,illu/ration ,,front ,,( ,,tumbl+ ,,glaci] ,,on ,,b]g ,,lake ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior ,,dom9ion ,,p>ks ,,bran* ,glaci]s ( ! ,rockies & ,selkirks ,by ,a4 ,p4 ,coleman1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4 ,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,presid5t ,alp9e ,club ( ,canada ,au?or ( 8,! ,canadian ,rockies0 ,) ,notes on ,five ,great ,glaci]s ( ! ,canadian ,national ,p>ks ,by ,a4 ,o4 ,:eel]1 ,director ,alp9e ,club ( ,canada ,re-,publi%$ "u ! direction ( ,sir ,james ,l\ghe$ ,m9i/] ( ! ,int]ior ,fir/ ,edition1 #aiad ,second ,edition1 #aiba ,glaci]s ( ! ,rockies & ,selkirks ,! travell] go+ we/w>ds f ! prairie f9ds ! way block$ by a grim wall ( cliffs ris+ #g1jjj or #h1jjj feet above ! sea & ju/ify+ ! "n ( ! 8,rockies0 giv5 to our greate/ *a9 ( m\nta9s4 ,t[>d ! end ( ! summ] ^! desolate precipices are sn[less & except = a glimpse ( :ite peaks ?r\gh "s pass !re is sc>cely a sugge/ion ( ! glaci] region )94 ,!n ! tra9 ent]s ! 8,gap0 & be=e long ! summits ar\nd %[ fields or pat*es ( midsumm] sn[2 & z "o draws ne>] to ! he>t ( ! ,rockies !re is blue ice to be se5 cl++ to ! cliffs or rea*+ z glaci]s d[n into ! wood$ valleys1 & "o is ?rill$ ) ! wild *>m ( alp9e sc5]y4 ,h[ev]1 eng9e]s are /rict utilit>ians & always *oose ! l[e/ pass = a railway1 s t ! pass5g] 9 ! obs]vation c> cat*es only tantaliz+ glimpses ( ! wond]s & beauties ( ! ice _w a few miles away & a few ?\s& feet above ! valley4 ,"o mu/ /op at "s place l lake ,l\ise 9 ! s\!rn ,rockies or ,tte ,jaune 9 ! nor? or ,glaci] 9 ! ,selkirks to come into real contact ) sn[ fields & glaci]s4 ,:at a joy x is to get rid ( ! hot & du/y ev]yday _w ( cities = a :ile & come close to ,nature 9 "o ( h] wilde/ moods6 ,x is n only ! m\nta9e] :o feels ! s$uction ( ! cool1 clean solitudes :]e glaci]s are born & d _! wond]ful "w4 ,e heal?y manor woman mu/ yield to ! delight ( liv+ 9 ^? inspir+ surr\nd+s4 ,x is wor?:ile to put on w>m /rong clo!s & hob-nail$ %oes & fill y\r lungs ) m\nta9 air 9 a scramble up to ! sn[ fields to see h[ ! glacial ma*9]y works1 ma*9]y :i* "s ?\s&s ( ye>s ago %ap$ almo/ ! :ole surface ( ,canada1 do+ its "w on ! pla9s z well z ! m\nta9s & leav+ x ! spl5did l& ( lakes & riv]s & f]tile prairies & roll+ hills :i* x is to-day4 ,sn[l9e4 ,to rea* ! sn[s g5]ally means "s miles ( walk+ & climb+1 (t5 ?r\gh =e/ cov]$ slopes at fir/ :]e ! outside _w is lo/4 ,!n ! trees beg9 to ?9 & gr[ /unt$1 reveal+ betwe5 ! trunks blue valleys ) a lake or two & f> (f cliffs & m\nta9s4 ,at la/ ! trees cease at #g1ejj feet & y are at timb]l9e4 ,"h ! ?ree ,rocky m\nta9 hea!rs spread s(t ?ick c>pets betwe5 /iff bu%es only a few feet high b ) trunks a foot ?r\gh1 s buffet$ h !y be5 by ! /orms ( c5turies4 ,! r[s ( dw>f$ spruces lean+ back aga9/ "s rock l$ge give f9e %elt] = ! m\nta9 goats1 wisps ( ^: :ite wool cl+ to ! /ubborn bran*es4 ,!n come cliffs & rocky slopes & grassy or s$gy upl&s 7! true alps z ! ^w is us$ 9 ,switz]l&7 :]e m\nta9 %eep or goats pa/ure & wild fl[]s gr[ by ! million1 blue ones su* z lup9es1 g5tians1 fox-gloves & =get-me-nots2 yell[ ones su* z add]-tongues1 columb9es & a multitude ( />ry composite fl[]s2 ! r$ or orange ,indian pa9t bru%2 & :ite fl[]s innum]able4 ,y h rea*$ ! edge ( ! sn[ rapidly melt+ on a ,july day "u a sun t is hot ev5 on high m\nta9s4 ,! plants j fre$ f _! w9t] cov]+ are all bur/+ into bloom toge!r1 bees are humm+1 butt]flies lazily flutt] pa/ & a humm+ bird poises ov] a blossom2 = x is spr+ at ^! altitudes & !re is a :ole season's "w to be done1 se$s rip5$ & all1 be=e autumn comes 9 ,septemb] ) its sn[/orms bury+ all "u ! :ite sil5ce ( a n9e-mon?s w9t] aga94 ,x is a ?rill+ exp]i5ce to set foot at la/ on midsumm] sn[ sweep+ upw>ds1 gleam+ t[>d ! high] summits1 sn[ t nev] entirely melts & t is s dazzl+ 9 ! ,july sunlight t "o ne$s d>k or color$ glasses to avoid sn[ bl9dness if ! tramp is to be a long "o4 ,illu/ration ,,glaci] ,,on ,,presid5t ,,range1 ,,yoho ,,p>k ,we h no special ^w 9 ,engli% = ^! p]petual sn[ fields & s ! ,fr5* t]m ,n,v is commonly us$4 ,sn[l9e is n ne>ly s def9ite z timb]l9e & v>ies ) latitude1 exposure & sn[fall4 ,9 ! ea/]n ,rockies ( ,alb]ta1 :]e only a few feet fall 9 w9t]1 ! l9e is sc>cely bel[ #i1jjj feet2 :ile 9 ! we/]n ,selkirks1 :i* cat* ! full brunt ( ! ,pacific w9ds lad5 ) moi/ure & h a sn[fall ( #dj or #ej feet 9 a ye>1 sn[l9e is depress$ almo/ to timb]l9e1 ab\t #g1ejj feet4 ,?is acc\nts = ! b>5ess ( ! ea/]n ,rockies z comp>$ ) ! spl5did ,alp9e features ( ! ,selkirk range1 :i* is ! l[] ( ! two4 ,:ile "o gazes entranc$ at ! array ( lakes & valleys1 ( sn[fields & d>k cliffs1 ! w9d rises & m\nta9s to ! we/ put on a cap ( cl\d4 ,?is gr[s & d>k5s & pres5tly a mantle ( mi/ sweeps up ) ! w9d1 ! sun is dimm$ & 9 a few m9utes ! wide _w is %ut out by a blizz>d4 ,we mu/ make our way d[n to l[] levels :]e sleet :it5s ! clos+ fl[]s1 & !n ?r\gh