,,! ,,conte/ ,,9 ,,am]ica  ,by ,john    
,/u>t ,mill   ,repr9t$ ,f ,fras]'s      
,magaz9e    ,r$actor's note3  ,italics  
are indicat$ by und]scores surr\nd+ !   
italiciz$ text4    ,,! ,,conte/ ,,9     
,,am]ica    ,! cl\d :i* = ! space ( a   
mon? hung gloomily ov] ! civiliz$ _w1   
black ) f> worse evils ?an ^? ( simple  
w>1 has pass$ f ov] our heads )\t bur/+4
 ,! fe> has n be5 realiz$1 t ! only two 
fir/-rate ,p[]s :o are also free nations
 w\ld take to te>+ ea* o!r 9 pieces1 bo?
 ! "o & ! o!r 9 a bad & odi\s cause4 ,= 
:ile1 on ! ,am]ican side1 ! w> w\ld h   
be5 "o ( reckless p]si/5cy 9 wrong1 on  
ours x w\ld h be5 a w> 9 alliance )1 &1 
to practical purposes1 9 def5ce &       
propagation (1 slav]y4 ,we _h1 inde$1   
be5 wrong$4 ,we _h suff]$ an indignity1 
& some?+ m ?an an indignity1 :i*1 n to h
 res5t$1 w\ld h be5 to invite a con/ant 
succession ( insults & injuries f ! same
 & f e o!r qu>t]4 ,we c\ld h act$ no    
o!rwise ?an we h done3 yet x is         
impossible to ?9k1 )\t some?+ l a %udd]1

 f :at we h escap$4 ,we1 ! emancipators 
( ! slave--:o h we>i$ e ,c\rt &         
,gov]nm5t 9 ,europe & ,am]ica ) our     
prote/s & remon/rances1 until we goad$  
!m into at lea/ o/5sibly cop]at+ ) u to 
prev5t ! enslav+ ( ! negro--we1 :o = !  
la/ half c5tury h sp5t annual sums1     
equal to ! rev5ue ( a small k+dom1 9    
blockad+ ! ,african coa/1 = a cause 9   
:i* we n only _h no int]e/1 b :i* 0     
contr>y to our pecuni>y int]e/1 & :i* _m
 believ$ w\ld ru91 z _m among u /ill1   
?\gh errone\sly1 believe t x has ru9$1  
our colonies1--we %\ld h l5t a h& to    
sett+ up1 9 "o ( ! mo/ comm&+ positions 
( ! _w1 a p[]ful republic1 devot$ n only
 to slav]y1 b to pro-slav]y             
propag&ism--%\ld h help$ to give a place
 9 ! community ( nations to a conspiracy
 ( slave-own]s1 :o h brok5 _! connection
 ) ! ,am]ican ,f$]ation on ! sole gr\nd1
 o/5tati\sly proclaim$1 t !y ?\ght an   
attempt w\ld be made to re/ra91 n slav]y
 itself1 b _! purpose ( spread+ slav]y  
:]ev] migration or =ce c\ld c>ry x4  ,a 

nation :i* has made ! pr(essions t      
,engl& has1 does n ) impunity1 "u h[ev] 
great provocation1 betake itself to     
fru/rat+ ! objects = :i* x has be5 call+
 on ! re/ ( ! _w to make sacrifices (   
:at !y ?9k _! int]e/4 ,at pres5t all !  
nations ( ,europe h sympa?iz$ ) u2 h    
ackn[l$g$ t we 7 injur$1 & decl>$ ) r>e 
unanimity1 t we _h no *oice b to resi/1 
if necess>y1 by arms4 ,b ! consequ5ces (
 su* a w> w\ld soon h buri$ its causes 9
 oblivion4 ,:5 ! new ,conf$]ate ,/ates1 
made an indep5d5t ,p[] by ,engli% help1 
_h begun _! crusade to c>ry negro slav]y
 f ! ,potomac to ,cape ,horn2 :o w\ld !n
 h rememb]$ t ,engl& rais$ up ?is sc\rge
 to humanity n = ! evil's sake1 b       
because somebody _h (f]$ an insult to h]
 flag8 ,or ev5 if un=gott51 :o w\ld !n h
 felt t su* a grievance 0 a suffici5t   
palliation ( ! crime8 ,e read] ( a      
newspap]1 to ! f>!/ ends ( ! e>?1 w\ld h
 believ$ & rememb]$ "o ?+ only--t at !  
critical juncture :i* 0 to decide :e!r  
slav]y %\ld blaze up afre% ) increas$   

vigor or be trodd5 out at ! mom5t (     
conflict betwe5 ! good & ! evil _s--at !
 dawn ( a hope t ! demon might n[ at la/
 be *a9$ & flung into ! pit1 ,engl&     
/epp$ 91 &1 = ! sake ( cotton1 made     
,satan victori\s4  ,! _w has be5 sav$ f 
?is calamity1 & ,engl& f ?is disgrace4  
,! accusation w\ld inde$ h be5 a        
calumny4 ,b to be able to defy calumny1 
a nation1 l an individual1 mu/ /& v cle>
 ( j reproa* 9 its previ\s conduct4     
,un=tunately1 we ourselves h giv5 too   
mu* plausibility to ! *>ge4 ,n by any?+ 
said or done by u z a ,gov]nm5t or z a  
nation1 b by ! tone ( our press1 & 9 "s 
degree1 x mu/ be own$1 ! g5]al op9ion ( 
,engli% society4 ,x is too true1 t !    
feel+s :i* h be5 manife/$ s9ce ! beg9n+ 
( ! ,am]ican conte/--! judgm5ts :i* h   
be5 put =?1 & ! wi%es :i* h be5 express$
 conc]n+ ! incid5ts & probable          
ev5tualities ( ! /ruggle--! bitt] &     
irritat+ criticism :i* has be5 kept up1 
n ev5 aga9/ bo? p>ties equally1 b almo/ 
solely aga9/ ! p>ty 9 ! "r1 & ! ung5]\s 

refusal ( all ^? j all[ances :i* no     
c\ntry ne$s m ?an our own1 :5ev] its    
circum/ances are z ne> to ^? ( ,am]ica z
 a cut f+] is to an almo/ mortal        
w\nd1--^! facts1 ) m9ds n favorably     
dispos$ to u1 w\ld h gone f> to make !  
mo/ odi\s int]pretation ( ! w> 9 :i* we 
h be5 s ne>ly engag$ ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 
appe> by _m degrees ! mo/ probable4 ,!re
 is no d5y+ t our attitude t[>ds !      
cont5d+ p>ties 7,i mean our moral       
attitude1 = politically !re 0 no o!r    
c\rse op5 to u ?an neutrality7 has n be5
 t :i* becomes a p :o are z s9c]e       
enemies ( slav]y z ! ,engli% really are1
 & h made z great sacrifices to put an  
end to x :]e !y c\ld4 ,& x has be5 an   
additional mis=tune t "s ( our mo/      
p[]ful j\rnals h be5 = _m ye>s pa/ v    
unfavorable expon5ts ( ,engli% feel+ on 
all subjects connect$ ) slav]y3 "s1     
probably1 f ! influ5ces1 m or less      
direct1 ( ,we/ ,indian op9ions &        
int]e/s3 o!rs f inbr$ ,toryism1 :i*1 ev5
 :5 compell$ by reason to hold op9ions  

