ! arti/'s delight 9 unfold+1 ! *e]fulness ( arti/ic creat+ bidd+ defiance to all calamity1 is b a %9+ /ell> & nebul> image reflect$ 9 a black sea ( sadness4 ,! tale ( ,prome!us is an orig9al possession ( ! entire ,aryan family ( races1 & docum5t>y evid5ce ( _! capacity = ! pr(\ndly tragic2 inde$1 x is n improbable t ?is my? has ! same *>act]i/ic significance = ! ,aryan race t ! my? ( ! fall ( man has = ! ,semitic1 & t !re is a relation%ip betwe5 ! two my?s l t ( bro!r & si/]4 ,! presupposition ( ! ,prome!an my? is ! transc5d5t value :i* a nave humanity atta* to fire z ! true palladium ( e asc5d+ culture3 t man1 h[ev]1 %\ld dispose at w ( ?is fire1 & %\ld n receive x only z a gift f heav51 z ! ignit+ lightn+ or ! w>m+ sol> flame1 appe>$ to ! contemplative primordial m5 z crime & robb]y ( ! div9e nature4 ,& ?us ! fir/ philosophical problem at once causes a pa9ful1 irreconcilable antagonism betwe5 man & ,god1 & puts z x 7 a mass ( rock at ! gate ( e culture4 ,! be/ & highe/ t m5 c acquire !y obta9 by a crime1 & mu/ n[ 9 _! turn take ^u !mselves its consequ5ces1 namely ! :ole flood ( suff]+s & sorr[s ) :i* ! (f5d$ cele/ials mu/ visit ! nobly aspir+ race ( man3 a bitt] reflection1 :i*1 by ! dignity x conf]s on crime1 contra/s /rangely ) ! ,semitic my? ( ! fall ( man1 9 :i* curiosity1 beguilem5t1 s$ucibility1 wantonness1--9 %ort1 a :ole s]ies ( pre-em95tly fem99e passions1--7 reg>d$ z ! orig9 ( evil4 ,:at di/+ui%es ! ,aryan repres5tation is ! sublime view ( active s9 z ! prop]ly ,prome!an virtue1 :i* sugge/s at ! same "t ! e?ical basis ( pessimi/ic trag$y z ! ju/ification ( human evil--( human guilt z well z ( ! suff]+ incurr$ !reby4 ,! mis]y 9 ! ess5ce ( ?+s--:i* ! contemplative ,aryan is n dispos$ to expla9 away--! antagonism 9 ! he>t ( ! _w1 manife/s itself to him z a m$ley ( diff]5t worlds1 = in/ance1 a ,div9e & a human _w1 ea* ( :i* is 9 ! "r individually1 b z a sep>ate exi/5ce alongside ( ano!r has to suff] = its individuation4 ,) ! h]oic ef=t made by ! individual = univ]sality1 9 8 attempt to pass beyond ! b\nds ( individuation & become ! "o univ]sal be+1 he exp]i5ces 9 himself ! primordial contradiction conceal$ 9 ! ess5ce ( ?+s1 i4e41 he trespasses & suff]s4 ,accord+ly crime#aa is und]/ood by ! ,aryans to be a man1 s9#ab by ! ,semites a woman2 z also1 ! orig9al crime is committ$ by man1 ! orig9al s9 by woman4 ,besides1 ! wit*es' *orus says3 ,wir nehm5 das ni*t s g5au3 ,mit taus5d ,s*ritt5 ma*t's die ,frau2 ,do* wie sie au* si* eil5 kann ,mit e9em ,sprunge ma*t's d] ,mann4#ac ,he :o und]/&s ?is inn]mo/ core ( ! tale ( ,prome!us--namely ! necessity ( crime impos$ on ! titanically /riv+ individual--w at once be consci\s ( ! un-,apollonian nature ( ?is pessimi/ic repres5tation3 = ,apollo seeks to pacify individual be+s precisely by draw+ b\nd>y l9es betwe5 !m1 & by aga9 & aga9 call+ att5tion !reto1 ) 8 requirem5ts ( self-k & due proportion1 z ! holie/ laws ( ! univ]se4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 to prev5t ! =m f congeal+ to ,egyptian rigidity & coldness 9 consequ5ce ( ?is ,apollonian t5d5cy1 9 ord] to prev5t ! ext9ction ( ! motion ( ! entire lake 9 ! ef=t to prescribe to ! individual wave its pa? & compass1 ! high tide ( ! ,dionysian t5d5cy de/roy$ f "t to "t all ! little circles 9 :i* ! "o-sid$ ,apollonian w s\ght to conf9e ! ,hell5ic _w4 ,! sudd5ly swell+ tide ( ! ,dionysian !n takes ! sep>ate little wave-m\nta9s ( individuals on its back1 j z ! bro!r ( ,prome!us1 ! ,titan ,atlas1 does ) ! e>?4 ,?is ,titanic impulse1 to become z x 7 ! ,atlas ( all individuals1 & to c>ry !m on broad %\ld]s high] & high]1 f>!r & f>!r1 is :at ! ,prome!an & ! ,dionysian h 9 common4 ,9 ?is respect ! s*ylean ,prome!us is a ,dionysian mask1 :ile1 9 ! a=e-m5tion$ pr(\nd ye>n+ = ju/ice1 s*ylus betrays to ! intellig5t obs]v] 8 pat]nal desc5t f ,apollo1 ! god ( individuation & ( ! b\nd>ies ( ju/ice4 ,& s ! d\ble-be+ ( ! s*ylean ,prome!us1 8 conjo9t ,dionysian & ,apollonian nature1 might be ?us express$ 9 an ab/ract =mula3 ,:atev] exi/s is alike j & unju/1 & equally ju/ifi$ 9 bo?4 ,das i/ de9e ,welt6 ,das heis/ e9e ,welt6#ad #aj ,"h sit ,i1 =m+ mank9d ,9 my image1 ,a race resembl+ me1-- ,to sorr[ & to weep1 ,to ta/e1 to hold1 to enjoy1 ,& n h ne$ ( !e1 ,z ,i6 7,translation 9 ,hckel's ,hi/ory ( ! ,evolution ( ,man47 #aa ,d] ,frevel4 #ab ,die ,snde4 #ac ,we d n measure ) su* c>e3 ,woman 9 ?\s& /eps is !re1 ,b h[soe'er %e ha/5 may4 ,man 9 "o leap has cle>$ ! way4 ,fau/1 trans4 ( ,bay>d ,taylor4--,,tr4 #ad ,?is is ?y _w1 & :at a _w6--,fau/4 #aj4 ,x is an indisputable tradition t ,greek trag$y 9 its e>lie/ =m _h = its !me only ! suff]+s ( ,dionysus1 & t = "s "t ! only /age-h]o !re9 0 simply ,dionysus himself4 ,) ! same confid5ce1 h[ev]1 we c ma9ta9 t n until ,euripides did ,dionysus cease to be ! tragic h]o1 & t 9 fact all ! celebrat$ figures ( ! ,greek /age--,prome!us1 dipus1 etc4--are b masks ( ?is orig9al h]o1 ,dionysus4 ,! pres5ce ( a god beh9d all ^! masks is ! "o ess5tial cause ( ! typical ideality1 s (t excit+ wond]1 ( ^! celebrat$ figures4 ,"s "o1 ,i "k n :om1 has ma9ta9$ t all individuals are comic z individuals & are consequ5tly un-tragic3 f :5ce x might be inf]r$ t ! ,greeks 9 g5]al c\ld n endure individuals on ! tragic /age4 ,& !y really seem to h _h ^! s5tim5ts3 z1 9 g5]al1 x is to be obs]v$ t ! ,platonic discrim9ation & valuation ( ! idea 9 contra/ to ! eidolon1 ! image1 is deeply root$ 9 ! ,hell5ic be+4 ,avail+ ourselves ( ,plato's t]m9ology1 h[ev]1 we %\ld h to speak ( ! tragic figures ( ! ,hell5ic /age some:at z foll[s4 ,! "o truly real ,dionysus appe>s 9 a multiplicity ( =ms1 9 ! mask ( a fight+ h]o & entangl$1 z x 71 9 ! net ( an individual w4 ,z ! visibly appe>+ god n[ talks & acts1 he resembles an err+1 /riv+1 suff]+ individual3 & t1 9 g5]al1 he appe>s ) su* epic precision & cle>ness1 is due to ! dream-read+ ,apollo1 :o reads to ! *orus its ,dionysian /ate ?r\gh ?is symbolic appe>ance4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 ?is h]o is ! suff]+ ,dionysus ( ! my/]ies1 a god exp]i5c+ 9 himself ! suff]+s ( individuation1 ( :om wond]ful my?s tell t z a boy he 0 dismemb]$ by ! ,titans & has be5 wor%ipp$ 9 ?is /ate z ,zagreus3#ae :]eby is intimat$ t ?is dismemb]m5t1 ! prop]ly ,dionysian suff]+1 is l a trans=mation into air1 wat]1 e>?1 & fire1 t we mu/ !re=e reg>d ! /ate ( individuation z ! s\rce & primal cause ( all suff]+1 z some?+ objectionable 9 itself4 ,f ! smile ( ?is ,dionysus sprang ! ,olympian gods1 f 8 te>s sprang man4 ,9 8 exi/5ce z a dismemb]$ god1 ,dionysus has ! dual nature ( a cruel b>b>is$ demon1 & a mild pacific rul]4 ,b ! hope ( ! epopts look$ = a new bir? ( ,dionysus1 :i* we h n[ to conceive ( 9 anticipation z ! end ( individuation3 x 0 = ?is com+ ?ird ,dionysus t ! /ormy jubilation-hymns ( ! epopts res\nd$4 ,& x is only ?is hope t %$s a ray ( joy ^u ! features ( a _w torn asund] & %att]$ into individuals3 z is symbolis$ 9 ! my? by ,demet] sunk 9 et]nal sadness1 :o rejoices aga9 only :5 told t %e may once m give bir? to ,dionysus ,9 ! views ( ?+s "h giv5 we already h all ! elem5ts ( a pr(\nd & pessimi/ic contemplation ( ! _w1 & along ) ^! we h ! my/]y doctr9e ( trag$y3 ! fundam5tal k ( ! on5ess ( all exi/+ ?+s1 ! consid]ation ( individuation z ! primal cause ( evil1 & art z ! joy\s hope t ! spell ( individuation may be brok51 z ! augury ( a re/or$ on5ess4 ,x has already be5 intimat$ t ! ,hom]ic epos is ! poem ( ,olympian culture1 :]e) ?is culture has sung its own song ( triumph ov] ! t]rors ( ! w> ( ! ,titans4 ,"u ! pr$om9at+ influ5ce ( tragic poetry1 ^! ,hom]ic my?s are n[ reproduc$ anew1 & %[ by ?is metempsy*osis t meantime ! ,olympian culture also has be5 vanqui%$ by a /ill deep] view ( ?+s4 ,! haughty ,titan ,prome!us has ann\nc$ to 8 ,olympian torm5tor t ! extreme/ dang] w "o day m5ace 8 rule1 unless he ally ) him betimes4 ,9 s*ylus we p]ceive ! t]rifi$ ,zeus1 appreh5sive ( 8 end1 9 alliance ) ! ,titan4 ,?us1 ! =m] age ( ! ,titans is subsequ5tly br\ght f ,t>t>us once m to ! light ( day4 ,! philosophy ( wild & nak$ nature beholds ) ! undissembl$ mi5 ( tru? ! my?s ( ! ,hom]ic _w z !y dance pa/3 !y turn pale1 !y tremble be=e ! lightn+ glance ( ?is goddess--till ! p[]ful fi/#af ( ! ,dionysian arti/ =ces !m into ! s]vice ( ! new deity4 ,dionysian tru? takes ov] ! entire doma9 ( my? z symbolism ( its k1 :i* x makes kn[n p>tly 9 ! public cult ( trag$y & p>tly 9 ! secret celebration ( ! dramatic my/]ies1 always1 h[ev]1 9 ! old my?ical g>b4 ,:at 0 ! p[]1 :i* fre$ ,prome!us f 8 vultures & trans=m$ ! my? into a vehicle ( ,dionysian wisdom8 ,x is ! ,h]acleian p[] ( music3 :i*1 hav+ rea*$ its highe/ manife/ness 9 trag$y1 c inve/ my?s ) a new & mo/ pr(\nd significance1 :i* we h already _h occasion to *>act]ise z ! mo/ p[]ful faculty ( music4 ,= x is ! fate ( e my? to ins9uate itself into ! n>r[ limits ( "s alleg$ hi/orical reality1 & to be treat$ by "s lat] g5]ation z a solit>y fact ) hi/orical claims3 & ! ,greeks 7 already fairly on ! way to re/amp ! :ole ( _! my?ical juv5ile dream sagaci\sly & arbitr>ily into a hi/orico-pragmatical juv5ile hi/ory4 ,= ?is is ! mann] 9 :i* religions are wont to die out3 :5 ( c\rse "u ! /]n1 intellig5t eyes ( an or?odox dogmatism1 ! my?ical presuppositions ( a religion are sy/ematis$ z a complet$ sum ( hi/orical ev5ts1 & :5 "o beg9s appreh5sively to def5d ! cr$ibility ( ! my?1 :ile at ! same "t oppos+ all cont9uation ( _! natural vitality & luxuriance2 :51 accord+ly1 ! feel+ = my? dies out1 & its place is tak5 by ! claim ( religion to hi/orical f\ndations4 ,?is dy+ my? 0 n[ seiz$ by ! new-born g5ius ( ,dionysian music1 9 ^: h&s x bloom$ once m1 ) su* col\rs z x _h nev] yet display$1 ) a fragrance t awak5$ a long+ anticipation ( a metaphysical _w4 ,aft] ?is f9al effulg5ce x collapses1 its leaves )]1 & soon ! sc(f+ ,lucians ( antiquity cat* at ! discol\r$ & fad$ fl[]s :i* ! w9ds c>ry (f 9 e direction4 ,?r\gh trag$y ! my? atta9s its pr(\nde/ significance1 its mo/ expressive =m2 x rises once m l a w\nd$ h]o1 & ! :ole surplus ( vitality1 toge!r ) ! philosophical calmness ( ! ,dy+1 burns 9 its eyes ) a la/ p[]ful gleam4 ,:at meante/ ?\1 oh impi\s ,euripides1 9 seek+ once m to en?ral ?is dy+ "o8 ,x di$ "u ?y ru?less h&s3 & !n ?\ made/ use ( c\nt]feit1 mask$ my?1 :i* l ! ape ( ,h]acles c\ld only trick itself out 9 ! old f9]y4 ,& z my? di$ 9 ?y h&s1 s also di$ ! g5ius ( music2 ?\gh ?\ c\ld/ covet\sly plund] all ! g>d5s ( music--?\ did/ only realise a c\nt]feit1 mask$ music4 ,& because ?\ ha/ =sak5 ,dionysus4 ,apollo ha? also =sak5 !e2 r\t up all ! passions f _! haunts & conjure !m into ?y sph]e1 %>p5 & poli% a sophi/ical dialectics = ! spee*es ( ?y h]oes--?y v h]oes h only c\nt]feit1 mask$ passions1 & speak only c\nt]feit1 mask$ music4 #ae ,see article by ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,symons 9 ,! ,academy1 #cj? ,augu/ #aijb4 #af ,die m*tige ,fau/4--,cf4 ,fau/1 ,*orus ( ,spirits4--,,tr4 #aa4 ,greek trag$y _h a fate diff]5t f t ( all h] old] si/] arts3 %e di$ by suicide1 9 consequ5ce ( an irreconcilable conflict2 accord+ly %e di$ tragically1 :ile !y all pass$ away v calmly & beautifully 9 ripe old age4 ,= if x be 9 accordance ) a happy /ate ( ?+s to dep>t ?is life )\t a /ruggle1 leav+ beh9d a fair po/]ity1 ! clos+ p]iod ( ^! old] arts exhibits su* a happy /ate ( ?+s3 sl[ly !y s9k out ( sight1 & be=e _! dy+ eyes already /& _! fair] prog5y1 :o impati5tly lift up _! heads ) c\rage\s mi54 ,! dea? ( ,greek trag$y1 on ! o!r h&1 left an imm5se void1 deeply felt ev]y:]e4 ,ev5 z c]ta9 ,greek sailors 9 ! "t ( ,tib]ius once he>d ^u a lonesome isl& ! ?rill+ cry1 great ,pan is dead3 s n[ z x 7 sorr[ful wail+ s\nd$ ?r\gh ! ,hell5ic _w3 ,trag$y is dead6 ,poetry itself has p]i%$ ) h]6 ,begone1 begone1 ye /unt$1 emaciat$ epigones6 ,begone to ,hades1 t ye may = once eat y\r fill ( ! crumbs ( y\r =m] ma/]s6 ,b :5 aft] all a new ,art blossom$ =? :i* rev]$ trag$y z h] ance/ress & mi/ress1 x 0 obs]v$ ) horror t %e did inde$ be> ! features ( h] "m1 b ^? v features ! latt] _h exhibit$ 9 h] long dea?-/ruggle4 ,x 0 ,euripides :o f\ght ?is dea?-/ruggle ( trag$y2 ! lat] art is kn[n z ! ,new ,attic ,com$y4 ,9 x ! deg5]ate =m ( trag$y liv$ on z a monum5t ( ! mo/ pa9ful & viol5t dea? ( trag$y prop]4 ,?is connection betwe5 ! two s]ves to expla9 ! passionate atta*m5t to ,euripides ev9c$ by ! poets ( ! ,new ,com$y1 & h5ce we are no long] surpris$ at ! wi% ( ,philemon1 :o w\ld h got himself hang$ at once1 ) ! sole design ( be+ able to visit ,euripides 9 ! l[] regions3 if only he c\ld be assur$ g5]ally t ! deceas$ /ill _h 8 wits4 ,b if we desire1 z briefly z possible1 & )\t pr(ess+ to say aught exhau/ive on ! subject1 to *>act]ise :at ,euripides has 9 common ) ,m5&] & ,philemon1 & :at appeal$ to !m s /rongly z wor?y ( imitation3 x w suffice to say t ! spectator 0 br\ght ^u ! /age by ,euripides4 ,he :o has p]ceiv$ ! mat]ial ( :i* ! ,prome!an tragic writ]s prior to ,euripides =m$ _! h]oes1 & h[ remote f _! purpose x 0 to br+ ! true mask ( reality on ! /age1 w also "k :at to make ( ! :olly div]g5t t5d5cy ( ,euripides4 ,?r\gh him ! commonplace individual =c$ 8 way f ! spectators' b5*es to ! /age itself2 ! mirror 9 :i* =m]ly only great & bold traits f\nd expression n[ %[$ ! pa9ful exactness t consci5ti\sly reproduces ev5 ! abortive l9es ( nature4 ,odysseus1 ! typical ,hell5e ( ! ,old ,art1 sank1 9 ! h&s ( ! new poets1 to ! figure ( ! ,grculus1 :o1 z ! good-natur$ly cunn+ dome/ic slave1 /&s h5ce=? 9 ! c5tre ( dramatic int]e/4 ,:at ,euripides takes cr$it = 9 ! ,ari/ophanean ,frogs1 namely1 t by 8 h\sehold rem$ies he fre$ tragic art f its pomp\s corpul5cy1 is app>5t above all 9 8 tragic h]oes4 ,! spectator n[ virtually saw & he>d 8 d\ble on ! ,euripidean /age1 & rejoic$ t he c\ld talk s well4 ,b ?is joy 0 n all3 "o ev5 le>n$ ( ,euripides h[ to speak3 he prides himself ^u ?is 9 8 conte/ ) s*ylus3 h[ ! p h le>n$ f him h[ to obs]ve1 debate1 & draw conclusions accord+ to ! rules ( art & ) ! clev]e/ sophi/ications4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t ?r\gh ?is revolution ( ! popul> language he made ! ,new ,com$y possible4 ,= x 0 h5ce=? no long] a secret1 h[--& ) :at saws--! commonplace c\ld repres5t & express itself on ! /age4 ,civic m$iocrity1 on :i* ,euripides built all 8 political hopes1 0 n[ suff]$ to speak1 :ile h]et(ore ! demigod 9 trag$y & ! drunk5 satyr1 or demiman1 9 com$y1 _h det]m9$ ! "* ( ! language4 ,& s ! ,ari/ophanean ,euripides prides himself on hav+ portray$ ! common1 famili>1 ev]yday life & deal+s ( ! p1 conc]n+ :i* all are qualifi$ to pass judgm5t4 ,if n[ ! entire populace philosophises1 manages l& & goods ) unhe>d-( circumspection1 & conducts law-suits1 he takes all ! cr$it to himself1 & glories 9 ! spl5did results ( ! wisdom ) :i* he inoculat$ ! rabble4 ,x 0 to a populace prep>$ & enlight5$ 9 ?is mann] t ! ,new ,com$y c\ld n[ address itself1 ( :i* ,euripides _h become z x 7 ! *orus-ma/]2 only t 9 ?is case ! *orus ( spectators _h to be tra9$4 ,z soon z ?is *orus 0 tra9$ to s+ 9 ! ,euripidean key1 !re arose t *esslike v>iety ( ! drama1 ! ,new ,com$y1 ) its p]petual triumphs ( cunn+ & artfulness4 ,b ,euripides--! *orus-ma/]--0 prais$ incessantly3 inde$1 p w\ld h kill$ !mselves 9 ord] to le>n yet m f him1 _h !y n kn[n t tragic poets 7 q z dead z trag$y4 ,b ) x ! ,hell5e _h surr5d]$ ! belief 9 8 immortality2 n only ! belief 9 an ideal pa/1 b also ! belief 9 an ideal future4 ,! say+ tak5 f ! well-kn[n epitaph1 z an old man1 frivol\s & caprici\s1 applies also to ag$ ,hell5ism4 ,! pass+ mom5t1 wit1 levity1 & caprice1 are its highe/ deities2 ! fif? class1 t ( ! slaves1 n[ atta9s to p[]1 at lea/ 9 s5tim5t3 & if we c /ill speak at all ( ,greek *e]fulness1 x is ! *e]fulness ( ! slave :o has no?+ ( consequ5ce to answ] =1 no?+ great to /rive =1 & _c value any?+ ( ! pa/ or future high] ?an ! pres5t4 ,x 0 ?is semblance ( ,greek *e]fulness :i* s revolt$ ! deep-m9d$ & =midable natures ( ! fir/ f\r c5turies ( ,*ri/ianity3 ?is womani% flight f e>ne/ness & t]ror1 ?is c[>dly cont5t$ness ) easy pleasure1 0 n only contemptible to !m1 b seem$ to be a specifically anti-,*ri/ian s5tim5t4 ,& we mu/ ascribe x to its influ5ce t ! conception ( ,greek antiquity1 :i* liv$ on = c5turies1 pres]v$ ) almo/ endur+ p]si/5cy t peculi> hectic col\r ( *e]fulness--z if !re _h nev] be5 a ,six? ,c5tury ) its bir? ( trag$y1 its ,my/]ies1 its ,py?agoras & ,h]aclitus1 inde$ z if ! art-works ( t great p]iod did n at all exi/1 :i* 9 fact--ea* by itself--c 9 no wise be expla9$ z hav+ sprung f ! soil ( su* a decrepit & slavi% love ( exi/5ce & *e]fulness1 & po9t to an altoge!r diff]5t conception ( ?+s z _! s\rce4 ,! ass]tion made a mom5t ago1 t ,euripides introduc$ ! spectator on ! /age to qualify him ! bett] to pass judgm5t on ! drama1 w make x appe> z if ! old tragic art 0 always 9 a false relation to ! spectator3 & "o w\ld be tempt$ to extol ! radical t5d5cy ( ,euripides to br+ ab\t an adequate relation betwe5 art-"w & public z an advance on ,sophocles4 ,b1 z ?+s are1 public is m]ely a ^w1 & n at all a homog5e\s & con/ant quantity4 ,:y %\ld ! arti/ be "u obligations to accommodate himself to a p[] ^: /r5g? is m]ely 9 numb]s8 ,& if by virtue ( 8 end[m5ts & aspirations he feels himself sup]ior to e "o ( ^! spectators1 h[ c\ld he feel great] respect = ! collective expression ( all ^! subord9ate capacities ?an = ! relatively highe/-end[$ individual spectator8 ,9 tru?1 if ev] a ,greek arti/ treat$ 8 public ?r\gh\t a long life ) presumptu\sness & self-suffici5cy1 x 0 ,euripides1 :o1 ev5 :5 ! masses ?rew !mselves at 8 feet1 ) sublime defiance made an op5 assault on 8 own t5d5cy1 ! v t5d5cy ) :i* he _h triumph$ ov] ! masses4 ,if ?is g5ius _h _h ! slighte/ rev]5ce = ! p&emonium ( ! public1 he w\ld h brok5 d[n long be=e ! middle ( 8 c>e] b5ea? ! weighty bl[s ( 8 own failures4 ,^! consid]ations "h make x obvi\s t our =mula--namely1 t ,euripides br\ght ! spectator ^u ! /age1 9 ord] to make him truly compet5t to pass judgm5t--0 b a provisional "o1 & t we mu/ seek = a deep] und]/&+ ( 8 t5d5cy4 ,conv]sely1 x is und\bt$ly well kn[n t s*ylus & ,sophocles1 dur+ all _! lives1 inde$1 f> beyond _! lives1 enjoy$ ! full fav\r ( ! p1 & t !re=e 9 ! case ( ^! pr$ecessors ( ,euripides ! idea ( a false relation betwe5 art-"w & public 0 altoge!r exclud$4 ,:at 0 x t ?us =cibly div]t$ ?is highly gift$ arti/1 s incessantly impell$ to production1 f ! pa? ov] :i* %one ! sun ( ! greate/ names 9 poetry & ! cl\dless heav5 ( popul> fav\r8 ,:at /range consid]ation = ! spectator l$ him to defy1 ! spectator8 ,h[ c\ld he1 ow+ to too mu* respect = ! public --dis-respect ! public8 ,euripides--& ?is is ! solution ( ! riddle j prop\nd$--felt himself1 z a poet1 und\bt$ly sup]ior to ! masses1 b n to two ( 8 spectators3 he br\ght ! masses ^u ! /age2 ^! two spectators he rev]$ z ! only compet5t judges & ma/]s ( 8 art3 9 compliance ) _! directions & admonitions1 he transf]r$ ! entire _w ( s5tim5ts1 passions1 & exp]i5ces1 hi!rto pres5t at e fe/ival repres5tation z ! invisible *orus on ! spectators' b5*es1 into ! s\ls ( 8 /age-h]oes2 he yield$ to _! dem&s :5 he also s\ght = ^! new *>act]s ! new ^w & ! new tone2 9 _! voices alone he he>d ! conclusive v]dict on 8 "w1 z also ! *e]+ promise ( triumph :5 he f\nd himself condemn$ z usual by ! ju/ice ( ! public4 ,( ^! two1 spectators ! "o is--,euripides himself1 ,euripides z ?9k]1 n z poet4 ,x might be said ( him1 t 8 unusually l>ge fund ( critical ability1 z 9 ! case ( ,less+1 if x did n create1 at lea/ con/antly fructifi$ a productively arti/ic collat]al impulse4 ,) ?is faculty1 ) all ! cle>ness & dext]ity ( 8 critical ?