,,frontispiece4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ruff & ,,hon\rs 7f ! ,compleat ,game/] #afhj74 ,la/ly1 obs]ve ! ,wom5 ) :at grace ,!y sit1 & look _! ,p>tn]s 9 ! face1 ,:o f _! eyes %oot ,cupids fi]y d>ts2 ,?us make !m lose at once _! ,game & ,he>ts4 ,illu/ration3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,! ,,laws ,,& ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,:i/ ,,/at$ ,,& ,,expla9$ ,,& ,,its ,,practice ,,illu/rat$ ,,on ,,an ,,orig9al ,,sy/em ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,h&s ,,play$ ,,completely ,,?r\gh4 ,,by ,,cav5di%4 ,,eighte5? ,,edition4 ,,london3 ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue ,,co4 #ahhi4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,?omas ,,de ,,la ,,rue ,,& ,,co41 ,,bunhill ,,r[1 ,,london4 ,,d$ication ,,to ,,! ,,n9? ,,edition4 ,,james ,,clay1 ,,esq41 ,m4,p4 7,*airman ( ! ,:i/ ,laws ,committee ( ! ,arl+ton ,club1 #ahfd17 ,?is ,book ,,is ,,cordially ,,d$icat$ ,,by ,,8 ,,s9c]e ,,fri5d1 ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,d$ication ,,to ,,! ,,t5? ,,edition4 -------------------------------- ,to ! memory ,,( ,,james ,,clay -------------------------------- ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,fir/ ,,edition4 ,x has (t5 occurr$ to ! ,au?or t !re are two pr9cipal defects 9 ! exi/+ treatises on ! game ( ,:i/--! "o t ! pr9ciples ( play are1 9 g5]al1 laid d[n z s _m isolat$ & arbitr>y conv5tions1 ! reasons ^u :i* su* pr9ciples are bas$ be+ seldom1 if at all1 & sc>cely ev] fully1 /at$2 ! o!r1 t suitable illu/rations1 by :i* alone ! pr9ciples c be br\ght =cibly home & fix$ 9 ! memory1 are almo/ entirely want+4 ,! pres5t "w is an attempt to supply ^! defici5cies4 ,) reg>d to ! latt]1 ! ,au?or feels t no?+1 9 po9t ( illu/ration ( pr9ciples1 c be s in/ructive z a selection ( h&s play$ completely ?r\gh1 & accompani$ by copi\s explanations4 ,! idea1 x is believ$1 z appli$ to ,:i/1 is a new "o1 ?\gh a simil> plan has long be5 9 use 9 treatises on ,*ess4 ,x has n be5 deem$ necess>y to occupy space by detail+ ! mode ( play+ & ( scor+1 z ?is in=mation c be readily acquir$ at ! table4 ,! read] is1 !re=e1 cr$it$ ) ?is elem5t>y k1 & is conduct$ at once to ! ,g5]al ,pr9ciples1 :i* he is advis$ to consid] c>efully be=e proce$+ to ! ,h&s4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,sixte5? ,,edition4 ,! att5tion ( ! ,read] is p>ticul>ly direct$ to ,app5dix ,a1 explanatory ( ,am]ican ,leads4 ,! ,au?or is firmly conv9c$ t ,am]ican ,leads are f\nd$ on true pr9ciples ( :i/ play1 & !y !re=e h 8 he>ty approval4 ,b1 he hesitates to insi/ ^u ^! leads 9 ! body ( ! ,pr9ciples1 z !y h n yet met ) univ]sal1--&1 p]haps1 h>dly ) g5]al1--acceptance4 ,! advanc$ play] is also invit$ to consid]1 ) c>e1 ,app5dix ,b1 :i* treats briefly ( ,! ,pla9-,suit ,e*o4 ,,preface ,,to ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,edition4 ,! advanc$ play] is invit$ to consid]1 ) c>e1 ,app5dix ,c1 :i* treats ( ! leads f ace1 k+1 & f k+1 que5 suits4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,:i/ #a ,,etiquette ,,( ,,:i/ #ai ,,cases ,,& ,,decisions #bb ,,hi/orical #ca ,,"p ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,h& ,,or ,,lead4 ,,orig9al ,,leads #ef ,,leads ,,f ,,/rong ,,suits #ef ,,f ,,sequ5ces #fb ,,analysis ,,(1 ,,9 ,,detail #fd ,,f ,,weak ,,suits #gb ,,at ,,advanc$ ,,p]iods #gd ,,return$ ,,leads #gi ,,! ,,second ,,h&4 ,,play ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,h& #hb ,,) ,,/rong ,,suits #hb ,,) ,,sequ5ces #hc ,,analysis ,,(1 ,,9 ,,detail #he ,,! ,,?ird ,,h&4 ,,play ,,( ,,! ,,?ird ,,h& ,,:5 ,,! ,,lead ,,is ,,f ,,/rong ,,suits #ib ,,play ,,( ,,! ,,?ird ,,h& ,,:5 ,,! ,,lead ,,is ,,f ,,weak ,,suits #ic ,,f9ess+ #ib ,,! ,,f\r? ,,h&4 ,,play ,,( ,,! ,,f\r? ,,h& #if ,,! ,,comm& ,,( ,,suits #if ,,und]play #aja ,,disc>d+ #ajd ,,! ,,conv]sation ,,( ,,! ,,game #ajh ,,trumps4 ,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,trumps #aai ,,lead+ ,,trumps #abj ,,ask+ ,,= ,,trumps #abe ,,trump+ #abi ,,=c+ #aca ,,play+ ,,to ,,! ,,score #acd ,,draw+ ,,inf]5ces #acd ,,c\ps #ada ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,h&s #aef ,,app5dix ,a4 ,,am]ican ,,leads #bha ,,app5dix ,b4 ,,! ,,pla9-,,suit ,,e*o #bhg ,,app5dix ,c4 ,,on ,,! ,,orig9al ,,lead ,,( ,,k+ #bhi ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,:i/4 ,,by ,,p]mission1 ,,v]batim ,,f ,,! ,,club ,,code4 ,,! ,,foot ,,notes ,,are ,,add$ ,,by ,,! ,,au?or4 ,,! ,,rubb]4 #a4 ,! rubb] is ! be/ ( ?ree games4 ,if ! fir/ two games be won by ! same play]s1 ! ?ird game is n play$4 ,,scor+4 #b4 ,a game consi/s ( five po9ts4 ,ea* trick1 above six1 c\nts "o po9t4 #c4 ,hon\rs1 i4e41 ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 & ,knave ( trumps1 are ?us reckon$3 ,if a play] & 8 p>tn]1 ei!r sep>ately or conjo9tly1 hold-- ,i4 ,! f\r hon\rs1 !y score f\r po9ts4 ,,ii4 ,any ?ree hon\rs1 !y score two po9ts4 ,,iii4 ,only two hon\rs1 !y d n score4 #d4 ,^? play]s1 :o1 at ! comm5cem5t ( a deal1 are at ! score ( f\r1 _c score hon\rs4 #e4 ,! p5alty = a revoke#a takes prec$5ce ( all o!r scores4 ,tricks score next4 ,hon\rs la/4 #f4 ,hon\rs1 unless claim$ be=e ! trump c>d ( ! foll[+ deal is turn$ up1 _c be scor$4 #g4 ,to score hon\rs is n suffici5t2 !y mu/ be call$ at ! end ( ! h&2 if s call$1 !y may be scor$ at any "t dur+ ! game4 #h4 ,! w9n]s ga9-- ,i4 ,a treble1 or game ( ?ree po9ts1 :5 _! adv]s>ies h n scor$4 ,,ii4 ,a d\ble1 or game ( two po9ts1 :5 _! adv]s>ies h scor$ less ?an ?ree4 ,,iii4 ,a s+le1 or game ( "o po9t1 :5 _! adv]s>ies h scor$ ?ree1 or f\r4 #i4 ,! w9n]s ( ! rubb] ga9 two po9ts 7commonly call$ ! rubb] po9ts71 9 addition to ! value ( _! games4 #aj4 ,%\ld ! rubb] h consi/$ ( ?ree games1 ! value ( ! los]s' game is d$uct$ f ! gross numb] ( po9ts ga9$ by _! oppon5ts4 #aa4 ,if an errone\s score be prov$1 su* mi/ake c be correct$ prior to ! conclusion ( ! game 9 :i* x occurr$1 & su* game is n conclud$ until ! trump c>d ( ! foll[+ deal has be5 turn$ up4 #ab4 ,if an errone\s score1 affect+ ! am\nt ( ! rubb]1#b be prov$1 su* mi/ake c be rectifi$ at any "t dur+ ! rubb]4 ,,cutt+4 #ac4 ,! ace is ! l[e/ c>d4 #ad4 ,9 all cases1 e "o mu/ cut f ! same pack4 #ae4 ,%\ld a play] expose m ?an "o c>d1 he mu/ cut aga94 ,,=mation ,,( ,,table4 #af4 ,if !re are m ?an f\r c&idates1 ! play]s are select$ by cutt+3 ^? fir/ 9 ! room hav+ ! pref]5ce4 ,! f\r :o cut ! l[e/ c>ds play fir/1 & aga9 cut to decide on p>tn]s2 ! two l[e/ play aga9/ ! two highe/2 ! l[e/ is ! deal]1 :o has *oice ( c>ds & seats1 &1 hav+ once made 8 selection1 mu/ abide by x4 #ag4 ,:5 !re are m ?an six c&idates1 ^? :o cut ! two next l[e/ c>ds belong to ! table1 :i* is complete ) six play]s2 on ! retirem5t ( "o ( ^? six play]s1 ! c&idate :o cut ! next l[e/ c>d has a prior "r to any aft]-com] to ent] ! table4 ,,cutt+ ,,c>ds ,,( ,,equal ,,value4 #ah4 ,two play]s cutt+ c>ds ( equal value1#c unless su* c>ds are ! two highe/1 cut aga92 %\ld !y be ! two l[e/1 a fre% cut is necess>y to decide :i* ( ^? two deals4#d #ai4 ,?ree play]s cutt+ c>ds ( equal value cut aga92 %\ld ! f\r? 7or rema9+7 c>d be ! highe/1 ! two l[e/ ( ! new cut are p>tn]s1 ! l[] ( ^? two ! deal]2 %\ld ! f\r? c>d be ! l[e/1 ! two highe/ are p>tn]s1 ! orig9al l[e/ ! deal]4#e ,,cutt+ ,,out4 #bj4 ,at ! end ( a rubb]1 %\ld admission be claim$ by any "o1 or by two c&idates1 he :o has1 or !y :o h1 play$ a great] numb] ( consecutive rubb]s ?an ! o!rs is1 or are1 out2 b :5 all h play$ ! same numb]1 !y mu/ cut to decide ^u ! out-go]s2 ! highe/ are out4 ,,entry ,,& ,,re-,,entry4 #ba4 ,a c&idate wi%+ to ent] a table mu/ decl>e su* int5tion prior to any ( ! play]s hav+ cut a c>d1 ei!r = ! purpose ( comm5c+ a fre% rubb]1 or ( cutt+ out4 #bb4 ,9 ! =mation ( fre% tables1 ^? c&idates :o h nei!r belong$ to nor play$ at any o!r table h ! prior "r ( entry2 ! o!rs decide _! "r ( admission by cutt+4 #bc4 ,any "o quitt+ a table prior to ! conclusion ( a rubb]1 may1 ) cons5t ( ! o!r ?ree play]s1 appo9t a sub/itute 9 8 abs5ce dur+ t rubb]4 #bd4 ,a play] cutt+ into "o table1 :il/ belong+ to ano!r1 loses 8 "r#f ( re-entry into t latt]1 & takes 8 *ance ( cutt+ 91 z if he 7 a fre% c&idate4#g #be4 ,if any "o break up a table1 ! rema9+ play]s h ! prior "r to him ( entry into any o!r1 & %\ld !re n be suffici5t vacancies at su* o!r table to admit all ^? c&idates1 !y settle _! prec$5ce by cutt+4 ,,%uffl+4 #bf4 ,! pack mu/ nei!r be %uffl$ bel[ ! table nor s t ! face ( any c>d be se54 #bg4 ,! pack mu/ n be %uffl$ dur+ ! play ( ! h&4 #bh4 ,a pack1 hav+ be5 play$ )1 mu/ nei!r be %uffl$1 by deal+ x into packets1 nor across ! table4 #bi4 ,ea* play] has a "r to %uffle1 once only1 except z provid$ by ,rule #cb1 prior to a deal1 aft] a false cut1#h or :5 a new deal#i has occurr$4 #cj4 ,! deal]'s p>tn] mu/ collect ! c>ds = ! ensu+ deal1 & has ! fir/ "r to %uffle t pack4 #ca4 ,ea* play]1 aft] %uffl+1 mu/ place ! c>ds1 prop]ly collect$ & face d[nw>ds1 to ! left ( ! play] ab\t to deal4 #cb4 ,! deal] has always ! "r to %uffle la/2 b %\ld a c>d or c>ds be se5 dur+ 8 %uffl+ or :il/ giv+ ! pack to be cut1 he may be compell$ to re-%uffle4 ,,! ,,deal4 #cc4 ,ea* play] deals 9 8 turn2 ! "r ( deal+ goes to ! left4 #cd4 ,! play] on ! deal]'s "r cuts ! pack1 & 9 divid+ x1 mu/ n leave few] ?an f\r c>ds 9 ei!r packet2 if 9 cutt+1 or 9 replac+ "o ( ! two packets on ! o!r1 a c>d be expos$1#aj or if !re be any confusion ( ! c>ds1 or a d\bt z to ! exact place 9 :i* ! pack 0 divid$1 !re mu/ be a fre% cut4 #ce4 ,:5 a play]1 ^: duty x is to cut1 has once sep>at$ ! pack1 he _c alt] 8 int5tion2 he c nei!r re-%uffle nor re-cut ! c>ds4 #cf4 ,:5 ! pack is cut1 %\ld ! deal] %uffle ! c>ds1 he loses 8 deal4 ,a ,,new ,,deal4 #cg4 ,!re mu/ be a new deal#aa-- ,i4 ,if1 dur+ a deal1 or dur+ ! play ( a h&1 ! pack be prov$ incorrect or imp]fect4 ,,ii4 ,if any c>d1 except+ ! la/1 be fac$ 9 ! pack4 #ch4 ,if1 :il/ deal+1 a c>d be expos$ by ! deal] or 8 p>tn]1 %\ld nei!r ( ! adv]s>ies h t\*$ ! c>ds1 ! latt] c claim a new deal2 a c>d expos$ by ei!r adv]s>y gives t claim to ! deal]1 provid$ t 8 p>tn] has n t\*$ a c>d2 if a new deal does n take place1 ! expos$ c>d _c be call$4 #ci4 ,if1 dur+ deal+1 a play] t\* any ( 8 c>ds1 ! adv]s>ies may d ! same1 )\t los+ _! privilege ( claim+ a new deal1 %\ld *ance give !m su* option4 #dj4 ,if1 9 deal+1 "o ( ! la/ c>ds be expos$1 & ! deal] turn up ! trump be=e !re is reasonable "t = 8 adv]s>ies to decide z to a fre% deal1 !y d n !reby lose _! privilege4 #da4 ,if a play]1 :il/ deal+1 look at ! trump c>d1 8 adv]s>ies h a "r to see x1 & may exact a new deal4 #db4 ,if a play] take into ! h& dealt to him a c>d belong+ to ! o!r pack1 ! adv]s>ies1 on discov]y ( ! error1 may decide :e!r !y w h a fre% deal or n4 ,a ,,misdeal4 #dc4 ,a misdeal loses ! deal4#ab #dd4 ,x is a misdeal#ac-- ,i4 ,unless ! c>ds are dealt into f\r packets1 "o at a "t 9 regul> rotation1 beg9n+ ) ! play] to ! deal]'s left4 ,,ii4 ,%\ld ! deal] place ! la/ 7i4e41 ! trump7 c>d1 face d[nw>ds1 on 8 own1 or any o!r pack4 ,,iii4 ,%\ld ! trump c>d n come 9 its regul> ord] to ! deal]2 b he does n lose 8 deal if ! pack be prov$ imp]fect4 ,,iv4 ,%\ld a play] h f\rte5#ad c>ds1 & ei!r ( ! o!r ?ree less ?an ?irte54#ae ,v4 ,%\ld ! deal]1 "u an impression t he has made a mi/ake1 ei!r c\nt ! c>ds on ! table1 or ! rema9d] ( ! pack4 ,,vi4 ,%\ld ! deal] deal two c>ds at once1 or two c>ds to ! same h&1 & !n deal a ?ird2 b if1 prior to deal+ t ?ird c>d1 ! deal] c1 by alt]+ ! position ( "o c>d only1 rectify su* error1 he may d s1 except z provid$ by ! second p>agraph ( ?is ,law4 ,,vii4 ,%\ld ! deal] omit to h ! pack cut to him1 & ! adv]s>ies discov] ! error1 prior to ! trump c>d be+ turn$ up1 & be=e look+ at _! c>ds1 b n aft] hav+ done s4 #de4 ,a misdeal does n lose ! deal if1 dur+ ! deal+1 ei!r ( ! adv]s>ies t\* ! c>ds prior to ! deal]'s p>tn] hav+ done s1 b %\ld ! latt] h fir/ int]f]$ ) ! c>ds1 not)/&+ ei!r or bo? ( ! adv]s>ies h subsequ5tly done ! same1 ! deal is lo/4 #df4 ,%\ld ?ree play]s h _! "r numb] ( c>ds--! f\r? h less ?an ?irte51 & n discov] su* defici5cy until he has play$ any ( 8 c>ds1#af ! deal /&s good2 %\ld he h play$1 he is z answ]able = any revoke he may h made z if ! miss+ c>d1 or c>ds1 _h be5 9 8 h&2#ag he may se>* ! o!r pack = x1 or !m4 #dg4 ,if a pack1 dur+ or aft] a rubb]1 be prov$ incorrect or imp]fect1 su* pro( does n alt] any pa/ score1 game1 or rubb]2 t h& 9 :i* ! imp]fection 0 detect$ is null & void2 ! deal] deals aga94 #dh4 ,any "o deal+ out ( turn1 or ) ! adv]s>y's c>ds1 may be /opp$ be=e ! trump c>d is turn$ up1 aft] :i* ! game mu/ proce$ z if no mi/ake _h be5 made4 #di4 ,a play] c nei!r %uffle1 cut1 nor deal = 8 p>tn]1 )\t ! p]mission ( 8 oppon5ts4 #ej4 ,if ! adv]s>ies int]rupt a deal] :il/ deal+1 ei!r by que/ion+ ! score or ass]t+ t x is n 8 deal1 & fail to e/abli% su* claim1 %\ld a misdeal occur1 he may deal aga94 #ea4 ,%\ld a play] take 8 p>tn]'s deal1 & misdeal1 ! latt] is liable to ! usual p5alty1 & ! adv]s>y next 9 rotation to ! play] :o ought to h dealt !n deals4 ,,! ,,trump ,,c>d4 #eb4 ,! deal]1 :5 x is 8 turn to play to ! fir/ trick1 %\ld take ! trump c>d into 8 h&2 if left on ! table aft] ! fir/ trick be turn$ & quitt$1 x is liable to be call$2#ah 8 p>tn] may at any "t rem9d him ( ! liability4 #ec4 ,aft] ! deal] has tak5 ! trump c>d into 8 h&1 x _c be ask$ =2#ai a play] nam+ x at any "t dur+ ! play ( t h& is liable to h 8 highe/ or l[e/ trump call$4#bj #ed4 ,if ! deal] take ! trump c>d into 8 h& be=e x is 8 turn to play1 he may be desir$ to lay x on ! table2 %\ld he %[ a wrong c>d1 ?is c>d may be call$1 z also a second1 a ?ird1 c41 until ! trump c>d be produc$4 #ee4 ,if ! deal] decl>e himself unable to recollect ! trump c>d1 8 highe/ or l[e/ trump may be call$ at any "t dur+ t h&1 &1 unless x cause him to revoke1 mu/ be play$2 ! call may be repeat$1 b n *ang$1 i4e41 f highe/ to l[e/1 or vice v]s1 until su* c>d is play$4 ,,c>ds ,,liable ,,to ,,be ,,call$4 #ef4 ,all expos$ c>ds are liable to be call$1 & mu/ be left#ba on ! table2 b a c>d is n an expos$ c>d :5 dropp$ on ! floor1 or else:]e bel[ ! table4 ,! foll[+ are expos$#bb c>ds3-- ,i4 ,two or m c>ds play$ at once4#bc ,,ii4 ,any c>d dropp$ ) its face upw>ds1 or 9 any way expos$ on or above ! table1 ev5 ?\gh snat*$ up s quickly t no "o c "n x4 #eg4 ,if any "o play to an imp]fect trick ! be/ c>d on ! table1#bd or lead "o :i* is a w9n+ c>d z aga9/ 8 adv]s>ies1 & !n lead aga91#be or play sev]al su* w9n+ c>ds1 "o aft] ! o!r1 )\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play1 ! latt] may be call$ on to w91 if he c1 ! fir/ or any o!r ( ^? tricks1 & ! o!r c>ds ?us improp]ly play$ are expos$ c>ds4 #eh4 ,if a play]1 or play]s1 "u ! impression t ! game is lo/--or won--or = o!r reasons--?r[ 8 or _! c>ds on ! table face upw>ds1 su* c>ds are expos$1 & liable to be call$1 ea* play]'s by ! adv]s>y2 b %\ld "o play] alone reta9 8 h&1 he _c be =c$ to ab&on x4 #ei4 ,if all f\r play]s ?r[ _! c>ds on ! table face upw>ds1 ! h&s are ab&on$2 & no "o c aga9 take up 8 c>ds4 ,%\ld ?is g5]al exhibition %[ t ! game might h be5 sav$1 or won1 nei!r claim c be ent]ta9$1 unless a revoke be e/abli%$4 ,! revok+ play]s are !n liable to ! foll[+ p5alties3 !y _c "u any circum/ances w9 ! game by ! result ( t h&1 & ! adv]s>ies may add ?ree to _! score1 or d$uct ?ree f t ( ! revok+ play]s4 #fj4 ,a c>d deta*$ f ! re/ ( ! h& s z to be nam$ is liable to be call$2 b %\ld ! adv]s>y "n a wrong c>d1 he is liable to h a suit call$ :5 he or 8 p>tn] h ! lead4#bf #fa4 ,if a play]1 :o has r5d]$ himself liable to h ! highe/ or l[e/ ( a suit call$1 fail to play z desir$1 or if :5 call$ on to lead "o suit1 lead ano!r1 hav+ 9 8 h& "o or m c>ds ( t suit dem&$1 he incurs ! p5alty ( a revoke4 #fb4 ,if any play] lead out ( turn1 8 adv]s>ies may ei!r call ! c>d errone\sly l$--or may call a suit f him or 8 p>tn] :5 x is next ! turn ( ei!r ( !m#bg to lead4 #fc4 ,if any play] lead out ( turn1 & ! o!r ?ree h foll[$ him1 ! trick is complete1 & ! error _c be rectifi$2 b if only ! second1 or ! second & ?ird1 h play$ to ! false lead1 _! c>ds1 on discov]y ( ! mi/ake1 are tak5 back2 !re is no p5alty aga9/ any "o1 except+ ! orig9al (f5d]1 ^: c>d may be call$--or he1 or 8 p>tn]1 :5 ei!r ( !m#bh has next ! lead1 may be compell$ to play any suit dem&$ by ! adv]s>ies4 #fd4 ,9 no case c a play] be compell$ to play a c>d :i* w\ld oblige him to revoke4 #fe4 ,! call ( a c>d may be repeat$#bi until su* c>d has be5 play$4 #ff4 ,if a play] call$ on to lead a suit h none ( x1 ! p5alty is paid4 ,,c>ds ,,play$ ,,9 ,,error1 ,,or ,,n ,,play$ ,,to ,a ,,trick4 #fg4 ,if ! ?ird h& play be=e ! second1 ! f\r? h& may play be=e 8 p>tn]4 #fh4 ,%\ld ! ?ird h& n h play$1 & ! f\r? play be=e 8 p>tn]1 ! latt] may be call$ on to w91 or n to w9 ! trick4 #fi4 ,if any "o omit play+ to a =m] trick1 & su* error be n discov]$ until he has play$ to ! next1 ! adv]s>ies may claim a new deal2 %\ld !y decide t ! deal /& good1 ! surplus c>d at ! end ( ! h& is consid]$ to h be5 play$ to ! imp]fect trick1 b does n con/itute a revoke !re94 #gj4 ,if any "o play two c>ds to ! same trick1 or mix 8 trump1 or o!r c>d1 ) a trick to :i* x does n prop]ly belong1 & ! mi/ake be n discov]$ until ! h& is play$ out1 he is answ]able = all consequ5t revokes he may h made4#cj ,if1 dur+ ! play ( ! h&1 ! error be detect$1 ! tricks may be c\nt$ face d[nw>ds1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :e!r !re be among !m a c>d too _m3 %\ld ?is be ! case !y may be se>*$1 & ! c>d re/or$2 ! play] is1 h[ev]1 liable = all revokes :i* he may h mean:ile made4 ,,! ,,revoke4 #ga4 ,is :5 a play]1 hold+ "o or m c>ds ( ! suit l$1 plays a c>d ( a diff]5t suit4#ca #gb4 ,! p5alty = a revoke3-- ,i4 ,is at ! option ( ! adv]s>ies1 :o1 at ! end ( ! h&1 may ei!r take ?ree tricks f ! revok+ play]#cb--or d$uct ?ree po9ts f 8 score--or add ?ree to _! own score2 ,,ii4 ,c be claim$ = z _m revokes z occur dur+ ! h&2 ,,iii4 ,is applicable only to ! score ( ! game 9 :i* x occurs2 ,,iv4 ,_c be divid$1 i4e41 a play] _c add "o or two to 8 own score & d$uct "o or two f ! revok+ play]2 ,v4 ,takes prec$5ce ( e o!r score1 e4g41--,! claimants two--_! oppon5ts no?+--! =m] add ?ree to _! score--& !reby w9 a treble game1 ev5 %\ld ! latt] h made ?irte5 tricks1 & held f\r hon\rs4 #gc4 ,a revoke is e/abli%$1 if ! trick 9 :i* x occur be turn$ & quitt$1 i4e41 ! h& remov$ f t trick aft] x has be5 turn$ face d[nw>ds on ! table--or if ei!r ! revok+ play] or 8 p>tn]1 :e!r 9 8 "r turn or o!rwise1 lead or play to ! foll[+ trick4 #gd4 ,a play] may ask 8 p>tn] :e!r he has n a c>d ( ! suit :i* he has r5\nc$2 %\ld ! "q be ask$ be=e ! trick is turn$ & quitt$1 subsequ5t turn+ & quitt+ does n e/abli% ! revoke1 & ! error may be correct$1 unless ! "q be answ]$ 9 ! negative1 or unless ! revok+ play] or 8 p>tn] h l$ or play$ to ! foll[+ trick4 #ge4 ,at ! end ( ! h&1 ! claimants ( a revoke may se>* all ! tricks4#cc #gf4 ,if a play] discov] 8 mi/ake 9 "t to save a revoke1 ! adv]s>ies1 :5ev] !y ?9k fit1 may call ! c>d ?us play$ 9 error1 or may require him to play 8 highe/ or l[e/ c>d to t trick 9 :i* he has r5\nc$2--any play] or play]s :o h play$ aft] him may )draw _! c>ds & sub/itute o!rs3 ! c>ds )drawn are n liable to be call$4 #gg4 ,if a revoke be claim$1 & ! accus$ play] or 8 p>tn] mix ! c>ds be=e !y h be5 suffici5tly exam9$ by ! adv]s>ies1 ! revoke is e/abli%$4 ,! mix+ ( ! c>ds only r5d]s ! pro( ( a revoke difficult1 b does n prev5t ! claim1 & possible e/abli%m5t1 ( ! p5alty4 #gh4 ,a revoke _c be claim$ aft] ! c>ds h be5 cut = ! foll[+ deal4 #gi4 ,! revok+ play] & 8 p>tn] may1 "u all circum/ances1 require ! h& 9 :i* ! revoke has be5 detect$ to be play$ out4 #hj4 ,if a revoke occur1 be claim$ & prov$1 bets on ! odd trick1 or on am\nt ( score1 mu/ be decid$ by ! actual /ate ( ! latt]1 aft] ! p5alty is paid4 #ha4 ,%\ld ! play]s on bo? sides subject !mselves to ! p5alty ( "o or m revokes1 nei!r c w9 ! game2 ea* is puni%$ at ! discretion ( 8 adv]s>y4#cd #hb4 ,9 :atev] way ! p5alty be en=c$1 "u no circum/ances c a play] w9 ! game by ! result ( ! h& dur+ :i* he has revok$2 he _c score m ?an f\r4 7,vide ,rule #fa47 ,,call+ ,,= ,,new ,,c>ds4 #hc4 ,any play] 7on pay+ = !m7 be=e1 b n aft]1 ! pack be cut = ! deal1 may call = fre% c>ds4 ,he mu/ call = two new packs1 ( :i* ! deal] takes 8 *oice4 ,,g5]al ,,rules4 #hd4 ,:]e a play] & 8 p>tn] h an option ( exact+ f _! adv]s>ies "o ( two p5alties1 !y %\ld agree :o is to make ! election1 b mu/ n consult ) "o ano!r :i* ( ! two p5alties x is advisable to exact2 if !y d s consult !y lose _! "r2#ce & if ei!r ( !m1 ) or )\t cons5t ( 8 p>tn]1 dem& a p5alty to :i* he is entitl$1 su* decision is f9al4 ,?is rule does n apply 9 exact+ ! p5alties = a revoke2 p>tn]s h !n a "r to consult4 #he4 ,any "o dur+ ! play ( a trick1 or aft] ! f\r c>ds are play$1 & be=e1 b n aft]1 !y are t\*$ = ! purpose ( ga!r+ !m toge!r1 may dem& t ! c>ds be plac$ be=e _! respective play]s4 #hf4 ,if any "o1 prior to 8 p>tn] play+1 %\ld call att5tion to ! trick--ei!r by say+ t x is 81 or by nam+ 8 c>d1 or1 )\t be+ requir$ s to d1 by draw+ x t[>ds him--! adv]s>ies may require t oppon5t's p>tn] to play ! highe/ or l[e/ ( ! suit !n l$1 or to w9 or lose#cf ! trick4 #hg4 ,9 all cases :]e a p5alty has be5 incurr$1 ! (f5d] is b\nd to give reasonable "t = ! decision ( 8 adv]s>ies4 #hh4 ,if a by/&] make any rem>k :i* calls ! att5tion ( a play] or play]s to an ov]sight affect+ ! score1 he is liable to be call$ on1 by ! play]s only1 to pay ! /akes & all bets on t game or rubb]4 #hi4 ,a by/&]1 by agreem5t among ! play]s1 may decide any "q4 #ij4 ,a c>d or c>ds torn or m>k$ mu/ be ei!r replac$ by agreem5t1 or new c>ds call$ at ! exp5se ( ! table4 #ia4 ,any play] may dem& to see ! la/ trick turn$1 & no m4 ,"u no circum/ances c m ?an eight c>ds be se5 dur+ ! play ( ! h&1 viz43 ! f\r c>ds on ! table :i* h n be5 turn$ & quitt$1 & ! la/ trick turn$4 ,,footnotes3 #a ,vide ,law #gb4 #b e4g4 ,if a s+le is scor$ by mi/ake = a d\ble or treble1 or vice v]s4 #c ,9 cutt+ = p>tn]s4 #d ,example4 ,a ?ree1 two sixes1 & a knave are cut4 ,! two sixes cut aga91 & ! l[e/ plays ) ! ?ree4 ,suppose at ! second cut1 ! two sixes cut a k+ & a que51 ! que5 plays ) ! ?ree4 ,if at ! second cut a l[] c>d ?an ! ?ree is cut1 ! ?ree /ill reta9s its privileges z orig9al l[1 & has ! deal & *oice ( c>ds & seats4 #e ,example4 ,?ree aces & a two are cut4 ,! ?ree aces cut aga94 ,! two is ! orig9al high1 & plays ) ! highe/ ( ! next cut4 ,suppose at ! second cut1 two m twos & a k+ are drawn4 ,! k+ plays ) ! orig9al two1 & ! o!r pair ( twos cut aga9 = deal4 ,suppose in/ead1 ! second cut to consi/ ( an ace & two knaves4 ,! two knaves cut aga91 & ! highe/ plays ) ! two4 #f i4e41 8 prior "r4 #g ,& la/ 9 ! room 7vide ,law #af74 #h ,vide ,law #cd4 #i ,vide ,law #cg4 #aj ,aft] ! two packets h be5 re-unit$1 ,law #ch comes into op]ation4 #aa i4e41 ! same deal] mu/ deal aga94 ,vide also ,laws #dg & #ej4 #ab ,except z provid$ 9 ,laws #de & #ej4 #ac ,vide also ,law #cf4 #ad ,or m4 #ae ,! pack be+ p]fect4 ,vide ,law #dg4 #af i4e41 until aft] he has play$ to ! fir/ trick4 #ag ,vide also ,law #gj1 & ,law #dd1 p>agraph iv4 #ah ,x is n usual to call ! trump c>d if left on ! table4 #ai ,any "o may inquire :at ! trump suit is1 at any "t4 #bj ,9 ! mann] describ$ 9 ,law #ee4 #ba ,face upw>ds4 #bb ,deta*$ c>ds 7i4e41 c>ds tak5 out ( ! h& b n dropp$ face upw>ds on ! table1 or dropp$ face d[nw>ds on ! table71 are only liable to be call$1 if nam$2 vide ,law #fj4 #bc ,if two or m c>ds are play$ at once1 ! adv]s>ies h a "r to call :i* !y please to ! trick 9 c\rse ( play1 & aft]w>ds to call ! o!rs4 #bd ,& !n lead )\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play4 #be ,)\t wait+ = 8 p>tn] to play4 #bf i4e41 ! fir/ "t t side obta9s ! lead4 #bg i4e41 ! p5alty ( call+ a suit mu/ be exact$ f :i*ev] ( !m next fir/ obta9s ! lead4 ,x foll[s t if ! play] :o leads out ( turn is ! p>tn] ( ! p]son :o ought to h l$1 & a suit is call$1 x mu/ be call$ at once f ! "r lead]4 ,if he is all[$ to play z he pleases1 ! only p5alty t rema9s is to call ! c>d errone\sly l$4 #bh i4e41 :i*ev] ( !m next fir/ has ! lead4 #bi ,at e trick4 #cj ,vide also ,law #df4 #ca ,vide also ,law #fa4 #cb ,& add !m to _! own4 #cc ,vide ,law #gg4 #cd ,9 ! mann] prescrib$ 9 ,law #gb4 #ce ,to dem& any p5alty4 #cf i4e41 refra9 f w9n+4 ,,etiquette ,,( ,,:i/4 ,! foll[+ rules belong to ! e/abli%$ ,etiquette ( ,:i/4 ,!y are n call$ laws1 z x is difficult--9 "s cases impossible--to apply any p5alty to _! infraction1 & ! only rem$y is to cease to play ) play]s :o habitually disreg>d !m4 ,two packs ( c>ds are inv>iably us$ at ,clubs3 if possible ?is %\ld be adh]$ to4 ,any "o1 hav+ ! lead & sev]al w9n+ c>ds to play1 %\ld n draw a second c>d out ( 8 h& until 8 p>tn] has play$ to ! fir/ trick1 su* act be+ a di/9ct intimation t ! =m] has play$ a w9n+ c>d4 ,no intimation :atev]1 by ^w or ge/ure1 %\ld be giv5 by a play] z to ! /ate ( 8 h&1 or ( ! game4#cg ,a play] :o desires ! c>ds to be plac$1 or :o dem&s to see ! la/ trick1#ch %\ld d x = 8 own in=mation only1 & n 9 ord] to invite ! att5tion ( 8 p>tn]4 ,no play] %\ld object to ref] to a by/&] :o pr(esses himself un9t]e/$ 9 ! game1 & able to decide any disput$ "q ( facts2 z to :o play$ any p>ticul> c>d--:e!r hon\rs 7 claim$ ?\gh n scor$1 or vice v]s--etc41 etc4 ,x is unfair to revoke purposely2 hav+ made a revoke1 a play] is n ju/ifi$ 9 mak+ a second 9 ord] to conceal ! fir/4 ,until ! play]s h made su* bets z !y wi%1 bets %\ld n be made ) by/&]s4 ,by/&]s %\ld make no rem>k1 nei!r %\ld !y by ^w or ge/ure give any intimation ( ! /ate ( ! game until conclud$ & scor$1 nor %\ld !y walk r\nd ! table to look at ! diff]5t h&s4 ,no "o %\ld look ov] ! h& ( a play] aga9/ :om he is bett+4 ,,dummy ,is play$ by ?ree play]s4 ,"o h&1 call$ ,dummy's1 lies expos$ on ! table4 ,! laws are ! same z ^? ( ,:i/1 ) ! foll[+ exceptions3-- ,i4 ,dummy deals at ! comm5cem5t ( ea* rubb]4 ,,ii4 ,dummy is n liable to ! p5alty = a revoke1 z 8 adv]s>ies see 8 c>ds3 %\ld he#ci revoke & ! error n be discov]$ until ! trick is turn$ & quitt$1 x /&s good4#dj ,,iii4 ,dummy be+ bl9d & deaf1 8 ,p>tn] is n liable to any p5alty = an error :5ce he c ga9 no advantage4 ,?us1 he may expose "s1 or all ( 8 c>ds1 or may decl>e t he has ! game1 or trick1 c41 )\t incurr+ any p5alty2 if1 h[ev]1 he lead f ,dummy's ,h& :5 he %\ld lead f 8 own1 or vice v]s1 a suit may be call$ f ! h& :i* ought to h l$4 ,,d\ble ,,dummy ,is play$ by two play]s1 ea* hav+ a ,dummy or expos$ h& = 8 p>tn]4 ,! laws ( ! game d n diff] f ,dummy ,:i/1 except 9 ! foll[+ special law3 ,!re is no misdeal1 z ! deal is a disadvantage4 ,,footnotes3 #cg ,! "q ,:o dealt8 is irregul>1 & if ask$ %\ld n be answ]$4 #ch ,or :o asks :at ! trump suit is4 #ci i4e4 ,dummy's h&4 ,if ,dummy's p>tn] revokes1 he is liable to ! usual p5alties4 #dj ,& ! h& proce$s z ?\gh ! revoke _h n be5 discov]$4 ,,cases ,,& ,,decisions4 ,c>d laws are int5d$ to effect two objects3 #a4 ,to pres]ve ! h>mony & det]m9e ! ord]+ ( ! table4 ,su*1 = example1 are ! laws 9 ! previ\s code1 :i* regulate scor+1 cutt+1 %uffl+1 c4 & ! miscellane\s rules includ$ "u ! head ( ,etiquette4 #b4 ,to prev5t any play] f obta9+ an unfair advantage4 ,! ^w unfair mu/ be tak5 9 a re/rict$ s5se4 ,x does n mean int5tional unfairness4 ,?is is n to be dealt ) by laws1 b by exclusion f ! c>d table4 ,9 decid+ cases ( c>d law1 ! (f5d] %\ld be cr$it$ ) bon fides4 ,x foll[s f ?is1 t (f5ces %\ld n be judg$ by ! int5tion ( ! play]1 b by ! am\nt ( injury :i* 8 irregul>ity may inflict on ! oppon5ts4 ,9 a p]fect code1 !re %\ld be a p5alty = all errors or irregul>ities1 by :i* ! play] committ+ !m1 or 8 side1 might pr(it2 & on ! o!r h& !re %\ld be no p5alty = errors by :i* he :o commits !m1 _c possibly ga9 an advantage4 ,p5alties %\ld be proportion$ z closely z possible to ! ga9 :i* might ensue to ! (f5d]4 ,= in/ance3 if ! ?ird h& has n play$ & ! f\r? plays be=e 8 p>tn]1 ! second h& is in=m$ :e!r or n 8 p>tn] is likely to w9 ! trick4 ,! law1 !re=e1 provides t ! adv]s>ies %all be entitl$ to call on ! second play] ei!r to w9 ! trick1 or n to w9 x1 :i*ev] !y please4 ,say1 ! f\r? h& plays an ace out ( turn4 ,! second h& may be requir$ to w9 ! trick4 ,if he has none ( ! suit he mu/ trump x4 ,9 ! opposite case1 if ! f\r? h& plays a small c>d1 & ! second is call$ on n to w9 ! trick1 he mu/ play a small c>d also4 ,9 ?is mann]1 ! second play] is prev5t$ f b5efit+ by ! irregul> in=mation af=d$ him4 ,o!r (f5ces are legislat$ aga9/ 9 a simil> way1 ! po9t kept 9 view ?r\gh\t be+1 t no play] %all be all[$ to pr(it by 8 own wrong do+4 ,h[ev] c>efully a code is drawn up1 x w n unfrequ5tly happ5 9 practice1 t cases occur :i* are b imp]fectly provid$ =4 ,su* cases %\ld be ref]r$ = decision to "s arbitrator4 ,! arbitrator w f9d himself mat]ially assi/$ by keep+ well be=e him ! two great objects ) :i* ! laws h be5 fram$4 ,! foll[+ g5]al rules w also be f\nd useful 9 guid+ him to j decisions3 ,:]e two or m play]s are 9 fault1 x %\ld be consid]$ ) :om ! fir/ fault lies1 & h[ f> x induc$ or invit$ ! subsequ5t error ( ! adv]s>y4 ,que/ions ( fact %\ld be settl$ be=e ! case is ref]r$1 ei!r by a majority ( ! play]s1 or1 if !y are divid$ 9 op9ion1 by an onlook] agre$ to by bo? p>ties1 ! decision ( ?is ref]ee be+ f9al4 ,:5 ! facts are agre$ to !y %\ld be writt5 d[n1 & ! writt5 /atem5t submitt$ to ! judge1 :o %\ld return a writt5 answ]4 ,%\ld x s happ5 t a case is ref]r$1 :]e9 ! play]s are divid$ 9 op9ion z to ! facts1 ! arbitrator w d well to decl9e to give a decision4 ,! disputants1 h[ev]1 may be rem9d$ t ! play] :om x is propos$ to puni% is entitl$ to ! b5efit ( reasonable d\bt4 ,que/ions ( int]pretation ( law %\ld be decid$ lib]ally1 9 accordance ) ! _s r ?an ! lett] ( ! law4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! arbitrator %\ld be> 9 m9d ! great inconv5i5ce ( a lax int]pretation ( c>d laws1 &1 hav+ made up 8 m9d z to ! int5tion ( ! law1 %\ld decide all cases ) ! utmo/ /rictness4 ,! foll[+ cases1 ) decisions1 select$ f a l>ge numb] :i* h be5 br\ght "u ! au?or's notice z hav+ occurr$ 9 actual play1 are giv5 9 exemplification ( ! =ego+ rem>ks4 ,,case ,i4 ,! play ( ! h& %[s t ,,ab 7p>tn]s7 hold no hon\r4 ,! h& is !re=e ab&on$ & ! adv]s>ies 7,,yz7 score ! game4 ,x is !n discov]$ t ,y has only twelve c>ds1 & "o ( ! hon\rs is f\nd on ! floor4 ,,ab !n object to ! score on ! gr\nd t ,,yz only held ?ree hon\rs 7vide ,law #c74 ,decision--,,yz are entitl$ to score f\r by hon\rs4 ,y is n oblig$ to play ) 8 c>ds 9 8 h&4 ,besides1 ! game hav+ be5 ab&on$1 ,law #ei comes into op]ation4 ,! p5alty = play+ ) twelve c>ds is laid d[n 9 ,law #df4 ,y is liable = any revoke he may h made4 ,,case ,,ii4 ,,ab claim ! game & score x4 ,aft] ! trump c>d ( ! foll[+ deal is turn$ up1 ,,yz object t ,,ab h n claim$ hon\rs 7vide ,laws #f & #g74 ,decision--,! hon\rs 7 claim$ )9 ! mean+ ( ! law4 ,! objection to ! score1 if made really 9 ignorance ( h[ x accru$1 %\ld h be5 tak5 at once4 ,,yz %\ld n wait ! completion ( ! deal1 s z to entrap ,,ab on a m]e te*nicality4 ,note4 ,?is is a good in/ance ( int]pretation 9 accordance ) ! _s ( ! law4 ,laws %\ld nev] be s con/ru$ z to inflict a :olly unnecess>y wrong1 z w\ld happ5 9 ?is case 7 ! law insi/$ on lit]ally4 ,! int5tion ( ,law #g is to require ,,ab to draw att5tion to ! claim2 & ?is is suffici5tly done by ! claim ( ! game4 ,,case ,,iii4 ,y ?r[s d[n 8 h& & claims ! game4 ,b 7,y's adv]s>y7 ?9k+ t ,y is ref]r+ only to ! tricks1 says1 ,y are n game4 ,y !n m>ks f\r4 ,aft] ! trump c>d ( ! foll[+ deal is turn$ up1 ,a rem>ks1 if ,y _h scor$ 8 hon\rs1 he w\ld h be5 game4 ,y !n claims ! game1 on ! gr\nd t he made ! claim 9 "t1 & only )drew x 9 consequ5ce ( ,b's contradiction4 ,is ,y entitl$ to score ! game8 ,decision--,no4 ,y's claim ( ! game is irregul>4 ,he is b\nd to /ate 9 :at way he w9s x 7vide ,law #f74 ,!re is no evid5ce t ,y 0 ref]r+ to 8 hon\rs :5 he claim$ ! game1 b r ! contr>y1 z he aft]w>ds )drew 8 claim & said no?+ ab\t hon\rs4 ,note4 ,?is is an example ( two play]s be+ 9 fault4 ,x seems h>d on ,y t he %\ld suff] ?r\gh ,b's mi/ake2 b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t ! confusion 0 introduc$ by ,y's own irregul>ity1 & t ! omission to score hon\rs 0 due to 8 subsequ5t =getfulness4 ,comp>e ) ,case ,,ii4 ,,case ,,iv4 ,at ! conclusion ( ! deal ! trump c>d comes to ! h& on ! deal]'s left4 ,! deal] reque/s ! play]s to c\nt _! c>ds4 ,! play] to ! deal]'s left appropriates a packet ( c>ds ly+ a little to 8 own "r h&1 betwe5 himself & ! deal]1 & f9ds twelve c>ds 9 x4 ,! o!r h&s ea* conta9 ?irte54 ,! deal] n[ claims ! h& ) twelve c>ds 9 x z 8 h&4 ,mu/ ! play]s accept ! h&s ?us giv5 to !m1 or is x a misdeal8 ,decision--,x is a misdeal4 ,! fault is entirely ) ! deal]4 ,if he deals s c>elessly t !re is any d\bt z to ! own]%ip ( ! h&s1 he mu/ apportion !m1 & hav+ once done s1 he mu/ n %ift ! h&s ab\t1 s z to make a h& ) twelve c>ds 9 x fall to himself4 ,,case ,v4 ,y ?r[s d[n 8 c>ds1 rem>k+1 ,we h lo/ ! game4 ,on ?is1 ,a & ,b 7,y's adv]s>ies7 ?r[ d[n _! c>ds4 ,z reta9s 8 h&4 ,,ab plead t !y 7 misl$ by ,y & t !re=e !y are n liable to ,law #eh4 ,decision--,a's1 ,y's1 & ,b's h&s are expos$1 & mu/ be left on ! table to be call$1 ea* play]'s by ! adv]s>y4 ,z is n b\nd to ab&on ! game because 8 p>tn] *ooses to d s4 ,consequ5tly1 ,y's rem>k does n b9d ,z4 ,a & ,b ought to keep up _! c>ds1 until !y h asc]ta9$ t bo? adv]s>ies h ab&on$ ! game4 ,note4 ,! writt5 law is suffici5t to decide ?is case 7vide ,law #eh72 b inasmu* z ! irregul>ity 9 "q is a f]tile s\rce ( disputes1 ! case has be5 deem$ wor?y ( ins]tion4 ,,case ,,vi4 ,:5 x comes to ! la/ trick ( a h&1 x appe>s t ! play] :o has to lead has no c>d4 ,:at is to be done8 ,decision--7a7 ,if ei!r ( ! o!r play]s rema9s ) two c>ds1 x is a misdeal 7vide ,law #dd1 p>agraph iv74 7b7 ,if ! o!r play]s h _! "r numb] ( c>ds1 ! miss+ c>d %\ld be se>*$ = 7vide ,law #gj7 & :5 f\nd assign$ to ! lead]1 :o is liable to ,law #df4 7c7 ,if ! miss+ c>d _c be f\nd1 ! tricks may be se>*$ to f9d :at c>d is want+1 & ! abs5t c>d assum$ to h belong$ to ! play] :o _h b twelve c>ds4 ,note4 ,x may seem t decision c is sev]e on a play] play+ bon fide ) an imp]fect pack4 ,b ea* play] %\ld protect himself1 by c\nt+ 8 h& be=e he plays4 ,8 play+ to ! fir/ trick signifies 8 acceptance ( ! h&4 ,if he accepts an imp]fect "o he mu/ take ! consequ5ces4 ,,case ,,vii4 ,t[>ds ! end ( a h& a spade is l$4 ,! ?ird h&1 :5 x comes to 8 turn to play1 lays d[n ! ace ( trumps 7he>ts7 & says ,!re's ! game4 ,he !n ?r[s 8 h& on ! table4 ,! h& conta9s sev]al spades4 ,is x a revoke8 ,decision--,x is a "q ( fact4 ,if ! c>d 0 expos$ 9 ord] to save "t1 x is n a revoke4 ,b if ! ace ( trumps 0 play$ to ! trick x is a revoke1 ! subsequ5t ?r[+ d[n ( ! c>ds be+ an act ( play1 equival5t to play+ to ! foll[+ trick 7vide ,law #gc74 ,,case ,,viii4 ,! adv]s>y cuts ! pack to ! deal]1 b )\t 8 cons5t1 i4e41 )\t ! deal]'s pres5t+ x to be cut4 ,is x too late to claim a revoke 9 ! previ\s h&8 7vide ,law #gh74 ,decision--,x is too late = ! play] :o cut or = 8 p>tn] to claim a revoke1 b n too late = ! adv]s>ies4 ,,case ,,ix4 ,a play] revokes1 & on discov]+ ! revoke be=e ! h& is play$ out1 says 9 explanation1 ,i nev] saw ! c>d2 x 0 hidd5 beh9d my k+ ( diamonds--! k+ ( diamonds be+ /ill 9 8 h&4 ,decision--,! k+ ( diamonds is con/ructively an expos$ c>d1 & ! adv]s>ies may require t x be laid on ! table to be call$4 ,,case ,x4 ,y leads out ( turn4 ,b 7,y's adv]s>y7 says to 8 p>tn]1 ,%all we call a suit or n8 ,b's p>tn] gives no answ]4 ,is ! ask+ ! "q a consultation )9 ! mean+ ( ,law #hd1 al?\gh no answ] is made to x8 ,decision--,yes4 ,x is ! v "q ,law #hd is fram$ to prev5t4 ,b by ! "q %[s t he is 9 d\bt z to ! policy ( call+ a suit1 & ?us af=ds in=mation he has no "r to give4 ,fur!r ?an ?is1 a reply by ^w ( m\? is n necess>y to con/itute a consultation4 ,sil5ce is an answ]4 ,! k t a p>tn] is indiff]5t may convey in=mation t ,b has no "r to extract4 ,note4 ,! usual =mula is ,w y exact ! p5alty1 or %all ,i8 ,?is "q does n br+ ! play] "u ! op]ation ( ,law #hd4 ,,case ,,xi4 ,a leads & ! o!r ?ree play]s foll[ suit4 ,a plays ano!r c>d 7x n be+ 8 lead7 & proce$s to ga!r ! five c>ds into "o trick4 ,on be+ told ( x1 ,a expla9s t 8 att5tion has be5 div]t$1 & t he ?