favorable to lib]ty1 is always adv]se to
 x 9 feel+2 :i* likes ! spectacle (     
irresponsible p[] ex]cis$ by "o p]son   
ov] o!rs2 :i* has no moral repugnance to
 ! ?\ght ( human be+s born to ! p5al    
s]vitude = life1 to :i* = ! t]m ( a few 
ye>s we s5t5ce our mo/ h>d5$ crim9als1 b
 keeps its indignation to be exp5d$ on  
rabid & fanatical abolitioni/s across ! 
,atlantic1 & on ^? writ]s 9 ,engl& :o   
atta* a suffici5tly s]i\s mean+ to _!   
,*ri/ian pr(essions1 to consid] a fight 
aga9/ slav]y z a fight = ,god4  ,n[1 :5 
! m9d ( ,engl&1 & x may almo/ be said1 (
 ! civiliz$ "p ( mank9d1 has be5 reliev$
 f ! incubus :i* _h weigh$ on x ev] s9ce
 ! ,tr5t outrage1 & :5 we are no long]  
feel+ t[>ds ! ,nor!rn ,am]icans z m5    
feel t[>ds ^? ) :om !y may be on ! po9t 
( /ruggl+ = life or dea?2 n[1 if ev]1 is
 ! "t to review our position1 & consid] 
:e!r we h be5 feel+ :at ought to h be5  
felt1 & wi%+ :at ought to h be5 wi%$1   
reg>d+ ! conte/ 9 :i* ! ,nor!rn ,/ates  
are engag$ ) ! ,s\?4  ,9 consid]+ ?is   

matt]1 we ought to dismiss f our m9ds1 z
 f> z possible1 ^? feel+s aga9/ ! ,nor?1
 :i* h be5 eng5d]$ n m]ely by ! ,tr5t   
aggression1 b by ! previ\s anti-,briti% 
effusions ( newspap] writ]s & /ump      
orators4 ,x is h>dly wor? :ile to ask h[
 f> ^! explosions ( ill-humor are any?+ 
m ?an might h be5 anticipat$ f          
ill-discipl9$ m9ds1 disappo9t$ ( !      
sympa?y :i* !y ju/ly ?\ght !y _h a "r to
 expect f ! great anti-slav]y p1 9 _!   
really noble ent]prise4 ,x is almo/     
sup]flu\s to rem>k t a democratic       
,gov]nm5t always %[s wor/ :]e o!r       
,gov]nm5ts g5]ally %[ be/1 on its       
outside2 t unreasonable p are mu* m     
noisy ?an ! reasonable2 t ! fro? & scum 
are ! "p ( a viol5tly f]m5t+ liquid t   
meets ! eyes1 b are n its body &        
sub/ance4 ,)\t insi/+ on ^! ?+s1 ,i     
cont5d1 t all previ\s cause ( (f5ce %\ld
 be consid]$ z cancell$1 by ! rep>ation 
:i* ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t has s amply    
made2 n s mu* ! rep>ation itself1 :i*   
might h be5 s made z to leave /ill      

great] cause ( p]man5t res5tm5t beh9d x2
 b ! mann] & _s 9 :i* !y h made x4 ,^! h
 be5 su* z mo/ ( u1 ,i v5ture to say1   
did n by any means expect4 ,if rep>ation
 7 made at all1 ( :i* few ( u felt m ?an
 a hope1 we ?\ght t x w\ld h be5 made   
obvi\sly z a concession to prud5ce1 n to
 pr9ciple4 ,we ?\ght t !re w\ld h be5   
truckl+ to ! newspap] editors & suppos$ 
fire-eat]s :o 7 cry+ out = reta9+ !     
prison]s at all haz>ds4 ,we expect$ t ! 
atonem5t1 if atonem5t !re 71 w\ld h be5 
made ) res]vations1 p]haps "u prote/4   
,we expect$ t ! correspond5ce w\ld h be5
 spun out1 & a trial made to induce     
,engl& to be satisfi$ ) less2 or t !re  
w\ld h be5 a proposal ( arbitration2 or 
t ,engl& w\ld h be5 ask$ to make        
concessions 9 return = ju/ice2 or t if  
submission 0 made1 x w\ld h be5 made1   
o/5sibly1 to ! op9ions & wi%es (        
,cont95tal ,europe4 ,we expect$ any?+1 9
 %ort1 :i* w\ld h be5 weak & timid &    
paltry4 ,! only ?+ :i* no "o seem$ to   
expect1 is :at has actually happ5$4 ,mr4

 ,l9coln's ,gov]nm5t h done none ( ^!   
?+s4 ,l hone/ m51 !y h said 9 direct    
t]ms1 t our dem& 0 "r2 t !y yield$ to x 
because x 0 j2 t if !y !mselves _h      
receiv$ ! same treatm5t1 !y w\ld h dem&$
 ! same rep>ation2 & t if :at seem$ to  
be ! ,am]ican side ( a "q 0 n ! j side1 
!y w\ld be on ! side ( ju/ice2 happy z  
!y 7 to f9d aft] _! resolution _h be5   
tak51 t x 0 also ! side :i* ,am]ica _h  
=m]ly def5d$4 ,is !re any "o1 capable ( 
a moral judgm5t or feel+1 :o w say t 8  
op9ion ( ,am]ica & ,am]ican /atesm51 is 
n rais$ by su* an act1 done on su*      
gr\nds8 ,! act itself may h be5 impos$  
by ! necessity ( ! circum/ances2 b !    
reasons giv51 ! pr9ciples ( action      
pr(ess$1 7 _! own *oice4 ,putt+ ! wor/  
hypo!sis possible1 :i* x w\ld be !      
height ( inju/ice to ent]ta9 s]i\sly1 t 
! concession 0 really made solely to    
conv5i5ce1 & t ! pr(ession ( reg>d =    
ju/ice 0 hypocrisy1 ev5 s1 ! gr\nd tak51
 ev5 if ins9c]ely1 is ! mo/ hopeful sign
 ( ! moral /ate ( ! ,am]ican m9d :i* has

 appe>$ = _m ye>s4 ,t a s5se ( ju/ice   
%\ld be ! motive :i* ! rul]s ( a c\ntry 
rely on1 to reconcile ! public to an    
unpopul>1 & :at might seem a humiliat+  
act2 t ! j\rnali/s1 ! orators1 _m       
lawy]s1 ! ,l[] ,h\se ( ,congress1 & ,mr4
 ,l9coln's own naval secret>y1 %\ld be  
told 9 ! face ( ! _w1 by _! own         
,gov]nm5t1 t !y h be5 giv+ public ?anks1
 pres5ts ( swords1 fre$om ( cities1 all 
mann] ( h]oic honors to ! au?or ( an act
 :i*1 ?\gh n s int5d$1 0 lawless &      
wrong1 & = :i* ! prop] rem$y is         
confession & atonem5t2 t ?is %\ld be !  
accept$ policy 7suppos+ x to be no?+    
high]7 ( a ,democratic ,republic1 %[s   
ev5 unlimit$ democracy to be a bett] ?+ 
?an _m ,engli%m5 h lately be5 9 ! habit 
( consid]+ x1 & goes "s way t[>ds prov+ 
t ! ab]rations ev5 ( a rul+ multitude   
are only fatal :5 ! bett] in/ruct$ h n !
 virtue or ! c\rage to front !m boldly4 
,nor ought x to be =gott51 to ! honor ( 
,mr4 ,l9coln's ,gov]nm5t1 t 9 do+ :at 0 
9 itself "r1 !y h done also :at 0 be/   