a belt ( ra9 swept hillside into ! valley :]e ! sun may /ill be %9+ hotly4 ,s9ce sn[ falls e mon? 9 ! ye> on ! nv fields & nev] melts away "o might expect ! m\nta9s1 especially ! ,selkirks1 to gr[ z sn[heaps into ! sky2 b ( c\rse ?is does n take place4 ,"u ! increas+ load ( sn[ ! l[] b$s are compress$ into ice2 s t ! nv1 beg9n+ z loose or h>d drift$ sn[ above passes d[nw>ds into ice b&$ ) blue & :ite lay]s1 ! :ole sometimes hundr$s ( feet 9 ?ickness4 ,! sn[ accumulates only on ! g5tl] slopes or 9 ! high] valleys4 ,on cliffs x _c lodge b piles ^u ! nv b5ea?2 & on /eep slopes x may lie = a "t b n[ & !n1 especially t[>d spr+1 x breaks loose & ?und]s d[n into ! valley z an avalan*e4 ,! ,motion ( ,glaci]s4 ,! f9al disposal ( ! sn[field1 turn$ to ice 9 its l[] p>ts1 comes by a sl[ creep d[nw>ds4 ,t ! nv is actually 9 motion c be se5 by foll[+ ! slope ( sn[ to its upp] edge aga9/ "s m\nta9 wall :]e a 8,,b]gs*rund0 g5]ally yawns betwe5 ! sn[field & ! cliff4 ,?is may be sev]al feet wide1 & may g d[n _m feet to obscure dep?s4 ,no am\nt ( sn[ fall c fill ! *asm p]man5tly1 ?\gh x may be bridg$ ) fre% sn[ = a "t1 mak+ a risky passage = ! climb]4 ,illu/ration ,,cav]n ,,on ,,illecillewaet ,,glaci] ,illu/ration ,,sn\t ,,or ,,=efoot ,,( ,,robson ,,glaci]1 ,,jasp] ,,p>k ,! nv is always pull+ away f ! rocks at its upp] bord]1 & its g5]al motion foll[s ! direction ( ! l[e/ depression b5ea?1 f9ally ext5d+ bel[ sn[l9e z a tongue ( ice :i* rea*es d[n into ! valley until x is melt$ by ! increas+ w>m? ( ! l[] levels4 ,?us a glaci] is born4 ,unless :it5$ by rec5t /orms ! glaci] is b>e ( sn[ 9 summ] ) a r\gh unev5 surface ( a dirty blue gre5 color1 p>tly cov]$ ) rocky debris1 & its volume dim9i%es d[nw>d by ?aw+ until at a def9ite po9t ! :ole is melt$ & fl[s away z a riv] ( wat] in/ead ( ice4 ,! l[] end is sometimes call$ ! 8tongue0 or 8sn\t0 or 8foot0 ( ! glaci]--a bad case ( mix$ metaphors4 ,illu/ration ,,crevasse ,,on ,,great ,,glaci] ,rememb]+ t ice is a h>d & brittle solid1 x comes z a surprise to f9d t x c fl[ l a pla/ic body "u ! pull ( gravity2 b ?is c be easily prov$4 ,a r[ ( /akes or ( metal plates put across a glaci] gradually gets out ( l9e1 ! middle p>ts mov+ fa/e/ z 9 a riv]2 b ! motion is v sl[1 ev5 9 ! middle1 seldom m ?an a few in*es a day 9 our m\nta9 glaci]s1 ?\gh "s ( ! great ,alaskan & ,gre5l& glaci]s are report$ to move sev]al feet a day & 9 "o or two cases z mu* z #fj or #gj feet4 ,illu/ration ,,m\l9 7,,9 ,,morn+ ,,be=e ,,?aw ,,beg9s7 ,,robson ,,glaci] ,illu/ration ,,mora9e ,,( ,,victoria ,,glaci] ,at a sudd5 desc5t1 :]e a riv] w\ld leap z a wat]fall1 a glaci] simply breaks across 9 :at are call$ 8,,crevasses10 fissures :i* may be sev]al feet wide & hundr$s ( feet long1 go+ d[n to blue black dep?s appall+ to ! inexp]i5c$ climb]4 ,z ! glaci] advances ^! crevasse are b5t out ( %ape & may be cross$ by fre% crevasses1 splitt+ up ! ice into wild lumps & p9nacles call$ 8,,s]acs40 ,se5 f a di/ance across "s valley su* an ice fall looks l a cascade or a viol5t rapid cov]$ ) break]s4 ,bel[ ^! /eep desc5ts ! crevasses & s]acs disappe> by ! pressure ( ! mov+ ice & ! glaci] becomes a solid mass aga94 ,small glaci]s hang+ f cliffs may s5d d[n avalan*es ( ice :i* comb9e to make a l[] glaci]1 ! masses be+ weld$ toge!r once m4 ,x is evid5t t "o cause ( glaci] motion is ! p[] :i* ice has to break & !n to freeze toge!r aga94 ,illu/ration ,,glaci] ,,table1 ,,ne> ,,t5 ,,peaks1 ,,rocky ,,m\nta9s ,,p>k ,illu/ration ,,lake ,,agnes1 ,a ,,good ,,example ,,( ,a ,,cirque ,,lake ,s9ce glaci]s are (t5 ! easie/ way up a m\nta91 climb+ p>ties make use ( !m1 />t+ at dawn s z to h a long day & foll[+ up ! r\gh & rigid slope1 zigzagg+ r\nd crevasses & avoid+ regions ( s]acs4 ,t[>d ! upp] end !re may be fre% sn[ bridg+ ! crevasses & ! p>ty %\ld be rop$ toge!r & travel 9 s+le file1 ! lead+ guide ?ru/+ 8 ice axe into ! sn[ at e /ep to make sure ( safe go+4 ,a fall into a crevasse :5 unrop$ may be fatal4 ,sev5te5 ye>s ago1 :ile climb+ ,mt4 ,gordon nor? ( lake ,l\ise1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,s4 ,?ompson slipp$ #fj feet into a crevasse :]e he 0 w$g$ 9 betwe5 ! n>r[+ walls4 ,dr4 ,collie 0 l[]$ to rescue him1 & he 0 f9ally pull$ out by a glaci] rope fa/5$ r\nd 8 arms1 b x 0 a n>r[ escape4 ,:5 ! sun %9es w>mly on ! glaci] melt+ beg9s & wat] trickles d[n ! ice ridges1 & t[>ds aft]noon torr5ts ( pale blue wat] are rac+ d[nw>ds 9 ice *annels1 "h & !re plung+ into a crevasse4 ,?is becomes holl[$ into a tube l ! p5/ock ( a wat] p[] & ! foamy torr5t spr++ into ! blue *asm is call$ a 8m\l910 or mill4 ,9 ?is way ! wat]s ?aw$ f ! surface rea* ! bottom & !re ro> along ?r\gh an ice tunnel to ! end ( ! glaci]1 bur/+ into daylight z a full fl$g$ riv]4 ,glacial /reams are caprici\s4 ,on a fro/y morn+ sc>cely any wat] fl[s & "o c g f> into ! ice cave1 b 9 ! late aft]noon !re is a rag+ torr5t load$ ) mud & /ones spread+ into half a doz5 *annels on ! broad flood gr\nd4 ,on a ra9y or sn[y day :5 ! sun is hidd51 ! glacial riv] almo/ goes out ( bus9ess1 b comes to life aga9 :5 ! cl\ds vani% & ! sun %9es4 ,at ^? heights ) a cle> sky ! heat ( ! sun may be int5se ?