,,! ,,art ,,( ,,bookb9d+4 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise4 ,,by ,,joseph ,w4 ,,zaehnsdorf4 ,,te*nological ,,h&books4 ,,art ,,( ,,bookb9d+4 ,,te*nological ,,h&books4 #a4 ,,dye+ ,,& ,,tissue-,,pr9t+4 ,by ,william ,crookes1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,v4,p4,c4,s4 #es4 #b4 ,,glass ,,manufacture4 ,,introductory ,,essay1 by ,h4 ,j4 ,p[ell1 ,b4,a4 7,:itefri>s ,glass ,works72 ,,cr[n ,,& ,,%eet ,,glass1 by ,h5ry ,*ance1 ,m4,a4 7,*ance ,bros41 ,birm+ham72 ,,plate ,,glass1 by ,h4 ,g4 ,h>ris1 ,assoc4 ,memb4 ,in/4 ,c4,e4 #cs4 #f;d4 #c4 ,,cotton ,,sp9n+2 ,its ,developm5t1 ,pr9ciples1 & ,practice4 ,by ,r4 ,m>sd51 ,editor ( ! 8,textile ,m]cury40 ,) an ,app5dix on ,/eam ,eng9es & ,boil]s4 #crd edition1 revis$1 #fs4 #f;d4 #d4 ,,coal-,,t> ,,col\rs1 ,! ,*emi/ry (4 ,) special ref]5ce to _! application to ,dye+1 c4 ,by ,dr4 ,r4 ,b5$ikt4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man by ,e4 ,kne*t1 ,ph4,d4 #bnd edition1 enl>g$1 #fs4 #f;d4 #e4 ,,wooll5 ,,& ,,wor/$ ,,clo? ,,manufacture4 ,by ,pr(essor ,rob]ts ,beaumont4 #bnd edition1 revis$4 #gs4 #f;d4 #f4 ,,pr9t+4 ,by ,c4 ,t4 ,jacobi1 ,manag] ( ! ,*iswick ,press4 #es4 #g4 ,,bookb9d+4 ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,zaehnsdorf4 #i4 ,,cotton ,,weav+4 ,by ,r4 ,m>sd54 ,9 prep>ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flor5t9e4 ,small folio4 ,,te*nological ,,h&books4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,bookb9d+4 ,a ,,practical ,,treatise4 ,,by ,,joseph ,w4 ,,zaehnsdorf4 ,,) ,,plates ,,& ,,diagrams4 ,,second ,,edition1 ,,revis$ ,,& ,,enl>g$4 ,,london3 ,,george ,,bell ,,& ,,sons1 ,,york ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d54 #ahij4 ,,*iswick ,,press3--,c4 ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co41 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane4 ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,hugh ,,ow51 ,,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,,z ,a ,,slight ,,ackn[l$gm5t ,,( ,,8 ,,c\nsel ,,& ,,fri5d%ip1 ,,& ,,9 ,,admiration ,,( ,,8 ,,k ,,( ,,bookb9d+4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,second ,,edition4 ,! fir/ edition ( ?is book 0 writt5 = ! use ( amateurs1 b ,i f\nd t among/ ! memb]s ( ! trade my little volume _h a l>ge sale1 & 9 a %ort "t ! edition became exhau/$4 ,repeat$ applications = ! book h induc$ me to issue ?is second edition4 ,i h adh]$ to ! arrangem5t ( ! fir/1 b a great deal ( fre% matt] has be5 add$1 :i* ,i tru/ w be f\nd useful4 ,%\ld any ( my fell[-workm5 f9d any?+ new to !m ,i %all be satisfi$1 kn[+ t ,i h done my duty 9 spread+ su* k z may contribute t[>ds ! advancem5t ( ! beautiful art ( bookb9d+4 ,i h to record my obligations to ^? g5tlem5 :o h assi/$ me by c\rte\sly describ+ ! v>i\s ma*9es ( _! inv5tion ) :i* ! book is illu/rat$4 ,! object1 h[ev]1 ( illu/rat+ ?is "w ) engrav+s ( ma*9es is simply to recognize ! fact t books are b\nd by ma*9]y4 ,to a me*anical work] mu/ be left ! task ( describ+ ! processes us$ 9 ?is me?od4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates4 ,,flor5t9e ''' ,frontispiece ,,groli] ''' xiv ,,gascon ''' xvi ,,r5aissance ''' #aaj ,,antique ,,) ,,gold ,,l9e ''' #aab ,,d]ome ''' #aad ,,groli] ''' #acb ,,maioli ''' #acd ,,cont5ts4 ,,"p ,i4--,,=w>d+4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,fold+3 ,refold+ -- ,ma*9es -- ,ga!r+ ''' #c-h ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,beat+ & ,roll+3 ,ma*9es ''' #i-ab ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,collat+3 ,int]leav+ ''' #ac-ai ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,m>k+ up & ,saw+ 9 ''' #bj-bc ,,*apt] ,v4 ,sew+3 ,flexible -- ,ord9>y ''' #bc-cb ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,=w>d+3 ,end ,pap]s -- ,cobb ,pap] -- ,surface ,pap] -- ,m>bl$ ,pap] -- ,pr9t$ & o!r ,fancy ,pap] -- ,col\r$ ,pa/e ,pap] ''' #cc-cf ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,pa/+ up ''' #cf-cg ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,putt+ on ! ,end ,pap]s ''' #ch-da ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,trimm+ ''' #da-dd ,,*apt] ,x4 ,glu+ up ''' #de-df ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,r\nd+ ''' #df-dh ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,back+ ''' #dh-ea ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,mill-bo>ds ''' #ea-eg ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,draw+-9 & ,press+ ''' #eg-ei ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,cutt+ ''' #ei-ff ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,col\r+ ! ,edges3 ,spr9kl$ ,edges -- ,col\rs = ,spr9kl+ -- ,pla9 ,col\r+ -- ,m>bl$ ,edges -- ,spot ,m>ble -- ,comb or ,nonp>eil ,m>ble -- ,spani% ,m>ble -- ,edges -- ,siz+ ''' #fg-gg ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,gilt ,edges3 ,! ,gold ,cu%ion -- ,gold ,knife -- ,burni%]s -- ,glaire ,wat] or ,size -- ,scrap]s -- ,! ,gold ,leaf -- ,gilt on ,r$ -- ,tool$ ,edges -- ,pa9t$ ,edges ''' #gh-hc ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,head-,b&+ ''' #hc-hf ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,prep>+ = ,cov]+3 l9+ up ''' #hg-ij ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,cov]+3 ,russia -- ,calf -- ,vellum or ,p>*m5t -- ,roan -- ,clo? -- ,velvet -- ,silk & ,sat9 -- ,half-b\nd ,"w ''' #ij-ig ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,pa/+ ,d[n3 ,jo9ts -- ,calf1 ,russia1 etc4 ''' #ig-ajj ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,calf ,col\r+3 ,black -- ,br[n -- ,yell[ -- ,spr9kles -- ,m>bles -- ,tree-m>bles -- ,dabs ''' #ajj-ajh ,,"p ,,ii4 -- ,,f9i%+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,f9i%+3 ,tools & ,mat]ials requir$ = ,f9i%+ -- ,poli%+ ,irons -- ,gold-rag -- ,india-rubb] -- ,gold-cu%ion -- ,gold ,leaf -- ,sponges -- ,glaire -- ,cotton ,wool -- ,v>ni% -- ,f9i%+ -- ,morocco -- ,gold ,"w -- ,inlaid ,"w -- ,por\s -- ,full ,gilt ,back -- ,run-up -- ,mitr$ ,back -- ,press+ -- ,gra9+ -- ,f9i%+ ) ,dry ,prep>ation -- ,velvet -- ,silk -- ,vellum -- ,block+ ''' #aaa-aec ,,g5]al ,,in=mation4 ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,wa%+ & ,clean+3 ,requisites -- ,manipulation -- ,du/ -- ,wat] ,/a9s -- ,damp ,/a9s -- ,mud -- ,fox-m>ks -- ,f+]-m>ks1 commonly call$ 8,?umb-m>ks0 -- ,blood ,/a9s -- ,ink ,/a9s 7writ+7 -- ,ink ,/a9s 7,m>k+ ,ink1 ,silv]7 -- ,fat ,/a9s -- ,ink -- ,reviv+ ,old ,writ+s -- ,to ,re/ore ,writ+ effac$ by ,*lor9e -- ,to ,re/ore ,,mss4 fad$ by "t -- ,to ,pres]ve ,draw+s or ,manuscripts -- ,to fix ,draw+s or ,p5cil ,m>ks -- ,to r5d] ,pap] ,wat]pro( -- ,to r5d] ,pap] ,incombu/ible -- ,deciph]+ ,burnt ,docum5ts -- ,insects -- ,glue -- ,rice ,glue or ,pa/e -- ,pa/e -- ,photographs -- ,album5 -- ,to ,prev5t ,tools1 ,ma*9es1 etc41 f ,ru/+ -- ,to ,clean ,silv] ,m\nt+s -- ,to ,clean ,sponges ''' #aeg-agb ,,gloss>y ''' #agc ,,index ''' #aha ,,introduction4 ,bookb9d+ c>ries u back to ! "t :5 lead5 tablets ) inscrib$ hi]oglyphics 7 fa/5$ toge!r ) r+s1 :i* =m$ :at to u w\ld be ! b9d+ ( ! volumes4 ,we might g ev5 /ill fur!r back1 :5 tiles ( bak$ clay ) cunei=m *>act]s 7 incas$ "o )9 ! o!r1 s t if ! cov] ( "o 7 brok5 or o!rwise damag$ !re /ill rema9$ ano!r1 & yet ano!r cov]+2 by :i* c>e hi/ory has be5 h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,! b9d+ 9 ! =m] w\ld consi/ ( ! r+s :i* b\nd ! lead5 tablets toge!r1 & 9 ! latt]1 ! simple cov]+ =m$ ! b9d+ :i* pres]v$ ! cont5ts4 ,we mu/ pass on f ^!1 & make ano!r pause1 :5 vellum /rips 7 atta*$ toge!r 9 "o cont9u\s l5g? ) a roll] at ea* end4 ,! read] unroll$ ! "o1 & roll$ ! o!r z he p]us$ ! "w4 ,books1 priz$ ei!r = _! r>ity1 sacr$ "*1 or co/l9ess1 w\ld be kept 9 a r\nd box or case1 s t ! appe>ance ( a libr>y 9 ,anci5t ,j]usalem w\ld seem to u z if x 7 a collection ( cani/]s4 ,! next /ep 0 ! fa/5+ ( sep>ate leaves toge!r1 ?us mak+ a back1 & cov]+ ! :ole z a protection 9 a mo/ simple =m2 ! only object be+ to keep ! sev]al leaves 9 connect$ sequ5ce4 ,i believe ! mo/ anci5t =m ( books xii =m$ ( sep>ate leaves1 w be f\nd 9 ! sacr$ books ( ,ceylon :i* 7 =m$ ( palm leaves1 writt5 on ) a metal /yle1 & ! b9d+ 0 m]ely a silk5 /r+ ti$ ?r\gh "o end s loosely z to admit ( ea* leaf be+ laid d[n flat :5 turn$ ov]4 ,:5 ! mode ( pres]v+ ,,ms4 on animal membrane or vellum 9 sep>ate leaves came into use1 ! b9d+ 0 at fir/ only a simple piece ( lea!r wrapp$ r\nd ! book & ti$ ) a ?ong4 ,^! books 7 n kept on _! edges1 b 7 laid d[n flat on ! %elves1 & _h small c$> tablets hang+ f !m ^u :i* _! titles 7 inscrib$4 ,! ord9>y books = g5]al use 7 only fa/5$ /rongly at ! back1 ) wood5 bo>ds = ! sides1 & simply a piece ( lea!r up ! back4 ,9 ! six? c5tury1 bookb9d+ _h already tak5 its place z an 8,art10 = we h ! 8,byzant9e coat+s10 z !y are call$4 ,!y are ( metal1 gold1 silv] or copp] gilt1 & sometimes !y are enri*$ ) preci\s /ones4 ,! monks1 dur+ ?is c5tury1 took advantage ( ! imm5se ?ickness ( ! wood5 bo>ds & frequ5tly holl[$ !m out to secrete _! relics 9 ! cavities4 ,bookb9d+ 0 !n conf9$ entirely to ! monks :o 7 ! lit]ati ( ! p]iod4 ,!n ! art 0 neglect$ = "s c5turies1 ow+ to ! plund] & pillage t ov]ran ,europe1 & books 7 de/roy$ to get at ! jewels t 7 suppos$ to be hidd5 9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! cov]+1 s t few n[ rema9 to %[ h[ bookb9d+ 0 !n accompli%$ & to :at ext5t4 ,we mu/ n[ pass on to ! middle ages1 :5 samples ( b9d+ 7 br\ght f ! ,ea/ by ! crusad]s1 & ^! may well be priz$ by _! own]s = _! delicacy ( f9i%4 ,! monks1 :o /ill held ! ,art ( ,bookb9d+ 9 _! h&s1 improv$ ^u ^! ,ea/]n xiii specim5s4 ,ea* "o devot$ himself to a diff]5t bran*3 "o plan$ ! oak5 bo>ds to a prop] size1 ano!r /ret*$ & col\r$ ! lea!r2 & ! "w 0 ?us divid$ into bran*es1 z x is n[4 ,! task 0 "o ( great difficulty1 see+ h[ rude 7 ! implem5ts !n 9 use4 ,illu/ration3 ,mona/ic4 ,illu/ration3 ,v5etian4 ,! art ( pr9t+ gave new life to our trade1 &1 dur+ ! fifte5? c5tury bookb9d+ made great progress on acc\nt ( ! great] facility & *eapness ) :i* books 7 produc$4 ,! pr9t] 0 !n 8 own b9d]2 b z books increas$ 9 numb]1 bookb9d+ became a sep>ate art-trade ( itself4 ,?is 0 a /ep decid$ly 9 ! "r direction4 ,! art improv$ s mu*1 t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury "s ( ! f9e/ samples ( bookb9d+ 7 execut$4 ,morocco hav+ be5 introduc$1 & f9e delicate tools cut1 ! art 0 enc\rag$ by great families1 :o1 lik+ ! ,v5etian patt]ns1 _h _! books b\nd 9 t /yle4 ,! annex$ xiv woodcut w give a fair idea ( a ,v5etian tool4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod ! ,fr5* _h bookb9d+ almo/ entirely 9 _! h&s1 & ,mons4 ,groli]1 :o lov$ ! art1 _h 8 books b\nd "u 8 own sup]vision 9 ! mo/ co/ly mann]4 ,8 designs consi/$ ( bold gold l9es arrang$ geometrically ) great accuracy1 cross+ "o ano!r & int]mix$ ) small leaves or sprays4 ,^! 7 9 outl9es %ad$ or fill$ up ) closely work$ cross l9es4 ,n1 h[ev]1 satisfi$ ) ^! simple trac]ies1 he embelli%$ !m /ill m by /a9+ or pa9t+ !m black1 gre51 r$1 & ev5 ) silv]1 s t !y =m$ b&s int]lac+ ea* o!r 9 a mo/ graceful mann]4 ,opposite is a c5tre block ( ,groli]4 ,x w be se5 h[ ^! l9es entw9e1 & h[ ! small tools are %ad$ ) l9es4 ,if ! read] has _h ! good =tune to see "o ( ^! specim5s1 has he n wond]$ at ! ta/e display$8 ,to ! ,fr5* mu/ c]ta9ly be giv5 ! hon\r ( br++ ! art to su* a p]fection4 ,francis ,i4 & ! succe$+ mon>*s1 ) ! ,fr5* nobility1 xv plac$ ! art on su* a high em95ce1 t ev5 n[ we are compell$ to look to ^! great ma/]pieces z models ( /yle4 ,n only 0 ! ext]ior elaborate 9 ornam5t1 b ! edges 7 gild$ & tool$2 & ev5 pa9t$4 ,we mu/ wond] at ! excell5ce ( ! mat]ials & ! c>eful workman%ip :i* has pres]v$ ! b9d+s1 ev5 to ! col\r ( ! lea!r1 9 p]fect condition to ! pres5t day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,groli]4 ,royal folio ,illu/ration3 ,groli]4 ,!re is little d\bt t ! fir/ examples ( ! /yle n[ kn[n z 8,groli]0 7 produc$ 9 ,v5ice1 "u ! eye ( ,groli] himself1 & accord+ to 8 own designs2 & t workm5 9 ,france1 soon rivall$ & excell$ ! e>ly attempts4 ,! "w ( ,maioli may be di/9ctly trac$ by ! bold simplicity & purity ( 8 designs2 & m especially by ! broad] gold l9es :i* m>g9 ! col\r$ b&s ( geometric & arabesque ornam5tation4 ,all books1 x mu/ be und]/ood1 7 n b\nd 9 s co/ly a mann]1 = we f9d pigsk91 vellum & calf 9 xvi use4 ,! latt] 0 especially pref]r$ on acc\nt ( its peculi> s(tness1 smoo? surface1 & great aptitude = receiv+ impressions ( dumb or bl9d tool+4 ,x 0 only t[>ds ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury t ! ,engli% b9d]s began to employ delicate or f9e tool+4 ,dur+ ! sev5te5? c5tury ! names ( ,du ,sueil & ,le ,gascon 7 kn[n = ! delicacy & extreme m9ut5ess ( _! f9i%+4 ,n disda9+ ! b9d+s ( ! ,italian s*ool1 !y took f !m new ideas2 = :il/ ! ,groli] b9d+s 7 bold1 ! ,du ,sueil & ,le ,gascon m resembl$ f9e lace "w ( intricate design1 ) h>moniz+ fl[]s & o!r objects1 f :i* we may obta9 a great v>iety ( arti/ic "*4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod embroid]$ velvet 0 mu* 9 use4 ,!n a *ange took place & a /yle 0 adopt$ :i* by "s p w\ld be pref]r$ to ! gorge\s b9d+s ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,! sides 7 f9i%$ q pla9ly ) only a l9e r\nd ! edge ( ! bo>ds 7& 9 "s in/ances n ev5 t7 ) a coat ( arms or "s badge 9 ! c5tre4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! sev5te5? c5tury bookb9d+ began to improve1 p>ticul>ly ) reg>d to =w>d+4 ,! jo9ts 7 true & squ>e1 & ! back 0 made to op5 m freely4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury ! names ( ,d]ome1 ,rog] ,payne1 & o!rs are prom95t z ma/]s ( ! craft1 & ! ,h>leian /yle 0 introduc$4 ,! plate fac+ may be fairly e/imat$ z a good specim5 ( ,d]ome4 ,notice ! extreme simplicity & yet ! symmetry ( ! design2 its *>act]i/ic feature be+ ! boldness ( ! corn]s & ! gradual dim9i%+ ( ! scroll "w z x ne>s ! c5tre ( ! panel4 ,morocco & calf 7 ! lea!rs us$ = ?is b9d+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gascon4 #hvo ,t4 ,way1 ,photo-li?4 ,h& col\r$ calf 0 at ?is p]iod at its height1 & xvii ! ,cambridge calf may be nam$ z a patt]n ( "o ( ! v>i\s /yles1 & "o t is approv$ ( by _m at ! pres5t day--! calf 0 spr9kl$ all ov]1 save a squ>e panel left uncol\r$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! bo>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,h>leian4 ,illu/ration3 ,rog] ,payne4 ,! ,h>leian /yle took its "n f ,h>ley1 ,e>l ( ,ox=d4 ,x 0 r$ morocco ) a broad tool$ bord] & c5tre panels4 ,we h ! names ( v>i\s ma/]s :o pu%$ ! art =w>d to v great excell5ce dur+ ?is c5tury4 ,baumg>t5 & ,b5$ict1 two ,g]mans ( consid]able note 9 ,london2 ,mack9ly1 f ^: h\se also f9e "w 0 s5t out1 & by :om good workm5 7 educat$ ^: specim5s almo/ equal ! "w ( _! ma/]4 ,!re 7 two o!r ,g]mans1 ,kal?oeb] & ,/aggemei]1 ea* hav+ 8 own peculi> /yle4 ,kal?oeb] is cr$it$ ) hav+ fir/ introduc$ pa9t+ on ! edges4 ,?is ,i mu/ dispute1 z x 0 done 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,to him1 h[ev]1 mu/ c]ta9ly be giv5 ! cr$it ( hav+ discov]$ ! secret1 if ev] lo/1 & r5ew+ x on 8 be/ "w4 ,we mu/ n[ xviii pass on to ,rog] ,payne1 t un=tunate & err+ man b clev] workman1 :o liv$ dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,8 ta/e may be se5 f ! woodcut4 ,he g5]ally us$ small tools1 & by comb9+ !m =m$ a v>iety ( beautiful designs4 ,he cut mo/ ( ^! tools himself1 ei!r because he c\ld n f9d a tool cutt] ( suffici5t skill1 or t he f\nd x difficult to pay ! co/4 ,we are told by anecdote1 t he drank mu* & liv$ recklessly2 b not)/&+ all 8 irregul> habits1 8 "n ought to be respect$ = ! "w he execut$4 ,8 backs 7 firm1 & 8 =w>d+ excell5t2 & he introduc$ a class ( f9i%+ t 0 always 9 accordance ) ! "* or subject ( ! book4 ,8 only fault 0 ! peculi> col\r$ pap] ) :i* he made 8 end pap]s4 xix ,col\r$ or fancy calf has n[ tak5 ! place ( ! h&-col\r$4 ,col\r$ clo? has come s mu* into use1 t ?is bran* ( ! trade alone monopolizes ne>ly ?ree-f\r?s ( ! workm5 & females employ$ 9 bookb9d+4 ,_m o!r sub/itutes = lea!r h be5 introduc$1 & a numb] ( imitations ( morocco & calf are 9 ! m>ket2 ?is1 ) ! use ( ma*9]y1 has made s great a revolution 9 ! trade1 t x is n[ divid$ into two di/9ct bran*es--clo? "w & extra "w4 ,i h endeav\r$ 9 ! =ego+ rem>ks to raise ! emulation ( my fell[ craftsm5 by nam+ ! mo/ fam\s arti/s ( pa/ days2 m5 ^: works are mo/ wor?y ( /udy & imitation4 ,i h refra9$ f any notice or criticism ( ! "w ( my contempor>ies2 b ,i may v5ture to assure ! lov] ( good bookb9d+ t z good & s\nd "w1 & z c>eful f9i%1 may be obta9$ 9 a fir/-rate h\se 9 ,london z 9 any city 9 ! _w4 ,9 ! succe$+ *apt]s1 ,i w endeav\r 9 z pla9 & simple a way z ,i c to give in/ructions to ! unskill$ workman h[ to b9d a book4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,=w>d+4 #c ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,bookb9d+4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,fold+4 ,we comm5ce ) fold+4 ,x is g5]ally ! fir/ ?+ ! b9d] has to d ) a book4 ,! %eets are ei!r suppli$ by ! publi%] or pr9t] 7mo/ly ! pr9t]72 %\ld ! amateur wi% to h 8 books 9 %eets1 he may g5]ally get !m by ask+ 8 booksell] = !m4 ,x is necess>y t !y be c>efully fold$1 = unless !y are p]fectly ev51 x is impossible t ! m>g9s 7! blank space r\nd ! pr9t7 c be uni=m :5 ! book is cut4 ,:]e ! m>g9 is small1 z 9 v small pray] books1 a v great risk ( cutt+ into ! pr9t is incurr$2 besides1 x is r annoy+ to see a book :i* has ! folio or pag+ on "o leaf ne>ly at ! top1 & on ! next1 ! pr9t t\*+ ! bottom2 to rem$y su* an evil1 ! pr9t] hav+ done 8 duty by plac+ 8 m>g9s q true1 x rema9s ) ! b9d] to p]fect & br+ ! %eet into prop] =m by fold+4 ,! be/ b\nd book may be spoilt by hav+ ! %eets badly fold$1 & ! b9d] is p]fectly ju/ifi$ 9 reject+ any %eets t may be badly pr9t$1 t is1 n 9 regi/]4 #d ,! %eets are laid ^u a table ) ! signatures 7! lett]s or numb]s t are at ! foot ( ! fir/ page ( ea* %eet :5 fold$7 fac+ d[nw>ds on ! left h& side4 ,a fold+-/ick is held 9 ! "r h&1 & ! %eet is br\ght ov] f "r to left1 ! folios be+ c>efully plac$ toge!r2 if ! pap] is held up to ! light1 & is n too ?ick1 x c be easily se5 ?r\gh4 ,hold+ ! two toge!r & lay+ !m on ! table ! fold] is drawn across ! %eet1 creas+ ! c5tre2 !n1 hold+ ! %eet d[n ) ! fold] on ! l9e to be creas$1 ! top "p is br\ght ov] & d[nw>ds till ! folios or ! bottom ( ! lett]press or pr9t is aga9 ev54 ,! fold] is !n drawn across1 & s by br++ ea* folio toge!r ! %eet is complet$4 ,! process is extremely simple4 ,! octavo %eet is g5]ally fold$ into #d folds1 ?us giv+ #h leaves or #af pages2 a qu>to1 into #b1 giv+ #d leaves or #h pages1 & ! %eets prop]ly fold$1 w h _! signatures outside at ! foot ( ! fir/ page4 ,if ! signature is n on ! outside1 "o may be c]ta9 t ! %eet has be5 wrongly fold$4 ,i say g5]ally2 at "o "t ! wat] or wire m>k on ! pap] & ! numb] ( folds gave ! size ( ! book4 ,!re are num]\s o!r sizes1 b x is n necess>y to give !m all2 ! process ( fold+ is 9 ne>ly all cases ! same2 "h are h[ev]1 a few ( ! sizes giv5 9 in*es4 ,foolscap #hvo4 #f-e_/h #d-a_/h ,demy #abmo4 #g-c_/h #d-c_/h ,cr[n #hvo4 #g-a_/b #e ,po/ #hvo4 #h #e ,demy #hvo4 #i #e-a_/b ,m$ium #hvo4 #i-e_/h #e-c_/d ,small ,royal #hvo4 #aj #f-a_/d ,l>ge ,royal #hvo4 #aj-a_/b #f-c_/d #e ,imp]ial #hvo4 #aa #g-a_/b ,demy #dto4 #aa #i ,m$ium #dto4 #aa-c_/d #i-e_/h ,royal #dto4 #ab-a_/b #aj ,imp]ial #dto4 #ae #aa ,cr[n ,folio4 #ae #aj ,demy ,folio #ah #aa ,z a f9al caution1 ! fir/ & la/ %eets mu/ be c>efully exam9$2 v (t5 ! %eet has to be cut up or divid$1 & ! leaf or leaves plac$ 9 v>i\s positions 9 ! book4 ,x is also advisable to cut ! head ( ! %eets1 us+ ! fold+-/ick1 cutt+ j beyond ! back or middle fold2 ?is prev5ts ! %eet runn+ into a side crease :5 press+ or roll+4 ,%\ld su* a crease occur ! leaf or %eet mu/ be damp$ by plac+ x betwe5 wet pap] & subject+ x to pressure2 no o!r me?od is likely to erase ! break4 ,refold+4--,) reg>d to books t h be5 issu$ 9 numb]s1 !y mu/ be pull$ to pieces or divid$4 ,! p>ts be+ arrang$ 9 consecutive ord]1 s t n s mu* difficulty w be felt 9 collat+ ! %eets1 ! outside wrapp] is torn away1 & ea* %eet pull$ s+ly f its neighb\r1 c>e be+ tak5 to see if any ?read us$ 9 sew+ is 9 ! c5tre ( ! %eet at ! back2 if s1 x mu/ be cut ) a knife or x w te> ! pap]4 ,z ! %eets are pull$ !y mu/ be laid on ! left h& side1 ea* %eet be+ plac$ face d[nw>ds2 %\ld !y be plac$ face upw>ds ! fir/ %eet w be ! la/ & ! :ole w require re>rang+4 ,all adv]tisem5ts may be plac$ away f ! %eets into a pile2 ^! w be f\nd v h&y = l9+ bo>ds1 pa/+ on1 or z wa/e4 ,! title & cont5ts w g5]ally be f\nd 9 ! la/ "p2 place !m 9 _! prop] places4 ,! %eets mu/ n[ be refold$1 if improp]ly fold$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 #f ,turn ! :ole pile 7or book n[7 ov]1 & aga9 g ?r\gh ea* %eet2 alt] by refold+ any %eet t may require x4 ,v (t5 ! %eets are already cut1 & 9 ?is case ! section mu/ be dissect$ & ea* leaf refold$ & re9s]t$ 9 prop] sequ5ce1 & plac$ c>efully head-l9e to head-l9e4 ,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$1 z ! previ\s creas+s r5d] ! pap] liable to be torn 9 ! process4 ,illu/ration3 ,knock+-d[n ,iron screw$ into ,press4 ,books t h be5 b\nd & cut w\ld be r5d]$ (t5 worse by refold+1 & z a g5]al rule !y are left alone4 ,b\nd books are pull$ to pieces 9 ! same mann]1 always tak+ c>e t ! ?read is cut or loose be=e te>+ ! %eet away2 %\ld tr\ble arise ?r\gh ! glue1 etc41 n com+ away easily1 ! back may be damp$ ) a sponge lightly *>g$ ) wat]1 or p]haps a bett] me?od is to place ! book or books 9 a press1 screw up tightly1 & soak ! backs ) ?9 pa/e1 leav+ !m soak+ = an h\r or two2 !y w want repa/+ two or ?ree times dur+ ! p]iod2 ! :ole ( ! pap]1 glue1 & lea!r c !n be easily scrap$ away ) a blunt knife2 a h&ful ( %av+s rubb$ ov] ! back w make x q clean1 & no difficulty w be met ) if ! sections are tak5 ap>t :ile damp4 ,! sections mu/1 z pull$1 be plac$ ev5ly "o on #g ! o!r1 z ! pap] at back reta9s suffici5t glue to cause !m to /ick toge!r if laid across "o ano!r2 ! :ole mu/ !n be left to dry4 ,:5 dry ! groove %\ld be knock$ d[n on a flat surface1 & = ?is ! knock+-d[n iron screw$ up 9 ! ly+ press is p]haps ! be/ ?+ to use4 ,! groove is ! project+ "p ( ! book close to ! back1 caus$ by ! back+1 & is ! groove = ! back edge ( ! mill-bo>d to "w 9 by a h+e2 ?is h+e is te*nically call$ ! 8jo9t40 ,illu/ration3 ,m>t9i's ,fold+ ,ma*9e4 ,ma*9es4--,!re are _m fold+ ma*9es made by ! v>i\s ma*9i/s2 ! work+ ( !m1 h[ev]1 is 9 ne>ly all cases id5tical4 ,! ma*9e is g5]ally #h f$ by a girl1 :o places ! %eet to po9ts1 ! arm lift+ up at giv5 p]iods to all[ plac+ ! %eet4 ,ano!r arm c>ry+ a long ?9 blade desc5ds1 tak+ ! %eet ?r\gh a slot 9 ! table1 :]e x is pass$ betwe5 roll]s2 ano!r set ( roll]s at "r angles creases x aga94 ,! roll]s are arrang$ = two1 ?ree1 or m creas+s or folds4 ,! %eets are deliv]$ at ! side into a box1 f :i* !y are tak5 f "t to "t4 ,! cut is "o ( ,m>t9i's1 & is probably ! mo/ advanc$4 ,ga!r+4--,a ga!r+ ma*9e has be5 pat5t$ :i* is ( a simple b +5i\s contrivance = ! quick ga!r+ ( %eets4 ,! usual way to ga!r1 is by lay+ piles ( %eets ^u a long table1 & = ! ga!r] to take f ea* pile a %eet 9 succession4 ,by ! new me?od a r\nd table is made to revolve by ma*9]y1 & ^u x are plac$ ! piles ( %eets4 ,z ! table revolves ! ga!r] takes a %eet f ea* pile z x passes him4 ,x w at once be se5 t n only is space sav$1 b t a numb] ( ga!r]s may be plac$ at ! table2 & t !re is no possibility ( ! ga!r]s %irk+ _! "w1 z ! ma*9e is made to regi/] ! revolutions4 ,by comp>+ ! numb] ( %eets ) ! revolutions ( ! table1 ! am\nt ( "w done c be *eck$4 ,illu/ration #i ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,beat+ ,,& ,,roll+4 ,! object ( beat+ or roll+ is to make ! book z solid z possible4 ,= beat+1 a /one or iron slab1 us$ z a b$1 & a heavy hamm]1 are necess>y4 ,! /one or iron mu/ be p]fectly smoo?1 & %\ld be b$d$ ) great solidity4 ,i h 9 use an iron b$ ab\t two feet squ>e1 fitt$ into a /rongly-made box1 fill$ ) s&1 ) a wood5 cov] to ! iron :5 n 9 use4 ,! hamm] %\ld be some:at bell-%ap$1 & weigh ab\t t5 p\nds1 ) a %ort h&le1 made to fit ! h&4 ,! face ( ! hamm] & /one 7x is call$ a beat+-/one :e!r x be /one or iron71 mu/ be kept p]fectly clean1 & x is advisable always to h a piece ( pap] at ! top & bottom ( ! sections :5 beat+1 or ! repeat$ concussion w glaze !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,beat+ ,hamm]4 ,! book %\ld be divid$ into lots or sections ( ab\t half an in* ?ick1 t w be ab\t fifte5 to tw5ty %eets1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( pap]4 ,a section is n[ to be held on ! /one betwe5 ! f+]s & ?umb ( ! left h&2 !n ! hamm]1 grasp$ firmly 9 ! "r h&1 is rais$1 & br\ght d[n ) r m ?an its own weight on ! %eets1 :i* mu/ be cont9ually mov$ r\nd1 turn$ ov] & *ang$ ab\t1 9 ord] t !y may be equally beat5 all ov]4 #aj ,by pass+ ! section betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb1 x c be felt at once1 if x has be5 beat5 prop]ly & ev5ly4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 t 9 ea* bl[ ( ! hamm] x %all h ! face fairly on ! body ( ! section1 = if ! hamm] is s us$ t ! greate/ portion ( ! weight %\ld fall outside ! edge ( ! %eets ! concussion w break away ! pap] z if cut ) a knife4 ,x is p]haps bett] = a beg9n] to practise on "s wa/e pap] be=e attempt+ to beat a book2 & he %\ld always re/ :5 ! wri/ becomes tir$4 ,:5 ea* section has be5 beat51 suppos+ a book has be5 divid$ into f\r sections1 ! :ole f\r %\ld be beat5 aga91 b toge!r4 ,i d n pr(ess a pref]5ce to beat+ ov] roll+ because ,i h plac$ x fir/4 ,! roll+ ma*9e is "o ( ! greate/ improvem5ts 9 ! trade1 b all books %\ld n be roll$1 & a bookb9d]1 ,i mean a practical bookb9d]1 n "o :o has be5 ne>ly ! :ole ( 8 lifetime ^u a cutt+ ma*9e1 or at a block+ press1 & :o calls himself "o1 b a compet5t bookb9d]1 %\ld "k h[ & :5 to use ! beat+ hamm] & :5 ! roll+ ma*9e4 ,!re are "s books1 old ones = in/ance1 t %\ld on no acc\nt be roll$4 ,! clumsy presses us$ 9 pr9t+ at an e>ly date gave su* an am\nt ( pressure on ! type t ! pap] r\nd _! m>g9s has sometimes two or ?ree times ! ?ickness ( ! pr9t$ portion4 ,at ! pres5t "t ea* %eet aft] hav+ be5 pr9t$ is press$1 & ?us ! leaf is made flat or ne>ly s1 & = su* "w ! roll+ ma*9e is c]ta9ly bett] ?an ! hamm]4 ,to roll a book1 x is divid$ into sections z 9 beat+1 only n s _m %eets are tak5--f six upw>ds1 accord+ to ! quality ( ! "w to be execut$4 ,! %eets are !n plac$ betwe5 t9s1 & ! :ole pass$ #aa betwe5 ! roll]s1 :i* are regulat$ by a screw1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( sections & p[] requir$4 ,! workman1 te*nically call$ 8,roll]10 has to be v c>eful 9 pass+ 8 books ?r\gh1 t 8 h& be n drawn 9 z well1 = accid5ts h f "t to "t occurr$ ?r\gh ! inatt5tion ( ! ,roll] himself1 or ( ! individual :o has ! pleasure ( apply+ 8 /r5g? to turn+ ! h&le4 ,illu/ration3 ,roll+ ,ma*9e4 ,i nev] pass or he> a roll+ ma*9e revolv+ v rapidly )\t hav+ vividly br\ght to my m9d a v s]i\s accid5t t happ5$ to my fa!r4 ,he 0 feel+ = a flaw on "o ( ! roll]s1 & :il/ 8 h&s #ab 7 at ! edge ( ! roll]s ! man turn$ ! h&le1 draw+ ! :ole h& betwe5 ! heavy cyl9d]s4 ,! accid5t co/ him _m mon?s 9 ! hospital1 & he nev] rega9$ complete use ( 8 "r h&4 ,great c>e mu/ be us$ n to pass too _m %eets ?r\gh ! ma*9e at "o "t2 ! same applies to ! regulat+ screw4 ,! am\nt ( damage t c be done to ! pap] by too heavy a pressure is a/oni%+1 z ! pap] becomes q brittle1 & may p]haps ev5 be cut z ) a knife4 ,ano!r caution respect+ new "w4 ,rec5tly pr9t$ books1 if submitt$ to heavy pressure1 ei!r by ! beat+ hamm] or ma*9e1 are v likely to 8set (f10 t is1 ! ink f "o side ( ! page w be impr9t$ to its opposite neighb\r2 inde$1 "u v heavy pressure1 "s ink1 p]haps _m ye>s old1 w 8set (f20 ?is is due 9 a great measure to ! ink n be+ prop]ly prep>$4 ,ma*9es4--,( ! _m roll+ ma*9es 9 ! m>ket ! pr9ciple is 9 all ! same4 ,a p[]ful frame1 c>ry+ two heavy roll]s or cyl9d]s1 :i* are set 9 motion1 revolv+ 9 ! same direction1 by means ( /eam or by h&4 ,9 _m1 extra p[] is suppli$ by ! use ( extra cog-:eels2 ! p[] is1 h[ev]1 ga9$ at an exp5se ( spe$4 ,! pressure is regulat$ by screws at ! top4 ,illu/ration #ac ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,collat+4 ,to collate1 is to ensure t ea* %eet or leaf is 9 its prop] sequ5ce4 ,putt+ ! %eets toge!r & plac+ plates or maps requires great att5tion4 ,! %eets mu/ run 9 prop] ord] by ! signatures3 lett]s are mo/ly us$1 b numb]s are sometimes sub/itut$4 ,:5 lett]s are us$1 ! alphabet is repeat$ z (t5 z necess>y1 d\bl+ ! lett] z (t5 z a new alphabet is us$1 z ,b1 ,c1 ) ! fir/ alphabet1#a & ,,aa1 ,,bb1 ,,cc or ,aa1 ,bb1 ,cc1 ) ! second repetition1 & ?ree lett]s ) ! ?ird1 g5]ally leav+ out ,j1 ,v1 ,w4 ,plates mu/ be trimm$ or cut to ! prop] size be=e be+ plac$ 9 ! book1 & maps t are to be fold$ mu/ be put on gu>ds4 ,by m\nt+ a map on a gu>d ! size ( ! page1 x may be kept op5 on ! table beside ! book1 :i* may be op5$ at any "p )\t conceal+ ! map3 by ?is me?od ! map w rema9 conv5i5t = con/ant ref]5ce4 ,?is is te*nically call$ 8?r[+ out0 a map4 #a ,! text ( a book always comm5ces ) ,b1 ! title & prelim9>y matt] be+ reckon$ z ,a4 ,to collate a book1 x is to be held 9 ! "r h&1 at ! "r top corn]1 !n1 ) a turn ( ! wri/1 ! back mu/ be br\ght to ! front4 ,fan ! sections out1 !n ) ! left h& ! %eets mu/ be br\ght back to an angle1 :i* w cause !m :5 releas$ to spr+ =w>d1 s t ! lett] on ! "r bottom #ad corn] ( ea* %eet is se51 & !n releas$1 & ! next br\ght into view4 ,:5 a "w is complet$ 9 m ?an "o volume1 ! numb] ( ! volume is indicat$ at ! left h& bottom corn] ( ea* %eet4 ,i ne$ h>dly m5tion t ! title %\ld come fir/1 !n ! d$ication 7if "o71 preface1 cont5ts1 !n ! text1 & f9ally ! index4 ,! numb] on ! pages w1 h[ev]1 always direct ! b9d] z to ! plac+ ( ! %eets4 ,! book %\ld always be beat5 or roll$ be=e plac+ plates or maps1 especially col\r$ ones4 ,illu/ration ,presum+ t we h a book ) half a doz5 plates1 ! fir/ ?+ aft] asc]ta9+ t ! lett]-press is p]fect1 is to see t all ! plates are !re1 by look+ to ! 8,li/ ( ,plates10 pr9t$ g5]ally aft] ! cont5ts4 ,! plates %\ld !n be squ>$ or cut truly1 us+ a %>p knife & /raight edge4 ,:5 ! plates are pr9t$ on pap] l>g] ?an ! book1 !y mu/ be cut d[n to ! prop] size1 leav+ a some:at less m>g9 at ! back ?an !re w be at ! =$ge :5 ! book is cut4 ,"s plates h to face to ! left1 #ae "s to ! "r1 ! frontispiece = in/ance2 b z a g5]al rule1 plates %\ld be plac$ on ! "r h&1 s t on op5+ ! book !y all face upw>ds4 ,:5 plates consi/ ( subjects t are at a "r angle ) ! text1 su* z views & l&scapes1 ! inscription %\ld always be plac$ to ! "r h&1 :e!r ! plate face to ! "r or to ! left page4 ,if ! plates are on ?ick pap] !y %\ld be gu>d$1 ei!r by add+ a piece ( pap] ( ! same ?ickness or by cutt+ a piece f ! plate & !n jo9+ ! two aga9 toge!r ) a piece ( l951 s t ! plate moves on ! l95 h+e3 ! space betwe5 ! gu>d & plate %\ld be m ?an equal to ! ?ickness ( ! pap]4 ,if ! plate is almo/ a c>dbo>d1 x is bett] & /rong] if l95 be plac$ bo? back & front4 ,%\ld ! book consi/ ( plates only1 sections may be made by plac+ two plates & two gu>ds toge!r1 & sew+ ?r\gh ! c5tre betwe5 ! gu>ds1 leav+ ( c\rse a space betwe5 ! two gu>ds1 :i* w =m ! back4 ,) reg>d to maps t h to be m\nt$1 x is bett] to m\nt !m on ! f9e/ l951 z x takes up ! lea/ room 9 ! ?ickness ( ! book4 ,! l95 %\ld be cut a little l>g] ?an ! map itself1 ) a fur!r piece left1 on :i* to m\nt ! extra piece ( pap]1 s t ! map may be ?r[n out z be=e describ$4 ,! map %\ld fir/ be trimm$ at its back1 !n pa/$ ) r ?9 pa/e2 ! l95 %\ld !n be laid c>efully on1 & g5tly rubb$ d[n & turn$ ov]1 s t ! map comes upp]mo/2 ! pa/$ gu>d %\ld !n be plac$ a little away f ! map1 & ! :ole well rubb$ d[n1 & f9ally laid out flat to dry4 ,to d ?is "w1 ! pa/e mu/ be clean1 free f all lumps1 & us$ v ev5ly & n too ?ickly1 or :5 dry e m>k ( ! bru% w be visible4 ,:5 ! map is dry x %\ld be trimm$ all r\nd & fold$ to its prop] #af size1 viz4--a trifle small] ?an ! book w be :5 cut4 ,if x is left l>g] ! folds w naturally be cut away1 & ! only rem$y w be a new map1 :i* means a new copy ( ! "w4 ,= all fold$ maps or plates a correspond+ ?ickness mu/ be plac$ 9 ! backs :]e ! maps g1 or ! =$ge w be ?ick] ?an ! back4 ,pieces ( pap] call$ gu>ds1 are fold$ f #a_/d in* to #a in* 9 wid?1 accord+ to ! size ( ! book1 & plac$ 9 ! back1 & sewn ?r\gh z a section4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 t ^! gu>ds are n fold$ too l>ge1 s z to ov]lap ! folds ( ! map1 if !y d s1 ! object ( _! be+ plac$ !re to make ! ?ickness ( ! back & =$ge equal w be defeat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,%ew+ ,book ) ,map ?r[n out4 ,9 a great measure1 ! :ole beauty ( ! inside "w re/s 9 prop]ly collat+ ! book1 9 gu>d+ maps1 & 9 plac+ ! plates4 ,:5 pa/+ 9 any s+le leaves or plates1 a piece ( wa/e pap] %\ld always be plac$ on ! leaf or plate ! requir$ di/ance f ! edge to be pa/$1 s t ! leaf is pa/$ /raight4 ,x takes no long] to lay ! plate d[n ^u ! edge ( a bo>d ) a pap] on ! plate1 ?an x does to hold ! plate 9 ! left h&1 & apply ! pa/e ) ! "r h& middle f+]2 by ! =m] me?od a prop] am\nt ( pa/e is deposit$ ev5ly on ! plate & x is pa/$ 9 a /raight l9e2 by ! latt] me?od1 x is pa/$ 9 "s #ag places ?ickly1 & 9 "s places none at all4 ,i h (t5 se5 books ) ! plates fa/5$ to ! book ne>ly half way up to its =$ge1 & ?us spoilt1 only ?r\gh ! slov5ly way ( pa/+4 ,aft] hav+ plac$ ! plates1 ! collat] %\ld g ?r\gh !m aga9 :5 dry1 to see if !y adh]e prop]ly1 & break or fold !m ov] up to ! pa/+1 ) a fold+ /ick1 s t !y w lie flat :5 ! book is op54 ,i mu/ aga9 call att5tion to col\r$ plates4 ,!y %\ld be look$ to dur+ ! :ole ( b9d+1 especially aft] press+4 ,! am\nt ( gum t is put on ! surface1 :i* is v easily se5 by ! gloss1 causes !m to /ick to ! lett]-press3 %\ld !y s /ick1 d n try to te> !m ap>t1 b w>m a poli%+ iron & pass x ov] ! plate & lett]-press1 plac+ a piece ( pap] betwe5 ! iron & ! book to avoid dirt4 ,! heat & moi/ure w s(t5 ! gum1 & ! surfaces c !n be v easily sep>at$4 ,by rubb+ a little p[d]$ ,fr5* *alk ov] ! col\r$ plates be=e /ick+ !m 91 ^! ill effects w be avoid$4 ,x sometimes happ5s t ! :ole ( a book is compos$ ( s+le leaves1 z ! 