fitt$ to allay ! animosity :i* 0 daily  
becom+ m bitt] betwe5 ! two nations s   
long z ! "q rema9$ op54 ,!y h put ! br& 
( confess$ inju/ice ^u t rankl+ &       
v9dictive res5tm5t ) :i* ! pr(ligate &  
passionate "p ( ! ,am]ican press has be5
 ?reat5+ u 9 ! ev5t ( concession1 & :i* 
is to be manife/$ by "s dire rev5ge1 to 
be tak51 z !y pret5d1 aft] ! nation is  
extricat$ f its pres5t difficulties4    
,mr4 ,l9coln has done :at dep5d$ on him 
to make ?is _s expire ) ! occasion :i*  
rais$ x up2 & we %all h ourselves *iefly
 to blame if we keep x alive by ! fur!r 
prolongation ( t /ream ( vitup]ative    
eloqu5ce1 ! s\rce ( :i*1 ev5 n[1 :5 !   
cause ( qu>rel has be5 amicably made up1
 does n seem to h run dry4 #a   #a4 ,i d
 n =get "o regrettable passage 9 ,mr4   
,sew>d's lett]1 9 :i* he said t if !    
safety ( ! ,union requir$ ! det5tion ( !
 captur$ p]sons1 x w\ld be ! "r & duty (
 ?is ,gov]nm5t to deta9 !m4 ,i s9c]ely  
grieve to f9d ?is s5t5ce 9 ! dispat*1 = 
! exceptions to ! g5]al rules ( morality

 are n a subject to be lightly or       
unnecess>ily tamp]$ )4 ,! doctr9e 9     
itself is no o!r ?an t pr(ess$ & act$ on
 by all gov]nm5ts--t self-pres]vation1 9
 a ,/ate1 z 9 an individual1 is a w>rant
 = _m ?+s :i* at all o!r times ought to 
be rigidly ab/a9$ f4 ,at all ev5ts1 no  
nation :i* has ev] pass$ laws (         
exception1 :i* ev] susp5d$ ! ,habeas    
,corpus ,act or pass$ an ,ali5 ,bill 9  
dread ( a ,*>ti/ insurrection1 has a "r 
to ?r[ ! fir/ /one at ,mr4 ,l9coln's    
,gov]nm5t4  ,let u1 !n1 )\t ref]5ce to  
^! j>s1 or to ! declamations ( newspap] 
writ]s on ei!r side ( ! ,atlantic1      
exam9e ! ,am]ican "q z x /ood f !       
beg9n+2 its orig91 ! purpose ( bo? !    
combatants1 & its v>i\s possible or     
probable issues4  ,!re is a !ory 9      
,engl&1 believ$ p]haps by "s1 half      
believ$ by _m m1 :i* is only consi/5t ) 
orig9al ignorance1 or complete subsequ5t
 =getfulness1 ( all ! antec$5ts ( !     
conte/4 ,!re are p :o tell u t1 on !    
side ( ! ,nor?1 ! "q is n "o ( slav]y at

 all4 ,! ,nor?1 x seems1 h no m         
objection to slav]y ?an ! ,s\? h4 ,_!   
lead]s nev] say "o ^w imply+            
disapprobation ( x4 ,!y are ready1 on ! 
contr>y1 to give x new gu>antees2 to    
r5\nce all t !y h be5 cont5d+ =2 to w9  
back1 if opportunity (f]s1 ! ,s\? to !  
,union by surr5d]+ ! :ole po9t4  ,if ?is
 be ! true /ate ( ! case1 :at are !     
,s\!rn *iefs fight+ ab\t8 ,_! apologi/s 
9 ,engl& say t x is ab\t t>iffs1 &      
simil> trump]y4 ,!y say no?+ ( ! k9d4   
,!y tell ! _w1 & !y told _! own citiz5s 
:5 !y want$ _! votes1 t ! object ( !    
fight 0 slav]y4 ,_m ye>s ago1 :5 ,g5]al 
,jackson 0 ,presid5t1 ,s\? ,c>ol9a did  
ne>ly rebel 7%e nev] 0 ne> sep>at+7 ab\t
 a t>iff2 b no o!r ,/ate abett$ h]1 & a 
/rong adv]se demon/ration f ,virg9ia    
br\ght ! matt] to a close4 ,yet ! t>iff 
( t day 0 rigidly protective4 ,comp>$ ) 
t1 ! "o 9 =ce at ! "t ( ! secession 0 a 
free-trade t>iff3 ,?is latt] 0 ! result 
( sev]al successive modifications 9 !   
direction ( fre$om2 & its pr9ciple 0 n  

protection = protection1 b z mu* ( x    
only z might incid5tally result f duties
 impos$ = rev5ue4 ,ev5 ! ,morrill t>iff 
7:i* nev] c\ld h be5 pass$ b = ! ,s\!rn 
secession7 is /at$ by ! high au?ority ( 
,mr4 ,h4 ,c4 ,c>ey to be consid]ably m  
lib]al ?an ! re=m$ ,fr5* t>iff "u ,mr4  
,cobd5's treaty2 insomu* t he1 a        
,protectioni/1 w\ld be glad to ex*ange 8
 own protective t>iff = ,l\is           
,napoleon's free-trade "o4 ,b :y        
discuss1 on probable evid5ce1 notori\s  
facts8 ,! _w kn[s :at ! "q betwe5 !     
,nor? & ,s\? has be5 = _m ye>s1 & /ill  
is4 ,slav]y alone 0 ?\ght (1 alone talk$
 (4 ,slav]y 0 battl$ = & aga9/1 on !    
floor ( ,congress & 9 ! pla9s ( ,kansas2
 on ! slav]y "q exclusively 0 ! p>ty    
con/itut$ :i* n[ rules ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 
on slav]y ,fremont 0 reject$1 on slav]y 
,l9coln 0 elect$2 ! ,s\? sep>at$ on     
slav]y1 & proclaim$ slav]y z ! "o cause 
( sep>ation4  ,x is true en\gh t ! ,nor?
 are n c>ry+ on w> to aboli% slav]y 9 ! 
,/ates :]e x legally exi/s4 ,c\ld x h   