\ght1 ,euripides _h sat 9 ! !atre & /riv5 to recognise 9 ! ma/]pieces ( 8 great pr$ecessors1 z 9 fad$ pa9t+s1 feature & feature1 l9e & l9e4 ,& "h _h happ5$ to him :at "o initiat$ 9 ! deep] arcana ( s*ylean trag$y mu/ ne$s h expect$3 he obs]v$ some?+ incomm5surable 9 e feature & 9 e l9e1 a c]ta9 deceptive di/9ctness & at ! same "t an enigmatic pr(undity1 yea an inf9itude1 ( backgr\nd4 ,ev5 ! cle>e/ figure _h always a comet's tail atta*$ to x1 :i* seem$ to sugge/ ! unc]ta9 & ! inexplicable4 ,! same twilight %r\d$ ! /ructure ( ! drama1 especially ! significance ( ! *orus4 ,& h[ d\btful seem$ ! solution ( ! e?ical problems to 8 m9d6 ,h[ que/ionable ! treatm5t ( ! my?s6 ,h[ unequal ! di/ribution ( happ9ess & mis=tune6 ,ev5 9 ! language ( ! ,old ,trag$y !re 0 mu* t 0 objectionable to him1 or at lea/ enigmatical2 he f\nd especially too mu* pomp = simple affairs1 too _m tropes & imm5se ?+s = ! pla9ness ( ! *>act]s4 ,?us he sat re/lessly pond]+ 9 ! !atre1 & z a spectator he ackn[l$g$ to himself t he did n und]/& 8 great pr$ecessors4 ,if1 h[ev]1 he ?\ght ! und]/&+ ! root prop] ( all enjoym5t & productivity1 he _h to inquire & look ab\t to see :e!r any "o else ?\ght z he did1 & also ackn[l$g$ ?is incomm5surability4 ,b mo/ p1 & among !m ! be/ individuals1 _h only a di/ru/ful smile = him1 :ile none c\ld expla9 :y ! great ma/]s 7 /ill 9 ! "r 9 face ( 8 scruples & objections4 ,& 9 ?is pa9ful condition he f\nd t o!r spectator1 :o did n compreh5d1 & !re=e did n e/eem1 trag$y4 ,9 alliance ) him he c\ld v5ture1 f amid 8 lonesom5ess1 to beg9 ! prodigi\s /ruggle aga9/ ! art ( s*ylus & ,sophocles--n ) polemic writ+s1 b z a dramatic poet1 :o oppos$ 8 own conception ( trag$y to ! traditional "o4 #ab4 ,be=e we "n ?is o!r spectator1 let u pause "h a mom5t 9 ord] to recall our own impression1 z previ\sly describ$1 ( ! discordant & incomm5surable elem5ts 9 ! nature ( s*ylean trag$y4 ,let u ?9k ( our own a/oni%m5t at ! *orus & ! tragic h]o ( t type ( trag$y1 nei!r ( :i* we c\ld reconcile ) our practices any m ?an ) tradition--till we r$iscov]$ ?is duplexity itself z ! orig9 & ess5ce ( ,greek trag$y1 z ! expression ( two int]wov5 arti/ic impulses1 ! ,apollonian & ! ,dionysian4 ,to sep>ate ?is primitive & all-p[]ful ,dionysian elem5t f trag$y1 & to build up a new & purifi$ =m ( trag$y on ! basis ( a non-,dionysian art1 morality1 & conception ( ?+s--su* is ! t5d5cy ( ,euripides :i* n[ reveals itself to u 9 a cle> light4 ,9 a my? compos$ 9 ! eve ( 8 life1 ,euripides himself mo/ urg5tly prop\nd$ to 8 contempor>ies ! "q z to ! value & signification ( ?is t5d5cy4 ,is ! ,dionysian entitl$ to exi/ at all8 ,%\ld x n be =cibly root$ out ( ! ,hell5ic soil8 ,c]ta9ly1 ! poet tells u1 if only x 7 possible3 b ! god ,dionysus is too p[]ful2 8 mo/ intellig5t adv]s>y--l ,p5!us 9 ! ,bac*--is unwitt+ly en*ant$ by him1 & 9 ?is en*antm5t meets 8 fate4 ,! judgm5t ( ! two old sages1 ,cadmus & ,tiresias1 seems to be also ! judgm5t ( ! ag$ poet3 t ! reflection ( ! wise/ individuals does n ov]?r[ old popul> traditions1 nor ! p]petually propagat+ wor%ip ( ,dionysus1 t 9 fact x behoves u to display at lea/ a diplomatically cauti\s conc]n 9 ! pres5ce ( su* /range =ces3 :]e h[ev] x is always possible t ! god may take (f5ce at su* lukew>m p>ticipation1 & f9ally *ange ! diplomat--9 ?is case ,cadmus--into a dragon4 ,?is is :at a poet tells u1 :o oppos$ ,dionysus ) h]oic val\r ?r\gh\t a long life--9 ord] f9ally to w9d up 8 c>e] ) a glorification ( 8 adv]s>y1 & ) suicide1 l "o /agg]+ f gidd9ess1 :o1 9 ord] to escape ! horrible v]tigo he c no long] endure1 ca/s himself f a t[]4 ,?is trag$y--! ,bac*--is a prote/ aga9/ ! practicability ( 8 own t5d5cy2 alas1 & x has already be5 put into practice6 ,! surpris+ ?+ _h happ5$3 :5 ! poet recant$1 8 t5d5cy _h already conqu]$4 ,dionysus _h already be5 sc>$ f ! tragic /age1 & 9 fact by a demonic p[] :i* spoke ?r\gh ,euripides4 ,ev5 ,euripides 01 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 only a mask3 ! deity t spoke ?r\gh him 0 nei!r ,dionysus nor ,apollo1 b an altoge!r new-born demon1 call$ ,socrates4 ,?is is ! new anti!sis3 ! ,dionysian & ! ,socratic1 & ! art-"w ( ,greek trag$y 0 wreck$ on x4 ,:at if ev5 ,euripides n[ seeks to com=t u by 8 recantation8 ,x is ( no avail3 ! mo/ magnific5t temple lies 9 ru9s4 ,:at avails ! lam5tation ( ! de/roy]1 & 8 confession t x 0 ! mo/ beautiful ( all temples8 ,& ev5 t ,euripides has be5 *ang$ into a dragon z a puni%m5t by ! art-critics ( all ages--:o c\ld be cont5t ) ?is wret*$ comp5sation8 ,let u n[ approa* ?is ,socratic t5d5cy ) :i* ,euripides combat$ & vanqui%$ s*ylean trag$y4 ,we mu/ n[ ask ourselves1 :at c\ld be ! ult]ior aim ( ! ,euripidean design1 :i*1 9 ! highe/ ideality ( its execution1 w\ld f\nd drama exclusively on ! non-,dionysian8 ,:at o!r =m ( drama c\ld !re be1 if x 0 n to be born ( ! womb ( music1 9 ! my/]i\s twilight ( ! ,dionysian8 ,only ! dramatis$ epos3 9 :i* ,apollonian doma9 ( art ! tragic effect is ( c\rse unatta9able4 ,x does n dep5d on ! subject-matt] ( ! ev5ts "h repres5t$2 inde$1 ,i v5ture to ass]t t x w\ld h be5 impossible = ,goe! 9 8 project$ ,nausikaa to h r5d]$ tragically effective ! suicide ( ! idyllic be+ ) :i* he int5d$ to complete ! fif? act2 s extraord9>y is ! p[] ( ! epic-,apollonian repres5tation1 t x *>ms1 be=e our eyes1 ! mo/ t]rible ?+s by ! joy 9 appe>ance & 9 r$emption ?r\gh appe>ance4 ,! poet ( ! dramatis$ epos _c completely bl5d ) 8 pictures any m ?an ! epic rhapsodi/4 ,he is /ill j ! calm1 unmov$ embodim5t ( ,contemplation ^: wide eyes see ! picture be=e !m4 ,! actor 9 ?is dramatis$ epos /ill rema9s intr9sically rhapsodi/3 ! consecration ( inn] dream+ is on all 8 actions1 s t he is nev] :olly an actor4 ,h[1 !n1 is ! ,euripidean play relat$ to ?is ideal ( ! ,apollonian drama8 ,j z ! y\ng] rhapsodi/ is relat$ to ! solemn rhapsodi/ ( ! old "t4 ,! =m] describes 8 own "* 9 ! ,platonic ,ion z foll[s3 ,:5 ,i am say+ any?+ sad1 my eyes fill ) te>s2 :51 h[ev]1 :at ,i am say+ is awful & t]rible1 !n my hair /&s on end ?r\gh fe>1 & my he>t leaps4 ,"h we no long] obs]ve any?+ ( ! epic absorption 9 appe>ance1 or ( ! unemotional coolness ( ! true actor1 :o precisely 9 8 highe/ activity is :olly appe>ance & joy 9 appe>ance4 ,euripides is ! actor ) leap+ he>t1 ) hair /&+ on end2 z ,socratic ?9k] he designs ! plan1 z passionate actor he executes x4 ,nei!r 9 ! design+ nor 9 ! execution is he an arti/ pure & simple4 ,& s ! ,euripidean drama is a ?+ bo? cool & fi]y1 equally capable ( freez+ & burn+2 x is impossible = x to atta9 ! ,apollonian1 effect ( ! epos1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x has sev]$ itself z mu* z possible f ,dionysian elem5ts1 & n[1 9 ord] to act at all1 x requires new /imulants1 :i* c no long] lie )9 ! sph]e ( ! two unique art-impulses1 ! ,apollonian & ! ,dionysian4 ,! /imulants are cool1 p>adoxical ?\ghts1 9 place ( ,apollonian intuitions--& fi]y passions--9 place ,dionysean ec/asies2 & 9 fact1 ?\ghts & passions v reali/ically copi$1 & n at all /eep$ 9 ! e!r ( art4 ,accord+ly1 if we h p]ceiv$ ?is mu*1 t ,euripides did n succe$ 9 e/abli%+ ! drama exclusively on ! ,apollonian1 b t r 8 non-,dionysian incl9ations deviat$ into a naturali/ic & in>ti/ic t5d5cy1 we %all n[ be able to approa* ne>] to ! "* /hetic ,socratism4 supreme law ( :i* reads ab\t z foll[s3 to be beautiful ev]y?+ mu/ be intelligible1 z ! p>allel to ! ,socratic proposition1 only ! kn[+ is "o virtu\s4 ,) ?is canon 9 8 h&s ,euripides measur$ all ! sep>ate elem5ts ( ! drama1 & rectifi$ !m accord+ to 8 pr9ciple3 ! language1 ! *>act]s1 ! dramaturgic /ructure1 & ! *oric music4 ,! poetic defici5cy & retrogression1 :i* we are s (t5 wont to impute to ,euripides 9 comp>ison ) ,sophoclean trag$y1 is = ! mo/ "p ! product ( ?is p5etrat+ critical process1 ?is d>+ intelligibility4 ,! ,euripidian prologue may s]ve u z an example ( ! productivity ( ?is1 rationali/ic me?od4 ,no?+ c\ld be m oppos$ to ! te*nique ( our /age ?an ! prologue 9 ! drama ( ,euripides4 ,= a s+le p]son to appe> at ! outset ( ! play tell+ u :o he is1 :at prec$es ! action1 :at has happ5$ ?us f>1 yea1 :at w happ5 9 ! c\rse ( ! play1 w\ld be designat$ by a mod]n playwright z a wanton & unp>donable ab&onm5t ( ! effect ( susp5se4 ,ev]y?+ t is ab\t to happ5 is kn[n be=eh&2 :o !n c>es to wait = x actually to happ58--consid]+1 moreov]1 t "h !re is n by any means ! excit+ relation ( a pr$ict+ dream to a reality tak+ place lat] on4 ,euripides speculat$ q diff]5tly4 ,! effect ( trag$y nev] dep5d$ on epic susp5se1 on ! fasc9at+ unc]ta9ty z to :at is to happ5 n[ & aft]w>ds3 b r on ! great rhetoro-lyric sc5es 9 :i* ! passion & dialectics ( ! *ief h]o swell$ to a broad & mighty /ream4 ,ev]y?+ 0 arrang$ = pa?os1 n = action3 & :atev] 0 n arrang$ = pa?os 0 reg>d$ z objectionable4 ,b :at int]f]es mo/ ) ! he>]'s pleasurable satisfaction 9 su* sc5es is a miss+ l9k1 a gap 9 ! texture ( ! previ\s hi/ory4 ,s long z ! spectator has to div9e ! mean+ ( ?is or t p]son1 or ! presuppositions ( ?is or t conflict ( incl9ations & int5tions1 8 complete absorption 9 ! do+s & suff]+s ( ! *ief p]sons is impossible1 z is likewise brea?less fell[-feel+ & fell[-fe>+4 ,! s*yleo-,sophoclean trag$y employ$ ! mo/ +5i\s devices 9 ! fir/ sc5es to place 9 ! h&s ( ! spectator z if by *ance all ! ?reads requisite = und]/&+ ! :ole3 a trait 9 :i* t noble arti/ry is approv$1 :i* z x 7 masks ! inevitably =mal1 & causes x to appe> z some?+ accid5tal4 ,b nev]!less ,euripides ?\ght he obs]v$ t dur+ ^! fir/ sc5es ! spectator 0 9 a /range /ate ( anxiety to make out ! problem ( ! previ\s hi/ory1 s t ! poetic beauties & pa?os ( ! exposition 7 lo/ to him4 ,accord+ly he plac$ ! prologue ev5 be=e ! exposition1 & put x 9 ! m\? ( a p]son :o c\ld be tru/$3 "s deity _h (t5 z x 7 to gu>antee ! p>ticul>s ( ! trag$y to ! public & remove e d\bt z to ! reality ( ! my?3 z 9 ! case ( ,desc>tes1 :o c\ld only prove ! reality ( ! empiric _w by an appeal to ! tru?fulness ( ,god & ,8 inability to utt] falsehood4 ,euripides makes use ( ! same div9e tru?fulness once m at ! close ( 8 drama1 9 ord] to ensure to ! public ! future ( 8 h]oes2 ?is is ! task ( ! notori\s deus ex ma*9a4 ,betwe5 ! prelim9>y & ! additional epic spectacle !re is ! dramatico-lyric pres5t1 ! drama prop]4 ,?us ,euripides z a poet e*oes above all 8 own consci\s k2 & x is precisely on ?is acc\nt t he occupies su* a notable position 9 ! hi/ory ( ,greek art4 ,) ref]5ce to 8 critico-productive activity1 he mu/ (t5 h felt t he ought to actualise 9 ! drama ! words at ! beg9n+ ( ! essay ( ,anaxagoras3 ,9 ! beg9n+ all ?+s 7 mix$ toge!r2 !n came ! und]/&+ & creat$ ord]4 ,& if ,anaxagoras ) 8 seem$ l ! fir/ sob] p]son among no?+ b drunk5 philosoph]s1 ,euripides may also h conceiv$ 8 relation to ! o!r tragic poets "u a simil> figure4 ,z long z ! sole rul] & dispos] ( ! univ]se1 ! 1 0 /ill exclud$ f arti/ic activity1 ?+s 7 all mix$ toge!r 9 a *aotic1 primitive mess2--x is ?us ,euripides 0 oblig$ to ?9k1 x is ?us he 0 oblig$ to condemn ! drunk5 poets z ! fir/ sob] "o among !m4 ,:at ,sophocles said ( s*ylus1 t he did :at 0 "r1 ?\gh unconsci\sly1 0 surely n 9 ! m9d ( ,euripides3 :o w\ld h admitt$ only ?us mu*1 t s*ylus1 because he wr\ght unconsci\sly1 did :at 0 wrong4 ,s also ! div9e ,plato speaks = ! mo/ "p only ironically ( ! creative faculty ( ! poet1 9 s f> z x is n consci\s insight1 & places x on a p> ) ! gift ( ! soo?say] & dream-int]pret]2 ins9uat+ t ! poet is incapable ( compos+ until he has become unconsci\s & reason has des]t$ him4 ,l ,plato1 ,euripides und]took to %[ to ! _w ! rev]se ( ! un9tellig5t poet2 8 /hetic pr9ciple t to be beautiful ev]y?+ mu/ be kn[n is1 z ,i h said1 ! p>allel to ! ,socratic to be good ev]y?+ mu/ be kn[n4 ,accord+ly we may reg>d ,euripides z ! poet ( /hetic ,socratism4 ,socrates1 h[ev]1 0 t second spectator :o did n compreh5d & !re=e did n e/eem ! ,old ,trag$y2 9 alliance ) him ,euripides v5tur$ to be ! h]ald ( a new arti/ic activity4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,old ,trag$y 0 "h de/roy$1 x foll[s t /hetic ,socratism 0 ! murd]\s pr9ciple2 b 9 s f> z ! /ruggle is direct$ aga9/ ! ,dionysian elem5t 9 ! old art1 we recognise 9 ,socrates ! oppon5t ( ,dionysus1 ! new ,orpheus :o rebels aga9/ ,dionysus2 & al?\gh de/9$ to be torn to pieces by ! ,mnads ( ! ,a!nian c\rt1 yet puts to flight ! ov]p[]ful god himself1 :o1 :5 he fl$ f ,lycurgus1 ! k+ ( ,edoni1 s\ght refuge 9 ! dep?s ( ! ocean--namely1 9 ! my/ical flood ( a secret cult :i* gradually ov]spread ! e>?4 #ac4 ,t ,socrates /ood 9 close relation%ip to ,euripides 9 ! t5d5cy ( 8 tea*+1 did n escape ! notice ( contemporane\s antiquity2 ! mo/ eloqu5t expression ( ?is felicit\s insight be+ ! tale curr5t 9 ,a!ns1 t ,socrates 0 accu/om$ to help ,euripides 9 poetis+4 ,bo? names 7 m5tion$ 9 "o brea? by ! adh]5ts ( ! good old "t1 :5ev] !y came to enum]at+ ! popul> agitators ( ! day3 to ^: influ5ce !y attribut$ ! fact t ! old ,m>a?onian /alw>t capacity ( body & s\l 0 m & m be+ sacrific$ to a dubi\s enlight5m5t1 involv+ progressive deg5]ation ( ! physical & m5tal p[]s4 ,x is 9 ?is tone1 half indignantly & half contemptu\sly1 t ,ari/ophanic com$y is wont to speak ( bo? ( !m--to ! con/]nation ( mod]n m51 :o w\ld inde$ be will+ en\gh to give up ,euripides1 b _c suppress _! amazem5t t ,socrates %\ld appe> 9 ,ari/ophanes z ! fir/ & head sophi/1 z ! mirror & epitome ( all sophi/ical t5d5cies2 9 connection ) :i* x (f]s ! s+le consolation ( putt+ ,ari/ophanes himself 9 ! pillory1 z a raki%1 ly+ ,alcibiades ( poetry4 ,)\t "h def5d+ ! pr(\nd in/9cts ( ,ari/ophanes aga9/ su* attacks1 ,i %all n[ indicate1 by means ( ! s5tim5ts ( ! "t1 ! close connection betwe5 ,socrates & ,euripides4 ,) ?is purpose 9 view1 x is especially to be rememb]$ t ,socrates1 z an oppon5t ( tragic art1 did n ord9>ily patronise trag$y1 b only appe>$ among ! spectators :5 a new play ( ,euripides 0 p]=m$4 ,! mo/ not$ ?+1 h[ev]1 is ! close juxtaposition ( ! two names 9 ! ,delphic oracle1 :i* designat$ ,socrates z ! wise/ ( m51 b at ! same "t decid$ t ! second prize 9 ! conte/ ( wisdom 0 due to ,euripides4 ,sophocles 0 designat$ z ! ?ird 9 ?is scale ( rank2 he :o c\ld pride himself t1 9 comp>ison ) s*ylus1 he did :at 0 "r1 & did x1 moreov]1 because he knew :at 0 "r4 ,x is evid5tly j ! degree ( cle>ness ( ?is k1 :i* di/+ui%es ^! ?ree m5 9 common z ! ?ree kn[+ ones ( _! age4 ,! mo/ decisive ^w1 h[ev]1 = ?is new & unprec$5t$ e/eem ( k & insight 0 spok5 by ,socrates :5 he f\nd t he 0 ! only "o :o ackn[l$g$ to himself t he knew no?+ :ile 9 8 critical pilgrimage ?r\gh ,a!ns1 & call+ on ! greate/ /atesm51 orators1 poets1 & arti/s1 he discov]$ ev]y:]e ! conceit ( k4 ,he p]ceiv$1 to 8 a/oni%m5t1 t all ^! celebrities 7 )\t a prop] & accurate insight1 ev5 ) reg>d to _! own call+s1 & practis$ !m only by in/9ct4 ,only by in/9ct3 ) ?is phrase we t\* ^u ! he>t & core ( ! ,socratic t5d5cy4 ,socratism condemns !re) exi/+ art z well z exi/+ e?ics2 :]ev] ,socratism turns its se>*+ eyes x beholds ! lack ( insight & ! p[] ( illusion2 & f ?is lack inf]s ! inn] p]v]sity & objectionabl5ess ( exi/+ conditions4 ,f ?is po9t onw>ds1 ,socrates believ$ t he 0 call$ ^u to1 correct exi/5ce2 &1 ) an air ( disreg>d & sup]iority1 z ! precursor ( an altoge!r diff]5t culture1 art1 & morality1 he ent]s s+le-h&$ into a _w1 ( :i*1 if we rev]5tly t\*$ ! hem1 we %\ld c\nt x our greate/ happ9ess4 ,"h is ! extraord9>y hesitancy :i* always seizes ^u u ) reg>d to ,socrates1 & aga9 & aga9 invites u to asc]ta9 ! s5se & purpose ( ?is mo/ que/ionable ph5om5on ( antiquity4 ,:o is x t v5tures s+le-h&$ to dis[n ! ,greek "*1 :i*1 z ,hom]1 ,p9d>1 & s*ylus1 z ,phidias1 z ,p]icles1 z ,py?ia & ,dionysus1 z ! deepe/ abyss & ! highe/ height1 is sure ( our wond]+ admiration8 ,:at demoniac p[] is x :i* w\ld presume to spill ?is magic draught 9 ! du/8 ,:at demigod is x to :om ! *orus ( spirits ( ! noble/ ( mank9d mu/ call out3 ,weh6 ,weh6 ,du ha/ sie z]/rt1 die s*ne ,welt1 mit m*tig] ,fau/2 sie /rzt1 sie z]fllt6#ag ,a key to ! "* ( ,socrates is pres5t$ to u by ! surpris+ ph5om5on designat$ z ! daimonion ( ,socrates4 ,9 special circum/ances1 :5 8 gigantic intellect began to /agg]1 he got a secure support 9 ! utt]ances ( a div9e voice :i* !n spake to him4 ,?is voice1 :5ev] x comes1 always dissuades4 ,9 ?is totally abnormal nature in/9ctive wisdom only appe>s 9 ord] to h9d] ! progress ( consci\s p]ception "h & !re4 ,:ile 9 all productive m5 x is in/9ct :i* is ! creatively affirmative =ce1 consci\sness only comport+ itself critically & dissuasively2 ) ,socrates x is in/9ct :i* becomes critic2 x is consci\sness :i* becomes creator--a p]fect mon/rosity p] defectum6 ,& we d inde$ obs]ve "h a mon/r\s defectus ( all my/ical aptitude1 s t ,socrates might be designat$ z ! specific non-my/ic1 9 :om ! logical nature is develop$1 ?r\gh a sup]foetation1 to ! same excess z in/9ctive wisdom is develop$ 9 ! my/ic4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h[ev]1 ! logical in/9ct :i* appe>$ 9 ,socrates 0 absolutely prohibit$ f turn+ aga9/ itself2 9 its un*eck$ fl[ x manife/s a native p[] su* z we meet )1 to our %ock+ surprise1 only among ! v greate/ in/9ctive =ces4 ,he :o has exp]i5c$ ev5 a brea? ( ! div9e navet & security ( ! ,socratic c\rse ( life 9 ! ,platonic writ+s1 w also feel t ! enorm\s driv+-:eel ( logical ,socratism is 9 motion1 z x 71 beh9d ,socrates1 & t x mu/ be view$ ?r\gh ,socrates z ?r\gh a %ad[4 ,& t he himself _h a bod+ ( ?is relation is app>5t f ! dignifi$ e>ne/ness ) :i* he ev]y:]e1 & ev5 be=e 8 judges1 insi/$ on 8 div9e call+4 ,to refute him "h 0 really z impossible z to approve ( 8 in/9ct-dis9tegrat+ influ5ce4 ,9 view ( ?is indissoluble conflict1 :5 he _h at la/ be5 br\ght be=e ! =um ( ! ,greek /ate1 !re 0 only "o puni%m5t dem&$1 namely exile2 he might h be5 sp$ across ! bord]s z some?+ ?or\ghly enigmatical1 irrubricable & inexplicable1 & s po/]ity w\ld h be5 q unju/ifi$ 9 *>g+ ! ,a!nians ) a de$ ( ignom9y4 ,b t ! s5t5ce ( dea?1 & n m]e exile1 0 pron\nc$ ^u him1 seems to h be5 br\ght ab\t by ,socrates himself1 ) p]fect k ( ! circum/ances1 & )\t ! natural fe> ( dea?3 he met 8 dea? ) ! calmness ) :i*1 accord+ to ! description ( ,plato1 he leaves ! symposium at break ( day1 z ! la/ ( ! revell]s1 to beg9 a new day2 :ile ! sleepy companions rema9 beh9d on ! b5*es & ! floor1 to dream ( ,socrates1 ! true erotici/4 ,! dy+ ,socrates became ! new ideal ( ! noble ,greek y\?s1--an ideal !y _h nev] yet beheld1--& above all1 ! typical ,hell5ic y\?1 ,plato1 pro/rat$ himself be=e ?is sc5e ) all ! f]v5t devotion ( 8 vision>y s\l4 #ag ,woe6 ,woe6 ,?