,illu/ration3 ,geology ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k ,illu/ration3 ,,balanc$ ,,rock1 gu>d+ ,! ,w9d[s section ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k4 ,rock is ,slick ,rock ,memb] ( ,entrada ,s&/one re/+ ^u cr9kly b$d$ ,dewey ,bridge ,memb] ( ! ,entrada4 ,:ite rock 9 =egr\nd is ,navajo ,s&/one4 ,la ,sal ,m\nta9s on "r skyl9e4 7,frontispiece7 ,illu/ration3 ,graphic ,title ,page ,! ,geologic ,/ory ( ,ar*es ,,national ,,p>k ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,lohman ,graphics by ,john ,r4 ,/acy ,,geological ,,survey ,,bullet9 #acic ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,rog]s ,c4 ,b4 ,,morton1 ,secret>y ,,geological ,,survey ,v4 ,e4 ,mc,kelvey1 ,director ,illu/ration3 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior ,m>* #c1 #aidi ,u4,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aige ,libr>y ( ,congress ,catalog+ 9 ,publication ,data ,lohman1 ,/anley ,william1 #aijg- ,! geologic /ory ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k4 7,geological ,survey ,bullet9 #acic7 ,bibliography3 p4 ,includes index4 ,supt4 ( ,docs4 no43 ,i #ai4c3acic #a4 ,geology--,utah--,ar*es ,national ,p>k--,guide-books4 #b4 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k1 ,utah--,guide-books4 ,i4 ,title4 ,,ii4 ,s]ies3 ,unit$ ,/ates ,geological ,survey ,bullet9 #acic4 ,,qe#ge4;,b#i ,no4 #acic ,,qe#agj4;,a#g #eeg4cjhs #eeg4ibeh #gd-bccbd ,= sale by ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,docum5ts1 ,u4 ,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 #bjdjb ,/ock ,numb] #jbd-jja-jbeih-a ,cont5ts ,page ,beg9n+ ( a monum5t #a ,graduation to a p>k #e ,e>ly hi/ory #i ,prehi/oric p #i ,late arrivals #ab ,geographic sett+ #ah ,deposition ( ! rock mat]ials #bj ,b5d+ & break+ ( ! rocks #bd ,uplift & erosion ( ! ,plateau #cc ,orig9 & developm5t ( ! ar*es #cg ,examples ( ar*es #df ,h[ to see ! p>k #ej ,a trip ?r\gh ! p>k #eb ,colorado ,riv] canyon #eb ,headqu>t]s area #eg ,c\r?\se ,t[]s area #fc ,! ,w9d[s section #fh ,delicate ,ar* area #gd ,fi]y ,furnace #gi ,salt ,valley & ,klondike ,bluffs #hb ,devils ,g>d5 #hc ,summ>y ( geologic hi/ory #ih ,additional read+ #ajd ,ackn[l$gm5ts #aje ,select$ ref]5ces #aje ,index #aji ,figures ,page ,frontispiece4 ,balanc$ ,rock4 #a4 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k #f #b4 ,rock art 9 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k #aa #c4 ,wolfe's ,b>-,,dx ,ran* #ad #d4 ,rock column ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k #ba #e4 ,common types ( rock folds #be #f4 ,common types ( rock faults #bf #g4 ,p>adox bas9 #bg #h4 ,geologic section across nor?we/ end ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k #bh #i4 ,index map ( nor?we/]n "p ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k #bh #aj4 ,gravity anomalies ov] ,salt ,valley #ca #aa4 ,tilt$ block ( rocks 9 ,ca*e ,valley grab5 #cd #ab4 ,jo9t$ nor!a/ flank ( ,salt ,valley anticl9e #cf #ac4 ,index map #ch #ad4 ,tunnel ,ar* #dc #ae4 8,baby ,ar*0 #dd #af4 ,brok5 ,ar* #de #ag4 ,d\ble ,ar* #dg #ah4 ,po?ole ,ar* #dh #ai4 ,gl5 ,canyon ,gr\p #ec #bj4 ,navajo ,s&/one cliffs #ed #ba4 ,m\? ( ,salt ,wa% #ee #bb4 ,s\!a/ end ( fault$ ,ca*e ,valley anticl9e #ef #bc4 ,fault$ ,sev5 ,mile-,moab ,valley anticl9e #eh #bd4 ,?ree ,p5gu9s #ei #be4 ,moab ,valley #fj #bf4 ,fault$ wall ( ,entrada ,s&/one #fa #bg4 ,p>k ,av5ue #fb #bh4 ,balanc$ rocks on s\? wall ( ,p>k ,av5ue #fd #bi4 ,c\r?\se ,t[]s #fe #cj4 ,! ,?ree ,gossips #ff #ca4 ,%eep ,rock #ff #cb4 ,petrifi$ s& dunes #fg #cc4 8,hoodoos & gobl9s0 #fh #cd4 ,eye ( ,! ,:ale #fi #ce4 ,intricate crossb$s 9 ,navajo ,s&/one #gj #cf4 ,cove ,ar* & ,cove ( ,caves #ga #cg4 ,nor? ,w9d[ #gb #ch4 ,look+ s\?we/w>d ?r\gh ,nor? ,w9d[ #gc #ci4 ,s\? ,w9d[ #gd #dj4 ,turret ,ar* #ge #da4 ,p>ade ( ,elephants #gf #db4 ,susp5sion foot bridge across ,salt ,wa% #gh #dc4 ,delicate ,ar* #gh #dd4 ,fi]y ,furnace #hj #de4 ,trail to ,s& ,dune ,ar* #ha #df4 ,s& ,dune ,ar* #hb #dg4 ,t[] ,ar* #hd #dh4 ,skyl9e ,ar* #he #di4 ,campgr\nd 9 ,devils ,g>d5 #hf #ej4 ,view nor? f campgr\nd #hg #ea4 ,s\!a/]n "p ( ,devils ,g>d5 trail #hh #eb4 ,p9e ,tree ,ar* #hi #ec4 ,l&scape ,ar* #ia #ed4 ,navajo ,ar* #ib #ee4 ,p>tition ,ar* #ic #ef4 ,d\ble ,o ,ar* #ic #eg4 ,d>k ,angel #id #eh4 8,indian-,head ,ar*0 #ie #ei4 ,geologic "t spiral #if ,illu/ration3 ,petroglyph figure ,beg9n+ ( a ,monum5t ,accord+ to =m] ,sup]9t5d5t ,bates ,wilson 7#aief71 ,pr(4 ,lawr5ce ,m4 ,g\ld1 ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,mi*igan1 0 ! fir/ to recognize ! geologic & sc5ic values ( ! ,ar*es area 9 ea/]n ,utah & to urge its creation z a national monum5t4 ,mrs4 ,faun ,mc,conkie ,tann]#a told me t ,pr(essor ,g\ld1 :o _h done a !sis problem 9 ! ne>by ,la ,sal ,m\nta9s1 0 fir/ tak5 ?r\gh ! area by ,m>v ,turnb[1 ?ird own] ( ,wolfe cab94 7,see p4 #ab47 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,g\ld w5t into ec/asy ov] ! beautiful sc5]y1 ,turnb[ repli$1 8,i didn't "k !re 0 any?+ unusual ab\t x40 ,dr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,williams1 g5]ally reg>d$ z fa!r ( ! monum5t1 & ,l4 ,l4 7,bi%7 ,taylor1 ( ! ,moab ,times-,indep5d5t1 7 ! local lead]s 9 foll[+ up on ,g\ld's sugge/ion &1 ) ! help ( ! ,moab ,lions ,club1 _! ef=ts f9ally succe$$ on ,april #ab1 #aibi1 :5 ,presid5t ,h]b]t ,hoov] proclaim$ ,ar*es ,national ,monum5t1 !n compris+ only #g squ>e miles4#b ,x 0 enl>g$ to ab\t #ec squ>e miles by ,presid5t ,frankl9 ,d4 ,roosevelt's ,proclamation ( ,novemb] #be1 #aich1 & rema9$ at ne>ly t size1 ) "s b\nd>y adju/m5ts on ,july #bb1 #aifj1 until x 0 enl>g$ to ab\t #acj squ>e miles by ,presid5t ,lyndon ,b4 ,johnson's ,proclamation ( ,janu>y #bj1 #aifi4 ,accord+ to ,bre$ 7#aidg71 ,h>ry ,g\ld+1 ( ,monum5t ,valley1 9 a specially equipp$ c>1 trav]s$ ! rugg$ s& & rocks ( ! ,ar*es region 9 ! fall ( #aicf &1 ?us1 became ! fir/ p]son to drive a c> into ,! ,w9d[s section ( ,ar*es ,national ,monum5t4 ,soon aft]1 a bulldoz] foll[$ ,h>ry's tracks & made a passable trail4 ,:5 my family & ,i visit$ ! monum5t 9 #aidf1 ! entrance 0 ab\t #ab miles nor?we/ ( ,moab on ,u4,s4 ,highway #afc 7!n ,u4,s4 #afj71 :]e ,g\ld+'s old tire tracks l$ ea/w>d pa/ a small sign read+ 8,ar*es ,national ,monum5t #h miles40 ,?is primitive road cross$ ! s&y1 normally dry ,c\r?\se ,wa% & end$ 9 :at is n[ call$ ,! ,w9d[s section4 ,at t "t !re 0 no wat] or rang] /ation1 nor 7 !re any picnic tables or o!r improvem5ts )9 ! monum5t prop]1 & ! cu/odian 0 h\s$ 9 an old b>racks ( ! ,civilian ,cons]vation ,corps ne> :at is n[ ! entrance1 #e miles nor?we/ ( ,moab4 ,=m] ,cu/odian ,russell ,l4 ,mahan report$ 7oral commun41 ,may #aigc7 t soon aft] our initial visit 9 #aidf a #ejj-;gallon tank 0 in/all$ ne> ,d\ble ,ar* 9 ,! ,w9d[s section & connect$ to a dr9k+ f\nta9 & t two picnic tables & a pit toilet 7 add$4 ,at t "t ! only access to ,salt ,valley & :at is n[ call$ ,devils ,g>d5 0 a primitive dirt road :i*1 accord+ to ,bre$ 7#aidg1 p4 #age71 left old ,u4,s4 ,highway #afj 7n[ ,u4,s4 #afc7 #bd miles nor?we/ ( ,moab1 w5t #bb miles ea/1 !n foll[$ ,salt ,valley ,wa% d[n to ,wolfe cab9 7fig4 #a74 ,accord+ to ,abbey 7#aiga71 :o s]v$ z a seasonal rang] beg9n+ ab\t #aieh1 a sign _h by !n be5 erect$ at ! cross+ ( ,c\r?\se ,wa% :i* read3 ,,w>n+3 ,,quicks& ,,d ,,n ,,cross ,,wa% ,,:5 ,,wat] ,,is ,,runn+ ,! rang] /ation1 8 home = #f mon?s ( ! ye>1 0 :at ,abbey describ$ z 8a little t9 h\setrail]40 ,ne>by 0 an in=mation display "u a 8lean-to %elt]40 ,he _h propane fuel = heat1 cook+1 & refrig]ation1 & a small gasol9e-eng9e-driv5 g5]ator = lights at night4 ,8 wat] came f ! #ejj-;gallon tank1 :i* 0 fill$ at int]vals f a tank truck4 ,at t "t !re 7 ?ree small dry campgr\nds1 ea* ) tables1 fireplaces1 g>bage cans1 & pit toilets4 ,by t "t an ext5sion ( ! dirt road l$ nor?w>d to ,devils ,g>d51 & "s trails _h be5 built & m>k$4 ,bates ,wilson became ,cu/odian ( ! monum5t 9 #aidi & lat] became ,sup]9t5d5t n only ( ,ar*es b also ( ! ne>by new ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k 7,lohman1 #aigd7 & ! m di/ant ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t4 ,9 ! fall ( #aifi1 ,bates told me ( "s ( 8 e>ly exp]i5ces 9 ! undevelop$ monum5t1 includ+ ! ev5+ :5 #bb c>s 7 m>oon$ on ! wrong 7nor!a/7 side ( ,c\r?\se ,wa% aft] a fla% flood4 ,bates & 8 8lone0 rang] br\ght ropes1 c(fee1 & :at food !y c\ld obta9 9 t[n aft] clos+ "t1 ?rew a l9e across ! swoll5 /ream1 _h a t\ri/ pull a rope across1 !n took turns wad+ ! /ream ) "o h& on ! rope & ! o!r balanc+ supplies on 8 %\ld]4 ,aft] a fire _h be5 built & hot c(fee & food pass$ ar\nd1 ! spirits ( ! /r&$ gr\p rose consid]ably1 except = "o irate woman f ! ,ea/1 :o refus$ to budge f h] c>4 ,bates & 8 help] f9ally got ! la/ c> out ab\t #a a4m41 aft] ! flood _h subsid$1 & ,mrs4 ,wilson !n suppli$ lodg+ & m food & c(fee = ^? :o ne$$ x4 ,dur+ & = sometime aft] ,_w ,w> ,,ii & ! ,korean ,w>1 lack ( ma9t5ance funds & p]sonnel _h prev5t$ improvem5t ( ! facilities 9 _m ( our national p>ks & monum5ts1 p>ticul>ly 9 undevelop$ ones l ,ar*es4 ,! day 0 sav$ ?r\gh ! wisdom & =esight ( =m] ,p>k ,s]vice ,director ,conrad ,l4 ,wir?1 :o saw ! ne$ & desirability ( putt+ ! :ole 8want0 li/ into "o attractive1 m>ketable package4 ,9 ! words ( ,ev]h>t 7#aigb1 p4 #cf73 ,selection ( a "n is ( c\rse recogniz$ z ! mo/ important decision 9 any l>ge-scale ent]prise1 & "h ,wir? /ruck pure gold4 ,9 #aiff ! ,p>k ,s]vice w\ld be celebrat+ its fiftie? anniv]s>y4 ,:at a ,god-giv5 t>get to %oot =6 ,:y n produce a t5-ye> program1 :i* w\ld beg9 9 #aief1 aim$ to br+ e p>k up to /&>d by #aiff--;& call x ,mission #ff8 ,! ensu+ well-docum5t$ & co/-e/imat$ plan = ,mission #ff 0 en?usia/ically back$ by ,presid5t ,dwight ,d4 ,eis5h[] & approv$ & well support$ by ,congress to ! tune ( m ?an #a billion dur+ ! #aj-ye> p]iod4 ,= ,ar*es1 ?is includ$ a new entrance1 ,p>k ,headqu>t]s1 ,visitor ,c5t]1 a museum boa/+ a bu/ ( f\nd] ,dr4 ,williams1 & mod]n h\s+ = p>k p]sonnel1 all #e miles nor?we/ ( ,moab4 ,by #aieh 7,pi]son1 #aifj7 a f9e new pav$ road betwe5 ,p>k ,headqu>t]s & ,balanc$ ,rock 7frontispiece7 0 complet$4 ,^! badly ne$$ improvem5ts 7 foll[$ by ! completion ( ! pav$ road all ! way to ,devils ,g>d51 ! build+ ( ! mod]n campgr\nd1 picnic facilities1 & amphi!at] 9 ! ,devils ,g>d51 & ! con/ruction ( turn\ts & m>k$ trails4 ,illu/ration3 ,petroglyph figure ,graduation to a ,p>k ,ar*es graduat$ to a full-fl$g$ national p>k :5 ,presid5t ,ri*>d ,m4 ,nixon sign$ a ,congressional ,bill on ,novemb] #af1 #aiga4 ,! *ange 9 /atus 0 accompani$ by b\nd>y *anges t r$uc$ ! area to ab\t #aad squ>e miles4 ,! loss ( mo/ ( ,dry ,mesa1 j ea/ ( ! pres5t b\nd>y 7fig4 #a71 0 (fset 9 "p by ga9s ( new l& nor?we/ ( ,devils ,g>d54 ,! pres5t 7#aigd7 b\nd>ies1 roads1 trails1 & nam$ features ( ! p>k are %[n 9 figure #a4 ,! p>k 0 virtually complet$ at graduation "t1 & s f> ?is *ange 9 /atus has %[n up ma9ly 9 new entrance signs1 a new #aigb bro*ure & map1 & a v in=mative 8,guide to an ,auto ,t\r ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k10 key$ to numb]$ signs at p>k+ spaces4 ,ab\t all t rema9 to be add$ are new wayside exhibits1 "s b\nd>y f5ces1 & spur roads & trails4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ar*es ,,national ,,p>k1 %[+ location 9 ,utah1 b\nd>ies1 /reams1 highways & roads1 trails1 l&=ms1 pr9cipal nam$ features1 & ! city ( ,moab4 ,! read] is ref]r$ to figure #g & to road maps issu$ by ! ,/ate or by oil companies = ! locations ( o!r ne>by t[ns & features4 ,visitors also may obta9 pamphlets1 f ! entrance /ation or f ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice (fice 9 ,moab1 :i* conta9 up-to-date maps ( ! p>k & ! late/ available in=mation on roads1 trails1 campsites1 & picnic sites4 7,fig4 #a7 ,al?\gh ,ar*es _h (ficially become a p>k 9 ,novemb] #aiga1 x 0 n =mally d$icat$ until ,may #ae1 #aigb4 ,! c]emony began by hav+ ! ,f$]al1 ,/ate1 & local dignit>ies & o!r gue/s total+ #adj p]sons bo>d ! ,canyon ,k+1 a #ic-;foot replica ( a ,mississippi ,riv] /]n:eel] 7,lans=d1 #aigb2 ,lohman1 #aigd1 fig4 #fi71 = its maid5 voyage d[n ! ,colorado ,riv]4 ,aft] ab\t half an h\r1 ! heavily lad5 boat became /uck on a s&b>1 & aft] a #ij-m9ute wait ! pass5g]s 7 rescu$ by jet boats4 ,?is delay$ a lun*eon at ! ,visitor ,c5t] put on by ! ,moab ,lions ,club4 ,foll[+ ! lun*eon1 ,p>k ,sup]9t5d5t ,bates ,wilson made a brief welcom+ address1 !n introduc$ ,j4 ,leon>d ,volz1 ,director ( ! ,midwe/ ,region ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 :o s]v$ z ma/] ( c]emonies4 ,speak]s includ$ ,utah ,gov]nor ,calv9 ,l4 ,rampton1 ,s5ator ,frank ,e4 ,moss1 a repres5tative ( ,s5ator ,wallace ,f4 ,b5nett1 ,repres5tatives ,%]man ,p4 ,lloyd ( ,utah & ,wayne ,asp9all ( ,colorado1 & ,mit*ell ,meli*1 ,solicitor ,g5]al ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,int]ior1 repres5t+ ,secret>y ,rog]s ,c4 ,b4 ,morton4 ,aft] ! spee*es1 a commemorative plaque1 donat$ by ! ,canyonl&s ,natural ,hi/ory ,association1 0 unveil$ by ,s5ator ,moss & ,mr4 ,meli*4 ,mo/ ( ! color photographs 7 tak5 by me on #d- #e-;in* film 9 a tripod-m\nt$ press cam]a1 us+ l5ses ( sev]al focal l5g?s1 b a few 7 tak5 on #ce-mm film1 us+ l5ses ( v>i\s focal l5g?s4 ,i am grateful to sev]al fri5ds = ! color photographs cr$it$ to !m 9 ! figure captions4 ,! black & :ite photographs 7 k9dly loan$ f ! ,moab & ,ar*es files ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice4 ,! po9ts f :i* mo/ ( ! photographs 7 tak5 are %[n 9 figure #ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,petroglyph figure ,e>ly ,hi/ory ,prehi/oric ,p ,! ,canyon l&s 9 & s\? ( ,ar*es 7 inhabit$ by cliff dwell]s c5turies be=e ! fir/ visits ( ! ,spani>ds & fur trapp]s4 ,projectile po9ts & o!r artifacts f\nd 9 ! ne>by ,la ,sal & ,abajo ,m\nta9s indicate occupation by aborig9es dur+ ! p]iod f ab\t #cjjj-bjjj ,b4,c4 to ab\t ,a4,d4 #a 7,hunt1 ,alice1 #aief74 ,! ,fremont p occupi$ ! area ar\nd ,a4,d4 #hej or #ijj1 & ! ,pueblo or ,anasazi p f ab\t ,a4,d4 #ajge to _! dep>ture 9 ! late #ab? c5tury 7,j5n+s1 #aigj74 ,mo/ ( ! evid5ce = ^! e>ly occupations has be5 f\nd 9 & s\? ( ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k 7,lohman1 #aigd71 b "s traces ( ^! & possibly e>li] cultures h be5 f\nd also )9 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k4 ,ross ,a4 ,maxwell 7,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 writt5 commun41 #aida7 inve/igat$ two caves 9 ! ,entrada ,s&/one 9 ! upp] rea*es ( ,salt ,wa% t conta9 ,anasazi ru9s4 ,he m5tion$ t p]haps a doz5 or m o!r caves %\ld be *eck$ = evid5ce ( =m] occupation &1 also1 t he f\nd sev]al anci5t campsites litt]$ ) fl9t *ips & brok5 tools4 ,"o cave ,maxwell explor$ "s #e miles nor? ( ,wolfe ,ran* & nor? ( ! p>k is ab\t #cjj feet long & #ajj to #aej feet deep4 ,x conta9s ! rema9s ( "o or m ru9s ( a /ructure he ?\ght may h cov]$ mu* ( ! floor4 ,! rema9+ p>ts ( walls n[ are only two to f\r ti]s ( /ones 9 height1 al?\gh orig9ally !y may h be5 m ?an "o /ory high4 ,maxwell explor$ a second cave on ! ea/ side ( ,salt ,wa%1 ab\t #b miles nor? ( ,wolfe ,ran*1 :i* conta9s #af /orage ci/s ( adobe4 ,! faces ( _m old] s&/one cliffs or l$ges are d>k5$ by des]t v>ni%--a natural pigm5t ( iron & manganese oxides4 ,! prehi/oric inhabitants ( ! ,plateau le>n$ t effective & endur+ designs1 call$ petroglyphs1 c\ld be creat$ simply by *isel+ or peck+ ?r\gh ! ?9 d>k lay] to reveal ! buff or tan s&/one b5ea?4 ,mo/ petroglyphs 7 creat$ by ! ,anasazi1 b ^? %[+ m5 m\nt$ on horses 7 done by ,ute tribesm5 aft] ! ,spani>ds br\ght 9 horses 9 ! #aejj's4 ,! ,fremont p & "s e>li] p pa9t$ figures on rock faces1 call$ pictographs1 & "s ( ^! _h peck$ outl9es4 ,! s-call$ 8,moab panel0 0 describ$ by ,beck) 7#aicd1 p4 #agg7 z a petroglyph1 b1 z po9t$ out by ,s*aafsma 7#aiga1 p4 #gb1 #gc71 x comprises figures hav+ peck$ outl9es & pa9t$ bodies1 :i* actually are comb9ations ( petroglyphs & pictographs4 ,?is beautifully pres]v$ gr\p ( pa9t+s is %[n 9 ! upp] photograph ( figure #b4 ,mrs4 ,s*aafsma goes on to say1 conc]n+ ! 8,moab panel03 ,! long tap]$ body1 ! ant5na l headdresses1 & ! />+ eyes are *>act]i/ic features ( ,b>ri] ,canyon /yle figures else:]e 99 99 994 ,( special int]e/ "h are ! l>ge %ields held by c]ta9 figures4 ,a visit to ?is site indicat$ t ! %ields1 al?\gh app>5tly ( "s antiquity1 h be5 sup]impos$ ov] "s ( ! ,b>ri] ,canyon figures4 ,:e!r or n ?is 0 done by ! ,b>ri] ,canyon /yle arti/s !mselves or lat] com]s to ! site is impossible to tell4 ,al?\gh def9ite pro( seems lack+1 %e sugge/$ 7writt5 commun41 ,nov4 #c1 #aigc7 t ! 8#8,b>ri] ,canyon /yle'#c 99 99 99 is e>li] ?an ! "w 9 ! same region cle>ly attributable to ! ,fremont40 ,note ! ?ree bullet holes 9 & ne> ! "r-h& %ield4 ,a l$ge above ! panel t conta9$ petroglyphs dur+ h] e>li] visit _h fall5 to ! base ( ! cliff by ! "t my wife & ,i inspect$ ! panel 9 ,septemb] #aigc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,rock ,,art ,,9 ,,ar*es ,,national ,,p>k4 ,a 7above71 8,moab panel10 on cliff ( ,w+ate ,s&/one above ,u4,s4 ,highway #afc betwe5 ,c\r?\se ,wa% & ,colorado ,riv]1 believ$ to be ! "w ( 8,b>ri] ,canyon0 /yle p4 ,b 7bel[71 ,petroglyphs on l$ge ( s&/one 9 ,morrison ,=mation on ea/ side ( ,salt ,wa% j nor? ( ,wolfe ,ran*1 believ$ to h be5 cut by ,ute tribesm54 7,fig4 #b7 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b ,b ,mrs4 ,s*aafsma believes ! petroglyphs 9 ! l[] photograph ( figure #b to be ! "w ( ,ute tribesm51 n only because ( ! horses1 b also because ( ! /iff-legg$ appe>ance ( ! m\nta9 %eep4 ,note ! bullet hole above ! panel4 ,late ,arrivals ,lat] arrivals 9 & ne> ,ar*es ,national ,p>k includ$ fir/ ,spani% explor]s1 !n trapp]s1 cattlem51 cattle ru/l]s & horse ?ieves1 foll[$ 9 ! pres5t c5tury by oil drill]s1 uranium hunt]s1 jeep/]s1 & t\ri/s4 ,but* ,cassidy1 ! ,sundance ,kid1 & o!r memb]s ( ,! ,wild ,bun* are kn[n to h frequ5t$ p>ts ( :at is n[ ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k 7,bak]1 ,pe>l1 #aiga71 b x is n c]ta9 :e!r or n any ( !m trav]s$ :at is n[ ,ar*es ,national ,p>k4 ,! fir/ settl] 9 :at is n[ ,ar*es ,national ,p>k 0 a ,civil ,w> vet]an nam$ ,john ,wesley ,wolfe1 :o 0 dis*>g$ f ! ,union ,army ab\t #c weeks be=e ! ,battle ( ,bull ,run because he suff]$ f v>icose ve9s4 ,9 #ahhh 8 doctor told him he _h to leave ,ohio = a dry] climate or he w\ld n live #f mon?s1 s he took 8 son ,fr$ we/ & settl$ on a tract ( #aej acres along ! we/ bank ( ,salt ,wa%1 :]e 8 8,wolfe cab90 /ill /&s 7figs4 #a1 #c74 ,f family lett]s & newspap] clipp+s compil$ by ,mrs4 ,max9e ,newell & o!r memb]s ( ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice 7,max9e ,newell1 writt5 commun41 #aiga71 we le>n :at life 9 ! area 0 l3 ,we h />t$ a cattle spread on a des]t home/ead4 ,we call x ! ,b>-,,dx ,ran*4 ,fr$ & ,i live 9 a little log h\se on ! bank ( a creek t is sometimes dry1 sometimes flood$ f bank to bank ) ro>+ muddy wat]4 ,we are surr\nd$ ) rocks--gigantic r$ rock =mations1 massive ar*es & weird figures1 ! l ( :i* y\ve sic nev] se54 ,! des]t is a ho/ile1 dem&+ c\ntry1 hot 9 summ]1 cold 9 w9t]4 ,! ,b>-,,dx ,ran* is a day's ride f ! ne>e/ /ore1 out ( ! range ( s*ools4 ,al?\gh ,john ,wolfe _h promis$ 8 wife & 8 o!r *ildr5 t he w\ld return home ! fir/ fall t 8 cattle sales nett$ en\gh money1 he & ,fr$ /ay$ on & on1 & 8 wife refus$ to g we/ & jo9 h] husb& & son4 ,eighte5 ye>s lat] he s5t money f 8 p5sion *eck to 8 daught]1 ,mrs4 ,flora ,/anley1 8 son-9-law1 ,ed ,/anley1 & 8 two gr&*ildr51 ,e/h] & ,f]ol1 to jo9 him & ,fr$ at ! ran*4 ,_! tra9 0 met at ,?ompson ,spr+s 7n[ ,?ompson71 ,utah 7fig4 #g71 by ,john ,wolfe = ! #cj-mile ride to ! ran* by horse & wagon4 ,sight ( ! t9y log cab9 ) only a dirt floor br\ght te>s to 8 daught]'s eyes1 b h] spirits rose consid]ably aft] ,john ,wolfe promis$ to build a new log cab9 ) a wood5 floor4 ,b ! *ildr5 7 en*ant$ ) ?is /range c\ntry1 ) ! build+ ( ! new cab91 &1 especially1 ) gett+ to g rabbit hunt+ ) ,gr&pa ,wolfe4 ,! ,/anleys /ay$ at ! ran* until ,e/h] 0 #aj1 !n mov$ to ,moab to await ! arrival ( _! ?ird *ild1 ,volna4 ,9 #aiaj ,john ,wolfe sold ! ,b>-,,dx ,ran*1 & ! entire family mov$ to ,kansas4 ,john ,wolfe lat] mov$ back to ,ohio1 & di$ at ,etna1 ,lick+ ,c\nty1 on ,octob] #bb1 #aiac1 at ! age ( #hd1 #be ye>s aft] 8 doctor _h w>n$ him to move to a dry] climate or face an e>ly dea?4 ,wolfe _h sold 8 spread to ,tommy ,l>son1 :o lat] sold x to ,j4 ,m>v ,turnb[ & 8 p>tn]s1 ,le/] ,walk] & ,/ib ,beeson4 ,! old log cab9 gradually came to be kn[n z ! 8,turnb[ cab910 & ?is "n appe>$ on e>ly maps ( ! area by ! ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey & on e>ly pamphlets by ! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 p>tly because ,m>v ,turnb[ s]v$ z a camph& 9 #aibg assi/+ 9 ! fir/ detail$ geologic mapp+ ( ! area 7,dane1 #aice1 p4 #d74 ,9 #aidg ! ran* 0 sold to ,emmett ,elizondo1 :o lat] sold x to ! ,gov]nm5t = inclusion 9 :at 0 !n ! monum5t4 ,f in=mation suppli$ by ,wolfe's gr&daught]1 ,mrs4 ,e/h] ,/anley ,rison1 & 8 great-gr&daught]1 ,mrs4 ,hazel ,wolfe ,ha/l]1 :o visit$ ! cab9 9 ,july #aigj1 ! orig9al "n ,wolfe cab91 or ,wolfe ,ran*1 has be5 re/or$1 & appe>s on ! new] maps & pamphlets4 7,see fig4 #a47 ,:at rema9s ( ,wolfe's ,b>-,,dx ,ran* is %[n 9 figure #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,wolfe',s ,,b>-,,dx ,,ran*1 on we/ bank ( ,salt ,wa% at />t ( trail to ,delicate ,ar*4 ,left to "r3 ,corral1 wagon1 8new0 cab91 & root cell>4 8,old0 cab91 :i* =m]ly 0 to "r ( photograph1 0 wa%$ away by a flood 9 #aijf4 7,fig4 #c7 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k is surr\nd$ by active uranium & vanadium m9es & by _m te/ wells = oil1 gas1 & pota%2 x is und]la9 by ext5sive salt & pota% deposits4 ,oil & gas are produc$ a few miles to ! nor? & ea/1 & pota% is be+ produc$ ab\t #ab miles to ! s\? 7,lohman1 #aigd74 ,uranium & vanadium h be5 m9$ on ! ,colorado ,plateau s9ce #ahih 7,dane1 #aice1 p4 #agf7 & 9 ! ,yell[ ,cat area 7also call$ ,?ompson's area71 j nor? ( ! p>k 7fig4 #a71 s9ce ab\t #aiaa 7,/okes1 #aieb1 p4 #g74 ,! deposits 9 ! ,yell[ ,cat area occur 9 ! ,salt ,wa% ,s&/one ,memb] ( ! ,morrison ,=mation 7fig4 #d74 ,accord+ to ,pete ,b]oni 7,u4,s4 ,atomic ,en]gy ,commission1 oral commun41 ,augu/ #f1 #aigc71 "s ore is /ill be+ produc$ 9 ! ,yell[ ,cat area1 & ! production ( vanadium ore w increase z soon z ! uranium mill at ,moab is conv]t$ to also h&le vanadium ore4 ,! ,corral & s-call$ ,%9>ump m9es along ! s\?we/ side ( ,moab ,canyon j nor? ( ,sev5mile ,canyon 7fig4 #a7 are /ill actively produc+ uranium ore f ! ,moss ,back ,memb] ( ! ,*9le ,=mation1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,b]oni4 ,! occurr5ces ( salt & pota% 9 & ne> ! p>k & ! attempts to f9d oil & gas ne>by are discuss$ 9 a rec5t report 7,hite & ,lohman1 #aigc71 & ! deposits b5ea? ,moab1 ,salt1 & ,ca*e ,valleys are discuss$ 9 lat] *apt]s4 ,9 #aiee & #aief ! ,pacific ,nor?we/ ,pipel9e1 kn[n also z ! 8,sc5ic ,in*10 0 con/ruct$ by ! ,pacific ,nor?we/ ,pipel9e ,corp4 to transmit natural gas f wells 9 ! ,san ,juan ,bas9 ( nor?we/]n ,new ,mexico = a total ( #a1dhg miles to ! ,pacific ,nor?we/1 ) additional pickups f gas fields 9 nor!a/]n ,utah1 nor?we/]n ,colorado1 & s\?we/]n ,wyom+ 7,walt]s1 #aief74 ,?is #bf-;in* pipel9e foll[s ! g5]al r\te ( ,u4,s4 ,highway #afc f ,cortez1 ,colo41 pa/ ,moab to ,sev5mile ,canyon #aj miles nor?we/ ( ,moab1 :]e x turns abruptly to ! nor!a/ & crosses ab\t ! middle ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k4 ,x crosses ! p>k road & ! flat area betwe5 ! ,fi]y ,furnace & ! s\!a/ end ( ,devils ,g>d51 b ! sc>s are s well heal$ t mo/ visitors are unaw>e ( its exi/5ce unless !y happ5 to look s\?we/w>d across ,salt ,valley1 :]e ! fill$ excavation is /ill visible4 ,! fill$ tr5* also appe>s 9 ! l[] middle ( figure #bc4 ,unlike ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k a few miles to ! s\?1 ,ar*es 0 n on ! r\te ( ! fam\s e>ly-day riv] exp$itions ( ,john ,wesley ,p[ell or ( mo/ ( ^? t foll[$2 h[ev]1 ! s\!a/]n b\nd>y ( ! p>k is ! ,colorado ,riv]1 =m]ly ! ,gr&1 :i* 0 trav]s$ by ! fir/ leg ( ! ill-fat$ ,br[n-,/anton exp$ition 7,dell5baugh1 #aijb1 p4 #cdc-cfi2 ,lohman1 #aigd74 ,! canyon ( ! ,colorado ,riv] along ! s\!a/]n p>k b\nd>y is deep & beautiful & is a favorite /ret* ( quiet wat] = boat]s & float]s4 ,p>tly pav$ ,/ate ,highway #abh on ! ea/ bank is a "p ( a mo/ sc5ic drive f ,moab to ,cisco--a small railroad t[n ab\t #cb miles nor!a/ ( ! ea/]n bord] ( figure #a 7fig4 #g74 ,?is road has be5 v>i\sly call$ ! 8,moab ,mail ,road10 ! 8,cisco ,cut(f10 ! 8,dewey ,road10 or ! 8,dewey ,bridge ,road0 aft] an old susp5sion bridge 7fig4 #g7 across ! ,colorado ,riv] at ! old t[nsite ( ,dewey ab\t #ab miles s\? ( ,cisco4 ,dur+ ! summ] ?is deep colorful canyon may be view$ at night by artificial illum9ation4 ,ea* ev5+ "o-half h\r aft] sund[n1 an #hj-pass5g] jet boat leaves a dock nor? ( ! highway bridge1 c>ries pass5g]s sev]al miles up/ream1 !n floats sl[ly d[n/ream foll[$ by a truck on ! highway c>ry+ #dj1jjj watts ( se>*lights :i* play back & =? on ! colorful r$ canyon walls1 :ile ! pass5g]s li/5 to a tap$ disc\rse4 ,! entire trip requires ab\t #b h\rs4 ,! spectacul> ar*es & r$ rocks ( ,ar*es & vic9ity h be5 us$ to advantage 9 mak+ color movies & color ,,tv %[s4 ,p>ts ( ! rec5t ,walt ,disney film 8,run1 ,c\g>1 ,run0 7 film$ b5ea? ,delicate ,ar* 7fig4 #dc71 9 ,pr(essor ,valley ( ! ,colorado ,riv] j ea/ ( ! p>k 7fig4 #g71 & 9 o!r sections ( ! canyon c\ntry4 ,ev] s9ce milit>y jet aircraft broke ! s\nd b>ri]1 !re has be5 a gr[+ numb] ( prote/s f conc]n$ citiz5s1 organizations1 & ,national ,p>k ,s]vice (ficials conc]n+ ! dang]s sonic booms h pos$ to ,indian ru9s & delicate erosional =ms 9 our national p>ks & monum5ts1 su* z natural bridges1 ar*es & w9d[s1 balanc$ rocks1 & natural spires or t[]s4 ,_m in/ances ( damag$ ru9s1 roads1 erosional =ms1 & brok5 w9d[s 7 report$4 ,my wife & ,i c v\* = ! de/ructive p[] ( su* booms1 = 9 ,octob] #aifi1 :ile we 7 hav+ breakfa/ at ,squaw ,flat ,campgr\nd 9 ,! ,ne$les section ( ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k1 a p>ticul>ly sev]e bla/ f a l[-fly+ jet n only viol5tly rock$ our jack-support$ trail] b broke ! w9d%ield ( our c>4 ,at ,ar*es ,national ,p>k1 p>ticul> fe> 0 felt = ,l&scape ,ar* 7fig4 #ec71 ?\ght to be ! longe/ natural /one ar* 9 ! _w1 & _m a special r\nd trip f headqu>t]s involv+ #dg road miles & #b trail miles 0 made to *eck on ! condition ( ?is ar* aft] especially l\d sonic booms 7 he>d4 ,f9ally1 9 ,april #aigb1 foll[+ a ra% ( newspap] & magaz9e articles t spread across ! nation1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,air ,=ce put a virtual /op to ?is dang] by rul+ t1 except 9 an em]g5cy 7,moab ,times-,indep5d5t1 ,april #ab1 #aigb73 ,sup]sonic flights mu/ n only avoid pass+ ov] national p>ks1 !y also may n fly ne> !m1 accord+ to ! new regulation4 ,= ea* #a1jjj feet ( altitude1 ! pilot mu/ all[ "o-half mile betwe5 ! flight pa? & ! p>k b\nd>y4 ,! regulation also prohibits sup]sonic flights bel[ #cj1jjj feet 7ov] l&7 s ! high spe$ planes mu/ all[ #ae miles betwe5 ! ne>e/ p>k b\nd>y & ! flight pa?4 ,let u hope t ) ! aid ( ?is long-ne$$ regulation & coop]ation f visitors1 ! ar*es w rema9 intact = _m m g5]ations to see4 ,illu/ration3 ,petroglyph figure ,geographic ,sett+ ,geologi/s h divid$ ! ,unit$ ,/ates into _m prov9ces1 ea* ( :i* has di/9ctive geologic & topographic *>act]i/ics t set x ap>t f ! o!rs4 ,"o ( ! mo/ intrigu+ & sc5ic ( ^! is ! ,colorado ,plateaus prov9ce1 ref]r$ to 9 ?is report simply z ! ,colorado ,plateau1 or ! ,plateau 7,hunt1 ,c4 ,b41 #aief1 fig4 #a74 ,?is prov9ce1 :i* cov]s "s #aej1jjj squ>e miles & is n all plateaus1 z we %all see1 ext5ds f ,rifle1 ,colo41 at ! nor!a/ to a little beyond ,flag/aff1 ,ariz41 at ! s\?we/1 & f ,c$> ,city1 ,utah1 at ! we/ ne>ly to ,albuqu]que1 ,n4 ,mex41 at ! s\!a/4 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k occupies "p ( ! ,canyon ,l&s ,section1 "o ( ! six subdivisions ( ! ,plateau4 ,z ! names imply1 ! ,canyon ,l&s ,section ( ! ,plateau comprises a high plateau g5]ally rang+ 9 altitude f #e1jjj to #g1jjj feet1 :i* has be5 intricately dissect$ by lit]ally ?\s&s ( canyons4 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k is dra9$ entirely by ! ,colorado ,riv]1 ^: deep canyon bord]s ! p>k on ! s\!a/ 7fig4 #a74 ,mo/ ( ! p>k is dra9$ by ,salt ,wa%1 :i* ent]s ! ,colorado ,riv] j s\!a/ ( ,! ,w9d[s section1 b ! s\?we/]n "p is dra9$ by ,c\r?\se ,wa% & ,moab ,canyon1 ^: fl[s jo9 ! ,colorado j we/ ( ! bridge on :i* ,u4,s4 ,highway #afc crosses ! riv]4 ,:5 view$ at a di/ance ( #a foot1 ! %ad$ relief map 7fig4 #a7 %[s ! g5]al %ape ( ! l& surface 9 & ne> ,ar*es ,national ,p>k to ! same horizontal scale z x w\ld appe> to a p]son 9 a spacecraft fly+ at a height ( #bej1jjj feet1 or ab\t #dg4e miles4 ,?is map 0 prep>$ f "p ( ! rev]se side ( a pla/ic-relief map#d at a scale ( #a3bej1jjj by ! ,u4,s4 ,army ,map ,s]vice ( ! ,moab quadrangle1 us+ a simple "t- & money-sav+ me?od 7,/acy1 #aifb74 ,illu/ration3 ,petroglyph figure ,deposition ( ,! ,rock ,mat]ials ,! vivid & v>i$ colors ( ! b>e rocks & ! fanta/ic buttes1 spires1 columns1 alcoves1 caves1 ar*es1 & o!r erosional =ms ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k result f a =tuit\s comb9ation ( geologic & climatic circum/ances & ev5ts unequall$ 9 mo/ o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,fir/ among ^! ev5ts 0 ! pil+ up1 lay] ^u lay]1 ( ?\s&s ( feet ( s$im5t>y rocks "u a wide v>iety ( environm5ts4 ,s$im5t>y rocks ( ! region are compos$ ( clay1 silt1 s&1 & gravel c>ri$ & deposit$ by mov+ wat]2 silt & s& transport$ by w9d2 & "s mat]ials precipitat$ f wat] solutions1 su* z lime/one 7calcium c>bonate71 dolomite 7calcium & magnesium c>bonate71 gypsum 7calcium sulfate ) "s wat]71 anhydrite 7calcium sulfate alone71 common salt 7sodium *loride71 pota% m9]als1 su* z potassium *loride1 & a few o!r less common types4 ,"s ( ! b$s 7 laid d[n 9 %all[ seas t once cov]$ ! area or 9 lagoons & e/u>ies ne> ! sea4 ,o!r b$s 7 deposit$ by /reams 9 inl& bas9s or pla9s1 a few 7 deposit$ 9 lakes1 & ! con/itu5ts ( deposits l ! ,navajo ,s&/one1 7 c>ri$ 9 by ! w9d4 ,! "* & ?ickness ( ! expos$ s$im5t>y rocks & ! names & ages assign$ to !m by geologi/s are %[n 9 ! rock column 7fig4 #d7 & 9 ! cross section 7fig4 #h74 ,! hi/ory ( _! deposition is summ>iz$ on pages #ih-ajb4 ,figure #d 0 compil$ ma9ly f g5]aliz$ sections giv5 by ,a4 ,a4 ,bak] 7#aicc71 ,dane 7#aice71 ,mc,knight 7#aidj71 & ,wright1 ,%awe1 & ,lohman 7#aifb71 &1 9 "p1 f ,hite & ,lohman 7#aigc74 ,illu/ration3 ,,rock ,,column ,,( ,,ar*es ,,national ,,p>k4 ,av]age ?ickness ( units #bej-a1jjj feet is exagg]at$ two times2 ^? less ?an #bej feet1 f\r times4 #a foot #j4cje met]4 7,fig4 #d7 ,,age 7millions ( yrs ago7 ,,geologic ,,age ,,"n ,,( ,,rock ,,unit ,,k9d ,,( ,,rock ,,& ,,h[ ,,x ,,is ,,sculptur$ ,,by ,,erosion ,,?ickness 7feet7 ,,nam$ ,,= ,,occurr5ce ,,at ,,or ,,ne> #ajj ,late ,cretace\s ,mancos ,%ale ,lead-gray fossilif]\s m>9e %ale4 ,=ms slopes4 8 ,mancos1 ,colo4 ,dakota ,s&/one ,conglom]atic s&/one1 gray %ale1 c>bonace\s %ale1 & coal4 ,=ms l$ge4 #ajj ,dakota1 ,nebr4 ,uncon=mity ,late ,jurassic ,morrison ,fm4 #gjj ,morrison1 ,colo4 ,bru%y ,bas9 ,memb] ,v>iegat$ %ale1 "s s&/one & conglom]ate1 petrifi$ wood1 *]t1 & d9osaur bones4 ,may conta9 "s b$s ( ,burro ,canyon 7,e>ly ,cretace\s7 age4 ,salt ,wa% ,memb] ,crossb$d$ :ite & gray conglom]atic s&/one b$s & l5ses1 locally c>notite be>+1 & r$ & gray s&y mud/one4 ,=ms slopes4 ,uncon=mity #afj ,san ,rafael ,gr\p 7,san ,rafael ,swell1 ,utah7 ,summ]ville ,fm4 ,?9 b$d$ r$ s&/one & %ale4 ,"s *]ty lime/one concretions4 ,=ms slopes4 #j-dj ,summ]ville ,po9t1 ,utah ,entrada ,ss4 7,entrada ,po9t1 ,utah7 ,moab ,memb] ,:ite1 crossb$d$ f9e-gra9$ s&/one4 ,caps ,slick ,rock ,memb] nor? ( ,devils ,g>d5 & ,fi]y ,furnace & on ,klondike ,bluffs4 #j-ajj ,moab1 ,utah ,slick ,rock ,memb] ,salmon-color$ to p9k & :ite f9e-gra9$ g5]ally crossb$d$ s&/one1 conta9+ "s m$ium- to co>se-gra9$ s&4 ,g5]ally =ms cliffs or n>r[ f9s _m ( :i* conta9 ar*es or w9d[s4 #j-bdj ,slick ,rock1 ,colo4 ,dewey ,bridge ,memb] ,r$ muddy s&/one & s&y mud/one1 ) contort$ b$d+4 ,=ms easily erod$ bases to ar*es 9 ,w9d[s ,section1 h5ce aid$ 9 _! developm5t4 #j-age ,dewey ,bridge1 ,utah ,uncon=mity #aij ,jurassic & ,triassic7872 ,gl5 ,canyon ,gr\p ,navajo ,s&/one ,massive crossb$d$ buff1 gray1 & :ite f9e-gra9$ s&/one1 & local b$s ( gray lime/one4 ,=ms cliffs along ,colorado ,riv]1 floors ,w9d[s ,section4 #j-cej ,navajo ,c\ntry1 ,f\r ,corn]s 7,gl5 ,canyon1 ,u47 ,late ,triassic787 ,kay5ta ,=mation ,lav5d]1 gray1 & :ite l5ses ( s&/one1 r$ s&y %ale1 & conglom]ate4 ,conta9s "s fre%wat] %ells4 ,caps & protects cliffs ( ,w+ate ,s&/one4 #j-bej ,kay5ta1 ,ariz4 ,late ,triassic ,w+ate ,s&/one ,massive1 horizontally b$d$ & crossb$d$ r$di% buff f9e-gra9$ s&/one4 ,=ms v]tical cliffs along ,colorado ,riv]1 ,ca*e ,valley1 ,salt ,wa%1 & ,c\r?\se ,wa%4 #j-cej ,=t ,w+ate1 ,n4 ,mex4 #bjj ,*9le ,=mation ,irregul>ly b$d$ buff to r$ s&/one1 r$ mud/one1 lime/one1 & conglom]ate4 ,l5ticul> s&/one & conglom]ate 7,moss ,back ,memb]7 locally at base4 ,fre%wat] %ells1 petrifi$ wood1 reptile bones4 ,=ms slopes4 #j-gjj ,*9le ,valley1 ,ariz4 ,moss ,back ,ridge1 ,utah ,uncon=mity ,middle787 & ,e>ly ,triassic ,mo5kopi ,=mation ,?9-b$d$ br[n %ale1 gray & br[n s&/one1 arkosic grit1 & conglom]ate4 ,crops out on s\?we/ side ( ,moab ,valley & 9 sev]al places 9 ,salt & ,ca*e ,valleys4 ,=ms slopes4 #j-a1cjj ,mo5kopi ,wa%1 ,ariz4 ,uncon=mity #bej ,p]mian ,cutl] ,=mation ,*ocolate br[n & r$ s&y %ale1 m>oon & p9ki%-gray arkose & conglom]ate4 ,l[] "p probably equival5t 9 age to ,rico ,=mation 9 areas to s\? & ea/4 ,crops out 9 ,moab ,canyon we/ ( ,moab fault4 ,=ms slopes4 #j-b1ejj ,cutl] ,creek1 ,colo4 ,p5nsylvanian ,h]mosa ,=mation ,unnam$ upp] memb] ,gray m>9e fossilif]\s s&y lime/one1 gray & gre5i%-gray s&/one & s&y %ale1 & r$ s&y %ale4 ,expos$ 9 l$ges s\?we/ ( ,moab fault 9 highway cut we/ ( p>k entrance4 #j-a1ejj ,h]mosa ,creek1 ,animas ,riv] ,valley1 ,colo4 #cjj ,p>adox ,memb] ,salt1 gypsum1 & anhydrite1 ) black & gray %ale & lime/one4 ,few exposures 9 ,salt & ,ca*e ,valleys4 ,=ms slopes4 #j-aa1jjj ,p>adox ,valley1 ,colo4 ,uncon=mity ,p5nsylvanian787 ,unnam$ conglom]ate ,yell[ s&/one ) b\ld]s ( lime/one & *]t conta9+ ,mississippian fossils4 ,expos$ at two places 9 ,salt ,valley4 8 ,n expos$ 9 ! area b pres5t f> b5ea? ! s$im5t>y cov] & expos$ 9 sev]al places a few miles to ! nor!a/ are examples ( ! o!r two pr9cipal types ( rocks--7#a7 igne\s rocks1 solidifi$ f molt5 rock =c$ into or above preexi/+ rocks along cracks1 jo9ts1 & faults1 & 7#b7 mu* old] metamorphic rocks1 =m$ f o!r preexi/+ rock types by great heat & pressure at extreme dep?s4 ,igne\s rocks ( ,t]ti>y age 7fig4 #ei7 =m ! ne>by ,la ,sal ,m\nta9s4 ,! p>ticles compris+ ! s$im5t>y rocks 9 ! area 7 d]iv$ by wea!r+ & erosion ( all ?ree types ( rocks 9 v>i\s s\rce areas4 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k & ne>by ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k are bo? 9 ! he>t ( ! ,canyon ,l&s ,section ( ! ,plateau2 !re=e1 x is only reasonable to wond] :y ! diff]5ces 9 _! g5]al "* seem+ly outweigh _! simil>ities4 ,fir/1 let u consid] ! simil>ities4 ,bo? p>ks are und]la9 by dom9antly r$ s$im5t>y rocks1 bo? p>ks feature unusual erosional =ms ( s&/one1 & bo? conta9 beautiful natural ar*es1 al?\gh ! ar*es 9 ,canyonl&s are re/rict$ almo/ entirely to ! s\!a/]n "p ( ,! ,ne$les section & are 9 mu* old] rocks ?an ^? 9 ,ar*es4 ,to be sure1 diff]5ces 9 ! rocks !mselves play a "p 9 ! dissimil>ity ( ! two p>ks1 & ^! diff]5ces are ( two types4 ,fir/1 !re are lat]al *anges 9 ! "* ( ! /rata1 kn[n to geologi/s z facies *anges1 br\ght ab\t by diff]5ces 9 ! environm5t1 9 ! type ( mat]ials1 & 9 ! mode ( deposition ev5 )9 relatively %ort di/ances4 ,?us1 dur+ p>ts ( ! ,p]mian ,p]iod :ile s&1 lat] to be kn[n z ! ,c$> ,mesa & ,:ite ,rim ,s&/one ,memb]s ( ! ,cutl] ,=mation1 0 be+ deposit$ 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,canyonl&s1 r$ mud1 silt1 & s& ( ! ,cutl] 7 laid d[n f>!r nor? 9 ,canyonl&s 7,lohman1 #aigd1 fig4 #i71 & simil>1 ?\gh some:at co>s]1 b$s ( ! ,cutl] 7 laid d[n at ,ar*es 7fig4 #d74 ,fur!r comp>isons ( ! rock columns 9 ! two p>ks %[ t :ile lime/ones ( ! ,rico ,=mation 7 be+ deposit$ 9 a %all[ sea 9 ! s\!rn "p ( ,canyonl&s1 additional r$ mud1 silt1 & s& ( ! ,cutl] 7 be+ laid d[n above sea level 9 areas to ! nor!a/4 ,! s\rce ( ! co>s] mat]ials 0 ! anci5t ,uncompahgre ,highl&1 :i* /ood above sea level f ,late ,p5nsylvanian "t to ,late ,triassic "t 7figs4 #g1 #ei74 ,al?\gh wid] & long]1 x occupi$ ab\t ! same position z ! pres5t ,uncompahgre ,plateau betwe5 ,gr& ,junction & ,gateway1 ,colo4 ,/reams erod$ ! h>d igne\s & metamorphic rocks f ?is anci5t l&mass & dump$ ! mat]ial into bas9s to ! nor!a/ & s\?we/4 ,! bas9 to ! s\?we/1 n[ call$ ! ,p>adox bas9 7aft] ,p>adox ,valley1 ,colo471 at int]vals conta9$ %all[ seas & lagoons1 :i* ,i w discuss lat]4 ,comp>ison ( ! rock columns = ! two p>ks also reveals o!r diff]5ces4 ,bo? p>ks conta9 exposures ( rocks z old z ! ,p5nsylvanian ,p>adox ,memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation4 ,h[ev]1 only 9 ! ,horse%oe ,canyon ,deta*$ ,unit ( ,canyonl&s are rocks z "y z ! ,jurassic ,entrada ,s&/one1 :]eas all ! spectacul> natural ar*es t make ,ar*es fam\s 7 =m$ 9 ! ,entrada ,s&/one1 & ,ar*es also conta9s sev]al y\ng] =mations ( ,jurassic & ,cretace\s age 7fig4 #d74 ,a commonly ask$ "q is 8,:y are mo/ ( ! rocks s r$1 p>ticul>ly ^? 9 :i* ! ar*es 7 =m$80 ,?is c be answ]$ ) "o ^w--iron1 ! same pigm5t us$ 9 r\ge & 9 pa9t = b>ns & boxc>s4 ,v>i\s oxides ( iron1 "s includ+ wat]1 produce n only brick r$ b also p9k1 salmon1 br[n1 buff1 yell[1 & ev5 gre5 or blui% gre54 ,?is does n imply t ! rocks c\ld be consid]$ z s\rces ( iron ore1 = ! m]e/ trace1 g5]ally only #a to #c p]c5t1 is en\gh to produce ev5 ! d>ke/ %ades ( r$4 ,! :ite or ne>ly :ite ,navajo ,s&/one & ! ,moab ,memb] ( ! ,entrada ,s&/one conta9 little or no iron4 ,z po9t$ out by ,/okes 7#aigj1 p4 #c71 microscopic exam9ation ( ! color$ gra9s ( qu>tz or o!r m9]als %[s ! pigm5t to be m]ely a ?9 coat+ on & betwe5 :ite or colorless p>ticles4 ,s& or silt wea!r$ f su* rocks soon loses its color by ! sc\r+ action ( w9d or wat]1 s t mo/ ( ! s& dunes & s& b>s are :ite or ne>ly s4 ,b5d+ ,& ,break+ ( ,! ,rocks ,p]haps ! greate/ geologic contra/ betwe5 ^! two closely adjac5t p>ks lies 9 _! diff]5t geologic /ructure--! k9d & am\nt ( b5d+ & break+ ( ! once ne>ly flat ly+ /rata4 ,consolidat$ rocks1 p>ticul>ly brittle types1 are subject to two types ( fractur+ by ,e>? =ces4 ,jo9ts are fractures along :i* no movem5t has tak5 place4 ,faults are fractures along :i* !re has be5 displacem5t ( ! two sides relative to "o ano!r 7fig4 #f74 ,z not$ 9 ! report on ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k 7,lohman1 #aigd71 ! /rata !re1 p>ticul>ly along ! valley ( ! ,gre5 ,riv]1 are virtually flat ly+ or h only v g5tle dips4 ,along ! ,colorado ,riv] above ! conflu5ce ) ! ,gre51 h[ev]1 ! slightly dipp+ /rata are int]rupt$ by sev]al g5tle anticl9al & syncl9al folds 7fig4 #e7 & by at lea/ "o fault 7fig4 #f74 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! folds--! ,cane ,creek anticl9e1 :i* crosses ! ,colorado ,riv] nor? ( ,canyonl&s--has yield$ oil 9 ! pa/ & is n[ yield+ pota% by solution m9+ ( salt b$s 9 ! ,p>adox ,memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,types ,,( ,,rock ,,folds4 ,top1 ,anticl9e1 or upfold2 clos$ anticl9es are call$ domes4 ,bottom1 ,syncl9e1 or d[nfold2 clos$ syncl9es are call$ bas9s4 ,f ,hans5 7#aifi1 p4 #ca1 #ajh74 7,fig4 #e7 ,9 /rong contra/ to ,canyonl&s1 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k conta9s ?ree nor?we/]ly tr5d+ major folds & is bord]$ on ! s\?we/ by a f\r?4 ,! l>ge/ & mo/ important are ! collaps$ ,salt ,valley & ,ca*e ,valley anticl9es1 :i* sep>ate ! two mo/ sc5ic gr\ps ( ar*es & o!r erosional =ms--,eagle ,p>k1 ,devils ,g>d51 ,fi]y ,furnace1 & ,delicate ,ar* on ! nor!a/1 & ,klondike ,bluffs1 ,h]d9a ,p>k1 & ,! ,w9d[s section on ! s\?we/4 ,f>!r s\?we/ is ! ,c\r?\se syncl9e1 conta9+ ! attractive gr\p ( erosional =ms call$ ,c\r?\se ,t[]s 7fig4 #a74 ,f9ally1 ne> ! s\?we/ edge ( ! p>k1 is ! ,sev5 ,mile-,moab ,valley anticl9e 7also kn[n z ! ,moab-,spani% ,valley anticl9e71 ^: s\?we/ limb is cut (f by ! ,moab fault 7figs4 #g1 #bc74 ,! folds j nam$ & ! %>ply contra/+ geologic /ructures ( ! two p>ks are well %[n on %eet #b ( ! geologic map ( ! ,moab quadrangle 7,williams1 #aifd71 & ! geologic =mations are %[n 9 color on %eet #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,common ,,types ,,( ,,faults4 ,top1 ,normal1 or gravity fault1 result+ f t5sion 9 & l5g!n+ ( ! ,e>?'s cru/4 ,bottom1 rev]se fault1 result+ f compression 9 & %ort5+ ( ! ,e>?'s cru/4 ,l[-angle rev]se faults g5]ally are call$ ov]?ru/s or ov]?ru/ faults4 ,9 bo? types1 note am\nt ( displacem5t & repetition ( /rata4 ,displacem5ts may range f a few in*es or feet to _m ?\s&s ( feet4 ,f ,hans5 7#aifi1 p4 #aaf74 7,fig4 #f7 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>adox ,,bas91 9 s\!a/]n ,utah & s\?we/]n ,colorado1 %[+ ! ext5t ( common salt & major pota% deposits 9 ! ,p>adox ,memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation1 & ! salt anticl9es4 ,adapt$ f ,hite 7#aigb1 fig4 #a;,b74 7,fig4 #g7 ,illu/ration3 ,,geologic ,,section ,,across ,,nor?we/ ,,end ,,( ,,ar*es ,,national ,,p>k1 %[+ /rata b5ea? ,c\r?\se syncl9e & ,salt ,valley anticl9e4 ,= l9e ( section1 see figure #i4 ,caprock consi/s ( gypsum & %ale1 f :i* common salt has be5 lea*$ by gr\nd wat]1 cov]$ by alluvium4 ,heavy slant$ l9es ne> cre/ ( anticl9e are faults4 ,adapt$ f ,hite & ,lohman 7#aigc1 fig4 #ac74 7,fig4 #h7 ,illu/ration3 ,,index ,,map ,,( ,,nor?we/]n ,,"p ,,( ,,ar*es ,,national ,,p>k1 %[+ axes ( ,c\r?\se syncl9e & ,salt ,valley anticl9e1 l9e ( section ,a-,a 9 figure #h & l9e ( section ,b-,b 9 figure #aj4 ,op5 circles along l9e ( section are sites ( te/ wells = oil1 gas1 or pota%4 ,adapt$ f ,hite & ,lohman 7#aigc1 fig4 #ab74 7,fig4 #i7 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k & mo/ ( ne>by ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k lie )9 :at geologi/s h t]m$ ! 8,p>adox bas910 :i* conta9s a rem>kable assemblage ( s$im5ts call$ ! ,p>adox ,memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation4 ,^! deposits 7 laid d[n 9 %all[ seas & lagoons dur+ ,middle ,p5nsylvanian "t1 r\ghly #cjj million ye>s ago 7fig4 #ei74 ,z indicat$ 9 figure #d1 ! ,p>adox ,memb] conta9s1 9 addition to %ale & lime/one1 m9]als deposit$ by ! evaporation & conc5tration ( sea wat]--common salt1 gypsum1 anhydrite1 & pota% salts4 ,= ?is reason su* deposits are collectively call$ evaporites4 ,figure #g also %[s t ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! ,p>adox bas91 :i* is ! deepe/ "p1 conta9s a s]ies ( p>tly al9$ anticl9es :i* h cores ( salt &1 h5ce1 are call$ salt anticl9es4 ,z might be expect$1 r\ghly al9$ syncl9es int]v5e betwe5 ! anticl9es1 b are n %[n because ( space limitations4 ,accord+ to ,cat] 7#aigj1 p4 #ej73 8,! salt anticl9es ( ,utah & ,colorado are unique 9 ,nor? ,am]ica bo? 9 /ructure & 9 mode ( developm5t40 ,to ?is may be add$ t !y also are relatively r>e 9 ! _w4 ,a section across ! ,salt ,valley anticl9e & ! ,c\r?\se syncl9e 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! p>k is %[n 9 figure #h1 & ! axes ( ^! /ructures are %[n 9 figure #i4 ,normally1 a s]ies ( r\ghly p>allel nor?we/w>d-tr5d+ folds w\ld result f %ort5+ ( a segm5t ( ! ,e>?'s cru/ by compressive =ces f ! nor!a/ & ! s\?we/1 b su* does n seem to be ! orig9 ( ^! folds4 ,! folds occur 9 a relatively n>r[ belt along ! nor!a/]n "p ( ! ,p>adox bas91 ! deepe/ "p1 :i* 0 brok5 by a s]ies ( nor?we/]ly tr5d+ normal faults 7fig4 #f7 t cut ! deep-ly+ ,precambrian & old] ,paleozoic rocks 7fig4 #h7 prior to ! deposition ( ! salt-be>+ ,p>adox ,memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation4 ,movem5t along ^! faults cont9u$ int]mitt5tly dur+ & aft] deposition ( ! ,p>adox1 h[ev]1 & result$ 9 ! =mation ( a s]ies ( nor?we/]ly tr5d+ ridges & tr\ghs4 ,foll[+ ,p>adox "t1 normal s$im5ts d]iv$ f a ris+ l&mass to ! nor!a/ began to fill ! bas94 ,^! s$im5ts accumulat$ mo/ rapidly & to great] ?icknesses 9 ! fault-d]iv$ tr\ghs4 ,salt diff]s f normal s$im5ts 9 two prop]ties critical to ! developm5t ( salt anticl9es3 fir/1 salt is consid]ably light] 7fig4 #aj71 &1 second1 salt "u pressure w fl[ sl[ly by pla/ic de=mation1 mu* l ice 9 a glaci] fl[s sl[ly d[n/ream4 ,?us1 salt 9 ! tr\ghs und]ly+ ! ?ick] & heavi] masses ( s$im5ts 0 squeez$ into ! adjo9+ ridges1 caus+ !m to rise4 ,once />t$1 ?is process t5d$ to be self-p]petuat+1 z ! fl[ ( salt f b5ea? ! ?ick masses ( s$im5ts 9 ! tr\ghs made room = ! accumulation ( /ill great] ?icknesses ( normal s$im5ts4 ,consequ5tly1 ! tr\ghs receiv+ mo/ ( ! s$im5ts began to =m d[nfolds1 or syncl9es1 & ! ridges receiv+ little or no normal s$im5ts began to =m huge salt rolls t lat] 7 to become ! cores ( ! salt anticl9es :5 f9ally ! ridges too 7 buri$ by s$im5ts4 ,?us1 ! cross section 7fig4 #h7 %[s ab\t #ab1jjj feet ( ! ,p>adox ,memb] b5ea? ! cre/ ( ! ,salt ,valley anticl9e & only ab\t #b1jjj feet b5ea? ! ,c\r?\se syncl9e4 ,ne> ! middle ( ^! /ructures f>!r to ! s\!a/1 all ! ,p>adox ,memb] has be5 squeez$ out f b5ea? ! bord]+ syncl9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gravity ,,anomalies ,,ov] ,,salt ,,valley1 along l9e ,b-,b %[n 9 figure #i1 & relative d5sities & %apes ( rock bodies b5ea?4 ,d5sities are 9 grams p] cubic c5timet]4 ,gravity values are 9 milligals1 z %[n4 ,! /&>d accel]ation ( gravity is #ihj4ffe c5timet]s p] second p] second2 #a gal is equal to #a c5timet] p] second p] second1 & #a milligal is "o ?\s&? ( a gal4 ,modifi$ f ,case & ,joe/+ 7#aigb1 fig4 #b74 7,fig4 #aj7 ,! g5]al %ape ( ! ,salt ,valley anticl9e is %[n also by cross-section ,b-,b 7fig4 #aj71 tak5 along ! nor!a/-s\?we/ l9e ,b-,b 9 figure #i1 :i* is bas$ ^u s-call$ gravity anomalies ov] ,salt ,valley4 ,! light] ,p>adox ,memb]1 hav+ an av]age d5sity ( #b4bj1 has a l[] gravitational attraction ?an ! heavi] rocks on ea* side1 :i* h an av]age d5sity ( #b4ee4 ,by ?is "t y are d\btless wond]+ :y prom95t upfolds ( ! rocks1 su* z ! ,salt ,valley anticl9e & associat$ ,ca*e ,valley anticl9e & ! ,sev5 ,mile-,moab ,valley anticl9e1 n[ und]lie relatively deep valleys bord]$ by prom95t ridges4 ,! =mation ( ^! valleys 0 n simple & involv$ _m /eps ext5d+ ov] a consid]able am\nt ( geologic "t1 z portray$ by ,cat] 7#aigj1 fig4 #ac2 #aigb1 fig4 #d74 ,= a "p ( ! /ory1 let u reexam9e ! cross section 7fig4 #h72 ! re/ ( ! /ory w be told 9 ! section on 8,uplift & ,erosion40 ,figure #h %[s t ! unnam$ upp] memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation & ! ov]ly+ ,cutl] & ,mo5kopi ,=mations are ?icke/ b5ea? ! ,c\r?\se syncl9e b w$ge out aga9/ ! flanks ( ! anticl9e4 ,al?\gh ! ,*9le ,=mation & y\ng] rocks appe> to ext5d across ! fold1 & may h ext5d$ across ?is "p ( ! fold1 9 ,colorado all rocks old] ?an ! ,jurassic ,morrison w$ge out aga9/ ! flanks ( ! salt anticl9es 7,cat]1 #aigj1 p4 #ce7 & also 9 ! wide/ "p ( ! ,salt ,valley anticl9e s\?we/ ( ! section 9 figure #h4 ,! salt anticl9es 7 uplift$ 9 a s]ies ( pulses s t "s =mations ei!r 7 n deposit$ ov] ! ris+ /ructures or 7 remov$ by erosion be=e deposition ( ! next y\ng] unit4 ,by ,morrison "t ! supply ( salt b5ea? ! syncl9es seems to h become us$ up2 h5ce1 ! anticl9e /opp$ ris+1 & ! ,morrison & y\ng] =mations 7 deposit$ across ! /ructures4 ,?us1 9 figure #d1 ! m9imum ?ickness ( all units old] ?an ! ,morrison is giv5 z z]o4 ,figure #d %[s ! m>9e ,mancos ,%ale to be ! y\nge/ rock unit expos$ 9 ! p>k1 b ! ,mesav]de ,gr\p ( ,late ,cretace\s age & possibly ! e>ly ,t]ti>y 7fig4 #ei7 ,wasat* ,=mation may h be5 deposit$ & lat] remov$ by erosion4 ,uplift ,& ,erosion ( ,! ,plateau ,next among ! ma9 ev5ts lead+ to ! =mation ( l&=ms 9 ! p>k 0 ! rais+ & additional buckl+ & break+ ( ! ,plateau by ,e>? =ces p>tly dur+ ! ,late ,cretace\s b ma9ly dur+ ! e>ly ,t]ti>y4 ,aft] uplift & de=mation1 ! ,plateau 0 vigor\sly attack$ by v>i\s =ces ( erosion1 & ! rock mat]ials pri$ loose or dissolv$ 7 ev5tually c>t$ away to ! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia by ! ance/ral ,colorado ,riv]4 ,"s idea ( ! enorm\s volume ( rock ?us remov$ is app>5t :5 "o looks d[n "s #b1jjj feet to ! riv] f any ( ! high ov]looks f>!r s\?1 su* z ,dead ,horse ,po9t 7,lohman1 #aigd1 fig4 #ae74 ,n s app>5t1 h[ev]1 is ! fact t y\ng] ,mesozoic & ,t]ti>y rocks m ?an #a mile ?ick once ov]laid ?is high plateau b h be5 swept away by erosion4 ,9 all1 ! riv] has c>ri$ ?\s&s ( cubic miles ( s$im5t to ! sea & is /ill actively at "w on ?is gigantic e>?-mov+ project4 ,9 an e>li] report 7,lohman1 #aife1 p4 #db7 ,i e/imat$ t ! rate ( removal may h be5 z great z ab\t #c cubic miles ea* c5tury4 ,= a few ye>s ! bulk ( ! s$im5t 0 dump$ into ,lake ,mead1 b n[ ,lake ,p[ell is gett+ mu* ( x4 ,:5 ^! & o!r res]voirs ultimately become fill$ ) s$im5t--= res]voirs & lakes are b tempor>y ?+s--! ,gulf ( ,cali=nia w aga9 become ! burial gr\nd4 ,accord+ to ,cat] 7#aigj1 p4 #fe-fg71 :o made an int5sive /udy ( ! salt anticl9es1 collapse ( _! cre/s seem+ly occurr$ 9 two /ages--! fir/ /age foll[+ ,late ,cretace\s fold+2 ! second foll[+ uplift ( ! ,plateau lat] 9 ! ,t]ti>y4 ,solution & removal ( salt by gr\nd wat] play$ ! lead+ role 9 ! ultimate collapse4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tilt$ ,,block ,,( ,,rocks ,,9 ,,ca*e ,,valley ,,grab51 view$ to ! ea/ t[>d ,ca*e ,valley f po9t on gravell$ side road to ,wolfe's cab91 ab\t half a mile ea/ ( pav$ road4 ,/eep slope on left compos$ ( ,jurassic ,morrison ,=mation1 hogback on top =m$ by ,dakota ,s&/one ( ,late ,cretace\s age1 & g5tle slopes to "r compos$ ( ! ,mancos ,%ale ( ,late ,cretace\s age4 7,fig4 #aa7 ,z %[n by ,dane 7#aice1 pl4 #a1 p4 #aba-abf71 collapse ( ! ,salt ,valley & ,ca*e ,valley anticl9es 0 accompani$ by consid]able fault+ & jo9t+1 p>ticul>ly along _! nor!a/ sides2 by ! upw>d intrusion ( two l>ge areas ( ! ,p>adox ,memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation1 "o j nor?we/ ( ! p>k & "o 9 ! middle ( ,salt ,valley s\? ( ! campgr\nd2 & by two d[ndropp$ masses ( rock kn[n to geologi/s z grab5s 7pron\nc$ grbns7--"o j nor?we/ ( ! p>k & "o call$ ! ,ca*e ,valley grab51 :i* ext5ds bo? ea/ & we/ f ,salt ,wa%4 ,! ,ca*e ,valley grab5 has pres]v$ f erosion ! y\nge/ rock =mations 9 ! p>k1 z %[n 9 figure #aa4 ,! rem>kable jo9t+ ( ! rocks on ! nor!a/ limb ( ! ,salt ,valley anticl9e is %[n 9 figure #ab4 ,all ! ar*es 9 ?is section ( ! p>k 7 erod$ ?r\gh ?9 f9s ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] ( ! ,entrada ,s&/one1 & "s1 l ,brok5 ,ar*1 figure #af1 are capp$ by ! ,moab ,memb]4 ,diff]5ces 9 ! composition1 h>dness1 arrangem5t1 & ?ickness ( ! rock lay]s det]m9e _! ability to )/& ! =ces ( fractur+ & erosion &1 h5ce1 :e!r !y t5d to =m cliffs1 l$ges1 f9s1 or slopes4 ,mo/ ( ! cliff- or l$ge-=m+ rocks are s&/ones consi/+ ( s& deposit$ by w9d or wat] & lat] cem5t$ toge!r by silica 7,si,o71 calcium c>bonate 7,ca,c,o71 or "o ( ! iron oxides 7su* z ,fe,o71 b "s h>d1 resi/ant l$ges are made ( lime/one 7calcium c>bonate74 ,! rock column 7fig4 #d7 %[s 9 g5]al h[ ^! rock =mations are sculptur$ by erosion & h[ !y protect und]ly+ lay]s f m rapid erosion4 ,! ne>ly v]tical cliffs along ! l[] rea*es ( ,salt & ,c\r?\se ,wa%es & ! ,colorado ,riv] canyon up/ream f ,moab consi/ ( ! well-cem5t$ ,w+ate ,s&/one protect$ above by ! ev5 h>d] s&/ones ( ! ,kay5ta ,=mation4 7,see figs4 #ba1 #bb47 ,to borr[ f an e>li] report ( m9e 7,lohman1 #aife1 p4 #ag71 8,v]tical cliffs & %afts ( ! ,w+ate ,s&/one endure only :]e ! top ( ! =mation is capp$ by b$s ( ! next y\ng] rock unit--! ,kay5ta ,=mation4 ,! ,kay5ta is mu* m resi/ant ?an ! ,w+ate1 s ev5 a few feet ( ! ,kay5ta 99 99 99 protect ! rock b5ea?40 ,9 "s places1 z %[n 9 figures #ai & #bj1 ! ov]ly+ ,navajo ,s&/one makes up ! topmo/ unit ( ! cliff4 ,illu/ration3 ,,jo9t$ ,,nor!a/ ,,flank ,,( ,,salt ,,valley ,,anticl9e1 view$ we/w>d f an airplane4 ,light-color$ w$ge 9 middle backgr\nd is ,salt ,valley bord]$ on extreme left by ,klondike ,bluffs4 ,d>k-color$ f9s & p9nacles on left1 ( ,slick ,rock ,memb] ( ! ,entrada ,s&/one1 =m ,devils ,g>d54 ,%>p p9nacle above valley is ! ,d>k ,angel4 7,see fig4 #eg47 ,:ite b&s ( s&/one ext5d+ to =egr\nd are compos$ ( ,moab ,memb] ( ! ,entrada4 ,note vegetation 9 ! jo9ts4 ,photograph by ,national ,p>k ,s]vice4 7,fig4 #ab7 ,la/ b f> f lea/ among ! factors responsible = ! gr&eur ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k & ! ,plateau 9 g5]al is ! des]t climate1 :i* all[s "o to see virtually e foot ( ! vividly color$ nak$ rocks1 & :i* has made possible ! creation & pres]vation ( su* a wide v>iety ( fanta/ic sculptures4 ,a wett] climate w\ld h produc$ a f> diff]5t1 smoo!r l&scape 9 :i* mo/ ( ! rocks & l& =ms w\ld h be5 hidd5 by vegetation4 ,on ! ,plateau ! vegetation gr[s ma9ly on ! high mesas & ! n>r[ flood pla9s bord]+ ! riv]s1 b scanty vegetation also occurs on ! g5tle slopes or flats4 ,! comb9ation ( lay]s ( s$im5ts ( diff]5t composition1 h>dness & ?ickness1 ! b5d+ & break+ ( ! rocks1 & ! des]t climate1 has produc$ /eep slopes hav+ _m cliffs1 l$ges1 & f9s ) g5]ally %>p to angul> edges1 r ?an ! subdu$ r\nd$ =ms ( m humid regions4 ,orig9 ,& ,developm5t ( ,! ,ar*es ,among ! que/ions commonly ask$ by visitors are1 8,h[ d ar*es =m801 8,:y are "s op5+s call$ w9d[s1 o!rs ar*es801 8,:at is ! diff]5ce1 if any1 betwe5 ar*es or w9d[s & natural bridges1 su* z ^? at ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t801 & 8,h[ _m ar*es are !re 9 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k80 ,be=e tak+ up ! orig9 & developm5t ( ar*es1 ,i %all attempt to expla9 ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ?ree types ( natural rock op5+s nam$ above & comm5t ^u ! numb] ( ar*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,index ,,map1 %[+ localities :]e mo/ ( ! photographs 7 tak54 ,arr[s po9t to di/ant views4 ,numb]s ref] to figure numb]s4 7,fig4 #ac7 ,i believe mo/ geologi/s & geograph]s are 9 g5]al agreem5t ) ,clel& 7#aiaj1 p4 #cad7 t 8a #8natural bridge' is a natural /one ar* t spans a valley ( erosion4 ,a #8natural ar*' is a simil> /ructure :i*1 h[ev]1 does n span an erosion valley40 ,accord+ to ?is def9ition1 ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t includes ?ree true bridges1 :]eas all ! l>g] rock op5+s 9 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k ) :i* ,i am famili> are prop]ly t]m$ 8ar*es10 b "s are call$ w9d[s4 ,if we 7 to di/+ui% betwe5 ar*es & w9d[s1 we might say t ar*es occur at or ne> ! base ( a rock wall1 z d ! doors ( a h\se or build+1 :]eas w9d[s are f\nd well above gr\nd level4 ,?is di/9ction 0 n foll[$ 9 nam+ ! rock op5+s 9 ! p>k1 h[ev]2 = example1 ,tunnel ,ar* 7fig4 #ad7 is consid]ably high] above ! gr\nd ?an ,nor? ,w9d[ 7figs4 #cg1 #ch7 or ,s\? ,w9d[ 7fig4 #ci74 ,z to ! numb] ( ar*es 9 ! p>k1 ,i might beg9 by say+ t !re is no univ]sal agreem5t z to h[ l>ge a rock op5+ mu/ be to qualify z an ar*4 ,! pamphlet =m]ly h&$ to visitors ent]+ ! p>k proclaim$ t 8,ne>ly #ij ar*es h be5 discov]$1 & o!rs are probably hidd5 away 9 remote & rugg$ p>ts ( ! area10 b ! av]age visitor probably sees less ?an a ?ird ( ?is numb]4 ,david ,may1 ,assi/ant ,*ief ( ,int]pretation & ,res\rce ,managem5t1 ,moab (fice ( ,national ,p>k ,s]vice 7oral commun41 ,oct4 #aigc71 believes t if only ^? 9 ! p>k hav+ a m9imum dim5sion ( #aj feet 9 any "o direction 7 consid]$ to be ar*es1 ! numb] w\ld boil d[n to ab\t #ef or #eg4 ,! mo/ complete c\nt ( ar*es & o!r op5+s 9 all ( s\!a/]n ,utah 0 made by ,dale ,j4 ,/ev5s1 ,pr(essor ( ,geography at ,brigham ,"y ,univ]sity1 dur+ ! p]iod ,febru>y ?r\gh ,april #aigc4 ,he consid]$ ^? ) op5+s ( #c feet or l>g] & f\nd m ?an #cjj 9 s\!a/]n ,utah1 ( :i* #abd are 9 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k1 al?\gh he /at$ t sev]al areas ( ! p>k 7 n int5sively se>*$ because ( "t limitations 7writt5 commun41 ,july & ,sept4 #aigc74 ,! #abd ar*es & op5+s are di/ribut$ among ! sev]al nam$ areas ( ! p>k1 z foll[s3 ,c\r?\se ,t[]s1 #ac2 ,h]d9a ,p>k1 #aa2 ,! ,w9d[s section1 #be2 ,delicate ,ar* area1 #c2 ,fi]y ,furnace1 #ai2 ,devils ,g>d51 #be2 upp] ,devils ,g>d5 7nor?we/ ( ,devils ,g>d571 #ad2 ,eagle ,p>k1 #b2 & ,klondike ,bluffs1 #ab4 ,pr(essor ,/ev5s g5]ally us$ a range f9d] or a /eel tape to measure ! wid? & height ( ! op5+s & ! wid? & ?ickness ( ! spans1 b e/imat$ a few ( ! dim5sions4 ,9 ! text descriptions ( ar*es or captions ( figures t foll[1 ,i am includ+ all or "p ( ^! measurem5ts1 )\t fur!r ackn[l$gm5t4 ,all ! ar*es 9 ! p>k 7 =m$ 9 ! ,entrada ,s&/one1 ma9ly 9 ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] b p>tly 9 ! ,slick ,rock & ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]s1 & a few 9 ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] occur n f> b5ea? ! base ( ! ov]ly+ ,moab ,memb]4 ,! s&/one ( ! ?ree memb]s is compos$ ma9ly ( qu>tz s& cem5t$ toge!r by calcium c>bonate 7,ca,c,o71 :i* also =ms ! m9]al calcite & ! rock kn[n z lime/one1 b ! ,dewey ,bridge ,memb] also conta9s b$s ( s&y mud/one4 ,lime/one & calcite are soluble 9 acid1 ev5 9 weak acid su* z c>bonic acid1 ,,hhco1 also writt5 ,h,,co1 =m$ by ! solution ( c>bon dioxide 7,,co7 9 wat]4 ,gr\nd wat]1 f\nd ev]y:]e 9 rock op5+s at diff]5t dep?s b5ea? ! l& surface1 conta9s dissolv$ c>bon dioxide d]iv$ f decay+ organic matt] 9 soil1 f ! atmosph]e1 & f o!r s\rces4 ,ev5 ra9wat] & sn[ conta9 a little c>bon dioxide absorb$ f ! atmosph]e--en\gh to dissolve small am\nts ( lime/one or ( calcite cem5t f s&/one4 ,! calcite cem5t 9 ! ,entrada & 9 _m o!r s&/ones is unev5ly di/ribut$1 h[ev]1 s t all ! cem5t is remov$ fir/ f places t conta9 ! lea/ am\nts1 &1 once ! cem5t is dissolv$ away1 ! loose s& is c>ri$ away by gravity1 w9d1 or wat]4 ,bo? ne>ly flat b slightly irregul> b$s ( s&/one & relatively ?9 walls or f9s ( s&/one are prime t>gets = ?is diff]5tial erosion4 ,po?oles1 z %[n 9 figure #ah;,a1 may be =m$ 9 relatively flat b$s by ! dissolv+ action ( repeat$ accumulations ( ra9wat] or sn[melt1 ev5 9 arid regions l ! ,plateau4 ,relatively ?9 walls1 or f9s z !y are call$ 9 p>ts ( ! ,plateau includ+ ,ar*es1 are t>gets = ! =mation ( alcoves & caves by solution ( cem5t & removal ( s& by gravity1 w9d1 & wat]1 aid$ by ! pry+ action ( fro/ 9 jo9ts1 b$d+ planes1 or o!r op5+s4 ,once a break?r\gh ( a wall or f9 occurs1 weak5$ *unks f ! ceil+ t5d to fall1 & natural ar*es ( v>i\s %apes & sizes are produc$4 ,ar*es =m ! /ronge/ %apes = support+ ov]ly+ rock loads1 z ! rock 9 ! ar* is compress$ t[>d ea* abutm5t by ! heavy loads4 ,blocks ( compress$ rock b5ea? a relatively flat ceil+ t5d to be dislodg$ also by expansion due to release ( p5t-up pressure1 until a /rong self-support+ ar* is =m$4 ,release ( p5t-up pressure 9 rock walls may help also 9 initiat+ ! =mation ( alcoves or caves 9 cliff faces4 ,man1 includ+ ! anci5t ,greeks1 ,romans1 ,egyptians1 & o!rs1 has long made use ( ar*es 9 build+ bridges1 aqu$ucts1 temples1 ca!drals1 & o!r endur+ edifices4 ,z vividly %[n 9 figure #ab1 ! ,entrada ,s&/one on ! nor!a/ flank ( ! ,salt ,valley anticl9e has be5 brok5 by ,e>? =ces into ?9 slabs mo/ly #aj to #bj feet ?ick betwe5 ne>ly p>allel jo9ts1 b1 z w be not$ 9 ! descriptions ( individual ar*es1 "s rock walls are only #a or #b feet ?ick1 :]eas o!rs are #ej feet ?ick or m4 ,"s weak or ?9 slabs h wea!r$ away1 leav+ ! /rong] or ?ick] ones z t[]+ f9s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,fi]y ,furnace & ,devils ,g>d5 areas4 ,jo9t+ on a less spectacul> scale also has brok5 ! ,entrada 9 areas s\? ( ,salt ,valley1 leav+ walls or f9s ( rock4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tunnel ,,ar*1 rea*$ by %ort trail nor? ( ma9 trail ?r\gh ,devils ,g>d54 ,op5+ is #bf feet wide & #bb feet high2 span is ab\t #ad feet ?ick4 7,fig4 #ad7 ,al?\gh all ! ar*es 9 ! p>k 7 c>v$ f ! ,entrada ,s&/one1 slight diff]5ces 9 _! mode ( orig9 or placem5t )9 ! ,entrada all[ !m to be gr\p$ into ?ree classes3 7#a7 v]tical ar*es =m$ 9 ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] alone or 9 ! ,slick ,rock & ,moab ,memb]s1 7#b7 v]tical ar*es =m$ ma9ly 9 ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] b p>tly 91 & ) ! aid (1 ! incompet5t und]ly+ ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]1 & 7#c7 horizontal ar*es1 or s-call$ po?ole ar*es1 =m$ f ! union ( a v]tical po?ole & a horizontal cave4 ,h]e9aft]1 ! ?ree memb]s w be ref]r$ to alone1 )\t ref]5ce to ! ,entrada4 ,illu/ration3 8,,baby ,,ar*10 j s\?we/ ( ,%eep ,rock 9 ,c\r?\se ,t[]s area4 ,= details1 see text4 7,fig4 #ae7 ,be=e giv+ examples ( ar*es 9 ea* ( ! ?ree classes1 x is appropriate to rem>k t ! ar*es & o!r erosion =ms 9 ! p>k repres5t b a fleet+ in/ant 9 geologic "t4 ,_m ( ! p9nacles or piles ( rock may be ! brok5 rema9s ( =m] ar*es1 & _m ( ! ar*es we see may be gone tomorr[1 next ye>1 or a few hundr$s ( ye>s &1 c]ta9ly1 be=e _m ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m new ar*es w =m by ! processes describ$ above z ! geologic clock ticks on4 ,illu/ration3 ,,brok5 ,,ar*1 rea*$ by a -mile trail lead+ nor?w>d across field t sep>ates ,fi]y ,furnace f ,devils ,g>d54 ,:ite ?9-b$d$ unit at top is ! ,moab ,memb]1 :i* re/s ^u ! massive salmon-color$ ,slick ,rock ,memb]4 ,op5+ is #ei feet wide & #dc feet high4 7,fig4 #af7 ,examples ( ,ar*es ,tunnel ,ar* 7fig4 #ad7 is a good example ( an ar* erod$ entirely )9 ! massive ,slick ,rock ,memb]4 ,j s\?we/ ( ,%eep ,rock 7fig4 #ca7 is an unnam$ op5+ 9 ! l[] "p ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] :i* ,i call 8,baby ,ar*10 because x is "o ( ! newe/ ones visible f ! p>k road 7fig4 #ae74 ,x is only #be feet wide & #ad feet high & p5etrates a wall #ad feet ?ick4 ,note t ! break?r\gh probably began along ! prom95t recess$ b$d+ plane at ! base ( ! ar*4 ,its y\?fulness is also indicat$ by ! %>p1 angul> breaks 9 ! ceil+ & by ! pile ( fre%ly fall5 rocks4 ,"s visitors h ask$ p>k p]sonnel :y !y h n cle>$ away su* debris6 ,despite its y\?fulness1 ! ceil+ has already tak5 on ! %ape ( an ar*4 ,brok5 ,ar* 7fig4 #af7 0 =m$ ne> ! top ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] & is /r5g!n$ & protect$ by ! m resi/ant ov]ly+ ,moab ,memb]1 :i* =ms ! upp] half ( ! span4 ,! cre/ is only #f feet ?ick at ! ?9ne/ po9t & is n brok5 z ! "n seems to imply4 ,d\ble ,ar* 7fig4 #ag71 8"o0 ( ! mo/ beautiful 9 ! p>k1 is 9 ,! ,w9d[s section ne> ! ea/ end ( ! road4 ,! s\!a/ ar*1 :i* is #afj feet wide & #aje feet high1 is ! second l>ge/ 9 ! p>k1 b ! we/ ar* measures only #fj feet wide & #fa feet high4 ,9 common ) mo/ ar*es 9 ,! ,w9d[s section1 ^! two ar*es ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] re/ ^u bases ( ! weak1 easily erod$ ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]4 ,m rapid erosion ( ! ,dewey ,bridge und]cut ! ar*es & ha/5$ _! developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,,ar*1 9 ,! ,w9d[s section4 7,fig4 #ag7 ,illu/ration3 ,,probable ,,/eps ,,9 ,,=mation ,,( ,,po?ole ,,ar*4 ,a1 ,orig9al po?ole probably =m$ 9 relatively level b$ ( s&/one1 su* z ?is "o1 :i* is 9 an old] rock unit--! ,:ite ,rim ,s&/one ,memb] ( ! ,cutl] ,=mation1 a unit n pres5t 9 ,ar*es4 ,?is po?ole1 :i* conta9s #d feet ( wat]1 is 9 ne>by ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k 7,lohman1 #aigd1 fig4 #ag71 j nor? ( ! edge ( ! ,:ite ,rim1 ab\t #d miles nor? ( ! conflu5ce ( ! ,gre5 & ,colorado ,riv]s4 ,photograph by ,e4 ,n4 ,h9ri*s4 ,b1 ,po?ole is be+ deep5$ by solution :ile cliff is rec$+ t[>d po?ole by wea!r+4 ,c1 ,z erosion cont9ues1 po?ole & cave 9 cliff face are gr[+ deep]4 ,d1 ,po?ole ,ar* =m$ by union ( v]tical po?ole & horizontal cave4 ,e1 ,telephoto view ( ,po?ole ,ar* f p>k road ne> /op #ad4 ,visible span is #ij feet across & #cj feet high4 7,fig4 #ah7 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah ,b ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah ,c ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah ,d ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah ,e ,! cause ( ! wavy b$d+ 9 ! ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]1 z %[n 9 figure #ag b z bett] %[n 9 ! frontispiece1 is n kn[n = sure b g5]ally is reg>d$ to be ! result ( irregul> slump+ dur+ or j aft] deposition ( ! s$im5ts 9 a body ( wat]1 caus$ by ! weight ( ov]ly+ s$im5ts4 ,! la/ example ,i %all take up is ,po?ole ,ar* 7fig4 #ah71 :i* diff]s f all ! o!r examples 9 t ?is ar* is r\ghly horizontal r ?an v]tical4 ,mo/ p>k visitors1 includ+ me1 7 n aw>e ( ?is int]e/+ feature until aft] publication ( ! pamphlet 8,! ,guide to an ,auto ,t\r ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k10 :i*1 z previ\sly not$1 may be pur*as$ at ! ,visitor ,c5t]4 ,po?ole ,ar* caps a ridge high above ! road half a mile nor?we/ ( ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 s only ^? :o happ5$ to look up at ! "r place 7 aw>e ( its exi/5ce4 ,a diff]5t mode ( orig9 ?an t giv5 9 ! caption = figure #ah is depict$ on a po/] 9 ! ,visitor ,c5t]1 :i* %[s ! po?ole be+ =m$ by a wat]fall hav+ an app>5t fl[ rate ( sev]al cubic feet p] second4 ,po?oles c be =m$ 9 ?is mann] 9 places :]e suffici5t /reamfl[ is available1 ei!r cont9u\sly or foll[+ ra9/orms1 b ,i believe ! process depict$ 9 figure #ah is a m likely mode ( orig9 = ,po?ole ,ar*4 ,h[ to ,see ! ,p>k ,z aptly /at$ on a po/] 9 ! ,visitor ,c5t]1 h[ to see ! p>k dep5ds 9 "p ^u ! "q 8,h[ long c y /ay80 ,inasmu* z ! p>k entrance & ,visitor ,c5t] are beside a ?r\gh ,u4,s4 ,highway 7#afc71 _m motori/s fir/ become aw>e ( ! p>k's exi/5ce f ! entrance sign1 & "s take "t = at lea/ a quick visit1 su* z a r\nd trip to ,! ,w9d[s section1 :i* c be made 9 an h\r or s4 ,= ^? :o h or take m "t & are able to walk at lea/ %ort di/ances1 a visit ( #a or #b days is a v rew>d+ exp]i5ce4 ,o!rs1 p>ticul>ly avid %utt]bugs & ^? ) camp+ ge>1 pr(itably sp5d f sev]al days to a week or m & hike all or mo/ ( ! trails4 ,reg>dless ( h[ long y plan to sp5d1 ,i urge at lea/ a brief /op at ! ,visitor ,c5t]1 :]e excell5t displays & a n>rat$ slide %[ help mat]ially 9 convey+ j :at ! p>k has to (f]4 ,at ! c\nt] y c pur*ase a copy ( 8,! ,guide to an ,auto ,t\r ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k10 :i* expla9s ! views f ea* ( #be numb]$ /ops along ! p>k road1 z well z o!r reports describ+ ar*es or o!r p>ks & monum5ts4 ,! p>k is op5 ! ye> r\nd1 b1 l mo/ high des]ts1 x gets r hot 9 ! summ] & cold en\gh 9 ! w9t] = occasional sn[s & is sometimes clos$ tempor>ily because ( heavy sn[fall4 ,! wea!r g5]ally is ideal dur+ ! spr+ & fall4 ,ev5 ?\gh summ] daytime temp]atures may exce$ #ajj;,f 7#cg4h;,c7 & sl[ d[n hik]s1 ! nights are cool en\gh = com=table sleep+ b5ea? ample cov]s4 ,be=e beg9n+ our trip ?r\gh ! p>k prop]1 let u consid] a beautiful "p _m p fail to realize actually belongs to ! p>k--! ,colorado ,riv] canyon =m+ ! s\!a/]n b\nd>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,petroglyph figure ,a ,trip ,?r\gh ,! ,p>k ,colorado ,riv] ,canyon ,! s\!a/]n b\nd>y ( ! p>k = ab\t #aa miles is ! ,colorado ,riv]1 f ! bridge on :i* ,u4,s4 ,highway #afc crosses ! riv] to a po9t up/ream ab\t half a mile bel[ ! m\? ( ,salt ,wa%4 ,illum9at$ night float trips d[n "p ( ?is rea* are run dur+ ! summ]1 z not$ on p4 #af4 ,p>tly pav$ ,/ate ,highway #abh foll[s ! s\!a/ side ( ! riv] = ab\t #cj miles to ,dewey ,bridge1 !n goes nor?w>d ab\t #ae miles to ,cisco1 :]e x connects ) ,highway ,i-#gj4 ,! rocks ( ! ,gl5 ,canyon ,gr\p =m ! s\!rnmo/ corn] ( ! p>k1 z %[n 9 figure #ai4 ,ab\t #b miles nor!a/ ( ! bridge1 we cross ! axis ( ! ,c\r?\se syncl9e 7fig4 #i71 :i* br+s ! ,navajo ,s&/one d[n ne>ly to riv] level1 z %[n 9 figure #bj4 ,! und]ly+ ,kay5ta ,=mation is l>gely hidd5 by vegetation & alluvial deposits 9 ?is view4 ,illu/ration3 ,,gl5 ,,canyon ,,gr\p1 =m+ s\!rnmo/ po9t ( p>k1 z view$ across ! ,colorado ,riv] f ,/ate ,highway #abh half a mile above ,moab bridge c>ry+ ,u4,s4 ,highway #afc4 ,massive s&/one =m+ ab\t ! l[] ?ird ( cliff is ! ,w+ate ,s&/one1 d>k] ?9-b$d$ s&/ones & mud/ones =m+ middle section ( cliff comprise ! ,kay5ta ,=mation1 upp] cliff is ! l[] "p ( ! ,navajo ,s&/one4 ,note t ! saltc$> 7tam>isk71 :i* l9es bo? banks ( ! riv]1 is 9 full bloom4 7,fig4 #ai7 ,illu/ration3 ,,navajo ,,s&/one ,,cliffs1 bord]+ we/ bank ( ,colorado ,riv] 9 ,c\r?\se syncl9e1 f ,/ate ,highway #abh ab\t #b miles above ! ,moab bridge4 ,note r\nd$ domes at top ( cliff4 7,fig4 #bj7 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\? ,,( ,,salt ,,wa%1 view$ across ,colorado ,riv] f po9t on ,/ate ,highway #abh1 #aa miles above ,moab bridge4 ,d>k cliffs on upp] "r & left are ( ,w+ate ,s&/one capp$ by ?9 protective cov] ( resi/ant s&/one b$s ( ! ,kay5ta ,=mation4 ,9 backgr\nd ,w+ate is ov]la9 by entire ,kay5ta ,=mation & l[] "p ( ! ,navajo ,s&/one4 ,w+ate is und]la9 to riv] level by wea!r$ slope ( ! ,*9le ,=mation4 ,wat] 9 ,salt ,wa% is l>gely backwat] f ! bankfull riv]2 actual fl[ 9 wa% g5]ally is mu* less b at times rea*es flood proportions4 7,fig4 #ba7 ,ab\t #aa miles above ! ,moab bridge is ! m\? ( ,salt ,wa% 7fig4 #a71 z view$ f ,/ate ,highway #abh4 7,see fig4 #ba47 ,sev5te5 miles above ! bridge 7ea/ ( area %[n 9 fig4 #a71 we get an excell5t view ( ! s\!a/ end ( ! highly fault$ ,ca*e ,valley anticl9e1 z %[n 9 figure #bb4 ,! backgr\nd %[n 9 ! photograph =m]ly 0 ! ea/]nmo/ "p ( ! =m] monum5t1 b :5 ! monum5t graduat$ to a p>k on ,novemb] #af1 #aiga1 ?is "p ( ,ca*e ,valley along ) mo/ ( ,dry ,mesa 0 )drawn f ! p>k & put "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,bureau ( ,l& ,managem5t1 also a "p ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\!a/ ,,end ,,( ,,fault$ ,,ca*e ,,valley ,,anticl9e1 view$ nor?we/w>d across ,colorado ,riv] f a po9t on ,/ate ,highway #abh1 #ag miles above ,moab bridge4 ,high cliff ( ,w+ate ,s&/one on left is capp$ by ?9 protective lay] ( ! ,kay5ta ,=mation4 ,ab\t upp] ?ird ( slope bel[ base ( cliff is ! ,*9le ,=mation1 bel[ :i* is ! ,mo5kopi ,=mation ext5d+ to high-wat] level4 ,note b5t & brok5 b$s on "r4 7,fig4 #bb7 ,z not$ on page #af1 "p ( 8,run1 ,c\g>1 ,run0 0 film$ j up/ream f ! irrigat$ field 9 ! =egr\nd ( figure #bb1 9 a wide "p ( ! valley call$ ,pr(essor ,valley 7fig4 #g74 ,?is valley & ! ,ri*>dson ,amphi!at] on ! s\!a/ side ( ! riv] 7 nam$ aft] a ,pr(essor ,ri*>dson :o settl$ 9 ! area 9 ! #ahhj's4 ,! long ab&on$ t[nsite ( ,ri*>dson 0 #a miles due ea/ f ! po9t f :i* figure #bb 0 tak54 ,headqu>t]s ,area ,! junction ( ! p>k road ) ,u4,s4 ,highway #afc is %[n at ! l[] left ( figure #bc1 & ! entrance /ation1 ,visitor ,c5t]1 p>k+ lot1 & sev]al build+s are se5 at ! l[] "r4 ,sev]al resid5ces = p>k p]sonnel & o!r build+s are %[n 9 figure #be4 ,z %[n 9 ! l[] "p ( figure #bc1 ! geology at ! p>k entrance is r complex1 z ! p>k b\nd>y "h is p>tly along ! ,moab fault & p>tly along a bran* fault--bo? 9 ! ,sev5 ,mile-,moab ,valley anticl9e 7fig4 #g74 ,! ,moab fault ext5ds nor?we/w>d f ,moab = m ?an #cj miles 7,mc,knight1 #aidj1 p4 #abj1 #aba1 pl4 #a74 ,z %[n 9 figure #bc1 soon aft] leav+ ! *eck+ /ation ! p>k road beg9s to asc5d ! fir/ ( sev]al swit*backs1 & cuts fir/ into ! ,slick ,rock ,memb]1 !n ! ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]1 & f9ally ! ,navajo ,s&/one ! re/ ( ! way to & beyond ! top ( ! hill4 ,f po9ts a mile or s up ! hill may be se5 int]e/+ features 9 sev]al directions4#e ,! view to ! s\?we/ is %[n 9 figure #bc1 to ! we/ are ! ,?ree ,p5gu9s 7fig4 #bd74 ,a good view ( ! ,moab ,valley is _h by look+ s\!a/w>d 7fig4 #be74 ,a well 9 ! ,navajo ,s&/one at ! base ( ! hill supplies wat] to all ! resid5ces & to ! ,visitor ,c5t]1 :]e a dr9k+ f\nta9 & mod]n re/rooms are available to ! public4 ,/orage is provid$ by a /eel tank hidd5 9 a rav9e above ! build+s %[n 9 figure #be4 ,to ! nor? ! wall ( ,entrada ,s&/one is cut by a normal fault 7fig4 #f71 z %[n 9 figure #bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fault$ ,,sev5 ,,mile-,,moab ,,valley ,,anticl9e4 ,top1 ,view t[>d ! s\?we/ f p>k road ab\t #a mile above entrance /ation4 ,bottom1 ,geologic int]pretation ( photograph 9 "p aft] ,mc,knight 7#aidj1 pl4 #a74 ,moab fault & bran* fault 7bo? normal faults1 fig4 #f7 unite j beyond ridge ( ,slick ,rock ,memb]4 ,total v]tical displacem5t along bo? faults is ab\t #b1ejj feet4 ,h4,f41 unnam$ upp] memb] ( ,h]mosa ,=mation2 ,m4,f41 ,mo5kopi ,=mation2 ,d1 d[n?r[n side ( faults2 ,u1 up?r[n side4 ,valley fill & slope wa% ( rec5t 7,holoc5e7 age obscure faults & und]ly+ rocks4 ,! orig9al sequ5ce ( ! rocks may be visualiz$ by plac+ ! ,navajo ,s&/one1 ! upp] "p ( :i* is expos$ at ! l[] "r1 on top ( ! ,kay5ta ,=mation1 ! l[] few feet ( :i* cap & protect ! cliffs ( ,w+ate ,s&/one 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,! ,pacific ,nor?we/ 7gas7 ,pipel9e m5tion$ on page #ae is buri$ b5ea? ! slice ( ! ,mo5kopi ,=mation betwe5 ! two faults1 :i* acc\nts = ! di/urb$ appe>ance ( ! rock4 7,fig4 #bc7 ,illu/ration3 ,geologic int]pretation ( photograph ,illu/ration3 ,,?ree ,,p5gu9s1 view$ we/w>d f p>k road ab\t #a mile above entrance /ation4 ,p5gu9s are c>v$ 9 massive ,slick ,rock ,memb] se5 re/+ ^u ?9-b$d$ ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]4 7,fig4 #bd7 ,illu/ration3 ,,moab ,,valley1 view$ s\!a/w>d f p>k road ab\t #a mile above entrance /ation4 ,moab fault 9 ab\t middle ( valley1 hidd5 b5ea? rec5t 7,holoc5e7 valley fill & slope wa%1 sep>ates unnam$ upp] memb] ( ,h]mosa ,=mation j above ,u4,s4 ,highway #afc on "r f ,navajo ,s&/one =m+ hills on left & l$ges 9 =egr\nd4 ,p>k ,s]vice resid5ces at base ( hill4 ,:ite pat* bord]+ ,colorado ,riv] on nor?we/ is tail+s pile ( ,atlas ,corporation's uranium mill4 ,moab & ,spani% ,valley are beyond riv]1 & s\? end ( ,la ,sal ,m\nta9s =ms di/ant skyl9e4 7,fig4 #be7 ,illu/ration3 ,,fault$ ,,wall ,,( ,,entrada ,,s&/one1 nor? ( p>k road ab\t #a mile above entrance /ation4 ,fault is ne>ly v]tical & normal 7fig4 #f71 b fault trace slopes /eeply d[nw>d to "r1 sep>at+ up?r[n ,slick ,rock & ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]s on left f d[n?r[n ,slick ,rock ,memb] on "r4 ,light-color$ rock 9 =egr\nd is ,navajo ,s&/one4 ,displacem5t probably does n exce$ #ej feet4 7,fig4 #bf7 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>k ,,av5ue1 view$ to ! nor? along trail4 7,fig4 #bg7 ,c\r?\se ,t[]s ,area ,ab\t #b4c miles f ! entrance /ation is a turn(f & p>k+ area at ! s\? end ( ! ,p>k ,av5ue trail 7/op #b71 :i* is ab\t #a mile long & ends at ano!r p>k+ area #a4g miles f>!r nor?4 ,an int]e/+ hike is be/ made f s\? to nor? 9 a d[nhill direction1 & hik]s g5]ally meet ! c>s ( relatives or fri5ds await+ !m at ! nor!rn p>k+ area4 ,! trail beg9s 9 a canyon cut 9 ! s(t ,dewey ,bridge ,memb] & wall$ by high f9s ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] 7fig4 #bg71 b f>!r nor? ! canyon is floor$ by ! b>e ,navajo ,s&/one4 ,! av5ue 0 nam$ f ! resemblance ( ! ea/ wall to a r[ ( tall build+s4 ,atop ! we/ wall1 j to ! left ( ! view 9 figure #bg1 are two balanc$ rocks 7fig4 #bh74 ,! "o on ! left1 :i* resembles some:at ! head ( an ,egyptian que51 is (fset to ! "r along a b$d+ plane1 & ?is (fset may h be5 caus$ by an e>?quake4 ,z we progress t[>d ,c\r?\se ,t[]s prop]1 l(ty f9s & monoli?s lie mo/ly on our left1 & to ! "r are f9e di/ant views ( ! ,la ,sal ,m\nta9s 7/op #d74 ,a g5]al view ( ! ,c\r?\se ,t[]s is %[n 9 figure #bi1 & closeups ( two ( ! nam$ rock sculptures--! ,?ree ,gossips & ,%eep ,rock--are %[n 9 figures #cj & #ca4 ,j beyond ,%eep ,rock1 :i* "s ?9k resembles ! ,sph9x1 we see 8,baby ,ar*10 %[n 9 figure #ae4 ,five miles f ! entrance /ation1 ! road crosses ,c\r?\se ,wa% on a mod]n bridge 7/op #f7--;a di/9ct improvem5t ov] ! two tracks 9 ! s& we us$ 9 #aidf4 ,! ,c\r?\se syncl9e1 nam$ aft] ! wa%1 ext5ds nor?we/w>d ?r\gh "h4 7,see figs4 #h1 #i1 #bj47 ,ab\t a mile we/ ( ! bridge1 ,pr(essor ,/ev5s f\nd ano!r po?ole ar*4 ,a mile & a half nor? ( ! bridge is /op #g1 :]e att5tion is call$ 9 ! booklet to ! va/ area ( 8petrifi$ dunes0 ea/ ( ! road1 :i* are simply dunelike exposures ( ! crossb$d$ ,navajo ,s&/one =m$ orig9ally by ! cem5tation ( a va/ area ( s& dunes4 ,my view ( ^! 0 tak5 ab\t #a mile beyond ! /op 7fig4 #cb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,balanc$ ,,rocks ,,on ,,s\? ,,wall ,,( ,,p>k ,,av5ue1 at s\? end ( trail4 7,fig4 #bh7 ,illu/ration3 ,,c\r?\se ,,t[]s1 view$ to ! nor?we/ f po9t on p>k road ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile nor!a/ ( ! s\? end ( ,p>k ,av5ue trail4 ,s&/one t[]s are ,slick ,rock ,memb] re/+ on ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]1 :i* also =ms =egr\nd4 ,?ree ,gossips at upp] left1 ,%eep ,rock j beyond4 ,! ,organ & ,t[] ( ,babel are on "r4 7,fig4 #bi7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,?ree ,,gossips1 %[n at upp] left ( figure #bi4 7,fig4 #cj7 ,illu/ration3 ,,%eep ,,rock1 %[n on c5t]-left skyl9e 9 figure #bi4 7,fig4 #ca7 ,we/ ( ! road betwe5 ! petrifi$ dunes & ,! ,w9d[s section1 ! ,entrada ,s&/one1 p>ticul>ly ! ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]1 has be5 wea!r$ into grotesque spires & p9nacles resembl+ ! s-call$ 8hoodoos & gobl9s0 9 ,gobl9 ,valley ,/ate ,p>k1 j nor? ( ,hanksville1 ,utah4 ,typical examples ( 8hoodoos & gobl9s0 are %[n 9 figure #cc 7ne> /op #h74 ,x seems reasonable to assume t "s ( ^! spires are ! skeletal rema9s ( =m] ar* abutm5ts4 ,f "h may be se5 ,nor? & ,s\? ,w9d[s & ,turret ,ar* on ! skyl9e to ! nor!a/ 7figs4 #cg-dj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,petrifi$ ,,s& ,,dunes1 look+ nor!a/ f p>k road #b4g miles nor? ( ,c\r?\se ,wa%4 ,! ,navajo ,s&/one 0 once a huge s&pile ( dunes laid d[n by w9ds dur+ an arid int]val1 s x is int]e/+ to note t ! irregul>ly wea!r$ s&/one once aga9 resembles a pile ( crossb$d$ dunes4 ,see also figure #ce4 7,fig4 #cb7 ,illu/ration3 8,,hoodoos ,,& ,,gobl9s10 wea!r$ f ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]1 view$ nor?we/ f p>k road ab\t #b miles nor? ( ,c\r?\se ,wa%4 7,fig4 #cc7 ,! ,w9d[s ,section ,! ,w9d[s section1 "o ( ! mo/ beautiful p>ts ( ! p>k1 once 0 ! only readily accessible "p ( ! =m] monum5t & is /ill ! only collection ( ar*es se5 by _m visitors :o ei!r d n h or d n take "t to travel f>!r nor?4 ,all ! ar*es & erosion =ms are on or ne> a high cre/ call$ ,elephant ,butte 7,dane1 #aice1 p4 #abf1 #abg71 :i* sep>ates ,salt ,valley f ! ,c\r?\se syncl9e4 ,! ridge also m>ks ! s\? edge ( sev]al m9or anticl9es & syncl9es t]m$ by ,dane ! 8,elephant ,butte folds40 ,illu/ration3 ,,eye ,,( ,,! ,,:ale1 "o ( sev]al ar*es 9 ,h]d9a ,p>k1 j s\? ( jeep trail ab\t #b miles nor?we/ ( ,balanc$ ,rock4 ,cut 9 ,slick ,rock ,memb]4 ,front op5+ is #fj feet wide & #bg feet high1 b back op5+ is only #ce feet wide & #aa feet high4 ,photograph by ,pr(essor ,dale ,j4 ,/ev5s1 ,brigham ,"y ,univ]sity4 7,fig4 #cd7 ,gu>d+ ! approa* to ,! ,w9d[s section is ,balanc$ ,rock 7/op #i74 ,z %[n 9 ! frontispiece1 x is accompani$ on ! "r by ano!r balanc$ rock & a ?ird "o may be se5 9 ! di/ance4 ,! orig9al r\te to ,! ,w9d[s section1 pione]$ by ,g\ld+1 pass$ j nor? ( ,balanc$ ,rock4 ,traces ( ! old road betwe5 "h & ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 p>k+ area are /ill visible b no long] us$4 ,to ! we/1 h[ev]1 a "p ( ! old road is ! />t+ po9t ( a jeep trail lead+ nor?we/w>d ?r\gh ,h]d9a ,p>k to a po9t ne> ,klondike ,bluffs1 :]e x jo9s ! dirt road 9 ,salt ,valley 7fig4 #a74 ,visitors hav+ f\r-:eel-drive vehicles may wi% to drive at lea/ z f> z ,eye ( ,! ,:ale 7fig4 #cd71 :i* is ab\t #b miles nor?we/ ( ,balanc$ ,rock4 ,!re are sev]al picnic tables at ! beg9n+ ( ?is jeep trail1 b no wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,intricate ,,crossb$s ,,9 ,,navajo ,,s&/one1 on nor? side ( road betwe5 ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 & ,cove ( ,caves4 ,r$ cre/ is basal "p ( ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]4 7,fig4 #ce7 ,j beyond ,balanc$ ,rock1 a bran* pav$ road turns ea/w>d #b miles to ! ma9 p>k+ lots 9 ,! ,w9d[s section4 ,betwe5 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 7/op #ac7 & ,cove ( ,caves are spectacul> exposures ( ! ,navajo ,s&/one %[+ ! crossb$d+ typical ( ! orig9al dunes 7fig4 #ce74 ,j ea/ ( ! crossb$d$ ,navajo ,s&/one1 %[n 9 figure #ce1 we pass ,cove ,ar* & ,cove ( ,caves 7/op #aj7 on ! nor? side ( ! road 7fig4 #cf74 ,j ar\nd ! curve ea/ ( ,cove ( ,caves is ! fir/ ( two p>k+ lots 7/op #aa7 =m+ a "o-way loop at ! end ( ?is bran* ( ! road4 ,f ! loop may be se5 ! greate/ conc5tration ( readily accessible ar*es 9 ! p>k1 all ( :i* are ro($ by ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] & floor$ by ! ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]4 ,let u take ! %ort pav$ trail f ! upp] lot to ! s\!a/1 :]e we come fir/ to ,nor? ,w9d[ 7fig4 #cg74 ,if we walk ?r\gh ?is ar* & climb ! rock beyond 7fig4 #cg caption71 we see "o ( ! be/ views 9 ! p>k 7fig4 #ch74 ,a %ort walk s\? ( ,nor? ,w9d[ br+s u to ,s\? ,w9d[ 7fig4 #ci74 ,! o!r side ( ?is ar* may be rea*$ ei!r by walk+ ar\nd ! ne>by s\!a/ end ( ! f9 or by walk+ ?r\gh ,nor? ,w9d[4 ,a %ort walk to ! s\?we/ br+s u to ,turret ,ar*--! "o se5 ?r\gh ,nor? ,w9d[ 9 figure #ch4 ,figure #dj 0 tak5 f ! s\?we/ side ( ,turret ,ar*1 view$ nor!a/w>d t[>d ,s\? ,w9d[1 "o corn] ( :i* appe>s at ! left4 ,bo? ,nor? & ,s\? ,w9d[s may be se5 9 "o photograph tak5 f po9ts ne> ,turret ,ar*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cove ,,ar* ,,& ,,cove ,,( ,,caves1 on nor? side ( road j we/ ( ,d\ble ,ar* & ,p>ade ( ,elephants4 ,ar* at left & ?ree ( ! caves on "r are ro($ by ,slick ,rock ,memb] & floor$ by ,dewey ,bridge ,memb]4 ,ar* is #dh feet wide & #cd feet high4 ,9 "t ! caves w eat ?r\gh ! #cj-;foot-?ick f9 & become ar*es4 ,note %>p contact betwe5 ,dewey ,bridge ,memb] & ,navajo ,s&/one4 7,fig4 #cf7 ,illu/ration3 ,,nor? ,,w9d[1 view$ to ! nor!a/4 ,l>ge rock seem+ly p>tly block+ left end ( ar* actually is ! s\!a/ end ( a f9 "s #ej feet or m beyond ! ar*1 f :i* figure #ch 0 tak54 ,ar* is #ic feet wide & #ea feet high4 7,fig4 #cg7 ,f ! l[] p>k+ lot 7/op #ab71 a %ort walk by pav$ trail takes u to spectacul> ,d\ble ,ar*1 %[n 9 figure #ag4 ,?is ar* is visible f ! p>k+ lot b is be/ se5 & photograph$ f at or ne> ! end ( ! trail4 ,look+ we/w>d f ne> ! trail's end1 we see ! ,p>ade ( ,elephants1 %[n 9 figure #da4 ,?is feature is describ$ on pages #af & #ag ( 8,! ,guide to an ,auto ,t\r ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k0 z 8:imsical /one /atu>y resembl+ a circus pa*yd]m p>ade4 ,) tail 9 trunk1 ! elephants rumble t[>d y along a s&/one roadway40 ,ribbon ,ar*1 on ! nor? side ( ,elephant ,butte1 is "o ( ! mo/ delicate ones 9 ! p>k 7fig4 #a74 ,al?\gh x is #ej feet wide & #ee feet high1 ! rock span is only #a feet wide & #a foot ?ick4 ,on ! way back to ! int]section ) ! ma9 p>k road1 we pass /op #ad1 f :i* may be se5 ,po?ole ,ar* 7fig4 #ah74 ,"o & "o-half miles nor? ( ! int]section ) ! ma9 road is ! ,panorama ,po9t p>k+ area 7/op #ae71 :i* af=ds f9e di/ant views ( ,salt & ,ca*e ,valleys & po9ts beyond4 ,a roadside exhibit portrays ! gradual developm5t ( ! ,salt ,valley anticl9e1 :i* supplem5ts my description on pages #bg-cb4 ,a p>k+ space a %ort di/ance f>!r d[n ! hill 7/op #af7 provides good di/ant views ( ! ,fi]y ,furnace4 ,i tri$ sev]al telephoto %ots f ?is viewpo9t1 b pref]r$ my closeup views1 su* z ! "o %[n 9 figure #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,look+ ,,s\?we/w>d ,,?r\gh ,,nor? ,,w9d[1 f f9 %[n beyond left side ( ,nor? ,w9d[ 9 figure #cg4 ,turret ,ar* 7fig4 #dj7 is se5 at "r middle gr\nd1 s\? rim ( ,moab ,valley to left ( ar*1 ,colorado ,riv] canyon =ms left skyl9e4 7,fig4 #ch7 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\? ,,w9d[1 view$ t[>d nor!a/4 ,ar* is #aje feet wide & #ff feet high4 ,see text4 7,fig4 #ci7 ,delicate ,ar* ,area ,two & a half miles nor!a/ ( ! road int]section ne> ,balanc$ ,rock1 a gravell$ side road leads nor!a/w>d to sev]al po9ts ( consid]able int]e/4 ,! photograph 9 figure #aa 0 tak5 f ?is side road ab\t half a mile nor!a/ ( ! int]section4 ,ab\t #b miles to ! nor!a/1 j beyond ,salt ,valley ,wa%1 is a p>k+ area 7/op #ag7 at ! beg9n+ ( ! trail pa/ ,wolfe's ,b>-,,dx ,ran* 7fig4 #c7 to fam$ ,delicate ,ar*1 :i* is featur$ on ! front cov]4 ,al?\gh ! trail to ! ar* is only #a miles long1 x crosses sev]al hills at ! outset1 !n climbs #ejj feet1 mo/ly on b>e ,entrada ,s&/one1 s is consid]$ q /r5u\s1 p>ticul>ly 9 hot wea!r4 ,! ,p>k ,s]vice advises hik]s to c>ry wat]4 ,! ,walt ,disney crew1 cam]as1 ge>1 c\g>s1 & all climb$ ?is trail 9 ! hotte/ "p ( ! summ] ( #aiga 7see p4 #af71 :ile my wife & ,i 7 work+ 9 ! vic9ity4 ,visitors :o d n wi% to make ! hike may get a di/ant view ( ,delicate ,ar* by driv+ to a p>k+ area 7/op #ah7 #a4c miles f>!r ea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,turret ,,ar*1 view$ nor!a/ t[>d ,s\? ,w9d[1 "p ( :i* is visible on left4 ,small op5+ on "r is visible also 9 figure #ch4 ,l>ge/ ar* is #ci feet wide & #fd feet high2 small] "o is #ab feet wide & #ac feet high4 ,a /ill small] "o1 n visible 9 ! photograph1 is #h feet wide & only #d feet high4 7,fig4 #dj7 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>ade ,,( ,,elephants1 view$ we/ f end ( trail to ,d\ble ,ar*4 ,two elephants are on "r1 "o on left4 7,fig4 #da7 ,aft] leav+ ,wolfe's ,ran*1 ! trail to ,delicate ,ar* crosses ,salt ,wa% on a susp5sion foot bridge 7fig4 #db74 ,j beyond ! bridge1 a %ort walk to ! left 7nor?7 leads to ! ,ute petroglyphs %[n 9 ! l[] photograph ( figure #b4 ,! mo/ difficult "p ( ! trail1 on b>e s&/one1 is m>k$ by cairns ( /ones plac$ at suffici5t int]vals to keep hik]s f los+ ! b>ely visible trail4 ,:5 ! summit f9ally is rea*$ & ! la/ corn] r\nd$1 "o sudd5ly sees p]haps ! mo/ sublime view 9 ! p>k--fam$ ,delicate ,ar*1 fram+ "p ( ! ,la ,sal ,m\nta9s beyond 7fig4 #dc74 ,?is graceful ar* & mighty ,l&scape ,ar* 7fig4 #ec7 7 consid]$ to be 9 s]i\s jeop>dy dur+ ! era ( sonic booms1 b hopefully ?is dang] n[ is pa/4 7,see p4 #af-ag47 ,x may be ( int]e/ to %utt]bugs t pr(essional photograph] ,hal ,rumel lugg$ an #h- #aj-;in* cam]a plus a heavy tripod & accessories up ! /eep trail to get ! excell5t photograph ( ,delicate ,ar* %[n 9 figure #dc4 ,! late aft]noon sun int5sifi$ ! r$ some:at1 b my %ots made e>li] 9 ! day us+ bo? #d- #e-;in* & #ce-mm equipm5t result$ 9 unwant$ %ad[s1 ev5 ?\gh ! salmon color ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] 0 m ne>ly normal4 ,aft] leav+ ! junction ) ! side road1 ! ma9 p>k road trav]ses slices ( v]tical /rata squeez$ betwe5 faults along ! nor? side ( ,salt ,valley1 !n gradually climbs out ( ! valley = ab\t #b miles to a p>k+ area 7/op #ai71 f :i* good views are _h ( ! s\!a/ end ( ,salt ,valley & ( ! grab5s 9 ! we/ end ( ,ca*e ,valley4 7,see fig4 #aa47 ,illu/ration3 ,petroglyph figure ,illu/ration3 ,,susp5sion ,,foot ,,bridge ,,across ,,salt ,,wa%1 9 front ( ,wolfe's cab9 at beg9n+ ( ,delicate ,ar* trail4 7,fig4 #db7 ,illu/ration3 ,,delicate ,,ar*1 f end ( trail #a miles above ,wolfe's ,ran*4 ,! op5+ is #cc feet wide & #de feet high4 ,! left abutm5t is only #e feet wide at ! n>r[e/ po9t4 ,! ar* is c>v$ ne> ! top ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb]1 & ! top ( ! span1 #ai feet ?ick1 is capp$ by a few feet ( ! m resi/ant ,moab ,memb]1 z is ,brok5 ,ar* 7fig4 #af74 ,photograph by ,hal ,rumel1 ,salt ,lake ,city4 7,fig4 #dc7 ,fi]y ,furnace ,ab\t half a mile f>!r uphill is a p>k+ area = view+ ! s\!a/]n "p ( ! ,fi]y ,furnace 7/op #bj71 a va/ array ( t[]+ f9s & p9nacles ( ! r$di% ,slick ,rock ,memb] sep>at$ by n>r[ slots1 vaguely resembl+ flames %oot+ skyw>d4 ,! view ( ! ,fi]y ,furnace 9 figure #dd 0 tak5 ab\t #a mile f>!r up ! hill4 ,x is n difficult to get lo/ among ?is myriad ( f9s & n>r[ slots1 s rang]-guid$ t\rs are conduct$ dur+ ! summ]4 ,ab\t #a mile f>!r nor?we/ is a p>k+ area 7/op #bc7 f :i* a %ort walk to ! nor? end ( ,fi]y ,furnace leads to a n>r[ slot betwe5 high f9s 7fig4 #de71 along :i* a %ort s&y trail leads to a recess along ! s\?we/ wall conta9+ ,s& ,dune ,ar* 7fig4 #df74 ,?is hidd5 ar* receives sun%9e only ne> ! middle ( ! day & is a delightful1 %ady place to re/4 ,f ! entrance to ! slot lead+ to ,s& ,dune ,ar*1 a trail goes half a mile nor? across an op5 field to ,brok5 ,ar*1 %[n 9 figure #af4 ,?is field1 :i* sep>ates ! ,fi]y ,furnace & ,devils ,g>d5 areas1 is se5 f ! air 9 figure #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,petroglyph figure ,illu/ration3 ,,fi]y ,,furnace1 view$ nor?we/ along p>k road ab\t #a mile nor?we/ f /op #bj4 ,f9s & spires are ( ! jo9t$ ,slick ,rock ,memb] 7fig4 #ab71 b ! top ( ! ,dewey ,bridge ,memb] is se5 to ! "r ( ! curve 9 ! road4 7,fig4 #dd7 ,illu/ration3 ,,trail ,,to ,,s& ,,dune ,,ar*1 look+ nor?we/ away f ar*1 betwe5 t[]+ f9s ( ,slick ,rock ,memb]1 at nor?we/ end ( ,fi]y ,furnace4 ,s\!a/ end ( ,devils ,g>d5 9 di/ance4 7,fig4 #de7 ,illu/ration3 ,,s& ,,dune ,,ar*1 9 recess along s\?we/ wall ( n>r[ slot %[n 9 figure #de4 ,slick ,rock ,memb]4 7,fig4 #df7 ,salt ,valley & ,klondike ,bluffs ,be=e proce$+ to ! end ( ! pav$ road1 let u take an unimprov$ side road1 :i* turns s\? ab\t a ?ird ( a mile beyond ! la/ /op1 9 ord] to see m ( ,salt ,valley & to visit ,klondike ,bluffs 9 ! nor?we/]n "p ( ! p>k4 ,aft] desc5d+ #b4c miles ( w9d+ road we rea* ! normally dry b$ ( ,salt ,valley ,wa%1 & turn abruptly to ! nor?we/4 ,= ! next ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile ! 8road0 is simply two tracks 9 ! loose1 s&y b$ ( ! wa%1 :i* obvi\sly %\ld n be travell$ :5 flood$ or :5 !re is ev5 a h9t ( ra94 ,9 dry wea!r1 h[ev]1 ?is road may be travell$ by ord9>y pass5g] c>4 ,?is /ret* ( ! wa% cuts ?r\gh an intrud$ block ( ! ,p>adox ,memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation consi/+ ma9ly ( gray & br[n gypsum1 ! common salt hav+ be5 dissolv$ out by gr\nd wat]4 ,su* an intrusive block ( salt-be>+ rock is kn[n to geologi/s z a diapir--n to be confus$ ) ! g>m5t 7diap]7 worn by infants4 ,f "h on ! road trav]ses a r un9t]e/+ /ret* ( valley nor? ( ,salt ,valley ,wa%4 ,elev5 miles f ! />t+ po9t1 ! road rea*es an int]section f :i* a side road leads s\?we/w>d ?ree-f\r?s ( a mile to a p>k+ area at ! foot ( ,klondike ,bluffs1 :i* =m ! s\? side ( ,salt ,valley4 ,f "h1 "o may make a /r5u\s hike ov] a primitive trail ab\t #a miles long to beautiful ,t[] ,ar* 7fig4 #dg74 ,! valley road cont9ues nor?we/w>d f ! int]section to & beyond ! nor?we/ end ( ! p>k & connects ) roads to ,cresc5t ,junction1 ,?ompson1 & ! ,yell[ ,cat m9+ di/rict1 nor? ( ! p>k 7p4 #ad74 ,let u return to ! pav$ road & cont9ue our t\r ( ! p>k4 ,devils ,g>d5 ,turn+ left 7nor?we/7 at ! int]section ) ! pav$ p>k road1 we ent] ,devils ,g>d5--ano!r l>ge maze ( t[]+ r$ f9s sep>at$ by n>r[ slots1 :i* resembles ! ,fi]y ,furnace4 ,aft] a ?ird ( a mile1 we rea* /op #bd & walk #ajj feet or m to ! nor? = a good view ( ,skyl9e ,ar* 7fig4 #dh74 ,?is ar* is v appropriately nam$1 z x =ms ! skyl9e view$ ei!r f ! road on ! s\? or f ! campgr\nd on ! nor?1 f po9ts s\? ( ! amphi!at]4 ,less well kn[n is ! fact t ,skyl9e ,ar* is cle>ly visible to ! nak$ eye or ?r\gh b9ocul>s f /ret*es ( ,highway ,i-#gj 7or old ,u4,s4 ,highways #f & #ej7 ab\t #aa miles to ! nor?4 ,mo/ ar*es & o!r erosion =ms d n *ange appe>ance mu* f day to day or ye> to ye>1 b "s1 l 8,baby ,ar*0 7fig4 #ae71 %[ evid5ce ( relatively rec5t orig94 ,9 ,novemb] #aidj 7,abbey1 #aiga1 p4 #db7 ,skyl9e ,ar* sudd5ly d\bl$ 9 size by ! fall ( a l>ge rock t occupi$ :at is n[ ! nor?we/ half ( ! ar*4 ,photographs tak5 be=e & aft] ?is ev5t appe> on pages #bd & #be ( ! road guide & also 9 ! museum at ! ,visitor ,c5t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,t[] ,,ar*1 on ,klondike ,bluffs1 view$ ea/w>d4 ,ar* is 9 ,slick ,rock ,memb] b t[] on left1 aft] :i* ar* 0 nam$1 is capp$ by a protective lay] ( ! resi/ant ,moab ,memb]4 ,op5+ is #hh feet wide & #dc feet high4 ,photograph by ,rob]t ,d4 ,mill]4 7,fig4 #dg7 ,illu/ration3 ,,skyl9e ,,ar*1 view$ nor? f po9t ab\t #ajj feet nor? ( /op #bd1 9 ,slick ,rock ,memb]4 ,al?\gh f9s are v]tical1 note t ! /rata seem to dip ab\t #ae to ! "r1 al?\gh ! actual dip is to ! nor!a/4 7,see fig4 #ej47 7,fig4 #dh7 ,ano!r half mile br+s u to a "o-way 7to "r7 loop at ! end ( ! p>k road4 ,j beyond ! beg9n+ ( ! loop is a p>k+ lot & v attractive picnic area conta9+ sev]al picnic tables %ad$ by pion p9es at ! foot ( a t[]+ r$ f9 ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb]4 ,j nor? ( ?is picnic gr\nd1 a pav$ side road leads ea/w>d into a truly beautiful1 well-equipp$ campgr\nd compris+ bo? back-9 & drive-?r\gh campsites = trail]s1 camp]s1 or t5ts2 ?ree pairs ( mod]n re/rooms1 hydrants1 & dr9k+ f\nta9s2 & an amphi!at]1 :]e illu/rat$ campfire talks are giv5 nightly dur+ ! summ]4 ,! ea/ end ( ! campgr\nd is %[n 9 figure #di4 ,illu/ration3 ,,campgr\nd ,,9 ,,devils ,,g>d51 view$ nor?we/w>d across turn-ar\nd at s\!a/]n end4 7,fig4 #di7 ,devils ,g>d5 9 g5]al & ! campgr\nd 9 p>ticul> are on ! cre/ ( a ridge sep>at+ ,salt ,valley to ! s\?we/ f ! ,sag]s ,wa% syncl9e to ! nor!a/1 :i* lies nor? ( ,yell[ ,cat ,flat & nor? ( ! area %[n 9 figure #a4 ,f ! high] p>ts ( ! campgr\nd /rik+ views are to be _h t[>d ! nor? & nor!a/1 p>ticul>ly late 9 ! aft]noon1 z %[n 9 figure #ej4 ,illu/ration3 ,,view ,,nor? ,,f ,,campgr\nd1 9 late aft]noon4 ,r$di% ,slick ,rock ,memb] capp$ by light-color$ ,moab ,memb] are se5 dipp+ nor!a/w>d t[>d ,sag]s ,wa% syncl9e4 ,book ,cliffs1 nor? ( ,?ompson1 are #af miles nor? on left skyl9e4 7,fig4 #ej7 ,9 ab\t ! middle ( ! "o-way loop at ! end ( ! p>k road is a well t supplies wat] to ! campgr\nd f e>ly 9 ! spr+ until ! return ( freez+ wea!r late 9 ! fall4 ,! well1 :i* 0 drill$ 9 #aifb to a dep? ( #ijj feet1 obta9s a small am\nt ( wat] f ! ,w+ate ,s&/one4 ,no wat] 0 f\nd 9 ! ov]ly+ ,navajo & ,entrada ,s&/ones because ( ! pron\nc$ dip ( ! rocks t[>d ! nor!a/1 :i* all[s any wat] 9 ^! rocks to dra9 nor!a/w>d 7,t$ ,arn[1 writt5 commun41 #aifc74 ,wat] f ?is well is pump$ to a /eel tank 9 a high "p ( ! campgr\nd1 :5ce x fl[s by gravity to ! ?ree sets ( re/rooms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\!a/]n ,,"p ,,( ,,devils ,,g>d5 ,,trail1 view$ nor?we/w>d4 ,n>r[ slot betwe5 f9s ( ,slick ,rock ,memb] indicates local spac+ ( jo9ts4 7,fig4 #ea7 ,at ! nor?we/ end ( ! "o-way loop is a l>ge p>k+ area = use by p hik+ ! ,devils ,g>d5 trail4 ,?is trail leads to sev5 ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ar*es 9 ! p>k1 all ( :i* are 9 ! ,slick ,rock ,memb]1 & !re are _m m f>!r to ! nor?we/4 ,! approximate di/ances to ! sev5 ar*es are giv5 9 ! p>agraphs t foll[4 ,! trail is pav$ = ab\t #a mile z f> z ,l&scape ,ar* 7fig4 #ec71 b f !re to ,d\ble ,o ,ar* 7fig4 #ef7 ! trail is primitive1 & ! ,p>k ,s]vice recomm5ds rubb] soles z "p ( ! trail is on b>e s&/one4 ,= ^! reasons1 _m visitors hike only z f> z ,l&scape ,ar*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p9e ,,tree ,,ar*1 view$ nor!a/w>d4 ,op5+ is #df feet wide & #dh feet high4 ,f9 is #cj feet ?ick4 7,fig4 #eb7 ,mu* ( ! trail1 p>ticul>ly ! fir/ "p1 lies 9 a n>r[ slot betwe5 f9s ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb]1 z %[n 9 figure #ea4 ,aft] ab\t half a mile1 a side trail to ! nor? leads to a ,y1 ! "r-h& =k ( :i* goes to ,tunnel ,ar* 7fig4 #ad74 ,! left-h& =k leads to ,p9e ,tree ,ar*1 obvi\sly nam$ = ! pion p9e fram$ by ?is ar* 7fig4 #eb74 ,at ! end ( ! improv$ "p ( ! trail1 we rea* ,l&scape ,ar* 7fig4 #ec71 claim$ by ! ,p>k ,s]vice to be ! longe/ kn[n natural ar* 9 ! _w4 ,accord+ to ,ouellette 7#aieh7 x is #bia feet long & #aah feet high1 b ,pr(essor ,/ev5s' measurem5ts indicate x to be #bhg feet long & #ajf feet high4 ,at its ?9ne/ po9t on ! "r1 ! span is only #aa feet wide & #aa feet ?ick4 ,9 #aieh ?ree "y m5 made :at 0 claim$ to be ! second kn[n asc5t ( ,l&scape ,ar*1 us+ ropes & o!r climb+ ge>1 aft] :i* !y walk$ across 7,ouellette1 #aieh74 ,?is cross+ 0 made ) ! p]mission ( a p>k rang]1 b su* p]mission is no long] giv51 = ! safety ( bo? ! ar* & ( w\ld-be climb]s4 ,wall ,ar* is ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile beyond ! end ( ! improv$ "p ( ! trail1 & ano!r ?ree-f\r?s mile br+s u to ,navajo ,ar* 7fig4 #ed7 & ,p>tition ,ar* 7fig4 #ee74 ,a di/ant view ( ,p>tition ,ar* may be _h j be=e rea*+ ,l&scape ,ar*4 ,"p ( ! rema9+ trail to ,d\ble ,o ,ar* 7fig4 #ef7 is on ! top ( a l[ s&/one f91 9 "p betwe5 some:at high] f9s & 9 "p above l[] slots4 ,illu/ration3 ,,l&scape ,,ar*1 view$ s\?we/w>d f ne> end ( improv$ "p ( ,devils ,g>d5 trail4 ,note t gr\nd b5ea? ar* is cov]$ by slope wa% & ne> ! middle ) :at appe>s to be a small l&slide4 ,slick ,rock ,memb] "h is m ne>ly buff ?an salmon color$1 because ( a small] cont5t ( iron oxide4 ,fre% breaks & angul> blocks ( /one at "r abutm5t indicate relatively rec5t rock falls4 ,see text = size4 7,fig4 #ec7 ,illu/ration3 ,,navajo ,,ar*1 view$ nor!a/w>d f a bran* ( ,devils ,g>d5 trail4 ,"o ( few ar*es hav+ a flat soil-cov]$ floor4 ,op5+ is #dj feet wide4 ,photograph by ,national ,p>k ,s]vice4 7,fig4 #ed7 ,beautiful ,d\ble ,o ,ar* 7fig4 #ef7 is at ! end ( ! ,devils ,g>d5 trail ab\t #b miles nor?we/ ( ! trailhead4 ,ab\t half a mile nor?we/ ( ! trail's end is a prom95t l&m>k call$ ,d>k ,angel 7fig4 #eg71 :i* is visible 9 figure #ab & f ! unimprov$ road 9 ,salt ,valley4 ,illu/ration3 ,,p>tition ,,ar*1 view$ s\?we/w>d f ne> ,devils ,g>d5 trail4 ,ar* frames "p ( s\? wall ( ,salt ,valley &1 on skyl9e1 mesas s\? ( ,moab ,valley4 ,op5+ is #bg feet wide & #bf feet high4 ,a small] op5+ to ! "r measures #h feet wide & #h feet high4 ,photograph by ,dawn ,e4 ,re$4 7,fig4 #ee7 ,illu/ration3 ,,d\ble ,o ,,ar*1 view$ ab\t nor? f nor?we/ end ( ,devils ,g>d5 trail4 ,l>ge op5+ is #ga feet wide & #de feet high2 small "o at l[] left is #ba feet wide & #aa feet high4 ,span ( l>ge op5+ is #aa feet wide & #f feet ?ick4 ,ar* frames a "p ( ! ,book ,cliffs ab\t #ad miles to ! nor?4 ,photograph by ,hildeg>d ,hamilton1 ,flag/aff1 ,ariz4 7,fig4 #ef7 ,illu/ration3 ,,d>k ,,angel1 a %aft ( ! ,slick ,rock ,memb] t is an erosional remnant ( a once high1 n>r[ f94 ,ab\t "o-half mile nor?we/ ( ,d\ble ,o ,ar*4 ,photograph by ,national ,p>k ,s]vice4 7,fig4 #eg7 ,illu/ration3 8,,indian-,,head ,,ar*10 9 upp] ,devils ,g>d54 ,ar* & mo/ ( head are 9 ,slick ,rock ,memb]1 top ( head is basal "p ( ,moab ,memb]4 ,op5+ is #d feet wide & #d feet high4 ,photograph by ,pr(essor ,dale ,j4 ,/ev5s1 ,brigham ,"y ,univ]sity4 7,fig4 #eh7 ,illu/ration3 ,,geologic ,,"t ,,spiral1 %[+ ! sequ5ce1 names1 & ages ( ! geologic eras1 p]iods1 & epo*s1 & ! evolution ( plant & animal life on l& & 9 ! sea4 ,! primitive animals t evolv$ 9 ! sea dur+ ! va/ ,precambrian ,era left few traces 9 ! rocks because !y _h n develop$ h>d p>ts1 su* z %ells1 b h>d %ell or skeletal p>ts became abundant dur+ & aft] ! ,paleozoic ,era4 7,fig4 #ei7 ,,geologic ,,"t ,! ,age ( ! ,e>? ,! ,e>? is v old--#d4e billion ye>s or m accord+ to rec5t e/imates4 ,mo/ ( ! evid5ce = an anci5t ,e>? is conta9$ 9 ! rocks t =m ! ,e>?'s cru/4 ,! rock lay]s !mselves--l pages 9 a long & complicat$ hi/ory--record ! surface-%ap+ ev5ts ( ! pa/1 & buri$ )9 !m are traces ( life--! plants & animals t evolv$ f organic /ructures t exi/$ p]haps #c billion ye>s ago4 ,also conta9$ 9 rocks once molt5 are radioactive elem5ts ^: isotopes provide ,e>? sci5ti/s ) an atomic clock4 ,)9 ^! rocks1 8p>5t0 isotopes decay at a pr$ictable rate to =m 8daught]0 isotopes4 ,by det]m9+ ! relative am\nts ( p>5t & daught] isotopes1 ! age ( ^! rocks c be calculat$4 ,?us1 ! results ( /udies ( rock lay]s 7/ratigraphy71 & ( fossils 7paleontology71 c\pl$ ) ! ages ( c]ta9 rocks z measur$ by atomic clocks 7geo*ronology71 atte/ to a v old ,e>?6 ,pr(essor ,/ev5s f\nd #ad ar*es 9 :at he call$ upp] ,devils ,g>d51 nor?we/ ( ,d\ble ,o ,ar*1 & two ar*es 9 ! nor?we/]nmo/ ext5sion ( ! p>k kn[n z ,eagle ,p>k 7fig4 #a74 ,"o ( ! unnam$ ar*es 9 upp] ,devils ,g>d5 is %[n 9 figure #eh4 ,i am t5tatively call+ x 8,indian-,head ,ar*10 because ( ! r obvi\s resemblance4 ,?is ends our j\rney ?r\gh ,ar*es ,national ,p>k1 b !re rema9s = consid]ation a summ>y ( ! pr9cipal geologic ev5ts lead+ to ! =mation ( ?is beautiful "p ( ! ,colorado ,plateau & a brief comp>ison ) ! geology ( o!r national p>ks & monum5ts on ! ,plateau4 ,summ>y ( ,geologic ,hi/ory ,hav+ f9i%$ our geologic trip ?r\gh ,ar*es ,national ,p>k1 let u see h[ ! ar*es & o!r features fit into ! bigg] s*eme ( ?