be5 expect$1 or ev5 p]haps desir$1 t !y 
%\ld8 ,a great p>ty does n *ange        
sudd5ly1 & at once1 all its pr9ciples & 
pr(essions4 ,! ,republican p>ty h tak5  
_! /& on law1 & ! exi/+ con/itution ( ! 
,union4 ,!y h disclaim$ all "r to       
attempt any?+ :i* t con/itution =bids4  
,x does =bid int]f]5ce by ! ,f$]al      
,congress ) slav]y 9 ! ,slave ,/ates2 b 
x does n =bid _! aboli%+ x 9 ! ,di/rict 
( ,columbia2 & ?is !y are n[ do+1 hav+  
vot$1 ,i p]ceive1 9 _! pres5t pecuni>y  
/raits1 a million ( doll>s to indemnify 
! slave-own]s ( ! ,di/rict4 ,nei!r did !
 ,con/itution1 9 _! own op9ion1 require 
!m to p]mit ! introduction ( slav]y into
 ! t]ritories :i* 7 n yet ,/ates4 ,to   
prev5t ?is1 ! ,republican p>ty 0 =m$1 & 
to prev5t x1 !y are n[ fight+1 z !      
slave-own]s are fight+ to en=ce x4  ,!  
pres5t gov]nm5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n  
an ,abolitioni/ gov]nm5t4 ,abolitioni/s1
 9 ,am]ica1 mean ^? :o d n keep )9 !    
con/itution2 :o dem& ! de/ruction 7z f> 
z slav]y is conc]n$7 ( z mu* ( x z      

protects ! int]nal legislation ( ea*    
,/ate f ! control ( ,congress2 :o aim at
 aboli%+ slav]y :]ev] x exi/s1 by =ce if
 ne$ be1 b c]ta9ly by "s o!r p[] ?an !  
con/itut$ au?orities ( ! ,slave ,/ates4 
,! ,republican p>ty nei!r aim nor pr(ess
 to aim at ?is object4 ,& :5 we consid] 
! flood ( wra? :i* w\ld h be5 p\r$ out  
aga9/ !m if !y did1 by ! v writ]s :o n[ 
taunt !m ) n do+ x1 we %all be apt to   
?9k ! taunt a little misplac$4 ,b ?\gh n
 an ,abolitioni/ p>ty1 !y are a         
,free-soil p>ty4 ,if !y h n tak5 arms   
aga9/ slav]y1 !y h aga9/ its ext5sion4  
,& !y "k1 z we may "k if we please1 t   
?is am\nts to ! same ?+4 ,! day :5      
slav]y c no long] ext5d itself1 is ! day
 ( its doom4 ,! slave-own]s "k ?is1 & x 
is ! cause ( _! fury4 ,!y "k1 z all "k  
:o h att5d$ to ! subject1 t conf9em5t )9
 exi/+ limits is its dea?-w>rant4       
,slav]y1 "u ! conditions 9 :i* x exi/s 9
 ! ,/ates1 exhau/s ev5 ! b5efic5t p[]s (
 nature4 ,s incompatible is x ) any k9d 
:atev] ( skill$ labor1 t x causes ! :ole

 productive res\rces ( ! c\ntry to be   
conc5trat$ on "o or two products1 cotton
 be+ ! *ief1 :i* require1 to raise &    
prep>e !m = ! m>ket1 little besides     
brute animal =ce4 ,! cotton cultivation1
 9 ! op9ion ( all compet5t judges1 alone
 saves ,nor? ,am]ican slav]y2 b cotton  
cultivation1 exclusively adh]$ to1      
exhau/s 9 a mod]ate numb] ( ye>s all !  
soils :i* are fit = x1 & c only be kept 
up by travell+ f>!r & f>!r we/w>d4 ,mr4 
,olm/$ has giv5 a vivid description ( ! 
desolate /ate ( p>ts ( ,georgia & !     
,c>ol9as1 once among ! ri*e/ specim5s ( 
soil & cultivation 9 ! _w2 & ev5 ! m    
rec5tly coloniz$ ,alabama1 z he %[s1 is 
rapidly foll[+ 9 ! same d[nhill track4  
,to slav]y1 !re=e1 x is a matt] ( life &
 dea? to f9d fre% fields = ! employm5t (
 slave labor4 ,conf9e x to ! pres5t     
,/ates1 & ! own]s ( slave prop]ty w ei!r
 be spe$ily ru9$1 or w h to f9d means ( 
re=m+ & r5ovat+ _! agricultural sy/em2  
:i* _c be done )\t treat+ ! slaves l    
human be+s1 nor )\t s l>ge an employm5t 

( skill$1 t is1 ( free labor1 z w widely
 displace ! unskill$1 & s depreciate !  
pecuni>y value ( ! slave1 t ! imm$iate  
mitigation & ultimate ext9ction ( slav]y
 w\ld be a ne>ly inevitable & probably  
rapid consequ5ce4  ,! ,republican lead]s
 d n talk to ! public ( ^! almo/ c]ta9  
results ( success 9 ! pres5t conflict4  
,!y talk b little1 9 ! exi/+ em]g5cy1   
ev5 ( ! orig9al cause ( qu>rel4 ,! mo/  
ord9>y policy tea*es !m to inscribe on  
_! bann] t "p only ( _! kn[n pr9ciples 9
 :i* _! support]s are unanim\s4 ,!      
pres]vation ( ! ,union is an object ab\t
 :i* ! ,nor? are agre$2 & x has _m      
adh]5ts1 z !y believe1 9 ! ,s\? g5]ally4
 ,t ne>ly half ! population ( ! ,bord]  
,slave ,/ates are 9 favor ( x is a pat5t
 fact1 s9ce !y are n[ fight+ 9 its      
def5ce4 ,x is n probable t !y w\ld be   
will+ to fight directly aga9/ slav]y4 ,!
 ,republicans well "k t if !y c re/abli%
 ! ,union1 !y ga9 ev]y?+ = :i* !y       
orig9ally cont5d$2 & x w\ld be a pla9   
brea* ( fai? ) ! ,s\!rn fri5ds ( !      

,gov]nm5t1 if1 aft] rally+ !m r\nd its  
/&>d = a purpose ( :i* !y approve1 x 7  
sudd5ly to alt] its t]ms ( communion )\t
 _! cons5t4  ,b ! p>ties 9 a protract$  
civil w> almo/ inv>iably end by tak+ m  
extreme1 n to say high] gr\nds (        
pr9ciple1 ?an !y began )4 ,middle p>ties
 & fri5ds ( compromise are soon left    
beh9d2 & if ! writ]s :o s sev]ely       
criticize ! pres5t mod]ation ( !        
,free-soil]s are desir\s to see ! w>    
become an abolition w>1 x is probable t 
if ! w> la/s long en\gh !y w be         
gratifi$4 ,)\t ! smalle/ pret5sion to   
see fur!r into futurity ?an o!r p1 ,i at
 lea/ h =ese5 & =etold f ! fir/1 t if ! 
,s\? 7 n promptly put d[n1 ! conte/ w\ld
 become di/9ctly an antislav]y "o2 nor d
 ,i believe t any p]son1 accu/om$ to    
reflect on ! c\rse ( human affairs 9    
tr\bl$ times1 c expect any?+ else4 ,^?  
:o h read1 ev5 cursorily1 ! mo/ valuable
 te/imony to :i* ! ,engli% public h     
access1 conc]n+ ! real /ate ( affairs 9 
,am]ica--! lett]s ( ! ,times'           