\gh x is freez+ a few feet away :]e "s rock ca/s a %ad[4 ,! ,"w ( ,glaci]s4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ po9ts 9 a glaci] is its c>ry+ p[]4 ,?\gh x is 9 motion l a pla/ic sub/ance x is solid & /rong en\gh to support any weight load$ ^u x4 ,debris qu>ri$ by fro/ f ! m\nta9 side buries its edge s t (t5 "o may walk #ej y>ds out be=e ! ice c be se54 ,?is fr+e ( brok5 rock c>ri$ on ! edge ( ! glaci] is call$ a m>g9al mora9e4 ,:5 two glaci]s jo91 ! m>g9al mora9es betwe5 !m unite to =m a m$ial mora9e1 & :5 sev]al tribut>ies comb9e to make a l>ge glaci] ! d>k l9es ( ! m$ial mora9es c be foll[$ by ! eye = long di/ances upw>ds to rocky peaks ris+ out ( ! nv1 ! s\rce f :i* ! tra9 ( rocks 0 d]iv$4 ,blocks ev5 z l>ge z cottages n[ & !n roll d[n ^u ! ice & are transport$ )\t tr\ble4 ,m$ium size blocks a few feet across call$ 8glaci] tables0 are left /&+ on p$e/als ( ice1 z ?aw+ goes on all r\nd !m1 s9ce !y protect ! ice b5ea? f ! sun4 ,! :ole mass ( /ony mat]ial is c>ri$ /eadily onw>ds until ! end is rea*$ :]e melt+ is complete & no m burd5s c be borne4 ,!n a t]m9al mora9e is pil$ up1 a /eep & rugg$ cresc5t ( loose blocks by no means easy to scramble ov]4 ,"w j z important is go+ on out ( sight b5ea? ! glaci]1 :]e fragm5ts ( /one froz5 into ! bottom ( ! ice =m tools = g\g+1 c>v+ & sc\r+ ! rocky floor1 bo? tools & rocks be+ gr\nd up into ! 8rock fl\r0 t makes ! glaci] /reams s milky & opaque4 ,! gr\nd up mat]ial mix$ ) /ones ( all %apes & sizes )\t any assortm5t is left beh9d :5 ! glaci] ?aws z 8b\ld] clay40 ,a little se>* 9 ?is clay %[s /ones ) poli%$ & /riat$ surfaces1 well worn tools1 (t5 call$ 8sol$ b\ld]s0 & ! rock surface b5ea? ! b\ld] clay is se5 to be r\nd$1 smoo!d & groov$ 9 a v /rik+ way4 ,! ,retreat ( ,glaci]s4 ,our glaci]s1 l ^? ( o!r c\ntries1 are n[ almo/ all 9 retreat1 ei!r because ! climate is sl[ly gr[+ w>m] s t ?aw+ goes on fa/] or because ! sn[fall is less5+ s t ! nv fields no long] fe$ ! glaci]s z sub/antially z be=e4 ,on ?is acc\nt "o c (t5 see sev]al t]m9al mora9es d[n ! valley bel[ ! "o n[ =m+4 ,! ne>e/ to ! pres5t end ( ! ice is almo/ b>e1 ! next1 a few hundr$ y>ds away1 may h bu%es gr[+ on x1 & o!rs a mile or two away may be cov]$ ) anci5t =e/4 ,= "s ye>s pa/ ! ,vaux family ( ,philadelphia1 two bro!rs & a si/]1 all admirable photograph]s1 h fix$ ! position ( ! end ( all accessible glaci]s by m>k+ po9ts & directions on rocks ne> by & by photograph+ ! sn\t ( ! glaci]4 ,?is "w det]m9es _! rate ( advance or recession f ye> to ye>1 & a record ( ! results is publi%$ 9 ! j\rnal ( ! ,alp9e ,club ( ,canada & else:]e4 ,illu/ration ,,lake ,,l\ise ,,& ,,victoria ,,glaci] ,glaci]s once fill$ all ! m\nta9 valleys & ev5 pu%$ out ?r\gh ! passes into ! prairies & ?r\gh ! fiords to ! sea1 = ev]y:]e "o f9ds b\ld] clay & mora9es & valleys ) ,u %ap$ cross sections t c only be acc\nt$ = by glacial action on a l>ge scale4 ,?is "w 0 done dur+ ! ,ice ,age1 & "o may truly say t ! high] m\nta9s are /ill 9 ! ,glacial ,p]iod4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful results ( =m] ice action is to be f\nd 9 ! 8cirques10 half ,kettle or arm *air valleys1 high up among ! m\nta9s ov]hang+ ! ma9 valleys & enclos$ by v]tical cliffs on all sides except 9 front4 ,^! are ! des]t$ ne/s ( cliff glaci]s1 holl[$ out by ! ice itself & (t5 deep5$ s t a turquoise blue lake lies )9 rock rims4 ,if n too high up ^! cirque lakes are surr\nd$ by ev]gre5 =e/1 beh9d :i* rise ! gray or purple walls ( rock ) "s sn[ 9 ! rav9es above1 ! :ole mirror$ 9 ! lake1 until "s catspaw ( breeze %att]s ! reflection4 ,lake ,agnes 9 ! m\nta9s beh9d lake ,l\ise is an easily rea*$ example ( a cirque bas91 & !re are hundr$s ( o!rs scatt]$ ?r\gh ! fa/nesses ( ! m\nta9s1 all gems 9 _! way1 _m n yet se5 by ! eye ( a :ite man4 ,! high] cirque lakes1 above timb]l9e1 enclos$ only by cliffs & sn[1 h an au/]e beauty ( _! own1 b lack ! graces & ! wild fl[]s ( _! si/]s bel[ 9 ! =e/ zone4 ,(t5 ! walls ( su* valleys are leap$ by /reams f "s melt+ sn[field fall+ hundr$s ( feet & rea*+ ! bottom z m]e ?reads ( spray4 ,glaci]s ,rea*$ by ! ,canadian ,pacific ,!re are v few p>ts ( ! _w :]e f9e glacial sc5]y c be f\nd s close to a great railway z 9 our m\nta9 p>ks4 ,if "o /ops at lake ,l\ise1 9 ,rocky ,m\nta9s ,p>k1 ! spl5did ,victoria glaci] is 9 view d\bl$ by reflection 9 its wat]s1 :i* get _! exquisite color f ! la/ rema9+ p>ticles ( mud br\ght d[n by ! glacial /ream4 ,two miles walk or ride along a good trail br+s "o into its pres5ce1 & (t5 great masses ( ice may be se5 avalan*+ d[n f cliff glaci]s above to ! surface ( ! l[] glaci]4 ,f lake ,l\ise z a c5tre "o c rea* ! well