8,art ,j\rnal40 ,su* a book %\ld be collat$ prop]ly1 & ! plates plac$ to _! respective places1 squ>$ & brok5 ov]1 by plac+ a /raight edge or runn] ab\t half an in* f its back edge1 & runn+ a fold] "u ! plate1 ?us lift+ x to ! edge ( ! runn]4 ,! :ole book %\ld !n be press$ = a few h\rs1 tak5 out1 & ! back glu$ up2 ! back hav+ be5 previ\sly r\gh$ ) ! side edge ( ! saw4 ,to glue su* a back1 ! book is plac$ 9 ! ly+ press betwe5 bo>ds1 ) ! back project+ ab\t an eigh? ( an in*1 ! saw is !n drawn ov] x1 ) its side edge1 s t ! pap] is z x 7 rasp$4 ,! back is !n sawn 9 prop]ly1 z expla9$ 9 ! next *apt]1 & ! :ole back is glu$4 ,:5 dry1 ! #ah book is sep>at$ into divisions or sections ( f\r1 six1 or eight leaves1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! pap]1 & ea* section is !n ov]ca/ or ov] sewn along its :ole l5g?1 ! ?read be+ fa/5$ at ! head & tail 7or top & bottom72 ?us ea* section is made indep5d5t ( its neighb\r4 ,! sections %\ld !n be g5tly /ruck along ! back edge ) a hamm] aga9/ a knock+-d[n iron1 s z to imb$ ! ?read into ! pap]1 or ! back w be too ?ick4 ,! ?read %\ld n be /ruck s h>d z to cut ! pap]1 or break ! ?read1 b v g5tly4 ,two or ?ree sections may be tak5 at a "t4 ,aft] hav+ plac$ ! plates1 ! book %\ld be put into ! press 7/&+ or o!rwise7 = a few h\rs4 ,a /&+ press is us$ 9 all good bookb9d+ %ops4 ,! ,p>is h\ses h a curi\s way ( press+ _! books4 ,! books are plac$ 9 ! /&+ press2 ! top & bottom bo>ds are v ?ick1 hav+ a groove cut 9 !m 9 :i* a /rong ?9 rope is plac$4 ,! press is screw$ d[n tightly1 :51 aft] "s few m9utes has elaps$1 ! cord or rope is drawn toge!r & fa/5$4 ,! pressure ( ! screw is releas$1 ! :ole tak5 out en bloc1 & all[$ to rema9 = "s h\rs1 dur+ :i* "t a numb] ( o!r bat*es are pass$ ?r\gh ! same press4 ,:5 tak5 out ( ! press ! book is ready = 8m>k+ up0 if = flexible sew+1 or = be+ sawn 9 if = ord9>y "w4 ,int]leav+4--,x is sometimes requir$ to place a piece ( writ+ pap] betwe5 ea* leaf ( lett]-press1 ei!r = notes or = a translation3 9 su* a case1 ! book mu/ be prop]ly beat5 or roll$1 & ea* leaf cut up ) a h&-knife1 bo? head & =$ge2 ! writ+ pap] hav+ be5 *os51 mu/ be fold$ to ! size ( ! book & press$4 ,a s+le leaf ( writ+ pap] is n[ to be fa/5$ 9 ! c5tre ( ea* section1 & a fold$ leaf #ai plac$ to e fold$ lett]-press leaf1 by ins]t+ ! "o )9 ! o!r1 a fold$ writ+ pap] be+ left outside e o!r section1 & all be+ put level ) ! head2 ! :ole book %\ld !n be well press$4 ,if by any *ance !re %\ld be "o %eet 9 duplicate & ano!r miss+1 by return+ ! "o to ! publi%] ( ! book ! miss+ %eet is g5]ally replac$2 ?is1 ( c\rse1 has ref]5ce only to books ( a rec5t date4 ,illu/ration3 ,boom] ,press4 ,!re is a new press ( ,am]ican inv5tion t has come "u my notice4 ,x w be se5 t x acts on an entirely new pr9ciple1 hav+ two horizontal screws in/ead ( "o p]p5dicul>4 ,! p[] is fir/ appli$ by h& & f9ally by a lev] & rat*et-:eel 9 ! c5tre4 ,a pressure guage is affix$ to ea* press1 s t ! actual p[] ex]t$ may be asc]ta9$ z ! op]ation proce$s4 ,! press c be _h f ,messrs4 ,ladd & ,co41 #aaf1 ,que5 ,victoria ,/reet1 ,e4,c42 & !y claim t x gives a pressure equal to ! hydraulic press1 )\t any ( ! hydraulic complications4 ,illu/ration #bj ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,m>k+ ,,up ,,& ,,saw+ ,,94 ,! books hav+ be5 9 ! press a suffici5t "t1 say = a night1 !y are tak5 out1 & run ?r\gh aga9 7collat$7 to make sure t !y are all correct4 ,a book is !n tak5 & knock$ /raight bo? head & back & put 9 ! ly+ press betwe5 bo>ds1 project+ f !m ab\t #a_/h in*2 "s b9d]s pref] cutt+ bo>ds1 ,i pref] press+ bo>ds1 & ,i %\ld advise ! use ( !m1 z ! :ole c be knock$ up toge!r4 ,!y %\ld be held betwe5 ! f+]s ( ea* h&1 & ! back & head knock$ alt]nately on ! *eek ( ! press4 ,! bo>ds are !n drawn back ! requir$ di/ance f ! back ( ! book3 ! book & bo>ds mu/ n[ be held tightly ) ! left h&1 & ! :ole c>efully l[]$ into ! press2 ! "r h& regulat+ ! screws1 :i* %\ld !n be screw$ up tightly4 ,! book is n[ q /raight1 & firmly fix$ 9 ! press1 & we h to decide if x is to be sewn flexibly or n4 ,if = flexible b9d+ ! book is n to be sawn 91 b m>k$2 ! diff]5ce be+1 t ) ! latt] ! cord is outside ! %eets2 ) ! =m] ! cord is imb$d$ 9 ! back1 9 ! cut or groove made by ! saw4 ,we w take ! flexible fir/1 & suppose t ! book be=e u is an ord9>y #hvo4 volume1 & t x is to be cut all r\nd4 ,! back %\ld be divid$ into six equal portions1 leav+ ! bottom1 or tail1 half an in* long] ?an ! re/1 simply because ( a curi\s optical illusion1 by :i*1 #ba if ! spaces 7 all equal 9 wid?1 ! bottom "o w\ld appe> to be ! smalle/1 al?\gh accurately ( ! same wid? z ! re/4 ,?is curi\s effect may be te/$ on any fram$ or m\nt$ pr9t4 ,a squ>e is n[ to be laid ^u ! back exactly to ! m>ks1 & m>k$ pretty black ) a lead p5cil2 ! head & tail mu/ n[ be sawn 9 to imb$ ! *a9 ( ! kettle /it*1 at a di/ance suffici5t to prev5t ! ?read be+ divid$ by accid5t 9 cutt+4 ,9 flexible "w great accuracy is absolutely necess>y ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! "w1 especially 9 ! m>k+ up1 z ! =m ( ! b&s w be visible :5 cov]$4 ,x w be easily se5 if ! book has be5 knock$ up /raight by lay+ ! squ>e at ! head :5 ! book is 9 ! press1 & if x is n /raight1 x mu/ be tak5 out & correct$4 ,if ! book is v small1 z = in/ance a small pray] book1 x is usually m>k$ up = five b&s1 b only sew$ on ?ree2 ! o!r two be+ fa/5$ on z false b&s :5 ! book is ready = cov]+4 ,!re w\ld be no ga9 9 /r5g? by sew+ a small book on five b&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,a4 ,saw m>ks = cat*-up /it*4 ,:5 ! book is to be 8sawn 910 x is m>k$ up z = flexible "w1 b ! back is sawn1 bo? = ! b&s & kettle /it*1 ) a t5non saw4 ,9 *oos+ ! saw1 x %\ld be "o ) ! tee? n spread out too mu*2 & x is advisable to h two ( diff]5t wid?s4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! saw does n ent] too deeply1 & "o #bb mu/1 9 all cases1 be guid$ 9 ! dep? by ! ?ickness ( ! cord to be us$4 ,! size ( ! book %\ld det]m9e ! ?ickness ( ! cord1 z ! l>g] ! book1 ! /rong] & ?ick] mu/ be ! cord4 ,suitable cord is to be pur*as$ at all ! bookb9d]'s mat]ial %ops1 & x is kn[n by ! size ( ! book1 su* z #abmo41 #hvo41 #dto4 cord4 ,illu/ration3 ,saw+-9 ,ma*9e4 ,i ?9k no?+ looks worse ?an a book ) great holes 9 ! back1 sometimes to be se5 :5 ! book is op5$1 :i* are due to ! inatt5tion ( ! workm54 ,besides1 x causes great inconv5i5ce to ! =w>d] if ! cords are loose1 & ! only ?+ he c d 9 su* a case is to cram a lot ( glue into ! grooves to keep ! cord 9 its place4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! saw cuts are #bc n deep en\gh1 ! cord w /& out f ! back1 & be di/9ctly se5 :5 ! book is f9i%$1 if n rem$i$ by extra /rips ( lea!r or pap] betwe5 ! b&s :5 l9+ up4 ,x is bett] to use d\ble ?9 cord in/ead ( "o ?ick "o = l>ge books1 because ! two cords w lie & imb$ !mselves 9 ! back1 :]eas "o l>ge "o w n1 unless v deep & wide saw cuts be made4 ,l>ge folios %\ld be sawn on six or sev5 b&s1 b five = an #hvo4 is ! "r numb]1 f :i* all o!r sizes c be regulat$4 ,saw b5*es h be5 introduc$ by v>i\s firms4 ,!y c be driv5 ei!r by /eam or foot4 ,x w be se5 t ! saws are circul>1 & c be %ift$ on ! sp9dle to suit ! v>i\s siz$ books4 ,z ! books !mselves are slid along ! table on ! saws1 ! advantage is v great 9 a l>ge %op :]e mu* "w ( "o size is done at a "t4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,sew+4 ,flexible ,"w4--,! 8sew+ press0 consi/s ( a b$1 two screws1 & a beam or cross b>1 r\nd :i* are fa/5$ five or m cords1 call$ lay cords4 ,five pieces ( cord cut f ! ball1 9 l5g?1 ab\t f\r times ! ?ickness ( ! book1 are fa/5$ to ! lay cords by slip knots2 ! o!r ends be+ fa/5$ to small pieces ( metal call$ keys1 by twi/+ ! ends r\nd twice & !n a half hit*4 ,! keys are !n pass$ ?r\gh ! slot 9 ! b$ ( ! 8press10 & ! beam screw$ up r tightly2 b loose en\gh to all[ ! lay cords to move freely #bd backw>ds or =w>ds4 ,hav+ ! book on ! b$ ( ! press ) ! back t[>ds ! sew]1 a few %eets 7bett] ?an only "o7 are laid aga9/ ! cords1 & !y are arrang$ exactly to ! m>ks made on ! back ( ! sections4 ,:5 q true & p]p5dicul>1 !y %\ld be made tight by screw+ ! beam up4 ,x w be bett] if ! cords are a little to ! "r ( ! press1 s t ! sew] may get h] or 8 left arm to re/ bett] on ! press4 ,illu/ration3 ,sew+ ,press4 ,if :5 ! press is tight5$ "o ( ! cords is loose1 z w sometimes happ51 a p5cil1 fold+-/ick or o!r object slipp$ "u ! lay cord on ! top ( ! beam w tight5 ! b& suffici5tly4 ,! =eign sew+ presses h screws ) a hook at ! end to hold ! b&s1 ! screws runn+ 9 a slot 9 ! beam3 9 practice !y are v conv5i5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,ord9>y sew+4 #b %eets on #b b&s4 ,ord9>y sew+4 #b %eets on #c b&s4 ,ord9>y sew+4 #b %eets on #e b&s4 ,! ?ick l9es %ew+ ! direction ( ! ?read4 ,! fir/ & la/ sections are ov]ca/ usually ) cotton or v f9e ?read4 ,! fir/ %eet is n[ to be laid aga9/ ! b&s1 & ! ne$le introduc$ ?r\gh ! kettle /it* hole on ! "r ( ! book1 :i* is ! #be head4 ,! left h& be+ )9 ! c5tre ( ! %eet1 ! ne$le is tak5 ) x1 & ?ru/ out on ! left ( ! m>k made = ! fir/ b&2 ! ne$le be+ tak5 ) ! "r h&1 is aga9 introduc$ on ! "r ( ! same b&1 ?us mak+ a complete circle r\nd x4 ,?is is repeat$ ) ea* b& 9 succession1 & ! ne$le br\ght out ( ! kettle /it* hole on ! left or tail ( ! %eet4 ,a new %eet is n[ plac$ on ! top1 & treat$ 9 a simil> way1 by introduc+ ! ne$le at ! left end or tail2 & :5 tak5 out at ! "r end or top1 ! ?read mu/ be fa/5$ by a knot to ! end1 hang+ f ! fir/ %eet1 :i* is left long en\gh = ! purpose4 ,a ?ird %eet hav+ be5 sewn 9 l mann]1#b ! ne$le mu/ be br\ght out at ! kettle /it*1 ?ru/ betwe5 ! two %eets fir/ sewn1 & drawn r\nd ! ?read1 ?us fa/5+ ea* %eet to its neighb\r by a k9d ( *a9 /it*4 ,i believe ! t]m 8kettle /it*0 is only a corruption ( 8cat*-up /it*10 z x cat*es ea* section z sewn 9 succession4 ,?is class ( "w mu/ be done v neatly & ev5ly1 b x is easily done ) a little practice & pati5ce4 ,?is is ! /ronge/ sew+ execut$ at ! pres5t day1 b x is v seldom done1 z x takes ?ree or f\r times z long z ! ord9>y sew+4 ,! ?read mu/ be drawn tightly ea* "t x is pass$ r\nd ! b&1 & at ! end prop]ly fa/5$ (f at ! kettle /it*1 or ! sections w "w loose 9 c\rse ( "t4 ,old books 7 always sewn 9 ?is mann]1 & :5 two or d\ble b&s 7 us$1 ! ?read 0 twi/$ twice r\nd "o on sew+ "o section1 & twice r\nd ! o!r on sew+ ! next1 or once r\nd ea* cord4 ,9 "s cases ev5 ! 8head-b&0 0 work$ at #bg ! same "t1 by fa/5+ o!r pieces ( lea!r = ! head & tail1 & mak+ x ! cat*-up /it* z well4 ,:5 ! head-b& 0 work$ 9 sew+1 ! book 01 ( c\rse1 n aft]w>ds cut at ! edges4 ,:5 ?is 0 done1 wood5 bo>ds 7 us$ in/ead ( mill bo>ds1 & twi/$ lea!r in/ead ( cord1 & :5 ! book 0 cov]$1 a groove 0 made betwe5 ea* d\ble b&4 ,?is way is /ill imitat$ by /ick+ a second b& or cord alongside ! "o made 9 sew+1 be=e ! book is cov]$4 ,! cord = flexible "w is call$ a 8flexible cord10 & is twi/$ tight] & is /rong] ?an any o!r4 ,9 all k9ds ( sew+ ,i advise ! use ( ,hayes' ,royal ,iri% ?read1 n because !re is no o!r ( good manufacture1 b because ,i h tri$ sev]al k9ds1 & ,hayes' has prov$ to be ! be/4 ,! ?ickness ( ! cord mu/ always be 9 proportion to ! size & ?ickness ( ! book1 & ! ?ickness ( ! ?read mu/ dep5d on ! %eets1 :e!r !y be half %eets or :ole %eets4 ,if too ?ick a ?read is us$1 ! swell+ 7! ris+ caus$ 9 ! back by ! ?read7 w be too mu*1 & x w be impossible to make a prop] r\nd+ or get a "r size 8groove0 9 back+4 ,if ! sections are ?ick or few1 a ?ick ?read mu/ be us$ to give ! ?ickness necess>y to produce a good groove4 #b ,z ea* ?read is t]m9at$1 ano!r mu/ be jo9$ !reto1 s t "o l5g? ( ?read is1 z x 71 us$ = a book4 ,! knots mu/ be made v neatly1 & ! ends cut (f1 or !y w be visible 9 ! %eet by _! bulk4 ,illu/ration3 ,flexible sew+4 ,if ! book is ( mod]ate ?ickness1 ! sections may be knock$ d[n by occasionally tapp+ !m ) a piece #bh ( wood load$ at "o end ) lead1 or a ?ick fold+-/ick may be us$ z a sub/itute4 ,i mu/ aga9 call p>ticul> att5tion to ! kettle /it*4 ,! ?read mu/ n be drawn too tight 9 mak+ ! *a91 or ! ?read w break 9 back+2 b /ill a prop] t5sion mu/ be kept or ! %eets w we> loose4 ,! la/ %eet %\ld be fa/5$ ) a d\ble knot r\nd ! kettle /it* two or ?ree sections d[n1 & t section mu/ be sewn all along4 ,! next /yle ( sew+1 & mo/ g5]ally us$ ?r\gh\t ! trade1 is ! ord9>y me?od4 ,ord9>y ,sew+ is some:at diff]5t1 inasmu* z ! ?read is n twi/$ r\nd ! cord1 z 9 flexible "w1 :5 ! cord is outside ! section4 ,9 ?is me?od ! cord fits into ! saw cuts4 ,! ?read is simply pass$ ov] ! cord1 n r\nd x1 o!rwise ! pr9ciple ( sew+ is ! same1 t is1 ! ?read is pass$ "r along ! section1 out ( ! holes made1 & into !m aga92 ! kettle /it* be+ made 9 ! same way4 ,?is /yle ( "w has "o advantage ov] flexible "w1 because ! back ( ! book c be bett] gilt4 ,9 flexible "w1 ! lea!r is atta*$ ) pa/e to ! back1 & is flex$1 & b5t1 ea* "t ! book is op5$1 & !re is great risk ( ! gold splitt+ away or be+ deta*$ f ! lea!r 9 we>4 ,books sewn 9 ! ord9>y me?od are made ) a holl[ or loose back1 & :5 ! book is op5$1 ! crease 9 ! back is indep5d5t ( ! lea!r cov]+2 ! l9+ ( ! back only is creas$1 & ! lea!r keeps its p]fect =m1 by reason ( ! l9+ giv+ x a spr+ outw>ds4 ,morocco is g5]ally us$ = flexible "w2 calf1 be+ )\t a gra91 is n suitable1 z x w\ld %[ all ! creases 9 ! back made by ! op5+4 ,?is class ( sew+ is excell5t = books t d n require s mu* /r5g?1 su* z libr>y b9d+s1#c b = a diction>y or ! l1 :]e con/ant #bi ref]5ce or daily use is requir$1 ,i %\ld sew a book flexibly4 ,"s b9d]s sew _! books 9 ! ord9>y way1 & pa/e ! lea!r directly to ! back1 & ?us pass x = flexible "w2 b ,i d n ?9k any respectable h\se w\ld d s4 ,a book t has be5 sew$ flexibly w n h any saw cut 9 ! back1 s t on exam9ation1 by op5+ x wide1 x w at once be se5 if x is a real flexible b9d+ or n4 #c ,?is is n to be conf\nd$ ) public libr>y b9d+s4 ,intellig5ce mu/1 h[ev]1 be us$2 a book t has already be5 cas$ 7or b\nd & sewn on cords7 mu/ ( necessity h ! saw cuts or holes1 & su* a book w\ld %[ ! cuts4 ,!re is ano!r mode call$ 8flexible n to %[40 ,! book is m>k$ up 9 ! usual way z = flexible1 & is also slightly scrat*$ on ! b& m>ks ) ! saw2 b n deep en\gh to g ?r\gh ! sections4 ,a ?9 cord is !n tak5 d\bl$ = ea* b&1 & ! book is sewn ! ord9>y flexible way2 ! cord is knock$ into ! back 9 =w>d+1 & ! lea!r may be /uck on a holl[ back ) b&s1 or x may be fa/5$ to ! back itself )\t b&s4#d #d ,see *apt] on ,l9+ up4 ,h[ev] simple x may appe> 9 description to sew a book1 x requires great judgm5t to keep d[n ! swell+ ( ! book to ! prop] am\nt necess>y to =m a good back+ groove & no m4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 ! %eets mu/ f "t to "t be g5tly tapp$ d[n ) a piece ( wood or a heavy fold+-/ick1 & great c>e mu/ be obs]v$ to avoid draw+ ! fa/5+ ( ! kettle /it* too tight1 or ! head & tail ( ! book w be ?9n] ?an ! middle2 ?is fault once committ$ has no rem$y4 ,if ! sections are v ?91 or 9 half %eets1 !y may1 if ! book is v ?ick1 be sewn 8two %eets on40 ,! ne$le is pass$ f ! kettle /it* to ! fir/ b& ( #cj ! fir/ %eet & out1 !n ano!r %eet is plac$ on ! top1 & ! ne$le ins]t$ at ! fir/ b& & br\ght out at b& ,no4 #b1 ! ne$le is aga9 ins]t$ 9 ! fir/ %eet & 9 at ! second b& & out at ,no4 #c1 ?us treat+ ! two sections z "o2 9 ?is way x is obvi\s t only half z mu* ?read w be 9 ! back4 ,) reg>d to books t h _h ! heads cut1 x w be necess>y to op5 ea* %eet c>efully up to ! back be=e x is plac$ on ! press1 o!rwise ! c5tre may n be caught1 & two or m leaves w be deta*$ aft] ! book is b\nd4 ,! fir/ & la/ sections ( e book %\ld be ov]ca/ = /r5g?4 ,) reg>d to books t are compos$ ( s+le leaves1 !y are treat$ ( 9 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,!y are to be ov]ca/1 & ea* section treat$ z a section ( an ord9>y book1 ! only diff]5ce be+1 t a /rong l9+ ( pap] %\ld be giv5 to ! back be=e cov]+1 s t x _c 8?r[ up40 ,:5 a book is sewn1 x is tak5 f ! sew+ press by slack5+ ! screws :i* tight5 ! beam1 s t ! cord may be easily deta*$ f ! keys & lay cords4 ,! cord may be left at its full l5g? until ! end pap]s are ab\t to be put on1 :5 x mu/ be r$uc$ to ab\t ?ree in*es4 ,brehm]'s pat5t wire book & pamphlet sew+ ma*9e is an introduction well adapt$ to ! use ( ! /ation]1 :]e ?ick & h&-made pap] w be> su* a me?od4 ,x w n1 9 my op9ion1 ev] be f\nd eligible = libr>y or /&>d books4 ,its high price w deb> x f ! trade g5]ally2 b x is to be fe>$ t a suffici5t numb] ( really good books may be sewn ) x to cause emb>rassm5t to ! fir/-rate b9d]1 :o w be baffl$ 9 mak+ good "w ( books :i* may h be5 damag$ by ! inv5tion ( sew+ books ) wire4 #ca ,illu/ration3 ,smy!'s ,sew+ ,ma*9e4 ,! novelty ( ?is ma*9e is1 t ! book is sewn ) wire in/ead ( ?read4 ,! ma*9e is f$ ) wire f spools by small /eel roll]s1 :i* at ea* revolution supply exactly ! l5g? ( wire requir$ to =m little /aples ) two legs4 ,( ^! /aples1 ! ma*9e makes at e revolution z _m z are requir$ #cb = ea* %eet ( ! book t is be+ sewn--g5]ally two or ?ree1 or m1 z necess>y4 ,^! wires or /aples are =c$ ?r\gh ! sections f ! inside ( ! folds2 & z ! tapes are /ret*$1 & held by clasps exactly opposite to ea* /aple-=m+ & ins]t+ app>atus1 ! legs ( ea* /aple p5etrate ! tapes1 & project ?r\gh !m to a suffici5t di/ance to all[ ( _! be+ b5t inw>ds t[>ds ea* o!r1 & press$ firmly aga9/ ! tapes4 ,) pamphlets1 copy-books1 catalogues1 c41 no tape is us$1 ! /aples !mselves be+ suffici5t4 ,ab\t two ?\s& pamphlets or %eets c be sewn 9 "o h\r4 ,ano!r ma*9e1 & ,i believe ! late/1 is ! 8,smy!40 ,! sew] sits 9 front ( ! ma*9e & places ! %eets1 "o at a "t1 on radial arms :i* project f a v]tical rod4 ,^! arms rotate1 rise1 & adju/ ! %eets1 s z to br+ !m 9 _! prop] position "u ! curv$ ne$les4 ,z ea* arm rises1 small holes are pi]c$1 by means ( pun*es 9 ! %eets1 f ! inside1 to facilitate ! entrance & egress ( ! ne$les4 ,! loop]s !n receive a lat]al movem5t to tight5 ! /it*1 & ?is movem5t is made adju/able1 9 ord] t books may be sewn tight or loose1 z requir$4 ,ab\t #bj1jjj %eets c be sewn 9 a day1 & no previ\s saw+ is requir$4 ,?read is us$ ) ?is ma*9e4 ,illu/ration #cc ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,=w>d+4 ,end ,pap]s4--,! end pap]s %\ld always be made1 t is1 ! col\r$ pap] pa/$ to a :ite "o2 ! /yle ( b9d+ mu/ decide :at k9d ( ends are to be us$4 ,i give a slight idea ( ! k9ds ( pap]s us$ & ! me?od ( mak+ !m4 ,cobb ,pap] is a pap] us$ g5]ally = half-calf b9d+s1 ) a spr9kl$ edge1 or z a *ange1 half-calf1 gilt top4 ,! pap] is /a9$ v>i\s %ades & col\rs 9 ! mak+1 & ,i ?9k d]ives its "n f a b9d] :o fir/ us$ x4 ,be+ lik$ by ! trade1 !y h di/+ui%$ ! pap] by call+ x 8,cobb pap]10 :i* "n x has kept4 ,surface ,pap]4--,?is is a pap]1 "o side ( :i* is prep>$ ) a lay] ( col\r1 laid on ) a bru% v ev5ly4 ,"s k9ds are left dull & o!rs are glaz$4 ,! d>k] col\rs ( ?is pap] are g5]ally *os5 = ,bibles or books ( a religi\s "*1 & ! light] col\rs = ! clo? or case "w4 ,!re are _m o!r %ades :i* may be put into extra b9d+s ) v good effect1 & w ex]cise ! ta/e ( ! workman4 ,= example1 a good cream1 :5 ( f9e col\r & good quality1 w look v well 9 a morocco book ) ei!r clo? or morocco jo9ts4 ,m>bl$ ,pap]4--,?is pap] has ! col\r dispos$ ^u x 9 imitation ( m>ble2 h5ce its "n4 ,x is produc$ by spr9kl+ prop]ly prep>$ col\rs ^u ! surface ( a size1 made ei!r ( a vegetable emulsion1 #cd or ( a solution ( res9\s gum4 ,x is necess>y1 9 ei!r prep>+ an orig9al design or 9 mat*+ an example1 to rememb] t ! ve9s are ! fir/ spla%es ( col\r ?r[n on ! size1 & assume t =m 9 consequ5ce ( be+ driv5 back by ! successive col\rs employ$4 ,we h x on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,wooln\gh1#e t ! old ,dut* pap] 0 wrapp$ r\nd toys 9 ord] to evade ! duty impos$ ^u x4 ,aft] be+ c>efully smoo!d out1 x 0 sold to bookb9d]s at a v high price1 :o us$ x ^u _! extra b9d+s1 & if ! pap] 0 n l>ge en\gh !y 7 compell$ to jo9 x4 ,aft] a "t ! manufacture 0 introduc$ into ,engl&1 b ei!r ! col\rs are n prep>$ ! same way1 or ! pap] itself may n be s suitable1 ! col\rs are n br\ght out ) su* vig\r & beauty1 nor d !y /& s well1 z on ! old ,dut* pap]4 ,"s secret ( ! art has be5 lo/1 & x baffles our able/ m>bl]s ( ! pres5t day to reproduce _m ( ! beautiful examples t may be se5 9 "s ( ! old books4 #e 8,! ,:ole ,art ( ,m>bl+ z appli$ to ,pap]40 ,c4 ,w4 ,wooln\gh4 ,bell & ,sons1 #ahha4 ,= fur!r rem>ks on m>bl$ pap] & m>bl+ see *apt] on col\r+ edges4 ,pr9t$ & o!r ,fancy ,pap] may be b\ght at fancy /ation]s2 ! v>iety is s great t description is impossible1 b good ta/e & judgm5t %\ld always be us$ by /udy+ ! /yle & col\r ( b9d+4 ,( late ye>s a few firms h paid "s att5tion to ?is bran*1 & h plac$ 9 ! m>ket "s v pretty patt]ns 9 v>i\s t9ts4 ,! =eign b9d]s are v fond ( pap]s pr9t$ 9 bronze1 & "s are c]ta9ly ( a mo/ elaborate & gorge\s description4 ,_m h\ses h _! own fav\rite patt]n & /yle4 ,all pap]s hav+ bronze on #ce !m %\ld be c>efully select$ & ! *eap] k9ds es*ew$1 ! bronze 9 a %ort "t go+ black4 ,col\r$ ,pa/e ,pap]4--,?is k9d ! b9d] c easily make = himself4 ,"s col\r %\ld be mix$ ) pa/e & a little soap1 until x is a little ?ick] ?an cream4 ,x %\ld !n be spread ^u two %eets ( pap] ) a pa/e bru%4 ,! %eets mu/ !n be laid toge!r ) _! col\r$ surfaces fac+ ea* o!r1 & :5 sep>at$ !y w h a curi\s wavy patt]n on !m4 ,! pap] %\ld !n be hung up to dry on a /r+ /ret*$ across ! room1 & :5 dry glaz$ ) a hot iron4 ,a great deal ( x is us$ 9 ,g]many = cov]+ books4 ,gre51 r$s1 & blues h a v good effect4 ,!re are _m o!r k9ds ( pap] t may be us$1 b ! above five diff]5t v>ieties w give a v good idea & s]ve z po9ts to "w f4 ,! _m bookb9d]s' mat]ial deal]s s5d out patt]n books1 & 9 !m "s hundr$s ( patt]ns are to be f\nd4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( ends1 x may be z well to m5tion t morocco1 calf1 russia1 silk1 etc41 are (t5 us$ on :ole b\nd "w2 ^! mu/1 h[ev]1 be plac$ 9 ! book :5 has be5 cov]$4 ,aft] hav+ decid$ ^u :at k9d ( pap] is to be us$1 two pieces are cut & fold$ to ! size ( ! book1 leav+ !m a trifle l>g]1 especially if ! book has be5 already cut4 ,two pieces ( :ite pap] mu/ be prep>$ 9 ! same way4 ,hav+ !m ready1 a :ite pap] is laid d[n1 fold$1 on a pa/+ bo>d 7any old mill-bo>d kept = ?is purpose71 & pa/$ ) mod]ately ?9 pa/e v ev5ly2 ! two fancy pap]s are laid on ! top q ev5 ) ! back or fold$ edge2 ! top fancy pap] is n[ to be pa/$1 & ! o!r :ite laid on t3 !y mu/ n[ be tak5 f ! bo>d1 & aft] a squeeze 9 ! press betwe5 press+ bo>ds1 tak5 out1 & hung up sep>ately to dry4 ,?is w cause "o half ( ! :ite #cf to adh]e to "o half ( ! m>ble or fancy pap]4 ,:5 !y are dry1 !y %\ld be refold$ 9 ! old folds & press$ = ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r4 ,:5 !re are m ?an "o pair ( ends to make1 !y ne$ n be made "o pair at a "t1 b t5 or fifte5 pairs may be done at once1 by comm5c+ ) ! "o :ite1 !n two fancy1 two :ite1 & s on1 until a suffici5t numb] h be5 made1 always press+ !m to ensure ! surfaces adh]+ prop]ly2 !n hang !m up to dry4 ,:5 dry press aga91 to make !m q flat4 ,z ?is is ! fir/ "t ,i speak ab\t pa/+1 a few h9ts or rem>ks on ! prop] way w n be out ( place "h4 ,always draw ! bru% well ov] ! pap] & away f ! c5tre1 t[>ds ! edges ( ! pap]4 ,d n h too mu* pa/e 9 ! bru%1 b j en\gh to make x slide well4 ,be c>eful t ! :ole surface is pa/$2 remove all hairs or lumps f ! pap]1 or !y w m>k ! book4 ,f9ally1 nev] attempt to take up ! bru% f ! pap] be=e x is well drawn ov] ! edge ( ! pap]1 or ! pap] w /ick to ! bru% & turn ov]1 ) ! risk ( ! "u side be+ pa/$4 ,:ile ! ends are press+ we w proce$ ) fur!r =w>d+ our book4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,pa/+ ,,up4 ,! fir/ & la/ %eet ( e book mu/ be pa/$ up or d[n1--x is call$ by bo? t]ms2 & if ! book has too mu* swell+1 x mu/ be tapp$ d[n g5tly ) a hamm]4 ,hold ! book tightly at ! =$ge ) ! left h&1 knuckles d[n2 re/ ! back on ! press1 & hit #cg ! back ) ! hamm] to ! requir$ ?ickness4 ,if ! book is n held tightly1 a portion ( ! back w slip 9 & ! holl[ w always be visible2 s ,i advise t ! back be knock$ flat on ! 8ly+ press0 & plac$ 9 x )\t bo>ds1 s t ! back projects4 ,screw ! press up tightly1 s t ! %eets _c slip4 ,a knock+-d[n iron %\ld !n be plac$ aga9/ ! book on its left side1 & ! back hamm]$ aga9/ x2 ! 8slips0 or cords mu/ be pull$ tight1 ea* "o be+ pull$ ) ! "r h&1 ! left hold+ ! slips tightly aga9/ ! book s t !y _c be pull$ ?r\gh4 ,%\ld x happ5 t a slip is pull$ out1 no?+ rema9s b to re-sew ! book1 unless x is a ?9 "o1 :5 x may possibly be re-ins]t$ ) a l>ge ne$le4 ,b ?is w n d ! book any good4 ,! slips be+ pull$ tight1 ! fir/ & la/ section %\ld be pa/$ to ^? next !m4 ,to d ?is1 lay ! book on ! edge ( ! press & ?r[ ! top section back2 lay a piece ( wa/e pap] ^u ! next section ab\t #a_/h or #a_/d in* f ! back1 accord+ to ! size ( ! book1 & pa/e ! space betwe5 ! back & ! wa/e pap]1 us+ g5]ally ! second f+] ( ! "r h&1 hold+ ! pap] d[n ) ! left4 ,:5 pa/$1 ! wa/e pap] is remov$1 & ! back ( ! section put ev5ly ) ! back ( ! book1 :i* is n[ turn$ ov] c>efully t x may n %ift2 ! o!r end is treat$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,a weight %\ld !n be put on ! top1 or if m ?an a s+le book1 "o %\ld lie on ! top ( ! o!r1 back & =$ge alt]nately1 ea* book to be half an in* )9 ! =$ge ( ! book next to x1 ) a few press+ bo>ds on ! top "o4 ,:5 dry ! end pap]s are to be pa/$ on4 ,illu/ration #ch ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,putt+ ,,on ,,! ,,end ,,pap]s4 ,two s+le leaves ( :ite pap]1 some:at ?ick] ?an ! pap] us$ = mak+ ! ends1 are to be cut1 "o = ea* side ( ! book4 ,! end pap]s are to be laid d[n on a bo>d1 or on a piece ( pap] on ! press to keep !m clean1 ) ! pa/$ or made side upp]mo/1 ! s+le leaves on ! top4 ,!y %\ld !n be fann$ out ev5ly to a prop] wid?1 ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* = an #hvo41 a piece ( wa/e pap] put on ! top1 & _! edges pa/$4 ,! slips or cords ?r[n back1 ! :ite fly is put on ! book1 a little away f ! back1 & ! made ends on ! top ev5 ) ! back1 & aga9 left to dry ) ! weight ( a few bo>ds on ! top4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! book or books are v heavy or l>ge1 !y %\ld h 8jo9ts0 ( ei!r bookb9d]s' clo? or ( lea!r ( ! same col\r z ! lea!r ) :i* ! book is to be cov]$4 ,morocco is mo/ly us$ = ! lea!r jo9ts4 ,if ! jo9ts are to be ( clo?1 x may be add$ ei!r :5 ! ends are be+ put on1 or :5 ! book is ready = pa/+ d[n4 ,if ! clo? jo9t is to be put on n[1 ! clo? is cut f #a to #c in*es1 accord+ to ! size ( book1 & fold$ q ev5ly1 ! side ( ! clo? :i* has to g on ! book be+ left ! wid? int5d$ to be glu$2 t is1 a wid? ( #a in* %\ld be fold$ #c_/d "o side1 leav+ #a_/d ! o!r1 ! latt] to be put on ! book4 ,! smalle/ fold is n[ glu$1 ! :ite fly put on1 & ! fancy pap] on ! top2 ! diff]5ce be+1 t ! pap] in/ead ( be+ made d\ble or fold$ is s+le1 or in/ead ( tak+ a pap] d\ble ! #ci size ( ! book & fold+ x1 x is cut to ! size ( ! book & pa/$ all ov]4 ,x w be bett] if ! m>ble pap] be pa/$ & ! :ite put on & well rubb$ d[n1 & !n ! :ole laid betwe5 mill-bo>ds to dry4 ,a piece ( wa/e or br[n pap] %\ld be slightly fa/5$ at ! back ov] ! :ole1 7turn+ ! clo? d[n on ! book7 to keep x clean & prev5t x f gett+ damag$4 ,! /ronge/ mann] is to ov]ca/ ! ends & clo? jo9t to ! fir/ & la/ section ( ! book1 z x is !n almo/ impossible ei!r = ! clo? or ends to pull away f ! book4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! clo? jo9t is to be put on aft] ! book is cov]$1 ! flys & ends are only edg$ on ) pa/e to ! book j suffici5t to hold !m :ile x is be+ b\nd2 & :5 ! book is to be pa/$ d[n1 ! ends are lift$ f ! book by plac+ a ?9 fold+-/ick betwe5 ! ends & book & runn+ x along1 :5 !y w come away q easily4 ,! clo? is !n cut & fold$ z be=e & fa/5$ on1 & ! ends & flys prop]ly pa/$ 9 ! back4 ,morocco jo9ts are usually put 9 aft] ! book is cov]$1 b ,i pref] t if jo9ts ( any k9d are to g 9 ! book !y %\ld be put 9 at ! same "t z ! ends4 ,take great c>e t ! ends are q dry aft] be+ made be=e atta*+ !m1 or ! dampness w affect ! beg9n+ & end ( ! book & cause ! fir/ few leaves to wr9kle4 ,:5 ! ends are q dry ! slips %\ld be unravell$ & scrap$1 a bodk9 be+ us$ = ! unravell+1 & ! back ( a knife = ! scrap+4 ,! object ( ?is is1 t !y may ) great] ease be pass$ ?r\gh ! holes 9 ! mill-bo>d1 & ! bulk ( ! cord be m ev5ly di/ribut$ & beat5 d[n1 s z n to be se5 aft] ! book has be5 cov]$4 #da ,illu/ration3 ,me?od ( sew+ ,ends on to ,book t _c te> away4 ,fir/ & la/ %eet are n ov]ca/$ :5 treat$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,_m h\ses cut away ! slip entirely1 9 ord] t ! "w may look bett]4 ,?is %\ld nev] be done2 ) l>ge & heavy books x is bett] to all[ ! bulk ( ! cord to be se5 r ?an sacrifice /r5g?4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t ?is may be avoid$ by cutt+ a small portion ( ! mill-bo>d away to all[ ! cord to lodge 94 ,!re is ano!r way ( putt+ on ! end pap]s1 t is1 to sew ! ends on ) ! book :5 sew+4 ,! pap] is fold$ at ! back ) a small fold1 ! %eet plac$ 9 ! fold1 & ! :ole sewn ?r\gh4 ,x is at once app>5t t "u no circum/ances c !re be any /ra9 on ! ends1 & t !re is h>dly any possibility ( ! ends break+ away f ! %eets4 ,= books subject$ to v h>d we> 7s*ool books1 public libr>y books1 etc47 ?is me?od ( plac+ ! ends is by f> ! be/4 ,see opposite page4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,trimm+4 ,is ! book to h a gilt top8 m>bl$ or gilt edges8 or is x to be left uncut8 ,^! que/ions mu/ be settl$ be=e any?+ fur!r is done4 ,if ! book is to be uncut or h a gilt top1 ! r\gh edges %\ld be tak5 away ) a v %>p knife or %e>s3 ?is process is call$ 8trimm+40 ,! book hav+ be5 knock$ up /raight1 is laid on a piece ( wood plan$ smoo? & kept = ?is purpose1 call$ a 8trimm+ bo>d40 ,x is !n compass$ f ! back1 a /raight edge laid to ! compass holes1 & ! =$ge cut ) a v %>p knife4 ,if ! knife is n #db %>p ! pap] w yield to ! slight pressure requir$ & w n be cut4 ,x is !re=e absolutely necess>y t a good edge be giv5 to ! blade1 &1 if possible1 to keep a special knife = ! purpose4 ,su* knives1 call$ trimm+ knives1 are sold1 ! probable co/ be+ ab\t two %ill+s4 ,!y h a v broad blade4 ,! object ( trimm+ is to make ! edges true2 ! am\nt tak5 (f mu/ be only ! r\gh & dirty edges1 ! book be+ ?us left z l>ge z possible4 ,! ,fr5* put _! books 9 ! press betwe5 bo>ds & rasp ! edges1 b ?is me?od has n only ! disadvantage ( %[+ all ! m>ks ( ! rasp1 b also ( leav+ a r\ghness :i* cat*es & reta9s ! du/ 9 proportion to ! s(t or h>d qualities ( ! pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,c>dbo>d ,ma*9e us$ = trimm+4 ,ano!r me?od is to put ! book into ! cutt+ press1 & cut ! ov]plus (f ) a pl\gh1 hav+ a circul> knife1 call$ a 8r\nd pl\gh40 ,?is is us$ :5 a numb] ( books are be+ done toge!r4 ,i pref] to use ! /raight edge & knife = ! =$ge & tail1 & to cut ! top :5 ! book is 9 bo>ds4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n necess>y to g to ! exp5se ( a r\nd pl\gh1 x is only advisable to h "o :5 8pl\gh trimm+0 is ( daily occurr5ce2 an ord9>y pl\gh knife1 gr\nd to a circul> edge1 w answ] 9 mo/ cases4 ,ano!r excell5t plan is to set ! gauge ( ! #dc mill-bo>d ma*9e1 or a c>d-cutt+ ma*9e1 & to cut or trim ea* section1 =$ge & tail1 by ! ma*9e knife4 ,9 a l>ge numb] ( books ?is plan is to be recomm5d$2 ! :ole is cut m ev5 & 9 less "t2 trimm+ by ?is me?od mu/1 h[ev]1 be done be=e sew+4 ,?is me?od is also adopt$ by "s ,fr5* h\ses4 ,be=e leav+ ! subject ( trimm+1 ,i w ins]t a few l9es f t well-kn[n pap] ! 