correspond5t1 ,mr4 ,russell--mu/ h      
obs]v$ h[ e>ly & rapidly he arriv$ at ! 
same conclusion1 & ) :at increas+       
emphasis he n[ cont9ually reit]ates x4  
,9 "o ( 8 rec5t lett]s he names ! end ( 
next summ] z ! p]iod by :i*1 if ! w> has
 n soon] t]m9at$1 x w h assum$ a        
complete anti-slav]y "*4 ,s e>ly a t]m  
exce$s1 ,i confess1 my mo/ sangu9e      
hopes2 b if ,mr4 ,russell be "r1 ,heav5 
=bid t ! w> %\ld cease soon]2 = if x    
la/s till !n1 x is q possible t x w     
reg5]ate ! ,am]ican p4  ,if1 h[ev]1 !   
purposes ( ! ,nor? may be d\bt$ or      
misund]/ood1 !re is at lea/ no "q z to  
^? ( ! ,s\?4 ,!y make no concealm5t ( _!
 pr9ciples4 ,z long z !y 7 all[$ to     
direct all ! policy ( ! ,union2 to break
 ?r\gh compromise aft] compromise1      
encroa* /ep aft] /ep1 until !y rea*$ !  
pit* ( claim+ a "r to c>ry slave prop]ty
 into ! ,free ,/ates1 &1 9 opposition to
 ! laws ( ^? ,/ates1 hold x z prop]ty   
!re2 s long1 !y 7 will+ to rema9 9 !    
,union4 ,! mom5t a ,presid5t 0 elect$ ( 

:om x 0 inf]r$ f 8 op9ions1 n t he w\ld 
take any measures aga9/ slav]y :]e x    
exi/s1 b t he w\ld oppose its e/abli%m5t
 :]e x exi/s n1--t mom5t !y broke loose 
f :at 01 at lea/1 a v solemn contract1 &
 =m$ !mselves into a ,conf$]ation       
pr(ess+ z its fundam5tal pr9ciple n     
m]ely ! p]petuation1 b ! indef9ite      
ext5sion ( slav]y4 ,& ! doctr9e is l\dly
 prea*$ ?r\gh ! new ,republic1 t slav]y1
 :e!r black or :ite1 is a good 9 itself1
 & ! prop] condition ( ! work+ classes  
ev]y:]e4  ,let me1 9 a few words1 rem9d 
! read] :at sort ( a ?+ ?is is1 :i* !   
:ite olig>*y ( ! ,s\? h b&$ !mselves    
toge!r to propagate & e/abli%1 if !y    
c\ld1 univ]sally4 ,:5 x is wi%$ to      
describe any portion ( ! human race z 9 
! l[e/ /ate ( debasem5t1 & "u ! mo/     
cruel oppression1 9 :i* x is possible = 
human be+s to live1 !y are comp>$ to    
slaves4 ,:5 words are s\ght by :i* to   
/igmatize ! mo/ odi\s despotism1 ex]cis$
 9 ! mo/ odi\s mann]1 & all o!r         
comp>isons are f\nd inadequate1 !       

despots are said to be l slave-ma/]s1 or
 slave-driv]s4 ,:at1 by a rhetorical    
lic5se1 ! wor/ oppressors ( ! human     
race1 by way ( /amp+ on !m ! mo/ hateful
 "* possible1 are said to be1 ^! m51 9 v
 tru?1 are4 ,i d n mean t all ( !m are  
hateful p]sonally1 any m ?an all !      
,inquisitors1 or all ! buccane]s4 ,b !  
position :i* !y occupy1 & ! ab/ract     
excell5ce ( :i* !y are 9 arms to        
v9dicate1 is t :i* ! unit$ voice (      
mank9d habitually selects z ! type ( all
 hateful qualities4 ,i w n b&y *ican]y  
ab\t ! m or less ( /ripes or o!r torm5ts
 :i* are daily requisite to keep ! ma*9e
 9 work+ ord]1 nor discuss :e!r !       
,legrees or ! ,/4 ,clairs are m num]\s  
among ! slave-own]s ( ! ,s\!rn ,/ates4  
,! broad facts ( ! case suffice4 ,"o    
fact is en\gh4 ,!re are1 ,heav5 kn[s1   
vici\s & tyrannical in/itutions 9 ample 
abundance on ! e>?4 ,b ?is in/itution is
 ! only "o ( !m all :i* requires1 to    
keep x go+1 t human be+s %\ld be burnt  
alive4 ,! calm & dispassionate ,mr4     

,olm/$ affirms t !re has n be5 a s+le   
ye>1 = _m ye>s pa/1 9 :i* ?is horror is 
n kn[n to h be5 p]petrat$ 9 "s "p or o!r
 ( ! ,s\?4 ,& n ^u negroes only2 !      
,ed9burgh ,review1 9 a rec5t numb]1 gave
 ! hide\s details ( ! burn+ alive ( an  
un=tunate ,nor!rn huck/] by ,lyn* law1  
on m]e suspicion ( hav+ aid$ 9 ! escape 
( a slave4 ,:at mu/ ,am]ican slav]y be1 
if de$s l ^! are necess>y "u x8--& if !y
 are n necess>y & are yet done1 is n !  
evid5ce aga9/ slav]y /ill m damn+8 ,!   
,s\? are 9 rebellion n = simple slav]y2 
!y are 9 rebellion = ! "r ( burn+ human 
creatures alive4  ,b we are told1 by a  
/range misapplication ( a true pr9ciple1
 t ! ,s\? _h a "r to sep>ate2 t _!      
sep>ation ought to h be5 cons5t$ to1 !  
mom5t !y %[$ !mselves ready to fight =  
x2 & t ! ,nor?1 9 resi/+ x1 are committ+
 ! same error & wrong :i* ,engl&        
committ$ 9 oppos+ ! orig9al sep>ation ( 
! ?irte5 colonies4 ,?is is c>ry+ !      
doctr9e ( ! sacr$ "r ( insurrection r   
f>4 ,x is wond]ful h[ easy & lib]al &   

comply+ p c be 9 o!r p's conc]ns4       
,because !y are will+ to surr5d] _! own 
pa/1 & h no objection to jo9 9          
reprobation ( _! great-gr&fa!rs1 !y nev]
 put !mselves ! "q :at !y !mselves w\ld 
d 9 circum/ances f> less try+1 "u f>    
less pressure ( real national calamity4 
,w\ld ^? :o pr(ess ^! ard5t revolution>y
 pr9ciples cons5t to _! be+ appli$ to   
,irel&1 or ,india1 or ! ,ionian ,isl&s4 
,h[ h !y treat$ ^? :o did attempt s to  
apply !m8 ,b ! case c disp5se ) any m]e 
argum5tum ad hom9em4 ,i am n fright5$ at
 ! ^w rebellion4 ,i d n scruple to say t
 ,i h sympa?iz$ m or less ard5tly ) mo/ 
( ! rebellions1 successful &            
unsuccessful1 :i* h tak5 place 9 my "t4 
,b ,i c]ta9ly nev] conceiv$ t !re 0 a   
suffici5t title to my sympa?y 9 ! m]e   
fact ( be+ a rebel2 t ! act ( tak+ arms 
aga9/ "o's fell[-citiz5s 0 s m]itori\s 9
 itself1 0 s completely its own         
ju/ification1 t no "q ne$ be ask$       
conc]n+ ! motive4 ,x seems to me a      
/range doctr9e t ! mo/ s]i\s &          