\ ha/ x de/roy$1 ,! beautiful _w2 ,) p[]ful fi/2 ,9 ru9 'tis hurl$6 ,fau/1 trans4 ( ,bay>d ,taylor4--,,tr4 #ad4 ,let u n[ imag9e ! "o great ,cyclopean eye ( ,socrates fix$ on trag$y1 t eye 9 :i* ! f9e fr5zy ( arti/ic en?usiasm _h nev] gl[$--let u ?9k h[ x 0 d5i$ to ?is eye to gaze ) pleasure into ! ,dionysian abysses--:at c\ld x n b see 9 ! sublime & greatly laud$ tragic art1 z ,plato call$ x8 ,some?+ v absurd1 ) causes t seem$ to be )\t effects1 & effects app>5tly )\t causes2 ! :ole1 moreov]1 s motley & div]sifi$ t x c\ld n b be repugnant to a ?\ghtful m9d1 a dang]\s inc5tive1 h[ev]1 to s5sitive & irritable s\ls4 ,we "k :at 0 ! sole k9d ( poetry :i* he compreh5d$3 ! sopian fable3 & he did ?is no d\bt ) t smil+ complaisance ) :i* ! good hone/ ,gell]t s+s ! praise ( poetry 9 ! fable ( ! bee & ! h53-- ,du sieh/ an mir1 wozu sie ntzt1 ,dem1 d] ni*t viel ,v]/& besitzt1 ,die ,wahrheit dur* e9 ,bild zu sag54#ah ,b !n x seem$ to ,socrates t tragic art did n ev5 tell ! tru?3 n to m5tion ! fact t x addresses itself to him :o ha? b little wit2 consequ5tly n to ! philosoph]3 a tw(old reason :y x %\ld be avoid$4 ,l ,plato1 he reckon$ x among ! s$uctive arts :i* only repres5t ! agreeable1 n ! useful1 & h5ce he requir$ ( 8 disciples ab/95ce & /rict sep>ation f su* unphilosophical allurem5ts2 ) su* success t ! y\?ful tragic poet ,plato fir/ ( all burn$ 8 poems to be able to become a s*ol> ( ,socrates4 ,b :]e unconqu]able native capacities bore up aga9/ ! ,socratic maxims1 _! p[]1 toge!r ) ! mom5tum ( 8 mighty "*1 /ill suffic$ to =ce poetry itself into new & hi!rto unkn[n *annels4 ,an in/ance ( ?is is ! a=esaid ,plato3 he1 :o 9 ! condemnation ( trag$y & ( art 9 g5]al c]ta9ly did n fall %ort ( ! nave cynicism ( 8 ma/]1 0 nev]!less con/ra9$ by %e] arti/ic necessity to create a =m ( art :i* is inw>dly relat$ ev5 to ! !n exi/+ =ms ( art :i* he repudiat$4 ,plato's ma9 objection to ! old art--t x is ! imitation ( a phantom1#ai & h5ce belongs to a sph]e /ill l[] ?an ! empiric _w--c\ld n at all apply to ! new art3 & s we f9d ,plato endeav\r+ to g beyond reality & attempt+ to repres5t ! idea :i* und]lies ?is pseudo-reality4 ,b ,plato1 ! ?9k]1 !reby arriv$ by a r\ndab\t road j at ! po9t :]e he _h always be5 at home z poet1 & f :i* ,sophocles & all ! old arti/s _h solemnly prote/$ aga9/ t objection4 ,if trag$y absorb$ into itself all ! e>li] v>ieties ( art1 ! same c\ld aga9 be said 9 an unusual s5se ( ,platonic dialogue1 :i*1 eng5d]$ by a mixture ( all ! !n exi/+ =ms & /yles1 hov]s midway betwe5 n>rative1 lyric & drama1 betwe5 prose & poetry1 & has also !reby brok5 loose f ! old] /rict law ( unity ( l+ui/ic =m2 a movem5t :i* 0 c>ri$ /ill f>!r by ! cynic writ]s1 :o 9 ! mo/ promiscu\s /yle1 oscillat+ to & fro betwixt prose & metrical =ms1 realis$ also ! lit]>y picture ( ! rav+ ,socrates :om !y 7 wont to repres5t 9 life4 ,platonic dialogue 0 z x 7 ! boat 9 :i* ! %ipwreck$ anci5t poetry sav$ h]self toge!r ) all h] *ildr53 cr[d$ into a n>r[ space & timidly obsequi\s to ! "o /e]sman1 ,socrates1 !y n[ laun*$ into a new _w1 :i* nev] tir$ ( look+ at ! fanta/ic spectacle ( ?is procession4 ,9 v tru?1 ,plato has giv5 to all po/]ity ! prototype ( a new =m ( art1 ! prototype ( ! novel :i* mu/ be designat$ z ! inf9itely evolv$ sopian fable1 9 :i* poetry holds ! same rank ) ref]5ce to dialectic philosophy z ?is same philosophy held = _m c5turies ) ref]5ce to !ology3 namely1 ! rank ( ancilla4 ,?is 0 ! new position ( poetry into :i* ,plato =c$ x "u ! pressure ( ! demon-inspir$ ,socrates4 ,"h philosophic ?\ght ov]gr[s art & compels x to cl+ close to ! trunk ( dialectics4 ,! ,apollonian t5d5cy has *rysalis$ 9 ! logical s*ematism2 j z some?+ analog\s 9 ! case ( ,euripides 7& moreov] a translation ( ! ,dionysian into ! naturali/ic emotion7 0 =c$ ^u our att5tion4 ,socrates1 ! dialectical h]o 9 ,platonic drama1 rem9ds u ( ! k9dr$ nature ( ! ,euripidean h]o1 :o has to def5d 8 actions by argum5ts & c\nt]-argum5ts1 & !reby s (t5 runs ! risk ( =feit+ our tragic pity2 = :o c\ld mi/ake ! optimi/ic elem5t 9 ! ess5ce ( dialectics1 :i* celebrates a jubilee 9 e conclusion1 & c brea! only 9 cool cle>ness & consci\sness3 ! optimi/ic elem5t1 :i*1 hav+ once =c$ its way into trag$y1 mu/ gradually ov]gr[ its ,dionysian regions1 & necess>ily impel x to self-de/ruction--ev5 to ! dea?-leap into ! b\rgeois drama4 ,let u b realise ! consequ5ces ( ! ,socratic maxims3 ,virtue is k2 man only s9s f ignorance2 he :o is virtu\s is happy3 ^! ?ree fundam5tal =ms ( optimism involve ! dea? ( trag$y4 ,= ! virtu\s h]o mu/ n[ be a dialectician2 !re mu/ n[ be a necess>y1 visible connection betwe5 virtue & k1 betwe5 belief & morality2 ! transc5d5tal ju/ice ( ! plot 9 s*ylus is n[ degrad$ to ! sup]ficial & audaci\s pr9ciple ( poetic ju/ice ) its usual deus ex ma*9a4 ,h[ does ! *orus1 &1 9 g5]al1 ! entire ,dionyso-musical sub/ratum ( trag$y1 n[ appe> 9 ! light ( ?is new ,socrato-optimi/ic /age-_w8 ,z some?+ accid5tal1 z a readily disp5sable rem9isc5ce ( ! orig9 ( trag$y2 :ile we h 9 fact se5 t ! *orus c be und]/ood only z ! cause ( trag$y1 & ( ! tragic g5]ally4 ,?is p]plexity ) respect to ! *orus fir/ manife/s itself 9 ,sophocles--an important sign t ! ,dionysian basis ( trag$y already beg9s to dis9tegrate ) him4 ,he no long] v5tures to entru/ to ! *orus ! ma9 %>e ( ! effect1 b limits its sph]e to su* an ext5t t x n[ appe>s almo/ co-ord9ate ) ! actors1 j z if x 7 elevat$ f ! or*e/ra into ! sc5e3 :]eby ( c\rse its "* is completely de/roy$1 not)/&+ t ,ari/otle c\nt5ances ?is v !ory ( ! *orus4 ,?is alt]ation ( ! position ( ! *orus1 :i* ,sophocles at any rate recomm5d$ by 8 practice1 &1 accord+ to tradition1 ev5 by a treatise1 is ! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! annihilation ( ! *orus1 ! phases ( :i* foll[ "o ano!r ) al>m+ rapidity 9 ,euripides1 ,aga?on1 & ! ,new ,com$y4 ,optimi/ic dialectics drives1 music out ( trag$y ) ! sc\rge ( its syllogisms3 t is1 x de/roys ! ess5ce ( trag$y1 :i* c be expla9$ only z a manife/ation & illu/ration ( ,dionysian /ates1 z ! visible symbolisation ( music1 z ! dream-_w ( ,dionysian ec/asy4 ,if1 !re=e1 we are to assume an anti-,dionysian t5d5cy op]at+ ev5 be=e ,socrates1 :i* receiv$ 9 him only an unprec$5t$ly gr& expression1 we mu/ n %r9k f ! "q z to :at a ph5om5on l t ( ,socrates indicates3 :om 9 view ( ! ,platonic dialogues we are c]ta9ly n entitl$ to reg>d z a purely dis9tegrat+1 negative p[]4 ,& ?\gh !re c be no d\bt :atev] t ! mo/ imm$iate effect ( ! ,socratic impulse t5d$ to ! dissolution ( ,dionysian trag$y1 yet a pr(\nd exp]i5ce ( ,socrates' own life compels u to ask :e!r !re is necess>ily only an antipodal relation betwe5 ,socratism & art1 & :e!r ! bir? ( an arti/ic ,socrates is 9 g5]al some?+ contradictory 9 itself4 ,= t despotic logician _h n[ & !n ! feel+ ( a gap1 or void1 a s5tim5t ( semi-reproa*1 z ( a possibly neglect$ duty ) respect to art4 ,!re (t5 came to him1 z he tells 8 fri5ds 9 prison1 "o & ! same dream-app>ition1 :i* kept con/antly repeat+ to him3 ,socrates1 practise music4 ,up to 8 v la/ days he solaces himself ) ! op9ion t 8 philosophis+ is ! highe/ =m ( poetry1 & f9ds x h>d to believe t a deity w rem9d him ( ! common1 popul> music4 ,f9ally1 :5 9 prison1 he cons5ts to practise also ?is despis$ music1 9 ord] ?or\ghly to unburd5 8 consci5ce4 ,& 9 ?is frame ( m9d he composes a poem on ,apollo & turns a few sopian fables into v]se4 ,x 0 some?+ simil> to ! demonian w>n+ voice :i* urg$ him to ^! practices2 x 0 because ( 8 ,apollonian insight t1 l a b>b>ic k+1 he did n und]/& ! noble image ( a god & 0 9 dang] ( s9n+ aga9/ a deity--?r\gh ignorance4 ,! prompt+ voice ( ! ,socratic dream-vision is ! only sign ( d\btfulness z to ! limits ( logical nature4 ,p]haps --?us he _h to ask himself--:at is n intelligible to me is n !re=e unreasonable8 ,p]haps !re is a realm ( wisdom f :i* ! logician is bani%$8 ,p]haps art is ev5 a necess>y correlative ( & supplem5t to sci5ce8 #ah ,9 me ?\ see/ its b5efit1-- ,to him :o ha? b little wit1 ,?r\gh p>ables to tell ! tru?4 #ai ,s*e9bild 4--,,tr4 #ae4 ,9 ! s5se ( ^! la/ port5t\s que/ions x mu/ n[ be indicat$ h[ ! influ5ce ( ,socrates 7ext5d+ to ! pres5t mom5t1 inde$1 to all futurity7 has spread ov] po/]ity l an ev]-increas+ %ad[ 9 ! ev5+ sun1 & h[ ?is influ5ce aga9 & aga9 necessitates a reg5]ation ( art1--yea1 ( art already ) metaphysical1 broade/ & pr(\nde/ s5se1--& its own et]nity gu>antees also ! et]nity ( art4 ,be=e ?is c\ld be p]ceiv$1 be=e ! intr9sic dep5d5ce ( e art on ! ,greeks1 ! ,greeks f ,hom] to ,socrates1 0 conclusively demon/rat$1 x _h to happ5 to u ) reg>d to ^! ,greeks z x happ5$ to ! ,a!nians ) reg>d to ,socrates4 ,ne>ly e age & /age ( culture has at "s "t or o!r s\ght ) deep displeasure to free itself f ! ,greeks1 because 9 _! pres5ce ev]y?+ self-a*iev$1 s9c]ely admir$ & app>5tly q orig9al1 seem$ all ( a sudd5 to lose life & col\r & %r9k to an abortive copy1 ev5 to c>icature4 ,& s he>ty indignation breaks =? "t aft] "t aga9/ ?is presumptu\s little nation1 :i* d>$ to designate z b>b>ic = all "t ev]y?+ n native3 :o are !y1 "o asks "o's self1 :o1 ?\gh !y possess$ only an ephem]al hi/orical spl5d\r1 ridicul\sly re/rict$ in/itutions1 a dubi\s excell5ce 9 _! cu/oms1 & 7 ev5 br&$ ) ugly vices1 yet lay claim to ! dignity & s+ul> position among ! peoples to :i* g5ius is entitl$ among ! masses4 ,:at a pity "o has n be5 s =tunate z to f9d ! cup ( hemlock ) :i* su* an affair c\ld be dispos$ ( )\t ado3 = all ! poison :i* envy1 calumny1 & rankl+ res5tm5t eng5d]$ )9 !mselves h n suffic$ to de/roy t self-suffici5t gr&eur6 ,& s "o feels a%am$ & afraid 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,greeks3 unless "o prize tru? above all ?+s1 & d>e also to ackn[l$ge to "o's self ?is tru?1 t ! ,greeks1 z *>iote]s1 hold 9 _! h&s ! re9s ( our own & ( e culture1 b t almo/ always *>iot & horses are ( too poor mat]ial & incomm5surate ) ! glory ( _! guides1 :o !n w deem x sport to run su* a team into an abyss3 :i* !y !mselves cle> ) ! leap ( ,a*illes4 ,9 ord] to assign also to ,socrates ! dignity ( su* a lead+ position1 x w suffice to recognise 9 him ! type ( an unhe>d-( =m ( exi/5ce1 ! type ( ! !oretical man1 ) reg>d to ^: mean+ & purpose x w be our next task to atta9 an insight4 ,l ! arti/1 ! !ori/ also f9ds an inf9ite satisfaction 9 :at is &1 l ! =m]1 he is %ield$ by ?is satisfaction f ! practical e?ics ( pessimism ) its lynx eyes :i* %9e only 9 ! d>k4 ,= if ! arti/ 9 e unveil+ ( tru? always cleaves ) raptur$ eyes only to t :i* /ill rema9s veil$ aft] ! unveil+1 ! !oretical man1 on ! o!r h&1 enjoys & cont5ts himself ) ! ca/-(f veil1 & f9ds ! consummation ( 8 pleasure 9 ! process ( a cont9u\sly successful unveil+ ?r\gh 8 own unaid$ ef=ts4 ,!re w\ld h be5 no sci5ce if x _h only be5 conc]n$ ab\t t "o nak$ goddess & no?+ else4 ,= !n its disciples w\ld h be5 oblig$ to feel l ^? :o purpos$ to dig a hole /raight ?r\gh ! e>?3 ea* "o ( :om p]ceives t ) ! utmo/ lifelong ex]tion he is able to excavate only a v little ( ! enorm\s dep?1 :i* is aga9 fill$ up be=e 8 eyes by ! lab\rs ( 8 successor1 s t a ?ird man seems to d well :5 on 8 own acc\nt he selects a new spot = 8 attempts at tunnell+4 ,if n[ "s "o proves conclusively t ! antipodal goal _c be atta9$ 9 ?is direct way1 :o w /ill c>e to toil on 9 ! old dep?s1 unless he has le>n$ to cont5t himself 9 ! meantime ) f9d+ preci\s /ones or discov]+ natural laws8 ,= t reason ,less+1 ! mo/ hone/ !oretical man1 v5tur$ to say t he c>$ m = ! se>* aft] tru? ?an = tru? itself3 9 say+ :i* he reveal$ ! fundam5tal secret ( sci5ce1 to ! a/oni%m5t1 & inde$1 to ! vexation ( sci5tific m54 ,well1 to be sure1 !re /&s alongside ( ?is deta*$ p]ception1 z an excess ( hone/y1 if n ( presumption1 a pr(\nd illusion :i* fir/ came to ! _w 9 ! p]son ( ,socrates1 ! imp]turbable belief t1 by means ( ! clue ( causality1 ?9k+ rea*es to ! deepe/ abysses ( be+1 & t ?9k+ is able n only to p]ceive be+ b ev5 to correct x4 ,?is sublime metaphysical illusion is add$ z an in/9ct to sci5ce & aga9 & aga9 leads ! latt] to its limits1 :]e x mu/ *ange into art2 :i* is really ! end1 to be atta9$ by ?is me*anism4 ,if we n[ look at ,socrates 9 ! light ( ?is ?\ght1 he appe>s to u z ! fir/ :o c\ld n only live1 b--:at is f> m--also die "u ! guidance ( ?is in/9ct ( sci5ce3 & h5ce ! picture ( ! dy+1 ,socrates1 z ! man deliv]$ f ! fe> ( dea? by k & argum5t1 is ! escut*eon1 above ! entrance to sci5ce :i* rem9ds e "o ( its mission1 namely1 to make exi/5ce appe> to be compreh5sible1 & !re=e to be ju/ifi$3 = :i* purpose1 if argum5ts d n suffice1 my? also mu/ be us$1 :i* ,i j n[ designat$ ev5 z ! necess>y consequ5ce1 yea1 z ! end ( sci5ce4 ,he :o once makes intelligible to himself h[1 aft] ! dea? ( ,socrates1 ! my/agogue ( sci5ce1 "o philosophical s*ool succe$s ano!r1 l wave ^u wave1--h[ an entirely un=e-%ad[$ univ]sal developm5t ( ! ?ir/ = k 9 ! wide/ compass ( ! cultur$ _w 7& z ! specific task = e "o highly gift$7 l$ sci5ce on to ! high sea f :i* s9ce !n x has nev] aga9 be5 able to be completely ou/$2 h[ ?r\gh ! univ]sality ( ?is movem5t a common net ( ?\ght 0 fir/ /ret*$ ov] ! entire globe1 ) prospects1 moreov]1 ( con=mity to law 9 an entire sol> sy/em2--he :o realises all ?is1 toge!r ) ! amaz+ly high pyramid ( our pres5t-day k1 _c fail to see 9 ,socrates ! turn+-po9t & vortex ( s-call$ univ]sal hi/ory4 ,= if "o 7 to imag9e ! :ole incalculable sum ( en]gy :i* has be5 us$ up by t univ]sal t5d5cy1--employ$1 n 9 ! s]vice ( k1 b = ! practical1 i4e41 egoi/ical ends ( individuals & peoples1--!n probably ! in/9ctive love ( life w\ld be s mu* weak5$ 9 univ]sal w>s ( de/ruction & incessant migrations ( peoples1 t1 ow+ to ! practice ( suicide1 ! individual w\ld p]haps feel ! la/ remnant ( a s5se ( duty1 :51 l ! native ( ! ,fiji ,isl&s1 z son he /rangles 8 p>5ts &1 z fri5d1 8 fri5d3 a practical pessimism :i* might ev5 give rise to a horrible e?ics ( g5]al slaught] out ( pity--:i*1 = ! re/1 exi/s & has exi/$ :]ev] art 9 "o =m or ano!r1 especially z sci5ce & religion1 has n appe>$ z a rem$y & prev5tive ( t pe/il5tial brea?4 ,9 view ( ?is practical pessimism1 ,socrates is ! ar*etype ( ! !oretical optimi/1 :o 9 ! above-indicat$ belief 9 ! fa?omabl5ess ( ! nature ( ?+s1 attributes to k & p]ception ! p[] ( a univ]sal m$ic9e1 & sees 9 error & evil4 ,to p5etrate into ! dep?s ( ! nature ( ?+s1 & to sep>ate true p]ception f error & illusion1 appe>$ to ! ,socratic man ! noble/ & ev5 ! only truly human call+3 j z f ! "t ( ,socrates onw>ds ! me*anism ( concepts1 judgm5ts1 & inf]5ces 0 priz$ above all o!r capacities z ! highe/ activity & ! mo/ admirable gift ( nature4 ,ev5 ! sublime/ moral acts1 ! /irr+s ( pity1 ( self-sacrifice1 ( h]oism1 & t tranquillity ( s\l1 s difficult ( atta9m5t1 :i* ! ,apollonian ,greek call$ ,sophrosyne1 7 d]iv$ by ,socrates1 & 8 l-m9d$ successors up to ! pres5t day1 f ! dialectics ( k1 & 7 accord+ly designat$ z tea*able4 ,he :o has exp]i5c$ 9 himself ! joy ( a ,socratic p]ception1 & felt h[ x seeks to embrace1 9 con/antly wid5+ circles1 ! entire _w ( ph5om5a1 w !nce=? f9d no /imulus :i* c\ld urge him to exi/5ce m =cible ?an ! desire to complete t conque/ & to knit ! net imp5etrably close4 ,to a p]son ?us m9d$ ! ,platonic ,socrates !n appe>s z ! tea*] ( an entirely new =m ( ,greek *e]fulness & felicity ( exi/5ce1 :i* seeks to dis*>ge itself 9 actions1 & w f9d its dis*>ge = ! mo/ "p 9 maieutic & p$agogic influ5ces on noble y\?s1 ) a view to ! ultimate production ( g5ius4 ,b n[ sci5ce1 spurr$ on by its p[]ful illusion1 ha/5s irresi/ibly to its limits1 on :i* its optimism1 hidd5 9 ! ess5ce ( logic1 is wreck$4 ,= ! p]iph]y ( ! circle ( sci5ce has an inf9ite numb] ( po9ts1 & :ile !re is /ill no tell+ h[ ?is circle c ev] be completely measur$1 yet ! noble & gift$ man1 ev5 be=e ! middle ( 8 c>e]1 inevitably comes into contact ) ^? extreme po9ts ( ! p]iph]y :]e he />es at ! inexplicable4 ,:5 he "h sees to 8 dismay h[ logic coils r\nd itself at ^! limits & f9ally bites its own tail--!n ! new =m ( p]ception discloses itself1 namely tragic p]ception1 :i*1 9 ord] ev5 to be endur$1 requires art z a safegu>d & rem$y4 ,if1 ) eyes /r5g!n$ & refre%$ at ! sight ( ! ,greeks1 we look ^u ! highe/ sph]es ( ! _w t surr\nds u1 we behold ! avidity ( ! insatiate optimi/ic k1 ( :i* ,socrates is ! typical repres5tative1 trans=m$ into tragic resignation & ! ne$ ( art3 :ile1 to be sure1 ?is same avidity1 9 its l[] /ages1 has to exhibit itself z antagoni/ic to art1 & mu/ especially h an inw>d dete/ation ( ,dionyso-tragic art1 z 0 exemplifi$ 9 ! opposition ( ,socratism to s*ylean trag$y4 ,"h !n ) agitat$ _s we knock at ! gates ( ! pres5t & ! future3 w t trans=m+ lead to ev] new configurations ( g5ius1 & especially ( ! music-practis+ ,socrates8 ,w ! net ( art :i* is spread ov] exi/5ce1 :e!r "u ! "n ( religion or ( sci5ce1 be knit always m closely & delicately1 or is x de/9$ to be torn to %r$s "u ! re/lessly b>b>ic activity & :irl :i* is call$ ! pres5t day8--,anxi\s1 yet n disconsolate1 we /& alo( = a little :ile1 z ! spectators :o are p]mitt$ to be witnesses ( ^! trem5d\s /ruggles & transitions4 ,alas6 ,x is ! *>m ( ^! /ruggles t he :o beholds !m mu/ also fight !m6 #af4 ,by ?is elaborate hi/orical example we h endeav\r$ to make x cle> t trag$y p]i%es z surely by evanesc5ce ( ! _s ( music z x c be born only out ( ?is _s4 ,9 ord] to qualify ! s+ul>ity ( ?is ass]tion1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 to disclose ! s\rce ( ?is insight ( ours1 we mu/ n[ confront ) cle> vision ! analog\s ph5om5a ( ! pres5t "t2 we mu/ ent] into ! mid/ ( ^! /ruggles1 :i*1 z ,i said j n[1 are be+ c>ri$ on 9 ! highe/ sph]es ( our pres5t _w betwe5 ! insatiate optimi/ic p]ception & ! tragic ne$ ( art4 ,9 s do+ ,i %all leave out ( consid]ation all o!r antagoni/ic t5d5cies :i* at all times oppose art1 especially trag$y1 & :i* at pres5t aga9 ext5d _! sway triumphantly1 to su* an ext5t t ( ! !atrical arts only ! f>ce & ! ballet1 = example1 put =? _! blossoms1 :i* p]haps n e "o c>es to smell1 9 tol]ably ri* luxuriance4 ,i w speak only ( ! ,mo/ ,illu/ri\s ,opposition to ! tragic conception ( ?+s--& by ?is ,i mean ess5tially optimi/ic sci5ce1 ) its ance/or ,socrates at ! head ( x4 ,pres5tly also ! =ces w be designat$ :i* seem to me to gu>antee a re-bir? ( trag$y--& :o kn[s :at o!r bless$ hopes = ! ,g]man g5ius6 ,be=e we plunge into ! mid/ ( ^! /ruggles1 let u array ourselves 9 ! arm\r ( our hi!rto acquir$ k4 ,9 contra/ to all ^? :o are int5t on d]iv+ ! arts f "o exclusive pr9ciple1 z ! necess>y vital s\rce ( e "w ( art1 ,i keep my eyes fix$ on ! two arti/ic deities ( ! ,greeks1 ,apollo & ,dionysus1 & recognise 9 !m ! liv+ & conspicu\s repres5tatives ( two worlds ( art :i* diff] 9 _! intr9sic ess5ce & 9 _! highe/ aims4 ,apollo /&s be=e me z ! transfigur+ g5ius ( ! pr9cipium individuationis ?r\gh :i* alone ! r$emption 9 appe>ance is to be truly atta9$1 :ile by ! my/ical *e] ( ,dionysus ! spell ( individuation is brok51 & ! way lies op5 to ! ,mo!rs ( ,be+1#bj to ! inn]mo/ he>t ( ?