8,a!num10 z to h[ a book %\ld be trimm$2 & s mu* d ,i agree ) its writ]1 t ,i h ! quotation1 9 l>ge type1 hung up 9 my %op z a con/ant caution & in/ruction to ! workm53-- 7,no4 #bach1 ,oct4 #ag?1 #ahfh47 8,mr4 ,,editor1--,if y ?9k t ! #8,a!num' is read or se5 by any memb]s ( t class ( ru?less b9d]s1 :o delight 9 de/roy+ ! appe>ance ( e pamphlet & book t comes into _! h&s1 by trimm+ or pl\gh+ its edges to ! quick 7& almo/ always crook$ly71 ,i beg y to ins]t ?is appeal to ! mon/]s ,i h nam$1 to desi/ f _! b>b>\s practices1 to le>n to rev]5ce ! m>g9 ( a book1 & nev] to take f x a hair's bread? m ?an is absolutely ne$ful4 ,! brutality ) :i* ! fair m>g9s ( "o's lov$ volumes are treat$ by ^! mangl+ wret*es ) _! awful pl\gh knives is %ock+ to behold4 ,! curses ( book lov]s are daily heap$ on _! backs1 b !y g on runn+-a-muck1 he$less ( remon/rance1 remorseless1 ev] sacrific+ fre% victims4 ,_h we a pat]nal gov]nm5t1 "o might hope = due puni%m5t ( "s ( ^! (f5d]s3 "o at lea/ might be pl\gh$ up ! back1 ano!r up ! front1 z an example & a t]ror to ! trade2 b z ?is :olesome correction _c unhappily be adm9i/]$1 w y give expression to ! indignation ( "o among/ a million suff]]s = ye>s f ^! #dd trimm]s' savag]ies1 & let !m "k :at feel+s _! reckless cruelty awak5s 9 _m brea/s8 ,"o ( ! l>ge/ h\ses 9 ,london has j s5t me home fifty copies ( an essay1 int5d$ z a pres5t = a fri5d4 ,!y h be5 trimm$1 & be5 ru9$4 ,w\ld t ,i c\ld h ! trimm+ ( _! trimm]'s hair & e>s2 also 8 nose6 ,i don't ?9k 8 be/ fri5d w\ld "k him :5 ,i _h done ) him4 8,b1 ,sir1 we live 9 a philan?ropic age1 & are b\nd to =give our enemies & try to re=m ! wor/ crim9als4 ,i !re=e propose a practical measure to w9 ^! book trimm]s f _! enormities2 namely1 t fifty at lea/ ( y\r read]s1 :o c>e = book m>g9s1 %\ld subscribe a gu9ea ea* = a *all5ge cup1 to be compet$ = ye>ly1 & held by t firm :i*1 on produc+ copies ( all books & pamphlets trimm$ by x dur+ ! ye>1 %all be adjudg$ to h disfigur$ !m lea/4 ,i ask y1 ,sir1 if y w receive subscriptions = ?is *all5ge cup8 ,if y w1 ,i %all be glad to s5d y m9e4 8,m4 ,a4 8,p4,s4--,any "o :o w cut out ?is lett]1 & get x pa/$ up 9 any b9d]'s or pr9t]'s trimm+ room1 w conf] a fav\r on ! writ]40 ,a v good trimm+ ma*9e has be5 inv5t$ by ,messrs4 ,ri*mond & ,co41 ( ,kirby ,/reet1 ,hatton ,g>d54 ,! b$ rises & falls1 ) ! books ^u x1 in/ead ( ! knife desc5d+ ^u ! "w1 z 9 ! cutt+ ma*9es2 & ! gauges are s arrang$1 t ! =$ge ( "o pile ( books1 & ! tails ( ano!r1 c be cut at "o op]ation1 & x is gu>ante$ by ! mak]s t ! knife w leave a clean & p]fectly trimm$ edge4 #de ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,glue+ ,,up4 ,! book mu/ n[ be glu$ up2 t is1 glue mu/ be appli$ to ! back to hold ! sections toge!r1 & make ! back firm dur+ ! r\nd+ & back+4 ,knock ! book p]fectly true at its back & head1 & put x into ! ly+ press betwe5 two pieces ( old mill-bo>d2 expose ! back & let x project f ! bo>ds a little1 ! object be+ to hold ! book firm & to keep ! slips close to ! sides1 s t no glue %all get on !m2 !n ) glue1 n too ?ick1 b hot1 glue ! back1 rubb+ x 9 ) ! bru%1 & take ! ov]plus (f aga9 ) ! bru%4 ,9 "s %ops1 a h&ful ( %av+s is us$ to rub ! glue 91 & to take ! refuse away1 b ,i consid] ?is to be a bad plan1 z a great quantity ( glue is wa/$4 ,! ,g]mans rub ! glue into ! back ) ! back ( a hamm]1 & take away ! ov]plus ) ! bru%2 ?is is c]ta9ly bett] ?an us+ %av+s4 ,! back mu/ n be all[$ to get too dry be=e x is r\nd$1 or x w h to be damp$ ) a sponge1 to give to ! glue ! ela/icity requir$1 b x %\ld n be wet1 ?is be+ worse ?an lett+ x get too dry4 ,! book %\ld be left = ab\t an h\r1 or till x no long] feels tacky to ! t\*1 b /ill reta9s its flexibility4 ,a flexible b\nd book %\ld fir/ be r\nd$1 a back+ bo>d be+ us$ to br+ ! %eets r\nd in/ead ( a hamm]1 !n ! back glu$1 & a piece ( tape ti$ r\nd ! book to prev5t its go+ back flat4 #df ,b all books are n glu$ up 9 ! press2 "s workm5 knock up a numb] ( books1 &1 all[+ !m to project a little ov] _! press1 glue ! lot up at once2 o!rs aga91 by hold+ ! book 9 ! left h& & draw+ ! bru% up & d[n ! back4 ,^! la/ me?ods are1 h[ev]1 only practis$ 9 clo? %ops1 :]e books are b\nd or cas$ at v l[ prices4 ,! prop] way1 z ,i h expla9$1 is to put ! book 9 ! ly+ press4 ,! book is !n laid on its side to dry1 & if m ?an "o1 !y %\ld be laid alt]nately back & =$ge1 ) ! back project+ ab\t half an in*1 & all[$ to dry spontane\sly1 & on no acc\nt to be dri$ by ! heat ( a fire4 ,all artificial heat 9 dry+ 9 any process ( bookb9d+ is injuri\s to ! "w4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,r\nd+4 ,! ^w 8r\nd+0 applies to ! back ( ! book1 & is prelim9>y to back+4 ,9 r\nd+ ! back1 ! book is to be laid on ! press be=e ! workman ) ! =$ge t[>ds him2 ! book is !n to be held ) ! left h& by plac+ ! ?umb on ! =$ge & f+]s on ! top ( ! book po9t+ t[>ds ! back1 s t by draw+ ! f+]s t[>ds ! ?umb1 or by press+ f+]s & ?umb toge!r1 ! back is drawn t[>ds ! workman at an angle4 ,9 ?is position ! back is /ruck ) ! face ( ! hamm]1 beg9n+ 9 ! c5tre1 /ill draw+ ! back ov] ) ! left h&4 ,! book is !n to be turn$ ov]1 & ! o!r side treat$ 9 ! same way1 & cont9ually #dg *ang$ or turn$ f "o side to ! o!r until x has its prop] =m1 :i* %\ld be a "p ( a circle4 ,:5 suffici5tly r\nd$1 x %\ld be exam9$ to see if "o side be p]fectly level ) ! o!r1 by hold+ ! book up & glanc+ d[n its back1 & g5tly tapp+ ! places :]e unev51 until x is p]fectly true or uni=m4 ,! ?ick] ! book ! m difficult x w be f\nd to r\nd x2 & "s pap]s w be f\nd m ob/9ate ?an o!rs1 s t great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ bo? 9 r\nd+ & back+1 z ! =$ge :5 cut w h exactly ! same =m z ! back4 ,no?+ c be m annoy+ ?an to see books lop-sid$1 pig-back$1 & ) sundry o!r ailm5ts1 inh]5t to *eap bookb9d+4 #dh ,illu/ration3 ,r\nd+ ,ma*9e4 ,! back :5 prop]ly r\nd$ %\ld be ab\t a ?ird ( a circle1 accord+ to ! pres5t mode1 b 9 old5 times !y 7 made almo/ flat4 ,!y 7 n r\nd$ z n[ done1 b ! swell+ caus$ by ! ?read us$ made q en\gh r\nd+ :5 put 9 ! press = back+4 ,flat back books h a c]ta9 *>m ab\t !m1 ! m s if 9 o!r respects !y are prop]ly =w>d$4 ,! !ory is altoge!r av]se to practical b9d+4 ,i h always be5 giv5 to und]/& t we r\nd our books 9 ord] to c\nt]act ! t5d5cy ( a book to s9k 9 & assume a convex back4 ,any old well-us$ book b\nd ) a flat back w %[ at once ?is defect4 ,messrs4 ,hopk9son & ,cope1 ( ,f>r+don ,road1 ,london1 manufacture a r\nd+ ma*9e4 ,!y claim t ?is ma*9e w r\nd #fjj books p] h\r1 & t any desir$ 8r\nd0 may be giv5 to ! book ) great uni=mity4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,back+4 ,! bo>ds requir$ = back+1 call$ back+ bo>ds1 %\ld always be ! same l5g? z ! book4 ,!y are made some:at ?ick] ?an cutt+ bo>ds1 & h _! tops plan$ at an angle1 s t ! %eets may fall well ov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,back+ ,hamm]4 ,illu/ration3 ,be=e ,back+4 ,aft] ,back+4 ,hold ! book 9 ! left h&1 lay a bo>d on "o side1 a little away f ! back1 tak+ ! edge ( ! top %eet z a guide1 ! di/ance to be a trifle m ?an ! ?ickness ( ! bo>ds int5d$ to be us$4 ,!n #di turn ov] ! book1 ) ! back+ bo>d1 hold+ ! bo>d to ! book by ! ?umb1 s t x does n %ift1 & lay ! o!r bo>d at exactly ! same di/ance on ! o!r side4 ,! :ole is n[ to be held tightly by ! left h& & l[]$ into ! press4 ,! bo>ds may possibly h %ift$ a little dur+ ! process1 & any correction may n[ be made :il/ ! press holds ! book be=e screw+ up tight1 su* z a slight tap ) ! hamm] to "o end ( a bo>d t may n be q /raight4 ,%\ld ! bo>ds h[ev] be n q true1 x w be bett] to take ! :ole out & readju/ !m1 r ?an lose "t 9 try+ to rectify ! irregul>ity by any o!r me?od4 ,if ! r\nd+ is n q true x w be se5 at once1 & ! le>n] mu/ n be di%e>t5$ if he has to take 8 book out ( ! press two or ?ree times to correct any slight imp]fection4 ,! book & bo>ds hav+ be5 l[]$ flu% ) ! *eeks ( ! press1 screw x up z tightly z possible ) ! iron h&-p94 ,! back ( ! book mu/ n[ be g5tly /ruck ) ! back ( ! hamm]1 hold+ x slant+ & beat+ ! %eets well ov] t[>ds ! back+ bo>ds4 ,comm5ce f ! c5tre ( ! back & d #ej n hit too h>d1 or ! d5t made by ! hamm] w %[ aft] ! book has be5 cov]$4 ,! back is to be f9i%$ ) ! face ( ! hamm]1 ! %eets be+ br\ght well ov] on ! bo>ds s t a good & solid groove may be made4 ,ea* side mu/ be treat$ 9 ! same way1 & h ! same am\nt ( weight & beat+4 ,! back mu/ h a gradual hamm]+1 & ! %eets1 :5 knock$ "o way1 mu/ n be knock$ back aga94 ,! hamm] %\ld be swung ) a circul> motion1 always away f ! c5tre ( ! back4 ,! book1 :5 op5$ aft] back+1 %\ld be entirely )\t wr9kles2 _! pres5ce be+ a sign t ! workman did n "k 8 bus9ess1 or t x 0 c>elessly done4 ,back+ & cutt+ con/itute ! *ief "w 9 =w>d+1 & if ^! two are n done prop]ly ! book _c be squ>e & solid--two great ess5tials 9 bookb9d+4 ,back+ flexible "w w be f\nd a little m difficult1 z ! slips are tight]2 b o!rwise ! process is exactly ! same1 only c>e mu/ be tak5 n to hamm] ! cord too mu*1 & to br+ ov] ! sections v g5tly1 9 ord] n to break ! sew+ ?read4 ,! back+ bo>ds may be replan$ f "t to "t1 z !y become us$1 b bo>ds may be _h hav+ a d\ble face ( /eel to !m2 ^! may be us$ f ei!r side4 ,! edges ( ! /eel mu/ n be %>p1 or !y w cut ! pap] :5 back+4 ,! ord9>y bo>ds may also h a face ( /eel screw$ to !m1 b ,i pref] to use ! wood--"o c get a firm] back )\t fe> ( cutt+ ! %eets4 ,illu/ration3 ,two-edg$ ,back+ ,bo>ds4 ,!re are sev]al back+ ma*9es by diff]5t mak]s b !y are all ( simil> plan4 ,! book be+ fir/ r\nd$ is put betwe5 ! *eeks1 & ! roll] at ! #ea top presses ! %eets ov]4 ,i am sorry to say t a great numb] ( %eets get cut by ?is process1 especially :5 a c>eless man has *>ge ( ! ma*9e4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,mill-,,bo>ds4 ,!re is no occasion to wait = ! book to be advanc$ z f> z ! back+ be=e ! workman sees to 8 bo>ds2 b he %\ld take advantage ( ! p]iod ( dry+ to prep>e !m1 to look out ! prop] ?ickness ( ! bo>d1 & to l9e !m ) pap] ei!r on "o side or on bo?4 ,!re are n[ s _m k9ds ( mill-bo>ds made t a few words ab\t !m may n be out ( place4 ,! be/ bo>ds are made ( old rope1 & co/ ab\t #cj p] ton4 ,! v>i\s mills make ea* a diff]5t quality1 ! prices rang+ d[n to #ad p] ton2 ab\t ?is price ! /raw bo>ds may be said to comm5ce1 !y go+ z l[ z #g1 & ev5 less4 ,a new bo>d has lately appe>$ call$ lea!r bo>d2 x is exce$+ly h>d & durable4 ,i made sev]al exp]im5ts ) ?is bo>d1 b up to ! pres5t h n succe$$ 9 gett+ x to lay flat on ! book4 ,bo>ds are made to ! v>i\s sizes 9 %eets v>y+ f pott 7#ag-a_/d #ad-a_/d in*es7 to d\ble elephant 7#dj #bh in*es74 ,! ?ickness is kn[n z #f;d41 #g;d41 #h;d42 #hx1 or eightp5ny "o cross2 #hxx1 eightp5ny two cross2 ,x = t5p5ny4 ,"h is a li/ 9 full ( all ! bo>ds likely to be us$3--#eb ,,key ,,to ,,table4 ,a8in*es402 ,b8,doz5s 9 a ,bundle402 ,c8,weight ,p] ,bundle1 lb40 ,,description4 ,,size4 #f;d4 #g;d4 #h;d4 #hx4 #hxx4 ,x4 ,a ,b ,c ,b ,c ,b ,c ,b ,c ,b ,c ,b ,c ,pott #ag-a_/d #ad-a_/d #f #bh #f #dj #e #dh #e #ef #d #fj #c #eh ,foolscap #ah-a_/b #ad-a_/b #f #cb #f #dd #e #ej #e #eh #d #fb #c #eh ,cr[n #bj #af-a_/d #f #cf #f #ej #e #fb #e #gb #d #gd #c #gb ,small ,half ,royal #bj-a_/d #ac #f #cj #f #dd #e #ej #e #fj #d #fb #c #eh ,l>ge ,half ,royal #ba #ad #f #cj #f #dh #e #fj #e #fb #d #gj #c #gb ,%ort #ba #ag #f #ch #f #ee #e #gj #e #gh #d #gh #c #gh ,sm4 ,half ,imp]ial #bb-a_/d #ae #f #cf #f #ej #e #fd #d #gj #c #fb #b #fj ,half ,imp]ial #bc-a_/b #af-a_/b #f #dj #f #fj #e #ff #d #gj #c #ff #b #fd ,mdle4 or ,sm4,demy #bb-a_/b #ah-a_/b #f #de #f #fj #e #ff #d #gd #c #gb #b #ff ,l>ge ,middle or ,l>ge ,demy #bc-c_/d #ah-a_/b #f #dh #f #fh #e #ff #d #gf #c #gd #b #fj ,l>ge or ,m$ium #bd #ai #f #dh #f #gj #e #fe #d #gf #c #gd #b #fj ,small ,royal #be-a_/b #ai-a_/b #f #eb #f #gh #e #gh #d #hd #c #hd #b #fh ,l>ge ,royal #bf-c_/d #bj-c_/d #f #eb #f #gh #d #fh #c #gf #b #fh #b #hf ,extra ,royal #bh-a_/b #ba-a_/b #f #ef #f #hb #d #gd #c #hj #b #gd #b #ib ,imp]ial #cb #bb-a_/b #f #gb #d #gb #c #gb #b #gb #b #if #b #abj ,illu/ration3 ,mill-bo>d ,%e>s4 ,hav+ *os5 ! bo>d1 x is necess>y to cut x up to ! size want$4 ,if ! book is #hvo41 ! bo>d is cut into eight pieces2 if #dto41 into f\r2 us+ a demy bo>d = a demy book1 or a royal = a royal book4 ,to cut up ! bo>d1 fir/ m>k up1 z a guide = ! mill-bo>d %e>s4 ,^! are v l>ge %e>s1 9 %ape some:at l an enl>g$ t9 %e>s4 ,to use ! %e>s1 screw up "o arm 9 ! lay+ press1 hold ! bo>d by ! left h&1 us+ ! "r to "w ! upp] arm1 ! left h& mean:ile guid+ ! bo>d4 ,"s little tact is requir$ #ec to cut heavy bo>ds4 ,x w be f\nd t x is necess>y to press ! l[] arm away ) ! ?igh1 & br+ ! upp] arm t[>ds ! op]ator :il/ cutt+4 ,illu/ration3 ,mill-bo>d ,ma*9e4 ,a mill-bo>d cutt+ ma*9e is n[ 9 all l>ge %ops4 ,! cut fairly well expla9s itself2 ! long blade desc5d+ cuts ! bo>ds1 :i* are held fa/ on ! table by ! clamp4 ,! gauges are set ei!r on ! table or 9 front4 ,! bo>d is put on ! table & held tight by pressure ( ! foot on ! treadle2 ! knife desc5d+ ^u ! expos$ bo>d cuts aft] ! pr9ciple ( ! guillot9e blade4 ,ano!r k9d1 introduc$ by ,messrs4 ,ri*mond1 ( ,kirby ,/reet1 ,hatton ,g>d51 is made = /eam "w1 & is no d\bt "o ( ! be/ t c be made4 ,in/ead ( a knife to desc5d1 a numb] ( circul> cutt]s are made to revolve on two sp9dles1 ! "o cutt] work+ aga9/ ! o!r 7see woodcut72 b ,i give ,messrs4 ,ri*mond's own description1 x be+ m explicit ?an any ,i c\ld #ed possibly give3 8,! ma*9e accompli%es a surpris+ am\nt ( sup]ior "w 9 a v %ort "t1 & ! be/ description ( ! ord9>y lev] mill-bo>d cutt+ ma*9e _c be comp>$ ) x4 ,! ma*9e is v /rongly & accurately con/ruct$4 ,x is furni%$ ) an iron table hav+ a plan$ surface1 & is also provid$ ) a self-act+ fe$ gauge4 ,! ge> :eels are eng9e cut1 & ! circul> cutt]s1 :i* are ( ! be/ ca/ /eel1 be+ turn$ & gr\nd 8dead true10 clean & accurate cutt+ is insur$4 ,! ma*9e w !re=e be f\nd to be a mo/ pr(itable acquisition to any bookb9d+ e/abli%m5t 9 :i* l>ge quantities ( mill-bo>d are us$ up40 ,illu/ration3 ,/eam ,mill-bo>d ,cutt+ ,ma*9e4 ,! bo>ds be+ cut1 squ>e ! edge :i* is to g to ! back ( ! book4 ,?is mu/ be done 9 ! cutt+ press1 us+ a cutt+ bo>d = "o side t]m$ a 8runn]10 & ano!r call$ a 8cut-aga9/0 = ! o!r side4 #ee ,^! are simply to save ! press f be+ cut2 & a piece ( old mill-bo>d is g5]ally plac$ on ! cut-aga9/1 s t ! pl\gh knife does n cut or use up ! cut-aga9/ too quickly4 ,! bo>ds are n[1 if = :ole-b9d+1 to be l9$ on bo? sides ) pap]2 if = half-b9d+ only on "o side4 ,! reason = l9+ !m is to make ! bo>ds curve inw>ds t[>ds ! book4 ,! v>i\s pa/+s w\ld cause ! bo>d to curve ! contr>y way if x 7 n l9$4 ,if ! bo>ds are to be l9$ bo? sides1 pap] %\ld be cut d\ble ! size ( ! bo>ds2 if only "o side1 ! pap] cut a little wid] ?an ! bo>ds1 s t a portion ( ! pap] may be turn$ ov] on to ! o!r side ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,! pap] is n[ pa/$ ) n too ?ick pa/e1 & ! bo>d laid on ! pap] ) ! cut edge t[>ds ! portion to be turn$ ov]4 ,x is n[ tak5 up ) ! pap] adh]+1 & laid d[n on ! press ) ! pap] side upw>ds1 & rubb$ well d[n2 x is !n aga9 turn$ ov] & ! pap] drawn ov] ! o!r side4 ,x is advisable to press ! bo>ds to make m c]ta9 ( ! pap] adh]+1 rememb]+ always t ! pap] mu/ be pa/$ all ov] v ev5ly1 = x _c be expect$ to adh]e if x is n pa/$ prop]ly4 ,:5 ! books are v ?ick1 two bo>ds mu/ be pa/$ toge!r1 n only to get ! prop] ?ickness1 b = /r5g?1 = a made bo>d is always /rong] ?an a s+le "o4 ,if a bo>d has to be made1 a ?ick & a some:at ?9n] bo>d %\ld be fa/5$ toge!r ) pa/e4 ,pa/e bo? bo>ds & put !m 9 ! /&+ press = ! night4 ,great pressure %\ld n be put on at fir/1 b aft] all[+ !m to set = a few m9utes1 pull d[n ! press z tight z possible4 ,:5 plac+ made bo>ds to ! book1 ! ?9n] "o %\ld always be next ! book4 ,x may be tak5 z a g5]al rule t a ?9n] bo>d :5 pa/$ w always draw a ?ick] "o4 #ef ,:5 bo>ds are l9$ on "o side only x is usual to turn half an in* ( ! pap] ov] ! squ>e or cut edge1 & ! l9$ side mu/ be plac$ next ! book4 ,_m b9d]s l9e ! mill-bo>d all ov] ) pap] be=e cutt+2 ?is may save "t1 b ! edge ( ! bo>d at ! jo9t is liable to be abrais$1 & ! result+ jo9t unev54 ,! bo>ds :5 l9$ %\ld be laid ab\t or /ood up to dry1 & :5 dry1 cut to ! prop] & exact size = ! book4 ,z a fact1 ! black bo>ds n[ sold are mu* too new or gre5 to be us$ direct by ! b9d]1 !y %\ld be /ock$ = "s mon?s4 ,! requisite wid? is obta9$ by ext5d+ ! compass f ! back ( ! book to ! edge ( ! smalle/ bolt or fold 9 ! =$ge4 ,x is advisable n to measure less ?an ?is po9t1 b to leave a leaf or two 9 ord] to %[ t ! book is n cut d[n4 ,! compasses be+ fix$ by means ( ! side screw1 ! bo>ds are to be knock$ up ev51 compass$ up1 & plac$ 9 ! ly+ press1 9 :i* !y are cut1 us+1 z be=e1 ! 8cut-aga9/10 & plac+ ! runn] exactly to ! compass holes4 ,:5 cut !y are to be te/$ by turn+ "o r\nd & putt+ !m toge!r aga92 if !y are ! lea/ out ( tru? x w be app>5t at once4 ,! head or top ( ! bo>ds is next to be cut by plac+ a squ>e aga9/ ! back & m>k+ ! head or top ) a bodk9 or po9t ( a knife4 ,! bo>ds be+ q /raight are aga9 put into ! press & cut1 & :5 tak5 out %\ld be aga9 prov$ by rev]s+ !m z be=e1 & if n true !y mu/ be recut4 ,! l5g? is n[ tak5 f ! head ( ! book to ! tail1 & 9 ?is "s judgm5t mu/ be us$4 ,if ! book has already be5 cut ! measure mu/ be some:at l>g] ?an ! book1 all[+ only su* an am\nt ( pap] to be cut (f z w make ! edge smoo?4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! book is to #eg be entirely uncut1 ! size ( ! book is measur$1 & 9 addition ! portion call$ squ>es mu/ be add$4 ,:5 a book has n be5 cut1 ! am\nt t is to be cut (f ! head w give ! head or top squ>e1 & ! book be+ measur$ f ! head1 ano!r squ>e or projection mu/ be add$ to x1 & ! compass set to "o ( ! %orte/ leaves 9 ! book4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! article on trimm+1 en\gh ( ! book only %\ld be cut to give ! edge solidity = ei!r gild+ or m>bl+4 ,a few leaves %\ld always be left n cut ) ! pl\gh1 to %[ t ! book has n be5 cut d[n4 ,^! few leaves are call$ pro(1 & are always a m>k ( c>eful "w4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago x 0 ! mode to squ>e ! =$ge ( ! bo>ds1 !n lace or draw !m 91 & to cut ! head & tail ( ! bo>ds & book toge!r1 !n to turn up & cut ! =$ge ( ! book4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,,draw+-,,9 ,,& ,,press+4 ,! bo>ds hav+ be5 squ>$1 !y are to be atta*$ to ! book by lac+ ! ends ( ! cord ?r\gh holes made 9 ! bo>d4 ,! bo>ds are to be laid on ! book ) _! backs 9 ! groove & level ) ! head2 !y mu/ !n be m>k$ ei!r ) a lead p5cil or ! po9t ( a bodk9 exactly 9 a l9e ) ! slips1 ab\t half an in* d[n ! bo>d4 ,on a piece ( wood ! mill-bo>d is plac$1 & holes are pi]c$ by hamm]+ a %ort bodk9 ?r\gh on ! l9e made1 at a di/ance f ! edge 9 accordance ) ! size ( ! book4 ,ab\t half an in* away f ! back is ! "r di/ance = an #eh octavo4 ,! bo>d is !n to be turn$ ov]1 & a second hole made ab\t half an in* away f ! fir/ ones4 ,! bo>ds hav+ be5 hol$1 ! slips mu/ be scrap$1 pa/$ slightly1 & tap]$ or po9t$4 ,draw !m tightly ?r\gh ! hole fir/ made & back ?r\gh ! second4 ,tap !m slightly :5 ! bo>d is d[n to prev5t !m f slipp+ & gett+ loose4 ,:5 ! cords are drawn ?r\gh1 cut ! ends close to ! bo>d ) a knife1 & well hamm] !m d[n on ! knock+-d[n iron to make ! bo>d close on ! slips & hold !m tight4 ,! slips %\ld be well & c>efully hamm]$1 z any projection w be se5 ) great di/9ctness :5 ! book is cov]$4 ,! hamm] mu/ be held p]fectly ev51 = ! slips w be cut by ! edge ( x if us$ c>elessly4 ,! book is n[ to be exam9$1 & any little alt]ation may be made be=e putt+ x into ! /&+ press4 ,) all books1 a t9 %\ld be plac$ betwe5 ! mill-bo>d & book1 to flatt5 ! slips1 & prev5t _! adh]5ce4 ,! t9 is plac$ "r up to ! groove1 & s]ves also z a guide = ! press+ bo>d4 ,press+ bo>ds1 ! same size z ! book1 %\ld be put flu% ) ! groove1 us+ ! press+ t9 z guide1 & ! book or books plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! press directly "u ! screw1 :i* is to be tight5$ z mu* z possible4 ,9 press+ books ( v>i\s sizes1 ! l>ge/ book mu/ always be put at ! bottom ( ! press1 ) a block or a few press+ bo>ds betwe5 ! v>i\s sizes1 9 ord] to get equal pressure on ! :ole1 & to all[ ! screw to come exactly on ! c5tre ( ! books4 ,! backs ( ! books are n[ to be pa/$1 & all[$ to /& = a few m9utes to s(t5 ! glue4 ,!n ) a piece ( wood or iron1 call$ a clean+-(f /ick 7wood is pref]able71 ! glue is rubb$ (f1 & ! backs are well rubb$ ) a h&ful ( %av+s & left to dry4 ,leave !m z long z possible 9 ! press1 & if ! volume is #ei r a ?ick "o a coat ( pa/e or ?9 glue %\ld be appli$ to ! back4 ,pa/e is pref]able4 ,if ! book is v ?ick a piece ( ?9 calico may be pa/$ to ! back & all[$ to dry1 ! surplus be+ tak5 away aft]w>ds4 ,9 flexible "w c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! clean+-(f /ick is n =c$ too h>d aga9/ ! b&s1 or ! ?read be+ moi/ w break1 or ! pap] be+ wet w te>1 or ! b&s may become %ift$4 ,! clean+-(f /ick may be made ( any piece ( wood2 an old octavo cutt+ bo>d is z good z any?+ else1 b a good workman w always h "o suitable & at h& :5 requir$ = use4 ,:5 ! volumes h be5 press$ en\gh 7a day's press+ is none too mu*7 !y are to be tak5 out1 & ! t9s & press+ bo>ds put away4 ,! book is !n ready = cutt+4 ,( ! num]\s presses1 except+ ! hydraulic1 ,gregory's ,pat5t ,comp\nd ,action ,screw ,press is to my m9d ! be/1 & ,i believe x to be "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful presses yet inv5t$2 sixty tons pressure c be obta9$ by x4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,cutt+4 ,9 old5 times1 :5 our pres5t "w-tools did n exi/ & mat]ial aids 7 sc>ce1 a %>p knife & /raight edge =m$ ! only implem5ts us$ 9 cutt+4 ,n[ we h ! pl\gh & cutt+ ma*9e1 :i* h sup]s$$ ! knife & /raight edge2 & ! cutt+ ma*9e is n[ fa/ do+ away ) ! pl\gh4 ,!re are v few %ops at ! pres5t mom5t :]e a cutt+ #fj ma*9e is n 9 use1 9 fact ,i may say t1 )\t speak+ only ( clo? books1 = !y mu/ always be cut by ma*9]y ow+ to ! price n all[+ !m to be done o!rwise1 !re are v few books1 n ev5 except+ extra books1 t h escap$ ! cutt+ ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,cutt+ ,press & ,pl\gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,slid+ ,knife4 ,all cutt+ 8presses0 are us$ 9 ! same way4 ,! pl\gh runn+ ov] ! press1 its left *eek runn+ betwe5 two guides fa/5$ on ! left *eek ( ! press4 ,by turn+ ! screw ( ! pl\gh ! "r *eek is advanc$ t[>ds ! left2 ! knife fix$ on ! "r ( ! pl\gh is advanc$1 & ) ! po9t cuts gradually ?r\gh ! bo>ds or pap] secur$ 9 ! press1 z already describ$ 9 prep>+ ! bo>ds4 ,!re are two k9ds ( pl\ghs 9 use--9 "o ! knife is bolt$1 9 ! o!r ! knife slides 9 a dovetail groove--t]m$ respectively #fa 8bolt knife0 & 8slide knife40 ,! =w>d] w f9d t ! latt] is pref]able1 on acc\nt ( its facility ( action1 z any l5g? ( knife c be expos$ = cutt+4 ,b ) a bolt knife1 be+ fa/5$ to ! %oe ( ! pl\gh1 x is necess>ily a fixture1 & mu/ be worn d[n by cutt+ or squ>+ mill-bo>ds1 or su* "w1 be=e x c be us$ ) ! tru? necess>y = pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,bolt ,knife4 ,to cut a book prop]ly x mu/ be q /raight1 & ! knife mu/ be %>p & p]fectly true4 ,hav+ ?is 9 m9d1 ! book may be cut by plac+ ! front bo>d ! requisite di/ance f ! head t is to be cut (f4 ,a piece ( ?9 mill-bo>d or tr9dle is put betwe5 ! h9d bo>d & book1 s t ! knife :5 ?r\gh ! book may n cut ! bo>d4 ,! book is n[ to be l[]$ into ! cutt+ press1 ) ! back t[>ds ! workman1 until ! front bo>d is exactly on a level ) ! press4 ,! head ( ! book is n[ horizontal ) ! press1 & ! am\nt to be cut (f expos$ above x4 ,bo? sides %\ld be look$ to1 z ! book is v liable to get a twi/ 9 be+ put 9 ! press4 ,:5 x is q squ>e ! press is to be screw$ up tightly & ev5ly4 ,ea* end %\ld be screw$ up to exactly ! same tightness1 = if "o end is loose ! pap] w be jagg$ or torn in/ead ( be+ cut cleanly4 ,! book is cut by draw+ ! pl\gh g5tly to & fro2 ea* "t x is br\ght t[>ds ! workman a slight am\nt ( turn is giv5 to ! screw ( ! pl\gh4 ,if too mu* turn is giv5 to ! screw1 ! knife w bite too deeply into ! pap] & w te> in/ead ( cutt+ x4 ,if ! knife has n be5 prop]ly %>p5$1 or has a burr #fb ^u its edge1 x w be c]ta9 to cause ridges on ! pap]4 ,! top edge be+ cut1 ! book is tak5 out ( ! press & ! tail cut4 ,a m>k is made on ! top ( ! h9d or back bo>d j d\ble ! size ( ! squ>e1 & ! bo>d is l[]$ until ! m>k is on a level ) ! cut top4 ,! book is aga9 put into ! press1 ) ! back t[>ds ! workman1 until ! bo>d is flu% ) ! *eek ( ! press2 ?is w expose above ! press ! am\nt to be tak5 (f f ! tail1 z be=e describ$1 & ! left h& bo>d w be1 if put level ) ! cut top1 exactly ! same di/ance above ! press z ! "r b& bo>d is bel[ ! cut top4 ,! tail is cut 9 ! same way z ! top edge4 ,to cut a book prop]ly requires great c>e4 ,x w be ( great importance to acquire a me?odical exactness 9 work+ ! diff]5t bran*es1 cutt+ especially4 ,always lay a book d[n "o way & take x up ano!r1 & 9 cutt+ always "w ) ! back ( ! book t[>ds y1 & cut f y4 ,give ! turn to ! screw ( ! pl\gh z x is ?ru/ f y1 or y w pull away a "p ( ! back in/ead ( cutt+ x4 ,illu/ration3 ,section ( ,book & ,press1 book p>tly cut4 ,9 cutt+ ! =$ge1 to :i* we mu/ n[ come1 always h ! head ( ! book t[>ds y1 s t if n cut /raight y "k exactly :]e ! fault lies4 ,! =$ge is m>k$ bo? back & front ( ! book by plac+ a cutt+ bo>d "u ! fir/ two or ?ree leaves z a support2 ! mill-bo>d is !n press$ firmly into ! groove & a l9e is drawn or a hole is pi]c$ head & tail1 ! =$ge ( ! bo>d be+ us$ z a guide4 ,! book is n[ knock$ ) its back on ! press q flat1 & tr9dles 7flat pieces ( /eel 9 ! %ape ( an elongat$ ,u1 ab\t #a-a_/b in* wide & #c or #d in*es long1 ) a slot ne>ly ! :ole l5g?7 are plac$ betwe5 ! bo>ds & book by lett+ ! bo>ds fall back f ! book & !n pass+ "o tr9dle at ! head1 ! o!r at #fc tail1 all[+ ! top & bottom slip to g 9 ! grooves ( ! tr9dles4 ,! object ( ?is is to =ce ! back up q flat1 & by hold+ ! book :5 ! cut-aga9/ & runn] is on x1 support$ by ! o!r h& "u ! bo>ds1 x c be at once se5 if ! book is /raight or n4 ,! cut-aga9/ mu/ be put q flu% ) ! holes on ! left ( ! book1 & ! runn] ! di/ance "u ! holes t ! am\nt ( squ>e is int5d$ to be4 ,! book be+ l[]$ into ! press1 ! runn] is put flu% ) ! *eek ( ! press & ! cut-aga9/ j ! same di/ance above ! press z ! runn] is bel[ ! holes4 ,! tr9dles mu/ be tak5 out f ! book :5 #fd ! cutt+ bo>ds are 9 _! prop] place1 & ! mill-bo>ds w !n fall d[n4 ,! book & cutt+ bo>ds mu/ be held v tightly or !y w slip &1 if ! book has be5 l[]$ into ! press accurately1 ev]y?+ w be q squ>e4 ,! press mu/ n[ be screw$ up tightly1 & ! =$ge pl\gh$2 :5 ! book is tak5 out ( ! press x w resume its orig9al r\nd+1 ! =$ge w h ! same curve z ! back1 & if cut truly !re w be a prop] squ>e all r\nd ! edges4 ,?is me?od is kn[n z 8cutt+ 9 bo>ds40 ,if ! amateur or workman has a set ( "s good "w :i* he wi%es to b9d uni=mly1 b :i* has already be5 cut to diff]5t sizes1 & he does n wi% to cut ! l>ge ones d[n to ! small] size1 he mu/ n draw ! small ones 91 z he may possibly n be able to pull ! bo>ds d[n ! requir$ dep? to cut ! book1 b he mu/ leave ! bo>ds loose1 cut ! head & tail1 !n draw ! bo>ds 91 & turn up & cut ! =$ge4 8,cutt+ out ( bo>ds0 is by a diff]5t me?od4 ,! =$ge is cut be=e glu+ up1 if = cas+1 tak+ ! size f ! case1 f ! back to ! edge ( ! bo>d 9 ! =$ge4 ,! book is !n glu$ up1 r\nd$1 & put into ! press = half an h\r1 j to set x4 ,! size is aga9 tak5 f ! case1 all[+ = squ>es head & tail4 ,! book hav+ be5 m>k$ is cut1 & !n back$4 ,clo? cases are made = mo/ p]iodicals1 & may be procur$ f _! publi%]s at a trifl+ co/1 :i* v>ies accord+ to ! size ( ! book & ! am\nt ( block+ t is ^u !m4 ,?is me?od ( cutt+ out ( bo>ds is adopt$ 9 _m ( ! *eap %ops 7ev5 lea!r %ops74 ,x is a me?od1 h[ev]1 n to be comm5d$4 ,to te/ if ! book be cut true x is only necess>y to turn ! top leaf back level to ! back ( ! book & #fe ev5 at ! head2 if x be ! slighte/ bit untrue x w at once be se54 ,illu/ration3 ,cutt+ ,ma*9e4 ,a few words ab\t ! v>i\s cutt+ ma*9es t are 9 ! m>ket4 ,ea* mak] pr(esses 8 ma*9e ! be/4 ,9 "s ! knife moves ) a diagonal motion1 9 o!rs ) a horizontal motion4 ,! pr9ciple ( all ^! ma*9es is ! same3 ! books are plac$ to a gauge1 ! top is l[]$ & clamps #ff ! book1 &1 on ! ma*9e be+ />t$1 ! knife desc5ds & cuts ?r\gh ! pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,regi/]$ ,cutt+ ,ma*9e4 ,ano!r ma*9e by ,h>rild & ,son1 call$ a regi/]$ cutt+ ma*9e1 is "h illu/rat$4 ,its op]ation is on ! same pr9ciple z a ly+ press1 ! diff]5ce be+1 t ?is has a table ^u :i* ! "w is plac$2 a gauge is plac$ at ! back s t ! "w may be plac$ aga9/ x = accuracy1 ! top beam is !n screw$ d[n & ! pap] pl\gh$4 ,a great am\nt ( "w may be accompli%$ ) ?is ma*9e1 & to anyone t _c af=d an ord9>y cutt+ ma*9e ?is w be f\nd invaluable4 #fg ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,col\r+ ,,! ,,edges4 ,! edges ( e book mu/ be 9 keep+ ) ! b9d+4 ,a half roan book %\ld n h an exp5sive edge1 nei!r a :ole b\nd morocco book a spr9kl$ edge4 ,/ill1 no rule has be5 laid d[n 9 ?is p>ticul>1 & ta/e %\ld regulate ?is z x mu/ 9 o!r bran*es4 ,! ta/e ( ! public is s *angeable t x is impossible to lay d[n any rule1 & ,i leave my read] to 8 own discretion4 ,"h are v>i\s ways 9 :i* ! edges may be col\r$4 ,spr9kl$ ,edges4--,mo/ %ops h a col\r always ready1 usually a r$di% br[n1 :i* !y use = ! :ole ( _! spr9kl$ edge books4 ,! col\r c be pur*as$ at any oil %op4 ,a mixture ( burnt umb] & r$ o*re is g5]ally us$4 ,! two p[d]s mu/ be well mix$ toge!r 9 a mort> ) pa/e1 a few drops ( sweet oil1 & wat]4 ,! col\r may be te/$ by spr9kl+ "s on a piece ( :ite pap]1 all[+ x to dry1 & !n burni%+ x4 ,if ! col\r p[d]s or rubs1 x is ei!r too ?ick1 or has n en\gh pa/e 9 x4 ,if ! =m]1 "s wat] mu/ be add$2 if ! latt]1 m pa/e3 & x w p]haps be bett] if ! :ole is pass$ ?r\gh a clo? to rid x ( any co>se p>ticles4 ,! books may be spr9kl$ s z to resemble a k9d ( m>ble by us+ two or ?ree diff]5t col\rs4 ,= in/ance1 ! book is put 9 ! ly+ press & a little s& is /rewn ^u ! edge 9 small m\nds4 ,!n ) a gre5 col\r a mod]ate #fh spr9kle is giv54 ,aft] all[+ x to dry1 m s& is put on 9 v>i\s places1 a d>k spr9kle ( br[n is put on1 & ! :ole all[$ to dry4 ,:5 ! s& is %ak5 (f1 ! edge w be :ite :]e ! fir/ s& 0 dropp$1 gre5 :]e ! second1 & ! re/ br[n4 ,a col\r ( two %ades may be made by us+ s&1 !n a mod]ately d>k br[n spr9kl$1 !n m s&1 & la/ly a deep] %ade ( same col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,spr9kl+ ,bru% & ,sieve4 ,!re are a few ( ! 8,old ,b9d]s0 :o /ill use :at is call$ ! 8f+] bru%10 a small bru% ab\t ! size ( a %av+ bru%1 made ( /iff bri/les cut squ>ely4 ,!y dip x into ! col\r1 & !n by draw+ ! f+] across x j]k ! col\r ov] ! edge4 ,ano!r me?od is to use a l>g] bru%1 :i* be+ dipp$ 9 ! col\r is beat5 on a /ick or press-p9 until ! desir$ am\nt ( spr9kle is obta9$4 ,b ! be/ plan is to use a nail bru% & a common wire c9d] sift]4 ,dip ! bru% 9 ! col\r & rub x 9 a circul> direction ov] ! c9d] sift]4 ,?is mode has ! satisfactory result ( do+ ! "w quick]1 f9]1 & m uni=mly4 ,! head1 =$ge & tail mu/ be ( exactly ! same %ade1 & "o end mu/ n h m spr9kle on x ?an ! o!r1 & a set ( books %\ld h _! edges precisely alike 9 tone & col\r4 ,col\rs = ,spr9kl+4--,to give an acc\nt ( h[ ! v>i\s col\rs are made t 7 =m]ly us$ w\ld be only wa/e ( "t1 z s _m dyes & col\rs t #fi answ] all purposes may be pur*as$ ready = in/ant use4 ,i may ) safety recomm5d ,judson's dyes dilut$ ) wat]4 ,pla9 ,col\r+4--,! col\r hav+ be5 well gr\nd is to be mix$ ) pa/e & a little oil1 or :at is p]haps bett]1 glaire & oil4 ,!n ) a sponge or ) a bru% col\r ! :ole ( ! edge4 ,9 col\r+ ! =$ge ! book %\ld be drawn back s z to =m a slope ( ! edge1 s t :5 ! book is op5$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( col\r w /ill be se54 ,x is (t5 necess>y to give ! edges two coats ( col\r1 b ! fir/ mu/ be q dry be=e ! second is appli$4 ,a v good effect may be produc$ by fir/ col\r+ ! edge yell[1 & :5 dry1 aft] ?r[+ on rice1 se$s1 pieces ( ?read1 f]n leaves1 or any?+ else accord+ to fancy1 !n spr9kl+ ) "s o!r d>k col\r4 ,= ?is class ( "w body spr9kl+ col\r %\ld always be us$4 ,x may be v>i$ 9 _m diff]5t ways4 ,m>bl$ ,edges4--,! edges ( m>bl$ books %\ld 9 almo/ e in/ance correspond ) _! m>bl$ ends4 ,9 ,london v few b9d]s m>ble _! own "w1 b s5d x out ( ! h\se to ! ,m>bl]s1 :o d no?+ else b make m>bl$ edges & pap]4 ,"o _c d bett] ?an s5d "o's books to be m>bl$2 x w co/ only a few p5ce1 :i* w be well sp5t 9 avoid+ ! tr\ble & dirt t m>bl+ occasions2 nev]!less ,i w endeav\r to expla92 x is1 h[ev]1 a process t may seem v easy1 b is v difficult to execute prop]ly4 ,! requisites are a long squ>e wood5 or z9c tr\gh ab\t #b in*es deep to hold ! size = ! col\rs to float on2 ! dim5sions to be regulat$ by ! "w to be done4 ,ab\t #af to #bj in*es long & #f to #h in*es wide w probably be l>ge en\gh4 ,v>i\s col\rs are us$1 su* z lake1 rose1 v]milion1 k+'s yell[1 yell[ o*re1 #gj ,prussian blue1 indigo1 "s gre51 flake :ite1 & lamp black4 ,! bru%es = ! v>i\s col\rs %\ld be ( mod]ate size1 & ea* pot ( col\r mu/ h its own bru%4 ,small /one j>s are conv5i5t = ! col\rs1 & a slab ( m>ble & mull] to gr9d !m mu/ be provid$4 ,! combs may be made ) pieces ( brass wire ab\t two in*es long1 ins]t$ into a piece ( wood2 sev]al ( ^! w be requir$ ) ! tee? at diff]5t di/ances1 accord+ to ! wid? ( ! patt]n requir$ to be produc$4 ,sev]al diff]5t siz$ burni%]s1 flat & r\nd1 w be requir$ = giv+ a gloss to ! "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>bl+ ,tr\gh4 ,! fir/ process 9 m>bl+ is ! prep>ation ( ! size on :i* ! col\rs are to be float$4 ,?is is a solution ( gum tragacan?1 or z x is commonly call$1 gum dragon4 ,if ! gum is plac$ ov] night 9 ! quantity ( wat] necess>y x w g5]ally be f\nd dissolv$ by ! morn+4 ,! quantity ( gum necess>y to give prop] consi/5cy to ! size is simply to be le>n$ by exp]i5ce1 & _c be describ$2 & ! solution mu/ always be filt]$ ?r\gh musl9 or a l95 clo? be=e use4 ,! col\rs mu/ be gr\nd on ! m>ble slab ) a little wat]1 z f9e z possible2 move ! col\r f "t to "t into ! c5tre ( ! m>ble ) a palette knife1 & z ! wat] evaporates add a little m4 ,ab\t "o oz4 ( col\r w suffice to gr9d at once1 & x w take ab\t two h\rs to d x prop]ly4 ,hav+ ev]y?+ at h& & ready1 ) ! size 9 #ga ! tr\gh1 & wat] ne>1 ! top ( ! size is to be c>efully tak5 (f ) a piece ( wood ! exact wid? ( ! tr\gh1 & ! col\r be+ well mix$ ) wat] & a few drops ( ox gall1 a little is tak5 9 ! bru%1 & a few v f9e spots are ?r[n on4 ,if ! col\r does n spread out1 b r s9ks d[n1 a few m drops ( gall mu/ be c>efully add$ & well mix$ up4 ,! top ( ! size mu/ be tak5 (f z be=e describ$1 & ! col\r aga9 ?r[n on4 ,if x does n !n spread out1 ! gr\nd or size is ( too ?ick consi/5cy1 & "s clean wat] mu/ be add$1 & ! :ole well mix$4 ,if ! col\r aga9 ?r[n on spreads out1 b looks r greyi% or spotty1 !n ! col\r is too ?ick1 & a little wat] mu/ be add$1 b v c>efully1 le/ x be made too ?94 ,if ! col\r /ill assumes a greyi% appe>ance :5 ?r[n on1 !n ! fault lies 9 ! gr9d+1 & x mu/ be dri$ & aga9 gr\nd4 ,:5 ! col\r1 on be+ ?r[n on1 spreads out 9 v l>ge spots1 ! gr\nd or size is too ?9 & a little ?ick] size %\ld be add$4 ,n[1 if ! consi/5cy or ! am\nt ( gum wat] be notic$1 by always us+ ! same quantity ! m>bl] _c fail to be "r4 ,if ! col\rs appe> all "r on ! tr\gh1 & :5 tak5 (f on a slip ( pap] adh]e to x1 ! size & col\rs are 9 p]fect work+ ord]4 ,! top ( ! size mu/ always be tak5 (f ) ! piece ( wood be=e comm5c+ "w1 s t x be kept clean1 & ! col\rs mu/ always be well %ak5 out ( ! bru% into ! pot be=e spr9kl+1 s t ! spots may n be too l>ge4 ,! m>bl] mu/ always be guid$ by ! patt]n he wi%es to produce1 & by a little ?\ght he w get ov] _m difficulties t appe> ( great] magnitude ?an !y really are4 ,spot ,m>ble4--,! size is fir/ to be spr9kl$ ) a #gb d>k col\r1 & ?is is always t]m$ ! 