responsible ( all human acts imposes no 
obligation on ^? :o d x ( %[+ t !y h a  
real grievance2 t ^? :o rebel = ! p[] ( 
oppress+ o!rs1 ex]cise z sacr$ a "r z ^?
 :o d ! same ?+ to resi/ oppression     
practis$ ^u !mselves4 ,nei!r rebellion  
nor any o!r act :i* affects ! int]e/s ( 
o!rs1 is suffici5tly legitimat$ by ! m]e
 w to d x4 ,secession may be laudable1 &
 s may any o!r k9d ( insurrection2 b x  
may also be an enorm\s crime4 ,x is ! "o
 or ! o!r1 accord+ to ! object & !      
provocation4 ,& if !re ev] 0 an object  
:i*1 by its b>e ann\ncem5t1 /amp$ rebels
 aga9/ a p>ticul> community z enemies ( 
mank9d1 x is ! "o pr(ess$ by ! ,s\?4 ,_!
 "r to sep>ate is ! "r :i* ,c>t\*e or   
,turp9 w\ld h _h to sec$e f _!          
respective c\ntries1 because ! laws ( ^?
 c\ntries w\ld n suff] !m to rob & murd]
 on ! highway4 ,! only real diff]5ce is 
t ! pres5t rebels are m p[]ful ?an      
,c>t\*e or ,turp91 & may possibly be    
able to effect _! iniquit\s purpose4    
,suppose1 h[ev]1 = ! sake ( argum5t1 t !

 m]e w to sep>ate 7 9 ?is case1 or 9 any
 case1 a suffici5t gr\nd = sep>ation1 ,i
 beg to be in=m$ ^: w8 ,! w ( any knot (
 m5 :o1 by fair means or f\l1 by        
usurpation1 t]rorism1 or fraud1 h got ! 
re9s ( gov]nm5t into _! h&s8 ,if !      
inmates ( ,p>khur/ ,prison 7 to get     
possession ( ! ,isle ( ,wight1 occupy   
its milit>y positions1 enli/ "o "p ( its
 inhabitants 9 _! own ranks1 set !      
rema9d] ( !m to "w 9 *a9 gangs1 & decl>e
 !mselves indep5d5t1 ought _!           
recognition by ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t to be
 an imm$iate consequ5ce8 ,be=e admitt+ !
 au?ority ( any p]sons1 z organs ( ! w (
 ! p1 to dispose ( ! :ole political     
exi/5ce ( a c\ntry1 ,i ask to see :e!r  
_! cr$5tials are f ! :ole1 or only f a  
"p4 ,& fir/1 x is necess>y to ask1 ,h ! 
slaves be5 consult$8 ,has _! w be5 c\nt$
 z any "p 9 ! e/imate ( collective      
volition8 ,!y are a "p ( ! population4  
,h[ev] natural 9 ! c\ntry itself1 x is r
 cool 9 ,engli% writ]s :o talk s glibly 
( ! t5 millions 7,i believe !re are only

 eight71 to pass ov] ! v exi/5ce ( f\r  
millions :o mu/ abhor ! idea (          
sep>ation4 ,rememb]1 we consid] !m to be
 human be+s1 entitl$ to human rights4   
,nor c x be d\bt$ t ! m]e fact ( belong+
 to a ,union 9 "s p>ts ( :i* slav]y is  
reprobat$1 is "s alleviation ( _!       
condition1 if only z reg>ds future      
probabilities4 ,b ev5 ( ! :ite          
population1 x is que/ionable if !re 0 9 
! beg9n+ a majority = secession any:]e b
 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a4 ,?\gh ! ?+ 0           
pre-det]m9$1 & mo/ ( ! ,/ates committ$  
by _! public au?orities be=e ! p 7 call$
 on to vote2 ?\gh 9 tak+ ! votes        
t]rorism 9 _m places reign$ triumphant2 
yet ev5 s1 9 sev]al ( ! ,/ates1         
secession 0 c>ri$ only by n>r[          
majorities4 ,9 "s ! au?orities h n d>$  
to publi% ! numb]s2 9 "s x is ass]t$ t  
no vote has ev] be5 tak54 ,fur!r 7z 0   
po9t$ out 9 an admirable lett] by ,mr4  
,c>ey71 ! ,slave ,/ates are int]sect$ 9 
! middle1 f _! nor!rn fronti] almo/ to !
 ,gulf ( ,mexico1 by a c\ntry ( free    

labor--! m\nta9 region ( ! ,alleghanies 
& _! dep5d5cies1 =m+ p>ts ( ,virg9ia1   
,nor? ,c>ol9a1 ,t5nessee1 ,georgia1 &   
,alabama1 9 :i*1 f ! nature ( ! climate 
& ( ! agricultural & m9+ indu/ry1 slav]y
 to any mat]ial ext5t nev] did1 & nev]  
w1 exi/4 ,?is m\nta9 zone is peopl$ by  
ard5t fri5ds ( ! ,union4 ,c\ld ! ,union 
ab&on !m1 )\t ev5 an ef=t1 to be dealt )
 at ! pleasure ( an exasp]at$ slave-own+
 olig>*y8 ,c\ld x ab&on ! ,g]mans :o1 9 
,we/]n ,texas1 h made s m]itori\s a     
comm5cem5t ( gr[+ cotton on ! bord]s ( !
 ,mexican ,gulf by free labor8 ,7 ! "r (
 ! slave-own]s to sec$e ev] s cle>1 !y h
 no "r to c>ry ^! ) !m2 unless          
allegiance is a m]e "q ( local          
proximity1 & my next neighbor1 if ,i am 
a /rong] man1 c be compell$ to foll[ me 
9 any lawless vag>ies ,i *oose to       
indulge4  ,b 7x is said7 ! ,nor? w nev] 
succe$ 9 conqu]+ ! ,s\?2 & s9ce !       
sep>ation mu/ 9 ! end be recogniz$1 x is
 bett] to d at fir/ :at mu/ be done at  
la/2 moreov]1 if x did conqu] !m1 x c\ld