+s4 ,?is extraord9>y anti!sis1 :i* op5s up yawn+ly betwe5 pla/ic art z ! ,apollonian & music z ! ,dionysian art1 has become manife/ to only "o ( ! great ?9k]s1 to su* an ext5t t1 ev5 )\t ?is key to ! symbolism ( ! ,hell5ic div9ities1 he all[$ to music a diff]5t "* & orig9 9 advance ( all ! o!r arts1 because1 unlike !m1 x is n a copy ( ! ph5om5on1 b a direct copy ( ! w itself1 & !re=e repres5ts ! metaphysical ( ev]y?+ physical 9 ! _w1 ! ?+-9-itself ( e ph5om5on4 7,s*op5hau]1 ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung1 ,i4 #caj47 ,to ?is mo/ important p]ception ( /hetics 7) :i*1 tak5 9 a s]i\s s5se1 /hetics prop]ly comm5ces71 ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 by way ( confirmation ( its et]nal tru?1 affix$ 8 seal1 :5 he ass]t$ 9 8 ,bee?ov5 t music mu/ be judg$ accord+ to /hetic pr9ciples q diff]5t f ^? :i* apply to ! pla/ic arts1 & n1 9 g5]al1 accord+ to ! category ( beauty3 al?\gh an errone\s /hetics1 inspir$ by a misl$ & deg5]ate art1 has by virtue ( ! concept ( beauty prevail+ 9 ! pla/ic doma9 accu/om$ itself to dem& ( music an effect analog\s to t ( ! works ( pla/ic art1 namely ! suscitat+ delight 9 beautiful =ms4 ,^u p]ceiv+ ?is extraord9>y anti!sis1 ,i felt a /rong inducem5t to approa* ! ess5ce ( ,greek trag$y1 &1 by means ( x1 ! pr(\nde/ revelation ( ,hell5ic g5ius3 = ,i at la/ ?\ght myself to be 9 possession ( a *>m to enable me--f> beyond ! phraseology ( our usual /hetics--to repres5t vividly to my m9d ! primitive problem ( trag$y3 :]eby su* an a/\nd+ insight into ! ,hell5ic "* 0 af=d$ me t x necess>ily seem$ z if our pr\dly comport+ classico-,hell5ic sci5ce _h ?us f> contriv$ to subsi/ almo/ exclusively on phantasmagoria & ext]nalities4 ,p]haps we may lead up to ?is primitive problem ) ! "q3 :at /hetic effect results :5 ! intr9sically sep>ate art-p[]s1 ! ,apollonian & ! ,dionysian1 ent] into concurr5t actions8 ,or1 9 brief] =m3 h[ is music relat$ to image & concept8--,s*op5hau]1 :om ,ri*>d ,wagn]1 ) especial ref]5ce to ?is po9t1 accr$its ) an unsurpassable cle>ness & p]spicuity ( exposition1 expresses himself mo/ copi\sly on ! subject 9 ! foll[+ passage :i* ,i %all cite "h at full l5g?#ba 7,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung1 ,i4 p4 #cji73 ,accord+ to all ?is1 we may reg>d ! ph5om5al _w1 or nature1 & music z two diff]5t expressions ( ! same ?+1#bj :i* is !re=e itself ! only m$ium ( ! analogy betwe5 ^! two expressions1 s t a k ( ?is m$ium is requir$ 9 ord] to und]/& t analogy4 ,music1 !re=e1 if reg>d$ z an expression ( ! _w1 is 9 ! highe/ degree a univ]sal language1 :i* is relat$ inde$ to ! univ]sality ( concepts1 mu* z ^! are relat$ to ! p>ticul> ?+s4 ,its univ]sality1 h[ev]1 is by no means ! empty univ]sality ( ab/raction1 b ( q a diff]5t k9d1 & is unit$ ) ?or\gh & di/9ct def9it5ess4 ,9 ?is respect x resembles geometrical figures & numb]s1 :i* are ! univ]sal =ms ( all possible objects ( exp]i5ce & applicable to !m all a priori1 & yet are n ab/ract b p]ceptiple & ?or\ghly det]m9ate4 ,all possible ef=ts1 excitem5ts & manife/ations ( w1 all t goes on 9 ! he>t ( man & t reason includes 9 ! wide1 negative concept ( feel+1 may be express$ by ! inf9ite numb] ( possible melodies1 b always 9 ! univ]sality ( m]e =m1 )\t ! mat]ial1 always accord+ to ! ?+-9-itself1 n ! ph5om5on1--( :i* !y reproduce ! v s\l & ess5ce z x 71 )\t ! body4 ,?is deep relation :i* music be>s to ! true nature ( all ?+s also expla9s ! fact t suitable music play$ to any sc5e1 action1 ev5t1 or surr\nd+ seems to disclose to u its mo/ secret mean+1 & appe>s z ! mo/ accurate & di/9ct comm5t>y ^u x2 z also ! fact t :oev] gives himself up entirely to ! impression ( a symphony seems to see all ! possible ev5ts ( life & ! _w take place 9 himself3 nev]!less ^u reflection he c f9d no lik5ess betwe5 ! music & ! ?+s t pass$ be=e 8 m9d4 ,=1 z we h said1 music is di/+ui%$ f all ! o!r arts by ! fact t x is n a copy ( ! ph5om5on1 or1 m accurately1 ! adequate objectivity ( ! w1 b ! direct copy ( ! w itself1 & !re=e repres5ts ! metaphysical ( ev]y?+ physical 9 ! _w1 & ! ?+-9-itself ( e ph5om5on4 ,we might1 !re=e1 j z well call ! _w embodi$ music z embodi$ w3 & ?is is ! reason :y music makes e picture1 & inde$ e sc5e ( real life & ( ! _w1 at once appe> ) high] significance2 all ! m s1 to be sure1 9 proportion z its melody is analog\s to ! inn] _s ( ! giv5 ph5om5on4 ,x re/s ^u ?is t we are able to set a poem to music z a song1 or a p]ceptible repres5tation z a pantomime1 or bo? z an op]a4 ,su* p>ticul> pictures ( human life1 set to ! univ]sal language ( music1 are nev] b\nd to x or correspond to x ) /r+5t necessity1 b /& to x only 9 ! relation ( an example *os5 at w to a g5]al concept4 ,9 ! det]m9at5ess ( ! real !y repres5t t :i* music expresses 9 ! univ]sality ( m]e =m4 ,= melodies are to a c]ta9 ext5t1 l g5]al concepts1 an ab/raction f ! actual4 ,?is actual _w1 !n1 ! _w ( p>ticul> ?+s1 af=ds ! object ( p]ception1 ! special & ! individual1 ! p>ticul> case1 bo? to ! univ]sality ( concepts & to ! univ]sality ( ! melodies4 ,b ^! two univ]salities are 9 a c]ta9 respect oppos$ to ea* o!r2 = ! concepts conta9 only ! =ms1 :i* are fir/ ( all ab/ract$ f p]ception1--! sep>at$ outw>d %ell ( ?+s1 z x 71--& h5ce !y are1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se ( ! t]m1 ab/racta2 music1 on ! o!r h&1 gives ! inmo/ k]nel :i* prec$es all =ms1 or ! he>t ( ?+s4 ,?is relation may be v well express$ 9 ! language ( ! s*oolm51 by say+3 ! concepts are ! univ]salia po/ rem1 b music gives ! univ]salia ante rem1 & ! real _w ! univ]salia 9 re4--,b t 9 g5]al a relation is possible betwe5 a composition & a p]ceptible repres5tation re/s1 z we h said1 ^u ! fact t bo? are simply diff]5t expressions ( ! same inn] be+ ( ! _w4 ,:5 n[1 9 ! p>ticul> case1 su* a relation is actually giv51 t is to say1 :5 ! compos] has be5 able to express 9 ! univ]sal language ( music ! emotions ( w :i* con/itute ! he>t ( an ev5t1 !n ! melody ( ! song1 ! music ( ! op]a1 is expressive4 ,b ! analogy discov]$ by ! compos] betwe5 ! two mu/ h proce$$ f ! direct k ( ! nature ( ! _w unkn[n to 8 reason1 & mu/ n be an imitation produc$ ) consci\s int5tion by means ( conceptions2 o!rwise ! music does n express ! inn] nature ( ! w itself1 b m]ely gives an inadequate imitation ( its ph5om5on3 all specially imitative music does ?is4 ,we h !re=e1 accord+ to ! doctr9e ( ,s*op5hau]1 an imm$iate und]/&+ ( music z ! language ( ! w1 & feel our imag9ation /imulat$ to give =m to ?is invisible & yet s actively /irr$ _s-_w :i* speaks to u1 & prompt$ to embody x 9 an analog\s example4 ,on ! o!r h&1 image & concept1 "u ! influ5ce ( a truly con=mable music1 acquire a high] significance4 ,dionysian art !re=e is wont to ex]cise--two k9ds ( influ5ces1 on ! ,apollonian art-faculty3 music fir/ly incites to ! symbolic intuition ( ,dionysian univ]sality1 &1 secondly1 x causes ! symbolic image to /& =? 9 its fulle/ significance4 ,f ^! facts1 intelligible 9 !mselves & n inaccessible to pr(\nd] obs]vation1 ,i inf] ! capacity ( music to give bir? to my?1 t is to say1 ! mo/ significant exempl>1 & precisely tragic my?3 ! my? :i* speaks ( ,dionysian k 9 symbols4 ,9 ! ph5om5on ( ! lyri/1 ,i h set =? t 9 him music /rives to express itself ) reg>d to its nature 9 ,apollonian images4 ,if n[ we reflect t music 9 its highe/ pot5cy mu/ seek to atta9 also to its highe/ symbolisation1 we mu/ deem x possible t x also kn[s h[ to f9d ! symbolic expression ( its inh]5t ,dionysian wisdom2 & :]e %all we h to seek = ?is expression if n 9 trag$y &1 9 g5]al1 9 ! conception ( ! tragic8 ,f ! nature ( art1 z x is ord9>ily conceiv$ accord+ to ! s+le category ( appe>ance & beauty1 ! tragic _c be hone/ly d$uc$ at all2 x is only ?r\gh ! _s ( music t we und]/& ! joy 9 ! annihilation ( ! individual4 ,= 9 ! p>ticul> examples ( su* annihilation only is ! et]nal ph5om5on ( ,dionysian art made cle> to u1 :i* gives expression to ! w 9 its omnipot5ce1 z x 71 beh9d ! pr9cipium individuationis1 ! et]nal life beyond all ph5om5a1 & 9 spite ( all annihilation4 ,! metaphysical delight 9 ! tragic is a translation ( ! in/9ctively unconsci\s ,dionysian wisdom into ! language ( ! sc5e3 ! h]o1 ! highe/ manife/ation ( ! w1 is disav[$ = our pleasure1 because he is only ph5om5on1 & because ! et]nal life ( ! w is n affect$ by 8 annihilation4 ,we believe 9 et]nal life1 trag$y exclaims2 :ile music is ! proximate idea ( ?is life4 ,pla/ic art has an altoge!r diff]5t object3 "h ,apollo vanqui%es ! suff]+ ( ! individual by ! radiant glorification ( ! et]nity ( ! ph5om5on2 "h beauty triumphs ov] ! suff]+ inh]5t 9 life2 pa9 is 9 a mann] surreptiti\sly oblit]at$ f ! features ( nature4 ,9 ,dionysian art & its tragic symbolism ! same nature speaks to u ) its true undissembl$ voice3 ,be z ,i am6 ,amid/ ! ceaseless *ange ( ph5om5a ! et]nally creative primordial "m1 et]nally impell+ to exi/5ce1 self-satisfy+ et]nally ) ?is *ange ( ph5om5a6 #bj ,cf4 ,_w & ,w z ,idea1 ,i4 p4 #cci1 trans4 by ,haldane & ,kemp4 #ba ,t is ! w z und]/ood by ,s*op5hau]4--,,tr4 #ag4 ,dionysian art1 too1 seeks to conv9ce u ( ! et]nal joy ( exi/5ce3 only we are to seek ?is joy n 9 ph5om5a1 b beh9d ph5om5a4 ,we are to p]ceive h[ all t comes into be+ mu/ be ready = a sorr[ful end2 we are compell$ to look into ! t]rors ( individual exi/5ce--yet we are n to become torpid3 a metaphysical com=t te>s u mom5t>ily f ! bu/le ( ! trans=m+ figures4 ,we are really = brief mom5ts ,primordial ,be+ itself1 & feel its indomitable desire = be+ & joy 9 exi/5ce2 ! /ruggle1 ! pa91 ! de/ruction ( ph5om5a1 n[ appe> to u z some?+ necess>y1 consid]+ ! surplus ( innum]able =ms ( exi/5ce :i* ?rong & pu% "o ano!r into life1 consid]+ ! exub]ant f]tility ( ! univ]sal w4 ,we are pi]c$ by ! madd5+ /+ ( ^! pa9s at ! v mom5t :5 we h become1 z x 71 "o ) ! immeasurable primordial joy 9 exi/5ce1 & :5 we anticipate1 9 ,dionysian ec/asy1 ! inde/ructibility & et]nity ( ?is joy4 ,9 spite ( fe> & pity1 we are ! happy liv+ be+s1 n z individuals1 b z ! "o liv+ be+1 ) ^: procreative joy we are bl5d$4 ,! hi/ory ( ! rise ( ,greek trag$y n[ tells u ) lum9\s precision t ! tragic art ( ! ,greeks 0 really born ( ! _s ( music3 ) :i* conception we believe we h done ju/ice = ! fir/ "t to ! orig9al & mo/ a/oni%+ significance ( ! *orus4 ,at ! same "t1 h[ev]1 we mu/ admit t ! import ( tragic my? z set =? above nev] became transp>5t ) suffici5t lucidity to ! ,greek poets1 let alone ! ,greek philosoph]s2 _! h]oes speak1 z x 71 m sup]ficially ?an !y act2 ! my? does n at all f9d its adequate objectification 9 ! spok5 ^w4 ,! /ructure ( ! sc5es & ! conspicu\s images reveal a deep] wisdom ?an ! poet himself c put into words & concepts3 ! same be+ also obs]v$ 9 ,%akespe>e1 ^: ,hamlet1 = in/ance1 9 an analog\s mann] talks m sup]ficially ?an he acts1 s t ! previ\sly m5tion$ lesson ( ,hamlet is to be ga!r$ n f 8 words1 b f a m pr(\nd contemplation & survey ( ! :ole4 ,) respect to ,greek trag$y1 :i* ( c\rse pres5ts itself to u only z ^w-drama1 ,i h ev5 intimat$ t ! incongru5ce betwe5 my? & expression might easily tempt u to reg>d x z %all[] & less significant ?an x really is1 & accord+ly to po/ulate = x a m sup]ficial effect ?an x mu/ h _h accord+ to ! te/imony ( ! anci5ts3 = h[ easily "o =gets t :at ! ^w-poet did n succe$ 9 do+1 namely realis+ ! highe/ spiritualisation & ideality ( my?1 he might succe$ 9 do+ e mom5t z creative musician6 ,we require1 to be sure1 almo/ by philological me?od to recon/ruct = ourselves ! asc5d5cy ( musical influ5ce 9 ord] to receive some?+ ( ! incomp>able com=t :i* mu/ be *>act]i/ic ( true trag$y4 ,ev5 ?is musical asc5d5cy1 h[ev]1 w\ld only h be5 felt by u z su* _h we be5 ,greeks3 :ile 9 ! entire developm5t ( ,greek music--z comp>$ ) ! inf9itely ri*] music kn[n & famili> to u--we imag9e we he> only ! y\?ful song ( ! musical g5ius inton$ ) a feel+ ( diffid5ce4 ,! ,greeks are1 z ! ,egyptian prie/s say1 et]nal *ildr51 & 9 tragic art also !y are only *ildr5 :o d n "k :at a sublime play-?+ has orig9at$ "u _! h&s &--is be+ demoli%$4 ,t /riv+ ( ! _s ( music = symbolic & my?ical manife/ation1 :i* increases f ! beg9n+s ( lyric poetry to ,attic trag$y1 breaks (f all ( a sudd5 imm$iately aft] atta9+ luxuriant developm5t1 & disappe>s1 z x 71 f ! surface ( ,hell5ic art3 :ile ! ,dionysian view ( ?+s born ( ?is /riv+ lives on 9 ,my/]ies &1 9 its /range/ metamorphoses & debasem5ts1 does n cease to attract e>ne/ natures4 ,w x n "o day rise aga9 z art out ( its my/ic dep?8 ,"h ! "q occupies u1 :e!r ! p[] by ! c\nt]act+ influ5ce ( :i* trag$y p]i%$1 has = all "t /r5g? en\gh to prev5t ! arti/ic reawak+ ( trag$y & ( ! tragic view ( ?+s4 ,if anci5t trag$y 0 driv5 f its c\rse by ! dialectical desire = k & ! optimism ( sci5ce1 x might be inf]r$ t !re is an et]nal conflict betwe5 ! !oretic & ! tragic view ( ?+s1 & only aft] ! _s ( sci5ce has be5 l$ to its b\nd>ies1 & its claim to univ]sal validity has be5 de/roy$ by ! evid5ce ( ^! b\nd>ies1 c we hope = a re-bir? ( trag$y3 = :i* =m ( culture we %\ld h to use ! symbol ( ! music-practis+ ,socrates 9 ! s5se spok5 ( above4 ,9 ?is contra/1 ,i und]/& by ! _s ( sci5ce ! belief :i* fir/ came to light 9 ! p]son ( ,socrates1--! belief 9 ! fa?omabl5ess ( nature & 9 k z a panacea4 ,he :o recalls ! imm$iate consequ5ces ( ?is re/lessly onw>d-press+ _s ( sci5ce w realise at once t my? 0 annihilat$ by x1 & t1 9 consequ5ce ( ?is annihilation1 poetry 0 driv5 z a homeless be+ f h] natural ideal soil4 ,if we h rightly assign$ to music ! capacity to reproduce my? f itself1 we may 9 turn expect to f9d ! _s ( sci5ce on ! pa? :]e x inimically opposes ?is my?opoeic p[] ( music4 ,?is takes place 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,new ,attic ,di?yramb1 ! music ( :i* no long] express$ ! inn] ess5ce1 ! w itself1 b only r5d]$ ! ph5om5on insuffici5tly1 9 an imitation by means ( concepts2 f :i* intr9sically deg5]ate music ! truly musical natures turn$ away ) ! same repugnance t !y felt = ! art-de/roy+ t5d5cy ( ,socrates4 ,! un]r+ in/9ct ( ,ari/ophanes surely did ! prop] ?+ :5 x compris$ ,socrates himself1 ! trag$y ( ,euripides1 & ! music ( ! new ,di?yrambic poets 9 ! same feel+ ( hatr$1 & p]ceiv$ 9 all ?ree ph5om5a ! symptoms ( a deg5]ate culture4 ,by ?is ,new ,di?yramb1 music has 9 an outrage\s mann] be5 made ! imitative portrait ( ph5om5a1 = in/ance1 ( a battle or a /orm at sea1 & has ?us1 ( c\rse1 be5 entirely depriv$ ( its my?opoeic p[]4 ,= if x endeav\rs to excite our delight only by compell+ u to seek ext]nal analogies betwe5 a vital or natural process & c]ta9 rhy?mical figures & *>act]i/ic s\nds ( music2 if our und]/&+ is expect$ to satisfy itself ) ! p]ception ( ^! analogies1 we are r$uc$ to a frame ( m9d 9 :i* ! reception ( ! my?ical is impossible2 = ! my? z a unique exempl> ( g5]ality & tru? t[]+ into ! inf9ite1 desires to be conspicu\sly p]ceiv$4 ,! truly ,dionysean music pres5ts itself to u z su* a g5]al mirror ( ! univ]sal w3 ! conspicu\s ev5t :i* is refract$ 9 ?is mirror exp&s at once = our consci\sness to ! copy ( an et]nal tru?4 ,conv]sely1 su* a conspici\s ev5t is at once dive/$ ( e my?ical "* by ! tone-pa9t+ ( ! ,new ,di?yramb2 music has "h become a wret*$ copy ( ! ph5om5on1 & !re=e inf9itely poor] ?an ! ph5om5on itself3 ?r\gh :i* pov]ty x /ill fur!r r$uces ev5 ! ph5om5on = our consci\sness1 s t n[1 = in/ance1 a musically imitat$ battle ( ?is sort exhau/s itself 9 m>*es1 signal-s\nds1 etc41 & our imag9ation is arre/$ precisely by ^! sup]ficialities4 ,tone-pa9t+ is !re=e 9 e respect ! c\nt]p>t ( true music ) its my?opoeic p[]3 ?r\gh x ! ph5om5on1 poor 9 itself1 is made /ill poor]1 :ile ?r\gh an isolat$ ,dionysian music ! ph5om5on is evolv$ & exp&$ into a picture ( ! _w4 ,x 0 an imm5se triumph ( ! non-,dionysian _s1 :51 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,new ,di?yramb1 x _h e/rang$ music f itself & r$uc$ x to be ! slave ( ph5om5a4 ,euripides1 :o1 albeit 9 a high] s5se1 mu/ be designat$ z a ?or\ghly unmusical nature1 is = ?is v reason a passionate adh]5t ( ! ,new ,di?yrambic ,music1 & ) ! lib]ality ( a freeboot] employs all its effective turns & mann]isms4 ,9 ano!r direction also we see at "w ! p[] ( ?is un-,dionysian1 my?-oppos+ _s1 :5 we turn our eyes to ! preval5ce ( "* repres5tation & psy*ological ref9em5t f ,sophocles onw>ds4 ,! "* mu/ no long] be exp&$ into an et]nal type1 b1 on ! contr>y1 mu/ op]ate individually ?r\gh arti/ic by-traits & %ad+s1 ?r\gh ! nice/ precision ( all l9es1 9 su* a mann] t ! spectator is 9 g5]al no long] consci\s ( ! my?1 b ( ! mighty nature-my? & ! imitative p[] ( ! arti/4 ,"h also we obs]ve ! victory ( ! ph5om5on ov] ! ,univ]sal1 & ! delight 9 ! p>ticul> quasi-anatomical prep>ation2 we actually brea! ! air ( a !oretical _w1 9 :i* sci5tific k is valu$ m highly ?an ! arti/ic reflection ( a univ]sal law4 ,! movem5t along ! l9e ( ! repres5tation ( "* proce$s rapidly3 :ile ,sophocles /ill del9eates complete *>act]s & employs my? = _! ref9$ developm5t1 ,euripides already del9eates only prom95t individual traits ( "*1 :i* c express !mselves 9 viol5t bur/s ( passion2 9 ! ,new ,attic ,com$y1 h[ev]1 !re are only masks ) "o expression3 frivol\s old m51 dup$ p&]s1 & cunn+ slaves 9 untir+ repetition4 ,:]e n[ is ! my?opoeic _s ( music8 ,:at is /ill left n[ ( music is ei!r excitatory music or s\v5ir music1 t is1 ei!r a /imulant = dull & us$-up n]ves1 or tone-pa9t+4 ,z reg>ds ! =m]1 x h>dly matt]s ab\t ! text set to x3 ! h]oes & *oruses ( ,euripides are already dissolute en\gh :5 once !y beg9 to s+2 to :at pass mu/ ?+s h come ) 8 braz5 successors8 ,! new un-,dionysian _s1 h[ev]1 manife/s itself mo/ cle>ly 9 ! dn\em5ts ( ! new dramas4 ,9 ! ,old ,trag$y "o c\ld feel at ! close ! metaphysical com=t1 )\t :i* ! delight 9 trag$y _c be expla9$ at all2 ! conciliat+ tones f ano!r _w s\nd pure/1 p]haps1 9 ! dipus at ,colonus4 ,n[ t ! g5ius ( music has fl$ f trag$y1 trag$y is1 /rictly speak+1 dead3 = f :5ce c\ld "o n[ draw ! metaphysical com=t8 ,"o s\ght1 !re=e1 = an e>?ly unravelm5t ( ! tragic dissonance2 ! h]o1 aft] he _h be5 suffici5tly tortur$ by fate1 reap$ a well-des]v$ rew>d ?r\gh a sup]b m>riage or div9e tok5s ( fav\r4 ,! h]o _h turn$ gladiator1 on :om1 aft] be+ lib]ally batt]$ ab\t & cov]$ ) w\nds1 fre$om 0 occasionally be/[$4 ,! deus ex ma*9a took ! place ( metaphysical com=t4 ,i w n say t ! tragic view ( ?