\ght he _h n play$ to ! trick4 ,! adv]s>ies claim to be entitl$ to ! p5alties = lead+ out ( turn1 on ! gr\nd t ! p5alty %\ld dep5d1 n on ! actual int5tion ( ! play]1 b on 8 possible int5tion4 ,decision--,a has n l$ out ( turn2 he has m]ely expos$ a c>d4 ,! ab/ract pr9ciple plead$ by ! adv]s>ies is q s\nd1 b x does n apply to ?is case4 ,a's ^w mu/ be tak5 z correctly repres5t+ ! fact t he play$ a second "t to "o trick4 ,,:i/4 ,,hi/orical4 ,! e>ly hi/ory ( ,:i/ is involv$ 9 obscurity4 ,all games ( high "* become p]fect$ by degrees2 & ,:i/1 foll[+ ?is rule1 has be5 =m$ by gradual developm5t4 ,z e>ly z ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 a c>d game call$ triumph or trump 0 commonly play$ 9 ,engl&4 ,?is game 9 its *ief feature1 viz41 ! pr$om9ance ( "o p>ticul> suit1 & 9 its g5]al con/ruction1 0 s simil> to ,:i/1 t no "o c d\bt x to h be5 ! game f :i* ,:i/ grew4 ,!re 7 two di/9ct games call$ trump4 ,triomphe or ,fr5* ruff 0 v l c>t1 only !re 0 no score = ! k+2 ,trump or ,engli% ruff-&-hon\rs closely resembl$ ,:i/4 ,b]ni 7,capitolo del ,gioco della ,prim]a1 ,rome1 #aebf71 enum]ates sev]al games at c>ds2 among !m are trionfi1 play$ by ! peasants2 & ronfa1 ! inv5tion ( :i* is attribut$ to ,k+ ,f]d9&4 ,triumphus ,hispanicus is ! subject ( a ,dialogue writt5 9 ,lat9 & ,fr5* by ,vives1 a ,spani>d 7d4 #aeda74 ,la triomphe & la ronfle are includ$ by ,rabelais 7fir/ half ( sixte5? c5tury7 9 ! long li/ ( "s two hundr$ & ?irty games play$ by ,g>gantua4 ,9 ,a ,worlde ( ,wordes or ,mo/ copi\s & exact ,diction>ie 9 ,italian & ,engli% collect$ by ,john ,florio1 #aeih1 ronfa is def9$ z a game at c>des call$ ruffe or trumpe2 & "u trionfo we f9d triumph4 99 99 99 ,also a trump at c>ds1 or ! play call$ trump or ruff4 ,!re is no evid5ce to %[ :e!r ! above 7 ! =eign or native =m ( trump4 ,d\ce1 9 8 ,illu/rations ( ,%akespe>e1 concludes1 f f9d+ la triomphe 9 ,rabelais' li/1 t we d]iv$ ! game ( trump f a ,fr5* s\rce4 ,b x seems m probable1 f ! non-appe>ance ( ,engli% ruff-&-hon\rs 9 ! ,acadmie des ,jeux1 & f ! di/9ction drawn 9 ,cotton's ,compleat ,game/] betwe5 ,engli% ruff-&-hon\rs & ,fr5* ruff 7la triomphe ( ! ,acadmie71 t ! game ref]r$ to by ,b]ni1 ,vives1 ,rabelais1 & ,florio1 0 n ! same game z ,engli% ruff-&-hon\rs1 = :i* a purely ,engli% orig9 7z ! "n implies7 may be claim$4 ,h[ & :5 trump or ,engli% ruff-&-hon\rs orig9at$ _c n[ be asc]ta9$4 ,x 0 play$ at lea/ z e>ly z ! "t ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 = x 0 tak5 by ,latim] to illu/rate 8 text1 9 ! fir/ ( two s]mons ,( ! ,c>d1 prea*$ by him at ,cambridge1 9 ,adv5t1 ab\t ! ye> #aebi4 ,he m5tions ! game "u its orig9al & corrupt$ appellations1 & cle>ly alludes to its *>act]i/ic feature1 z ! foll[+ extract w %[4 ,& :]e y are wont to celebrate ,*ri/mass 9 play+ at ,c>ds1 ,i int5d1 ) ,god's grace1 to deal unto y ,*ri/'s ,c>ds1 :]e9 y %all p]ceive ,*ri/'s ,rule4 ,! game t we play at %all be ! ,triumph1 :i*1 if x be well play$ at1 he t deale? %all w92 ! ,play]s %all likewise w91 & ! /&]s & look]s ^u %all d ! same4 99 99 99 ,y mu/ m>k also1 t ! ,triumph mu/ apply to fet* home unto him all ! o!r ,c>ds1 :atsoev] suit !y be (4 99 99 99 ,!n fur!r we mu/ say to ourselves1 ',:at require? ,*ri/ ( a ,*ri/ian man8' ,n[ turn up y\r ,trump1 y\r ,he>t 7,he>ts is ,trump1 z ,i said be=e7 & ca/ y\r ,trump1 y\r ,he>t1 on ?is c>d4 ,lat] 9 ! c5tury trump is (t5 ref]r$ to4 ,9 ,gamm] ,gurton's ,n$le1 made by ,mr4 ,s41 ,mr ( ,art ,bi%op ,/ill #aege1 ! second piece p]=m$ 9 ,engl& "u ! "n ( a com$y 7p]=m$ at ,*ri/'s ,college1 ,cambridge1 9 #aeff71 ,old ,dame ,*at ?us invites "s fri5ds to a game3-- ,,*at4 ,:at diccon3 come n]e1 ye be no /raung]1 ,we be fa/ set at trumpe man1 h>d by ! fyre1 ,?\ %alt set on ! k+1 if ?\ come a litte ny]4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,come ne!r1 ,dol1 ,dol1 sit d[ne & play ?is game1 ,& z ?\ sawe/ me d1 see ?\ d ev5 ! same ,!re is #e4 trumps beside ! ,que5e1 y h9dmo/ y %alt f9de h] ,take h$e ( ,sim glov]'s wife1 %e ha? an eie beh9d h]4 ,9 ,eliot's ,fruits = ! ,fr5* 7#aeic71 trump is call$ a v]ie common aleh\se game2 & ,rice1 9 8 ,invective aga9/ ,vices 7pr9t$ be=e #afjj71 obs]ves t r5\nc+ ! trompe & comm+ 9 aga9e 7i4e41 revok+ int5tionally71 is a common %>p]'s trick4 ,deck]1 9 ,! ,belman ( ,london 7#afjh71 speaks ( ! deceites practis$ 7eu5 9 ! faire/ & mo/ ciuill companies7 at ,prim]o1 ,sa9t1 ,maw1 ,tromp1 & su* l games4 ,! game ( trump is also m5tion$ by ,%akespe>e 9 ,antony & ,cleopatra1 ,act iv41 sc5e #ab 7fir/ publi%$ #afbc74 ,,ant4 ,my good knave1 ,eros1 n[ ?y ,capta9 is ,ev5 su* a body2 "h am ,i ,antony2 ,yet _c hold ?is visible %ape1 my knave4 ,i made ^! w>s = ,egypt2 & ! ,que51-- ,^: he>t ,i ?\ght ,i _h1 = %e _h m9e2 ,:i*1 :il/ x 0 m9e1 _h annex'd unto 't ,a million m1 n[ lo/1--%e1 ,eros1 has ,pack$ c>ds ) ,cs>1 & false-play$ my glory ,unto an enemy's triumph4 ,! repeat$ punn+ allusions to c>d-play+ 9 ?is passage leave no d\bt z to ! ref]5ce 9 ! la/ ^w4 ,d\ce 7,illu/rations7 po9ts out its real mean+1 & ridicules ,b5 ,jonson's d]ivation ( ! ^w trump f tromp]4 ,!re is abundant evid5ce to %[ t trump is a corruption ( ! ^w triumph4 ,9 addition to ! in/ances already giv51 ! foll[+ may be quot$3 ,9 ,cotgrave's ,diction>ie ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% ,tongve 7#afaa71 ,triomphe is expla9$ z ! ,c>d-game call$ ,ruffe or ,trump2 also ! ,ruffe or ,trump at x4 ,m9%eu1 9 ,! ,guide unto ,tongues 7#afag71 gives1 ,! ,,trumpe 9 c>des4 ,triumfo1 ita dict3 quod de ct]is *>tis triumph>e videatur1 quod illis sit pr/antior4 ,seym\r1 9 8 ,c\rt ,game/] 7#agai71 says--,! ,t]m ,trump comes f a ,corruption ( ! ,^w ,triumph2 = :]ev] !y are1 !y are att5d$ ) ,conque/4 ,a% 7,diction>y1 #agge7 has ,triumph 7s4 f ! ,lat4 triumphus74 99 99 99 ,a conqu]+ c>d1 a trump2 b ?is s5se is n[ become obsolete4 ,trump 7s4 f triumph74 ,! d]ivation ( ! ^w ruff or ruffe has caus$ mu* speculation4 ,! previ\s quotations %[ t x is ! same ^w z ronfa 7,ital47 & ronfle 7,fr471 & t x is synonym\s ) ! ,engli% triumph or trump4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day _m ,:i/ play]s speak ( ruff+1 i4e41 trump+2 &1 9 ! expression a cross-ruff1 ! ^w ruff is pres]v$ to ! exclusion ( ! ^w trump4 ,! game ( ruff-&-hon\rs1 if n ! same z trump or ruff1 0 probably ! same game1 ) ! addition ( c]ta9 advantages to ! f\r highe/ c>ds ( ! trump suit4 ,rabelais includes 9 8 li/ a game call$ les ,honneurs1 b :e!r x _h any aff9ity to ruff-&-hon\rs is d\btful4 ,9 ,%ufl+1 ,cutt+1 & ,deal+1 9 a ,game at ,pickquet3 be+ ,act$ f ! ,ye>1 #afec4 to #afeh4 ,by ,o4,p4 ,oliv] ,protector & o!rs2 ,) great ,applause4 7#afei71 ! ,old ,fooli% ,*ri/mas ,game ) ,hon\rs is m5tion$4 ,"s writ]s are ( op9ion t trump 0 orig9ally play$ )\t hon\rs2 b z no description ( trump )\t hon\rs is kn[n to exi/1 _! view mu/ be tak5 z conjectural4 ,9 #afgd1 ,*>les ,cotton1 ! poet1 publi%$ a description ( ruff-&-hon\rs 9 ,! ,compleat ,game/]3 or ,in/ructions ,h[ to play at ,billi>ds1 ,trucks1 ,b[ls1 & ,*ess4 ,toge!r ) all mann] ( usual & mo/ ,g5tile ,,games1 ei!r on ,c>ds or ,dice4 ,cotton gives a draw+ ( ! game ( ,engli% ,ruff & ,hon\rs1 7see frontispiece7 & ?us describes x3-- ,at ,ruff & ,hon\rs1 by "s call$ ,slamm1 y h 9 ! ,pack all ! ,deuces1 & ! reason is1 because f\r play+ hav+ dealt twelve a piece1 !re are f\r left = ! ,/ock1 ! upp]mo/ :]e( is turn'd up1 & t is ,trumps1 he t ha? ! ,ace ( t ,ruffs2 t is1 he takes 9 ^? f\r ,c>ds1 & lays out f\r o!rs 9 _! lieu2 ! f\r ,hon\rs are ! ,ace1 ,k+1 ,que51 & ,knave2 he t ha? ?ree ,hon\rs 9 8 own h&1 8 p>tn] n hav+ ! f\r? sets up ,eight by ,c>ds1 t is two tricks2 if he ha? all f\r1 !n ,sixte51 t is f\r tricks2 x is all "o if two ,p>tn]s make !m ?ree or f\r betwe5 !m1 z if "o _h !m4 ,if ! ,hon\rs are equally divid$ among ! ,game/]s ( ea* side1 !n !y say ,hon\rs are split4 ,if ei!r side are at ,eight ,groats he ha? ! b5efit ( call+ ,c-ye1 if he ha? two ,hon\rs 9 8 h&1 & if ! o!r answ]s "o1 ! ,game is up1 :i* is n9e 9 all1 b if he ha? m ?an two he %[s !m1 & !n x is "o & ! same ?+2 b x he =gets to call aft] play+ a trick1 he lose? ! advantage ( ,c-ye = t deal4 ,all ,c>ds are ( value z !y are sup]i\r "o to ano!r1 z a ,t5 w9s a ,n9e if n ,trumps1 s a ,que51 a ,knave 9 l mann]2 b ! lea/ ,trump w w9 ! highe/ ,c>d ( any o!r ,c>d suit2 :]e note ! ,ace is ! highe/4 ,?is game 0 cle>ly ,:i/ 9 an imp]fect =m4 ,:i/ is n m5tion$ by ,%akespe>e1 nor by any writ] 7x is believ$7 ( ! ,elizabe?an era4 ,x is probable t ! introduction ( ! "n :i/ or :isk took place e>ly 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! fir/ kn[n appe>ance ( ! ^w 9 pr9t is 9 ! ,motto ( ,taylor1 ! ,wat] ,poet 7#afba74 ,taylor spells ! ^w :isk4 ,speak+ ( ! prodigal1 he says3-- ,! ,prodigals e/ate1 l to a flux4 ,! ,m]c]1 ,drap]1 & ! ,silkman sucks3 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,he fl+s 8 money free ) c>elessnesse3 ,at ,novum1 ,mum*ance1 mis*ance1 7*use ye :i*7 ,at ,"o & ,?irty1 or at ,poore & ri*1 ,ruffe1 slam1 ,trump1 nody1 :isk1 hole1 ,sant1 ,new-cut4 ,! ^w cont9u$ to be spelt :isk = ab\t =ty ye>s4 ,! e>lie/ kn[n use ( ! pres5t spell+ is 9 ,hudibras ! ,second ,"p 7spuri\s7 publi%$ 9 #affc3-- ,b :at 0 ?is8 ,a ,game at ,:i/ ,unto our ,pl[d5-,canoni/4 ,aft] ?is1 ! ^w is spelt indiff]5tly1 :isk or :i/4 ,9 ,! ,compleat ,game/] 7#afgd & subsequ5t editions7 ,cotton says1 "u play+ ! c>ds at ,picket1 ! eld] beg9s & y\ng] foll[s 9 suit z at ,:isk4 ,b he uses ! o!r spell+ 9 8 *apt] on ! game itself4 ,he obs]ves1 ,ruff & ,hon\rs 7alias ,slamm7 & ,:i/1 are ,games s commonly kn[n 9 ,engl& 9 all p>ts !re(1 t e ,*ild almo/ ( ,eight ,ye>s old ha? a compet5t k 9 t recreation4 ,aft] describ+ ruff-&-hon\rs 7see ! passage quot$1 pp4 #cf1 #cg71 ,cotton adds1 ,:i/ is a game n mu* diff]+ f ?is1 only !y put out ! ,deuces & take 9 no /ock2 & is call$ ,:i/ f ! sil5ce t is to be obs]v$ 9 ! play2 !y deal z be=e1 play+ f\r1 two ( a side 99 99 99 to ea* ,twelve a piece1 & ! ,trump is ! bottom ,c>d4 ,! mann] ( crafty play+1 ! numb] ( ! ,game ,n9e1 ,hon\rs & dignity ( o!r ,c>ds are all alike1 & he t w9s mo/ tricks is mo/ =w>d to w9 ! set4 ,cotton's "w 0 aft]w>ds incorporat$ ) ,seym\r's ,c\rt-,game/] 7fir/ publi%$ #agai74 ,! e>li] editions conta9 no ,:i/1 b aft] ! two books 7 unit$ 7ab\t #agcd71 ,seym\r says1 ,:i/1 vulg>ly call$ :isk4 ,! orig9al d5om9ation ( ?is game is ,:i/1 "h ,seym\r is mi/ak5 or ! sil5t game at c>ds4 ,& aga91 ,talk+ is n all[$ at ,:i/2 ! v ^w implies ',hold y\r ,tongue4' ,dr4 ,johnson does n positively d]ive ,:i/ f ! int]jectio sil5tium imp]ans2 he cauti\sly expla9s ,:i/ to be a game at c>ds1 requir+ close att5tion & sil5ce4 ,n>es1 9 8 ,gloss>y1 has ,:i/1 an int]jection comm&+ sil5ce2 & he adds1 ,t ! "n ( ! game ( ,:i/ is d]iv$ f ?is1 is kn[n1 ,i presume1 to all :o play or d n play4 ,skeat 7,etymological ,diction>y ( ! ,engli% ,language1 #ahhb7 gives1 ,:i/1 hu%1 sil5ce2 a game at c>ds 99 99 99 nam$ f ! sil5ce requisite to play x att5tively4 ,*atto1 h[ev]1 7,facts & ,speculations on ! ,orig9 & ,hi/ory ( ,play+ ,c>ds1 #ahdh71 sugge/s t :isk is d]iv$ by sub/itution f ruff1 bo? ( !m signify+ a piece ( lawn us$ z an ornam5t to ! dress4 ,! be/ mod]n etymologi/s are ( op9ion t1 :isk & :i/1 be+1 l :isp]1 :i/le1 :eeze1 hu% & hi/1 words ( imitative orig91 x makes no diff]5ce :i* =m is fir/ f\nd4 ,s ! receiv$ d]ivation f sil5ce1 hav+ a good deal ( evid5ce 9 its fav\r1 may be accept$ until "s m conclusive argum5ts ?an ,*atto's are br\ght aga9/ x4 ,:ile ,:i/ 0 und]go+ ! *anges ( "n & "* already specifi$1 !re 0 = a "t associat$ ) x ano!r title1 viz41 swabb]s or swobb]s4 ,field+1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! life ( ! late ,mr4 ,jona?an ,wild1 ! ,great1 records t :5 ! +5i\s ,c\nt ,la ,ruse 0 domicil$ ) ,mr4 ,ge(frey ,snap1 9 #afhb1 or1 9 o!r words1 0 9 a spung+-h\se1 ! ,c\nt beguil$ ! t$ium ( 8 9-door exi/5ce by play+ at ,:isk-&-,swabb]s1 ! game !n 9 ! *ief vogue4 ,swift1 9 ,! ,intellig5c] 7,no4 v1 ,dubl91 #agbh71 ridicules ,ar*bi%op ,t5ison = n und]/&+ ! mean+ ( swabb]s4 ,!re is a kn[n ,/ory ( a ,cl]gy-,man1 :o 0 recomm5d$ = a ,pref]m5t by "s great ,man at ,c\rt1 to ,a4 ,b4 ,c',t4 ,8 ,grace said1 he _h he>d t ! ,cl]gy-,man us$ to play at ,:isk & ,swobb]s1 t z to play+ n[ & !n a ,sob] ,game at ,:isk = pa/ime1 x might be p>don$1 b he c\ld n dige/ ^? wick$ ,swobb]s1 & x 0 ) "s pa9s t my ,"l ,s----rs c\ld undeceive him4 ,johnson def9es swobb]s z f\r privileg$ c>ds us$ incid5tally 9 bett+ at ,:i/4 ,9 ,capta9 ,francis ,grose's ,classical ,diction>y ( ! ,vulg> ,tongue 7#aghe71 swabb]s are /at$ to be ,! ace ( he>ts1 knave ( clubs1 ace & duce ( trumps at ,:i/4 ,! ,hon4 ,da9es ,b>r+ton 7writ+ 9 #aghf71 says t at ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury1 :isk 0 play$ ) :at 7 call$ ,swabb]s1 :i* 7 possibly s t]m$1 because !y1 :o _h c]ta9 c>ds 9 _! h&1 7 entitl$ to take up a %>e ( ! /ake1 indep5d5t ( ! g5]al ev5t ( ! game4 ,?is 0 probably ! true (fice ( ! swabb]s1 ! etymology ( ! ^w %[+ x to be alli$ to sweep1 swoop1 swab1 swap1 & to be fir/ c\s9 to sweep/akes4 ,swabb]s soon w5t out ( g5]al use1 b !y may /ill l+] 9 "s local cot]ies4 ,r4 ,b4 ,wormald writes ?us respect+ !m 9 #ahgc3--;,be+ driv5 by /ress ( wea!r to take %elt] 9 a seque/]$ ho/elry on ! ,b]k%ire bank ( ! ,?ames1 he f\nd f\r p]sons imm]s$ 9 ! game ( ,:i/3 ,9 ! middle ( ! h&1 "o ( ! play]s1 ) a gr9 t almo/ m\nt$ to a *uckle1 & a va/ display ( moi/5$ ?umb1 spread out ^u ! table ! ace ( trumps2 :]eupon ! o!r ?ree delib]ately laid d[n _! h&s1 & =?) sev]ally h&$ ov] ! sum ( "o p5ny to ! =tunate hold] ( ! c>d 9 "q4 ,on enquiry1 we 7 in=m$ t ! process 0 te*nically kn[n z a 'swap' 7qy4 swab or swabb]71 & 0 de rigueur 9 all prop]ty con/itut$ :i/ circles4 ,aft] ! swabb]s 7 dropp$ 7& x is probable t !y 7 n 9 g5]al use 9 ! eighte5? c5tury71 our national c>d game became kn[n simply z ,:i/1 ?\gh /ill occasionally spelt :isk4 ,! ,hon4 ,da9es ,b>r+ton 7,ar*aeologia1 ,vol4 viii47 says1 t ,:i/ 9 its infancy 0 *iefly conf9$ to ! s]vants' hall4 ,t ! game _h n yet become fa%ionable is evid5t f ! disp>ag+ way 9 :i* x is ref]r$ to by writ]s ( ! p]iod4 ,9 ,f>quh>'s com$y ( ,! ,beaux's ,/ratagem 7#agjg71 ,mrs4 ,sull51 a f9e lady f ,london1 speaks 9 a contemptu\s ve9 ( ! rural ,accompli%m5ts ( dr9k+ fat ,ale1 play+ at ,:isk1 & smoak+ ,tobacco4 ,pope also classes ,:i/ z a c\ntry squire's game1 9 8 ,epi/le to ,mrs4 ,t]esa ,bl\nt 7#agae7-- ,"s ,squire1 p]haps1 y take delight to rack1 ,^: game is ,:isk1 ^: treat a toa/ 9 sack4 ,?omson1 9 8 ,autumn 7#agcj71 describes h[ aft] a heavy hunt d9n]-- ,p]haps a :ile1 amusive1 ?\ghtful ,:isk ,walks g5tle r\nd1 b5ea? a cl\d ( smoak1 ,wrea?'d1 fragrant1 f ! pipe4 ,e>ly 9 ! c5tury ! po9ts ( ! game rose f n9e to t5 7n9e 9 all1 ,cotton1 #agji2 t5 9 all1 ,cotton1 #agba2 n9e 9 all1 ,cotton1 #agbe2 t5 9 all1 ,seym\r1 #agcd1 rectifi$ accord+ to ! pres5t /&>d ( play74 ,e subsequ5t edition ( ,seym\r 7) :i* ,cotton 0 incorporat$7 makes ! game t5 up4 ,x seems likely t1 simultane\sly ) ?is *ange1 or closely foll[+ x1 ! practice ( play+ ) ! entire pack in/ead ( ) b =ty-eight c>ds obta9$4 ,?is improvem5t introduc$ ! odd trick1 an elem5t ( ! greate/ int]e/ 9 mod]n ,:i/4 ,at ?is p]iod 7e>ly "p ( ! eighte5? c5tury7 !re 0 a mania = c>d play+ 9 all p>ts ( ,europe1 & 9 all classes ( society1 b ,:i/ _h n z yet f\nd fav\r 9 ! highe/ circles4 ,piquet1 ,ombre1 & ,quadrille1 7 ! pr9cipal games ( ! fa%ionable _w4 ,b ab\t #agbh1 ! game ( ,:i/ rose out ( its comp>ative obscurity4 ,a p>ty ( g5tlem5 7accord+ to ,da9es ,b>r+ton71 ( :om ! fir/ ,"l ,folke/one 0 "o1 us$ at ?is date to frequ5t ! ,cr[n ,c(fee-h\se1 9 ,b$=d ,r[1 :]e !y /udi$ ,:i/ sci5tifically4 ,!y mu/ h made consid]able progress 9 ! game1 to judge by ! foll[+ rules :i* !y laid d[n3--,lead f ! /rong suit2 /udy y\r p>tn]'s h&2 & att5d to ! score4 ,%ortly aft] ?is1 ! celebrat$ ,,edmond ,,hoyle1 ! fa!r ( ! game1 publi%$ 8 ,%ort ,treatise 7#agdb-c74 ,ab\t ,hoyle's antec$5ts1 b little is kn[n4 ,he 0 born 9 #afgb2 x is said he 0 educat$ = ! b>4 ,x has be5 /at$ t he 0 born 9 ,york%ire1 b ?is is d\btful4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! au?or1 by p]sonal enquiry1 has positively asc]ta9$ t he did n belong to ! family ( ,york%ire ,hoyles1 :o acquir$ e/ates ne> ,halifax temp4 ,edw>d ,,iii4 ,x has also be5 /at$ t ,hoyle 0 appo9t$ regi/r> ( ! pr]ogative c\rt at ,dubl91 9 #agdb4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is unlikely4 ,at t "t1 ,hoyle 0 engag$ 9 writ+ on games1 & 9 giv+ lessons 9 ,:i/1 & he 0 probably liv+ 9 ,london4 ,at all ev5ts1 ! only kn[n g5u9e copy ( ! fir/ edition ( ! ,%ort ,treatise 79 ! ,bodleian71 0 publi%$ 9 ,london2 & ,hoyle aft]w>ds resid$ 9 ,que5 ,squ>e4 ,! "n ,edmund or ,edmond is common 9 bo? ! ,york%ire & ,iri% families ( ,hoyle2 & probably "o ,hoyle has be5 mi/ak5 = ano!r4 ,int]nal evid5ce %[s t ,hoyle orig9ally drew up notes = ! use ( 8 pupils4 ,8 e>ly editions speak ( ,pur*as]s ( ! ,treatise 9 ,manuscript1 dispos$ ( ! la/ ,w9t]1 & fur!r /ate t ! au?or ( x has fram'd an ,artificial ,memory1 :i* takes n (f y\r ,att5tion f y\r ,game2 & if requir$1 he is ready to communicate x1 ^u ,paym5t ( "o ,gu9ea4 ,& also1 he w expla9 any ,cases 9 ! ,book1 ^u ,paym5t ( "o ,gu9ea m4 ,! *eap spuri\s editions lam5t t !re 0 a ,treatise on ! ,game ( ,:i/ lately disp]s$ among a few ,h&s at a ,gu9ea ,price2 t x 0 to be procur$ ) no small difficulty2 & t ! public lay "u imposition & h>d%ip 9 n be+ able to get ! book "u a gu9ea1 & by its be+ res]v$ only 9 a few h&s4 ,no d\bt1 ! circulation ( ^! surreptiti\s copies induc$ ,hoyle to pr9t ! manuscript1 & to regi/] ! ,%ort ,treatise at ,/ation]s' ,hall 9 ,novemb]1 #agdb4 ,! treatise ran ?r\gh five editions 9 "o ye>1 & x is said t ,hoyle receiv$ a l>ge sum = ! copyright4 ,?is la/ /atem5t1 h[ev]1 requires v]ification2 at all ev5ts1 ,hoyle cont9u$ = ye>s to sign e copy p]sonally1 z ! proprietor ( ! copyright4 ,?is 0 done 9 ord] to protect ! prop]ty f fur!r piracy1 z ! address to ! read] %[s4 ,! foll[+ is a facsimile ( ,hoyle's signature1 tak5 f ! f\r? edition3-- ,illu/ration ,9 ! fifte5? edition ! signature is impress$ f a wood block1 & 9 ! sev5te5? x 0 ann\nc$ t ,mr4 ,hoyle 0 dead4 ,he di$ 9 ,welbank 7,welbeck7 ,/reet1 ,cav5di% ,squ>e1 9 ,augu/1 #agfi1 ag$ #ig4 ,"o effect ( ,hoyle's publication 0 to draw =? a witty skit1 entitl$ ,! ,hum\rs ( ,:i/4 ,a ,dramatic ,satire1 z ,act$ e ,day at ,,:ite's & o!r ,c(fee-,h\ses & ,assemblies4 7#agdc74 ,! pamphlet comm5ces ) an adv]tisem5t mimick+ ,hoyle's address to ! read]4 ,! prologue to ! play is suppos$ to be spoke by a wait] at ,:ite's4 ,:o w believe t ,man c\ld e'er exi/1 ,:o sp5t ne> half an ,age 9 /udy+ ,:i/8 ,grew gray ) ,calculation--,lab\r h>d6 ,z if ,life's ,bus9ess c5t]'d 9 a ,c>d8 ,t su* !re is1 let me to ^? appeal1 ,:o ) su* lib]al ,h&s rew>d 8 ,zeal4 ,lo6 ,:i/ he makes a sci5ce1 & our ,pe]s ,deign to turn ,s*ool ,boys 9 _! rip] ,ye>s4 ,! pr9cipal *>act]s are ,pr(essor ,:i/on 7,hoyle71 :o gives lessons 9 ! game ( ,:i/2 ,sir ,calculation ,puzzle1 a passionate admir] ( ,:i/1 :o imag9es himself a good play]1 yet always loses2 ,%>p]s1 ,pupils ( ! ,pr(essor1 & ,cocao1 ,ma/] ( ! ,*ocolate-h\se4 ,! %>p]s are disgu/$ at ! appe>ance ( ! book4 ,lur*um4 ,?\ kn[e/ we h ! ,hon\r to be admitt$ into ! be/ ,company1 :i* nei!r our ,bir? nor ,=tunes entitle u to1 m]ely = our ,reputation z good ,:i/-,play]s4 ,%uffle4 ,v well6 ,lur*4 ,b if ?is damn'd ,book ( ! ,pr(essor's answ]s1 z he pret5ds1 to put ,play]s m ^u a ,p>1 :at w avail our sup]ior ,skill 9 ! ,game8 ,we are undone to all ,int5ts & ,purposes4 99 99 99 ,we mu/ bid adieu to ,:ite's1 ,george's1 ,br[n's1 & all ! polite ,assemblies ab\t ,t[n1 & t's en\gh to make a ,man mad in/ead ( ?\ghtful4 ,%uf4 ,damn him1 ,i say1--,c\ld he f9d no o!r ,employm5t = =ty ,ye>s toge!r1 ?an to /udy h[ to circumv5t y\ng] ,bro!rs1 & su* z u1 :o live by our ,wits8 ,a man t discov]s ! ,secrets ( any ,pr(ession des]ves to be sacrific$1 & ,i w\ld be ! fir/1 ,lur*um1 to cut ! ,pr(essor's ,?roat = :at he has done1 b t ,i ?9k ,i h pretty well defeat$ ! malevol5t ,effect ( 8 f9e-spun ,calculations4 ,lur*4 ,z h[1 de> ,%uffle8 ,?\ revive/ me4 ,%uf4 ,i mu/ confess ! ,publication ( 8 ,treatise gave me at fir/ "s slight ,al>m2 b ,i did n1 l !e1 ,lur*um1 indulge 9 melan*oly despond+ ,?\ghts3 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i call$ up my ,indignation to my ,assi/ance1 & h ev] s9ce be5 work+ ^u a private ,treatise on ,signs at ,:i/1 by way ( c\nt] ,treatise to 81 & :i*1 if ,i mi/ake n1 totally ov]?r[s 8 ,sy/em4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! g5tlem5 are 9 raptures4 ,sir ,calculation ,puzzle4 ,! progress y\r ,lord%ip has made = ! "t y h /udy'd "u ! ,pr(essor is wond]ful4--,pray1 has y\r ,lord%ip se5 ! de> ,man to-day8 ,"l ,slim4 ,o yes4--,8 ,grace sate him d[n at my ,h\se1 & ,i h j l5t him my ,*>iot into ! ,city4--,h[ d y l ! la/ edition ( 8 ,treatise ) ! ,app5dix1#da ,sir ,calculation8 ,i mean t sign'd ) 8 ,"n4#db ,sir ,cal4 ,o ,gad1 my ,"l1 !re nev] 0 s excell5t a ,book pr9t$4--,i'm q 9 ,raptures ) x--,i w eat ) x--sleep ) x--g to ,c\rt ) x--g to ,p>liam5t ) x--g to ,*ur* ) x4--,i pron\nce x ! ,gospel ( ,:i/-,play]s2 & ! ,laws ( ! ,game ought to be wrote 9 gold5 ,lett]s1 & hung up 9 ,c(fee-h\ses1 z mu* z ! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts 9 ,p>i% ,*ur*es4 ,sir ,john ,m$ium4 ,ha6 ,ha6 ,ha6 ,y speak ( ! ,book ) ! ,zeal ( a primitive ,fa!r4 ,sir ,cal4 ,n half en\gh1 ,sir ,john--! ,calculations#dc are s exact6 99 99 99 8 ,obs]vations#dd are q ma/]ly6 8 ,rules#de s compreh5sive6 8 ,cautions#df s judici\s6 ,!re are su* ,v>iety ( ,cases#dg 9 8 ,treatise1 & ! ,pr9ciples are s new1 ,i want ,words to express ! ,au?or1 & c look on him 9 no o!r ,light ?an z a second ,newton4 ,! way 9 :i* ,sir ,calculation introduces ,hoyle's ,calculations ( ,*ances is v amus+4 ,sir ,john4 ',twas by "s su* laudable ,practices1 ,i suppose1 t y suff]$ 9 y\r la/ ,affair ) ,lur*um4 ,sir ,cal4 ,o ,gad1 ,no1 ,sir ,john--,nev] any ?+ 0 fair]1 nor 0 ev] any ?+ s critical4--,we 7 n9e all4 ,! adv]se ,p>ty _h #c1 & we _h #d ,tricks4 ,all ! ,trumps 7 out4 ,i _h ,que5 & two small ,clubs1 ) ! ,lead4 ,let me see--,x 0 ab\t #bbb & #c ,halves to--'gad4 ,i =got h[ _m--t my ,p>tn] _h ! ,ace & ,k+--let me recollect--ay--t he _h "o only 0 ab\t #ca to #bf4--,t he _h n bo? ( !m #ag to #b1--;& t he _h n "o1 or bo?1 or nei!r1 "s #be to #cb4--,s ,i1 accord+ to ! ,judgm5t ( ! ,game1 l$ a ,club1 my ,p>tn] takes x ) ! ,k+4 ,!n x 0 exactly #dha = u to #bbb aga9/ !m4 ,he returns ! same ,suit2 ,i w9 x ) my ,que51 & return x aga92 b ! ,devil take t ,lur*um1 by pass+ 8 ,ace twice1 he took ! ,trick1 & hav+ #b m ,clubs & a #ac? ,c>d1 ,i gad1 all 0 ov]4--,b !y bo? all['d ,i play'd admirably well = all t4 ,! foll[+ passage f ! same pamphlet m5tions ! ,cr[n--probably ! ,cr[n ,c(fee-h\se--& x has be5 inf]r$ f ?is t ,hoyle himself might h be5 "o ( ,"l ,folke/one's p>ty4 ,"y ,jobb] ,a pupil ( ! ,pr(essor's4 ,de>1 ,mr4 ,pr(essor1 ,i c nev] repay y4--,y h giv5 me su* an ,insight by ?is ,visit1 ,i am q ano!r ,?+--,i f9d ,i knew no?+ ( ! ,game be=e2 ?o' ,i c assure y1 ,i h be5 reckon$ a ,fir/-rate ,play] 9 ! ,city a good :ile--nay1 = t ,matt]1 ,i make no bad figure at ! ,cr[n--& don't despair1 by y\r ,assi/ance1 b to make "o at ,:ite's soon4 ,hoyle is also spok5 ( 9 8 pr(essional capacity 9 ,! ,rambl] ( ,may #h1 #agej4 ,a ,lady t has lo/ h] ,money writes1 ,z = ,play1 ,i d ?9k ,i may1 inde$1 indulge 9 t1 n[ ,i am my own ,mi/ress4 ,papa made me drudge at ,:i/ 'till ,i 0 tir$ ( x2 & f> f want+ a ,head1 ,mr4 ,hoyle1 :5 he _h n giv5 me above =ty ,lessons1 said1 ,i 0 "o ( 8 be/ ,s*ol>s4 ,aga91 9 ,! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e = ,febru>y1 #agee1 a writ]1 pr(ess+ to give ! autobiography ( a mod]n physician1 says1 ,hoyle tutor'd me 9 ! sev]al games at c>ds1 & "u ! "n ( gu>d+ me f be+ *eat$1 ins5sibly gave me a ta/e = %>p+4 ,9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ,:i/ 0 regul>ly play$ 9 fa%ionable society4 ,9 ,tom ,jones1 ,lady ,bella/on1 ,"l ,fellam>1 & o!rs1 are repres5t$ z indulg+ 9 a rubb]4 ,hoyle also comes 9 = notice 9 ! foll[+ passage 9 ! same "w3 ,i happ5$ to come home sev]al ,h\rs be=e my usual ,"t1 :5 ,i f\nd f\r ,g5tlem5 ( ! ,clo? at ,:isk by my fire2--& my ,hoyle1 sir2--my be/ ,hoyle1 :i* co/ me a ,gu9ea1 ly+ op5 on ! ,table1 ) a ,quantity ( ,port] spilt on "o ( ! mo/ mat]ial ,leaves ( ! :ole ,book4 ,?is1 y w all[1 0 provok+2 b ,i said no?+ till ! re/ ( ! hone/ ,company 7 gone1 & !n gave ! ,fell[ a g5tle ,rebuke1 :o1 in/ead ( express+ any ,conc]n1 made me a p]t ,answ]1 ',t ,s]vants mu/ h _! ,div]sions z well z o!r ,p2 t he 0 sorry = ! ,accid5t :i* _h happ5$ to ! ,book2 b t sev]al ( 8 ,acqua9tance _h b\ght ! same = a ,%ill+2 & t ,i might /op z mu* 9 8 ,wages1 if ,i pleas$4' ,9 an epic poem on ,:i/1 by ,alex&] ,?omson1 :i* appe>$ 9 #agia1 ,hoyle 0 ?us invok$-- ,,:i/1 !n1 delightful ,,:i/1 my !me %all be1 ,& fir/ ,i'll try to trace its p$igree1 ,& %ew :at sage & compreh5sive m9d ,gave to ! _w a pleasure s ref9'd3 ,!n %all ! v]se its v>i\s *>ms display1 ,:i* be> f1 ev'ry game ! palm away2 ,&1 la/ ( all1 ^? rules & maxims tell1 ,:i* give ! envi$ p['r to play x well4 ,b fir/ 7= su* ! mode7 "s tuneful %ade ,mu/ be invok'd1 ! v5t'r\s ,muse to aid4 ,cremona's poet %all ,i fir/ address1 ,:o pa9ts ) skill ! mimic w> ( *ess1 ,& ,india's art 9 ,roman acc5ts s+s2 ,or him :o so>s on f> sublim] w+s1 ,bel9da's b>d1 :o taught 8 liquid lay ,at ,ombre's /udi\s game s well to play8 ,b :y ?us va9ly hesitates ! ,muse1 ,9 idle d\bt1 :at gu>dian p['r to *use8 ,:at p['r s well c aid h] d>+ toil1 ,z ! bright _s ( immortal ,hoyle8 ,by ^: enlight5'd ef=ts ,:i/ became ,a sob]1 s]i\s1 sci5tific game2 ,to ^: unwe>i$ pa9s1 :ile "h bel[1 ,! great1 ?' important privilege we owe1 ,t r&om /rokes disgrace our play no m1 ,b skill presides1 :]e all 0 *ance be=e4 ,come !n1 my fri5d1 my tea*]1 & my guide1 ,:]e'er ?y %ad[y gho/ may n[ reside2 ,p]haps 7= ,nature ev'ry *ange defies1 ,nor ev'n ) dea? our rul+ passion dies7 ,) fond regret x hov]s /ill1 unse51 ,ar\nd ! tempt+ bo>ds array'd 9 gre52 ,/ill ) delight its fav'rite game reg>ds1 ,& ?o' x plays no m o'erlooks ! c>ds4 ,come !n1 ?\ glory ( ,britannia's isle1 ,on ?is attempt propiti\s deign to smile2 ,let all ?y skill ?' un]r+ page inspire1 ,& all ?y zeal my raptur'd bosom fire4 ,hoyle's "n also f9ds a place 9 ,don ,juan4 ,byron1 9 say+ t ,troy owes to ,hom] :at ,:i/ owes to ,hoyle1 sc>cely does ju/ice to ,hoyle1 :o 0 r ! f\nd] ?an ! hi/orian ( ,:i/4 ,! ,%ort ,treatise appe>$ j 9 ! nick ( "t1 :5 ,:i/ 0 ris+ 9 repute1 & :5 c>d-play+ 0 ! rage4 ,! "w became ! au?ority almo/ f ! date ( its appe>ance4 ,9 #agfj1 ! laws ( ! game 7 revis$ by ! memb]s ( ,:ite's & ,saund]s's ,*ocolate-h\ses1 !n ! head qu>t]s ( fa%ionable play4 ,^! revis$ laws 7ne>ly all ,hoyle7 are giv5 9 e edition ( ,hoyle f ?is date4 ,hoyle's laws1 z !y 7 call$1 guid$ all ,:i/ cot]ies = a hundr$ & f\r ye>s2 :5 ! ,arl+ton 7n[ ,turf7 & ,portl& ,clubs1 re-revis$ ! code ( ! ,*ocolate-h\ses4 ,! code agre$ to by ! ,committees ( bo? ,clubs 0 adopt$ 9 #ahfd2 x %ortly f\nd its way into all ,:i/ circles1 depos$ ,hoyle1 & is n[ 7#ahgd7 ! /&>d by :i* disput$ po9ts are det]m9$4 ,"o ( ! *ief seats ( c>d-play+1 & consequ5tly1 ( ,:i/-play+1 dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 0 ,ba?4 ,ev5 ,mr4 ,pickwick is depict$ play+ ,:i/ !re ) ,miss ,bolo1 aga9/ ! ,d[ag] ,lady ,snuphanuph & ,mrs4 ,colonel ,wugsby1 9 a passage too well kn[n to require quotation4 ,mr4 ,pickwick's visit 0 at a date :5 ! *ief glories ( ,ba? _h dep>t$4 ,hoyle's fir/ edition1 x w be rememb]$1 0 publi%$ at ,ba?1 z also 0 ,?omas ,matthews' ,advice to ! ,"y ,:i/ ,play] 7ab\t #ahje7--;a s\nd & useful contribution to ,:i/ lit]ature4 ,e>ly 9 ?is c5tury1 ! po9ts ( ! game 7 alt]$ f t5 to five1 & call+ hon\rs 0 aboli%$4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ?is *ange 0 = ! bett]4 ,9 ! au?or's op9ion ,long ,:i/ 7t5 up7 is a f> f9] game ?an ,%ort ,:i/ 7five up72 ,%ort ,:i/1 h[ev]1 has tak5 su* a hold1 t !re is no *ance ( our rev]t+ to ! =m] game4 ,accord+ to ,clay 7,%ort ,:i/1 #ahfd71 ! alt]ation took place "u ! foll[+ circum/ances3 ,"s sixty or sev5ty ye>s back1 ,"l ,pet]bor\gh hav+ "o night lo/ a l>ge sum ( money1 ! fri5ds ) :om he 0 play+ propos$ to make ! game five po9ts in/ead ( t51 9 ord] to give ! los] a *ance1 at a quick] game1 ( recov]+ 8 loss4 ,! late ,mr4 ,ho>e1 ( ,ba?1 a v good :i/-play]1 & )\t a sup]ior at piquet1 0 "o ( ?is p>ty1 & has m ?an once told me ! /ory4 ,! new game 0 f\nd to be s lively1 & money *ang$ h&s ) su* increas$ rapidity1 t ^! g5tlem5 & _! fri5ds1 all ( !m memb]s ( ! lead+ clubs ( ! day1 cont9u$ to play x4 ,x became g5]al 9 ! clubs--!nce 0 introduc$ 9 private h\ses--travell$ into ! c\ntry--w5t to ,p>is1 & has long s9ce 99 99 entirely sup]s$$ ! :i/ ( ,hoyle's day4 ,long ,:i/ _h long be5 kn[n 9 ,france1 b x 0 n a popul> game 9 t c\ntry4 ,hoyle has be5 sev]al times translat$ into ,fr5*4 ,:i/ 0 play$ by ,l\is ,,xv41 & "u ! fir/ ,empire 0 a favorite game ) ,joseph9e & ,m>ie ,l\ise4 ,x is on record 7,di>ies ( a ,lady ( ,quality1 #bnd ,ed4 p4 #abh71 t ,napoleon us$ to play ,:i/ at ,wrtemburg1 b n = money1 & t he play$ ill & inatt5tively4 ,"o ev5+1 :5 ! ,que5 ,d[ag] 0 play+ aga9/ him ) h] husb& & 8 daught] 7! ,que5 ( ,we/phalia1 ! wife ( ,j]ome71 ! ,k+ /opp$ ,napoleon1 :o 0 tak+ up a trick t did n belong to him1 say+1 ,sire1 on ne j\e pas ici en conqurant4 ,aft] ! re/oration1 ,:i/ 0 tak5 up 9 ,france m en?usia/ically4 ,! ,nobles1 says a ,fr5* writ]1 _h gone to ,engl& to le>n to ,?9k1 & !y br\ght back ! ?9k+ game ) !m4 ,talleyr& 0 a ,:i/ play]1 & 8 mot to ! y\ng/] :o boa/$ 8 ignorance ( ! game is well kn[n4 ,v\s ne savez pas le ,:i/e1 jeune homme8 ,quelle tri/e vieillesse v\s v\s prp>ez6 ,*>les ,x4 is report$ to h be5 play+ ,:i/ at ,/4 ,cl\d1 on ,july #bi1 #ahcj1 :5 ! tricolor 0 wav+ on ! ,tuil]ies1 & he _h lo/ 8 ?rone4 ,x is rem>kable t ! f9e/ ,:i/ play] :o ev] liv$ %\ld h be51 accord+ to ,clay1 a ,fr5*man1 ,m4 ,des*apelles 7born #aghj1 di$ #ahdg74 ,he publi%$ 9 #ahci a fragm5t ( a ,trait du ,:i/e :i* treats ma9ly ( ! laws1 & is ( b little value to ! ,:i/ play]4 ,be=e leav+ ?is hi/orical sket*1 a few words may be add$ respect+ ! mod]n lit]ature ( ! game4 ,s f> z ! pres5t "w is conc]n$1 its raison d'tre is expla9$ 9 ! preface to ! fir/ edition4 ,h[ f> x has fulfill$ ! conditions ( its be+1 x is n = ! au?or to say4 ,x 0 foll[$1 h[ev]1 by ?ree rem>kable books1 :i* call = a %ort notice4 ,9 #ahfd1 appe>$ ,%ort ,:i/1 by ,j4 ,c4 7,james ,clay74 ,clay's "w is an able diss]tation on ! game1 by ! mo/ brilliant play] ( 8 day4 ,he 0 ,*airman ( ! ,committee appo9t$ to revise ! ,laws ( ,:i/ 9 #ahfc4 ,he sat 9 ,p>liam5t = _m ye>s1 be+ ,m4,p4 = ,hull at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 9 #ahgc4 ,9 #ahfe1 ,william ,pole1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,mus4 ,doc4 ,oxon1 publi%$ ,! ,!ory ( ! ,mod]n ,sci5tific ,game ( ,:i/1 a "w :i* conta9s a lucid explanation ( ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( sci5tific play1 address$ especially to novices1 b ( consid]able value to play]s ( all grades4 ,9 #ahhc1 ,dr4 ,pole issu$ ano!r volume1 call$ ,! ,philosophy ( ,:i/4 ,?is is an essay on ! sci5tific & intellectual aspects ( ! mod]n game4 ,x is divid$ into two p>ts1 ,! ,philosophy ( ,:i/ ,play & ,! ,philosophy ( ,:i/ ,probabilities1 ! latt] hav+ be5 /rangely neglect$ s9ce ! publication ( ,hoyle's ,essay t[>ds ,mak+ ! ,doctr9e ( ,*ances ,easy 7#aged74 ,^! books exhibit ! game bo? !oretically & practically1 9 ! p]fect /ate at :i* x has arriv$ dur+ ! two c5turies t h elaps$ s9ce ,:i/ assum$ a def9ite %ape & took its pres5t "n4 ,,footnotes3 #da ,! au?or ( ?is treatise did promise if x met ) approbation1 to make an addition to x by way ( ,app5dix1 :i* he has done accord+ly4--,hoyle4 #db ,au?oris$ z revis$ & correct$ "u 8 own h&4--,hoyle4 #dc ,calculations = ^? :o w bet ! odds on any po9ts ( ! score1 c4--,calculations direct+ ) moral c]ta9ty1 h[ to play well any h& or game1 c4--,hoyle4 #dd ,games to be play$ ) c]ta9 obs]vations1 c4--,hoyle4 #de ,"s g5]al rules to be obs]v$1 c4--,"s p>ticul> rules to be obs]v$1 c4--,hoyle4 #df ,a caution n to "p ) ! comm& ( y\r adv]s>ies' great suit1 c4--,hoyle4 #dg ,) a v>iety ( ,cases add$ 9 ! ,app5dix4--,hoyle4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples4 ,,introductory4 ,be=e ent]+ on an analysis ( ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! ,game ( ,:i/1 x is advisable to expla9 %ortly on :at f\ndation ^! pr9ciples re/2 = x might be suppos$ t a demon/ration ( ! propositions conta9$ 9 ^! pages is ab\t to be (f]$2 t ! *ances = & aga9/ all possible sy/ems ( play h be5 calculat$2 & t ! "o "h upheld c be prov$ to be c]ta9ly "r1 & all o!rs c]ta9ly wrong4 ,su* a view w\ld be altoge!r errone\s4 ,! problem is f> too intricate to admit ( be+ treat$ ) ma!matical precision4 ,! conclusion t ! *ances are 9 fav\r ( a c]ta9 l9e ( play is n arriv$ at by ab/ract calculation1 b by g5]al reason+1 confirm$ by ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( practis$ play]s4 ,! /ud5t mu/ n1 !re=e1 expect absolute pro(4 ,he mu/ frequ5tly be satisfi$ if ! reasons giv5 appe> weighty 9 !mselves1 & none weighti] c be sugge/$ on ! o!r side2 & also ) ! assurance t ! me?od ( play recomm5d$ 9 ?is "w is = ! mo/ "p t :i*1 hav+ /ood ! te/ ( "t1 is g5]ally adopt$4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,h& ,,or ,,lead4 ,! consid]ations t det]m9e ! mo/ advantage\s c>d to lead at ! comm5cem5t ( a h& diff] f ^? :i* regulate ! lead at o!r p]iods2 =1 at />t+1 ! ,doctr9e ( ,probabilities is ! only guide2 :ile1 z ! h& advances1 ea* play] is able1 ) m or less c]ta9ty1 to draw inf]5ces z to ! position ( "s ( ! rema9+ c>ds4 ,! numb] ( ! inf]5ces1 & ! c]ta9ty ) :i* !y c be drawn f ! previ\s play1 con/antly increase2 h5ce x n unfrequ5tly happ5s t1 t[>ds ! t]m9ation ( a h&1 ! position ( e mat]ial c>d is kn[n4 ,9 treat+ ( ! lead1 x w be mo/ conv5i5t to beg9 by exam9+ ! pr9ciples :i* gov]n ! orig9al lead4 ,! application ( ^! pr9ciples w require to be some:at modifi$ 9 ! case ( trumps1 z w appe> h]eaft]4 #a4 ,,lead ,,orig9ally ,,f ,,y\r ,,/ronge/ ,,suit4 ,! fir/ "q t arises is1 ,:i* is ! /ronge/ suit8 ,a suit may be /rong 9 two di/9ct ways4 #a4 ,x may conta9 m ?an its proportion ( high c>ds4 ,= example1 x may conta9 two or m hon\rs--"o hon\r 9 ea* suit be+ ! av]age = ea* h&4 #b4 ,x may consi/ ( m ?an ! av]age numb] ( c>ds1 9 :i* case x is a num]ically /rong or long suit4 ,?us a suit ( f\r c>ds has num]ical /r5g?2 a suit ( five c>ds great num]ical /r5g?4 ,on ! o!r h& a suit ( ?ree c>ds is num]ically weak4 ,9 select+ a suit = ! lead1 num]ical /r5g? is ! pr9cipal po9t to look to2 = x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t aces & k+s are n ! only c>ds :i* make tricks2 twos & ?rees may become q z valuable :5 ! suit is e/abli%$--i4e41 :5 ! high] c>ds ( ! suit are exhau/$4 ,to obta9 = y\r own small c>ds a value t does n intr9sically belong to !m1 & to prev5t ! adv]s>y f obta9+ x = 81 is evid5tly an advantage4 ,bo? ^! ends are advanc$ by *oos+ = y\r orig9al lead ! suit 9 :i* y h ! greate/ num]ical /r5g?2 = y may e/abli% a suit ( ?is description1 :ile1 ow+ to y\r /r5g?1 x is precisely ! suit :i* ! adv]s>y has ! smalle/ *ance ( e/abli%+ aga9/ y4 ,a suit t is num]ically weak1 ?\gh o!rwise /rong1 is f> less eligible4 ,suppose1 = example1 y h five c>ds head$ by 7say7 a t5 9 "o suit1 & ace1 k+1 & "o o!r 7say ! two7 9 ano!r suit4 ,if y lead f ! ace1 k+1 two suit1 all y\r p[] is exhau/$ z soon z y h p>t$ ) ! ace & k+1 & y h giv5 ! hold] ( num]ical /r5g? a capital *ance ( e/abli%+ ! suit4 ,x is true t ?is =tunate p]son may be y\r p>tn]2 b x is twice z likely t he is y\r adv]s>y1 s9ce y h two adv]s>ies & only "o p>tn]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y lead f ! five suit1 ?\gh y\r *ance ( e/abli%+ x is slight1 y1 at all ev5ts1 avoid assi/+ y\r adv]s>y to e/abli% 82 ! ace & k+ ( y\r ?ree suit1 /ill rema9+ 9 y\r h&1 enable y to prev5t ! e/abli%m5t ( t suit1 & may procure y ! lead at an advanc$ p]iod ( ! h&4 ,?is we %all f9d z we proce$ is a great advantage1 especially if1 9 ! c\rse ( play1 y are left ) all ! unplay$ c>ds1 or long c>ds1 ( y\r five suit4 ,! be/ suit ( all to lead f is1 ( c\rse1 "o :i* comb9es bo? elem5ts ( /r5g?4 ,9 op5+ a suit1 !re is always ! dang] ( f9d+ y\r p>tn] v weak1 or ( lead+ up to a t5ace 7i4e41 ! be/ & ?ird be/ c>ds1 or ! second be/ gu>d$7 9 ! h& ( ! f\r? play]4 ,if y lead f a v /rong suit1 ^! dang]s are m ?an comp5sat$ = by ! advantages j expla9$2 if y\r be/ suit is only mod]ately /rong1 ! lead is n pr(itable1 b r ! rev]se4 ,if all y\r suits are weak1 ! lead is v disadvantage\s4 ,! h&1 h[ev] weak1 mu/ hold "o suit ( f\r at lea/1 & ?is1 if only head$ by a t5 or a n9e1 %\ld g5]ally be *os54 ,be+ unable to /rike ! adv]s>y1 y take ! be/ *ance ( n assi/+ him4 ,x foll[s t a suit consi/+ ( a s+le c>d is a v disadvantage\s "o to lead f2 yet no lead is m common1 ev5 among play]s ( "s exp]i5ce4 ,! reason assign$ 9 fav\r ( ?is lead is ! possibility ( mak+ small trumps4 ,b x is important to obs]ve1 t y /& v ne>ly z good a *ance ( mak+ trumps by wait+ = "s "o else to op5 ! suit4 ,if ! suit is op5$ by ! /rong h&1 y\r b>r5ness w n be suspect$2 y w be able1 if necess>y1 to w9 ! second r\nd1 :ile y w be free f ! guilt ( hav+ sacrific$ any high c>d y\r p>tn] may h possess$ 9 ! suit1 or ( hav+ assi/$ 9 e/abli%+ a suit = ! adv]s>y4 ,aga91 y\r p>tn]1 if /rong 9 trumps1 w v likely draw y\rs1 & !n return y\r lead1 imag9+ y l$ f /r5g?4 ,if1 inde$1 he is a %rewd play]1 he w1 aft] be+ tak5 9 once or twice1 accommodate 8 game to y\rs2 b he c nev] be sure ( ! "* ( y\r lead1 & may (t5 miss a great game by n be+ able to dep5d ^u y4 ,if y h great num]ical /r5g? 9 trumps1 ! evils ( a s+le-c>d lead are less5$2 b 9 ?is case1 z w h]eaft] be %[n1 x is g5]ally "r to lead trumps4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! au?or1 x may be laid d[n z an axiom1 t 9 pla9 suits 7i4e41 9 suits n trumps7 ! orig9al lead ( a s+le c>d is 9 no case def5sible4 ,_m play]s w n lead f a /rong suit if head$ by a t5ace2 pref]r+1 = in/ance1 to lead f t51 n9e1 ?ree1 to ace1 que51 f\r1 two4 ,!y argue1 t by hold+ up ! ace1 que5 suit1 !y /& a bett] *ance ( cat*+ ! k+4 ,s f> !y are "r2 b !y pur*ase ?is advantage too de>ly2 = ! probable loss f lead+ ! weak suit may be tak5 z great] ?an ! probable ga9 f hold+ up ! t5ace4 ,:i* c>d ( ! /rong suit %\ld be l$ orig9ally8--,! key to ?is problem is furni%$ by ! rem>k1 t x conduces to ! ultimate e/abli%m5t ( a suit to keep ! high or comm&+ c>ds ( x 9 ! h& t has num]ical /r5g?4 ,9 ! suit ( y\r own *oos+1 y are presumably /rong] ?an y\r p>tn]2 x is !re=e undesirable at once to "p ) y\r high c>ds4 ,h5ce x is be/1 9 g5]al1 to lead ! smalle/4 ,y\r p>tn]1 actuat$ by a desire to assi/ 9 e/abli%+ y\r /rong suit1 w play 8 highe/ c>d to y\r lead 7see ,play ( ,?ird ,h&1 p4 #ib71 &1 if he fails to w9 ! trick1 w1 at all ev5ts1 =ce a high] c>d f ! f\r? play]1 & s help to cle> ! suit = y4 ,ano!r reason 9 fav\r ( lead+ ! l[e/ is1 t x increases y\r *ance ( mak+ tricks 9 ! fir/ two r\nds4 ,= 9 ! fir/ r\nd ( a suit ! second h& g5]ally puts on 8 smalle/ c>d1 z w be se5 h]eaft]4 ,if1 !re=e1 y orig9ally lead ! smalle/1 hold+ ace & o!rs1 ! fir/ trick w1 9 all probability1 lie betwe5 y\r p>tn] & ! la/ play]2 & s9ce !re is no reason :y ! f\r? play] %\ld hold a bett] c>d ?an ! ?ird1 x is ne>ly an ev5 *ance t y\r p>tn] w9s ! trick4 ,x is c]ta9 7b> trump+7 t y w9 ! second r\nd2 !re=e1 if ! suit is l$ ?is way1 x is ab\t an ev5 *ance t y make ! fir/ two tricks4 ,b if y lead out ! ace fir/1 x is two to "o aga9/ y\r mak+ ! second trick1 = ! adv]s>ies h two h&s aga9/ y\r p>tn]'s "o1 & ei!r may hold ! k+4 ,a ?ird reason = lead+ ! l[e/ ( y\r suit is1 t y\r p>tn] may prove utt]ly weak 9 x2 & 9 ?is case x is important t y keep a comm&+ c>d1 to /op ! adv]s>y f e/abli%+ x4 ,x foll[s1 :5 y lead a small c>d orig9ally1 t y\r p>tn] %\ld conclude y h l$ f num]ical /r5g?4 ,!re are ?ree exceptions to ! rule ( orig9ally lead+ ! l[e/ ( a /rong suit4--#a4 ,:5 y lead f ace ) f\r or m small ones4 ,9 ?is case x is consid]$ be/ to beg9 ) ! ace1 le/ x %\ld be trump$ on ! second r\nd4 #b4 ,:5 y\r suit conta9s a /rong sequ5ce1 x is be/ to lead "o ( ! sequ5ce1 9 ord] to prev5t ! adv]s>ies f w9n+ ! fir/ trick ) a v small c>d4 #c4 ,:5 y lead f a suit ( m ?an f\r c>ds 7n head$ by ace & n conta9+ a /rong sequ5ce71 ! f\r?