nam$ ,p>adise valley by t5 miles ride or drive ov] a good road & visit ! f9e ,horse%oe glaci] at its head4 ,! valley ( ! ,t5 ,peaks f>!r to ! s\!a/ requires a some:at long] ride or drive1 pass+ ! spl5did front ( ,mt4 ,temple1 ! highe/ summit 9 sight f ! railway 7#aa1fbf feet74 ,mora9e lake1 elev5 miles f lake ,l\ise lies ne> ! entrance ( ! valley b f>!r up c be se5 ! great ,w5k*emna glaci]1 & sev]al small glaci]s ly+ betwe5 ! ,t5 ,peaks4 ,beyond ! ,t5 ,peaks to ! s\? !re is a broad sn[field & glaci] lead+ ov] to ,prospector's valley & ,v]milion pass1 b = an excursion ( su* l5g? & difficulty "o %\ld be equipp$ = s]i\s climb+ & h a light camp outfit4 ,f any high po9t we/ ( lake ,l\ise "o c cat* glimpses ( a mu* l>g] sn[field t[>ds ! nor? ne> ,mts4 ,daly & ,balf\r1 b ! glaci]s fl[+ f x are n s easily rea*$ z ^? to ! s\? ( ! railway4 ,!re are glaci]s 9 sight dur+ mo/ ( ! desc5t by rail f ! summit ( ! pass ?r\gh ! wild ,kick+horse valley to ,field1 9 ! ,yoho ,p>k1 f :i* ! ,yoho valley may be visit$ ) ,yoho glaci] at its head4 ,desc5d+ beyond ?is into ! w>m dep?s ( ! ,columbia valley ! alp9e type ( sc5]y is lo/ = a "t4 ,z ! railway climbs labori\sly we/w>d out ( ! valley into ! ,selkirks1 ,glaci] ,p>k is ent]$4 ,"h ! sc5]y gr[s m /rik+ until at ,rog]s pass "o is once m surr\nd$ by sn[ peaks--hidd51 alas6 too (t5 by ! long sn[%$4 ,! five mile tunnel n[ be+ pi]c$ to avoid ! heavy grades ( ! pass w cut out _m a ravi%+ view ( sn[ peak & ice tongue2 b a /ay at ,glaci]1 j beyond ! pass1 gives an unrivall$ *ance to /udy a f9e glaci] ) ! lea/ possible tr\ble4 ,! ,illecillewaet or ,great glaci] is only a mile & a half f ,glaci] /ation & z its foot may be rea*$ ) v little climb+1 m travell]s visit x ?an any o!r glaci] 9 ,canada4 ,a climb to ,mt4 ,look\t j we/ ( ! glaci] gives a magnific5t view ov] ! ,illecillewaet glaci] & nv & ov] ! gr& m\nta9s surr\nd+ x4 ,?is region 0 ! fir/ "p ( our sn[y m\nta9s to be c>efully explor$ & mapp$ by a skilful climb]4 ,! ,rev4 ,w4 ,spotswood ,gre5 made ,glaci] 8 headqu>t]s = ?is "w 9 #ahhh & publi%$ 8 int]e/+ book 8,among ! ,selkirk ,glaci]s0 9 #ahij4 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,illecillewaet ,,or ,,great ,,glaci]1 ,,glaci] ,,p>k ,!re are /ill f9] sn[fields & glaci]s 9 ! little explor$ region to ! nor? ar\nd ,mt4 ,sir ,s&=d1 ! highe/ po9t 9 ! range 7#aa1fcd feet71 ?\gh ^! are out ( rea* = ! pres5t2 b any ( ! high] peaks ne> ,glaci] give a m>vell\s view ov] a wild]ness ( sn[ & ice brok5 by cliffs too /eep = sn[ to lie4 ,illu/ration ,,crevasses1 ,,glaci] ,,s\!a/ ,,( ,,t5 ,,peaks ,"s ( ! l[] po9ts ( ! ,selkirks1 j we/ ( ! ,columbia valley1 n m ?an #g1jjj or #h1jjj feet 9 height1 face ! opposite ,rocky m\nta9s ) #ajj or m glaci]s 9 sight at once1 ! view beyond ! wide & deep valley sweep+ #aej miles ( ! ma9 *a9 on its sn[y we/]n side4 ,un=tunately up to ! pres5t no pa? has be5 made to su* a look\t po9t1 & ! d5se =e/ makes ! asc5t difficult4 ,! greate/ nv 9 ,canada1 s f> z kn[n1 is ! ,columbia sn[field cov]+ #ajj squ>e miles & s5d+ tongues ( ice d[n into a doz5 valleys1 b ?is is #hj miles nor?we/ ( ,lake ,l\ise & c only be visit$ ) a camp outfit & packtra94 ,its nor!rn limit w be )9 new b\nd>ies ( ,jasp] ,p>k & "s day a good road w lead ?r\gh ! m\nta9s pa/ ?is spl5did glaci] region f ! ,gr& ,trunk ,pacific to ! ,canadian ,pacific op5+ up to ! public ! f9e/ glacial playgr\nd 9 ,canada4 ,! ,robson ,region4 ,! beauties ( ! ,l\ise1 ,field & ,glaci] regions on ! ,canadian ,pacific are well kn[n to ! public & h be5 se5 by ?\s&s b ! exce$+ly impressive glacial surr\nd+s ( ,mt4 ,robson ne> ! ,yell[head ,pass on ! ,gr& ,trunk ,pacific h s f> be5 little visit$4 ,mt4 ,robson1 ris+ #ac1jhg feet above ! sea1 ! highe/ po9t 9 ! ,canadian ,rockies1 is invisible f ! pass itself1 hidd5 by ! ne>] ,ra9b[ m\nta9s b bur/s ^u ! view :]e ,gr& ,=ks riv] ent]s ! ,fras]4 ,only a few miles away at ! head ( ! l[ valley its trem5d\s cliffs1 mo/ly too /eep = sn[ to lie1 rise = #aj1jjj feet1 cr[n$ ) a sn[y pyramid4 ,a trail leads up ! ,gr& ,=ks ?r\gh ! valley ( a ,?\s& ,falls :]e ! ma9 riv] tumbles #a1ejj feet 9 a wild canyon & rea*es ! re> side ( ,m\nt ,robson #e1gjj feet above ! sea4 ,f "s l[ m\nta9s to ! nor?we/ !re is p]haps ! mo/ spl5did view 9 ,nor? ,am]ica ( m\nta9s1 glaci]s & lakes4 ,! blue s]acs ( ! ,tumbl+ glaci] seem to be ru%+ d[n ?\s&s ( feet f ! ,helmet & ! ma9 peak ( ,robson to plunge into ,b]g lake1 :i* d\bles !m by reflection4 ,to ! left ! ma9 glaci]1 />t+ 9 great icefalls on ! nor!a/ ( ! peak1 sweeps a curve ( five or six miles r\nd ! d>k rocks ( ! ,re>gu>d4 ,beh9d ! ma9 glaci] t[>d ! s\? rises ! unbrok5 sn[ slope ( ,mt4 ,respl5d5t end+ ) a project+ cornice ( sn[ at #aa1jjj feet4 ,illu/ration ,,crevasse1 ,,robson ,,glaci] ,! wat] com+ f ! ice caves ( ! ma9 glaci] fl[s *iefly into ,b]g lake & ! ,gr& ,=ks1 b a small] "p rea*es lake ,adophus & ,smoky riv]1 a tribut>y ( ! ,mack5zie riv]1 ! same glaci] s5d+ tribute to ! ,arctic & ! ,pacific ,oceans4 ,!re are o!r /rik+ m\nta9s 9 ! region1 su* z ,mt4 ,geikie to ! s\? ( ! ,yell[head pass & ! ,:itehorn to ! nor?1 ?