+s 0 ev]y:]e completely de/roy$ by ! intrud+ _s ( ! un-,dionysian3 we only "k t x 0 compell$ to flee f art into ! "u-_w z x 71 9 ! deg5]ate =m ( a secret cult4 ,ov] ! wide/ ext5t ( ! ,hell5ic "*1 h[ev]1 !re rag$ ! consum+ bla/ ( ?is _s1 :i* manife/s itself 9 ! =m ( ,greek *e]fulness1 :i* we h already spok5 ( z a s5ile1 unproductive love ( exi/5ce2 ?is *e]fulness is ! c\nt]p>t ( ! spl5did navet ( ! e>li] ,greeks1 :i*1 accord+ to ! *>act]i/ic indicat$ above1 mu/ be conceiv$ z ! blossom ( ! ,apollonian culture gr[+ out ( a d>k abyss1 z ! victory :i* ! ,hell5ic w1 ?r\gh its mirror+ ( beauty1 obta9s ov] suff]+ & ! wisdom ( suff]+4 ,! noble/ manife/ation ( t o!r =m ( ,greek *e]fulness1 ! ,alex&r9e1 is ! *e]fulness ( ! !oretical man3 x exhibits ! same symptomatic *>act]i/ics z ,i h j inf]r$ conc]n+ ! _s ( ! un-,dionysian3--x combats ,dionysian wisdom & art1 x seeks to dissolve my?1 x sub/itutes = metaphysical com=t an e>?ly consonance1 9 fact1 a deus ex ma*9a ( its own1 namely ! god ( ma*9es & crucibles1 t is1 ! p[]s ( ! g5ii ( nature recognis$ & employ$ 9 ! s]vice ( high] egoism2 x believes 9 am5d+ ! _w by k1 9 guid+ life by sci5ce1 & t x c really conf9e ! individual )9 a n>r[ sph]e ( solvable problems1 :]e he *e]fully says to life3 ,i desire !e3 x is wor? :ile to "k !e4 #ah4 ,x is an et]nal ph5om5on3 ! avidi\s w c always1 by means ( an illusion spread ov] ?+s1 deta9 its creatures 9 life & compel !m to live on4 ,"o is *a9$ by ! ,socratic love ( k & ! va9 hope ( be+ able !reby to heal ! et]nal w\nd ( exi/5ce2 ano!r is ensn>$ by art's s$uctive veil ( beauty flutt]+ be=e 8 eyes2 /ill ano!r by ! metaphysical com=t t et]nal life fl[s on inde/ructibly b5ea? ! :irl ( ph5om5a3 to say no?+ ( ! m ord9>y & almo/ m p[]ful illusions :i* ! w has always at h&4 ,^! ?ree specim5s ( illusion are on ! :ole design$ only = ! m nobly end[$ natures1 :o 9 g5]al feel pr(\ndly ! weight & burd5 ( exi/5ce1 & mu/ be delud$ into =getfulness ( _! displeasure by exquisite /imulants4 ,all t we call culture is made up ( ^! /imulants2 &1 accord+ to ! proportion ( ! +r$i5ts1 we h ei!r a specially ,socratic or arti/ic or tragic culture3 or1 if hi/orical exemplifications are want$1 !re is ei!r an ,alex&r9e or a ,hell5ic or a ,buddhi/ic culture4 ,our :ole mod]n _w is entangl$ 9 ! me%es ( ,alex&r9e culture1 & recognises z its ideal ! !ori/ equipp$ ) ! mo/ pot5t means ( k1 & lab\r+ 9 ! s]vice ( sci5ce1 ( :om ! ar*etype & prog5itor is ,socrates4 ,all our educational me?ods h orig9ally ?is ideal 9 view3 e o!r =m ( exi/5ce mu/ /ruggle onw>ds we>isomely beside x1 z some?+ tol]at$1 b n int5d$4 ,9 an almo/ al>m+ mann] ! cultur$ man 0 "h f\nd = a long "t only 9 ! =m ( ! s*ol>3 ev5 our poetical arts h be5 =c$ to evolve f le>n$ imitations1 & 9 ! ma9 effect ( ! rhyme we /ill recognise ! orig9 ( our poetic =m f arti/ic exp]im5ts ) a non-native & ?or\ghly le>n$ language4 ,h[ un9telligible mu/ ,fau/1 ! mod]n cultur$ man1 :o is 9 himself intelligible1 h appe>$ to a true ,greek1--,fau/1 /orm+ discont5t$ly ?r\gh all ! faculties1 devot$ to magic & ! devil f a desire = k1 :om we h only to place alongside ( ,socrates = ! purpose ( comp>ison1 9 ord] to see t mod]n man beg9s to div9e ! b\nd>ies ( ?is ,socratic love ( p]ception & longs = a coa/ 9 ! wide wa/e ( ! ocean ( k4 ,:5 ,goe! on "o occasion said to ,eck]mann ) ref]5ce to ,napoleon3 ,yes1 my good fri5d1 !re is also a productiv5ess ( de$s1 he rem9d$ u 9 a *>m+ly nave mann] t ! non-!ori/ is some?+ incr$ible & a/\nd+ to mod]n man2 s t ! wisdom ( ,goe! is ne$$ once m 9 ord] to discov] t su* a surpris+ =m ( exi/5ce is compreh5sible1 nay ev5 p>donable4 ,n[1 we mu/ n hide f ourselves :at is conceal$ 9 ! he>t ( ?is ,socratic culture3 ,optimism1 deem+ itself absolute6 ,well1 we mu/ n be al>m$ if ! fruits ( ?is optimism rip51--if society1 leav5$ to ! v l[e/ /rata by ?is k9d ( culture1 gradually beg9s to tremble ?r\gh wanton agitations & desires1 if ! belief 9 ! e>?ly happ9ess ( all1 if ! belief 9 ! possibility ( su* a g5]al intellectual culture is gradually trans=m$ into ! ?reat5+ dem& = su* an ,alex&r9e e>?ly happ9ess1 into ! conjur+ ( a ,euripidean deus ex ma*9a4 ,let u m>k ?is well3 ! ,alex&r9e culture requires a slave class1 to be able to exi/ p]man5tly3 b1 9 its optimi/ic view ( life1 x d5ies ! necessity ( su* a class1 & consequ5tly1 :5 ! effect ( its beautifully s$uctive & tranquillis+ utt]ances ab\t ! dignity ( man & ! dignity ( lab\r is sp5t1 x gradually drifts t[>ds a dreadful de/9ation4 ,!re is no?+ m t]rible ?an a b>b>ic slave class1 :o h le>n$ to reg>d _! exi/5ce z an inju/ice1 & n[ prep>e to take v5geance1 n only = !mselves1 b = all g5]ations4 ,9 ! face ( su* ?reat5+ /orms1 :o d>es to appeal ) confid5t _s to our pale & exhau/$ religions1 :i* ev5 9 _! f\ndations h deg5]at$ into s*ola/ic religions8--s t my?1 ! necess>y pr]equisite ( e religion1 is already p>alys$ ev]y:]e1 & ev5 9 ?is doma9 ! optimi/ic _s--:i* we h j designat$ z ! annihilat+ g]m ( society--has atta9$ ! ma/]y4 ,:ile ! evil slumb]+ 9 ! he>t ( !oretical culture gradually beg9s to disquiet mod]n man1 & makes him anxi\sly ransack ! /ores ( 8 exp]i5ce = means to av]t ! dang]1 ?\gh n believ+ v mu* 9 ^! means2 :ile he1 !re=e1 beg9s to div9e ! consequ5ces 8 position involves3 great1 univ]sally gift$ natures h contriv$1 ) an incr$ible am\nt ( ?\ght1 to make use ( ! app>atus ( sci5ce itself1 9 ord] to po9t out ! limits & ! relativity ( k g5]ally1 & ?us def9itely to d5y ! claim ( sci5ce to univ]sal validity & univ]sal ends3 ) :i* demon/ration ! illusory notion 0 = ! fir/ "t recognis$ z su*1 :i* pret5ds1 ) ! aid ( causality1 to be able to fa?om ! inn]mo/ ess5ce ( ?+s4 ,! extraord9>y c\rage & wisdom ( ,kant & ,s*op5hau] h succe$$ 9 ga9+ ! mo/1 difficult1 victory1 ! victory ov] ! optimism hidd5 9 ! ess5ce ( logic1 :i* optimism 9 turn is ! basis ( our culture4 ,:ile ?is optimism1 re/+ on app>5tly unobjectionable t]na v]itates1 believ$ 9 ! intelligibility & solvability ( all ! riddles ( ! _w1 & treat$ space1 "t1 & causality z totally uncondition$ laws ( ! mo/ univ]sal validity1 ,kant1 on ! o!r h&1 %[$ t ^! s]v$ 9 reality only to elevate ! m]e ph5om5on1 ! "w ( ,my1 to ! sole & highe/ reality1 putt+ x 9 place ( ! inn]mo/ & true ess5ce ( ?+s1 ?us mak+ ! actual k ( ?is ess5ce impossible1 t is1 accord+ to ! expression ( ,s*op5hau]1 to lull ! dream] /ill m s\ndly asleep 7,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung1 ,i4 #dih74 ,) ?is k a culture is inaugurat$ :i* ,i v5ture to designate z a tragic culture2 ! mo/ important *>act]i/ic ( :i* is t wisdom takes ! place ( sci5ce z ! highe/ end1--wisdom1 :i*1 un9flu5c$ by ! s$uctive di/ractions ( ! sci5ces1 turns ) unmov$ eye to ! compreh5sive view ( ! _w1 & seeks to appreh5d !re9 ! et]nal suff]+ z its own ) sympa!tic feel+s ( love4 ,let u imag9e a ris+ g5]ation ) ?is undaunt$ness ( vision1 ) ?is h]oic desire = ! prodigi\s1 let u imag9e ! bold /ep ( ^! dragon-slay]s1 ! pr\d & d>+ _s ) :i* !y turn _! backs on all ! effem9ate doctr9es ( optimism 9 ord] to live resolutely 9 ! ,:ole & 9 ! ,full3 w\ld x n be necess>y = ! tragic man ( ?is culture1 ) 8 self-discipl9e to e>ne/ness & t]ror1 to desire a new art1 ! art ( metaphysical com=t1--namely1 trag$y1 z ! ,hell5a belong+ to him1 & t he %\ld exclaim ) ,fau/3 ,und sollt' i* ni*t1 sehns*tig/] ,gewalt1 ,9's ,leb5 ziehn die e9zig/e ,ge/alt8#ba ,b n[ t ! ,socratic culture has be5 %ak5 f two directions1 & is only able to hold ! sceptre ( its infallibility ) trembl+ h&s1--once by ! fe> ( its own conclusions :i* x at l5g? beg9s to surmise1 & aga91 because x is no long] conv9c$ ) its =m] nave tru/ ( ! et]nal validity ( its f\ndation1 --x is a sad spectacle to behold h[ ! dance ( its ?\ght always ru%es long+ly on new =ms1 to embrace !m1 & !n1 %udd]+1 lets !m g ( a sudd51 z ,mephi/opheles does ! s$uctive ,lami4 ,x is c]ta9ly ! symptom ( ! brea* :i* all are wont to speak ( z ! primordial suff]+ ( mod]n culture t ! !oretical man1 al>m$ & dissatisfi$ at 8 own conclusions1 no long] d>es to entru/ himself to ! t]rible ice-/ream ( exi/5ce3 he runs timidly up & d[n ! bank4 ,he no long] wants to h any?+ entire1 ) all ! natural cruelty ( ?+s1 s ?or\ghly has he be5 spoil$ by 8 optimi/ic contemplation4 ,besides1 he feels t a culture built up on ! pr9ciples ( sci5ce mu/ p]i% :5 x beg9s to gr[ illogical1 t is1 to avoid its own conclusions4 ,our art reveals ?is univ]sal tr\ble3 9 va9 does "o seek help by imitat+ all ! great productive p]iods & natures1 9 va9 does "o accumulate ! entire _w-lit]ature ar\nd mod]n man = 8 com=t1 9 va9 does "o place "o's self 9 ! mid/ ( ! art-/yles & arti/s ( all ages1 s t "o may give names to !m z ,adam did to ! bea/s3 "o /ill cont9ues ! et]nal hung]]1 ! critic )\t joy & en]gy1 ! ,alex&r9e man1 :o is 9 ! ma9 a libr>ian & corrector ( pro(s1 & :o1 pitiable wret* goes bl9d f ! du/ ( books & pr9t]s' errors4 #ba ,cf4 ,introduction1 p4 #ad4 #ai4 ,we _c designate ! intr9sic sub/ance ( ,socratic culture m di/9ctly ?an by call+ x ! culture ( ! op]a3 = x is 9 ?is dep>tm5t t culture has express$ itself ) special navet conc]n+ its aims & p]ceptions1 :i* is suffici5tly surpris+ :5 we comp>e ! g5esis ( ! op]a & ! facts ( op]atic developm5t ) ! et]nal tru?s ( ! ,apollonian & ,dionysian4 ,i call to m9d fir/ ( all ! orig9 ( ! /ilo rappres5tativo & ! recitative4 ,is x cr$ible t ?is ?or\ghly ext]nalis$ op]atic music1 incapable ( devotion1 c\ld be receiv$ & *]i%$ ) en?usia/ic fav\r1 z a re-bir?1 z x 71 ( all true music1 by ! v age 9 :i* ! ineffably sublime & sacr$ music ( ,pale/r9a _h orig9at$8 ,& :o1 on ! o!r h&1 w\ld ?9k ( mak+ only ! div]sion-crav+ luxuri\sness ( ^? ,flor5t9e circles & ! vanity ( _! dramatic s+]s responsible = ! love ( ! op]a :i* spread ) su* rapidity8 ,t 9 ! same age1 ev5 among ! same p1 ?is passion = a half-musical mode ( spee* %\ld awak5 alongside ( ! vault$ /ructure ( ,pale/r9e h>monies :i* ! entire ,*ri/ian ,middle ,age _h be5 build+ up1 ,i c expla9 to myself only by a co-op]at+ extra-arti/ic t5d5cy 9 ! ess5ce ( ! recitative4 ,! li/5]1 :o insi/s on di/9ctly he>+ ! words "u ! music1 has 8 wi%es met by ! s+] 9 t he speaks r ?an s+s1 & int5sifies ! pa!tic expression ( ! words 9 ?is half-song3 by ?is int5sification ( ! pa?os he facilitates ! und]/&+ ( ! words & surm\nts ! rema9+ half ( ! music4 ,! specific dang] :i* n[ ?reat5s him is t 9 "s ungu>d$ mom5t he may give undue importance to music1 :i* w\ld =?) result 9 ! de/ruction ( ! pa?os ( ! spee* & ! di/9ctness ( ! words3 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 he always feels himself impell$ to musical deliv]y & to virtuose exhibition ( vocal tal5t4 ,"h ! poet comes to 8 aid1 :o kn[s h[ to provide him ) abundant opportunities = lyrical int]jections1 repetitions ( words & s5t5ces1 etc41--at :i* places ! s+]1 n[ 9 ! purely musical elem5t1 c re/ himself )\t m9d+ ! words4 ,?is alt]nation ( emotionally impressive1 yet only half-sung spee* & :olly sung int]jections1 :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! /ilo rappres5tativo1 ?is rapidly *ang+ endeav\r to op]ate n[ on ! conceptional & repres5tative faculty ( ! he>]1 n[ on 8 musical s5se1 is some?+ s ?or\ghly unnatural & )al s intr9sically contradictory bo? to ! ,apollonian & ,dionysian arti/ic impulses1 t "o has to inf] an orig9 ( ! recitative =eign to all arti/ic in/9cts4 ,! recitative mu/ be def9$1 accord+ to ?is description1 z ! comb9ation ( epic & lyric deliv]y1 n inde$ z an intr9sically /able comb9ation :i* c\ld n be atta9$ 9 ! case ( su* totally disp>ate elem5ts1 b an entirely sup]ficial mosaic conglut9ation1 su* z is totally unprec$5t$ 9 ! doma9 ( nature & exp]i5ce4 ,b ?is 0 n ! op9ion ( ! inv5tors ( ! recitative3 !y !mselves1 & _! age ) !m1 believ$ r t ! my/]y ( antique music _h be5 solv$ by ?is /ilo rappres5tativo1 9 :i*1 z !y ?\ght1 ! only explanation ( ! enorm\s influ5ce ( an ,orpheus1 an ,amphion1 & ev5 ( ,greek trag$y 0 to be f\nd4 ,! new /yle 0 reg>d$ by !m z ! re-awak5+ ( ! mo/ effective music1 ! ,old ,greek music3 inde$1 ) ! univ]sal & popul> conception ( ! ,hom]ic _w z ! primitive _w1 !y c\ld ab&on !mselves to ! dream ( hav+ desc5d$ once m into ! p>adisiac beg9n+s ( mank9d1 :]e9 music also mu/ ne$s h _h ! unsurpass$ purity1 p[]1 & innoc5ce ( :i* ! poets c\ld give su* t\*+ acc\nts 9 _! pa/oral plays4 ,"h we see into ! int]nal process ( developm5t ( ?is ?or\ghly mod]n v>iety ( art1 ! op]a3 a p[]ful ne$ "h acquires an art1 b x is a ne$ ( an un/hetic k9d3 ! ye>n+ = ! idyll1 ! belief 9 ! prehi/oric exi/5ce ( ! arti/ic1 good man4 ,! recitative 0 reg>d$ z ! r$iscov]$ language ( ?is primitive man2 ! op]a z ! recov]$ l& ( ?is idyllically or h]oically good creature1 :o 9 e action foll[s at ! same "t a natural arti/ic impulse1 :o s+s a little along ) all he has to say1 9 ord] to s+ imm$iately ) full voice on ! slighte/ emotional excitem5t4 ,x is n[ a matt] ( indiff]5ce to u t ! humani/s ( ^? days combat$ ! old ecclesia/ical repres5tation ( man z naturally corrupt & lo/1 ) ?is new-creat$ picture ( ! p>adisiac arti/3 s t op]a may be und]/ood z ! oppositional dogma ( ! good man1 :]eby h[ev] a solace 0 at ! same "t f\nd = ! pessimism to :i* precisely ! s]i\sly-dispos$ m5 ( t "t 7 mo/ /rongly incit$1 ow+ to ! frightful unc]ta9ty ( all conditions ( life4 ,x is en\gh to h p]ceiv$ t ! intr9sic *>m1 & !re=e ! g5esis1 ( ?is new =m ( art lies 9 ! gratification ( an altoge!r un/hetic ne$1 9 ! optimi/ic glorification ( man z su*1 9 ! conception ( ! primitive man z ! man naturally good & arti/ic3 a pr9ciple ( ! op]a :i* has gradually *ang$ into a ?reat5+ & t]rible dem&1 :i*1 9 face ( ! sociali/ic movem5ts ( ! pres5t "t1 we c no long] ignore4 ,! good primitive man wants 8 rights3 :at p>adisiac prospects6 ,i "h place by way ( p>allel /ill ano!r equally obvi\s confirmation ( my view t op]a is built up on ! same pr9ciples z our ,alex&r9e culture4 ,op]a is ! bir? ( ! !oretical man1 ( ! critical layman1 n ( ! arti/3 "o ( ! mo/ surpris+ facts 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( art4 ,x 0 ! dem& ( ?or\ghly unmusical he>]s t ! words mu/ above all be und]/ood1 s t accord+ to !m a re-bir? ( music is only to be expect$ :5 "s mode ( s++ has be5 discov]$ 9 :i* ! text-^w lords ov] ! c\nt]po9t z ! ma/] ov] ! s]vant4 ,= ! words1 x is argu$1 are z mu* nobl] ?an ! accompany+ h>monic sy/em z ! s\l is nobl] ?an ! body4 ,x 0 9 accordance ) ! laically unmusical crud5ess ( ^! views t ! comb9ation ( music1 picture & expression 0 effect$ 9 ! beg9n+s ( ! op]a3 9 ! _s ( ?is /hetics ! fir/ exp]im5ts 7 also made 9 ! lead+ laic circles ( ,flor5ce by ! poets & s+]s patronis$ !re4 ,! man incapable ( art creates = himself a species ( art precisely because he is ! in>ti/ic man z su*4 ,because he does n div9e ! ,dionysian dep? ( music1 he *anges 8 musical ta/e into appreciation ( ! und]/&able ^w-&-tone-rhetoric ( ! passions 9 ! /ilo rappres5tativo1 & into ! voluptu\sness ( ! arts ( song2 because he is unable to behold a vision1 he =ces ! ma*9i/ & ! decorative arti/ into 8 s]vice2 because he _c appreh5d ! true nature ( ! arti/1 he conjures up ! arti/ic primitive man to suit 8 ta/e1 t is1 ! man :o s+s & recites v]ses "u ! influ5ce ( passion4 ,he dreams himself into a "t :5 passion suffices to g5]ate songs & poems3 z if emotion _h ev] be5 able to create any?+ arti/ic4 ,! po/ulate ( ! op]a is a false belief conc]n+ ! arti/ic process1 9 fact1 ! idyllic belief t e s5ti5t man is an arti/4 ,9 ! s5se ( ?is belief1 op]a is ! expression ( ! ta/e ( ! laity 9 art1 :o dictate _! laws ) ! *e]ful optimism ( ! !ori/4 ,%\ld we desire to unite 9 "o ! two conceptions j set =? z influ5tial 9 ! orig9 ( op]a1 x w\ld only rema9 = u to speak ( an idyllic t5d5cy ( ! op]a3 9 :i* connection we may avail ourselves exclusively ( ! phraseology & illu/ration ( ,s*ill]4#bb ,nature & ! ideal1 he says1 are ei!r objects ( grief1 :5 ! =m] is repres5t$ z lo/1 ! latt] unatta9$2 or bo? are objects ( joy1 9 t !y are repres5t$ z real4 ,! fir/ case furni%es ! elegy 9 its n>r[] signification1 ! second ! idyll 9 its wide/ s5se4 ,"h we mu/ at once call att5tion to ! common *>act]i/ic ( ^! two conceptions 9 op]atic g5esis1 namely1 t 9 !m ! ideal is n reg>d$ z unatta9$ or nature z lo/ ,agreeably to ?is s5tim5t1 !re 0 a primitive age ( man :5 he lay close to ! he>t ( nature1 &1 ow+ to ?is naturalness1 _h atta9$ ! ideal ( mank9d 9 a p>adisiac goodness & arti/-organisation3 f :i* p]fect primitive man all ( u 7 suppos$ to be desc5d$2 ^: fai?ful copy we 7 9 fact /ill said to be3 only we _h to ca/ (f "s few ?+s 9 ord] to recognise ourselves once m z ?is primitive man1 on ! /r5g? ( a volunt>y r5unciation ( sup]flu\s le>n$ness1 ( sup]-abundant culture4 ,x 0 to su* a concord ( nature & ! ideal1 to an idyllic reality1 t ! cultur$ man ( ! ,r5aissance suff]$ himself to be l$ back by 8 op]atic imitation ( ,greek trag$y2 he made use ( ?is trag$y1 z ,dante made use ( ,v]gil1 9 ord] to be l$ up to ! gates ( p>adise3 :ile f ?is po9t he w5t on )\t assi/ance & pass$ ov] f an imitation ( ! highe/ =m ( ,greek art to a re/oration ( all ?+s1 to an imitation ( man's orig9al art-_w4 ,:at delightfully nave hopefulness ( ^! d>+ endeav\rs1 9 ! v he>t ( !oretical culture6--solely to be expla9$ by ! com=t+ belief1 t man-9-himself is ! et]nally virtu\s h]o ( ! op]a1 ! et]nally flut+ or s++ %eph]d1 :o mu/ always 9 ! end r$iscov] himself z su*1 if he has at any "t really lo/ himself2 solely ! fruit ( ! optimism1 :i* "h rises l a sweeti%ly s$uctive column ( vap\r out ( ! dep? ( ! ,socratic conception ( ! _w4 ,! features ( ! op]a !re=e d n by any means exhibit ! elegiac sorr[ ( an et]nal loss1 b r ! *e]fulness ( et]nal r$iscov]y1 ! indol5t delight 9 an idyllic reality :i* "o c at lea/ repres5t to "o's self ea* mom5t z real3 & 9 s do+ "o w p]haps surmise "s day t ?is suppos$ reality is no?+ b a fanta/ically silly dawdl+1 conc]n+ :i* e "o1 :o c\ld judge x by ! t]rible e>ne/ness ( true nature & comp>e x ) ! actual primitive sc5es ( ! beg9n+s ( mank9d1 w\ld h to call out ) loa?+3 ,away ) ! phantom6 ,nev]!less "o w\ld err if "o ?\ght x possible to fright5 away m]ely by a vigor\s %\t su* a dawdl+ ?+ z ! op]a1 z if x 7 a spectre4 ,he :o w\ld de/roy ! op]a mu/ jo9 issue ) ,alex&r9e *e]fulness1 :i* expresses itself s navely !re9 conc]n+ its fav\rite repres5tation2 ( :i* 9 fact x is ! specific =m ( art4 ,b :at is to be expect$ = art itself f ! op]ation ( a =m ( art1 ! beg9n+s ( :i* d n at all lie 9 ! /hetic prov9ce2 :i* has r /ol5 ov] f a half-moral sph]e into ! arti/ic doma91 & has be5 able only n[ & !n to delude u conc]n+ ?is hybrid orig98 ,by :at sap is ?is p>asitic op]a-conc]n n\ri%$1 if n by t ( true art8 ,mu/ we n suppose t ! highe/ & inde$ ! truly s]i\s task ( art--to free ! eye f its glance into ! horrors ( night & to deliv] ! subject by ! heal+ balm ( appe>ance f ! spasms ( volitional agitations--w deg5]ate "u ! influ5ce ( its idyllic s$uctions & ,alex&r9e adulation to an empty dissipat+ t5d5cy1 to pa/ime8 ,:at w become ( ! et]nal tru?s ( ! ,dionysian & ,apollonian 9 su* an amalgamation ( /yles z ,i h exhibit$ 9 ! "* ( ! /ilo rappres5tativo8 :]e music is reg>d$ z ! s]vant1 ! text z ! ma/]1 :]e music is comp>$ ) ! body1 ! text ) ! s\l8 :]e at be/ ! highe/ aim w be ! realisation ( a p>aphra/ic tone-pa9t+1 j z =m]ly 9 ! ,new ,attic ,di?yramb8 :]e music is completely ali5at$ f its true dignity ( be+1 ! ,dionysian mirror ( ! _w1 s t ! only ?