 n gov]n !m :5 conqu]$1 consi/5tly )    
free in/itutions4 ,) no "o ( ^!         
propositions c ,i agree4  ,:e!r or n !  
,nor!rn ,am]icans w succe$ 9 reconqu]+ !
 ,s\?1 ,i d n affect to =esee4 ,t !y c  
conqu] x1 if _! pres5t det]m9ation      
holds1 ,i h nev] ent]ta9$ a d\bt2 = !y  
are twice z num]\s1 & t5 or twelve times
 z ri*4 ,n by tak+ milit>y possession ( 
_! c\ntry1 or m>*+ an army ?r\gh x1 b by
 we>+ !m out1 exhau/+ _! res\rces1      
depriv+ !m ( ! com=ts ( life1 enc\rag+  
_! slaves to des]t1 & exclud+ !m f      
communication ) =eign c\ntries4 ,all    
?is1 ( c\rse1 dep5ds on ! supposition t 
! ,nor? does n give 9 fir/4 ,:e!r !y w  
p]sev]e to ?is po9t1 or :e!r _! _s1 _!  
pati5ce1 & ! sacrifices !y are will+ to 
make1 w be exhau/$ be=e rea*+ x1 ,i _c  
tell4 ,!y may1 9 ! end1 be we>i$ into   
recogniz+ ! sep>ation4 ,b to ^? :o say t
 because ?is may h to be done at la/1 x 
ought to h be5 done at fir/1 ,i put ! v 
s]i\s "q--,on :at t]ms8 ,h !y ev]       
consid]$ :at w\ld h be5 ! mean+ (       

sep>ation if x _h be5 ass5t$ to by !    
,nor!rn ,/ates :5 fir/ dem&$8 ,p talk z 
if sep>ation meant no?+ m ?an !         
indep5d5ce ( ! sec$+ ,/ates4 ,to h      
accept$ x "u t limitation w\ld h be51 on
 ! "p ( ! ,s\?1 to give up t :i* !y h   
sec$$ expressly to pres]ve4 ,sep>ation1 
) !m1 means at lea/ half ! ,t]ritories2 
includ+ ! ,mexican bord]1 & ! consequ5t 
p[] ( invad+ & ov]runn+ ,spani% ,am]ica 
= ! purpose ( plant+ !re ! peculi>      
in/itution :i* ev5 ,mexican civilization
 has f\nd too bad to be endur$4 ,!re is 
no kn[+ to :at po9t ( degradation a     
c\ntry may be driv5 9 a desp]ate /ate ( 
its affairs2 b if ! ,nor? ev]1 unless on
 ! br9k ( actual ru91 makes peace ) !   
,s\?1 giv+ up ! orig9al cause ( qu>rel1 
! fre$om ( ! ,t]ritories2 if x resigns  
to !m :5 out ( ! ,union t p[] ( evil :i*
 x w\ld n grant to reta9 !m 9 !         
,union--x w incur ! pity & disda9 (     
po/]ity4 ,& no "o c suppose t ! ,s\?    
w\ld h cons5t$1 or 9 _! pres5t temp] ev]
 w cons5t1 to an accommodation on any   

o!r t]ms4 ,x w require a succession (   
humiliation to br+ !m to t4 ,! necessity
 ( reconcil+ !mselves to ! conf9em5t (  
slav]y )9 its exi/+ b\nd>ies1 ) !       
natural consequ5ce1 imm$iate mitigation 
( slav]y1 & ultimate emancipation1 is a 
lesson :i* !y are 9 no mood to le>n f   
any?+ b disa/]4 ,two or ?ree defeats 9 !
 field1 break+ _! milit>y /r5g?1 ?\gh n 
foll[$ by an invasion ( _! t]ritory1 may
 possibly tea* x to !m4 ,if s1 !re is no
 brea* ( *>ity 9 hop+ t ?is sev]e s*ool+
 may promptly come4 ,:5 m5 set !mselves 
up1 9 defiance ( ! re/ ( ! _w1 to d !   
devil's "w1 no good c come ( !m until ! 
_w has made !m feel t ?is "w _c be      
suff]$ to be done any long]4 ,if ?is k  
does n come to !m = sev]al ye>s1 !      
abolition "q w by t "t h settl$ itself4 
,= assur$ly ,congress w v soon make up  
its m9d to decl>e all slaves free :o    
belong to p]sons 9 arms aga9/ ! ,union4 
,:5 t is done1 slav]y1 conf9$ to a      
m9ority1 w soon cure itself2 & !        
pecuni>y value ( ! negroes belong+ to   

loyal ma/]s w probably n exce$ ! am\nt (
 comp5sation :i* ! ,unit$ ,/ates w be   
will+ & able to give4  ,! assum$        
difficulty ( gov]n+ ! ,s\!rn ,/ates z   
free & equal commonweal?s1 9 case ( _!  
return to ! ,union1 is purely imag9>y4  
,if br\ght back by =ce1 & n by volunt>y 
compact1 !y w return )\t ! ,t]ritories1 
& )\t a ,fugitive ,slave ,law4 ,x may be
 assum$ t 9 t ev5t ! victori\s p>ty w\ld
 make ! alt]ations 9 ! ,f$]al           
,con/itution :i* are necess>y to adapt x
 to ! new circum/ances1 & :i* w\ld n    
infr+e1 b /r5g!n1 its democratic        
pr9ciples4 ,an article w\ld h to be     
ins]t$ prohibit+ ! ext5sion ( slav]y to 
! ,t]ritories1 or ! admission into !    
,union ( any new ,slave ,/ate4 ,)\t any 
o!r gu>antee1 ! rapid =mation ( new     
,free ,/ates w\ld ensure to fre$om a    
decisive & con/antly increas+ majority 9
 ,congress4 ,x w\ld also be "r to       
abrogate t bad provision ( !            
,con/itution 7a necess>y compromise at !
 "t ( its fir/ e/abli%m5t7 :]eby !      

slaves1 ?\gh reckon$ z citiz5s 9 no o!r 
respect1 are c\nt$1 to ! ext5t ( ?ree   
fif?s ( _! numb]1 9 ! e/imate ( !       
population = fix+ ! numb] (             
repres5tatives ( ea* ,/ate 9 ! ,l[]     
,h\se ( ,congress4 ,:y %\ld ! ma/]s h   
memb]s 9 "r ( _! human *attels1 any m   
?an ( _! ox5 & pigs8 ,! ,presid5t1 9 8  
,message1 has already propos$ t ?is     
salut>y re=m %\ld be effect$ 9 ! case ( 
,m>yl&1 additional t]ritory1 deta*$ f   
,virg9ia1 be+ giv5 to t ,/ate z an      
equival5t3 ?us cle>ly indicat+ ! policy 
:i* he approves1 & :i* he is probably   
will+ to make univ]sal4  ,z x is        
necess>y to be prep>$ = all             
possibilities1 let u n[ contemplate     
ano!r4 ,let u suppose ! wor/ possible   
issue ( ?is w>--! "o app>5tly desir$ by 
^? ,engli% writ]s ^: moral feel+ is s   
philosophically indiff]5t betwe5 !      
apo/les ( slav]y & its enemies4 ,suppose
 t ! ,nor? %\ld /oop to recognize ! new 
,conf$]ation on its own t]ms1 leav+ x   
half ! ,t]ritories1 & t x is ackn[l$g$  