\gh none rival ,mt4 ,robson itself2 b mu* rema9s = exploration & x w be ye>s be=e ?is nor!rn region ( ! ,rockies1 all ! ,alb]ta side ( :i* is 9 ,jasp] ,p>k1 is ?or\ghly kn[n & mapp$4 ,trails are be+ rapidly built 9 ! p>k1 h[ev]1 & ) ! erection ( hotels at ,jasp] & o!r po9ts x w soon be possible = ! alp9e climb] & ! t\ri/ to f9d easy access to ?is delightful region4 ,"s ,comp>isons4 ,mu* ( ! exploration ( ! ,canadian ,rockies & ,selkirks has be5 done by ,engli%m5 & ea/]n ,am]icans :o receiv$ _! tra9+ z m\nta9e]s 9 ! ,alps1 & "o naturally asks :y !y %\ld travel ?\s&s ( miles to our we/]n m\nta9s :5 ! ,alps are s mu* m accessible4 ,!re is1 ( c\rse1 ! *>m ( a virg9 & unexplor$ wild]ness 9 our ,rockies & ,selkirks1 s s$uctive to "o :o loves adv5ture2 b !re are o!r attractions z well :i* make our m\nta9s fully ! equal ( ! fam\s ,european range4 ,e type ( ,alp9e sc5]y is z well illu/rat$ 9 ,canada z 9 ,switz]l& & ! area ( sn[ m\nta9s 9 ,alb]ta & ,briti% ,columbia is sev]al times t ( ! ,alps4 ,! :ole l5g? ( ! ,alps is less ?an #djj miles & its bread? f #ej to #hj2 z comp>$ ) a l5g? ( #a1bjj miles & a bread? ( #adj miles = ! ,rockies & ,selkirks1 n to m5tion ! ,gold ranges1 ! ,coa/ range & ! ,vanc\v] ,isl& m\nta9s1 all ( :i* h _! sn[ fields & glaci]s4 ,/uttfield & ,collie 9 _! delightful book 8,climbs & ,explorations 9 ! ,canadian ,rockies0 say ( ! ,rockies t 8!y h a rem>kable individuality & "* 9 addition to special beauties ( _! own :i* ,switz]l& _c rival40 ,illu/ration ,,glacial ,,/ream1 ,,mt4 ,,robson1 ,,divid+ ,,its ,,wat]s ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,pacific ,,& ,,arctic ,,oceans ,illu/ration ,,ice ,,bridge ,,on ,,illecillewaet ,,glaci] ,?\gh !re are high] m\nta9s 9 ! ,rockies ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !y rise f a dry & l(ty tablel& & mo/ ( !m h little sn[ & no glaci]s4 ,b = ! r[ ( ext9ct volcanoes beg9n+ ) ,mt4 ,bak]1 ,mt4 ,ra9i] & ,mt4 ,%a/a1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates has v little truly alp9e sc5]y except :]e our ,rocky m\nta9 ranges ext5d = a degree or two s\? ( ! b\nd>y4 ,a great _m ( ! m\nta9 climb]s ( ! ea/]n /ates come to ,alb]ta or ,briti% ,columbia :5 !y want to use an ice axe or a glaci] rope & mo/ ( _! exp]i5c$ climb]s are memb]s ( ! ,alp9e ,club ( ,canada4 ,canadians !mselves are (t5 n aw>e ( ! spl5did sc5]y & ! unsurpass$ opportunities = climb+ ( all grades ( difficulty (f]$ by _! own m\nta9s4 ,!re is no m exhil>at+ sport ?an t ( ! m\nta9e]1 & !re is no m int]e/+ region = ! geologi/1 ! botani/ or ! zoologi/ ?an ! gr& ranges ( m\nta9s t run p>allel to ! ,pacific 9 our we/]n t]ritory4 ,:ile t\ri/s f all ov] ! _w are be+ attract$ m & m to our glori\s alp9e region x is especially important t our own p %\ld seek a delightful holiday & ga9 heal? & vigor 9 our m\nta9 p>ks4 ,z good roads & trails & cab9s = %elt] are ext5d$ to ! wild] & m impressive p>ts ( ! m\nta9s x becomes easi] = ! ord9>y visitor to /udy ! sublimities ( valleys1 glaci]s & m\nta9 peaks once out ( rea* )\t an exp5sive camp equipm5t4 ,a few good ,swiss guides are available at ! m important c5tres 9 ! m\nta9s & ! inexp]i5c$ climb] %\ld n und]take any difficult glaci] "w nor bad rock climb+ )\t ! aid ( a guide4 ,!re is ( c\rse a wide range ( less difficult walks & climbs t br+s "o )\t risk into ! he>t ( ! m\nta9s :]e "o may /udy ! ways by :i* sn[fields & glaci]s & glacial riv]s d _! "w ( %ap+ ! m\nta9s4 ,illu/ration ,a4 ,p4 ,coleman 9 8,! ,canadian ,rockies0 ,if "o halts by *ance any:]e on a m\nta9 pass1 all sorts ( ?rill+ ?+s are go+ on ar\nd4 ,lovely fl[]s are op5+ eag]ly to ! sun & w9d ( ,spr+--9 mid ,augu/1 ) ,septemb] sn[s j at h&1 a :ole ye>'s "w ( blossom & se$ to be accompli%$ be=e ! t5 mon?s' w9t] ,sleep beg9s4 ,bees are tumbl+ ov] !m intoxicat$ ) honey & ! joy ( life :ile x is summ]4 ,ev5 ! humm+-birds1 ) jewels on _! brea/s z if /raight f ! tropics1 are n afraid to skim up ! m\nta9 sides1 poise ov] a bun* ( :ite hea!r1 & pass ) a fla% f fl[] to fl[]4 ,! m>mots ) ald]manic ve/s are :i/l+ & 8mak+ hay :ile ! sun %9es10 & "o may see _! bundles ( *oice h]bs spread on a flat /one to dry1 :ile ! little /rip$ goph]s are busy too4 ,"t en\gh to re/ 9 ! w9t]4 ,ev]y?+ full ( bu/le & ha/e & ( joy1 :at c\ld be m inspir+ ?an ! fl[]y mead[s above tree-l9e :5 ! w>m sun %9es 9 ! six weeks ( summ]6 ,! full spl5d\r & ec/acy ( a :ole ye>'s life pil$ into six weeks aft] ! sn[ has ?aw$ & be=e x falls aga96 ,high] up ev5 ! sn[ itself is alive ) ! r$ sn[ plant & ! black glaci] flea1 l ! re/ ( ! _w mak+ ! mo/ ( summ]2 & z y take y\r way across ! sn[ to ! m\nta9 top1 :at a wond]ful _w op5s out6 ,h[ /rangely ! _w has be5 built1 b$ aft] b$ ( lime/one or slate or qu>tzite1 pale grey or pale gre5 or d>k r$ or purple1 built into ca!drals or ca/les1 or crumpl$ l color$ clo?s f ! rag-bag1 squeez$ toge!r into ar*es & tr\ghs1 into ,v's & ,s's & ,m's t5 miles long & two miles high2 or else %eets ( rock tw5ty ?