+ left to x is1 z a slave ( ph5om5a1 to imitate ! =mal "* !re(1 & to excite an ext]nal pleasure 9 ! play ( l9es & proportions4 ,on close obs]vation1 ?is fatal influ5ce ( ! op]a on music is se5 to co9cide absolutely ) ! univ]sal developm5t ( mod]n music2 ! optimism lurk+ 9 ! g5esis ( ! op]a & 9 ! ess5ce ( culture repres5t$ !reby1 has1 ) al>m+ rapidity1 succe$$ 9 dive/+ music ( its ,dionyso-cosmic mission & 9 impress+ on x a playfully =mal & pleasurable "*3 a *ange ) :i* p]haps only ! metamorphosis ( ! s*ylean man into ! *e]ful ,alex&r9e man c\ld be comp>$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 9 ! exemplification h]e) indicat$ we h rightly associat$ ! evanesc5ce ( ! ,dionysian _s ) a mo/ /rik+1 b hi!rto unexpla9$ trans=mation & deg5]ation ( ! ,hell5e--:at hopes mu/ revive 9 u :5 ! mo/ tru/wor?y auspices gu>antee ! rev]se process1 ! gradual awak5+ ( ! ,dionysian _s 9 our mod]n _w6 ,x is impossible = ! div9e /r5g? ( ,h]akles to langui% = ev] 9 voluptu\s bondage to ,omphale4 ,out ( ! ,dionysian root ( ! ,g]man _s a p[] has aris5 :i* has no?+ 9 common ) ! primitive conditions ( ,socratic culture1 & c nei!r be expla9$ nor excus$ !reby1 b is r reg>d$ by ?is culture z some?+ t]ribly inexplicable & ov]:elm+ly ho/ile1--namely1 ,g]man music z we h to und]/& x1 especially 9 its va/ sol> orbit f ,ba* to ,bee?ov51 f ,bee?ov5 to ,wagn]4 ,:at ev5 "u ! mo/ fav\rable circum/ances c ! k-crav+ ,socratism ( our days d ) ?is demon ris+ f unfa?omable dep?s8 ,nei!r by means ( ! zig-zag & arabesque "w ( op]atic melody1 nor ) ! aid ( ! ari?metical c\nt+ bo>d ( fugue & contrapuntal dialectics is ! =mula to be f\nd1 9 ! trebly p[]ful light#bc ( :i* "o c\ld subdue ?is demon & compel x to speak4 ,:at a spectacle1 :5 our /hetes1 ) a net ( beauty peculi> to !mselves1 n[ pursue & clut* at ! g5ius ( music romp+ ab\t be=e !m ) incompreh5sible life1 & 9 s do+ display activities :i* are n to be judg$ by ! /&>d ( et]nal beauty any m ?an by ! /&>d ( ! sublime4 ,let u b obs]ve ^! patrons ( music z !y are1 at close range1 :5 !y call out s indefatigably beauty6 beauty6 to discov] :e!r !y h ! m>ks ( nature's d>l+ *ildr5 :o are fo/]$ & fondl$ 9 ! lap ( ! beautiful1 or :e!r !y d n r seek a disguise = _! own rud5ess1 an /hetical pretext = _! own unemotional insipidity3 ,i am ?9k+ "h1 = in/ance1 ( ,otto ,jahn4 ,b let ! li> & ! hypocrite bew>e ( our ,g]man music3 = 9 ! mid/ ( all our culture x is really ! only g5u9e1 pure & purify+ fire-_s f :i* & t[>ds :i*1 z 9 ! tea*+ ( ! great ,h]aclitus ( ,ephesus1 all ?+s move 9 a d\ble orbit-all t we n[ call culture1 education1 civilisation1 mu/ appe> "s day be=e ! un]r+ judge1 ,dionysus4 ,let u recollect fur!rmore h[ ,kant & ,s*op5hau] made x possible = ! _s ( ,g]man philosophy /ream+ f ! same s\rces to annihilate ! satisfi$ delight 9 exi/5ce ( sci5tific ,socratism by ! delimitation ( ! b\nd>ies !re(2 h[ ?r\gh ?is delimitation an inf9itely pr(\nd] & m s]i\s view ( e?ical problems & ( art 0 inaugurat$1 :i* we may unhesitat+ly designate z ,dionysian wisdom compris$ 9 concepts4 ,to :at !n does ! my/]y ( ?is on5ess ( ,g]man music & philosophy po9t1 if n to a new =m ( exi/5ce1 conc]n+ ! sub/ance ( :i* we c only in=m ourselves pres5ti5tly f ,hell5ic analogies8 ,= to u :o /& on ! b\nd>y l9e betwe5 two diff]5t =ms ( exi/5ce1 ! ,hell5ic prototype reta9s ! immeasurable value1 t !re9 all ^! transitions & /ruggles are impr9t$ 9 a classically in/ructive =m3 except t we1 z x 71 exp]i5ce analogically 9 rev]se ord] ! *ief epo*s ( ! ,hell5ic g5ius1 & seem n[1 = in/ance1 to pass backw>ds f ! ,alex&r9e age to ! p]iod ( trag$y4 ,at ! same "t we h ! feel+ t ! bir? ( a tragic age betok5s only a return to itself ( ! ,g]man _s1 a bless$ self-r$iscov]+ aft] excessive & urg5t ext]nal influ5ces h = a long "t compell$ x1 liv+ z x did 9 helpless b>b>ic =mlessness1 to s]vitude "u _! =m4 ,x may at la/1 aft] return+ to ! primitive s\rce ( its be+1 v5ture to /alk along boldly & freely be=e all nations )\t hugg+ ! lead+-/r+s ( a ,romanic civilisation3 if only x c le>n implicitly ( "o p--! ,greeks1 ( :om to le>n at all is itself a high hon\r & a r>e di/9ction4 ,& :5 did we require ^! highe/ ( all tea*]s m ?an at pres5t1 :5 we exp]i5ce a re-bir? ( trag$y & are 9 dang] alike ( n kn[+ :5ce x comes1 & ( be+ unable to make cle> to ourselves :i!r x t5ds4 #bb ,essay on ,elegiac ,poetry4--,,tr4 #bc ,see ,fau/1 ,"p #a4a4 #ife--,,tr4 #bj4 ,x may be weigh$ "s day be=e an imp>tial judge1 9 :at "t & 9 :at m5 ! ,g]man _s has ?us f> /riv5 mo/ resolutely to le>n ( ! ,greeks3 & if we confid5tly assume t ?is unique praise mu/ be accord$ to ! noble/ intellectual ef=ts ( ,goe!1 ,s*ill]1 & ,w9kelmann1 x w c]ta9ly h to be add$ t s9ce _! "t1 & subsequ5tly to ! m imm$iate influ5ces ( ^! ef=ts1 ! endeav\r to atta9 to culture & to ! ,greeks by ?is pa? has 9 an incompreh5sible mann] gr[n feebl] & feebl]4 ,9 ord] n to despair altoge!r ( ! ,g]man _s1 mu/ we n inf] !refrom t possibly1 9 "s ess5tial matt]1 ev5 ^! *ampions c\ld n p5etrate into ! core ( ! ,hell5ic nature1 & 7 unable to e/abli% a p]man5t fri5dly alliance betwe5 ,g]man & ,greek culture8 ,s t p]haps an unconsci\s p]ception ( ?is %ortcom+ might raise also 9 m s]i\s m9ds ! di%e>t5+ d\bt z to :e!r aft] su* pr$ecessors !y c\ld advance /ill f>!r on ?is pa? ( culture1 or c\ld rea* ! goal at all4 ,accord+ly1 we see ! op9ions conc]n+ ! value ( ,greek contribution to culture deg5]ate s9ce t "t 9 ! mo/ al>m+ mann]2 ! expression ( compassionate sup]iority may be he>d 9 ! mo/ het]og5e\s intellectual & non-intellectual camps1 & else:]e a totally ineffective declamation dallies ) ,greek h>mony1 ,greek beauty1 ,greek *e]fulness4 ,& 9 ! v circles ^: dignity x might be to draw indefatigably f ! ,greek *annel = ! good ( ,g]man culture1 9 ! circles ( ! tea*]s 9 ! high] educational in/itutions1 !y h le>n$ be/ to compromise ) ! ,greeks 9 good "t & on easy t]ms1 to ! ext5t (t5 ( a sceptical ab&onm5t ( ! ,hell5ic ideal & a total p]v]sion ( ! true purpose ( antiqu>ian /udies4 ,if !re be any "o at all 9 ^! circles :o has n completely exhau/$ himself 9 ! endeav\r to be a tru/wor?y corrector ( old texts or a natural-hi/ory microscopi/ ( language1 he p]haps seeks also to appropriate ,grecian antiquity hi/orically along ) o!r antiquities1 & 9 any case accord+ to ! me?od & ) ! sup]cili\s air ( our pres5t cultur$ hi/oriography4 ,:51 !re=e1 ! intr9sic effici5cy ( ! high] educational in/itutions has nev] p]haps be5 l[] or feebl] ?an at pres5t1 :5 ! j\rnali/1 ! pap] slave ( ! day1 has triumph$ ov] ! academic tea*] 9 all matt]s p]ta9+ to culture1 & !re only rema9s to ! latt] ! (t5 previ\sly exp]i5c$ metamorphosis ( n[ flutt]+ also1 z a *e]ful cultur$ butt]fly1 9 ! idiom ( ! j\rnali/1 ) ! light elegance peculi> !reto--) :at pa9ful confusion mu/ ! cultur$ p]sons ( a p]iod l ! pres5t gaze at ! ph5om5on 7:i* c p]haps be compreh5d$ analogically only by means ( ! pr(\nde/ pr9ciple ( ! hi!rto un9telligible ,hell5ic g5ius7 ( ! reawak5+ ( ! ,dionysian _s & ! re-bir? ( trag$y8 ,nev] has !re be5 ano!r art-p]iod 9 :i* s-call$ culture & true art h be5 s e/rang$ & oppos$1 z is s obvi\sly ! case at pres5t4 ,we und]/& :y s feeble a culture hates true art2 x fe>s de/ruction !reby4 ,b mu/ n an entire doma9 ( culture1 namely ! ,socratic-,alex&r9e1 h exhau/$ its p[]s aft] contriv+ to culm9ate 9 su* a da9tily-tap]+ po9t z our pres5t culture8 ,:5 x 0 n p]mitt$ to h]oes l ,goe! & ,s*ill] to break op5 ! en*ant$ gate :i* leads into ! ,hell5ic magic m\nta91 :5 ) _! mo/ dauntless /riv+ !y did n get beyond ! long+ gaze :i* ! ,goe!an ,iphig5ia ca/ f b>b>ic ,tauris to h] home across ! ocean1 :at c\ld ! epigones ( su* h]oes hope =1 if ! gate %\ld n op5 to !m sudd5ly ( its own accord1 9 an entirely diff]5t position1 q ov]look$ 9 all endeav\rs ( culture hi!rto--amid/ ! my/ic tones ( reawak5$ tragic music4 ,let no "o attempt to weak5 our fai? 9 an imp5d+ re-bir? ( ,hell5ic antiquity2 = 9 x alone we f9d our hope ( a r5ovation & purification ( ! ,g]man _s ?r\gh ! fire-magic ( music4 ,:at else d we "k ( amid/ ! pres5t desolation & languor ( culture1 :i* c\ld awak5 any com=t+ expectation = ! future8 ,we look 9 va9 = "o s+le vigor\sly-bran*+ root1 = a speck ( f]tile & heal?y soil3 !re is du/1 s&1 torpidness & langui%+ ev]y:]e6 ,"u su* circum/ances a *e]less solit>y w&]] c\ld *oose = himself no bett] symbol ?an ! ,knight ) ,dea? & ! ,devil1 z ,dr] has sket*$ him = u1 ! mail-clad knight1 grim & /]n ( visage1 :o is able1 unp]turb$ by 8 gruesome companions1 & yet hopelessly1 to pursue 8 t]rible pa? ) horse & h\nd alone4 ,our ,s*op5hau] 0 su* a ,dr]ian knight3 he 0 de/itute ( all hope1 b he s\ght ! tru?4 ,!re is n 8 equal4 ,b h[ sudd5ly ?is gloomily depict$ wild]ness ( our exhau/$ culture *anges :5 ! ,dionysian magic t\*es x6 ,a hurricane seizes ev]y?+ decrepit1 decay+1 collaps$1 & /unt$2 wraps x :irl+ly into a r$ cl\d ( du/2 & c>ries x l a vulture into ! air4 ,confus$ !reby1 our glances seek = :at has vani%$3 = :at !y see is some?+ ris5 to ! gold5 light z f a depression1 s full & gre51 s luxuriantly alive1 s ard5tly inf9ite4 ,trag$y sits 9 ! mid/ ( ?is exub]ance ( life1 sorr[ & joy1 9 sublime ec/asy2 %e li/5s to a di/ant doleful song--x tells ( ! ,mo!rs ( ,be+1 ^: names are3 ,wahn1 ,wille1 ,wehe#ba--,yes1 my fri5ds1 believe ) me 9 ,dionysian life & 9 ! re-bir? ( trag$y4 ,! "t ( ! ,socratic man is pa/3 cr[n y\rselves ) ivy1 take 9 y\r h&s ! ?yrsus1 & d n m>vel if tig]s & pan!rs lie d[n fawn+ at y\r feet4 ,d>e n[ to be tragic m51 = ye are to be r$eem$6 ,ye are to accompany ! ,dionysian fe/ive procession f ,india to ,greece6 ,equip y\rselves = sev]e conflict1 b believe 9 ! wond]s ( y\r god6 #ba4 ,glid+ back f ^! hortative tones into ! mood :i* befits ! contemplative man1 ,i repeat t x c only be le>nt f ! ,greeks :at su* a sudd5 & miracul\s awak5+ ( trag$y mu/ signify = ! ess5tial basis ( a p's life4 ,x is ! p ( ! tragic my/]ies :o fight ! battles ) ! ,p]sians3 & aga91 ! p :o wag$ su* w>s requir$ trag$y z a necess>y heal+ potion4 ,:o w\ld h imag9$ t !re 0 /ill su* a uni=mly p[]ful effusion ( ! simple/ political s5tim5ts1 ! mo/ natural dome/ic in/9cts & ! primitive manly delight 9 /rife 9 ?is v p aft] x _h be5 %ak5 to its f\ndations = sev]al g5]ations by ! mo/ viol5t convulsions ( ! ,dionysian demon8 ,if at e consid]able spread+ ( ! ,dionysian commotion "o always p]ceives t ! ,dionysian loos+ f ! %ackles ( ! individual makes itself felt fir/ ( all 9 an increas$ encroa*m5t on ! political in/9cts1 to ! ext5t ( indiff]5ce1 yea ev5 ho/ility1 x is c]ta91 on ! o!r h&1 t ! /ate-=m+ ,apollo is also ! g5ius ( ! pr9cipium individuationis1 & t ! /ate & dome/ic s5tim5t _c live )\t an ass]tion ( individual p]sonality4 ,!re is only "o way f orgasm = a p1--! way to ,indian ,buddhism1 :i*1 9 ord] to be at all endur$ ) its long+ = no?+ness1 requires ! r>e ec/atic /ates ) _! elevation above space1 "t1 & ! individual2 j z ^! 9 turn dem& a philosophy :i* tea*es h[ to ov]come ! indescribable depression ( ! int]m$iate /ates by means ( a fancy4 ,) ! same necessity1 ow+ to ! unconditional dom9ance ( political impulses1 a p drifts into a pa? ( extreme/ secul>isation1 ! mo/ magnific5t1 b also ! mo/ t]rible expression ( :i* is ! ,roman imp]ium4 ,plac$ betwe5 ,india & ,rome1 & con/ra9$ to a s$uctive *oice1 ! ,greeks succe$$ 9 devis+ 9 classical purity /ill a ?ird =m ( life1 n inde$ = long private use1 b j on t acc\nt = immortality4 ,= x holds true 9 all ?+s t ^? :om ! gods love die "y1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 x holds equally true t !y !n live et]nally ) ! gods4 ,"o mu/ n dem& ( :at is mo/ noble t x %\ld possess ! durable t\ghness ( lea!r2 ! /aun* durability1 :i*1 = in/ance1 0 inh]5t 9 ! national "* ( ! ,romans1 does n probably belong to ! indisp5sable pr$icates ( p]fection4 ,b if we ask by :at physic x 0 possible = ! ,greeks1 9 _! be/ p]iod1 not)/&+ ! extraord9>y /r5g? ( _! ,dionysian & political impulses1 nei!r to exhau/ !mselves by ec/atic brood+1 nor by a consum+ scramble = empire & worldly hon\r1 b to atta9 ! spl5did mixture :i* we f9d 9 a noble1 inflam+1 & contemplatively dispos+ w9e1 we mu/ rememb] ! enorm\s p[] ( trag$y1 excit+1 purify+1 & disburd5+ ! entire life ( a p2 ! highe/ value ( :i* we %all div9e only :51 z 9 ! case ( ! ,greeks1 x appe>s to u z ! ess5ce ( all ! prophylactic heal+ =ces1 z ! m$iator arbitrat+ betwe5 ! /ronge/ & mo/ inh]5tly fateful *>act]i/ics ( a p4 ,trag$y absorbs ! highe/ musical orgasm into itself1 s t x absolutely br+s music to p]fection among ! ,greeks1 z among ourselves2 b x !n places alongside !re( tragic my? & ! tragic h]o1 :o1 l a mighty ,titan1 takes ! entire ,dionysian _w on 8 %\ld]s & disburd5s u !re(2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x is able by means ( ?is same tragic my?1 9 ! p]son ( ! tragic h]o1 to deliv] u f ! int5se long+ = ?is exi/5ce1 & rem9ds u ) w>n+ h& ( ano!r exi/5ce & a high] joy1 = :i* ! /ruggl+ h]o prep>es himself pres5ti5tly by 8 de/ruction1 n by 8 victories4 ,trag$y sets a sublime symbol1 namely ! my? betwe5 ! univ]sal au?ority ( its music & ! receptive ,dionysian he>]1 & produces 9 him ! illusion t music is only ! mo/ effective means = ! animation ( ! pla/ic _w ( my?4 ,rely+ ^u ?is noble illusion1 %e c n[ move h] limbs = ! di?yrambic dance1 & ab&on h]self unhesitat+ly to an orgia/ic feel+ ( fre$om1 9 :i* %e c\ld n v5ture to indulge z music itself1 )\t ?is illusion4 ,! my? protects u f ! music1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x alone gives ! highe/ fre$om !reto4 ,by way ( return = ?is s]vice1 music imp>ts to tragic my? su* an impressive & conv9c+ metaphysical significance z c\ld nev] be atta9$ by ^w & image1 )\t ?is unique aid2 & ! tragic spectator 9 p>ticul> exp]i5ces !reby ! sure pres5tim5t ( supreme joy to :i* ! pa? ?r\gh de/ruction & negation leads2 s t he ?9ks he he>s1 z x 71 ! inn]mo/ abyss ( ?+s speak+ audibly to him4 ,if 9 ^! la/ propositions ,i h succe$$ 9 giv+ p]haps only a prelim9>y expression1 intelligible to few at fir/1 to ?is difficult repres5tation1 ,i mu/ n "h desi/ f /imulat+ my fri5ds to a fur!r attempt1 or cease f besee*+ !m to prep>e !mselves1 by a deta*$ example ( our common exp]i5ce1 = ! p]ception ( ! univ]sal proposition4 ,9 ?is example ,i mu/ n appeal to ^? :o make use ( ! pictures ( ! sc5ic processes1 ! words & ! emotions ( ! p]=m]s1 9 ord] to approximate !reby to musical p]ception2 = none ( ^! speak music z _! "m-tongue1 &1 9 spite ( ! aids 9 "q1 d n get f>!r ?an ! prec9cts ( musical p]ception1 )\t ev] be+ all[$ to t\* its inn]mo/ %r9es2 "s ( !m1 l ,g]v9us1 d n ev5 rea* ! prec9cts by ?is pa?4 ,i h only to address myself to ^? :o1 be+ imm$iately alli$ to music1 h x z x 7 = _! "m's lap1 & are connect$ ) ?+s almo/ exclusively by unconsci\s musical relations4 ,i ask ! "q ( ^! g5u9e musicians3 :e!r !y c imag9e a man capable ( he>+ ! ?ird act ( ,tri/an und ,isolde )\t any aid ( ^w or sc5]y1 purely z a va/ symphonic p]iod1 )\t expir+ by a spasmodic di/5tion ( all ! w+s ( ! s\l8 ,a man :o has ?us1 s to speak1 put 8 e> to ! he>t-*amb] ( ! cosmic w1 :o feels ! furi\s desire = exi/5ce issu+ !refrom z a ?und]+ /ream or mo/ g5tly disp]s$ brook1 into all ! ve9s ( ! _w1 w\ld he n collapse all at once8 ,c\ld he endure1 9 ! wret*$ fragile t5em5t ( ! human individual1 to he> ! re-e*o ( c\ntless cries ( joy & sorr[ f ! va/ void ( cosmic night1 )\t fly+ irresi/ibly t[>ds 8 primitive home at ! s\nd ( ?is pa/oral dance-song ( metaphysics8 ,b if1 nev]!less1 su* a "w c be he>d z a :ole1 )\t a r5unciation ( individual exi/5ce1 if su* a creation c\ld be creat$ )\t demoli%+ its creator--:]e are we to get ! solution ( ?is contradiction8 ,"h !re int]pose betwe5 our highe/ musical excitem5t & ! music 9 "q ! tragic my? & ! tragic h]o--9 reality only z symbols ( ! mo/ univ]sal facts1 ( :i* music alone c speak directly4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we felt z purely ,dionysian be+s1 my? z a symbol w\ld /& by u absolutely ineffective & unnotic$1 & w\ld nev] = a mom5t prev5t u f giv+ e> to ! re-e*o ( ! univ]salia ante rem4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 ! ,apollonian p[]1 ) a view to ! re/oration ( ! well-nigh %att]$ individual1 bur/s =? ) ! heal+ balm ( a blissful illusion3 all ( a sudd5 we imag9e we see only ,tri/an1 motionless1 ) hu%$ voice say+ to himself3 ! old tune1 :y does x wake me8 ,& :at =m]ly int]e/$ u l a holl[ sigh f ! he>t ( be+1 seems n[ only to tell u h[ wa/e & void is ! sea4 ,& :51 brea?less1 we ?\ght to expire by a convulsive di/5tion ( all our feel+s1 & only a sl5d] tie b\nd u to our pres5t exi/5ce1 we n[ he> & see only ! h]o w\nd$ to dea? & /ill n dy+1 ) 8 despair+ cry3 ,long+6 ,long+6 ,9 dy+ /ill long+6 = long+ n dy+6 ,& if =m]ly1 aft] su* a surplus & sup]abundance ( consum+ agonies1 ! jubilation ( ! born r5t our he>ts almo/ l ! v acme ( agony1 ! rejoic+ ,kurw5al n[ /&s betwe5 u & ! jubilation z su*1 ) face turn$ t[>d ! %ip :i* c>ries ,isolde4 ,h[ev] p[]fully fell[-suff]+ encroa*es ^u u1 x nev]!less deliv]s u 9 a mann] f ! primordial suff]+ ( ! _w1 j z ! symbol-image ( ! my? deliv]s u f ! imm$iate p]ception ( ! highe/ cosmic idea1 j z ! ?\ght & ^w deliv] u f ! un*eck$ effusion ( ! unconsci\s w4 ,! glori\s ,apollonian illusion makes x appe> z if ! v realm ( tones pres5t$ itself to u z a pla/ic cosmos1 z if ev5 ! fate ( ,tri/an & ,isolde _h be5 m]ely =m$ & m\ld$ !re9 z out ( "s mo/ delicate & impressible mat]ial4 ,?us does ! ,apollonian wre/ u f ,dionysian univ]sality & fill u ) rapture = individuals2 to ^! x rivets our sympa!tic emotion1 ?r\gh ^! x satisfies ! s5se ( beauty :i* longs = great & sublime =ms2 x br+s be=e u biographical portraits1 & incites u to a ?\ghtful appreh5sion ( ! ess5ce ( life conta9$ !re94 ,) ! imm5se pot5cy ( ! image1 ! concept1 ! e?ical tea*+ & ! sympa!tic emotion--! ,apollonian influ5ce uplifts man f 8 orgia/ic self-annihilation1 & beguiles him conc]n+ ! univ]sality ( ! ,dionysian process into ! belief t he is see+ a deta*$ picture ( ! _w1 = in/ance1 ,tri/an & ,isolde1 & t1 ?r\gh music1 he w be enabl$ to see x /ill m cle>ly & intr9sically4 ,:at c ! heal+ magic ( ,apollo n accompli% :5 x c ev5 excite 9 u ! illusion t ! ,dionysian is actually 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,apollonian1 ! effects ( :i* x is capable ( enhanc+2 yea1 t music is ess5tially ! repres5tative art = an ,apollonian sub/ance8 ,) ! pre-e/abli%$ h>mony :i* obta9s betwe5 p]fect drama & its music1 ! drama atta9s ! highe/ degree ( conspicu\sness1 su* z is usually unatta9able 9 m]e spok5 drama4 ,z all ! animat$ figures ( ! sc5e 9 ! indep5d5tly evolv$ l9es ( melody simplify !mselves be=e u to ! di/9ctness ( ! cat5>y curve1 ! coexi/5ce ( ^! l9es is also audible 9 ! h>monic *ange :i* sympa?ises 9 a mo/ delicate mann] ) ! evolv$ process3 ?r\gh :i* *ange ! relations ( ?+s become imm$iately p]ceptible to u 9 a s5sible & n at all ab/ract mann]1 z we likewise p]ceive !reby t x is only 9 ^! relations t ! ess5ce ( a "* & ( a l9e ( melody manife/s itself cle>ly4 ,& :ile music ?us compels u to see m ext5sively & m intr9sically ?an usual1 & makes u spread out ! curta9 ( ! sc5e be=e ourselves l "s delicate texture1 ! _w ( ! /age is z inf9itely exp&$ = our spiritualis$1 introspective eye z x is illum9$ outw>dly f )94 ,h[ c ! ^w-poet furni% any?