by ,europe1 & takes its place z an      
admitt$ memb] ( ! community ( nations4  
,x w be desirable to take ?\ght be=eh&  
:at are to be our own future relations )
 a new ,p[]1 pr(ess+ ! pr9ciples (      
,attila & ,g5ghis ,khan z ! f\ndation ( 
its ,con/itution4 ,are we to see )      
indiff]5ce its victori\s army let loose 
to propagate _! national fai? at !      
rifle's m\? ?r\gh ,mexico & ,c5tral     
,am]ica8 ,%all we submit to see fire &  
sword c>ri$ ov] ,cuba & ,porto ,rico1 & 
,hayti & ,lib]ia conqu]$ & br\ght back  
to slav]y8 ,we %all soon h causes en\gh 
( qu>rel on our own acc\nt4 ,:5 we are 9
 ! act ( s5d+ an exp$ition aga9/ ,mexico
 to r$ress ! wrongs ( private ,briti%   
subjects1 we %\ld d well to reflect 9 "t
 t ! ,presid5t ( ! new ,republic1 ,mr4  
,jeff]son ,davis1 0 ! orig9al inv5tor ( 
repudiation4 ,mississippi 0 ! fir/ ,/ate
 :i* repudiat$1 ,mr4 ,jeff]son ,davis 0 
,gov]nor ( ,mississippi1 & !            
,legislature ( ,mississippi _h pass$ a  
,bill recogniz+ & provid+ = ! debt1 :i* 

,bill ,mr4 ,jeff]son ,davis veto$4      
,unless we ab&on ! pr9ciples we h = two 
g5]ations consi/5tly pr(ess$ & act$ on1 
we %\ld be at w> ) ! new ,conf$]acy )9  
five ye>s ab\t ! ,african slave-trade4  
,an ,engli% ,gov]nm5t w h>dly be base   
en\gh to recognize !m1 unless !y accept 
all ! treaties by :i* ,am]ica is at     
pres5t b\nd2 nor1 x may be hop$1 ev5 if 
de facto indep5d5t1 w\ld !y be admitt$  
to ! c\rtesies ( diplomatic int]c\rse1  
unless !y grant$ 9 ! mo/ explicit mann] 
! "r ( se>*4 ,to all[ ! slave-%ips ( a  
,conf$]ation =m$ = ! ext5sion ( slav]y  
to come & g free1 & unexam9$1 betwe5    
,am]ica & ! ,african coa/1 w\ld be to   
r5\nce ev5 ! pret5ce ( attempt+ to      
protect ,africa aga9/ ! man-/eal]1 &    
ab&on t ,cont95t to ! horrors1 on a f>  
l>g] scale1 :i* 7 practis$ be=e         
,granville ,%>p & ,cl>kson 7 9 exi/5ce4 
,b ev5 if ! "r ( int]cept+ _! slav]s 7  
ackn[l$g$ by treaty1 :i* x nev] w\ld be1
 ! arrogance ( ! ,s\!rn slave-hold]s    
w\ld n long submit to its ex]cise4 ,_!  

pride & self-conceit1 swell$ to an      
inord9ate height by _! successful       
/ruggle1 w\ld defy ! p[] ( ,engl& z !y  
_h already successfully defi$ t ( _!    
,nor!rn c\ntrym54 ,aft] our p by _! cold
 disapprobation1 & our press by its     
invective1 _h comb9$ ) _! own           
difficulties to damp ! _s ( ! ,free     
,/ates1 & drive !m to submit & make     
peace1 we %\ld h to fight ! ,slave      
,/ates ourselves at f> great]           
disadvantages1 :5 we %\ld no long] h !  
we>i$ & exhau/$ ,nor? = an ally4 ,! "t  
might come :5 ! b>b>\s & b>b>iz+ ,p[]1  
:i* we by our moral support _h help$    
into exi/5ce1 w\ld require a g5]al      
crusade ( civiliz$ ,europe1 to ext+ui% !
 mis*ief :i* x _h all[$1 & we _h aid$1  
to rise up 9 ! mid/ ( our civilization4 
,= ^! reasons ,i _c jo9 ) ^? :o cry     
,peace1 peace4 ,i _c wi% t ?is w> %\ld n
 h be5 engag$ 9 by ! ,nor?1 or t be+    
engag$ 91 x %\ld be t]m9at$ on any      
conditions b su* z w\ld reta9 ! :ole ( !
 ,t]ritories z free soil4 ,i am n bl9d  

to ! possibility t x may require a long 
w> to l[] ! arrogance & tame !          
aggressive ambition ( ! slave-own]s1 to 
! po9t ( ei!r return+ to ! ,union1 or   
cons5t+ to rema9 out ( x ) _! pres5t    
limits4 ,b w>1 9 a good cause1 is n !   
greate/ evil :i* a nation c suff]4 ,w>  
is an ugly ?+1 b n ! uglie/ ( ?+s3 !    
decay$ & degrad$ /ate ( moral &         
patriotic feel+ :i* ?9ks no?+ wor? a w>1
 is worse4 ,:5 a p are us$ z m]e human  
in/rum5ts = fir+ cannon or ?ru/+        
bayonets1 9 ! s]vice & = ! selfi%       
purposes ( a ma/]1 su* w> degrades a p4 
,a w> to protect o!r human be+s aga9/   
tyrannical inju/ice2 a w> to give       
victory to _! own ideas ( "r & good1 &  
:i* is _! own w>1 c>ri$ on = an hone/   
purpose by _! free *oice--is (t5 ! means
 ( _! reg5]ation4 ,a man :o has no?+ :i*
 he is will+ to fight =1 no?+ :i* he    
c>es m ab\t ?an he does ab\t 8 p]sonal  
safety1 is a mis]able creature1 :o has  
no *ance ( be+ free1 unless made & kept 
s by ! ex]tions ( bett] m5 ?an himself4 

,z long z ju/ice & inju/ice h n t]m9at$ 
_! ev] r5ew+ fight = asc5dancy 9 !      
affairs ( mank9d1 human be+s mu/ be     
will+1 :5 ne$ is1 to d battle = ! "o    
aga9/ ! o!r4 ,i am f> f say+ t ! pres5t 
/ruggle1 on ! "p ( ! ,nor!rn ,am]icans1 
is :olly ( ?is exalt$ "*2 t x has arriv$
 at ! /age ( be+ altoge!r a w> = ju/ice1
 a w> ( pr9ciple4 ,b !re 0 f ! beg9n+1 &
 n[ is1 a l>ge infusion ( t elem5t 9 x2 
& ?is is increas+1 w increase1 & if ! w>
 la/s1 w 9 ! end pr$om9ate4 ,%\ld t "t  
come1 n only w ! greate/ enormity :i*   
/ill exi/s among mank9d z an in/itution1
 receive f> e>li] its c\ps de grce ?an  
!re has ev]1 until n[1 appe>$ any       
probability (2 b 9 effect+ ?is ! ,free  
,/ates w h rais$ !mselves to t elevat$  
position 9 ! scale ( morality & dignity1
 :i* is d]iv$ f great sacrifices        
consci\sly made 9 a virtu\s cause1 & !  
s5se ( an ine/imable b5efit to all      
future ages1 br\ght ab\t by _! own      
volunt>y ef=ts4