8gr\nd col\r10 !n ! o!r col\rs2 be>+ 9 m9d t ! col\r t has ! mo/ gall w spread or pu% ! o!rs away1 & ?is col\r %\ld 9 spot m>bl+ be put on la/4 ,) v little v>iation all ! o!r k9ds ( m>bl+ are done2 b 9 e case :]e !re are m books or %eets ( pap] to be done ( ! same patt]n ?an ! tr\gh w take at once1 ! same ord] ( col\rs mu/ be kept1 & ! same proportion ( ea*1 or "o book w be ( "o col\r & ! second entirely diff]5t4 ,comb or ,nonp>eil ,m>ble4--,! col\rs are to be ?r[n on z be=e1 b z f9e z possible4 ,!n if a piece ( wood or wire be drawn backw>ds & =w>ds across ! tr\gh1 ! col\rs1 ?r\gh ! di/urbance ( ! size1 w foll[ ! motion ( ! /ick4 ,a comb is !n to be drawn ! :ole l5g? ( ! tr\gh 9 a contr>y direction4 ,! wire 9 ! comb w draw ! col\r1 & ?us w be produc$ :at is t]m$ comb or nonp>eil m>ble4 ,! size or wid? ( ! tee? ( ! comb w v>y ! size ( ! m>ble4 ,spani% ,m>ble4--,! gr\nd col\r is to be ?r[n on r heavily1 ! o!rs light]1 & ! wavy appe>ance is caus$ by g5tly draw+ ! pap] 9 j]ks ov] ! m>ble1 ?us caus+ ! col\r to =m small ripples4 ,a few drops ( turp5t9e put 9 ! col\rs w give !m a diff]5t effect1 viz41--caus+ ! small :ite spots t appe> on ! %ell m>ble4 ,!re are v>i\s patt]ns1 ea* be+ kn[n by "n3 old ,dut*1 nonp>eil1 antique1 curl1 ,spani%1 %ell4 ,an appr5tice w\ld d well to g to "s respectable %op & ask = a %eet or two ( ! v>i\s k9ds m5tion$1 & z ea* patt]n is giv5 to him1 write ! "n on ! back1 & always keep x z a patt]n = future use & ref]5ce4 #gc ,edges are m>bl$1 aft] mak+ ! desir$ patt]n on ! tr\gh by hold+ ! book firmly1 press+ ! edge on ! col\r & lift+ x up %>ply4 ,! =$ge mu/ be made flat by knock+ ! book on its back1 b ! m>bl] _h bett] tie 8 book betwe5 a pair ( back+ bo>ds1 s t x may n slip1 especially ) l>ge books4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 ) books t h _m plates1 or if ! pap] is at all ( a spongy nature or unsiz$4 ,if a little cold wat] be ?r[n on ! edges x w cause ! col\rs to set bett]4 ,9 m>bl+ writ+ pap]1 a sponge ) a little alum wat] %\ld be us$ to take (f ! gloss or %9e f ! edge1 occasion$ by ! cutt+ knife1 & to assi/ ! m>bl+ col\r to take bett]4 ,pap] is m>bl$ 9 ! same way by hold+ x at two corn]s2 !n g5tly putt+ x on ! col\r & press+ x ev5ly1 b g5tly all ov]1 s t ! col\r may take on e "p4 ,x mu/ be lift$ c>efully1 z ! lea/ %ake by di/urb+ ! size w spoil ! regul>ity ( ! patt]n4 ,pap] %\ld be damp$ ov] night & left ) a weight on ! top4 ,:5 ! pap] has be5 m>bl$ & is dry1 a rag ) a little bee's wax or soap %\ld be rubb$ ov] x1 s t ! burni%] may n /ick1 & may give a f9] gloss2 ?is applies also to ! edges 9 burni%+4 ,m>ble pap] manufactur]s burni% ! pap] ) a piece ( poli%$ fl9t or glass fix$ 9 a long pole work+ 9 a socket at ! top1 ! o!r end re/+ on a table :i* is slightly holl[$1 s t ! segm5t ( ! circle :i* ! fl9t takes is exactly t ( ! holl[ table4 ,! pap] is laid on ! holl[ table1 & ! burni%] is work$ backw>ds & =w>ds until ! desir$ gloss is atta9$4 ,by ! be/ & late/ me?od1 ! pap] is pass$ betwe5 highly poli%$ cyl9d]s4 ,x is m exp5sive1 on acc\nt ( ! co/ ( ! ma*9]y1 b insures sup]ior effect4 ,a great deal ( pap] is n[ be+ made by means ( a #gd me*anical process4 ,x has a v high gloss2 x is us$ on v *eap "w4 ,siz+4--,pap] %\ld be always siz$ aft] be+ m>bl$4 ,! size is made by dissolv+ "o p\nd ( be/ glue 9 five gallons ( wat] ) half a p\nd ( be/ :ite soap4 ,?is is put into a copp] ov] night1 & on a l[ fire ! next morn+1 keep+ x con/antly /irr$ to prev5t burn+4 ,:5 q dissolv$ & hot x is pass$ ?r\gh a clo? into a tr\gh1 & ea* %eet pass$ ?r\gh ! liquor & hung up to dry2 :5 dry1 burni% z above4 ,b x w be f> *eap] to buy ! pap]1 r ?an make x at ! co/ ( m "t ?an w be pr(itable4 ,! *>ge = demy size is at ! rate ( #bjs4 to #ies4 p] ream1 accord+ to ! quality & col\r2 b to ^? to :om money is no object1 & :o w\ld pref] to make _! own m>bl$ pap]1 ,i hope ! =ego+ explanation w be explicit en\gh4 ,! 8,engli% ,me*anic10 ,m>* #ag?1 #ahga1 has ! foll[+ me?od ( transf]r+ ! patt]n f ord9>y m>ble pap] to ! edges ( books3-- 8,r+ ! book up tightly 9 ! press1 ! edge to be z flat z possible2 cut /rips ( ! be/ m>ble pap] ab\t "o in* long] ?an ! edge1 make a pad ( old pap] l>g] ?an ! edge ( ! book1 & ab\t a qu>t] in* ?ick2 !n get a piece ( blott+ pap] & a sponge ) a little wat] 92 n[ p\r on a plate suffici5t spirits ( salts 7muriatic acid7 to saturate ! pap]1 :i* mu/ be plac$ m>ble side d[nw>ds on ! _s 7n dipp$ 9 x72 :5 soak$ put x on ! edge 7:i* has be5 previ\sly damp$ ) a sponge71 lay y\r blot pap] on x1 !n y\r pad1 n[ rap x sm>tly all ov]1 take (f ! pad & blot1 & look if ! "w is "r1 if s1 take ! book out & %ake ! m>ble pap] (f2 :5 dry burni%40 ,at a lecture deliv]$ at ! ,society ( ,arts1 ,janu>y1 #ge #ahgh1 by ,mr4 ,wooln\gh1 a practical m>bl]1 ! :ole process ( m>bl+ 0 expla9$4 ,mr4 ,wooln\gh has s9ce publi%$ an enl>g$ treatise on m>bl+1#f & "o t %\ld comm& ! att5tion ( ! trade4 ,a copy ( ! ,society's j\rnal c be _h1 describ+ ! process1 ,no4 #a1cad1 vol4 ,,xxvi41 & w be ( great s]vice to any read]1 b 8 "w is m exhau/ive4 #f ,george ,bell & ,sons1 ,york ,/reet1 ,cov5t ,g>d54 ,illu/ration3 ,leo's ,me*anical ,m>bl]s4 ,a transf] m>ble pap] may n[ be _h1 & f examples s5t me ! process seems fairly workable4 ,! foll[+ is ! me?od ( work+ s5t by ! import]s ( ! pap]3-- 8,place ! book 9 ! press4 ,! book edge :i* is to be m>bl$ has to be rubb$ ) pure spirits ( w9e2 ! dry /rip ( transf] m>ble is !n to be put on ! edge4 ,! :ite back or rev]se side1 :il/ be+ press$ h>d aga9/ ! book edge1 is to be moi/5$ c>efully ) boil+ wat]1 by dabb+ a saturat$ sponge on x2 ?is dabb+ process to be cont9u$ s long till ! col\r w %[ ?r\gh ! :ite back--a pro( t x is loos5$ f ! pap]4 ,!n remove ! :ite pap]1 & let ! edge dry sl[ly4 ,:5 q dry burni%40 ,illu/ration3 ,leo's ,me*anical ,m>bl]s4 ,ano!r inv5tion is to m>ble ! edges by means ( "o or m roll]s4 ,! top roll] or roll]s holds ! col\r1 :i* is di/ribut$ on ! "u roll]s2 ^!1 9 turn1 ink ! edge on be+ pass$ ov] x4 ,! books are naturally held 9 ! press :il/ ?is is be+ done4 #gf ,illu/ration3 ,cut f ,book 8,s*ool ( ,arts10 #agej4 ,f a book1 ! 8,s*ool ( ,arts10 ?ird edition1 #agej1 :i* has a *apt] on m>bl+1 ! foll[+1 ) cut1 is tak53-- 8,:5 ?us y h y\r col\rs & all ?+s 9 good ord]1 !n take a p5cil1 or ! end ( a fea!r1 & spr9kle or put fir/ y\r r$ col\r2 !n ! blue1 yell[1 gre51 etc4 ,beg9 y\r r$ f ,no4 #a1 & g along y\r tr\gh to ,no4 #b1 also ! blue f ,no4 #c1 all along to ,no4 #d2 ! yell[ & gre5 put "h & !re 9 ! vacant places4 ,!n ) a bodk9 or a small skew] draw a sort ( a s]p5t9e figure ?r\gh ! col\rs1 beg9n+ f ,no4 #a to ,no4 #b2 :5 ?is is done1 !n take y\r comb & draw ! same /raight along f #gg ,no4 #a to ,no4 #b4 ,if y h "s turn+s or snail "w on y\r pap]1 !n ) a bodk9 give ! col\rs :at turns y please4 7,see ! plate47 ,illu/ration3 ,leo's ,m>bl+ ,set4 8,?us f> y are ready 9 ord] to lay on y\r pap]1 :i* mu/ be moi/5$ ! day be=e1 9 ! same mann] z book-pr9t]s d _! pap] = pr9t+2 take a %eet at a "t1 lay x g5tly ^u y\r col\rs 9 ! tr\gh1 press x slightly ) y\r f+] d[n 9 su* places :]e y f9d ! pap] lies holl[2 ?is done1 take hold at "o end ( ! pap]1 & draw x up at ! o!r end ( ! tr\gh2 hang x up to dry on a cord2 :5 dry1 glaze x1 & x is done4 ,y may also embelli% y\r pap] ) /reaks ( gold1 by apply+ mussel gold or silv]1 temp]$ ) gum wat]1 among ! re/ ( ! col\rs40 ,?is la/ p>agraph %[s t ! gold ve9 :i* is n[ 9 su* dem& is really ov] #aej ye>s old4 ,messrs4 ,leo1 ( ,/uttg>t1 h put toge!r a complete m>bl+ app>atus1 conta9+ col\rs1 gall1 cups1 combs1 /icks1 filt]1 bru%es1 etc41 ! :ole 9 a box4 ,to a small c\ntry bookb9d] ?is is indisp5sable4 #gh ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,gilt ,,edges4 ,a gilt edge is ! mo/ elegant ( all modes ( ornam5t+ edges1 & ?is bran* ( bookb9d+ has f "t to "t be5 s greatly ext5d$1 t at ! pres5t day !re are _m ways 9 :i* a book may h ! edges gilt2 b "s me?ods are n pursu$1 ei!r f ignorance on ! b9d]'s "p1 or ) a view to save exp5se4 ,fir/ we h ! 8pla9 gilt10 !n 8gilt 9 ! r\nd02 !n aga9 "s col\r "u ! gold1 = in/ance1 8gilt on r$10 or :atev] ! col\r may be1 r$ be+ mo/ly us$1 especially = religi\s books4 ,"s edges are 8tool$10 & "s h a gilt edge ) l&scape or sc5e appropriate to ! book pa9t$ on ! edge1 only to be se5 :5 ! book is op5$4 8,m>bl+ "u gilt0 may also be us$ ) good effect2 b /ill bett] 8m>bl+ on gilt40 ,! room :]e gilt edge "w is done %\ld be nei!r dirty nor draughty1 & ! necess>y mat]ials are3-- #a/4 ,! ,gold ,cu%ion4--,?is may be pur*as$ ready = use1 or if ! b9d] wi%es to make "o1 x may be done by cov]+ a piece ( wood1 ab\t #ab in*es by #f1 ) a piece ( :ite calf1 ! r\gh side outw>ds1 & padd+ x ) blott+ pap] & clo?4 ,! pieces und]nea? %\ld be cut a little small] ?an ! upp] "o1 s t x w =m a bevel at ! edge1 b q flat on ! top4 ,! calf to be neatly nail$ all r\nd ! edge4 ,if ! pile ( ! lea!r is too r\gh1 x c be r$uc$ ) a piece ( pumice /one1 by rubb+ ! /one on ! calf ) a circul> motion4 #gi #bnd4 ,gold ,knife4--,?is %\ld be a long knife ( ?9 /eel1 ! blade ab\t "o to "o & a half in* wide4 #crd4 ,burni%]s4--,^! are made ( agate /one1 & c be pur*as$ ( any size4 ,a flat "o1 & two or ?ree r\nd ones1 w be f\nd suffici5t4 ,!y %\ld h a v high poli%4 #d?4 ,glaire ,wat] or ,size4--,! :ite ( an egg & a tea-cup full ( wat] are well beat5 toge!r1 until ! album5 is p]fectly dissolv$4 ,x mu/ !n be all[$ to /& = "s h\rs to settle1 aft] :i* x %\ld be /ra9$ ?r\gh a piece ( l95 :i* has be5 wa%$2 old l95 is !re=e pref]r$ to new4 #e?4 ,scrap]s4--,pieces ( /eel ) ! edge or burr made to turn up by rubb+ ! edge flat ov] a bodk9 or o!r /eel in/rum5t1 s t :5 appli$ to ! edge a ?9 %av+ ( pap] is tak5 (f4 ,! beauty ( gild+ dep5ds greatly on prop] & ev5 scrap+4 #f?4 ,! ,gold ,leaf4--,?is is b\ght 9 books1 ! price accord+ to quality2 mo/ ( ! *eap gold comes f ,g]many4 ,i recomm5d ! use ( ! be/ gold t c be _h2 x be+ 9 ! end ! *eape/1 z *eap gold turns black by ! action ( ! atmosph]e 9 c\rse ( "t4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ ! gold#g is by mak+ an alloy3 gold ) silv] or copp]4 ,x is drawn out into a wire ( ab\t six in*es 9 l5g?1 & by be+ pass$ aga9 betwe5 /eel roll]s is made into a ribbon4 ,?is ribbon is !n cut into squ>es & plac$ betwe5 vellum leaves1 ab\t f\r or five in*es squ>e1 & beat5 ) a hamm] some:at l our beat+ hamm]1 until ! gold has exp&$ to ! size ( ! vellum4 ,! gold is aga9 cut up into squ>es ( ab\t "o in*1 & aga9 #hj int]leav$2 b gold-beat]s' sk9 is n[ us$ in/ead ( vellum2 & s by cont9ual beat+ & cutt+ up1 ! prop] ?ickness is arriv$ at4 ,if ! gold is held up to ! light1 x w be f\nd to be beat5 s ?9 t x is ne>ly transp>5t1 al?\gh :5 laid on any object x is ( suffici5t ?ickness to hide ! surface und]nea?4 ,x has be5 e/imat$ t ! ?ickness ( ! gold leaf is only #a_/bhjjjj ( an in*4 #g ,al?\gh ?is has practically no?+ to d ) ! art ( bookb9d+1 x is always advisable = a workman to "k some?+ ab\t ! tools & mat]ials he uses4 ,to gild ! edges1 ! book %\ld be put into ! press /raight & on a level ) ! *eeks ( ! press betwe5 cutt+ bo>ds1 ! bo>ds ( ! book be+ ?r[n back4 ,! press %\ld be screw$ up v tightly1 & any projection ( ! cutt+ bo>ds %\ld be tak5 away ) a *isel4 ,if ! pap] is unsiz$ or at all spongy1 ! edge %\ld be siz$ & left to dry4 ,?is may be asc]ta9$ by wett+ a leaf ) ! tongue3 if spongy1 ! moi/ure w s9k ?r\gh z 9 blott+ pap]4 ,! edge %\ld be scrap$ q flat & p]fectly ev51 c>e be+ tak5 to scrape e "p equally1 or "o "p ( ! edge w be holl[ or p]haps "o side scrap$ d[n1 & ?is w make "o squ>e l>g] ?an ! o!r4 ,:5 scrap$ q smoo?ly & ev5ly1 a mixture ( black lead & ?9 glaire wat] is pa9t$ ov] ! edge1 & ) a h>d bru% x is well bru%$ until dry4 ,! gold %\ld n[ be cut on ! gold cu%ion4 ,lift a leaf out ( ! book ) ! gold knife1 lay x on ! gold cu%ion1 & brea! g5tly on ! c5tre ( ! leaf to lay x flat2 x c !n be cut ) p]fect ease to any size4 ,! edge is n[ to be glair$ ev5ly1 & ! gold tak5 up ) a piece ( pap] previ\sly greas$ by draw+ x ov] ! head4 ,! gold is !n g5tly laid on ! edge1 :i* has be5 previ\sly glair$4 ,! :ole edge or end be+ done1 x is all[$ to get p]fectly dry1 :i* w occupy "s two h\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,book-edge ,burni%]s4 ,be=e us+ ! burni%] on ! gold itself1 "s gild]s #ha lay a piece ( f9e pap] on ! gold & g5tly flatt5 x ) ! burni%]4 ,books are (t5 treat$ 9 ?is mann]1 !y !n become 8dull gilt40 ,:5 int5d$ to be bright1 a wax$ clo? %\ld be g5tly rubb$ ov] ! surface two or ?ree times be=e us+ ! burni%]4 ,! beauty ( burni%+ dep5ds ^u ! edge pres5t+ a solid & uni=m metallic surface1 )\t any m>ks ( ! burni%]4 ,! mann] ( burni%+ is to hold a flat burni%]1 :]e ! surface is flat1 firmly 9 ! "r h& ) ! end ( ! h&le on ! %\ld]1 to get bett] lev]age4 ,"w ! burni%] backw>ds & =w>ds ) a p]fectly ev5 pressure on e "p4 ,:5 bo? ends are f9i%$1 ! =$ge is to be proce$$ )1 by mak+ x p]fectly flat4 ,x is bett] to tie ! book1 to prev5t x slipp+ back4 ,! =$ge is to be gilt exactly 9 ! same mann] z ! ends2 x w ( c\rse return to its prop] r\nd :5 releas$ f ! press4 ,?is is done ) all books 9 ! ord9>y way1 b if ! book is to h an extra edge1 x is done 8solid0 or 89 ! r\nd40 ,= ?is way ! book mu/ be put into ! press ) its prop] r\nd1 )\t flatt5+ x1 & scrap$ 9 t position ) scrap]s correspond+ ) ! r\nd+4 ,! greate/ c>e mu/ be tak5 9 ?is k9d ( scrap+ t ! sides #hb are n scrap$ away1 or ! squ>es w be made ei!r too l>ge or lop-sid$4 ,gilt on ,r$4--,! edges are col\r$ by fann+ !m out z expla9$ 9 col\r+ edges1 & :5 dry1 gilt 9 ! usual way2 n q su* a /rong size w be want$1 ?r\gh !re be+ a gr\nd 9 ! col\r2 nor mu/ any black lead be us$4 ,! edges %\ld 9 ?is process be scrap$ fir/1 !n col\r$ & gilt 9 ! usual way4 ,tool$ ,edges4--,! book is to be gilt z usual1 !n :ile 9 ! press /amp$ or work$ ov] ) tools t are ( "s op5 "*2 ^? ( f9e "w be+ pref]able4 ,"s design %\ld be foll[$ out accord+ to ! fancy ( ! workman4 ,! tools mu/ be w>m$ slightly s t ! impression may be firm2 ! =$ge %\ld be done fir/4 ,ano!r me?od is to tool ! edge be=e burni%+1 or ! diff]5t portions ( ! tool+ may be s manag$ 9 burni%+ t "s p>ts w be left bright & /&+ 9 relief on ! unburni%$ or dead surface4 ,pa9t$ ,edges4--,! edge is to fann$ out & ti$ betwe5 bo>ds1 & :il/ 9 t position "s l&scape or o!r sc5e1 ei!r tak5 f ! book itself or appropriate to ! subject ( x1 pa9t$ on ! =$ge1 & :5 q dry x is gilt on ! flat 9 ! usual mann]4 ,?is "w ( c\rse requires an arti/ well skill$ 9 wat]-col\r draw+4 ,! col\rs us$ mu/ be m ( a /a9 ?an body col\r1 & ! edges %\ld be scrap$ fir/4 ,aft] ! edges h be5 gilt by any ( ! =ego+ me?ods1 ! r\nd+ mu/ be exam9$ & correct$2 & ! book %\ld be put into ! /&+ press = two or ?ree h\rs1 to set x4 ,! :ole ( ! edges %\ld be wrapp$ up ) pap] to keep !m clean dur+ ! rema9d] ( ! process ( b9d+4 ,?is is call$ 8capp+ up40 #hc ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,head-,,b&+4 ,few b9d]s "w _! own head-b&s 9 ^! times ( competition & /rikes = high] wages4 ,x takes "s "t & pa9s to tea* a female h& ! p]fection ( head-b& work+1 & b too (t51 s9ce gratitude is n univ]sal1 ! opportunity ( e>n+ a few m p5ce p] week is seiz$ )\t reg>d to ^? at ^: exp5se ! p[] ( e>n+ any?+ 0 ga9$1 & ! baffl$ employ] is we>i$ by con/ant *anges4 ,ow+ to ?is1 mo/ bookb9d]s use ! ma*9e-made head-b&4 ,^! c be pur*as$ ( any size or col\r1 at a mod]ate price4 ,head-b&+ done by h& is really only a twi/ ( diff]5t col\r$ cotton or silk r\nd a piece ( vellum or cat-gut fa/5$ to ! back e half doz5 sections4 ,if ! head-b& is to be squ>e or /raight1 ! vellum %\ld be made by /ick+ ) pa/e two or ?ree pieces toge!r4 ,damp ! vellum previ\sly & put x "u a weight = a few h\rs to get s(t4 ,vellum f old l$g]s & o!r vellum b\nd books is mo/ly us$4 ,! vellum :5 q dry & flat is to be cut into /rips j a little "u ! wid? ( ! squ>es ( ! books1 s t :5 ! book is cov]$1 ! am\nt ( lea!r above ! head-b& & ! head-b& itself w be j ! size or height ( ! squ>e4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a r\nd head-b& is *os51 cat-gut is tak5 on ! same pr9ciple ) reg>d to size1 & ?is is fur!r advanc$ by us+ two pieces ( cat-gut1 ! "o #hd be+ g5]ally small] ?an ! o!r1 & mak+ ) ! bead+ ?ree r[s4 ,! r\nd head-b& is ! orig9al head-b&1 & cord 0 us$ in/ead ( cat-gut4 ,! cords 7 fa/5$ to lay-cords on ! sew+ press1 & plac$ at head & tail1 & ! head-b& 0 work$ at ! same "t t ! book 0 sewn4 ,i am n[ speak+ ( books b\nd ab\t ! #ae? c5tury2 & 9 pull+ "o ( ^! old b9d+s to pieces1 x w comp5sate = ! "t occupi$ & ! tr\ble tak51 if ! book be exam9$ to see h[ ! head-b& 0 work$1 & h[ ! head-b& !n =m$ ! cat*-up /it*2 ! head-b& cords 7 drawn 9 ?r\gh ! bo>ds1 & ?us gave great] /r5g? to ! book ?an ! me?od us$ at ! pres5t day4 ,to expla9 h[ ! head-b& is work$ is r a difficult task2 yet ! process is a v simple "o4 ,! great difficulty is to get ! silks to lie close toge!r1 :i* !y w n d if ! twi/ or bead+ is n ev5ly work$4 ,?is requires "t & pati5ce to accompli%4 ,! h&s mu/ be clean or ! silk w get soil$2 f+]s mu/ be smoo? or ! silk w be fray$4 ,illu/ration3 ,head-b&+4 ,suppose1 = in/ance1 a book is to be done 9 two col\rs1 r$ & :ite4 ,! head-b& is cut to size1 ! #he book is1 = conv5i5ce1 held 9 a press1 or a pl\gh ) ! knife tak5 out1 s t ! end to be head-b&$ is rais$ to a conv5i5t height4 ,! ends ( ! silk or cotton are to be jo9$ toge!r1 & "o1 say ! r$1 ?read$ ?r\gh a /rong ne$le4 ,?is is !n pass$ ?r\gh ! back ( ! book1 at ab\t ! c5tre ( ! second section1 comm5c+ on ! left ( ! book4 ,?is mu/ be pass$ ?r\gh twice1 & a loop left4 ,! vellum is put 9 ?is loop & ! silk drawn tightly1 ! vellum w !n be held fa/4 ,! :ite is n[ to be twi/$ r\nd ! r$ once1 & r\nd ! head-b& twice2 ! r$ is n[ to be tak5 9 h& & twi/$ r\nd ! :ite once1 & ! head-b& twice2 & ?is is to be done until ! :ole vellum is cov]$4 ,! ne$le mu/ be pass$ ?r\gh ! back at ab\t e eight sections to secure ! head-b&4 ,! bead+ is ! effect ( "o ?read be+ twi/$ ov] ! o!r1 & ! h& mu/ be kept exactly at ! same tightness or t5sion1 = if pull$ too tightly ! bead+ w g und]nea?1 or be irregul>4 ,! fa/5+ (f is to be done by pass+ ! ne$le ?r\gh ! back twice1 ! :ite is !n pass$ r\nd ! r$ & "u ! vellum1 & ! ends are to be ti$ toge!r4 ,?ree ,col\rs ,pla94--,?is is to be comm5c$ 9 ! same way z ) two1 b great c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! silks are work$ 9 rotation s z n to mix or entangle !m4 ,! silks mu/ be kept 9 ! left h&1 :ile ! "r twi/s ! col\r ov] or r\nd1 & z ea* is twi/$ r\nd ! vellum x is pass$ to be twi/$ r\nd ! o!r two4 ,9 fa/5+ (f1 bo? col\rs mu/ be pass$ r\nd "u ! vellum & fa/5$ z ) ! two col\r patt]n4 ,! head-b&s may be work$ int]mix$ ) gold or silv] ?read1 or ! "o col\r may be work$ a numb] ( times r\nd ! vellum1 be=e ! second col\r has #hf be5 twi/$1 giv+ x ! appe>ance ( ribbons go+ r\nd ! head-b&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,) reg>d to /uck-on head-b&s1 ! b9d] may make !m at little exp5se1 by us+ /rip$ calico = ! purpose4 ,a n>r[ /ripe is to be pref]r$ ( "s bright col\r4 ,! mat]ial mu/ be cut into l5g?s ( ab\t "o-&-a-half in* wide1 ) ! /ripes across4 ,cords ( diff]5t ?ickness are !n to be cut some:at long] ?an ! calico1 & a piece ( ! cord is to be fa/5$ by a nail at "o end on a bo>d ( suffici5t l5g?4 ,! calico is !n to be pa/$ & laid d[n on ! bo>d "u ! cord1 & ! cord be+ held tightly may be easily cov]$ ) ! /rip$ calico1 & rubb$ ) a fold] into a groove4 ,:5 ?is is dry1 ! head & tail ( ! book is glu$ & ! prop] piece ( ! head-b& is put on4 ,or ! head-b& may be pur*as$1 z be=e /at$1 work$ ) ei!r silk or cotton ready = fa/5+ on1 f ab\t #bs4 #c;d4 to #ds4 #f;d4 a piece ( twelve y>ds1 accord+ to ! size requir$3 x has1 h[ev]1 ! disadvantage ( n look+ s ev5 z a head-b& work$ on ! book4 ,i h lately se5 "s specim5s ( z good imitations ( h&-work$ ones z x is possible = ma*9]y to manufacture4 ,aft] ! head-b& has be5 put on or work$1 ! book is to be 8l9$ up0 or 8made ready = cov]+40 #hg ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,prep>+ ,,= ,,cov]+4 ,ne>ly all mod]n books are b\nd ) holl[ backs1 except :]e ! books are sewn = flexible "w or o!rwise meant to h tight backs4 ,mu* ( ! pap] us$ at ! pres5t day is s h>d1 t ! b9d] is almo/ =c$ to make a holl[ back1 9 ord] t ! book may op54 ,! head-b& is fir/ set ) glue1 if work$1 by glu+ ! head & tail1 & ) a fold] ! head-b& is made to take ! same =m z ! back4 ,?is is to be done by hold+ ! book 9 ! left h& ) its back on ! press1 !n a po9t$ fold] held 9 ! "r h& is run r\nd ! bead+ two or ?ree times to =m x2 ! silk on ! back is !n rubb$ d[n z mu* z possible to make all level & ev51 & ! book is all[$ to dry4 ,:5 dry x is put into ! ly+ press to hold x1 & ! back is well glu$ all ov]2 "s pap]1 usually br[n1 is n[ tak51 ! same l5g? z ! book1 put on ! back1 & rubb$ d[n well ) a ?ick fold]3 a good siz$ bone f ! ribs ( beef is z good z any?+4 ,! ov]plus ( ! pap] is n[ to be cut away f ! back1 except ! "p project+ head & tail4 ,a second coat ( glue is n[ put on ! top ( ! br[n pap] & ano!r piece is put on t1 b n q up to ! edge on ! left h& side4 ,:5 ?is is well rubb$ d[n x is fold$ ev5ly f ! edge on ! "r side ov] to ! left1 ! small am\nt ( glu$ space left w be f\nd suffici5t to hold x d[n2 ! top is aga9 glu$ #hh & aga9 fold$ ov] f left to "r1 & cut (f level by fold+ x back & runn+ a %>p knife d[n ! fold4 ,?is is :at is g5]ally t]m$ 8two on & two (f10 be+ ( c\rse two ?icknesses ( pap] on ! back & two = ! holl[2 b ?9 or small books ne$ only h "o on ! back & two = ! holl[4 ,?ick or l>ge books %\ld h m pap] us$ 9 proportion to _! size4 ,books t h be5 ov]-ca/ 9 ! sew+ %\ld h r a /rong l9+-up1 s t !re be n su* a /ra9 :5 ! book is op5$4 ,:5 ! :ole is dry1 ! ov]plus ( ! pap]1 head & tail1 is to be cut (f close to ! head-b&4 ,i ne$ h>dly say t ! bett] ! pap] us$ ! m easy w be ! work+ ( x4 ,old writ+ or copy-book pap] w be f\nd to be z good z any1 b good br[n pap] is1 z ,i h said be=e1 mo/ly us$4 ,! book is n[ ready = putt+ ! b&s on4 ,^! are prep>$ be=eh& by /ick+ ) glue two or ?ree pieces ( lea!r toge!r or on a piece ( pap]1 well press+ x1 & !n all[+ x to dry "u pressure4 ,! pap] mu/ !n be glu$ twice1 all[+ ea* coat to dry be=e glu+ aga94 ,x %\ld !n be put on "o side = future use1 & :5 want$1 ! prop] ?ickness is *os5 & cut into /rips ( a wid? to correspond ) ! size ( ! book4 ,! book is n[ to be m>k$ up1 five b&s be+ ! numb] g5]ally us$1 leav+ ! tail a little long] ?an ! o!r portions4 ,! /rips ( b& are !n to be moi/5$ ) a little hot wat] to cause ! glue ^u ! pap] to melt4 ,ea* piece is !n to be fix$ ^u ! back j "u ! holes made ) ! compasses 9 m>k+-up4 ,?is w be f\nd to be a f> bett] plan ?an to fir/ cut ! /rips & !n to glue !m4 ,by ! latt] plan ! glue is liable to spread ^u ! side1 :]e x is n want$1 & if ! book has to be cov]$ ) light calf1 x w c]ta9ly be /a9$ black3 #hi s ! cov]] mu/ be c>eful t all glue is remov$ f ! back & sides be=e he attempts to cov] any ( 8 books ) calf4 ,x is r provok+ to f9d "s fav\rite col\r :5 dry1 hav+ a tortoise%ell appe>ance1 :i* no am\nt ( wa%+ w take out4 ,:5 dry ! ends ( ! b&s are to be cut (f ) a bevel1 & a little piece ( ! bo>ds f ! corn]s ne>e/ ! back also tak5 (f on ! bevel1 t !re may n be a %>p po9t to fret ?r\gh ! lea!r :5 ! book is op5$4 ,?is is also necess>y s t ! head-b& may be prop]ly set4 ,a %>p knife %\ld be ins]t$ betwe5 ! holl[ & %\ld sep>ate x f ! back at head & tail on ea* side s f> z to all[ ! lea!r to be turn$ 94 ,morocco may h ! back glu$1 z x w n %[ ?r\gh1 & w facilitate ! adhesion ( ! lea!r4 ,flexible ,"w4--,?is class ( "w is n l9$ up4 ,! lea!r is fa/5$ directly ^u ! book2 ! head-b& is set z be=e expla9$1 & held tight by glu+ a piece ( f9e l95 aga9/ x1 & :5 q dry1 ! ov]plus is to be cut away1 & ! back made q smoo?4 ,! b&s are !n knock$ up g5tly ) a blunt *isel to make !m p]fectly /raight1 be+ fir/ damp$ & made s(t ) a little pa/e to facilitate ! work+ & to prev5t ! ?read f be+ cut4 ,any holes caus$ by saw+-91 9 previ\s b9d+1 mu/ be fill$ up ) a piece ( fray$ cord1 pa/$4 ,any holes ?us fill$ up mu/ be made q smoo? :5 dry1 z ! lea/ unev5ness w %[ :5 ! book is cov]$4 ,9 8?r[ up0 backs1 or 9 8flexible n to %[10 a piece ( ?9 l95 7musl97 or /aff call$ mull is glu$ on ! back fir/1 & "o piece ( pap] on ! top4 ,= ! holl[1 ?ree1 f\r1 or ev5 five pieces are /uck "o on ! o!r1 s t x may be firm2 :il/ ! book itself w be z if x _h a flexible back4 ,! b&s1 if any1 are !n #ij to be fa/5$ on1 & ! corn]s ( ! bo>ds cut (f4 ,x is !n ready = cov]+4 8,mock flexible0 has g5]ally "o piece ( pap] glu$ on ! back1 & :5 m>k$-up1 ! b&s are put on z be=e1 & ! book cov]$4 ,,*apt] ,,xx4 ,,cov]+4 ,books are cov]$ accord+ to ! fancy ( ! b9d] or cu/om]4 ,! mat]ials us$ at ! pres5t day1 are--lea!r ( all sorts1 p>*m5t or vellum1 bookb9d]'s clo?1 velvet1 ne$le-"w1 & imitation lea!r1 ( :i* v>i\s k9ds are manufactur$1 su* z lea!rette & felt9e4 ,ea* k9d requires a diff]5t mann] ( work+ or manipulation4 ,= in/ance1 a calf book mu/ n be cov]$ 9 ! same mann] z a velvet "o3 ,i w take ea* 9 ! above ord] & expla9 h[ !y are manag$4 ,"u ! class ( lea!r1 we h moroccos ( all k9ds2 russia2 calf1 col\r$1 smoo?1 & imitation2 roan1 %eep1 & imitation morocco4 ,illu/ration3 ,fr5* ,p>+ ,knife4 ,illu/ration3 ,me?od ( ,hold+ ,fr5* ,knife4 ,illu/ration3 ,g]man ,p>+ ,knife4 ,! morocco cov]1 inde$ any lea!r cov]1 is to be cut out by lay+ ! sk9 out on a flat bo>d1 & hav+ *os5 ! "p or piece ( ! sk9 to be us$1 ! book is laid on x & ! sk9 is cut ) a %>p knife r\nd ! book1 leav+ a space ( ab\t #c_/d ( an in* = an #hvo1 & m or less accord+ to ! size ( ! book & ?ickness ( bo>d = turn+ 94 ,! morocco #ia cov] %\ld n[ h m>k$ ^u x ) a p5cil ! exact size ( ! book itself1 by lay+ ! book on ! cov]1 & runn+ ! po9t ( a black lead p5cil all r\nd x4 ,! lea!r mu/ !n be 8p>$10 or %av$ r\nd ! edges1 us+ ! p5cil m>ks z a guide4 ,?is p>+ process is n s difficult1 especially if a ,fr5* knife is us$1 su* z may n[ be pur*as$ at mo/ mat]ial deal]s4 ,! *ief po9t be+ t a v %>p edge is to be kept on ! knife1 & t ! burr is on ! cutt+ edge4 ,! knife is to be held 9 ! "r h&1 plac+ two f+]s on ! top ) ! ?umb und]nea?4 ,! lea!r mu/ be plac$ on a piece ( m>ble1 li?ographic /one1 or ?ick glass1 & held tightly /ra9$ betwe5 f+] & ?umb ( ! left h&4 ,!n by a s]ies ( pu%es f ! "r h&1 ! knife takes (f m or less accord+ to ! angle giv54 ,! burr causes ! knife to ent] ! lea!r2 if ! burr is turn$ up ! knife w n cut b run (f4 ,if ! knife is held too mu* at an angle x w g "r ?r\gh ! lea!r1 a r unpleasant exp]i5ce1 & "o to be c>efully avoid$4 ,! lea!r %\ld f "t to "t be exam9$1 by turn+ x ov]1 to see if any unev5ness appe>s1 = e cut w %[4 ,especial att5tion %\ld be giv5 to :]e ! edges ( ! bo>d g4 ,! turn+ 9 at ! head & tail %\ld be p>$ (f z ?9 z possible1 z !re w be twice z mu* ?ickness ( lea!r on ! back :]e turn$ 91 ! object ( ?is c>e be+1 t x mu/ n be se54 ,! morocco #ib cov] %\ld n[ be wett$ well1 & gra9$ up by us+ ei!r ! h& or a flat piece ( cork4 ,?is is to be done by g5tly curl+ x up 9 all directions2 & :5 ! gra9 has be5 br\ght up prop]ly & suffici5tly1 ! lea!r %\ld be pa/$ on ! fle% side ) ?9 pa/e1 & hung up to dry4 ,%\ld ! lea!r be 8/raight gra910 x mu/ only be creas$ 9 ! "o direction ( ! gra91 or if x is requir$ to imitate any old book t has no gra91 ! lea!r %\ld be wett$ z mu* z possible1 & ! :ole ( ! gra9 rubb$ out by us+ a roll+ p9 ) ev5 pressure4 ,illu/ration3 ,me?od ( ,hold+ ,ord9>y ,knife4 ,! ,morocco lea!r fir/ br\ght f t c\ntry1 _h a peculi> gra91 & 0 dy$ ) v bright col\rs4 ,x is n[ l>gely manufactur$ 9 ,london & ,p>is2 ! ,fr5* manufacture is ! f9e/4 ,russia & calf require no sett+ up ( ! gra91 b russia %\ld be well roll$ out ) ! roll+ p94 ,:5 ! cov] 7morocco7 is dry1 x is to be well pa/$1 ! squ>es ( ! book set1 s t ea* side has its prop] portion ( bo>d project+4 ,! book is !n laid d[n ev5ly on ! cov]1 :i* mu/ be g5tly drawn on2 ! back is drawn tight by plac+ ! book on its =$ge & draw+ ! sk9 well d[n ov] x4 ,! sides are next drawn tight1 & ! b&s p9*$ well up ) a pair ( b& nipp]s4 ,! f\r corn]s ( ! lea!r #ic are cut (f ) a %>p knife 9 a slant+ direction1 a little pa/e put on ! cut edge1 & ! op]ation ( turn+ 9 may be comm5c$4 ,! book mu/ be held on its edge1 ei!r head or tail1 ) a small piece ( pap] put close to ! head-b& to prev5t any pa/e soil+ ! edge or head-b&1 & ) ! bo>ds ext5d$1 ! holl[ is pull$ a little away f ! back & ! lea!r neatly tuck$ 94 ,! lea!r is next to be tightly br\ght ov] ! bo>ds & well rubb$ d[n1 bo? on ! edge & inside1 ) a fold+ /ick1 b on no acc\nt mu/ ! outside be rubb$1 or ! gra9 w be tak5 away4 ,! =$ge is to be treat$ 9 l mann]1 by tuck+ ! corn]s 9 = /r5g?4 ,! head-b& is n[ to be set1 by ty+ a piece ( ?read r\nd ! book betwe5 ! back & ! bo>ds 9 ! slots cut out f ! corn]s ( ! bo>ds2 ?is ?read mu/ be ti$ 9 a knot4 ,! book be+ held 9 ! left h&1 re/+ on its end1 ! lea!r is drawn ) a po9t$ fold+-/ick1 z x 71 t[>ds ! =$ge1 & flatt5$ on ! top ( ! head-b&4 ,:5 ?is is done prop]ly x %\ld be exactly ev5 ) ! bo>ds1 & yet cov] ! head-b&1 leav+ t "p ( ! head-b& at "r angles ) ! edge expos$4 ,) a little practice ! novice may be able to asc]ta9 :at am\nt ( lea!r is to be left out f ! turn+-91 s t ! head-b& c be neatly cov]$4 ,! p]fection 9 cov]+ a book dep5ds ^u ! lea!r be+ work$ %>p r\nd ! bo>ds1 b ) ! gra9 almo/ unt\*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,b& ,nipp]s4 ,pa/e %\ld be always us$ = morocco1 calf1 russia & vellum1 9 fact = all k9ds ( lea!r2 b 9 my humble op9ion1 all lea!r ) an artificial gra9 %\ld be glu$2 ! turn+-9 may be ) pa/e4 ,! glue gives m #id body to ! lea!r1 & ?us pres]ves ! gra94 ,:ite morocco %\ld be cov]$ ) pa/e made )\t any alum1 :i* causes x to turn yell[1 & if ! lea!r is wa%$ ) lemon juice in/ead ( v9eg> :5 f9i%+1 ! col\r w be mu* improv$4 ,russia is to be p>$ 9 ! same way z morocco4 ,x %\ld be damp$1 & roll$ ) a roll+-p9 be=e cov]+1 or /ret*$ out ) a ?ick fold+-/ick4 ,calf1 ei!r col\r$ or :ite1 ne$ be p>$ only r\nd ! head-b&4 ,calf %\ld be cov]$ ) pa/e & ! book wa%$ :5 cov]$ ) a clean damp sponge4 ,9 putt+ two books toge!r1 :5 b\nd 9 calf ( two diff]5t col\rs1 a piece ( pap] %\ld be plac$ betwe51 z mo/ col\rs /a9 ea* o!r1 especially gre54 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to h&le calf z little z possible :il/ wet1 & t\*+ x ) iron tools1 su* z knives & b& nipp]s1 w cause a black /a94 ,morocco w be> z mu* h&l+ z y l1 b ! m t5d]ly calf is treat$ ! bett]4 ,vellum or ,p>*m5t4--,! bo>ds %\ld be cov]$ ) :ite pap]1 to avoid any d>kness ( ! bo>d %[+ ?r\gh4 ,! vellum or p>*m5t %\ld be p>$ head & tail1 & ! :ole well pa/$ & all[$ to /& = a %ort "t s t x be well soak$ & s(t4 ,! book %\ld !n be cov]$1 b ! vellum mu/ n on any acc\nt be /ret*$ mu*1 or x w1 :5 dry1 draw ! bo>ds up to a mo/ rem>kable ext5t4 ,x w p]haps be bett] if ! book be press$1 to make ! vellum adh]e bett]4 ,! old b9d]s took great pa9s 9 cov]+ _! :ite vellum books4 ,! vellum 0 l9$ c>efully ) :ite pap] & dri$ be=e cov]+3 ?is 9 "s degree prev5t$ ! vellum f %r9k+ s mu* 9 dry+1 & enabl$ ! workman to give ! bo>ds a ?9 & ev5 coat ( glue1 :i* 0 all[$ to dry be=e putt+ on ! cov]+4 #ie ,roan %\ld be cov]$ ) glue & turn$ 9 ) pa/e4 ,head & tail only ne$ be p>$ r\nd ! head-b&4 ,clo? is cov]$ by glu+ ! cov] all ov] & turn+ 9 at once3 glu+ "o cov] at a "t1 & f9i%+ ! cov]+ ( ea* book be=e t\*+ ! next4 ,smoo? clo?1 clo? ) no gra91 may be cov]$ ) pa/e3 great c>e mu/ be tak5 t no pa/e be on ! f+]s1 or ! clo? w be m>k$ v badly :5 dry4 ,velvet %\ld be cov]$ ) clean glue n too ?ick2 fir/ glue ! back ( ! book & let t set be=e ! sides are put d[n4 ,! sides ( ! book %\ld next be glu$1 & ! velvet laid d[n1 & turn$ 9 ) glue4 ,! corn]s %\ld be v c>efully cut or !y w n meet1 or cov] prop]ly :5 dry4 ,:5 ! :ole is dry ! pile may be rais$1 %\ld x be f+] m>k$1 by hold+ ! book ov] /eam1 & if necess>y by c>efully us+ a bru%4 ,silk & ,sat9 %\ld be l9$ fir/ ) a piece ( ?9 pap] cut to ! size ( ! book4 ,! pap] mu/ be glu$ ) ?9 clean glue1 rubb$ d[n well on to ! silk1 & all[$ to get dry1 be=e cov]+ ! book4 ,:5 dry1 cov] x z ) velvet4 99 99 99 99 99 ,dr4 ,dibd91 ^: k ( libr>ies & great book collectors mu/ /amp him z an au?ority1 says t3-- 8,! g5]al appe>ance ( "o's libr>y is by no means a matt] ( m]e fopp]y or indiff]5ce3 x is a sort ( c>d9al po9t1 to :i* ! ta/eful collector does well to att5d4 ,y h a "r to consid] books1 z to _! outsides1 ) ! eye ( a pa9t]2 because ?is does n militate aga9/ ! prop] use ( ! cont5ts4 4 4 4 4 ,be sp>+ ( r$ morocco or vellum1 !y h ea* s #if di/9ct1 or :at pa9t]s call spotty1 an appe>ance1 t !y %\ld be introduc$ b circumspectly40 ,i _c agree entirely ) ! ,doctor ) reg>d to be+ sp>+ ) ! r$ morocco4 ,a libr>y )\t col\r is d>k1 dre>y1 & repulsive4 ,! libr>y %\ld be "o ( ! mo/ invit+ & *e]y rooms 9 a h\se1 & ev5 if "o _c aspire to a room entirely devot$ to lit]ature & /udy1 let ! bookcase1 :atev] its position or h[ev] humble1 be made z *e]ful & invit+ z possible4 ,:at col\r w d ?is s well z r$8 ,b x %\ld be judici\sly disp]s$ ) o!r col\rs4 ,if "s /&>d col\r 7 *os5 = ea* subject1 "o might recognize f "s little di/ance ! nature ( ! book by its col\r4 ,= in/ance1 all books relat+ to ,milit>y matt]s might be 9 bright r$2 ,naval affairs 9 blue2 ,botany 9 gre52 ,hi/ory 9 d>k r$2 ,poetry 9 "s fancy col\r1 su* z orange1 light blue1 light gre51 or olive1 accord+ to its subject2 ,div9ity 9 d>k br[n2 ,ar*ology 9 dull r$1 & ,law 9 :ite z at pres5t4 ,?is w\ld give a pleas+ v>iety1 & a light & *e]ful appe>ance to a libr>y4 ,an imitation russia lea!r is import$ f ,am]ica1 ( f> great] /r5g? ?an ! real4 ,x is made f buffalo sk9s1 & tann$ 9 ! same way z ! russia hides4 ,?is fact1 comb9$ ) ! price1 has d\btless caus$ ?is mat]ial to be receiv$ ) fav\r 9 ! ,engli% m>ket4 ,x is to be _h f ne>ly all lea!r sell]s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,half-b\nd ,"w4--,! title speaks = itself1 ! book has its back1 a "p ( ! sides1 & ! corn]s cov]$ ) lea!r4 ,! sides are1 aft] ! lea!r is p]fectly dry1 cov]$ ei!r ) clo? or pap] accord+ to fancy1 turn$ ov] ! bo>ds z ) lea!r4 ,! book is !n to be pa/$ d[n4 ,be=e ! pap] is put on ! sides1 #ig all unev5ness ( ! lea!r is to be p>$ away4 ,?is /yle has ga9$ its reputation v mu* on acc\nt ( its economy2 ! am\nt ( lea!r requir$ is less1 & ! "w is z /rong & s]viceable z 9 a :ole-b\nd book4 ,x w be bett] if ! back be f9i%$ be=e ! corn]s are put on1 z !re is great likelihood t ! corn]s may get damag$ to "s ext5t dur+ ! process ( f9i%+4 ,! outside pap] may ei!r mat* ! col\r ( ! lea!r1 or be ! same z ! edge or end pap]s4 ,?is1 l _m o!r rules 9 bookb9d+1 is q a matt] ( ta/e4 ,,*apt] ,,xxi4 ,,pa/+ ,,d[n4 ,?is is to cov] up ! inside bo>d by pa/+ d[n ! end pap]s to ! bo>ds4 ,! :ite or wa/e leaf1 t has till ?is process protect$ ! end pap]s1 mu/ n[ be tak5 away or torn out4 ,! jo9t ( ! bo>d mu/ be clean$ ( any pa/e or glue t may h accumulat$ !re dur+ ! c\rse ( ei!r glu+ up or cov]+1 by pass+ ! po9t ( a %>p knife along x1 s t :5 ! end is pa/$ d[n1 ! jo9t w be q /raight & p]fectly squ>e4 ,morocco books %\ld be fill$ 9 ) a smoo? bo>d or ?ick pap]1 ! exact sub/ance ( ! lea!r4 ,?is ?ickness mu/ be c>efully *os51 & "o edge be cut (f /raight1 & fa/5$ to ! inside ( ! bo>d v slightly1 9 fact only t\*+ x 9 ! c5tre ) a little glue or pa/e1 j suffici5t to hold x tempor>ily4 ,x mu/ be #ih flu% ) ! back-edge ( ! bo>d4 ,:5 dry1 ?is pap] or bo>d is to be m>k$ ) a compass ab\t half an in* r\nd1 & bo? pap] & lea!r cut ?r\gh at ! same cut ) a %>p knife4 ,! ov]plus bo>d w fall (f & ! outside ( ! lea!r may be easily deta*$ by lift+ x up ) a knife4 ,! pap] or bo>d1 :i* w n[ fit 9 exactly1 %\ld be glu$ & well rubb$ d[n ) a fold+ /ick1 or x may be press$ 9 ! /&+ press if ! gra9 ( ! morocco is to be poli%$1 b n o!rwise4 ,z morocco books only h morocco jo9ts1 ,i may z well expla9 at once h[ !y are made4 ,morocco ( ! same col\r is cut into /rips ! same l5g? z ! book1 & ab\t "o in* & a half 9 bread? = #hvo42 a l9e is drawn or m>k$ d[n ea* /rip ab\t half an in* f "o edge1 ei!r ) a p5cil or fold]1 z a guide4 ,! lea!r is n[ to be p>$ f ! m>k made to a ?9 edge on ! half in* side1 & ! o!r side p>$ z ?9 z ! lea!r turn$ 9 r\nd ! bo>d1 s t !re w be two di/9ct ?icknesses on ea* piece1 ! l>g] half go+ on ! bo>d to correspond ) ! lea!r r\nd ! ?ree sides1 & ! small] & ?9ly p>$ half go+ 9 ! jo9t & edge on to ! book4 ,! end pap]s1 only held 9 ) a little pa/e1 are to be lift$ out f ! book1 & ! lea!r well pa/$ is to be put on ! bo>d1 s t ! place :]e ! division is made 9 ! lea!r by p>+ w come exactly to ! edge ( ! bo>d2 ! ?9 "p %\ld !n be well rubb$ d[n 9 ! jo9t1 & ! small ?9 fea!r edge all[$ to g on ! book4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 to rub ! :ole d[n well1 t x may adh]e prop]ly2 ! gra9 ne$ n be he$$4 ,) reg>d to ! ov]plus at ! head & tail1 !re are two ways ( dispos+ ( x3 fir/1 by cutt+ bo? lea!rs slant+ ?r\gh at once1 & mak+ ! two #ii meet2 or1 secondly1 by cutt+ ! cov] away 9 a slant & do+ ! same to ! jo9t1 s t ! two slant cuts cov] ea* o!r exactly4 ,?is requires v nice p>+1 or x w be se5 9 ! f9i%+4 ,! book %\ld be left till q dry1 :i* w take "s five or six h\rs4 ,! bo>ds are !n to be fill$ 9 by ! same me?od z above describ$1 & ! end pap]s fa/5$ 9 aga9 prop]ly4 ,clo? ,jo9ts4--,if ! clo? has be5 fa/5$ 9 :5 ! ends 7 made1 aft] clean+ all unev5ness f ! jo9ts1 ! bo>ds are to be fill$ 9 z above1 & ! clo? jo9t /uck d[n ) ?9 glue1 & rubb$ d[n well4 ,! m>ble pap] may n[ be put on ! bo>d by cutt+ x to a size a little l>g] ?an ! fill+ 9 ( ! bo>d1 s t x may be well cov]$4 ,:5 clo? jo9ts are put 91 ! bo>d pap] is g5]ally br\ght up almo/ close to ! jo9t2 b ) morocco jo9ts1 ! space left all r\nd %\ld be ev54 ,calf1 ,russia1 etc4--,aft] hav+ clean$ ! jo9t1 ! lea!r mu/ be m>k$ all r\nd a trifle l>g] ?an ! size int5d$ = ! end pap]s to cov]4 ,!n ) a knife1 ! lea!r is cut ?r\gh 9 a slant+ direction by hold+ ! knife slant+4 ,! bo>ds %\ld be ?r[n back to protect ! lea!r1 & ! book plac$ on a bo>d ( prop] size1 s t bo? book & bo>d may be mov$ toge!r1 :5 turn+ r\nd4 ,:5 ! lea!r is cut1 a piece ( pap] %\ld be pa/$ on ! bo>d to fill up to ! ?ickness ( ! lea!r1 & to curve or sw+ ! bo>d back2 ! bo>ds o!rwise are sure to curve ! contr>y way1 especially ) calf4 ,:5 ?is l9+ is dry1 ! end pap]s may be pa/$ d[n4 ,z !re are two me?ods ( do+ ?is1 ,i give ! mo/ exact b longe/ fir/4 ,! pap] is to be pa/$ all ov]1 & be+ held 9 ! left h&1 is to be well rubb$ d[n1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! jo9t4 ,! pap] is !n m>k$ all r\nd--! head1 =$ge1 #ajj & tail1 ) a pair ( compasses to ! wid? requir$ = f9i%+ inside ! bo>d4 ,) a v %>p knife ! pap] is to be cut ?r\gh to ! dep? ( ! pap] only1 by lay+ ! /raight edge on ! m>ks made by ! compasses4 ,?is has ! advantage ( procur+ an exact m>g9 r\nd ! bo>d1 b x mu/ be done quickly or ! pap] w /ick to ! lea!r r\nd ! bo>d f ! pa/e gett+ dry1 ! lea!r absorb+ ! wat]y p>ticles 9 ! pa/e4 ,! o!r way is to lay ! pap] back1 & d[n on ! bo>d1 & !n to m>k x4 ,a t9 is !n to be plac$ betwe5 ! book & pap]1 & ! pap] cut to ! m>ks made4 ,! pap] is !n pa/$ d[n z above4 ,:5 pa/$ d[n1 ! book %\ld be left /&+ on its end1 ) bo>ds left op5 until ?or\ghly dry1 :i* w be ab\t six h\rs4 ,a t9 %\ld be kept especially = cutt+ on1 & ! knife mu/ be z %>p z possible4 ,?is latt] me?od is us$ = all half b9d+s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii4 ,,calf ,,col\r+4 ,al?\gh col\r$ calf-sk9s may be b\ght almo/ z *eaply z smoo? calf 7! t]m giv5 to uncol\r$ ones71 yet !re are s _m reasons :y col\r$ calf %\ld n be us$1 t ,i give su* in/ructions z w enable any "o to col\r1 spr9kle1 & m>ble 8 own lea!r4 ,! sk9s may1 h[ev]1 be procur$ already spr9kl$ or m>bl$ at mo/ lea!r %ops4 ,?is plan ( spr9kl+ & m>bl+ ! :ole sk9 is good en\gh = *eap or #aja half-b\nd "w1 b = extra "w x is f> bett] to spr9kle1 m>ble1 or o!rwise col\r ! lea!r :5 on ! book4 ,h&-col\r+ is com+ aga9 into use1 & by degrees gett+ kn[n m & m ?r\gh\t ! trade2 b a great _m secrets 9 ! art h be5 lo/4 ,be=e giv+ ! names ( ! *emicals to be us$1 ,i mu/ give a g5]al caution1 t if any acid be us$ on ! lea!r1 x is ess5tial to wa% z mu* z possible ( x out ) wat] imm$iately aft] x has done its "w1 or aft] a few mon?s ! surface ( ! lea!r w be f\nd to be eat5 away & de/roy$4 ,x is a fault ( "s ( our b9d]s at ! pres5t day1 t if !y use any *emical1 ei!r on _! lea!r or on _! pap]1 !y are n satisfi$ to use _! acid weak1 & all[ x to d its "w sl[ly1 & :5 ! prop] mom5t has arriv$ /op its fur!r action1 !y frequ5tly use ! acids z /rong z possible1 &1 ei!r to save "t or ?r\gh ignorance ( _! *emical prop]ties1 d n wa% out ! residue4 ,! consequ5ce is1 ! lea!r or ! pap] rots4 ,9 ord] to avoid ?is1 ,i w n recomm5d any *emicals t w de/roy ! lea!r1 b give in/ructions = h>mless prep>ations1 by ! use ( :i* z great a v>iety ( diff]5t /yles may be execut$ z w1 ,i tru/1 satisfy any reasonable expectation4 ,black4--,sulphate ( iron or copp]as is ! *ief +r$i5t 9 col\r+ calf black4 ,us$ by itself1 x gives a greyi% t9t1 b if a coat ( salts ( t>t> or o!r alkali be previ\sly us$ x /rikes imm$iately a ri* purple black4 ,! "n copp]as is probably f ! old & mi/ak5 idea t ! cry/als conta9 copp]4 ,!y h a pale gre5i% blue col\r4 ,x c be pur*as$ at ! rate ( "o p5ny p] p\nd f any drysalt]4 #a4 ,into a qu>t ( boil+ wat]1 ?r[ a #a_/d-lb4 ( sulphate ( iron1 let x re-boil1 & /& to settle1 & !n bottle ! cle> liquid = use4 #ajb #b4 ,boil a qu>t ( v9eg> ) a quantity ( old iron nails or /eel fil+s = a few m9utes4 ,keep ?is 9 a /one j>1 & use ! cle> liquid4 ,?is c f "t to "t be boil$ aga9 ) fre% v9eg>4 ,an old iron pot mu/ be kept = boil+ ! black4 ,br[n4--#a4 ,dissolve a #a_/d-lb4 ( salts ( t>t> 9 a qu>t ( boil+ wat]1 & bottle x = use4 ,?is liquid is mo/ly us$ = col\r+2 x has a v mell[ tone1 & is always us$ be=e ! black :5 a /rong or deep col\r is requir$4 ,x is poison\s1 & mu/ n be us$ too /rong on ! calf or x w corrode x4 #b4 ,= a pla9 br[n dye1 ! gre5 %ells ( walnuts may be us$4 ,!y %\ld be brok5 z mu* z possible1 mix$ ) wat]1 & all[$ to f]m5t4 ,?is liquid %\ld !n be /ra9$ & bottl$ = use4 ,a p9* ( salt ?r[n 9 w help to keep x4 ,?is does n 9 any way corrode ! lea!r1 & produces ! be/ uni=m t9t4 ,yell[4--#a4 ,picric acid dissolv$ 9 wat] =ms "o ( ! %>pe/ yell[s4 ,x is a pale yell[ ( an int5se bitt] ta/e4 ,x mu/ n be mix$ ) any alkali 9 a dry /ate1 z x =ms a v p[]ful explosive comp\nd4 ,x is a dang]\s *emical & %\ld be c>efully us$4 ,x may be bottl$ = use4 #b4 ,into a bottle put "s turm]ic p[d]1 & mix well ) me?ylat$ _s2 ! mixture mu/ be %ak5 occasionally = a few days until ! :ole ( ! col\r is extract$4 ,?is is a v w>m yell[1 & produces a v good %ade :5 us$ aft] salts ( t>t>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= all ! foll[+1 a prep>ation or gr\nd ( pa/e-wat] mu/ be put on ! calf1 t ! liquids may n s9k ?r\gh too mu*4 ,! calf mu/ be pa/e-wa%$ all ov] equally1 & all[$ to get ?or\ghly dry4 ,x w !n be ready = ! v>i\s me?ods4 ,p]haps to wa% x ov] night & let x /& till next morn+ w #ajc be ! be/ & sure/ plan4 ,x matt]s v little :e!r ! calf is on ! book or 9 ! sk94 ,spr9kles4--,!re are s _m spr9kles1 t x w\ld be useless = me to enum]ate a numb]1 !y are all work$ 9 ! same mann]1 by ?r[+ ! col\r on f9ely or co>sely1 z x may be want$ light or d>k4 ,presum+ t ! pa/e or gr\nd-wa% be ?or\ghly dry1 take liquid salts ( t>t> & dilute ) cold wat]1 "o "p salts to two ( wat]1 9 a bas92 wa% ! calf ) ?is liquid ev5ly1 us+ a s(t sponge4 ,! calf w require ! wa% to be appli$ two or ?ree times1 until a prop] & uni=m t9t be obta9$4 ,ea* successive wa% mu/ be all[$ to get ?or\ghly dry be=e ! next be appli$4 ,! next process w be to spr9kle ! book1 ) ! bo>ds ext5d$ or op54 ,two pieces ( flat wood1 ab\t ?ree feet long1 f\r in*es 9 wid?1 & half an in* ?ick1 w be f\nd v useful = support+ ! book4 ,^! rods mu/ be support$ at ea* end1 s t ! book may be susp5d$ betwe5 !m1 ) ! bo>ds re/+ on ! rods ne>ly horizontally4 ,n[ put into a r\nd pan "s ( ! copp]as fluid1 & into ano!r "s ( ! solution ( salts ( t>t>4 ,use a pretty l>ge bru% = ea* pan1 :i* bru% mu/ be kept ea* = its own fluid4 ,! spr9kl+ may be comm5c$4 ,! bru%es be+ well soak$ 9 ! fluids1 %\ld be well beat5 out1 us+ a piece ( broom/ick or a h& p9 to beat on be=e beat+ ov] ! book1 unless a co>se spr9kle is desir$4 ,:il/ beat+ ov] ! book1 ! h&s %\ld be held up high1 & also mov$ ab\t1 s t a f9e & equal spray may be di/ribut$2 & ?is %\ld be cont9u$ until ! desir$ dep? ( col\r is atta9$4 ,?is may be v>i$ by putt+ "s geometrical design1 cut out ( ?9 mill-bo>d1 on ! cov]2 or if ! book is on any special subject1 ! subject itself put on ! cov] #ajd w h a v pretty effect1 & may be made emblematical4 ,a f]n or o!r leaf = botanical "w z an in/ance4 ,! spr9kle mu/ 9 ^! cases be v f9e & d>k = ! bett] effect4 ,! leaf or design be+ lift$ f ! cov] :5 ! spr9kle is dry1 w leave ! gr\nd d>k spr9kle ) a light br[n leaf or design4 ,cambridge calf is done 9 ?is way by cutt+ a squ>e panel ( mill-bo>d out & lay+ x on ! sides4 ,! squ>e on ! cov] may be left br[n or may be dabb$ ) a sponge4 ,m>bles4--,z ! success ( m>bl+ dep5ds ^u ! quickness ) :i* x is execut$1 x is important t ! col\rs1 sponges1 bru%es & wat]1 %\ld be previ\sly dispos$ 9 ord] & at h&1 s t any ( !m c be tak5 up in/antly4 ,ano!r po9t to :i* att5tion mu/ be direct$ is ! am\nt ( col\r to be ?r[n on1 & consequ5tly ! am\nt t ea* bru% %\ld conta94 ,if too mu* col\r 7black7 is ?r[n on1 ! result w be an invisible m>ble1 or1 z ,i once he>d x express$ by a workman1 8x c\ld n be se5 on acc\nt ( ! fog20 if too little1 no matt] h[ nicely ! m>ble is =m$1 x w be weak & feeble4 ,m>bl+ on lea!r is produc$ by small drops ( col\r+ liquids1 drawn1 by ! fl[+ ( wat] d[n an incl9$ plane1 into ve9s & spread into fanta/ic =ms resembl+ foliage--h5ce1 (t5 call$ tree-m>ble4 ,x is a process t requires great dext]ity ( h& & p]fect coolness & decision1 z ! lea/ hurry or want ( judgm5t w ru9 ! mo/ elaborate prep>ation4 ,to prep>e ! book pa/e-wa% x ev5ly all ov]1 & to fur!r equalize ! pa/e-wat]1 pass ! palm ( ! h& ov] ! bo>d aft] wa%+ x4 ,:5 dry1 wa% ov] ) a solution ( salts ( t>t> two or ?ree times to get ! desir$ t9t4 ,:5 dry1 glaire ! :ole z ev5 z possible1 & to dim9i% ! fro? t ! sponge may #aje occasion1 put a few drops ( milk into ! glaire4 ,aga9 all[ x to dry ?or\ghly4 ,put "s fre% copp]as into a pan1 & "s solution ( salts ( t>t> into ano!r1 & soak ea* bru% 9 its liquid4 ,place ! book ^u ! rods1 ! bo>ds ext5d+ ov] & ! book hang+ betwe54 ,%\ld x be desir$ to let ! m>ble run f back to =$ge ! back mu/ be elevat$ a little1 & ! rods support+ ! bo>ds mu/ be level f end to end4 ,if ! m>ble is to run f head to tail1 elevate ! ends ( ! rods ne>e/ to ! head ( ! book4 ,! elevation mu/ be v slight or ! wat] w run (f too quickly4 ,place a pail ( wat] close at h&1 9 x a sponge to wa% (f2 & a bun* ( bir* to ?r[ ! wat] )4 ,a little soda %\ld be add$ to s(t5 ! wat]4 ,*>ge ea* bru% well1 & knock out ! sup]flu\s col\r until a f9e spray comes f x4 ,a little oil rubb$ 9 ! palm ( ! h&1 & ! bru% well rubb$ into x1 w greatly assi/ ! fl[ ( col\r f ! bru%1 & also prev5t ! black col\r f fro?+4 ,?r[ "s wat] ov] ! cov] 9 blot*es ) ! bir*1 j suffici5t to make !m unite & fl[ d[nw>ds toge!r4 ,n[ spr9kle "s black by beat+ ! black bru% on a press p91 z ev5ly & z f9ely z possible4 ,:5 suffici5t has be5 ?r[n on1 beat ! br[n 9 l mann] ov] ! ext5d$ bo>ds4 ,:5 ! ve9s are well /ruck into ! lea!r1 sponge ! :ole well ) clean wat]4 ,h no fe> 9 do+ ?is z x w n wa% (f4 ,!n set ! book up to dry4 ,tree-m>bles4--,! cov] is to be prep>$ & spr9kl$ 9 ! same mann] z /at$ 9 m>bl+2 ! bo>ds1 h[ev]1 mu/ be b5t a little1 & a little wat] appli$ by a sponge 9 ! c5tre ( ea* bo>d to give ! necess>y fl[ ( wat]2 :5 ! wat] is ?r[n on1 x w fl[ t[>ds ! c5tre or l[e/ "p ( ! bo>ds1 & :5 ! spr9kle is ?r[n on1 a tree1 z x 71 w be #ajf =m$4 ,! c5tre be+ :ite =ms ! /em1 & f x bran*es w be =m$ by ! gradual fl[ ( ! /reams ( wat] z !y run d[n4 ,= m>bl+1 e ?+ mu/ be ready at h& be=e any wat] is ?r[n on1 s t ! wat] may n h "t to run (f be=e ! col\r is appli$4 ,! wat] mu/ run at ! same "t t ! spray is fall+1 or a failure w be ! result4 ,x has be5 said t m>bl+ 0 discov]$ by an accid5t2 t a c\ntry bookb9d] 0 spr9kl+ "s books1 :5 a bird1 :i* 0 hung up 9 ! %op1 ?rew or spla%$ "s wat] d[n on 8 books2 ! wat] runn+1 took "s ( ! col\r ) x & =m$ ve9s4 ,lik+ ! =m x gave1 ! workman improv$ ^u x & ?us inv5t$ m>bl+4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no d\bt t x _h its orig9 9 ,g]many4 ,tree calf seems to be com+ into g5]al use aga91 & to meet ! dem& = *eapness1 a wood block has be5 cut resembl+ z closely z possible "o done by ! wat] process1 & block$ 9 black on ! calf2 b1 z might h be5 expect$1 x has n f\nd mu* fav\r4 ,dabs4--,?is is a process ) a sponge1 *>g$ ) ! black or ! br[n liquid1 dabb$ on ! calf ei!r all ov] ! cov] or 9 successive ord]4 ,give ! prop] prep>ation to ! calf1 & be v c>eful t ! gr\nd t9t ( br[n be v ev54 ,take a sponge ( an op5 nature1 s t ! gra9 is pleasant to ! eye2 fill x ) black & squeeze out aga91 n[ dab x c>efully ov] ! calf4 ,repeat ! op]ation ) ano!r sponge *>g$ ) br[n4 ,cat's paw1 ,fr5* dab1 & o!r v>i\s nam$ op]ations all emanate f ! sponge4 ,:5 done prop]ly ?is has a v good effect1 & gives great relief to ! eye :5 plac$ ) a numb] ( o!r books4 ,all ^! m>bles & spr9kles require practice1 s t #ajg a fir/ failure mu/ n be reg>d$ ) disc\ragem5t4 ,:5 "o's h& has got into ! me?od ) ^! two or ?ree col\rs x is a/oni%+ h[ _m diff]5t /yles may be produc$4 ,9 all ?is manipulation a bett] effect is obta9$ if a yell[ t9t be wa%$ ov] ! lea!r aft] ! spr9kle or m>ble has be5 produc$4 ,aga91 by tak+ col\r$ calf & treat+ x 9 ! same mann] z :ite1 "s v pleasant effects are br\ght out2 & :5 ! col\rs are well *os5 ! result is v good4 ,take = in/ance a gre5 calf & m>ble a tree ^u x1 or take a light slate col\r & dab x all ov] ) black & br[n4 ,9 all op]ations ) ! copp]as c>e mu/ be tak5 t x does n get on ! clo!s1 z x leaves an iron /a9 t _c be easily got rid (4 ,keep a bason = ea* col\r1 & :5 done ) wa% x out ) clean wat]4 ,! same ) ! sponges3 keep !m z clean z possible2 h a sponge = ea* col\r1 & use x only = t col\r4 ,a piece ( glass to put ! sponges on w be ( great use1 & prev5t ! "w-table or bo>d f cat*+ any ( ! col\r4 ,a damp book or damp pap] laid on a bo>d t has be5 s /a9$ w mo/ probably be damag$1 ev5 ?\gh x has wa/e pap] betwe5 ! "w-bo>d & book4 ,no am\nt ( wa%+ w ev] take away su* a /a94 ,:5 ! book has be5 col\r$1 ! edges & inside are to be black$ or br[n$ accord+ to ta/e1 or 9 keep+ ) ! outside4 ,! book is !n ready = f9i%+4 ,"s v good results may be obta9$ if ! b9d]1 us+ col\r$ calf ( a light br[n1 treats x z if x 7 :ite calf1 m>bl+ ) ! usual col\rs2 or a yell[ calf1 spla%+ x all ov] ) salts ( t>t> only1 ! bo>ds be+ plac$ 9 a slant+ direction to all[ ! col\r to g5tly run d[n4 #ajh ,or ! :ole ( a cov] may be black$ ) t>t> & copp]as1 !n ) a dilut$ solution ( acid x may be spr9kl$1 ?is w give grey-:ite spots on black or slate gr\nd3 if1 aft] wa%+1 ! cov] be spong$ ov] ) "s col\r+ liquid1 su* z anal9e dyes1 ! spots w be ( ! col\r us$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i d n give _m me?ods or receipts = produc+ col\rs = calf1 because1 z be=e /at$1 ! introduction ( fancy calf has r5d]$ obsolete ! old-fa%ion$ way ( boil+ & prep>+ ! diff]5t woods = mak+ col\rs1 & ! above w be f\nd useful = col\r+ calf 9 _m diff]5t ways4 ,illu/ration ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,f9i%+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,r5aissance4 ,roy folio4 ,t4 ,way1 ,photo-,li?4 #aaa ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4 ,,f9i%+4 ,f9i%+ is ! art ( embelli%+ ! cov]s ( books ) diff]5t designs4 ,f9i%+ comprises ! embelli%m5t ( ! cov]s ei!r ) bl9d "w1 gold1 silv] or plat9a leaf1 or ) metal ornam5ts fa/5$ ?r\gh ! bo>ds1 or by only a lett]+ on ! back ( ! book4 ,! art ( f9i%+ does n comprise any embelli%m5t done ) ! 8block+ press40 ,!re9 ! art is m t ( ! block or tool cutt]1 :o1 work+ 9 conc]t ) ! arti/ :o drew ! design1 cuts ! metal accord+ly4 ,! b9d]'s use ( ^! blocks is me*anical only4 ,! monks :o cultivat$ all ! arts1 & enri*$ _! ,h\rs & _! ,missals ) m>vell\s m9iatures1 gave great zeal to ! occupation ( b9d+4 ,s *>m+ly 7 ! b9d+s ornam5t$ ) tools & small blocks reproduc$ f ! text1 t we mu/ regret t s few ( ^! mona/ic b9d+s are n[ left to u4 ,a great numb] ( ^! books 7 execut$ 9 ,g]many1 :]e ?is mode ( decoration rema9$ a long "t 9 use2 & we f9d t o!r c\ntries borr[$ f ! pr9t] ?is primitive mode ( decoration4 ,z ! art progress$ ! b9d]'s m>k 0 impress$ on ! cov] z an ornam5t1 or z a di/9ction1 su* z we f9d at ! pres5t day at ! end or aft] ! title ( books to d5ote by :at pr9t] ! "w 0 execut$4 ,lat] on1 :5 ! ,r5aissance %one 9 all its glory & beauty1 we f9d t x fre$ itself f ?is limit$ practice4 ,a new mode #aab ( decoration came into use1 :i* we may well /udy1 ev5 at ! pres5t day2 a /yle at once ri* & v>i$4 ,if we foll[ ! bold int]lac+ l9es :i* =m ! skeletons ( ^? inf9ite & v>i$ designs1 we cat* ! imag9ative caprices ( _! au?ors2 & ! details ( _! trans=mation gives u a guide to ! diff]5t s*ools & art ( _! "t4 ,! execution ( ^! l9e> designs is extremely difficult4 ,x c be easily se5 t !y h n be5 done by a block engrav$ 9 "o piece1 b ) small segm5ts4#h ,! art ( putt+ toge!r ^! small pieces1 s z to =m "o complete & arti/ic patt]n1 is ! skill ( ! f9i%]4 ,_m books are n[ f9i%$ by means ( ! block+ press2 b on close exam9ation1 ^! imitations may be readily di/+ui%$4 ,a block$ cov] nev] has ! life & _s t a h&-f9i%$ "o has4 ,( block+ ,i mu/ speak 9 subsequ5t pages4 #h ,!re are a few exceptions to ?is on a few old books ( #abmo4 size4 ,"o may n[ & !n see su* designs work$ 9 "o piece c]ta9ly by a block4 ,illu/ration3 ,mona/ic ,tools4 ,illu/ration3 ,,antique ,,) ,,gold ,,l9e4 ,imp]ial #hvo4 ,t4 ,way1 ,photo ,li?4 ,illu/ration3 ,v5etian4 ,illu/ration3 ,groli]4 ,^! intr9sic designs 7 v mu* us$ by ! #aac b9d]s contempor>y ) ,groli]1 & ! use ( l9$ or azur tools are a di/9ctive m>k ( ! p]iod4 ,?is is ! connect+ l9k ) ! ,italian b9d+s4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! ,italian or ,v5etian tools are solid1 :ile 9 ! o!r /yle ! tools1 al?\gh ( ! same %ape1 are l9$ or azur4 ,a little lat] on o!r arti/s1 n satisfi$ ) ?is modification1 disp5s$ ) ! #aad f9e cross l9es1 & reta9$ _! outl9es only4 ,france1 dur+ ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 left ,italy f> beh9d1 & execut$ ^? gr& compositions ( ,diane b9d+s4 ,!y are m>vell\s subjects1 & are sometimes imitat$ at ! pres5t day1 b are nev] surpass$ 9 _! wond]ful orig9ality4 ,illu/ration3 ,le ,gascon4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d]ome4 #dto ,t4 ,way1 ,photo-li?4 ,aft] ^! ma/]pieces we f9d ! curi\s b9d+s ( ,h5ry ,,iii41 :i* in/antly m>k a di/9ct trans=mation4 ,! int]lac+s are less bold & free1 b m geometrically trac$4 ,! abs5ce ( fill+ 9 ) small tools gives a coldness1 :i* is increas$ by a heavy coat ( arms on ! sides4 ,?is =m ( decoration ex]cis$ a great influ5ce1 & f ?is epo* ano!r s*ool sprung up4 ,lat] on 9 "t ^! int]lac+s s]v$ z a gr\nd plan only = ! brilliant fantasies ( ,le ,gascon1 a ma/] :o no d\bt has _h ! lea/ numb] ( imitators4 ,al?\gh he foll[$ & to a c]ta9 ext5t kept ! %apes1 ! aspect ( 8 b9d+s 0 v mu* *ang$ by ! application ( po9t$ tools4 ,le ,gascon re/s = ev] z ! mo/ r5[n$ ma/] ( ! #af? c5tury4 ,! numb] ( tools necess>y = ! execution ( a composition l "o ( ,le ,gascon's is l>ge2 & :5 "o consid]s t ^! tools are repeat$1 p]haps a ?\s& #aae times on ea* side ( ! book1 a fair idea may be =m$ ( ! magnitude ( su* a "w4 ,i am ( op9ion t ,le ,gascon br\ght bookb9d+ to its highe/ po9t ( ri*ness & f9i%4 ,8 draw+s are always pure & correct2 8 squ>es1 loz5ges1 triangles1 & ovals are s br\ght toge!r z to =m a s]ies ( comp>tm5ts int]lac+ ! "o )9 ! o!r1 ) an incomp>able boldness & p]fect h>mony2 above all1 "o mu/ rem>k ) :at ri*ness ! comp>tm5ts are fill$4 ,!re is no d\bt ! gr\nd "w ( ! /yle 0 ,groli]1 b he nev] fill$ 8 panels ) su* ri*ness or ) su* ta/e z t display$ by ,le ,gascon4 ,! difficulty ( adapt+ su* designs to ! diff]5t sizes ( books has no d\bt det]r$ ! v>i\s ma/]s f imitat+ su* works1 s t we see less ( ,le ,gascon's /yle ?an ( any o!r anci5t ma/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,d]ome4 ,f ,le ,gascon's p]iod ! tools became ?ick] & ?ick]1 until we h ! heavy tools ( ,d]ome1 :i* are mu* 9 keep+ = books ( a s]i\s "*4 ,!y are orig9al 9 %ape1 b _! employm5t 0 only 9 bord]s1 leav+ ! c5tre ( ! book free f ornam5t4 #aaf ,i d n pret5d to give a hi/ory ( ! v>i\s ma/]s1 b r a practical description ( ! art ( bookb9d+4 ,mu* has already be5 writt5 ab\t ! v>i\s works execut$ by ^! gr& old ma/]s2 my endeav\r has be5 to %[1 t :il/ ! v>i\s ma/]s ( ! art ( bookb9d+ work$ ) tools b little alt]$ f _! orig9al =ms1 !y s modifi$ & *ang$ !m 9 _! "* & use1 z to =m a di/9ctive m>k ( /yle = ea* arti/1 by :i* 8 "w may be recogniz$4 ,a pamphlet1 publi%$ 9 ,p>is1 #ahgh1 says3 8,"o ( ! bran*es ( arti/ic indu/ry 9 :i* ,france possesses unque/ionable sup]iority is c]ta9ly bookb9d+2 ! ,int]national ,exhibitions1 & /ill m ! sales ( private or o!r collections1 h ea* day giv5 evid5t pro( ( ?is4 ,italy1 :i* initiat$ h]self s p]fectly 9 ! ,r5aissance /yle1 & ,holl&1 once h] rival 9 ! #ag? c5tury1 h long ceas$ to produce any "w wor?y ( rem>k2 ev]y:]e books are be+ b\nd1 b ! #8art' ( bookb9d+ is practis$ only 9 ,france40 ,i _c agree ) its au?ors t "o mu/ g to ,france n[ to h a book b\nd prop]ly4 ,! me?od ( bookb9d+ is q diff]5tly manag$ & work$ !re ?an x is "h4 ,i h witness$ bo? me?ods1 & pref] ! ,engli% "o z be+ m sub/antial4 ,,h&-,,f9i%+4--,we 7 fir/ taught to "w ! gold leaf on books by a me?od n n[ employ$1 except1 p]haps1 by a novice1 :o wi%es to get 8 books done be=e 8 glaire has dri$4 ,?is me?od 0 to damp ! cov] well ) wat]1 ei!r ) a wet sponge or by o!r means4 ,! gold leaf 0 !n laid on1 & ! tool work$ r w>m on ! gold4 ,?r\gh ! heat or /eam g5]at$ ! gold 0 burnt 91 & ! ov]plus wa%$ (f ) a damp sponge or rag1 ! gold be+ left only 9 ! impressions4 ,if1 h[ev]1 any block or c5tre #aag 0 us$1 x 0 impress$ ) heat ^u ! side 9 a small ly+ press 9 use at ! p]iod4 ,?is press 0 kn[n !n z an arm+ press1 because us$ commonly = impress+ armorial be>+s & monograms on ! sides4 ,! t]m arm+ press is /ill us$ = ! light] k9ds ( block+ presses4 ,h&-f9i%+1 z be=e /at$1 is really an art4 ,! f9i%] %\ld be able to draw1 or at lea/ h "s k ( composition1 & also "k some?+ ab\t ! h>mony ( col\rs4 ,! workman n hav+ any k ( draw+ _c expect to be a good f9i%]2 because he _c possibly produce any good designs1 or by a comb9ation ( ! small tools =m a p]fect & correct patt]n4 ,ta/e has no small influ5ce 9 ! success ( ! workman 9 ?is bran* ( ! art4 ,x is bett] to f9i% books pla9ly1 r ?an put on ! lea/ portion ( gold m ?an is necess>y4 ,if ! int5tions ( ! books' own] is to put "s special /yle or design into 8 bookcase1 x w be well to ?9k ov] ! v>i\s /yles be=e decid+ ^u any p>ticul> "o4 ,be=e go+ ?or\ghly into ! work+ details a few prelim9>y words may be p]mitt$4 ,let ! tools be always 9 keep+ ) ! book1 bo? 9 size & "*4 ,l>ge ones %\ld be us$ only on a l>ge book1 & ^? ( less size = small] works4 ,a book on ,natural ,hi/ory %\ld h a bird1 insect1 %ell1 or o!r tool indicative ( ! cont5ts4 ,a fl[] %\ld be us$ on works on ,botany1 & all o!r works be treat$ 9 ! same emblematical mann]2 s t ! nature ( ! book may be und]/ood by a glance at ! back4 ,9 lett]+1 see t ! lett]s are ( a size proportionate to ! book--legible1 b n too bold4 ,!y %\ld nei!r be s l>ge z to prev5t ! :ole ( ! title be+ read at "o view1 nor s small z to pres5t a difficulty 9 asc]ta9+ ! subject ( a book :5 on ! %elf4 #aah ,among/ a l>ge numb] ( books !re %\ld be an agreeable v>iety ( /yles1 s t ! effect may be 9 h>mony ) ! col\rs ar\nd1 & produce z pleas+ a contra/ z possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,type-hold]4 ,illu/ration3 ,pallet4 ,illu/ration3 ,fillet4 ,tools & ,mat]ials requir$ = ,f9i%+4--,rolls1 fillets1 pallets1 c5tre & corn] tools ( e possible class & "*2 type ( v>i\s sizes = ! lett]+ ( books or labels4 ,! type may be ei!r ( brass or ( ! usual pr9t]'s metal2 if ! latt] be *os51 c>e mu/ be tak5 t x be n left at ! fire too long1 or x w melt4 ,type-hold]s to hold ! type1 :i* are made to fit ! respective sizes are necess>y1 b "o or two ) a spr+ side1 adju/$ by screw at ! side1 w be f\nd conv5i5t = any siz$ type4 ,9 ,engl& x is ! cu/om to lett] books ) h& lett]s1 ea* lett] be+ sep>ate & fix$ 9 a h&le4 ,i h1 h[ev]1 little d\bt t ^! w 9 "t be laid aside1 & t ! type & type case w be f\nd 9 e bookb9d]'s %op4 ,poli%+ irons4 ,( ^! two are necess>y--"o = ! sides & "o = ! backs4 ,!re is g5]ally a ?ird #aai kept = poli%+ ! bo>d end pap]s :5 pa/$ d[n1 :i* %\ld be kept = ?is purpose only4 ,illu/ration3 ,poli%+ ,iron4 ,a gold-rag1 to wipe (f ! surplus gold f ! back or side ( a book4 ,x %\ld h a little oil well work$ into x1 s t :5 x has be5 wip$ ov] ! back or side ! gold may adh]e & rema9 9 x4 ,?is rag :5 full ( gold w be ( a dirty yell[1 & may !n be melt$ d[n by any ( ! gold-ref9]s & ! wa/e gold recov]$4 ,india-rubb]1 cut up v small--! small] ! bett]--& /eep$ 9 turp5t9e1 s z to r5d] x z s(t z possible1 to be us$ = cle>+ away any gold n tak5 (f by ! gold-rag4 ,?is %\ld also be melt$ d[n :5 full4#i #i ,messrs4 ,c[ & ,co41 ,*eapside1 h lately prep>$ my rubb] ready = use4 ,i f9d x ( great conv5i5ce4 ,gold-cu%ion1 = use z expla9$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,gold leaf4 ,! be/ %\ld be us$1 x keeps its col\r bett]1 & is mu* m easy to "w ?an ! common] metal usually sold4 ,sponges1 bo? l>ge & small--! l>ge ones = pa/e-wa%+1 ! small] = glair+ & siz+4 ,glaire may be pur*as$ already prep>$1 or x may be made f ! :ite ( egg1 :i* mu/ be v c>efully beat5 up to a fro? ) an egg :isk4 ,9 break+ ! egg c>e mu/ be tak5 n to let any ( ! yolk get among/ ! :ite4 ,a little v9eg> %\ld be mix$ ) ! :ite be=e beat+ up1 & a drop ( ammonia1 or a gra9 or two ( common table salt1 or a small piece ( camphor1 w 9 "s measure prev5t x f turn+ putrid1 #abj z x is liable to d4 ,"s workm5 always h a /ock ( 8good old glaire10 z !y t]m x1 by !m1 fancy+ t x produces bett] "w1 b ?is is a mi/ak5 notion1 (t5 productive ( annoyance1 & de/ructive to ! com=t ( ! workm54 ,i advise ! f9i%] to beat 8 glaire f an egg z he may require x4 ,:5 well beat51 all[ x to /& = "s h\rs1 & !n p\r ! cle> liquid into a bottle = use4 ,i h _h "s dri$ album5 s5t me1 b its work+ has n giv5 me su* satisfaction z t fre%ly prep>$2 x may answ] ! purpose 9 o!r h&s1 b ) me ! gold appe>s to h be5 burnt 94 ,cotton wool1 = tak+ up ! gold leaf & press+ x firmly on ! lea!r4 ,v>ni% %\ld always be us$ on t "p :]e glaire has be5 appli$1 aft] x has be5 poli%$2 ! object be+ to reta9 ! brilliancy1 & to pres]ve ! lea!r f ! ravages ( flies & o!r insects :i* are attract$ by ! glaire2 ^! pe/s d great damage to ! cov]s ( books :i* h be5 prep>$ ) glaire1 by eat+ x (f4 ,!y also take away ! surface ( ! lea!r & spoil ! good appe>ance ( ! books4 ,v>ni% may be pur*as$ at all prices3 use only ! be/1 & be v sp>+ ) x4 ,a small pair ( spr+ divid]s1 "s l>d1 sweet oil1 & la/ly1 b mo/ important1 ! f9i%+ /ove4 ,be=e gas 0 introduc$ ! f9i%+ /ove 9 use 0 ! n[ almo/ ext9ct *>coal fire4 ,a bookb9d]'s gas /ove c n[ be pur*as$ at almo/ any gas-fitt]'s %op or bookb9d]s' mat]ial deal]s4 ,! price v>ies accord+ to size4 ,illu/ration3 ,leo's ,oil ,f9i%+ ,/ove4 ,a /ove burn+ p>aff9 oil may n[ be _h f ,leo ( #aba ,/uttg>t1 :i* he gu>antees smokeless & free f soot2 :]e gas is n obta9able1 ?is w be f\nd v h&y4 ,illu/ration3 ,f9i%+ ,press4 ,! rev]se side is q flat1 us$ :5 sides ( books are be+ f9i%$4 ,_m /ill pref] ! *>coal fire4 ,to su* a /ove a pipe %\ld be fix$ to conduct ! fumes away into ! op5 air or up a *imney4 ,to make su* a /ove any old t9 may be utiliz$4 ,make a numb] ( l>ge holes ?r\gh ! sides2 fill x ) "s live *>coal1 & place a p]=at$ t9 plate on ! top4 ,x w keep alight = h\rs1 & imp>t q en\gh heat = any purpose requir$4 ,?is primitive /ove1 h[ev]1 mu/ be plac$ on a /& or on a piece ( ?ick iron1 le/ x become dang]\s4 ,a f9i%+ press is a small press1 hav+ two sides ( solid wood ) wood5 screws at ea* end1 ! *eeks %\ld be ( wid? en\gh to all[ ! sides ( a book to be f9i%$ com=tably :5 ! bo>ds are ext5d$1 ! book itself be+ held by ! press :i* is screw$ up tightly4 ,! press %\ld1 h[ev]1 be light en\gh to enable ! f9i%] to easily turn x r\nd1 z x frequ5tly mu/ be1 :ile f9i%+ a book4 ,mr4 ,leo has a press 7pat5t$7 :i* he claims gives m fre$om = f9i%+ a book1 b ) x "o c only f9i% ! back ( a book2 !re are1 h[ev]1 _m good po9ts t our ,engli% mak]s may well /udy4 #abb ,f9i%+ is divid$ into two classes--bl9d or antique1 or1 z x is sometimes call$1 mona/ic & gold-f9i%$4 ,! t]m antique is mo/ly kn[n 9 ! trade2 & :5 morocco antique or calf antique is m5tion$1 x means t ! :ole ( ! f9i%+ is to be done 9 bl9d tool+4 ,n only ?is1 b t ! bo>ds %\ld be v ?ick & bevell$1 & ! edges ei!r dull gilt or r$1 or gilt ov] r$4 ,?is class ( "w is us$ ext5sively = religi\s books4 ,a gold l9e introduc$ & int]mix$ ) bl9d "w gives a great relief to any class ( antique "w4 ,x is n necess>y t a special set ( tools be kept = antique "w1 al?\gh "s w\ld look q out ( keep+ if work$ 9 gold4 ,z a g5]al rule antique tools are bold & solid1 su* z ,v5etian tools1 :il/ ^? = gold "w are cut f9] & are well %ad$4 ,! great] numb] "w equally well 9 gold & 9 bl9d1 b :5 a special /yle has to be foll[$ ! v>i\s tools & _! adaptation to t /yle mu/ be /udi$4 ,illu/ration3 ,leo's ,f9i%+ ,press4 ,! g5]al col\r ( ! bl9d "w is d>k br[n1 & ! prop] way ( work+ ^! antique tools is to take !m w>m & "w !m on ! damp lea!r a numb] ( times1 ?us s+e+ or burn+ z x 7 ! surface only1 until x has assum$ its prop] degree ( col\r4 #abc ,antique "w1 z a decoration1 requires q z mu* dext]ity & c>e z gold "w4 ,e l9e mu/ be /raight1 & ! tools mu/ be work$ prop]ly on ! lea!r1 bo? 9 col\r & dep?2 & z ! tools h to be work$ _m times on ! same spot1 x requires a v /eady h& & great c>e n to d\ble !m4 ,"s consid] bl9d "w z prep>atory to gold "w1 & t x gives exp]i5ce 9 ! me?od ( h&l+ & work+ ! v>i\s tools1 & ! degree ( heat requir$ = diff]5t lea!rs )\t burn+ !m ?r\gh4 ,! lea!r on :i* ?is "w is mo/ly execut$ is morocco & calf4 ,illu/ration3 ,antique ,/amps4 ,9 f9i%+ ! back ( a book x mu/ always be held tightly 9 ! 8f9i%+ press40 ,:5 9 ! press1 m>k ! head & tail z a guide = ! pallets by runn+ a fold+-/ick along ! edge ( a piece ( p>*m5t or vellum held by ! f+] & ?umb ( ! left h& aga9/ ! sides ( ! volume across ! back at ! prop] place4 ,:5 two or m books ( ! same "* & size are to range toge!r1 ! backs mu/ be compass$ up s t ! l9es head & tail may run cont9u\s :5 f9i%$4 ,9 us+ ! pallet1 hold x firmly 9 ! "r h&1 & let ! work+ motion proce$ f ! wri/ only1 z if x 7 a pivot4 ,x w be #abd f\nd r difficult at fir/ to "w ! pallets /raight ov] ! back & ev5 to ! sides ( ! b&s1 b aft] a little practice x w become easy to accompli%4 ,morocco4 ,flexible "w1 z a rule1 has bl9d l9es1 a broad & a n>r[ "o1 work$ close to ! b&s4 ,damp ! back ) a sponge & clean wat]1 & "w ! moi/ure ev5ly into ! lea!r ) a h>d clean bru%4 ,take a pallet ( a size suitable to ! book1 w>m x ov] ! /ove1 & "w x firmly ov] ! back4 ,z ! lea!r dries1 make ! pallet hott]2 ?is w g5]ally be f\nd suffici5t to produce ! requir$ d>k l9es4 ,sometimes x w be necess>y to damp ! diff]5t places two or ?ree times 9 ord] to get ! prop] col\r 9 ! bl9d tool+4 ,! tools may h a t5d5cy to /ick to ! lea!r & possibly burn x4 ,to obviate ?is1 take #a-a_/d oz4 ( :ite wax & #a oz4 ( de] fat or l>d1 place !m 9 a pipk9 ov] a fire or 9 a w>m place1 s t !y may be well mix$ toge!r2 :5 mix$ all[ !m to cool4 ,rub "s ( ?is mixture ^u ! r\gh or fle%y side ( a piece ( wa/e morocco1 & :5 work+ any tools 9 bl9d1 rub !m occasionally ov] ! prep>$ surface4 ,?is mixture w be f\nd ( great s]vice 9 gett+ ! tools to slip or come away f ! lea!r 9 work+4 ,l>d alone is sometimes us$1 b ?is mixture w be f\nd ( great] s]vice to any f9i%]1 & ! advantage ( add+ ! wax w be app>5t4 ,! l9es impress$ on ! back mu/ n[ h _! gloss giv5 to !m4 ,?is is done by gigg]+ ! pallets ov] !m4 ,make ! pallet r hot1 rub x ov] ! greas$ piece ( lea!r1 & "w x backw>ds & =w>ds 9 ! impression previ\sly made4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! pallet be kept /eadily 9 ! impressions already made1 or !y w be d\bl$4 ,! back is n[ ready = lett]+4 ,?is w be f\nd fur!r on1 class$ "u gold "w4 #abe ,to bl9d tool ! side ( a book x mu/ be m>k$ ) a fold] & /raight edge1 accord+ to ! patt]n to be produc$1 & z a guide = ! rolls & tools to be us$4 ,^! l9es =m ! gr\nd plan = any design t has to be work$4 ,damp ! :ole ( ! side ) a sponge1 & bru% x z be=e direct$2 !n "w ! fillets along ! l9es m>k$4 ,run !m ov] ! same l9e two or ?ree times4 ,:5 dry1 make ! fillet immovable by driv+ a wood5 w$ge betwe5 ! roll & =k1 & gigg] x backw>ds & =w>ds to produce ! gloss4 ,if tools are to be work$1 make !m slightly w>m1 & z ! lea!r dries make ! tool hott] & hott]4 ,?is mu/ be repeat$ z (t5 z is necess>y1 until ! desir$ dep? ( col\r & gloss is obta9$4 ,9 us+ a roll t has a runn+ or cont9u\s patt]n1 a m>k %\ld be made ^u ! side ) a file1 at ! exact po9t t fir/ comes 9 contact ) ! lea!r1 s t ! same fl[]1 scroll1 or o!r design1 may always fall 9 ! same place 9 ! repeat$ work+s4 ,x is impossible = a roll to be cut s exactly t x may be work$ f any po9t 9 ! circumf]5ce )\t d\bl+ ! design4 ,all bl9d "w is done 9 ! same mann]1 :e!r 9 us+ a small or a l>ge tool1 viz41 ! lea!r mu/ be damp$ & repeat$ly work$ until ! dep? ( col\r is obta9$4 ,x is !n all[$ to dry1 & re-work$ to produce ! gloss4 ,! beauty ( bl9d "w consi/s 9 mak+ ! :ole ( ! f9i%+ ( "o uni=m col\r1 9 o!r words1 avoid+ ! fault ( hav+ any portion ( ! "w ( light] t9t ?an ! re/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,gold ,"w is f> m complicat$ ?an bl9d or antique "w1 s t x w be bett] if "o practises ^u "s sp>e pieces ( roan1 calf1 or morocco be=e "o attempts to f9i% a book4 ,gold "w is n m difficult ?an bl9d tool+1 x is only m complicat$4 ,! #abf diff]5t k9ds ( lea!r require su* diff]5t degrees ( heat1 t :at w\ld fail to make ! gold adh]e ^u "o lea!r w\ld burn ?r\gh ano!r4 ,! v>i\s col\rs ea* require _! diff]5t degrees ( heat2 z a rule1 light fancy col\rs require less heat ?an d>k ones4 ,! f9i%] has n only to cont5d ) ^! difficulties1 b he mu/ also become an adept 9 h&l+ ! gold leaf & 9 us+ ! prop] m$ium by :i* ! gold is made to adh]e to ! lea!r4 ,?is m$ium is us$ 9 two ways--wet & dry4 ,! wet is us$ = lea!r1 ! dry = velvet1 sat91 silk1 & pap]4 ,! wet m$ium is aga9 divid$ into two classes1 "o = non-por\s & ano!r = por\s lea!r4 ,morocco is ! pr9cipal ( ! non-por\s lea!rs1 ) roan & all o!r imitation morocco4 ,! por\s v>ieties consi/ ( calf ( all k9ds1 russia1 & %eep4 ,! non-por\s lea!rs ne$ only be wa%$ ) ?9 pa/e-wat] or v9eg>1 & glair$ once2 b if ! glaire be ?9 or weak x w be necess>y to give !m a second coat4 ,! por\s v>ieties mu/ be pa/e-wa%$ c>efully1 siz$ all ov] v ev5ly1 & glair$ once or twice2 c>e be+ tak5 t ! size & glaire be laid on z ev5ly z possible4 ,all ?is1 al?\gh app>5tly s simple1 mu/ be well kept 9 m9d1 because ! great difficulty t appr5tices h to cont5d ) is1 t !y d n "k ! prop] m$ium = ! v>i\s lea!rs1 & "o book may be prep>$ too mu*1 :ile ano!r may h a defici5cy1 & z a consequ5ce1 "o book w be spoilt by ! prep>ation crack+1 & ! gold n adh]e to ! o!r4 ,by foll[+ ! directions "h giv5 ! f9i%] w f9d t 8 gold w adh]e )\t mu* tr\ble1 beyond ! practice necess>y 9 becom+ accu/om$ to an accurate use ( ! v>i\s tools4 #abg ,suppose t a half morocco book is be=e u to be neatly f9i%$ & lett]$4 ,take a broad & n>r[ pallet ( a suitable & prop] size1 & "w x aga9/ ! b&s 9 bl9d z a guide = f9i%+ 9 gold4 ,z ! impression ne$ be b v slight1 w>m ! pallet on ! gas /ove b v little4 ,*oose "s suitable tool z a c5tre piece to g betwe5 ! b&s4 ,"w ?is also lightly on ! back exactly 9 ! c5tre ( ea* panel4 ,?is mu/ be work$ z truly z possible & p]fectly /raight4 ,a l9e made previ\sly ) a fold+-/ick along ! c5tre ( ! back w greatly assi/ 9 ! work+ ( a tool 9 its prop] position4 ,n[ wa% ! back ) v9eg>1 & bru% x well ) a h>d bru% to disp]se ! moi/ure & drive x equally into ! lea!r2 "s use pa/e-wat] = ?is purpose in/ead ( v9eg>4 ,pa/e-wat] has a t5d5cy to turn grey 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 & ?is is avoid$ 9 us+ v9eg>2 v9eg> also imp>ts fre%ness to ! morocco1 & keeps x moi/ a long] "t1 :i* is v desirable :5 f9i%+ morocco4 ,! impressions made by ! broad & n>r[ pallet & ! c5tre tool are n[ to be p5cill$ 9 ) glaire2 :5 dry1 p5cil 9 ano!r coat2 all[ ?is aga9 to dry1 !n rub !m v slightly ) a piece ( oil$ cotton wool4 ,take a leaf ( gold f ! book & spread x out ev5ly on ! gold cu%ion2 cut x z ne>ly to ! v>i\s %apes & sizes ( ! tools z possible4 ,n[ take up "o ( ! pieces ( gold ^u a l>ge pad ( cotton wool1 previ\sly greas$ slightly by draw+ x ov] ! head4 7,!re is always a suffici5t am\nt ( natural grease 9 ! hair to cause ! gold to adh]e to ! cotton :5 s treat$47 ,lay ! gold g5tly b firmly on ! impress$ lea!r4 ,see t ! :ole ( ! impression is cov]$1 & t ! gold is n brok54 ,%\ld x be necess>y to put on ano!r piece ( gold leaf1 g5tly brea?+ on ! fir/ w make ! second adh]e4 ,:5 all ! impressions are cov]$ #abh ) gold leaf1 take "o ( ! tools heat$ to su* a degree t :5 a drop ( wat] is appli$ x does n hiss b dries in/antly2 "w x exactly 9 ! bl9d impressions4 ,repeat ?is to ! :ole ( ! impressions1 & wipe ! ov]plus ( gold (f ) ! gold rag4 ,! impressions are n[ suppos$ to be work$ prop]ly 9 gold2 b if !re are any p>ts :]e ! gold does n adh]e1 !y mu/ be re-glair$ & work$ 9 aga94 ,a sauc] %\ld be plac$ ne> at h&1 ) wat] & a piece ( rag or a sponge 9 x1 to cool any tool & r$uce x to its prop] heat be=e us+4 ,if ! tool be us$ too hot1 ! gold impression w be dull2 if too cold1 ! gold w n adh]e4 ,to use all tools ( ! exact degree ( heat requir$ is "o ( ! exp]i5ces ( ! skill$ workman4 ,! back is n[ ready = ! title4 ,set up ! prop] words 9 a type-case1 ( a type suffici5tly l>ge & suitable to ! book4 ,! *ief ^w ( ! title %\ld be 9 some:at l>g] size ?an ! re/1 ! o!rs dim9i%+1 s t a pleasant arrangem5t ( =m be atta9$4 ,9 ord] to adju/ ! l5g? ( ! words1 x may be necess>y to space "s ( !m--t is1 to put betwe5 ea* lett] a small piece ( metal call$ a space4 ,squ>e ! type1 or make ! face ( ! lett]s p]fectly level1 by press+ ! face ( !m aga9/ a flat surface be=e tight5+ ! screw4 ,!y mu/ be exactly level "o ) ano!r1 or 9 ! work+ "s ( !m w be invisible4 ,screw up ! type-case1 w>m x ov] ! f9i%+ /ove1 & "w ! lett]s c>efully 9 bl9d z a guide4 ,damp ! :ole ( ! lett]+ space ) v9eg>4 ,:5 dry1 p5cil ! impressions 9 twice ) glaire4 ,!n lay ! gold on & "w !m 9 gold4 ,b ) lead type & a spr+ type-case 7a me?od m suitable = "s b9d]s on acc\nt ( its relative *eapness & ! conv5i5ce ( ! case fitt+ itself to ! diff]5t sizes ( ! type1 ( :i* ! b9d] w want #abi a selection ( v>i\s sizes71 ! type-case mu/ be w>m$ be=e ! type is put 94 ,! heat ( ! case %\ld imp>t suffici5t heat = ! type to be work$ prop]ly4 ,if ! case & type be put on ! /ove1 ! type w probably be melt$ if n wat*$ v n>r[ly4 ,h& lett]s are lett]s fix$ 9 h&les1 ea* us$ z a s+le tool4 ,! lett]s %\ld be arrang$ 9 alphabetical ord] r\nd ! f9i%+ /ove1 & z ea* lett] is want$ x is tak5 f ! ord]1 work$1 & replac$4 ,!y are /ill v mu* us$ 9 ,engl&1 b :]e two or m books are to h ! same lett]+1 brass type is v mu* bett]4 ,x does its "w m uni=mly ?an h& lett]s1 h[ev] skillfully us$4 ,illu/ration3 ,%[+ progressive ,/ages ( ,f9i%+4 ,pallets4 ,panel entirely f9i%$4 ,b&4 ,panel mitr$ 9 gold1 ) title & small corn]s4 ,b&4 ,panel mitr$ & corn]$ ) c5tre tool4 ,b&4 ,panel mitr$ & corn]$4 ,b&4 ,panel mitr$4 ,b&4 ,panel m>k$ out 9 bl9d = f9i%+4 ,small tail panel ) date4 ,pallet4 ,illu/ration3 ,cut %[+ ! use ( ,mitrepiece4 ,:5 ?is simple f9i%+ c be execut$ prop]ly & ) ease1 a m difficult task ( f9i%+ may be attempt$1 su* z a full gilt back4 ,?is is done 9 two ways1 a 8run-up0 back & a 8mitr$0 back4 ,z a g5]al rule morocco is always mitr$4 ,place ! book on its side1 lift up ! mill-bo>d1 & make a m>k head & tail on ! back1 a little away f ! h+e ( ! back4 ,!n ) a fold] & /raight edge m>k ! :ole l5g? ( ! back3 ?is is to be done on bo? sides4 ,make ano!r l9e ! :ole l5g? d[n ! exact c5tre ( ! back4 ,) a pair ( divid]s take ! measurem5t ( ! spaces betwe5 ! b&s1 & m>k ! size1 head & tail1 = ! panels f ! top & bottom b&2 ) a fold] & /rip ( p>*m5t make a l9e across ! back1 head & tail1 at ! m>k made by ! divid]s4 ,"w a ?9 broad & n>r[ pallet alongside ! b&s 9 bl9d4 ,prep>e ! :ole ( ! back ) v9eg> & glaire1 z above describ$1 b lay ! glaire on ) a sponge4 ,:5 dry1 lay ! gold on1 cov]+ ! :ole ( ! back ) x1 m5d+ any breaks4 ,= mitre+1 take a two-l9e pallet t has ! ends cut at an angle ( #de1 s t ! jo9t at t angle may be p]fect4 ,"w ?is on ! side at ! #aca m>k made up ! back1 & up to ! l9e made 9 bl9d across ! back4 ,repeat ?is to ea* panel4 ,! two-l9e pallet mu/ be work$ across ! back & up to ! l9es made 9 gold2 ! cutt+ ( ! pallet at ! angle w all[ ( ! union or mitre1 s t ea* panel is indep5d5t ( ! o!r4 ,!re w be a space left1 head & tail1 :i* may be fill$ up ) any fancy pallet or repetition ( tools4 ,! corn]s %\ld be 9 keep+ ) ! c5tre1 & l>ge en\gh to fit ! panel4 ,"w ^! f ! sides ( ! squ>e made1 or f ! c5tre ( ! panel1 z w be f\nd mo/ conv5i5t1 accord+ to ! ?ickness ( ! book & /yle ( f9i%+1 & !n fill 9 any small /ops4 ,:5 ! :ole is done1 rub ! gold (f ) ! gold-rag1 & use ! india-rubb] if necess>y4 ,! title has n[ to be put on1 :i* is done 9 ! same mann] z be=e describ$4 ,x is n always necess>y t ! f9i%+ be done 9 bl9d fir/4 ,i h expla9$ x1 & advocate its be+ s work$ fir/ z easi] = a le>n]4 ,"o :o is accu/om$ to f9i%+ f9ds t a few l9es m>k$ previ\sly ) a fold+-/ick is all t is requir$4 ,:5 work+ ! title1 a ?read ( silk drawn tightly across ! gold produces a l9e suffici5t1 & is ! only guide t an exp]i5c$ workman requires4 ,to f9i% a side1 make a m>k ) ! fold] & /raight edge z a guide = any rolls or fillets4 ,prep>e ! lea!r z be=e describ$ :]e ! ornam5tation is to come2 b if ! patt]n is elaborate x mu/ be work$ fir/ 9 bl9d4 ,z a great] facility1 take a piece ( pap] ( good quality & well siz$4 ,draw ! patt]n y wi% to produce on ! pap]1 & if any tools are to be us$1 hold !m ov] ! flame ( gas2 ?is w smoke !m s t #acb !y may be work$ on ! pap] 9 black4 ,:5 ! patt]n is complete 9 e detail1 tip ! f\r corn]s ( ! pap] ) a little pa/e1 !n "w ! patt]n ?r\gh ! pap] on to ! lea!r1 us+ ! v>i\s siz$ g\ges z ! scrolls require1 & a s+le l9e fillet :]e !re are l9es4 ,"w ?us ! complete patt]n 9 bl9d4 ,?is be+ done completely1 take ! pap] (f f ! f\r corn]s1 place x on ! o!r side1 & "w x 9 ! same way4 ,prep>e ! lea!r ) v9eg>1 & p5cil out ) glaire ! :ole ( ! patt]n4 ,if ! :ole side be glair$ ) a sponge x w leave a glossy appe>ance t is v undesirable4 ,! :ole ( ! side is n[ to be laid on ) gold1 & ! patt]n work$ aga9 ) ! w>m tools1 9 ! previ\s or bl9d impressions4 ,! inside ( a book is g5]ally f9i%$ be=e ! outside4 ,?is %\ld be done z neatly z possible1 c>efully mitre+ ! corn]s :5 any l9es are us$4 ,mo/ frequ5tly a roll is us$1 ?us sav+ a great deal ( "t4 ,a /yle 0 introduc$ 9 ,france call$ 8d\bl10 ! inside ( ! bo>d be+ cov]$ ) a col\r$ morocco diff]5t to ! outside1 in/ead ( hav+ bo>d pap]s4 ,?is inside lea!r 0 v elaborately f9i%$2 g5]ally ) a 8d5telle0 bord]1 :ile ! outside _h only a l9e or two 9 bl9d4 ,x is a /yle :i*1 al?\gh v good 9 itself1 is n n[ 9 great reque/1 _m pref] to h ! f9i%+ outside r ?an to h x cov]$ up & n se5 :5 ! book is %ut4 ,illu/ration3 ,,groli]4 ,demy folio4 ,! edges ( ! bo>ds & ! headb&s mu/ be f9i%$ ei!r 9 gold or bl9d1 accord+ to fancy1 b 9 keep+ ) ! re/ ( ! embelli%m5t4 ,a f9e l9e work$ on ! c5tre ( ! edge ( ! bo>d by means ( a fillet looks bett]1 & ( c\rse requires m pa9s ?an simply runn+ a roll ov] x4 ,if x is to be 9 gold1 simply glair+ ! edge is suffici5t4 ,lay on ! gold & "w ! fillet c>efully4 ,place ! book on its ends 9 ! #acc f9i%+ press to keep x /eady1 or x w %ake & ?r[ ! fillet (f4 ,if a roll is us$1 take ! gold up on ! roll1 b grease x fir/ a little1 by rubb+ ! gold rag ov] ! edge to make ! gold adh]e4 ,!n run ! roll along ! edge ( ! bo>ds3 ! roll g5]ally us$ = ?is purpose is call$ a b> roll--t is1 "o hav+ a s]ies ( l9es runn+ at "r angles ) ! edge ( ! roll4 ,imitation morocco is g5]ally us$ = publi%]s' b9d+s1 :]e books are 9 l>ge numb]s & small 9 price1 & ! f9i%+ is all done ) ! block+ press3 ,to f9i% ?is lea!r by h&1 x is advisable to wa% x ) pa/e-wat] & glaire twice4 ,roan is g5]ally us$ = circulat+ libr>y "w1 & is v seldom f9i%$ ) m ?an a few l9es & ! title across ! back4 ,?is lea!r is prep>$ ) pa/e-wa% & glaire1 &1 :5 complete1 v>ni%$ ov] ! :ole surface4 ,inlaid ,"w4--,inlaid1 or mosaic "w1 is us$ only 9 ! high] bran*es ( bookb9d+4 ,=m]ly books 7 n inlaid1 b pa9t$ ) v>i\s col\rs4 ,groli] us$ a great deal ( black1 :ite1 & gre54 ,mr4 ,tuckett1 ! late b9d] to ! ,briti% ,museum1 took out a pat5t = extract+ "o col\r f lea!r & sub/itut+ ano!r by *emical action4 ,?is me?od1 h[ev]1 0 9 use & kn[n long be=e he turn$ 8 att5tion to ! subject1 al?\gh he improv$ greatly ^u ! old practice4 ,z ! pat5t has long expir$1 x may n be out ( place to give an extract f ! specification3 8,take d>k *ocolate col\r1 & aft] ! design has be5 trac$ !reon1 x is !n to be pick$ out or p5cill$ 9 ) suitable *emicals1 say dilut$ nitric acid2 ?is w *ange ! *ocolate1 leav+ ! design a bright r$ on a *ocolate gr\nd40 ,b to lay on ! v>i\s col\rs ) lea!r is1 no d\bt1 by f> ! bett] plan4 ,pa9t has a t5d5cy 9 "t to crack1 &1 if acids are us$1 !y w1 to a c]ta9 #acd ext5t1 rot or de/roy ! lea!r2 b if lea!r is us$ x w always reta9 bo? col\r & texture4 ,to *oose ! prop] col\rs t w h>monize ) ! gr\nd1 give tone1 & produce a pleas+ effect1 requires a c]ta9 am\nt ( /udy4 ,morocco is ! lea!r g5]ally us$1 b 9 ,vi5na calf has be5 us$ ) v good results4 ,if ! patt]n to be inlaid be v small1 /eel pun*es ( ! exact %ape ( ! tools are us$ to pun* or cut out ! patt]ns requir$4 ,to d ?is1 "w ! patt]n 9 bl9d on ! side ( ! book2 take morocco ( a diff]5t col\r to ! gr\nd x is requir$ to decorate1 & p>e x d[n z ?9 z possible4 ,lay x on a slab ( lead4 ,lead is bett] ?an any?+ else on acc\nt ( its s(tness2 ! m>ks made by ! pun* c always be beat5 out aga91 & :5 q us$ up x may be re-melt$ & run out anew4 ,n[ take ! /eel pun* ( an exact facsimile ( ! tool us$ t is to be inlaid1 & pun* out f ! lea!r ! requir$ numb]4 ,^! are to be pa/$ & laid v c>efully on ! exact spot made by ! bl9d-tool+2 press ea* d[n well into ! lea!r1 ei!r ) a fold+-/ick or ! f+]s1 s t x adh]es prop]ly4 ,:5 dry1 ! book %\ld be press$ betwe5 poli%$ plates1 9 ord] t ! pieces t h be5 laid on1 may be press$ well into ! gr\nd lea!r4 ,:5 x has be5 press$1 ! :ole ( ! lea!r mu/ be prep>$ z = morocco1 & f9i%$ 9 gold4 ,! tools 9 ! work+ w hide all ! edges ( ! v>i\s inlaid pieces1 provid$ !y are laid on exactly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,maioli4 ,royal folio4 ,t4 ,way1 ,photo ,li?4 ,if int]lac+ b&s are to be ( v>i\s col\rs1 ! b&s mu/ be cut out4 ,p>e ! lea!r ?91 & aft] work+ ! patt]n ?r\gh ! pap] on to ! sides ( ! book1 lay x on ! ?9ly p>$ lea!r2 ) a v %>p & po9t$ knife cut ?r\gh ! pap] & lea!r toge!r on a s(t bo>d4 ,or ! design may be work$ or drawn on a ?9 bo>d1 & ! v>i\s b&s cut out #ace ( ! bo>d z patt]ns4 ,lay ^! on ! ?9 lea!r & cut r\nd !m4 ,keep ^! bo>d templates = any future use ( ! same patt]ns4 ,! v>i\s pieces are to be well pa/$1 c>efully adju/$ 9 _! places1 & well rubb$ d[n4 ,! lea!r is !n to be prep>$ & work$ (f 9 gold4 ,ano!r me?od is to "w ! patt]n 9 bl9d on ! sides4 ,p>e ! morocco ?91 & :ile damp place x ^u ! portion ( ! patt]n to be inlaid1 & press x well ) ! f+]s1 s t ! design is impress$ into x4 ,lay ! lea!r c>efully on "s s(t bo>d1 & cut r\nd ! l9es made visible by ! pressure ) a v %>p knife4 ,:5 cut out1 pa/e & lay !m on ! book & prep>e z be=e1 & f9i% 9 gold4 ,i d n recomm5d ?is la/ me?od z be+ ( mu* value2 ,i give x only because x is sometimes *os52 b = any good "w1 :]e accuracy is requir$1 ei!r ( ! plans m5tion$ previ\sly are to be pref]r$4 ,! ,vi5nese "w _! calf 9 q a diff]5t mann]1 9 fact1 9 ! same way t ! cab9et-mak]s inlay _! woodwork4 ,) a v %>p & ?9 knife !y cut "r ?r\gh two lea!rs laid ! "o on ! o!r4 ,! bottom "o is !n lift$ out & replac$ by ! top "o4 ,by ?is me?od ! "o fits exactly into ! o!r1 s t1 if prop]ly done1 ! junctions are s neatly made t no f9i%+ is requir$ to cov] ! l9e :]e ! two col\rs meet4 ,! frontispiece to ?is treatise is a copy ( a book b\nd by my fa!r = "o ( ! ,exhibitions4 ,! gr\nd is ( r$ morocco1 inlaid ) gre51 br[n1 & black morocco4 ,! patt]n may be call$ 8,r5aissance40 ,! inside ( ! bo>ds are 8,groli]10 inlaid z elaborately z ! outside4 ,sev5 mon?s' lab\r 0 exp5d$ on ! outside decoration ( ?is volume4 ,por\s4--,calf1 z be=e describ$1 requires m & #acf diff]5t prep>ation ?an morocco1 on acc\nt ( its s(t & absorb+ nature4 ,z a f\ndation or gr\ndwork1 pa/e ( diff]5t degrees ( /r5g? is us$1 accord+ to ! v>i\s "w requir$4 ,calf books h g5]ally a morocco lett]+ piece ( a diff]5t col\r to ! calf on ! back = ! title4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 optional1 & may or may n be us$1 accord+ to ta/e4 ,lea!r lett]+ pieces h a great t5d5cy to peel (f1 especially if ! book be expos$ to a hot atmosph]e1 or if ! pa/e has be5 badly made1 s t x is p]haps bett] if ! calf itself be lett]$4 ,!re is no d\bt t a bett] effect is produc$ 9 a bookcase :5 a good assortm5t ( col\r$ lett]+ pieces are plac$ on ! v>i\sly col\r$ backs1 & ! titles c be m easily read ?an if !y 7 ^u light or spr9kl$ calf2 b :]e we> & te> h to be /udi$1 z 9 public libr>ies1 a volume %\ld n h any lett]+ pieces4 ,all su* books %\ld be lett]$ on _! natural gr\nd4 ,= lett]+ pieces1 take morocco#aj ( any col\r1 accord+ to fancy1 & hav+ wett$ x to facilitate ! "w1 p>e x d[n z ?9 & z ev5ly z possible4 ,cut x to size ( ! panel or space x is int5d$ to fit4 ,:5 cut truly1 p>e ! edges all r\nd1 pa/e x well1 put x on ! place & rub well d[n4 ,%\ld ! book require two pieces--or "o = ! title1 & "o = ! volume or cont5ts--x is bett] to v>y ! col\rs4 ,i mu/ caution ! workman n to all[ ! lea!r to come ov] on to ! jo9t1 z by ! frequ5t op5+ or mov+ ( ! bo>ds ! edge ( ! lea!r w become loose4 ,a v good plan z a sub/itute = lett]+ pieces is to col\r ! calf ei!r d>k br[n or black1 ?us sav+ ! lea!r at ! exp5se ( a little m "t4 ,:5 ! lett]+ #acg pieces are dry1 m>k ! back1 head & tail1 = ! pallets or o!r tools ) a fold+-/ick4 ,apply ) a bru% pa/e all ov] ! back4 ,) a ?ick fold+-/ick1 or ) ! h&le ( an old too? bru%1 :i* is bett]1 rub ! pa/e into ! back4 ,be=e x has "t to dry1 take ! ov]plus (f ) r a h>d sponge1 dipp$ 9 ?9 pa/e-wat]4 ,! le>n] w p]haps wond] :y pa/e ( full /r5g? %\ld be us$ = ! back1 & only pa/e-wat] = ! sides4 ,! reason is1 t ?r\gh ! /ret*+ ( ! lea!r ov] ! back 9 cov]+1 ! pores are m op51 & consequ5tly require m fill+ up to make a firm gr\nd4 ,mu* dep5ds ^u ! gr\ndwork be+ prop]ly appli$2 & a g5]al caution ) reg>d to ! work+ 9 g5]al may n be "h amiss4 ,f9i%+1 above all o!r dep>tm5ts1 dem&s p]fect cleanl9ess4 ,a book may h ! mo/ graceful designs1 ! tools be work$ p]fectly & cle>ly1 b be spoil$ by hav+ a dirty appe>ance4 ,see t ev]y?+ is clean--pa/e-wat]1 size1 glaire1 sponges1 & bru%es4 ,d n lay any gold on until ! prep>ation be p]fectly dry1 or ! gold w adh]e & cause a dirty yell[ /a9 :]e wip$ (f4 #aj ,o!r lea!rs are (t5 us$ in/ead ( morocco1 ev5 pap]2 9 fact a specially prep>$ pap] is l>gely sold 9 ,g]many = ?is purpose4 ,%\ld ! calf book be int5d$ to h only a pallet alongside ! b&s1 x is only necess>y1 :5 ! pa/e-wa% is q dry1 to glaire t portion :i* is to be gilt3 ?is is usually done ) a camel's hair bru%1 by lay+ on two coats4 ,:5 dry1 cut ! gold into /rips1 & take "o up on ! pallet & "w x on ! calf4 ,?is is :at is t]m$ calf neat4 ,! b& on ea* side is gilt1 leav+ ! re/ ( ! lea!r 9 its natural /ate4 ,"s b9d]s poli% _! backs in/ead ( leav+ !m dead or dull4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is entirely accord+ to ta/e1 :e!r s l>ge a space be left poli%$ only4 ,illu/ration3 ,samples ( ,backs suitable = ,calf ,"w4 ,full ,gilt ,back4--,run-up4 ,make a m>k up ! back on bo? sides a little away f ! jo9t ) a fold] & #aci /raight edge4 ,put on lett]+ piece4 ,:5 dry1 pa/e & pa/e-wa% ! back4 ,:5 aga9 dry1 take "s ( ,"y's pat5t size1 melt x 9 a pipk9 ) a little wat] & apply x ) a sponge4 ,lay ?is on v ev5ly ) a v s(t sponge1 & be p>ticul> t x is p]fectly clean1 s t no /a9s be left4 ,:5 ! size is done )1 put x on "o side = future use4 ,?is size %\ld n be tak5 its full /r5g?1 & :5 w>m$ aga9 "s m wat] %\ld be add$ to make up = evaporation4 ,:5 ! coat ( size has dri$1 apply two coats ( glaire4 ,! fir/ mu/ be dry be=e ! second is appli$1 & great c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! sponge is n pass$ ov] ! same place twice1 or ! previ\s prep>ation w be tak5 (f4 ,x is n[ ready = f9i%+4 ,cut ! gold to prop] size2 rub a little l>d ov] ! :ole ( ! back ) a little cotton wool4 ,?is requires great att5tion4 ,v little mu/ be put on light or gre5 calf1 z ^! col\rs are /a9$ v readily4 ,take ! gold up on a cotton pad2 lay x c>efully d[n on ! back2 brea! on ! gold1 & press d[n aga94 ,if !re be any places :]e ! gold is brok51 !y mu/ be m5d$4 ,n[ take a two-l9e fillet2 heat x s t x hisses :5 plac$ 9 ! cool+ pan or ! sauc] ) ! wet rag 9 x1 & run x ! :ole l5g? ( ! back on ! l9e made be=e pa/e-wa%+4 ,d ?is on bo? sides1 & rub ! gold (f ) ! gold-rag up to ! l9e on ! outside4 ,take a two-l9e pallet1 & "w x on ea* side ( ! b&s4 ,"w ! morocco lett]+ piece la/1 z x requires less heat4 ,! c5tre piece ( ea* panel mu/ n[ be work$4 ,impress ! tools firmly b quickly4 ,! corn] tools next2 "w !m f ! c5tre or sides1 us+ ! "r h& corn]s z a guide1 & judg+ ! di/ance by ! left ones4 ,! press mu/ be turn$ :5 x is requir$ to br+ ! left side to ! "r h& 9 work+ ! corn]s4 ,! requisite pallets may n[ be work$ to f9i% ! book #adj head & tail4 ,z a rule ^! are work$ :5 ! two-l9e pallet is impr9t$4 ,calf requires v quick work+4 ,! tools %\ld n be held ov] ! v>i\s places too long1 or ! heat w de/roy ! adh]5t prop]ties ( ! album54 ,) morocco "t does n signify s mu*1 z ! heat us$ is n s great4 ,mitr$ back mu/ be prep>$ ! same way z = 8run-up back10 & ! mitre+ is to be done z expla9$ 9 work+ morocco4 ,z be=e /at$1 ?is is sup]ior "w & requires m skill2 takes long]1 b looks mu* bett]3 ea* panel %\ld be an exact facsimile ( ! re/4 ,if ! tools d n occupy precisely simil> places 9 ea* panel1 ! result w be v unsatisfactory1 & an evid5ce ( a want ( skill4 ,:5 ! backs are f9i%$1 rub ! gold (f ) ! gold-rag1 & cle> (f any residue ) ! india-rubb]4 ,be v c>eful t e p>ticle ( ! surplus gold be clean$ (f1 or ! delicate l9es ( ! ornam5ts w be obscure & ragg$ 9 appe>ance4 ,! book is n[ ready = lett]+4 ,set ! type up 9 ! case1 & "w x c>efully 9 a p]fectly /raight l9e ov] ! back4 ,! :ole ( ! back is n[ to be poli%$ ) ! poli%+ iron1 :i* mu/ be p]fectly clean & bright be=e x is us$4 ,prep>e a bo>d f an old calf b9d+1 by rubb+ "s f9e em]y or *>coal & l>d ov] ! lea!r side ( x4 ,by rubb+ ! iron ov] ?is prep>$ surface x w acquire a bright poli%4 ,x mu/ be us$ ov] ! back by hold+ x lightly1 & giv+ x an oblong circul> motion4 ,g ov] e portion ( ! back ) v ev5 pressure1 s t no "p may be made m glossy ?an ano!r4 ,! poli%+ iron %\ld be us$ r w>m] ?an ! tools4 ,if ! iron be too hot ! glaire w turn :ite2 if too cold ! poli% w be dull4 ,! grease ^u ! lea!r w be q suffici5t to make #ada ! poli%] glide easily ov] ! surface1 b ! op]ation mu/ be rapidly & ev5ly done4 ,all light & gre5 calf require less heat ?an any o!r k9ds4 ,^! w turn black if ! iron be 9 ! lea/ degree too hot4 ,x is 9 f9i%+ ! sides t ! workman c %[ 8 good ta/e & skill4 ,! sides %\ld be always 9 keep+ ) ! back2 or1 m /rictly speak+1 ! back %\ld be 9 keep+ ) ! sides4 ,be=e ! sides c be f9i%$1 ! inside ( ! bo>ds mu/ occupy our att5tion4 ,) a 8run-up0 back1 ! edge ( ! lea!r r\nd ! end pap]s is to be work$ ei!r 9 bl9d or h a roll r\nd x 9 gold4 ,9 any case x %\ld be pa/e-wa%$4 ,if = bl9d1 ! roll is to be heat$ & work$ r\nd x2 if = gold1 x mu/ be glair$ twice4 ,! gold1 cut into /rips1 is to be tak5 up on ! roll & work$1 & ! ov]plus tak5 (f ) ! gold-rag z be=e direct$4 ,extra "w1 su* z mitr$ "w1 %\ld h "s l9es1 or o!r neat design impress$4 ,pa/e-wa% ! lea!r1 & :5 dry glaire twice4 ,:5 aga9 dry lay on ! gold all r\nd1 & "w ! roll or o!r fillets1 or su* o!r tool t may be 9 keep+ ) ! ext]ior "w4 ,:5 ! gold has be5 wip$ (f1 ! lea!r %\ld be poli%$ ) ! poli%+ iron4 ,! outside mu/ n[ be f9i%$4 ,are ! sides to be poli%$1 or left pla98 ,if !y are n to be poli%$1 pa/e-wa% ! :ole ( ! side up to ! edge ( ! back c>efully1 !n glaire only t portion :i* is to be gilt4 ,g5]ally a two-l9e fillet only is us$ r\nd ! edge1 s t ! wid? ( ! fillet or roll mu/ det]m9e ! wid? to be glair$4 ,:5 glair$ twice & dry1 take up ! gold on ! fillet or roll & "w x ev5ly & /raightly r\nd ! edge4 ,! corn]s :]e ! l9es meet are next to be /opp$ by work+ a small rosette or small /> on !m4 ,clean (f any gold t may be on ! side1 & #adb "w a small dott$ or p9-head roll at ! edge ( ! glaire4 ,?is w cov] & conceal ! edge4 ,extra calf books g5]ally h ! sides poli%$4 ,pa/e-wa% ! sides all ov]1 & :5 dry size !m4 ,hold ! book1 if small1 9 ! left h&1 if l>ge1 lay x on ! press & "w ! sponge ov] ! side 9 a circul> direction1 s t ! size may be laid on z ev5ly z possible4 ,be v c>eful t x does n fro?2 %\ld x d s1 squeeze ! sponge out z dry z possible1 & fill x anew ) fre% size4 ,"s workm5 "w ! sponge up & d[n ! book1 b if ?is be n done v ev5ly x produces /reaks4 ,! f9i%] w f9d he c lay a m ev5 coat+ on by us+ ! sponge 9 a circul> direction4 ,all[ ?is to dry by leav+ ! book ) bo>ds ext5d$4 ,:5 p]fectly dry glaire once4 ,?is w be f\nd suffici5t1 z ! size gives body to ! glaire4 ,:5 size+ & glair+1 be assur$ t ! book be laid d[n ) ! bo>ds ext5d$ on a level surface2 if ! book be n level1 ! size or glaire w run d[n to ! l[e/ portion ( ! surface1 & become unequally di/ribut$4 ,! gold is n[ to be laid on ! respective places1 ei!r broad or n>r[1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! f9i%+ or wid? ( ! rolls4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ! sides ( ! bett] class ( calf books h no?+ m ?an a ?ree-l9e r\nd ! edge & mitr$ 9 ! corn]s4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 q a matt] ( ta/e4 ,"s h a bord] ( fancy rolls1 b nev] any elaborate patt]n z 9 morocco "w4 ,to f9i% ! sides1 place ! book 9 ! f9i%+ press ) ! bo>ds ext5d$1 s t !y may re/ on ! press4 ,?is w af=d great] facility = work+ ! fillets1 rolls1 & tools necess>y to complete ! design on ea* side4 ,! f9i%+ press be+ a small "o1 c be easily turn$ r\nd z ea* edge ( ! bord] is f9i%$4 ,to poli% ! sides1 place ! book on its side on "s #adc s(t surface1 su* z a bo>d cov]$ ) baize1 & kept = ! purpose4 ,use ! l>ge & heavy poli%+ iron1 hot & clean4 ,rub or "w ! iron quickly & firmly ov] ! sides1 fir/ f ! groove t[>ds ! =$ge1 & !n 9 a contr>y direction1 f ! tail to ! head1 by turn+ ! volume4 ,! oil or grease appli$ to ! cov] previ\s to lay+ on ! gold w be suffici5t to all[ ! poli%] to glide easily ov] ! surface4 ,poli%+ has also ! effect ( smoo?+ d[n ! burr =m$ on ! lea!r by ! gild+ tools1 & br++ ! impressions slightly to ! surface4 ,! iron mu/ be held v ev5ly1 s t ! c5tre ( ! iron may be ! work+ portion4 ,if held sideways ! edge ( ! iron w ind5t ! lea!r4 ,! heat mu/ be suffici5t to give a poli%4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t if ! iron is too hot x w cause ! glaire to turn :ite4 ,! temp]ature mu/ be well te/$ be=e x be appli$ to ! cov]4 ,a practis$ f9i%] c g5]ally tell ! prop] heat on hold+ ! iron at "s little di/ance f 8 face1 by ! heat radiat$ f ! iron4 ,calf books %\ld be press$1 :e!r poli%$ or n4 ,press+4--,plates ( japann$ t9 or poli%$ horn are prop] = ?is purpose4 ,put press+ t9s betwe5 ! book & ! mill-bo>ds3 ! t9s mu/ be up to ! jo9t4 ,n[ place "o ( ! japann$ plates on ! side level ) ! groove2 turn book & japann$ plate ov] c>efully toge!r1 s t nei!r %ifts2 place ano!r ( ! poli%$ plates on ! top ( ! book1 ?us plac+ ! book betwe5 two poli%$ surfaces4 ,put ! book into ! /&+ press1 & screw d[n tightly4 ,leave 9 = "s h\rs4 ,:5 press$ suffici5tly1 take ! book out1 & if ! sides be poli%$1 v>ni% !m4 ,make a little pad ( cotton wool1 saturate ! l[] portion ) v>ni%2 rub x on a piece ( wa/e pap] to equalize ! v>ni%1 !n "w ! pad ov] ! side z #add quickly z possible 9 a circul> direction4 ,r5ew ! wool ) v>ni% = ! o!r side4 ,en\gh mu/ be tak5 on ! pad to v>ni% ! :ole side1 or ! delay caus$ by r5ew+ ! v>ni% on ! cotton w cause a /reak$ surface4 ,:5 ! v>ni% is p]fectly dry--a few m9utes w suffice--! book mu/ be aga9 press$4 ,to d ?is1 rub ! gold-rag1 :i* is greas$1 ov] ! sides1 ?is w prev5t ! sides f /ick+ to ! poli%$ plates4 ,place ! book betwe5 ! plates z be=e1 leav+ out ! press+ t9s1 & place 9 ! /&+ press4 ,only little pressure mu/ n[ be giv52 if ! press be screw$ d[n too tightly ! plates w /ick to ! book4 ,! v>ni% mu/ be ( good quality1 & p]fectly dry1 or ! result w be ! same4 ,half an h\r 9 ! press w be f\nd q long en\gh4 ,%\ld ! plates /ick1 !re is no o!r rem$y ?an wa%+ (f ! v>ni% ) spirits ( w9e1 & ! glaire & size ) w>m wat]1 & c>efully re-prep>+ ! surface z be=e4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 an accid5t t _c happ5 if due c>e & judgm5t be ex]cis$4 ,gra9+4--,gra9+ is n[ us$ v mu* on calf books4 ,x may be prop]ly consid]$ z a bl9d ornam5t4 ,x is done by means ( wood51 or1 bett] /ill1 copp] plates cut out 9 v>i\s patt]ns1 s z to =m small squ>es1 scales ( fi%1 or an imitation ( morocco4 ,place ! volume betwe5 two ( ^! plates1 level to ! groove ( ! back1 9 ! /&+ press2 screw d[n tightly4 ,! pressure %\ld be equal ov] ! :ole surface4 ,no?+ looks worse ?an a bold impression 9 "o place & a slight "o 9 ano!r1 s t x is r important t x be ev5ly press$2 a second application ( ! plates is impracticable4 ,gra9+ has ! advantage ( hid+ any f+]-m>ks t may accid5tally be on ! calf1 & also p>tly conceals any imp]fections 9 ! lea!r4 #ade ,! /ate ( ! wea!r mu/ 9 a great measure guide ! f9i%] z to ! prop] numb] ( volumes he ought to prep>e at "o "t4 ,! lea!r %\ld always be a little moi/1 or1 9 o!r words1 r fre%4 ,9 w9t] d\ble ! numb] ( books may be prep>$1 & ! gold laid on1 ?an ! dryness ( a summ]'s day w p]mit4 ,if books are laid on ov] night ! tools mu/ be us$ v hot 9 work+ !m ! next morn+1 or ! gold w n adh]e4 ,dur+ summ]1 flies w eat ! glaire f v>i\s places :ile ! book is ly+ or /&+ out to dry1 s t con/ant vigilance mu/ be kept to avoid ^! pe/s4 ,russia is prep>$ 9 ! same way z calf1 b is usually work$ ) m bl9d tools ?an gold1 & ! sides are n z a rule poli%$1 s t ! size & glaire are disp5s$ )1 except on ^? p>ts :]e x is to be f9i%$ 9 gold2 ^? portions ne$ be only pa/e-wa%$ & glair$ once1 )\t any size4 ,f9i%+ ) ,dry ,prep>ation4--,! dry prep>ation is us$ = silk1 velvet1 pap]1 or any o!r mat]ial t w\ld be /a9$ by ! employm5t ( ! wet process4 ,!re are a numb] ( receipts 9 ! trade & 9 use4 ,take ! :ite ( eggs1 & dry by spread+ x some:at ?ickly ov] glass plates1 tak+ c>e to pres]ve x f du/4 ,:5 dry x w *ip (f readily1 if ! glass has be5 previ\sly v slightly oil$ or greas$4 ,x mu/ n be expos$ to m heat ?an #dj ,reaum41 or ! quality ( ! album5 w be de/roy$4 ,! dri$ mass is to be well p[d]$ 9 a porcela9 mort>4 ,or1 take equal portions ( gum ma/ic1 gum s&rac1 gum arabic1 & p[d] !m well 9 a mort>4 ,?is p[d]1 if good "w be desir$1 mu/ be gr\nd into an impalpable p[d]4 ,:5 p[d]$ put x into a box or bottle1 & tie ?ree or f\r ?icknesses ( f9e musl9 ov] ! m\?4 ,by tapp+ ! inv]t$ box1 or %ak+ #adf x ov] ! l9es or lett]s1 ! du/ w fall ?r\gh 9 a f9e %[]4 ,! p[d] %\ld fall only on ! "p to be gilt4 ,cut ! gold into /rips1 take x up ^u ! tool1 & "w r hot4 ,! ov]plus ( ! p[d] c be bru%$ away :5 ! f9i%+ is complet$4 ,f9i%+ p[d] is n[ sold comm]cially4 ,velvet is v seldom f9i%$ beyond hav+ ! title put on1 & ?is %\ld be work$ 9 bl9d fir/ & ) mod]ately l>ge lett]s1 or ! pile w hide !m4 ,silk is f9i%$ m easily1 & c1 if c>e be tak51 h r elaborate "w put ^u x4 ,9 su* a case1 ! l9es or tools1 :i* mu/ be bl9d$-9 fir/1 may be glair$4 ,= ?is purpose ! glaire mu/ be put 9 a sauc] or plate 9 ! free air = a day or two1 s t a c]ta9 am\nt ( wat] or moi/ure ( ! glaire may be evaporat$2 b x mu/ n be too /iff s z to prev5t ! bru% go+ freely ov] ! /uff4 ,great c>e1 h[ev]1 mu/ be tak51 or ! glaire w spread & cause a /a94 ,a ?9 coat ( pa/e-wat] w give silk a body & keep ! glaire f spread+ to a c]ta9 ext5t1 b ,i ?9k ! be/ m$ium = silk is ! dry "o1 & x is always ready = in/ant use4 ,9 us+ glaire ! gold is laid on ! silk1 b on no acc\nt mu/ any oil or l>d be rubb$ on x = ! tempor>y hold+ ( ! gold4 ,rub ! p>ts int5d$ = ! gold ) ! f+] 7pass$ ?r\gh ! hair71 or ) a clean rag lightly oil$1 & :5 ! tools are re-impress$ a clean piece ( flannel %\ld be us$ to wipe (f ! sup]flu\s gold4 ,block+ has be5 us$ lately on silk ) "s success 9 ,g]many4 ,! block+ plate is tak5 out ( ! press1 & ! gold is laid on x1 & !n replac$ 9 ! press4 ,! f9i%+ p[d] is freely di/ribut$ ov] ! silk side1 :i* is laid on ! b$ ( ! press4 ,on pull+ ! lev] ov]1 ! block desc5ds & impr9ts ! design 9 gold on ! silk4 ,?is process may be appli$ to velvet1 #adg b velvet nev] takes ! %>pness ( ! design on acc\nt ( ! pile1 s t z a rule x is left 9 its natural /ate4 ,vellum4--,! ,dut*1 z a nation1 appe> to h be5 ! fir/ to b9d books 9 vellum4 ,x 0 !n a simple k9d ( cas+1 ) holl[ backs4 ,a lat] improvem5t ( !irs 0 t ( sew+ ! book on d\ble rais$ cords1 & mak+ ! book ) a tight back1 simil> to ! way 9 :i* our flexible books are n[ done1 %[+ ! rais$ b&s4 ,! ornam5tation 0 entirely 9 bl9d1 bo? on ! back & sides1 & ! tools us$ 7 ( a v solid "*4 ,?is art ( b9d+ 9 vellum seems to be entirely lo/ at ! pres5t day2 its imp]i%able nature is inde$ its only recomm5dation4 ,x has little beauty2 is exce$+ly h>%2 & little v>iety c be produc$ ev5 9 ! f9i%+4 ,!re are two or ?ree k9ds ( vellum prep>$ f calf sk9s at ! pres5t day1 ?anks to ! progress ( inv5tion4 ,fir/1 we h ! prep>$ or arti/'s vellum1 ) a v :ite artificial surface2 !n ! ,ox=d vellum1 ! surface ( :i* is left 9 its natural /ate2 ! ,roman vellum1 :i* has a d>k] appe>ance4 ,p>*m5t is an inf]ior animal membrane prep>$ f %eepsk9s aft] ! mann] ( vellum1 & ?is is v successfully imitat$ by vegetable p>*m5t1 made by imm]s+ unsiz$ pap] = a few seconds 9 a ba? ( dilut$ oil ( vitriol4 ,?is prep>ation resembles ! animal p>*m5t s closely t x is n easy to di/+ui% ! diff]5ce4 ,x is us$ v ext5sively 9 ,france = wrapp]+ ! bett] class ( lit]ature1 in/ead ( issu+ !m 9 clo? z is ! cu/om "h4 ,! me?od ( f9i%+ vellum is altoge!r diff]5t to lea!r4 ,on acc\nt ( its v h>d & compact nature1 x requires no o!r gr\nd or prep>ation ?an glaire = gold "w4 #adh ,! cov] %\ld be v c>efully wa%$ ) a s(t sponge & clean wat]1 to clean (f any dirt or f+]-m>ks1 & to make ! book look z fre% z possible4 ,?is wa%+ mu/ be v c>efully done by go+ ov] ! surface z few times z possible4 ,?is caution applies p>ticul>ly to ! prep>$ or arti/ vellum1 z ea* wa%+ w take (f a c]ta9 am\nt ( ! surface1 s t ! m x is damp$ & rubb$ ! m ! surface w be di/urb$ & ! beauty de/roy$4 ,x requires "s exp]i5ce to di/+ui% ! fle% & lea!r surfaces ( prep>$ vellum1 b ?is exp]i5ce mu/ be acquir$1 because x is absolutely necess>y t ! lea!r side %\ld be outw>d :5 ! book is cov]$1 = two reasons3 ! fle% side is m fibr\s1 & adh]es bett] to ! bo>ds ?an ! lea!r side1 & ! lea!r side is less liable to h its surface di/urb$ 9 ! process ( wa%+4 ,! p>ts t are to be gilt mu/ be glair$1 b z ! glaire w %[ its pres5ce1 or1 m /rictly speak+1 leave r a dirty m>k1 ! tools %\ld fir/ be work$ 9 bl9d1 & ! glaire laid on c>efully up to _! out] edge4 ,:5 dry1 lay ! gold on & "w ! tool 94 ,let ! tools be only mod]ately w>m2 if too hot !y w g ?r\gh to ! mill-bo>d1 leav+ _! m>k z if !y _h be5 cut out ) a knife4 ,z a rule no v heavy tool+ is ev] put on vellum1 ! beauty lies 9 keep+ ! vellum z clean z possible4 ,! tool+ be+1 comp>atively speak+1 on ! surface1 ow+ to ! ?9ness ( ! sk91 requires a v compet5t & clean workman to produce any?+ l good "w on vellum4 ,vellum is ( s greasy a nature t1 if a title-piece ( lea!r has to be put on1 x w be f\nd t !re is a great difficulty 9 mak+ x adh]e prop]ly unless "s special precaution be tak54 ,! be/ plan is to scrape #adi ! surface :]e ! lea!r is int5d$ to be plac$ ) ! edge ( a knife4 ,?is w produce a r\gh & fibr\s gr\nd on :i* to place ! pa/$ lea!r4 ,?is lea!r1 :5 dry1 mu/ be prep>$ ) pa/e-wat] & glaire1 9 ! same mann] z ) o!r books4 ,9 ! =ego+ in/ructions = f9i%+ a book1 ! mo/ t c be look$ = t[>ds tea*+ ei!r ! appr5tice or ! unskill$ workman is to give him an idea h[ x is accompli%$ by practis$ h&s4 ,pure ta/e1 a correct eye1 & a /eady h&1 are n giv5 to all 9 common4 ,! mo/ m9ute in/ructions1 detail by detail1 _c make a workman if ,nature has d5i$ ^! gifts4 ,i h kn[n m5 ^: skill 9 work+ a design c\ld n be excell$1 b :o c\ld n be tru/$ to gild a back )\t in/ructions4 ,o!rs1 ^: ideas ( design 7 n contemptible1 c\ld n tool two panels ( a back 9 p]fect uni=mity4 ,"s also h s little idea ( h>mony ( col\r1 t )\t /rict sup]vision !y w\ld give e volume ! coat ( a h>lequ94 ,9 a ^w1 a fir/-rate bookb9d] is nascitur non fit1 & al?\gh ! h9ts & in/ructions ,i h p5n$ may n be suffici5t to make a workman1 ,i tru/ !y w be f\nd ( "s value to ! skill$ z well z to ! less practis$ craftsman4 ,block+4--,! gr[+ dem& = books t 7 at once *eap & pretty1 became s /rong1 t me*anical appliances 7 inv5t$ to facilitate _! ornam5tation2 & ?us we h ! introduction ( ! pres5t block+ press4 ,i w n foll[ too closely ! v>i\s improvem5ts introduc$ at diff]5t p]iods1 b r\ghly describe ! block+ press1 )\t :i* *eap bookb9d+ _c be done at ! pres5t day4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ?is press owes its ext5sive use to ! introduction ( publi%]s' clo? "w4 ,=m]ly1 :5 ! cov]s ( books 7 block$1 a #aej small ly+ or o!r press 0 us$4 ,! block1 previ\sly heat$1 0 plac$ on ! book1 & ! screw or screws turn$ to get a suffici5t pressure4 ,x (t5 happ5$ t ! pressure 0 ei!r too mu* or too little3 ! block ei!r by ! "o accid5t sank into ! lea!r too deeply1 or by ! o!r ! gold fail$ to adh]e1 & x requir$ a good workman to "w a block prop]ly4 ,! fir/ press to be notic$ is a ,balanci]1 hav+ a moveable b$1 a heat+ box1 heat$ by means ( r$-hot irons1 two side pill>s to guide ! box 9 a true l9e1 & atta*$ to x a screw connect$ at ! top ) a b> or arm1 hav+ at ea* extremity an iron ball4 ,! block1 hav+ be5 fix$ to a plate at ! bottom ( ! heat$ box1 ! side ( ! book 0 laid d[n on ! b$1 & by sw++ ! arm r\nd ! block desc5d$ ^u ! book4 ,! arm 0 !n swung back1 & ! next book put into place4 ,x w be se5 t ?is incurr$ a great loss ( "t4 ,! next improvem5t consi/$ 9 hav+ a press t only mov$ a qu>t] circle1 ) almo/ in/antane\s action2 & ano!r improvem5t connect$ ) ! b$ 01 t by means ( screws & gauges1 :5 ! block 0 once set1 a boy or an inexp]i5c$ h& might ) ease f9i% (f hundr$s ( copies1 all ) equal pressure4 ,by ref]r+ to ! woodcut opposite1 ! press & its action w be se5 & und]/ood4 ,! box may be heat$ ) gas1 & kept at a con/ant & regulat$ temp]ature ! :ole "t ( work+4 ,x c be adju/$ to any am\nt ( pressure1 z x is regulat$ by ! b$ und]nea?4 ,! next /ep 9 progress 0 ! introduction ( pr9t+ 9 diff]5t col\rs ^u ! clo?1 & int]mix+ !m ) gold4 ,messrs4 ,hopk9son & ,cope's ma*9es may be m5tion$4 ,!y are made to be driv5 by /eam1 & w pr9t & emboss f #ejj to #fjj cov]s p] #aea h\r1 & are heat$ by /eam or gas4 ,! ink+ app>atus is plac$ at ! back ( ! press1 s t :ile ! workman is plac+ ano!r cov]1 ! ink roll]1 by automatic action1 inks ! block ready = ! next impression4 ,! ink+ or pr9t+ ( ! cov]s is done )\t heat1 s1 to avoid loss ( "t1 an arrangem5t is made t ! heat+ box c be cool$ imm$iately by a /ream ( wat] pass$ ?r\gh x4 ,illu/ration ,messrs4 ,kampe & ,co4 h j br\ght out a block+ ma*9e1 :i* !y claim to be sup]ior to any 9 ! trade4 ,x w block at ! rate ( #gjj to #hjj cov]s p] h\r4 ,! pressure is obta9$ by "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ( me*anical appliances1 & x c be adju/$ to block ei!r pap] or lea!r4 ,! tools requir$ = block+ are call$ blocks or /amps4 ,^! may be compos$ ( v small pieces1 or may be ( "o block cut to ! size ( ! book4 ,9 any case1 ! block has to be fa/5$ to ! moveable plate at ! bottom ( ! heat+ box4 ,to block ! sides ( a book1 take a /\t piece ( pap] & glue x ^u a moveable plate4#aa ,!n take ! book1 & hav+ set ! blocks ^u ! side 9 exact position1 place ! side or bo>d ^u :i* are plac$ ! blocks ^u ! b$ ( ! block+ press1 leav+ ! volume hang+ d[n 9 front ( ! press4 ,! b$ is n[ to be fix$1 s t ! c5tre ( ! bo>d is exactly "u & 9 ! c5tre ( ! heat+ box4 ,:5 q true1 ! sides & back gauges are fix$ by screws4 ,pull ! lev] s t a slight pressure ^u ! plate be giv53 release #aeb ! press1 & take out ! book & exam9e if all be correct4 ,"s ( ! blocks may require a small piece ( pap] z a pad1 s z to increase ! pressure1 o!rs to be %ift$ a little4 ,n[ glue ! back ( ! /amps & replace !m 9 _! respective places4 ,place ! :ole "u ! top plate 9 ! press1 heat ! box1 & pull ! lev] ov]2 & let ! book rema9 = "s little "t to set ! glue4 ,take out ! book1 exam9e if p]fectly squ>e & correct1 b replace x ) a s(t mill-bo>d "u ! /amps1 & pull d[n ! press4 ,! lev] mu/ rema9 ov]1 & ! blocks be "u pressure until ! glue is h>d5$4 #aa ,! moveable plate is also call$ ! plat54 ,ano!r me?od is to glue ^u ! plate a piece ( ?ick pap] & m>k ^u x ! exact size ( ! book to be block$4 ,/rike ^u ! plate f ! size ! c5tre1 & f t any o!r l9es t may assi/ 9 plac+ ! blocks4 ,arrange ! blocks ^u ! plate s z to =m ! design2 :5 correct1 pa/e ! blocks on _! backs & replace !m on ! plate4 ,:5 ! pa/e adh]es a little1 turn ! plate ov] & put x into ! press4 ,apply heat to ! box2 pull ! lev] ov]1 & :5 ! pa/e is set1 regulate ! b$ & gauges4 ,:5 ! press is prop]ly heat$1 ?r[ back ! lev]2 take out ! mill-bo>d f "u ! /amp1 & regulate ! degree ( pressure requir$ by ! side-screw "u or ov] ! b$4 ,place ^u ! b$ ! side to be /amp$1 hold x firmly aga9/ ! guides ) ! left h&1 & ) ! "r draw ! lev] quickly to ! front4 ,?is /raight5s ! toggels & =ces d[n ! heat+ box1 caus+ a %>p impression ( ! /amp ^u ! lea!r or o!r mat]ial4 ,?r[ or let ! lev] g back %>ply1 & take out ! book4 ,if ! block be ( su* a design t x mu/ n be inv]t$1 ! :ole ( ! cov]s mu/ be block$ on "o side fir/1 & ! block turn$ r\nd = ! o!r side1 or ! design w be upside d[n4 #aec ,"w = block+ 9 gold does n require s mu* body or prep>ation z if x 7 gilt by h&4 ,morocco c be work$ by m]ely wa%+ ! :ole surface ) a little ur9e or weak ammonia1 b x is saf] to use a coat ( glaire & wat] mix$ 9 proportion ( "o ( ! =m] to ?ree ( ! latt]4 ,! heat %\ld n be great1 & sl[ly work$4 ,calf %\ld h a coat ( milk & wat] or ?9 pa/e-wat] z a gr\nd1 & :5 dry ano!r ( glaire4 ,bo? %\ld be laid on z ev5ly z possible2 b if only portions are to be gilt1 su* z a c5tre-piece1 & ! re/ dead1 ! c5tre-piece or o!r design %\ld be p5cill$ 9 ) great c>e4 ,! design %\ld be fir/ slightly block$ 9 bl9d z a guide = ! glair+4 ,! edge ( ! glaire g5]ally leaves a black or d>k /a94 ,! heat requir$ = calf is great] ?an = morocco1 & ! work+ mu/ be done m quickly4 ,clo? requires no prep>ation :atev]1 ! glue b5ea? & ! col\r$ matt] on ! clo? gives q en\gh adhesiv5ess :5 ! hot plate comes d[n = ! gold to adh]e4 ,a great deal ( ta/e may be display$ 9 ! =mation ( patt]ns 9 ?is bran*1 b z publi%]s f9d t books t are tawdrily gilt are bett] lik$ by ! public1 !y are1 ( c\rse1 v well satisfi$ if _! books are well cov]$ ) gold4 ,x w\ld be well if ^? :o h ! pr9cipal *>ge ( ?is "w w\ld /rive1 by ! cultivation ( elegant design1 to correct ! vitiat$ ta/e ( ! public1 & seek by a /udy ( classic ornam5tation to please ! eye & satisfy ! judgm5t r ?an to attract ! vulg> by glitt] & gaudy decoration4 ,h[ev]1 ( late ye>s a great advancem5t has be5 made ) publi%]s' block "w2 ! samples giv5 9 ! trade pap] 78,! ,bookb9d]0 n[ 8,bookmak]07 w prove ?is4 ,illu/ration ,,g5]al ,,in=mation4 #aeg ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4 ,,wa%+ ,,& ,,clean+4 ,! b9d] is (t5 call$ ^u to clean books2 to _m he is a sort ( ,aladd91 :o makes old books into new2 ! consequ5ce is t he (t5 has plac$ 9 8 h&s a lot ( dirty1 mis]able-look+ books1 & is expect$ to turn !m into fir/-class copies4 ,to r5ovate su* books requires "t & exp]i5ce1 & un=tunately v little is kn[n among b9d]s z a body ab\t clean+4 ,outside ! trade1 ,i am sorry to say1 ev5 less is kn[n1 = if a book be receiv$ f a b9d] blea*$1 x seems to satisfy ! own]1 & to be all t is desir$4 ,by su* treatm5t ( blea*+ a quantity ( lime is g5]ally left 9 ! pap]1 ! goodness is de/roy$1 & naturally ! pap] mu/ suff] 9 a %ort "t4 ,to te/ su* treatm5t "o has only to apply ! tongue to ! pap]1 x w at once absorb any moi/ure1 z blott+ pap] does1 & (t5 ! lime c be di/9ctly ta/$4 ,b books are (t5 wa%$ & giv5 out to ! b9d] to reb9d 9 ?is /ate4 ,9 su* a case x rema9s ) ! b9d] n to associate himself ) ! book2 = if he reb9ds su* a book ! /igma w atta* itself to him :5 ! p]iod ( rott+1 fall+ to pieces1 & o!r mis=tunes has arriv$4 ,x is ! practice ( _m :o pr(ess to wa% books or pr9ts to use *lor9e at e wa%+2 ?is is n necess>y2 (t5 a simple ba? ( hot wat]1 ) p]haps ! #aeh addition ( a little alum1 is all t is requir$4 ,an important ?+ is to "k ! diff]5t k9ds ( /a9s :5 look+ ?r\gh ! book2 !re may be _m 9 "o book1 ea* f a diff]5t cause4 ,9 su* a case x w be be/ to g = ! majority1 & to use ! ba? t w move !m4 ,(t5 ! "o ba? is suffici5t1 b %\ld !re be any /a9s t are n t\*$1 ^! leaves mu/ be treat$ aga94 ,:5 !re are /a9s ( diff]5t "* 9 ! "o book1 su* z oil /a9s on a few leaves1 &1 say1 c(fee /a9s 9 o!r p>ts1 ! oil mu/ be fir/ remov$2 ! "o ba? w n t\* bo? /a9s4 ,(t5 :5 ! ba? is us$ wrongly x w fix ! /a9 9 ! pap]1 & n remove x1 ! *emical us$ act+ z a mordant4 ,x is impossible = me to describe ! v>i\s /a9s1 ! intellig5ce ( ! workman mu/ be br\ght to be> on ! subject2 & ,i advise a small memo4 book be us$ to jot d[n ! difficulties t may occur f "t to "t1 & s to act z a guide = future "w2 to ! use ( su* a book ,i am enabl$ to lay be=e my read]s ! me?ods ( work+ ) ! v>i\s receipts collect$ 9 ,france & ,g]many1 & us$ by me 9 my bus9ess4 ,to wa% a book x is absolutely necess>y to pull x to pieces4 ,%\ld !re be mu* glue on ! back1 & difficulty arise 9 ! pull+1 ! book may be treat$ z giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,ii43 or sections ( six or eight %eets may be left toge!r2 ! hot wat] & soak+ to :i* ! book w be subject$ 9 ! wa%+ w dissolve ! glue or pa/e t may be on ! back1 & ! %eets w readily "p :il/ 9 ! solution4 ,wa%+ mu/ be conduct$ ) great c>e2 ! h&l+ ( ! wet %eets w dem& ! mo/ delicate t\*1 = "o c reasonably und]/& t pap] left 9 wat] = twelve or m h\rs is likely to be v t5d]4 ,9 ne>ly e case :5 a book has be5 wa%$ x w be f\nd necess>y to size x3 ! size #aei gives back ! body or goodness t ! hot wat] & *emical has extract$4 ,(t5 ! virtue is extract$ by damp1 ?r\gh ! book be+ left 9 "s damp situation1 or by imp]fect siz+ ! pap] has fir/ receiv$2 9 su* cases1 al?\gh ! book may n require wa%+1 siz+ w be ( b5efit4 ,requisites4--,! necess>y articles requir$ = wa%+1 etc41 are di%es4 ,^? ( porcela9 are p]haps ! be/2 !y may be b\ght at any photographic mat]ial deal]s4 ,if mu* "w is done1 x is advantage\s to h a set or sets ( two or ?ree sizes4 ,9 us+ ! v>i\s di%es1 ample room %\ld be giv5 to all[ ! h&s to ent] ! wat] & pick up ! %eets or leaves )\t any dang] ( te>+4 ,%\ld ! pans be ( su* a size z to be too heavy to move :5 full ( wat]1 !y may be empti$ by means ( a syphon1 ! %ort end ( ! syphon plac$1 9 pref]5ce1 at "o ( ! corn]s ( ! di%1 s z n to t\* ! %eets4 ,! di%es may also be made ( wood1 l9$ ) z9c or lead3 = v l>ge "w ^! mu/ be us$1 ! porcela9 are n made above a c]ta9 size4 ,a kettle = boil+ wat] 94 ,a gas-/ove1 or sub/itute1 = heat+ purposes4 ,a peel1 made ( wood1 to hang ! %eets on ! l9es4 ,! %eets are plac$ on ! peel1 f :i* !y are transf]r$ to ! l9es4 ,*loride ( lime = solution ( *loride ( lime4--,make a saturat$ solution ( *loride ( lime by mix+ intimately ! lime ) wat] 9 a l>ge j>4 ,:5 cle> ! solution may be us$4 ,to e gallon ( hot wat] take f ?is /ock solution two or ?ree ounces4 ,,note4--,*lor9e blea*es all vegetable matt]4 ,hydro*loric acid1 also kn[n z muriatic acid or spirits ( salts 7poison74 ,oxalic acid 7poison74 ,p[d]$ alum4 #afj ,a hair sieve4 ,?is is n absolutely necess>y1 z a f9e piece ( l95 w answ] z well4 ,size3-- 7#a47 #a qu>t ( wat]4 #a_/b ounce ( p[d]$ alum4 #a ounce ( is+lass4 #a scruple ( soap4 ,simm] ! :ole = ab\t "o h\r1 !n pass ?r\gh a f9e hair sieve or piece ( l954 ,use ?is :il/ w>m4 7#b47 #a gallon ( wat]4 #a_/b lb4 ( be/ glue4 #b ounces ( p[d]$ alum4 ,simm] & use z above4 7#c74 #a qu>t ( wat]4 #b-a_/b ounces ( is+lass4 #b dra*ms ( alum4 ,simm] ! :ole = ab\t "o h\r1 /ra9 z above4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t a size too /rong 9 glue or is+lass is liable to make ! pap] too brittle2 aga91 "s pap]s require a /rong] size ?an o!rs4 7#d74 ,a size t may be us$ cold1 & is recomm5d$ 9 ,france1 to keep at h& & to use :5 only a s+le leaf requires siz+1 su* z :5 a "n has be5 eras$ f a title-page1 is z foll[s3--,boil ab\t a qu>t ( wat] 9 a saucepan4 ,:il/ boil+1 add ab\t two oz4 ( %ellac & #a_/b oz4 ( borax2 ! borax w dissolve ! %ellac1 :i* w be held 9 susp5sion2 ! :ole mu/ !n be pass$ ?r\gh a f9e hair sieve1 or piece ( l951 to rid x ( all pieces or impurities4 ,?is w keep a v long "t1 & may be us$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ t n too mu* %ellac is us$1 or ! pap] w be r5d]$ transp>5t4 #afa ,,manipulation4 ,du/4--,! c>eful application ( india-rubb] or bread w g5]ally take away all du/4 ,9 us+ india-rubb]1 hold ! %eet or leaf d[n by ! left h&1 & rub g5tly away f x4 ,if ! rubb] is us$ 9 a to & fro motion1 !re is great dang] ( ! %eet d\bl+ back & break+4 ,! bread may be us$ 9 a circul> motion2 & if a book be clean$ f du/ by ?is means )\t pull+ to pieces1 all crumbs mu/ be bru%$ away f ! back v c>efully be=e clos+ ! book4 ,wat] /a9s4--,if ! /a9s be f wat]1 ! application ( boil+ wat] & alum w take !m out4 ,?is /a9 is ! "o mo/ usually f\nd 9 books1 x may be di/+ui%$ f o!r /a9s by leav+ a m>k hav+ a %>p edge4 ,to take su* a /a9 away1 pull ! book to pieces1 /rew on ! bottom ( ! pan a h&ful ( p[d]$ alum1 on ?is p\r a quantity ( boil+ wat]4 ,imm]se ea* section leaf by leaf 9 ! liquid1 & all[ to rema9 = "s h\rs4 ,x may be f\nd r difficult to get ! %eets to g "u ! wat]2 & z "o _c press !m "u by h&1 on acc\nt ( ! heat1 make a sub/itute by wrapp+ /rips ( l95 on ! end ( a piece ( wood2 keep ?is h&y1 x w be f\nd v useful2 be+ r\nd at ! end1 & s(t1 x does n te> or g ?r\gh ! pap]1 z w any?+ %>p4 ,! alum wat] w1 aft] a "t1 become v discol\r$2 ?is is only ! /a9 & o!r dirt extract$ f ! pap]2 ?r[ ?is away by tipp+ ! di%1 or by ! use ( ! syphon2 add fre% wat]1 ei!r w>m or cold1 b pref]ably w>m1 to dissolve any excess ( alum t may h soak$ into ! pap]1 & to fur!r cle> x4 ,aft] a "t ! :ole book may be tak5 out1 plac$ betwe5 press+ bo>ds1 & excess ( wat] press$ away by ! lay+ #afb press4 ,! sections are !n c>efully op5$1 & hung ^u l9es or cords /ret*$ across ! work%op to dry4 ,:5 dry1 %\ld ! pap] require x1 pass ! :ole book1 section by section1 or leaf by leaf1 ?r\gh a size1 press1 & aga9 hang up to dry4 ,:5 dry1 x w be ready = re-b9d+4 ,x may happ5 t only a s+le leaf is /a9$2 d n cut ?is out z is usually done1 b wet a piece ( f9e /r+1 :i* lay on ! leaf z f> 9 ! back z possible2 close ! book & all[ to rema9 a few m9utes2 ! leaf may !n be readily drawn out1 ! moi/ure ( ! /r+ hav+ made ! pap] s(t :]e x 0 plac$4 ,x may !n be clean$1 & :5 dry & press$1 replac$4 ,damp /a9s may be treat$ z = wat] /a9s1 b1 z a rule1 a book damag$ by damp has little or no *ance ( be+ made good aga94 ,a book s damag$ c only be /r5g!n$ by re-siz+ or "s artificial means4 ,to re-size leaves t _c be plung$ into ! solution1 ! siz+ may be done ) a s(t bru%4 ,place ! leaf on a piece ( glass or m>ble1 & use ! bru% to ! leaf z "o w\ld d 9 pa/+2 :5 siz$1 lift ! leaf up v g5tly & lay x out on pap] to dry2 :5 dry1 ! rev]se side is treat$ 9 l mann]2 or a ?9 pap] ( a transp>5t "* may be pa/$ ov] ! pages1 ei!r on "o or bo? sides4 ,mud4--,luckily a book /a9$ ) mud is n ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,mud seems to be a comb9ation ( all t is objectionable1 g5]ally x is a mixture ( iron & grease4 ,wa% ! leaf well 9 cold wat]1 !n 9 a weak solution ( muriatic acid1 aft] :i*1 plunge 9 a weak solution ( *loride ( lime4 ,r9se well1 dry1 & size4 ,sometimes x w be necess>y to wa% ! leaf ) soap wat]4 ,make a soap solution1 & g5tly g ov] ! :ole %eet ) a s(t bru%1 a %av+ bru% = in/ance2 ?is may be done by lay+ ! leaf on a slab ( glass3 use great c>e ) #afc ! bru%1 or ! surface ( ! pap] w be abrais$2 aft] :i*1 r9se well ) wat]4 ,v (t5 su* /a9s1 if fre%1 w disappe> if a f9e jet ( wat] be all[$ to play on ! p>ts dirti$1 ! wat] be+ eject$ ?r\gh a f9e rose jet4 ,fox-m>ks4--,books s /a9$ may g5]ally be clean$ by imm]s+ ! leaves into a weak solution ( hydro*loric acid2 "o mu/ n make ! ba? too /rong1 #a_/b ounce ( ! acid to #a p9t ( wat]1 us+ ! ba? hot1 w be f\nd ab\t "r4 ,%\ld ! m>ks n give to ?is treatm5t1 plunge ! book1 %eet by %eet1 into a weak ba? ( *lor9e wat]4 ,! book may be left 9 = "s h\rs1 tak5 out & replac$ 9 ! hydro*loric ba?2 aft] a half h\r x may be r9s$ ) cold wat]1 hung up to dry1 & siz$4 ,f+]-m>ks1 commonly call$ 8?umb-m>ks40--,^! are ! mo/ difficult to erase1 ! dirt be+ g5]ally ( a greasy nature1 & =c$ into ! fibres ( ! pap]4 ,make a jelly ( :ite or curd soap1 apply to ! /a91 & leave x on = "s "t1 !n wa% away g5tly by means ( a s(t bru% :ile ! leaf is 9 cold wat]2 ?is w1 z a rule1 take all1 or ne>ly all1 away4 ,a slight r9s+ 9 v weak acid wat]1 aga9 ) cold wat]1 & :5 dry size4 ,blood /a9s4--,! leaves /a9$ mu/ be plung$ into cold wat]2 :5 ?or\ghly soak$1 ! /a9s may be wa%$ ) a s(t bru% *>g$ ) soap1 !n well r9s$ ) wat] aga94 ,dry4 ,if hot wat] be us$1 ! heat r5d]s ! album5 ( ! blood insoluble1 & ! /a9 w be difficult to erase4 ,ink /a9s 7writ+74--,"s inks are m difficult to erase ?an o!rs4 ,z a rule ink gives way if ! writ+ be treat$ ) a solution ( oxalic acid1 & aft]w>ds to a weak solution ( *loride ( lime4 ,x is p]haps bett] to imm]se ! :ole leaf 9 ! solution1 z ! lime is likely to blea* & leave a m>k2 ! leaf %\ld 9 any #afd case be plung$ 9 w>m wat] aft]w>ds1 to wa% away ! lime & acid1 &1 aft] dry+1 x %\ld be siz$4 ,ink /a9s 7m>k+ ink1 silv]7 may be remov$ by a solution ( t9cture ( iod9e2 nitrate ( silv]1 ! basis ( ! ink1 is *ang$ into iodide ( silv]1 ?is is !n treat$ ) a solution ( cyanide ( potassium4 ,x may p]haps be necess>y to repeat ?is two or ?ree times2 :5 q dissolv$ out1 x mu/ be well wa%$4 ,z ! cyanide is a deadly poison1 "o may sub/itute hyposulphite ( sodium4 ,fat /a9s4--7#a47 ,place a piece ( blott+-pap] on ea* side ( ! /a91 apply a hot poli%+ iron v c>efully to ! pap]2 ?is w1 9 mo/ cases1 melt ! fat1 :i* w be absorb$ by ! blott+-pap]4 7#b47 ,scrape pipe clay1 or ,fr5* *alk1 :i* place on ! /a91 !n use ! hot iron4 ,! iron mu/ n be us$ too hot1 or ! pap] w be scor*$2 a piece ( pap] %\ld always be plac$ betwe5 ! iron & ! leaf /a9$4 ,! p[d] may be aft]w>ds bru%$ away4 7#c47 ,may be remov$ by wa%+ ! leaf ) e!r1 or b5zol9e1 plac+ a pad ( blott+-pap] "u & ov] ! leaf1 dabb+ ! b5zol9e or e!r on ! spot ) a piece ( cotton wool4 ,?is process mu/ n be conduct$ ne> a flame1 bo? are highly inflammable4 7#d47 ,a mixture ( #a "p nitric acid1 #aj p>ts wat]1 is useful 9 _m in/ances = oil /a9s4 ,:5 eras$1 plunge ! :ole %eet or leaf into wat]1 *ang+ ! wat] sev]al times4 ,dry & size4 ,ink4--,:5 ! writ+-pap] has be5 made f inf]ior rags blea*$ ) excess ( *lor9e ! be/ ink becomes discol\r$4 ,reviv+ old writ+s4--7#a47 ,bru% ! pap] ov] c>efully ) a solution ( sulpho-cyanide ( potassium 7#a 9 #bj74 ,!n1 :ile /ill damp1 hold ov] a di% conta9+ hot muriatic acid2 ! writ+ w develop deep r$4 #afe 7#b47 ,wa% ! writ+ ) a v weak solution ( hydro*loric acid1 !n c>efully apply infusion ( galls4 7#c47 ,= lett]s t h be5 9 sea wat]1 wa% ) w>m wat] to remove ! salt1 !n soak 9 weak solution ( gallic acid1 ab\t #c gra9s to ! ounce4 ,if ?is does n make ! writ+ legible en\gh1 wa% ?or\ghly 9 clean wat]1 & soak 9 a solution ( protosulphate ( iron1 #aj gra9s to ! ounce4 ,to re/ore writ+ effac$ by *lor9e4--7#a47 ,expose ! writ+ to ! vap\r ( sulphuret ( ammonia1 or dip x into a solution ( ! sulphuret4 7#b47 ,f]ro-cyanide ( potassium1 #e p>ts4 ,wat]1 #he p>ts4 ,dissolve & imm]se ! pap] 9 ! fluid1 !n slightly acidulate ! solution ) sulphuric acid4 ,guitaud discov]$ t sulphuret ( ammonia & prussiate ( pota% revives writ+ effac$ by oxymuriatic acid4 ,to re/ore ,,mss4 fad$ by "t4--,a mod]ately conc5trat$ solution ( tann9 wa%$ ov] ! pap]4 ,! ,,ms4 to be c>efully dri$4 ,to pres]ve draw+s or manuscripts4--,mix ) e #ajj p>ts ( collodion #b p>ts ( /]9e4 ,place ! pap] 9 "q on a p]fectly level & ev5 surface1 su* z a m>ble table or l>ge slab ( glass4 ,give ! pap] a ?9 coat ( ?is collodion1 & 9 ab\t tw5ty m9utes x w be protect$ by a transp>5t1 brilliant1 & imp]i%able envelope4 ,to fix draw+s or p5cil m>ks4--,pass ! pap] ?r\gh a ba? ( ?9 size1 made ei!r f gelat9e or is+lass2 or a ba? ( skim milk4 ,to r5d] pap] wat]pro(4--,take ( borax #ajj p>ts1 wat] #b1bej p>ts2 boil1 & :ile /irr+1 gradually add p[d]$ %ellac #cjj p>ts4 ,:5 ! :ole is dissolv$1 /ra9 ?r\gh musl94 ,?is w keep a long "t & may be bottl$4 #aff ,to r5d] pap] incombu/ible4--,pass ! pap] ?r\gh a /rong solution ( alum1 & hang up to dry4 ,! foll[+1 tak5 f ! 8,engli% ,me*anic10 ,june #ai?1 #ahgd1 is1 ,i ?9k1 ( great use to ! pr(essional re/or] ( old books1 & w give ! b9d] an idea ( :at has to be done sometimes3-- 8,,deciph]+ ,,burnt ,,docum5ts4 8,m4 ,ra!lot1 an (fic] ( ! ,p>is ,law ,c\rts1 has succe$$ 9 an +5i\s mann] 9 transcrib+ a numb] ( ! regi/]s :i* 7 burnt dur+ ! ,commune4 ,^! regi/]s _h rema9$ s long 9 ! fire t ea* ( !m seem$ to h become a homog5e\s block1 m l a slab ( *>coal ?an any?+ else2 & :5 an attempt 0 made to deta* a leaf x fell away into p[d]4 8,he fir/ cut (f ! back ( ! book2 he !n /eep$ ! book 9 wat]1 & aft]w>ds expos$ x1 all wet z x 01 to ! heat at ! m\? ( a w>m+ pipe 7calorifre74 ,! wat] z x evaporat$ rais$ ! leaves "o by "o1 & !y c\ld be sep>at$1 b ) extraord9>y precaution4 ,ea* %eet 0 !n deciph]$ & transcrib$4 ,! appe>ance ( ! pages 0 v curi\s--! writ+ appe>$ ( a dull black1 :ile ! pap] 0 ( a lu/r\s black1 some?+ l velvet decorations on a black sat9 gr\nd1 s t ! entries 7 n difficult to deciph]40 ,insects4--,a libr>y has g5]ally ?ree k9ds ( enemies to be gu>d$ aga9/1 viz43 insects1 dampness1 & rats or mice4#ab #ab ,blades1 9 8 8,enemies ( ,books10 includes bookb9d]s4 ,ev]yone is suppos$ to "k h[ to gu>d aga9/ dampness & rats or mice4 ,sev]al means are kn[n h[ to keep insects at a di/ance4 ,! fir/ consi/s 9 ! #afg prop] *oice ( woods = ! book-case3 ^! are c$>1 cypress1 mahogany1 s&al1 or v dry & s\nd oak4 ,all ^! are compact or ( v /rong aroma1 & are su* z insects d n l to pi]ce4 ,ano!r s\rce ( dang] is ! use ( *emicals 9 ! b9d+ ( books4 ,! insects t make ravages 9 books multiply v rapidly1 & v few libr>ies are free f !m4 ,! microscopic eggs t are left by ! female give bir? to a small grub1 :i* pi]ces ! lea!r bo>ds & book = its n\ri%m5t1 & to get to ! air4 ,^! are famili>ly call$ bookworms1 b by ! sci5tific _w !y are kn[n z hypo!nemus eruditus :i* eats ! lea!r1 & anobium /riatum :i* bores ?r\gh ! pap]4 ,! l>v ( ! d]me/es also attack wood z well z books4 ,an in/ance ( h[ ^! insects 7 once manag$3--,m4 ,fabbroni1 ,director ( ! ,museum ( ,flor5ce1 :o possess$ a magnific5t libr>y1 f\nd1 aft] a ye>'s abs5ce1 9 ! wood & furniture1 great havoc made by insects1 & 8 books spoilt by ! l>v1 s mu* s t x gave a fair promise ( ! total de/ruction ( ! :ole1 unless he c\ld f9d a me?od to ext]m9ate ! pe/s4 ,he fir/ pa9t$ ! holes ov] ) wax1 b %ortly aft] he f\nd new worms :i* kill$ e p>ticle ( wood !y t\*$4 ,he plung$ ! ord9>y wood 9 ars5ic & oil1 & o!r portions he ano9t$ once e mon? ) olive oil1 9 :i* he _h boil$ ars5ic1 until ! col\r & od\r ann\nc$ t ! solution 0 p]fect4 ,! numb] !n dim9i%$4 ,b a simil> me?od c\ld n be employ$ = books4 ,m4 ,fabbroni resolv$ to ano9t ! back & sides ) aqua=tis2 9 an in/ant ! d]me/es ab&on$ _! habitation1 & w&]$ to ! wood2 ! oil hav+ evaporiz$ !y comm5c$ to develop aga91 & aga9 began _! attacks on ! newly b\nd books4 ,he saw among/ ! _m spoilt books "o #afh rema9+ intact1 & on inquiry f\nd t turp5t9e _h be5 us$ 9 ! pa/e4 ,he !n ord]$ t = ! future all pa/e %\ld be mix$ ) "s su* poison4 ,?is precaution _h ! b5eficial result4 ,x is n only 9 ,europe t ^! worms make su* ravages 9 libr>ies4 ,9 ! w>m] climes !y appe> to be ev5 m dang]\s4 ,& x is a fact t c]ta9 libr>ies are almo/ a mass ( du/1 by ! books 7& valuable ones7 fall+ to pieces4 ,ne>ly all au?ors on ?is subject agree t ! pa/e :i* is us$ is ! fir/ cause1 or a great help1 to all ! wa/e committ$ by ^! dang]\s bibliophobes4 ,!n some?+ mu/ be put into ! pa/e :i* w resi/ all ^! insects & keep !m at a di/ance4 ,! mo/ suitable = ?is is a m9]al salt1 su* z alum or vitriol2 vegetable salts1 su* z pota%1 dissolve readily 9 a moi/ air & make m>ks or spots 9 ! books4 ,f exp]i5ce1 x is mo/ desirable to bani% ev]y?+ t may enc\rage worms1 & z x is v r>e t p]sons :o occupy !mselves ) books are n 9 want ( pa/e1 = "s repairs or o!r1 ei!r to ! b9d+s or to ! books1 subjo9$ is a me?od ( pres]v+ ! pa/e & keep+ x moi/ & free f insects4 ,alum1 z employ$ by b9d]s1 is n an absolute pres]vative1 al?\gh x contributes greatly to ! pres]vation ( ! lea!r4 ,res9 z us$ by %oemak]s is pref]able1 & 9 effect works 9 ! same way2 b oil ( turp5t9e has a great] effect4 ,any?+ ( /rong od\r1 l anise$1 b]gamot1 mix$ p]fectly b 9 small quantities1 pres]ves ! pa/e dur+ an unlimit$ "t4 ,or1 make ! pa/e ) fl\r1 ?r[ 9 a small quantity ( gr\nd sug> & a portion ( corrosive sublimate4 ,! sug> makes x pliant & prev5ts ! =mation ( cru/ on ! top4 ,! sublimate prev5ts insects & f]m5tation4 ,?is salt does n prev5t moi/ure1 b z two or #afi ?ree drops ( oil are suffici5t to prev5t x1 all causes ( de/ruction are ?us gu>d$ aga9/4 ,?is pa/e expos$ to ! air h>d5s )\t decomposition4 ,if x is kept 9 an air-tight pot or j>1 x w be always ready1 )\t any o!r prep>ation4 ,books plac$ 9 a libr>y %\ld be ?or\ghly du/$ two or ?ree times a ye>1 n only to keep !m 9 all _! fre%ness1 b also to prev5t any developm5t ( insects & to exam9e = signs ( dampness4 ,! int]ior ( a book also asks t c>e1 :i* un=tunately is neglect$ v (t54 ,aft] hav+ tak5 a book f ! %elves x %\ld n be op5$ be=e asc]ta9+ if ! top edge be du/y4 ,if x is a book t has _h ! edge cut1 ! du/ %\ld be remov$ ) a s(t du/]1 or simply bl[n (f4 ,if x is a book :i* has uncut edges x %\ld be bru%$ ) r a h>d bru%4 ,by ?is me?od 9 op5+ ! volume "o ne$ n be afraid t ! dirt w ent] betwe5 ! leaves & soil !m4 ,glue4--,! be/ glue may be kn[n by its pal5ess1 b ,fr5* glue is n[ manufactur$ ( inf]ior quality1 made pale by ! use ( acid1 b :i* on boil+ turns almo/ black4 ,good glue imm]s$ 9 wat] = a day w n dissolve1 b swell1 :ile inf]ior w p>tly or :olly d s1 accord+ to quality4 ,9 prep>+ glue1 a few cakes %\ld be brok5 into pieces & plac$ 9 wat] = twelve h\rs1 !n boil$ & turn$ out into a pan to get cold2 :5 cold1 pieces may be cut out & plac$ 9 ! glue-pot z want$4 ,?is naturally ref]s to :5 l>ge quantities are us$1 b small portions may be boil$ 9 ! glue-pot aft] soak+ 9 wat]4 ,glue loses a great deal ( its /r5g? by frequ5t re-melt+4 ,x %\ld always be us$ z hot z possible4 ,rice glue or pa/e4--,by mix+ rice fl\r intimately ) #agj cold wat]1 & !n g5tly boil+ x1 a beautifully :ite & /rong pa/e is made4 ,x dries almo/ transp>5t1 & is a mo/ useful pa/e = f9e or delicate "w4 ,pa/e4--,= ord9>y purposes pa/e consi/s simply ( fl\r made into a ?9 cream ) wat] & boil$4 ,x !n =ms a /iffi% mass1 :i* may be dilut$ ) wat] s z to br+ x to any requir$ condition4 ,x is sometimes ( advantage to add a little common glue to ! pa/e4 ,:]e pa/e is kept = a long "t1 v>i\s +r$i5ts may be add$ to prev5t s\r+ & m\ld+4 ,a few cloves =m p]haps ! be/ pres]vative = small quantities2 on ! l>g] scale c>bolic acid may be us$2 salicylic acid is also a good pres]vative1 a few gra9s add$ to ! fre%ly prep>$ pa/e w entirely prev5t s\r+ & m\ld+4 ,pa/e is n[ made on a comm]cial scale by v>i\s ,pa/e ,cos41 :o s5d x out to all p>ts4 ,! pa/e is exce$+ly good1 & keeps a long "t4 ,photographs4--,a few words respect+ ! treatm5t ( photographs may n be out ( place "h4 ,to remove a photograph f an old or dirty m\nt1 ! surplus ( ! m\nt %\ld be cut away2 x %\ld !n be put into a plate ( cold wat] & be all[$ to float (f4 ,a little w>m wat] w assi/ 9 its com+ away m easily1 b %\ld x n d s1 ! photograph has probably be5 m\nt$ ) a solution ( india-rubb]1 & 9 t case1 by hold+ x ne> ! fire1 ! rubb] w s(t51 & ! pr9t may easily be peel$ (f4 ,v hot wat] is likely to set up a reaction if ! pr9ts 7 n well wa%$ by ! photograph] :5 fir/ s5t out4 ,9 m\nt+ photographs1 :ite bo>ds %\ld1 z a rule1 be avoid$1 because ! col\r ( ! bo>ds is m pure ?an ! lights ( ! photograph1 & dead5 ! effect4 ,a ton$ or t9t$ bo>d is m suitable4 #aga ,!y %\ld be damp$1 & ev5ly trimm$ & pa/$ all ov] ) ?9 be/ glue or />*1 & well rubb$ d[n ) a piece ( clean pap] ov] ! pr9t4 ,if any ( ! glue or />* oozes out f ! sides1 x %\ld be wip$ (f ) a clean damp sponge4 ,z photographs lose _! gloss 9 m\nt+1 !y mu/ be roll$ aft]w>ds 9 ord] to re/ore x4 ,a special ma*9e is us$ = ?is4 ,b x may be wi%$ to introduce ! silv] pr9t )\t m\nt+ on a bo>d4 ,to d s1 & to keep ! pr9t /raight1 pa/e a v ?9 pap] on ! back1 /ret*+ ! pap] well2 ?is w c\nt]act ! pull+ p[] album5 has1 & ! pr9t w1 if ?is be done prop]ly1 rema9 p]fectly /raight & n curl up4 ,album54--,desiccat$ egg-album5 is n[ well kn[n 9 ! m>ket 9 ! =m ( p[d]4 ,?ree teaspoonfuls ( cold wat] add$ to e #a_/b teaspoonful ( p[d] repres5ts ! normal consi/5cy ( egg-album54#ac #ac ,see ,*apt] on ,f9i%+--8,album540 ,! manufacture ( egg-album5 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,mosc[ is c>ri$ on 9 ! h\ses ( ! c\ntry p4 ,! album5 h[ev] is g5]ally r\ghly prep>$ & ( bad appe>ance1 & (t5 spoils4 ,b egg-album5 is also produc$ on a manufactur+ scale 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,korots*a1 ! l>ge/ e/abli%m5t !re numb]+ sixty to sev5ty workwom51 us+ ab\t eight million eggs ye>ly1 o!r e/abli%m5ts us+ less 9 proportion4 ,album5 is also l>gely manufactur$ f blood2 #e ox5 or #bj %eep or #cd calves are said to yield ! same quantity ( dry album51 viz41 #b lbs4 ,9 produc+ blood-album5 = comm]ce1 ! objects borne 9 m9d are ! atta9m5t ( a sub/ance ^: solution is free f col\r1 possesses coagulation1 & :i* is *eap4 ,to prev5t tools1 ma*9es1 etc41 f ru/+4--,boil$ l9se$ oil1 if all[$ to dry on poli%$ tools1 w keep !m #agb f ru/+2 ! oil =ms a coat ov] !m :i* excludes contact f air4 ,dissolve #a_/b oz4 ( camphor 9 #a lb4 ( l>d2 take (f ! scum1 & mix z mu* blacklead z w give ! mixture an iron col\r4 ,all k9ds ( ma*9]y1 iron or /eel1 if rubb$ ov] ) ?is mixture1 & left on = #bd h\rs1 & !n rubb$ ) a l95 clo?1 w keep clean = mon?s4 ,to clean silv] m\nt+s4--,to re/ore ! col\r ( t>ni%$ silv] clasps1 etc41 boil ! goods1 ei!r silv] or plat$1 9 en\gh wat] to cov] !m4 ,= e p9t ( wat] put into x #b ounces ( c>bonate ( pota% & a #a_/d lb4 ( :it+4 ,aft] boil+ !m = ab\t a qu>t] ( an h\r1 clean ) a lea!r1 bru%1 & :it+4 ,!y w !n look z good z new4 ,to clean sponges4--,soak ! sponge well 9 dilut$ muriatic acid = twelve h\rs4 ,wa% well1 !n imm]se 9 a solution ( hyposulphate ( soda to :i* a few drops ( muriatic acid has be5 add$ a few mom5ts be=e4 ,:5 suffici5tly blea*$1 wa% well1 & dry 9 a curr5t ( air4 #agc ,,gloss>y ,,( ,,! ,,te*nical ,,t]ms ,,& ,,implem5ts ,,us$ ,,9 ,,bookb9d+4 ,,all-,,along4--,:5 a volume is sew$1 & ! ?read passes f kettle-/it* to kettle-/it*1 or f end to end 9 ea* %eet1 x is said to be sew$ 8all-along40 ,,arm+ ,,press4--,a species ( block+ press us$ by h&2 s call$ f ! use ( x to impress armorial be>+s on ! sides ( books4 ,,a/]isk4--,a /> us$ by pr9t]s at ! bottom ( ! pages meant to supply ! places ( ^? cancell$ 7see also ,,cancel74 ,,back+ ,,bo>ds4--,us$ :5 back+ & = =m+ ! groove4 ,!y are made ( v h>d wood1 & sometimes fac$ ) iron2 are ?ick] on ! edge int5d$ to =m ! groove ?an ^u ! edge t goes t[>ds ! =$ge1 s t ! :ole p[] ( ! ly+ press may be direct$ t[>ds ! back4 ,,back+ ,,hamm]4--,! hamm] us$ = back+ & r\nd+2 x has a broad flat face simil> to a %oemak]'s hamm]4 ,,back+ ,,ma*9e4--,a ma*9e = back+ *eap "w4 ,,b&s4--,! cord :]eon ! %eets ( a volume are sewn4 ,:5 a book is sewn 8flexible0 ! b&s appe> ^u ! back4 ,:5 ! back is sewn s z to imb$ ! cord 9 ! back1 ! appe>ance ( rais$ b&s is produc$ by glu+ n>r[ /rips ( lea!r across ! back be=e ! volume is cov]$4 ,,b& ,,driv]4--,a blunt *isel us$ 9 =w>d+1 to correct any irregul>ities 9 ! b&s ( flexible backs4 ,,b& ,,nipp]s4--,flat p9c]s us$ = nipp+ up ! b& 9 cov]+4 ,,bead+4--,! small twi/ =m$ :5 twi/+ ! silk or cotton 9 head-b&+4 ,,beat+ ,,hamm]4--,! heavy %ort-h&l$ hamm] us$ 9 beat+ 7g5]ally ab\t #aj lbs474 ,,beat+ ,,/one4--,! b$ on :i* books are beat54 ,,bevell$ ,,bo>ds4--,v heavy bo>ds ) bevell$ edges2 us$ = antique "w4 ,,ble$4--,:5 a book has be5 cut d[n into ! pr9t x is said to h be5 bl$4 ,,bl9d-,,tool$4--,:5 a book has be5 impress$ ) tools #agd )\t be+ gilt1 x is said to be 8bl9d-tool$0 or 8antique40 ,,block+ ,,press4--,ano!r & m g5]al t]m = ! arm+ press2 "o ( ! *ief implem5ts us$ 9 clo? "w4 ,us$ = f9i%+ ! side ( a cov] by a me*anical process4 ,,blocks ,,or ,,block+ ,,tools4--,an engrav$ /amp us$ = f9i%+ by means ( ! block+ press4 ,,bo>ds4--,are ( v>i\s k9ds1 ea* d5ot+ ! "w x is int5d$ =1 su* z press+ bo>ds1 back+1 cutt+1 burni%+1 gild+1 etc4 ,,bodk94--,a /rong & %ort po9t ( /eel fix$ 9 a wood5 h&le1 = mak+ ! holes ?r\gh ! mill-bo>ds4 ,! slips ^u ! back ( ! book are lac$ ?r\gh ! holes = atta*+ ! mill-bo>d to ! book4 ,,bole4--,a r$ e>?y m9]al1 resembl+ clay 9 "*1 us$ 9 ! prep>ation = gild+ edges4 ,,bolt4--,! fold 9 ! head & =$ge ( ! %eets4 ,! iron b> ) a screw & nut :i* secures ! knife to ! pl\gh4 ,,bosses4--,brass or o!r metal ornam5tations fa/5$ ^u ! bo>ds ( books2 = ornam5t or pres]vation4 ,,brok5 ,,ov]4--,:5 plates are turn$ ov] or fold$ a %ort di/ance f ! back edge1 be=e !y are plac$ 9 ! volume1 s z to facilitate _! be+ turn$ easily or laid flat1 !y are said to be brok5 ov]4 ,:5 a leaf has be5 turn$ d[n ! pap] is brok54 ,,burni%4--,! gloss produc$ by ! application ( ! burni%] to ! edges4 ,,burni%]s4--,pieces ( agate or blood/one affix$ to conv5i5t h&les4 ,,cancels4--,leaves conta9+ errors :i* are to be cut out & replac$ by correct$ pages 7see ,,a/]isk74 ,,cap4--,! envelope ( pap] us$ to protect ! edges :ile ! volume is be+ cov]$ & f9i%$4 ,,case-,,"w4--,:5 ! cov] is made indep5d5t ( ! book1 ! book be+ aft]w>ds fa/5$ into x4 ,ref]s pr9cipally to clo? & bible "w4 ,,cat*-,,^w4--,a ^w us$ & se5 9 e>ly pr9t$ books at ! bottom ( ! page1 :i* ^w is ! fir/ on ! foll[+ page4 ,to d5ote ! fir/ & la/ ^w 9 an encyclopdia or o!r book ( ref]5ce4 ,,c5tre ,,tools4--,indep5d5t tools cut = ! ornam5tation ( ! c5tre ( panels & sides4 ,,clasp4--,! hook or cat* us$ = fa/5+ ! bo>ds toge!r :5 ! book is clos$2 us$ =m]ly on almo/ e book4 ,,cle>+-,,out4--,remov+ ! wa/e-pap]1 & p>+ away any sup]flu\s lea!r ^u ! inside1 prep>atory to pa/+ d[n ! end-pap]s4 ,,clo?4--,prep>$ calico1 sometimes emboss$ ) diff]5t patt]ns1 us$ = clo? b9d+s4 ,,collat+4--,exam9+ ! %eets by ! signatures aft] ! volume has be5 fold$1 #age to asc]ta9 if !y be 9 correct sequ5ce4 ,,combs4--,in/rum5ts ) wire tee? us$ 9 m>bl+4 ,,corn]s4--,! triangul> tools us$ 9 f9i%+ backs & sides4 ,! lea!r or mat]ial cov]+ ! corn]s ( half-b\nd books4 ,! metal ornam5ts us$ usually 9 keep+ ) clasps4 ,,cropp$4--,:5 a book has be5 cut d[n too mu* x is said to be cropp$4 ,,cut ,,d[n4--,:5 a pl\gh-knife dips d[nw>d out ( ! level x is said to 8cut d[n02 on ! contr>y1 if ! po9t is out ( ! level upw>ds x is said to 8cut up40 ,,cut ,,up4--,same z ! la/ explanation4 ,,div9ity ,,calf4--,a d>k br[n calf us$ g5]ally = religi\s books1 & work$ 9 bl9d or antique4 ,,d5telle4--,z ! ^w expresses4 ,a /yle resembl+ lace "w1 f9i%$ ) v f9ely cut tools4 ,,d\bl$4--,:5 9 work+ a tool a second "t x is inadv]t5tly n plac$ exactly 9 ! previ\s impression1 x is said to be 8d\bl$40 ,,edge-,,roll$4--,:5 ! edges ( ! bo>ds are roll$1 ei!r 9 bl9d or 9 gold4 ,,end-,,pap]s4--,! pap]s plac$ at ea* end ( ! volume & pa/$ d[n ^u ! bo>ds4 ,,fillet4--,a cyl9drical tool us$ 9 f9i%+1 ^u :i* a l9e or l9es are engrav$4 ,,f9i%+4--,! dep>tm5t t receives ! volumes aft] !y are put 9 lea!r4 ,! ornam5ts plac$ on ! volume4 ,! p]son :o works at ?is bran* is t]m$ a f9i%]4 ,,f9i%+ ,,press4--,a small press1 us$ = hold+ books :5 be+ f9i%$4 ,,f9i%+ ,,/ove4--,a heat+ box or fire us$ = w>m+ ! v>i\s tools us$ 9 f9i%+4 ,,flexible4--,:5 a book is sewn on rais$ b&s1 & ! ?read is pass$ entirely r\nd ea* b&4 ,x is ! /ronge/ sew+ done at ! pres5t "t4 ,?is t]m is (t5 misus$ = limp "w1 because ! bo>ds are limp or flexible4 ,,fold]4--,a flat piece ( bone or ivory us$ 9 fold+ %eets1 & 9 _m o!r manipulations2 call$ also a fold+ /ick4 ,a female engag$ 9 fold+ %eets4 ,,fold+ ,,ma*9e4--,a ma*9e inv5t$ to fold %eets1 g5]ally us$ 9 newspap] (fices4 ,,=$ge4--,! front edge ( a book4 ,,=w>d+4--,! bran* t takes ! books aft] !y are sew$1 & advances !m until !y are put into lea!r ready = ! f9i%]4 ,! "o :o works at ?is bran* is call$ a =w>d]4 ,,full-,,b\nd4--,:5 ! sides & back ( a volume are cov]$ ) lea!r x is said to be full-b\nd4 ,,ga!r+4--,collect+ ! v>i\s %eets f piles :5 fold$1 s t ! #agf arrangem5t foll[s ! sequ5ce ( ! signature4 ,,gilt4--,applies to bo? ! edges & to ! ornam5ts 9 f9i%+4 ,,glaire4--,! :ite ( eggs beat5 up4 ,,gold ,,cu%ion4--,a cu%ion = cutt+ ! gold leaf on4 ,,gold ,,knife4--,! knife = cutt+ ! gold2 long & q /raight4 ,,g\ge4--,a tool us$ 9 f9i%+2 x is a l9e =m+ ! segm5t ( a circle4 ,,gra9+ ,,bo>ds4--,bo>ds us$ = produc+ a gra9 on calf & russia books4 ,gra9 ( v>i\s =m is cut 9 wood1 & by pressure ! lea!r ^u :i* ! bo>ds are laid receives ! impression4 ,,gra9+ ,,plates4--,metal plates same z above4 ,,gu>ds4--,/rips ( pap] ins]t$ 9 ! backs or books int5d$ = ! ins]tion ( plates1 to prev5t ! book be+ unev5 :5 fill$2 also ! /rips ^u :i* plates are m\nt$4 ,,guides4--,! groove 9 :i* ! pl\gh moves ^u ! face ( ! cutt+ press4 ,,guillot9e4--,a ma*9e us$ = cutt+ pap]4 ,,gu9ea-,,edge4--,a roll ) a patt]n simil> to ! edge ( an old gu9ea4 ,,half-,,b\nd4--,:5 a volume is cov]$ ) lea!r ^u ! back & corn]s2 & ! sides ) pap] or clo?4 ,,h&-,,lett]s4--,lett]s fix$ 9 h&les2 us$ s+ly = lett]+4 ,,head ,,& ,,tail4--,! top & bottom ( a book4 ,,head-,,b&4--,! silk or cotton ornam5t work$ at ! head & tail ( a volume1 z a f9i% & to make ! back ev5 ) ! bo>ds4 ,,imp]fections4--,%eets reject$ on acc\nt ( be+ 9 "s respect imp]fect1 & = :i* o!rs are requir$ to make ! "w complete4 ,,9 ,,bo>ds4--,:5 a volume is cut aft] ! mill-bo>ds are atta*$1 x is said to be cut 9 bo>ds4 ,,inset4--,! inn] pages ( a %eet1 cut (f 9 fold+ c]ta9 sizes2 to be inset 9 ! c5tre ( ! %eet4 ,,jo9ts4--,! projection =m$ 9 back+ to admit ! mill-bo>ds4 ,! lea!r or clo? plac$ f ! projection on to ! mill-bo>d is call$ a jo9t4 ,,kettle-,,/it*4--,! *a9-/it* :i* ! sew] makes at ! head & tail ( a book4 ,a corruption ( ei!r *a9-/it*1 or cat*-up /it*4 ,,keys4--,little metal in/rum5ts us$ to secure ! b&s to ! sew+ press4 ,,knock+-,,d[n ,,iron4--,a piece ( iron hav+ a small leg 9 ! c5tre by :i* x is secur$ 9 ! ly+ press4 ,:5 fa/5$ !re x is us$ to p\nd or beat ) a hamm] ! slips into ! bo>ds aft] !y are lac$ 91 s t !y d n %[ :5 ! book is cov]$4 ,,lac$ ,,94--,:5 ! mill-bo>ds are atta*$ to ! volume by means ( ! slips be+ pass$ ?r\gh holes #agg made 9 ! bo>ds1 !y are said to be lac$ 9 or drawn 94 ,,law ,,calf4--,law books are usually b\nd 9 calf left :olly uncol\r$1 h5ce ! t]m = :ite calf4 ,,lett]+ ,,block4--,a piece ( wood1 ! upp] surface be+ slightly r\nd$1 ^u :i* side labels are lett]$4 ,,lett]+ ,,box4--,a wood5 box 9 :i* h&-lett]s are kept 7see ,,h&-,,lett]s74 ,,l9+-,,pap]s4--,! col\r$ or m>bl$ pap] at ea* end ( ! volume4 ,call$ also end-pap]s4 ,,m>bl]4--,"o :o m>bles ! edges ( books & pap]4 ,,m>bl+4--,! art ( float+ v>i\s col\rs on a size1 f :i* x is transf]r$ to pap] or book edges4 ,to /a9 or ve9 lea!r l m>ble4 ,,m>k+-,,up4--,:5 ! back ( a book is be+ m>k$ = flexible sew+4 ,,mill-,,bo>d4--,! bo>ds t are atta*$ to ! book4 ,v>i\s k9ds are 9 use n[2 ! mo/ common is made ( /raw1 ! be/ ( old naval cordage4 ,,mitr$4--,:5 ! l9es 9 f9i%+ meet ea* o!r at "r angles )\t ov]runn+ ea* o!r1 !y are said to be mitr$4 ,jo9$ at an angle ( #de4 ,,mutton-,,?ump+4--,a t]m us$ 9 bygone days1 indicat+ ! common b9d+ ( s*ool books 9 %eep-sk94 ,,mutton-,,?ump]4--,an old t]m indicat+ a bad workman4 ,,(f-,,set4--,! impression made by ! pr9t aga9/ ! opposite page1 :5 a book has be5 roll$ or beat5 be=e ! ink be dri$4 7,also ,,set-,,(f47 ,,out ,,( ,,bo>ds4--,:5 a volume is cut be=e ! bo>ds are affix$1 x is done out ( bo>ds4 ,ne>ly ! :ole ( common "w is done out ( bo>ds4 ,,out ,,( ,,tru?4--,:5 a book is n cut squ>e4 ,,ov]ca/+4--,an op]ation 9 sew+1 :5 ! "w consi/s ( s+le leaves or plates4 ,ov]-sew+4 ,,pallet4--,! tools us$ = f9i%+ across backs4 ,,panel4--,! space betwe5 ! b&s4 ,,pap]+-,,up4--,cov]+ ! edges aft] !y are gilt1 to protect !m :ile ! volume is be+ cov]$ & f9i%$ 7see ,,cap74 ,,p>+4--,r$uc+ ! edges ( ! lea!r by =m+ a gradual slope4 ,,p>+ ,,knife4--,! knife us$ = p>+4 ,,pa/e-,,wa%4--,pa/e dilut$ ) wat]4 ,,peel4--,a wood5 in/rum5t us$ to hang up damp %eets = dry+4 ,,p5cil4--,a small bru% ( camel's hair us$ = glair+4 ,,piec$4--,any space t has ano!r lea!r ^u x1 z a lett]+ piece4 ,,pl\gh4--,! in/rum5t us$ = cutt+ ! edges :5 ! book is 9 ! ly+ press4 ,,pl\gh ,,knife4--,! knife atta*$ to ! pl\gh4 #agh ,,poli%]4--,a /eel in/rum5t = giv+ a gloss to ! lea!r aft] f9i%+4 ,,press4--,( v>i\s k9ds1 viz43 ly+1 cutt+1 /&+1 block+1 f9i%+1 etc4 ,,press ,,p94--,a b> ( iron us$ z a lev] = /&+ presses2 a small] k9d = ly+ presses4 ,,press+ ,,blocks4--,blocks ( wood us$ = fill+ up a /&+ press :5 !re are n en\gh books4 ,,press+ ,,bo>ds4--,bo>ds us$ = press+ books betwe54 ,,pro(4--,! r\gh edges ( c]ta9 leaves left uncut by ! pl\gh1 are 8pro(0 t ! book is n cut d[n 7see also ,,witness74 ,,rasp$4--,! %>p edge tak5 (f mill-bo>ds4 ,,regi/]4--,! ribbon plac$ 9 a volume = a m>k]4 ,a li/ ( signatures atta*$ to ! end ( e>ly-pr9t$ books = ! use ( ! b9d]4 ,9 pr9t+--:5 on look+ ?r\gh a leaf ! pr9t on ! recto & v]so is n exactly opposite1 x is said to be out ( regi/]4 ,,roll+ ,,ma*9e4--,a ma*9e introduc$ to save ! lab\r ( beat+1 ! %eets be+ pass$ betwe5 two revolv+ cyl9d]s4 ,,rolls4--,cyl9drical ornam5tal tools us$ 9 f9i%+4 ,,runn]4--,! front bo>d us$ 9 cutt+ edges4 ,,run-,,up4--,:5 ! back has a fillet ran f head to tail )\t be+ mitr$ at ea* b&1 x is said to be 8run-up40 ,,saw+-,,94--,:5 ! back is sawn = ! reception ( ! cord 9 sew+4 ,,saw+ ,,ma*9e4--,a ma*9e = saw+ ! backs ( books quickly4 ,,sett+ ,,! ,,head-,,b&4--,adju/+ ! lea!r 9 cov]+ s z to =m a k9d ( cap to ! head-b&4 ,,sew]4--,! p]son :o sews ! %eets toge!r on ! sew+ press--g5]ally a female4 ,,sew+ ,,ma*9e4--,a rec5t inv5tion = ! sew+ ( books ) wire & ?read4 ,,%av+ ,,tub4--,! pap] cut f ! edges ( a volume are call$ %av+s4 ,! receptacle into :i* !y fall :ile ! =w>d] is cutt+ is t]m$ ! %av+ tub4 ,,%e>s4--,l>ge scissors us$ = cutt+ up mill-bo>ds4 ,,%eep4--,an old t]m = all common "w cov]$ 9 %eep-sk94 ,,signature4--,! lett] or figure "u ! footl9e ( ! fir/ page ( ea* %eet1 to indicate ! ord] ( arrangem5t 9 ! volume4 ,,size4--,a prep>ation us$ 9 f9i%+ & gild+1 =m]ly made ) vellum1 b c n[ be b\ght ready = use4 ,:5 us$ on pap] a ?9 solution ( glue4 ,,slips4--,! pieces ( tw9e t project beyond ! back ( ! volume aft] x is sewn4 ,,squ>es4--,! portions ( ! bo>ds t project beyond ! edges aft] ! book is cut4 ,,/abb+4--,! t]m us$ =m]ly = pi]c+ ! bo>ds ) a bodk9 = ! slips to pass ?r\gh2 m g5]ally #agi kn[n n[ z 8hole+40 ,! op]ation ( pi]c+ pamphlets = ! purpose ( /it*+4 ,,/abb+ ,,ma*9e4--,a small ma*9e us$ = mak+ ! holes ?r\gh ! backs ( pamphlets4 ,,/&+ ,,press4--,a fix$ heavy press ) a p]p5dicul> screw ov] ! c5tre4 ,,/>t4--,:5 any ( ! leaves are n prop]ly secur$ 9 ! back1 & !y project beyond ! o!rs1 !y are said to h />t$4 ,:5 ! back has be5 brok5 by =c+ ! leaves !y />t4 ,,/iff5]4--,a ?9 mill-bo>d us$ = v>i\s purposes4 ,,/it*+4--,! op]ation ( pass+ ! ?read ?r\gh a pamphlet = ! purpose ( secur+ ! %eets toge!r4 ,,/raight-,,edge4--,a small bo>d hav+ "o edge p]fectly /raight4 ,,/ops4--,small circul> tools1 adapt$ to 8/op0 a fillet :5 x int]sects at "r angles2 us$ to save ! "t mitr+mitre+ w\ld occupy4 ,,t5on ,,saw4--,a small saw us$ by bookb9d]s = saw+ ! books = sew+4 ,m /rictly speak+ a c>p5t]'s tool4 ,,title4--,! space betwe5 ! b&s ^u :i* ! lett]+ is plac$4 ,! leaf 9 ! beg9n+ ( a book describ+ ! subject4 ,,tools4--,appli$ p>ticul>ly to ! h& /amps & tools us$ 9 f9i%+4 ,,trimm+4--,%av+ ! r\gh edge ( ! leaves ( a book t is n to be cut4 ,,tr9dle4--,a ?9 /rip ( wood or iron4 ,,turn+-,,up4--,! process ( cutt+ ! =$ge 9 su* a mann] z to ?r[ ! r\nd out ( ! back until ! edge is cut4 ,all books t are cut 9 bo>ds h a pair ( tr9dles ?ru/ betwe5 ! bo>ds & across ! back to assi/ ! op]ation4 ,,ty+-,,up4--,! ty+ ( a volume aft] ! cov] has be5 drawn on1 s z to make ! lea!r adh]e bett] to ! sides ( ! b&s2 also = sett+ ! head-b&4 ,,type4--,metal lett]s us$ 9 pr9t+ & lett]+4 ,,type-,,hold]4--,an in/rum5t = hold+ ! type :5 us$ = lett]+4 ,,v>ni%4--,us$ z a protection to ! glaire :5 poli%$ on ! cov]s ( books4 ,,:ipp+4--,ano!r t]m = ov]ca/+1 b :5 long] /it*es are made4 ,,witness4--,:5 a volume is cut s z to %[ t x has n be5 s cut d[n1 b t "s ( ! leaves h /ill r\gh edges4 ,^! uncut leaves are call$ 8,witness0 7see ,,pro(74 ,,wr9kle4--,! unev5 surface 9 a volume1 caus$ by n be+ prop]ly press$ or by dampness1 also caus$ by improp] back+4 #aha ,,index4 ,acids1 effect (1 on lea!r1 #acc4 ,advantage1 comp>ative1 ( pa/e & glue1 #ic4 ---- ( flexible b9d+1 #bh4 ---- ( gra9+ calf1 #add4 ---- ( v9eg> ov] pa/e wat] :5 f9i%+1 #abg4 ,album51 #aga4 ,antique f9i%+1 #abb4 ---- tools1 me?od ( work+1 #abb4 ,arm+ press1 #aag4 ,artificial heat1 #df4 ,arti/s' vellum1 #adg4 ,a!num lett] on trimm+1 #dc4 ,azur tools1 #aac4 ,back1 calf1 poli%+ a1 #adj4 ---- f9i%+ a 7cut71 #acj4 ---- full gilt1 #abi4 ---- mitr$1 #abi-aci4 ---- run up1 #abi-adj4 ,backs1 flat1 #dh4 ---- suitable = calf "w 7cut71 #ach4 ,back+1 #dh4 ---- 7cut71 #di4 ---- bo>ds 7cut71 #dh1 #ej4 ---- flexible "w1 #ej4 ---- hamm] 7cut71 #di4 ---- ma*9es1 #ej4 ,b& nipp]s 7cut71 #ic4 ,b&s1 putt+ on1 #hh4 ,b> roll1 #acc4 ,ba?1 effect ^u /a9s ( wrong1 #aeh4 ,beat+1 #i4 ---- hamm] 7cut71 #i4 ---- gold books1 #aj4 ,beat+ /one1 #i4 ,bibles1 etc41 edges (1 #abb4 ---- end pap]s =1 #cc4 ---- f9i%+ (1 #abb4 ,b9d+s1 mona/ic1 #aaa4 ,bl9d f9i%+1 #abb4 ---- ---- beauty (1 #abe4 ---- ---- col\r (1 #abb4 ,block+1 #adi4 ---- calf1 #aec4 ---- clo?1 #aec4 ---- 9 gold1 #aec4 ---- morocco1 #aec4 ---- old me?od (1 #aaf4 ---- press1 #aej4 ---- sides1 #aea4 ---- silk1 #adf4 ---- velvet1 #adf4 ,blocks1 #aea4 ,blood /a9s1 remov+1 #afc4 ,bo>d1 back+1 #dh4 ---- cutt+1 #ed4 ---- trimm+1 #da4 ,bo>ds1 cutt+ 91 #fd4 ---- cutt+ out (1 #fd4 ---- made1 #ee4 ---- = photographs1 #agj4 ,bolt knife 7cut71 #fa4 ,books1 enemies (1 #aff4 ,book-worms1 #afg4 ---- to keep away1 #afh4 ,brass type1 #abi4 ,bread1 clean+ )1 #afa4 ,bronze end pap]1 #cd4 ,bru%1 f+]1 #fh4 ---- spr9kl+1 #fh4 ,burni%]s1 #gi4 ---- edge 7cuts71 #ha4 ,burni%+ edges1 #ha4 ---- m>bl$ pap]1 #gc4 ,burnt docum5ts1 deciph]+1 #aff4 ,burr on knife1 #gi4 ,calf1 back poli%+1 #acg4 ---- block+1 #aec4 ---- ,cambridge1 #ajd4 ---- col\r+1 #ajj4 ---- col\r+1 prep>+ =1 #ajb4 ---- col\r+1 black1 #aja4 ---- col\r+1 br[n1 #ajb4 ---- col\r+1 yell[1 #ajb4 ---- cov]+ 91 #id4 ---- dabb+1 #ajf4 ---- effect ( glue on1 #hi4 ---- extra1 #adb4 ---- f9i%+1 #ace4 ---- gra9+1 #add4 ---- gra9+1 advantage (1 #add4 ---- gre5 & light1 #aci-ada4 ---- h&l+1 #id4 ---- lett]+1 #adj4 ---- m>bl+1 #aje4 ---- m>bl+1 prep>+ =1 #ajd4 ---- neat1 #acg4 ---- pa/+ d[n1 #ii4 ---- sides1 f9i%+1 #ada4 ---- sides1 poli%+1 #adb4 ---- "w1 backs suitable = 7cut71 #ach4 ---- spr9kl+1 #ajc4 ---- spr9kl+1 emblematic1 #ajc4 ---- spr9kl+1 prep>+ =1 #ajc4 ,cambridge calf1 #ajd4 ,capp+ up edges1 #hb4 ,cat's paw1 #ajf4 ,*>coal fire = f9i%+1 #aba4 ,*emical col\r+ ( lea!r1 #acc4 ,*loride ( lime solution1 #aei4 ,*lor9e1 re/or+ writ+ effac$ by1 #afe4 ,clean+1 #aeg4 ---- (f /ick1 #eh-ei4 ---- remov+ s+le leaf =1 #afb4 ,clean+ silv] m\nt+s1 #agb4 ---- sponges1 #agb4 ---- ) india-rubb]1 #afa4 ---- ) bread1 #afa4 ,clo? block+1 #aec4 ---- cov]+ )1 #ie4 ---- jo9ts1 #ch4 ---- smoo?1 #ie4 ,cobb pap]1 #cc4 ,collat+1 #ac4 ,col\r ( bl9d "w1 #abb4 ,col\rs = books1 sugge/$1 #if4 ---- = m>bl+1 #fi4 ---- = spr9kl+1 #fh4 ,col\r$ edges1 fancy1 #fi4 ---- pa/e pap]1 #ce4 ---- plates1 #ag4 ,col\r+ calf1 #ajj4 ---- calf prep>+ =1 #ajb4 ---- calf1 black1 #aja4 ---- calf1 br[n1 #ajb4 ---- yell[1 #ajb4 ,col\r+ edges1 #fg4 ---- ( lea!r1 *emical1 #acc4 ---- pla91 = edges1 #fi4 ,comb m>ble1 #gb4 ,cord1 sizes (1 #bb4 ,cords1 lay1 #bc4 ,cotton wool1 #abj4 ,cov]s1 cutt+ lea!r1 #ij4 ,cov]+1 #ij4 ---- half b\nd "w1 #if4 ---- prep>+ =1 #hg4 ---- ) calf1 #id4 ---- ) clo?1 #ie4 ---- ) morocco1 #ij4 ---- ) p>*m5t1 #id4 ---- ) roan1 #ie4 ---- ) russia1 #id4 ---- ) sat91 #ie4 ---- ) silk1 #ie4 ---- ) vellum1 #id4 ---- ) velvet1 #ie4 ,cut aga9/1 #ed4 ---- true1 to tell if bo>ds are1 #ef4 ---- to tell if book is1 #fd4 ,cu%ion1 gold1 #gh4 ,cutt+1 #ei4 ---- 9 bo>ds1 #fd4 ---- out ( bo>ds1 #fd4 ---- bo>d1 #ed4 ---- =$ge1 #fb4 ---- gold leaf1 #hj4 ---- head1 #fa4 ---- lea!r cov]s1 #ij4 ---- ma*9es 7cuts71 #fe1 #ff4 ---- mill-bo>d1 #eb4 ---- press & pl\gh 7cut71 #fj4 ---- tail1 #fb4 ,dabb+ calf1 #ajf4 ,damp /a9s1 #afb4 ---- repair+ books damag$ by1 #afb4 ,deciph]+ burnt docum5ts1 #aff4 ,d5telle bord]1 #acb4 ,d]ome tools 7cuts71 #aae4 ,dibd91 ,dr1 #ie4 ,disadvantage ( back+ ma*9es1 #ea4 ---- flat backs1 #dh4 ---- lett]+ pieces1 #acf4 ---- wire sew+1 #cj4 ,di%es = wa%+1 #aei4 ,docum5ts1 deciph]+ burnt1 #aff4 ,d\bl1 #acb4 ,d[n1 pa/+1 #ig4 ,dragon1 gum1 #gj4 ,draw+ 91 #eg4 ,draw+s1 fix+1 #afe4 ---- pres]v+1 #afe4 ,dry prep>ation1 #ade4 ---- mak+1 #ade4 ,dry+1 artificial heat 91 #df4 ,duplicate %eets1 #ai4 ,du/1 remov+1 #afa4 ,dut* m>ble pap]1 #cd4 ,edge burni%]s 7cuts71 #ha4 ,edges ( bibles & religi\s books1 #abb4 ---- ( bo>ds1 f9i%+1 #acb4 ---- burni%+1 #ha4 ---- capp+ up1 #hb4 ---- col\r$1 fancy1 #fi4 ---- col\r$1 pla91 #fi4 ---- col\r+1 #fg4 ---- gild+1 #hj4 ---- gilt1 #gh4 ---- gilt1 dull1 #ha4 ---- gilt1 pa9t$1 #hb4 ---- gilt1 on r$1 #hb4 ---- gilt1 9 ! r\nd1 #ha4 ---- gilt1 solid1 #ha4 ---- gilt1 tool$1 #hb4 ---- m>bl$1 #fi4 ---- m>bl$1 pap]1 transf]r+ to1 #gd-ge4 ---- m>bl+1 #gc4 ---- m>bl$1 on gilt1 #gh4 ---- m>bl$1 "u gilt1 #gh4 ---- spr9kl$1 #fg4 ---- spr9kl$ m>ble1 #fg4 ---- transf]r+ m>bl$ pap] to1 #gd-ge4 ---- uncut1 #da4 ,effac$ by *lor9e1 re/or+ writ+1 #afe4 ---- by oxymuriatic acid1 re/or+ writ+1 #afe4 ,emblematic spr9kl+1 #ajc4 ---- tool+1 #aag4 ,end pap]s1 #cc4 ---- pap]s1 bronze1 #cd4 ---- pap]s1 cobb1 #cc4 ---- pap]s1 col\r$ pa/e1 #ce4 ---- pap]s1 mak+1 #ce4 ---- pap]s1 m>bl$1 #cc4 ---- pap]s1 pr9t$ & fancy1 #cd4 ---- pap]s1 putt+ on1 #ch4 ---- pap]s1 surface1 #cc4 ---- pap]s1 = bibles1 etc41 #cc4 ---- pap]s1 = s*ool & public libr>y books1 #da4 ,ends1 sew+ 7cut71 #dj4 ,enemies ( books1 #aff4 ,extra1 calf1 #adb4 ,fad$ ,,mss41 re/or+1 #afe4 ---- writ+1 re/or+1 #afe4 ,fat /a9s1 remov+1 #afd4 ,fillet 7cut71 #aah4 ,fill+ up1 #acg4 ---- up1 saw cuts1 #hi4 ,f+] bru%1 #fh4 ,f+]-m>ks1 #afc4 ---- remov+1 #afc4 ,f9i%+1 #aaa4 ---- anci5t1 #aag4 ---- a back 7cut71 #acj4 ---- a back1 calf1 #ace4 ---- a back1 full gilt1 #acg4 ---- a back1 run up1 #aci4 ---- bl9d1 antique or mona/ic1 #abb4 ---- bl9d1 tools =1 #abb4 ---- calf sides1 #ada4 ---- *>coal fire =1 #aba4 ---- edges ( bo>ds1 #acb4 ---- extra calf sides1 #adb4 ---- flexible "w1 #abd4 ---- gold1 #abe4 ---- gold1 tools =1 #abb4 ---- half morocco book1 #abg4 ---- inside ( a book1 #acb-ada4 ---- m$ium1 #abf4 ---- m$ium1 importance ( prop]1 #abf4 ---- morocco sides1 #aca4 ---- morocco imitation1 #acc4 ---- pap]1 #add4 ---- press 7cuts71 #aba-abb4 ---- religi\s books1 #abb4 ---- roan1 #acc4 ---- russia1 #ade4 ---- sides calf1 #ace4 ---- sides calf extra1 #adb4 ---- sides morocco1 #aca4 ---- sides1 morocco imitation1 #acc4 ---- silk1 #adf4 ---- /ove 7cuts71 #abj4 ---- ta/e 91 #aag4 ---- tools1 #aah-abb4 ---- tools1 heat =1 #abh4 ---- vellum1 #adg4 ---- velvet1 #adf4 ---- ) dry prep>ation1 #ade4 ,fix+ draw+s1 #afe4 ,flat backs1 #dh4 ,flexible b9d+1 advantages (1 #bh4 ---- h[ to tell1 #bi4 ---- n to %[1 #bi1 #hi4 ,flexible "w1 back+1 #ej4 ---- "w1 clean+ (f1 #ei4 ---- "w1 cov]+1 prep>+ =1 #hi4 ---- "w1 f9i%+1 #abd4 ---- "w1 glu+ up1 #de4 ---- "w1 m>k+ up1 #bj4 ---- "w1 mock1 #ij4 ---- "w1 sew+1 #bc4 ---- "w1 sew+ 7cut71 #bg4 ,fold+1 #c4 ---- /ick1 #d4 ---- ma*9e 7cut71 #g4 ---- maps1 #ae4 ,folio1 #d4 ,=$ge1 cutt+1 #fb4 ,=w>d+1 #cc4 ,fox-m>ks1 #afc4 ---- m>ks1 remov+1 #afc4 ,fr5*1 dab1 #ajf4 ---- me?od ( press+1 #ai4 ---- me?od ( trimm+1 #db4 ---- p>+ knife 7cut71 #ij4 ---- p>+ knife1 me?od ( us+ 7cut71 #ia4 ,full gilt back1 f9i%+1 #acg4 ,gall1 ox1 = m>bl+1 #ga4 ,gascon1 #aae4 ---- tools 7cuts71 #aad4 ,ga!r+1 #h4 ---- ma*9e1 #h4 ,g]man1 me?od ( glu+ up1 #de4 ---- p>+ knife 7cut71 #ia4 ---- p>+ knife1 me?od ( us+ 7cut71 #ia4 ,gigg]+1 #abd4 ,gild+ edges1 #hj4 ,gilt back1 full1 #abi4 ---- edges1 #gh4 ---- edges1 dull1 #ha4 ---- edges1 pa9t$1 #hb4 ---- edges1 solid1 #ha4 ---- edges1 tool$1 #hb4 ---- 9 ! r\nd1 #ha4 ---- m>bl+ on1 #gh4 ---- m>bl+ "u1 #gh4 ---- on r$1 #hb4 ---- top1 #da4 ,glaire1 #aai4 ---- h[ to make1 #aai4 ---- wat]1 #gi4 ,glue1 #afi4 ---- comp>ative advantages ( pa/e &1 #ic4 ---- effect on calf (1 #hi4 ---- rice1 #afi4 ---- to tell good1 #afi4 ,glu+ up1 #de4 ---- up flexible "w1 #de4 ---- up1 ,g]man me?od (1 #de4 ,gold1 block+ 91 #aec4 ---- cu%ion1 #gh4 ---- f9i%+1 #abe4 ---- f9i%+1 tools =1 #abh4 ---- knife1 #gi4 ---- leaf1 #gi-aai4 ---- leaf1 cutt+1 #hj4 ,gra91 treatm5t ( /raight1 #ib4 ---- treatm5t ( lea!r ) no1 #ib4 ,gra9+ calf1 #add4 ---- advantage (1 #add4 ,gra9+ up1 #ib4 ,groli] tools 7cuts71 #aac4 ,groove1 #g4 ,gu>d+ plates1 etc41 #ae4 ,gu>ds1 object (1 #af4 ,gum ,tragacan? 7,gum ,dragon71 #gj4 ,half b9d+1 #if4 ---- b9d+1 cov]+1 #if4 ---- b9d+1 l9+ =1 #ec4 ---- b9d+1 pa/+ d[n1 #ajj4 ,hamm]1 beat+ 7cut71 #i4 ,h& f9i%+1 #aaf4 ---- lett]s1 #aah4 ,h&l+ calf1 #id4 ,head b&1 sett+1 #ic4 ---- b&s1 /uck on1 #hj4 ---- b&+1 #hc4 ---- b&+ 7cut71 #hd4 ---- b&+ on old books1 #hd4 ---- ( book cutt+1 #fa4 ,heat1 artificial1 #df4 ---- = f9i%+ tools1 #abh4 ---- = poli%+ tools1 #adj4 ,h5ry ,,iii41 b9d+s (1 #aad4 ,holes 9 back1 fill+ up1 #hi4 ,holl[ backs1 #hg4 ,imitation morocco1 f9i%+1 #acc4 ,importance ( prop] f9i%+ m$ium1 #abf4 ,incombu/ible1 to r5d] pap]1 #aff4 ,india rubb]1 #aai4 ---- rubb]1 h[ to use1 #afa4 ,ink /a9s1 remov+1 #afc4 ---- /a9s1 m>k+1 #afd4 ,inlaid "w1 #acc4 ,inlay+1 #acd4 ---- ,vi5nese me?od (1 #ace4 ,insects1 #aff4 ---- poison =1 #afh4 ,inside ( book1 f9i%+1 #acb-ada4 ,int]leav+1 #ah4 ,iron1 knock+-d[n 7cut71 #f4 ---- poli%+ 7cut71 #aai4 ,jo9t1 #g4 ,jo9ts1 clo?1 #ch-ii4 ---- morocco1 #ih4 ,kettle /it*1 #be-bh4 ,keys 7sew+71 #bc4 ,knife1 bolt 7cut71 #fa4 ---- burr on1 #gi4 ---- gold1 #gi4 ---- p>+1 ,fr5* 7cut71 #ij4 ---- p>+1 me?od ( hold+1 7cut71 #ia4 ---- p>+1 ,g]man 7cut71 #ia4 ---- p>+1 ,g]man1 me?od ( hold+ 7cut71 #ib4 ---- slid+ 7cut71 #fj4 ---- trimm+1 #db4 ,knock+ d[n iron 7cut71 #f4 ,l>d1 #abd4 ,lay cords1 #bc4 ,lead type1 #abi4 ,leaf1 gold1 #gi4 ---- gold1 cutt+1 #hj4 ---- gold1 ?ickness (1 #hj4 ---- remov+ s+le1 #afb4 ,lea!r cov]s1 cutt+1 #ij4 ---- k9ds (1 #ij4 ---- non-por\s1 #abf4 ---- por\s1 #abf4 ,leaves1 re-siz+1 #afb4 ,lett]+1 #aag4 ---- calf1 #adj4 ---- pieces1 #acf4 ---- pieces1 disadvantages (1 #acf4 ---- pieces1 = vellum books1 #adh4 ---- pieces1 sub/itute =1 #acf4 ,lett]s1 h&1 #abi4 ,l9+ bo>ds1 #ee4 ---- bo>ds1 half b9d+1 #ee4 ---- bo>ds1 :ole b9d+1 #ee4 ---- pap] =1 #hh4 ---- up1 #hg4 ,ma*9e1 back+1 #ej4 ---- cutt+ 7cuts71 #fe1 #ff4 ---- fold+ 7cut71 #g4 ---- ga!r+1 #h4 ---- mill-bo>d cutt+ 7cuts71 #ed4 ---- mill-bo>d cutt+1 /eam1 7cut71 #ed4 ---- roll+ 7cut71 #aa4 ---- r\nd+1 7cut71 #dg4 ---- saw+ 9 7cut71 #bb4 ---- sew+ 7cut71 #ca4 ---- sew+1 #cb4 ---- sew+ wire1 #cb4 ,ma*9es1 to prev5t1 ru/+1 #aga4 ,mak+ end pap]s1 #ce4 ,maps1 m\nt+ 7cut71 #ad4 ---- ?r[+ out1 #ac4 ,m>ble comb1 #gb4 ---- edges1 spr9kl$1 #fg4 ---- nonp>eil1 #gb4 ---- %ell1 #gb4 ---- ,spani%1 #gb4 ---- spot1 #gb4 ---- tree1 #aje4 ,m>bl$ edges1 #fi4 ---- pap]1 #cc4 ---- pap]1 burni%+1 #gc4 ---- pap]1 old ,dut*1 #cd4 ---- pap]1 transf]r+ to edges1 #gd-ge4 ,m>bl]s1 me*anical 7cuts71 #ge4 ,m>bl+1 #cd-ga4 ---- anci5t in/ructions =1 #gf4 ---- calf1 #aje4 ---- col\rs =1 #fi4 ---- edges1 #gc4 ---- edges1 on gilt1 #gh4 ---- edges1 "u gilt1 #gh4 ---- ox gall =1 #ga4 ---- pap]1 #gc4 ---- prep>+ =1 #ajd4 ---- requisites =1 #fi4 ---- set1 #gg4 ---- size =1 #gj4 ---- tr\gh 7cut71 #gj4 ,m>g9s1 #c-dc4 ,m>k+ ink /a9s1 remov+1 #afd4 ---- up1 #bj4 ,me*anical m>bl]s 7cuts71 #ge4 ,m$ium = f9i%+1 #abf4 ---- importance ( prop]1 #abf4 ,mill-bo>d1 cutt+1 #eb4 ---- cutt+ ma*9e 7cut71 #ec4 ---- cutt+ ma*9e1 /eam1 7cut71 #ed4 ---- %e>s1 #eb4 ,mill-bo>ds1 #ea4 ---- made1 #ee4 ---- "n (1 #ea4 ---- sizes (1 #eb4 ---- price (1 #ea4 ,miss+ %eets1 #ai4 ,mitre piece 7cut71 #aca4 ,mitr$ back1 #abi4 ,mock flexible b9d+1 #ij4 ,mona/ic1 b9d+s1 #aaa4 ---- f9i%+1 #abb4 ---- tools 7cuts71 #aab4 ,morocco1 block+1 #aec4 ---- imitation1 f9i%+1 #acc4 ---- jo9ts1 #ih4 ---- pa/+ d[n1 #ig4 ---- sides1 f9i%+1 #ada4 ,mosaic "w1 #acc4 ,m\nt+1 maps1 #ae4 ---- photographs1 #aga4 ,m\nt+s1 clean+ silv]1 #agb4 ,,mss41 pres]v+1 #afe4 ---- re/or+ fad$1 #afe4 ,mull1 #hi4 ,mud /a9s1 #afb4 ---- remov+1 #afb4 ,neat1 calf1 #acg4 ,nipp]s1 b& 7cut71 #ic4 ,nitric acid1 effect ^u lea!r1 #acc4 ,nonp>eil m>ble1 #gb4 ,non-por\s lea!rs1 #abf4 ,object ( gu>ds1 #af4 ---- ( trimm+1 #db4 ,old books1 beat+1 #aj4 ---- head-b&+ 91 #hd4 ---- sew+1 #be4 ,old writ+1 reviv+1 #afd4 ,op5+ books1 c>e 91 #afi4 ,ov]ca/+1 #ah4 ,ov]sew+1 #ah4 ,ox gall = m>bl+1 #ga4 ,ox=d vellum1 #adg4 ,oxymuriatic acid1 re/or+ writ+ effac$ by1 #afe4 ,pa9t+ cov]s1 #acc4 ,pallet 7cut71 #aah4 ---- us+ !1 #abc4 ,pap]1 bronze end1 #cd4 ---- burni%+ m>bl$1 #gc4 ---- ,cobb1 #cc4 ---- f9i%+1 #ade4 ---- = l9+ up1 #hh4 ---- incombu/ible1 to r5d]1 #aff4 ---- m>bl$1 #cc4 ---- m>bl$1 old ,dut*1 #cd4 ---- m>bl+1 #gc4 ---- pa/e1 #ce4 ---- pr9t$ & fancy end1 #cd4 ---- surface1 #cc4 ---- wat]pro(1 to r5d]1 #afe4 ,pap]s1 end1 #cc4 ---- end1 mak+1 #ce4 ,p>*m5t1 #adg4 ---- cov]+ )1 #id4 ---- vegetable1 #adg4 ,p>+1 #ia4 ---- knife1 ,fr5* 7cut71 #ij4 ---- knife1 ,fr5*1 me?od ( us+ 7cut71 #ia4 ---- knife1 ,g]man 7cut71 #ia4 ---- knife1 ,g]man1 me?od ( us+1 #ib4 ,pa/e1 #agj4 ---- & glue1 comp>ative advantages1 #ic4 ---- = :ite morocco1 #id4 ---- = pap]1 #ce4 ---- rice1 #afi4 ---- to prev5t1 m\ld+ & s\r+1 #agj4 ---- wat]1 effect ^u lea!r1 #abg4 ,pa/+1 #cf4 ---- calf1 #ii4 ---- d[n1 #ig4 ---- d[n half b9d+s1 #ajj4 ---- ,russia1 #ii4 ---- s+le %eets1 #ag4 ---- up1 #cf4 ,peel1 #aei4 ,photographs1 bo>ds =1 #agj4 ---- m\nt+1 #aga4 ---- remov+1 #agj4 ,pieces1 lett]+1 #acf4 ---- lett]+1 disadvantages (1 #acf4 ---- lett]+1 sub/itute =1 #acf4 ,plates1 #ad4 ---- col\r$1 #ag4 ---- gu>d+1 #ae4 ,pl\gh1 r\nd1 #db4 ,poli%+ calf back1 #adj4 ---- calf sides1 #adb4 ---- heat =1 #adj4 ,poli%+ iron 7cut71 #aai4 ,por\s lea!rs1 #abf4 ,prep>ation1 dry1 #ade4 ,prep>+ = cov]+1 #hg4 ---- = cov]+ flexible "w1 #hi4 ---- = cov]+ flexible "w1 n to %[1 #hi4 ---- = cov]+ mock flexible "w1 #ij4 ,pres]v+ draw+s1 ,,mss41 etc41 #afe4 ,press1 arm+1 #aag4 ---- block+1 #aej4 ---- cutt+ 7cut71 #fj4 ---- f9i%+ 7cut71 #aba-abb4 ---- ly+1 #g1 #cg4 ---- sew+ 7cut71 #bd4 ---- /&+1 #ah4 ---- /&+1 ,am]ican 7cut71 #ai4 ,press+1 #eh1 #adc4 ---- ,p>isian1 mode (1 #ai4 ---- v>i\s siz$ books1 #eh4 ,pro(1 #eg4 ,public libr>y books1 #da4 ,pull+1 #e4 ,putt+ on b&s1 #hh4 ---- on end pap]s1 #ch4 ,refold+1 #e4 ,regi/]1 #c4 ,religi\s books1 edges1 #abb4 ---- books1 end pap]s1 #cc4 ---- books1 f9i%+1 #abb4 ,remov+ blood /a9s1 #afc4 ---- damp /a9s1 #afb4 ---- du/1 #afa4 ---- fat /a9s1 #afd4 ---- f+]-m>ks1 #afc4 ---- fox-m>ks1 #afc4 ---- ink /a9s1 #afc4 ---- m>k+ ink /a9s1 #afd4 ---- mud /a9s1 #afa4 ---- s+le leaf = clean+1 #afb4 ---- photographs1 #aga4 ---- wat] /a9s1 #afa4 ---- writ+1 #afc4 ,repair+ books damag$ by damp1 #afb4 ,re-siz+ leaves1 #afb4 ,re/or+ fad$ ,,mss41 #afe4 ---- writ+ effac$ by *lor9e1 #afe4 ---- writ+ effac$ by oxymuriatic acid1 #afe4 ---- writ+ effac$ by sea wat]1 #afe4 ---- writ+ fad$ by "t1 #afe4 ,reviv+ old writ+1 #afd4 ,rice glue or pa/e1 #afi4 ,roan1 cov]+ )1 #ie4 ---- f9i%+1 #acc4 ,roll1 b>1 #acc4 ,roll+1 #aj4 ,roll+ ma*9e 7cut71 #aa4 ,r\nd pl\gh1 #db4 ,r\nd+1 #df4 ---- ma*9e1 #dg4 ,roman vellum1 #adg4 ,runn]1 #ed4 ,run up back1 #abi1 #aci4 ,russia1 f9i%+1 #ade4 ---- imitation1 #if4 ---- pa/+ d[n1 #ii4 ---- treatm5t (1 #id4 ,ru/+1 to prev5t1 tools1 etc41 #aga4 ,sat91 cov]+ )1 #ie4 ,saw cuts1 dep? (1 #bb4 ---- cuts1 fill+ up1 #hi4 ---- m>ks 7cut71 #ba4 ---- t5non1 #ba4 ,saw+ 91 #ba4 ---- 9 ma*9e 7cut71 #bb4 ,s*ool books1 end pap]s =1 #da4 ,scrap]s1 #gi4 ,set1 m>bl+1 #gg4 ,set (f1 #ab4 ,sett+ head b&1 #ic4 ,sew+1 #bc4 ---- disadvantage ( wire1 #cj4 ---- ends1 mode ( 7cut71 #dj4 ---- flexible 7cut71 #bg4 ---- flexible "w1 #bc4 ---- keys1 #bc4 ---- ma*9e1 #cb4 ---- ma*9e 7cut71 #ca4 ---- old books1 #be4 ---- ord9>y 7cuts71 #bf4 ---- press 7cut71 #bd4 ---- ?read1 #bg4 ---- wire1 #cj4 ---- ma*9e1 #cb4 ,%e>s1 mill-bo>d1 #eb4 ,%eets1 #c4 ---- duplicate1 #ai4 ---- miss+1 #ai4 ,%ell m>ble1 #gb4 ,sides1 block+1 #aea4 ---- calf1 f9i%+1 #ada4 ---- calf1 extra f9i%+1 #adb4 ---- calf1 poli%+1 #adb4 ---- morocco1 f9i%+1 #aca4 ---- sid+1 #adb4 ---- tool+1 #abe4 ,sieve1 spr9kl+1 #fh4 ,signatures1 #d4 ,silk block+1 #adf4 ---- cov]+ )1 #ie4 ---- f9i%+1 #adf4 ,silv] m\nt+s1 to clean1 #agb4 ,s+le %eets1 pa/+1 #ag4 ,size1 #gd-gi1 #afj4 ---- = m>bl+1 #gj4 ,sizes ( books1 #d-e4 ---- ( cord1 #bb4 ---- ( mill-bo>ds1 #eb4 ,siz+1 #gd-aei4 ,sid+ sides1 #adb4 ,slid+ knife 7cut71 #fj4 ,smoo? clo?1 cov]+ )1 #ie4 ,spani% m>ble1 #gb4 ,sponges1 #aai4 ---- clean+1 #agb4 ,spot m>ble1 #gb4 ,spr9kl$ edges1 #fg4 ---- m>ble edges1 #fg4 ,spr9kl+ bru%1 #fh4 ---- calf1 #ajc4 ---- calf1 fancy1 #ajc4 ---- calf1 prep>+ =1 #ajc4 ---- col\rs1 #fh4 ---- sieve1 #fh4 ,/a9s1 blood1 remov+1 #afc4 ---- damp1 #afb4 ---- effect ( wrong ba? ^u1 #aeh4 ---- fat1 remov+1 #afd4 ---- ink1 remov+1 #afd4 ---- mud1 remov+1 #afb4 ---- remov+1 #aeh4 ---- remov+1 diff]5t1 #aeh4 ---- wat]1 h[ to tell1 #afa4 ---- wat]1 remov+1 #afa4 ,/amps1 #aea4 ,/&+ press1 #ah4 ---- press1 ,am]ican 7cut71 #ai4 ,/eel-fac$ back+ bo>ds1 #ej4 ,/ick1 fold+1 #d4 ---- clean+ (f1 #eh1 #ei4 ,/one1 beat+1 #i4 ,/ove1 f9i%+ 7cut71 #abj4 ,/raight gra9 lea!r treatm5t1 #ib4 ,/uck on head b&s1 #hf4 ,sub/itute = lett]+ pieces1 #acf4 ,surface pap]1 #cc4 ,swell+1 #bg4 ,tail1 cutt+1 #fb4 ,ta/e 9 f9i%+1 #aag4 ,t5non saw1 #ba4 ,?read1 sew+1 #bg4 ,?r[ up backs1 #hi4 ,?r[+ out maps 7cut71 #af4 ,?umb m>ks1 remov+1 #afc4 ,"t1 re/or+ writ+ fad$ by1 #afe4 ,title1 #abh4 ,tools1 ,d]ome1 #aae4 ---- f9i%+1 #aah4 ---- = antique f9i%+1 #abb4 ---- = gold f9i%+1 #abb4 ---- ,groli]1 #aac4 ---- ,le ,gascon1 #aad4 ---- mona/ic1 #aab4 ---- to prev5t1 ru/+1 #aga4 ---- ,v5etian 7cuts71 #aac4 ,tool$ gilt edges1 #hb4 ,tool+1 emblematic1 #aag4 ---- sides1 #abe4 ,top1 gilt1 #da4 ,tree m>ble1 #aje4 ,trimm+1 #da4 ---- bo>d1 #da4 ----,fr5* me?od (1 #db4 ---- knife1 #db4 ---- lett] on1 #dc4 ---- ma*9e1 #dd4 ---- ma*9e 7cut71 #db4 ---- object (1 #db4 ,tr9dles1 #fb4 ,tr\gh1 m>bl+ 7cut71 #gj4 ---- two %eets on1 #bi4 ,type1 #aah-abh4 ---- brass1 #abi4 ---- hold] 7cut71 #aah4 ---- lead1 #abi4 ,uncut edges1 #da4 ,unsiz$ pap]1 to tell1 #hj4 ,v>ni%1 #abj4 ,v>ni%+1 #adc4 ---- object (1 #abj4 ,vegetable p>*m5t1 #adg4 ,vellum arti/s1 #adg4 ---- b9d+1 lett]+ pieces1 #adi4 ---- b9d+1 old1 #id4 ---- cov]+ )1 #id4 ---- f9i%+1 #adg4 ---- ,ox=d1 #adg4 ---- ,roman1 #adg4 ,velvet1 block+1 #adf4 ---- cov]+ )1 #ie4 ---- f9i%+1 #adf4 ,v5etian tools 7cuts71 #aac4 ,vi5nese me?od ( inlay+1 #ace4 ,v9eg>1 advantage (1 #abg4 ,wa%+1 #aeh4 ---- di%es =1 #aei4 ---- requisites =1 #aei4 ,wat]1 glaire1 #gi4 ---- /a9s1 h[ to tell1 #afa4 ---- /a9s1 remov+1 #afa4 ,wat]pro(1 r5d]+ pap]1 #afe4 ,:ite morocco1 pa/e =1 #ib4 ,:ole b9d+1 l9+ bo>ds =1 #ee4 ,wire sew+1 #cj4 ---- sew+1 disadvantage (1 #cj4 ---- sew+1 ma*9e1 #cb4 ,writ+ effac$ by *lor9e1 re/or+1 #afe4 ---- effac$ by oxymuriatic acid1 re/or+1 #afe4 ---- fad$ by sea wat]1 reviv+1 #afe4 ---- fad$ by "t1 reviv+1 #afe4 ---- remov+1 #afd4 ---- reviv+ old1 #afd4 ,wrong ba?1 effect ^u /a9s (1 #aeh4 ,,*iswick ,,press3--,c4 ,,:itt+ham ,,& ,,co41 ,,tooks ,,c\rt1 ,,*anc]y ,,lane4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,orig9al pr9t$ spell+ & gramm> are reta9$1 ) a few exceptions not$ bel[4 ,small caps are *ang$ to all capital lett]s4 ,italics look l ?is4 ,_m illu/rations h be5 mov$ f _! orig9al locations to ne>by places betwe5 p>agraphs4 ,orig9al pr9t$ page numb]s look l ?is3 8#ha04 ,page #ba4 ,9 8by sew+ a small book on f9e b&s01 *ang$ 8f9e0 to 8five04 ,page #df4 ,*ang$ 8spontan5usly0 to 8spontane\sly04 ,page #eb4 ,a new ,,key has be5 add$ to ! table1 s t ! table c be display$ prop]ly 9 ?is ebook edition4 ,fur!rmore1 ea* pair ( columns ) head+s 8#f;d401 8#g;d401 8#h;d401 8#hx401 8#hxx401 & 8,x40 0 orig9ally pr9t$ ) an illu/ration ( a black rectangle %[+ ! relative size ref]r$ to4 ,^! illu/rations are includ$ 9 ! html & epub editions4 ,page #ajg4 ,*ang$ 8bason0 to 8bas904 ,page #aba4 ,a new p>agraph break 0 ins]t$ betwe5 8become dang]\s0 & 8,a f9i%+ press is04 ,page #afd4 ,*ang$ 8subsitute0 to 8sub/itute04 ,page #agi1 ,gloss>y1 ,entry 8,/ops04 ,*ang$ 8mitr+0 to 8mitre+04 ,page #ahb1 ,index1 ,entry 8,cov]+04 ,9 8prep>+ f r1 #hg01 *ang$ 8f r0 to 8=04