+ analog\s1 :o /rives to atta9 ?is int]nal expansion & illum9ation ( ! visible /age-_w by a mu* m imp]fect me*anism & an indirect pa?1 proce$+ z he does f ^w & concept8 ,albeit musical trag$y likewise avails itself ( ! ^w1 x is at ! same "t able to place alongside !re( its basis & s\rce1 & c make ! unfold+ ( ! ^w1 f )9 outw>ds1 obvi\s to u4 ,( ! process j set =?1 h[ev]1 x c\ld /ill be said z decid$ly t x is only a glori\s appe>ance1 namely ! a=e-m5tion$ ,apollonian illusion1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( :i* we are to be deliv]$ f ! ,dionysian obtrusion & excess4 ,9 po9t ( fact1 ! relation ( music to drama is precisely ! rev]se2 music is ! adequate idea ( ! _w1 drama is b ! reflex ( ?is idea1 a deta*$ umbrage !re(4 ,! id5tity betwe5 ! l9e ( melody & ! l9+ =m1 betwe5 ! h>mony & ! "*-relations ( ?is =m1 is true 9 a s5se anti!tical to :at "o w\ld suppose on ! contemplation ( musical trag$y4 ,we may agitate & enliv5 ! =m 9 ! mo/ conspicu\s mann]1 & enlight5 x f )91 b x /ill cont9ues m]ely ph5om5on1 f :i* !re is no bridge to lead u into ! true reality1 into ! he>t ( ! _w4 ,music1 h[ev]1 speaks out ( ?is he>t2 & ?\gh c\ntless ph5om5a ( ! k9d might be pass+ manife/ations ( ?is music1 !y c\ld nev] exhau/ its ess5ce1 b w\ld always be m]ely its ext]nalis$ copies4 ,( c\rse1 z reg>ds ! intricate relation ( music & drama1 no?+ c be expla9$1 :ile all may be confus$ by ! popul> & ?or\ghly false anti!sis ( s\l & body2 b ! unphilosophical crud5ess ( ?is anti!sis seems to h become--:o kn[s = :at reasons--a readily accept$ ,article ( ,fai? ) our /heticians1 :ile !y h le>n$ no?+ conc]n+ an anti!sis ( ph5om5on & ?+-9-itself1 or p]haps1 = reasons equally unkn[n1 h n c>$ to le>n any?+ !re(4 ,%\ld x h be5 e/abli%$ by our analysis t ! ,apollonian elem5t 9 trag$y has by means ( its illusion ga9$ a complete victory ov] ! ,dionysian primordial elem5t ( music1 & has made music itself subs]vi5t to its end1 namely1 ! highe/ & cle>e/ elucidation ( ! drama1 x w\ld c]ta9ly be necess>y to add ! v important re/riction3 t at ! mo/ ess5tial po9t ?is ,apollonian illusion is dissolv$ & annihilat$4 ,! drama1 :i*1 by ! aid ( music1 spreads out be=e u ) su* inw>dly illum9$ di/9ctness 9 all its movem5ts & figures1 t we imag9e we see ! texture unfold+ on ! loom z ! %uttle flies to & fro1--atta9s z a :ole an effect :i* transc5ds all ,apollonian arti/ic effects4 ,9 ! collective effect ( trag$y1 ! ,dionysian gets ! upp] h& once m2 trag$y ends ) a s\nd :i* c\ld nev] emanate f ! realm ( ,apollonian art4 ,& ! ,apollonian illusion is !reby f\nd to be :at x is1--! assidu\s veil+ dur+ ! p]=mance ( trag$y ( ! intr9sically ,dionysian effect3 :i*1 h[ev]1 is s p[]ful1 t x f9ally =ces ! ,apollonian drama itself into a sph]e :]e x beg9s to talk ) ,dionysian wisdom1 & ev5 d5ies itself & its ,apollonian conspicu\sness4 ,?us !n ! intricate relation ( ! ,apollonian & ! ,dionysian 9 trag$y mu/ really be symbolis$ by a frat]nal union ( ! two deities3 ,dionysus speaks ! language ( ,apollo2 ,apollo1 h[ev]1 f9ally speaks ! language ( ,dionysus2 & s ! highe/ goal ( trag$y & ( art 9 g5]al is atta9$4 #bb4 ,let ! att5tive fri5d picture to himself purely & simply1 accord+ to 8 exp]i5ces1 ! effect ( a true musical trag$y4 ,i ?9k ,i h s portray$ ! ph5om5on ( ?is effect 9 bo? its phases t he w n[ be able to int]pret 8 own exp]i5ces4 ,= he w recollect t ) reg>d to ! my? :i* pass$ be=e him he felt himself exalt$ to a k9d ( omnisci5ce1 z if 8 visual faculty 7 no long] m]ely a surface faculty1 b capable ( p5etrat+ into ! int]ior1 & z if he n[ saw be=e him1 ) ! aid ( music1 ! ebullitions ( ! w1 ! conflict ( motives1 & ! swell+ /ream ( ! passions1 almo/ s5sibly visible1 l a pl5itude ( actively mov+ l9es & figures1 & c\ld !reby dip into ! mo/ t5d] secrets ( unconsci\s emotions4 ,:ile he ?us becomes consci\s ( ! highe/ exaltation ( 8 in/9cts = conspicu\sness & transfiguration1 he nev]!less feels ) equal def9itiv5ess t ?is long s]ies ( ,apollonian arti/ic effects /ill does n g5]ate ! blissful cont9uance 9 w-less contemplation :i* ! pla/ici/ & ! epic poet1 t is to say1 ! /rictly ,apollonian arti/s1 produce 9 him by _! arti/ic productions3 to wit1 ! ju/ification ( ! _w ( ! individuatio atta9$ 9 ?is contemplation1--:i* is ! object & ess5ce ( ,apollonian art4 ,he beholds ! transfigur$ _w ( ! /age & nev]!less d5ies x4 ,he sees be=e him ! tragic h]o 9 epic cle>ness & beauty1 & nev]!less delights 9 8 annihilation4 ,he compreh5ds ! incid5ts ( ! sc5e 9 all _! details1 & yet loves to flee into ! incompreh5sible4 ,he feels ! actions ( ! h]o to be ju/ifi$1 & is nev]!less /ill m elat$ :5 ^! actions annihilate _! orig9ator4 ,he %udd]s at ! suff]+s :i* w befall ! h]o1 & yet anticipates !re9 a high] & mu* m ov]p[]+ joy4 ,he sees m ext5sively & pr(\ndly ?an ev]1 & yet wi%es to be bl9d4 ,:5ce mu/ we d]ive ?is curi\s int]nal diss5sion1 ?is collapse ( ! ,apollonian apex1 if n f ! ,dionysian spell1 :i*1 ?\gh app>5tly /imulat+ ! ,apollonian emotions to _! highe/ pit*1 c nev]!less =ce ?is sup]abundance ( ,apollonian p[] into its s]vice8 ,tragic my? is to be und]/ood only z a symbolisation ( ,dionysian wisdom by means ( ! exp$i5ts ( ,apollonian art3 ! my?us conducts ! _w ( ph5om5a to its b\nd>ies1 :]e x d5ies itself1 & seeks to flee back aga9 into ! bosom ( ! true & only reality2 :]e x !n1 l ,isolde1 seems to /rike up its metaphysical swan-song3-- ,9 des ,wonneme]es wog5dem ,s*wall1 9 d] ,duft-,well5 tn5dem ,s*all1 9 des ,welta!ms weh5dem ,all-- ertr9k5--v]s9k5 unbewus/--h*/e ,lu/6#bd ,we ?us realise to ourselves 9 ! exp]i5ces ( ! truly /hetic he>] ! tragic arti/ himself :5 he proce$s l a luxuri\sly f]tile div9ity ( individuation to create 8 figures 79 :i* s5se 8 "w c h>dly be und]/ood z an imitation ( nature7--& :51 on ! o!r h&1 8 va/ ,dionysian impulse !n absorbs ! entire _w ( ph5om5a1 9 ord] to anticipate beyond x1 & ?r\gh its annihilation1 ! highe/ arti/ic primal joy1 9 ! bosom ( ! ,primordial ,unity4 ,( c\rse1 our /hetes h no?+ to say ab\t ?is return 9 frat]nal union ( ! two art-deities to ! orig9al home1 nor ( ei!r ! ,apollonian or ,dionysian excitem5t ( ! he>]1 :ile !y are indefatigable 9 *>act]is+ ! /ruggle ( ! h]o ) fate1 ! triumph ( ! moral ord] ( ! _w1 or ! disburd5m5t ( ! emotions ?r\gh trag$y1 z ! prop]ly ,tragic3 an indefatigabl5ess :i* makes me ?9k t !y are p]haps n /hetically excitable m5 at all1 b only to be reg>d$ z moral be+s :5 he>+ trag$y4 ,nev] s9ce ,ari/otle has an explanation ( ! tragic effect be5 propos$1 by :i* an /hetic activity ( ! he>] c\ld be inf]r$ f arti/ic circum/ances4 ,at "o "t fe> & pity are suppos$ to be =c$ to an alleviat+ dis*>ge ?r\gh ! s]i\s proc$ure1 at ano!r "t we are expect$ to feel elevat$ & inspir$ at ! triumph ( good & noble pr9ciples1 at ! sacrifice ( ! h]o 9 ! int]e/ ( a moral conception ( ?+s2 & h[ev] c]ta9ly ,i believe t = c\ntless m5 precisely ?is1 & only ?is1 is ! effect ( trag$y1 x z obvi\sly foll[s !refrom t all ^!1 toge!r ) _! int]pret+ /hetes1 h _h no exp]i5ce ( trag$y z ! highe/ art4 ,! pa?ological dis*>ge1 ! ca?>sis ( ,ari/otle1 :i* philologi/s are at a loss :e!r to include "u m$ic9al or moral ph5om5a1 recalls a rem>kable anticipation ( ,goe!4 ,)\t a lively pa?ological int]e/1 he says1 ,i too h nev] yet succe$$ 9 elaborat+ a tragic situation ( any k9d1 & h5ce ,i h r avoid$ ?an s\ght x4 ,c x p]haps h be5 /ill ano!r ( ! m]its ( ! anci5ts t ! deepe/ pa?os 0 ) !m m]ely /hetic play1 :]eas ) u ! tru? ( nature mu/ co-op]ate 9 ord] to produce su* a "w8 ,we c n[ answ] 9 ! affirmative ?is latt] pr(\nd "q aft] our glori\s exp]i5ces1 9 :i* we h f\nd to our a/oni%m5t 9 ! case ( musical trag$y itself1 t ! deepe/ pa?os c 9 reality be m]ely /hetic play3 & !re=e we are ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t n[ = ! fir/ "t ! proto-ph5om5on ( ! tragic c be portray$ ) "s degree ( success4 ,he :o n[ w /ill p]si/ 9 talk+ only ( ^? vic>i\s effects proce$+ f ultra-/hetic sph]es1 & does n feel himself rais$ above ! pa?ologically-moral process1 may be left to despair ( 8 /hetic nature3 = :i* we recomm5d to him1 by way ( innoc5t equival5t1 ! int]pretation ( ,%akespe>e aft] ! fa%ion ( ,g]v9us1 & ! dilig5t se>* = poetic ju/ice4 ,?us ) ! re-bir? ( trag$y ! /hetic he>] is also born anew1 9 ^: place 9 ! !atre a curi\s quid pro quo 0 wont to sit ) half-moral & half-le>n$ pret5sions1--! critic4 ,9 8 sph]e hi!rto ev]y?+ has be5 artificial & m]ely gloss$ ov] ) a semblance ( life4 ,! p]=m+ arti/ 0 9 fact at a loss :at to d ) su* a critically comport+ he>]1 & h5ce he1 z well z ! dramati/ or op]atic compos] :o inspir$ him1 se>*$ anxi\sly = ! la/ rema9s ( life 9 a be+ s pret5ti\sly b>r5 & incapable ( enjoym5t4 ,su* critics1 h[ev]1 h hi!rto con/itut$ ! public2 ! /ud5t1 ! s*ool-boy1 yea1 ev5 ! mo/ h>mless womanly creature1 7 already unwitt+ly prep>$ by education & by j\rnals = a simil> p]ception ( works ( art4 ,! nobl] natures among ! arti/s c\nt$ ^u excit+ ! moral-religi\s =ces 9 su* a public1 & ! appeal to a moral ord] ( ! _w op]at$ vic>i\sly1 :5 9 reality "s p[]ful arti/ic spell %\ld h enraptur$ ! true he>]4 ,or aga91 "s impos+ or at all ev5ts excit+ t5d5cy ( ! contempor>y political & social _w 0 pres5t$ by ! dramati/ ) su* vividness t ! he>] c\ld =get 8 critical exhau/ion & ab&on himself to simil> emotions1 z1 9 patriotic or w>like mom5ts1 be=e ! tribune ( p>liam5t1 or at ! condemnation ( crime & vice3--an e/rangem5t ( ! true aims ( art :i* c\ld n b lead directly n[ & !n to a cult ( t5d5cy4 ,b "h !re took place :at has always tak5 place 9 ! case ( factiti\s arts1 an extraord9>y rapid depravation ( ^! t5d5cies1 s t = in/ance ! t5d5cy to employ ! !atre z a means = ! moral education ( ! p1 :i* 9 ,s*ill]'s "t 0 tak5 s]i\sly1 is already reckon$ among ! incr$ible antiquities ( a surm\nt$ culture4 ,:ile ! critic got ! upp] h& 9 ! !atre & conc]t-hall1 ! j\rnali/ 9 ! s*ool1 & ! press 9 society1 art deg5]at$ into a topic ( conv]sation ( ! mo/ trivial k9d1 & /hetic criticism 0 us$ z ! cem5t ( a va91 di/ract$1 selfi% & moreov] pite\sly unorig9al sociality1 ! significance ( :i* is sugge/$ by ! ,s*op5hau]ian p>able ( ! porcup9es1 s t !re has nev] be5 s mu* gossip ab\t art & s little e/eem = x4 ,b is x /ill possible to h int]c\rse ) a man capable ( conv]s+ on ,bee?ov5 or ,%akespe>e8 ,let ea* answ] ?is "q accord+ to 8 s5tim5ts3 he w at any rate %[ by 8 answ] 8 conception ( culture1 provid$ he tries at lea/ to answ] ! "q1 & has n already gr[n mute ) a/oni%m5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m a "o m nobly & delicately end[$ by nature1 ?\gh he may h gradually become a critical b>b>ian 9 ! mann] describ$1 c\ld tell ( ! unexpect$ z well z totally un9telligible effect :i* a successful p]=mance ( ,loh5gr91 = example1 ex]t$ on him3 except t p]haps e w>n+ & int]pret+ h& 0 lack+ to guide him2 s t ! incompreh5sibly het]og5e\s & altoge!r incomp>able s5sation :i* !n affect$ him also rema9$ isolat$ & became ext9ct1 l a my/]i\s /> aft] a brief brilliancy4 ,he !n div9$ :at ! /hetic he>] is4 #bd ,9 ! sea ( pleasure's ,bill[+ roll1 ,9 ! e!r-waves ,knell+ & toll1 ,9 ! _w-brea?'s ,wav]+ :ole-- ,to dr[n 91 g d[n 9-- ,lo/ 9 swoon--greate/ boon6 #bc4 ,he :o wi%es to te/ himself rigor\sly z to h[ he is relat$ to ! true /hetic he>]1 or :e!r he belongs r to ! community ( ! ,socrato-critical man1 has only to enquire s9c]ely conc]n+ ! s5tim5t ) :i* he accepts ! wond] repres5t$ on ! /age3 :e!r he feels 8 hi/orical s5se1 :i* insi/s on /rict psy*ological causality1 insult$ by x1 :e!r ) b5evol5t concession he z x 7 admits ! wond] z a ph5om5on intelligible to *ildhood1 b rel9qui%$ by him1 or :e!r he exp]i5ces any?+ else !reby4 ,= he w ?us be enabl$ to det]m9e h[ f> he is on ! :ole capable ( und]/&+ my?1 t is to say1 ! conc5trat$ picture ( ! _w1 :i*1 z abbreviature ( ph5om5a1 _c disp5se ) wond]4 ,x is probable1 h[ev]1 t ne>ly e "o1 ^u close exam9ation1 feels s dis9tegrat$ by ! critico-hi/orical _s ( our culture1 t he c only p]haps make ! =m] exi/5ce ( my? cr$ible to himself by le>n$ means ?r\gh int]m$i>y ab/ractions4 ,)\t my?1 h[ev]1 e culture loses its heal?y1 creative natural p[]3 x is only a horizon encompass$ ) my?s :i* r\nds (f to unity a social movem5t4 ,x is only by my? t all ! p[]s ( ! imag9ation & ( ! ,apollonian dream are fre$ f _! r&om rov+s4 ,! my?ical figures h to be ! invisibly omnipres5t g5ii1 "u ! c>e ( :i* ! "y s\l gr[s to maturity1 by ! signs ( :i* ! man gives a mean+ to 8 life & /ruggles3 & ! /ate itself kn[s no m p[]ful unwritt5 law ?an ! my?ical f\ndation :i* v\*es = its connection ) religion & its gr[? f my?ical ideas4 ,let u n[ place alongside !re( ! ab/ract man proce$+ indep5d5tly ( my?1 ! ab/ract education1 ! ab/ract usage1 ! ab/ract "r1 ! ab/ract /ate3 let u picture to ourselves ! lawless rov+ ( ! arti/ic imag9ation1 n bridl$ by any native my?3 let u imag9e a culture :i* has no fix$ & sacr$ primitive seat1 b is doom$ to exhau/ all its possibilities1 & has to n\ri% itself wret*$ly f ! o!r cultures--su* is ! ,pres5t1 z ! result ( ,socratism1 :i* is b5t on ! de/ruction ( my?4 ,& n[ ! my?-less man rema9s et]nally hung]+ among all ! bygones1 & digs & grubs = roots1 ?\gh he h to dig = !m ev5 among ! remote/ antiquities4 ,! /up5d\s hi/orical exig5cy ( ! unsatisfi$ mod]n culture1 ! ga!r+ ar\nd "o ( c\ntless o!r cultures1 ! consum+ desire = k--:at does all ?is po9t to1 if n to ! loss ( my?1 ! loss ( ! my?ical home1 ! my?ical s\rce8 ,let u ask ourselves :e!r ! fev]i% & s uncanny /irr+ ( ?is culture is aught b ! eag] seiz+ & snat*+ at food ( ! hung]]--& :o w\ld c>e to contribute any?+ m to a culture :i* _c be appeas$ by all x dev\rs1 & 9 contact ) :i* ! mo/ vigor\s & :olesome n\ri%m5t is wont to *ange into hi/ory & criticism8 ,we %\ld also h to reg>d our ,g]man "* ) despair & sorr[1 if x _h already become inextricably entangl$ 91 or ev5 id5tical ) ?is culture1 9 a simil> mann] z we c obs]ve x to our horror to be ! case 9 civilis$ ,france2 & t :i* = a long "t 0 ! great advantage ( ,france & ! cause ( h] va/ prepond]ance1 to wit1 ?is v id5tity ( p & culture1 might compel u at ! sight !re( to congratulate ourselves t ?is culture ( ours1 :i* is s que/ionable1 has hi!rto _h no?+ 9 common ) ! noble k]nel ( ! "* ( our p4 ,all our hopes1 on ! contr>y1 /ret* out long+ly t[>ds ! p]ception t b5ea? ?is re/lessly palpitat+ civilis$ life & educational convulsion !re is conceal$ a glori\s1 intr9sically heal?y1 primeval p[]1 :i*1 to be sure1 /irs vigor\sly only at int]vals 9 /up5d\s mom5ts1 & !n dreams on aga9 9 view ( a future awak5+4 ,x is f ?is abyss t ! ,g]man ,re=mation came =?3 9 ! *oral-hymn ( :i* ! future melody ( ,g]man music fir/ res\nd$4 ,s deep1 c\rage\s1 & s\l-brea?+1 s exub]antly good & t5d] did ?is *orale ( ,lu!r s\nd1--z ! fir/ ,dionysian-lur+ call :i* breaks =? f d5se ?ickets at ! approa* ( spr+4 ,to x respond$ ) emulative e*o ! solemnly wanton procession ( ,dionysian revell]s1 to :om we are indebt$ = ,g]man music--& to :om we %all be indebt$ = ! re-bir? ( ,g]man my?4 ,i "k t ,i mu/ n[ lead ! sympa?is+ & att5tive fri5d to an elevat$ position ( lonesome contemplation1 :]e he w h b few companions1 & ,i call out enc\rag+ly to him t we mu/ hold fa/ to our %9+ guides1 ! ,greeks4 ,= ! rectification ( our /hetic k we previ\sly borr[$ f !m ! two div9e figures1 ea* ( :i* sways a sep>ate realm ( art1 & conc]n+ ^: mutual contact & exaltation we h acquir$ a notion ?r\gh ,greek trag$y4 ,?r\gh a rem>kable disruption ( bo? ^! primitive arti/ic impulses1 ! ru9 ( ,greek trag$y seem$ to be necess>ily br\ght ab\t3 ) :i* process a deg5]ation & a transmutation ( ! ,greek national "* 0 /rictly 9 keep+1 summon+ u to e>ne/ reflection z to h[ closely & necess>ily art & ! p1 my? & cu/om1 trag$y & ! /ate1 h coalesc$ 9 _! bases4 ,! ru9 ( trag$y 0 at ! same "t ! ru9 ( my?4 ,until !n ! ,greeks _h be5 involunt>ily compell$ imm$iately to associate all exp]i5ces ) _! my?s1 inde$ !y _h to compreh5d !m only ?r\gh ?is association3 :]eby ev5 ! mo/ imm$iate pres5t necess>ily appe>$ to !m sub specie t]ni & 9 a c]ta9 s5se z timeless4 ,into ?is curr5t ( ! timeless1 h[ev]1 ! /ate z well z art plung$ 9 ord] to f9d repose f ! burd5 & eag]ness ( ! mom5t4 ,& a p--= ! re/1 also a man--is wor? j z mu* only z its ability to impress on its exp]i5ces ! seal ( et]nity3 = x is ?us1 z x 71 desecul>is$1 & reveals its unconsci\s inn] conviction ( ! relativity ( "t & ( ! true1 t is1 ! metaphysical significance ( life4 ,! contr>y happ5s :5 a p beg9s to compreh5d itself hi/orically & to demoli% ! my?ical bulw>ks ar\nd x3 ) :i* !re is usually connect$ a m>k$ secul>isation1 a brea* ) ! unconsci\s metaphysics ( its e>li] exi/5ce1 9 all e?ical consequ5ces4 ,greek art & especially ,greek trag$y delay$ above all ! annihilation ( my?3 x 0 necess>y to annihilate ^! also to be able to live deta*$ f ! native soil1 unbridl$ 9 ! wild]ness ( ?\ght1 cu/om1 & action4 ,ev5 9 su* circum/ances ?is metaphysical impulse /ill endeav\rs to create = itself a =m ( apo!osis 7weak5$1 no d\bt7 9 ! ,socratism ( sci5ce urg+ to life3 b on its l[] /age ?is same impulse l$ only to a fev]i% se>*1 :i* gradually m]g$ into a p&emonium ( my?s & sup]/itions accumulat$ f all qu>t]s3 9 ! mid/ ( :i*1 nev]!less1 ! ,hell5e sat ) a ye>n+ he>t till he contriv$1 z ,grculus1 to mask 8 fev] ) ,greek *e]fulness & ,greek levity1 or to n>cotise himself completely ) "s gloomy ,ori5tal sup]/ition4 ,we h approa*$ ?is condition 9 ! mo/ /rik+ mann] s9ce ! reawak5+ ( ! ,alex&ro--,roman antiquity 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 aft] a long1 n easily describable1 int]lude4 ,on ! heights !re is ! same exub]ant love ( k1 ! same insatiate happ9ess ( ! discov]]1 ! same /up5d\s secul>isation1 &1 toge!r ) ^!1 a homeless rov+ ab\t1 an eag] intrusion at =eign tables1 a frivol\s deification ( ! pres5t or a dull s5seless e/rangem5t1 all sub speci sculi1 ( ! pres5t "t3 :i* same symptoms lead "o to inf] ! same defect at ! he>t ( ?is culture1 ! annihilation ( my?4 ,x seems h>dly possible to transplant a =eign my? ) p]man5t success1 )\t dreadfully injur+ ! tree ?r\gh ?is transplantation3 :i* is p]haps occasionally /rong en\gh & s\nd en\gh to elim9ate ! =eign elem5t aft] a t]rible /ruggle2 b mu/ ord9>ily consume itself 9 a langui%+ & /unt$ condition or 9 sickly luxuriance4 ,our op9ion ( ! pure & vigor\s k]nel ( ! ,g]man be+ is su* t we v5ture to expect ( x1 & only ( x1 ?is elim9ation ( =cibly +raft$ =eign elem5ts1 & we deem x possible t ! ,g]man _s w reflect anew on itself4 ,p]haps _m a "o w be ( op9ion t ?is _s mu/ beg9 its /ruggle ) ! elim9ation ( ! ,romanic elem5t3 = :i* x might recognise an ext]nal prep>ation & enc\ragem5t 9 ! victori\s brav]y & bloody glory ( ! late w>1 b mu/ seek ! inn] con/ra9t 9 ! emulative zeal to be = ev] wor?y ( ! sublime protagoni/s on ?is pa?1 ( ,lu!r z well z our great arti/s & poets4 ,b let him nev] ?9k he c fight su* battles )\t 8 h\sehold gods1 )\t 8 my?ical home1 )\t a re/oration ( all ,g]man ?