+s--! geologic age & ev5ts ( ! ,e>? z a :ole1 z depict$ 9 figure #ei4 ,z %[n 9 figure #d1 ! rock /rata /ill pres]v$ 9 ! p>k range 9 age f ,p5nsylvanian to ,cretace\s1 or f ab\t #cjj million to #ajj million ye>s old--a span ( ab\t #bjj million ye>s4 ,?is seems an incr$ibly long "t1 until "o notes t ! e>? is "s #d4e billion ye>s old1 & t our rock pile is b #a_/bc or #d p]c5t ( ! age ( ! ,e>? z a :ole4 ,?us1 9 figure #ei1 ! rocks expos$ 9 ! p>k occupy only ab\t ! left half ( ! top :orl ( ! spiral4 ,b ?is is n ! :ole /ory4 ,z indicat$ e>li]1 y\ng] ,mesozoic & ,t]ti>y rocks m ?an #a mile ?ick t once cov]$ ! area h be5 c>ri$ away by erosion1 & if we include ^! ! span is increas$ to ab\t #bej million ye>s1 or ne>ly a full :orl ( ! spiral4 ,deep te/s = oil & gas tell u t mu* old] rocks und]lie ! area1 & we h se5 t "s ( ^! play$ a "p 9 %ap+ ! p>k we see today4 ,9 addition to ! ,precambrian igne\s & metamorphic rocks1 !re is ab\t #b1jjj feet ( ,paleozoic s$im5t>y rocks old] ?an ! ,p5nsylvanian ,p>adox ,memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation1 mo/ ( :i* 0 laid d[n 9 anci5t seas4 ,?is includes /rata ( ,cambrian1 ,ordovician1 ,devonian1 ,mississippian1 & ,p5nsylvanian ages 7fig4 #ei74 ,!re are "s gaps 9 ! rock record caus$ by tempor>y em]g5ce ( ! l& above sea level & erosion ( ! l& surface be=e ! l& aga9 subsid$ bel[ sea level s t deposition c\ld resume4 ,silurian rocks are abs5t1 presumably because1 "h1 ! ,silurian ,p]iod 0 dom9at$ by erosion r ?an deposition4 ,:ile ,p5nsylvanian & ,p]mian rocks 7 be+ laid d[n 9 & s\?we/ ( ! p>k1 a l>ge area to ! nor!a/1 call$ by geologi/s ! ,uncompahgre ,highl& 7because x occupi$ ! same g5]al area z "p ( ! pres5t ,uncompahgre ,plateau71 rose sl[ly above sea level4 ,:atev] ,paleozoic rocks 7 on ?is ris+ l& plus "p ( ! und]ly+ ,precambrian rocks 7 erod$ & c>ri$ by /reams into deep bas9s to ! nor!a/ & s\?we/4 ,?us1 :ile "s m>9e or ne>-%ore deposits 7 be+ laid d[n 9 & s\? ( ! p>k1 ?\s&s ( feet ( r$ b$s 7 be+ laid d[n by /reams betwe5 ! p>k & :at is n[ ! ,uncompahgre ,plateau4 ,dur+ "p ( ,middle ,p5nsylvanian "t1 a l>ge area1 includ+ ! p>k1 kn[n z ! ,p>adox bas91 0 alt]nately connect$ to or cut (f f ! sea1 s t ! wat] 0 evaporat$ dur+ cut(f p]iods & repl5i%$ dur+ p]iods :5 connection ) ! sea resum$4 ,9 ^! huge evaporation bas9s 7 deposit$ ! salt & gypsum plus "s pota% salts & %ale t n[ make up ! ,p>adox ,memb] ( ! ,h]mosa ,=mation4 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k conta9s f\r nor?we/]ly tr5d+ major folds--! ,salt ,valley & ,ca*e ,valley salt anticl9es1 ! ,c\r?\se syncl9e1 & ! fault$ ,moab-,sev5 ,mile anticl9e1 :i* =ms ! s\?we/]n bord]4 ,h[ ^! folds 7 =m$ 0 expla9$ on pages #bg-cb4 ,! hi/ory ( _! gr[?1 h[ev]1 0 a long "o t began ab\t #cjj million ye>s ago 9 ! ,p5nsylvanian & end$ ab\t #ej million ye>s ago 9 ! e>ly ,t]ti>y4 ,! gr[? ( ^! folds occurr$ 9 two /ages4 ,! fir/ /age1 :i* involv$ ! developm5t ( ! salt cores ( ! anticl9es1 end$ 9 ! ,jurassic ) ! beg9n+ ( ,morrison "t2 ! second /age1 :i* involv$ additional fold+ t int5sifi$ ! magnitude & %ape ( exi/+ folds1 occurr$ 9 ! e>ly ,t]ti>y & 0 foll[$ lat] by collapse ( ! salt anticl9es4 ,! =mation & collapse ( ! ,salt ,valley & ,ca*e ,valley anticl9es 0 accompani$ by pron\nc$ jo9t+ 7fig4 #ab71 :i* all[$ diff]5tial erosion to produce ! tall f9s 9 :i* ! ar*es 7 =m$4 ,! old ,uncompahgre ,highl& cont9u$ to %$ debris into ! bord]+ bas9s until ,triassic "t1 :5 x began to be cov]$ by a v5e] ( r$ s&/one & silt/one ( ! ,*9le ,=mation 7,lohman1 #aife74 ,! area rema9$ above sea level dur+ ! ,triassic ,p]iod & mo/1 if n all1 ( ! ,jurassic ,p]iod1 al?\gh ! ,jurassic ,c>mel ,=mation 0 laid d[n 9 a sea t lay j to ! we/4 ,late 9 ! ,cretace\s ,p]iod a l>ge "p ( ,c5tral & ,s\!a/]n ,unit$ ,/ates1 includ+ ! ea/]n half ( ,utah1 sank b5ea? ! sea & receiv$ ?\s&s ( feet ( mud1 silt1 & "s s& t lat] compact$ into ! ,mancos ,%ale4 ,?is =mation1 z well z all y\ng] & "s old] /rata1 has long s9ce be5 erod$ f mo/ ( ! p>k area1 b a little ( ! ,mancos is pres]v$ 9 ! ,ca*e ,valley grab5 7fig4 #aa71 & ! entire ,mancos ,%ale & y\ng] rocks are pres5t 9 adjac5t areas1 su* z ! ,book ,cliffs nor? ( ,gre5 ,riv]1 ,cresc5t ,junction1 & ,cisco 7figs4 #g1 #ej1 #ef74 ,! l& rose above ! sea at ab\t ! close ( ! ,cretace\s & has rema9$ above ev] s9ce1 al?\gh inl& bas9s & lakes receiv$ s$im5t dur+ p>ts ( ! ,t]ti>y ,p]iod4 ,compressive =ces 9 ! ,e>?'s cru/ produc$ "s g5tle fold+ ( ! /rata at ! close ( ! ,cretace\s1 b m pron\nc$ fold+ & "s fault+ occurr$ dur+ ! ,eoc5e ,epo*1 :5 mo/ ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s took =m4 ,dur+ ! ,mioc5e ,epo* igne\s rock well$ up into old] rocks to =m ! cores ( ! ne>by ,la ,sal1 ,abajo1 & ,h5ry ,m\nta9s4 ,additional uplift & "s fold+ occurr$ 9 ! ,plioc5e & ,plei/oc5e ,epo*s4 ,mu* ( ! c\rse ( ! ,colorado ,riv] 0 e/abli%$ dur+ ! ,mioc5e ,epo*1 ) "s additional adju/m5ts 9 ! late ,plioc5e & e>ly ,plei/oc5e ,epo*s 7,hunt1 ,c4 ,b41 #aifi1 p4 #fg74 ,erosion dur+ mu* ( ! ,t]ti>y ,p]iod & all ( ! ,quat]n>y ,p]iod plus "s sagg+ & break+ ( ! cre/ ( ! anticl9es1 br\ght on by solution & lat]al squeez+ ( salt b$s b5ea? ! ,moab-,sev5 ,mile1 ,salt ,valley1 & ,ca*e ,valley anticl9es1 comb9$ to produce ! l&scape z we n[ see x4 ,! ,precambrian rocks b5ea? ! area are ab\t #a4e billion ye>s old2 s an enorm\s span ( "t is repres5t$ by ! rocks & ev5ts 9 & b5ea? ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k4 ,if we consid] ! geologic =mations t make up ! national p>ks 7,n4,p471 national monum5ts 7,n4,m47 7exclud+ small hi/orical or ar*aeological ones71 ,monum5t ,valley1 ,san ,rafael ,swell1 & ,gl5 ,canyon ,national ,recreation ,area1 all 9 ! ,colorado ,plateau1 x becomes app>5t t c]ta9 =mations or gr\ps ( =mations play />r+ roles 9 "s p>ks or monum5ts1 "s play support+ roles1 & 9 a few places ! entire ca/ ( rocks gets ab\t equal bill+4 ,let u comp>e !m & see h[ & :]e !y fit into ! 8,geologic ,"t ,spiral0 7fig4 #ei74 ,d9osaur ,n4,m41 ) expos$ rocks rang+ 9 age f ,precambrian to ,cretace\s1 cov]s ! greate/ "t span 7ne>ly #b billion ye>s71 b has "o unit--! ,jurassic ,morrison ,=mation--9 ! />r+ role1 = ?is unit conta9s ! _m d9osaur fossils t give ! monum5t its "n & fame1 al?\gh !re are sev]al old] units 9 support+ roles4 ,gr& ,canyon ,n4,p4 & ,n4,m4 are next1 ) rocks rang+ 9 age f ,precambrian ?r\gh ,p]mian 7exclud+ ! ,quat]n>y lava fl[s 9 ! ,n4,m471 b "h !re is truly a team ef=t1 = ! entire ca/ gets ab\t equal bill+4 ,canyonl&s ,n4,p4 /&s ?ird 9 ?is category1 ) rocks rang+ f ,p5nsylvanian to ,jurassic1 b we w\ld h to give top bill+ to ! ,p]mian ,c$> ,mesa ,s&/one ,memb] ( ! ,cutl] ,=mation1 f :i* ,! ,ne$les1 ,! ,grab5s1 & mo/ ( ! ar*es 7 sculptur$2 ! ,triassic ,w+ate ,s&/one & ! ,triassic787 ,kay5ta ,=mation get second bill+ = _! roles 9 =m+ & pres]v+ ,isl& 9 ! ,sky & o!r high mesas4 ,n[ let u consid] o!r areas ) only "o or few play]s 9 ! ca/1 beg9n+ at ! bottom ( ! "t spiral4 ,black ,canyon ( ! ,gunnison ,n4,m41 cut entirely 9 rocks ( e>ly ,precambrian age ) only a v5e] ( mu* y\ng] rocks1 obvi\sly has b "o /> 9 its ca/4 ,colorado ,n4,m4 conta9s rocks rang+ f ,precambrian to ,cretace\s--equal to ,d9osaur 9 ?is respect1 b ,colorado is unique 9 t all ! rocks ( ! long ,paleozoic ,era & "s o!rs are miss+ f ! ca/2 ( ^? t rema91 ! ,triassic ,w+ate & ! ,triassic787 ,kay5ta are ! />s1 ) /rong support f ! ,jurassic ,entrada ,s&/one4 ,all ! bridges 9 ,natural ,bridges ,n4,m4 7 c>v$ f ! ,p]mian ,c$> ,mesa ,s&/one ,memb] ( ! ,cutl] ,=mation1 also "o ( ! />s 9 ,canyonl&s ,n4,p4 ,9 ,canyon de ,*elly 7pron\nc$ dee %ay7 ,n4,m4 & ,monum5t ,valley 7nei!r a national p>k nor a national monum5t1 z x is own$ & adm9i/]$ by ! ,navajo ,tribe71 ! ,de ,*elly ,s&/one ,memb] ( ! ,cutl] ,=mation--a ,p]mian memb] y\ng] ?an ! ,c$> ,mesa--plays ! />r+ role4 ,wupatki ,n4,m4 ne> ,flag/aff1 ,ariz41 />s ! ,triassic ,mo5kopi ,=mation4 ,petrifi$ ,=e/ ,n4,p4 7:i* n[ includes "p ( ! ,pa9t$ ,des]t7 has b "o />--! ,triassic ,*9le ,=mation1 9 :i* are f\nd _m petrifi$ logs & /umps ( anci5t trees4 ,! ,triassic-,jurassic ,gl5 ,canyon ,gr\p 7fig4 #ai71 :i* includes ! ,triassic ,w+ate ,s&/one1 ! ,triassic787 ,kay5ta ,=mation1 & ! ,triassic787-,jurassic ,navajo ,s&/one1 receives top bill+ 9 rec5tly enl>g$ ,capitol ,reef ,n4,p41 b ! ,triassic ,mo5kopi & ,*9le ,=mations enjoy support+ roles4 ,! ,triassic787-,jurassic ,navajo ,s&/one1 :i* has a support+ role 9 ,ar*es ,n4,p41 is ! undisput$ /> ( ,zion ,n4,p41 ,ra9b[ ,bridge ,n4,m41 & ,gl5 ,canyon ,national ,recreation ,area1 despite ! fact t ! latt] is ! type locality ( ! entire ,gl5 ,canyon ,gr\p4 ,! ,navajo also =ms ! impressive reef at ! ea/ edge ( ! beautiful ,san ,rafael ,swell1 a dome1 or clos$ anticl9e1 n[ cross$ by ,highway ,i-#gj betwe5 ,gre5 ,riv] & ,fremont ,junction1 ,utah4 ,z we j\rney upw>d 9 ! "t spiral 7fig4 #ei71 we come to ! ,jurassic ,entrada ,s&/one1 :i* />s 9 ,ar*es ,n4,p41 ) help f ! und]ly+ ,navajo ,s&/one1 & a support+ ca/ ( bo? old] & y\ng] rocks4 ,! ,entrada also =ms ! grotesque erosion =ms call$ 8hoodoos & gobl9s0 9 ,gobl9 ,valley ,/ate ,p>k1 nor? ( ,hanksville1 ,utah4 ,mov+ ev] upw>d 9 ! spiral1 we come to ! ,cretace\s--! age ( ! />r+ ,mesav]de ,gr\p1 9 :i* ! caves ( ,mesav]de ,n4,p4 7 =m$1 & :i* n[ h\se beautifully pres]v$ ru9s once occupi$ by ! ,anasazi1 ! same anci5t p :o once dwelt 9 ,ar*es ,n4,p4 & ne>by areas4 ,?is br+s u up to ! ,t]ti>y ,p]iod1 dur+ ! e>ly "p ( :i* ! p9k lime/ones & %ales ( ! ,paleoc5e & ,eoc5e ,wasat* ,=mation 7 laid d[n 9 inl& bas9s4 ,beautifully sculptur$ cliffs1 p9nacles1 & caves ( ! ,wasat* /> 9 ,bryce ,canyon ,n4,p4 & 9 ne>by ,c$> ,breaks ,n4,m4 ,?is concludes our climb up ! "t spiral1 except = ,quat]n>y volcanoes & "s old] volcanic features at ,sunset ,crat] ,n4,m41 ne> ,flag/aff1 ,ariz4 ,?us1 "o way or ano!r1 _m rock units =m$ dur+ ! la/ c\ple ( billion ye>s h p]=m$ on ! /age ( ! ,colorado ,plateau &1 hamlike1 /ill lurk 9 ! w+s eag]ly await+ y\r applause to recall !m to ! footlights4 ,don't let !m d[n--visit & enjoy ! national p>ks & monum5ts ( ! ,plateau1 = !y probably are ! greate/ collection ( sc5ic wond]l&s 9 ! _w4 ,additional ,read+ ,_m reports cov]+ v>i\s aspects ( ! area h be5 cit$ 9 ! text by au?or & ye>1 & ^! plus a few additional ones are li/$ 9 8,select$ ,ref]5ces40 ,a few works ( g5]al or special int]e/ %\ld be m5tion$1 h[ev]4 ,betwe5 #aibf & #aibi ! entire area n[ includ$ 9 ! p>k 0 mapp$ geologically 9 classic reports by ,dane 7#aice7 & by ,mc,knight 7#aidj74 ,^! m5 & _! field assi/ants mapp$ ! area by use ( ! plane-table & telescopic alidade )\t b5efit ( mod]n topographic maps or a]ial photographs1 except = topographic maps ( ! n>r[ /ret* along ! ,colorado ,riv] mapp$ "u ! direction ( ,h]ron 7#aiag74 ,only small sections c\ld be rea*$ by automobile1 s ne>ly all ! area 0 trav]s$ us+ horses & mules or by hik+4 ,?is "w plus mapp+ done 9 ne>by areas to ! s\? & to ! nor? 7,/okes1 #aieb7 dur+ ! uranium boom ( ! mid-fifties 0 us$ by ,williams 7#aifd7 9 compil+ a geologic map ( ! ,moab quadrangle at a scale ( #a3bej1jjj4 ,sev]al e>ly reports on ! ,colorado ,riv] & its pot5tial utilization conta9 a weal? ( in=mation & _m f9e photographs1 includ+ two by ,la ,rue 7#aiaf1 #aibe7 & "o by ,follansbee 7#aibi74 ,y may be int]e/$ 9 brief acc\nts ( ! geology ( o!r national p>ks & monum5ts1 or o!r areas ( special int]e/1 su* z ! reports on ! ,u9ta ,m\nta9s by ,hans5 7#aifi71 ,m\nt ,ra9i] by ,cr&ell 7#aifi71 ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k by ,keef] 7#aiga71 & ones by me on ,colorado ,national ,monum5t 7,lohman1 #aife7 & ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k 7#aigd74 ,= ^? :o wi% to le>n m ab\t ! sci5ce ( geology1 ,i sugge/ ! textbook by ,gilluly1 ,wat]s1 & ,wood=d 7#aifh74 ,ackn[l$gm5ts ,i am greatly indebt$ to ,bates ,wilson1 =m] ,sup]9t5d5t1 & to =m] ,assi/ant ,sup]9t5d5t ,joe ,c>i!rs1 = _! spl5did coop]ation 9 supply+ data & in=mation2 to ,*uck ,budge1 =m] ,*ief ,rang]2 ,dave ,may1 ,assi/ant ,*ief ( ,int]pretation & ,res\rce ,managem5t2 ,joe ,mill]1 =m] ,ma9t5ance ,eng9e]2 ,bob ,k]r1 new ,sup]9t5d5t2 ,max9e ,newell1 ,p>k ,hi/orian & memb] ( ! /aff at ,ar*es ,national ,p>k2 ,j]ry ,banta1 =m] ,p>k ,rang] at ,ar*es2 & ,c>l ,mikesell1 ,p>k ,rang] at ,ar*es1 = _! _m favors4 ,i am grateful to sev]al colleagues & fri5ds = ! loan ( photographs1 = geologic help & data1 & = review+ ?is report4 ,i am also deeply grateful to my wife1 ,ru?1 = accompany+ me on all ! fieldwork & = h] help & enc\ragem5t4 ,select$ ,ref]5ces ,abbey1 ,edw>d1 #aiga1 ,des]t solitaire1 a season 9 ! wild]ness3 ,new ,york1 ,ballant9e ,books1 #cjc p4 ,bak]1 ,a4 ,a41 #aicc1 ,geology & oil possibilities ( ! ,moab di/rict1 ,gr& & ,san ,juan ,c\nties1 ,utah3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,bull4 #hda1 #ie p4 ,bak]1 ,pe>l1 #aiga1 ,! ,wild ,bun* at ,robb]s ,roo/3 ,new ,york1 ,ab]l>d-,s*uman1 #bbd p4 ,beck)1 ,frank1 #aicd1 ,a gr\p ( petroglyphs ne> ,moab1 ,utah3 ,santa ,fe1 ,n4 ,mex41 ,el ,palacio1 v4 #cf1 p4 #agg-agh4 ,bre$1 ,jack1 #aidg1 ,utah's ar*es ( /one3 ,natl4 ,geog4 ,mag41 p4 #agc-aib1 ,augu/4 ,case1 ,j4 ,e41 & ,joe/+1 ,h4 ,r41 #aigb1 ,regional geophysical inve/igations 9 ! c5tral ,colorado ,plateau3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,pr(4 ,pap] #gcf1 #cd p4 ,cat]1 ,f4 ,w41 #aigj1 ,geology ( ! salt anticl9e region 9 s\?we/]n ,colorado3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,pr(4 ,pap] #fcg1 #hj p4 ---- #aigb1 ,salt anticl9es )9 ! ,p>adox ,bas91 9 ,geologic atlas ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 region1 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica3 ,d5v]1 ,colo41 ,rocky ,mtn4 ,assoc4 ( ,geologi/s1 p4 #acg1 #ach1 fig4 #d4 ,clel&1 ,h4 ,f41 #aiaj1 ,nor? ,am]ican natural bridges1 ) a discussion ( _! orig9s3 ,geol4 ,soc4 ,am]ica ,bull41 v4 #ba1 p4 #cac-cch4 ,cr&ell1 ,d4 ,r41 #aifi1 ,! geologic /ory ( ,mt4 ,ra9i]3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,bull4 #abib1 #dc p4 ,dane1 ,c4 ,h41 #aice1 ,geology ( ! ,salt ,valley anticl9e & adjac5t areas1 ,gr& ,c\nty1 ,utah3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,bull4 #hfc1 #ahd p4 ,dell5baugh1 ,f4 ,s41 #aijb1 ,! romance ( ! ,colorado ,riv]3 ,new ,york1 ,g4 ,p4 ,putnam's ,sons1 #cii p4 repr9t$ #aifb by ,rio ,gr&e ,press1 ,*icago1 ,ill4 ,ev]h>t1 ,w4 ,c41 #aigb1 ,! ,national ,p>k ,s]vice1 ,praeg] ,libr>y ( ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,dep>tm5ts & ,ag5cies ,no4 #ac3 ,new ,york1 ,praeg] ,publi%]s1 p4 i-xii1 #a-bgf4 ,follansbee1 ,rob]t1 #aibi1 ,upp] ,colorado ,riv] & its utilization3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,wat]-,supply ,pap] #fag1 #cid p4 ,gilluly1 ,james1 ,wat]s1 ,a4 ,c41 & ,wood=d1 ,a4 ,o41 #aifh1 ,pr9ciples ( geology #c;d ed43 ,san ,francisco1 ,w4 ,r4 ,freeman ,co41 #fhe p4 ,hans51 ,w4 ,r41 #aifi1 ,! geologic /ory ( ! ,u9ta ,m\nta9s ) graphics by ,john ,r4 ,/acy3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,bull4 #abia1 #add p4 ,h]ron1 ,w4 ,r41 #aiag1 ,pr(ile surveys 9 ! ,colorado ,riv] ,bas9 9 ,wyom+1 ,utah1 ,colorado1 & ,new ,mexico3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,wat]-,supply ,pap] #cif1 #f p41 #dc pls4 ,hite1 ,r4 ,j41 #aigb1 ,p5nsylvanian rocks1 9 ,geologic atlas ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 region1 ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica3 ,d5v]1 ,colo41 ,rocky ,mtn4 ,assoc4 ( ,geologi/s1 p4 #acc-acg4 ,hite1 ,r4 ,j41 & ,lohman1 ,s4 ,w41 #aigc1 ,geologic appraisal ( ,p>adox bas9 salt deposits = wa/e emplacem5t3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey op5-file report1 #ge p4 ,hunt1 ,alice1 #aief1 ,ar*eology ( s\!a/]n ,utah1 9 ,geology & economic deposits ( ea/-c5tral ,utah3 ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,int]m\nta9 ,assoc4 ( ,petroleum ,geologi/s1 #g? ,ann4 ,field ,conf41 p4 #ac-ah4 ,hunt1 ,c4 ,b41 #aief1 ,c5ozoic geology ( ! ,colorado ,plateau3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,pr(4 ,pap] #bgi1 #ii p4 ---- #aifi1 ,geologic hi/ory ( ! ,colorado ,riv]1 9 ,! ,colorado ,riv] region & ,john ,wesley ,p[ell3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,pr(4 ,pap] #ffi1 p4 ,i-,,iv1 #ei-acj4 ,j5n+s1 ,j4 ,d41 #aigj1 ,canyonl&s-,aborig9es3 ,naturali/1 v4 #ba1 ,summ]1 ,special ,issue no4 #b1 p4 #aj-ae4 ,joe/+1 ,h4 ,r41 ,case1 ,j4 ,e41 & ,pl\ff1 ,donald1 #aiff1 ,regional geophysical inve/igations ( ! ,moab-,ne$les area1 ,utah3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,pr(4 ,pap] #eaf-;,c1 #ba p4 ,keef]1 ,w4 ,r41 #aiga1 ,! geologic /ory ( ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 illu/rat$ by ,john ,r4 ,/acy3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,bull4 #acdg1 #ib p4 #aigb4 ,lans=d1 ,h5ry1 #aigb1 ,boatman 9 ! des]t1 a pass5g]-c>ry+ /]n:eel] 9 canyon c\ntry3 8,empire0 magaz9e ( ! ,d5v] ,po/1 ,nov4 #e1 p4 #ah1 #ai4 ,la ,rue1 ,e4 ,c41 #aiaf1 ,colorado ,riv] & its utilization3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,wat]-,supply ,pap] #cie1 #bca p4 ---- #aibe1 ,wat] p[] & flood control ( ,colorado ,riv] bel[ ,gre5 ,riv]1 ,utah1 ) a =eword by ,hub]t ,"w1 ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior1 p4 #a-ajj4 ,app5dix ,a1 ,a report on wat] supply1 by ,e4 ,c4 ,la ,rue & ,g4 ,f4 ,holbrook1 p4 #aja-abc2 & ,app5dix ,b1 ,a geologic report on ! inn] gorge ( ! ,gr& ,canyon ( ,colorado ,riv]1 by ,r4 ,c4 ,moore1 p4 #abe-aga3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,wat]-,supply ,pap] #eef1 #agf p4 ,lohman1 ,s4 ,w41 #aife1 ,! geologic /ory ( ,colorado ,national ,monum5t ) graphics by ,john ,r4 ,/acy3 ,fruita1 ,colo41 ,colorado & ,black ,canyon ,natural ,hi/ory ,assoc41 #ef p4 ---- #aigd1 ,! geologic /ory ( ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k1 ) graphics by ,john ,r4 ,/acy3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,bull4 #acbg1 #abf p4 ,mc,knight1 ,e4 ,t41 #aidj1 ,geology ( area betwe5 ,gre5 & ,colorado ,riv]s1 ,gr& & ,san ,juan ,c\nties1 ,utah3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,bull4 #ijh1 #adg p4 ,ouellette1 ,c4 ,m41 #aieh1 ,ov] ! top ( ,l&scape ,ar*3 ,des]t ,mag41 p4 #ac-af1 ,m>*4 ,pi]son1 ,lloyd1 #aifj1 ,ar*es ,national ,monum5t1 9 ,geology ( ! ,p>adox bas9 fold & fault belt3 ,durango1 ,colo41 ,f\r ,corn]s ,geol4 ,soc4 ,guidebook1 #c;d ,ann4 ,field ,conf41 p4 #ag-ba4 ,s*aafsma1 ,polly1 #aiga1 ,rock art ( ,utah3 ,cambridge1 ,mass41 ,h>v>d ,univ41 ,pap]s ( ! ,peabody ,museum ( ,ar*aeology & ,e?nology1 v4 #fe1 #afi p4 ,/acy1 ,j4 ,r41 #aifb1 ,%ortcut me?od = ! prep>ation ( %ad$-relief illu/rations1 9 ,%ort pap]s 9 geology1 hydrology1 & topography #aifb3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,pr(4 ,pap] #dej-;,d1 p4 ,d#afd-;,d#afe4 ,/okes1 ,w4 ,l41 #aieb1 ,uranium-vanadium deposits ( ! ,?ompsons area1 ,gr& ,c\nty1 ,utah1 ) emphasis on ! orig9 ( c>notite ores3 ,utah ,geol4 & ,m9]alogical ,survey ,bull4 #df1 #ea p41 ,decemb]4 ---- #aigj1 ,canyonl&s--,geology3 ,naturali/1 v4 #ba1 ,summ]1 ,special ,issue no4 #b1 p4 #c-i4 ,walt]s1 ,h4 ,h41 #aief1 ,pacific ,nor?we/ ,pipel9e--,! sc5ic in*1 9 ,geology & economic deposits ( ea/-c5tral ,utah3 ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,int]m\nta9 ,assoc4 ( ,petroleum ,geologi/s1 p4 #afi-agj4 ,williams1 ,p4 ,l41 #aifd1 ,geology1 /ructure1 & uranium deposits ( ! ,moab quadrangle1 ,colorado & ,utah3 ,u4,s4 ,geol4 ,survey ,misc4 ,geol4 ,inv4 ,map ,i-#cfj4 ,wilson1 ,b4 ,e41 #aief1 ,ar*es ,national ,monum5t1 9 ,geology & economic deposits ( ea/-c5tral ,utah3 ,salt ,lake ,city1 ,int]m\nta9 ,assoc4 ( ,petroleum ,geologi/s1 #g? ,ann4 ,field ,conf41 p4 #ej-ea4 ,wright1 ,j4 ,c41 ,%awe1 ,d4 ,r41 & ,lohman1 ,s4 ,w41 #aifb1 ,def9ition ( memb]s ( ! ,jurassic ,entrada ,s&/one 9 ea/-c5tral ,utah & we/-c5tral ,colorado3 ,bull4 ,am4 ,assoc4 ,petroleum ,geologi/s1 v4 #df1 no4 #aa1 p4 #bjeg-bjgj4 ,illu/ration3 ,petroglyph figure ,footnotes #a,mrs4 ,tann]1 ( ,pho5ix1 ,ariz41 is ! au?or ( an e>li] hi/ory ( ,moab 7h] homet[n74 ,%e has complet$ a revision entitl$1 8,! ,f> ,c\ntry--,a ,regional ,hi/ory ( ,moab & ,la ,sal1 ,utah10 :i* w be s]ializ$ 9 ! ,moab ,times-,indep5d5t1 aft] :i* x w be publi%$4 #b;,= ! b5efit ( visitors f c\ntries 9 :i* ! metric sy/em is us$1 ! foll[+ conv]sion factors may be helpful3 #a in* #b4ed c5timet]s1 #a foot #j4cje met]1 #a mile #a4fji kilomet]s1 #a ,u4,s4 gallon #j4jjcgi cubic met]4 #c;,b>ri] ,creek fl[s ?r\gh ,horse%oe ,canyon 9 ! deta*$ unit ( ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k4 ,! canyon walls are adorn$ by /rik+ pictographs 7,lohman1 #aigd1 fig4 #b74 8,b>ri] ,canyon /yle0 is nam$ aft] ! pictographs f\nd 9 ,horse%oe ,canyon4 #d,pla/ic-relief maps are no long] available f ! ,u4,s4 ,army ,map ,s]vice b may be obta9$ f ! ,t4 ,n4 ,hubb>d ,sci5tific ,co41 ,box #aje1 ,nor?brook1 ,ill4 #fjjfb4 ,a topographic map at a scale ( #a3bej1jjj ( ! ,moab quadrangle & simil> maps at a scale ( #a3fb1ejj = ! ,?ompson1 ,cisco1 ,moab1 & ,ca/le ,valley quadrangles are available f ! ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey1 ,d5v] ,di/ribution ,section1 ,f$]al ,c5t]1 ,d5v]1 ,colo4 #hjbbe1 f ! ,canyonl&s ,natural ,hi/ory ,association at ,moab1 & f privately own$ %ops :]e maps are sold4 ,mo/ ( ! p>k is cov]$ by ! ,?ompson & ,moab quadrangles4 ,! s\!rn "p ( ! p>k is %[n also on ! ,moab #d ,,nw1 ,moab #d ,,ne1 & ,mt4 ,waas #c ,,nw quadrangles at a scale ( #a3bd1jjj4 ,a special topographic map ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k at a scale ( #a3ej1jjj is 9 prep>ation by ! ,u4,s4 ,geological ,survey4 ,^! maps also may be obta9$ f ! above-li/$ s\rces4 #e,?is is numb]$ /op #a 9 ! booklet ref]r$ to e>li] 8,! ,guide to an ,auto ,t\r ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k10 & corresponds to ! num]al "o on a small sign at ! roadside p>k+ place4 ,"s ( ! o!r numb]s are giv5 9 ! pages t foll[4 ,index ,italic page numb]s indicate major ref]5ces ,a ,page ,abajo ,m\nta9s #aja artifacts #i ,abbey1 ,edw>d #c ,aborig9es1 occupation ( area #i ,ackn[l$gm5ts #aje ,anasazi p1 petroglyphs #aj ,anasazi ru9s #i1 #ajc ,ance/ral ,colorado ,riv] #cc ,anomalies1 gravity1 ,salt ,valley #cb ,anticl9es1 salt #ca ,ar*es1 brok5 rema9s #dd examples #df =m] abutm5ts #fh horizontal #dd h[ !y are =m$ #db natural1 def9$ #dj numb] 9 ! p>k #dj1 #da orig9 & developm5t #cg po?ole #dd v]tical #db1 #dd ,artifacts1 ,la ,sal & ,abajo ,m\nta9s #i ,asp9all1 ,wayne1 ,repres5tative #h ,b 8,baby ,ar*0 #df1 #fc1 #hc ,balanc$ ,rock #fi1 #gj1 #gd ,banta1 ,j]ry #aje ,b>-,,dx ,ran* #ab1 #ac1 #ad 8,b>ri] ,canyon /yle0 #aj ,b$d+1 wavy1 ,dewey ,bridge ,memb] #df ,beeson1 ,/ib #ac ,beg9n+ ( a monum5t #a ,b5d+ ( rocks #bd ,b5nett1 ,wallace ,f41 ,s5ator #h ,b]oni1 ,pete #ad1 #ae ,black ,canyon ( ! ,gunnison ,national ,monum5t #ajb ,book ,cliffs #ajj ,break+ ( rocks #bd ,bridge1 natural1 def9$ #dj ,brok5 ,ar* #df1 #gi ,br[n-,/anton exp$ition1 exploration #ae ,bryce ,canyon ,national ,p>k #ajc ,budge1 ,*uck #aje ,c ,ca*e ,valley #ef1 #gc1 #gg ,ca*e ,valley anticl9e #be1 #cb1 #cd1 #ee1 #ajj1 #aja ,ca*e ,valley grab5 #cd1 #ajj ,campgr\nd #hf wat] supply #hg ,cane ,creek anticl9e #bd ,canyon de ,*elly ,national ,monum5t #ajb ,canyon ,k+ #h ,canyon ,l&s ,section1 ,colorado ,plateau #i1 #bb ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k #c1 #i1 #ae1 #ajb ,canyonl&s ,natural ,hi/ory ,association #h ,capitol ,reef ,national ,p>k #ajc ,c>i!rs1 ,joe #aje ,c>mel ,=mation #ajj ,cassidy1 ,but* #ab ,caves1 ,entrada ,s&/one #i ,c$> ,breaks ,national ,monum5t #ajc ,c$> ,mesa ,s&/one ,memb]1 ,cutl] ,=mation #bb1 #ajb ,*9le ,=mation #cb1 #ajj1 #ajb1 #ajc 8,cisco ,cut(f0 #af ,civilian ,cons]vation ,corps #b ,cliff dwell]s #i ,climate1 des]t #ce1 #ea wett]1 diff]5t l&scape produc$ #cg ,collapse1 salt anticl9es #cc1 #cd ,color photographs1 equipm5t us$ #h ,colorado ,national ,monum5t #ajb ,colorado ,plateau1 geologic =mations includ$ #aja rock =mations #ajc1 #ajd subdivisions #ah uranium-vanadium m9+ #ad ,colorado ,plateaus ,prov9ce #ah ,colorado ,riv]1 c\rse e/abli%$ #aja nighttime illum9at$ float trip #af1 #eb ,colorado ,riv] canyon #ce1 #ea1 #eb ,cores1 salt #ajj ,corral m9e #ae ,c\r?\se syncl9e #be1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #eb1 #fc1 #fh1 #ajj ,c\r?\se ,t[]s area #be1 #fc numb] ( ar*es #da ,c\r?\se ,wa% #b1 #c1 #ah1 #ce1 #fc ,cove ,ar* #gj ,cove ( ,caves #gj ,crossb$d+1 ,navajo ,s&/one #fc1 #ff1 #gj ,cutl] ,=mation #cb1 #ajb ,c$> ,mesa ,s&/one ,memb] #bb ,:ite ,rim ,s&/one ,memb] #bb ,d ,d>k ,angel #ib ,de ,*elly ,s&/one ,memb]1 ,cutl] ,=mation #ajb ,dead ,horse ,po9t #cc ,d$ication ( ! p>k #h ,delicate ,ar* #af1 #be1 #gd1 #ge1 #gg ,delicate ,ar* area1 numb] ( ar*es #da ,d5sity1 av]age1 ,p>adox ,memb] #cb ,deposition ( rock mat]ials1 environm5ts #bj ,des]t v>ni% #aj ,developm5t ( ! ar*es #cg ,devils ,g>d5 #b1 #e1 #be1 #gi1 #hc1 #hf f9s #db numb] ( ar*es #da trail #hh1 #ib ,dewey ,bridge #eb ,dewey ,bridge ,memb] #df1 #fc ,entrada ,s&/one1 composition #da 8hoodoos & gobl9s0 #ff p>k road cutt+ #eg ,! ,w9d[s section #ga v]tical ar*es #dd 8,dewey ,road0 #af ,diapir #hc ,diff]5tial erosion #db ,d9osaur ,national ,monum5t #aja1 #ajb ,dissimil>ity ( ,ar*es vs4 ,canyonl&s #bc1 #bd ,d\ble ,ar* #b1 #df1 #gb ,d\ble ,o ,ar* #ij1 #ib1 #ih ,dra9age1 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k #ah ,dry ,mesa #e1 #ef ,e ,eagle ,p>k #be1 #ih numb] ( ar*es #da ,e>ly dwell]s #i ,e>?quake1 rock (fset along b$d+ plane #fc ,egyptian que51 ar* resembl+ #fc ,eis5h[]1 ,dwight ,d41 ,mission #ff #d ,elephant ,butte #gb ,elephant ,butte folds #fh ,elizondo1 ,emmett #ac ,entrada ,s&/one #bc1 #gd1 #ajb1 #ajc ar*es1 modes ( orig9 #db caves #i cut by normal fault #eg ,moab ,memb] #bd no wat] f\nd #hg ,environm5ts ( deposition #bj ,erosion #ii ,colorado ,plateau #cc ,evaporation bas9s #ii ,evaporites #cj ,eye ( ,! ,:ale #fi ,f ,facies *anges #bb 8,fa!r ( ! monum5t10 ,j4 ,w4 ,williams #a1 #d ,faults1 ,ca*e ,valley anticl9e #cd ,salt ,valley anticl9e #cd ,fi]y ,furnace #be1 #db1 #gc1 #gi1 #hc numb] ( ar*es #da ,f9s #fc1 #gi ,float trip1 nighttime illum9at$1 d[n ,colorado ,riv] #eb ,folds #bd1 #cj1 #ajj ,f\r-:eel-drive vehicles #fi ,fractures #bd ,fremont p1 occupation ( area #i pictographs #aj ,fro/1 pry+ action #db ,g ,g>d5 ( ,ed5 #ej1 #fi1 #gj ,gas exploration1 deep te/s #ae1 #ii ,geographic sett+ #ah ,geologic age ( rocks 9 p>k #ih ,geologic ev5ts =m+ ! ,colorado ,plateau #ih ,geologic hi/ory1 summ>y #ih ,geologic ,"t ,spiral #aja1 #ajc ,geology1 at ! p>k entrance #eg ,gl5 ,canyon ,gr\p #eb1 #ajb1 #ajc ,gl5 ,canyon ,national ,recreation ,area #aja1 #ajc ,gobl9 ,valley ,/ate ,p>k #ff1 #ajc ,g\ld1 ,lawr5ce ,m4 #a ,g\ld+1 ,h>ry1 fir/ p]son to drive into ,! ,w9d[s section #b1 #fi ,grab5s #cd ,gr& ,canyon ,national ,p>k & ,national ,monum5t #ajb ,gravity anomalies1 ,salt ,valley #cb ,gre5 ,riv] #ajc ,gr\nd wat] #da 8,guide to an ,auto ,t\r ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k10 7,!7 #e1 #ej1 #ea1 #gb ,gulf ( ,cali=nia #cc ,h ,ha/i]1 7,mrs47 ,hazel ,wolfe #ac ,headqu>t]s area #eg ,h5ry ,m\nta9s #aja ,h]d9a ,p>k #be1 #fi numb] ( ar*es #da ,h]mosa ,=mation1 ,p>adox ,memb] #bc1 #be1 #bi1 #cj1 #cb ,hi/ory1 e>ly #i geologic1 summ>y #ih 8,hoodoos & gobl9s0 #ff1 #ajc ,hoov]1 ,h]b]t1 proclamation #a ,horizontal ar*es #dd ,horse%oe ,canyon1 pictographs #aj ,horse%oe ,canyon ,deta*$ ,unit ( ,canyonl&s #bc ,humid regions1 subdu$ r\nd$ l&=ms #cg ,i ,igne\s rocks #bb1 #ii 8,indian-,head ,ar*0 #ih ,iron 9 ! rocks #bc ,isl& 9 ! ,sky #ajb ,j ,jeep trail #fi1 #gj ,johnson1 ,lyndon ,b41 proclamation #b ,jo9ts #bd1 #cd1 #ajj ,k ,kay5ta ,=mation #ce1 #eb1 #ajb1 #ajc ,k]r1 ,bob #aje ,klondike ,bluffs #be1 #fi1 #hb1 #hc numb] ( ar*es #da ,l ,la ,sal ,m\nta9s #bb1 #fc1 #gg1 #aja artifacts #i ,lake ,mead #cc ,lake ,p[ell #cc ,l& =ms1 =mation 9 ! p>k #cc ,l&scape ,ar* #af1 #gg1 #hh second kn[n asc5t #ij ,l>son1 ,tommy #ac ,lloyd1 ,%]man ,p41 ,repres5tative #h ,lohman1 7,mrs47 ,ru? #aje ,m ,mahan1 ,russel ,l4 #b ,mancos ,%ale #cb1 #ajj ,maxwell1 ,ross ,a41 inve/igation ( caves #i1 #aj ,may1 ,david #dj1 #aje ,meli*1 ,mit*ell1 ,solicitor ,g5]al #h ,mesav]de ,gr\p #cb1 #ajc ,mesav]de ,national ,p>k #ajc ,metamorphic rocks #bb1 #ii ,metric unit conv]sion factors #b ,mikesell1 ,c>l #aje ,mill]1 ,joe #aje ,mission #ff1 presid5tial & congressional support #d ,mississippi ,riv] /]n:eel] replica #h ,moab1 uranium-vanadium mill #ad ,moab bridge #eb ,moab ,canyon #ae1 #ah ,moab fault #bf1 #eg ,moab ,lions ,club #a1 #h 8,moab ,mail ,road0 #af ,moab ,memb]1 ,entrada ,s&/one #bd1 #ce ,entrada ,s&/one1 ,brok5 ,ar* #df composition #da 8,moab panel0 #aj ,moab-,spani% ,valley anticl9e #bf ,moab ,valley #eg ,moab ,valley-,sev5 ,mile anticl9e #ajj1 #aja ,mo5kopi ,=mation #cb1 #ajb1 #ajc ,monoli?s #fc ,monum5t1 beg9n+ #a ,monum5t ,valley #aja1 #ajb ,morrison ,=mation #cb1 #aja ,morton1 ,rog]s ,c4 ,b41 ,secret>y ( ! ,int]ior #h ,moss1 ,frank ,e41 ,s5ator #h ,moss ,back ,memb]1 ,*9le ,=mation #ae ,n ,national ,p>k ,s]vice #h1 #ab1 #dj1 #ge1 #ij ,natural ,bridges ,national ,monum5t #c1 #cg1 #dj1 #ajb ,navajo ,ar* #ij ,navajo ,s&/one #bd1 #ce1 #eb1 #ajc canyon floor #fc crossb$d+ #fc1 #ff1 #gj p>k road cutt+ #eg wat] supply #eg1 #hg ,navajo ,tribe #ajb ,ne$les section1 ,!1 ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k #af1 #ajb ,newell1 7,mrs47 ,max9e #ab1 #aje ,nixon1 ,ri*>d ,m41 ,congressional ,bill #e ,nor? ,w9d[ #dj1 #fh1 #ga ,o ,oil exploration #ae ,cane ,creek anticl9e #bd deep te/s #ii ,orig9 ( ! ar*es #cg ,p ,pacific ,nor?we/ ,pipel9e #ae ,pa9t$ ,des]t #ajb ,panorama ,po9t #gc ,p>ade ( ,elephants #gb ,p>adox bas9 #bc ,p>adox ,memb]1 ,h]mosa ,=mation #bc1 #be1 #bi1 #cj1 #hb1 #ii ,h]mosa ,=mation1 av]age d5sity #cb upw>d intrusion #cd ,p>k1 a trip ?r\gh #eb d$ication #h h[ to see #ej improvem5ts #d ,p>k ,av5ue1 trail #fc ,p>k ,s]vice4 ,see ,national ,p>k ,s]vice4 ,p>tition ,ar* #ij ,petrifi$ dunes #fc1 #ff ,petrifi$ ,=e/ ,national ,p>k #ajb ,petroglyphs1 ,ute #aj1 #ge ,pictographs1 ,fremont p #aj ,p9e ,tree ,ar* #ij ,pion p9es #hf ,pipel9e sc>s1 ,pacific ,nor?we/ ,pipel9e #ae ,plateau1 uplift & erosion #cc ,pota% occurr5ce #ae ,po?ole ,ar* #ej1 #gc ,po?ole ar*es #dd ,p[ell1 ,john ,wesley1 ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k #ae ,pr(essor ,valley #ef ,r ,ra9b[ ,bridge ,national ,monum5t #ajc ,ra9wat] #da1 #db ,rampton1 ,calv9 ,l41 ,utah ,gov]nor #h ,read+1 additional #ajd ,ref]5ces1 select$ #aje ,relief map1 %ad$1 ,ar*es ,national ,p>k1 describ$ #ah1 #ai ,ribbon ,ar* #gb ,ri*>dson ,amphi!at] #ef ,ri*>dson1 ,pr(essor #ef ,rico ,=mation #bc ,rison1 7,mrs47 ,e/h] ,/anley #ac ,rock =mations1 sculptur$ by erosion #ce ,rock op5+s1 natural1 types #cg ,rock types 9 ! p>k #ce ,roosevelt1 ,frankl9 ,d41 proclamation #b ,rumel1 ,hal1 photograph] #gg 8,run1 ,c\g>1 ,run0 #af1 #ef1 #ge ,s ,sag]s ,wa% syncl9e #hf ,salt1 occurr5ce #ae prop]ties critical to =mation ( salt anticl9es #cj ,salt anticl9es #cj1 #ca1 #ajj collapse #cc1 #cd ,salt-be>+ rock #hc ,salt rolls #ca ,salt ,valley #b1 #fh1 #gc1 #gg1 #hb1 #hc1 #ib gravity anomalies #cb ,salt ,valley anticl9e #be1 #cj1 #ca1 #cb1 #gc1 #ajj1 #aja collapse #cd f9s #db ,salt ,valley ,wa% #c1 #gd1 #hb1 #hc ,salt ,wa% #ce1 #ee ,anasazi ru9s #i dra9age #ah grab5s #cd s&/one caves ne> #aj ,salt ,wa% ,s&/one ,memb]1 ,morrison ,=mation #ad ,san ,juan ,bas91 natural gas #ae ,san ,rafael ,swell #aja1 #ajc ,s& ,dune ,ar* #gi ,s&/one f9s #da1 #db ,s*aafsma1 ,polly1 quot$ #aj1 #ab ,sc5ic drive1 ,moab to ,cisco #af 8,sc5ic ,in*10 ,pacific ,nor?we/ ,pipel9e #ae ,s$im5t>y rocks #bj modes ( deposition #ii ,sev5 ,mile-,moab ,valley anticl9e #bf1 #cb1 #eg ,sev5mile ,canyon #ae ,%eep ,rock #fc ,skyl9e ,ar* #hc ,slick ,rock ,memb]1 ,entrada ,s&/one #cd ,entrada ,s&/one1 composition #da high f9s & p9nacles #fc1 #gi1 #hf hik+ trail betwe5 f9s #ij p>k road cutt+ #eg salmon #gg ,! ,w9d[s section #ga ,tunnel ,ar* #df v]tical ar*es #db1 #dd ,slump+ ( s$im5ts1 irregul> #ej ,sn[ #da1 #ea ,sonic booms1 dang]s pos$ to ar*es #af1 #ag ,s\? ,w9d[ #dj1 #fh1 #ga ,spani% explor]s #ab introduction ( horses to ?is c\ntry #aj ,squaw ,flat ,campgr\nd #af ,/anley1 ,e/h] #ac 7,mrs47 ,flora #ac ,volna #ac ,/ev5s1 ,dale ,j4 #dj1 #da1 #fc1 #ij1 #ih ,/rata1 lat]al *anges across ! p>k #bb ,sundance ,kid #ab ,sunset ,crat] ,national ,monum5t #ajc ,sup]sonic flights bann$1 ,moab-,times ,indep5d5t #ag ,susp5sion bridge1 ,colorado ,riv] #af ,t ,tann]1 7,mrs47 ,faun ,mc,conkie #a ,taylor1 ,l4 ,l4 7,bi%7 #a ,temp]atures #ea 8,! ,guide to an ,auto ,t\r ( ,ar*es ,national ,p>k0 #e1 #ej1 #ea1 #gb ,! ,ne$les section1 ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k #af1 #ajb ,! ,w9d[s section #be1 #da1 #df1 #ea1 #ff1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj ,?ree ,gossips #fc ,?ree ,p5gu9s #eg ,t[] ,ar* #hc ,tunnel ,ar* #dj1 #df1 #ij ,turnb[1 ,m>y #a ,turnb[ cab9 #ac ,turret ,ar* #fh1 #ga ,u ,uncompahgre ,highl& #bc1 #ii1 #ajj ,uncompahgre ,plateau #bc1 #ii ,uplift1 ,colorado ,plateau #cc ,upp] ,devils ,g>d5 #ih numb] ( ar*es #da ,uranium m9es #ad ,ute petroglyphs #aj1 #ge ,v ,vanadium m9es #ad ,vegetation #cg ,v]tical ar*es #db1 #dd ,visitor ,c5t] #ej1 #ea1 #eg1 #hf ,volz1 ,j4 ,leon>d #h ,w ,walk]1 ,le/] #ac ,wall ,ar* #ij ,walt ,disney crew1 8,run1 ,c\g>1 ,run0 #ge ,wasat* ,=mation #cb ,wat] supply1 ,navajo ,s&/one #eg to ! campgr\nd #hg ,:ite ,rim ,s&/one ,memb]1 ,cutl] ,=mation #bb ,wild ,bun*1 ,! #ab ,williams1 ,j4 ,w4 #a1 #d ,wilson1 ,bates #a1 #c1 #aje ,wilson1 7,mrs47 ,bates #c ,w9d[s1 di/+ui%$ f ar*es #dj ,w9d[s section1 ,! #be1 #df1 #ea1 #ff1 #fh1 #fi1 #gj numb] ( ar*es #da ,w+ate ,s&/one #ce1 #hg1 #ajb1 #ajc ,wir?1 ,conrad ,l4 #d ,wolfe cab9 #a1 #c1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad ,wolfe1 ,fr$ #ab1 #ac ,wolfe1 ,john ,wesley #ab1 #ac ,wolfe's ,b>-,,dx ,ran* #i1 #aj1 #ad1 #gd1 #ge ,wupatki ,national ,monum5t #ajb ,y ,yell[ ,cat area 7,?ompson's area7 #ad ,yell[ ,cat ,flat #hf ,yell[ ,cat m9+ di/rict #hc ,z ,zion ,national ,p>k #ajc ,u4,s4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,pr9t+ ,,(fice3 #aige--fgi-ach ,illu/ration3 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 ,m>* #c1 #ahdi ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ edition3 ?is e,book is public-doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4 --,correct$ a few palpable typos4 --,includ$ a transcription ( ! text )9 "s images4 --,9 ! text v]sions only1 text 9 italics is delimit$ by und]scores4 --,! ,,html v]sion conta9s relative hyp]l9ks to a companion volume on ,canyonl&s ,national ,p>k1 ,gut5b]g e,book #eajdh4 --,a ?ird book 9 ! s]ies1 on ,colorado ,national ,monum5t1 0 revis$ aft] ?is book 0 pr9t$4