-be/ c>d is l$1 = reasons to be aft]w>ds expla9$4 7,see ,app5dix ,a1 pp4 #bha-f47 ,:5 y int5d to lead f a sequ5ce1 ! c>d to be select$ dep5ds on ! nature ( ! sequ5ce1 namely1 :e!r x is a head sequ5ce or an "u sequ5ce4 ,by a head sequ5ce is meant a sequ5ce ( ! highe/ c>ds ( y\r suit1 i4e41 ( ! c>ds head+ y\r suit2 ?us1 su* a suit z que51 knave t51 six1 conta9s a head sequ5ce ( que51 knave1 t54 ,sequ5ces t d n head y\r suit are "u sequ5ces2 ?us ace1 que51 knave1 t51 is an example ( an "u sequ5ce ( que51 knave1 t54 ,y %\ld-- #b4 ,,lead ,,! ,,highe/ ,,( ,a ,,head ,,sequ5ce 7,except z specifi$ 9 ! ,analysis ( ,leads1 pp4 #fd-ga74 ,=1 o!rwise1 y\r p>tn] is unc]ta9 :]e ! highe/ lies1 & y & he may play two w9n+ c>ds :]e "o w\ld h suffic$4 ,= in/ance1 if1 ) que51 knave1 t51 y lead ! t51 y\r p>tn] may put ! k+ on x1 b he c]ta9ly w\ld n on ! que54 ,9 addition to ?is1 if !re is any f9ess+ to be done 9 ! suit1 x c only be by y\r p>tn]4 ,by f9ess+ is meant play+ an inf]ior c>d ?\gh hold+ a high] "o ( ! suit1 n 9 sequ5ce ) ! c>d play$4 ,?us1 to cont9ue ! illu/ration ( ! sequ5ce ( que51 knave1 t54 ,y lead ! que54 ,y\r p>tn] has ! ace & o!rs4 ,he w n put x on1 b w f9esse by play+ 8 smalle/ c>d2 & if ! k+ lies to y\r left1 t c>d is completely hemm$ 94 ,_h y l$ ! t51 y\r p>tn] w\ld h put on ! ace1 & ! k+ h be5 fre$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y lead f an "u sequ5ce1 y %\ld lead ! l[e/1 ! reason be+ t1 9 ?is case1 y wi% y\r p>tn] to put on 8 highe/ c>d4 ,= example1 ) k+1 t51 n9e1 eight1 y %\ld lead ! eight & n ! t51 z if y\r p>tn]'s highe/ c>d is ! knave1 y wi% him to put x on t he may n aft]w>ds block y\r suit by reta9+ a comm&+ c>d ( x4 ,or1 suppose y\r p>tn]'s be/ c>d is ! que51 ! lead ( ! t5 w\ld probably induce him to f9esse1 & ?us give ! adv]s>y a *ance ( mak+ ! knave ! fir/ r\nd1 & ( reta9+ ! ace 9 h&1 al?\gh y & y\r p>tn] hold two hon\rs 9 ! suit4 ,if y\r p>tn] puts on ! que51 y are /ill able to f9esse ! n9e :5 ! suit is return$1 & ?is is mu* m advantage\s ?an y\r p>tn]'s pass+ ! t54 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! f9esse is po/pon$ to ! second r\nd1 :51 m c>ds hav+ be5 play$1 y h m data to guide y z to ! policy ( mak+ ! f9esse2 &1 9 ! next place1 if y h a *oice z to :e!r y or y\r p>tn] %all f9esse 9 y\r /rong suit1 x is1 z a rule1 m advantage\s = y to d x4 ,=1 z already expla9$1 x conduces to ! e/abli%m5t ( a suit = ! /rong h& to reta9 ! comm& ( x1 & = ! presumably weak h& to play 8 highe/ c>ds4 ,) sequ5ces nei!r at ! top nor at ! bottom ( a suit 7int]m$iate sequ5ces71 ! c>d to lead is ! l[e/ ( ! int]m$iate sequ5ce4 ,play]s :o adopt ,am]ican ,leads w1 h[ev]1 select ! f\r?-be/ c>d :5 lead+ a l[ c>d f suits ( m ?an f\r c>ds1 :e!r or n ! suit conta9s an "u sequ5ce1 or an int]m$iate sequ5ce 7) ! sole exception ( t51 l$ f k+1 knave1 t51 & small74 ,?us1 f k+1 knave1 t51 n9e1 :e!r accompani$ by ! eight or by small] c>ds1 !y lead ! n9e2 & s on = o!r comb9ations4 7,see ,app5dix ,a1 pp4 #bha-f74 ,,analysis ,,( ,,leads ,,9 ,,detail4 7,see also ,app5dix ,a1 pp4 #bha-f1 & ,app5dix ,c1 pp4 #bhi-id47 ,! foll[+ analysis %\ld be famili>ly kn[n by e play]1 n only t he himself may foll[ x1 b also t he may =m a correct idea ( ! c>ds ! o!r play]s hold1 by obs]v+ :at !y lead4 ,ace1 k+1 que51 knave 79 trumps74 ,lead knave1 !n ace4 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead que5 aft] ace4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead k+ aft] ace4 ,ace1 k+1 que51 knave 79 pla9 suits74 ,lead k+1 !n knave4 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead que5 aft] knave4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead ace aft] knave4 ,ace1 k+1 que51 ) or )\t small ones 79 trumps74 ,lead que54 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead k+ aft] que54 ,) only f\r or ?ree 9 suit1 lead ace aft] que54 ,ace1 k+1 que51 ) or )\t small ones 79 pla9 suits74 ,lead k+1 !n que54 ,ace1 k+1 knave1 c4 ,lead k+1 !n ace4 ,sometimes x is "r1 m especially 9 trumps1 to lead k+1 !n to *ange ! suit1 & to f9esse ! knave on ! return1 p>ticul>ly if que5 is turn$ up to y\r "r4 ,) m ?an five trumps x is seldom advisable to wait = ! f9esse4 ,no positive rule c be laid d[n1 ei!r = trumps or pla9 suits4 ,ace1 k+1 & small 79 trumps74 ,lead k+1 !n ace1 if y h at lea/ five small ones4 ,o!rwise1 lead a small "o 7! f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 ,ace1 k+1 & small 79 pla9 suits74 ,lead k+1 !n ace4 ,k+ is l$ be=e ace to in=m y\r p>tn] t y hold ! w9n+ c>d ( y\r suit1 9 case y %\ld ?9k fit to *ange ! suit1 or 9 case ! f\r? play] %\ld h none ( x4 ,if y\r p>tn] has none1 he %\ld n trump1 =1 ev5 if y d n hold ! ace1 y want ! adv]s>y to play x1 t he may n reta9 ! w9n+ c>d ( y\r suit4 ,:5 op5+ a pla9 suit1 head$ by ace1 k+1 aft] hav+ be5 =c$ to trump1 lead ! ace fir/4 ,if y beg9 ) ! k+1 & y\r p>tn] happ5s to h none ( ! suit1 he might trump ! k+1 9 ord] to lead aga9 ! suit y h already trump$4 ,if int]m$iate c>ds fall & y rema9 ) ! comm& & ! next be/1 y in=m y\r p>tn] ( ! fact by cont9u+ ) ! next be/4 ,?us3--,y lead k+ f ace1 k+1 knave1 etc4 ,to ! k+1 y\r p>tn] drops ! que54 ,y %\ld next lead ! knave4 ,ace1 que51 knave1 t51 ) or )\t o!rs4 ,lead ace1 !n t51 ev5 ?\gh "o ( y\r o!rs is ! n9e4 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead knave aft] t54 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead que5 aft] t54 ,ace1 que51 knave1 & small4 ,lead ace4 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead knave aft] ace4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead que5 aft] ace4 ,ace1 que51 t51 c4 79 trumps74 ,if knave is turn$ up to y\r "r1 lead que54 ,ace & small ones 79 trumps74 ,lead ace1 if y h sev5 9 suit1 & !n a small "o 7! orig9al f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 ,lead a small "o 7! f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]71 ) less ?an sev5 9 suit4 ,obvi\s v>iations1 tak+ into acc\nt ! trump c>d1 are omitt$4 ,x is assum$1 e4g41 t1 if y\r p>tn] has turn$ up ! k+1 y w\ld lead a small "o f ace1 que51 knave1 c41 or f ace & any numb] ( small c>ds4 ,ace & small ones 79 pla9 suits74 ,lead ace1 ) five or m 9 suit4 ,lead a small "o aft] ace 7! orig9al f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 ,lead l[e/1 ) only f\r 9 suit1 ! c>ds be+ ( a l[] d5om9ation ?an 9 ! leads already enum]at$4 ,k+1 que51 knave1 t51 ) or )\t o!rs4 ,lead t51 ev5 ?\gh "o ( y\r o!rs is ! n9e4 7a47 ,if t5 w9s ! trick3-- ,) m ?an five 9 suit1 lead knave aft] t54 ,) five 9 suit1 lead que5 aft] t54 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead k+ aft] t54 7b47 ,if t5 =ces ace3-- ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead knave aft] t54 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead que5 aft] t54 ,! common practice is 7or 07 to lead que5 aft] t51 9 all cases1 to in=m y\r p>tn] t ! lead 0 f k+1 que51 knave1 t51 & n f k+1 knave1 t54 ,b1 if ! t5 w9s ! trick1 ! m]e fact ( cont9u+ ) a high c>d in=ms y\r p>tn] t ! lead 0 f k+1 que51 knave1 t52 =1 ) ! only o!r comb9ation f :i* t5 is fir/ l$1 7viz41 k+1 knave1 t571 if ! t5 w9s1 ! next lead is a small c>d4 ,if ! t5 =ces ! ace1 & y\r p>tn] c give y cr$it = n lead+ a los+ c>d :5 y hold a w9n+ "o1 he is in=m$1 by ! second lead ( any high c>d b ! k+1 t y l$ f k+1 que51 knave1 t54 ,!re=e1 que5 & knave are high indiff]5t c>ds1 & y select ! knave to %[ five or m orig9ally2 ! que5 to %[ f\r exactly 7see ,app5dix ,a74 ,k+1 que51 knave1 & m ?an "o small4 ,lead knave4 ,) m ?an five 9 suit1 lead que5 aft] knave4 ,) only five 9 suit1 lead k+ aft] knave4 ,k+1 que51 knave1 & "o small "o4 ,lead k+1 !n knave4 ,if ! k+ w9s ! fir/ trick x is n safe to g on ) a small "o1 ace be+ sometimes held up by ! adv]s>y1 especially 9 trumps4 ,k+1 que51 & small ones 79 trumps47 ,lead k+1 if y h sev5 9 suit1 or if "o ( y\r small ones is ! t54 ,lead a small "o 7! f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]71 ) less ?an sev5 trumps1 & n hold+ ! t54 ,if k+ is l$1 & x w9s1 aft] k+ lead a small "o 7! orig9al f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 ,k+1 que51 & small ones 79 pla9 suits74 ,lead k+4 ,if ! k+ w9s1 aft] k+ lead a small "o 7! orig9al f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 ,k+1 knave1 t51 n9e1 ) or )\t small ones4 ,lead n9e1 ev5 ?\gh y also hold ! eight4 7a47 ,if n9e w9s ! trick3-- ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead t5 aft] n9e4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead knave aft] n9e4 7b47 ,if n9e =ces que51 or bo? que5 & ace3-- ,) m ?an five 9 suit1 lead t5 aft] n9e4 ,) five 9 suit1 lead knave aft] n9e4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead k+ aft] n9e4 7c47 ,if n9e =ces ace1 b n que51 k+ mu/ be l$ aft] n9e4 ,!n 7?ird lead71 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit orig9ally1 lead t5 aft] k+4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead knave aft] k+4 ,k+1 knave1 t51 ) "o or m small ones4 ,lead t54 ,if ! t5 w9s ! trick1 lead a small "o aft] t5 7! orig9al f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 ,if ! t5 =ces ! que51 or bo? que5 & ace3 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit lead knave aft] t54 ,) f\r 9 suit1 lead k+ aft] t54 ,if ! t5 =ces ! ace1 & n ! que51 k+ mu/ be l$ aft] t54 ,k+1 knave1 n9e1 c4 79 trumps74 ,if t5 is turn$ up to y\r "r1 lead knave4 ,k+ & small ones4 ,f all /rong suits head$ by k+1 o!r ?an ^? already enum]at$1 lead a small "o 7! f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 ,que51 knave1 t51 n9e1 ) or )\t o!rs4 ,lead que51 !n n9e1 ev5 ?\gh "o ( y\r o!rs is ! eight4 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead t5 aft] n9e4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead knave aft] n9e4 ,que51 knave1 t51 & small4 ,lead que54 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead t5 aft] que54 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead knave aft] que54 ,que51 knave1 n9e1 c4 79 trumps74 ,if t5 is turn$ up to y\r "r1 lead que54 ,que51 knave1 & small ones4 ,f all /rong suits head$ by que51 knave 7or by que571 o!r ?an ^? already enum]at$1 lead a small "o 7! f\r?-be/1 if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 ,f que51 knave1 n9e 7six or m 9 suit71 if an ,am]ican ,lead]1 lead f\r?-be/4 ,if n1 lead que54 ,knave1 t51 n9e1 eight1 ) or )\t small1 ones4 ,9 trumps1 if que5 or k+ is turn$ up to y\r left1 lead knave4 ,o!rwise1 9 trumps or pla9 suits1 7a47 ,if ! second h& is kn[n to adopt ! practice1 ev5 ?\gh num]ically weak 9 ! suit1 ( n cov]+ an hon\r ) an hon\r 7o!r ?an ! ace1 see p4 #hh71 lead eight4 ,) m ?an five 9 suit1 lead n9e aft] eight4 ,) five 9 suit1 lead t5 aft] eight4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead knave aft] eight4 7b47 ,if ! second h& adh]es to ! old practice ( cov]+ an hon\r ) an hon\r :5 num]ically weak 9 ! suit1 lead knave1 !n eight4 ,& ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead n9e aft] eight4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead t5 aft] eight4 ,knave1 t51 n9e1 & small4 ,9 trumps1 if k+ or que5 is turn$ up to y\r left1 lead knave4 ,o!rwise1 9 trumps or pla9 suits1 7a47 ,if ! second h&1 :5 num]ically weak1 does n cov] an hon\r ) an hon\r 7o!r ?an ace71 lead a small "o 7! f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 7b47 ,if ! second h&1 :5 num]ically weak1 cov]s an hon\r ) an hon\r1 lead knave4 ,&1 ,) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 lead n9e aft] knave4 ,) only f\r 9 suit1 lead t5 aft] knave4 ,knave1 t51 eight1 c4 79 trumps74 ,if n9e is turn$ up to y\r "r1 lead knave4 ,knave1 t51 & small ones4 ,f all /rong suits head$ by knave1 t5 7or by knave71 ) ! exceptions enum]at$1 lead a small "o 7! f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 ,suits ( f\r or m c>ds )\t an hon\r4 ,lead a small c>d 7! f\r?-be/ if an ,am]ican ,lead]74 #c4 ,,lead ,,! ,,highe/ ,,( ,a ,,num]ically ,,weak ,,suit4 ,:5 x is y\r fate to op5 a num]ically weak suit1 y\r object %\ld be to d z little h>m z possible4 ,y _c expect to w9 _m tricks1 s y mu/ d all y c to assi/ or /r5g!n y\r p>tn] by lead+ high or /r5g!n+ c>ds2 =1 by lead+ ! highe/ ( a suit num]ically weak1 y take ! be/ *ance ( keep+ ! /r5g? 9 y\r p>tn]'s h&1 %\ld he happ5 to hold x4 ,y w n (t5 be driv5 to op5 a weak suit orig9ally1 z "o ( y\r suits mu/ conta9 z _m z f\r c>ds4 ,b x may s turn out t y\r f\r-c>d suit is compos$ ( v small c>ds inde$1 9 :i* case y might pref] to op5 a suit conta9+ bett] c>ds1 ?\gh num]ically weak]4 ,e "o c see t ace1 k+1 que51 is a bett] suit to op5 ?an five1 f\r1 ?ree1 two2 b1 z y desc5d 9 "o scale & asc5d 9 ! o!r1 !re comes a po9t :]e ! two descriptions ( /r5g? ne>ly or q balance4 ,) h&s conta9+ only a suit ( f\r small c>ds--say none high] ?an ! sev5 or eight1 & suits ( ?ree c>ds ( high] value--! *oice is sometimes difficult4 ,also1 ) h&s 9 :i* y\r only f\r-c>d suit is ! trump suit1 y might sometimes deem x advisable to op5 "o ( ! o!r suits1 z a small] evil ?an lead+ a trump4 ,z a rule1 :5 y are 9 d\bt1 /ick to ! g5]al pr9ciple1 & lead f y\r f\r-c>d suit1 ev5 ?\gh x is ! trump suit4 ,:5ev] y decide on op5+ a suit ( b ?ree c>ds1 *oose1 if possible1 "o 9 :i* y hold a sequ5ce :i* may be ( b5efit to y\r p>tn]1 z que51 knave1 t52 que51 knave1 & "o small "o2 knave1 t51 & "o o!r1 & s on1 & lead ! highe/4 ,if y h no sequ5ce1 lead f y\r /ronge/ weak suit4 ,?us1 two hon\rs n 9 sequ5ce1 & "o small "o1 is a bett] lead ?an ace & two small ones1 or k+ & two small ones4 ,^!1 aga91 %\ld be *os5 9 pref]5ce to que5 & two small ones4 ,:5 lead+ f a num]ically weak suit t conta9s ace1 k+1 or que51 b no sequ5ce1 if y h any indication f ! previ\s play t y\r p>tn] is /rong 9 ! suit 7z w be expla9$ 9 ,section #d71 lead ! highe/4 ,b hav+ no guide z to 8 /r5g? lead ! l[e/4 ,y run ! risk ( mak+ y\r p>tn] ?9k y h l$ f num]ical /r5g?2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 by lead+ out ! high c>d1 y at once give up ! comm& ( ! suit1 &1 unless y\r p>tn] has /r5g? 9 x 7! *ances be+ aga9/ ?is71 y leave y\rself at ! m]cy ( ! oppon5ts4 ,! case is diff]5t ) num]ically weak suits head$ by a knave or a l[] c>d4 ,( ^! suits y %\ld lead ! highe/2 by reta9+ su* a c>d z ! knave y w\ld sc>cely ev] be able to /op ! adv]s>ies f e/abli%+ ! suit1 %\ld !y be /rong 9 x2 &1 by lead+ out ! high c>d1 y d all y c to aid y\r p>tn]1 %\ld he h /r5g?4 ,ace & "o o!r1 k+ & "o o!r1 or que5 & "o o!r1 are v bad suits to lead f4 ,by hold+ !m up y & y\r p>tn] /& a bett] *ance ( mak+ tricks 9 ! suit2 & if x %\ld be ! adv]s>ies' suit 7! *ances be+ two to "o t x is7 y keep ! p[] ( ob/ruct+ x & ( obta9+ ! lead at advanc$ p]iods ( ! h&4 ,if y lead f ace1 k+ only1 lead ace1 !n k+4 ,x foll[s t :5 y lead a high c>d 9 ! fir/ r\nd ( a suit1 & 9 ! next drop a l[] "o 7subject to ! rules respect+ leads f sequ5ces & ! lead f suits ( five or m c>ds71 y\r p>tn] %\ld inf] y h l$ f a weak suit4 ,?us1 suppose y lead a n9e1 :i* is call$ an equivocal c>d1 z x comes f bo? /rong & weak suits4 ,if 9 ! second r\nd y\r p>tn] c inf] t y hold a high] c>d1 he kn[s y h l$ f /r5g?4 ,b if 9 ! second r\nd y lead 7say7 ! eight1 y\r p>tn] may be equally c]ta9 t ! =m] c>d 0 ! highe/ ( y\r weak suit4 #d4 ,,avoid ,,*ang+ ,,suits4 ,:5 y obta9 ! lead aft] "o or m tricks h be5 play$1 ! "q arises :e!r or n y %\ld op5 a fre% suit4 ,if y h _h ! lead be=e1 x is g5]ally advisable to pursue y\r orig9al lead1 = y ?us take ! be/ *ance ( e/abli%+ ! suit1 & y op5 a fre% suit to a disadvantage4 ,! fall ( ! c>ds 9 ! previ\s r\nds may cause y to alt] y\r game4 ,?us1 ! previ\s play may h already e/abli%$ y\r suit1 or may h s ne>ly e/abli%$ x z to ju/ify y 9 lead+ trumps1 z h]eaft] expla9$2 or y\r p>tn] may h %[n a v /rong suit1 or a /rong trump h&1 :i* may modify y\r game4 ,aga91 y\r p>tn] may prove utt]ly weak 9 y\r suit2 y w\ld !n (t5 discont9ue x1 unless hold+ ! w9n+ c>ds or a /rong sequ5ce1 because1 ) ^! exceptions1 y\r cont9u+ x gives ! adv]s>y ! opportunity ( f9ess+ aga9/ y1 & ( cutt+ up y\r suit2 or y may sometimes discont9ue a suit if y expect x w be trump$ 7z w be fur!r expla9$ 9 ,sections #ac-af72 b1 fail+ su* indications1 x is be/1 z a rule1 to pursue ! orig9al lead4 ,if y h n _h ! lead be=e1 x is 9 mo/ cases advisable to op5 y\r /rong suit1 :5 y possess great /r5g? 9 any suit1 = y op5 su* suit to advantage2 b ) weak or only mod]ately /rong suits1 :i* y op5 to a disadvantage1 y w\ld1 z a rule1 d bett] to return y\r p>tn]'s orig9al lead1 or to lead up to ! weak suit ( y\r "r-h& adv]s>y1 or ?r\gh ! /rong suit ( y\r left-h& adv]s>y4 ,:5 9 d\bt z to op5+ y\r own suit or return+ y\r p>tn]'s1 y %\ld1 z a g5]al rule1 be guid$ by y\r /r5g? 9 trumps4 ,) a /rong trump h& play y\r own game2 ) a weak trump h& play y\r p>tn]'s game4 ,if y\r p>tn] has _h a lead1 & y are ?or\ghly conv]sant ) ! sy/em ( lead+ develop$ 9 ,sections #b & #c1 & ) ! ,analysis ( ,leads 7pp4 #fd-ga71 y "k by ! value ( ! c>d he has l$ :e!r he is /rong or weak 9 t suit1 unless he has l$ an equivocal c>d1 :i* is l$ f bo? /rong & weak suits4 ,9 ?is case1 if y h no evid5ce f y\r own h&1 or f ! fall ( ! c>ds1 y presume1 ) a good p>tn]1 t he has l$ f /r5g?4 ,b y mo/ly h "s evid5ce2 = in/ance1 if he leads a t5 orig9ally1 he has l$ f k+1 que51 knave1 t52 f k+1 knave1 t52 or ! highe/ ( 8 suit4 ,if y hold--or ei!r adv]s>y plays--k+ or knave1 y "k t y\r p>tn] has l$ ! highe/ ( 8 suit4 ,b1 9 ! abs5ce ( ^! c>ds1 & especially if ! t5 w9s ! fir/ r\nd1 or falls to ! ace or que51 y may conclude t y\r p>tn]'s lead 0 f /r5g?1 & y w\ld d p]fectly "r to return x4 ,:5 y h won ! fir/ trick 9 y\r p>tn]'s lead *eaply1 y mu/ be cauti\s 9 return+ x1 z ! /r5g? mu/ be betwe5 y\r p>tn] & y\r "r-h& adv]s>y4 ,= example1 say ,a1 ,y1 ,b1 ,z1 are ! f\r play]s1 & t !y sit 9 ?is ord] r\nd ! table1 s t ,a leads & ,z is la/ play]4 ,if ,a leads a small c>d ( a pla9 suit1 ,y plays a small "o1 & ,b 7?ird play]7 puts on 8 be/ c>d1 ! que51 :i* w9s ! trick1 x is cle> t ,z c h nei!r ace nor k+2 ,a _c h !m bo?1 or he w\ld h l$ "o1 !re=e ,y mu/ h "o ( !m at lea/2 &1 if ,b returns ! lead1 he leads up to ,y's /r5g?1 & may cut up 8 p>tn]'s suit4 ,by obs]v+ ! c>d l$ by ei!r adv]s>y1 y c simil>ly tell :e!r he has l$ f /r5g? or weakness2 s also y c judge f ! c>d play$ ?ird h& by ! adv]s>y :e!r he is weak1 x be+ presum$ t ! ?ird play] puts on 8 be/4 ,x is advantage\s to lead up to a weak suit1 because y compel ! second h& to put on a high c>d1 or give y\r p>tn] ! opportunity ( f9ess+4 ,x is g5]ally less advantage\s to lead ?r\gh a /rong suit1 unless y are sure t ! second h& is n v /rong1 & t ! f\r? h& is weak4 ,o!rwise1 by cont9u+ ! suit1 y may be e/abli%+ x = ! adv]s>y1 & gett+ rid ( ! comm& ( x f y\r p>tn]'s h&4 ,9 discuss+ leads f weak suits x 0 suppos$1 = ! sake ( conv5i5ce1 t ! lead] _h no indication f ! play to guide him4 ,b 9 practice1 9 by f> ! great] numb] ( cases1 weak suits are op5$ late 9 a h& :5 inf]5ce f previ\s play has giv5 an insight into ! /r5g? or weakness ( ! sev]al play]s4 ,?us1 y comm5ce ) y\r /rong suit2 y\r p>tn] fails to %[ any /r5g? 9 x4 ,aft] sev]al o!r tricks are play$ y get ! lead aga91 rema9+ ) 7say7 k+ & two o!rs ( y\r fir/ lead4 ,y d n wi% to take "o ( ! gu>ds f y\r k+1 & y d n deem x advisable to lead a c>d :i* y\r p>tn] may be oblig$ to trump4 ,y !re=e try ano!r suit4 ,by ?is "t y "k1 ei!r by ! adv]s>ies' leads :at _! /rong suits are1 or by ! play]s' disc>ds 7i4e41 by ! c>ds !y ?r[ away :5 n able to foll[ suit17 :at _! weak suits are1 z w be expla9$ "u disc>d+4 ,guid$ by ^! indications1 y make *oice ( a suit = y\r second lead 9 :i* y\r p>tn] is probably /rong1 & "u su* circum/ances y w\ld1 z a rule1 lead ! highe/ ( ! suit ( y\r second *oos+1 if num]ically weak 9 x4 ,:5 y h l$ a /r5g!n+ c>d1 & x w9s ! trick1 y c r>ely d bett] ?an cont9ue ) y\r next highe/4 ,= example3 f que51 knave1 & ?ree y lead ! que51 :i* goes r\nd4 ,x h>dly requires to be /at$ t y make ! be/ use ( y\r suit by cont9u+ ) ! knave4 ,:5 y\r /r5g!n+ c>d does n w91 ! c\rse ( ! play is ! only guide z to :e!r y %\ld cont9ue ! suit4 ,! application ( ! consid]ations advanc$ 9 ?is ,section w g5]ally in=m y :]e ! /rong & weak suits lie1 & y w act accord+ly1 giv+ y\r p>tn] 8 /rong suit1 or1 if he has n %[n "o1 lead+ up to ! weak suit ( ! "r-h& adv]s>y1 or ?r\gh ! /rong suit ( ! left-h& adv]s>y4 ,x has sev]al times be5 assum$ t x is advantage\s to h ! lead at advanc$ p]iods ( a h&2 we n[ see "o pr9cipal reason :y x is s4 ,! lead] kn[s by obs]vation :]e ! /rong & ! weak suits lie1 & he w g5]ally be able to make use ( ?is k 9 assi/+ 8 p>tn]1 or 9 ob/ruct+ 8 oppon5ts4 ,! pr9ciples expla9$ 9 ! prec$+ pages apply ma9ly to ! orig9al lead1 or to leads e>ly 9 a h&4 ,!y apply also to leads g5]ally2 b1 at advanc$ p]iods ( ! h&1 & t[>ds its close1 _! application is frequ5tly modifi$ by inf]5ces f ! previ\s play1 & by ! /ate ( ! score4 ,examples ( dep>ture f ! rules "h laid d[n w be pres5t$ 9 ! illu/rative h&s4 ,9 ! second r\nd ( a suit-- #e4 ,,return ,,! ,,l[e/ ,,( ,a ,,/rong ,,suit1 ,,! ,,highe/ ,,( ,a ,,weak ,,suit4 ,:5 y return y\r p>tn]'s lead1 ! c>d y %\ld *oose to lead ! second r\nd dep5ds on ! numb] ( c>ds ( ! suit y h rema9+4 ,?us1 if y rema9 ) ?ree c>ds1 y mu/ h _h f\r at fir/4 ,y !re=e _h /r5g? 9 ! suit1 & y %\ld return ! smalle/ ( ! ?ree rema9+ c>ds1 agreeably to ! pr9ciple t ) /r5g? x is to y\r advantage to reta9 ! comm& 9 y\r own h&4 ,if y rema9 ) two c>ds only1 y %\ld return ! high] "o1 to /r5g!n y\r p>tn]2 &1 simil>ly1 if y h disc>d$ "o ( a f\r-suit1 & are left ) two only at ! "t y return x1 y h de/roy$ ! num]ical p[] ( y\r suit1 & %\ld !re=e treat x z a weak suit1 & return ! high] c>d ( ! two rema9+ 9 y\r h&4 ,! advantages ( ?is pr9ciple are num]\s4 ,9 ! case t y & y\r p>tn] are bo? num]ically /rong1 ! return ( ! l[e/ prev5ts him f f9ess+ 9 a suit :i* mu/ be trump$ ?ird r\nd4 ,fur!r1 if y\r h& is weak1 y naturally return a suit 9 :i* y inf] t y\r p>tn] is /rong4 ,y !n return a /r5g!n+ c>d to get a high c>d ( y\r p>tn]'s /rong suit out ( 8 way1 & y enable him to f9esse if he ?9ks prop]1 & s to keep ! comm& ( 8 suit 9 8 own h&4 ,x is true t ) two small c>ds only 7say ! five & ! six7 y d n /r5g!n y\r p>tn] by return+ ! six4 ,b !re is a collat]al advantage 9 keep+ to ! rule ev5 ) small c>ds--y enable a good p>tn] to calculate h[ _m y h left ( ! suit1 & (t5 :]e ! rema9d] ( x lies4 ,?us1 y\r p>tn] leads a small c>d ( a suit ( :i* y h k+1 ?ree1 & two4 ,y1 z ?ird play]1 put on ! k+4 ,if y return ! suit1 y return ! ?ree1 & n ! two1 :5 x ought to be inf]r$1 ei!r t y h return$ ! smalle/ ( a suit ( f\r or m1 or t y h no m ( ! suit left1 or ! two only4 ,:5 y\r two comes d[n 9 ! ?ird r\nd x ought to be c]ta9 t y h no m4 ,if y\r p>tn] has confid5ce 9 y1 he c (t5 calculate :at y h left be=e ! ?ird r\nd is play$2 ?us1 9 ! above in/ance1 y\r p>tn]1 n hav+ ! two himself1 & see+ t x does n drop f ! adv]s>ies1 concludes1 ) tol]able c]ta9ty1 t y rema91 aft] ! second r\nd1 ) ! two & no m4 ,!re are two exceptions to ! rule ( play above /at$3 #a4 ,:5 y hold ! w9n+ c>d y return x1 :atev] numb] ( c>ds y hold1 le/ x %\ld be trump$ ! ?ird r\nd1 or1 y\r p>tn]1 imag9+ x to be aga9/ him1 %\ld f9esse2 & #b4 ,:5 y hold ! second & ?ird be/1 9 pla9 suits1 y return ! highe/4 ,?us1 suppose y h que51 knave1 t51 & "o small "o ( a suit ( :i* y\r p>tn] leads a small "o1 y 7?ird h&7 put on ! t51 :i* is won by 7say7 ! ace4 ,if y aft]w>ds return ! suit1 y %\ld return ! que51 = y n only =ce out ! k+1 if aga9/ y1 b y also d n block y\r p>tn]'s suit1 %\ld he h l$ f great num]ical /r5g?1 say five c>ds to ! n9e1 an advantage :i* y lose by return+ ! small "o4 ,x %\ld also be obs]v$ t1 occasionally1 :5 y return y\r adv]s>y's /rong lead1 y d n lead ! high] ( two rema9+ c>ds1 especially if y hold ! second be/ gu>d$4 ,= example1 y are ,a2 ,y is y\r left-h& adv]s>y4 ,y has l$ a k+1 :i* 0 won by ! ace1 leav+ ,y ) ! que5 & o!rs4 ,y rema9 ) knave & "o small "o4 ,if y are driv5 to return ?is suit1 y %\ld return ! small "o4 ,! que5 w probably be put on second h&1 & y w rema9 ) ! be/4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,second ,,h&4 ,9 ! fir/ r\nd ( a suit1 y %\ld g5]ally1 #f4 ,,play ,,y\r ,,l[e/ ,,c>d ,,second ,,h&4 ,y presume t ! fir/ h& has l$ f /r5g?1 &1 if y h a high c>d 9 8 suit1 y lie ov] him :5 x is l$ aga92 :]eas1 if y play y\r high c>d second h&1 y get rid ( a comm&+ c>d ( ! adv]s>y's suit1 &1 :5 x is return$1 ! orig9al lead] f9esses aga9/ y4 ,besides ?is1 ! ?ird play] w put on 8 highe/ c>d1 &1 if x is bett] ?an y\rs1 y h wa/$ p[] to no purpose4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y h a sequ5ce ( high c>ds1 y %\ld put on "o ( ! sequ5ce second h&1 =1 if y pass ! trick altoge!r1 ! ?ird h& may w9 ) a v l[ c>d1 or1 ) 8 l[ c>d1 may =ce a high "o f y\r p>tn]4 ,! *ief objection to play+ an unsupport$ high c>d does n apply1 z ! lead] _c successfully f9esse aga9/ y 9 ! next r\nd4 ,) a mod]ate sequ5ce1 su* z que51 knave--knave1 t5--t51 n9e--y play ! l[e/ ( ! sequ5ce if y are num]ically weak2 b1 ) m ?an ?ree c>ds ( ! suit1 y pass a small c>d l$1 agreeably to ! pr9ciple already discuss$--t 9 weak suits y play to /r5g!n y\r p>tn]1 b 9 /rong ones y leave him to help y4 ,= in/ance3 ! lead] 7,a7 has k+1 t51 n9e1 eight1 sev5 ( a suit2 ! second play] 7,y7 has que51 knave1 & "o small "o2 ! f\r? play] 7,z7 has ace & two small ones4 ,a leads a small c>d2 ,y %\ld play ! knave2 if he does n1 ! c>d l$ =ces ,z's ace4 ,x is true t ?is happ5s also if ,y passes ) que51 knave1 & two small ones2 b ,y1 9 ?is case1 has a gu>d to 8 que5 & knave1 & is left ) ! two w9n+ c>ds aft] ! second r\nd ( ! suit4 ,) a sequ5ce l[] ?an t51 n9e1 !re is no advantage 9 putt+ on "o ( ! sequ5ce2 s ! l[e/ %\ld !n be play$ second h&1 9 con=mity ) ! g5]al pr9ciple4 #g4 ,,play ,,! ,,l[e/ ,,( ,a ,,sequ5ce4 ,:5 y d n head a trick1 y ?r[ away y\r l[e/ c>d to economise y\r /r5g?4 ,?us1 ) que5 & two small ones1 y w\ld n ?r[ ! que5 to k+ l$4 ,x is an error to suppose t x is ( no consequ5ce :i* c>d y play :5 y hold only small c>ds or c>ds 9 sequ5ce4 ,x is n ( mu* consequ5ce z reg>ds m]ely ! *ance ( mak+ tricks2 b x is ( great importance 9 af=d+ in=mation to p>tn]4 ,?us1 suppose ! play]s to be z be=e1 ,a1 ,y1 ,b1 ,z4 ,a leads ! ?ree ( a suit1 ,y plays ! five1 ,b ! f\r4 ,x ought to be c]ta9 t ,b has no m ( ! suit1 x be+ presum$ t he1 n be+ able to head ! trick1 ?r[s away 8 smalle/4 ,if he aft]w>ds plays ! two1 & x turns out t he previ\sly play$ ! f\r ?r\gh c>elessness1 8 p>tn] loses confid5ce1 & gives up all hopes ( draw+ correct inf]5ces f 8 play4 ,! pr9ciple applies equally to c>ds 9 sequ5ce4 ,?us1 say que5 is l$1 & y 7second h&7 hold ace & k+2 if y put on ! k+1 y\r p>tn] ga9s ! v important in=mation t y h ! ace also4 ,= que5 is n l$ f ace1 que51 c41 s ! lead] _c h ! ace2 ! ?ird h& _c h x1 or he w\ld w9 ! k+2 & ! f\r?1 n hav+ x himself1 inf]s t y h x4 ,if y put on ! ace1 n only c\ld he n tell t y hold ! k+1 b w\ld assume t x lay ) ! lead]'s p>tn]4 ,! pr9ciple1 ?\gh /at$ = ! sake ( conv5i5ce 9 respect ( ! second h&1 applies to ! ?ird & f\r? h&s also4 7,= a full] exam9ation ( ?is po9t see ,section #ab47 ,illu/ration ,,analysis ,,( ,,play ,,( ,,second ,,h& ,,9 ,,detail4 7,see ,note on ,analysis ( ,leads1 p4 #fd47 ,ace1 k+1 que51 c4 ,play l[e/ ( ace1 k+1 que5 sequ5ce4 ,ace1 k+1 knave1 c4 ,play k+ 7b see p4 #hi74 ,on ! second r\nd ( ! suit1 x becomes a matt] ( judgm5t :e!r y %\ld play ace or f9esse knave4 ,no positive rule c be laid d[n4 ,ace1 k+1 c4 ,play k+4 ,9 trumps x is sometimes "r to pass1 leav+ ! *ance ( ! fir/ trick to y\r p>tn]4 ,obvi\s alt]ations on acc\nt ( ! trump c>d are omitt$4 ,x is cle> t1 ) ace1 k+1 c41 if y\r p>tn] has turn$ up ! que51 y %\ld play a small "o2 & t1 ) ace1 k+1 knave1 if y\r "r h& adv]s>y has turn$ up ! que51 y %\ld play ! knave2 & s on = o!r cases4 ,ace1 que51 knave1 c4 ,play l[e/ ( que51 knave sequ5ce4 ,ace1 que51 t51 c4 ,9 trumps1 play t51 or ) c>ds 9 sequ5ce1 ! l[e/ ( ! t5 sequ5ce4 ,9 pla9 suits1 if /rong en\gh 9 trumps to lead !m1 play t51 or l[e/ ( sequ5ce2 if weak 9 trumps1 play que5 7b see p4 #hi74 ,) ace1 que51 t5 only1 play t51 :e!r /rong 9 trumps or n4 ,ace1 que51 c4 ,small c>d l$4 ,9 trumps1 play a small "o4 ,9 pla9 suits1 ) five 9 suit1 play a small "o if /rong 9 trumps2 ! que5 if weak 9 trumps4 ,knave l$4 ,play ace4 ,x is useless to cov] ) ! que51 z ! lead] _c hold ! k+ 7see ,analysis ( ,leads74 ,^! in/ructions assume ord9>y orig9al leads f /r5g?4 ,if ace or que5 is turn$ up1 "s play]s lead knave1 f k+1 knave1 t54 ,if y "k ?is is ! practice ( y\r "r h& adv]s>y1 y %\ld ex]cise y\r judgm5t z to cov]+ ) ace or que54 ,also t[>ds ! close ( a h&1 knave might be l$ f k+1 knave = v>i\s reasons1 p]haps z ! be/ *ance ( sav+ or w9n+ ! game or a po9t1 or z a false c>d4 ,no rule c be laid d[n = su* cases4 ,t5 or n9e l$4 ,play que54 ,ace1 knave1 t51 c4 ,9 trumps1 play t51 or ) c>ds 9 sequ5ce ) ! t51 ! l[e/ ( ! sequ5ce4 ,9 pla9 suits1 play a small "o4 ,! reason = ! diff]5ce is t1 9 trumps a small c>d may be l$ f k+1 que51 c42 b 9 pla9 suits1 n4 ,h5ce z1 9 pla9 suits1 ! k+ or que5 mu/ be 9 ! ?ird or f\r? h&1 y\r /r5g? w\ld be wa/$ by cov]+4 ,ace & small ones4 ,play a small "o4 ,z be=e obs]v$1 ! orig9al lead ( a small c>d f /r5g? is assum$4 ,if1 aft] sev]al tricks h be5 play$1 y p>ticul>ly want ! lead1 or y suspect ! possibility ( a lead f a s+le c>d1 or "o trick is ( importance1 y w\ld (t5 be "r to play ! ace4 ,aga91 no rule c be laid d[n4 ,k+1 que51 knave1 c4 ,play ! l[e/ ( ! k+1 que51 knave sequ5ce4 ,k+1 que51 c4 ,small c>d l$4 ,play que54 ,9 trumps x is sometimes "r to pass1 unless y hold t5 also1 or only ?ree 9 suit4 ,knave l$4 ,! usual practice is to cov] ) ! que54 ,b1 x c be %[n by calculation t1 if ! lead is f knave1 t51 n9e1 & small1 m is ga9$ ?an lo/1 9 ! long run1 by pass+4 ,! be/ lead f knave1 t51 n9e1 c41 is disput$2 & s also is ! "q ( cov]+4 ,k+1 knave1 t51 c4 ,play ! l[e/ ( ! knave1 t5 sequ5ce4 ,que51 knave1 t51 c4 ,play t51 or l[e/ ( sequ5ce4 ,knave1 t51 n9e1 c4 ,play n9e1 or l[e/ ( sequ5ce4 ,que51 knave1 & small2 knave1 t51 & small2 t51 n9e1 & small4 ,play z direct$ at pp4 #hb-c4 ,cov]+ or pass+ second h&4 ,if an hon\r is l$1 & y h ! ace1 z a rule play ! ace4 ,if an hon\r is l$1 & y hold an hon\r1 n ! ace1 pass z a rule4 ,x 0 =m]ly ! practice to cov] an hon\r ) an hon\r1 if num]ically weak4 ,calculation %[s m is ga9$ ?an lo/1 9 ! long run1 by pass+4 ,b1 if a /r5g!n+ c>d is l$1 late 9 a h&1 x w\ld (t5 be "r to cov]4 ,no positive rule c be laid d[n = ! play ( ! second h& "u su* circum/ances4 ,:5 y h ! f\r*ette x is almo/ always "r to cov]4 ,?us1 if knave is l$1 & y hold que51 t51 c41 put on ! que54 ,if a t5 is l$1 & y hold que5 & "o small "o1 play que54 ,! lead is probably f k+1 knave1 t51 c41 & ! que5 may save y\r p>tn]'s ace4 ,) que5 & two small ones1 or ) o!r comb9ations n enum]at$ z ^? ) :i* a high c>d %\ld be play$ second h&1 pass4 ,if a n9e is l$1 & y hold k+ & "o small "o1 play k+4 ,! lead] mu/ h op5$ an ace suit 7ei!r ace1 que51 t51 n9e1 or ace1 knave1 t51 n9e71 assum+ him to h l$ f a suit ( f\r c>ds4 ,! same applies if y hold k+1 n9e1 & eight is l$4 ,if a m$ium c>d is l$ f a suit ( at lea/ f\r c>ds1 ?ree be+ high] ?an ! c>d l$1 & y hold c>ds t 7toge!r ) ! lead]'s c>ds7 make up a sequ5ce1 cov] ) ! l[e/ c>d y c4 ,= example3--,! orig9al lead is an eight4 ,y 7second h&7 hold ace1 k+1 t51 ) or )\t small ones4 ,if ! lead 0 f que51 knave1 n9e1 eight1 z is mo/ probable1 & ! t5 is put on1 x w w9 ! trick4 ,aga93 ! orig9al lead is a sev54 ,y hold ace1 que51 knave1 eight4 ,if ! sev5 is ! l[e/ ( a f\r c>d suit1 ! lead mu/ h be5 f k+1 t51 n9e1 sev54 ,!re=e1 ! eight put on w w9 ! trick4 ,! same applies1 if ! lead] ( an ace foll[s ) a m$ium c>d4 ,= example3--,ace is l$ orig9ally4 ,! next lead ( an ,am]ican ,lead] is1 say1 ! eight4 ,y _h orig9ally k+1 que51 t51 f\r1 & y play$ ! f\r to ! ace4 ,! lead] mu/ hold knave1 n9e & small4 ,y %\ld1 !re=e play ! t54 ,&1 obs]ve1 ! play w\ld be ! same1 if ! second lead ( a play] :o does n foll[ ! ,am]ican sy/em 7 ! sev51 z !n he mu/ hold knave1 n9e1 eight4 ,if a small c>d is l$1 & y hold an hon\r & a small c>d1 pass ! trick z a rule2 = by putt+ on ! hon\r y expose y\r weakness1 & enable ! orig9al lead] to f9esse aga9/ y on ! second r\nd4 ,! pr9cipal g5]al exception to play+ a small c>d second h&1 is :5 ! circum/ances ( ! h& cause y to seize any *ance ( gett+ ! lead1 z :5 y want to /op a lead ( trumps1 or to lead trumps y\rself4 ,!n x is (t5 "r to play a high c>d second h&1 :5 unsupport$ by ano!r high c>d4 ,also1 9 trumps1 if k+ or que5 is turn$ up1 & y hold x s+ly gu>d$ 7i4e41 if y h only "o o!r trump71 x is g5]ally advisable to put on ! turn-up1 second h&4 ,& if y hold k+ or que51 s+ly gu>d$1 & a sup]ior hon\r is turn$ up to y\r "r1 y %\ld play ! k+ or que54 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! second r\nd ( a suit1 if y h ! w9n+ c>d1 y %\ld--9 pla9 suits--g5]ally put x on second h&1 subject to a f9esse t w c]ta9ly be successful2 b 9 trumps !re are _m cases 9 :i* y %\ld n1 especially if y h num]ical /r5g? 9 trumps1 & a good h& besides4 ,y\r w9n+ trump mu/ make1 &1 by pass+ ! second r\nd1 y p]haps enable y\r p>tn] to w9 ) a ?ird be/ trump--or ev5 a small] "o--y\rself reta9+ ! comm&4 ,if1 :5 l$ ?r\gh 9 ! second r\nd ( a suit1 y conclude f ! previ\s fall ( ! c>ds t ! second be/ c>d is to y\r "r1 x is sometimes advisable to put on ! ?ird be/4 ,y ?us save y\r p>tn]'s h& if he holds ! be/4 ,= in/ance3 if knave is l$ 9 ! fir/ r\nd1 & y\r p>tn] 7!n second play]7 puts on k+1 :i* w9s ! trick1 x is cle> 7if ! t5 is y\r be/7 t y\r p>tn] has ! ace1 = ! ?ird play] c\ld n w9 ! k+1 & ! lead] c\ld n h l$ f ace1 knave4 ,if y\r "r-h& adv]s>y aft]w>ds returns ! suit ?r\gh y1 y %\ld put on ! t5 9 ord] to save y\r p>tn]'s ace4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,?ird ,,h&4 7,see also ,:i/ ,developm5ts4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue ,co47 ,9 ! fir/ r\nd ( a suit1 y %\ld g5]ally #h4 ,,play ,,y\r ,,highe/ ,,c>d ,,?ird ,,h&1 9 ord] to /r5g!n y\r p>tn]4 ,y presume t he leads f 8 /rong suit1 & wants to get ! w9n+ c>ds ( x out ( 8 way2 y1 !re=e1 d n f9esse1 b play y\r highe/1 rememb]+ t y play ! l[e/ ( a sequ5ce4 ,) ace1 que5 7&1 ( c\rse1 ace1 que51 knave1 c41 9 sequ5ce7 y d f9esse1 =1 9 ?is case1 ! f9esse _c be left to y\r p>tn]4 ,9 trumps y may f9esse ace1 knave1 if an hon\r is turn$ up to y\r "r4 ,"s play]s f9esse knave ) k+1 knave1 c42 b x is contr>y to pr9ciple to f9esse 9 y\r p>tn]'s /rong suit4 ,if y\r p>tn] leads a high c>d orig9ally1 y assume x is l$ f "o ( ! comb9ations giv5 9 ! ,analysis ( ,leads 7pp4 #fd-ga71 & y\r play ?ird h& mu/ be guid$ by a consid]ation ( ! comb9ation l$ f4 ,) ace1 y pass que5 l$2 y are !n 9 mu* ! same position z ?