+s ,i ,& if ! ,g]man %\ld look timidly ar\nd = a guide to lead him back to 8 long-lo/ home1 ! ways & pa?s ( :i* he kn[s no long]--let him b li/5 to ! delightfully lur+ call ( ! ,dionysian bird1 :i* hov]s above him1 & w\ld fa9 po9t out to him ! way ?i!r4 #bd4 ,among ! peculi> arti/ic effects ( musical trag$y we _h to emphasise an ,apollonian illusion1 ?r\gh :i* we are to be sav$ f imm$iate on5ess ) ! ,dionysian music1 :ile our musical excitem5t is able to dis*>ge itself on an ,apollonian doma9 & 9 an int]pos$ visible middle _w4 ,x !reby seem$ to u t precisely ?r\gh ?is dis*>ge ! middle _w ( !atrical proc$ure1 ! drama g5]ally1 became visible & intelligible f )9 9 a degree unatta9able 9 ! o!r =ms ( ,apollonian art3 s t "h1 :]e ?is art 0 z x 7 w+$ & borne al(t by ! _s ( music1 we _h to recognise ! highe/ exaltation ( its p[]s1 & consequ5tly 9 ! frat]nal union ( ,apollo & ,dionysus ! climax ( ! ,apollonian z well z ( ! ,dionysian arti/ic aims4 ,( c\rse1 ! ,apollonian light-picture did n1 precisely ) ?is inn] illum9ation ?r\gh music1 atta9 ! peculi> effect ( ! weak] grades ( ,apollonian art4 ,:at ! epos & ! animat$ /one c d--con/ra9 ! contemplat+ eye to calm delight 9 ! _w ( ! individuatio--c\ld n be realis$ "h1 not)/&+ ! great] animation & di/9ctness4 ,we contemplat$ ! drama & p5etrat$ ) pi]c+ glance into its inn] agitat$ _w ( motives--& yet x seem$ z if only a symbolic picture pass$ be=e u1 ! pr(\nde/ significance ( :i* we almo/ believ$ we _h div9$1 & :i* we desir$ to put aside l a curta9 9 ord] to behold ! orig9al beh9d x4 ,! greate/ di/9ctness ( ! picture did n suffice u3 = x seem$ to reveal z well z veil some?+2 & :ile x seem$1 ) its symbolic revelation1 to invite ! r5d+ ( ! veil = ! disclosure ( ! my/]i\s backgr\nd1 ?is illum9$ all-conspicu\sness itself en?rall$ ! eye & prev5t$ x f p5etrat+ m deeply ,he :o has n exp]i5c$ ?is1--to h to view1 & at ! same "t to h a long+ beyond ! view+1--w h>dly be able to conceive h[ cle>ly & def9itely ^! two processes coexi/ 9 ! contemplation ( tragic my? & are felt to be conjo9$2 :ile ! truly /hetic spectators w confirm my ass]tion t among ! peculi> effects ( trag$y ?is conjunction is ! mo/ notewor?y4 ,n[ let ?is ph5om5on ( ! /hetic spectator be transf]r$ to an analog\s process 9 ! tragic arti/1 & ! g5esis ( tragic my? w h be5 und]/ood4 ,x %>es ) ! ,apollonian sph]e ( art ! full delight 9 appe>ance & contemplation1 & at ! same "t x d5ies ?is delight & f9ds a /ill high] satisfaction 9 ! annihilation ( ! visible _w ( appe>ance4 ,! sub/ance ( tragic my? is fir/ ( all an epic ev5t involv+ ! glorification ( ! fight+ h]o3 b :5ce orig9ates ! ess5tially enigmatical trait1 t ! suff]+ 9 ! fate ( ! h]o1 ! mo/ pa9ful victories1 ! mo/ agonis+ contra/s ( motives1 9 %ort1 ! exemplification ( ! wisdom ( ,sil5us1 or1 /hetically express$1 ! ,ugly & ,discordant1 is always repres5t$ anew 9 su* c\ntless =ms ) su* pr$ilection1 & precisely 9 ! mo/ y\?ful & exub]ant age ( a p1 unless !re is really a high] delight exp]i5c$ 9 all ?is8 ,= ! fact t ?+s actually take su* a tragic c\rse w\ld lea/ ( all expla9 ! orig9 ( a =m ( art2 provid$ t art is n m]ely an imitation ( ! reality ( nature1 b 9 tru? a metaphysical supplem5t to ! reality ( nature1 plac$ alongside !re( = its conque/4 ,tragic my?1 9 s f> z x really belongs to art1 also fully p>ticipates 9 ?is transfigur+ metaphysical purpose ( art 9 g5]al3 ,:at does x transfigure1 h[ev]1 :5 x pres5ts ! ph5om5al _w 9 ! guise ( ! suff]+ h]o8 ,lea/ ( all ! reality ( ?is ph5om5al _w1 = x says to u3 ,look at ?is6 ,look c>efully6 ,x is y\r life6 ,x is ! h\r-h& ( y\r clock ( exi/5ce6 ,& my? has display$ ?is life1 9 ord] !reby to transfigure x to u8 ,if n1 h[ %all we acc\nt = ! /hetic pleasure ) :i* we make ev5 ^! repres5tations pass be=e u8 ,i am inquir+ conc]n+ ! /hetic pleasure1 & am well aw>e t _m ( ^! repres5tations may moreov] occasionally create ev5 a moral delectation1 say "u ! =m ( pity or ( a moral triumph4 ,b he :o w\ld d]ive ! effect ( ! tragic exclusively f ^! moral s\rces1 z 0 usually ! case f> too long 9 /hetics1 let him n ?9k t he has done any?+ = ,art !reby2 = ,art mu/ above all insi/ on purity 9 h] doma94 ,= ! explanation ( tragic my? ! v fir/ requirem5t is t ! pleasure :i* *>act]ises x mu/ be s\ght 9 ! purely /hetic sph]e1 )\t encroa*+ on ! doma9 ( pity1 fe>1 or ! morally-sublime4 ,h[ c ! ugly & ! discordant1 ! sub/ance ( tragic my?1 excite an /hetic pleasure8 ,"h x is necess>y to raise ourselves ) a d>+ b\nd into a metaphysics ( ,art4 ,i repeat1 !re=e1 my =m] proposition1 t x is only z an /hetic ph5om5on t exi/5ce & ! _w1 appe> ju/ifi$3 & 9 ?is s5se x is precisely ! function ( tragic my? to conv9ce u t ev5 ! ,ugly & ,discordant is an arti/ic game :i* ! w1 9 ! et]nal fulness ( its joy1 plays ) itself4 ,b ?is n easily compreh5sible proto-ph5om5on ( ,dionysian ,art becomes1 9 a direct way1 s+ul>ly intelligible1 & is imm$iately appreh5d$ 9 ! wond]ful significance ( musical dissonance3 j z 9 g5]al x is music alone1 plac$ 9 contra/ to ! _w1 :i* c give u an idea z to :at is meant by ! ju/ification ( ! _w z an /hetic ph5om5on4 ,! joy t ! tragic my? excites has ! same orig9 z ! joyful s5sation ( dissonance 9 music4 ,! ,dionysian1 ) its primitive joy exp]i5c$ 9 pa9 itself1 is ! common s\rce ( music & tragic my?4 ,is x n possible t by call+ to our aid ! musical relation ( dissonance1 ! difficult problem ( tragic effect may h mean:ile be5 mat]ially facilitat$8 ,= we n[ und]/& :at x means to wi% to view trag$y & at ! same "t to h a long+ beyond ! view+3 a frame ( m9d1 :i*1 z reg>ds ! arti/ically employ$ dissonance1 we %\ld simply h to *>act]ise by say+ t we desire to he> & at ! same "t h a long+ beyond ! he>+4 ,t /riv+ = ! inf9ite1 ! p9ion-flapp+ ( long+1 accompany+ ! highe/ delight 9 ! cle>ly-p]ceiv$ reality1 rem9d "o t 9 bo? /ates we h to recognise a ,dionysian ph5om5on1 :i* aga9 & aga9 reveals to u anew ! playful up-build+ & demoli%+ ( ! _w ( individuals z ! efflux ( a primitive delight1 9 l mann] z :5 ,h]aclitus ! ,obscure comp>es ! _w-build+ p[] to a play+ *ild :i* places /ones "h & !re & builds s&hills only to ov]?r[ !m aga94 ,h5ce1 9 ord] to =m a true e/imate ( ! ,dionysian capacity ( a p1 x w\ld seem t we mu/ ?9k n only ( _! music1 b j z mu* ( _! tragic my?1 ! second witness ( ?is capacity4 ,consid]+ ?is mo/ intimate relation%ip betwe5 music & my?1 we may n[ 9 l mann] suppose t a deg5]ation & depravation ( ! "o involves a det]ioration ( ! o!r3 if x be true at all t ! weak5+ ( ! my? is g5]ally expressive ( a debilitation ( ! ,dionysian capacity4 ,conc]n+ bo?1 h[ev]1 a glance at ! developm5t ( ! ,g]man g5ius %\ld n leave u 9 any d\bt2 9 ! op]a j z 9 ! ab/ract "* ( our my?-less exi/5ce1 9 an art sunk to pa/ime j z 9 a life guid$ by concepts1 ! in>ti/ic z well z life-consum+ nature ( ,socratic optimism _h reveal$ itself to u4 ,yet !re h be5 indications to console u t nev]!less 9 "s inaccessible abyss ! ,g]man _s /ill re/s & dreams1 unde/roy$1 9 glori\s heal?1 pr(undity1 & ,dionysian /r5g?1 l a knight sunk 9 slumb]3 f :i* abyss ! ,dionysian song rises to u to let u "k t ?is ,g]man knight ev5 /ill dreams 8 primitive ,dionysian my? 9 blissfully e>ne/ visions4 ,let no "o believe t ! ,g]man _s has = ev] lo/ its my?ical home :5 x /ill und]/&s s obvi\sly ! voices ( ! birds :i* tell ( t home4 ,"s day x w f9d itself awake 9 all ! morn+ fre%ness ( a deep sleep3 !n x w slay ! dragons1 de/roy ! malignant dw>fs1 & wak5 ,brnnhilde--& ,wotan's spe> itself w be unable to ob/ruct its c\rse6 ,my fri5ds1 ye :o believe 9 ,dionysian music1 ye "k also :at trag$y means to u4 ,!re we h tragic my?1 born anew f music1--& 9 ?is late/ bir? ye c hope = ev]y?+ & =get :at is mo/ afflict+4 ,:at is mo/ afflict+ to all ( u1 h[ev]1 is--! prolong$ degradation 9 :i* ! ,g]man g5ius has liv$ e/rang$ f h\se & home 9 ! s]vice ( malignant dw>fs4 ,ye und]/& my allusion--z ye w also1 9 conclusion1 und]/& my hopes4 #be4 ,music & tragic my? are equally ! expression ( ! ,dionysian capacity ( a p1 & are insep>able f ea* o!r4 ,bo? orig9ate 9 an ultra ,apollonian sph]e ( art2 bo? transfigure a region 9 ! delightful accords ( :i* all dissonance1 j l ! t]rible picture ( ! _w1 dies *>m+ly away2 bo? play ) ! /+ ( displeasure1 tru/+ to _! mo/ pot5t magic2 bo? ju/ify !reby ! exi/5ce ev5 ( ! wor/ _w4 ,"h ! ,dionysian1 z comp>$ ) ! ,apollonian1 exhibits itself z ! et]nal & orig9al arti/ic =ce1 :i* 9 g5]al calls into exi/5ce ! entire _w ( ph5om5a3 9 ! mid/ ( :i* a new transfigur+ appe>ance becomes necess>y1 9 ord] to keep alive ! animat$ _w ( individuation4 ,if we c\ld conceive an inc>nation ( dissonance--& :at is man b t8--!n1 to be able to live ?is dissonance w\ld require a glori\s illusion :i* w\ld spread a veil ( beauty ov] its peculi> nature4 ,?is is ! true function ( ,apollo z deity ( art3 9 ^: "n we comprise all ! c\ntless manife/ations ( ! fair realm ( illusion1 :i* ea* mom5t r5d] life 9 g5]al wor? liv+ & make "o impati5t = ! exp]i5ce ( ! next mom5t4 ,at ! same "t1 j z mu* ( ?is basis ( all exi/5ce--! ,dionysian sub/ratum ( ! _w--is all[$ to ent] into ! consci\sness ( human be+s1 z c be surm\nt$ aga9 by ! ,apollonian transfigur+ p[]1 s t ^! two art-impulses are con/ra9$ to develop _! p[]s 9 /rictly mutual proportion1 accord+ to ! law ( et]nal ju/ice4 ,:5 ! ,dionysian p[]s rise ) su* vehem5ce z we exp]i5ce at pres5t1 !re c be no d\bt t1 veil$ 9 a cl\d1 ,apollo has already desc5d$ to u2 ^: gr&e/ beautify+ influ5ces a com+ g5]ation w p]haps behold4 ,t ?is effect is necess>y1 h[ev]1 ea* "o w\ld mo/ surely p]ceive by intuition1 if once he f\nd himself c>ri$ back--ev5 9 a dream--into an ,old-,hell5ic exi/5ce4 ,9 walk+ "u high ,ionic colonnades1 look+ upw>ds to a horizon def9$ by cle> & noble l9es1 ) reflections ( 8 transfigur$ =m by 8 side 9 %9+ m>ble1 & ar\nd him solemnly m>*+ or quietly mov+ m51 ) h>moni\sly s\nd+ voices & rhy?mical pantomime1 w\ld he n 9 ! pres5ce ( ?is p]petual influx ( beauty h to raise 8 h& to ,apollo & exclaim3 ,bless$ race ( ,hell5es6 ,h[ great ,dionysus mu/ be among y1 :5 ! ,delian god deems su* *>ms necess>y to cure y ( y\r di?yrambic madness6--,to "o 9 ?is frame ( m9d1 h[ev]1 an ag$ ,a!nian1 look+ up to him ) ! sublime eye ( s*ylus1 might answ]3 ,say also ?is1 ?\ curi\s /rang]3 :at suff]+s ?is p mu/ h und]gone1 9 ord] to be able to become ?us beautiful6 ,b n[ foll[ me to a tragic play1 & sacrifice ) me 9 ! temple ( bo? ! deities6 ,,app5dix4 ,late 9 ! ye> #ahhh1 n long be=e he 0 ov]come by 8 sudd5 attack ( insanity1 ,nietzs*e wrote d[n a few notes conc]n+ 8 e>ly "w1 ! ,bir? ( ,trag$y4 ,^! 7 pr9t$ 9 8 si/]'s biography 7,das ,leb5 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*es1 vol4 ii4 pt4 i4 pp4 #ajb ff471 & are "h translat$ z likely to be ( int]e/ to read]s ( ?is rem>kable "w4 ,!y also appe> 9 ! ,ecce ,homo4--,,translator',s ,,note4 ,to be j to ! ,bir? ( ,trag$y7#ahgb71 "o w h to =get "s few ?+s4 ,x has wr\ght effects1 x ev5 fasc9at$ ?r\gh t :]e9 x 0 amiss--?r\gh its application to ,wagn]ism1 j z if ?is ,wagn]ism 7 symptomatic ( a rise & go+ up4 ,& j on t acc\nt 0 ! book an ev5t 9 ,wagn]'s life3 f !nce & only f !nce 7 great hopes l9k$ to ! "n ( ,wagn]4 ,ev5 to-day p rem9d me1 sometimes "r 9 ! mid/ ( a talk on ,p>sifal1 t ,i & none o!r h x on my consci5ce t su* a high op9ion ( ! cultural value ( ?is movem5t came to ! top4 ,m ?an once h ,i f\nd ! book ref]r$ to z '! ,re-bir? ( ,trag$y out ( ! ,_s ( ,music'3 "o only _h an e> = a new =mula ( ,wagn]'s art1 aim1 task1--& fail$ to he> )al :at 0 at bottom valuable !re94 ',hell5ism & ,pessimism' _h be5 a m unequivocal title3 namely1 z a fir/ lesson on ! way 9 :i* ! ,greeks got ! bett] ( pessimism1--on ! means :]eby !y ov]came x4 ,trag$y simply proves t ! ,greeks 7 no pessimi/s3 ,s*op5hau] 0 mi/ak5 "h z he 0 mi/ak5 9 all o!r ?+s4 ,consid]$ ) "s neutrality1 ! ,bir? ( ,trag$y appe>s v unseasonable3 "o w\ld n ev5 dream t x 0 begun amid ! ?und]s ( ! battle ( ,wr?4 ,i ?\ght ^! problems ?r\gh & ?r\gh be=e ! walls ( ,metz 9 cold ,septemb] nights1 9 ! mid/ ( ! "w ( nurs+ ! sick2 "o might ev5 believe ! book to be fifty ye>s old]4 ,x is politically indiff]5t--un-,g]man "o w say to-day1--x smells %ock+ly ,hegelian1 9 b a few =mul does x sc5t ( ,s*op5hau]'s fun]eal p]fume4 ,an 'idea'--! anti!sis ( ',dionysian v]sus ,apollonian'--translat$ into metaphysics2 hi/ory itself z ! evolution ( ?is 'idea'2 ! anti!sis dissolv$ into on5ess 9 ,trag$y2 ?r\gh ?is optics ?+s t _h nev] yet look$ into "o ano!r's face1 confront$ ( a sudd51 & illum9$ & compreh5d$ ?r\gh "o ano!r3 = in/ance1 ,op]a & ,revolution4 ,! two decisive innovations ( ! book are1 on ! "o h&1 ! compreh5sion ( ! ,dionysian ph5om5on among ! ,greeks 7x gives ! fir/ psy*ology !re(1 x sees !re9 ! ,"o root ( all ,grecian art72 on ! o!r1 ! compreh5sion ( ,socratism3 ,socrates diagnos$ = ! fir/ "t z ! tool ( ,grecian dissolution1 z a typical decad5t4 ',rationality' aga9/ in/9ct6 ',rationality' at any price z a dang]\s1 z a life-und]m9+ =ce6 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole book a deep ho/ile sil5ce on ,*ri/ianity3 x is nei!r ,apollonian nor ,dionysian2 x negatives all /hetic values 7! only values recognis$ by ! ,bir? ( ,trag$y71 x is 9 ! wide/ s5se nihili/ic1 :]eas 9 ! ,dionysian symbol ! utmo/ limit ( affirmation is rea*$4 ,once or twice ! ,*ri/ian prie/s are allud$ to z a 'malignant k9d ( dw>fs1' z 'subt]raneans4' #b4 ,?is beg9n+ is s+ul> beyond measure4 ,i _h = my own inmo/ exp]i5ce discov]$ ! only symbol & c\nt]p>t ( hi/ory1--,i _h j !reby be5 ! fir/ to grasp ! wond]ful ph5om5on ( ! ,dionysian4 ,& aga91 ?r\gh my diagnos+ ,socrates z a decad5t1 ,i _h giv5 a :olly unequivocal pro( ( h[ little risk ! tru/wor?9ess ( my psy*ological grasp w\ld run ( be+ weak5$ by "s morali/ic idiosyncrasy--to view morality itself z a symptom ( decad5ce is an innovation1 a novelty ( ! fir/ rank 9 ! hi/ory ( k4 ,h[ f> ,i _h leap$ 9 ei!r case beyond ! smug %all[-pate-gossip ( optimism contra pessimism6 ,i 0 ! fir/ to see ! intr9sic anti!sis3 "h1 ! deg5]at+ in/9ct :i*1 ) subt]ranean v9dictiv5ess1 turns aga9/ life 7,*ri/ianity1 ! philosophy ( ,s*op5hau]1 9 a c]ta9 s5se already ! philosophy ( ,plato1 all ideali/ic sy/ems z typical =ms71 & !re1 a =mula ( highe/ affirmation1 born ( fullness & ov]fullness1 a yea-say+ )\t res]ve to suff]+'s self1 to guilt's self1 to all t is que/ionable & /range 9 exi/5ce itself4 ,?is f9al1 *e]fulle/1 exub]antly mad-&-m]rie/ ,yea to life is n only ! highe/ insight1 x is also ! deepe/1 x is t :i* is mo/ rigor\sly confirm$ & upheld by tru? & sci5ce4 ,naught t is1 is to be d$uct$1 naught is disp5sable2 ! phases ( exi/5ce reject$ by ! ,*ri/ians & o!r nihili/s are ev5 ( an inf9itely high] ord] 9 ! hi]>*y ( values ?an t :i* ! in/9ct ( decad5ce sanctions1 yea dur/ sanction4 ,to compreh5d ?is c\rage is ne$$1 &1 z a condition !re(1 a surplus ( /r5g?3 = precisely 9 degree z c\rage d>es to ?ru/ =w>d1 precisely accord+ to ! measure ( /r5g?1 does "o approa* tru?4 ,p]ception1 ! yea-say+ to reality1 is z mu* a necessity to ! /rong z to ! weak1 "u ! inspiration ( weakness1 c[>dly %r9k+1 & flight f reality--! 'ideal4' 444 ,!y are n free to p]ceive3 ! decad5ts h ne$ ( ! lie1--x is "o ( _! conditions ( self-pres]vation4 ,:oso n only compreh5ds ! ^w ,dionysian1 b also grasps 8 self 9 ?is ^w1 requires no refutation ( ,plato or ( ,*ri/ianity or ( ,s*op5hau]--he smells ! putrefaction4 #c4 ,to :at ext5t ,i _h j !reby f\nd ! concept 'tragic1' ! def9itive p]ception ( ! psy*ology ( trag$y1 ,i h b lately /at$ 9 ! ,twilight ( ! ,idols1 page #aci 7#a/ edit473 ',! affirmation ( life1 ev5 9 its mo/ unfamili> & sev]e problems1 ! w to life1 enjoy+ its own inexhau/ibility 9 ! sacrifice ( its highe/ types1--t is :at ,i call$ ,dionysian1 t is :at ,i div9$ z ! bridge to a psy*ology ( ! tragic poet4 ,n 9 ord] to get rid ( t]ror & pity1 n to purify f a dang]\s passion by its vehem5t dis*>ge 7x 0 ?us t ,ari/otle misund]/ood x72 b1 beyond t]ror & pity1 to realise 9 fact ! et]nal delight ( becom+1 t delight :i* ev5 involves 9 itself ! joy ( annihilat+6#a ,9 ?is s5se ,i h ! "r to und]/& myself to be ! fir/ tragic philosoph]--t is1 ! utmo/ anti!sis & antipode to a pessimi/ic philosoph]4 ,prior to myself !re is no su* translation ( ! ,dionysian into ! philosophic pa?os3 !re lacks ! tragic wisdom1--,i h s\ght 9 va9 = an indication !re( ev5 among ! great ,greeks ( philosophy1 ! ?9k]s ( ! two c5turies be=e ,socrates4 ,a d\bt /ill possess$ me z t\*+ ,h]aclitus1 9 ^: proximity ,i 9 g5]al beg9 to feel w>m] & bett] ?an any:]e else4 ,! affirmation ( transi5cy & annihilation1 to wit ! decisive factor 9 a ,dionysian philosophy1 ! yea-say+ to anti!sis & w>1 to becom+1 ) radical rejection ev5 ( ! concept 'be+1'--t ,i mu/ directly ackn[l$ge z1 ( all ?9k+ hi!rto1 ! ne>e/ to my own4 ,! doctr9e ( 'et]nal recurr5ce1' t is1 ( ! uncondition$ & inf9itely repeat$ cycle ( all ?+s--?is doctr9e ( ,z>a?u/ra's might aft] all h be5 already taught by ,h]aclitus4 ,at any rate ! portico#b :i* inh]it$ well-nigh all its fundam5tal conceptions f ,h]aclitus1 %[s traces !re(4 ,illu/ration3 ,facsimile ( ,nietzs*es h&writ+4 #d4 ,9 ?is book speaks a prodigi\s hope4 ,9 f9e1 ,i see no reason :atev] = tak+ back my hope ( a ,dionysian future = music4 ,let u ca/ a glance a c5tury ahead1 let u suppose my assault ^u two mill5niums ( anti-nature & man-vilification succe$s6 ,t new p>ty ( life :i* w take 9 h& ! greate/ ( all tasks1 ! upbre$+ ( mank9d to some?+ high]1--add !reto ! rel5tless annihilation ( all ?+s deg5]at+ & p>asitic1 w aga9 make possible on e>? t too-mu* ( life1 f :i* !re also mu/ ne$s gr[ aga9 ! ,dionysian /ate4 ,i promise a tragic age3 ! highe/ art 9 ! yea-say+ to life1 trag$y1 w be born anew1 :5 mank9d h beh9d !m ! consci\sness ( ! h>de/ b mo/ necess>y w>s1 )\t suff]+ !refrom4 ,a psy*ologi/ might /ill add t :at ,i he>d 9 my y\ng] ye>s 9 ,wagn]ian music _h 9 g5]al naught to d ) ,wagn]2 t :5 ,i describ$ ,wagn]ian music ,i describ$ :at ,i _h he>d1 t ,i _h in/9ctively to translate & transfigure all into ! new _s :i* ,i bore )9 myself4444 #a ,mr4 ,common's translation1 pp4 #bbg-bh4 #b ,greek3 4 ,,translator',s ,,note4 ,:ile ! translator flatt]s himself t ?is v]sion ( ,nietzs*e's e>ly "w--hav+ be5 submitt$ to unsp>+ly scrut9is+ eyes--is n altoge!r unwor?y ( ! orig9al1 he begs to /ate t he holds tw5tie?-c5tury ,engli% to be a r unsatisfactory vehicle = philosophical ?\ght4 ,accord+ly1 9 conjunction ) 8 fri5d ,dr4 ,erne/ ,lacy1 he has prep>$ a second1 m unconv5tional translation1--9 brief1 a translation :i* w enable "o ^: k ( ,engli% ext5ds to1 say1 ! p]iod ( ,elizabe?1 to appreciate ,nietzs*e 9 m =cible language1 because ! language ( a /rong] age4 ,x is propos$ to provide ?is second translation ) an app5dix1 conta9+ _m ref]5ces to ! translat$ writ+s ( ,wagn] & ,s*op5hau]2 to ! works ( ,pat]1 ,br[n+1 ,burckh>dt1 ,rohde1 & o!rs1 & a summm>y & index4 ,= help 9 prep>+ ! pres5t translation1 ! translator wi%es to express 8 ?anks to 8 fri5ds ,dr4 ,erne/ ,lacy1 ,litt4,d42 ,dr4 ,james ,waddell ,tupp]1 ,ph4,d42 ,pr(4 ,h>ry ,max ,f]r52 ,mr4 ,james ,m',kirdy1 ,pittsburg2 & ,mr4 ,?omas ,common1 ,ed9burgh4 ,,william ,,augu/ ,,haussmann1 ,a4,b41 ,ph4,d4