\s& feet ?ick h be5 slic$ into blocks & tilt$ up to play leap-frog ) "o ano!r4 ,& !n ! sculptur+ t is go+ on6 ,"o is "r 9 ! mid/ ( ! work%op bu/le :]e m\nta9s are be+ c>v$ into p9nacles1 magnific5t ca!dral doors t nev] op51 t[]s t nev] _h a keep]--all be+ %ap$ be=e "o's eyes out ( ! mighty b$s & blocks ( lime/one & qu>tzite t 7 once ! sea bottom4 ,y c wat* ! tools at "w1 ! *isel & g\ge1 ! file & ! s&pap]4 ,all ! workm5 are h>d at x ?is spr+ morn+ 9 ,augu/2 ! qu>ryman ,fro/ has be5 busy ov] night1 z y he> f ! ?und] ( big blocks qu>ri$ f ! cliffs across ! valley2 !re is a dazzl+ gleam on ! moi/1 poli%$ rock :i* craftsman ,glaci] has j h&$ ov] to ! daylight2 & y c wat* h[ recklessly ! wat]fall is cutt+ its way d[n1 slic+ ! great banks ( rock ) canyons6 ,x is inspir+ to visit ! m\nta9s any day 9 ! ye>1 b especially s 9 ! ,july & ,augu/ spr+time :5 a fre% />t is made1 & plants1 animals1 pati5t glaci]s1 hu/l+ torr5ts1 ro>+ riv]s1 %9+ lakes are all h>d at "w r\gh hew+ or putt+ f9i%+ t\*es on an ev]new _w4 99 99 99 99 99 99 8,f ! physical geograph]'s po9t ( view1 e feature ( ! ,alps has its c\nt]p>t some:]e 9 ! ,rockies2 folds & faults & tilt$ /rata are c>v$ into an inf9itude ( %apes1 includ+ risky peaks & aiguilles2 sn[ & ice are pres5t 9 e =m1 smoo? & easy or torn ) blue crevasses & spl9t]$ into d>+ s]acs4 ,!re is e v>iety ( /ream at "w1 cle> or muddy1 g5tle or furi\s1 includ+ mu* l>g] riv]s 9 mu* long] valleys ?an any 9 ! ,alps4 ,small lakes are f> m num]\s & beautiful4 ,e elem5t ( int]e/ & beauty on ! physical side is z well develop$ some:]e 9 ! ,rockies z x is 9 ! ,alps b f my own obs]vation ,i may sugge/ t (t5 ! ,alp9e m\nta9 gr\p is bett] pos$1 ! picture bett] compos$ f ! po9t ( view ( ! behold]1 ?an 9 ! ,rockies4 ,! reason = ?is is ,i believe1 l>gely "o ( area4 ,! comp>atively small mass ( ! ,alps is m /atuesque & m easily se5 f ! prop] po9t ( view ?an any "p ( ! ,cordill]an region1 :i* sprawls ov] a hundr$ ?\s& squ>e miles4 ,?is seem+ lack ( focus & conc5tration ( dramatic po9ts seems to me ! greate/ defect ( ! ,rockies z comp>$ ) ! ,alps4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is a cleanness & virg9ity1 an exquisite lonel9ess ab\t _m ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 peaks & valleys t has a peculi> *>m4 ,!re is ! feel+ ( hav+ made a new discov]y1 ( hav+ caught ,nature unaw>es at h] "w ( creation1 z "o turns (f f a sc>cely-beat5 r\te into "o nev] trodd5 at all by ! feet ( :ite m52 & ?is exp]i5ce may be _h 9 a ?\s& valleys among ! ,rockies40 ,illu/ration ,five ,great ,glaci]s 9 ! ,canadian ,national ,p>ks ,by ,a4 ,o4 ,:eel] ,director ,alp9e ,club ( ,canada ,yoho ,glaci]4 ,! ,yoho glaci] is situat$ at ! head ( ! ,yoho valley & is ( v spectacul> appe>ance4 ,x pres5ts a magnific5t cascade ( brok5 ice fall+ into ! valley a long way bel[ timb] l9e & ! =e/ is se5 ?ickly clo?+ ! heights f> above x4 ,! glaci] is ( ! alp9e type4 ,x has its orig9 9 ! ,wapta icefield1 a wide sn[ cov]$ tract ( ice ) an area ( "s tw5ty-five squ>e miles1 & af=ds "o ( ! pr9cipal ov]fl[s t ma9ta9 ! ye>ly accumulation ( sn[ on ?is great bas9 at a con/ant level4 ,! glaci] pres5ts a spl5did opportunity = /udy & obs]vation4 ,x is readily accessible by ! pony trails t trav]se ! valley & c be rea*$ 9 a day f ei!r ,em]ald lake *alet or ! ,takakkaw falls summ] camp1 to bo? ( :i* places good driv+ roads are op5 f ! village ( ,field on ! ,c4,p4,r4 railway4 ,f glaci]s at ! summit ( ,balf\r pass1 ly+ "s two & a half miles ea/ ( ,yoho glaci]1 ,waves creek fl[s we/w>d & is ! ma9 s\rce ( ,yoho riv]4 ,until rec5tly ! b$ ( ,waves creek1 a deep1 n>r[ rock canyon1 lay1 at its t]m9al po9t1 b5ea? ! icefall ( ! ,yoho glaci] & !re jo9$ ) ! fl[ f x1 reappe>+ at ! nose ( ! glaci] z ! ,yoho riv]4 ,z a result ( ?is comb9ation1 dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 a v beautiful ice cave 0 =m$ at ! nose ( ! glaci]1 :i* 0 a s\rce ( mu* delight to visitors4 ,! ice1 h[ev]1 has be5 9 retreat = _m ye>s & has n[ gone back s f> t ! b$ ( ,waves creek is q cle> ( x & ! great ice ar* =m$ ye>ly by its torr5t is no long] se54 ,9 #aijf1 ! ,alp9e ,club ( ,canada1 ?r\gh ! writ]1 began obs]vations & measurem5ts ( ! fl[ & advance ( retreat ( ! ice4 ,su* obs]vations 7 c>ri$ on /eadily1 ye> by ye>1 until #aiai1 :51 ow+ to ! ice tongue hav+ %runk5 v greatly & hav+ become mu* crevass$1 !y 7 discont9u$4 ,dur+ ! p]iod ( twelve ye>s x has be5 f\nd by measurem5ts f m>k$ rocks t ! ice has rec$$ #cif feet2 also by means ( metal plates plac$ on ! surface ( ! =efoot ! movem5t ( :i* 0 annually measur$1 x 0 f\nd t ! mean av]age rate ( surface fl[ ( ! ice has be5 #cc