\gh a small c>d 7 l$1 & y f9ess$ ) ace1 que54 ,knave1 l$ orig9ally1 is f k+1 que51 knave1 c4 7"s play]s lead knave f knave1 t51 n9e1 c47 ,9 ei!r case1 if y hold ace ) "o small c>d1 play ! ace2 ) m ?an "o small c>d1 pass 7see p4 #ih74 ,if y\r only hon\r is ! k+1 y %\ld pass knave l$4 ,=1 ! second h& hav+ pass$1 y assume ace to be to y\r left 7p4 #hh74 ,%\ld ! que5 be !re also1 y wa/e ! k+ by cov]+2 & if que5 is to y\r "r1 ! knave =ces ! ace4 ,t5 may be l$ orig9ally f k+1 que51 knave1 t51 or f k+1 knave1 t51 c4 ,if y hold ace1 y %\ld put x on2 b if y hold que51 y %\ld pass4 ,hold+ bo? ace & que51 y\r play dep5ds on :e!r y wi% to obta9 ! lead on ! fir/ r\nd ( ! suit4 ,if y\r p>tn] op5s a suit1 late 9 a h&1 ) a high c>d1 y\r play1 ?ird h&1 w dep5d on y\r judgm5t ( ! "* ( ! lead4 ,if x is probable t y\r p>tn] has l$ f a weak suit1 y w (t5 be "r to f9esse k+1 knave1 c41 or to pass 8 c>d altoge!r1 s z n to give up ! entire comm& ( ! suit4 ,?us1 if t5 is l$ & y hold ace1 knave1 c41 x is cle> t ! c>d l$ is ! highe/ y\r p>tn] holds 9 ! suit4 ,y !re=e pass1 & unless bo? k+ & que5 are to y\r left1 y rema9 ) ! t5ace4 ,simil> rem>ks apply to a =c$ lead ( knave1 :5 y hold ace1 t51 c4 ,if y h consid]able /r5g? 9 a suit 9 :i* a /r5g!n+ c>d is l$1 y mu/ be guid$ by y\r /r5g? 9 trumps4 ,?us1 y\r p>tn] leads knave f a weak suit1 & y hold ace1 k+1 & small ones4 ,y may1 z a rule1 pass ! knave if y are /rong 9 trumps1 b n if weak4 ,9 ! second r\nd ( a suit1 if y 7?ird play]7 hold ! be/ & ?ird be/ c>ds1 & y h no indication z to ! position ( ! int]m$iate c>d1 y\r play %\ld aga9 dep5d on y\r /r5g? 9 trumps4 ,if weak 9 trumps1 secure ! trick at once2 if /rong 9 trumps1 & especially if /rong en\gh to lead a trump 7see ,managem5t ( ,trumps1 pp4 #abj-bd71 %\ld ! f9esse succe$1 x is g5]ally "r to make x4 ,if y hold second & f\r? be/1 y may ne>ly always f9esse2 = y conclude t ! w9n+ c>d is ov] y 9 ! f\r? h&1 s9ce y\r p>tn] has n l$ x1 & ! second play] has n put x on4 ,if ! ?ird be/ lies ov] y also1 y _c prev5t ! t5ace f mak+1 & y\r only *ance1 !re=e1 is to f9esse4 ,?us1 if y lead a small c>d f que51 t51 & two small ones1 y\r p>tn] w9s ! fir/ trick ) ! k+1 & returns a small "o4 ,! ace is c]ta9ly to y\r left2 y !re=e f9esse ! t51 = if y\r left-h& adv]s>y holds ace & knave he mu/ make !m bo?2 b1 o!rwise1 y\r t5 =ces ! ace1 & y are left ) ! be/4 ,9 trumps1 ! w9n+ c>d is (t5 held up by ! adv]s>y1 b y mu/ submit to ?is cont+5cy1 & g5]ally f9esse4 ,x is ( no use to f9esse aga9/ y\r "r-h& adv]s>y 9 a suit 9 :i* he has %[n weakness4 ,= in/ance1 if ! second h& has none ( ! suit l$1 & does n trump x1 y 7?ird h&7 %\ld n f9esse a major t5ace 7i4e41 ! be/ & ?ird be/ c>ds74 ,?is (t5 occurs 9 ! second or ?ird r\nd ( a suit2 also1 if y\r p>tn] 7?ird play]7 has won a trick v *eaply1 & ! suit is return$1 x is r>ely ( any use to f9esse if y h ! w9n+ c>d4 ,9 "s few positions1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to f9esse1 ev5 if ! second play] holds no?+4 ,?us1 y\r p>tn] leads a knave1 & ! second h& r5\nces 7i4e41 does n foll[ suit72 if y 7?ird play]7 hold k+1 x is useless to cov]1 z ace1 que5 9 ! f\r? h& mu/ make4 ,aga91 y h k+1 & two small trumps2 y\r p>tn] leads a small "o2 ! second h& r5\nces4 ,if y want "o trick to w9 or save ! game1 y 7?ird play]7 play a small trump1 :5 ! f\r? play] w be oblig$ to lead up to y\r k+ gu>d$4 ,! /ate ( ! game & ( ! score w (t5 direct z to a f9esse late 9 a h&4 ,?us1 if y hold a w9n+ c>d1 & want "o trick to save or w9 ! game1 ( c\rse y %\ld n run any risk4 ,a f9esse aga9/ ev5 "o c>d is g5]ally wrong1 if1 by play+ o!rwise1 y prev5t ! adv]s>y f scor+ ?ree or five4 ,a f9esse is almo/ always bad1 if by n f9ess+ y insure ! odd trick1 z t makes a diff]5ce ( two to ! score4 ,9 ! opposite case1 a f9esse is g5]ally "r 7sometimes ev5 aga9/ m ?an "o c>d71 if its success gives y ! odd trick1 or puts y at ! score ( ?ree or five4 ,! consid]ations z to f9ess+ & ! c\rse ( play g5]ally1 t come 9 z ! h& proce$s1 are s complicat$1 & dep5d s mu* on inf]5ces f previ\s play1 & on ! /ate ( ! score1 t "o c sc>cely d m ?an to /ate a few broad rules1 & to add "s examples4 ,illu/rations ( ! conduct ( ! h& at advanc$ p]iods w be f\nd 9 ,sections #ag & #ah 7pp4 #acd-aee71 & m 9 ! h&s4 ,,! ,,f\r? ,,h&4 ,! f\r? play] hav+1 ) a few exceptions1 m]ely to w9 ! trick1 if aga9/ him1 8 play involves no fur!r developm5t ( g5]al pr9ciples4 ,! exceptional cases1 :]e ! f\r? h& %\ld n w9 ! trick ?\gh he c1 or %\ld w9 8 p>tn]'s trick 9 ord] to get ! lead1 dep5d s mu* on ! previ\s fall ( ! c>ds1 t !y c be/ be illu/rat$ 9 ! h&s4 ,,! ,,comm& ,,( ,,suits4 7,see also ,app5dix ,b41 pp4 #bhg-h47 ,9 ! =ego+ *apt]s x has be5 incid5tally /at$ t y %\ld #i4 ,,keep ,,! ,,comm& ,,( ,,y\r ,,adv]s>y',s ,,suit3 ,,& #aj4 ,,get ,,rid ,,( ,,! ,,comm& ,,( ,,y\r ,,p>tn]',s ,,suit4 ,! reasons w be obvi\s to ^? :o are famili> ) ! previ\s pages2 9 ! fir/ case1 y ob/ruct ! adv]s>ies' suits1 & prev5t _! e/abli%+ !m2 9 ! second case1 y assi/ 9 cle>+ ! suit = y\r p>tn]4 ,?us1 ) ace & que5 only ( a suit l$ by y\r p>tn]1 if y w9 ) ! que51 play out ! ace at once2 b1 if ! suit is l$ by y\r adv]s>y1 keep ! ace 9 y\r h&4 ,if y play out ! w9n+ c>d ( ! oppon5t's suit 9 hopes ( trump+ ! next r\nd1 :i* is (t5 done by ^? :o play a trump+ game1 y d j :at ! adv]s>ies want2 = ! lead ( ! ace gives !m valuable assi/ance t[>ds br++ 9 _! suit :5 trumps are out4 ,?\gh ! advantage ( gett+ rid ( ! comm& ( a suit1 ( :i* y\r p>tn] has decl>$ num]ical /r5g?1 is recognis$ !oretically1 ! application ( ! pr9ciple is mu* neglect$ 9 practice4 ,9 ord] to get rid1 at ! prop] mom5t1 ( ! comm& ( y\r p>tn]'s suit1 a ?or\gh k ( ! ,analysis ( ,leads is requisite1 z ! foll[+ examples w %[3--#a4 ,y\r p>tn] leads ace1 orig9ally1 ( a pla9 suit4 ,he has l$ f ace1 que51 knave1 c41 or f a suit ( five c>ds at lea/4 ,y h f\r ( ! suit1 say t51 n9e1 eight1 two4 ,to 8 ace1 y %\ld play ! eight1 n ! two4 ,all foll[ suit1 & y\r p>tn] cont9ues ) knave1 or ) a small c>d4 ,y n[ "k = c]ta9 t he l$ f five at lea/4 ,y %\ld play ! n9e1 ev5 if ! second h& puts on a w9n+ c>d or a trump4 ,:5 ! suit is l$ aga91 y %\ld play ! t54 ,y\r p>tn] is left ) two small c>ds1 & y d n block 8 suit2 if y _h play$ two1 eight1 n9e1 x is v probable t y w\ld keep ! comm& ( ! suit ) ! t54 #b4 ,if in/ead ( t51 n9e1 eight1 two1 y held1 say1 t51 n9e1 ?ree1 two1 & y\r p>tn] leads ace & a small "o1 y %\ld simil>ly play ! n9e on ! second r\nd4 #c4 ,if y\r p>tn] l$ f ace1 que51 knave & "o small "o 7z y w be in=m$ by 8 lead+ que5 aft] ace71 y _c block ! suit2 b1 if y h play$ ! eight to ! ace1 z 9 ,example #a1 y mu/ /ill play ! n9e to ! que51 or y h call$ = trumps 7see p4 #abe74 ,y lose no?+ by ?is1 z y & y\r p>tn] /ill reta9 ! w9n+ c>ds ( ! suit4 ,if on ! ?ird r\nd y f9d x necess>y to play y\r small c>d1 y h n call$ = trumps 7see ,app5dix ,b1 pp4 #bhg-h74 #d4 ,simil>ly1 y h k+1 que51 & two small c>ds ( a pla9 suit ( :i* y\r p>tn] leads ace & a small "o4 ,all foll[ suit to ! ace2 ! second h& trumps ! small "o4 ,y %\ld play ! que51 & to ! ?ird r\nd ! k+4 #e4 ,y\r p>tn] leads knave ( a pla9 suit orig9ally1 f k+1 que51 knave1 & at lea/ two small c>ds4 ,! second h& plays a small c>d4 ,y 7?ird h&7 hold ace1 c4 ,:e!r or n y %\ld put on ! ace1 dep5ds on ! numb] ( small c>ds y hold4 ,hav+ only "o small c>d1 y %\ld play ! ace1 t y may n block ! suit4 ,hav+ m ?an "o small c>d1 y pass ! knave4 ,suppose ! knave w9s ! trick1 & y\r p>tn] cont9ues ) k+ or que54 ,if y n[ rema9 ) ace & "o small c>d1 y %\ld put on ! ace2 b1 if y h ace & two small c>ds left1 y %\ld pass aga91 z y /ill h ! p[] ( gett+ rid ( ! comm& on ! ?ird r\nd4 #f4 ,to cont9ue ! previ\s example4 ,say ! two r\nds ( y\r p>tn]'s suit h result$ 9 ! fall ( sev5 c>ds ( x1 & t y /ill h ace & a small "o left4 ,y\r adv]s>y n[ leads ! suit a ?ird "t1 t 8 p>tn] may trump x4 ,y %\ld play ! ace1 keep+ ! small c>d ( ! suit ( :i* y\r p>tn] w /ill hold two c>ds4 #g4 ,if y\r p>tn] leads a small c>d ( a pla9 suit orig9ally1 & y c tell f ! fall ( ! c>ds t ! c>d l$ 0 n 8 absolute l[e/1 y "k he l$ f a suit ( m ?an f\r 7see ,analysis ( ,leads71 & if y _h f\r orig9ally1 y %\ld be prep>$ to get rid ( ! comm& on ! subsequ5t r\nds4 ,= example3--,y\r p>tn] leads eight4 ,all foll[ suit1 & ! que5 falls4 ,on obta9+ ! lead aga91 y\r p>tn] leads ! six1 %[+ t he l$ f at lea/ five c>ds4 ,ace comes out4 ,"o adv]s>y does n foll[ suit4 ,y held1 orig9ally1 knave1 five1 f\r1 ?ree1 & h play$ ! ?ree & ! f\r4 ,y\r p>tn] n[ has ! lead aga91 & leads ! k+ ( 8 suit4 ,y1 hold+ knave & "o small "o1 w\ld play v badly to reta9 ! knave4 ,y %\ld ?r[ ! knave on ! k+1 & y\r p>tn]'s suit is fre$4 #h4 ,y\r h& conta9s f\r c>ds1 viz41 ace & "o small spade 7spades n hav+ be5 l$71 & two los+ diamonds2 y\r p>tn] has no?+ b spades1 ( :i* he leads ! k+4 ,if y pass x y _c make m ?an two tricks1 = ! w9n+ diamonds are aga9/ y 9 "o h&2 b1 if y w9 y\r p>tn]'s k+1 & return ! small "o1 & y\r p>tn] has l$ f k+1 que51 y /ill w9 two tricks1 & get a *ance ( mak+ ?ree or f\r4 ,a collat]al advantage ( play+ z advis$1 is t a good p>tn] w (t5 "k h[ _m ( 8 suit y /ill h 9 h&4 ,?us1 he leads knave1 :i* y pass2 he cont9ues ) que51 :i* y w94 ,x ought to be a c]ta9ty t y rema9 ) "o small c>d ( 8 suit & no m4 ,if y pass aga91 x %\ld be equally c]ta91 :5 y\r ace comes d[n 9 ! ?ird r\nd1 t y h "o small c>d ( ! suit 9 h&4 ,aga93 y\r p>tn] leads ace & knave2 knave is won by ! adv]s>y ) ! k+4 ,y1 hold+ t51 n9e1 eight1 deuce1 h play$ eight & n9e ( ! suit4 ,if ! w9n] ( ! trick does n lead a trump1 y\r p>tn] w\ld inf]1 ) tol]able c]ta9ty1 t y rema9 ) ! deuce & t5 ( 8 suit1 z no "o is ask+ = trumps 7see p4 #abe7 & no "o has play$ ! deuce 9 two r\nds4 ,9 trumps1 ! case is some:at diff]5t1 z y _c block y\r p>tn]'s trump suit4 ,x is !n only advisable to get out ( 8 way1 if y see f ! fall ( ! c>ds t x is ess5tial he %\ld proce$ ) trumps4 ,?us3 ) ace & "o small trump y w\ld n put ace on 8 knave l$1 unless v desir\s ( ?ree r\nds ( trumps imm$iately4 ,moreov]1 9 trumps1 y\r p>tn] c c\nt y\r h& 9 ano!r way2 = ) f\r trumps y w\ld e*o1 z w be fully expla9$ "u ,managem5t ( ,trumps 7p4 #abh74 ,y help y\r p>tn] to get rid ( ! comm& ( y\r suit by lead+ ! l[e/ ( a sequ5ce1 not)/&+ t x heads y\r suit1 :5 y want him to w9 y\r c>d if he c4 ,= ?is reason y lead t5 f k+1 que51 knave1 t52 ace1 knave f ace1 que51 knave1 & at lea/ two small c>ds2 & s on4 ,9 ?is la/ case1 if y\r p>tn] has k+1 :e!r he %\ld put x on y\r knave1 or n1 dep5ds on h[ _m small c>ds ( ! suit he holds4 ,if1 :5 y lead knave1 he rema9s ) k+ & "o small "o1 he %\ld w9 ! knave ) ! k+2 b if he has k+ & two small ones rema9+1 he %\ld pass ! knave1 = precisely ! same reasons z ^? giv5 9 ! previ\s examples4 ,aga91 suppose y are left ) knave1 t51 & o!rs ( a suit1 ( :i* y\r p>tn] c only h k+ & ano!r 7ace & que5 be+ out71 ?\gh x is unc]ta9 :e!r he does hold ! k+4 ,y w\ld cause him to get rid ( ! k+ by lead+ ! t52 :]eas1 if y l$ ! knave1 he probably w\ld n "p ) ! k+4 ,exp]i5c$ play]s frequ5tly endeav\r to /eal a trick1 or to obta9 ! entire comm& ( a suit 7i4e41 to keep a suffici5t numb] ( w9n+ or comm&+ c>ds 9 x to make e trick71 by und]play+4 ,und]play is keep+ up ! w9n+ c>d1 g5]ally 9 ! second r\nd ( a suit1 by lead+ a l[ c>d1 ?\gh hold+ ! be/4 ,?us1 suppose a small trump is l$1 & y 7f\r? play]7 hold ace1 knave1 & two small ones1 & y w9 ) "o ( ! small ones4 ,if1 at a lat] p]iod ( ! h&1 y return a small trump1 y w v likely cause y\r left-h& adv]s>y to believe t y\r p>tn] has ! ace2 consequ5tly1 if y\r left-h& adv]s>y has ! k+1 he may n put x on2 y\r p>tn] w w9 ! second r\nd ) ! que51 & y w reta9 ! comm& ( ! trump suit4 ,und]play is an extempore /ratagem dep5d+ on obs]vation ( ! previ\s fall ( ! c>ds1 &1 !re=e1 be/ capable ( explanation by examples4 ,?us3 ,a1 f9d+ 8 p>tn] /rong 9 trumps1 leads ! sev54 ,! k+ is put on by ,y 7second h&71 :i* ,b 7?ird h&7 w9s1 hold+ ace1 que51 t51 n9e1 eight4 ,x is evid5t to ,b t ,a's sev5 0 8 highe/ trump1 z ! only high] "o 9 is ! knave1 & ,a w\ld nev] lead ! sev5 f knave1 sev54 ,! k+ hav+ be5 put on second h&1 ,b concludes t ,y1 9 all probability1 holds at mo/ "o small trump m4 ,! knave is1 to a moral c]ta9ty1 9 ,z's h&4 ,b1 by lead+ ! eight 9 ! second r\nd1 w probably w9 ! trick1 & unless ,z _h f\r trumps orig9ally1 w cat* ! knave ) ! que5 9 ! ?ird r\nd4 7,fur!r examples ( und]play occur 9 ! h&s47 ,play]s %\ld be on _! gu>d aga9/ ?is manuvre1 p>ticul>ly :5 second h&1 9 ! second r\nd ( a suit1 !y hold ! second be/ c>d gu>d$1 & ! adv]s>y has be5 play+ a /rong game 7z by lead+ trumps71 & is left ) ! long trump1 or is c]ta9 to be able to obta9 ! lead aga94 ,!n x is (t5 "r = ! second h& to /ick on a s+ly-gu>d$ second be/ c>d1 especially if t is ! only *ance ( mak+ x4 ,9 ! case /at$ 9 ! previ\s p>agraph1 ,z's only *ance ( mak+ ! knave1 if s+ly gu>d$1 is to put x on second h&4 ,=1 if ! que5 ) small ones is 9 ,a's h&1 ,a is sure to f9esse on ! return ( ! suit by 8 p>tn]4 ,aga91 take ?is case3 ,a leads ! six ( diamonds2 ,y1 ) knave1 t51 & a small "o1 puts on ! t52 ,b plays ! k+1 & ,z w9s x ) ! ace4 ,pres5tly1 ,a obta9s ! lead aga91 & leads ! eight ( diamonds4 ,a1 hav+ l$ ! l[e/ ( 8 suit 9 ! fir/ r\nd1 x may be inf]r$ t he has l$ f a /rong suit--head$ 9 ?is case by ! que5--& t he is und]play+ )1 probably1 que5 & n9e 9 8 h&4 ,y %\ld obs]ve ?is1 & 9 ! second r\nd %\ld w9 ! eight ) ! knave4 ,refus+ to play ! w9n+ c>d 9 ! fir/ & second r\nds ( a suit--commonly call$ hold+ up--is1 9 fact1 a species ( und]play4 ,= example3--#a4 ,trumps are l$ by ! play] to y\r left2 ! ?ird play] w9s ) ! ace1 & returns ! suit ?r\gh y\r h&4 ,if y are left ) k+ & "o or m small ones1 y %\ld play a small "o1 unless ! circum/ances ( ! h& are su* t y deem x advantage\s to /op ! trump lead4 ,! orig9al trump lead]1 n kn[+ b t ! k+ is 9 y\r p>tn]'s h&1 w probably f9esse1 & y\r p>tn] ?us has a *ance ( mak+ ! ?ird be/ trump1 ev5 ?\gh ungu>d$4 ,if y\r p>tn] has nei!r second nor ?ird be/ trump1 no h>m is done1 z y w !n probably make b "o trick 9 ! suit1 h[ev] y play4 #b4 ,aga91 t5 tricks are play$1 & ea* play] is left ) ?ree c>ds ( a suit n op5$4 ,if ! second play] puts on ! que5 7f :i* x may be inf]r$ t he holds ! k+ also71 ! ?ird h& %\ld n cov] ) ! ace4 ,=1 by w9n+ ! trick1 he mu/ lead up to k+ gu>d$2 b1 by pass+ x1 he leaves ! lead ) ! second play]1 & takes ! be/ *ance ( mak+ two tricks4 #c4 ,"o m example w suffice3 ,a has ! la/ trump1 & ace1 t51 & ?ree small c>ds ( a suit n l$4 ,! adv]s>y n[ leads ! k+1 & foll[s ) ! que5 ( t suit4 ,a %\ld pass !m bo?2 by s do+ he w probably make ?ree tricks 9 ! suit if ! c>ds are equally divid$4 ,,disc>d+4 ,:5 y _c foll[ suit1 y %\ld #aa4 ,,disc>d ,,f ,,y\r ,,weake/ ,,suit4 ,y weak5 a suit by disc>d+ f x1 & less5 ! numb] ( long c>ds y might o!rwise e/abli% & br+ 9 7i4e41 make tricks ) if trumps are out1 & y obta9 ! lead aft] ! e/abli%m5t ( y\r suit74 ,on ! o!r h&1 y d b little h>m by ?r[+ f a suit 9 :i* y are already weak4 ,y\r p>tn] %\ld und]/& t y\r fir/ or orig9al disc>d is f y\r weake/ suit1 j z he und]/&s t y\r orig9al lead is f y\r /ronge/ suit4 ,b1 z 9 ! case ( leads1 y are sometimes oblig$ to lead f a weak suit1 or to make a =c$ lead1 s sometimes y h to make a =c$ disc>d4 ,=c$ disc>ds require mu* m c>eful consid]ation ?an !y g5]ally receive4 ,x is cle> t if ! oppon5ts decl>e great /r5g? 9 trumps 7by lead+ trumps or ask+ = !m1 z w be fully expla9$ 9 ,section #ac71 t y\r *ance ( br++ 9 a suit is practically nil4 ,y %\ld !re=e1 9 su* cases1 ab&on ! tactics y w\ld o!rwise adopt1 & play to gu>d y\r weak] suits1 by disc>d+ f y\r be/ protect$ suit1 :i* is g5]ally y\r longe/ suit4 ,y mu/1 9 fact1 play a def5sive game4 ,if ?is sy/em ( disc>d+ is compreh5d$ by ! two play]s :o are p>tn]s1 x foll[s1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 t :5 trumps are n decl>$ aga9/ y1 y\r p>tn] w assume y are weak 9 ! suit y fir/ disc>d2 b1 :5 trumps are decl>$ aga9/ y1 he w give y cr$it = /r5g? 9 ! suit f :i* y orig9ally ?r[ away4 ,?is is mo/ important1 z x affects 8 subsequ5t leads4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 he w refra9 f lead+ ! suit f :i* y h disc>d$2 9 ! second1 he w1 unless he has a v /rong suit ( 8 own1 select = 8 lead ! suit 9 :i* y h %[n /r5g? by y\r disc>d4 ,x is commonly said1 ,disc>d f y\r /rong suit :5 ! adv]s>y leads or calls = trumps4 ,b ?is is a v imp]fect & mislead+ aphorism4 ,if y h no indications f ! play1 & are oblig$ to disc>d to an adv]se trump lead or call1 y %\ld disc>d f y\r be/ protect$ suit4 ,b1 if y h1 or if ! fall ( ! c>ds %[s t y\r p>tn] has1 suffici5t /r5g? 9 trumps to outla/ ! adv]s>y1 ! disc>d %\ld be f ! weak suit4 ,?us3 ,y1 second play]1 calls = trumps 7see p4 #abe71 & ,b1 ?ird play]1 also calls4 ,! disc>ds ( ,a & ,z %\ld be f _! weak suits4 ,= ?\gh1 on ! "o h&1 great /r5g? 9 trumps is decl>$ aga9/ !m1 on ! o!r h& great /r5g? is also decl>$ ) !m4 ,aga93 ,z deals & turns up n9e ( clubs4 ,a 7! orig9al lead]7 leads a small club2 ,y foll[s suit2 ,b puts on ace2 ,z plays k+4 ,?is %[s t ,z has a sequ5ce ( que51 knave1 t51 n9e ( trumps2 & !re=e t1 ?\gh ,a has l$ a trump1 he has any?+ b ! comm& ( ! suit4 ,b returns ! trump2 ,z w9s2 ,y has no m trumps4 ,8 disc>d %\ld be f 8 weake/ suit4 ,! foll[+ case is less easy3--,! adv]s>y 7,a7 leads a ti]ce major 9 trumps1 elev5 trumps come out1 & y\r p>tn] 7,y7 mu/ h knave ( trumps to save ! game4 ,y n[ cr$it y\r p>tn] ) ! comm& ( trumps1 ?\gh ! adv]s>y has l$ !m2 & if ei!r y 7,y7 or y\r p>tn] 7,z7 has to disc>d1 ! disc>d %\ld be f ! weake/ suit 7see ,h& ,,xii47 ,simil> rem>ks apply if a /r5g!n+ trump is l$ by an adv]s>y f weak trumps & good c>ds 9 pla9 suits4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t x is only y\r orig9al disc>d :i* is directive4 ,hav+ once disc>d$1 y _c undo y\r "w by any numb] ( disc>ds f ano!r suit4 ,also1 hav+ once l$ a suit1 y h decl>$ /r5g? 9 x2 & subsequ5t disc>ds f t suit d n alt] ! fact t x 0 orig9ally y\r /ronge/ suit4 ,x is dang]\s to ungu>d an hon\r1 or to blank an ace2 &1 also1 to disc>d a s+le c>d :5 ! game is 9 an undevelop$ /age1 z x exposes y\r weakness almo/ z soon z ! suit is l$4 ,b1 :5 y see t !re is a probability ( /r5g? 9 trumps on y\r side1 direct y\r p>tn] to y\r /rong suit by all ! means 9 y\r p[]1 & unhesitat+ly ungu>d an hon\r1 or ?r[ a s+le c>d4 ,( c\rse1 if /r5g? 9 trumps is aga9/ y1 ^! are ! v la/ c>ds y %\ld ?9k ( ?r[+ away4 ,:5 y\r left-h& adv]s>y w h ! lead next r\nd1 if y disc>d f a suit 9 :i* y hold a t5ace1 y may possibly induce him to lead t suit up to y4 ,y mu/ be on y\r gu>d aga9/ ?is ruse1 & n necess>ily lead up to ! disc>d ( y\r "r-h& oppon5t4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to trump+ z to disc>d+4 ,! weak] y are 9 trumps1 ! bett] x is = y to make a little "o by trump+1 z w be fur!r expla9$ 9 ,section #ad4 ,,! ,,conv]sation ,,( ,,! ,,game4 #ab4 ,,af=d ,,in=mation ,,by ,,y\r ,,play4 ,x has sev]al times be5 assum$ 9 ! prec$+ pages t y %\ld convey in=mation by y\r play4 ,! "q naturally arises1 ,h[ is x t a play] ga9s any advantage by publi%+ in=mation to ! table8 ,x is (t5 argu$1 & ) mu* %[ ( reason1 t z almo/ e revelation conc]n+ y\r h& mu/ be giv5 to ! :ole table1 & t z y h two adv]s>ies & only "o p>tn]1 y publi% in=mation at a disadvantage4 ,no d\bt ?is argum5t w\ld h consid]able =ce if y 7 compell$ to expose ! :ole ( y\r h&4 ,b y possess ! p[]1 to a great ext5t1 ( select+ :at facts %all be ann\nc$ & :at conceal$4 ,exp]i5c$ play]s are unanim\s 9 admitt+ t x is an advantage to in=m y\r p>tn] ( /r5g? 9 y\r own suits1 ?\gh "s advise concealm5t ( /r5g? 9 suits 9 :i* ! adv]s>ies h %[n /r5g?4 ,?us1 ) ace1 k+1 second h&1 ! usual play is to put on ! k+4 ,! ?ird h& does n w9 ! k+1 & h5ce ! lead] is able to inf] t ! ace ( 8 /rong suit is aga9/ him4 ,b1 if y put on ! ace second h&1 y prev5t ! lead] f discov]+ :]e ! k+ ( 8 suit lies4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 f\nd t two hon\rs 9 ! adv]s>y's suit con/itute suffici5t /r5g? to make x advantage\s 9 ! long run to proclaim y\r =ce2 :ile1 ) less /r5g?1 x is n easy to my/ify ! oppon5ts prejudicially2 s t1 on ! :ole1 x seldom happ5s t a balance ( ga9 results f ! adoption ( deceptive play4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 a false c>d may be play$ ) a special object4 ,= in/ance3 ace is turn$ up to y\r "r1 &1 :5 ! deal] gets 91 he leads a small trump4 ,if y1 second h&1 h k+1 que5 only1 y w\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 play+ ! k+1 9 hopes ( induc+ ! trump lead] to f9esse on ! return ( ! suit4 ,or1 take ?is case3 y\r left-h& adv]s>y leads orig9ally ! five ( 8 /rong suit1 f k+1 t51 sev51 five4 ,y\r p>tn] plays ! six2 ?ird h& plays ace4 ,y1 hold+ que51 knave1 n9e1 eight1 f\r1 ?ree1 play ! ?ree4 ,y\r "r-h& oppon5t n[ leads trumps2 all ! trumps come out4 ,! play] to y\r "r next returns ! deuce ( 8 p>tn]'s suit4 ,! orig9al lead be+ f a f\r-c>d suit1 k+1 t51 sev51 rema9 9 ! lead]'s h&4 ,if y play knave1 ! orig9al lead] w place que5 9 y\r h&1 & w hesitate to g on ) ! suit4 ,b1 if y play que51 he w put knave & at lea/ "o small "o 9 8 p>tn]'s h&4 ,!n if1 "u ?is impression1 he cont9ues ! suit1 y br+ x 94 ,x is 9 mo/ cases unque/ionably disadvantage\s to y t ! :ole table %\ld be aw>e ( y\r be+ v weak 9 a p>ticul> suit1 &1 consequ5tly1 in=mation ( weakness %\ld be )held z long z possible4 ,if y are l$ up to f\r? h& 9 su* a suit1 or if y\r p>tn] op5s ! suit ) a small c>d1 ( c\rse ! disclosure is inevitable2 b until "o ( ^! ev5ts happ5s y\r pov]ty c g5]ally be kept out ( sight4 ,x may happ5 t y are occasionally =c$ to lead a weak suit y\rself2 & 9 ?is ev5t ! lea/ disadvantage1 on ! :ole1 is to tell ! tru? at once1 by fir/ lead+ ! highe/ ( x4 ,y\r p>tn] appris$ ( ! /ate ( y\r h&1 by ! fall ( y\r small] c>d 9 ! subsequ5t r\nd1 w probably deem x prud5t to /rive by def5sive tactics to av]t total defeat 9 t suit1 r ?an to cont5d s+le-h&$ aga9/ ! comb9$ /r5g? ( ! oppon5ts4 ,b1 at critical po9ts ( ! game1 x is (t5 "r to conceal weakness4 ,?us1 t[>ds ! end ( a h&1 x is necess>y t y\r p>tn] %\ld make a c\ple ( tricks 9 an unop5$ suit1 ( :i* y hold two or ?ree little c>ds4 ,y %\ld lead ! l[e/4 ,if y lead ! highe/1 ! adv]s>ies w suspect y\r weakness at once1 & w be sure ( x on ! second r\nd4 ,_! ef=ts w !n be direct$ to prev5t+ y\r p>tn] f mak+ ! requir$ tricks 9 t suit4 ,y\r left-h& adv]s>y w n f9esse2 & if y\r p>tn] is l$ ?r\gh1 y\r "r-h& adv]s>y m]ely cov]s1 or plays ! l[e/ c>d he has1 high] ?an ! "o y fir/ l$4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] has exhibit$ weakness 9 "o or m suits1 y w\ld frequ5tly be ju/ifi$ 9 play+ a false c>d4 ,y are driv5 to rely solely on y\rself1 & are entitl$ to adopt e artifice y\r +5uity c sugge/ 9 ord] to p]plex ! o!r side4 ,! consid]ation t y may mislead y\r p>tn] w no long] influ5ce y1 z y "k him to be p[]less = good or = evil4 ,y in=m y\r p>tn] by foll[+ ! recognis$ practice ( ! game1 z by lead+ f y\r /rong suit orig9ally1 by lead+ ! highe/ ( a sequ5ce1 by foll[+ suit ) ! l[e/ ( a sequ5ce1 & s =?4 ,if y adh]e to ?is y w soon acquire a reputation = play+ a /raight=w>d intelligible game2 & ?is "* alone w c\nt]balance ! disadvantage :i* w sometimes atta* to ! fact t y h enabl$ ! adv]s>ies to read y\r h&4 ,if y\r p>tn] kn[s t y play at r&om & )\t me?od1 he w be 9 a /ate ( con/ant unc]ta9ty2 & y almo/ preclude him f execut+ any ( ! f9] /rokes ( play1 ! opportunities = :i* g5]ally arise f be+ able to inf] ) confid5ce ! position ( p>ticul> c>ds4 ,! extreme case ( two skill$ play]s aga9/ two unskill$ ones am\nts almo/ to ?is1 t t[>ds ! close ( a h& ! =m] h ! same advantage z ?\gh !y _h se5 ea* o!r's c>ds1 :ile ! latt] h n4 ,x foll[s t :5 y are un=tunately ti$ to an untaught p>tn]1 especially if at ! same "t y are pitt$ aga9/ obs]vant adv]s>ies1 y %\ld expose y\r h& z little z possible1 p>ticul>ly 9 respect ( m9or details4 ,x w become app>5t1 on consid]ation1 t ! "q ( ! advisability ( af=d+ in=mation is m or less intimately connect$ ) e c>d t is play$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( extreme importance to asc]ta9 :e!r ! practice is advantage\s or ! rev]se4 ,! argum5ts j adduc$ are d\btless 9 fav\r ( ! practice ( af=d+ in=mation by ! play2 b x mu/ be admitt$ t by f> ! /ronge/ au?ority = x is t exp]i5c$ play]s1 by _! settl$ op9ions1 reject ! opposite c\rse4 ,! in/ruct$ play] frequ5tly selects "o c>d 9 pref]5ce to ano!r ) ! sole object ( af=d+ in=mation4 ,:5 ! pr9ciple is c>ri$ ?us f>1 ! play becomes purely conv5tional4 ,= example3 y naturally w9 a trick z *eaply z possible2 if1 f\r? h&1 y c\ld w9 ) a t51 y w\ld n wa/e an ace4 ,b suppose y hold knave & t51 :i* c>d %\ld !n be play$8 ,! knave & t5 9 "o h& are ( equal value1 & !re=e to w9 ) ! knave w\ld be no unnecess>y sacrifice ( /r5g?4 ,nev]!less1 y ext5d to su* cases ! rule ( w9n+ z *eaply z possible1 & y play ! t5 = ! m]e purpose ( convey+ in=mation4 ,?is is a simple in/ance ( pure conv5tion4 ,aga93 ! sy/em ( return+ ! high] ( two los+ c>ds 7see p4 #hj7 :5 !y are bo? small c>ds1 is purely conv5tional4 ,to take ano!r case3 aft] two r\nds ( y\r f\r-c>d suit1 y are left ) two los+ c>ds1 say ! six & ! sev51 & y1 hav+ ! lead1 are ab\t to cont9ue ! suit2 y %\ld lead ! six1 n ! sev51 9 accordance ) ! rule t y lead ! l[e/ c>d ( a suit1 except ) comm&+ /r5g?4 ,?is be+ ! conv5tion1 if y lead ! sev51 y\r p>tn] w inf] t y _c hold ! six1 & w suppose t y l$ f a ?ree-c>d suit1 9 consequ5ce ( exceptional circum/ances2 if he is a good play] he w misc\nt all ! h&s1 probably to y\r mutual discomfiture4 ,:i/ conv5tions1 x w be obs]v$1 are 9 accordance )1 & are sugge/$ by1 pr9ciple4 ,inde$1 all ! e/abli%$ conv5tions ( ! game are s *os5 z to h>monise ) play t w\ld naturally be adopt$ indep5d5tly ( conv5tion4 ,! aggregation ( ! recognis$ rules ( play1 includ+ ! e/abli%$ conv5tions1 con/itute :at 9 practice is call$ ! ,conv]sation ( ! ,game ( ,:i/4 ,x mu/ n be ov]look$ t uns\nd play]s (t5 deceive un9t5tionally1 & all play]s sometimes ) int5tion4 ,x is1 !re=e1 necess>y to be on y\r gu>d aga9/ draw+ inf]5ces too rigidly4 ,!re are "s ways ( convey+ in=mation :i* h n be5 expla9$4 ,= example3 if y h ! complete comm& ( a suit1 y c publi% ! fact by disc>d+ ! highe/ ( x2 ! presumption be+ t y w\ld nev] ?r[ away a w9n+ c>d ) a los+ "o 9 y\r h&4 ,if y disc>d a second-be/ c>d ( a suit ( :i* y\r p>tn] does n "k y to hold a long sequ5ce1 y ought to h no m ( ! suit1 = ) ! be/ also y w\ld disc>d t1 & ) a small] "o y w\ld disc>d t4 ,by w9n+ ) ! highe/1 & return+ ! l[e/ ( a sequ5ce 7m especially f\r? h&71 y %[ t y h ! int]m$iate c>ds4 ,?us1 ) ace1 k+1 que51 f\r? h&1 if y desire to cont9ue ! suit1 & at ! same "t to %[ t y /ill rema9 ) ! w9n+ c>d1 y w\ld w9 ) ! ace & return ! que54 ,aga91 z long z y keep ! turn-up c>d 9 h&1 y\r p>tn] kn[s :]e x is2 s1 hav+ turn$ up a n9e & hold+ ! t51 trump ) ! t5 9 pref]5ce4 ,?is rule1 h[ev]1 is liable to exceptions4 ,) v small trumps1 ( equal value1 trump+ ) ! high] c>d may be mi/ak5 = an exhibition ( f\r or five trumps2 also1 if y are weak 9 trumps1 & ! adv]s>ies h %[n /r5g? 9 !m1 x is n advisable to keep ! turn-up c>d2 =1 if ! adv]s>ies "k y h x 9 y\r h&1 !y w draw x1 :]eas1 if y play x1 !y may be unc]ta9 z to y\r hold+ ano!r4 ,if y op5 a suit ( ace1 k+ only1 x mu/ be a =c$ lead4 ,y !n adopt ! rule ( lead+ ! highe/ ( a num]ically weak suit1 & fir/ lead ! ace4 ,?is %[s y\r p>tn] 7unless y h already be5 =c$1 :5 y lead ! ace be=e k+ = o!r reasons71 t y h no m ( ! suit4 ,also1 by lead+ ! l[e/ ( a head sequ5ce ( w9n+ trumps 7subject1 if an ,am]ican ,lead]1 to a selection ( c>d 9 ord] to %[ numb]71 y convey in=mation4 ,?us1 y lead a small trump1 p>tn] plays que51 won ) k+4 ,y rema9 ) ace1 knave1 t54 ,on obta9+ ! lead1 y cont9ue ) ! t51 &1 :5 x w9s1 y h %[n two by hon\rs 7unless ace is held up1 :i* is unlikely74 ,if y cont9ue ) ace1 z 9 pla9 suits1 y\r p>tn] c tell no?+ ab\t ! knave & t54 ,y may pursue ! same me?od 9 pla9 suits :5 y\r p>tn] has no m trumps1 & ) any head sequ5ce :5 y want him to w9 ! trick1 or are sure he _c1 & also :5 ! f\r? h& has already r5\nc$ 9 ! suit l$4 ,a mo/ valuable mode ( convey+ v precise in=mation ( /r5g? is )9 ! rea* ( play]s :o ?9k fit to adopt ,am]ican ,leads 7see ,app5dix ,a74 ,z ! propriety ( ^! leads is que/ion$ by "s play]s1 x may be /at$ t !y =m a beautiful sy/em :i* is 9 full h>mony ) ! e/abli%$ pr9ciples ( :i/ play4 ,) reg>d to ! ,am]ican sy/em :5 lead+ a high c>d ( y\r /rong suit aft] a high c>d1 no "o disputes ! propriety ( lead+ ace1 !n que51 f ace1 que51 knave1 & "o small c>d2 & ( lead+ ace1 !n knave1 f ace1 que51 knave1 & m ?an "o small c>d4 ,9 ! case ( ! f\r-c>d suit1 y select ! high] c>d to tell y\r p>tn] n to play ! k+1 z y h n suffici5t num]ical p[] to def5d ! suit s+le-h&$4 ,9 ! case ( a suit ( m ?an f\r c>ds1 y select ! l[] c>d t y\r p>tn] may n reta9 ! comm& ( y\r suit1 & may play ! k+1 %\ld he happ5 to h held k+ & two small ones orig9ally4 ,= a simil> reason1 x is obvi\s t ) que51 knave1 t51 & "o small c>d1 y %\ld foll[ que5 ) knave2 ) que51 knave1 t51 & m ?an "o small c>d1 y %\ld foll[ que5 ) t54 ,n[1 "h is a g]m ( a pr9ciple ( play4 ,hold+ two high indiff]5t c>ds1 & only f\r ( y\r suit1 y\r second lead is ! high] c>d2 hold+ m ?an f\r1 y\r second lead is ! l[] c>d4 ,= ! sake ( uni=mity1 y %\ld pursue ! same plan 9 all cases :]e1 aft] y\r fir/ lead1 y rema9 ) two high indiff]5t c>ds4 ,?us1 y\r orig9al lead is a t51 f k+1 knave1 t51 & "o or m small c>ds4 ,! que5 is play$ to y\r t54 ,y h ! lead aga91 & x is immat]ial1 s f> z e/abli%+ ! suit is conc]n$1 :e!r y proce$ ) ! k+ or ) ! knave4 ,b1 if y\r practice is uni=m1 & 9 accordance ) ! practice :i* obta9s 9 ! case ( ace1 que51 knave1 & ( que51 knave1 t51 y c in=m y\r p>tn] :e!r y l$ f a suit ( f\r c>ds or ( m ?an f\r c>ds4 ,if y cont9ue ) ! k+1 ! high] ( two indiff]5t c>ds1 y l$ f k+1 knave1 t51 & "o small c>d2 if y cont9ue ) ! knave1 ! l[] ( two indiff]5t c>ds1 y l$ f k+1 knave1 t51 & m ?an "o small c>d4 ,) reg>d to ! ,am]ican sy/em1 :5 op5+ y\r /rong suit ) a l[ c>d1 ^? :o h already adopt$ ! p5ultimate lead f suits ( five c>ds1 w h no difficulty 9 aga9 discov]+ ! g]m ( a pr9ciple ( play4 ,! f\r?-be/ c>d ( y\r suit is l$ f suits ( f\r c>ds1 & f suits ( five c>ds4 ,y h only to apply ! same rule to suits ( m ?an five c>ds1 & to lead y\r f\r?-be/ c>d4 ,y !n pursue a uni=m practice1 & at ! same "t convey valuable in=mation4 7,see ,app5dix ,a74 ,z an illu/ration1 take ?is suit--que51 t51 n9e1 eight4 ,y lead ! eight4 ,n[ suppose y\r suit to be que51 t51 n9e1 eight1 ?ree4 ,y /ill lead ! eight4 ,n[ add "o m c>d4 ,y\r suit is que51 t51 n9e1 eight1 ?ree1 two4 ,y %\ld /ill lead ! eight4 ,no d\bt1 a c>eful play] w\ld lead ! eight1 z a c>d ( protection1 ev5 if ,am]ican leads _h nev] be5 ?\ght (4 ,) l[] c>ds1 su* z que51 n9e1 eight1 sev51 ?ree1 two1 x is possible a c>eful play] might lead ! sev52 & ) /ill l[] c>ds1 :]e is he to /op8 ,! knot is cut by ! v simple & uni=m rule ( lead+ ! f\r?-be/1 )\t ref]5ce to ! possibility ( its be+ a c>d ( protection4 ,) reg>d to ! lead ( a high c>d foll[$ by a l[ c>d1 :5 ! ,am]ican sy/em is foll[$1 ! l[ c>d select$ %\ld be ! orig9al f\r?-be/4 7,see ,app5dix ,a74 ,! m ! ,am]ican sy/em is exam9$1 ! m ?or\gh & p]fect x w be f\nd4 ,c>e1 h[ev]1 mu/ be tak51 ) leads late 9 a h&1 n to confuse a f\r?-be/ lead ) a =c$ lead ( ! highe/ c>d ( a weak suit4 ,! ,am]ican rule only applies1 9 its integrity to ! orig9al lead1--or aft] "o or m tricks h be5 play$1 to ! orig9al lead ( ! play]'s own *oice1 7,see ,app5dix ,a74 ,also1 x may be1 t ! lead]1 ) v /rong c>ds 9 all pla9 suits1 />ts by lead+ a /r5g!n+ trump4 ,! unc]ta9ty ( ! real "* ( ! lead1 9 ?is case1 is no d\bt unfav\rable2 b1 ! advantage ( frequ5tly be+ able to give in=mation ( great num]ical /r5g? f> outweighs ?is occasional dang]4 ,in=mation z to ! numb] ( trumps y hold c be simil>ly communicat$ :5 y h m ?an f\r trumps1 by trump+ ) ! f\r?-be/ & !n lead+ ! f\r?-be/ ( ^? rema9+4 ,?is rule1 h[ev]1 is subject to r a l>ge exception4 ,:5 y\r f\r?-be/ trump is a m$ium c>d1 su* z an eight1 trump+ ) ! eight may imp]il a trick lat] on4 ,= in/ance3 ) su* c>ds z k+1 knave1 n9e1 eight1 ?ree1 a c>eful play] w\ld rightly trump ) ! ?ree & lead ! eight4 ,= ! "t1 y d n in=m y\r p>tn] z to numb]1 because ! eight is too valuable a c>d to get rid (1 & ! in=mation might be pur*as$ too de>ly4 ,also1 :5 ab\t to lead high trumps aft] a =ce1 !re is no occasion to run any risk by trump+ ) any b ! l[e/1 z ! high c>ds l$ w ( !mselves indicate h[ _m trumps y n[ hold 7n h[ _m y held orig9ally74 ,if y take a =ce ) any trump b ! l[e/1 & d n lead a trump1 :5 y\r l[e/ is aft]w>ds play$ x only signifies t y _h at lea/ five trumps orig9ally1 & y\r play does n con/itute a call = trumps4 7,see p4 #abe47 ,,trumps4 ,,! ,,managem5t ,,( ,,trumps4 ,! ,managem5t ( ,trumps is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ difficult ( ! problems pres5t$ to ! ,:i/-play]4 ,be=e discuss+ ! special uses ( trumps1 x may be obs]v$ t 9 "s few h&s trumps are l$ l pla9 suits1 because !y are y\r /ronge/ suit1 & y pref] lead+ !m to op5+ a weak suit4 ,! pr9ciples already discuss$1 :i* guide u to ! mo/ fav\rable *ances = mak+ tricks 9 a suit1 apply to trumps equally ) o!r suits4 ,! privilege1 h[ev]1 enjoy$ by ! trump suit ( w9n+ e o!r1 causes "s modifications ( detail 7notic$ at pp4 #fd-ga1 & at pp4 #he-hh72 =1 s9ce ! w9n+ trumps mu/ make tricks1 y play a m backw>d game 9 ! trump suit4 ,?us1 ) ace1 k+1 & small trumps1 y lead a small "o1 by :i* y obta9 an increas$ *ance ( mak+ tricks 9 ! suit1 & y keep ! comm& ( x1 & mu/ h ! lead aft] ! ?ird r\nd1 ! advantage ( :i* w be pres5tly expla9$4 ,ev5 if y\r p>tn] is s weak 9 trumps t ! oppon5t w9s ! fir/ trick v *eaply1 b little 7if any7 h>m accrues2 = ! oppon5t !n has to op5 a suit up to y or y\r p>tn]4 ,9 ! great majority ( h&s1 trumps are appli$ to _! special uses1 viz43 #a4 ,to dis>m ! oppon5ts1 & to prev5t _! trump+ y\r w9n+-c>ds2 & #b4 ,to trump ! w9n+ c>ds ( ! adv]s>ies4 ,9 ord] to compreh5d :5 trumps may be mo/ pr(itably appli$ to ! fir/1 & :5 to ! second1 ( ^! uses1 we mu/ fir/ cle>ly p]ceive ! objects aim$ at ?r\gh\t ! h&1 viz43 to e/abli% a suit1 to exhau/ ! adv]s>ies' trumps1 & to reta9 ! long trump1 or a c]ta9 w9n+ c>d ) :i* to get ! lead aga91 = ! purpose ( br++ 9 ! suit2 also to endeav\r to ob/ruct simil> designs ( ! oppon5ts4 ,x foll[s t y %\ld #ac4 ,,lead ,,trumps ,,:5 ,,v ,,/rong ,,9 ,,!m4 ,x _c be too /rongly impress$ t ! prim>y use ( /r5g? 9 trumps is to draw ! adv]s>ies' trumps = ! br++ 9 ( y\r own or y\r p>tn]'s long suit4 ,) great /r5g? 9 trumps 7five or m71 y may proce$ at once to dis>m ! oppon5ts1 & lead trumps )\t wait+ to e/abli% a suit4 ,=1 ) five trumps or m1 ! *ance ( y\r succe$+ 9 draw+ ! o!r trumps1 & ( be+ left ) ! long trumps is s consid]able1 t y may !n almo/ always lead trumps1 :atev] y\r o!r c>ds4 ,! exceptional h&s are pr9cipally ^? :i* conta9 five trumps )\t an hon\r1 & five small c>ds ( a pla9 suit2 or five trumps )\t an hon\r1 & f\r middl+ c>ds ( "o pla9 suit toge!r ) f\r bad c>ds ( ano!r pla9 suit4 ,b if ! adv]s>ies are at ! score ( ?ree1 y %\ld lead a trump ) ^! h&s1 z y\r p>tn] mu/ h two hon\rs1 or v good c>ds out ( trumps1 = y to save ! game4 ,if y are at ! score ( ?ree1 ! adv]s>ies be+ love1 "o1 or two1 y %\ld n lead a trump m]ely because y h five trumps ) two hon\rs1 if !y are unaccompani$ by a v /rong suit1 or by good c>ds 9 ea* suit4 ,= "h1 if y\r p>tn] has an hon\r1 y probably w9 ! game 9 any case2 & if he has no hon\r y op5 ! trump suit to a disadvantage4 ,"s good play]s1 h[ev]1 d n all[ ?is to be an exceptional case4 ,! turn-up c>d may sometimes cause y to refra9 f lead+ trumps f five4 ,?us3 y h k+1 t51 n9e1 six1 & f\r ( spades 7trumps72 ace1 que51 & ?ree small diamonds2 & ?ree small he>ts4 ,y are f\r1 & ! ace ( spades is turn$ up4 ,9 ! op9ion ( mo/ play]s1 ! ace ( diamonds is ! be/ orig9al lead2 b1 if an ace 7 n turn$ up1 y %\ld lead a trump4 ,x is (t5 said1 ev5 by pretty good play]s1 ,/r5g? 9 trumps is no reason = lead+ !m1 unless y h a good suit z well4 ,if bo? y & y\r p>tn] are devoid ( good c>ds y _c make tricks2 b %\ld y\r p>tn] hold "o good suit out ( ! ?ree1 y w v likely br+ x 9 = him by lead+ f /r5g? 9 trumps4 ,=1 ev5 if y h a poor h& out ( trumps1 y w discov] 9 ! c\rse ( play 7i4e41 by ! suits l$ or disc>d$ by ! o!r play]s71 :at y\r p>tn]'s suit is1 & w be able to lead x to him ea* "t y get ! lead ) y\r long trumps4 ,besides1 if y\r h& is weak out ( trumps1 y are plac$ 9 ! disadvantage\s position ( lead+ f a weak suit unless y lead trumps4 ,y %\ld n be det]r$ f lead+ trumps because an hon\r is turn$ up to y\r "r1 nor necess>ily lead !m because ! same happ5s to y\r left2 ei!r is prop] if ! circum/ances ( ! h& require x1 b nei!r o!rwise4 ,to illu/rate ?is proposition1 take ?is h&3 ace1 que51 & ?ree small spades 7trumps71 ?ree small he>ts1 ?ree small clubs1 & two small diamonds4 ,! k+ ( spades is turn$ up f\r? h&4 ,! be/ lead is disput$2 b ! au?or has no hesitation 9 advis+ ! lead ( a small trump1 not)/&+ t !re is a c]ta9 f9esse ov] ! k+4 ,a little consid]ation w r5d] ?is app>5t4 ,by lead+ ! trump suit orig9ally1 y obta9 ! advantages j enum]at$1 & make ! deal] op5 a suit up to y\r p>tn]4 ,y\r p>tn]1 z soon z he gets ! lead1 w return ! trump1 & y ?us obta9 ! comm& ( trumps :e!r ! k+ 0 =c$ out 9 ! fir/ r\nd or n4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! sev]e consequ5ces ( leav+ ! adv]s>y ) ! long trump1 y mu/ be cauti\s 9 lead+ trumps f less ?an five2 f\r trumps & a mod]ate h& n ju/ify+ an orig9al trump lead4 ,y %\ld1 in/ead1 lead y\r /rong pla9 suit1 & if y e/abli% x1 & ! adv]s>ies d n meantime %[ any great /r5g?1 z by lead+ or call+ = trumps 7pp4 #abe-abg71 y may !n1 ) f\r trumps1 mo/ly v5ture a trump lead4 ,) /r5g? 9 trumps y may g5]ally f9esse m freely 9 ! second & ?ird r\nds ( trumps ?an y w\ld 9 pla9 suits4 ,9 pla9 suits an unsuccessful f9esse may result 9 ! be/ c>d be+ aft]w>ds trump$1 :i* _c happ5 9 trumps4 ,moreov]1 by f9ess+1 y keep ! w9n+ trump1 & s obta9 ! lead aft] ! ?ird r\nd4 ,?is is especially important :5 y h a suit e/abli%$ & b f\r trumps4 ,"h y %\ld1 g5]ally1 n m]ely f9esse 9 ! second r\nd1 b hold up ! w9n+ trump1 & sometimes at ?is juncture refuse to "p ) x ev5 if ! trump lead comes f ! adv]s>y4 ,an example w r5d] ?is m cle>4 ,! lead] 7,a7 has ace1 & ?ree small trumps1 a /rong suit1 head$ by ace1 k+1 que51 & a probable trick1 say k+ & ano!r1 9 a ?ird suit4 ,a %\ld1 9 ! writ]'s judgm5t1 lead a trump4 ,if ,b 7,a's p>tn]7 w9s ! fir/ trick 9 trumps1 & returns a /r5g!n+ trump1 ,a1 z a rule1 %\ld n "p ) 8 ace4 ,:5 ,a or ,b obta9 ! lead aga9 !y play a ?ird r\nd ( trumps1 :i*1 be+ won by ! ace1 enables ,a1 by lead+ 8 ti]ce major1 to get a =ce 7i4e41 to compel "o ( 8 adv]s>ies to trump 9 ord] to w9 ! trick71 9 :i* case no?+ %ort ( five trumps 9 "o h& aga9/ him c prev5t ,a's br++ 9 8 suit4 ,y mu/ be prep>$ = simil> tactics on ! "p ( ! adv]s>ies1 & n conclude t !y h n ! be/ trump because !y suff] y to w9 ! fir/ or second r\nd4 ,) a well protect$ h& conta9+ f\r trumps1 two be+ hon\rs1 a trump may be l$ orig9ally4 ,= "h ! *ance ( ga9+ by ! trump lead may be tak5 z great] ?an ! *ance ( los+4 ,?us ) que51 knave1 & two small trumps1 a f\r suit ) an hon\r1 say = example1 knave1 t51 n9e1 & a small "o1 k+ gu>d$ 9 ! ?ird suit1 & que5 gu>d$ 9 ! f\r?1 a small trump if x f9ds p>tn] ) an hon\r is by no means unlikely to w9 ! game4 ,if p>tn] turns out v weak 9 trumps ! lead] mu/ alt] 8 plan1 &1 in/ead ( cont9u+ ! trump lead1 play to make ?ree1 five or sev5 tricks accord+ to ! fall ( ! c>ds 9 pla9 suits4 ,trump leads1 )\t /r5g? 9 trumps1 c only be "r 9 consequ5ce ( "s special circum/ance 9 ! /ate ( ! game1 or ( ! score4 ,= in/ance1 great comm&+ /r5g? 9 all ! pla9 suits may call = a trump lead2 or x may be necessitat$ to /op a cross-ruff 7i4e41 ! alt]nate trump+ by p>tn]s ( diff]5t suits1 ea* lead+ ! suit 9 :i* ! o!r r5\nces71 9 :i* case x is g5]ally advisable to take out two r\nds if possible2 s ) ! w9n+ trump y play x out1 :atev] y\r o!rs are4 ,aga91 if y h a wret*$ h& & y are love to ?ree or f\r1 y assume t ! game is lo/1 unless y\r p>tn] is v /rong2 & if he is v /rong1 ! trump is ! be/ lead = him4 ,?is doctr9e is frequ5tly c>ri$ to excess1 z1 by conceal+ y\r weakness1 y (t5 /& a bett] *ance ( sav+ a po9t1 if n ! game1 ?an by at once expos+ x4 ,if1 !re=e1 y h "o f\r suit1 head$ by an hon\r1 y w\ld g5]ally d bett] to *oose t4 ,! trump lead is s mu* m important ?an any o!r t y %\ld almo/ always return y\r p>tn]'s lead ( trumps imm$iately1 except he has l$ f weakness1 :5 y are n b\nd to return x unless x suits y\r h&4 ,if y f9d "o ( ! adv]s>ies )\t a trump1 y %\ld mo/ly proce$ to e/abli% y\r long suit1 & ab/a9 f draw+ two trumps = "o2 to say no?+ ( ! probability t ! adv]s>y :o has n r5\nc$ is unusually /rong 9 trumps4 ,besides1 :5 he has ! lead1 he w v likely lead trumps 9 ord] to draw two = "o2 & x is m advantage\s to y t ! lead %\ld come f him4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if y\r p>tn] has no trump1 x is (t5 "r to endeav\r to weak5 ! adv]s>ies by cont9u+ ev5 _! trump lead4 ,x is a common artifice1 if y wi% a trump to be l$1 to drop a high c>d to ! adv]s>y's lead1 to induce him to believe t y w trump x next r\nd1 :]eupon ! lead] w v likely *ange ! suit1 & p]haps lead trumps4 ,?us1 if he leads k+ 7f ace1 k+1 & o!rs71 & y hold que5 & "o o!r1 x is evid5t t y _c make ! que54 ,if y ?r[ ! que5 to 8 k+1 he may lead a trump to prev5t y\r trump+ 8 ace2 b if he goes on ) ! suit1 & y drop y\r small c>d1 x may fairly be inf]r$ t y h be5 endeav\r+ to get him to lead a trump4 ,y\r p>tn] %\ld n[ take ! h9t1 &1 if he gets ! lead1 lead trumps2 = if y want !m l$1 x is ( little consequ5ce f :om ! lead comes4 ,by a conv5tional ext5sion ( ?is sy/em to l[] c>ds x is und]/ood t1 :5ev] y ?r[ away an unnecess>ily high c>d1 x is a sign 7aft] ! small] c>d drops7 t y want trumps l$4 ,?is is call$ ask+ = trumps or call+ = trumps4 ,:5 y ask = trumps1 y comm& y\r p>tn] to ab&on 8 own game1 & to lead a trump2 & y promise him1 9 return1 if he has reasonably good c>ds1 ei!r to w9 ! game or to make a consid]able score4 ,x has be5 laid d[n1 t ! m9imum /r5g? 9 trumps :i* ju/ifies y 9 issu+ su* an ord] to y\r p>tn] is f\r trumps1 two be+ hon\rs1 or five trumps1 "o be+ an hon\r1 accompani$ by su* c>ds 9 y\r own or y\r p>tn]'s suits t y are reasonably secure ( n hav+ a suit br\ght 9 aga9/ y4 ,?is rule1 h[ev]1 only applies to an orig9al ask4 ,if y h _h ! lead1 & h n l$ a trump1 or if y h _h an opportunity ( ask+ & h n ask$1 & y !n ask = trumps at a lat] p]iod ( ! h&1 ! ask is n a comm&1 l an orig9al "o1 nor does x necess>ily imply ! possession ( ! m9imum /r5g? above /at$4 ,x m]ely means t1 f ! fall ( ! c>ds1 y consid] a trump lead w\ld be v advantage\s4 ,= example3 y hold ace & a small spade2 k+1 t51 & two small he>ts 7trumps72 que5 & two small clubs2 & knave1 t5 & two o!r diamonds4 ,y lead a small diamond2 y\r p>tn] plays ! que52 ! f\r? h& plays ! ace4 ,a small club is n[ l$ ?r\gh y4 ,y %\ld ask = trumps4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] asks = trumps1 & y h f\r or m at ! "t y obta9 ! lead1 lead ! smalle/1 unless y h ! ace1 or ?ree hon\rs1 or que51 knave1 t52 if y h only two or ?ree trumps :5 y obta9 ! lead1 lead f ! highe/ d[nw>ds1 :atev] !y are4 ,be=e answ]+ ! ask1 be sure t ! high] c>d1 previ\sly dropp$1 is unnecess>ily high4 ,= in/ance a high] c>d is (t5 play$ be=e a l[]1 to %[ t y comm& ! suit1 or t y hold ! int]m$iate c>ds1 or to get out ( y\r p>tn]'s way4 ,x is v important to di/+ui% betwe5 cov]+ second h& & disc>d+ an unnecess>ily high c>d4 ,= example3 ) knave1 t51 & "o o!r 7say ! ?ree71 x is usual to play ! t5 second h& on a small c>d4 ,:5 y\r ?ree comes d[n 9 ! next r\nd1 x is n an ask = trumps1 unless y\r p>tn] c inf] t y d n hold ! knave4 ,mod]ate play]s1 :o "k ( ! ask1 nev] consid] ?is2 s ) !m ! *oice ( ! lea/ evil is g5]ally n to cov]1 = y o!rwise run ! t]rible risk ( hav+ a /r5g!n+ trump l$ to y ) a weak h&4 ,to ask = trumps1 second h&1 ) knave1 t51 & "o o!r1 y mu/ play ! knave4 ,:5 y\r p>tn] leads a trump1 or asks = trumps1 if y h num]ical /r5g? 9 trumps1 y %\ld ask at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,?is is call$ ! e*o ( ! call1 ?\gh x is made use ( also 9 response to a lead4 ,! advantages ( ! e*o are manifold4 ,y\r p>tn] be+ /rong 9 trumps may hesitate to take a =ce1 b y\r e*o enables him to d s )\t fe>1 & to p]sev]e ) ! trump lead4 ,or1 y\r p>tn] may be 9 d\bt aft] ! second r\nd ( trumps z to ! policy ( play+ a ?ird4 ,b if he c c\nt two m trumps 9 y\r h& he w be direct$4 ,?us3 eight are out1 y\r p>tn] has ?ree m2 y h e*o$4 ,he w "k t ! o!r two are 9 y\r h&1 & w n draw two = none1 z )\t ! e*o1 he might d4 ,! negative advantage ( ! e*o %\ld n be ov]look$4 ,?us3 to take ! same case ( eight trumps be+ out1 & ! lead] ) ?ree m trumps4 ,y 78 p>tn]7 h _h ! *ance ( s\nd+ an e*o1 b h n done s4 ,! lead] kn[s t y h n bo? ! rema9+ trumps1 & he w regulate 8 game accord+ly4 ,to y\r p>tn]'s trump lead y e*o 9 ! trump suit2 ! same if p>tn] calls1 & y are =c$4 ,?us3 y h eight1 sev51 five1 two ( trumps2 y\r left-h& adv]s>y leads k+1 ace ( a suit ( :i* y only hold "o4 ,y\r p>tn] calls4 ,y e*o1 by trump+ ) ! five1 & y !n lead ! eight4 ,on ! second r\nd ( trumps1 :5 y\r deuce falls1 ! e*o is complet$4 ,y\r p>tn] kn[s t y h "o m trump1 ei!r ! six or ! sev54 ,if y _h n e*o$1 he might n be able to tell = c]ta9 :e!r y hold ano!r trump or n4 7,see ,h&s ,,xxxiv41 ,,xxxv47 ,if y h f\r trumps & are =c$1 & y\r p>tn] !n leads or asks = trumps1 y %\ld e*o1 not)/&+ t y no long] h num]ical /r5g?4 ,?is case c be/ be illu/rat$ by an example4 7,see ,h& ,,xxxvi47 99 99 99 99 99 ,! use ( /r5g? 9 trumps be+ to dis>m ! oppon5ts1 x foll[s t y %\ld z mu* z possible husb& y\r /r5g? = t purpose4 ,!re=e :5 second play]1 #ad4 ,,d ,,n ,,trump ,a ,,d\btful ,,c>d ,,if ,,/rong ,,9 ,,trumps4 ,by a d\btful c>d is meant a c>d ( a suit ( :i* y\r p>tn] may h ! be/4 ,:e!r y %\ld trump or refuse to trump a d\btful c>d dep5ds almo/ entirely on y\r /r5g? 9 trumps4 ,x has already be5 m5tion$ t x is an advantage to trump :5 y are weak1 = y ?us make a little trump1 :i* is n available = ! o!r uses ( trumps1 & :i*1 if n us$ = trump+1 w pres5tly be drawn by ! /rong h&4 ,x is conv]sely a disadvantage to trump a d\btful c>d :5 y are /rong 9 trumps1 = by trump+ y weak5 y\r num]ical p[]1 & dim9i% ! probability ( y\r br++ 9 a suit4 ,if1 in/ead ( trump+1 y ?r[ away a los+ c>d1 y in=m y\r p>tn] t y h /r5g? 9 trumps1 & also1 by y\r disc>d1 :at y\r /rong suit is2 & if y\r p>tn] has any /r5g? 9 ! suit l$1 y leave him 9 a fav\rable position4 ,if y refuse to ov]trump1 or to trump a c]ta9 w9n+ c>d1 y\r p>tn] %\ld conclude ei!r t y h no trump1 or m probably f\r trumps & a p[]ful h& besides4 ,if he concludes t y are res]v+ y\r trumps to br+ 9 a suit1 he %\ld assi/ y by lead+ trumps z soon z he c4 ,a refusal to be ?us =c$ is seldom requisite if y h m ?an f\r trumps2 ) six y are mo/ly /rong en\gh to trump & to lead trumps2 ) five y may d ! same1 if y\r suit is e/abli%$2 b if n1 x is g5]ally be/ to take ! =ce1 & to lead y\r suit4 ,! situations 9 :i* x is mo/ necess>y to refuse to ov]trump y\r "r-h& adv]s>y1 or to refuse to trump a w9n+ c>d1 occur :5 y h f\r trumps & a v /rong suit1 or a suit e/abli%$ e>ly 9 a h&4 ,= !n1 by trump+1 y prejudice y\r *ance ( br++ 9 ! suit 9 ord] to secure "o trick4 ,by refus+ to "p ) a trump 9 ^! cases1 y obta9 ! advantages j enum]at$1 at ! "t :5 !y are mo/ likely to become ( s]vice2 &1 :]e y refuse to ov]trump1 y\r adv]s>y is left ) "o trump less1 by :i* y\r h& is /r5g!n$4 ,_m play]s run into ! extreme ( always refus+ to be =c$ by a w9n+ c>d :5 !y are /rong 9 trumps4 ,! situations1 h[ev]1 j indicat$1 are almo/ ! only ones 9 :i* x answ]s to hold up2 & ^! ev5 are liable to sev]al exceptions4 ,= in/ance3--#a4 ,y %\ld n p]si/ 9 refus+ to be =c$ if y f9d t ! adv]s>y has ! entire comm& ( 8 suit4 #b4 ,y %\ld n refuse if y\r p>tn] evid5tly int5ds to =ce y2 &1 #c4 ,y %\ld n refuse to ov]trump if y h reason to believe t y\r left-h& adv]s>y is /rong 9 trumps4 ,) an untaught p>tn] x is useless to refuse to trump2 he w n und]/& x1 b w cont9ue to =ce y4 ,) su*1 ! be/ c\rse is r to make tricks :5 y c ?an to play = a great game4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f :at has j be5 said1 x is evid5tly an advantage to #ae4 ,,=ce ,a ,,/rong ,,trump ,,h& ,,( ,,! ,,adv]s>y4 ,= y !reby take ! be/ *ance ( prev5t+ 8 mak+ use ( 8 trumps = br++ 9 a suit4 ,if he refuses to take a =ce1 keep on giv+ x to him4 ,= in/ance1 if he passes y\r k+ 7l$ f k+1 que51 c471 & ! k+ w9s1 cont9ue ! suit1 & s on4 ,"s play]s c nev] be br\ght to und]/& ?is2 !y d n l to see _! w9n+ c>ds trump$1 & !re=e frequ5tly *ange _! suit or ev5 lead trumps :5 an adv]s>y refuses to be =c$4 ,x n[ h>dly requires to be /at$ t x is bad play int5tionally to =ce a weak adv]s>y1 & /ill worse to lead a suit to :i* bo? adv]s>ies r5\nce1 z ! weak w trump & ! /rong get rid ( a los+ c>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if y h num]ical /r5g? 9 trumps1 y are ju/ifi$ 9 =c+ y\r p>tn]1 rely+ on y\r own /r5g? to dis>m ! oppon5ts4 ,b #af4 ,,d ,,n ,,=ce ,,y\r ,,p>tn] ,,if ,,y ,,are ,,weak ,,9 ,,trumps4 ,= y ?us weak5 him1 & leave x 9 ! p[] ( ! antagoni/s to draw all ! trumps1 & br+ 9 _! suit4 ,if1 !n1 a good p>tn] refra9s f =c+ y1 y may be sure he is weak2 on ! o!r h&1 if he evid5tly int5ds to =ce y 7z by lead+ a los+ c>d ( a suit he kn[s y mu/ trump71 y may assume t he is /rong 9 trumps1 & y %\ld take ! =ce will+ly1 ev5 ?\gh y d n want to be =c$1 dep5d+ on 8 /r5g? to exhau/ ! adv]s>ies' trumps4 ,y may1 h[ev]1 ?\gh weak1 =ce y\r p>tn] "u ^! circum/ances4 #a4 ,:5 he has already %[n a desire to be =c$1 or weakness 9 trumps1 z by trump+ a d\btful c>d1 or by refra9+ f =c+ y4 #b4 ,:5 y h a cross-ruff1 :i* secures sev]al tricks at once1 & is !re=e (t5 m advantage\s ?an try+ to e/abli% a suit4 #c4 ,sometimes :5 y are play+ a close game1 z = ! odd trick1 & (t5 :5 "o trick saves or w9s ! game or a po9t4 ,& #d4 ,sometimes :5 great /r5g? 9 trumps has be5 decl>$ aga9/ y4 ,if y\r p>tn] leads a ?irte5? c>d1 or a c>d ( a suit 9 :i* he kn[s t bo? y & ! f\r? play] r5\nce1 y\r play mu/ dep5d on y\r p>tn]'s /r5g? 9 trumps4 ,if he is /rong1 he wants y to put on y\r be/ trump1 ei!r to make ! trumps sep>ately1 or to =ce out "o or two high ones1 to leave himself ) ! comm&4 ,if he is weak 9 trumps1 he wants y to pass ! c>d1 t ! f\r? play] may obta9 ! lead1 & lead up to y\r h&4 ,no g5]al rule c be giv5 z to ! c\rse to be pursu$ ) reg>d to ?irte5? c>ds4 ,y mu/ judge ( ! lead]'s int5tion by ! score & ! previ\s fall ( ! c>ds4 ,illu/ration ,,play+ ,,to ,,! ,,bo>d4 #ag4 ,,play ,,to ,,! ,,score2 ,,& #ah4 ,,wat* ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,! ,,c>ds1 ,,& ,,draw ,,y\r ,,inf]5ces ,,at ,,! ,,"t4 ,^! two all-important pr9ciples h already be5 m5tion$ z caus+ diff]5ces 9 ! play4 ,! commone/ =m 9 :i* ! =m] is pres5t$ to u is ?is3 at ! score ( ,love-all five tricks save ! game aga9/ two by hon\rs4 ,x is (t5 "r1 !re=e1 :5 two by hon\rs h be5 decl>$ aga9/ y1 to g = ! fif? trick by lead+ (f a w9n+ c>d1 or by putt+ "o on second or ?ird h&4 ,to expla9 fur!r :at is meant by play+ to ! score1 put y\rself 9 ?is situation4 ,f\r trumps rema9 91 ! adv]s>ies h two w9n+ trumps1 x be+ unc]ta9 :e!r !y are 9 "o h& or divid$2 y h ! two los+ trumps1 two =c+ c>ds1 & ! lead2 y c only play correctly by ref]r+ to ! score4 ,?us1 if ! adv]s>y is at f\r1 & y h won five1 or ev5 six tricks1 y\r game w\ld be to secure two tricks by =c+2 = if y play a trump & ! two aga9/ y are 9 ! same h&1 y lose ! game4 ,b suppose y are at ! po9t ( two1 & ! adv]s>ies are n at f\r1 & y h won six tricks1 y\r game w\ld be to risk ! trump2 = if y br+ d[n ! o!r trumps y w9 ! game2 b by play+ to =ce y make c]ta9 ( scor+ only f\r4 ,by apply+ ?is mode ( reason+ y w (t5 be direct$ z to a f9esse late 9 a h&4 7,fur!r illu/rations ( play+ to ! score occur 9 ! h&s47 ,= simple examples ( draw+ inf]5ces at ! "t ( ! fall ( ! c>ds take ! foll[+3--#a4 ,y lead a small c>d f ace1 knave1 c42 y\r p>tn] w9s ) ! que52 y %\ld imm$iately 7i4e41 be=e ano!r c>d is l$7 inf] t ! k+ _c be ) y\r "r-h& adv]s>y4 ,h5ce1 on ! return ( ! suit1 y w\ld n f9esse ! knave4 #b4 ,y are second play]1 & a suit is l$ 9 :i* y h k+1 t51 & "o small "o4 ,y play ! small "o4 ,! ?ird h& plays ! que51 :i* is won ) ! ace4 ,y %\ld at once inf] t ! ?ird h& _c h ! knave1 & t y may safely f9esse ! t5 next r\nd4 ,y w greatly assi/ y\r memory by sy/ematically record+ inf]5ces 9 ! above mann]4 ,9 addition to ?is y %\ld apply y\r k ( ! pr9ciples to not+ important po9ts1 n attempt+ too mu* at fir/4 ,beg9 by c\nt+ ! trumps z !y fall1 & notice1 at all ev5ts1 ! hon\rs1 & rememb] ! turn-up c>d4 ,by degrees y w f9d y\rself able to recollect ! t5 & n9e1 & !n ! small] trumps4 ,next att5d to ! suit l$ orig9ally by ea* play]1 & wat* 9 ! second r\nd :e!r ! lead 0 f /r5g? or weakness4 ,try also to rememb] ! fall ( ! c>ds 9 y\r own /rong suit1 t y may "k :5 x is e/abli%$4 ,beyond ?is1 exp]i5ce w enable y to judge :at to reta9 & :at to reject 9 ea* h&2 s t1 ) practice1 y w acquire :at may be t]m$ :i/ memory :i* w enable y1 )\t any great ef=t1 to recollect ! pr9cipal features ( e h&4 ,! fall ( ! c>ds may1 "o "t or ano!r1 modify ne>ly e rule ( play4 ,a play] :o simply foll[s rule1 & fails to grasp ! situations 9 :i* rule %\ld be dep>t$ f1 is a m]e ma*9e )\t intellig5ce4 ,g5]al pr9ciples only apply to ! g5]al case2 to apply !m to p>ticul> cases1 obs]vation1 inf]5ce1 & judgm5t are ess5tial4 ,?us1 9 ! ,analysis ( ,leads1 x appe>s t ! c>d :i* %\ld be l$ 9 trumps (t5 diff]s f ! c>d :i* %\ld be l$ 9 pla9 suits4 ,! reason is giv5 at p4 #aai4 ,b x w be cle> to any "o :o reads betwe5 ! l9es1 t pla9 suits %\ld be l$ l trumps1 if all ! rema9+ trumps are 9 ! lead]'s or 8 p>tn]'s h&s2 or1 if all ! trumps are out1 & ! lead] or 8 p>tn] has c]ta9 c>ds ( re-entry 9 o!r suits4 ,z ano!r example1 take ! case ( return$ leads4 ,a leads a small c>d2 ! second h& plays a small c>d2 ,b 7?ird h&7 puts on ! eight2 ! f\r? h& w9s ) ! que54 ,:5 ,b gets ! lead he returns ! knave4 ,x is evid5t t ,b mu/ h ! t5 & ! n9e4 ,"h two pr9ciples appe> to conflict4 ,"o rule is1 ) f\r orig9ally return ! smalle/2 ! o!r rule is convey in=mation to y\r p>tn]4 ,:5 a play] has ?us to *oose betwe5 two rules1 he mu/ use 8 intellig5ce1 9 ord] to decide "u :i* rule 8 great] advantage lies4 ,9 ! example giv51 ! return ( ! knave _c deceive p>tn] z to ! numb] ( c>ds held 9 ! suit2 if he takes ! tr\ble to ?9k1 he w at once p]ceive t ! rule z to return$ leads has be5 dep>t$ f1 9 ord] to convey in=mation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ?ree foll[+ ,examples fur!r illu/rate cases :]e play+ to ! bo>d is involv$4 ,,case ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,a #i1 #d1 #c1 #b ,y ,a1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #e ,b #h1 ,kg1 #h1 #g ,z #i1 #g1 #f1 #i ,score3 ,,ab1 ?ree2 ,,yz1 f\r4 ,spades trumps4 ,,ab h six tricks & h play$ two by hon\rs4 ,x is kn[n f ! fall ( ! c>ds t ,a has no trump2 also t ,z has ! long diamond4 ,a to lead4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,play ,,& ,,rem>ks4--,a leads a small club4 ,y puts on ! ace second h&4 ,9 ord] to save 7& w97 ! game1 ,y & 8 p>tn] mu/ w9 e trick 7see /atem5t ( score & ( fall ( ! c>ds74 ,y sees t to d ?is ,z mu/ h two ( ! ?ree rema9+ trumps4 ,?is be+ s1 ,z c h b "o club1 & ,y !re=e puts on ! ace ( clubs second h&4 ,= o!r illu/rations see ,h&s ,,viii & ,,xv4 ,,case ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,qn1 #h1 #b ,y #g1 #g1 #aj ,b #i1 ,knv1 #g ,z ,knv1 #aj1 #c ,score3 ,,ab want two tricks to save ! game4 ,he>ts trumps4 ,a to lead4 ,a kn[s ,y to h ! be/ he>t2 also ,b to h ! be/ diamond & weak spades4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,play ,,& ,,rem>ks4--,a leads ! que5 ( spades1 & !n ! los+ trump4 ,a takes ! only *ance ( w9n+ two tricks4 ,to accompli% ?is ,y mu/ hold "o spade & "o diamond1 z w appe> by plac+ ! unkn[n c>ds 9 any o!r way4 ,a !re=e plays on ! assumption t ,y holds a spade & a diamond 9 addition to ! trump :i* is decl>$ 9 8 h&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= ano!r illu/ration ( lead+ a los+ trump to place ! lead see ,h& ,,xxxv4 ,,case ,,iii4 ,x is ! duty ( a play] to make ! game z easy to 8 p>tn] z he c4 ,! play (t5 dep5ds on ! sort ( p>tn]4 ,= example3--y lead ! t5 f k+1 que51 knave1 t51 only1 or f k+1 knave1 t51 c4 ,suppose ! lead to be f ! =m] comb9ation1 & t y\r t5 =ces ! ace f ! f\r? h&4 ,y obta9 ! lead aga94 ,! prop] lead n[ is ! que54 7,see ,analysis ( ,leads1 p4 #fg74 ,b1 ) an indiff]5t p>tn]1 ! bett] lead is ! k+1 z he may n h drawn ! correct inf]5ce f ! fir/ lead1 & kn[+ ! que5 is n ! be/1 he may trump x4 ,h[ev] good y\r p>tn] may be1 y %\ld n put him into unnecess>y difficulties4 ,= example3-- ,illu/ration3 ,b ,knv1 ,knv1 #aj1 #d ,z #f1 #g1 #e1 #b ,a ,qn1 #aj1 ,knv1 #g ,y ,knv1 #c1 ,kg1 #i ,spades trumps4 ,y c c\nt two he>ts1 & que51 t5 ( spades 9 ,a's h&1 & a small spade 9 ,z's h&4 ,a to lead4 ,,! ,,play ,,& ,,rem>ks4--,a leads ! sev5 ( he>ts4 ,y %\ld put on ! k+1 ?\gh c]ta9 ( be+ able to w9 ) ! n9e4 ,=1 if ,y w9s ) ! n9e1 he compels ,z to play a c\p1 viz41 to trump ! be/ he>t1 9 ord] to get ! lead ?r\gh ! que51 t5 ( spades2 b1 if ,y w9s ) ! k+ & leads ! los+ he>t1 x requires no +5uity on ,z's "p to trump x4 ,,c\ps4 ,!re is no ,:i/ pr9ciple :i* %\ld n be occasionally violat$1 ow+ to ! k ( ! h&s d]iv$ f inf]5ce dur+ ! play4 ,"s ( ! m frequ5t ( ! cases1 :]e a g5]al rule c be giv5 = dep>t+ f rule1 may advantage\sly close ?is ,section4 ,,lead+ ,,f ,,weake/ ,,suit4 ,x is advisable 9 mo/ cases :]e ! game is desp]ate1 & :]e x is cle> t y\r p>tn] mu/ be /rong 9 y\r weak suit to save ! game1 to lead y\r weake/ suit1 not)/&+ ,pr9ciple #a 7p4 #ef74 ,y\r p>tn] %\ld f9esse deeply 9 ! suit y lead him1 & %\ld n return x1 b1 actuat$ by motives simil> to y\rs1 %\ld lead 8 weake/ suit1 9 :i* y %\ld f9esse deeply1 & cont9ue y\r weak suit1 & s on4 ,= example3 ,,ab 7p>tn]s7 lead trumps4 ,!y w9 ! fir/ ?ree tricks1 & %[ f\r by hon\rs1 & ?ree m trumps rema9 9 ,a's h&4 ,consequ5tly1 if ,,ab w9 ano!r trick1 !y w9 ! game4 ,y or ,z n[ has ! lead = ! fir/ "t4 ,8 lead %\ld be f 8 weake/ suit1 on ?is pr9ciple3 if 8 p>tn] has n ! comm& ( x1 or a successful f9esse 9 x1 ! game is lo/4 ,say ,y leads1 & ,z w9s ! trick4 ,z %\ld n return ,y's lead1 b %\ld simil>ly lead 8 weake/ suit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= an illu/ration ( ?is c\p1 see ,h& ,,xxvii4 ,,treat+ ,,long ,,suits ,,l ,,%ort ,,ones1 ,,& ,,vice ,,v]s4 ,x (t5 happ5s t[>ds ! end ( a h&1 t an unplay$ suit1 ( :i* ! lead] holds 7say7 f\r c>ds1 c only g r\nd twice1 e4g41 !re may be two trumps left 9 9 "o ( ! oppon5ts' h&s4 ,9 su* a case1 if y\r suit is head$ by que5 or knave1 y %\ld treat x z a suit ( two c>ds only1 & lead y\r highe/1 z ?is gives ! be/ *ance ( mak+ two tricks 9 ! suit4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ! rev]se case1 :]e a suit c only g r\nd once1 x is obvi\s t a small c>d %\ld be l$1 s z n to tempt p>tn] to f9esse4 ,?us1 hold+ que5 & "o small c>d ( an unplay$ suit1 :i* y are ab\t to lead1 all ! oppon5ts' c>ds b "o be+ w9n+ c>ds1 ! prop] lead is ! small c>d4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= an illu/ration see ,h& ,,xxii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,!re is ano!r case1 kn[n z ,des*apelles' c\p1 :]e ! prop] c>d to lead is n det]m9$ by ! lead]'s num]ical p[] 9 ! suit4 ,x is ?is3 all ! adv]s>ies' & p>tn]'s trumps are exhau/$1 & ! lead]'s p>tn] rema9s ) an e/abli%$ suit4 ,if ! lead] 7n hav+ any ( 8 p>tn]'s suit left7 is oblig$ to op5 a fre% suit head$ by k+1 que51 or knave1 he %\ld lead ! highe/ c>d1 irrespective ( ! numb] ( c>ds he holds 9 ! suit1 t be+ ! be/ *ance ( subsequ5tly procur+ ! lead = 8 p>tn] 9 case 8 only c>d ( entry 9 t suit %\ld be an hon\r1 n ! ace4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= an illu/ration ( ?is c\p1 see ,h& ,,xxviii4 99 99 99 99 99 ,des*apelles' c\p (t5 succe$s 9 practice1 b x may g5]ally be defeat$ by an att5tive play]4 ,:5 ! above-describ$ position ( ! c>ds occurs1 ! adv]s>y1 if he has ! ace ( ! fre% suit l$1 %\ld n put x on fir/ r\nd4 ,! suit w1 9 all probability1 be cont9u$ ) a l[ c>d1 :5 ! ?ird play] w mo/ likely be compell$ to play 8 highe/1 :i* w be tak5 by ! ace2 &1 hav+ lo/ ! c>d ( re-entry1 he nev] br+s 9 8 suit1 unless he gets ! lead 9 "s o!r way4 ,,refus+ ,,to ,,w9 ,,! ,,second ,,r\nd ,,( ,a ,,suit4 ,?is is a case ( by no means infrequ5t occurr5ce4 ,= example3 "o ( ! adv]s>ies has a long suit decl>$ 9 8 fav\r1 :i* is l$ a second "t4 ,only "o trump rema9s 91 :i* is 9 ! h& ( ! second or f\r? play]4 ,z a rule1 ! second r\nd ( ! suit %\ld n be trump$4 ,! ?ird r\nd w probably exhau/ ! adv]se h&1 :i* is num]ically weak 9 ! suit4 ,if x s happ5s t ! play] :o is num]ically /rong 9 x has no c>d ( re-entry 9 any o!r suit1 he w !n nev] br+ 9 8 long suit1 z 8 p>tn]1 ^: h& is exhau/$1 _c lead x aga91 %\ld he get ! lead aft] ! ?ird r\nd4 ,if !re is a c>d ( re-entry 9 ! h& ( ! play] :o has num]ical /r5g?1 he mu/ br+ 9 ! suit1 :e!r ! second r\nd is trump$ or n4 ,see ,h& ,,xxix = an illu/ration ( ?is position4 ,a simil> rule applies1 b less frequ5tly1 :5 "o adv]s>y has ! long trumps1 & 8 p>tn] a long suit ne>ly e/abli%$4 ,= an illu/ration ( ?is position1 see ,h& ,,xxx4 ,,decl9+ ,,to ,,draw ,,! ,,los+ ,,trump4 ,:5 all ! trumps are out b two1 & ! lead] rema9s ) ! be/ trump1 ! los+ trump be+ 9 ! h& ( 8 adv]s>y1 ! natural & obvi\s play is to draw ! la/ trump4 ,b !re is a class ( cases 9 :i* ! trump %\ld n be drawn z a matt] ( c\rse1 viz41 if "o adv]s>y has a long suit e/abli%$1 & 8 p>tn] has a c>d ( t suit to lead4 ,! case usually happ5s 9 ?is way3 ,,yz 7p>tn]s7 lead a suit1 & aft] two r\nds e/abli% x4 ,!y !n lead trumps f a suit ( f\r trumps 7see p4 #abc74 ,elev5 trumps come out1 & ,a 7,,yz's adv]s>y7 has ! lead & ! be/ trump1 "o ( ! oppon5ts hav+ ! los+ trump4 ,! "q !n arises1 ,%\ld ,a draw ! trump8 ,a %\ld draw ! trump if he has also an e/abli%$ suit2 or1 if ,b 7,a's p>tn]7 has an e/abli%$ suit1 & ,a c put ! lead into ,b's h&4 ,=1 9 ^! two cases1 ,a or ,b _c d bett] ?an br+ 9 _! suit4 ,aga91 ,a %\ld draw ! trump1 if ! adv]s>y :o has a suit e/abli%$ 7say ,z7 has also ! los+ trump1 = !n1 if ei!r ,y or ,z has a c>d ( re-entry 9 ei!r ( ! o!r two suits1 ,z _c be prev5t$ f br++ 9 8 e/abli%$ suit4 ,la/ly1 ,a %\ld draw ! trump if ,y 7,z's p>tn]7 has ! los+ trump1 & ,z has1 decl>$ 9 8 h&1 two c>ds ( re-entry4 ,! la/ case may be dismiss$ z ( b little practical use1 z1 at ! "t :5 ,a has to decide :e!r he w draw ! trump1 he w seldom "k en\gh ab\t ! rema9+ c>ds to be positive t ,z has two c>ds ( re-entry4 ,9 ! above cases1 ,a1 by n draw+ ! trump1 makes 8 adv]s>ies a pres5t ( a trick4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,a %\ld n draw ! trump if "o oppon5t 7,z7 has an e/abli%$ suit1 :i* ,y 7,z's p>tn]7 c lead1 ! los+ trump be+ 9 ,y's h&4 ,&1 x is especially incumb5t on ,a n to draw ! trump1 if ei!r he or 8 p>tn] has a suit :i* w probably be e/abli%$ by lead+ x1 & if ,a c inf] f ! fall ( ! c>ds t ,y has only "o c>d ( 8 p>tn]'s e/abli%$ suit 9 8 h&1 subject1 ( c\rse1 to ! qualifications already not$4 ,! po9t aim$ at 9 n draw+ ! trump1 is1 fir/ to get ! comm&+ c>d ( ,a's or ,b's long suit out ( ! adv]se h&4 ,y or ,z ?us obta9s ! lead1 & cont9ues ! e/abli%$ suit1 :i* ,a trumps ) ! w9n+ trump4 ,if1 n[1 ,z has no c>d ( re-entry 9 ! f\r?--or unop5$--suit1 he nev] br+s 9 8 e/abli%$ suit1 ,y n hav+ ano!r c>d ( x to lead4 ,! case is difficult to c>ry :5 /at$ ?us g5]ally2 = an illu/ration1 see ,h& ,,xxxi4 ,,refus+ ,,to ,,ov]trump4 ,cases (t5 happ5 :]e x is n advisable to ov]trump4 ,mo/ ( ^! dep5d on ! fall ( ! c>ds & on inf]5ces f ! play 7see ,h&s ,,xxiii1 ,,xxiv71 & _c be g5]alis$4 ,b !re is "o case 9 :i* x is nev] "r to ov]trump1 viz41 :5 ?ree c>ds rema9 9 ea* h&1 & "o play] holds ! second & ?ird be/ trumps1 ) "o ( :i* he trumps ! c>d l$4 ,if ! play] to 8 left has ! be/ & f\r? be/ trumps1 he c nev] ga9 any?+ by ov]trump+1 & may lose a trick1 z ! foll[+ example %[s3-- ,illu/ration3 ,y #i1 #d1 #aj ,b #i1 #h1 ,knv ,z ,kg1 #f1 ,a ,a #c1 #h1 #g ,! position ( ! trumps 7spades7 is kn[n4 ,a leads a he>t1 ,b trumps x4 ,if ,z ov]trumps he loses ! o!r two tricks1 b if he ?r[s ! ace ( diamonds he w9s ! o!r two tricks4 ,?is rule = n ov]trump+ _c be laid d[n absolutely :5 !re are m ?an ?ree c>ds 9 h&2 b :5 only f\r trumps rema9 91 second & ?ird be/ aga9/ be/ & f\r?1 x is s frequ5tly advisable n to ov]trump1 t ! play] %\ld consid] well ! position ( ! rema9+ c>ds be=e ov]trump+4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= an illu/ration ( ?is case1 see ,h& ,,xxv4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s9ce x is s (t5 "r n to ov]trump "u ^! circum/ances1 x foll[s t :5 ! case arises ! play] :o holds second & ?ird be/ %\ld1 z a rule1 attempt to defeat ! c\p by play+ a false c>d--i4e41 he %\ld trump ) ! high] c>d 9 hopes ( deceiv+ 8 left h& oppon5t z to ! position ( ! ?ird be/ trump4 ,,?r[+ ,,high ,,c>ds ,,to ,,place ,,! ,,lead4 ,?is c\p pres5ts itself 9 a v>iety ( =ms2 ! foll[+ are select$ z likely to be ( use4 ,:5ev] y are left at ! end ( a h& ) ! t5ace 9 trumps 7ei!r be/ & ?ird be/1 or second be/ gu>d$7 ov] ! play] to y\r "r1 & two o!r c>ds1 bo? be+ c>ds ( ! suit l$ by him1 y1 second h&1 %\ld always ?r[ ! highe/ c>d ( 8 lead to t trick4 ,y c nev] lose by s do+1 & may w94 ,= example3 y h n9e & five ( ! suit l$4 ,?r[ ! n9e4 ,=1 9 ! second r\nd ( ! suit1 x may s happ5 t y get ! lead ) ! n9e4 ,if ! c>ds lie ?us1 = in/ance3-- ,illu/ration3 ,y #i1 #e1 ,a1 #aj ,b ,knv1 ,qn1 #h1 #f ,z ,kg1 ,qn1 #h1 #c ,a ,a1 #f1 ,kg1 #g ,y has ! t5ace 9 he>ts 7trumps7 ov] ,a4 ,a leads ace ( clubs4 ,if ,y does n ?r[ ! n9e1 & ,z plays c>elessly & fails to w9 ,y's n9e 9 ! next r\nd1 ,,yz lose a trick4 ,( c\rse1 ,z ought to w9 ! second r\nd1 b x is ,y's duty to r5d] x impossible = ,z n to d s 7see ,rem>ks on mak+ x easy to ,p>tn]1 p4 #aci74 ,! typical example ( ?is c\p is ! case :]e ! lead] plays ! ace1 & ! second play] has k+ gu>d$1 z 9 ! foll[+ example3-- ,illu/ration3 ,y ,a1 ,knv1 ,kg1 #b ,b ,z ,a ,kg1 #aj1 ,a1 #d ,spades trumps4 ,!re are only f\r spades 91 & ,y kn[s t ,a has ! k+1 t54 ,b's & ,z's c>ds are immat]ial4 ,a leads ! ace ( diamonds4 ,if ,y plays ! two ( diamonds he c only make two tricks2 b1 if he ?r[s ! k+ to ! ace1 he /ill makes two tricks1 &1 if 8 p>tn] has ! que5 ( diamonds1 he makes ?ree tricks4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is c\p may be simil>ly play$ 9 pla9 suits4 ,= an illu/ration see ,h& ,,xxxii4 ,! foll[+ f9e c\p 7:i* occurr$ 9 actual play7 exemplifies a simil>1 b m complicat$1 case3-- ,illu/ration3 ,y ,kg1 #e1 #c1 #b ,b #i1 #f1 #aj1 #h ,z ,a1 ,qn1 ,qn1 #i ,a ,knv1 #aj1 #h1 #g ,score3 ,,yz require e trick4 ,he>ts trumps4 ,x is kn[n t ! trumps lie betwe5 ,b & ,z4 ,a leads a club2 ,y & ,b play small clubs4 ,z1 kn[+ t ,b holds ! second be/ trump gu>d$1 takes ! only *ance ( sav+ ! game1 by w9n+ ! fir/ trick 9 clubs ) ! ace1 & return+ ! que54 ,y1 see+ 8 p>tn]'s anxiety to get rid ( ! lead1 rightly conjectures him to hold ! major t5ace 9 trumps4 ,he1 !re=e1 w9s 8 p>tn]'s que5 ( clubs ) ! k+1 & saves ! game4 ,x be+ kn[n t ! rema9+ trumps lie betwe5 ,b & ,z1 ,y w\ld be "r to w9 ! second r\nd ( clubs "u all circum/ances ( ! score4 ,= ano!r illu/ration ( ?is c\p1 see ,h& ,,xxxiii4 ,on a simil> pr9ciple1 ! lead] n infrequ5tly leads a los+ pla9 c>d1 or a los+ trump1 at ! end ( a h&1 9 ord] to place ! lead4 ,= illu/rations1 see ,case ,,ii1 p4 #ach1 & ,h&s ,,xvi1 ,,xvii1 & ,,xxxv4 ,,! ,,gr& ,,c\p4 ,! ,gr& ,c\p consi/s 9 ?r[+ away a sup]flu\s trump4 ,at ! fir/ glance x appe>s impossible to h a sup]abundance ( trumps2 b cases sometimes happ5 :]e a play] has a trump too _m4 ,to get rid ( ?is trump--z by und]trump+ a trick already trump$ by y\r p>tn]1 or by trump+ a trick :i* he has won1 or :i* y "k he may w9--is to play ! gr& c\p4 ,! opportunity = play+ ! gr& c\p g5]ally happ5s 9 ?is way4 ,two r\nds ( trumps come out1 leav+ five trumps 91 two 9 ! h& ( 7say7 ,b1 & ?ree 9 ! h& ( ,z 7! play] to 8 left74 ,if ,b has ! be/ & ?ird be/ trumps1 or ! second be/ gu>d$1 & trumps are n l$ aga91 nor us$ = trump+1 x is cle> t at ! elev5? trick ,z mu/ obta9 ! lead1 & mu/ lead up to ! t5ace 9 trumps4 ,if1 be=e ! elev5? trick1 ,z trumps a trick ( 8 p>tn]'s 7or1 9 ! case ( only sev5 trumps com+ out 9 two r\nds1 und]trumps a trick already trump$ by 8 p>tn]71 & ! lead at ! elev5? trick c ?us be kept 9--or put into--,z's p>tn]'s h&1 ! gr& c\p comes (f1 z 9 ! foll[+ example3-- ,illu/ration3 ,y ,qn1 #e1 #c1 #f ,b #aj1 #g1 #e1 #c ,z ,knv1 ,knv1 #i1 #e ,a #h1 #f1 #aj1 #i ,clubs trumps4 ,z kn[s t ,b has t5 & ano!r trump4 ,a leads ! t5 ( diamonds2 ,y trumps ) ! six ( clubs2 ,z und]trumps ) ! five4 ,if he reta9s 8 ?ree trumps1 & ,b refuses to trump ! que5 ( spades next l$ by ,y1 ,z loses a trick 9 clubs4 ,! opportunity = play+ ! gr& c\p is (t5 miss$4 ,a play] %\ld always be on ! look-out = x :5 he has five trumps1 especially if a trump is l$ to 8 "r4 ,x %\ld be add$ also1 t if ! play] :o attempts x reta9s a high c>d 9 8 h&1 he may be j z badly (f z ?\gh he rema9$ ) ?ree trumps4 ,?us1 hold+ ?ree trumps aga9/ two1 & ace & ano!r c>d ( ano!r suit1 x is n suffici5t t he disposes ( "o ( 8 trumps2 he %\ld also get rid ( 8 ace 7see ,rem>ks on ,?r[+ ,high ,c>ds to place ! ,lead1 pp4 #adg-aea74 ,! foll[+ example w r5d] ?is m cle>3-- ,illu/ration3 ,y ,knv1 #e1 #e1 ,knv ,b ,qn1 #f1 ,a1 #e ,z ,qn1 #aj1 #i1 #h ,a #h1 ,kg1 #g1 #f ,he>ts trumps4 ,b has already got rid ( 8 sup]flu\s trump4 ,a leads ! eight ( clubs4 ,b %\ld ?r[ ! ace ( diamonds to x4 ,=1 if ,b has ! lead aft] ! next trick1 he might j z well h kept 8 ?ird trump4 ,if ,a has ! k+ ( diamonds1 ,b w9s a trick by disc>d+ ! ace2 &1 if ,a has n ! k+1 ,b loses no?+ by ?r[+ ! ace4 ,an exception to ?is rule is :5 ,a has w9n+ c>ds to g on )4 ,?us1 if ,a _h ano!r club1 ,b ne$ n disc>d ! ace ( diamonds4 ,?is is too obvi\s to require work+ out4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! foll[+ is ano!r aspect "u :i* ! gr& c\p may pres5t itself3-- ,illu/ration3 ,y #g1 #i1 #f1 #e ,b #h1 ,kg1 ,qn1 ,knv ,z ,qn1 #e1 #d1 ,qn ,a ,knv1 #aj1 #h1 #g ,he>ts trumps4 ,x is kn[n t ,b has k+1 que51 knave ( trumps1 & a los+ spade or club--b unc]ta9 :i*4 ,a leads ! knave ( diamonds4 ,b trumps x4 ,z %\ld ?r[ away a small trump1 und]trump+ ,b 9 ord] to keep two w9n+ que5s4 ,if he disc>ds a que51 he mu/ d s at r&om1 & p]haps ?r[ away ! suit ( :i* ,b has ! small "o4 ,by disc>d+ 8 useless trump 7:i* ,b w\ld proce$ to draw7 he def]s p>t+ ) ei!r que5 till aft] ! next r\nd1 :5 ! fall ( ! c>ds may assi/ him4 ,b n[ leads a trump1 & ,y disc>ds ! los+ club4 ,b !n leads ano!r trump1 & ,z n[ kn[s t he ought to keep ! spade4 ,?is case actually occurr$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ! writ]1 b ,z1 in/ead ( und]trump+1 disc>d$ ! wrong que5 at r&om1 & ev5tually lo/ ! rubb] 9 consequ5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,= fur!r illu/rations ( ! ,gr& ,c\p1 see ,h&s ,,xxxviii & ,,xxxix4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if ! =ego+ pr9ciples are reflectively p]us$1 x w be se5 t !y m\ld ! ,!ory ( ,:i/ into a h>moni\s :ole4 ,! ,!ory ( ,:i/ tells y h[ to play y\r own h& to ! greate/ advantage1 h[ to assi/ y\r p>tn]1 & h[ to weak5 & to ob/ruct y\r oppon5ts2 9 %ort1 x tea*es h[ to take ! be/ *ance ( mak+ ! greate/ numb] ( tricks4 ,?is k con/itutes a s\nd play]4 ,if to !oretical p]fection y add ! p[] ( accurate obs]vation1 & ( acute p]ception1 toge!r ) a ?or\gh compreh5sion ( ! :i/ capacities ( p>tn]s & ( oppon5ts1 y h all ! elem5ts necess>y to =m a ,ma/] ( ! ,sci5ce4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,h&s4 ,! foll[+ h&s are giv5 9 illu/ration ( ! g5]al pr9ciples discuss$ 9 ,"p ,i4 ,! plan adopt$ 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! h&s is to imitate closely ! circum/ances ( actual play4 ,?us1 at />t+1 "o play]'s h& is kn[n1 toge!r ) ! score & ! turn-up c>d4 ,ea* play] is !n caus$ to play a c>d 9 8 turn1 & at ! end ( ! trick1 ! "o play] ^: h& is kn[n makes obs]vations1 & draws inf]5ces f ! play1 z ?\gh he 7 at ! :i/ table4 ,a1 ,y1 ,b1 & ,z1 are ! f\r play]s ?r\gh\t4 ,!y are plac$ at ! table 9 ! above ord]1 ,a & ,b be+ p>tn]s aga9/ ,y & ,z4 ,a is ! fir/ lead]1 & ,z ! deal]4 ,9 ! play ! c>ds ( ea* trick are plac$ 9 ! ord] 9 :i* ! play]s sit r\nd ! table1 ! c>d play$ by ! p]son ^: h& is "u consid]ation be+ ! "o ne>e/ to ! read]4 ,! capital lett] by ea* c>d %[s to :i* play] x belongs4 ,all ! play]s are suppos$ to foll[ ! ord9>y rules ( play1 z laid d[n 9 ,"p ,i4 ,?us1 ea* play] is cr$it$ ) lead+ orig9ally f 8 /ronge/ suit1 & ) lead+ ! c>d ( x indicat$ 9 ! ,analysis ( ,leads 7pp4 #fd-ga72 ) play+ ! l[e/ ( a sequ5ce :5 n lead+2 ) return+ ! highe/ ( a num]ically weak suit1 ! l[e/ ( a /rong suit1 & s on4 ,x has be5 rem>k$ by critics1 t ! play]s are (t5 made to play badly4 ,mo/ ( ! h&s are tak5 f actual play2 b1 indep5d5tly ( ?is1 illu/rations ( indiff]5t play1 ) comm5ts1 are obvi\sly ( value1 z %[+ ! k9d ( errors t are likely to be made1 & h[ & :y to avoid !m4 ,illu/ration ,,h& ,i4 ,trump lead f f\r trumps on e/abli%m5t ( suit4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 #aj1 #e1 #c ,a ,a1 #g1 #f1 #c ,kg1 ,knv1 #i1 #b ,score3 ,love-all4 ,two ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d ,qn ,a #b ,,rem>k4--,a leads f 8 /ronge/ suit 7see p4 #ef74 ,hav+ no sequ5ce1 he leads ! l[e/ c>d ( ! suit 7see p4 #fj74 ,! fall ( ! que5 & ace 9 ?is r\nd1 leaves ,a ) ! w9n+ diamonds & a small "o4 ,8 suit is virtually e/abli%$ 7see p4 #eg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn #d #e #c ,,rem>k4--,a plays 8 l[e/ c>d second h& 7see p4 #hb74 ,b all[+ ! que5 to w91 may be presum$ n to h ! k+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g ,qn #c ,a ,,rem>k4--,x is unlucky t ,a is oblig$ to w9 8 p>tn]'s que54 ,! k+ ( he>ts is mo/ probably 9 ,b's h&1 z x is n likely t ,b has only "o he>t1 & ) que5 & small ones ,b w\ld pass4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d ,kg #b #c ,,rem>k4--,?is is an in/ructive trump lead4 ,a1 at ! fir/ />t1 ) b f\r trumps1 & only "o he>t1 w\ld n h be5 ju/ifi$ 9 lead+ a trump4 ,b1 8 /rong suit be+ e/abli%$1 & 8 p>tn] hav+ 7probably7 ! be/ he>t1 8 game is n[ to lead trumps4 ,consid] c>efully ! ,managem5t ( ,trumps 7pp4 #aai-bc71 & apply ! argum5ts !re made use ( to ! pres5t situation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,a #g #h #aj ,,rem>k 7,trick #e74--;,a f9esses ! t5 7see pp4 #ic-id74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h ,kg #aj #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #c #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f #e #c ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #c #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f #g #i ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #d #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #h ,knv ,kg ,,rem>ks4--,at ,trick #i1 ,a =ces ! be/ trump1 & rema9s ) ! ?irte5? to br+ 9 ! diamond4 ,if ,z refuses ! =ce1 ,a 7,trick #aj7 leads n9e ( diamonds & 7,trick #aa7 ! los+ trump4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #d #aj4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #b #i #b #g ,at ,trick #aj1 if ,a plays ace ( clubs he w be left ) a los+ club4 ,by pass+1 he gives ,b a *ance ( w9n+ ! trick1 & _c lose ev5 if ,y has k+ ( clubs4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ,z's be/ lead1 at ,trick #aj1 is k+ ( clubs1 on ! *ance ( cat*+ ace & knave2 b ,z's play is n "u exam9ation4 99 99 99 99 99 ,tricks #aa to #ac4--,:atev] ,b leads1 ,a makes ! rema9+ tricks1 & ,,ab w9 ?ree by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,ace1 #f1 #d ,kg1 #g ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #b ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #g1 #d1 #b ,kg1 ,qn1 #f1 #e #aj1 #c ,qn ,knv1 #i1 #d ,kg1 #aj1 #h1 #e1 #b #aj1 #f1 #d ,qn1 #h1 #g1 #e ,ace1 #c ,,h& ,,ii4 ,trump lead f f\r mod]ate trumps4 ,illu/ration3 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,knv1 #aj1 #g1 #e ,kg1 #f ,a1 #h1 #f ,a1 #aj1 #i1 #b ,score3 ,love-all4 ,two ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d ,kg #g #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,knv #e #h ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #b ,kg ,a #e ,,rem>k 7,trick #c74--;,b has f\r trumps1 & def5ce 9 he>ts & clubs1 8 p>tn]'s suit is e/abli%$1 & no adv]se /r5g? 9 trumps has be5 exhibit$4 ,b !re=e leads trumps4 7,consid] c>efully ! argum5ts at pp4 #abb1 #abc1 respect+ leads f f\r trumps1 & apply !m to ?is case47 ,to judge :5 to lead f f\r mod]ate trumps is an important po9t 9 ! game1 :i* h&s su* z ?is are giv5 to illu/rate & expla94 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #a #d4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #i #e ,kg ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #f #h ,qn #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #aj #g ,qn #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #i ,knv #b #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #e #h4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,a #b #g #f ,,tricks #i to #ac4--,z leads knave ( he>ts :i* ,b w9s4 ,b draws ! two trumps 7if he rememb]s d[n to ! sev57 & br+s 9 ! diamonds1 & ,,ab w9 two by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,b's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #h ,ace1 ,qn1 #d1 #c #i1 #f1 #b #e1 #c1 #b #aj1 #g ,ace1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #d ,knv1 #g1 #e ,kg1 ,qn1 #d1 #c1 #b #aj1 #i ,kg1 ,qn1 #f1 #e1 #c #h1 #g ,knv1 #d ,at ,trick #b1 ,a leads 8 orig9al f\r?-be/ diamond 7see ,app5dix ,a74 ,9 ?is h& x is immat]ial :e!r ,a makes ! ,am]ican lead or n4 ,,h& ,,iii4 ,a simple elem5t>y h&1 save 9 "o po9t :i* dem&s /rict att5tion to ! rule respect+ return$ leads 7see pp4 #gi-ha74 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #b ,qn1 #f ,a1 #i1 #h1 #c #i1 #c ,score3 ,,ab1 #b2 ,,yz1 ,love4 ,knave ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #e #d #c ,a ,,rem>k4--,a leads f 8 /ronge/ suit 7see p4 #ff74 ,hold+ ace1 que51 knave1 t51 he leads out ace & t5 7see ,analysis ( ,leads1 p4 #ff74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #a #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f #h ,kg #aj ,,rem>k4--,a cont9ues 8 suit 7see p4 #gd74 ,z ! c>ds happ5 to lie ,a w\ld h be5 able to make a successful f9esse aga9/ ! k+ ( spades4 ,b ,a1 n hav+ se5 ,z's h&1 c only play on g5]al pr9ciples4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #b #f #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,a #e #d #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d #c ,knv ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f ,qn #d #c ,,rem>k 7,trick #f74--;,a has n[ ! comm& ( 8 suit1 & f\r trumps4 ,! adv]s>ies h n %[n any p>ticul> /r5g? 9 trumps1 ei!r by lead+ !m or by call+ = !m1 ?\gh !y h _h ! opportunity ( do+ bo?1 & ,a !re=e assumes t ! trumps are pretty ev5ly divid$1 & leads a trump 7see pp4 #abb1 #abc74 ,a is n det]r$ f op5+ ! trump suit because an hon\r 0 turn$ up 7see p4 #abb74 99 99 99 99 99 ,b's w9n+ ! trick ) ! que5 %[s t ,z has n got ! k+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #c #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #g #e ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #g74--;,b returns 8 p>tn]'s lead ( trumps 7see p4 #abe74 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is is ! important trick ( ! h&4 ,note ! c>d return$ by ,b1 ! sev51 & if 9 d\bt z to ! fall ( ! trumps1 look at ! previ\s trick 7see ,law #ia1 p4 #ah74 ,9 t trick1 ! small clubs t fall are ! ?ree1 six1 & f\r1 & 9 ! pres5t "o1 ! sev51 five1 & t54 ,nobody hav+ play$ ! two1 ,a may place x by inf]5ce 9 ,b's h&1 = ! adv]s>ies n w9n+ ! trick may be suppos$ to play _! l[e/ c>ds4 ,assum+ ,b to hold ! two1 x may be inf]r$ t he has t c>d & no o!r left 9 ! suit4 ,= he returns ! sev51 a high] c>d ?an ! two2 & ! rule is to return ! high] ( two rema9+ c>ds1 ! l[e/ if hold+ m ?an two 7see p4 #hj4 ,consid] c>efully ! example giv5 !re1 & apply x to ! pres5t situation74 ,! k+ & knave are !re=e 9 ! oppon5ts' h&s1 & divid$4 ,z has ! knave 7:i* he turn$ up71 & he has n ! k+1 z he c\ld n w9 ! que5 9 ! previ\s trick4 ,y mu/ consequ5tly hold x4 ,x may be object$ t ?is tra9 ( reason+ is too close & elaborate to s]ve ! purpose ( inexp]i5c$ play]s4 ,x is1 p]haps1 a little difficult = an elem5t>y h&2 b ! c>eful obs]vance ( ! rule ( play respect+ return$ leads is s important1 t x has be5 deem$ advisable to insi/ /rongly ^u x4 ,( c\rse1 :5 play+ ) ^? :o d n att5d to ! conv]sation ( ! game1 all pa9s be/[$ on work+ out ! position ( ! c>ds f su* data z ! prec$+ is s mu* tr\ble ?r[n away4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #d #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #b ,knv #h ,assum+1 !n1 t ,a's p>tn] c be dep5d$ on to play accord+ to rule1 x is morally c]ta9 t ! trumps are ev5ly divid$1 & t a ?ird r\nd w leave ,a ) a long trump to br+ 9 8 spades4 ,accord+ly1 ,a leads ! eight ( clubs 7see ,trick #h1 above74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #d #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg ,a #i #f ,,tricks #aj to #ac4--;,b 7,trick #aj7 leads a small diamond1 ?\gh1 z ! c>ds happ5 to lie1 8 lead is immat]ial4 ,a trumps ! diamond1 & br+s 9 ! spades2 & ,,ab w9 ?ree by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 #i1 #f1 #e #h1 #d ,kg1 #g1 #c ,kg1 #aj1 #h1 #d1 #b ,ace1 #g1 #e1 #c ,knv1 #i ,kg1 #aj1 #f ,qn1 #g1 #b ,knv1 #e1 #d ,ace1 ,kg ,knv1 #h1 #e1 #b ,qn1 #aj1 #g1 #f1 #d ,,h& ,,iv4 ,an in/ructive h&1 illu/rative ( play+ to ! score4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #i1 #e1 #d ,a1 ,knv1 #d ,kg1 #f1 #b ,qn1 ,knv1 #d ,score3 ,love-all4 ,que5 ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,knv #g #c #d ,,rem>k4--,a leads f 8 /ronge/ suit 7see p4 #ef74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #a #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #e #b ,kg ,a ,,rem>k4--,x may be inf]r$ t he>ts are ,y's /ronge/ suit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f #b ,a ,qn ,,rem>k 7,trick #c74--;,a hav+ f\nd 8 p>tn] weak 9 spades 7see ,trick #a71 does n cont9ue 8 suit 7see p4 #ge74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn #h #f #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #aj #c ,knv ,,rem>k4--,presum+ ! play]s are to be dep5d$ on = foll[+ ! elem5t>y rules ( ! game1 x is cle> f ! fall ( ! c>ds t ,y holds ! rema9+ he>t1 ! n9e4 ,b drops ! t51 s he ought n to h ! n9e1 ! rule be+ to play ! l[e/ c>d :5 n able to w9 ! trick4 ,z ought n to h ano!r he>t1 = he return$ ! six 7see ,trick #d71 & n[ plays ! ?ree4 ,hav+ return$ ! high] c>d he c hold no m 7see p4 #hj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #c #aj ,knv ,,rem>k4--,x is evid5t t ,z1 dropp+ ! t51 w trump ! next r\nd ( diamonds4 ,nev]!less1 ,a's game is to cont9ue ! diamond 7,trick #g71 to give ,z ! lead1 & to make ,b la/ play]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i ,kg #d #d ,,rem>k 7,trick #g74--,y1 dropp+ ! n9e ( diamonds1 may be tak5 to h no m1 z1 n be+ able to w9 ! trick1 he is assum$ to play 8 smalle/4 ,! rema9+ diamonds are !re=e ) ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #d #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #b #e ,a #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #e #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #c ,knv ,a #b ,,rem>k4--,z1 ) ace1 que51 second h& 7see 8 h& bel[71 foll[s ! usual rule 7see p4 #hf74 ,x is op5 to argum5t :e!r ,z %\ld dep>t f rule 9 ?is case4 ,b ,z's h& is n ! "o "u exam9ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #e #aj4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn #e #f ,kg ,,rem>k4--,! fall ( ! que5 ( spades f ,y %[s ,a t ! two rema9+ spades are 9 ,z's h&4 ,z's ?ird c>d is ! que5 ( clubs1 :i* he turn$ up4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aa4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #e #aa4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h #g ,qn ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #ab4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #g ,,yz1 #e #ab4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i #aj #h #i ,,rem>k 7,trick #ab74--;,a's lead "h is in/ructive4 ,he kn[s 8 p>tn] 7,b7 has "o diamond & no spade & no he>t 7see ,tricks #e1 #g1 & #aj74 ,b's o!r c>d mu/ !re=e be a club 7trump74 ,if x is ! be/ trump1 ,a w9s two by c>ds by lead+ a trump4 ,b if x is n ! w9n+ trump1 a trump lead loses ! odd trick4 ,x is bett] to make c]ta9 ( ! odd trick ?an to risk los+ x = ! *ance ( w9n+ two by c>ds2 = ! odd trick makes a diff]5ce ( two to ! score4 ,a !re=e prop]ly ensures ! odd trick by =c+ 8 p>tn] 7see p4 #acd74 ,suppose ! score to be ,,ab ?ree1 & ,,yz "o4 ,!n ,a w\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 lead+ ! trump at ,trick #ab4 ,=1 if ,b has ! t51 ,,ab w9 two by c>ds & ! game2 &1 if ,b has n ! t51 ,,ab lose ! odd trick2 ! score rema9+ ,,ab ?ree1 ,,yz two4 ,x is bett] to run ! risk ( ?is score = ! sake ( ! game1 ?an to make c]ta9 ( scor+ only f\r & ( leav+ ! adv]s>ies at "o4 ,,ab w9 ! odd trick4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 ,knv1 #b #g ,ace1 #aj1 #h1 #f1 #c ,qn1 #i1 #g1 #e #aj1 #h1 #b ,kg1 #f1 #c #i1 #h1 #c ,knv1 #aj1 #g1 #e ,ace1 ,qn1 #d #i1 #g1 #f ,kg1 #h1 #e1 #c1 #b ,ace1 #aj ,9 ! foll[+ h&s ! comm5ts w be few]1 x be+ assum$ t explanations ( ord9>y play are unnecess>y4 ,,h& ,v4 ,illu/rative ( ! advantage ( return+ ! highe/ ( a %ort suit4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,a1 #i1 #f1 #b #d1 #b ,kg1 #aj1 #g1 #d #h1 #f1 #d ,score3 ,love-all4 ,?ree ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f ,a #b #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h1 ,knv1 #e1 #g ,,rem>k 7,trick #b74--;,a's f9esse "h is ju/ifiable1 because he has /r5g? 9 trumps 7see p4 #id74 ,) only ?ree trumps1 ,a's bett] play w\ld be to secure ! trick at once4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #j #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i #c ,qn ,kg ,,rem>k4--,note ! advantage ( ! return ( ! /r5g!n+ c>d at ,trick #b1 9 accordance ) ,g5]al ,pr9ciple #e 7p4 #gi74 ,! comm& is left ) ! presumably /rong h&2 & ! que5 is completely hemm$ 94 ,x is true ! que5 might h be5 9 ,y's h&4 ,9 t case ! que5 mu/ make :atev] c>d is return$4 ,a simil> position occurs at ,trick #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #a #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d ,qn ,kg #b ,,rem>k4--,a did n lead ! trump at fir/2 b n[ he does s = ^! reasons3 he has ! long c>d ( 8 suit2 trumps are 8 /ronge/ suit 7p4 #aai72 & ! adv]s>ies h _h ! opportunity ( call+ = trumps 7see pp4 #abe1 #abf71 & h n made use ( x1 :i* is negative evid5ce t !re is no v great /r5g? ( trumps 9 "o h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #c #e ,kg #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #h ,a #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn ,knv #f #d ,,rem>k 7,trick #g74--;,a be+ /rong 9 trumps passes ! d\btful c>d 7see p4 #abi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #d #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,knv ,a #e #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #d #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #aj #c #f ,,tricks #aj to #ac4--;,b leads ! five ( spades1 :i* br+s d[n all ! out/&+ trumps4 ,a makes ! ?irte5? club & ! trump2 ! adv]s>y makes ! k+ ( diamonds 7see ! h&s bel[74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,ab w9 two by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 #h1 #g1 #d ,qn1 #aj1 #e ,kg1 ,knv1 #c ,qn1 #aj #g1 #c ,knv1 #h1 #e ,ace1 ,kg1 #i1 #f #i1 #h1 #f ,ace1 ,knv1 #c ,qn1 #e1 #b ,knv1 #aj1 #i ,ace1 ,qn1 #c1 #b ,kg1 #g1 #e ,,h& ,,vi4 ,play+ to ! score4 ,illu/ration3 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,a1 #h1 #f1 #e ,a1 ,kg1 ,qn1 #b ,qn1 ,knv #h1 #f1 #d ,score3 ,love-all4 ,two ( diamonds turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,a #d #b ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c #aj ,kg ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #f #i #c ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #e ,knv #d ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #g #b #h ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,kg #c #d ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #f74--,! lead "h is ! po9t 9 ! h&4 ,y has ?ree tricks up2 !re is a :ole suit 7clubs7 aga9/ him1 & 8 adv]s>y ,b has call$ = trumps 7see ,tricks #c & #d74 ,x is1 consequ5tly1 ,y's duty to make five tricks 7:i* save ! game if ,z has an hon\r7 z quickly z possible4 ,he !re=e leads ! ace ( spades to make ! f\r? trick1 & 7,trick #g7 =ces 8 p>tn] 7?\gh )\t any /r5g? ( trumps 9 8 own h&1 see pp4 #acb1 #acc7 to make ! fif?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #aj ,qn #aj #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #e #h4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #e ,knv ,qn #e ,,tricks #i to #ac4--;,a leads a trump 7! knave1 see 8 h& bel[71 9 ob$i5ce to ! call1 & ,,ab score two by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,y's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 #d ,kg ,knv1 #aj1 #i1 #g1 #c1 #b #aj1 #h1 #d1 #c #g1 #f1 #e ,knv1 #i ,kg1 #i1 #g1 #b ,ace1 #h1 #f1 #e1 #c #aj1 #d ,knv1 #e1 #c ,ace1 ,kg1 #aj1 #g ,qn1 #i1 #b 99 99 99 99 99 ,at ,trick #b1 ,b1 ) ! club suit well nigh e/abli%$ 7assum+ 8 p>tn] to h l$ f /r5g?71 & f\r trumps1 two hon\rs1 %\ld risk a trump lead4 ,he _c lose ! game2 & if 8 p>tn] has an av]age h&1 a trump lead w1 9 all probability1 give ,,ab a good score4 ,z a matt] ( fact x w\ld w9 ! game1 b t proves no?+4 ,,h& ,,vii4 ,! lead ( ! f\r?-be/ 7see ,app5dix ,a71 & c\nt+ ! h&s 7see pp4 #aaf-ag74 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 #aj ,ace1 ,qn1 #f1 #e1 #d #i1 #h ,knv1 #f1 #e1 #c ,score3 ,,ab1 love2 ,,yz1 f\r4 ,eight ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #d1 #e1 #i1 #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg1 ,a1 #g1 ,qn ,,rem>k 7,trick #b74--,z's bett] play w\ld be to op5 ! he>t suit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #c #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,knv #g #h ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #d #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #g ,a #d #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #d #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #h #aj ,kg #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg #c ,qn #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,a #d #b #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #e #h4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,knv #f #f #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #f #i4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b #b #c #e ,,rem>k4--,x is n[ cle> t ,y l$ f five he>ts orig9ally 7see 8 lead1 ,trick #c1 & p4 #aaf74 ,consequ5tly1 ,,yz h all ! rema9+ he>ts betwe5 !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #g #aj4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #i #g #b #f ,,rem>k4--,z c c\nt 8 p>tn]'s h&1 viz41 ?ree m he>ts 7see ,rem>k1 ,trick #i7 & "o o!r c>d1 ei!r ! deuce ( diamonds 7see ! fall ( ! diamonds1 ,tricks #d & #e71 or a trump4 ,if ,y has ! diamond1 x matt]s n :at ,z leads1 z ,b mu/ !n hold f\r trumps4 ,z !re=e assumes t 8 p>tn] has ano!r trump1 & plays to =ce him4 ,b if ,z c\ld n tell t ,y has ?ree he>ts1 or r c\ld tell t he has only two1 ,z's prop] lead at ,trick #aj w\ld be ! ace ( he>ts4 ,= !n ,b mu/ h a he>t1 & if ,z leads a los+ diamond1 ,b disc>ds 8 he>t on x1 & w9s ! game4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 ,knv1 #h1 #d1 #c1 #b ,ace1 #e #i1 #g1 #f ,knv ,kg1 #aj1 #i1 #g1 #b #h1 #c ,ace1 ,kg #g1 #f1 #d1 #c ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #e1 #b ,qn1 #i1 #h1 #g ,ace1 #aj ,kg1 #d1 #b ,at ,trick #f1 ,b %\ld play to =ce 8 p>tn] 9 he>ts in/ead ( lead+ trumps4 ,,h& ,,viii4 ,play+ to ! score & to ! fall ( ! c>ds4 ,game won 9 spite ( p>tn]'s bad play4 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 #aj1 #i #h1 #d1 #c ,kg1 ,qn1 #h1 #b ,a1 ,knv1 #h1 #e ,score3 ,,ab1 "o2 ,,yz1 ?ree4 ,eight ( he>ts turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #f ,a #d #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #a #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,knv #e #i #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,qn #b ,kg #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,qn #f #aj #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #c #h ,,rem>k4--,draw+ two = "o4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,knv ,kg #h #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #f #d #g ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #d #h4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b #h ,a #b ,,rem>k4--,y mu/ h knave4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #e #i4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,qn #b #d ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #i74--,z manages to w9 ! game1 9 spite ( 8 p>tn]1 by putt+ on ace second h& & lead+ a club4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #f #aj4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #c #c #i ,kg ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--,z 7,trick #aa7 leads a club2 ,y makes two m tricks 9 clubs1 & ,,yz w9 two by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 ,knv1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #c1 #b ,ace ,kg1 #h1 #d ,ace1 ,qn1 ,knv ,kg1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #b #aj1 #i #f ,knv1 #aj1 #e1 #d1 #c ,ace1 #i1 #g ,kg1 ,qn #g1 #b #aj1 #i1 #f1 #d1 #c ,at ,trick #c1 ,y plays badly to trump ! d\btful spade 7see p4 #abi74 ,at same trick1 ,b plays well to get rid ( ! comm& ( 8 p>tn]'s suit 7see p4 #if71 z ,a1 f ! lead1 mu/ h knave ( spades1 & ,z1 f ! previ\s fall ( ! c>ds1 mu/ h ! t5 s+le4 ,at ,trick #d1 ,y's cont9u+ ! trump is bad1 aft] ru9+ 8 num]ical /r5g?4 ,= he has no p>ticul> /r5g? out ( trumps 7see 8 h&71 & 8 p>tn] is evid5tly v weak 9 trumps4 ,z ! c>ds happ5 to lie1 if ,z does n put on ace ( diamonds second h& at ,trick #i1 ,a br+s 9 ! spades1 & ,,yz lose ! game in/ead ( w9n+ x4 ,,h& ,,ix4 ,c\nt+ ! c>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #h1 #g ,a1 #g #i1 #g1 #d1 #c #g1 #f ,score3 ,love-all4 ,five ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #c #b #e ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #a #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #i #aj ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #e ,knv #b #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #a #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d ,a ,knv #f ,,rem>k4--,b has l$ f a suit ( at lea/ five diamonds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #e #c ,kg #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #aj ,a #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d ,qn #b #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #d #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i ,qn #e ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #h74--,well play$ by ,a4 ,he c c\nt ,b's h&4 ,! t5 ( diamonds is m>k$ 9 ,y's h&1 s ,b has two diamonds & ?ree he>ts4 ,!re=e ,b mu/ h _h f\r he>ts orig9ally1 & z x is n ! game to put on knave1 second h&1 ) f\r1 hold+ less ?an ?ree hon\rs 7see ,trick #c & ,analysis ( ,play ( ,second ,h&1 p4 #he71 ,b mu/ hold bo? k+ & que5 ( he>ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #i to #ac4--;,b leads k+1 que5 ( he>ts1 to :i* ,a disc>ds clubs4 ,a makes 8 ?ree trumps1 & ,,ab score ?ree by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #f1 #d1 #c #i1 #b #aj1 #e #aj1 #i1 #f1 #e ,kg1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #d #h1 #c1 #b ,kg ,qn1 #aj ,ace1 ,knv1 #h1 #f1 #e1 #b #aj1 #i1 #e1 #d ,ace1 ,qn1 #h1 #c1 #b ,kg1 ,knv ,at ,trick #g1 ,z does n lead 8 orig9al f\r?-be/1 z great /r5g? 9 trumps is decl>$ aga9/ him4 7,see ,app5dix ,a47 ,at ,trick #h1 ,y's play is difficult4 ,he might h notic$ t 8 be/ *ance ( w9n+ ! game is = ,a to hold only w9n+ he>ts & a los+ club2 & ?is be+ s1 ,y %\ld n lead a diamond4 ,illu/ration ,,h& ,x4 ,c\nt+ ! h&s4 ,simple in/ance ( dep>ture f rule4 ,illu/ration3 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,a1 #i1 #g1 #d ,qn1 #f1 #e1 #c ,a1 #c ,kg1 #i1 #e ,score3 ,love-all4 ,six ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #d ,qn #aj #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c #e #b ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #h #aj ,kg #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #g #f ,knv ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,qn #f #b #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #h #i ,kg #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #h ,a #d #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c ,a #d #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #g #i4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #g ,knv #b #i ,,rem>k 7,trick #i74--,! lead ( ace1 foll[$ by knave1 indicates a five c>d suit1 head$ by ace1 que51 knave1 & a desire t p>tn]1 if he holds ! k+1 %\ld put x on second r\nd 7see p4 #aja74 ,b 9 ?is case ,y c c\nt ! h&s1 & !re=e dep>ts f rule1 & does n put on ! k+4 ,z has a trump1 & ?ree diamonds1 ! t5 gu>d$ be+ 9 ,b's h&4 ,if ,y foll[s rule & puts on k+ ( diamonds1 he loses a trick 9 diamonds2 by pass+ ! knave1 he ensures five by c>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #h #aj4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #h #b #g ,kg 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--,:atev] ,y leads1 ,z makes ! rema9+ tricks1 & ,,yz w9 five by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,y's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #b ,qn1 #h1 #c ,knv1 #aj1 #f1 #e ,knv1 #i1 #g1 #d1 #b ,kg1 #aj1 #h ,ace ,kg1 ,knv1 #aj1 #e1 #b #h1 #g1 #d ,qn1 #i1 #f #d #aj1 #h1 #g1 #c ,ace1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #f1 #b ,at ,trick #b ,z's trump lead is r =w>d1 b ju/ifiable ) 8 h& at ! score ( love-all1 especially z ,y mu/ hold ! ace ( clubs4 ,,h& ,,xi4 ,disc>d+1 & play+ to ! score4 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,qn1 #g1 #f ,qn1 #i1 #f ,qn1 #h1 #d1 #b #g1 #c ,score3 ,love-all4 ,six ( he>ts turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg #f #b #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,a #e ,knv #g ,,rem>k4--,y has call$ = trumps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #d #h #d #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg ,a #g ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b ,knv #aj #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #aj ,qn #c #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #c #i #g #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #h #c #b #g ,,tricks #i to #ac4--,y 7,trick #i7 leads a spade4 ,he is direct$ to ! spade suit by ,z's orig9al disc>d ( a club at ,trick #f 7see p4 #ajd71 not)/&+ t ,z has s9ce disc>d$ two spades4 ,z plays prop]ly to keep 8 que5 ( clubs gu>d$ aft] 8 fir/ disc>d1 z he only wants at mo/ two tricks besides ! two trumps :i* he kn[s to be 9 ,y's h&4 ,y1 at ,trick #h1 leads a he>t to %[ he has all ! o!r he>ts1 z x is possible t ! be/ he>t may be held up by ! adv]s>y4 ,y ?us tells ,z n to f9esse if he has "o trick c]ta9 7see score74 ,z puts on ! ace ( spades1 at ,trick #i1 z t c>d & ! two trumps 9 ,y's h& make ! game4 ,if ,z f9esses he only scores f\r1 z w be se5 by ref]r+ to ! h&s bel[4 ,z's play w\ld n be "r if he _h only five tricks up1 z he w\ld !n want "o m trick to w9 ! game4 ,9 t case he %\ld f9esse4 ,?is is a good illu/ration ( play+ to ! score4 ,,yz score ?ree by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #i1 #h1 #c #e ,knv1 #aj1 #d1 #b ,kg1 #b ,ace1 ,knv1 #h1 #e1 #c #aj1 #g1 #d ,kg1 #i1 #e ,knv1 #f ,ace1 #aj1 #g1 #c ,ace1 ,kg1 #aj1 #d ,qn1 #i1 #h1 #f1 #e ,knv1 #b ,at ,trick #c1 ,a is ju/ifi$ 9 risk+ a =ce on 8 p>tn]1 ?\gh weak 9 trumps himself4 ,/r5g? 9 trumps has be5 adv]sely decl>$ by ! call 7see pp4 #acb1 #acc71 & !re is no?+ to %[ t ,b has n ! que5 ( diamonds4 ,at ,trick #d1 x is d\btful :e!r ,a %\ld cov] ! /r5g!n+ c>d l$ 7see p4 #hh74 ,,h& ,,xii4 ,disc>d+4 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 #i1 #g ,kg1 #aj1 #f1 #e ,qn1 #f1 #e #aj1 #d1 #b ,score3 ,,ab1 love2 ,,yz1 f\r4 ,two ( diamonds turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,qn #f #c #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,a #h #g #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #j #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg #i #g #aj ,,rem>k 7,trick #c74--,! knave ( diamonds1 & !re=e ! comm& ( trumps1 is m>k$ 9 ,y's h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #j #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg #d #c #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #j #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,a #f #e #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #a #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b #b ,knv ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #b #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg ,a #h ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #c #h4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #e ,knv #c #e ,,rem>k 7,trick #g74--,z prop]ly concludes1 z 8 p>tn] has comm& ( trumps 7see ,rem>k1 ,trick #c71 t 8 disc>d 7,trick #f7 0 f 8 weake/ suit1 not)/&+ ! adv]se trump lead1 & !re=e ,z leads clubs4 ,if ,z mi/akes ! "* ( 8 p>tn]'s disc>d1 & leads a he>t1 he loses ! game 7see pp4 #aje-f1 & apply ! rules ( play !re /at$ to ! pres5t situation74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #i to #ac4--,y br+s 9 ! clubs 7see 8 h& bel[71 & ,,yz w9 ! odd trick4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,ace1 ,kg1 #aj1 #b #f1 #d ,knv1 #h1 #e1 #c ,ace1 #i1 #g #d1 #b ,qn1 ,knv1 #h1 #c ,k+1 #c ,ace1 ,knv1 #aj1 #d1 #b #i1 #h1 #g ,ace1 ,kg1 ,qn1 #e ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #f #g1 #c ,at ,trick #g1 ,a is "r to cov] ! que5 ( clubs 7see p4 #hh74 ,illu/ration ,,h& ,,xiii4 ,gett+ rid ( ! comm& ( p>tn]'s suit 7see p4 #ig74 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #aj1 #e ,a1 #f1 #e #i1 #h1 #c #aj1 #i1 #h1 #b ,score3 ,love-all4 ,five ( he>ts turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,qn ,kg ,a #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,qn #d #b #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #h #i #c #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #d ,a #c #h ,,rem>k4--,see p4 #ig4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #g ,knv ,kg #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #aj #aj #g #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #c #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b ,qn #g #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #c #h4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #i #f ,a #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #d #i4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,knv #g #b ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #e #aj4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #d ,knv ,kg ,a ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--,z 7,trick #aa7 leads deuce ( diamonds4 ,y makes two tricks 9 diamonds 7note ! advantage to ,,yz ( ,z's hav+ got rid ( ! comm&74 ,,yz w9 ! odd trick4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,knv1 #i #h1 #g1 #f ,ace1 ,qn1 #d1 #c1 #b ,qn1 #h ,knv1 #aj1 #i1 #d ,kg1 #g1 #c1 #b ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #b ,kg ,ace1 #g #g1 #d ,ace1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #f1 #e ,kg1 #c ,at ,trick #b1 ,z plays ! turn-up c>d 7see p4 #aad74 ,at ,trick #c1 ,b passes ! n9e ( trumps4 ,if ! t5ace is aga9/ him cov]+ does no good2 & !re is a reasonable *ance t ! ace w fall4 ,at ,trick #f1 ,b1 hav+ f\nd ,a weak 9 trumps1 & ! :ole diamond suit be+ decl>$ aga9/ him1 alt]s 8 tactics1 & does n cont9ue trumps4 ,at ,trick #g1 ,y plays prop]ly 9 attempt+ to =ce ! /rong trump h&1 keep+ knave ( he>ts ) :i* to trump clubs4 ,if ,b refuses ! fir/ =ce he w9s two or ?ree by c>ds1 z ! c>ds happ5 to lie4 ,b he _c place ! diamonds1 & probably 8 be/ play is to trump4 ,,h& ,,xiv4 ,f9ess+4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 #g1 #f1 #b ,kg1 ,knv1 #i1 #g1 #f1 #d ,knv #aj1 #g1 #f ,score3 ,f\r-all4 ,t5 ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #e ,a #b #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #a #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #b #f ,qn ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,knv ,a #c #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d #e #aj #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn #i #e #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c1 ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #i #h #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,a #c ,kg #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #d #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d #g #aj #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #e #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn #aj #c ,knv ,,rem>k 7,trick #i74--;,a's f9esse is unlucky4 ,he has no indication z to ! position ( ! que54 ,! f9esse mu/ n be judg$ by ! result4 ,x is g5]ally "r aga9/ "o c>d if ! success ( ! f9esse w9s ! game4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #aj to #ac4--,,yz make two tricks 9 diamonds 7see _! h&s bel[72 & ,,yz w9 ! odd trick4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #d ,ace1 #i #aj1 #h1 #e1 #c ,qn1 #e ,ace1 #aj #h1 #c1 #b ,ace1 #d1 #b #i1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #c ,kg1 ,qn1 #aj ,kg1 ,knv1 #h1 #e ,qn1 #i1 #c ,ace1 #d1 #b ,at ,trick #f1 ,y's lead is n well judg$4 ,he kn[s 8 p>tn] to hold k+ ( clubs s+le1 & 8 object %\ld be to prev5t ! two trumps f be+ drawn toge!r4 ,y's be/ lead appe>s to be que5 ( he>ts2 & if x w9s1 a diamond4 ,,h& ,,xv4 ,c\nt+ ! h&s1 & refus+ a f9esse4 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,kg1 ,knv1 #b ,a1 ,kg1 #b #f1 #d #h1 #d1 #c1 #b ,score3 ,love-all4 ,k+ ( he>ts turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #e #f ,a #b ,,rem>k 7,trick #a74--;,a has n bo? k+ & que5 ( diamonds1 or he w\ld h l$ "o4 ,b has n ei!r k+ or que5 ( diamonds1 or he w\ld h play$ "o ( !m in/ead ( ! ace4 ,!re=e1 ,y mu/ h "o ( ^? c>ds4 ,z draws ?is inf]5ce at ! "t4 ,x w n be ( any use to him until ne> ! end ( ! h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #e #g ,a #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #h ,qn #c #f ,,rem>k4--,b has l$ f exactly five clubs 7see ,app5dix ,a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #d #e #c ,kg ,,rem>k4--,! ace w\ld be an e*o 7see p4 #abh74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #g #f #h ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #c #e #d ,kg ,,rem>k 7,trick #f74--,! policy ( ?is lead is d\btful4 ,play]s are apt to %[ _! suits 9 ?is mann]4 ,b x is cle>1 ! oppon5ts hav+ l$ diamonds & clubs1 t if ,z has /r5g? 9 any suit x is 9 spades4 ,! objections to %[+ a suit 9 ?is way are3 #a1 t x may be trump$ ! fir/ r\nd2 #b1 t p>tn] may h only "o c>d ( x4 ,9 ! latt] case he _c return ! lead1 & mu/ op5 or cont9ue ano!r suit to a disadvantage4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,knv ,qn #i #b ,,rem>k4--,y has ! long trump4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #i ,kg #b #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #g #i4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #h #i #f ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #i74--,z's play 9 n f9ess+ is v good4 ,he c c\nt ,y's h&1 ?us3 ,y has no m clubs 7see ,rem>k1 ,trick #c71 he has ! la/ trump1 & ?ree o!r c>ds4 ,^! c>ds mu/ ei!r be que51 t5 ( spades1 & a diamond1 9 :i* case ,z's play does n matt]2 or ! n9e return$ by ,y mu/ be 8 be/ spade1 9 :i* case he c only h "o m1 z he w\ld return ! high] ( two rema9+ c>ds 7see p4 #gi71 & 8 o!r c>ds mu/ !n be two diamonds4 ,!re=e1 assum+ ! case 9 :i* ,z's play does matt] 7i4e41 ( ,y's n9e be+ 8 be/ spade71 ,y's diamond mu/ be gu>d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #h #aj4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,knv ,qn #aj #h ,consequ5tly1 ,z1 by n f9ess+1 makes sure ( ! game4 ,he requires "o m trick besides ! ace ( spades & 8 p>tn]'s trump1 & ?is trick ,y is c]ta9 to make 9 diamonds if ,z leads ?r\gh ,a's h& 7see ,rem>k1 ,trick #a74 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #aj to #ac4--,z 7,trick #aj7 leads a diamond1 &1 h[ev] ,a plays1 ,,yz score ?ree by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 #h1 #c #i1 #e #aj1 #g1 #f1 #d ,knv1 #g1 #d ,qn1 #aj1 #f1 #e #i1 #h1 #c #i1 #h1 #e ,kg1 ,qn1 #g ,ace1 ,knv1 #aj1 #c1 #b ,kg1 ,knv1 #g1 #e ,qn1 #aj1 #i1 #f ,ace ,z ! c>ds happ5 to lie1 ,,yz only score f\r if ,z f9esses at ,trick #i1 & ,a plays prop]ly4 ,a1 on w9n+ ?is trick ) ! que5 ( spades1 %\ld see t 8 only *ance ( mak+ two m tricks is to be l$ up to 9 diamonds4 ,he %\ld !re=e 7,trick #aj7 lead ! sev5 ( diamonds1 :i* ,y is compell$ to take1 & ,,ab save ! game4 ,illu/ration ,,h& ,,xvi4 ,lead+ los+ c>d to place ! lead 7see pp4 #adg-aea74 ,illu/ration3 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,qn1 ,knv ,a1 ,kg1 #i1 #c ,knv1 #h1 #f1 #b ,knv1 #e ,score3 ,love-all4 ,t5 ( he>ts turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d1 ,kg1 #h1 #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #g ,a ,qn ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #j #c4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #b #aj #c ,knv ,,rem>k4--,y has ! k+ ( spades4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #j #d4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #g ,knv #e #c ,,rem>k4--,x is probable t ,a is weak 9 trumps1 z he refus$ to =ce 8 p>tn] 9 diamonds4 ,nev]!less1 ,b leads a trump1 z he is well provid$ 9 spades1 & has "s def5ce 9 ! club suit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #j #e4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #h #d #f ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #j #f4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #aj #b #d ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #f74--,! que5 ( he>ts mu/ be 9 ,z's h&1 z ,a return$ ! f\r & n[ plays ! two1 & ,y r5\nces4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #a #g4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #c ,kg ,a #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #b #h4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #g #e ,qn #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #g ,,yz1 #b #i4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #aj #b #d ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #g ,,yz1 #c #aj4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #f #c #i #h ,,rem>k 7,trick #aj74--;,b leads ! los+ club to ?r[ ! lead into ,y's h&4 ,y w !n be oblig$ to lead a spade1 z he has no o!r suit4 ,z w h to foll[ suit1 or w be =c$ ) ! que5 ( trumps1 & ,b w make ! ace ( spades & ! la/ trump4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--,y 7,trick #aa7 leads a spade1 ,b puts on ! que51 & ,,ab score ?ree by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,b's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 #aj1 #i1 #g ,kg1 #h1 #e1 #d1 #c #f1 #b ,knv1 #d1 #b #f1 #e ,qn1 #aj1 #h1 #g ,kg1 #e ,ace1 ,qn1 #i1 #d #aj1 #g1 #c ,ace1 ,kg1 #f1 #c1 #b ,qn1 #h #aj1 #i1 #g1 #d ,at ,trick #h1 ,y %\ld und]play 9 clubs4 ,,h& ,,xvii4 ,lead+ los+ c>d to place ! lead 7see pp4 #adg-aea74 ,illu/ration3 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,qn1 #aj1 #e #aj1 #c #i1 #e1 #b ,qn1 ,knv1 #f1 #b ,score3 ,,ab1 love2 ,,yz1 "o4 ,f\r ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c #b #g ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c ,kg #e #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #aj #d #g #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #f ,knv ,kg ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #d #e4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c ,kg #h #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #e #f4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #f ,a ,knv #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #f #g4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #d ,a #h #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #g #h4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #aj #g #i ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #g #i4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #d #d ,qn ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #h #aj4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #f #e #h #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aa4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #h #aa4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #g #h #i #e ,,rem>k 7,trick #aa74--,y leads ! los+ spade to put ! lead into ,a's h& 7see fall ( ! spades1 ,tricks #a1 #d1 & #aj71 & s compel ,a to lead he>ts up to ,z4 ,at ?is score 7,,yz1 "o7 ?is is ! be/ *ance ( f\r by c>ds4 ,if ! score 7 ,,yz1 love1 ,y %\ld lead a he>t1 z lead+ ! spade gives up all *ance ( five by c>ds4 ,,tricks #ab & #ac4--,z has ace1 que5 ( he>ts2 & ,,yz w9 f\r by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,y's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #i1 #h1 #g #f1 #d1 #c ,knv1 #b ,kg1 #b ,knv1 #i1 #g1 #f ,ace1 ,qn1 #h1 #e1 #d ,qn1 ,knv1 #h1 #g #aj1 #f1 #c ,ace1 ,kg1 #d #i1 #h1 #e #aj1 #d1 #c ,ace1 ,kg1 #g ,at ,trick #d1 ,b1 hav+ a weak h&1 plays 8 p>tn]'s game1 9 pref]5ce to plann+ an attack = himself by op5+ 8 own poor suit ( f\r to ! knave4 ,,h& ,,xviii4 ,und]play4 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,kg1 #aj1 #f ,knv1 #aj1 #e1 #d1 #c ,kg1 #g ,kg1 #f ,score3 ,love-all4 ,six ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #c #h #i #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #f ,a #g #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #c #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #d ,a #f #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #d #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b #aj #i ,kg ,,rem>k 7,trick #d74--,y has l$ f ace1 que51 knave1 t52 & ,b1 ! weak trump h&1 has no m clubs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #e #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b ,knv #d #f ,,rem>k 7,trick #e74--,z und]plays 9 trumps4 ,to cont9ue he>ts1 ) que51 k+ m>k$ aga9/ him 7see ,trick #b71 or to op5 diamonds1 w\ld be v disadvantage\s1 s a trump lead is =c$1 m especially z ,y has comm& ( clubs1 & ,b is ab\t to trump t suit4 ,! lead ( ace or k+ ( trumps w\ld leave ! lead ) ,z1 :o w\ld !n /ill be 9 a difficulty z to 8 next lead4 ,fur!r1 x is ( importance to endeav\r to place ! lead 9 ,y's h&1 t he may cont9ue clubs4 ,also1 if ! und]play succe$s1 x is n at all unlikely t ,,yz w w9 ! game4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #f #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #e ,qn #b #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #g #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #h ,knv #h #e ,,tricks #h to #ac4--,z makes ace1 k+ ( trumps1 & ,,yz w9 ! game4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 #g1 #e1 #c1 #b ,knv1 #h #i1 #d ,kg1 #f ,ace1 #b ,qn1 #i1 #h1 #g #h1 #e1 #d1 #b ,ace1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #c #i1 #f ,ace1 ,qn #aj1 #e1 #d1 #c ,knv1 #i #h1 #g1 #b ,at ,trick #e1 if ,a puts on que5 ( spades1 second h&1 he saves ! game4 ,may be1 a v %rewd play] w\ld h se5 ?r\gh ! position1 includ+ ! importance ( prev5t+ ,y f gett+ ! lead if possible2 b ,a c h>dly be blam$ = pass+1 z x is unlikely t bo? ace & k+ ( spades are 9 ,z's h&4 ,illu/ration ,,h& ,,xix4 ,und]play1 & play+ to ! score4 ,illu/ration3 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,knv1 #aj1 #g1 #c ,a1 ,kg1 #h1 #f1 #e ,a1 #c ,kg1 #b ,score3 ,love-all4 ,f\r ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #i ,qn #f #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c #d #f ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #f ,qn ,kg #c ,,rem>k 7,trick #c74--,y is ju/ifi$ 9 play+ a =w>d game4 ,he has f\r trumps 7see pp4 #abb1 #abc71 ace ( ! oppon5t's suit1 & a f9e he>t suit3 & 8 p>tn] has decl>$ /r5g? 9 diamonds by *oos+ t suit = 8 orig9al lead4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #b #d #e ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #h #b ,a #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #d #c #aj ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #f74--,y is ju/ifi$ 9 play+ a false c>d "h1 not)/&+ ,g5]al ,pr9ciple #ab 7p4 #ajh74 ,! he>t is a =c$ lead1 & ! c>d l$ 7! t57 is obvi\sly ,a's be/4 ,y's s*eme is to take ano!r r\nd ( trumps1 & !n to und]play 9 he>ts 7see p4 #aja72 s he puts on ! ace to deceive ,b z to ! position ( ! k+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #i #d #e ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #g #i #b #e ,,tricks #i to #ac4--,z leads ! k+ ( clubs1 to :i* ,y disc>ds ! two ( diamonds4 ,z !n leads ! knave ( he>ts1 on :i* ,y puts ! k+2 ! que5 falls 7see ! h&s bel[72 ,y br+s 9 ! he>ts2 & ,,yz w9 five by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,y's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,ace1 ,kg1 #e #i1 #h1 #f ,qn1 #d1 #b #aj1 #b ,qn1 #g1 #d ,knv1 #i1 #c ,knv1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #e #aj1 #i1 #b ,kg1 ,qn1 #d ,ace1 #h1 #f #aj1 #i1 #g1 #c ,qn1 ,knv1 #e1 #d ,a & ,b bo? play ! h& badly4 ,at ,trick #f1 ,a1 9 ! face ( an adv]se trump lead & ! comm& ( 8 suit 7clubs7 aga9/ him1 %\ld lead ! ace ( diamonds to make ! ?ird trick & save ! game4 ,at ,trick #h1 ,b %\ld put on 8 que5 ( he>ts4 ,he is fairly tak5 9 by ,y's d>k play at ,trick #f2 b he ought n to h all[$ himself to be s4 ,he %\ld h argu$ t ,y1 :o has be5 play+ a v /rong game1 w\ld n be likely to put on ace second h& m]ely = ! purpose ( gett+ ! lead or ( mak+ sure ( a trick4 ,fur!r1 if ,a's lead 0 a =c$ "o1 f weakness 7he>ts be+ ! only suit 9 :i* ,b c be /rong71 ,z is sure to f9esse if he has k+1 knave1 or ev5 k+1 n9e4 ,s ,b's be/ *ance ( mak+ ! que5 is to put x on 7see p4 #ajb74 ,,h& ,,xx4 ,def5sive trump lead1 & play+ to ! score4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 ,knv1 #e ,qn1 #h1 #b ,qn1 #aj1 #e1 #c ,qn1 #g1 #e ,score3 ,love-all4 ,n9e ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f ,kg #d #c ,,rem>k 7,trick #a74--;,a def5sive trump lead1 to avoid op5+ a ?ree c>d suit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g ,a #h #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #j #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h ,kg #f #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #a #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,knv #b #i #aj ,,rem>k 7,trick #d74--;,a's f9esse is unlucky4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 cle>ly ju/ifi$ 9 n p>t+ ) ! comm& ( trumps1 z1 ev5 if ! f9esse does n succe$1 he rema9s ) ! la/ trump1 w be l$ up to 9 "o ( 8 gu>d$ suits1 & w1 9 all probability1 br+ 9 8 p>tn]'s diamonds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d #c ,a #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i #f ,knv #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #g #e ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #d #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #aj #f ,qn ,,tricks #i to #ac4--;,a leads ! que5 ( diamonds1 & f9ds 8 p>tn] ) ! entire comm& ( diamonds 7see ,b's h& bel[74 ,,ab score ?ree by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 #h1 #g1 #d1 #c1 #b #aj ,ace1 ,qn1 #i1 #f ,kg1 #aj1 #i1 #d #g1 #f1 #c ,ace1 ,knv1 #e ,knv1 #g1 #f ,ace1 ,kg1 #b #i1 #h1 #d #h ,a1 ,kg1 ,knv1 #d1 #c1 #b #aj1 #i1 #f ,x may be obs]v$ t ,z loses ! game by bad play at ,trick #g4 ,! fall ( ! c>ds 9 ,tricks #e & #f %[s t ,a has ! que5 ( he>ts1 & ,y ! k+4 ,z %\ld !re=e1 at ,trick #g1 lead ! ace ( spades to make ! f\r? trick1 & !n ! he>t1 mak+ ! fif? trick & sav+ ! game4 ,at ,trick #h1 if ,y leads a spade & ,z does n f9esse1 ! game may be sav$4 ,to f9esse at t po9t w\ld be v bad play1 z ! ace ( spades makes ! fif? trick4 ,b ,y's play at ,trick #h1 ?\gh un=tunate1 is n wrong2 = ,y _c tell t ,z has ! ace ( spades2 inde$1 ! presumption is t he has n1 or he w\ld h l$ x4 ,y prop]ly plays to =ce ! long trump1 & to make 8 p>tn] f\r? play]4 ,,h& ,,xxi4 ,an ill-judg$ call = trumps1 & a well-judg$ ?ird r\nd1 not)/&+ ! adv]se /r5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #e1 #d ,a1 ,qn1 #aj1 #h #e1 #c1 #b ,qn1 #aj1 #f ,score3 ,f\r-all4 ,que5 ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #f #aj ,a #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #a #b4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,kg ,a #c #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d ,knv #b #c ,,rem>k4--,z has call$ = trumps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,knv #f ,a #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #h ,kg #g ,kg ,,rem>k4--,! fall ( ! spades 7see ,tricks #c1 #d1 & #e7 %[s t ! ?ree is 9 ,y's h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #i #h #c #e ,,rem>k4--,x is seldom "r to cont9ue trumps :5 l$ by ! oppon5ts2 b ?is is an exceptional case4 ,b plays well 9 draw+ two trumps = "o1 z x is evid5t t if ,y & ,z make _! trumps sep>ately !y mu/ w9 ! odd trick4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d #g #i #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #d #h4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #g #i #d #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #d #i4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #c ,qn #e #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #e #aj4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #aj #h ,knv ,qn ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--,:atev] ,z leads1 ,b makes ace1 que5 ( he>ts2 & ,,ab w9 ! odd trick4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,b's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 #f ,ace1 #g1 #c1 #b ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #i1 #h #i1 #f1 #b #g1 #e1 #d ,kg1 ,knv1 #c ,kg1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #i1 #h ,ace #g1 #f1 #d ,ace1 #h1 #g ,knv1 #i1 #e1 #c1 #b ,kg1 #d ,z's call = trumps is ill-judg$1 especially at ! score ( f\r-all4 ,! :ole club suit is decl>$ aga9/ him1 z ,y1 putt+ on ace1 second h&1 c h no m4 ,if ,z does n call1 he w9s ! game easily4 ,,h& ,,xxii4 ,return$ lead1 & refus+ a =ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,a1 #aj1 #i1 #d1 #b #aj1 #f1 #c #i ,a1 ,qn1 #h1 #g ,score3 ,,ab1 "o2 ,,yz1 love4 ,knave ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #c ,qn #f #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h #g ,knv ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #b74--;,b has ! five ( spades1 & ,y ! k+4 ,a1 !re=e1 does n cont9ue ! trump1 b leaves ! small spade 9 8 p>tn]'s h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #j #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #c ,kg #b #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #j #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f #aj #d ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #j #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i #b #e ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #j #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,knv #e #b #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #a #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,a #d #g #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #b #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #c #g #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #c #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn #e #h #c ,,rem>k 7,trick #i74--;,a kn[s ,b has two m clubs 7see ,tricks #g & #h1 & p4 #ajf74 ,a1 !re=e1 desires to leave ! lead ) ,y1 t he may g on ) ano!r club1 & s cle> ,b's suit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #g ,,yz1 #c #aj4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #f ,knv #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aa4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #h ,,yz1 #c #aa4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d ,a #i #f ,,rem>k 7,trick #aa74--;,a leads 8 smalle/ he>t1 z he does n want to tempt ,b to f9esse 7see p4 #adb74 ,b has ace1 que5 ( he>ts 7see 8 h& bel[71 b he does n f9esse1 z ! ace ( he>ts1 la/ club1 & ,a's trump make e trick4 ,,ab w9 f\r by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #h1 #c ,qn1 #g1 #e ,knv1 #f #h1 #e1 #d ,ace1 ,qn ,kg1 ,knv1 #i1 #g1 #b ,ace1 ,kg1 ,qn #aj1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b ,knv1 #h1 #g ,knv1 #i1 #f1 #c ,kg1 #aj #e1 #d1 #b ,y %\ld play que5 ( clubs at ,trick #g1 & ace ( clubs at ,trick #i1 :5 ,a w n h suffici5t mat]ials = 8 c\p1 z he w be unc]ta9 z to ! position ( ! be/ club4 ,y gives 8 adv]s>y too mu* in=mation by play+ book 7see p4 #aac74 ,:5 ! adv]s>ies h comm& ( trumps1 x is (t5 advisable1 t[>ds ! end ( a h&1 to play s z n to enable !m to c\nt ! c>ds4 ,,h& ,,xxiii4 ,refus+ to ov]trump4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 #aj1 #e1 #c1 #b ,kg1 #aj1 #b #c1 #b ,a1 #d1 #c1 #b ,score3 ,?ree-all4 ,five ( diamonds turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h ,knv #f #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #e #aj #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn ,a #d #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d ,kg #i #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g ,a ,qn #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h ,knv #e #c ,,rem>k 7,trick #f74-;,a does n ov]trump4 ,?is is ! sort ( c\p = :i* no rule c be laid d[n 9 a book1 z x dep5ds entirely on ! /ate ( ! game & ! previ\s fall ( ! c>ds4 ,a sees1 t 8 only *ance ( two by c>ds is = ! rema9+ trumps to be divid$1 & = him to be able to get two r\nds be=e he loses ! comm& ( he>ts4 ,if !n 8 p>tn] has ace1 que5 ( spades1 he may w9 ! game aga9/ two by hon\rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #c #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h #f #c #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #c #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h #f ,knv ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #d #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i #d ,qn #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #e #aj4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #f ,kg #d ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--,z leads a he>t :i* ,a w9s4 ,a leads a spade1 & f9ds 8 p>tn] ) ace1 que52 & ,,ab w9 two by c>ds 7:i* score be=e hon\rs74 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #i1 #h ,ace1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #g1 #f1 #d ,qn1 #i1 #h ,ace1 #f ,knv1 #g1 #e1 #d1 #c #aj1 #h1 #g1 #d ,ace1 ,kg1 ,knv1 #f1 #e ,qn1 #i #i1 #h1 #g ,kg1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #f1 #e ,,h& ,,xxiv4 ,refus+ to ov]trump4 ,illu/ration3 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #g1 #f ,a1 #i1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d #e1 #c ,qn1 #g ,score3 ,f\r-all4 ,five ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,a #b #i ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #aj #f ,a #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #j #c4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #b #c ,kg #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #a #d4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #d #d ,knv ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #h #c #b ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #b #f4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,kg ,qn ,knv #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #c #g4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,qn #e #g #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #c #h4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #h #e #aj #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #d #i4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #aj #aj #h #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #d #aj4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,knv #h #b #f ,,rem>k 7,trick #aj74--,y's play 9 n ov]trump+ is v good4 ,he c\nts ! h& ?us3 to save ! game ,z mu/ hold ace1 que51 or ace1 knave ( spades2 8 ?ird c>d is evid5tly ! rema9+ diamond4 ,a has ! n9e ( clubs 7see fall ( ! club suit 9 ,tricks #b1 #g1 & #i71 & two trumps4 ,b has two trumps1 "o be+ que5 or knave 7see ,trick #i71 & k+1 knave ( clubs4 ,if ! c>ds rema9+ 9 ea* h& are plac$ face upw>ds on ! table1 & ! unc]ta9 c>ds1 viz41 ! n9e1 f\r1 & ?ree ( trumps are giv5 two to ,a1 & "o to ,b1 x w be se5 t1 if ,y ov]trumps ) ! sev51 he _c make ! requisite ?ree tricks2 b t1 if he leaves ! lead ) ,a1 ,,yz make ! rema9+ tricks4 ,x may be add$1 t if1 at ,trick #aj1 ,a disc>ds 8 club1 & keeps 8 ?ree little trumps toge!r1 leav+ ! trick to ,b1 ,,ab mu/ w9 ! odd trick if ,b leads a trump at ,trick #aa aft] trump+4 ,?is ,a might h reckon$4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,y's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 #d1 #c1 #b ,qn1 #i1 #h ,ace1 ,knv1 #aj1 #e ,knv1 #b ,kg1 #aj1 #h ,qn1 #c ,ace1 #i1 #h1 #g ,kg1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #d1 #b #f ,kg1 ,knv1 #aj1 #i ,ace #h1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b ,,h& ,,xxv4 ,see ,refus+ to ov]trump1 pp4 #adf1 #adg4 ,illu/ration3 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 #b ,a1 #h1 #b #i1 #h1 #e1 #d ,kg1 #f1 #c1 #b ,score3 ,,ab1 ?ree2 ,,yz1 love4 ,sev5 ( he>ts turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,a #h #d ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #c #g ,knv #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #f #f ,a #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #c ,knv #e #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #aj ,kg #f #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #b #f4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #e #d #h ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #b #g4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #aj #i #b #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #c #h4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #g ,qn ,a #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #c #i4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,knv ,kg #c #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #d #aj4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,kg #i #aj #c ,,rem>k 7,trick #aj74--;,b c c\nt ,a's h&--viz41 a spade & two diamonds4 ,!re=e1 if ,b ov]trumps he _c possibly w9 two m tricks4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aa4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #e #aa4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d #i ,qn #f ,,tricks #ab & #ac4--,z leads a trump 7he has only trumps 9 h&71 & ,b makes ace & eight4 ,,ab w9 two by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,b's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #g #f1 #e1 #d ,ace1 #aj1 #c ,kg1 #i1 #f ,qn1 #aj1 #c ,knv1 #g1 #e1 #d #g ,ace1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #b ,kg1 #aj1 #f1 #c ,qn1 ,knv1 #i1 #d ,ace1 #aj1 #h #g1 #e ,! end play ( ?is h& is difficult4 ,at ,trick #i1 ,y leads ?ree ( he>ts 9 pref]5ce to ! que51 z he c c\nt an hon\r s+le 9 ,a's h&4 ,at ,trick #aj1 ,a's be/ lead is d\btful4 ,at ,trick #aj1 also1 probably ,y %\ld trump ) ! que5 7see p4 #adg72 b ev5 !n1 ,b mu/ place t5 ( he>ts 9 ,y's h&4 ,,h& ,,xxvi4 ,c\nt+ ! h&s1 & consequ5t dep>ture f rule4 ,illu/ration3 ,y',s ,,h&4 #d ,a1 ,kg1 ,qn1 #aj1 #b #h1 #g ,kg1 #aj1 #h1 #g1 #c ,score3 ,,ab1 ?ree2 ,,yz1 "o4 ,five ( diamonds turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,knv #e #f #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #b #b ,a #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,qn ,a #c #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c ,a ,kg #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #d #aj #d #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #g #f #b #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #e #i #g #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #e #h4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #i ,qn #e #aj ,,rem>k 7,trick #g74--,?is is /rong illu/ration ( a case = dep>t+ f rule4 ,y c c\nt two m trumps1 & ?ree m spades 9 ,a's h& 7see ,a's leads1 ,tricks #c & #f1 & p4 #aaf74 ,x is cle> t ,a c h at mo/ two he>ts2 consequ5tly1 if ,y leads 8 ti]ce major 9 he>ts1 he mu/ lose ! game1 z ! oppon5ts h two by hon\rs4 ,b1 if ,y c give 8 p>tn] ! lead1 & ,z has f\r m clubs1 or ! w9n+ club1 & ,a makes ! mi/ake ( trump+ x1 ,,yz may make e trick1 & w9 ! game4 ,y w\ld be "r to play z he does ev5 if ,a _h l$ f only f\r spades4 ,) a /rong trump h& decl>$ aga9/1 & a long weak suit1 x is d\btful :e!r ,a %\ld n h l$ ! deuce ( spades at ,trick #c 7see ,app5dix ,a72 b ! h& is giv5 z x 0 play$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #i to #ac4--,z cont9ues to lead clubs 7see 8 h& bel[71 & :e!r ,a passes or trumps1 ,,yz score f\r by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,y's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,knv1 #i1 #e1 #c1 #b ,kg1 ,qn1 #aj1 #h1 #g ,ace1 #f #h1 #g ,knv1 #f1 #e #i1 #d1 #c ,kg #i1 #d1 #c ,a1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #f1 #e1 #b ,ace1 ,qn1 #i1 #f1 #d ,knv1 #b #e ,illu/ration ,,h& ,,xxvii4 ,see ,lead+ f weake/ suit1 p4 #ada4 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,a1 #aj1 #g1 #f1 #d1 #c1 #b ,qn1 #f1 #c #e #h1 #e ,score3 ,,ab1 ?ree2 ,,yz1 f\r4 ,five ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #h #c ,a #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg #d ,knv #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b ,qn #c #c ,,rem>k4--,by ! fir/ disc>d ,z %[s 8 /rong suit to be spades4 ,9 an ord9>y h&1 ,z might aft]w>ds ?r[ a diamond4 ,b "h1 ,y mu/ be /rong 9 diamonds1 9 ord] to save ! game2 & x is important = ,z to keep ! p[] ( lead+ t suit m ?an once4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg ,knv ,qn ,a ,,rem>k4--,b cov]s ! hon\r1 because ! lead 0 f weakness4 ,b plays badly2 he %\ld h pass$ ! knave4 ,=1 ,a has %[n f\r m trumps1 & only "o o!r trick is requir$4 ,h5ce1 if ,a has ace or k+ ( spades1 ! game is won to a moral c]ta9ty2 if n1 no good is got by cov]+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #i #aj #d #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #f #h #i #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg ,a #g #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #d #h4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #g #e #f #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #e #i4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #d #b #h ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #e #aj4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #i #e ,knv #g ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--;,a1 ) ! lead1 rema9s ) ! la/ trump & k+1 knave ( diamonds4 ,he 7,trick #aa7 leads ! trump2 b1 :atev] he plays1 ,,yz w9 ! odd trick4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,kg ,knv1 #h1 #e ,qn1 #i ,kg1 #d ,ace1 #e1 #b ,knv1 #aj1 #i1 #h1 #g ,kg1 #aj1 #i1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #b ,qn1 #d1 #c ,ace1 ,knv ,kg1 ,knv1 #i ,ace1 ,qn1 #aj1 #b #g1 #f1 #d1 #c ,a plays well ?r\gh\t1 b he _c prev5t ! result4 ,8 lead ( ! trump at ,trick #c to %[ 8 /r5g?1 & to tell 8 p>tn] to make "o trick c]ta9 if he has ! *ance1 is unlucky1 z x puts ! adv]s>ies on ! only tack = sav+ ! game4 ,,h& ,,xxviii4 ,see ,treat+ long suits l %ort ones1 pp4 #adb1 #adc4 ,illu/ration3 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,qn1 #aj1 #b ,kg1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b ,kg1 #c ,qn1 ,knv ,score3 ,,ab1 "o2 ,,yz1 love4 ,n9e ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d #c #g ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d ,kg #e #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #j #c4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #f #g ,knv ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #j #d4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #h #c #b #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #j #e4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #i #e #f ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #a #f4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #f #b ,a ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #b #g4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d #g ,a #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #b #h4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,qn #h #i ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #c #i4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #i #g ,a ,kg ,,rem>k 7,trick #i74--;,des*apelles' ,c\p4 ,b c c\nt ,a's h&1 ?ree diamonds & two he>ts1 = ! t51 n9e ( clubs are cle>ly ) ,y 7see ,tricks #g & #h74 ,b !re=e leads ! k+ ( he>ts 7see p4 #adb74 ,if he makes ! usual lead ( a small he>t1 he w9s a trick less z ! c>ds happ5 to lie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #d #aj4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #f #e #aj #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aa4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #e #aa4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #h #i ,knv #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #ab4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #g ,,yz1 #e #ab4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #aj ,qn #h #d ,,trick #ac4--;,a makes ! k+ ( diamonds2 & ,,ab score two by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,if ,y1 at ,trick #d1 disc>ds a he>t1 he saves ! game4 ,nev]!less1 8 prop] disc>d is ! club 7see pp4 #ajd-e74 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,b's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #g1 #c ,knv1 #e #i1 #h1 #f1 #d ,qn1 #g ,ace1 #h1 #f ,knv1 #aj1 #i #h1 #g1 #e ,ace1 ,knv1 #aj1 #i1 #b ,qn1 #f1 #d ,kg1 #i1 #e1 #c1 #b ,ace1 #aj1 #g #h1 #f1 #d ,,h& ,,xxix4 ,see ,refus+ to w9 ! second r\nd ( a suit1 p4 #adc4 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #i1 #g1 #f1 #d ,a ,a1 #f ,knv1 #aj1 #i1 #f1 #c ,score3 ,,ab1 f\r2 ,,yz1 two4 ,f\r ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,knv #d #c ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b ,a #c #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #c #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #aj #h #e ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #c #h ,knv #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #d #i ,qn #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b #b #aj #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #e #d #g #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #e #h4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,kg ,a #e #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #e #i4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #f #h ,qn #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #f #aj4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #g #b ,qn ,a ,,tricks #aj to #ac4--,z br+s 9 ! diamonds2 & ,,yz w9 ?ree by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 #aj1 #b ,ace1 #h ,qn1 ,knv1 #e1 #c ,kg1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #f1 #e1 #b #i1 #h1 #d #aj1 #g1 #c ,kg1 #g1 #d1 #c #aj1 #i1 #h1 #b ,qn1 ,knv1 #e ,kg ,ace1 #h1 #d1 #b ,qn1 #g1 #e ,at ,trick #d1 ,a hav+ already %[n 8 suit does n disc>d f x1 z !re is /ill a possibility ( br++ x 9 7see pp4 #ajd-f71 & 8 k+ ( clubs is suffici5tly protect$ ev5 aft] ! disc>d4 ,if ,z p>ts ) ! la/ trump at ,trick #f1 & leads diamonds1 ,a1 on ! second r\nd ( diamonds1 w ungu>d 8 k+ ( clubs1 kn[+ 8 p>tn] to h a he>t to lead him 7see fall ( ! he>t suit1 ,tricks #a1 #d1 & #e71 w br+ 9 all ! he>ts1 & w9 ! odd trick4 ,,h& ,,xxx4 ,see ,refus+ to w9 ! second r\nd ( a suit1 pp4 #adc1 #add4 ,illu/ration3 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,qn1 ,knv #h1 #d ,a1 #g1 #b ,a1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #e1 #b ,score3 ,love-all4 ,t5 ( he>ts turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d #f #c ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #a #b4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #e #g #h ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #c #g ,qn #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #b #i ,kg #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #d #e4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,kg #d #f #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #e #f4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,a ,knv #b #b ,,rem>k 7,trick #f74--;,b has next to no *ance ( br++ 9 ! diamonds4 ,he !re=e plays to protect 8 %ort suits 7see pp4 #ajd-f74 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #f #g4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,knv #aj #e #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #c ,kg #h ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #g74--;,b refuses to w9 ?is trick4 ,! ?ree ( clubs is cle>ly 9 ,z's h& 7see fall ( ! club suit1 ,tricks #e & #g71 & ! two long trumps4 ,! rema9+ clubs are evid5tly 9 ,y's h&4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,b p>ts ) ! ace ( clubs :ile ,z has a club to lead1 ,,ab lose ! game1 unless ,a has ! k+ ( spades2 & if ,a has t c>d1 ,b loses no?+ by pass+ ?is trick1 z ,z1 hav+ only "o m club1 mu/ hold ?ree spades4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #g #i4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #f #i #aj ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #g #aj4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d #c #i ,knv ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--;,b 7,trick #aa7 leads ! la/ diamond1 & =ces ,z4 ,z 7,trick #ab7 has only spades to lead2 ,b makes ace1 que5 ( spades2 & ,,yz score two by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,b's h& is giv5 above74 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 #aj1 #h1 #g1 #c #i1 #e1 #b ,kg1 #f1 #d ,knv1 #i1 #g ,kg1 ,qn ,ace1 #aj1 #f1 #e1 #c1 #b #aj1 #d ,qn1 #i1 #h1 #f1 #e ,kg1 ,knv1 #c ,kg1 #i1 #g1 #f #aj1 #h1 #c #d ,,h& ,,xxxi4 ,see ,decl9+ to draw ! los+ trump1 pp4 #add1 #ade4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,qn1 ,knv1 #i1 #f1 #c ,qn1 #g1 #e ,a ,qn1 ,knv1 #i1 #h ,score3 ,,ab1 love2 ,,yz1 ?ree4 ,ace ( diamonds turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #aj ,a #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,a #f #aj #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #c #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d #b ,a #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #d #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #aj #e ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #d #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i #h #c ,qn ,,rem>k4--,x is evid5t t ,z's lead 0 f k+1 knave1 t51 c41 & t ,b has no m he>ts4 ,y return+ ! n9e1 & ! two n fall+1 mu/ h ! two s+le1 & ! o!r he>ts are ) ,z4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f #b #c #i ,,rem>k4--,! case n[ arises contemplat$ at p4 #ade4 ,a has ! be/ trump & ! lead2 ,y ! los+ trump4 ,y also has "o c>d ( 8 p>tn]'s e/abli%$ suit 7see ,rem>k1 ,trick #e74 ,a !re=e 7,trick #g7 does n draw ! trump4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #e #d ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #b #c ,knv #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #f #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #b #h ,kg ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #g #aj4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #f #d ,knv ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--,y has no?+ b clubs to lead4 ,a w9s ! ?ree tricks2 & ,,yz w9 ! odd trick4 ,if1 at ,trick #g1 ,a draws ! trump1 ,,yz w9 two by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #g #aj1 #h1 #e1 #b ,ace1 #d ,ace1 #i1 #b #h1 #f ,kg1 ,knv1 #aj1 #d1 #c ,kg1 ,qn1 #d1 #b ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #f1 #c #aj1 #g1 #e ,kg1 #g1 #f1 #d #aj1 #b ,ace1 #e1 #c ,,h& ,,xxxii4 ,see ,?r[+ high c>ds to place ! lead1 pp4 #adg-adi4 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,knv1 #i1 #g1 #c ,qn1 #f1 #e #h1 #g1 #f1 #d ,kg1 #d ,score3 ,love-all4 ,five ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #e #d #b #c ,,rem>k4--,b has no m spades4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn #c #e #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #c #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,knv ,kg ,a #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #d #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #b #b #g ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #d #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #c #h ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg ,a #e #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj ,knv #i #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f #b ,a ,kg ,,rem>k 7,trick #h74--,well play$ by ,a4 ,he sees t if he obta9s ! lead on ! second r\nd ( diamonds he mu/ cont9ue ! spade suit1 a c\rse demon/rably fatal to him1 unless 8 p>tn] has ! que5 ( diamonds toge!r ) ! long he>ts 7see fall ( he>ts1 ,trick #g74 ,by ?r[+ ! k+ to ! ace ,a avoids ! lead1 & saves ! game if 8 p>tn] has ei!r que5 or knave ( diamonds 7z may be se5 by plac+ ! c>ds71 unless ! adv]s>ies cont9ue ! spade suit1 :5 ! game _c be sav$1 by any c\rse ( play4 ,?is clev] c\p occurr$ 9 actual play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #f #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i ,qn ,knv #d ,,tricks #aj to #ac4--;,b br+s 9 ! he>ts1 w9n+ two m tricks2 ,a makes 8 trump2 & ,,yz score ! odd trick & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #aj1 #h1 #f1 #e #d ,ace1 ,qn1 #b ,kg1 #aj1 #g ,ace1 ,knv1 #i1 #d1 #c1 #b #h ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj ,kg1 #c ,ace1 #i1 #e1 #b #i1 #f ,qn1 #h1 #c1 #b ,ace1 ,knv1 #aj1 #g1 #e ,at ,trick #b1 ,b does n cov] 7see p4 #hh74 ,,h& ,,xxxiii4 ,see ,?r[+ high c>ds to place ! lead1 pp4 #adg-adi ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,a1 #d1 #b ,a1 ,qn #h1 #c1 #b ,kg1 ,qn1 #g1 #f1 #d ,score3 ,love-all4 ,n9e ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,a #h #c ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #a #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,knv #c #e ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #e #i #b ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #d #g #d ,,rem>k4--,y has ! knave ( diamonds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg ,qn #f #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #b ,knv #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #e #c #i #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #f ,qn #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #g #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h #i ,kg #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #g #aj4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d #e #aj ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #aj74--;,a plays v well 9 putt+ on ! ace4 ,he wants two m tricks besides 8 ace ( he>ts to save ! game4 ,! la/ trump & be/ diamond are aga9/ him4 ,x is cle>1 !re=e1 if ,a has ! lead aft] ! second r\nd ( he>ts 7:5 he mu/ lead a diamond71 he loses ! game4 ,x is also cle> t unless ,b has k+1 knave1 & a small he>t1 ! game is gone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aa4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #g #aa4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #f ,kg #h ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #ab4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #g #ab4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g ,knv #i #f ,,yz score two by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,knv1 #h1 #g #aj1 #i1 #f1 #c ,kg1 ,qn1 #e #g1 #f1 #d ,kg1 ,knv1 #e1 #c1 #b #aj1 #i1 #h ,kg1 #aj1 #e ,qn1 #d ,ace1 ,knv1 #i1 #g1 #f ,ace1 ,knv1 #aj1 #e #i1 #h #c1 #b ,at ,trick #b1 ,y is 9 difficulties4 ,8 /rong suit has be5 l$ by 8 "r-h& adv]s>y4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 he leads f 8 /ronge/ weak suit4 ,at ,trick #f1 ,y's play 9 cont9u+ ! trump is op5 to criticism4 ,8 bett] lead seems to be knave ( diamonds4 ,z w9s 8 p>tn]'s t5 ( trumps 9 ord] to draw all ! trumps4 ,x is v bad play1 = if ,z passes ! t51 & ,y leads ! knave ( diamonds1 ! game is c]ta94 ,?is is an example ( ! v common error ( w9n+ p>tn]'s trick4 ,x %\ld seldom be done1 & only if a positive advantage c be well-nigh demon/rat$ f do+ x4 ,at ,trick #aa1 ! advantage ( w9n+ p>tn]'s trick--:5 judici\sly done--is %[n4 ,b1 see+ ,a's anxiety to get rid ( ! lead1 rightly conjectures t ,a has two m diamonds4 ,he !re=e takes ! only c\rse to save ! game1 by w9n+ 8 p>tn]'s que5 ( he>ts4 ,illu/ration ,,h& ,,xxxiv4 ,e*o ( ! ,call 7see p4 #abh74 ,illu/ration3 ,z',s ,,h&4 #i1 #g1 #f1 #b #i1 #h1 #e1 #c #g1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #b ,score3 ,love-all4 ,eight ( he>ts turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #d #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,qn #c #e #g ,,rem>k 7,trick #b74--,y has call$ = trumps4 ,z1 hav+ f\r trumps himself1 comm5ces to e*o 8 p>tn]'s call4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #h #g ,kg #f ,,rem>k4--,z completes ! e*o ( ! call4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #a #d4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #d #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,a ,y ,b ,z ,knv ,knv #f #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #b ,kg #f #c ,,rem>k 7,trick #f74--,z hav+ e*o$1 ,y has no hesitation 9 lead+ trumps aga9 aft] be+ =c$ a second "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #h ,kg ,knv #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #e #h4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #i ,a #g #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #e #i4 ,a ,y ,b ,z #aj #c #h #e ,,tricks #aj to #ac4--;,a 7,trick #aj7 leads que5 ( diamonds1 :i* analysis %[s is r bett] ?an a club1 ?\gh1 z ! c>ds happ5 to lie1 8 lead is immat]ial4 ,y trumps ! diamond1 & ,,yz score ?ree by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b = ! e*o1 ! game might h be5 miss$4 ,if aft] be+ =c$ a second "t1 at ,trick #e1 ,y deems x prud5t n to cont9ue trumps1 & leads two r\nds ( diamonds1 ,b makes a small trump1 & ! game is sav$4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,z's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,ace1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #h #aj1 #c ,kg1 #e1 #d ,ace1 #b ,kg1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj1 #g #f1 #d ,knv1 #d1 #c #aj1 #e1 #b ,a1 ,kg1 ,qn1 #i1 #h1 #g1 #f ,qn1 #aj1 #i1 #h ,ace1 ,kg1 #c ,knv ,illu/ration ,,h& ,,xxxv4 ,lead+ los+ trump1 to place ! lead4 ,illu/ration3 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,knv1 #aj1 #i1 #h ,knv1 #i1 #g1 #f1 #c1 #b ,knv ,kg1 #b ,score3 ,love-all4 ,k+ ( he>ts turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c #f ,a #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #a #b4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #d #g ,knv ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,a #e #aj #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #aj #d #e ,knv ,,rem>ks 7,tricks #c & #d74--,y leads f\r?-be/2 ,z e*oes2 b z ! c>ds lie1 x s happ5s t ! position ( ! he>ts w\ld be indep5d5tly m>k$ aft] ,trick #e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #b ,kg ,qn #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c ,a #b #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #e ,kg #d #i ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #i #f #aj #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #g #i4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c ,a ,qn ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #h #aj4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #d #g ,qn #i ,,rem>k 7,trick #aj74--,well play$ by ,y4 ,he c c\nt 8 p>tn]'s h&1 viz41 ! eight ( trumps 7see ,rem>k1 ,trick #d1 & ! fall ( ! he>ts1 ,tricks #c1 #d1 & #e71 ! la/ club1 & a los+ spade1 z ,z hav+ put on ! ace ( spades 7,trick #i71 _c h ! k+4 ,y !re=e trumps ) ! n9e1 & 7,trick #aa7 leads ! sev5 ( he>ts to put ! lead 9 ,z's h&4 ,z 7,trick #ab7 leads ! club1 to :i* ,y disc>ds ! t5 ( spades2 & ,,yz w9 five by c>ds4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,y's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,qn ,kg1 #g1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b ,ace1 #f ,qn1 #aj ,ace ,kg1 #h1 #e1 #d ,qn1 #aj1 #d1 #b #i1 #e1 #c ,ace1 ,kg1 #h1 #g1 #f ,a1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #e #aj1 #d1 #c #g1 #f ,at ,trick #d1 ,b %\ld h l$ a spade4 ,a hav+ %[n at lea/ five diamonds by lead+ ace1 !n knave 7see p4 #ff71 ! diamond is sure to be trump$1 & x may =ce ! weak trump h&1 or may all[ "o adv]s>y to disc>d & ! o!r to trump4 ,,h& ,,xxxvi4 ,e*o aft] a =ce 7see p4 #abi74 ,illu/ration3 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,qn1 #i1 #f1 #d ,knv1 #g #h1 #f ,a1 ,qn1 #d1 #c ,score3 ,,ab1 ?ree2 ,,yz1 f\r4 ,two ( spades turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,kg #f #b ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,kg #c #b #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #b #c4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,qn #c #d #f ,,rem>k4--,b has call$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,kg #h #aj ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #d #e4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #i #aj ,a #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #e #f4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,kg #e #f #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #g #b #aj ,qn ,,rem>k4--,a has e*o$4 ,he !re=e _h at lea/ f\r trumps orig9ally4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #e #h4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #b #e ,knv ,a ,,rem>k4--,! rema9+ trump is 9 ,a's h&4 ,b = ! e*o1 x might be 9 ,z's h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #e #i4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #e #i #h ,a ,,rem>k 7,trick #i74--;,b c n[ lead ace ( diamonds1 )\t fe> ( its be+ trump$ 7see ,rem>k1 ,trick #h74 ,if ! position ( ! o!r trump 7 unc]ta91 ! lead ( ! ace ( diamonds w\ld be wrong4 ,=1 by lead+ n9e ( trumps1 ,b c make c]ta9 ( sav+ ! game 7see score72 :]eas1 if ,z has a trump1 & trumps ! ace ( diamonds1 ,b loses ! game1 z ,y w !n make a diamond4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #e #aj4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #c #g ,knv #d 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--;,b makes 8 ?ree trumps1 & ,,ab w9 ! game4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,b's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 #h1 #g1 #e1 #c ,knv1 #aj ,kg1 #b ,qn1 #aj1 #g1 #f1 #e ,ace1 #d1 #b ,kg1 #i1 #c #c ,knv1 #i1 #d1 #b ,a1 ,kg1 ,qn1 #aj1 #g1 #e #i1 #e1 #b ,knv1 #aj1 #h1 #f ,kg1 #g ,illu/ration ,,h& ,,xxxvii4 ,c\p ( compell+ a disc>d1 same 9 pr9ciple z ! ,vi5na ,c\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,y',s ,,h&4 #g1 #c #f1 #e ,a1 ,knv1 #e1 #c1 #b ,a1 ,kg1 ,qn1 #h ,score3 ,love-all4 ,k+ ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,kg #c #h #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,a #d #b #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #e #b #i ,qn ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #i ,kg #f #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #b #e4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,qn #g #h ,knv ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,b ,z ,a ,y ,kg ,a #d #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #d #g4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #c #d #aj ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #e #h4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #d ,knv #i ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #f #i4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #f #e #aj #e ,,rem>k 7,trick #i74--,well play$ by ,y4 ,he c c\nt ,b's h& z foll[s3 t5 & two small diamonds2 que5 ( spades 7see ,trick #f--! lead ( ! k+ c\ld only be f k+1 que572 & "o o!r c>d1 probably a small spade1 = _h ,b ano!r he>t he w\ld mo/ likely h cont9u$ 8 p>tn]'s orig9al lead1 in/ead ( *ang+ ! suit4 ,y n[ leads a trump 9 hopes t ,b w disc>d ! small spade1 :5 ,y w lead ! sev5 ( spades to ?r[ ! lead into ,b's h&1 & ,b w be oblig$ to lead a diamond up to ,y's t5ace4 ,b1 h[ev]1 disc>ds a diamond4 ,y cont9ues 8 tactics 7see ,trick #aj71 lead+ ano!r trump4 ,?is compels ano!r disc>d f ,b4 ,if ,b disc>ds ! small spade1 ,y leads ! los+ spade2 if ,b disc>ds ano!r diamond1 ,y e/abli%es ! diamonds1 & 9 ei!r case w9s ! game4 ,?is f9e c\p occurr$ 9 actual play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #g #aj4 ,b ,z ,a ,y #b #f #h #b 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #aa to #ac4--,y 7,trick #aa7 leads ! spade4 ,b is oblig$ 7,trick #ab7 to lead a diamond2 & ,,yz score ?ree by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,y's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #d ,kg1 ,qn1 #b ,ace1 #aj1 #f1 #e ,qn1 #aj1 #i1 #h1 #b ,ace1 ,kg ,knv1 #g1 #d1 #c #aj1 #h1 #f ,qn1 #i ,kg1 #g1 #d #i #aj1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d1 #c ,knv1 #b ,at ,trick #aj1 ,b %\ld notice t he mu/ lose ! game if he reta9s ! que5 ( spades4 ,8 only *ance ( sav+ ! game "h is to disc>d ! que5 ( spades1 9 hopes ( f9d+ 8 p>tn] ) two tricks 9 spades1 or ) a trick 9 spades & he>ts4 ,if ,a has n ^! c>ds1 ! game is lo/4 ,illu/ration ,,h& ,,xxxviii4 ,gr& ,c\p 7see pp4 #aea-aee74 ,illu/ration3 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,a1 ,kg #f ,qn1 ,knv1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #d ,kg1 #e1 #d1 #c ,score3 ,love-all4 ,ace ( clubs turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #j #a4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #d ,kg #c #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #j #b4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #g ,qn #e #d ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #a #c4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #aj ,a #h #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #b #d4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #b #f ,a #e ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,a #b ,knv #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #c #f4 ,z ,a ,y ,b ,qn #aj #i ,kg ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #c #g4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #g ,kg #b ,qn ,,rem>k4--,! fall ( ! k+ %[s t ! rema9+ clubs are 9 ,y's h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #c #h4 ,z ,a ,y ,b #h #aj #i #d ,,rem>k4--,well play$ by ,b4 ,all ! he>ts are out2 ! rema9+ diamonds are 9 ,z's h& 7see fall ( ! diamonds1 ,tricks1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #f1 & #g71 & all ! clubs are 9 ,y's h&4 ,y mu/ !re=e h ?ree trumps & two spades4 ,if ,b disc>ds a spade to ?is trick1 he _c avoid lead+ trumps twice up to ,y4 ,9 t case ,y w make two tricks 9 trumps1 sav+ ! game1 z w be app>5t by s play+ ! c>ds4 ,! result is o!rwise if ,b trumps 8 p>tn]'s be/ he>t4 ,he c !n lead out ace & k+ ( spades1 to :i* ,y mu/ foll[ suit2 & by cont9u+ ) ! five ( clubs 7! n9e1 eight1 & ?ree are 9 aga9/ him71 ,b secures ! t5ace1 & w9s ! game4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,tricks #i to #ac4--;,b 7,tricks #i & #aj7 leads spades1 & 7,trick #aa7 ! six ( clubs4 ,b makes ! la/ two tricks1 & ,,ab score ?ree by c>ds & two by hon\rs4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,b's h& is giv5 above47 ,a',s ,,h&4 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 #i1 #e1 #d1 #c1 #b ,qn1 #f ,knv1 #aj1 #h1 #g ,ace1 ,kg1 ,qn1 #aj1 #b ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #e1 #c #g1 #d ,kg #i1 #h1 #c1 #b ,ace1 #aj #aj1 #f ,ace1 #i ,qn1 ,knv1 #h1 #g1 #b ,at ,trick #d1 ,z leads 8 l[e/ diamond1 ?\gh hold+ five1 because /r5g? 9 trumps is decl>$ aga9/4 7,see ,app5dix ,a74 ,,h& ,,xxxix4 ,gr& ,c\p 7see pp4 #aea-aee74 ,illu/ration3 ,a',s ,,h&4 #f1 #d1 #c ,a1 #h ,knv1 #aj1 #g1 #f1 #b #f1 #d1 #b ,score3 ,f\r-all4 ,knave ( diamonds turn$ up4 ,,! ,,play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #a4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #a #a4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #c ,kg ,a #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #b4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #b #b4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #b #g ,a #c ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #c4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #j ,,yz1 #c #c4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,kg #e #aj #d ,,rem>k4--,b has call$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #d4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #a ,,yz1 #c #d4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,qn #i #b ,a ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #e4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #c #e4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #e ,qn ,knv #f ,,rem>k4--,b has ?ree ( trumps4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #f4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #d #f4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #d #i ,qn #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #g4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #e #g4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i #h ,qn #f ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #h4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #b ,,yz1 #f #h4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #aj #d ,kg #h ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #i4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #c ,,yz1 #f #i4 ,y ,b ,z ,a ,knv #c #c #d ,,rem>k4--,a plays a ma/]ly c\p 9 trump+ ) ! f\r4 ,he argues t ,b1 hav+ a weak h&1 w\ld n call = trumps ) less ?an five trumps1 two hon\rs4 ,if s1 ,b has a trump too _m1 & ,y mu/ make a trick 9 trumps1 unless ,b c play ! ,gr& ,c\p ) ! ?ree ( trumps 7see ,rem>k1 ,trick #e74 ,b und]trumps 8 p>tn]1 ! ,gr& c\p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aj4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #d ,,yz1 #f #aj4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #g #h #e #b ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #aa4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #e ,,yz1 #f #aa4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #h #e #f #aj ,illu/ration3 ,,trick #ab4 ,,tricks ,,ab1 #f ,,yz1 #f #ab4 ,y ,b ,z ,a #i #aj ,knv ,knv & ,,ab w9 ! odd trick4 ,,! ,,h&s4 7,a's h& is giv5 above47 ,y',s ,,h&4 ,b',s ,,h&4 ,z',s ,,h&4 ,kg1 #i1 #b #h1 #g1 #e ,ace1 ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj ,qn1 ,knv1 #aj #i1 #d ,kg1 #g1 #f1 #e1 #c1 #b #h1 #d1 #c ,kg1 #i1 #e ,ace1 ,qn ,kg1 #i1 #g1 #e ,ace1 ,qn1 #aj1 #h1 #c ,knv ,at ,trick #e ,b c place all ! rema9+ trumps2 h5ce he und]trumps 8 p>tn] at ,trick #aj4 ,?\gh 8 play is v good1 ,a's c\p 9 trump+ ) ! f\r1 s z to r5d] ,b's c\p possible1 is entitl$ to ! palm4 ,h5ce1 ,a's h& heads ! example4 ,at ,trick #i1 ,z ought to lead knave ( spades1 on :i* ,y %\ld disc>d eight ( clubs1 :5 ,,yz w9 ! game4 ,illu/ration ,,app5dix ,a4 ,,am]ican ,,leads4 ,s9ce ! appe>ance ( ! previ\s ,edition ( ?is "w1 ,am]ican ,leads h be5 ! subject ( mu* discussion4 ,am]ican ,leads propose a sy/ematic c\rse ( play :5 op5+ & cont9u+ ! lead f ! /rong suit1 z foll[s3-- ,,l[ ,,c>d ,,l$4 ,:5 y op5 a /rong suit ) a ,,l[ ,,c>d lead y\r ,,f\r?-,,be/4 ,:5 a f\r-c>d suit is op5$ ) a l[ c>d1 ! l[e/ is ! c>d select$4 ,in/ead ( call+ ?is ! l[e/1 call x ! f\r?-be/4 ,:5 a five-c>d suit is op5$ ) a l[ c>d1 ! p5ultimate c>d is select$4 ,in/ead ( call+ ?is ! p5ultimate1 call x ! f\r?-be/4 ,:5 a six-c>d suit is op5$ ) a l[ c>d1 lead ! ante-p5ultimate4 ,in/ead ( call+ ?is ! ante-p5ultimate1 call x ! f\r?-be/4 ,& s on = suits ( m ?an six c>ds4 ,e suit ( f\r or m c>ds1 op5$ ) a l[ c>d1 is to be treat$1 on ! fir/ lead1 z ?\gh !re 7 no c>ds bel[ ! f\r?-be/ 9 ! lead]'s h&4 ,example3-- ,lead ,f ,qn1 #aj1 #h1 #g1 ,qn1 #aj1 #h1 #g1 #f ,qn1 #aj1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #d ,qn1 #aj1 #h1 #g1 c41 c41 c4 ,by foll[+ ?is me?od1 y %[ y\r p>tn]1 z reg>ds a /rong suit :i* y op5 ) a l[ c>d1 t y inv>iably hold exactly ?ree c>ds high] ?an ! "o fir/ l$2 & n infrequ5tly :at ^? c>ds are4 ,,high ,,c>d ,,l$ ,,foll[$ ,,by ,,l[ ,,c>d4 ,:5 y op5 a /rong suit ) a ,,high ,,c>d1 & next lead a ,,l[ ,,c>d1 lead y\r ,,orig9al ,,f\r?-,,be/4 ,:5 ace is l$ f ace & f\r or m small c>ds1 aft] lead+ ! ace1 lead ! orig9al f\r?-be/1 i4e41 ! c>d y w\ld h l$ if op5+ ) a small c>d4 ,?us1 9 trumps1 ) ace1 knave1 n9e1 eight1 sev51 an advanc$ play] w\ld beg9 ! eight4 ,9 pla9 suits1 ! ace w\ld be fir/ l$4 ,! second lead ( an ,am]ican ,lead] w\ld be ! eight1 ! orig9al f\r?-be/1 & n ! sev54 ,by foll[+ ?is me?od1 y in=m y\r p>tn] t y inv>iably rema9 ) exactly two c>ds high] ?an ! second c>d l$1 z %[n by ! foll[+ tabulat$ example3-- ,lead ,!n ,f ,ace1 ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #g ,ace1 ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #g1 #e ,ace1 ,knv1 #i1 #h1 #g1 #e1 #c ,ace1 ,knv1 #i1 #h1 c41 c41 c4 ,by lead+ 9 ?is way y n infrequ5tly tell y\r p>tn] :at y\r rema9+ high c>ds are4 ,?us1 ) ! above comb9ation1 if k+1 que5 come out on ! second r\nd1 & y\r p>tn] holds ! t51 he kn[s to a c]ta9ty t y comm& ! suit1 a fact ab\t :i* he w\ld h be5 9 d\bt _h y cont9u$ ) ! l[e/4 ,! same rule1 :5 a high c>d is foll[$ by a l[ c>d1 applies to k+ l$ f k+1 que51 & small ones1 :5 ! k+ w9s ! trick2 & to t51 l$ f k+1 knave1 t5 & "o or m small ones1 :5 ! t5 w9s ! trick4 ,^! are all ! possible cases4 ,) k+1 knave1 t51 n9e1 if ! n9e w9s ! fir/ trick1 ! lead] goes on ) a high c>d4 ,,high ,,c>d ,,l$ ,,foll[$ ,,by ,,high ,,c>d4 ,:5 y rema9 ) ,,two ,,high ,,indiff]5t ,,c>ds1 lead ! ,,high] if y op5$ a ,,suit ,,( ,,f\r2 ,,! ,,l[] if y op5$ a ,,suit ,,( ,,five or m4 7,see ,analysis ( ,leads 9 ,detail1 p4 #fd74 ,! typical example is ! comb9ation ( ace1 que51 knave1 & "o or m small c>ds4 ,) f\r 9 suit1 ace1 !n que5 is l$4 ,b ) m ?an f\r 9 suit1 ! knave is l$ aft] ! ace1 because !n1 if y\r p>tn] rema9s ) k+ & "o small c>d1 y are /rong en\gh to invite him to w9 y\r trick 9 ord] to unblock y\r long suit4 ,9 ! same way1 if que5 is l$ f que51 knave1 t5 & small1 y proce$ ) ! knave1 hold+ only t5 & "o small4 ,b1 ) knave1 t5 & m ?an "o small1 y cont9ue ) ! t51 ! l[] ( two indiff]5t high c>ds1 to induce y\r p>tn] to w9 x1 & s to unblock y\r suit1 %\ld he rema9 ) ace & "o small "o1 or ) k+ & "o small "o4 ,consequ5tly1 if y\r p>tn] is an ,am]ican ,lead]1 & on ! second r\nd ( y\r suit1 y lead ! high] ( two high indiff]5t c>ds1 he w c\nt y\r /rong suit to h consi/$ ( f\r c>ds exactly4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 on ! second r\nd1 y lead ! l[] ( two high indiff]5t c>ds1 he w c\nt at lea/ ?ree ( y\r /rong suit /ill 9 y\r h&4 ,z x is advantage\s to y\r p>tn] to be able to c\nt y\r h& 9 ?is way1 :e!r he has block+ c>ds or n1 y %\ld always pursue ! same sy/em4 ,?us3 y lead t51 f k+1 knave1 t51 c4 ,! t5 =ces ! que54 ,y obta9 ! lead aga94 ,y\r k+1 knave are n[ high indiff]5t c>ds4 ,if y lead ! k+1 y\r p>tn] kn[s y rema9 ) knave & at mo/ "o small c>d ( ! suit4 ,if y lead ! knave1 y\r p>tn] kn[s y rema9 ) k+ & at lea/ two small ones4 ,or1 y lead knave1 f k+1 que51 knave1 & two or m small ones4 ,on lead+ ! suit aga91 if y cont9ue ) k+1 y\r p>tn] c\nts que51 & exactly two small ones 9 y\r h&4 ,if y cont9ue ) que51 y\r p>tn] c\nts k+ & m ?an two small ones 9 y\r h& 7see p4 #fh74 ,be=e decid+ :i* ( two or m high c>ds to lead1 be sure :e!r !y are indiff]5t c>ds4 ,?is in=mation y c obta9 by consult+ ! ,analysis ( ,leads 7p4 #fd74 ,:51 9 ! ,analysis1 ! second lead is giv5 )\t any qualification1 ! high c>ds are n indiff]5t4 ,?ree objections are urg$ aga9/ ,am]ican ,leads by play]s :o oppose _! adoption4 ,! fir/ is1 ,t !y complicate ! game4 ,ev5 7 ?is /ricture true1 x is no objection to an intellectual game t x ex]cises ! m9ds ( ! play]s4 ,b x has h>dly any f\ndation 9 fact4 ,all an ,am]ican ,lead] asks 8 p>tn] to obs]ve is3-- ,t1 :5 he orig9ally leads a l[ c>d he holds ?ree ( ! suit high] ?an ! c>d l$4 ,t1 :5 he orig9ally leads a high c>d & next a l[ "o1 he /ill holds two c>ds high] ?an ! second c>d l$4 ,&1 ,t1 :5 he orig9ally leads a high c>d1 & foll[s x ) a high c>d1 he indicates1 9 _m cases1 to any "o :o kn[s ! ,analysis ( ,leads 7z e :i/ play] ought71 :e!r 8 /rong suit consi/$ ( f\r or ( m ?an f\r c>ds4 ,! second objection is1 ,t !y seldom affect ! result4 ,! answ] is t ,am]ican ,leads add little :i* is new to ! game4 ,!y only consolidate ! receiv$ practice1 & ext5d a law ( uni=mity to cases n previ\sly provid$ =4 ,! ?ird objection is1 ,t ! in=mation af=d$ may be ( m use to ! oppon5ts ?an to ! lead]'s p>tn]4 ,no d\bt x may4 ,b1 "u o!r :i/ conditions1 exp]i5ce tells u t x is advantage\s1 9 ! long run1 to convey in=mation ( /r5g?1 not)/&+ its publication to ! :ole table4 ,x is 9 ! highe/ degree improbable t a play] w be at a disadvantage by imp>t+ too mu* in=mation4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ,am]ican ,leads1 9 _! integrity1 assume n m]ely an orig9al lead1 b ! orig9al lead ( ! h&1--! v fir/ lead ( all4 ,:5 a play] obta9s ! lead1 = ! fir/ "t1 aft] "o or m tricks h be5 play$1 he may op5 8 /rong suit 9 ! same way z ?\gh he 7 ! orig9al lead]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he may deem x advisable to op5 a weak suit2 or to lead ?r\gh a /rong "o1 or up to a weak "o2 or1 if great /r5g? 9 trumps has be5 decl>$ aga9/ him1 may wi% to conceal ! fact t 8 be/ suit is only a v long "o ( small c>ds 7see ,h& ,,ix1 ,tricks #f & #g72 or1 if late 9 ! h&1 he may conclude t ! "t = precise exhibition ( /r5g? is pa/ & gone 7see ,h& ,,xiii1 ,tricks #h & #i1 & ,h& ,,xxiv1 ,tricks #e & #f74 ,^!1 h[ev]1 are matt]s ( judgm5t1 = :i* no h>d & fa/ rule c be laid d[n4 ,= demon/rations ( ! work+ ( ,am]ican ,leads1 & = ,illu/rative ,h&s1 see ,:i/ ,developm5ts1 by ,cav5di%4 ,london3 ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue & ,co4 ,,app5dix ,b4 ,,! ,,pla9-,,suit ,,e*o4 ,all :i/ play]s are aw>e t x is advisable to get rid ( ! comm& ( _! p>tn]'s long suit4 ,b no g5]al rules h be5 laid d[n to fur!r ?is end4 ,x has be5 left1 = ! mo/ "p1 to ! +5uity ( ! individual to decide = himself1 on ! spur ( ! mom5t1 h[ & :5 unblock+ %\ld be attempt$4 ,assum+ an orig9al lead ( a high c>d f a pla9 suit ( f\r or m c>ds1 ! ?ird h& may ?9k fit to w9 8 p>tn]'s trick 9 ord] to free ! suit4 ,) reg>d to knave l$1 ! play ( ! ?ird h&1 hold+ ace1 c41 is well kn[n4 ,& !re are o!r cases1 su* z ! play ( ! ?ird h&1 hold+ ace1 knave only1 :5 k+ is l$ orig9ally2 b ^! are too elem5t>y = discussion "h4 ,if ! ?ird h& does n endeav\r to w9 ! fir/ trick 9 8 p>tn]'s suit1 he is in/ruct$ to play 8 l[e/ c>d4 ,?is is1 no d\bt1 s\nd1 except :]e ! ?ird h& holds f\r c>ds exactly ( 8 p>tn]'s suit1 & he may block x %\ld ! lead h be5 f m ?an f\r c>ds4 ,!n he %\ld sometimes reta9 9 8 h& ! l[e/ ( 8 f\r c>ds1 & play ! next high] "o4 ,x is ! object ( ! ,pla9-,suit ,e*o to det]m9e ! cases1 9 :i* ?is play is advisable4 ,! typical example is t ( ace l$ orig9ally by a /rong suit play]4 ,! second h& foll[s suit4 ,! ?ird h& holds k+1 que51 knave1 deuce ( ! suit4 ,! lead 0 f at lea/ five c>ds4 ,if ! ?ird h& is n to block 8 p>tn]'s suit1 he mu/ play ! knave to ! ace4 ,if ! f\r? h& foll[s suit1 x is impossible to lose by play+ z above propos$2 &1 ev5 if ! f\r? h& r5\nces1 x is only possible to lose :5 ! lead 0 f five c>ds exactly1 & ! f\r c>ds accompany+ ! ace are all v small ones4 ,aga93--,! orig9al lead] 7a /rong suit play]71 leads que5 ( a pla9 suit4 ,! ?ird h& holds n9e1 eight1 sev5 & a v small "o4 ,he may block ! suit by play+ ! v small "o2 if ! lead 0 f que51 knave1 t51 he _c possibly lose by play+ ! sev5 to ! que52 &1 if ! lead 0 f m ?an f\r c>ds he may ga94 ,x w\ld occupy too mu* space to detail all ! cases 9 :i* x is advisable to foll[ ! plan set =? 9 ! examples1 & to ent] into all ! possible consequ5ces t may ensue4 ,= a full exam9ation ( ! work+ ( ! ,pla9-,suit ,e*o1 & = ,illu/rative ,h&s1 ! advanc$ play] is ref]r$ to ,:i/ ,developm5ts1 by ,cav5di%4 ,london3 ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue & ,co4 ,,app5dix ,c4 ,,on ,,! ,,orig9al ,,lead ,,( ,,k+4 ,! ,analysis ( ,leads1 und]tak5 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! cases 9 :i* ! ?ird h& %\ld unblock 8 p>tn]'s suit1 %[$ t k+ l$ orig9ally conveys less in=mation to p>tn] ?an ! lead ( any o!r high c>d4 ,x is ! only case 9 :i* ! lead ( a high c>d is made )\t at lea/ five 9 suit1 or )\t ! accompanim5t ( at lea/ two o!r high c>ds4 ,h5ce ! /ud5t 0 told#dh t :5 a k+ is l$ orig9ally1 he mu/ n attempt to unblock ! suit on ! fir/ r\nd2 & ?is recomm5dation is q s\nd4 ,x seem$ /range t :5 ace1 que51 knave1 or t5 is l$ orig9ally1 ! ?ird h&1 ) f\r exactly 9 suit1 %\ld reta9 8 l[e/ c>d = two r\nds2 b t1 :5 k+ is l$1 he %\ld ab&on ^! tactics4 ,! conclusion =c$ on ! ,au?or 01 t k+ %\ld nev] be l$ orig9ally1 :5 ! lead] desires to invite 8 p>tn] to unblock4 ,! cases :]e ! lead] desires 8 p>tn] to unblock1 are ^? 9 :i* ! orig9al lead is f m ?an f\r c>ds1 ! ?ird h& at ! same "t hold+ f\r ( ! suit exactly1 z expla9$ 9 ,app5dix ,b1 p4 #bhg4 ,!re=e1 ! argum5t on ! previ\s pages be+ admitt$1 k+ %\ld nev] be l$ orig9ally f a suit ( m ?an f\r c>ds2 & x almo/ foll[s t k+ %\ld always be l$ f a suit ( f\r c>ds exactly1 :i* conta9s an ace1 k+1 or a k+1 que5 comb9ation4 ,ace1 k+1 que51 knave1 & "o or m small4 ,lead knave1 9 all suits4 ,hold+ m ?an two small1 foll[ knave ) que52 hold+ two small1 foll[ knave ) k+2 hold+ "o small1 foll[ knave ) ace4 ,ace1 k+1 que51 knave1 only4 ,lead k+1 !n knave1 9 all suits4 ,ace1 que51 exactly1 are m>k$ 9 ! lead]'s h&4 ,ace1 k+1 que51 & m ?an "o small4 ,lead que51 9 all suits4 ,hold+ m ?an two small1 foll[ que5 ) k+2 hold+ two small1 foll[ que5 ) ace4 ,ace1 k+1 que51 & "o small4 ,lead k+1 !n que51 9 all suits4 ,ace & at mo/ "o small1 are m>k$4 ,ace1 k+1 & m ?an two small4 ,lead ace1 !n k+1 9 pla9 suits4 ,9 trumps ! same1 hold+ sev5 trumps2 ) less ?an sev5 trumps1 lead f\r? be/4 ,ace1 k+1 & two small4 ,lead k+ 9 pla9 suits2 ! smalle/ 9 trumps4 ,k+1 que51 knave1 t51 & small 7includ+ ! n9e74 ,lead t5 9 all suits4 7a74 ,if t5 w9s ! trick3-- ,hold+ m ?an two small1 foll[ t5 ) knave2 hold+ two small1 foll[ t5 ) que52 hold+ "o small1 foll[ t5 ) k+4 7b74 ,if t5 =ces ace3-- ,hold+ m ?an "o small1 foll[ t5 ) knave2 hold+ "o small1 foll[ t5 ) que54 ,9 case b1 t5 _c be foll[$ ) k+1 z !n p>tn] w\ld be d\btful z to ! position ( ! que54 ,k+1 que51 knave1 t51 only4 ,lead k+1 !n t51 9 all suits4 ,que51 knave1 exactly1 are m>k$ 9 ! lead]'s h&4 ,"h ! lead] runs ! risk1 9 pla9 suits1 ( be+ block$ if 8 p>tn] holds ace1 & "o small "o1 orig9ally4 ,!re is a conflict ( advantages & disadvantages2 9 fav\r1 ! ,au?or believes1 ( ! lead ( k+1 if ! suit conta9s only f\r c>ds 7comp>e p4 #fg1 be>+ 9 m9d t1 :5 t 0 writt51 ! lead ( any c>d r ?an a k+1 f suits ( m ?an f\r c>ds1 _h n be5 ! subject ( consid]ation74 ,k+1 que51 knave1 m ?an "o small4 ,lead knave1 9 all suits4 ,hold+ m ?an two small1 foll[ knave ) que52 hold+ two small1 foll[ knave ) k+4 ,k+1 que51 knave1 "o small4 ,lead k+1 !n knave1 9 all suits4 ,if k+ =ces ace1 or if p>tn] holds ace1 ! lead]1 on ! appe>ance ( ! knave1 is m>k$ ) que5 & "o small4 ,if ace is n =c$1 ! presumption is t ! lead] rema9s ) ace1 que51 exactly 7see lead f ace1 k+1 que51 knave74 ,k+1 que51 t51 & m ?an "o small1 9 trumps4 ,lead que54 ,if que5 w9s ! trick1 foll[ ) f\r? be/ rema9+ 9 h&4 ,k+ is m>k$2 s1 exclude ! k+1 & on second lead cont9ue ) ! f\r? be/ ( ! small c>ds4 ,soon] or lat]1 ! lead] w be m>k$ ) at lea/ five trumps orig9ally1 includ+ k+1 t52 or1 if he has n ! t51 ) at lea/ sev5 trumps orig9ally4 ,if que5 =ces ace1 on ! appe>ance ( ! k+1 ! lead] is m>k$ ) at lea/ five trumps orig9ally 7"o be+ ! t572 or1 if he has n ! t51 ) at lea/ sev5 trumps orig9ally4 ,k+1 que51 t51 & "o small1 9 trumps4 ,lead k+4 ,soon] or lat]1 ! lead] w be m>k$ ) exactly f\r trumps orig9ally1 includ+ que51 t54 ,k+1 que51 & m ?an two small4 ,lead que54 ,if que5 w9s ! trick1 foll[ ) f\r? be/ rema9+ 9 h& 7comp>e1 lead f k+1 que51 t51 & m ?an "o small1 9 trumps74 ,if que5 =ces ace1 on ! appe>ance ( ! k+1 ! lead] is m>k$ ) m ?an f\r orig9ally4 ,9 trumps1 ! same1 hold+ sev5 trumps2 ) less ?an sev5 trumps1 lead f\r? be/4 ,k+1 que51 two small4 ,lead k+1 9 pla9 suits4 ,on ! appe>ance ( ! ace1 ! lead] is m>k$ ) que5 & at mo/ two small4 ,9 trumps1 lead l[e/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,grant$ t ! ?ird play] w n trump an hon\r l$ orig9ally 7& he w seldom lose by pass+1 ev5 if weak 9 trumps71 ! =ego+ leads are cle>ly advantage\s1 z !y enable ! ?ird play] to employ ! unblock+ sy/em1 & assi/ him 9 c\nt+ 8 p>tn]'s h&4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! mode ( lead+1 "h set =?1 has be5 tri$ by a numb] ( good play]s1 & has be5 g5]ally approv$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 /rongly recomm5d$ to ! consid]ation ( advanc$ play]s1 assum+ always t ! lead]'s p>tn] is himself an advanc$ play]4 ,not)/&+ ! /rong op9ion 9 its fav\r ent]ta9$ by ! ,au?or1 x is /ill reta9$ 9 an ,app5dix1 t x may be te/$ by fur!r trial be=e be+ positively ass]t$ z a sub/antive "p ( ! game4 ,,footnotes3 #dh ,:i/ ,developm5ts by ,cav5di%4 ,london3 ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue & ,co4 ,illu/ration ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue ,,& ,,co41 ,,pr9t]s1 ,,bunhill ,,r[1 ,,london4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,may ,,be ,,_h ,,( ,,all ,,/ation]s4 ,,! ,,isoba? ,,con/ant-,,level ,,ink/& 7,,pat5t$7 ,,con/ruct$ ,,on ,a ,,new ,,pr9ciple ,,(f]+ ,,unique ,,advantages4 ,illu/ration3 ,adapt$ = all ,c\ntries & all ,climates4 ,made 9 a v>iety ( useful & ornam5tal =ms4 ,! ,float is s weight$ & pois$ z always to keep ! ,ink on ! same level1 :atev] quantity may be conta9$ 9 ! ,res]voir4 ,! ,me*anism _c get out ( ord]1 z all ! mat]ials us$ are entirely unaffect$ by ,ink4 ,i4--,x provides a small ,,dipp+ ,,well 9 :i* ! ,ink is always ma9ta9$ at ! ,,same ,,uni=m ,,dep?4 ,e dip ( ,ink tak5 up by ! p5 is at once automatically replac$ f ! ,res]voir )91 until ! supply ( ,ink has be5 exhau/$4 ,,ii4--,x conta9s a ,,l>ge ,,res]voir ,,( ,,ink 7ab\t -p9t71 :i*1 f its be+ completely enclos$1 is protect$ f all access ( du/ or insects1 z well z f evaporation1 & is ?us kept 9 p]fect condition = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,,iii4--,x secures a great economy ( ,ink2 mu* sav+ ( "t & tr\ble1 z reg>ds clean+ & repl5i%+2 & ! same conv5i5t dip ( ,ink is always obta9able )\t ?\ght or tr\ble2 :il/ inky f+]s & an ill-suppli$ p5 are alike avoid$4 ,,iv4--,! ,,ink ,,is ,,always ,,ready2 ,,always ,,( ,,! ,,"r ,,dep? = dipp+2 ,,always ,,fre%1 & ,,cle> = use4 ,,prices1 f ,,five ,,%ill+s to ,,two ,,gu9eas4 ,:olesale only ( ! ,sole ,manufactur]s1 ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue ,co41 ,bunhill ,r[1 ,,london4 ,,n[ ,,ready4 ,a ,,new ,,"w ,,on ,,:i/4 #hvo41 ,clo?4 ,price #as4 #f;d4 ,,:i/-,,p]ception ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,means ,,( ,,end-,,h&s ,,f ,,actual ,,play4 ,,by ,b4,w4,d4 ,,cav5di%4 ,,important ,,"w ,,on ,,pati5ce4 ,demy1 ,oblong #dto41 ,clo?1 ,gilt4 ,price #afs4 ,,pati5ce ,,games4 ,,by ,,cav5di% 7,,au?or ,,( ,,! ,,laws ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,:i/1 c41 c47 ,,) ,,examples ,,play$ ,,?r\gh4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,) ,,num]\s ,,diagrams1 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,col\rs4 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue ,,co4 ,,london1 ,,& ,,sold ,,by ,,all ,,booksell]s4 ,,works ,,by ,,cav5di%4 ,,! ,,/&>d ,,"w ,,on ,,:i/4 #ah? ,edition4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 ,gilt ,extra4 ,price #es4 ,greatly enl>g$ & revis$ ?r\gh\t4 ,h&somely pr9t$ 9 ,r$ & ,black4 ,,! ,,laws ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,:i/4 99 99 99 99 99 #crd ,edition4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 ,gilt ,extra4 ,price #es4 ,h&somely pr9t$ 9 ,r$ & ,black4 ,,:i/ ,,developm5ts3 ,,am]ican ,,leads ,,& ,,! ,,pla9-,,suit ,,e*o4 99 99 99 99 99 #f? ,edition4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 ,gilt ,extra4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,piquet1 ,,adopt$ ,,by ,,! ,,portl& ,,& ,,turf ,,clubs4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,cav5di%3 ,,) ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,game1 ,,by ,,cav5di%4 99 99 99 99 99 #crd ,edition4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 ,gilt ,extra4 ,revis$ ?r\gh\t4 ,price #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,c>t1 ,,adopt$ ,,by ,,! ,,turf ,,& ,,portl& ,,clubs4 ,,) ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,game1 ,,by ,,cav5di%4 99 99 99 99 99 #bnd ,edition #hvo4 ,clo?1 ,gilt ,extra4 ,price #as4 #f;d4 ,,r\nd ,,games ,,at ,,c>ds4 ,,by ,,cav5di%4 99 99 99 99 99 #hvo4 ,clo?1 ,gilt ,extra4 ,price #as4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,laws ,,( ,,rubicon ,b,,zique4 ,,adopt$ ,,by ,,! ,,portl& ,,club4 ,,edit$ ,,by ,,cav5di%4 ,,) ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,game1 ,,by ,,cav5di%4 99 99 99 99 99 #h? ,edition4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 ,gilt ,extra4 ,price #as4 ,,! ,,game ,,( ,,lawn ,,t5nis 7,,) ,,! ,,au?oriz$ ,,laws74 ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue ,,co4 ,,london1 ,,& ,,sold ,,by ,,all ,,booksell]s4 ,,! ,,pocket ,,s]ies4 ,,by ,,cav5di%4 ,price #f;d4 ea*4 ,,:i/ 7#c7--;,,guide2 ,,laws2 ,,leads4 ,,imp]ial4 ,b,,zique 7) ,new ,laws74 ,,poli% ,b,,zique4 ,,c>t4 ,,eu*re4 ,,spoil-,,five4 ,,cribbage4 ,,calabrasella4 ,,sixty-,,six4 ,,dom9oes4 ,,*ess4 ,,draughts4 ,,backgammon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,! ,,/&>d ,,"w ,,on ,,billi>ds4 #e? ,edition4 ,c>efully revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,billi>ds4 ,by ,j4 ,,b5nett1 ,,ex-,,*ampion4 ,edit$ by ,,cav5di%4 ,) upw>ds ( #bjj ,illu/rations4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,clay ,,on ,,:i/4 ,improv$ ,edition4 ,cap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 ,gilt ,extra4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,laws ,,( ,,%ort ,,:i/1 ,by ,j4 ,l4 ,,baldw92 ,,& ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,game1 ,by ,,james ,,clay4 99 99 99 99 99 #e? ,edition4 ,enl>g$ & ,improv$4 ,cap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 ,gilt ,ex4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,:i/4 ,,by ,,dr4 ,,pole1 ,f4,r4,s4 ,an ,essay on ! ,sci5tific & ,intellectual ,aspects ( ! ,mod]n ,game4 99 99 99 99 99 ,by ! same ,au?or4 ,h&somely ,pr9t$ on a ,c>d4 ,price #c;d4 ,,philosophical ,,:i/ ,,rhymes4 ,,manufactur$ ,,by ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue ,,co4 ,,& ,,sold ,,by ,,all ,,booksell]s ,,& ,,/ation]s4 ,,pat5t ,,play+ ,,c>ds4 ,,moguls 7,,or ,,be/ ,,quality71 ,,h>rys 7,,or ,,second ,,quality71 & ! *eap] k9ds ( ,,h>rys & ,,highl&]s1 ) ,r\nd or ,squ>e ,corn]s1 9 great v>iety4 ,! r\nd-corn]$ c>ds are cut by improv$ ma*9]y to an absolute uni=mity 9 size & %ape4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,dext] ,,play+ ,,c>ds1 ,,) ,,pat5t ,,index-,,pips1 ,,r\nd$ ,,corn]s1 ,,& ,,enamell$ ,,faces4 ,,extra ,,?94 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pigmy ,,play+ ,,c>ds4 ,,be/ ,,quality1 ,,highly ,,enamell$ ,,backs1 ,,9 ,,assort$ ,,t9ts4 ,enclos$ 9 neat ,slid+ ,boxes1 ea* conta9+ ,two ,packs4 ,adapt$ = ! ,game ( ,,pati5ce4 ,price #as4 p] ,box4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pati5ce ,,play+ ,,c>ds4 ,,be/ ,,quality4 ,,highly ,,enamell$ ,,backs1 ,,9 ,,assort$ ,,t9ts1 ,,& ,,index-,,pips4 ,enclos$ 9 neat ,boxes1 ea* conta9+ ,two ,packs4 ,,9 ,a ,,great ,,v>iety ,,( ,,/yles4 ,,prices ,,f #b_/f4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,midget ,,toy ,,play+ ,,c>ds4 ,,t9t$ ,,backs1 ,,assort$4 ,ea* ,pack enclos$ 9 a neat ,tuck ,case4 ,,price #b;d4 ,,p] ,,pack4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b,,zique ,,play+ ,,c>ds1 ,,9 ,,boxes1 ,,= ,,two1 ,,?ree1 ,,or ,,f\r ,,play]s4 ,) ,m>k]s1 & ,,guide by ,,cav5di%4 ,,9 ,a ,,great ,,v>iety ,,( ,,/yles4 ,,prices ,,f #b_/f ,,to #fc_/- ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,?os4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue ,,co4 ,,london1 ,,& ,,sold ,,by ,,all ,,booksell]s ,,& ,,/ation]s4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue',s ,,indelible ,,di>ies ,,& ,,r$-,,lett] ,,cal5d>s4 ,,pocket ,,di>ies4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue',s ,,improv$ ,,indelible ,,di>ies ,,& ,,memor&um ,,books1 9 ?ree sizes1 fitt$ 9 ,velvet1 ,russia1 ,calf1 ,turkey ,morocco1 ,p]sian1 or ,fr5* ,morocco cases2 pla9 or ri*ly gilt1 ) gilt clasps or ela/ic b&s1 9 a great v>iety ( /yles4 ,all ^! ,di>ies are fitt$ ) electro-gilt indelible p5cils4 ,also suppli$ 9 enamell$ pap] cov]s4 ,a size #c by #a in*es4 ,b #c by #b ,c #d by #b ,,cond5s$ ,,di>ies ,,engagem5t ,,books1 ,9 ?ree sizes 7,a1 ,b1 ,c1 z above71 & 9 a great v>iety ( ,pla9 & ,ornam5tal lea!r cases2 !y are also publi%$ 9 enamell$ pap] cov]s1 suitable = ! ,c>d ,case or ,purse4 ,,companion ,,memor&um ,,books4 ,= use ) ! ,cond5s$ ,di>ies2 ,a1 ,b1 ,c sizes1 z above4 ,n4,b4--,all ,cond5s$ ,di>y & ,cal5d> ,cases 7except ! ,tuck7 are fitt$ ) an extra ela/ic b& = ! reception ( ^! books4 ,,half-,,cr[n ,,di>y4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue',s ,,improv$ ,,di>y ,,& ,,memor&um ,,book2 = ,libr>y or ,c\nt+-h\se use4 ,e size1 #g by #d in*es4 ,,pocket ,,cal5d>s4 ,,de ,,la ,,rue',s ,,r$-,,lett] ,,cal5d>s ,,& ,,almanacs1 9 two sizes 7,a ,b1 z above71 9 enamell$ pap] cov]s1 suitable = ! ,c>d ,case or ,pocket ,book4 ,also int]leav$2 & 9 ,russia1 ,p]sian1 & ,fr5* ,morocco cases4 ,,f+]-,,%ap$ ,,cond5s$ ,,di>ies4 ,9 elegant slid+ cases1 extra gilt4 ,adapt$ = ! ,pocket or ,reticule4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,us$ a ,,clockwise ,,top ,,semicircle ,,arr[1 1 to indicate ! lead 9 ! h& illu/ration comm5ts4 ,sil5tly correct$ simple spell+1 gramm>1 & typographical errors4 ,reta9$ ana*roni/ic & non-/&>d spell+s z pr9t$4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4