in*es p] day = ! p]iod m5tion$4 ,! ,yoho glaci] is b "o half a doz5 t fl[ f ! ,wapta icefield1 & ! icefield itself "o ( _m su* wide sn[-fill$ bas9s t lie among ! cre/ ( ! ,ma9 ,range ( ! ,rocky m\nta9s & culm9ate 9 ! great ,columbia icefield ) an area ( #aaj squ>e miles ( ice & sn[1 rea*+ out ) num]\s ramifications & _m magnific5t ice-falls4 ,victoria ,glaci]4 ,! ,victoria glaci] is ( ! alp9e type1 t is1 has its orig9 9 ! sn[ t accumulates at ! summit ( ! ,abbot pass1 & is f$ by sn[ & ice avalan*+ f ! adjac5t slopes ( ,mts4 ,lefroy & ,victoria4 ,x fl[s 9 a n>r[ *annel betwe5 ! precipit\s sides ( ! two m\nta9s nam$1 :i* is kn[n z ! dea? ,trap1 ow+ to ! numb] ( avalan*es t are precipitat$ f side to side directly across its b$4 ,x is wise to make ! trav]se ( ?is "p ( ! glaci] dur+ ! e>ly morn+ h\rs be=e avalan*es beg9 to fall4 ,! altitude ( ! pass is #i1ehh feet above sea level4 ,! sn[ cov]$ "p ( ! glaci]1 or nv1 bel[ ! pass lies at an altitude ( ab\t #g1ejj feet4 ,! ,lefroy glaci] comes 9 z a tribut>y f ! s\!a/ f bel[ ! cliffs ( ,mt4 ,lefroy4 ,! l5g? ( ! ,victoria glaci] is ab\t #b miles4 ,! ,lefroy glaci] is ab\t #a mile 9 l5g?4 ,! comb9$ glaci]s fl[ d[n ! valley4 ,! =efoot or tongue ( ! glaci] is cov]$ by a ?ick v5e] ( rock detritus c>ri$ d[n by ! fl[ ( ! ice & fall5 f ! cliffs ( ,popes peak on ! we/ side1 & ,mt4 ,ab]de5 on ! ea/4 ,! ice t]m9ates at f #a to #b miles f ! end ( lake ,l\ise4 ,ow+ to ! close proximity ( ! glaci] to ,lake ,l\ise ,*teau1 ! ,c4,p4,r4 t\ri/ hotel1 & its easy access !refrom x is ( great int]e/ on acc\nt ( ! _m spectacul> features x pres5t & its unique sett+ ( cliffs & sn[ clad m\nta9s4 ,p>ticul>ly may be m5tion$ ! numb] ( avalan*es t ?und] into ,dea? ,trap daily & ! exhibit ( semi-circul> m>k+s1 kn[n z 8,=bes dirt b&s0 se5 on ! body ( ! ice opposite ! junction ) ! ,lefroy glaci]4 ,! ,victoria glaci] has be5 /eadily rec$+ = _m ye>s4 ,obs]vations c>ri$ on by ,george & ,william ,s4 ,vaux1 & lat] by ,miss ,m>y ,vaux ( ,philadelphia 7n[ ,mrs4 ,*>les ,walcott71 %[ t betwe5 #ahih & #aijc ! glaci] rec$$ ab\t #ag feet annually or ab\t #he feet = ! #e ye>s4 ,subsequ5t measurem5ts by ,miss ,vaux %[ t = ! ye> #aiji to #aiab ! ice rec$$ #dc feet4 ,! am\nt ( recession is small comp>$ ) t ( o!r glaci]s1 b a reason is f\nd 9 ! fact t ! :ole ice =efoot is ?ickly cov]$ ) a v5e] ( brok5 rock :i* protects x f ! sun's rays & r$uces ! melt+ process to a m9imum4 ,( late ye>s no measurem5ts h be5 made = advance or retreat ( ! ice b1 z all ! mo/ prom95t glaci]s ( ! ,canadian ,rockies are kn[n to be rec$+1 x is assum$ t ! same has be5 ! case ) ! ,victoria glaci]4 ,w5k*emna ,glaci]4 ,! ,w5k*emna glaci] lies at ! nor!rn base ( ! ,t5 ,peaks 9 ! valley ( ,mora9e lake4 ,! "n is ( ,si\x ,indian orig91 ,signify+ t51 & 0 giv5 to ! glaci] by ,mr4 ,s4 ,e4 ,s4 ,all51 an e>ly explor]1 9 relation to ! ,t5 ,peaks4 ,x is ( ! pi$mont type ( glaci]1 t is1 has its s\rce f a numb] ( comm5sal /reams ( ice1 f$ by sn[ fall+ ^u ! ea/]n slopes ( ! ,t5 ,peaks4 ,^! indep5d5t /reams desc5d to ! valley ( ,mora9e lake & are s close to "o ano!r t :5 !y rea* ! floor ( ! valley !y spread out lat]ally & jo9 toge!r1 =m+ a s+le glaci] ) a bread? ( ab\t ?ree miles & a l5g? ( f "o-half to "o mile4 ,its supply is ma9ta9$ by ! indep5d5t ice /reams ref]r$ to above4 ,glaci]s s =m$ are kn[n z ! 8pi$mont type40 ,! ,w5k*emna glaci] lies at an altitude betwe5 #f1djj feet & #g1ejj feet & ! ea/]nmo/ nose is ab\t #djj feet high] ?an t ( ! ,victoria glaci]4 ,no sy/ematic obs]vations ( ! ,w5k*emna glaci] h be5 made b x has be5 visit$ & photograph$ sev]al times by ,messrs4 ,william ,s4 & ,george ,vaux1 & ,miss ,vaux ( ,philadelphia4 ,_! obs]vations h %[n t ! glaci] has made an advance :ile all ! o!r glaci]s 9 ! di/rict h be5 9 retreat4 ,9 its advance1 x has encroa*$ on ! liv+ =e/ & has cru%$ & ?r[n d[n ! gre5 timb]4 ,its advance is probably due to ! fact t its surface is ?ickly cov]$ ) brok5 rock1 fall5 f ! precipit\s sides ( ! ,t5 ,peaks1 & ! melt+ ( ! ice has be5 less ?an ! accession x receives f ! ice /reams t fe$ x4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( sy/ematic obs]vations & measurem5ts x is n kn[n :e!r x is cont9u+ to advance1 is /ation>y or is 9 retreat4 ,l ! ,victoria glaci] x af=ds a feature ( v great int]e/ = obs]vation & sci5tific /udy1 ow+ to its easy access f ,lake ,l\ise ,*teau & ! summ] camp = visitors :i* is ma9ta9$ at ,mora9e lake close to ! glaci]4 ,illecillewaet ,glaci]4 ,! ,illecillewaet glaci] is commonly ref]r$ to z ! ,great glaci] ( ! ,selkirks1 al?\gh x is by no means ! l>ge/ "o4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! mo/ spectacul>1 & is se5 f ,glaci] ,h\se1 ! ,c4,p4,r4 ,hotel ne> ! railway summit ( ! range1 fall+ "s five ?\s& feet f skyl9e ( ! icefield 9 :i* x has its s\rce4 ,se5 f high up on ! opposite m\nta9 side1 x pres5ts a bird's-eye view t is unique & altoge!r entranc+4 ,! glaci] is ( ! alp9e type & is f$ by ! ov]fl[ f ! ,illecillewaet icefield1 :i* conta9s an area ( "s t5 squ>e miles4 ,! icefall is ( special int]e/1 ow+ to ! fact t x is situat$ ab\t "o & a half miles f ! hotel & is rea*$ by a delightful pony trail ?r\gh primeval =e/--=e/ pres5t+ a mo/ picturesque sett+ ( giant c$>1 hemlock & spruce trees1 &1 at _! base1 an imp5etrable tangle ( ?ick und]gr[?1 mid/ :i* ! _m-sp9$ devil's club repels ! w\ld-be explor] by its poison\s punctures4 ,?is b>ri] is ( semi-tropical luxuriance & is ju/ly fam\s 9 ! valleys ( ! ,selkirks4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 n )\t its attractions1 = ! wond]ful collection ( f]ns1 ! bright b]ries ( ! devil's club1 ! h&some :ite fl[]s ( ! wild rhodod5dron & ! lusci\s fruit ( ! huckleb]ry are mo/ allur+4 ,!re are two o!r special features = :i* ! ,illecillewaet glaci] is fam\s4 ,"o is ! l[ altitude at :i* ! nose ( ! ice-fall is f\nd1 #d1hjj feet1 :ile timb] l9e lies at #g1cjj feet2 consequ5tly ! ice ext5ds #b1ejj feet d[n into ! virg9 =e/4 ,! o!r is ! imm5se t]m9al mora9es1 consi/+ ( great blocks ( rock weigh+ hundr$s ( tons1 :i* are se5 across ! valley bel[ ! glaci]4 ,^! mora9es h be5 deposit$ by ! ice _m hundr$ ye>s ago & are n[ gr[n ) huge trees & o!r =e/ gr[?4 ,ow+ to _! appe>ance & ! frequ5t cave-l op5+s betwe5 blocks1 !y are ref]r$ to by ,dr4 ,%]z]1 9 8 treatise on ! subject1 z 8,be> ,d5 ,mora9es04 ,! ice has n[ retreat$ a long way f !m4 ,"s ye>s ago ! ,illecillewaet glaci] pres5t$ a f9e ice cave at its sn\t :i* 0 mu* visit$ by t\ri/s f ,glaci] ,h\se1 b ow+ to ! cont9u$ retreat & %r9kage to :i* ! icefall has be5 subject$ = _m ye>s1 x is n[ a feature ( ! pa/4 ,obs]vations & measurem5ts ( ! ice-fall 7 c>ri$ on dur+ a s]ies ( ye>s by ,messrs4 ,vaux & ,miss ,vaux 7,mrs4 ,*>les ,walcott7 ( ,philadelphia1 ! results ( :i* may be summ>iz$ z foll[s3 ,augu/ #ag?1 #ahih1 ! mo/ advanc$ po9t ( ! ice =efoot 0 #fj feet f a deeply imb$d$ m>k$ b\ld]4 ,on ,july #bd1 #aijf1 x 0 #cbg feet f ! same b\ld]4 ,on ! #ai? ,july1 #aiab1 ! ice 0 f\nd to h retreat$ #fae feet f ! b\ld]4 ,s9ce !n ! ice has rec$$ v consid]ably & ! =efoot %runk5 greatly 9 size & spectacul> appe>ances4 ,( late ye>s ! measurem5ts d n seem to h be5 cont9u$ & ! di/ance f ! b\ld] is n kn[n to ! writ]4 ,! av]age maximum surface fl[ ( ! ice =efoot dur+ ! p]iods #ahih to #aiab appe>s f ! obs]vations ref]r$ to above to h be5 approximately five in*es p] day4 ,directly above ! icefall t[]s ! ,selkirk giant1 ,mt4 ,sir ,donald1 #aj1hjh feet above sea level1 :i* furni%es "o ( ! mo/ attractive climbs ( ! region = m\nta9e]s4 ,f its summit is se5 a _w ( sn[y peaks1 widespread icefields1 tumbl+ glaci]s & w9d+ silv] /reams 9 ! dep?s ( d>kly =e/$ valleys fill$ ) violet haze4 ,asulkan ,glaci]4 ,tribut>y to ! valley ( ! ,illecillewaet glaci] is ! ,asulkan 7,wild ,goat7 valley1 :i* is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ beautiful specim5 ( a m\nta9 valley trav]s$ by a ru%+ glaci] torr5t1 t c be f\nd4 ,on ei!r h& are t[]+ m\nta9 slopes & precipices1 exalt$ rock l$ges f :i* spectacul> wat]falls leap f great heights1 ov]hang+ sn[ cre/s :i* (t5 s5d ro>+ avalan*es sweep+ all be=e !m into ! valley bel[ & f> up ! opposite side4 ,at ! head ( ! valley lies ! ,asulkan glaci]4 ,x is ( ! pi$mont type1 creat$ by ?ree comm5sal /reams ( ice4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,%]z]1 x is n[ 9 its second *ildhood4 ,! pi$mont *>act]i/ics are disappe>+ & ! glaci] resolv+ itself into ! orig9al glaci]s ( alp9e type :i* gave rise to x4 ,x is easy ( access f ,glaci] ,h\se1 & ( great int]e/ to obs]v]s4 ,x has its *ief s\rce 9 ! ,asulkan icefield1 :i* leads to a sn[ cre/ or col1 kn[n z ! ,asulkan pass4 ,on ! opposite side ( ! pass a /eep desc5t br+s "o to ! ice /ream ( ! ,geikie glaci]1 ! s\!rn ov]fl[ ( ! ,illecillewaet icefield4 ,beyond1 lies ! /eep icefall ( ! ,dawson glaci] & ,mts4 ,dawson & ,selwyn1 ov] #aa1jjj feet above sea level4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,asulkan glaci]1 also1 obs]vations & measurem5ts 7 c>ri$ on by ,messrs4 ,vaux & ,miss ,vaux4 ,on ,augu/ #ab1 #ahii1 a rock 9 l9e ) ! f>!/ advanc$ ice ( ! =efoot 0 m>k$4 ,on ,augu/ #h1 #aijj1 ! ice _h rec$$ #bd feet4 ,on ,augu/ #f1 #aija1 ! ice _h advanc$ #cf feet4 ,on ,july #bc1 #aijf1 ! ice 0 aga9 9 l9e ) ! rock2 t is 9 ! same position z 9 #ahii4 ,subsequ5t obs]vations by ,miss ,vaux %[ t betwe5 ,augu/ #bj1 #aiji1 & ,july #bg1 #aiab1 ! ice _h retreat$ #bei feet f ! m>k$ rock4 ,dur+ ! int]val ! obs]vations on ,augu/ #i1 #aiaa1 %[ t ! ice _h aga9 advanc$ #ea feet4 ,no measurem5ts made s9ce t date h come to ! k ( ! writ]4 ,illu/ration ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,"s palpable typographical errors 7 correct$4 --,copyright & publi%]'s in=mation 0 includ$ f ! pr9t$ copy3 ?is e,book is public doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication4