,note3 ,images of the original pages are
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,archive_/,american ,libraries4 ,see    
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athersbu#ahgf;arch      ,transcriber's  
note3          ,text enclosed by        
underscores is in italics 7italics74    
,small capitals have been replaced by   
full capitals4            ,,about ,,my  
,,father',s ,,business4      7,the      
,rights of ,translation and of          
,reproduction are ,reserved47           
,,about ,,my ,,father',s ,,business     
,work ,amidst the ,sick1 the ,sad1 and  
the ,sorrowing    by    ,,thomas        
,,archer    ,author of  ,strange ,work1 
,a ,fool's ,paradise1 ,the ,terrible    
,sights of ,london1  ,the ,pauper1 ,the 
,thief1 and the ,convict1 etc41 etc4    
,henry ,s4 ,king  ,co4  #ahgf           
,,contents4                             
,,page     ,,the ,,rarity ,,of          
,,christian ,,charity                   
#a     ,,with ,,the ,,children ,,of     
,,the ,,stranger                        

#i     ,,with ,,the ,,children',s       
,,children                              
#ah     ,,with ,,the ,,stranger ,,in ,a 
,,strange ,,land                        
#cd     ,,with ,,those ,,who ,,are      
,,left ,,desolate                       
#dd     ,,with ,,them ,,that ,,go ,,down
 ,,to ,,the ,,sea ,,in ,,ships          
#ec     ,,with ,,them ,,who ,,were      
,,ready ,,to ,,perish                   
#fb     ,,casting ,,bread ,,upon ,,the  
,,waters                                
#gd     ,,with ,,the ,,feeble ,,and     
,,faint-,,hearted                       
#hd     ,,with ,,the ,,little ,,ones    
#ajj     ,,in ,,the ,,kingdom           
#aab     ,,with ,,lost ,,lambs          
#abe     ,,with ,,the ,,sick            
#ace     ,,blessing ,,the ,,little      
,,children                              
#add     ,,with ,,them ,,that ,,faint   
,,by ,,the ,,way                        
#aeg     ,,in ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,the 
,,shadow ,,of ,,death                   
#afe     ,,with ,,the ,,halt ,,and ,,the

 ,,lame                                 
#agh     ,,with ,,them ,,who ,,have     
,,not ,,where ,,to ,,lay ,,their ,,heads
           #aij     ,,taking ,,in       
,,strangers                             
#bjj     ,,feeding ,,the ,,multitude    
#bji     ,,giving ,,rest ,,to ,,the     
,,weary                                 
#bbj     ,,with ,,the ,,poor ,,and      
,,needy                                 
#bbg     ,,giving ,,the ,,feeble        
,,strength                              
#bdh     ,,healing ,,the ,,sick         
#bfa     ,,with ,,the ,,prisoner        
#bgc          ,,about ,,my ,,father',s  
,,business4          ,,the ,,rarity ,,of
 ,,christian ,,charity4      ,would it  
not be useful to ask ourselves the      
question whether we are  forgetting the 
true meaning of charity in the constant 
endeavour to  take advantage of         
organized benevolent institutions1 about
 the actual  working of which we concern
 ourselves very little8 ,as the years go
 on1  and what we call civilisation     

advances1 are we or are we not losing   
sight of our neighbour in a long vista  
of vicarious benefactions1  bestowed    
through the medium of a subscription    
list1 or casual  contributions at an    
anniversary festival8    ,at the        
speeches that are made on such          
occasions1 when the banquet is  over1   
and the reading of the amounts          
subscribed is accompanied by the        
cracking of nuts and a crescendo or     
decrescendo of applause1 in  proportion 
to the liberality of the donors1 we are 
so frequently  reminded of the good     
,samaritan1 that we begin to feel that  
we may  claim some kind of relationship 
to him2 and may shake our heads with    
solemn sorrow at the inexcusable conduct
 of the priest and the ,levite4  ,it    
would be worth while1 however1 to ask   
ourselves whether we quite come  up to  
the mark of him who1 finding the man    
wounded and helpless by the  wayside1   
dismounted that he might convey the     
sufferer to the nearest  inn2 poured out

 oil for his wounds and wine for his    
cheer2 left him with  money in hand for 
the supply of his immediate needs2 and  
did not  scruple--with a robust and     
secure honesty--even to get into debt on
 his  behalf3 since the crown of        
good-will would be the coming again to  
learn  of the patient's welfare4 ,the   
debt was a pledge of the intention4     
,that was the ,lord ,christ's way of    
looking at charitable responsibility1   
and at benevolent effort2 and even      
granting that ,he illustrated the       
answer to the question1 ,who is my      
neighbour8 by an extreme case of  sudden
 distress1 the longer we look at the    
peculiar needs of the man who  was on   
his way from ,jerusalem to ,jericho1 the
 more perhaps we shall be  convinced    
that there are greater1 far greater     
evils1 and more terrible  accidents1    
than to fall among thieves1 who         
temporarily rob1 strip1 and  disable    
their victim4    ,the present fashion of
 dealing with such an unfortunate       

traveller would  very much depend on    
which particular class of               
philanthropists the modern  ,samaritan  
who found him by the road-side happened 
to belong to4    ,of course1 it would be
 a scandal to our ,christianity to      
follow either  priest or ,levite1       
although our cowardly sympathies might  
lie between the  two2 so1 in order to   
make all safe1 we hit on a compromise1  
and1  according to our circumstances1   
try to find a medium line of conduct    
between ,samaritan and ,levite1 or      
,samaritan and priest4 ,we are ashamed  
to  pass on without doing something1 and
 so we call at the inn on our way1  and 
leave the twopence there1 in case       
anybody else should think fit to  bring 
on the man who is lying1 stunned and    
bleeding1 in the roadway4 ,or  else1    
having contrived to rouse the poor      
fellow to a little effort1 we  borrow an
 ass and take him back with us1 to find 
some organised  institution for the     
relief of those who fall among thieves1 

where the  wine and oil are contracted  
for out of the funds4 ,and there we     
leave  him1 without remembering anything
 whatever about the twopenny            
contribution which would represent our  
own share in the benefaction4    ,it is 
an awful thought1 and one which it may  
be hoped will soon become  intolerable1 
that1 with the mechanical perfection of 
means for relieving  the necessities of 
those who are afflicted1 there seems to 
grow upon us  a deadly indifference to  
the very deepest need of all--that      
personal1  human sympathy1 without which
 all our boast of benevolence is but as 
the  sounding of brass and the tinkling 
of a cymbal4 ,can it be possible that   
we are approaching a condition when1    
refusing to have the poor and the       
afflicted1 the widow and the orphan     
always with us1 we shut them away  out  
of our sight1 leaving the whole duty of 
visiting them1 of clothing  them1 of    
giving them meat and drink1 to be done  
by an official  committee2 a charitable 

board1 distributing doles1 exactly      
calculated1  on a carefully devised     
scale1 and divided to the ounce or the  
inch1 in  supposed proportion to the    
individual need of each recipient8 ,will
 there  ever come a time when we shall  
persuade ourselves that we fulfil the   
law  of ,christ by paying so much in the
 pound for a charity rate1 and leaving  
all the actual relief to be effected by 
an official department1 or a  series of 
official committees8    ,the present    
aspect of charitable administration     
would be truly appalling  if this were  
likely to be the result1 for there are  
far too many  evidences of that deadly  
indifference which will get rid of all  
real  personal responsibility by paying 
a subscription1 and will pay            
handsomely1 too1 at the same time       
smiling grimly1 and half satirically1   
at the recollection that there are a    
number of people who always have on     
hand cases1 of whom they are anxious to 
rid themselves by placing them  in any  

institution that will receive them      
without payment4    ,let it not be      
imagined that these latter words of mine
 are intended to  apply to those workers
 among the poor1 who1 with small means  
of their  own1 cannot do much more than 
speak words of advice and comfort1 and  
give their earnest help to better the   
condition of sordid homes and of        
neglected children4 ,there are scores of
 true1 tender-hearted women who1        
spending much time amongst the sick and 
the afflicted1 feel their hearts  sink  
within them as they see how much more   
might be done1 if they had  but the     
wherewithal to appease the actual       
physical needs of those to  whom they   
try to come spiritually near4    ,if but
 the miracle so easy to others were     
first performed1 and the five  thousand 
fed1 then indeed might follow that still
 greater miracle1 the  earnest listening
 of the once turbulent multitude to the 
words of the  ,bread of ,life4    ,but  
there are those who pursue what they    

regard as charitable work as  an        
excitement--an amusement--just as       
children are sometimes set to play  with
 ,scripture conversation cards1 and     
puzzles out of the ,old ,testament1     
with a kind of feeling that the         
employment comes nearly to a religious  
exercise4 ,there is as much danger of   
these persons missing the true work  of 
charity as there would be in the        
employment of paid officials--indeed1   
the latter would have one advantage2    
they would be less likely to be  imposed
 upon by those who to obtain some       
special advantage would cringe  and     
flatter4    ,the first great difficulty 
in visiting and temporarily relieving   
the  lower class of destitute poor1 is  
to disabuse their minds of an           
inveterate notion that the benevolent   
visitor and distributor is paid by  some
 occult society1 of which the recipients
 of bounty know nothing1 and  for which 
they care very little4 ,unfortunately1  
the sharp determined  amateur visitor1  

who does a district as other people with
 leisure do a  flower show or a morning 
concert----but1 alas6 these very words  
of mine  show how common is that lack of
 true charity of which ,i designed to   
speak4 ,who am ,i that ,i should sum up 
the disposition and the heart of my     
brother or my sister8 ,only ,i would say
 that this suspicion on the part  of the
 ignorant poor1 which is so often       
complained of--the notion that  their   
interviewers are paid for the work of   
charity--can only yield to  the         
conviction that the work itself is      
undertaken with warm living human       
sympathy4 ,before the true relief shall 
come to any man1 it must come by  faith4
 ,with the heart man believeth unto     
righteousness1 and in  righteousness    
also4    ,the two tendencies that are   
driving us away from charity to a kind  
of  selfish economy1 are the habit of   
relieving our overcharged               
susceptibilities by secreting a guinea1 
and thinking we have thereby  fulfilled 

the claims of religion and humanity1 and
 the practice of going  about seeking   
where we may find candidates for other  
people's guineas1  and so becoming a    
kind of charitable detectives1 with an  
eye to  reputation and advancement in   
the force4    ,we are forgetting that   
heartfelt sympathy1 that clasp of the   
hand and  beam of the eye which will    
make even a cup of cold water a         
benefaction1  if we have no more to     
give1 or if the need goes no further    
than a  refreshing draught1 that shall  
be turned from water into wine by the   
power of loving fellowship4 ,or we may  
be saying1 ,be ye clothed1 and be  ye   
fed1 trusting to some other hand to do  
the necessary work1 without  having     
ourselves first wrought for the means of
 taking our part in it1  either by a    
deep personal interest in the relieving 
institution or in  the destitute        
recipient4    ,yet one thing thou       
lackest1--even though out of thy great  
possessions  a large proportion is given

 to the poor2 follow thou me4 ,go about 
doing good1 do not think to have        
fulfilled the law without love--that    
which you call charity2 the mere        
giving--is but to offer a stone when    
bread is required of you1 unless it be  
done with love in your  heart--personal1
 human1 and therefore ,divine love4 ,if 
ye have not been  faithful in that which
 is another man's1 who shall give you   
that which  is your own8 ,use the       
benefits of institutions--even though   
you use them  only for others--as you   
would use your own property4 ,recommend 
only  cases that are known to you to be 
worthy and necessitous1 and1 should  the
 institution depend on voluntary        
support1 let a contribution  accompany  
your case1 if you can any way afford it1
 as an act of  justice as well as of    
mercy4    ,don't join in the traffic in 
votes1 and never go begging for proxies1
  in order to have an exchangeable stock
 on hand1 that you may secure a         
candidate for any particular            

institution4 ,this kind of gambling is a
  cancer that is eating the heart out of
 genuine1 pure1 charitable effort1  and 
is making way for the cold impersonal   
system of distribution1 which  is now   
being advocated by those who would make 
the relief of human  wretchedness and   
distress a mechanical organisation      
without the soul of  love4 ,at the same 
time1 let us not forget that no         
charitable effort  which would be       
efficacious in affording relief to the  
widely-spread  distress by which we are 
surrounded1 could be even so much as    
attempted  without associations         
established for the express purpose of  
relieving  particular forms of          
suffering4 ,this1 indeed1 is the glory  
of our  country1 that humanity is so    
strong among us as to lead us not only  
to  combine1 but to emulate4 ,the       
absolute concentration and              
centralization  of charitable effort    
would be a calamity4 ,the breaking up of
 the best of  our institutions1 which   

have grown from small beginnings in     
almsgiving  into wide and influential   
centres of benevolent effort1 would be  
destruction4    ,if anything that may be
 written hereafter concerning some      
representative  7large and small1 but   
still truly representative7 efforts to  
do the work  that ,christianity demands 
as its first evidence of reality1 should
 lead  to a deeper and wider personal   
interest in their behalf1 it will be    
matter for rejoicing4 ,the larger the   
number of people who ask what is  being 
done1 the greater will be the desire to 
continue the good work1 or  to declare  
it4 ,the attention that might in this   
way be directed to the  mode of         
affording relief would exercise so keen 
an influence in the  reformation of     
abuses1 and the adoption of             
improvements1 that all our  charities   
would soon become truly public4 ,with   
the more earnest  conviction of the duty
 of personal inquiry1 and real          
sympathetic  interest in the individual 

well-being of our poorer brother or     
sister1  would come the satisfaction    
that we belonged to an association1 or  
to a  chain of associations1 which will 
afford to him or to her the very  relief
 which otherwise we should despair of   
securing4    ,i purpose in another      
chapter to ask you to read the story of 
an  institution that was in its day     
wonderfully illustrative1 and even now  
serves to take us back for two centuries
 of history4 ,only yesterday ,i  was    
speaking to some of its inmates4 ,one of
 them had nearly completed  her own     
century of life1 most of them had seen  
far more than the  threescore years and 
ten which we call old age2 but they come
 of a  wonderful race1 the men of fire  
and steel2 the women of silent          
suffering--the old ,huguenots of        
,france4          ,,with ,,the          
,,children ,,of ,,the ,,stranger4       
,a hundred and eighty-seven years ago a 
,french army invaded ,england and       
effected a landing at various places on 

the coast4 ,smaller divisions of  that  
army had previously obtained a footing  
in some of the chief towns  of ,great   
,britain2 and for about fifty years     
afterwards other contingents  arrived at
 intervals to find the compatriots      
settled among the people1  who had      
easily yielded to their address and     
courage1 and by that time  were         
apparently contented to regard them as  
being permanently  established in the   
districts of which they had taken       
possession4 ,the  strange part of the   
story is1 that for a large part of this 
time ,england  was successfully engaged 
in war with the country of the invaders1
 and  not only with that country1 but   
with a discarded prince of its own1 who1
  having received assistance from       
,france1 strove to regain the throne    
which he had abdicated by raising civil 
war in ,ireland4 ,then was to be  seen a
 marvellous thing4 ,a detachment of the 
,french army of occupation  in ,england 
went with ,king ,william to the ,boyne1 

and when the mercenaries  who were at   
the back of ,james in his miserable     
enterprise came forth to  fight1 they   
beheld the swords of their countrymen   
flash in their faces1  and heard a      
well-known terrible cry1 as a band of   
veteran warriors cut  through their     
ranks1 fighting as they had been taught 
to fight in the  ,cevennes and amidst   
the valleys and passes of ,languedoc4   
,for the army  that invaded ,england in 
#afhf1 and for four or five years       
afterwards1 was  the army of the ,french
 ,huguenots1 against whom the dragoons  
of ,louis  ,,xiv4 and the emissaries of 
,pope and priests had been let loose    
after the  revocation of the ,edict of  
,nantes4    ,four hundred thousand      
,french ,protestants had left their     
country during  the twenty years        
previous to the revocation of that pact1
 which had been  renewed after the siege
 of ,rochelle1 and though the attempt to
 escape  from the country was made      
punishable by the confiscation of       

property and  perpetual imprisonment in 
the galleys1 six hundred thousand       
persons  contrived to get out of        
,france1 and found asylums in ,flanders1
  ,switzerland1 ,holland1 ,germany1 and 
,england1 after the persecutions were   
resumed4    ,comparatively few of the   
men who came in the second emigration   
had  fought for the religion that they  
professed4 ,they had learned to endure  
all things1 and with undaunted courage  
many of them had suffered the  loss of  
their worldly goods1 the burning of     
their houses1 hunger1  poverty1 and the 
imprisonment of their wives and         
daughters in distant  fortresses1       
because they would not forswear their   
faith4 ,hundreds of  their companions   
were at the galleys1 hundreds more had  
been tortured1  mutilated1 burned1      
broken on the wheel4 ,women as well as  
men endured  almost in silence the      
fierce brutalities of a debased         
soldiery1 directed  by priests and      
fanatics1 who had1 as it were1 made     

themselves drunk with  blood1 and seemed
 to revel in cruelty4 ,with a resolution
 that nothing  seemed able to abate1    
pastors like ,claude ,brousson went from
 district to  district1 living they knew
 not how1 half famished1 in perpetual   
danger1  and with little expectation of 
ultimately escaping the stake or the    
rack4 ,nay1 they refused to leave the   
country1 while in the woods and         
wildernesses of the ,gard great         
congregations of their brethren awaited 
their coming1 that they might hold      
services in caves and in the  desert1 as
 they called that wild country of the   
,cevennes and of ,lozre4  ,these men    
were non-resistants4 ,they met with     
unflinching courage1 but  without arms4 
,those of them who remained in ,france  
stayed to see the  persecutions         
redoubled in the attempt to exterminate 
the reformed faith4  ,they were the     
truest vindicators of the religion that 
they professed4 ,up  to the time of the 
siege of ,rochelle1 and afterwards1     

,protestantism was  represented by a    
defensive sword1 but these men discarded
 the weapons of  carnal warfare4 ,only  
some years later1 when the persecutors  
7rioting in  the very insanity of wrath 
because their declaration that          
,protestantism  was abolished was       
falsified by constant revivals of the   
old ,huguenot  worship7 directed utter  
extermination of the ,vaudois1 did the  
grandeur  of the non-resisting principle
 give way before the desperation of men 
who came to the conclusion that1 if they
 were to die1 they might as well  die   
fighting4    ,it must be remembered that
 some of them knew well how to fight4   
,some of  their leaders--men of peace as
 they were1 and men of an iron          
determination1 which was shown in the   
obstinacy with which they refused  to   
take up the sword--had come of stern    
warriors and were  ,frenchmen--,norman  
,frenchmen--,protestant ,norman         
,frenchmen4 ,a rare  combination        
that2--cold hard steel and fire4    ,but

 it was not till some time afterwards   
that these men became the  leaders of   
the peasantry1 the chestnut-fed         
mountaineers who came down  from their  
miserable huts and joined what had then 
become an organised  army of            
insurrection4 ,before this time arrived 
a strange aberration  seemed to move the
 people4 ,the old simple non-resisting  
pastors had been  done to death by      
torture and execution1 and the people   
met1 it is true1  but often met amid the
 ruin of their homes1 or in desert      
places1 and as  sheep having no         
shepherd4 ,then a wild hysterical frenzy
 appeared among  them4 ,men1 women1 and 
even children claimed to be inspired1   
and at  length fanaticism leaped into   
retaliation4 ,on a ,sunday in ,july1    
#agjb1 a  wild mystic preacher1 named   
,sguier went down with a band of about  
fifty  armed men to release the         
prisoners4 ,they were confined in       
dungeons  beneath the house of one      
,chayla1 a priest1 who directed the     

prosecutions1 and invented the tortures 
which he caused to be inflicted  for the
 conversion of heretics4 ,the           
,protestants broke open his door1       
forced the prison1 and ultimately set   
fire to the house1 in attempting  to    
escape from which ,chayla was recognised
 and killed4 ,this was the  beginning of
 a series of retaliations by the        
tormented people1 the  success of which 
changed the whole attitude of the       
,protestants of the  district4 ,they had
 formerly endured in silence2 now they  
were desperate  enough for insurrection4
 ,and the insurrection followed4 ,sguier
 was  captured1 maimed1 and burnt alive2
 but others took his place4 ,the war of 
the ,camisards had commenced4 ,then it  
was that the leaders of the  ,protestant
 army in the ,cevennes arose2--,roland  
and ,cavalier1 and the men  who for a   
long time waged successful warfare      
against the royal forces1  till defeat  
came accompanied by a new rgime4    ,the
 rumbling of the revolutionary          

earthquake was already shaking the      
throne and the persecuting church4      
,voltaire1 educated by the ,jesuits1    
and hating religion1 was helping to     
deliver the martyrs of the  ,protestant 
faith even before he began to           
philosophise4    ,the struggle of the   
,camisards can only be said to have     
ceased when the  persecutions were      
nearly at an end1 and ,france itself was
 tottering4 ,but  what of that great    
,huguenot contingent which had invaded  
,britain1 and  was growing in number    
year by year as the migrs1 leaving      
houses and  land1 shops1 warehouses1 and
 factories1 fled across the frontier1 or
 got  down to the shore1 and came over  
the sea in fishing-boats and other      
small craft1 in which they took passage 
under various disguises1 or were  stowed
 away in the holds1 or packed along with
 bales of merchandise1 to  escape the   
vigilance of the emissaries who were set
 to watch for  escaping ,protestants8   
,it is a little significant that of     

these  non-combatant ,protestants eleven
 regiments of soldiers were formed in   
the ,english army2 but the truth is that
 of the vast number of migrs  who left  
,france1 some #cj1jjj were trained      
soldiers and sailors1 and  doubtless a  
proportion of these came to ,england1   
though probably fewer  than those of    
their number who served in the ,low     
,countries4 ,at any rate1  in #afhg1 two
 years after the revocation of the      
,edict of ,nantes1 there  arrived in    
,england #ae1ejj refugees1 some of whom 
brought with them very  considerable    
property1 and most of them were men of  
education1 or  skilled in the knowledge 
of the arts1 or of those manufactures   
and  handicrafts which are the true     
wealth of a nation4 ,at ,norwich and    
,canterbury they quickly formed         
communities which became prosperous1 and
  helped the prosperity of the          
districts1 where they set up looms1 and 
dyeworks1 and other additions to the    
local industries4 ,in ,london they      

formed two or three remarkable colonies1
 so that when ,chamberlain wrote  his   
,survey of ,london1 there were about    
twenty ,french ,protestant  churches1   
the greater number of which stood in    
,shoreditch1 ,hoxton1 and               
,spitalfields--in fact1 above #ac1jjj   
emigrants had settled in or near the    
metropolis4 ,the one ,french ,protestant
 church founded by ,edward ,,vi4 was1   
of course1 inadequate to receive them1  
and their immediate necessities  were so
 great that a collection was made for   
their relief1 and a sum of  #fj1jjjl4   
was by this means obtained in order to  
alleviate their  distress4    ,among    
these migrs were many noblemen and      
gentlemen of distinction1  who1 with    
their wives1 were reduced to extreme    
poverty by the  confiscation of their   
property4 ,these had learned no trade1  
but with  characteristic courage many of
 them set themselves to acquire the     
knowledge of some craft by which they   
might earn their bread1 while some  of  

their number learned of their wives to  
make pillow-lace1 and so  continued to  
support themselves in decent comfort4   
,to those who knew the old ,french folk1
 as they came to be called in  after    
years1 when the later emigration had    
again increased the number of  the      
weavers' colony in ,spitalfields1       
nothing was more remarkable than  the   
cheerfulness1 one might almost say the  
gaiety1 that distinguished  them4       
,reading the account given by ,french   
writers of the old ,huguenots  in       
,france1 one might be disposed to regard
 them as stern and sour  sectaries1 but 
that would be a very erroneous opinion4 
,perhaps the  sudden freedom to which   
they came1 the rest of soul1 and the    
opportunity  to endeavour to serve ,god 
with a quiet mind raised them to a      
tranquil  happiness which revived the   
national characteristic of              
light-heartedness2  but however it may  
have been1 the real genuine old ,french 
weaver of  ,spitalfields and ,bethnal   

,green was a very courteous1 merry1     
simple1  child-like gentleman4 ,the     
houses in which these people lived1 some
 of  which are still to be seen with    
their high-pitched roofs and long leaden
  casements1 were very different to the 
barely-furnished1 squalid places  in    
which their descendants of to-day are to
 be found2 and1 indeed1 the             
,spitalfields weaver even of seventy    
years ago was usually a well-to-do      
person2 while in the old time he could  
take ,saint ,monday every week1  wear   
silver crown-pieces for buttons on his  
holiday coat1 and put on  silk stockings
 on state occasions4 ,this was in the   
days when ,french was  still spoken in  
many of the little parlours of houses   
that stood within  gardens gay with     
sweet-scented blooms of sweet-william1  
ten-weeks-stock1  and clove-pink4 ,when 
there was still an embowered greenness  
in  ,bednall1 and ,hare ,street ,fields 
were within a stone's throw of          
,sinjun--,st4 ,john1 or rather ,st4     

,jean ,street1--or of the little chapel 
of ,la ,patente1 in ,brown's ,lane1     
,spitalfields4 ,even in later times     
than that1 however1 ,i can remember     
being set up to a table1 and shown  how 
to draw on a slate1 by an old gentleman 
with a face streaked like a  ruddy dried
 pippin4 ,i was just old enough to make 
out that the tea-table  talk was in a   
strange tongue2 but ,i can remember that
 there were  evidences of the           
refinements that the old refugees had   
brought with them  across the sea4 ,not 
only in their neat but spruce attire1 in
 their  polite grace to women1 in their 
easy1 good-humoured play and prattle to 
little children1 in their cultivation of
 flowers1 their liking for  birds1 and  
their taste for music1 but in a score of
 trifling objects  about their tidy     
rooms1 where the click of the shuttle   
was heard from  morning to night1 these 
old ,french folk vindicated their birth 
and  breeding4 ,by tea-services of rare 
old china1 rolls of real point lace1  a 

paste buckle1 an antique ring1 a fat1   
curiously-engraved watch1 a few         
gem-like buttons1 delicately-coloured   
porcelain and chimney ornaments2  by    
books and manuscript music1 or by flute 
and fiddle deftly handled in  the       
playing of some old ,french tune1 these 
people expressed their  distinction     
without being aware of it4 ,it has not  
even yet died out4  ,unfortunately1 many
 of their descendants--representatives  
of a miserably  paid1 and now nearly    
superseded industry--have deteriorated  
by the  influences of continued poverty2
 and even so long ago as the evil       
war-time of ,napoleon ,i41 many of the  
old families anglicised their names  in 
deference to ,british hatred of the     
,french1 but there are still a  large   
number of people in the eastern         
districts of ,london whose names1       
faces1 and figures alike proclaim their 
origin4    ,but we must go back once    
more to the time when the great         
collection was  made4 ,it is at least   

gratifying to know that the #fj1jjj soon
 increased  to #bjj1jjj1 and was        
afterwards called the ,royal ,bounty1   
though  ,royalty had nothing to do with 
it during that reign4 ,in #afhf-g about 
#fjjj persons were relieved from this   
fund1 and in #afhh #bg1jjj applicants   
received assistance1 while others had   
employment found for them1 or were      
relieved by more wealthy migrs who had  
retained or recovered some  part of     
their possessions4 ,but there were still
 aged and sick people1  little children1
 widows1 orphans1 broken men1 homeless  
women1 and lonely  creatures who had    
become almost imbecile or insane through
 the cruelties  and privations that they
 had suffered4 ,for these a refuge was  
necessary1  and at length--but not till 
#agjh--;an institution was founded in   
,st4  ,luke's1 under the name of the    
,french ,hospital1 but better known to  
the  old folks as the ,providence4      
,of what it was and is ,i design to tell
 in another chapter4          ,,with    

,,the ,,children',s ,,children4         
,that great invading ,french army of    
nobles1 gentry1 artists1 traders1       
handicraftsmen1 of which some account   
has already been given1 was added  to   
from time to time1 even as lately as the
 ,revolution1 and the  restoration of   
the dynasty after the downfall of       
,napoleon1 when a  strange reaction     
against the ,protestants was commenced1 
partly as a  pretence for concealing    
political animosity4 ,the department of 
the ,gard  was once more the scene of   
horrible atrocities1 against which ,lord
  ,brougham invoked the aid of the      
,english ,parliament1 and obtained the  
help of ,austrian bayonets to protect   
the people1 who were being  murdered1   
tortured1 or outraged1 in defiance of   
feeble local  authorities4 ,but by this 
time there was a new generation of the  
first  great ,anglo-,french colony in   
,london4 ,spitalfields had grown to the 
dimensions of a township4 ,bethnal had  
begun to lose its greenness4 ,there     

was1 as there still is1 a remarkable    
settlement about ,soho4 ,petty  ,france 
was as well known as the exhibition of  
needlework in ,leicester  ,square1 or   
,mrs4 ,salmon's wax figures in ,fleet   
,street4    ,those poor refugees who    
fled to escape from the horrors of      
,sainte  ,guillotine1 or the ruthless   
cruelties at ,nismes1 came to brethren  
many  of whom had never seen the glowing
 valleys and golden fields of           
,languedoc1 whence their forefathers    
escaped only with life and hands to     
work4 ,they had preserved their national
 characteristics2 they attended         
churches and chapels where the pastors  
still spoke their native tongue1  and   
where they had established schools for  
their children2 but they had  settled   
down to a quiet1 though a busy life1 in 
the heart of the great  workshop of the 
world1 and only a few of                
them--principally the gentry1  some of  
whom had regained a portion of their    
property--felt frequent or  urgent      

impulses to return4 ,more than a hundred
 and twenty years had  elapsed since the
 ,royal ,bounty had been expended in the
 relief of the  #bg1jjj migrs who yet   
were without any permanent refuge for   
the  destitute1 the sick1 the aged1 and 
the insane among their number4 ,this    
was in #afhh1 and it was not till nearly
 twenty-eight years afterwards  that any
 regular institution was organized4 ,the
 earlier refugees had  become aged or   
had died1 after having obtained such    
temporary help as  could be afforded by 
subscriptions or the large benefactions 
of their  more wealthy                  
fellow-countrymen4 ,still1 the later    
emigrations increased  the number of    
applicants for permanent relief4 ,at    
last1 in #agah1 a great  concourse of   
,french refugees assembled in a chapel  
which formed a  special portion of a    
building only just completed1 but which 
had already  received the dignity of    
forming the subject of a ,royal charter 
granted  by ,his ,majesty ,king ,george 

,i4 to his right trusty and right       
well-beloved cousin1 ,henry de ,massue1 
,marquis de ,ruvigny1 ,earl of          
,galloway1 and a number of trusty and   
well-beloved gentlemen1 all  naturalized
 refugees1 who made the first governor  
and directors of the  ,hospital for     
,poor ,french ,protestants and their    
descendants residing in  ,great         
,britain2 otherwise known as the ,french
 ,hospital1 but soon to be  spoken of   
with simple pathetic brevity as ,la     
,providence4    ,the idea of founding   
such a charity was due to a             
distinguished refugee  in ,holland--no  
less a personage than ,m4 de ,gastigny1 
,master of the  ,hounds to ,prince      
,william of ,orange2 a ruddy1           
jovial-looking gentleman  withal1 whose 
portrait1 should you go to see it1 will 
set you wondering  whether he could ever
 have been classed among the sour       
sectaries to  whom it was the fashion to
 attribute a disregard of social        
pleasures4 ,a  bequest of a thousand    

pounds sterling from the bluff keeper of
 the  kennels was to be divided into    
equal sums--#ejj for the building1 and  
the interest of the remaining #ejj to be
 spent on its maintenance4    ,not a    
very adequate provision1 truly1 for any 
such purpose2 but  sufficiently         
suggestive to set the more prosperous   
members of the great  ,anglo-,french    
colony to increase the amount4 ,the     
astute ,master of the  ,hounds must     
surely have foreseen this result when he
 left this legacy to  the management of 
the trustees of the already existing    
relief fund1  still miscalled the ,royal
 ,bounty4 ,they exhibited that prudence 
in  money matters which is a ,french    
characteristic1 and let the thousand    
pounds accumulate for eight years1 after
 which a general subscription  was      
invited from successful merchants and   
traders1 while with a just  appreciation
 of the benefits which had been         
conferred by these good  citizens on the
 land of their adoption1 some wealthy   

,englishmen added  their contributions  
to the general fund4    ,thus it came   
about1 that a piece of land was         
purchased in the ,golden  ,acre--a queer
 old half-countrified precinct of ,st4  
,giles1  ,cripplegate--that a building  
was erected for the reception of eighty 
poor persons1 that a charter was        
granted1 and that the new charitable    
association was consecrated in the new  
chapel by ,philippe ,menard1 the        
minister of the ,french ,church of ,st4 
,james's and secretary of the           
enterprise4    ,this was1 indeed1       
something worth working for4 ,the aged  
or afflicted  poor among the refugees   
were no longer mere mendicants living on
  precarious alms4 ,out of their        
abundance the more prosperous gave      
cheerfully4 ,in #agcf another adjoining 
site was purchased1 and another  side of
 the great open quadrangle of garden    
ground was built upon1 so  that by #agfj
 the ,providence numbered #bcj inmates4 
,this1 however1 was  its culminating    

point of usefulness4 ,religious         
persecution had  diminished1 and at     
length may be said to have ceased       
altogether4 ,even as  early as #agbj    
only #ejjj persons required relief from 
the ,bounty1 so  that eventually the    
trustees were enabled to devote part of 
it to the  assistance of those who fled 
from the ,revolution--many of whom were 
the  descendants of those who had been  
the persecutors of the ,protestants4    
,the great industrial colony1 prudent1  
temperate1 and industrious1 had  almost 
grown beyond its earlier needs--and all 
that it required was that  some adequate
 provision should be made for infirm or 
aged men and women1  who being widowed  
or unmarried1 and without means of      
support1 required a  refuge in which    
they might peacefully end their days4   
,the same causes  which had diminished  
the number of applicants had also       
reduced the  amount of current          
subscriptions1 so that some portion of  
the building  was removed1 as being no  

longer necessary1 and in order to secure
 a  sufficient endowment an ,act of     
,parliament was obtained1 empowering the
  directors to let their land on        
building leases4 ,by that time the      
neighbourhood was known not as the      
,golden ,acre1 but as ,st4 ,luke's1 and 
on the ground once purchased by the     
,marquis de ,ruvigny and his trusty  and
 well-beloved companions1 grew ,radnor  
,street1 ,galway ,street1 ,gastigny     
,place1 and part of ,bath ,street1 while
 the number of inmates was reduced  to  
sixty--that is to say1 about twenty men 
and forty women1 all of whom  were to be
 above sixty years of age1 of ,french   
extraction1 and  professing the         
,protestant religion4 ,it was a queer   
old range of  building1 that retreat2   
pleasant enough1 perhaps1 when as a     
rather blank  series of red brick       
houses1 it looked across its own formal 
walled  garden to the pleasant fields   
and open country1 but strangely silent1 
and with a crumbling1 dreary look about 

it1 when the lunatic asylum of  ,st4    
,luke's dominated all the surrounding   
tenements of a crowded1 sordid          
neighbourhood4 ,only the initiated could
 easily find the little low black  door 
that opened in the bare wall1 and led to
 the large irregular space1  which was  
laid out in weedy beds and stony        
borders1 distinguished by an  air of    
decay rather than of                    
production--especially where in certain 
dank  corners a tangle of sapless stalks
 and tendrils indicated some faintly    
hopeful attempt to rear an arbour1 in   
which persons of robust  imagination    
might fancy they were sheltered from    
impending blacks that  issued from the  
manufactory chimneys close by4 ,the     
visitor to this  out-of-the-way corner  
of the great city1 seeing the old people
 walking  up and down the paved causeway
 in front of the row of crooked-paned   
lower windows1 or airing themselves at  
the doorsteps1 might be excused  for the
 fancy that they had the imaginative    

faculty of children2 and  were expected 
to make believe a good deal before they 
could quite  reconcile themselves to the
 notion that this dingy area of         
quadrilateral  plots and paths1 in which
 the wet stood in small puddles1 was    
ever a  pleasaunce gay with garden      
blooms1 and smelling of knotted marjoram
  and fragrant thyme4 ,yet there were   
still evidences of the invincible       
cheerfulness of the old ,french nature1 
among the old creatures with  faces     
streaked like winter apples1 and hands  
which1 even though they  trembled1 were 
swift of gesture and of emphasis4       
,there were old fellows there who had   
still about them indications of  true   
comeliness and grace that distinguished 
them from all vulgar                    
surroundings2--ancient gentlemen1 who   
would go out on wet days to sweep  away 
any rainpools that might lie before the 
doors of the old ladies1  and so        
besmirch an otherwise immaculate shoe4  
,it should be remembered1  too1 that    

there was no livery there4 ,those who   
had some one to help them  to the garb  
of gentility wore what pleased them2    
those who were  dependent on the charity
 for clothing1 were neither bound in one
  pattern1 nor condemned to the uniform 
of poverty4 ,neat or lively cotton      
prints1 or warm stuff gowns1 with proper
 hose and caps and kerchiefs1  for the  
women2 plain ,oxford mixture1 black1    
steel grey1 or brown1 for  the men1 and 
each one measured for his suit4 ,those  
who entered there  were not the         
recipients of a dole grudgingly         
conceded4 ,it was no  poorhouse1 but the
 ,providence4 ,only eleven years ago    
there were some  evidences of the old   
meaning of the place in the remnants of 
the antique  furniture which adorned the
 queer rooms4 ,they were not wards or   
dormitories1 but veritable bedrooms2 and
 each one had its own  peculiarities1   
even in the bedsteads with spindle posts
 and dimity  hangings1 the boxes and    
cupboards1 and special chairs which     

distinguished it from the rest4 ,some of
 these things had evidently been        
heirlooms either of the institution or  
of the individual2 and1 indeed1  the    
preservation of individuality was a     
cheerful feature of the place1  despite 
its dim and somewhat dreary             
surroundings4    ,the ,board ,room was1 
in its way1 one of the most             
extraordinary apartments  in ,london3   
with its tables supported by a tangled  
puzzle of legs1 its  high-backed1       
polished chairs with leather seats1 worn
 till they reminded  one of the cover of
 an antique ledger bound in unfinished  
calf2 its  wonderful old black-framed   
prints representing the meetings of the 
,huguenots in the ,clerk's field in the 
times when men and women carried  their 
lives in their hands1 and dragoons rode 
congregations down and  slashed them    
with sabres as they fell4 ,its          
dimly-seen portraits of the  noble1     
broad-browed1 dark-eyed ,ruvigny 7the   
first governor71 who refused  to go back

 to ,france even at the invitation of   
the ,king2 of the gentle  ,pastor       
,menard1 with high1 capacious forehead1 
and calm1 strong mien2 of  hale1 shrewd1
 ruddy ,gastigny2 and of some men of    
later date1 with  ,frenchman written in 
every line of their finely-marked faces4
    ,the little room set apart as a     
chapel--a barely-furnished place enough1
  with desk and raised platform and     
plain seats--was venerable because of   
all the meaning that lay in its studied 
absence of all ornament1 and  because of
 the significance it must once have had 
to the sad-eyed men  who crowded into   
it1 some of them thinking1 perhaps1 how 
it had come  about that they could stand
 there in peace and without a hand upon 
the  hilt of a sword4    ,there were1   
even at that later time1 old men and    
women in the dim old  building who could
 repeat family legends of the           
emigration--for they  lived to a great  
age1 these ,french folk1 many of them   
being still alert  of eye and ear1 and  

foot1 even though they had heard the    
click of the  shuttle and the rattle of 
the loom eighty years before4    ,some  
of them have survived the old place     
itself2 for while they are in a  new    
home1 the ancient building has changed1 
if even it be not altogether            
dismantled4 ,the leases paid good       
interest1 and eight years ago a new     
,french hospital arose--away from the   
dingy old precinct of the ,golden       
,acre4    ,to see this later ,providence
 aright1 you must come through the very 
heart of that neighbourhood which was   
once the great ,silk ,colony1 thread    
the bye-ways of ,poverty ,market1 note  
the tall silent houses where the  looms 
no longer rattle1 nor the sharp whirr of
 the shuttle stirs  cage-birds to sing2 
pass across the debatable land lying on 
the edge of  ,shoreditch1 where human   
beings live in sties built in the       
backyards of  other houses1 in streets  
that are still with the blank silence of
 misery  and want4 ,you should walk     

amidst pigeon and dog fanciers2 call in 
at  certain dingy1 slipshod taverns1    
where at night a slouching company will 
meet to hear bullfinches pipe for       
wagers1 and where starving men and      
women stand and drink away the pence    
that are all too few to buy food  for   
the starving brood at home1 and so are  
flung upon the sloppy counter  in       
exchange for the drugged drink that     
feels like food and fire in one4        
,through ,bethnal ,green1 with its      
townships and its ,follies1 extending   
in sordid rows of tenements built to one
 dreary pattern4 ,over districts  which1
 only a few years ago1 were fields and  
open spaces1 leading to  farm lands and 
hedgerows1 and so away to the great     
expanse of marsh land  where the dappled
 kine wade knee-deep in the lush        
pastures1 and the  stunted pollards     
stand like patient fishermen upon the   
river's brink4    ,yes1 the present     
,french ,hospital--,new ,providence--was
 built ten years  ago in the border-land

 beyond the ,weavers' ,garden1 that     
great garden and  pleasure-ground known 
as ,victoria ,park4 ,it is the only     
garden left to  the descendants of those
 old craftsmen who once dwelt in houses 
every  one of which had its gay plot of 
flowers1 its rustic arbour1 or its      
quaint device of grotto-work1 built up  
of oddly-shaped stones and  pearl-edged 
oyster-shells4 ,do you think there is   
now no remnant of the  old ,french folk 
left8 ,come for a stroll among the grand
 beds and  plantations of this ,east-end
 playground1 and you shall see4 ,on     
holidays  and alas6 on those days when  
7to use the expressive term handed down 
from prosperous times7 the weaver is at 
play--that is to say1 waiting  for woof 
and weft1 and so wiling away the sad and
 often hunger-bringing  hours--you will 
see him1 with his keen well-cut face1   
his dark  appreciative eye1 his long    
delicate hands1 his well-brushed1       
threadbare  coat and hat2 and the mark  
of race is plainly to be noted in his   

intensity of look and his subdued       
patient bearing4 ,he comes of a stock   
which had it not been of the hardiest   
and the most temperate and  enduring in 
the world1 would have disappeared a     
century ago4 ,on ,sunday  mornings1 when
 the bells are sounding round about him1
 he is to be met  with lingering 7with  
who shall say what inner sense of       
worship7 by the  strange shrubs and     
flowering plants1 or standing with a    
pathetic look of  momentary satisfaction
 on his lean1 mobile face1 to mark the  
rare glow  and gush of colour made by   
the blooms in a ribbon device of flowers
 on  a sunny border by a dark background
 of cedar4 ,but come and see what his   
forefathers might have called1 in their 
,scripture phraseology1 the  remnant of 
the children of ,israel2 the old inmates
 of that ,french  ,hospital founded so  
long ago when ,de ,ruvigny was the      
beloved cousin of  ,george ,i41 and     
,philippe ,menard preached at ,st4      
,james's2 when the ,duchess  de la      

,force brought donation after donation  
to the work1 and ,philippe  ,hervart1   
,baron d',huningue gave #d1jjj1 all in  
one splendid contribution1  to the      
building fund4 ,could they have seen    
7who knows that they have  not87 this   
great ,french chteau rising beyond the  
park palings in a  neighbourhood fast   
filling with houses1 but still open to  
the air that  blows from the ,weavers'  
,garden and from the great expanse of   
land  leading towards the forest1 they  
would have recognised the familiar      
style of those grand mansions which in  
,france succeeded the castles of  the   
feudal nobility when ,henry ,quatre was 
king4 ,the high-pointed roof  with its  
irregularly picturesque lines1 the      
quaint towers and spires1  the slate    
blue and purple1 and rosy tints of      
colour in slope and wall  and gable2 the
 various combinations of form and hue   
changing with every  point of view1 make
 this modern copy of the old ,french    
chteau a  wonderful feature in any      

landscape1 and the unaccustomed visitor 
seeing  it as it stands there in its own
 ornamental ground1 surrounded by a     
quaint wall decorated in coloured bands1
 wonders what can be the meaning  of a  
building so full of suggestion2 while if
 he be of an imaginative  turn1 he may  
fall into a daydream when he peers      
through the gate that  stands by the    
porter's lodge4    ,but let us pass     
through this gate1 and so up to the     
entrance-hall1 and  we shall seem to    
leave behind us not only the ,weavers'  
,garden1 but most  things ,english4 ,the
 hall itself1 paved with encaustic tile1
 leads to a  flight of broad1 shallow   
steps1 beneath an arched ceiling of     
variegated  brick and two screen arches4
 ,these steps conduct us at once to a   
central  corridor1 extending for the    
entire length of the building1 and      
rising to  the greatest height of the   
open roof of timber with its lofty      
skylights4  ,in front of us is a double 
stone staircase1 one branch being for   

the old  ladies1 the other for the men2 
and immediately at the foot of the      
former  division is the entrance to the 
refectory1 a large handsome dining-hall1
  where1 at two long tables1 this       
wonderful company assemble1 only the    
very infirm having their meals carried  
to the upper ward1 where they are       
waited on by paid attendants4 ,separate 
staircases are provided for the         
servants of the establishment1 whose    
rooms are in the tower above the  main  
wards--or rather1 let us say1 principal 
apartments1 for they are  not so much   
wards as a series of twenty-two large   
bedrooms1 linen-rooms1  and two         
bath-rooms4 ,the steward of the         
hospital1 a venerable gentleman  with   
the courteous air and speech of some    
seneschal of olden time1 has  also his  
own apartments1 reached by a third      
stair1 his sitting-room and  office     
occupying a space close to the entrance4
 ,on the right of the main  staircase   
and at the end of the corridor is the   

ladies' sitting-room1 a  fine           
high-windowed light and lofty place1    
admirably warmed1 as indeed  all the    
building is1 and so furnished that at   
each large square table  four old ladies
 can sit and have not only ample space  
for books or  needlework1 but on her    
right hand each can open a special      
separate  table-drawer with lock and    
key1 wherein to keep such waifs and     
strays--shreds1 patches1 skeins1 and    
unconsidered trifles--as children  and  
old women like to accumulate4 ,there is 
another day-room beside this1  and a    
similar1 though not quite so large an   
apartment is provided for  the men1 both
 rooms being furnished with sundry books
 and a few sober  periodicals of the    
day4    ,it must not be forgotten though
 that many of the old gentlemen have    
grown accustomed to the use of tobacco1 
and here in the basement is a           
smoking-room1 quite out of the way of   
the ordinary sitting and  dining-rooms1 
and not far from the laundry and        

drying-rooms1 which form  an important  
part of the establishment4    ,but1     
hush6 there is a hymn sounding yonder in
 the refectory2 a hymn sung  by voices1 
many of which are yet fresh and clear1  
though the singers  number more than    
eighty years of life1 and of life that  
has often been  hard and full of        
heaviness4    ,it is the grace before   
meat1 and the hot joints1 with the fresh
  vegetables from their own garden1 have
 just come up from the big kitchen  by  
means of a lift to the serving-room4    
,there are no servants to wait at table1
 and the family dinner-party is a       
private one1 inasmuch as it is the      
custom here for the most active of  the 
inmates to agree among themselves who   
shall be butler1 or  beaufetire1 for    
each day during the week4 ,so the       
dinner-time goes  pleasantly and        
quickly1 the meat1 the vegetables1 and  
the capital  household beer1 of which   
each man has a pint twice a day1 and    
each woman  half a pint1 being the only 

articles that require serving4    ,the  
good old-fashioned family custom of     
everybody having his or her own  teapot 
is observed here4 ,a great gas-boiler   
stands on one side the  refectory1 and a
 row of convenient lockers on the other2
 and each inmate  has tea and coffee    
from the stores1 while bread and butter 
are also  served out for consumption    
according to each individual fancy1 and 
not  in rations at each meal time4 ,thus
 those old ladies and gentlemen who     
have spending money1 or friends to bring
 them some of the little  luxuries that 
they so keenly appreciate1 can add a    
relish to their  breakfast or to the    
evening beer4    ,we will not go in     
while they are at dinner1 for there are 
those here yet  who might have been     
gentlefolk but for the mutability of    
mortal  affairs4 ,stay6 here come the   
old ladies1 with old-fashioned curtseys1
  which are more than half a bow1 and   
not a mere vulgar bob4 ,there is no     
mistaking some of their faces4 ,you may 

see their like in ,french  pictures1 or 
in old ,french towns still4 ,some of    
them with eyes from  which the fire had 
not yet died out2 with deftly-moving    
fingers2 with a  quick1 springy step2   
with an inherited remnant of the ,french
 moue and  shrug1 as they answer a      
gentle jest about their age and         
comeliness4    ,eighty-four2 and ,i     
don't know how it is1 but ,i don't seem 
to see so  well in the dark as ,i used4 
,when ,i went out to see my             
brother-in-law1 ,i  was quite glad he   
came part of the way home with me4      
,turned eighty1 but ,i can't get        
upstairs as ,i used to do4    ,you speak
 ,french1 madame8    ,pas beaucoup1     
monsieur2 this from one of the only two 
actual ,french  women now in the        
establishment1 the rest being lineal    
descendants only4  ,the oldest1 who is  
now going quietly and with a very pretty
 dignity out  of the refectory1 is      
ninety-four1 and can not only hear a    
low-toned  inquiry1 but answers it in a 

soft1 pleasant voice4 ,she bears the    
weight  of years bravely1 but the burden
 has perhaps been heavy2 and she speaks 
in a mournful tone1 as one looking      
forward to a mansion among the  many--to
 a house not made with hands1 may       
sometimes speak when even the           
grasshopper becomes a burden4    ,as to 
a young person of sixty-five or         
thereabout1 nobody regards her as       
having any real business to mention such
 a trifling experience of life2  while  
of the men--most of whom seemed to have 
filed off for their pipe  or            
newspaper--one remains finishing his    
dinner1 for he has been on duty  for the
 day1 and is now winding up with a snack
 of bread-and-butter and  the remainder 
of his mug of porter--a stoutly-built1  
hale1  stalwart-looking gentleman who1  
sitting there without his coat1 which   
hangs on the back of a chair1 might pass
 for a retired master mariner1  or a    
representative of some position         
requiring no little energy and          

endurance4 ,i fancy1 for the moment that
 he must be an official appointed  to   
serve or carve and employed on the      
establishment4    ,eighty-four1 and one 
of the old weaving colony of ,bethnal   
,green4    ,there can be no mistake     
about it4 ,every inmate provides        
certificates and  registers enough to   
make the claim undoubted2 and as to the 
right by  descent1 half the people here 
carry it in their faces1 and to the     
initiated1 are as surely ,french1 as    
they are undoubtedly weavers4    ,the   
morning here begins with family prayers1
 which the steward reads  from a desk in
 the refectory1 and so the day closes   
also4 ,the ,sunday  services are in the 
chapel1 and such a chapel6 ,to those who
 remember the  dim1 barely-furnished    
room in the old building at ,st4        
,luke's1 this gem  of architectural     
taste and simple beauty at the end of   
the main corridor  comes with no little 
surprise4 ,its beautiful carved stone   
corbels1  mosaic floor1 and charming    

ornamentation2 its broad gallery entered
  immediately from the upper floor1 so  
that the feeble and infirm may go  to   
worship directly from their             
sleeping-rooms2 its glow of subdued     
colour and sobered light from windows of
 stained glass2 its simple  decorations1
 and its spotless purity1 are no less   
remarkable than the  plainness which    
characterises the general effect4 ,it is
 to be noticed1  too1 that there is no  
altar1 but a table2 that neither at the 
back  of the communion nor on the       
carving of the lectern1 nor even in the 
windows1 is there to be seen a cross4   
,where the ,maltese cross would  occur  
amidst the arabesques of the stained    
glass1 we see the  fleur-de-lis4 ,french
 ,protestantism1 has perhaps1 not yet   
lost its  intense significance1 at all  
events here1 in this chapel where the   
service of the ,church of ,england is   
observed1 and an ordained clergyman     
ministers to the family of the          
children's children of the ancient      

persecuted people of ,languedoc1 the    
symbol under which the ,protestants     
were burned and tortured and exiled has 
no place4 ,this is probably in          
accordance with the traditions left by  
,de ,ruvigny1 by ,gastigny1 by  ,menard1
 and by their successors1 whose         
portraits still hang in the fine        
board-room of the new ,providence4      
,of course1 no contributions or         
subscriptions are now asked for to      
support this old ,french charity4 ,with 
it are associated one or two gifts  of  
money1 such as that of ,stephen ,mounier
 for apprenticing two boys2 and  the    
bequest of ,madame ,esther ,coqueau for 
giving ten shillings monthly to  ten    
poor widows or maidens2 but the         
directors do not seek for external  aid4
 ,to the charity when it was first      
chartered was added a portion of  the   
accumulations of the benefactions of the
 ,french ,church at ,norwich1  and it   
may here be mentioned that at ,norwich1 
where a contingent of the  army of      

refugees had settled1 the ,society of   
,universal ,goodwill was also           
established by ,dr4 ,john ,murray1 a    
good physician1 who strove to extend  to
 a large organisation a plan for        
relieving distressed foreigners4 ,this  
was but ninety years ago1 and it was    
less successful than its promoter       
desired1 so that part of the funds      
accumulated were judiciously handed  to 
another admirable society in ,london1 of
 which ,i shall have something  to say1 
,the ,society of the ,friends of        
,foreigners in ,distress4               
,,with ,,the ,,stranger ,,in ,a         
,,strange ,,land4      ,do we ever try  
to realise the full meaning of the      
declaration that they  who are afar off 
shall be made near by the blood of      
,christ8 ,surely it  does not stop at   
the nearness to ,god by redemption1 for 
the only true  redemption is            
,christ-likeness1 and nearness to ,god  
assumes nearness to  each other in the  
exercise of that loving-kindness which  

is the very  mark and evidence of our   
calling4    ,it would be well if we     
sometimes ceased to separate by our     
vague  imaginations the next world1 or  
the other world1 from the present       
world1 which is1 perhaps in a very real 
sense1 if we could only read the  words 
spiritually1 the world to come also2--as
 it is obvious that the  world means the
 people around us--ourselves1 those who 
are near and  those who seem to be afar 
off2 and no world to come that could    
dispense  with our identity would be of 
any particular significance to us as    
human  beings4    ,let us then1 for the 
present purpose1 try to see how         
effectually  ,christ-likeness should    
bring near to us those who are afar off1
 by  taking us near to them2 how ,he who
 came not to destroy but to fulfil1     
looks to us to entertain strangers2 and 
to be careful in the  performance of    
that duty1 as to ,him who will say      
either1 ,i was a  stranger1 and ye took 
me in1 or the reverse4    ,at the       

beginning of the present century1 with  
the exception of the  ,french           
,protestant organisation1 there existed 
in ,london no established  association  
for the relief of destitute foreigners  
who1 having sought a  refuge here1 or   
being1 as it were1 thrown upon our      
shores1 were left in  distress1 hunger1 
or sickness1--unheeded1 only obtaining  
such temporary  casual relief as a few  
charitable persons might afford1 if by  
any chance  their necessities were made 
known to them4 ,at that time the foreign
  ,protestant clergy1 to whom alone many
 of these destitute men and women  could
 apply for relief1 were themselves      
mostly the poor pastors of              
congregations consisting either of      
refugees or of artisans and persons     
earning their livelihood by precarious  
labour connected with the lighter       
ornamental manufactures4 ,the means at  
their disposal for charitable  purposes 
outside their own churches were         
consequently very small1 and  they were 

unable to render any really effectual   
assistance1 even if they  could have    
undertaken1 what would at that time have
 been the difficult  task of verifying  
the needs for which relief was claimed4 
,some attempt had already been made by  
,dr4 ,john ,murray1 a good physician  of
 ,norwich1 to extend to ,london the     
benefits of his ,society of  ,universal 
,goodwill2 but the scheme had been only 
partially successful4  ,to him1 however1
 the credit is due of having striven to 
give definite  shape to an association  
which was afterwards to take up the good
 work of  caring for strangers4 ,the    
foreign ,protestant clergy settled in   
,london  met to consider how they might 
best organise a regular plan for        
relieving the wants of those who had so 
often to apply to them in vain2  and    
having settled the preliminaries1 which 
were heartily approved by  several      
foreign merchants1 and others1 who were 
willing to assist in any  scheme that   
would include inquiry into the          

circumstances of those who  sought      
assistance1 called a public meeting in  
order to found a regular  institution4  
,this was on the #crd of ,july1 #ahjf1  
and the result of the  appeal was the   
formation of the society of ,the        
,friends of ,foreigners in  ,distress4  
,by the following ,april1 a committee   
had been formed and the  ,charity was in
 working order1 nor were funds long     
wanting with which to  commence the work
 in earnest4 ,the cases requiring relief
 were so  numerous1 however1 and the    
demands on the society's resources were 
so  constant1 that though some large    
donations were afterwards obtained from 
senates1 corporations1 wealthy          
merchants1 ambassadors1 noblemen1 and   
,royal benefactors1 a considerable      
subscription list became necessary in   
order to enable the society to grant    
even partial relief to cases1 the       
urgent claims of which were established 
by careful inquiry4    ,there is a      
wonderful suggestiveness in the list of 

,royal ,benefactors  7deceased71 headed 
by his late ,majesty ,king ,william     
,,iv41 and her late  ,majesty the ,queen
 ,dowager ,adelaide4 ,more than one of  
the ,royal donors  themselves died in   
exile2 and several of those who shared  
their  misfortunes1 and were their      
faithful followers1 have shared the     
small  benefits which the ,society had  
to bestow4 ,his late ,majesty ,king     
,charles  ,x4 of ,france contributed    
#cjj2 ,his late ,majesty ,louis         
,philippe1 #ajj  guineas2 the           
unfortunate ,maximilian1 ,emperor of    
,mexico1 #be2 and his  late ,imperial   
,majesty ,napoleon ,,iii41 #ej3 while   
their ,magnificencies the  ,senates of  
the ,free ,german ,towns1 as well as the
 humbler companies of  ,london's        
citizens1 appear to have given          
liberally4 ,notwithstanding all  this1  
however1 the ,society has not been able 
to retain funded property  to any       
considerable amount1 and it is to the   
annual subscription  list--to which our 

,queen contributes #ajj1 the ,emperor of
 ,germany #ajj1  and the ,emperor of    
,austria #ajj--that the charity must    
look for support4    ,unhappily there   
are evidences that these annual         
subscriptions are fewer  than they      
should be4 ,there seems still to be some
 reluctance on the part  of the general 
public steadily to support an effort    
which has a very  distinct and pressing 
claim upon ,englishmen1 who pride       
themselves1  justly enough1 upon the    
free asylum which this country affords  
to  foreigners1 and who appear ready to 
give largely in the way of  occasional  
aid4 ,the disparity between the number  
of handsome donations  and of very      
moderate annual subscriptions is a      
painful feature of the  ,society's      
report1 and even public appeals have    
hitherto been followed  rather by       
increased applications from persons     
recommending cases for  relief1 without 
accompanying the recommendation with a  
subscription1  than by any decided      

augmentation of the funds4 ,the ,friends
 of ,foreigners  in ,distress are       
principally to be found amongst         
prosperous foreigners in  ,london1 and  
doubtless this is no less than just2 but
 until larger aid is  given by the      
,english public1 we have no particular  
reason to include  this association in  
any boastful estimate of ,british       
charity4    ,that the committee does its
 work carefully1 and that cases of      
distress  are relieved only after due   
inquiry1 and with no such careless hand 
as  would encourage idle dependence or  
promote pauperism1 is evident enough  to
 anybody who will take the trouble to   
inquire into the method of  assistance4 
,let us go and see4    ,perhaps not one 
,londoner in a thousand could tell you  
offhand where to  find ,finsbury        
,chambers4 ,it is probably less known   
even than ,prudent  ,passage1 or what   
was once ,alderman's ,walk2 and may be  
said to be less  attractive than either1
 for it is a dingy1 frowsy1 little      

out-of-the-way  corner in that undecided
 and rather dreary thoroughfare--,london
 ,wall4 ,it  is1 in fact1 a space       
without any outlet1 and looks as though 
it ought to  have been a builder's yard1
 but that the builder took to erecting  
houses  on it as a speculation which    
never answered1 even though they were   
let  out as chambers2 that is to say1 as
 blank rooms and sets of offices1  the  
supposed occupiers whereof committed    
themselves to obscurity by  causing     
their names to be painted on the        
doorposts1 and leaving them  there to   
fade till time and dirt shall wholly    
obliterate them4    ,and yet it is in   
one of these lower rooms1 occupying the 
ground floor of  ,no4 #aj1 that a good  
work is going on2 for here1 in an office
 almost  representatively bare and dingy
 even in that place1 the ,society of    
,friends of ,foreigners in ,distress    
holds its weekly meetings of  directors1
 and the secretary1 ,mr4 ,william       
,charles ,laurie1 or his  assistant1    

,mr4 ,c4 ,p4 ,smith1 gives daily        
attendance 7,saturdays excepted71       
between eleven and one o'clock4         
,assuredly1 the funds of the charity are
  not expended in luxurious appointments
 for its headquarters4 ,even a  ,german 
commission agent just commencing        
business could scarcely have a  more    
simply-furnished apartment4 ,the objects
 which first strike the  visitor's      
attention are a row of japanned tin     
candlesticks1 meant for  the use of the 
board at any of their ,wednesday        
meetings which may be  prolonged till   
after dusk4 ,the furniture1 if it was   
ever new1 must have  been purchased with
 a regard for economy in the very early 
history of  the society4 ,the work is   
evidently so organised as to require no 
long  daily attendance4 ,the place is   
furnished only according to the         
temporary  necessities of business      
quickly dispatched4 ,neither in official
  salaries1 nor in expensive official   
belongings1 are the funds of the        

institution wasted4    ,the system is1  
in fact1 simple enough1 and is conducted
 on the  principles laid down by the    
first meetings of the committee above   
seventy years ago1 with one important   
exception4 ,formerly1 applicants  for   
relief must have been for some time     
resident in ,england2 but changes  in   
transit1 and the more rapid             
intercommunication of nations1 have made
  it necessary that some ready aid      
should be granted to those who find     
themselves cast upon the terrible       
,london wilderness without a friend to  
help them1 ignorant to whom to apply for
 help1 and little able even to  make    
known their sufferings4    ,every       
,wednesday1 then1 the directors meet for
 receiving applications for  relief1 and
 reports of cases that have been        
investigated by the ,visiting           
,committee4    ,the plan adopted is to  
issue to the governors of the charity a 
number of  small tickets1 each of which1
 when signed and bearing the name of the

  applicant for relief1 entitles the    
latter to apply to the weekly  committee
 for an investigation of his case4      
,every subscriber of a guinea  is       
regarded as a governor for a year1 and  
there are1 of course1 life  governors   
also4 ,both these are entitled to       
recommend cases either for  what may be 
termed casual relief1 or for election as
 pensioners to  receive weekly          
assistance 7of from #bs4 to #es41 and in
 cases of  extreme old age or great     
infirmity1 #gs4 #f;d4 a week71 sick     
allowances1 or passage money to enable  
applicants to return to their own       
country4    ,it may easily be believed  
how a small weekly contribution will    
often  save a destitute man or woman1 or
 a poor family1 from that utter         
destitution which would result from the 
inability to pay rent even for a  single
 room2 while in cases of sickness1 the  
regular allowance even of a  very       
trifling sum will enable many a poor    
sufferer to tide over a period  of pain 

and weakness1 during which earnings1    
already small1 are either  reduced or   
cease altogether4    ,in cases of urgent
 necessity four superintendents are     
appointed from the  board of directors1 
with the power to grant immediate       
relief2 and of  course many applicants  
receive temporary assistance from the   
governor  who recommends them1 until    
their case is investigated by the       
committee1  and they are on the list of 
the worthy and indefatigable visitor4   
,after the expulsion of the ,germans    
from ,paris during the late war1 that   
little dingy quadrangle in ,london ,wall
 was filled with a strange crowd  of    
lost and helpless foreigners1 whose     
condition would admit of only a         
temporary inquiry1 and indeed needed    
little investigation1 since want  and   
misery were written legibly enough in   
their faces4 ,for a large  number of    
these1 passage money had to be paid1 and
 the relief was  continued till the     
press of refugees from ,france abated4  

,there was a  special subscription for  
the relief of these poor creatures1     
raised  chiefly among ,german merchants 
living in ,london1 and even now the     
,society has to extend a helping hand to
 some who still remain4    ,any one     
wandering by accident into ,finsbury    
,buildings on a ,wednesday  forenoon1   
would wonder what so many subdued and   
rather anxious-looking  men were waiting
 about for in such an out-of-the-way    
locality--some of  them leaning against 
the wall inside1 others sitting in the  
bare room1  just within the barer       
passage4 ,every one of these has had his
  circumstances carefully inquired into1
 and is in attendance to receive  what  
may be called temporary relief4 ,during 
the official year of my  latest visit   
#aej homeward passages had been paid1   
and in the two years  from #ahga to     
#ahgc the number of persons who received
 relief was #ba1ccc1  who with their    
wives and families represented a        
considerable community  of poverty4     

,during the year #a1ihc grants were made
 of sums varying from  less than #ajs4  
to #a1cbd persons1 #ajs4 to #dca1 #aes4 
to #dg1 #a to  #ace1 and so on to #e1   
which was allowed in a few instances1   
while sick  allowances were granted in  
#bib cases4 ,one important and          
suggestive  feature of this excellent   
,society is that it numbers among its   
members  not only subscribers to other  
charitable institutions1 but members of 
the medical and legal professions1 who  
frequently render their aid to          
applicants free of expense1 in order    
either to relieve them from  suffering1 
or to protect them from the errors or   
impositions to which  their ignorance   
and helplessness might expose them4     
,there is no restriction either as      
regards creed or nationality1 and       
though each case is matter for inquiry1 
the only persons disqualified  for      
receiving relief are those who are      
detected as impostors--persons  who are 
deemed to have sufficient support from  

any other source1 those  who cannot give
 a good reason for having come to this  
country1 and proof  of their having     
striven to obtain work and to labour for
 a maintenance1  those who are proved to
 have been guilty of fraud or immoral   
practices1  and beggars1 or drunken1    
dissolute persons4    ,as regards the   
numbers of persons who have received    
relief since the  institution was       
founded1 there is the tremendous total  
of #ba1fde  applicants on behalf of     
#abi1bii individuals4 ,what an army it  
represents6  ,of these ,germany 7which  
till recently included ,austria1        
,hungary1 and  ,bohemia7 represents     
#ga1iac2 ,sweden and ,norway1 #i1dbb2   
,holland1 #h1hgh2  ,france1 #g1cci2     
,russia1 #g1jjf2 ,italy1 #e1dae2        
,belgium1 #d1egh2 ,denmark1  #d1bae2 the
 ,west ,indies1 #a1gaf2 ,switzerland1   
#a1fhe2 and so on in a  diminishing     
proportion till we come to ,central     
,africa6--a very recent  case1 no doubt4
    ,can any one question the good that 

has been effected by an institution  so 
careful not only to relieve with rigid  
economy1 but also to do its  work on so 
truly voluntary a principle8 ,if the    
temporary and  comparatively casual aid 
afforded to poor and destitute strangers
 works  so beneficially1 however1 the   
pensions1 to which only very extreme    
cases  are elected1 are even still more 
in the nature of help given to those    
who are ready to perish1 ,here are some 
specimen cases3    ,a watchmaker of     
,frankfort1 seventy-four years old1 and 
nearly seventy  years in this country1  
disabled by paralysis1 with a wife1 who 
is a  waistcoat maker1 unable to compete
 with the sewing-machine2 one son1      
twenty years old1 who1 having some small
 situation1 lives with them1  pays the  
rent1 and does what he can2 a boy of    
fourteen who works as an  errand boy4   
,an ,italian looking-glass maker1       
seventy-three years old1 and fifty-three
  years in this country4 ,has lately    
lived by making light frames1 but       

health and strength fail1 and he is     
suffering from asthma4 ,his wife1 an    
,englishwoman1 and aged sixty-six1 works
 as a charwoman4 ,he has two sons1  each
 married and with large families1 so    
that they can do nothing for  him4    ,a
 ,french widow1 sixty-seven years old1  
and thirty-two years in this  country1  
and paralysed for the last thirteen     
years4 ,her only daughter  who is in    
delicate health1 earns her living by    
needlework1 but can  only gain enough   
for her own maintenance4    ,these are  
only three of the first cases in the    
official report of  pensioners1 and they
 are not selected because of their      
peculiarly  distressing character4 ,when
 it is remembered that this society has 
not1  in a general way1 sufficient means
 to grant more than two shillings a     
week in the way of relief1 and when we  
take the trouble to observe that  in the
 majority of cases where a pension is   
granted the recipients have  been so    
long resident here that they may be said

 to have lost their  nationality in     
ours1 will it be too much to ask of     
,england--alike the  asylum for the     
persecuted and the teacher of liberty   
and of  charity--that the ,friends of   
,foreigners in ,distress shall be       
regarded  as the friends of all of us   
alike in the name of ,him of whom it was
  said1 ,can any good thing come out of 
,nazareth8    ,but ,i have not quite    
done with the pensioners4 ,i must ask   
the reader to  go with me to ,lower     
,norwood1 where amidst a strange        
solitude1 that is  almost desolation1 we
 will visit three ladies of the ancien  
rgime1  one of whom1 at least1 began    
life nearly ninety years ago as a       
fitting  playmate for the daughter of a 
king4          ,,with ,,those ,,who     
,,are ,,left ,,desolate4      ,there is 
something about the aspect of ,nature as
 seen from the railway  station at      
,lower ,norwood on a damp and misty day 
which1 if not  depressing1 can scarcely 
be regarded as conducive to unusual     

hilarity4 ,i  speak guardedly because of
 my respect for the district1 and lest  
,i  should in any way be suspected of   
depreciating any particular locality  as
 an eligible place of residence4 ,in the
 latter regard ,i may mention  that the 
immediate neighbourhood of ,lower       
,norwood ,station is not at  present    
converted into a small township by the  
erection of long rows of  tenements on  
freehold or long leasehold plots4 ,my   
remarks apply only to  the general      
outlook from the road1 amidst an        
atmosphere threatening  drizzle1 and    
beneath a sky betokening rain4 ,as far  
as houses are  concerned1 there seemed  
to me1 on the occasion of my last visit1
 far  more probability of pulling down  
than of building4 ,in fact1 ,i went for 
the purpose of inspecting a whole series
 of very remarkable tenements  which ,i 
had heard were soon either to disappear 
from the oozy-looking  green quadrangle 
of which they formed three sides1 or    
were to be  converted to another purpose

 than that of the dwelling-places of a  
few  elderly ladies who occupied one    
dreary side1 whence they could look at  
the desolation of the closed houses on  
the other4#a    ,it will not be without 
regret that ,i shall hear of this       
intention being  carried out1 for the   
houses are devoted to the sheltering of 
alms-folk2  and the alms-folk are the   
elder pensioners of that admirable      
association1 the ,society of the        
,friends of ,foreigners in ,distress1   
which1 for above ninety years1 has been 
doing its useful work among  those who1 
but for its prompt and judicious aid1   
would feel that they  were alone in a   
strange land4    ,as a part of its      
original provision for the relief of    
some of the  applicants who1 after long 
residence in this country1 had fallen   
into a  distressed condition at an age  
when they were unable any longer to     
maintain themselves by their own        
exertions1 the society instituted the   
almshouses at ,lower ,norwood4 ,there is

 now an impression among the  directors 
of the charity that their intentions may
 be carried out in  future by some      
better method than placing a number of  
aged and  frequently infirm persons in a
 comparatively remote group of          
dwellings1  where they are peculiarly   
lonely1 and lack frequent personal      
attention  and general sympathy4 ,there 
can be no doubt that almshouses have    
frequently been associated a little too 
closely with that monastic or           
conventual practice with which they     
mostly originated1 and that the         
retirement1 almost amounting to         
seclusion1 into which the inmates of    
such places are removed1 may be very far
 from affording to the aged the  kind of
 asylum which they most desire4 ,alas1  
in many instances1 to be  placed in an  
almshouse is to be put out of the       
way1--to be conveniently  disposed of2  
with the inference that every possible  
provision has been  made for comfortable
 maintenance4 ,thus1 susceptibilities   

are quieted4  ,the aged pensioners are  
supposed to be periodically visited2    
their wants  attended to by somebody or 
other who sees that they are all right1 
and  the whole matter is conveniently   
forgotten1 except when a casual         
traveller passes a quaint1 ancient1     
mouldy-looking1 but still  picturesque  
block of buildings1 and inquires to what
 charity they  belong2 not without a    
kind of uneasy fancy that there is a    
custom in  this country of burying      
certain old people before their         
time--shutting  them out of the light   
and warmth of every-day companionship2  
or1 to  change the metaphor1 making     
organised charity a kind of ,hooghly1 on
 the  tide of which the aged1 who are   
supposed to be nearing the end of their 
mortal life1 are floated into oblivion  
until the memory of them is  revived by 
death4    ,it is no part of my intention
 to represent that the almshouses at    
,lower  ,norwood bore such a            
significance1 but the conditions to     

which ,i have  referred appear to be so 
inevitable where places like these are  
concerned1 that ,i cannot question the  
good sense of the directors of the      
,charity in determining to supersede    
them1 and to carry on the work by       
annual or monthly pensions only4 ,on    
behalf of the few remaining inmates  of 
these queer1 half-deserted1 and failing 
tenements1 it was desirable  that the   
proposition should be acted on at once1 
and a more comfortable  provision be    
made1 at least1 for those who wait on1  
with constantly  deferred hope1 doubly  
heart-sickening when so little time is  
to be  counted on1 in which something   
will be done before the houses          
themselves1 crumbling to decay1 become  
but a type of their own forlorn  old    
age4    ,it is with some such thoughts  
as these that ,i stand at the entrance  
to  the green1 with last year's weedy   
aftermath still dank and tangled with   
wind and rain4 ,the queer little        
one-storied dark-red houses of the      

quadrangle bear a melancholy resemblance
 to a set of dilapidated and  discarded 
toys1 the box for which has been lost4  
,they are built1 too1 on  a kind of     
foreign-toy pattern1 with queer outside 
staircases1 leading to  street-doors    
under a portico1 which is the only      
entrance to the upper  storey1 the lower
 doors in the quadrangle communicating  
only with the  ground-floor4 ,the crunch
 of my footsteps along the moist path1  
gives no  echo2 the place seems to be   
too dull and lifeless even for that kind
 of  response4 ,the left wing and far   
the greater portion of the centre block 
are still with the silence of desertion4
 ,peering through the dim leaden        
casements1 ,i see only small1 bare1     
empty rooms4 ,there is a sense of       
mildew and of damp plaster peeling from 
the walls1--of leaky  water-pipes1 and a
 humid chill1 which no glowing hearth   
nor bright ,july  weather could utterly 
subdue4 ,such is the feeling with which 
the whole  place strikes me on this     

leaden wintry day1 when the vapour from 
the  engine on the railway trails slowly
 upward to meet the ragged edge of  the 
dun cloud that streams slowly downward2 
when a big1 black dog  crouches on the  
threshold of the village chandler's     
shop1 to get out of  the drizzle2 and   
the butcher1 who has sold out1 closes   
his half-hatch1  with the certainty that
 he may take his afternoon nap by the   
fire1  undisturbed by customers4        
,even when ,i pause before one of the   
little narrow portals to which ,i  have 
been directed1 there are few more signs 
of life1 except that at the  same moment
 ,i hear other footsteps behind me1 and 
a baker stop to  deliver a loaf4 ,this  
is promising1 as far as it goes1 and    
enables me to  present myself           
unostentatiously1 under cover of the    
baker's basket1 to a  lady who opens the
 door4 ,unless ,i am greatly mistaken1  
that lady has a  ,french face1 and as it
 is a ,french lady for whom ,i am to    
inquire1 ,i  begin to think ,i have come

 to the end of my quest4 ,it is evident1
  however1 from the surprised           
questioning look which greets my        
appearance1  that visits from strangers 
are not of very frequent occurrence     
there4 ,i  can trace in the rather      
shrinking recognition accorded to my    
request to  see the lady to whom ,i     
bring an introduction1 the sensitiveness
 that  belongs to that kind of poverty  
which has learned to endure in seclusion
  reverses that would be less bearable  
if they were exposed to a too  obtrusive
 expression of sympathy4 ,it is a       
positive relief to be left  alone for a 
minute1 standing in that narrow lobby1  
looking into a room  which has the      
appearance of a disused scullery1 while 
my errand is made  known in another room
 on the right1 to which ,i am presently 
bidden4 ,it  is a poor little place     
enough2 poor1 and little1 and dim1 even 
for an  almshouse1 and scarcely         
suggestive of comfort though a bright   
fire is  burning in a grate1 which      

somewhat resembles a reduced            
kitchen-range1  and though the table    
which stands beneath the casement bears 
some  preparations for the evening meal1
 and the cheap luxury of a cut orange   
on a plate4 ,the walls are dim1 the     
ceiling cracked and discoloured by  the 
evident overflow of water in the room   
overhead2 the furniture  consists of a  
kind of couch which may do duty for a   
bed by night1 and of  two or three      
,windsor chairs1 one of which has       
already been placed for  me4 ,it is a   
poor place enough2 and yet the lady to  
whom ,i am at once  introduced is ready 
to do its honours with a grace and      
dignity that well  become her appearance
 and her name4 ,madame ,gracieuse       
,b----1 for more  than forty years      
resident in ,england1 and speaking      
,english with a purity  of accent that  
is only rivalled by the more perfect    
music of the ,french  in which she      
addresses me1 has passed the threescore 
years and ten which  are counted as old 

age4 ,yet seeing her sweet1 calm face2  
her smooth1  broad1 intelligent brow2   
the mild1 penetrating scrutiny of her   
gentle  eyes2 the soft hair put back    
under the quaint ,french cap1 shaped    
like a  hood2 those years remain        
uncounted2 until1 with a pleasant smile1
 only  just too placid for vivacity1 she
 tells how she came to this country in  
#ahcj1 after the ruin of the fortunes of
 her house by the revolution  which     
dethroned ,charles ,x41 and made her a  
governess in ,england1 where  so many of
 the old nobility sought a refuge and a 
home4    ,but before this is said1 she  
has presented me to a third lady--to    
whom1  indeed1 my original introduction 
extended--already long past the limit   
of that short period which we call long 
life2 for she is more than  eighty years
 old1 and by reason of the infirmity    
which has lately come  upon her1 does   
not rise to receive me1 but remains     
seated in the couch  by the fire4 ,it is
 a very limited space in which to be    

ceremonious2 but  were this lady sitting
 in one of a suite of grand rooms in    
some  aristocratic mansion1 with all the
 surroundings to which her birth1 her   
high connections1 and the recollection  
of her own personal  accomplishments    
entitle her1 she might not lack the     
homage which too  often only simulates  
respect4    ,it is possible that she may
 long ago have learned to assess it at  
its  true value1 for she has seen it at 
a court where it could not save a  king 
from banishment2 and if we may judge    
from a face with strong  determined     
lineaments1 a brow of concentrated      
power1 and eyes the light  of which even
 the recent paralysis of age has not    
extinguished1 she has  been one who     
could undergo exile1 poverty1 and even  
the sadder calamity  of being forgotten1
 with a wonderful endurance4    ,yes1   
,madame la ,comtesse ,maria de ,comolra1
 friend and fellow-student of  that     
,madame ,adelaide whose name has become 
historical1 when your father  was       

,monsieur l',intendant of the ,duc      
d',orlans1 and when you lived within    
the atmosphere of the ,french court1    
spending quiet days at the easel in     
your painting-room1 or preparing the    
delicate pte of ,svres  porcelain1 on   
which to paint the roses and lilies that
 you loved1 the  grim visions of exile  
and poverty may never have troubled you4
 ,when the  house of ,bourbon crumbled1 
and you escaped from the ruin it had    
made1  you had still your art left to   
solace1 if not to gladden you2 and for a
  time at least you lived by it1 and    
took a new rank by the work that you    
could do4 ,there were flowers in        
,england1 and your hands could still    
place their glowing hues on canvas4     
,witness those pictures of yours that   
now hang on the walls of the gallery of 
the ,crystal ,palace1 or adorn  some    
private collections4 ,witness1 too1 the 
recognition of some of our  own painters
 when ,sir ,charles ,eastlake was       
president of the ,royal  ,academy1 and  

when you found a friendly patron in     
,queen ,adelaide of  gentle memory4     
,alas1 the hand has lost its cunning2   
and if its work is  not altogether      
forgotten1 those who look upon it are   
unaware that you  are living here in    
this poor room--pensioner of a charity  
which1 were it  but supported as it     
might be1 could better lighten your     
declining years4  ,yet ,i will not call 
you desolate1 madame4 ,two faithful     
friends are with  you yet4 ,the sunset  
of your calm life1 whereof the noon was 
broken by so  terrible a storm1 is dim  
enough2 but it goes not down in complete
  darkness4 ,gentle and admiring regard 
survives even in this dull place2  and  
with it the love that can bring tears to
 eyes not over ready to weep  on account
 of selfish sorrows1 and can move ready 
hands to tend you now  that your own    
grow heavy and feeble4#b    ,as ,i      
become more accustomed to the subdued   
light of the room1 ,i note  that amidst 
the confusion of some old pieces of     

furniture or lumber  there are pictures1
 unframed and dim1 leaning against the  
walls4 ,one of  them--a large painting  
of some rare plant1 formerly a curiosity
 in the  ,botanical ,gardens at         
,regent's ,park1 while the rest are     
groups of flowers  and fruit4 ,just     
opposite me1 on the high mantel-piece1  
the canvas broken  here and there near  
the edges1 obscured by the dust and     
smoke that have  dulled their surface1  
are two oil-paintings which ,i venture  
to take down  for a nearer inspection4  
,surely they must have been finished    
when madame  was yet in the prime of her
 art4 ,exquisite in drawing1 delicate in
  colour1 and with a subtle touch that  
gives to each petal the fresh  crumple  
that bespeaks it newly-blown1 and to    
fruit the dewy down that  would make    
even a gourmet linger ere he pressed the
 juice4 ,it is  almost pain to think    
that they are left here uncared for2 and
 yet1 who  knows what influence their   
presence above that dingy shelf may have

 upon  the wandering thoughts and waning
 dreams of her who painted them when    
every new effort of her skill was a keen
 delight8    ,nay1 even as ,i hold them 
to the light1 and in a pause of our chat
  7wherein ,madame la ,comtesse speaks  
slowly and with some difficulty7 say    
some half-involuntary words of          
appreciation1 she has risen1 and stands 
upright by the fire with an earnest look
 in her face and a sudden  gesture of   
awakened interest4 ,the artistic        
instinct is there still1  after more    
than eighty years of life1 and the      
appreciation of the work  animates her  
yet4 ,not with a mere vulgar love of    
praise 7for ,madame is  still la        
,comtesse ,comolra even though she      
spends her days in an  almshouse71 but  
with a recognition that ,i have         
distinguished the best of  the work that
 is left to her to show4 ,i shall not   
readily forget the  sudden look of      
almost eager interest1 the effort to    
speak generous words  of thanks1 as ,i  

bow over her hand to say farewell1 and  
feel that ,i have  been as privileged a 
visitor as though madame had received me
 in a  gilded salon1 at the door of     
which a powdered lacquey stood to       
welcome the coming--speed the parting   
guest4    ,and so with some pleasant    
leave-takings1 and not without          
permission to  see them again1 ,i leave 
these ladies--the fitting               
representatives of an  old nobility and 
an old rgime--to the solitude to which  
they have  retired from a world too     
ready to forget4    ,if by any means for
 the solitude could be substituted a    
pleasant  retirement1 and for the sense 
of desolation and poverty a modest      
provision that would yet include some   
grace and lightness to light their      
declining days1 it would be but little  
after all4    #a ,since this was written
 the ,almshouses have been closed1 and  
their  two or three remaining inmates   
lodged out4    #b ,since these lines    
were written1 ,madame ,comolra has gone 

to her rest4          ,,with ,,them     
,,that ,,go ,,down ,,to ,,the ,,sea ,,in
 ,,ships4      ,it is possible that     
those portions of the sacred history    
which have  reference to the association
 of our ,lord ,jesus ,christ with ships1
 and  the wonderful portions of the     
great narrative where the ,divine ,voice
  seems1 as it were1 to come from the   
sea1 may have a special attraction  for 
us who live in an island and claim a    
kind of maritime dominion4    ,surely   
the words ,lord1 save me1 or ,i perish1 
and the instant response  of the        
outstretched hand of the ,saviour of    
men1 must have been read with  an awful 
joy by many a ,god-fearing sailor on the
 homeward voyage4 ,it is  ,i1 be not    
afraid1 must have come with an intensity
 of meaning to many a  heart which has  
known the peril of the storm1 wherein   
the voice of man  to man has been almost
 inaudible4    ,there is something very 
solemn in the prayers we send up for    
those at  sea4 ,most of us feel a       

heart-throb when we lie awake listening 
to the  mighty murmurs of the wind1 and 
waiting for the shrill shriek with which
  each long terrible blast gathers up   
its forces--a throb which comes of  the 
sudden thought of lonely ships far out  
upon the ocean1 where men are  wrestling
 with the elements1 and looking with    
clenched lips and  straining eyes for   
the lingering dawn4    ,yet1 with all   
this1 it is a national reproach to us   
that until a  comparatively recent date 
we have done little or nothing for our  
sailors--little for those who have been 
ready to maintain the old  supremacy of 
our fleet--almost nothing for that      
greater navy of the  mercantile marine  
to which we are indebted for half the   
necessaries and  for nearly all the     
luxuries which we enjoy4    ,a national 
reproach1 because not only have         
charitable provisions for  destitute1   
sick1 infirm1 or disabled sailors been  
neglected1 but  subscriptions demanded  
by the ,state from seamen of the        

merchant service  were never properly   
applied to relieve the distress of those
 for whom  they were professedly        
received4 ,considerably over a million  
of money has  been contributed by       
merchant seamen1 by deductions of       
sixpences from  their monthly pay for   
the maintenance of ,greenwich ,hospital1
 and in  addition to this there have    
been accumulated in the hands of the    
,government the examination fees of     
masters and mates passing the ,board  of
 ,trade examination1 and the penny fees 
paid by common seamen on  shipment and  
unshipment1 while the unclaimed wages   
and effects of seamen  dying abroad are 
calculated at about #hjjj a year4       
,now there can be no doubt that         
,greenwich ,hospital was originally     
intended to include merchant seamen in  
its provisions1 for the preamble  to the
 original scheme of ,william ,,iii4     
recites1 ,whereas the ,king's most      
excellent ,majesty being anxiously      
desirous to promote the ,trade1         

,navigation1 and ,naval strength of this
 ,kingdom1 and to invite greater        
numbers of his subjects to betake       
themselves to the sea1 hath determined  
to erect a hospital1 c4 ,for this       
purpose sixpence per man per month  was 
to be paid out of the wages of all      
mariners to the support of the          
,hospital1 and every seaman was to be   
registered4 ,why8 ,that the charity     
might be for the relief1 benefit1 or    
advantage of such the said  registered  
,marines1 or ,seamen1 ,watermen1        
,fishermen1 ,lightermen1  ,bargemen1    
,keelmen1 or ,seafaring ,men1 who by    
age1 wounds1 or other  accidents shall  
be disabled for future service at sea1  
and shall not be  in a condition to     
maintain themselves comfortably2 and the
 children of  such disabled seamen2 and 
the widows and children of such of them 
as  shall happen to be slain1 killed1 or
 drowned in sea service1 so far  forth  
as the ,hospital shall be capable to    
receive them1 and the revenue  thereof  

will extend4    ,so far as words went1  
therefore--and subsequent ,acts of      
,parliament  confirmed them--,greenwich 
,hospital was open to all registered    
seamen4  ,the fact has always been1     
however1 that it was barely able to meet
 the  claims made by the disabled and   
infirm sailors of the ,navy alone1 and  
therefore the mercantile marine was     
practically excluded1 while the         
payments were still demanded4    ,now   
let us see what past ,governments did   
for the relief of those old1  infirm1 or
 disabled men who having seen wonders on
 the great deep1  came home and sought  
help4    ,a charitable trust1 called the
 ,merchant ,seamen's ,fund1 had been    
established by merchants and shipowners 
of the ,city of ,london1 who gave  large
 sums to it1 in order to try to make up 
for the injustice by which  these       
sailors were virtually excluded from    
,greenwich ,hospital1 to which  the men 
of the mercantile marine still had to   
pay sixpence a month4 ,by a  remarkably 

knowing piece of legislation1 an ,act   
was passed 7the #bjth of  ,george ,,ii47
 which incorporated the ,merchant       
,seamen's ,fund1 appointed  president   
and governors1 and gave authority to    
purchase land for  building a hospital1 
to help pay for which another sixpence a
 month was  claimed from the pay of     
merchant seamen and masters of merchant 
vessels4    ,not till the year #ahcd1 by
 an ,act passed in the reign of ,william
 ,,iv41  were the merchant sailors      
relieved from compulsory payment to     
,greenwich4  ,they had contributed to   
the hospital for #ach years without     
having  derived any direct benefit from 
it2 and though they were not unwilling  
to subscribe for their brethren in the  
,royal ,navy1 the injustice which       
demanded their contributions1 though    
their own fund was inadequate to  pay   
for the promised building for which it  
was intended1 became too  glaring to be 
continued4 ,it was therefore determined 
that a grant of  #bj1jjj should be made 

to ,greenwich ,hospital out of the      
,consolidated  ,fund1 and that the      
merchant sailors should go on paying    
their shilling a  month for their own   
benefit 7masters paying two shillings71 
and that a  provision for widows and    
children should be included in the      
charity1 the  benefits of which were to 
be extended to ,scotland and ,ireland4  
,the hospital never was built4 ,the     
,board of ,trade taking the management  
of the contributions1 appointed         
trustees1 who were altogether           
incompetent1 and did their duty in a    
perfunctory or careless manner4 ,in     
#ahej1 only #bj1jjj was distributed     
among old1 infirm1 and disabled  seamen1
 while #da1jjj was bestowed on widows   
and children2 the  allowances varying at
 different ports from #a to #g1 each    
place having  its own local government4 
,of course a collapse came4 ,the fund   
was  bankrupt2 and in the following year
 an ,act was passed for winding it      
up--for1 says the ,board of ,trade      

,report1 the ,government has had no     
control over the matter4 ,the ,london   
,corporation and the trustees of        
outports could not by any management    
have prevented the insolvency of  the   
fund1 as long as they were guided by the
 principles which the  several ,acts of 
,parliament laid down 444 the whole     
system was vicious4    ,by the          
winding-up ,act of #ahea compulsory     
contributions ceased2 but those  who    
chose to continue to subscribe          
voluntarily might do so4 ,it is hardly  
to be wondered at that the merchant     
seamen lost confidence in the  paternal 
protection of the ,board of ,trade4 ,a  
few thousand pounds were  left from the 
compulsory contributions1 and when this 
came to be  inquired for1 nobody knew   
anything about it4 ,it had somehow      
slipped out  of the estimates1 and      
nobody could tell what had become of it4
    ,that is what past governments have 
done for poor mercantile ,jack4    ,what
 has the great ,british public done for 

him8 ,not so very much after  all4 ,the 
truth is1 that the sailor1 who has      
always been spoken of as so  dreadfully 
improvident1 has been practically       
regarded as being most  self-helpful4   
,all the time that we have been shaking 
our solemn heads1  and lifting up our   
hands at the improvidence1 the folly1   
and the  extravagance of these          
frequently underpaid and sometimes      
overworked men1  we have made even the  
help that we were willing to extend to  
them in  their deeper necessities       
partially dependent on their own        
constant and  regular subscription to   
the same end4    ,poor improvident      
,jack6--poor thoughtless1 incorrigible  
fellow6--it was  necessary for the      
,government of his country to look after
 him1 in order  to protect him against  
his own want of forethought1 and the    
result has  been to run the ship into   
shoal water1 and go hopelessly to wreck 
without so much as salvage money4       
,jack ashore6 ,don't we all still look  

at the sailor in the light of the  evil 
war-times1 when the king's men were said
 to draw pocketsful of  prize-money and 
to spend it in low debauchery or wild   
wanton folly8 ,even  now we repeat the  
stories of frying watches along with    
beefsteaks and  onions1 or eating       
bank-note sandwiches4 ,nay1 to this day 
in the  fo'c's'le of merchant vessels   
some of the melancholy old songs in     
which  sailors are wont to satirise     
themselves are occasionally sung1       
telling  how            ,when his money 
is all spent1    ,and there's nothing to
 be borrowed and nothing to be lent1    
,in comes the landlord with a frown1    
,saying1 ',jack6 get up1 and let ,john  
sit down1    ,for you are outward       
bound4'    ,there's a world of meaning  
in that grim suggestive summary2 but1   
thank  ,god6 it has less meaning now    
than it once had4 ,until quite lately1  
sailors of merchant ships could be kept 
for days waiting to be paid1  and1      
sickened with lingering for long weary  

hours about the office of  the broker or
 agent who withheld their money1 fell   
into the hands of the  harpies who were1
 and still are constantly on the        
look-out to plunder  them4 ,men with all
 the pure natural longing for home and  
reunion with  those near and dear to    
them1 were compelled to loiter about the
 foul  neighbourhood of the dock where  
their ship discharged its cargo1 lodging
  in some low haunt with evil company1  
and liable to every temptation that  is 
rife in such places1 till too often so  
large a portion of their  hardly-earned 
wages had been forestalled1 that in a   
dreary and desperate  madness of        
dissipation they were tempted to fling  
away the small balance  remaining to    
them1 and to awake to reason only when1 
naked and nearly  destitute1 they were  
compelled to go to sea again1 with a    
slender stock  of clothes1 and a week's 
board and lodging paid for with advance 
notes4    ,from long confinement and    
monotony on shipboard1 the sailor even  

now  comes to a sense of temporary      
freedom1 giddy with the unaccustomed    
sense  of solid ground and the wild toss
 and uproar of the ocean of life in a   
great city4 ,what are still the         
influences which in many seaports await 
him directly his foot touches the shore1
 and sometimes even before he  has come 
over the vessel's side8 ,with a boy's   
recklessness1 a man's  passions1 and the
 unwonted excitement of possessing money
 and boundless  opportunities for       
spending it1 a shoal of landsharks are  
lying ready to  batten on him4 ,the     
tout1 the crimp1 and all the wretches1  
male and  female1 who look upon him as  
their prey1 will never leave him from   
the  time when they watch him roll      
wonderingly on to the landing-stage1    
till  that desperate minute when he     
flings his last handful of small change 
across the tavern counter1 and calls for
 its worth in drink1 since  money is no 
use at sea4    ,this was far more       
frequently the termination of mercantile

 ,jack's spell  ashore1 before the new  
regulations as to prompt payment of     
seamen's  wages came into force4 ,at    
that time you had only to take a morning
 walk  across ,tower ,hill1 where the   
bluff lay figure at the outfitter's door
  stands for ,jack in full feather1 and 
thence to ,america ,square1 or the      
neighbourhood of the ,minories and      
,rosemary ,lane1 to see dozens of poor  
fellows lounging listlessly about the   
doors of pay-agents1 waiting day  after 
day at the street-corners1 with an      
occasional visit to the  public-house1  
and the perpetual consumption of hard   
tobacco4 ,it was  easy afterwards to    
follow ,jack to ,ratcliffe1             
,rotherhithe1 ,shadwell1 and  the       
neighbourhood1 where his friends lay in 
wait for him to spend the  evening2 in  
the tap-rooms of waterside taverns1     
where he sat hopelessly  drinking and   
smoking during a hot summer's afternoon2
 to frowsy1  low-browed shops of cheap  
clothiers1 to hot1 stifling             

dancing-rooms1 to  skittle-alleys behind
 gin-shop bars1 where a sudden brawl    
would call out  knives1 and the use of a
 slung-shot as a weapon would make a    
case of  manslaughter for the coroner2  
to very minor theatres1 where he could  
see  absurd caricatures of himself in   
the stage sailors1 dancing hornpipes    
unknown at sea2 to the dreadful dens of 
,bluegate ,fields and ,tiger  ,bay--to  
any or all of these places you might    
have followed ,jack2 and may  even yet  
follow his fellows who have not yet been
 redeemed from the evil  ways of those  
bad times1 when there were no homes for 
sailors amidst the  bewildering vice and
 misery of maritime ,london1 and other  
seaport towns  of this great mercantile 
island4    ,it so happened that ,i made 
my first intimate acquaintance with the 
one  real1 publicly representative      
,sailors' ,home in ,well ,street1 near  
the  ,london ,docks1 after having seen  
,jack under several of the terrible     
conditions just referred to1 so that1   

with this painful knowledge of him  and 
his ways1 it was with a kind of         
delighted surprise that ,i suddenly     
walked into the great entrance-hall of  
the institution1 where he and his       
fellows were sitting on the benches by  
the wall with the serious1              
contemplative1 almost solemn air which  
is 7in my experience7 the common        
expression of sailors ashore1 and during
 ordinary leisure hours4 ,there  they   
were1 a good ship's crew of them        
altogether1 sitting1 as ,i have  already
 said1 in true sailor fashion--stooping 
forward1 wrists on knees1  lolling on   
sea-chests and clothes-bags1 taking     
short fore-and-aft walks  of six steps  
and a turn in company with some old     
messmate1 smoking1  growling1 chatting1 
and generally enjoying their liberty2   
not without an  eye1 now and then1 to   
the smart officer who had come in to see
 whether  he could pick up a brisk hand 
or two for the mail service4    ,this   
was some five or six years ago1 and it  

is a happy result of the  plan on which 
the ,home was first established 7which  
was intended  ultimately to make the    
institution self-supporting1 if the cost
 of  building were defrayed7 that the   
whole scheme has been so enlarged since 
that time1 that anybody who would see   
what our mercantile seamen are  like1   
may now go and see them1 in a largely   
increasing community1 in  this great    
institution4 ,so many come and go and   
reappear at intervals  represented by   
the length of their voyages1 that       
#aj1abj officers and men  had partaken  
of its inestimable benefits during the  
year from the first  of ,may1 #ahgb1 to 
the end of ,april1 #ahgc4    ,but the   
institution itself was founded in       
earnest faith1 and built with  the      
labour that is consecrated by prayer4   
,both to the ,home and to its  companion
 institution1 the ,refuge for ,destitute
 ,seamen--we will pay a  visit on our   
next meeting4          ,,with ,,them    
,,who ,,were ,,ready ,,to ,,perish4     

,on the #bhth of ,february1 #ahbh1 a    
very terrible calamity happened in the  
place known as ,wellclose ,square1      
,whitechapel4 ,a new theatre called the 
,brunswick1 had been erected there on   
the site of a former building1  known as
 the ,old ,royalty4 ,it had been        
completed in seven months1 and  three   
days afterwards1 during a rehearsal1 the
 whole structure gave way  and fell with
 a crash1 burying ten persons amidst the
 ruins1 and  fearfully injuring several 
others4 ,such a catastrophe was very    
awful1  and the people of the           
neighbourhood looked with an almost     
solemn  curiosity at the wreck of an    
edifice in which they themselves might  
have  met with death suddenly4    ,very 
soon1 however1 they began to regard the 
heap of ruins with  surprise1 for early 
one morning there appeared two officers 
of the ,royal  ,navy1 surrounded by a   
gang of labourers with picks and        
shovels1 and  before these men 7some of 
whom were ,irish ,roman ,catholic7 began

 to work  they listened attentively     
while one of the officers offered up an 
earnest prayer to ,god for a blessing on
 the results of the labour they  were   
about to undertake4 ,morning after      
morning their labour was thus           
sanctified1 and evening after evening it
 was celebrated by the voice of         
thanksgiving1 till at length the ground 
was cleared1 and on the #ajth of  ,june1
 #ahcj1 the first stone of a new        
building was laid4 ,the building was  to
 be a ,home for ,sailors1 and as a      
necessary adjunct to the ,home1 it was  
intended to establish a ,destitute      
,sailors' ,asylum4    ,the two naval    
officers were ,captain 7now ,admiral7   
,george ,c4 ,gambier1 and  ,captain     
,robert ,james ,elliot1 now gone to his 
rest1 who with ,lieutenant  ,robert     
,justice afterwards ,captain1 and now   
with his old comrade1 in the  heavenly  
haven1 had been seeking how to          
ameliorate the condition of  seamen1    
numbers of whom were to be seen         

homeless1 miserable1 and  frequently    
half naked and destitute1 in that foul  
and wretched  neighbourhood about the   
,docks and beyond ,tower ,hill4    ,the 
task was a difficult one1 and might have
 daunted less brave and  hopeful men1   
for it was intended to demolish the     
piratical haunts where  the enemies of  
the sailor lay in wait for his          
destruction2 where crimps  and thieves  
and the keepers of infamous dens held   
their besotted victims  in bondage1     
while they battened on the wages that   
had been earned during  months of       
privation and arduous toil4    ,it was  
necessary1 therefore1 first to provide a
 decent and comfortable  lodging-house  
for the reception of sailors coming into
 port1--a place  where they might safely
 deposit their clothes and their wages1 
and where  they could look out for      
another ship without the evil           
intervention of  crimps or pretended    
agents4 ,it was a part of the intended  
plan also to  establish a savings bank1 

for securing any portion of their wages 
which  they chose to lay by1 or for     
safely transmitting such sums as they   
might  wish to send to their relations4 
,in short1 the design was to provide a  
home for the homeless1 and hold out     
helping hands to those who were  ready  
to perish4    ,those ruins of the       
theatre stood on the very spot for such 
an  establishment1 and the two captains1
 ,gambier and ,elliott1 began by  buying
 the ground and the wreck that stood    
upon it1 not by asking for  public      
subscriptions1 but mostly with their own
 money1 to which was  added a few       
contributions from any of their friends 
who desired to join  in the good work4  
,it is impossible to use more earnest or
 touching words than those in  which the
 late ,rear-,admiral ,sir ,w4 ,e4 ,parry
 spoke of the labours of his  friend and
 fellow-supporter of the ,sailors'      
,home1 in an address to  ,british seamen
 at ,southampton1 in #ahec4 ,and now1 he
 said1 let me just  add that1 from the  

first moment in which ,captain ,elliot  
stood among the  ruins of the ,brunswick
 ,theatre1 till it pleased ,god to      
deprive him of  bodily and mental       
energy1 did that self-denying ,christian
 man devote all  his powers1 his        
talents1 his influence1 and his money1  
to this his  darling object of          
protecting and providing for the comfort
 of sailors4  ,connected with a noble   
family1 and entitled by birth1          
education1 and  station1 to all the     
advantages which the most exalted       
society could give  hm1 he willingly    
relinquished all1 took up his abode in a
 humble  lodging1 surrounded by         
gin-shops1 near the ',home3' denied     
himself most  of the comforts1 it may   
almost be said some of the necessaries  
of life1  in order the more effectually 
to carry out his benevolent design2 and 
for eighteen years of self-denial and   
devotion1 made it the business of  his  
life to superintend this institution4   
,for the noble officer lived to see the 

building for which he had wrought  and  
prayed1 complete and successful4 ,in    
#ahce #cjj sailors could be  received   
and welcomed there4 ,the piratical lairs
 began to empty of some  of those who   
had been shown a way of escape1 and the 
good work went on4  ,in the adjoining   
,seamen's ,church the congregation was  
largely augmented  by the boarders from 
the ,sailors' ,home1 while the ,honorary
 ,chaplain and  the ,missionary attached
 officially to the institution1 became  
not only  parson and preacher1 but      
friendly adviser and instructor1 ready  
to  speak1 to hear1 and to forbear4 ,the
 addition of a book depository1 where   
various useful publications may be      
purchased1 and ,bibles are sold at the  
lowest possible prices1 and in various  
languages1 was a valuable  auxiliary to 
moral and religious instruction1 and at 
once increased the  home-like influences
 of the place4    ,the institution      
having gone on thus prosperously1 under 
the direction of  a goodly number of    

officers and gentlemen1 added to its    
possessions by  acquiring other plots of
 freehold ground1 extending backward to 
,dock  ,street2 and in #ahfc ,lord      
,palmerston laid the stone of an        
entirely new  block of building1 which  
was inaugurated by the ,prince of ,wales
 in #ahfe1  since which time #ejb       
boarders can be received1 each being    
provided with  his separate cabin4      
,since the opening of the institution in
 #ahce it has received #bdf1hee  seamen 
of various countries and from all parts 
of the world4 ,of these  #gb1bcd have   
been old or returned boarders1 and most 
of them have  conducted their money     
transactions through the ,home1 and have
 made  good use of the savings-bank4    
,there are #bgj inmates under that      
protecting roof as ,i step into the     
large entrance hall in ,well ,street    
to-day2 and the two hundred and         
seventy-first has just gone to look     
after his kit and sea-chests1 which     
have been carefully conveyed from the   

,docks by one of the carmen  belonging  
to the institution1 who has ,the        
,sailors' ,home1 ,well ,street1  worked 
in red worsted on his shirt1 and painted
 on the side of the van  from which he  
has just alighted4    ,it is evident    
that our friend ,no4 #bga has been here 
before1 for he knows  exactly where to  
present himself in order to deposit some
 of his more  portable property with the
 cashier or the superintendent4 ,he     
scarcely  looks like a man who will want
 an advance of money1 for he is a smart1
  alert1 bright-eyed fellow1 with a     
quiet air of self-respect about him     
which seems to indicate an account in   
the savings-bank2 but should he be      
hard-up1 he can ask for and receive a   
loan not exceeding twenty  shillings    
directly his chest is deposited in his  
cabin4 ,just now the  chest itself1     
together with its superincumbent bundle1
 stands against  the wall along with    
some other incoming or outgoing boxes1  
more than one  of which are associated  

with brand new cages for parrots1 and   
some  odd-shaped cases evidently        
containing sextants or other nautical   
instruments4 ,there is a whole ship's   
crew1 and a smart one too1 in the  hall 
to-day2 while a small contingent        
occupies the clothing department1  where
 one or two shrewd ,north-countrymen are
 being fitted each with a  new rig1     
knowing well enough that they will be   
better served there  than at any of the 
cheap outfitters 7or the dear ones      
either7 in the  neighbourhood4 ,fine    
blue broadcloth1 pilots1 tweeds1 rough  
weather1 and  petershams are here to    
choose from to measure1 as well as a    
wonderful  collection of hats1 caps1    
underclothing1 hosiery1 neckties1 boots1
 and  shoes so unlike the clumsy        
specimens that swing along with the tin 
pots  and oilskins in some of the little
 low-browed shops about the district1   
that ,i at once discover the reason for 
the smartness and general  neatly-fitted
 look of most of the men and lads now   

pacing up and down1  talking and        
smoking4 ,it is quiet talk for the most 
part1 even when half  a dozen of the    
inmates adjourn to the refreshment-room1
 where they can  obtain a glass of good 
sound beer 7though there is a much more 
general  appreciation of coffee7 and sit
 down comfortably at a table like that  
at  which two serious mates are already 
discussing some knotty point1 which     
will probably last till tea-time4       
,tea-time8 ,there is the half-past five 
o'clock signal gong going now1 and      
light swift steps are to be heard       
running up the stairs into the large    
dining-hall1 where the two hundred and  
seventy-one1 or as many of them  as are 
at home1 sit down like fellows who know 
their business and mean  to do it4 ,it  
is a pleasant business enough1 and one  
soon despatched2 for  there are so many 
big teapots1 that each table is amply   
provided by the  alert attendants1 who  
dispense bread-and-butter1 watercresses1
 salads1  and savoury bloaters and      

slices of ham and tongue1 the latter    
having  been already served by a carver 
who is equal to the occasion4 ,it is    
astonishing how quickly the meal is over
 when its substantial quality is  taken 
into account2 but there is no lack of   
waiters1 the number of  attendants in   
the building being sixty-five1 some of  
whom1 of course1  belong to the         
dormitories and to other departments4   
,the meals here are1 of course1 served  
with the utmost regularity1 and  without
 limit to quantity4 ,breakfast1 with    
cold meat1 fish1 bacon1 and  general    
relishes1 at eight in the morning2      
dinner at one3 consisting  of soup1     
roast and boiled meats1 ample supplies  
of vegetables1  occasional fish1        
stupendous fruit-pies and puddings1 and 
a good  allowance of beer4 ,after tea   
comes a substantial snack for supper1 at
  nine o'clock1 and the doors of the    
institution are kept open to  half-past 
eleven at night2 those who wish to      
remain out later being  required to     

obtain a pass from the superintendent4  
,of course it is requested that the     
boarders come in to meals as  punctually
 as possible2 but those who cannot      
conveniently be present at  the regular 
time1 can have any meal supplied to them
 on application4  ,indeed1 two or three 
belated ones are arriving now1 as we go 
to the end  of the long and lofty       
refectory to look at the crest of the   
late ,admiral  ,sir ,william ,bowles1   
,k4,c4,b41 which1 supported by flags1 is
 painted upon  the wall1 as a memorial  
of a gallant officer and a good friend  
to this  institution and to all sailors4
    ,leaving the dining-hall1 we notice 
a smaller room1 set apart for masters   
and mates who may desire to have their  
meals served here2 and on the  same     
extensive storey is a large and         
comfortable reading-room well  supplied 
with periodicals1 and containing a      
capital library consisting  of          
entertaining and instructive books4     
,the board-room is close by1 and is of  

the size and shape to make an  excellent
 mission-room1 where week-night services
 and meetings of a  religious character 
are held1 and well attended by men who1 
having seen  the wonders of the ,lord   
upon the great deep1 join in ,his       
reasonable  service when they are at    
home and at rest4 ,this vast floor also 
contains  two dormitories3 but most of  
the sleeping cabins are in the second   
and  third floors4    ,there are few    
sights in ,london more remarkable than  
these berths1 which  are1 in fact1      
separate cabins1 each closed by its own 
door1 and  containing bed1 wash-stand1  
chair1 looking-glass1 towels1 and ample 
space for the seachest and personal     
belongings of the occupant4 ,the  cabins
 extend round a large area rising to a  
great height1 and  surrounded above by a
 light gallery reached by an outer      
staircase1 round  which are another     
series of berths exactly resembling the 
lower ones2 so  that there are1 in fact1
 double1 and in one or two dormitories  

treble  tiers of cabins1 and the upper  
ones may be entered without disturbing  
the inmates of those below4 ,one of the 
three-decker areas is of vast  size1    
and1 standing in the upper gallery and  
looking upward to the lofty  roof1 and  
then downward to the clear1 wide1 open  
space between the lower  rooms1 the     
visitor is struck by the admirable      
provision both for light  and           
ventilation2 the former being secured at
 night by means of properly  distributed
 gas jets1 which are of course under the
 care of the night  attendants1 who are 
on watch in each dormitory1 and may be  
summoned at  once in case of illness or 
accident4    ,not only is there         
provision against fire by a length of   
fire-hose  attached to hydrants on each 
storey1 but the water supply to         
lavatories  and for other purposes is   
secured by a cistern holding #d1jjj     
gallons at  the top of the building2 so 
that there is complete circulation      
throughout the various parts of the     

building4    ,it is time that we paid a 
visit to the basement of this great     
institution1 however2 for1 in more      
senses than one1 it may be said to be   
at the foundation of the arrangements4  
,yes1 even with respect to the          
amusements provided for the inmates--for
 while chess1 draughts and  backgammon  
are to be found in the library and      
reading-room1 and  billiards and        
bagatelle hold their own on the great   
landings of the  first storey1 we have  
down here a skittle-alley of a character
 so  remarkable1 that some of us who    
have read ,washington ,irving think of  
the  reverberations of the giants'      
pastime in the mountains1 while we      
wonder  where sailors can first have    
acquired a taste for this particular    
amusement4 ,it is a good and healthy    
one1 however1 and is wisely  provided1  
since it adds one more efficient        
inducement to the men to take  their    
pleasure among their true friends       
instead of seeking it amidst the  evil  

influences of a filthy tavern1 or in the
 garish heat of some vile  ,ratcliff    
,highway bowling-alley1 where men are   
maddened with drugged  drink1 and       
greeted with foul imprecations by the   
harpies who seek to rob  and cheat them4
    ,there is much to see in this       
basement1 and to begin with here is ,no4
 two  hundred and seventy-one sending   
his chest up by the great luggage-lift  
to the second floor1 where he will find 
it presently in his cabin4 ,we  cannot  
stay to speak to him1 however1 for we   
are on the very verge of  the kitchen1  
to which we are1 as it were1 led by the 
nose2 for wafted  thence comes an       
appetising perfume of new bread just    
taken from one of  the great ovens      
devoted to the daily baking4 ,there are 
lingering odours  also of today's       
dinner1 though the meat ovens and the   
great boilers and  hot plates are clean 
and ready for the morrow4 ,the pantry   
door1 too1 is  open1 and there are      
toothsome varieties of plain-eating     

therein1 while  the storerooms savour of
 mingled comforts1 to which the gales of
 ,araby  the blest offer no parallel1   
and the butcher's shop has a calm and   
concentrated sense of meatiness which is
 suggestive to a robust appetite  not   
already satiated with a chunk from one  
of a whole squadron of soft1  new       
currant-cakes4 ,after a peep at the     
large and busy laundry with its         
peculiar moist atmosphere1 the coal and 
beer cellars1 the pumping  machinery and
 boiler-room may be passed by1 and      
little curiosity is  excited by this    
long and convenient apartment where hot 
and cold baths  are prepared to order at
 a merely nominal charge4 ,there is a   
door close  by1 however1 where we stop  
instinctively1 for there is a cheerful  
light  inside1 and a sound of easy and  
yet interrupted conversation which can  
belong to only one department of        
society4 ,there can be no mistake about 
it--a veritable barber's shop1 and a    
gentleman with a preternaturally  clean 

chin complacently surveying himself in a
 looking-glass of limited  dimensions1  
while another waits to be operated upon 
by the skilled  practitioner who carries
 in his face the suggestion of a whole  
ropery of  tough yarns1 and was--or am  
,i mistaken--tonsor to the ,victory or  
to  some ship of war equally famous when
 the ,british seaman shaved close and   
often1 and pigtails had hardly gone out 
of fashion4 ,there is no time for       
testing the great artist's skill this   
evening1 though ,i could almost         
sacrifice a well-grown beard to hear    
some rare old fo'c's'le story4 ,but  no 
story could be more wonderful than the  
plain truth that for all the  generous  
provision in this excellent institution 
the rescued sailor  brought within its  
wholesome influence pays but fifteen    
shillings a  week4 ,yes1 men and        
apprentices1 fifteen shillings2 and     
officers1  eighteen and sixpence4       
,the evening lowers over the outer world
 of ,mint ,street and ,leman ,street1   

and the great blank void of the ,tower  
ditch is full of shadow4 ,standing      
again in the large entrance hall1 which 
reminds one more of shipboard1  now that
 the lights are dotted about it1 leaving
 it still a little dim1  ,i hear the    
trickling of a drinking-fountain1 and   
associated with its  fresh plash hear as
 pleasant a story as any yarn that ever 
the barber  himself could have spun for 
my delight4    ,the fountain1 which is  
of polished ,aberdeen granite1 was      
opened last  ,november in proper style1 
a platform being erected1 and the chair 
being  taken by the ,secretary to the   
,metropolitan ,drinking ,fountains      
,association1 supported by several      
ladies and gentlemen4 ,mr4 ,lee made an 
appropriate speech1 and called attention
 to the gift1 and pointed to the        
inscription2 and it was quite an        
emphatic little observance for the      
inmates who had gathered in the hall on 
the occasion4 ,and well it might  be1   
for the fountain bears this modest      

inscription3--,the gift of  ,william    
,mc,neil1 ,seaman1 in appreciation of   
the great benefits he has  derived on   
the various occasions during which he   
has made the  ,institution his ,home1   
for upwards of #be years4    ,i think   
very little more need be said for the   
,sailors' ,home than is  indicated by   
this plain1 earnest testimony to its    
worth4 ,yet it is  necessary to say one 
more word4 ,this ,sailors' ,home is in a
 way  self-supporting1 and at present   
seeks only the kindly interest of the   
public in case it should ever need      
another response to an appeal for       
extending its sphere of usefulness4 ,not
 a farthing of profit is  permitted to  
any individual engaged in it1 and even  
fees to servants are  prohibited1 though
 the crimps and touts outside endeavour 
to bribe them  sometimes1 to induce     
sailors to go to the common             
lodging-houses1 where  land-rats seek   
their prey4 ,all the profits1 if there  
are any at all1 are  placed to a reserve

 fund for repairs1 improvements1 or     
extensions4 ,at  any rate1 no public    
appeals are being made just now4    ,but
 there is another institution next      
door--another branch of the stem  which 
has grown so sturdily from the seed     
planted by the good  captain--the       
,destitute ,sailors' ,asylum4 ,that is a
 place full of  interest1 though there  
is nothing to see there4 ,nothing but a 
clean  yard1 with means for washing and 
cleansing1 and a purifying oven for     
removing possible infection from        
clothes1 and a great bare room1 just    
comfortably warmed in winter1 and hung  
with rows of hammocks1 like the         
'tween-decks of a ship4    ,that is all2
 but in those hammocks1 sometimes1 poor 
starved and  destitute sailors go to    
sleep1 after they have been fed with    
soup and  warmed and comforted2 and in  
the morning1 when they turn out1 they   
are  fed again with cocoa and bread1 and
 if they are naked they are clothed4    
,there are not very many applicants1    

for1 strange as it may appear1 since    
sailors' homes have come in fashion     
there are but few destitute seamen2  but
 there need be no unrelieved destitute  
sailors at all in ,london1  for anybody 
can send such a one to the ,asylum in   
,well ,street1 ,london  ,docks1 and he  
will be admitted4 ,here then1 is an     
institution that may  claim support4    
,,casting ,,bread ,,upon ,,the ,,waters4
      ,one of the old ,saxon            
commentators on the ,holy ,scriptures1  
in referring  to the passage1 ,cast thy 
bread upon the waters1 and it shall be  
found  after many days1 ventures to     
suggest as a meaning--,give succour to  
poor and afflicted seamen4 ,whatever may
 be the conclusions of critical         
,biblical expositors1 there can be no   
doubt that the pious annotator was      
right in a true--that is1 in a spiritual
 interpretation of the text4    ,should 
it be necessary to appeal twice to the  
,english nation--which has1  as it were 
a savour of sea-salt in its very        

blood--to hold out a helping  hand for  
those who1 having struggled to keep our 
dominion by carrying  the flag of       
,british commerce all round the world1  
are themselves flung  ashore1 weak1 old1
 and helpless1 dependent on the goodwill
 of their  countrymen to take them into 
some quiet harbour1 where they may1 as  
it  were be laid up in ordinary and     
undergo some sort of repairs1 even      
though they should never again be able  
to go a voyage8 ,it is with  feelings of
 something like regret that an average  
,englishman sees the  old hull of a     
sea-going boat lie neglected and uncared
 for on the beach4  ,not without a pang 
can we witness the breaking-up of some  
stout old ship  no longer seaworthy4    
,yet1 unhappily1 we have hitherto given 
scant  attention to the needs of those  
old and infirm seamen1 who having for   
many years contributed out of their     
wages to the funds of the ,naval        
,hospital at ,greenwich1 and having been
 again mulcted of some  subscriptions   

which were to have been specially       
devoted to found an  asylum for         
themselves1 are left with little to look
 forward to but the  workhouse ward     
when1 crippled1 sick1 or feeble with    
age1 they could no  longer tread the    
deck or crack a biscuit4    ,it is true 
that there are now hospitals or         
sick-asylums in connection  with some of
 the sailors' homes at our seaports1 and
 to the general  hospitals any sailor   
can be admitted if he should be able to 
procure a  letter from a governor4 ,the 
'tween-decks of the ,dreadnought no     
longer  form the sole hospital for      
invalided merchant seamen in the ,port  
of  ,london2 but even reckoning all that
 has been done for sailors1 and fresh   
from a visit to that great building     
where three hundred hale and hearty     
seamen of the great mercantile navy find
 a home1 we are left to wonder  that so 
little has been accomplished for those  
old tars who1 having  lived for         
threescore years or more1 going to and  

fro upon the great  deep1 can find no   
certain anchorage1 except within the    
walls of some  union where they may at  
last succeed in claiming a settlement4  
,surely  there is no figure which       
occupies a more prominent place in      
,english  history than that of the      
sailor--not the man-o'-war's man        
only--but the  merchant seaman1 the     
descendant of those followers of the    
great old  navigators who were called   
merchant adventurers1 and who           
practically  founded for ,great ,britain
 new empires beyond the sea4 ,in the    
poetry1 the  songs1 the literature1 the 
political records1 the social           
chronicles1 the  domestic narratives of 
,england1 the sailor holds a place1 and 
even at  our holiday seasons1 when our  
children cluster on the shingly shore or
  the far-stretching brown sands of the 
coast1 we find still that we  belong to 
a nation of which the sailor long stood 
as the chosen  representative4 ,nay1 in 
the midst of the life of a great city we

 cannot  fail to be reminded of the     
daring and the enterprise which has     
helped to  make ,london what it is4     
,the poet1 who1 standing on the bridge  
at midnight1 and listening to the  chime
 of the hour1 found his imagination     
occupied with serious images  and his   
memory with solemn recollections1 would 
have been no less moved  to profound    
contemplation had he been a temporary   
occupant of one of the  great structures
 that span the silent highway of the    
,thames4 ,there is  something in the    
flow of a broad and rapid stream which  
has a peculiar  association with        
thoughts of the struggle and toil of    
human life1 and as  we look on the      
ever-moving tide1 we ask ourselves what 
have we done for  the brave old         
toil-worn men who have seen the wonders 
of the great deep  for so many years1   
and have brought so much to us that we  
can scarcely  speak of food or drink    
without some reminder of their toilsome 
lives and  long voyages8 ,well1 a little

 has been done1--very little when we    
reflect  how much yet remains to be     
accomplished2 and yet much1 regarded as 
a  fair opportunity for doing a great   
deal more4 ,i have already recounted    
some part of the sad story of what a    
provident ,government did when it       
thought to undertake the affairs of poor
 improvident ,jack4 ,how it  collected  
his money1 and neglected to give him the
 benefit of the  enforced subscription2 
how it administered and laid claim to   
his poor  little effects and arrears of 
pay1 if he died abroad and nobody came  
forward to establish a right to them2   
how it demanded additional              
contributions from his monthly wages1 in
 order to show him how to  establish a  
relief fund2 and how somehow the scheme 
went by the board  7of ,trade71 and the 
balance of the money was lost in the    
gulf of the  estimates4    ,as long ago 
as #ahfj it became clear to a number of 
leading merchants1  shipowners1 and     
officers of the mercantile marine that  

nothing was to be  looked for from the  
,state when the subject of making an    
effort to  provide for aged and infirm  
sailors was again urgently brought      
forward2  but it was determined to make 
a definite movement1 and ,the           
,shipwrecked  ,mariners' ,society1 which
 had then #dj1jjj officers and seamen   
among its  subscribers1 was appealed to 
as a body having the power to form the  
required association4    ,it was not    
till #ahfg1 however1 that the actual    
work of providing an  asylum for old    
sailors was commenced4 ,the society had 
then put down the  sum of #e1jjj as a   
good beginning1 a committee had been    
appointed1 of  which the late honoured  
,paymaster ,francis ,lean was the       
indefatigable  honorary secretary1 and  
,captain ,thomas ,tribe the secretary1  
whilst the  list of patrons1 presidents1
 vice-presidents1 and supporters        
included  many eminent noblemen and     
gentlemen who took a true interest in   
the  undertaking4    ,several public    

meetings were held1 and a ,pension and  
,widows' ,fund was  first established4  
,then the committee began to look about 
them for a  suitable house in which to  
begin their real business1 and had their
  attention directed to a large building
 at that time for sale1 situated  on the
 breezy height above ,erith1 and        
formerly well known as the  residence of
 ,sir ,culling ,eardley1 who had named  
it ,belvidere4 ,the  property1 including
 twenty-three acres of surrounding land1
 cost  #ab1adh1 and #e1jjj having       
already been subscribed1 the balance of 
#g1adh was borrowed at five per cent4   
interest4 ,not till the #eth of ,may1   
#ahff1 however1 was the institution     
inaugurated and handed over to a        
committee of management4    ,it is      
admirably suggestive of its present     
occupation1 this fine roomy  old        
mansion1 standing on the sheltered side1
 but near the top1 of the  lofty        
eminence1 whence such a magnificent view
 may be obtained1 not only  of the      

surrounding country1 but of the mighty  
river where it widens and  rushes       
towards the sea4 ,here on the broad     
sloping green1 where the tall  flagstaff
 with its rigging supports the ,union   
,jack1 the old fellows  stroll in the   
sun or look out with a knowing          
weather-eye towards the  shipping going 
down stream1 or sit to smoke and gossip 
on the bench  beneath their spreading   
tree opposite the great cedar1 while the
 cow of  the institution chews the cud  
with a serious look1 as though it had   
someway caught the thoughtful expression
 that characterises turning a  quid4 ,a 
hundred infirm sailors1 each of whom is 
more than sixty years  old1 are serenely
 at their moorings in that spacious     
square-built house1  where the long     
wards are divided into cabins1 each with
 its neat  furniture1 and many of them  
ornamented with the curious             
knick-knacks1  and strange waifs and    
strays of former voyages which sailors  
like to  have about them4 ,there is of  

course a sick-ward1 where those who are 
permanently disabled1 or are suffering  
from illness1 receive medical  attention
 and a special diet2 but the majority of
 the inmates are  comparatively hearty  
still1 though they are disabled1 and can
 no longer  hand reef and steer4        
,there are a hundred inmates in this    
admirable asylum1 and ninety  pensioners
 who are with their friends at the      
various outports of the  kingdom1 each  
receiving a pension of #a a month1      
called the ,mariners'  ,national        
,pension ,fund1 the working management  
of which1 with the  ,widows' ,annuity   
,fund1 is made over to the ,shipwrecked 
,mariners'  ,society4    ,a hundred and 
ninety worn-out and disabled seamen now 
provided for or  assisted1 and a total  
of above #cjj relieved since the opening
 of the  institution4 ,a good and noble 
work truly4 ,but can it be called by so 
great a name as ,national1 when we know 
how large a number of old  sailors are  
yet homeless1 and that at the last      

election there were #aec  candidates who
 could not be assisted because of the   
want of funds to  relieve their         
distress8 ,looking at the number of men 
7#b1jjj to #e1jjj7  lost at sea or by   
shipwreck every year1 and at the inquiry
 which has  been made1 through the      
efforts of ,mr4 ,plimsoll and others1   
with respect  to the conditions under   
which the service of the mercantile     
marine of  this country is carried on1  
is it not a reproach to us that during  
the  nineteen years since this          
institution was founded1 so little has  
been  done8 ,year by year it has been   
hoped that the ,board of ,trade would   
relinquish its claim to take possession 
of the effects of sailors dying  abroad1
 and would transfer the #a1bjj a year   
represented by this  property to the    
funds of the society1 but hitherto the  
committee have  waited in vain4 ,the    
donations from all sources are          
comparatively few2  and though the      
annual subscriptions are numerous1 they 

are rapidly  absorbed4    ,many masters1
 mates1 seamen1 engineers and firemen   
pay to this  institution a subscription 
of five shillings a year1 for which they
 have  a vote at each annual election2  
or any such subscriber may leave his    
votes to accumulate for his own benefit 
when he shall have reached the  age of  
sixty years1 and becomes a candidate for
 admission4    ,one-fifth of the        
candidates admitted are nominated by the
 committee on  the ground of their      
necessities or special claims to the    
benefit of the  charity1 while general  
subscribers or donors have privileges of
 election  according to the amount      
contributed4 ,perhaps one of the most   
touching  records of the subscription   
list is1 that not only did the cadets of
 the  mercantile training-ship          
,worcester contribute something like    
#ajj in  one official year1 but that the
 little fellows on board the union      
training-ship ,goliath lying off ,grays1
 have joined their officers and  their  

commander1 ,captain ,bourchier1 to send 
offerings to the aid of the  ancient    
mariners1 of whom they are the very     
latest representatives4 ,on  many a good
 ship these small collections are made  
for the same object1  and at the        
,sailors' ,home in ,well ,street there  
is a box for stray  contributions2 but  
much more has yet to be done4 ,perhaps  
it is far to go  to see this great house
 on the hill1 but most of us have caught
 a  glimpse of its tall towers and its  
flagstaff in our excursions down the    
silent highway of ,london's river1 and  
it might be well to think how  little   
effort is required to give to each cabin
 its inmate1 and to fill  the           
dining-room with tables1 each with its  
mess of six or eight old  salts1 who are
 ready to greet you heartily if you pay 
them a visit1 and  to salute you with a 
grave seamanlike respect4 ,would you    
like to know  how this rare old crew    
lives in the big house under the lee of 
the  wind-blown hill8 ,to begin with1   

the men who are not invalids turn out at
  eight in winter and half-past seven in
 summer1 and after making beds and      
having a good wash1 go down to prayers  
and breakfast at nine or  half-past     
eight1 breakfast consisting of coffee or
 cocoa and  bread-and-butter4    ,at ten
 o'clock the ward-men1 who are appointed
 in rotation1 go to clean  wards and    
make all tidy1 each inmate being1       
however1 responsible for the  neatness  
of his own cabin1 in which nobody is    
allowed to drive nails in  bulkheads or 
walls1 and no cutting or carving of     
woodwork is permitted4  ,the men not for
 the time employed in tidying up or     
airing bedding1 c41  can1 if they       
choose1 go into the industrial ward1    
where they can work at  several         
occupations for their own profit1 as    
they are only charged for  cost of      
materials4 ,dinner is served in the     
several messes by the  appointed messmen
 at one o'clock1 and consists on        
,sundays of roast beef1  vegetables1 and

 plum-pudding1 and on week-days of roast
 or boiled meat1  soup1 vegetables1 with
 one day a week salt fish1 onions1      
potatoes1 and  plain suet-pudding1 and  
in summer an occasional salad4 ,a pint  
of beer is  allowed for each man4 ,the  
afternoon may be devoted either to work1
 or to  recreation in the reading and   
smoking rooms1 or in the grounds4 ,tea  
and  bread-and-butter are served at     
half-past five in summer and at six in  
winter1 and there is often a supper of  
bread-and-cheese and watercresses  or   
radishes4 ,the evening is devoted to    
recreation1 and at half-past nine  in   
winter1 and ten in summer1 after        
prayers1 lights are put out1 and  every 
one retires for the night4    ,none of  
the inmates are expected to work in the 
industrial wards1 and of  course there  
are various servants and attendants1 all
 of whom are chosen  by preference from 
the families of sailors1 or have        
themselves been at  sea4 ,the whole     
place is kept so orderly1 and everything

 is so  ship-shape1 that there is       
neither waste nor confusion1 and yet    
every man  there is at liberty to go in 
and out when he pleases1 on condition of
  being in at meal-times1 and at the    
time for evening prayers1 any one       
desiring to remain away being required  
to ask permission of the manager4  ,it  
must be mentioned1 too1 that there is an
 allowance of ninepence a  week spending
 money for each inmate4    ,the men are 
comfortably clothed1 in a decent        
sailorly fashion1 and many  of the old  
fellows have still the bright1 alert1   
active look that  belongs to the smart  
hands1 among whom some of them were     
reckoned  nearly half a century ago4    
,the most ancient of these mariners at  
the  time of my first visit was         
ninety-two years old1 and it so happened
 that  ,i saw him on his birthday4 ,he  
came up the broad flight of stairs to   
speak to me1 with a foot that had not   
lost all its lightness1 while the  eye  
that was left to him 7he had lost one by

 accident twenty years  before7 was as  
bright and open as a sailor's should be4
 ,this is a long  time ago1 and ,william
 ,coverdale 7that was his name7 has     
probably gone to  his rest4             
,significantly enough1 at the time of my
 latest visit1 the  oldest              
representative of the last muster-roll  
was ,james ,nelson1 a master  mariner of
 ,downpatrick1 eighty-five years of age2
 while bo's'n ,blanchard  is eighty-one2
 able seaman ,john ,hall1 eighty2       
,william ,terry 7,a4 ,b471  eighty-two1 
and masters1 mates1 quartermasters1     
cooks1 and stewards1  ranged over       
seventy4 ,with many of them this is the 
incurable disability  that keeps them   
ashore2 the sort of complaint which is  
common to sailors  and landsmen alike if
 they live long enough--that of old age4
 ,it will  come one day1 let us hope1 to
 the young ,prince1 whom we may regard  
as  the ,royal representative of the    
,english liking for the sea4 ,for the   
asylum for old and infirm sailors at    

,greenhithe has not been called         
,belvidere for some years now4 ,prince  
,alfred went to look at it one day1  and
 asked leave to become its patron1 since
 which it has been called  ,the ,royal  
,alfred ,aged ,merchant ,seamen's       
,institution--rather a long  name1 but  
then it ought to mean so much4          
,,with ,,the ,,feeble ,,and             
,,faint-,,hearted4      ,is there any   
condition wherein we feel greater need  
of human help and  true loving sympathy 
than in the slow1 feeble creeping from  
sickness to  complete convalescence1    
when the pulse of life beats low1 and   
the  failing foot yet lacks power to    
step across that dim barrier between    
health and sickness--not far from the   
valley of the shadow of death8    ,in   
the bright1 glowing summer-tide1 when   
the sun warms bloodless  creatures into 
renewed life1 our ,english sea-coast    
abounds with  visitors1 among whom near 
and dear friends1 parents1 children1    
slowly  and painfully winning their way 

back to health and strength are the     
objects of peculiar care4 ,in all our   
large towns people who have money  to   
spend are1 at least1 beginning to make  
up their minds where they  shall take   
their autumn holiday2--in many quiet    
health-resorts wealthy  invalids1 and   
some who are not wealthy1 have already  
passed the early  spring and summer2--at
 a score of pleasant watering-places1   
where the  cool sparkling waves break   
upon the ribbed sea-sand1 troops of     
children are already browning in the    
sun1 scores of hearts feel a throb  of  
grateful joy as the glow of health      
begins to touch cheeks lately  pale1 and
 dull eyes brighten under the clear blue
 sky4    ,thousands upon thousands are  
then on their way to that great         
restorer1  the sea1 if it be only for a 
few hours by excursion train4 ,england  
might  seem to have gathered all its    
children at its borders1 and very soon  
we  hear how empty ,london is1 while a  
new excuse for a holiday will be that   

there is nothing doing and nobody is in 
town4 ,and yet throughout the  busy     
streets a throng continues to hurry     
onward in restless activity4  ,only     
well-accustomed observers could see any 
considerable difference in  the great   
thoroughfares of ,london4 ,shops and    
factories look busy enough1  and if     
nothing is doing1 there is a mighty     
pretence of work1 while the  nobodies   
are a formidable portion of the         
population when regarded in the         
aggregate4    ,early in ,august the     
census of our large towns still further 
diminishes4  ,prosperous tradesmen1     
noting the decrease of customers1 begin 
to prepare  to take part in the general 
exodus4 ,gentlefolks have concluded     
bargains for furnished houses on the    
coast and put their dining and          
drawing-rooms into brown holland4 ,in   
,west-,end streets and squares the      
front blinds are drawn1 and all         
inquiries are answered from the areas1  
where charwomen supplement the duties of

 servants on board wages4  ,london is   
empty1 the newspapers say1 and in every 
large town in the  kingdom the great    
outgoing leaves whole districts         
comparatively  untenanted4 ,yet what a  
vast population remains2 what a great   
army of  toiling men and women who go   
about their daily work1 and keep up the 
unceasing buzz of the industrial hive4  
,what troops of children1 who1  except  
for ,sunday-school treats1 would        
scarcely spend a day amidst green       
fields1 or learn how to make a          
daisy-chain1 or hear the soft summer    
wind  rustling the leaves of overhanging
 trees4    ,it would perhaps astonish us
 if we could have set down for us in    
plain  figures how many men and women in
 ,england have never seen the sea2 how  
many people have never spent a week away
 from home1 or had a real long  holiday 
in all their lives4 ,it may be happy for
 them if they are not  compelled by     
sudden sickness or accident1 to fall out
 of the ranks1 and  to leave the plough 

sticking in the furrow4 ,it is not all  
for pleasure  and careless enjoyment    
that the thousands of our wealthy       
brethren and  sisters go to the terraced
 houses1 or handsomely appointed        
mansions1  which await them all round   
the ,english shore4 ,into how many eyes 
tears  must need spring1 when the       
prayers for all who are in sorrow1 need1
 or  adversity are read in seaside      
churches on a summer's ,sunday4 ,by what
  sick-beds1 and couches set at windows 
whence wistful eyes may look out  upon  
the changeful glory of wood and sea and 
sky1 anxious hearts are  throbbing4     
,what silent tears and low murmuring    
cries on behalf of dear  ones on whose  
pale cheeks the ,july roses never more  
may bloom1 mark the  watches of the     
silent night1 when the waves sob        
wakefully upon the  beach4 ,what thrills
 of hope and joy contend with obtrusive 
fears as1 the  golden spears of dawn    
break through the impenetrable          
slate-blue sky1 and  a touch of strength

 and healing is seen to have left its   
mark upon a  brow on which the morning  
kiss is pressed with a keen throb that  
is  itself almost a pang4    ,the first 
faltering footsteps back to life after a
 long illness or a  severe shock1 how   
they need careful guidance4 ,let the    
stronger arm1 the  helping hand1 the    
encouraging eye be ready1 or they may   
fail before the  goal of safety be      
reached4    ,all that is now wanted is  
strength1 careful nursing1 plenty of    
nourishment1 pure air--the seaside if   
possible1 and perhaps the south  coast  
would be best4 ,welcome tidings1 even   
though they herald slow  recovery1 inch 
by inch and day by day1 while watchful  
patience measures  out the time by meat 
and drink1 and the money that will buy  
the means of  comfort or of pleasure1   
becomes but golden sand running through 
the  hour-glass1 which marks each happy 
change4    ,yes2 but what of the poor   
and feeble1 the faint-hearted who1      
having  neither oil nor wine1 nor the   

twopence wherewith to pay for lodging at
  the inn1 must need lie there by the   
way-side1 if no hand is stretched  out  
to help them8    ,while at those famous 
health-resorts1 the names of which are  
to be read  at every railway station1   
and in the advertisement sheets of every
  newspaper1 hundreds and thousands are 
coming back from weakness to  strength1 
there are hundreds and thousands still  
who are discharged from  our great      
metropolitan hospitals1 to creep to     
rooms in dim1 close courts  and alleys1 
where all the tending care that can be  
given them must be  snatched from the   
hours of labour necessary to buy        
medicine and food4  ,how many a poor    
sorrowing soul has said with a sigh1    
,oh6 if ,i could  only send you to the  
sea-side4 ,the doctors all say fresh    
air's the great  thing2 but what's the  
use8 they say the same of pure milk and 
meat and  wine4    ,it may be the father
 who has met with an accident1 and      
cannot get over  the shock of a surgical

 operation--or rheumatic fever may have 
left  mother1 son1 or daughter in that  
terrible condition of utter             
prostration1 when it seems as though we 
were in momentary danger of  floating   
away into a fainting unconsciousness1   
which not being oblivion1  engages us in
 a struggle beyond our waking powers4   
,alas6 in the great summer excursion to 
the coast these poor fainting  brethren 
and sisters are too seldom remembered4  
,here and there a  building is pointed  
out as an infirmary1 a sea-side         
hospital1 or even as  a retreat for     
convalescents1 but the latter           
institutions are so few1 and  the best  
of them are so inadequately supported1  
that they have never yet  been able to  
prove by startling figures the great    
benefits which they  confer upon those  
who are received within their walls4    
,one of the oldest of these truly       
beneficent ,institutions1 ,the ,sea-side
  ,convalescent ,hospital at ,seaford1  
has just completed a new1 plain1 but    

commodious building1 not far from the   
still plainer ,house which has for  many
 years been the ,home of its grateful   
patients4 ,so let us pay a visit  to the
 old place just before its inmates are  
transferred to more ample  quarters1 to 
provide for which new subscriptions are 
needed1 and fresh  efforts are being    
made4 ,the visit will show us how1 in an
 unpretentious  way1 and without costly 
appliances1 such a charitable effort may
 be  worthily maintained4    ,curiously 
enough1 ,seaford itself is an           
illustration of declension from         
strength to weakness1 and of the early  
stages of recovery2 for though it  is   
one of the famous ,cinque ,ports1 it has
 for nearly #bjj years been an  unnoted 
retreat4    ,but it is still a place of 
old1 odd customs1 such as the election  
of the  chief of the municipality at an 
assembly of freemen at a certain        
gate-post in the town1 to which they are
 marshalled by an officer  bearing a    
mace surmounted with the arms of ,queen 

,elizabeth4 ,it is  famous1 too1 for    
,roman and other antiquities1 and its   
queer little  church dedicated to ,st4  
,leonard1 has some rare specimens of    
quaint  carving and a peal of bells     
which are peculiarly musical1 while the 
sounding of the complines on a still    
summer's night is good to hear4 ,in     
fact1 for a mere cluster of houses      
forming an unpretentious and secluded   
town1 almost without shops to attract   
attention1 with scarcely the  suspicion 
of a high street1 and destitute of a    
grand hotel1 ,seaford is  remarkably    
interesting for its legendary lore1 as a
 good many people  know1 who have       
discovered its greatest attraction1 and 
take lodgings at  the dull little place1
 where even the martello tower is       
deserted4 ,the  chief recommendation of 
the place1 however1 is its              
healthfulness1 and  the grand air which 
blows off the sea to the broad stretch  
of shingly  beach1 and the range of     
cliff and down-land which stretches as  

far as  ,beachy ,head1 and rises just   
outside the town into one or two bluffs1
  about which the sea-gulls whirl and   
scream1 as the evening sun dips into    
the sparkling blue of the water4 ,it is 
just at the foot of the boldest  of     
these ascents that we see an            
old-fashioned mansion1 once known as    
,corsica ,hall1 but now more distinctly 
associated with the name of the         
,convalescent ,hospital1 of which it has
 long been the temporary home1 the      
,london offices of the charity being at 
,no4 #h1 ,charing ,cross1 ,london4      
,the institution1 which was founded in  
#ahfj1 has for its president the        
,archbishop of ,canterbury1 and for its 
patronesses the ,duchess of  ,cambridge 
and the ,duchess of ,teck1 and it has   
done its quiet work  efficiently and    
well1 under difficulties which must have
 required  staunch interest on the part 
of its committee4    ,it is difficult at
 first to understand that the big       
many-roomed house  just by the spur of  

the cliff1 and peeping out to see over  
the shingle  ridge1 is in any sense a   
hospital2 but here is a convalescent who
 will  give us a very fair idea of the  
work that is being done2 a tall fellow  
who is but just recovering from acute   
rheumatism1 and is now able to go  about
 slowly but with a cheery1 hopeful look 
in his face4 ,presently1 as  one comes  
near the front door1 a lad1 who having  
come from a hospital  where he has been 
attended for fractured ancle1 has been  
sent here to  recover strength1 is      
hobbling across a poultry-yard1 where a 
grand  company of black ,spanish1       
,polish1 ,cochin ,china1 and other fowls
 are  assembled to be fed1 and beneath a
 pent-house roof in this same yard1 on  
a bench1 which would be well replaced by
 a more comfortable garden-seat  if the 
funds would allow1 there is a sheltered 
and comfortable corner  for the         
afternoon indulgence of a whiff of      
tobacco4 ,twenty-five men and           
twenty-four women are all the inmates1  

besides attendants1 for whom  space can 
be found2 and an inspection of the airy 
and scrupulously clean  dormitories1 or 
rather bedrooms1 on each side of the    
building1 will show  that all the       
accommodation has been made available4  
,it must be  remembered1 however1 that  
as the period of each inmate's stay is  
but a  month of twenty-eight days1 fresh
 cases are constantly admitted during   
all the summer months2 so that though as
 late as at the end of ,march  only     
fourteen men and six women were         
distributed in the wards1 the  average  
number admitted during the last official
 year has been #eaa 7an  increase of    
twenty-four over the year before71 while
 the total number of  cases received    
since the opening of the institution    
amounts to nearly  #e1jjj4    ,there are
 evidences that in this old house1 with 
its long passages1 and  little          
supplementary stairs leading to the     
bedrooms1 economy has been  studied1 and
 yet all that can be done to adapt the  

place to its purpose  has been effected4
 ,the sense of fresh air and cleanliness
 is the first  noticeable               
characteristic4 ,there are no slovenly  
corners2 in  sitting-rooms1 corridors1  
or dormitories1 whether the latter be   
little  rooms with only two or three    
beds1 or either of the large apartments1
  with their wide bay-windows looking   
forth upon the sea4 ,plainly and even   
sparely furnished1 they have an         
appearance of homelike comfort1 and it  
is pleasant to note that in the larger  
bright cheerful room devoted to  women  
patients there are evidences of feminine
 taste and womanly  belongings1 even to 
the egg-cups holding little posies of   
wild flowers  and common garden blooms  
that deck the broad mantelshelf in front
 of the  toilet glasses4 ,the same      
home-like influences are to be observed 
in  other departments1 and though this  
old country house--of which the         
institution holds only a short term as  
tenants--is not altogether suited  for  

the purpose to which it has been        
applied1 the arrangements are not       
without a certain pleasant departure    
from the too formal and mechanical      
routine which is observed in some       
establishments to have a peculiarly     
depressing influence on the sick4       
,the kitchen is like that of some       
good-sized farm-house1 with brick       
floor1 an ample dresser1 and a big      
range1 flanked with its pair of  ovens1 
and just now redolent of the steam of   
juicy ,south-down mutton and  fresh     
vegetables about to be served for the   
patients' dinners4    ,it is a property 
of the ,seaford air to make even persons
 with delicate  appetites ready for     
three plain meals a day1 with a meat    
supper to  follow1 and the convalescents
 are no exception to the rule4 ,tea and 
bread-and-butter for breakfast1         
bread-and-cheese and ale for the men1   
and cake and ale for the women as a     
snack in the way of lunch1 good  roast  
meat and vegetables for dinner1 with    

occasional pies or puddings1  with      
another half-pint of ale2 tea as usual2 
and a supper consisting of  a slice of  
meat1 bread1 and another draught of     
beer--this is the most  ordinary diet2  
but in many cases milk is substituted   
for ale1 and there  is also a morning   
draught of milk1 or rum-and-milk1 a     
lunch or supper of  farinaceous food1   
and wine or special diet1 according to  
the orders of  the house surgeon1 who   
visits the patients daily1 or as often  
as may be  required4 ,following the     
odour of the roast mutton1 we see the   
male  patients preparing to sit down to 
dinner in a good-sized room1 where1 to  
judge from the pleased and grateful     
faces of men and lads1 they are  quite  
ready to do justice to the repast4      
,barely furnished1 and with  table      
appointments of the plainest kind1 the  
dining-room is not  indicative of       
luxury2 but the sauce of hunger is not  
wanting1 and as we  bow our             
leave-taking1 there are signs that the  

money spent at this  ,seaford ,hospital 
is well represented by the wholesome but
 expensive  medicine of pure food and   
drink in ample quantities1 prescribed   
under  conditions which build up the    
strength1 and restore life to the       
enfeebled frames of those to whom a     
month of such living must be an era  in 
their history4    ,the women's          
dining-room is1 ,i am glad to see1 more 
ornamental than that  of the men4 ,the  
walls are bright with gay paper1        
containing large and  brilliantly       
coloured scenery1 while the wide windows
 look seaward1 and  fill the large room 
with cheerful light4    ,this is all the
 more essential as there is no other    
sitting-room for the  female patients1  
and the more convenient furniture1      
especially a low  wooden couch covered  
with a mattress1 is adapted to the needs
 of those  who require indoor recreation
 as well as frequent rest4 ,the men have
 a  separate sitting-room in the        
basement1 not a very cheerful apartment1

  but one which in the warm summer-time 
is cool1 and adapted for the            
after-dinner doze1 or for reading a book
 when the weather is not quite          
favourable for sitting out of doors4    
,there is1 by the bye1 a very decided   
need of entertaining and pleasant  books
 for the patients' library at ,seaford1 
the few which are on the two  or three  
shelves being mostly old1 and of a      
particularly dreary pattern4  ,it is    
obvious that1 in an institution where1  
in order to meet the  constant needs of 
those who seek its aid1 every shilling  
must be  carefully expended1 only a     
small sum can be devoted to literature2 
but  it may only have to be made known  
that the convalescents really need a    
few cheerful volumes to help them along 
the road from sickness to  health1 and  
out of the abundance of some teeming    
library the goodwill  offering may be   
made4    ,it is time that we--that is to
 say1 the kindly and judicious          
secretary1  ,mr4 ,horace ,green1 the    

examining physician1 ,dr4 ,lomas1 and   
the present  writer--should yield to the
 influences of the grand appetising     
climate  of this airy nook of the       
,english coast1 and after a short turn  
into the  poultry-yard1 a glance at the 
deliberate cow1 and a passing greeting  
to  the great black cat with collar and 
bell and a mew that is almost a deep    
bass roar1 and to the most exacting1    
ugly1 and voracious pet dog it was  ever
 my lot to encounter--we accept the     
invitation to test the quality  of the  
,southdown mutton and other ,seaford    
fare1 with a following of that          
delicately boiled rice and jam to which 
the healthy palate returns with         
childlike appreciation4    ,on          
hospitable thoughts intent1 the bright  
and active lady who is  superintendent  
matron of the hospital1 has for the time
 adopted us into  her hungry family1 and
 with the knowledge of the effects of   
the breeze  blowing over that high      
bluff1 and curling the waves along the  

shingle  ridge1 has set out a repast in 
her own pleasant parlour1 where she does
  the honours of the institution with a 
simple cheerful grace that speaks       
favourably for the administration which 
she represents4 ,but ,i should now  be  
writing in the past tense1 for the      
larger building is completed4 ,the      
inmates will have a better appointed    
home4    ,in order to maintain the      
objects of the charity1 and to ensure   
the  comfort of those for whom its      
provisions are intended1 some           
well-considered regulations have to be  
adopted and enforced2 and the  most     
discouraging circumstances with which   
the committee and their  officers have  
to contend1 are those which arise from  
the negligence of  subscribers          
nominating patients1 or from the demands
 made on the charity  by those who      
constantly expect more benefits from the
 institution than  their contributions  
would represent even if they were paid  
three times  over4    ,it is1 perhaps1  

not to be wondered at that people1      
anxious to secure for  their protgs the 
advantages of such means of recovery as 
are  represented by a temporary hospital
 where there has only been one death  in
 five years1 should readily contribute  
their guinea for the sake of  gaining   
the privilege1 even though they may add 
to that small  subscription the five    
shillings a week which is the sum       
required with  each patient4 ,what has  
to be complained of1 however1 is that   
constant  attempts are made to introduce
 cases which are so far from being      
convalescent1 that they are still       
suffering from disease1 and require     
constant medical or surgical treatment4 
,in order to do this1 nominations  are  
frequently obtained from country        
subscribers1 and it has required  the   
constant vigilance of the examining     
physician and the committee to  avoid   
the distressing necessity of obtaining  
for such patients admission  to other   
hospitals1 or sending them back to their

 own homes1 not only  without having    
received benefit from the institution1  
but perhaps  injured by the journey to  
and fro when they were in a weak and    
suffering  condition4    ,it should be  
remembered that the ,seaford ,hospital  
is not for the sick1  but for persons   
recovering from sickness1--those for    
whom the best  medicines are regular and
 ample meals1 grand bracing air1        
sea-baths1  long hours of quiet and     
restorative sleep1 and that general     
direction of  their daily progress      
towards complete recovery1 which will   
often make  them strong and set them up 
completely1 even in the twenty-eight    
days of  their sea-side sojourn4    ,to 
send patients who require the medical   
care and attendance which can  only be  
provided in a hospital for the special  
disorders from which they  suffer1 or   
who are afflicted with incurable        
diseases1 is unjust1 both to  the poor  
creatures themselves and to the charity 
which cannot receive  them4    ,for     

consumptive patients1 except in the     
early or threatening stage of  phthisis1
 ,seaford is unsuitable1 but a month at 
the hospital for  patients of           
consumptive tendency has been known to  
produce remarkably  beneficial results4 
,it is in cases of recovery after       
rheumatism and  rheumatic fever1 or when
 strength is required after painful or  
exhausting surgical operations1 in      
nervous depression1 debility1  pleurisy1
 and recovery from accidents1 that the  
fine air is found to be  wonderfully    
invigorating2 for ,seaford is high and  
dry1 the subsoil being  sand resting on 
chalk1 so that there is little surface  
evaporation1  while the shelter afforded
 by ,beachy ,head screens this little   
bay of the  coast from the east wind4   
,it is not to be wondered at that the   
,archbishop of ,canterbury1 the  ,bishop
 of ,london1 and the late ,bishop of    
,winchester should have joined  many of 
the ,london clergy1 and more than eighty
 of the most eminent  physicians and    

surgeons connected with metropolitan    
hospitals1 to  recommend this charity as
 one especially deserving of public     
support4  ,those who are ever so        
superficially acquainted with the homes 
and  difficulties of the poorer classes 
in ,london know that the period of      
debility after sickness1 when the       
general hospital has discharged the     
patient1 or when the parish doctor has  
taken his leave1 is a terrible  time4   
,too weak to work1 without means to buy 
even common nourishment at  the crisis  
when plentiful food is requisite1 and   
stimulated to try to  labour when the   
heart has only just strength to beat1   
men and women are  ready to faint and to
 perish unless helping hands be held out
 to them4  ,try to imagine some poor    
cabman or omnibus-driver1 lying weak and
  helpless after coming from a hospital2
 think of the domestic servant1  whose  
small savings have all been spent in the
 endeavour to get well  enough to take  
another place2 of the poor little       

wistful1 eager-eyed  errand-boy1        
scantily fed1 and with shaking limbs1   
that will not carry  him fast enough    
about the streets4 ,try to realise what 
a boon it must be  to a letter-carrier1 
slowly recovering from the illness by   
which he has  been smitten down1 or to  
the ,london waiter1 worn and debilitated
 by long  hours of wearying attendance  
to his duties1 to have a month of rest  
and1  re-invigoration at a place like   
this4 ,in the table of inmates during   
the  last few years are to be found a   
host of domestic servants1 mechanics    
and apprentices1 warehousemen and       
labourers1 #cf housewives 7there is     
much significance in that word1 if we   
think of the poor wife or mother  to be 
restored to her husband and children71  
#df needlewomen1 #ai clerks1  #ae       
teachers 7mark that7 #da                
school-children1 #i nurses1 #a          
policeman1 #c  seamen and watermen1 #a  
letter-carrier1 #d errand-boys1 #g      
,scripture-readers1  and others of      

various occupations4    ,it is no       
wonder1 ,i say1 that the general        
hospitals should regard this            
,convalescent ,home at ,seaford as a    
boon2 but1 unfortunately for the        
charity1 the appreciation which it      
receives from some of those wealthy  and
 magnificently-endowed institutions     
operates as a very serious drain  on its
 own limited resources1 which are only  
supplied by voluntary  subscriptions1   
contributions1 and legacies4 ,every     
subscriber of a guinea  annually1 and   
every donor of ten guineas in one sum1  
has the privilege  of recommending one  
patient yearly1 with an additional      
recommendation  for every additional    
subscription of one guinea1 or donation 
of ten  guineas4 ,the payment of five   
shillings a week by each patient        
admitted  is also required by the       
guarantee of a householder written on   
the  nomination paper1 and the          
travelling expenses of the patient must 
also  be paid1 the ,brighton ,railway   

,company most benevolently conveying    
patients to the hospital by their quick 
morning train1 in second-class          
carriages at third-class fare4    ,now  
it is quite obvious that the five       
shillings a week1 though it  removes the
 institution from the position of an    
absolute charity1 goes  but a very short
 distance in providing for the needs of 
the inmates1 and  when the guinea       
contribution is added to it1 there is   
still a very wide  margin to fill before
 much good can be effected4 ,let us see1
 then1 what  is the effect of every     
subscription of a guinea representing a 
claim1 as  in the case of the patients  
sent from the general hospitals4    ,the
 cost of those admirable medicines1 food
 and drink1 wine1 milk1 and  sea-baths1 
together with the expenses of           
administration1 and the rental  will    
represent at least #d #hs4 per head for 
each patient1 and as ,guy's1            
,bartholomew's1 ,st4 ,thomas's1 and the 
,london ,hospitals1 each subscribing    

their ten guineas annually1 demand their
 ten nominations in exchange1  the      
account stands thus3--    ,for each     
case1 five shillings per week for four  
weeks1 and one guinea  subscription  #b 
#as41 which1 deducted from the actual   
cost 7#d  #hs471 leaves #b #gs4 to be   
paid out of the funds of the ,seaford   
,institution1 which1 on ten patients a  
year1 represents #bc #ajs4 as the       
annual contribution of this poor little 
charity to each of the four  great      
charitable foundations of the           
metropolis4    ,but there is now an     
opportunity for acknowledging this      
obligation1 and  for recognizing the    
useful career of this really admirable  
institution4  ,the lease of the present 
house has already expired1 and the      
committee  have been obliged to give up 
possession4 ,it is therefore necessary  
to  support the new hospital for those  
who need the aid that such a charity    
alone can give1 and the building has    
already been erected1 only a few  yards 

further in the shelter of the bluff1    
where it has provided another  home4    
,with a commendable anxiety to keep     
strictly within their probable  means1  
the committee have decided not to       
imitate a too frequent mode of          
proceeding1 by which a large and        
splendid edifice would saddle their     
undertaking with a heavy debt1 and      
perhaps cripple resources needed for    
carrying on their actual work2 but they 
have obtained from ,mr4 ,grning1  the   
architect1 a plain building which will  
provide for their needs for  some time  
to come1 and may be hereafter increased 
in accommodation by  additions that will
 improve1 rather than detract from1 its 
completeness4  ,a great establishment1  
with a hundred beds1 laundries1         
drying-houses1  and hot and cold        
sea-baths on the premises1 would cost   
#ac1jjj2 and as  the actually available 
funds in hand for building purposes were
 not more  than #e1jjj1 with another    
probable #a1jjj added by special        

donations  expected during the year1 the
 committee1 however reluctantly1 folded 
up  the original plan1 and estimated the
 cost of a plain unpretentious          
building1 calculated at first to receive
 thirty-three male and  thirty-three    
female patients1 but capable of         
additions which will raise  its         
usefulness and completeness to the      
higher demand1 whenever there are  funds
 sufficient to pay for them4 ,the       
expenditure for the new hospital  was   
about #gjjj1 and1 should the anticipated
 donations be increased  fourfold1 there
 will be no difficulty in crowning the  
work1 by such  provisions as will       
include the full number of a hundred    
faint and  failing men and women within 
the retreat where they find rest and    
healing4          ,,with ,,the ,,little 
,,ones4      ,yes1 and amidst the       
mystery of suffering and pain1--the     
beginning of  that discipline which     
commences very early1 and continues1 for
 many of  us1 during a whole lifetime1  

at such intervals as may be necessary   
for  the consummation which we can only 
faintly discern when we begin to see    
that which is invisible to the eyes of  
flesh and of human understanding1  and  
is revealed only to the higher          
reason--the essential perception  which 
is called faith4    ,i want you to come 
with me to that eastern district of the 
great city  which has for so long a time
 been associated with accounts of       
distress1  of precarious earnings1 homes
 without food or fire1 scanty clothing1 
dilapidated houses1 dire poverty and the
 diseases that come of cold and         
starvation4 ,the place that ,i shall    
take you to is quite close to the       
,stepney ,station of the ,north ,london 
,railway4 ,the district is known as     
,ratcliff2 the streets down which we    
shall pass are strangely destitute  of  
any but small shops1 where a front      
parlour window contains small  stocks of
 chandlery or of general cheap odds and 
ends4 ,the doorways of  the houses are  

mostly open1 and are occupied by women  
and children1 of  so poor and neglected 
an appearance1 that we need no longer   
wonder at  the constant demands made    
upon the institution which we are about 
to  visit4 ,just here the neighbourhood 
seems to have come to a dreary          
termination at the brink of the river1  
and to be only kept from slipping  into 
the dark current by two or three big    
sheds and wharves1 belonging  to mast1  
rope1 and block-makers1 or others       
connected with that shipping  interest  
the yards of which are1 many of them1   
deserted1 no longer  resounding to the  
noise of hammers4 ,the black spars and  
yards of vessels  alongside seem almost 
to project into the roadway as we turn  
the corner  and stand in front of a     
building1 scarcely to be distinguished  
from its  neighbours1 except for the    
plain inscription on its front1 ,east   
,london  ,hospital for ,children and    
,dispensary for ,women1 and for a rather
 more  recent appearance of having had  

the woodwork painted4 ,but for this     
there  would be little more to attract  
attention than might be seen in any of  
the sail-makers' dwellings1 stores1 and 
lofts in the district2 and1 in  fact1   
the place itself is--or rather was--a   
sail-maker's warehouse1 with  trap-doors
 in the rough and foot-worn floors1     
steep and narrow stairs1  bulks and     
baulks of timber here and there in the  
heavy ceilings and  awkward corners1 not
 easily turned to account in any other  
business4  ,some of these inconveniences
 have been remedied1 and the trap-doors 
as  well as the awkwardest of the       
corners and the bulks have been either  
removed or adapted to present purposes1 
for the business is to provide a  home  
and careful nursing for sick children1  
and the long rooms of the  upper storeys
 are turned into wards1 wherein stand   
rows of ,lilliputian  iron bedsteads1 or
 tiny cribs1 where forty boys and girls1
 some of them  not only babes but       
sucklings1 form the present contingent  

of the hundred  and sixty little ones   
who have been treated during the year4  
,not a very  desirable-looking residence
 you will say1 but there are a good many
  inmates after all2 and the scrupulous 
cleanliness of the place1 as seen  from 
the very passage1 is an earnest of that 
plan of making the best of  things which
 has always been characteristic of this 
hospital at ,ratcliff  ,cross4 ,some    
eight or nine grownup folks1 and from   
thirty to forty  children1 make a       
bright1 cheerful home 7apart from the   
suffering and  death which are          
inseparable from such a place7 in that  
old sail-maker's  warehouse1 if         
brightness and cheerfulness are the     
accompaniments of good  and loving work1
 as ,i thoroughly believe they are4     
,it was during the terrible visitation  
of cholera1 nearly twelve years  ago1   
that this work of mercy was initiated1  
and the manner of its  foundation has   
about it something so pathetic that it  
is fitting the  story should be known1  

especially as the earnest1 hopeful      
effort with  which the enterprise began 
seems to have characterised it to the   
present  day4 ,among the medical men who
 went about in the neighbourhood of     
,poplar  and ,ratcliff during the       
epidemic1 was ,mr4 ,heckford1 a young   
surgeon1  who1 having recently come from
 ,india1 was attached to the ,london    
,hospital1 and who took a constant and  
active part in the professional  duties 
he had undertaken4 ,in that arduous     
work1 he1 as well as others1  received  
valuable and indeed untiring aid from   
the ready skill and  thoughtful care of 
a few ladies1 who1 having qualified     
themselves as  nurses1 devoted          
themselves to the labour of love amongst
 the poor4 ,to  one of this charitable  
sisterhood1 who had been his frequent   
helper in  the time of difficulty and   
danger1 the young surgeon became        
attracted by  the force of a sympathy   
that continued after the plague was     
stayed in  the district to which they   

had given so much care1 and when they   
had  time to think of themselves and of 
each other4 ,they went away together a  
quietly married couple2 both having one 
special aim and object in  relation to  
the beneficent career upon which they   
had entered in  company4 ,knowing from  
hardly-earned experience the dire need  
of the  district1 they at once began to 
consider what they could do to alleviate
  the sufferings of the women and       
children1 so many of whom were sick and 
languishing1 in hunger and pain1 amidst 
conditions which forbade their          
recovery4 ,if only they could make a    
beginning1 and do something towards     
arresting the ravages of those diseases 
that wait on famine and lurk in  foul   
and ftid alleys2--if they could         
establish a dispensary where            
women--mothers too poor to pay a        
doctor--could have medicine and careful 
encouragement2 if they could find a     
place where1 beginning with a small     
family of say half a dozen1 they might  

take a tiny group of infants to  their  
home1 and so set up a centre of         
beneficent action1 a protest  against   
the neglect1 the indifference1 and the  
preventable misery for  which that whole
 neighbourhood had so long had an evil  
distinction4    ,the question was1 how  
to make a beginning3 but the young      
doctor and his  wife had been so        
accustomed to the work of taking help to
 the very doors  of those who needed it1
 that all they wanted was to find a     
place in the  midst of that down-east   
district where they could themselves    
live and  work4 ,out of their own means 
they bought the only available premises 
for  their purpose--a rough1            
dilapidated1 but substantial1 and above 
all1 a  ventilable sail-loft with its   
adjacent house and store-rooms1 and     
there  they quietly established         
themselves as residents1 with ten little
 beds1  holding ten poor little patients
 supported by themselves1 in the hope   
that voluntary aid from some of the     

benevolent persons who knew what was    
the sore need of the neighbourhood would
 enable them in time to add  twenty or  
thirty more1 when the big upper storeys 
should be cleansed and  mended and made 
into wards4 ,that hope was not long in  
being realised1  and on the #bhth of    
,january1 #ahfh1 after a determined     
effort to maintain  the institution and 
to devote themselves to its service1 a  
regular  committee was formed and       
commenced its undertakings1 the founders
 still  remaining and working with      
unselfish zeal4 ,from twenty to thirty  
little  ones were received from out that
 teeming district1 where a large        
hospital with ten times the number of   
beds would not be adequate to the  needs
 of the infant population1 the mothers  
of which have to work to  earn the      
scanty wages which in many cases alone  
keep them from absolute  starvation4    
,the struggle to maintain the wards in  
the old sail-lofts was  all the harder1 
from the knowledge that in at least half

 the number of  cases where admission   
was necessarily refused1 from want of   
space and  want of funds1 the little    
applicants were sent away to die1 or to 
become  helpless invalids or confirmed  
cripples1 not less from the effects of  
destitution--the want of food and       
clothing--than from the nature of the   
diseases from which they were suffering4
    ,the young doctor and his wife dwelt
 there1 and with cultivated tastes  and 
accomplishments submitted to all the    
inconveniences of a small room  or two1 
from which they were almost ousted by   
the increasing need for  space4 ,with a 
bright and cheerful alacrity they       
adapted those very  tastes and          
accomplishments to supplement           
professional skill and tender  assiduous
 care3 the lady--herself in such        
delicate health that her  husband feared
 for her life1 and friends anxiously    
advised her to seek  rest and           
change--used books and music to cheer   
the noble work1 and  always had a       

picture on her easel1 with which to hide
 the awkward bulges  and projections1 or
 to decorate the bare walls and brighten
 them with  light and colour4    ,it was
 at ,christmas-tide seven years ago that
 ,i first visited the  hospital1 and    
there were then very pleasant evidences 
of the season to  be discovered in all  
kinds of festive ornament in the long   
wards1 and  especially in the smaller   
rooms1 where this loving woman had      
attracted  other loving women around    
her1 as nurses to the suffering little  
ones2  and was there and then engaged in
 the superintendence of a glorious      
,christmas-tree4 ,but the time came when
 the hoped-for support having  arrived1 
,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,heckford felt that they 
could leave the family of  forty        
children to the care of those who had   
taken up the work with  heartfelt       
sympathy4 ,they had laboured worthily   
and well1 but1 alas6--the  reward came  
late--late at least for him1 who had    
been anxious to take  his wife away to  

some warmer climate1 in an endeavour to 
restore the  strength that had been     
spent in the long effort to rear a      
permanent  refuge for sick children in  
that dense neighbourhood4 ,it was he who
  stood nearest to shadow-land1--he who 
was soonest to enter into the  light and
 the rest that lay beyond4 ,mr4         
,heckford died1 ,i believe1 at          
,margate1 after a short period of       
leisure and travel1 which his wife      
shared with him4 ,his picture1 presented
 by her to the charity which they  both 
founded1 is to be seen in the boys'     
ward4 ,another portrait of  him--a      
portrait in words written by the late   
,mr4 ,charles ,dickens1 who  visited and
 pathetically described the children and
 their hospital in  ,december1 #ahfh1   
conveys the real likeness of the man4   
,an affecting play was acted in ,paris  
years ago1 called the ,children's       
,doctor4 ,as ,i parted from my          
,children's ,doctor now in question1 ,i 
saw in  his easy black necktie1 in his  

loose-buttoned black frock-coat1 in his 
pensive face1 in the flow of his dark   
hair1 in his eyelashes1 in the  very    
turn of his moustache1 the exact        
realisation of the ,paris artist's      
ideal as it was presented on the stage4 
,but no romancer that ,i know of  has   
had the boldness to prefigure the life  
and home of this young  husband and     
wife1 in the ,children's ,hospital in   
the ,east of ,london4    ,what the      
hospital was then1 it has remained--but 
with such improvements  as increased    
funds and a more complete organisation  
have effected4 ,it is  still the ark of 
refuge for those little ones who1       
smitten with sudden  disease1 or slowly 
fading before the baleful breath of     
famine or of  fever1 or ebbing slowly   
away from life by the fatal influences  
that sap  the constitutions of the young
 in such neighbourhoods1 are taken in   
that  they may be brought back to life1 
or at worst may be lovingly tended1     
that the last messenger may be made to  

bear a smile4    ,but the hope for the  
future of this most admirable           
institution has grown  to fill a larger 
space4 ,it is indeed essential to any   
really permanent  effort in such a      
district that it should be increased1   
and the founders  looked forward with   
earnest anticipations of the time when1 
gathering  help from without1 they could
 enter upon a larger building1 which    
will  soon be completed1 and will be    
more adequate to the needs of such a    
teeming population4 ,the area embracing 
,poplar1 ,mile ,end1 ,whitechapel1  ,st4
 ,george's1 ,limehouse1 ,ratcliff1      
,shadwell1 and ,wapping numbers some    
#djj1jjj inhabitants1 and strangely     
enough--as it will seem to those who    
have not yet learnt the true            
characteristics of the really deserving 
poor--many of the distressed people     
about that quarter will conceal  their  
poverty1 and strive as long as they are 
able--so that when at last  they go to  
ask for aid the case may be almost      

hopeless1 and the delay in  obtaining   
admission may be fatal4 ,there are      
already so many more  applicants than   
can be received that it may be imagined 
what must be the  vast amount of        
alleviable suffering awaiting the       
opportunity of wider  means and a larger
 building4 ,it would be easy to shock   
the reader by  detailing many of the    
more distressing diseases from which the
 poor  little patients suffer1 but on   
visiting the wards you are less shocked 
than saddened1 while the evident rest   
and care which are helping to  restore  
and to sooth the sufferers ease you of  
the greater pain by the  hope that they 
inspire4    ,it is ,sunday noon as we   
stand here in the dull street where1 but
 for the  sudden opening of a frowsy    
tavern and the appearance of two or     
three  thirsty but civil customers1 who 
are not only ready but eager to show    
you the way to the ,childun's           
'orsepital1 there would be little to    
distinguish it from a thoroughfare of   

tenantless houses4 ,ratcliff is at  its 
dinner at present1 but we shall as we go
 back see the male residents  leaning   
against the doorposts smoking1 and the  
women and children  sitting at the doors
 as at a private box at the theatre1    
discussing the  sordid events of the    
streets and the small chronicles of     
their poor  daily lives4    ,but we must
 leave the cleanly-scrubbed waiting-room
 and its adjoining  large cupboard which
 does duty as dispenser's room4 ,it is  
dinnertime  here too1 or rather it has  
been1 and there are evidences of some   
very  jolly feasting1 considering that1 
after all1 the banqueters are mostly  in
 bed and on sick diet1 which in many    
cases means milk1 meat1 eggs1 and  as   
much nourishment as they can safely     
take4 ,indeed1 food is medicine to      
those who are turning the corner towards
 convalescence--food and air--of  which 
latter commodity there is a very        
excellent supply considering the  kind  
of neighbourhood we are in4 ,here and   

there we see a little wan1  pinched1    
wasted face lying on the pillow2 a      
listless1 transparent hand  upon the    
counterpane--which are sad tokens that  
the tiny sufferers are  nearing the     
eternal fold beyond the shadowy         
threshold where all is dark  to us1 who 
note how every breath bespeaks a feebler
 hold on the world of  which they have  
learnt so little in their tiny lives4   
,there are others  who are sitting up   
with picture-books1 or waiting to have  
their  abscesses dressed1 and arms      
bandaged1 or eyes laved with cooling    
lotion4  ,hip-disease and diseases of   
the joints are evidence of the causes   
that  bring so many of the little       
patients here1 and there are severe     
cases of  consumption and of affections 
of the lungs and of the glands2 but as  
the  little fellow wakes up from a short
 nap1 or catches the eye of the lady    
nurse--a lively and thoroughly practical
 ,irishwoman1 who evidently  knows how  
to manage1 and has come here1 after     

special training1 for the  love of doing
 good--they show a beaming recognition  
which is very  pleasant to witness4     
,with all the nurses it is the same4    
,they are young women who1 receiving    
small pay1 have come to devote          
themselves to the work for ,christ's    
sake and the ,gospel's--that is to  say1
 for the love of humanity and of the    
good tidings of great joy that  announce
 the love of ,him who gave ,himself for 
us4    ,in the girls' ward there is the 
same freshness and cleanliness of the   
place and all its belongings1 the same  
wonderful patience and courageous       
endurance on the part of the baby       
inmates1 which has been my wonder ever  
since we went in4 ,here is a mite of a  
girl sitting up in bed1 holding a  moist
 pad to her eye1 her poor little head   
being all bandaged4 ,she never  utters a
 sound1 but the little round face is set
 with a determined  endurance4 ,what is 
she sitting up for8 ,she is waiting to  
see muvver4  ,another little creature1  

who is suffering from abscesses in the  
neck1  submits to have the painful place
 poulticed only on the condition that   
she shall decide1 by keeping her hand   
upon the warm linseed-meal1 when  it is 
cool enough to put on4 ,these are       
scarcely pleasant details1 and  there   
are sights here which are very1 very    
sad1 and make us shrink--but  ,i        
honestly declare that they are redeemed 
from being repulsive because  of the    
evidence of love that is to be          
witnessed1--the awakening of the  tender
 sympathies and sweet responses of the  
childlike heart4 ,but for  its being    
,sunday--which involves another reason  
to be mentioned  presently--the beds    
would be strewed with toys and          
picture-books1 while  a rocking-horse1  
which is a part of the hospital         
property1 and a fit  kind of steed to   
draw the hospital-carriage1 which is    
represented by a  perambulator--would   
probably be saddled and taken out of the
 stable on  the landing4 ,on the topmost

 storey we come to the real infants1 the
  little babies1 one of whom is even now
 in the midst of his dinner1 which  he  
takes from a feeding-bottle1 by the aid 
of an india-rubber tube  conveniently   
traversing his pillow4    ,everywhere   
there are evidences of the care with    
which the work is  carried on1 and as we
 descend to the waiting-room again we   
have fresh  proofs of the benefits that 
are being effected in the great         
district1 by  the provision made for the
 little creatures1 many of whom would   
otherwise be left to linger in pain and 
want4 ,for the waiting-room is          
filled--filled with mothers and elder   
sisters and little brothers1  tearfully 
eager and anxious for the weekly visit  
to the fifty children  upstairs4 ,here  
is the secret of the brave little       
patient faces in the  beds and cots     
above4    ,it is infinitely touching to 
think how the prospect of seeing muvver 
sustains that chubby little             
sufferer1--how the expected visit nerves

 the  stronger ones to endurance1 and   
sends a fresh throb of life through     
those who are still too weak to do more 
than faintly smile1 and hold out  a thin
 pale hand4    ,if ,mr4 ,ashby ,warner1 
the ,secretary at this ,hospital for    
,sick ,children at  ,ratcliff ,cross1   
could but send some responsive thrill   
into the hearts of  those who1 having no
 children of their own1 yet love        
,christ's little  ones all over the     
world1--or could bring home to the fond 
fathers and  mothers of strong and      
chubby babes the conviction that to help
 in this  good work is a fitting        
recognition of their own mercies2 nay1  
if even to  sorrowing souls who have    
been bereaved of their dear ones1 and   
who yet  believe that their angels and  
the angels of these children also1 do   
constantly behold the face of the       
,father which is in heaven1 there would 
come a keen recognition of the          
blessedness of doing something for the  
little ones1 as unto ,him who declares  

them to be of ,his kingdom--there  would
 soon be no lack of funds to finish     
building that great new  hospital at    
,shadwell1 which is to take within its  
walls and great airy  wards so many more
 little patients1 to help and comfort by
 advice and  medicine so many more      
suffering mothers and sisters than could
 be  received in the old sail-loft and  
its lower warehouse at ,ratcliff ,cross4
  ,for the hope of the founders and     
their successors has at last being      
realised--a larger building than they   
had at first dared to expect is to  be  
erected on ground which has been        
purchased1 still within the district    
where the need is greatest--and when the
 time comes that the last touch  of     
carpenter and mason shall have been     
given to the new home1 and the  picture 
of ,mr4 ,heckford shall be hung upon    
another wall1 there may well  be a      
holiday down east--as a day of          
thanksgiving and of gratitude1 to  those
 who may yet help in the work by giving 

of their abundance4          ,,in ,,the 
,,kingdom4      ,of such are the kingdom
 of heaven2 and whosoever doeth it unto 
the  least of these little ones1 doeth  
it unto ,me4 ,surely there is no need   
to comment again on these sayings of    
,him who1 in ,his infinite              
childlikeness1 knew what must be the    
characteristics of ,his subjects1  and  
declared plainly that whosoever should  
enter into the kingdom must  become as a
 little child4 ,one thing is certain1   
that those who are  within that kingdom1
 or expect to qualify themselves for it1
 must learn  something of the ,divine   
sympathy with which ,christ took the    
babes in his  arms and blessed them4    
,thank ,god that there is so much of it 
in this  great suffering city1 and that 
on every hand we see efforts made for   
the  rescue1 the relief1 and the nurture
 of sick and destitute children4  ,would
 that these efforts could relieve us    
from the terrible sights that  should   
make us shudder as we pass through its  

tumultuous streets1 and  witness the    
suffering1 the depravity1 and the want1 
that comes of  neglecting the cry of the
 little ones1 and of those who would    
bring them  to be healed and sanctified4
    ,only just now ,i asked you to go   
with me to ,ratcliff to see the forty   
tiny beds ranged in the rooms of that   
old sail-maker's warehouse which  has   
been converted into a ,hospital for     
,sick ,children4 ,there is something    
about this neighbourhood of ,eastern    
,london that keeps us lingering there   
yet2 something that may well remind us  
of that star which shone above  the     
manger at ,bethlehem where the ,babe    
lay4 ,the glory of the heavenly  light  
has led wise men and women to see how1  
in reverence for the  childlikeness1    
they may work for the coming of the     
kingdom1 and those  who enter upon this 
labour of love1 begin--without          
observation--to find  what that kingdom 
really is1 and to realise more of its   
meaning in their  own hearts4    ,to the

 cradle in a manger the wise men of old 
went to offer gifts4 ,to a  cradle ,i   
would ask you to go with me to-day2 to a
 whole homeful of  cribs2 which is known
 by a word that means crib and manger   
and cradle  all in one--,the ,crche4    
,there is something1 as it seems to me1 
appropriate in this ,french word  to the
 broad thoroughfare 7so like one of the 
outer boulevards of ,paris7  out of     
which we turn when we have walked a     
score or two of yards from  the ,stepney
 ,station1 or where some other visitors 
alight from the big  yellow tramway car 
running from ,aldgate to ,stepney       
,causeway4 ,the  ,causeway itself is a  
clean1 quiet street1 and is so well     
known that the  first passer-by can     
point it out to you1 while1 if the      
inhabitants of  the district can't quite
 master the crunch of the ,french word1 
they  know well enough what you mean    
when you ask for the babies' home1 or   
for ,mrs4 ,hilton's nursery4 ,the home  
itself is but a baby institution1  for  

it is only five years old1 but it might 
be a very ,methuselah if it  were to be 
judged by the tender1 loving care it has
 developed1 and the  good it has        
effected1 not only on behalf of the     
forty sucklings who are  lying in their 
neat little wire cots upstairs1 like so 
many human  fledglings in patent safety 
cages1 and for the forty who are        
sprawling  and toddling about in the    
lower nursery1 or for the contingent who
 are  singing a mighty chorus of open   
vowels on the ground-floor2 but also in 
the hopeful aid and tender sympathy it  
has conveyed to the toiling  mothers who
 leave their little ones here each      
morning when they go out  to earn their 
daily bread1 and fetch them again at    
night1 knowing that  they are fresh and 
clean1 and have been duly nursed and    
fed1 and put to  sleep1 and had their   
share of petting and of play4    ,the   
sound of the forty singing like one is  
not perceptible as we  approach the     
house1 which1 with its large high       

windows open to the soft1  warm air1    
lies very still and quiet4 ,the         
wire-blinds to the windows near  the    
street bear the name of the institution1
 and over the doorway is  inscribed the 
fact that the ,princess ,christian has  
become the patroness  of this charity1  
which appeals to all young mothers1 and 
to every woman  who acknowledges the    
true womanly love for children4 ,each   
day1 from  twelve to four o'clock1      
visitors are welcomed1 except on        
,saturdays1 when  the closing hour is   
two o'clock1 as1 even in some of the    
factories down  east1 the half-holiday  
is observed1 and poor women working at  
bottle-warehouses and other places have 
the happiness of taking home  their     
little ones1 and keeping them to        
themselves till the following  ,monday  
morning4 ,do you feel inclined to       
question whether these poor1  toil-worn 
women appreciate this privilege8 ,are   
you ready to indulge in a  cynical fear 
that they would rather forego the claim 

that they are  expected to assert8      
,believe me you are wrong4 ,one of the  
most hopeful  and encouraging results of
 the tender care bestowed upon these    
babes of  poverty is that of sustaining 
maternal love1 and beautifying even the 
few hours of rest and family reunion in 
the squalid rooms where the  child is   
taken with a sense of hope and pride to 
lighten the burden of  the day4 ,early  
each morning the little creatures are   
brought1 often in  scanty clothing1     
sometimes shoeless1 mostly with a ready 
appetite for  breakfast4 ,then the      
business of matron and nurses begins4   
,but1 come1 let  us go in with the      
children1 and see the very first of it1 
as women1  poorly clad1 coarse of       
feature1 and with the lines of care1 and
 too  frequently with the marks of      
dissipation and of blows upon their     
faces1  come in one by one and leave    
their little living bundles1 not without
 a  certain wistful1 softened expression
 and an occasional lingering loving     

look4    ,the house--stay1 there are    
actually three houses1 knocked into one 
so as  to secure a suite of rooms on    
each floor--is as clean as the          
proverbial  new pin2 and as we ascend   
the short flights of stairs1 there is a 
sense  of lightness and airiness which  
is quite remarkable in such a place1 and
  is by some strange freak of fancy     
associated with the notion of a big1    
pleasant aviary--a notion which is      
strengthened by our coming suddenly     
into the nursery on the first-floor1 and
 noting as the most prominent  object of
 ornament a large cage containing some  
sleek and silken doves1  placed on a    
stand very little above the head of the 
tiniest toddler  there4    ,there is    
enough work for the matron1 her         
assistant1 and the four or five  young  
nurses who receive these welcome little 
guests each morning4 ,the  rows of large
 metal basins on the low stands are     
ready1 and the  morning's ablutions are 
about to commence1 so we will return    

presently1  as people not very likely to
 be useful in the midst of so intricate 
an  operation as the skilful washing and
 dressing of half a hundred babies4     
,there is plenty to see in the          
neighbourhood out of doors1 but we need 
not wander far to find something        
interesting1 for on the ground-floor of 
these three houses which form the       
,crche--the babies' home--provision  has
 also been made for babies' fathers1 in 
the shape of a ,british  ,workman1 or   
working-man's reading1 coffee1 and      
bagatelle room1 with a  library of      
readable books1 and liberty to smoke a  
comfortable pipe4    ,of the servants'  
home1 which is another branch of this   
cluster of  charitable institutions1 we 
have no time to speak now1 for our visit
 is  intended for the ,crche1 and we are
 already summoned to the upper rooms  by
 the sound of infant voices4 ,doubt not 
that you will be welcomed on  the very  
threshold1 for here comes an accredited 
representative of the  institution1 just

 able to creep on all fours to the      
guarded door1 thence  to be caught up by
 the gentle-faced young nurse1 who at   
once consigns  the excursionist to a    
kind of square den or pound1 formed of  
stout bars1  and with the space of floor
 which it encloses covered by a firm    
mattress4 ,there1 in complete safety1   
and with two or three good  serviceable 
and amiably-battered toys1 the young    
athletes who are  beginning to practise 
the difficult feat of walking with      
something to  hold by1 are out of harm's
 way1 and may crawl or totter with      
impunity4  ,they have had their         
breakfast of bread and milk1 and are    
evidently  beginning the day1 some of   
them with a refreshing snooze in the    
little  cribs which stand in a row      
against a wall1 bright1 as all the walls
 are1  with coloured pictures1 while in 
spaces1 or on low tables here and       
there1 bright-hued flowers and fresh    
green plants are arranged1 so that  the 
room1 necessarily bare and unencumbered 

with much furniture1 is so  pleasantly  
light and gay1 that we are again        
reminded of a great  bird-cage4 ,out    
here in a little ante-room is a         
connected row of low1  wooden           
arm-chairs1 made for the people of      
,lilliput1 and each furnished  with a   
little tray or table1 and1 drumming     
expectantly and with a  visible interest
 in the proceeding1 sit a line of little
 creatures1  amidst whom a nurse        
distributes her attentions1 by feeding  
them  carefully with a spoon1 just as so
 many young blackbirds might be fed4    
,already some of the little nurslings   
are sitting up in their cribs1  quietly 
nodding their round little heads over   
some cherished specimen of  doll or     
wooden horse4 ,one wee mite of a girl1  
quite unable to speak1  except          
inarticulately1 holds up the figure of a
 wooden lady of fashion1  with a wistful
 entreaty which we fail to understand1  
till the quick-eyed  lady who           
accompanies us spies a slip of white    

tape in the tiny hand1 and  at once     
divines that it is to be bound about the
 fashionable waist1 as  an appropriate  
scarf1 and at once performs this        
finishing stroke of the  toilet1 to the 
immeasurable satisfaction of everybody  
concerned4 ,this is  in the upper room1 
the real baby nursery1 where the age of 
some of the  inmates is numbered by     
weeks only1 and there is in each        
swinging cot a  sweet1 sleepy sense of  
enjoyment of the bottle which forms the 
necessary  appliance of luncheon-time4  
,at the heads of several of these cots  
are inscribed the names of  charitable  
donors1 happy parents1 bereaved mothers1
 sympathetic women  with babies of their
 own1 either on earth or in heaven1 who 
desire to  show gratitude1 faith1       
remembrance1 by this token of their love
 for the  childlikeness of those they   
love and cherish in their deepest       
memories1  their most ardent hopes4 ,in 
more than one of the little beds there  
are  signs of the poverty or the        

sickliness in which the children were   
born1  and the effects of which this    
home1 with its freshness and light and  
food1 is intended to remedy4 ,no cases  
of actual disease are here1  however1   
since a small infirmary for children    
suffering from more  serious ailments   
has been added to the institution1 and  
the ,sick  ,children's ,hospital is but 
three street lengths distant4    ,the   
first most remarkable experience which  
meets the visitor  unaccustomed to      
observe closely1 is the freshness and   
beauty of the  children in this place4  
,squalid misery1 dirt1 neglect1         
starvation1 so  disguise and debase even
 the children in such neighbourhoods1   
that  squeamish sentimentality turns    
away at the first glance1 and is apt to 
conclude that there are essential       
differences between the infancy of      
,tyburnia or ,mayfair and the babyhood  
of ,ratcliff and ,shadwell4 ,yet ,i     
venture to assert that if ,mr4 ,millais 
or some other great painter were  to    

select his subjects for a picture from  
these rooms of the old house  in        
,stepney ,causeway1 he would leave the  
galleries of ,burlington ,house  echoing
 with little dears1 and what a lovely   
child6 and popular  prejudice would     
conclude that from birth the little     
rosebud mouths were  duly fitted with   
silver spoons instead of being scant    
even of the  bluntest of wooden ladles4 
,at this ,crche at ,stepney ,causeway   
the reasons of the true childlike       
freshness1 alacrity1 and even the       
engaging impetuosity and loving         
confidence which characterise these     
little ones1 is not far to seek4 ,as    
you came up you noticed row after row of
 blue check bags1 hanging in a  current 
of fresh air on the wall of the         
staircase4    ,those bags contain the   
clothes in which these children are     
brought to  the ,home in the morning4   
,they are changed with the morning's    
ablutions1  and clean garments          
substituted for them until the mothers  

come in the  evening to fetch away their
 bairnies1 and by that time they have   
been  aired and sweetened4 ,it is       
noticeable that this has the effect in  
many  instances of inducing the women to
 make praiseworthy efforts to improve   
the appearance of the children1 and1    
indeed1 the whole tendency of the       
treatment of the little ones is to      
develop the tenderness and love which   
lie deep down in the hearts of the      
mothers4 ,even the endearing nicknames  
almost instinctively bestowed upon the  
tiny darlings have a share in  promoting
 this feeling1 and the pretty rosy plump
 little creatures1 or  the quaint       
expressive bright-eyed babies1 who are  
called ,rosie1  ,katie1 ,pet1 ,little   
,old ,lady1 and so on1 all have a kind  
of happy  individuality of their own in 
the regards of the dear lady who founded
  and still directs the institution1 and
 in those of the nurses who tend  them4 
,sometimes the names arise from some    
little incident occurring when  the     

children are first brought there1 as    
well as from the engaging looks  and    
manners of the little ones themselves4  
,the ,king1 is a really fine  baby-boy1 
the recognised monarch of the upper     
nursery1 but his sway is  strictly      
constitutional2 while a pretty little   
wistful1 plump lassie1 is               
good-humouredly known as ,water         
,cresses1 and has no reason to be       
ashamed of the name1 for it designates  
the business by which a  hard-working   
mother and elder sister earn the daily  
bread for the  family4    ,did ,i say   
that the charge for each child is       
twopence daily8 ,nominally it  is so2   
and let those who desire to know        
something of the real annals of  the    
poor remember that even this small      
sum--which of course cannot  adequately 
represent anything like the cost--is not
 easily subtracted  from the scanty     
earnings of poor women engaged in       
slopwork1 or selling  dried fish1       
plants1 crockery1 and small wares in the

 streets1 or going  out to work in      
warehouses1 rope-walks1 match-making1   
box-making1 and  other poor employments1
 where the daily wages will not reach to
  shillings1 and sometimes are          
represented only in the pence column4   
,let  it be remembered1 too1 that the   
husbands of these women 7those who are  
not prematurely widows1 or whose        
husbands have not deserted them7 are    
employed as dock labourers1 and are     
often under the terrible curse of       
drink1 or are in prison1 while the women
 struggle on to support the  little     
ones1 who but for this institution1     
would perhaps be  left--hungry1 naked1  
and sickly--to the care of children only
 two or  three years older than         
themselves2 or would be locked in       
wretched rooms  without food or fire    
till the mother could toil homeward1    
with the  temptation of a score of      
gin-shops in the way4    ,each of the   
bright intelligent little faces now     
before us has its  history1 and a very  

suggestive and pathetic history too4    
,look at this little creature1 whose pet
 name of ,fairy bespeaks the  loving    
care which her destitute babyhood calls 
forth2 she is only ten  months old1 and 
her mother is but nineteen1 the widow of
 a sailor lost  at sea two months before
 the baby was born4    ,katie1 of the   
adult age of five years1 is the child of
 a man who works  on barges4 ,rosie1 one
 of the first inmates1 has a drunken    
dock-labourer  for a father1 and her    
mother is dead4 ,dicky represents the   
children  whose father1 going out to sea
 in search of better fortune for wife   
and  children1 is no more heard of1 and 
is supposed to be dead4 ,the ,king is   
fatherless1 and his mother works in a   
bottle-warehouse4 ,the pathetic  stories
 of these children is told by ,mrs4     
,hilton herself1 in the little  simple  
reports of this most admirable charity4 
,they are so touching1  that ,i cannot  
hope to reproduce them in any language  
so likely to go  straight to the heart  

as that in which you may read them for  
yourself if  you will either visit the  
,crche1 or send ever so small a         
donation1 and  ask for a copy of the    
modest brown-covered little chronicle of
 these  baby-lives4 ,standing here in   
the two nurseries1 where the dolls and  
,noah's arks1 the pictures and the      
doves1 nay1 even the baby-jumpers       
suspended from the ceilings1 are but    
accessories to the clasp of loving  arms
 and the softly-spoken words of tender  
womanly kindness1 ,i wonder  why all one
 side of ,stepney ,causeway has not been
 demanded by a  discriminating public   
for the extension of such an            
institution4  ,loitering in the lower   
room1 where one little bright face is   
lifted up  to mine1 as the tiny hands   
pluck at my coat-skirt1 and another     
chubby  fist is busy with my            
walking-stick1 ,i begin to think of the 
workhouse  ward1 where mothers are      
separated from their children night and 
day2 of  a prison1 where ,i have seen a 

troop of little boys1 and a             
flogging-room  provided by a beneficent 
,government for the recognition by the  
,state of  children who had qualified   
themselves for notice by the commission 
of  what the law called crime4    ,a    
pleasant odour of minced beef1 gravy1   
and vegetables1 known as ,irish  stew1  
begins to steal upon the air4 ,the      
wooden benches in one of the  rooms are 
suddenly turned back1 and like a        
conjuring trick1 convert  themselves    
into tiny arm-chairs1 with convenient   
trays in front for  plates and spoons4  
,the little voices--forty like          
one--strike up a fresh  chant1 and a    
whisper of rice-pudding is heard4 ,so we
 go out1 wondering  still1 and with a   
wish that from every nursery where      
children lisp  grace before meat1 some  
gracious message could be brought to aid
 and  strengthen those who believe with 
me that the most profitable investment  
of political economy1 the most certain  
effort of philanthropy1 is to  begin    

with the men and women of the future1   
and so abate the fearful  threatenings  
of coming pauperism1 and the still more 
terrible menace of  a permanent criminal
 class4    ,the policy of the           
authorities1 says ,mrs4 ,hilton1 in her 
interesting  narrative of the ,crche1 in
 stopping outdoor relief to poor widows 
with  children is causing much sorrow4  
,the #bs4 #f;d4 or #cs4 received from   
the parish secured their rent1 and they 
managed1 with shirt-making or           
trouser-finishing1 to earn a bare       
subsistence2 but now the battle for a   
mere existence is terrible4 ,doubtless1 
the children would be better  cared for 
in the ,house1 but mothers cannot be    
persuaded to give them up4  ,one such   
case has just passed under my notice2   
but the woman shall speak  for herself4 
',oh1 ,mrs4 ,hilton1 they have taken off
 my relief6--,i1 with  four little ones 
who cannot even put on their shoes and  
stockings4 ,they  offer me the ,house2  
but ,i never can give up my children4   

,look at baby2  he is ten months old2   
his father died of small-pox six months 
before he  was born2 he was only ill    
five days4' ,i told her ,i was afraid   
she would  not be able to earn enough to
 keep them all4 ',well1' she said1 ',i  
must  try--,i will never go into the    
,house4'    ,but these women have very  
little feeling for their children1 they 
are  so low and brutalised4 ,are they8  
,let those who think so visit this      
,cradle ,home1 and witness the bearing  
of the mothers who come to take  their  
little ones home1 or to nurse the       
sucklings at intervals snatched  from   
work4 ,let them hear what such poor     
women will do for children not  their   
own1 even to the extent 7as recently    
took place1 in one instance1  at least7 
of sharing with their less necessitous  
babes the natural  sustenance that the  
mother cannot always give4              
,sixty-five children received daily and 
a hundred or more on the books1  with   
space needed for many more than can be  

admitted2 children who1 some  of them   
infants as they are1 have learned to    
lisp profane oaths and  babble in foul  
language1 and to give way to furious    
outbursts of  passion1 the result of    
neglect and evil example1 and the life  
of the  street and the gutter4 ,it is   
but a short time1 however1 before this  
strange dreadful phase of the distorted 
child mind disappears1 and the  pet name
 is bestowed along with the gentle      
kindness that obliterates the  evil     
mimicry of sin4 ,the baby taken home    
from this purer atmosphere of  love     
becomes a messenger of grace to many a  
poor household1 as the short  annals of 
the ,crche will tell2 and even the pet  
names themselves are  adopted by the    
mothers in speaking of and to their own 
children4 ,one  short story from the    
first report sent out by ,mrs4 ,hilton1 
and we will  go our way with a hope that
 some words of ours may win a fresh     
interest  for these little ones4    ,a  
precious babe died1 and the mother1 too 

poor to bury it1 sent for a  parish     
coffin4 ,the child was very dear to us1 
and we had named her our  nursery ,queen
 which had degenerated into ',queenie4' 
,it was a sore trial  to us to see the  
golden curls mingled with sawdust1 which
 is all that  was placed in the coffin2 
and yet we could not spend public funds 
on the  funeral1 and feared to do it    
privately4 ,in a few hours a mother came
 and  said1 ',come and look at your     
,queenie now4' ,we went and saw that    
loving  hands had softened all the harsh
 outlines4 ,a little bed and pillow had 
been provided1 a frill placed round the 
edge1 and some children had lain        
fresh-gathered flowers on the darling's 
breast4 ,the cost had been  #i;d41 paid 
for by those mothers1 and although so   
freely and lovingly  given1 it was the  
price of more than a meal each4    ,if  
every mother in ,london with a          
well-stocked larder would give the      
price of a meal for the sake of a living
 child--but1 there6 my duty is  not to  

beg1 but to describe4          ,,with   
,,lost ,,lambs4      ,only quite lately 
,i had to write about the old ,french   
colony in  ,spitalfields1 and of the    
changes that have come over entire      
neighbourhoods which were once          
associated with what is now a failing   
industry1 or rather with one which1 so  
far as ,london is concerned1 has  nearly
 died out altogether4    ,not that the  
public has ceased to hear sundry reports
 of those quarters  of the metropolis of
 which the name of ,bethnal ,green is an
 indication as  suggesting dire poverty1
 neglected dwellings1 poorly-paid       
callings1 and  constant distress4 ,some 
few years ago it became quite a fashion 
for  newspaper special reporters        
7following in the wake of one or two    
writers  who had begun to tell the world
 something of the truth of what they    
knew  of these sad regions7 to make     
sudden amateur excursions beyond        
,shoreditch1 for the purpose of picking 
up material for lurid articles  about   

foul tenements1 fever1 hunger1 want1 and
 crime4 ,bethnal ,green  became quite a 
by-word1 even at the ,west ,end1 and    
certain spasmodic  efforts in the       
direction of charitable relief were made
 by well-meaning  people1 so that for a 
time there was danger of a new kind of  
demoralisation of the low neighbourhood1
 and the price of lodgings1  even in the
 wretched tenements of its notorious    
streets1 were expected  to rise in      
proportion to the demand made by        
emigrants from other less  favoured     
localities1 to which the special        
correspondent had not at that  time     
penetrated4 ,one good work was effected 
by the attention of sanitary            
authorities being called to the fever   
dens during a time of terrible          
epidemic1 and a certain provision of    
medical aid1 together with  purification
 of drains1 whitewashing of rooms1 and  
clearing of sties and  dustheaps1 was   
the result4 ,this was but temporary1    
however2 and those  who best know the   

neighbourhood lying between ,shoreditch 
and ,bethnal  ,green1 and disclaimed by 
the local authorities of both because of
 its  misery and dilapidation1 are also 
aware that in various parts of the      
whole great district from the ,hackney  
,road to ,bishopsgate1 and so  embracing
 ,spitalfields and part of ,whitechapel1
 far away to ,mile ,end and  ,twig      
,folly1 there can be discovered more of 
want1 hunger1 and disease  than could   
exist in any free city under heaven1 if 
men were not such  hypocrites as to defy
 and disregard the laws which yet they  
claim to  have a hand in framing1 and a 
power to enforce4    ,only those who are
 personally acquainted with such a      
district can  conceive what is the      
condition of the children of its        
streets1 and yet  every ordinary        
wayfarer of the ,london thoroughfares   
may note to what a  life some of them   
are committed4 ,about the outskirts of  
the markets1  round the entrances to    
railway stations1 cowering in the       

shadows of dark  arches1 or scrambling  
and begging by the doors of gin-shops   
and taverns1  the boys--and what is even
 worse1 the girls--are to be seen daily 
and  nightly1 uncared for1 till they    
have learnt how to claim the attention  
of a paternal government by an offence  
against the law4 ,when once the  child1 
who is a mere unnoted fraction of the   
population1 has so far  matriculated in 
crime as to warrant the interposition of
 the police1 he  or she becomes an      
integer of sufficient importance to be  
dealt with by a  magistrate4 ,let an    
infancy of neglect and starvation lead  
to the  reckless pilfering of a scrap of
 food from a counter1 or the abstraction
  of something eatable or saleable from 
a market-cart or a porter's sack1  and  
the little unclassified wretch is added 
as another unit to a body  recognised1  
and in some sense cared for1 by the     
,state4 ,as a member of  the great      
criminal class1 the juvenile thief      
becomes of immediate  importance4 ,even 

though the few juvenile criminal        
reformatories be full1  the gaol doors  
are open1 and the teachings of evil     
companionship are  consummated by the   
prison brand4 ,the individual war       
against society  gains strength and     
purpose1 for society itself has         
acknowledged and  resented it4 ,the     
child has entered on a career1 and      
unless some extra  legal interposition  
shall succeed in changing the course of 
the juvenile  offender by assuming a    
better guardianship1 the boy may become 
an  habitual thief1 a full-fledged      
,london ruffian2 the girl----8    ,it   
was with a deep sense of the terrible   
significance of this question1  that a  
small party of earnest gentlemen met1   
twenty-seven years ago1 in  that foul   
neighbourhood to which ,i have referred1
 to consider what  should be done to    
rescue the deserted and destitute girls1
 some of whom  had already been induced 
to attend a ragged school1 which was    
held in a  dilapidated building that had

 once been a stable4    ,these          
thoughtful workers included among them  
two men of practical  experience2 one of
 them1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,r4 ,williams1 the      
treasurer of the  present institution1  
the other the ,rev4 ,william ,tyler1    
whose bright  genial presence has long  
been a power among the poor of that     
district1  where even the little ragged 
children of the streets follow him1 and 
lisp out his name as the faithful       
shepherd1 who both gives and labours  in
 one of the truest cures of souls to be 
found in all great ,london4  ,to them   
soon came the present honorary          
secretary1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,lloyd1 a       
gentleman already familiar with teaching
 the poor in a neighbouring  district no
 less wretched and neglected4 ,they were
 the right men for the  business in     
hand1 and therefore they began by moving
 sluggish boards and  commissions to put
 in force the sanitary laws--and1 in    
spite of the  opposition of landlords   
with vested interests in vile tenements 

let out  to whole families of lodgers   
from garret to basement1 and of the     
malignant opposition of owners of hovels
 where every abomination was  rife1 and 
pigs littered in the yards1 while       
costermongers shared the  cellars with  
their donkeys--insisted on the          
surrounding streets being  paved and    
drained1 and some of the houses being   
whitewashed and made  weatherproof4     
,nothing less could have been done1 for 
the terrible cholera epidemic was       
already raging in that tangle of courts 
and alleys4 ,application was at  once   
made for a share from the ,mansion      
,house ,relief ,fund1 and the  committee
 had to use every available shilling in 
order to supply food  and medicine1     
blankets and clothing1 to the wretched  
families2 to visit  whom1 a regular     
relief corps was organised1 carrying on 
its beneficent  and self-denying work1  
until the plague began to be stayed4    
,then with  scarcely any money1 but with
 unabated hope and fervid faith1 this   

little  company of men and women began  
to consider what they should do to found
  a ,refuge for the children 7many of   
them orphans1 and quite friendless7  who
 were everywhere to be seen wandering   
about1 or alone and utterly  destitute  
in the bare rooms that had been their   
homes4 ,there were  already certain     
institutions to which boys could be     
sent1 for then1 as  now1 the provision  
for boys was far greater than for girls4
 ,this is one  of the strange1 almost   
inexplicable conditions of charitable   
effort1 and  at that time it was so     
obvious which was the greater need1 that
 the  committee at once determined to   
commence a building on a waste piece of 
land which had been purchased close by1 
and to devote it to the  reception of   
thirty destitute girls1 who should be   
snatched from deadly  contamination1 and
 from the association of thieves and    
depraved  companions4    ,surely1 if    
slowly1 the work went on1 the plan of   
the building being so  prepared that it 

could be extended as the means of       
meeting the growing  need increased4    
,almost every brick was laid with       
thoughtful care1 and  when subscriptions
 came slowly in1 the funds were         
furnished among the  committee          
themselves rather than the sound of     
plane and hammer should  cease2 till at 
last1 when the ,king ,edward ,ragged    
,school and ,girl's  ,refuge was        
completed1 a large edifice of three     
spacious storeys had  superseded the old
 ruinous stable amidst its ftid yards   
and sheds1  and1 what was more1 the     
building was paid for1 and a family of  
children  had been gathered within its  
sheltering walls4 ,at the time of my    
first  visit to the institution no more 
than twenty had been taken into this    
,refuge2 but every foot of the building 
was utilised until the money  should be 
forthcoming to add to the dormitories1  
and enable the  committee to fulfil the 
purpose that it had in view4    ,in the 
large square-paved playground forty     

happy little members of the             
infant-school were marching to the slow 
music of a nursery song2 and the        
numbers on the books were #aif1 in      
addition to #cjd girls who came daily   
to be instructed in the great           
school-room1 where they were taught to  
read1 and write1 and sew4 ,a hundred and
 twenty boys were also being  taught in 
the ,ragged ,church opposite1 while     
seventy children over  fifteen years of 
age attended evening classes1 forty-two 
young men and  women were in the ,bible 
class1 and a penny bank1 a library of   
books1 and  a benevolent fund for the   
relief of poor children in the          
neighbourhood1  were branches of the    
parent institution4    ,this1 however1  
was seven years ago1 and since that time
 so greatly has  the work flourished1   
that the ,ragged and ,infant ,schools   
have premises of  their own on the other
 side of the way2 and the great building
 having  been completed by the addition 
of an entire wing1 its original purpose 

is accomplished1 and it is ,the ,girl's 
,refuge1 of the ,king ,edward           
,certified ,industrial and ,ragged      
,schools1 ,albert ,street1              
,spitalfields4    ,it is to the receipt 
of munificent anonymous donations that  
the  committee owe the completion of the
 building1 and in order to extend the   
usefulness of their ,refuge they have   
certified it under the provisions  of   
the ,industrial ,schools ,act of #ahff4 
,that this was in accordance with  their
 ruling principle of making the most of 
every advantage at their  command may be
 shown by the fact that when the ,school
 ,board1 almost  appalled at the need   
for making immediate use of any existing
  organization1 began to send cases to  
existing ,homes1 only eight of  these   
institutions could receive the children1
 and in these eight no  more than       
forty-four vacancies existed for        
,protestant girls4 ,the  consequence of 
opening the ,king ,edward ,refuge under 
the ,act was that it  received nearly   

all the cases of the year1 and that in  
the twelve months  it was certified     
ninety new inmates after found an asylum
 within its  walls4    ,if you were to  
go there with me to-day1 you would not  
wonder that the  supporters of this     
institution were anxious to erect       
another building in  some part of       
,london1 where another hundred lambs    
straying in this great  wilderness could
 be taken to the fold4 ,passing through 
the neat  dormitories1 with their rows  
of clean white beds2 peeping into the   
big  toy cupboard1 where the kindly     
treasurer has recently placed a whole   
family of eighty dolls1 and other       
attractive inventions to induce         
children to play1 some of whom have     
never known before what play really     
meant2 looking at the lavatory with its 
long rows of basins let into  slate     
slabs1 and each with its towel and clean
 bag for brush and comb2  noting the    
quiet ,infirmary1 with its two or three 
beds so seldom  needed1 and remarking   

that from topmost floor to the great    
laundry with  its troughs and tubs1 a   
constant supply of hot water provides   
alike for  warmth and cleanliness1 ,i   
begin to wonder what must be the first  
sensations of a poor little dazed       
homeless wanderer on being admitted1    
washed1 fed1 and neatly clothed4 ,why1  
the two kitchens--that one with  the big
 range1 where most of the cooking is    
done1 and the other cosy                
farmhouse-looking nook1 with its air of 
comfort--must be a revelation to  all   
the senses at once4 ,then there are the 
highly-coloured prints on the  walls1   
the singing of the grace before meat2   
the regular and wholesome  food2 the    
discipline 7one little rebel is already 
in bed1 whither she  has been sent for  
misconduct1 and an elder girl demurely  
brings up her  slice of bread and mug of
 milk and water on a plate72 the        
provision for  recreation2 the          
occasional visits of parents 7many of   
them unworthy of  the name7 at stated   

seasons2 the outings to the park1 the   
,bethnal ,green  ,museum1 and other     
places2 the ,christmas treat2 the summer
 presents of  great baskets of fruit2   
the rewards and prizes2 the daily       
instruction in  such domestic work as   
fits them for becoming useful household 
servants4  ,what a wonderful change must
 all these things present to the        
children of  the streets1 whose short   
lives have often been less cared for    
than those  of the beasts that perish6  
,everywhere there are marks of order1   
from the  neat wire baskets at the foot 
of each bed in which the girls place    
their  folded clothes before retiring to
 rest1 to the wardrobe closets and the  
great trays of stale bread and butter   
just ready for tea4 ,everywhere  there  
are evidences of care and loving        
kindness1 from the invalid              
wheel-chair--the gift of the treasurer  
to the infirmary--to the splendid       
quality of the long kidney potatoes in  
the bucket1 where they are  awaiting the

 arrival of to-morrow's roast mutton1   
three days being meat  dinner days1     
while one is a bread and cheese1 and two
 are farinaceous  pudding days4    ,as  
we sit here and sip our tea--for ,i am  
invited to tea with the  committee--and 
are waited on by three neat and pretty  
modest little  women--one of them1 a    
girl of eight1 so full of child-like    
grace and  simplicity1 that there would 
be some danger of her being spoiled if  
she  were not quite used to a little    
petting--who can help looking at the    
inmates now assembling quite quietly at 
the other end of the room1 and  thinking
 that in some of those faces their      
angels1 long invisible  because of      
neglect and wrong1 are once more looking
 through1 calm1  happy1 and with a hope 
that maketh not ashamed4 ,do you see    
that still  rather sullen-looking girl  
of thirteen4 ,she came here an          
incorrigible  young thief--her father1 a
 tanner's labourer1 and out at work from
 five  in the morning--her mother       

bedridden--her home was the streets--her
  companions a gang of juvenile thieves 
such as haunt ,bermondsey1 and make  an 
offshoot of the population of a place   
till recently called ,little  ,hell4    
,that girl1 aged ten1 was sent out to   
beg and to sing songs1 and was an  adept
 in the art of pretending to have lost  
money4 ,there is the daughter  of a     
crossing-sweeper1 who cut his throat1   
and yonder a child of nine1  driven from
 home1 and charged with stealing1 as her
 sister also is1 in  another ,refuge2   
and close by are two girls1 also        
sisters1 who were found  fatherless and 
destitute1 wandering about famishing and
 homeless1 except  for a wretched room1 
with nothing in it but two heaps of foul
 straw4 ,i  need not multiply cases3 and
 but for the known power of love and    
true  human interest1 in which the very 
,divine love is incarnated1 you would   
wonder where some of these children     
obtained their quiet docile manner1     
their fearless but modest demeanour1    

their bright1 quiet1 sweet faces4       
,one case only let me mention1 and we   
will go quietly away1 to think of  what 
may be done in such a place by the      
discipline of this love and true        
,christian interest4 ,do you see that   
emaciated little creature--the pale1    
pinched shadow of a child sitting at a  
table1 where some of her  companions    
tend her very gently8 ,she is the       
daughter of a woman who is  an          
incorrigible beggar4 ,she has never     
known a home1 and for four out of  her  
eight years of life has been dragged    
about the street an infant  mendicant2  
has slept in common lodging-houses2 and 
in her awful  experience could have told
 of thieves' kitchens1 of low taverns1  
and of  the customs of those vile haunts
 where she had learnt the language of   
obscenity and depravity4 ,but that has  
become a hideous1 almost forgotten      
dream1 and she is about to awaken to a  
reality in a world to which the  present
 tenderness with which she is cared for 

is but the lowest  threshold4 ,it is    
only a question of a month or two       
perhaps4 ,one more  bright sunny holiday
 with her schoolmates in the pleasant   
garden of the  treasurer1 at            
,highgate--whither they all go for a    
whole happy day in the  summer--and she 
will be in the very land of light before
 the next  haytime comes round4 ,she    
wants for nothing--wine and fruit and   
delicate  fare are sent for her by kind 
sympathetic hands2 but she is wearing   
away1 not with pain1 but with the       
exhaustion of vital power1 through the  
privations of the streets4 ,from the    
,refuge she will go home--a lost lamb   
found1 and carried to the eternal fold4 
,but another building has been found2 a 
large1 old-fashioned mansion in  ,st4   
,andrew's ,road1 close to the ,canal    
,bridge at ,cambridge ,heath1 and  there
 the more advanced inmates of this      
original home in ,spitalfields  are to  
be drafted into classes whence they will
 go to take a worthy part  in the work  

of the world1 so soon as the necessary  
subscriptions enable  the committee to  
increase the number of lambs rescued    
from the wolves of  famine and of crime4
          ,,with ,,the ,,sick4      ,the
 memory of the pleasant summer holiday  
remains with many of us when  we have   
come back again to the duties of the    
work-a-day world1 and it  will be good  
for us all if the gentle thoughts which 
that time of  enjoyment brought with it 
remain in our hearts1 to brighten our   
daily  lives by the influences that     
suggest a merciful and forbearing       
temper4    ,it is perhaps remarkable    
that few of the charitable institutions 
at  places to which holiday-makers      
resort are to any commensurate extent   
benefited by the contributions of those 
visitors who1 while they are  engaged in
 pursuing their own pleasures1 seldom   
give themselves time to  think that as  
they have freely received so they should
 freely give4  ,considering that while  
we are engaged in the absorbing business

 of  money-making1 or in the exacting   
engagements of our daily calling1 we    
can afford little time for the          
investigation of those claims which are 
made upon us to help the poor and the   
needy1 it might not altogether  detract 
from the higher enjoyment of a period of
 leisure if we devoted a  few spare     
hours to inquiring what is being        
effected for the relief of  suffering in
 any place wherein we take up our       
temporary abode4    ,with some such     
reflection as this ,i stand to-day on   
the spot which to  ordinary ,londoners  
is most thoroughly representative of the
 summer  outing1 without which no true  
,cockney can feel that he is content--a 
spot1 too1 which has become1 for a large
 number of ,english men and  women1 and 
notably for a whole host of ,english    
children1 the synonym for  renewed      
health and strength--the head of        
,margate jetty4    ,it is a strange     
contrast1 this moving crowd of people1  
with their bright  dresses and gay      

ribbons fluttering in the breeze2 the   
smiling faces of  girls and women amidst
 a toss and tangle of sea-blown tresses2
 the green  sparkle of the sea beneath  
the shining sky2 the voices of sailors1 
the  shrill laughter of boys and girls  
coming from the sands below2 the gleam  
of white sails2 the flitting wings of   
fisher-birds2 the gay tumult of  the    
,high ,street2 the traffic of hucksters 
of shells and toys--a strange  contrast 
to the scene which may be witnessed in  
and around that large  building which we
 passed only yesterday as the ,margate  
boat stood off  from ,birchington1 and  
passengers began to collect coats and   
bags and  umbrellas as they saw friends 
awaiting them on the landing-stage of   
this  very jetty4    ,it seems a week   
ago2 and just as these few hours seem to
 have separated  us far from yesterday's
 work1 and the routine of daily life1   
does the  short distance along the ,high
 ,street and past the railway station   
seem  to separate us by an indefinite   

distance from the sickness and pain that
  is yet in reality so near4 ,even as we
 think of it in this way1 the  division 
is less marked1 the contrast not so     
strange1 for in that  building ,faith1  
,hope1 and ,charity find expression1 and
 bring a cheerful  radiance to those who
 need the care of skilful hands and the 
sympathy of  loving hearts4    ,the name
 of the place is known all over         
,england1 for within its walls  are     
assembled patients who are brought from 
the great towns of different  shires1 as
 well as from mighty ,london itself1    
that they may be healed of  that dread  
malady1 the most potent cure for which  
is to take them from  the close and     
impure atmosphere of their crowded      
homes1 and exchange the  stifled breath 
of courts and alleys for the boundless  
ther of the sea4    ,for the building1  
to visit which ,i am here to-day1 is the
 ,royal  ,sea-,bathing ,infirmary1 or   
,national ,hospital for the ,scrofulous 
,poor1  near ,margate1 and there are at 

this moment #bbj men1 women1 and        
children  within its sheltering wards4  
,stay--let me be accurate4 ,i said      
within its  wards2 but here1 as ,i pass 
the gates and the unpretentious house of
 the  resident surgeon to the broad sea 
front of the building1 ,i note that     
under the protecting screen of the wall 
that bounds the wide space of           
grass-plot and gravel-paths a row of    
beds are placed1 and in each of  them a 
patient lies basking in the warm sunlit 
air2 while a little band  of            
convalescents saunter gently1 some of   
them with the aid of crutch or  stick1  
with the enjoyment of a sense of        
returning strength4 ,if ,i mistake  not1
 there are two or three ,bath chairs    
crunching the gravel paths a  little    
further on1 and down below upon the     
space marked out and  separated from the
 outer world upon the beach1 the two    
bathing-machines  of the establishment  
are occupied by those for whom          
convalescence is  growing into health4#c

    ,the full meaning of such a change  
can only be realised by those who know  
how terrible a disease scrofula becomes1
 not only in the deadly  insidious form 
of consumption1 but in the various      
deformities and  distortions of the     
limbs of which it is the cause2 and in  
those cases  where1 to the pain and     
depression of the disorder itself is    
added some  terrible affection of the   
skin1 which the sensitive patient knows 
can  scarcely fail to be repulsive to   
those who witness it1 unless1 indeed    
they have learnt to regard it only as a 
reason for deeper compassion and  for   
more earnest consolation4    ,almost    
every form of the disorder is to be seen
 out here in the wide  northern area of 
this inclusive building1 which has long 
ago been bought  and paid for1 along    
with the three acres of freehold ground 
on which it  stands4    ,of the deep    
sympathy with which it has been         
supported by those who early  learned to
 take an interest in its beneficent     

work1 the fountain which  has been      
erected in the centre of the green to   
the memory of the late  ,rev4 ,john     
,hodgson1 one of its trustees1 is a mute
 witness4 ,mr4 ,hodgson  laboured       
earnestly to secure those casual        
interests which might be  obtained from 
the vast number of persons who visit    
,margate every year4  ,in order to make 
the most of small regular contributions1
 he appealed  for five shillings a year1
 and since his death in #ahgj this fund 
has  increased1 so that in one year     
nearly #f1jjj subscribers had           
contributed  #a1dje #gs4 #d;d4 ,never   
was holiday charity more appropriately  
applied1  as anybody who will visit the 
institution itself may witness in those 
long wards beyond the open passage1 to  
which the card of ,dr4 ,rowe1 one  of   
the three visiting surgeons1 has        
directed me4    ,since the first        
establishment of the institution1       
seventy-seven years  ago1 when sixteen  
cases were treated as a beginning1 above

 #bi1jjj  patients1 from ,london and all
 parts of the country1 have received    
relief2 and to-day the number in the    
institution 7taking no account of a     
contingent of out-patients7 includes #db
 men1 #ej women1 and #abj  children1    
none of whom are local cases1 but all   
from other parts of  ,england1 whence   
they come frequently from a long        
distance4    ,in each of the six wards1 
of which four are on the ground floor1  
there  is a head-nurse and an assistant1
 with six helpers for the children's1   
and four for the adult department1      
beside the night nurses1 who sit up  in 
case of any emergency4 ,there is        
accommodation for #bej sufferers and    
for the #dj nurses1 attendants1 and     
domestics required for the service of   
the hospital2 so the #bbj patients there
 now1 represent the approaching  period 
when a new wing will have to be added1  
even if only the urgent  cases are to be
 admitted4    ,the year's list of       
occupants of the #bej beds shows a total

 of #gba  patients1 of whom #fad had    
been discharged in ,january1 #cii being 
either  cured or very greatly benefited1
 #aga decidedly benefited1 and only #dd 
obviously uncured2 a very large amount  
of actual gain to humanity1 when  we    
reflect on the conditions of the disease
 to remedy which the  institution is    
devoted4    ,if out of #gba cases #cii  
are either cured or have received such  
marked  benefit as to render their      
ultimate cure highly probable1 it is an 
achievement worthy of the earnest work  
of which it is the result1 a            
contribution to beneficent efforts well 
worth the #g1iff which has  necessarily 
been expended in the provision1 not only
 of the appliances  which give comfort  
and rest1 but of the generous food and  
drink which1  with the glorious air from
 the sea1 is the medicine necessary to  
build  up the feeble frames and renew   
the impoverished blood of those to whom 
meal-times come to be welcome events in 
the day1 instead of merely  languid     

observances4    ,down in the kitchen1   
with its great cooking range and its    
capacious  boilers1 there are evidences 
of that full diet which is              
characteristic  of the place2 and it is 
difficult to decide which are the most  
suggestive1 the long row of covered     
japanned jugs which hang  conveniently  
to the dresser-shelf1 and are used for  
the conveyance of  gravy1 or the mighty 
milk-cans standing in a corner1 ready to
 be taken  away when the evening supply 
comes in from the ,kentish dairies4     
,half a  pound of cooked meat for dinner
 is the daily allowance for each man and
  for every boy over fourteen years of  
age1 while women and girls receive  six 
ounces1 and children four ounces4       
,breakfast consists of coffee and       
bread-and-butter1 varied in the         
afternoon by tea1 and supper of bread   
and cheese for adults1 and bread and    
butter for children4 ,roast and  boiled 
meat is served on alternate days1 with  
accompanying vegetables1  and there are 

three pudding days for those who can    
manage this  addition to the fare2 while
 every man and woman may have a pint of 
porter1 and each child a pint of table  
ale1 at the discretion of the  doctors4 
,this1 of course1 represents the        
ordinary diet1 in which  specific       
differences are made for special cases  
where other or daintier  food is        
required4 ,perhaps ,i should have said  
that this is the scale  adopted in the  
refectory1 a large airy room1 to the    
long table in which  the patients who   
are able to get about are now advancing 
with a  cheerful premonition of dinner4 
,there is no space to spare1 and there  
are at present no funds to spend in     
additional building1 so that this  great
 airy refectory is used as chapel and   
assembly room4 ,the ,bread of  ,life1 as
 well as the temporal bread1 is         
distributed here2 and those who  would  
object to the necessity may either      
contribute to build another  room1 or   
may come and learn how every meal in    

such a place1 and for such  a cause as  
this1 should become a sacrament4 ,many  
varieties of the forms  taken by        
scrofulous disease may be seen here2 and
 yet the hopeful looks1  the cheerful   
influence of the bright summer weather1 
the green glimpses  of the sea through  
doors and windows1 and the fresh bracing
 air1 impart  to these sufferers an     
expressive lively briskness1 which      
somehow removes  the more painful       
impressions with which we might expect  
to witness such  an assembly4    ,it is 
so perhaps in a still greater measure in
 these large airy wards1  where children
 sit or lie upon the beds1 some of them 
wholly or  partially dressed1 where the 
disease has produced only deformities   
under  surgical treatment1 or such forms
 of skin disease as affect the face4 ,of
  the latter there are some very severe 
and obstinate cases1 and from  these the
 unaccustomed visitor can scarcely help 
turning away1 but often  only to        
re-turn1 and mark how cheerfully and    

with what a vivid  alacrity the little  
patients move and play1 and look with   
eager interest  on all that is going on4
 ,for here--in the boys' ward--there is 
no  repression of youthful spirits1 so  
that they be kept within the bounds  of 
moderate decorum1 nor do the patients   
themselves seem to feel that  they are  
objects of melancholy commiseration4 ,to
 speak plainly1 even the  worst cases   
are not reminded that there are people  
who may be revolted  at their           
affliction4 ,indeed ,i1 who am tolerably
 accustomed to many  experiences that   
might be strange to others1 am rather   
taken aback by  one little case1 whose  
face and limbs1 though apparently       
healed1 have  been so deeply seamed and 
grooved by the disorder1 which must have
  claimed him from babyhood1 that he has
 evidently learned to regard  himself as
 an important surgical specimen1 and1 on
 my approach to his  bed1 begins with   
deliberate satisfaction to divest       
himself of his  stockings1 in order to  

exhibit his legs4 ,hip and spinal       
disease are  among the most frequent and
 often the most fatal forms of scrofula4
 ,one  boy1 with delicate and regular   
features1 his fragile hand only just    
able  to clasp in the fingers the small 
present ,i am permitted to offer him1   
shows the shadow of death upon his face4
 ,in his case the disorder has  shown   
itself to be beyond medical1 as it has  
already been beyond  surgical aid1 and  
his short hurried breathing denotes that
 before the  summer days have been      
shortened by the autumn nights1 and the 
leaves are  lying brown and sere1 he    
will be in a better and a surer home1   
and  healed for evermore4    ,it will be
 a peaceful end1 no doubt1 and he will  
yet have strength  enough to be taken   
home to die1 where other than strangers'
 hands will  minister to him at the     
last1 but not more tenderly1 it may be1 
than  those that smooth his pillow      
to-day4    ,as we leave the boys'       
wards--clean1 and bright1 and fresh as  

they  are--we encounter a cosy little   
party of juvenile convalescents1 who are
  comfortably seated on the door-mat1   
engaged in a stupendous game of         
draughts4    ,there is more of beauty   
than deformity1 more of life than of    
death1 more  perhaps of living eager    
interest than of sadness and sorrow to  
be seen  here1 after all2 and this is   
particularly remarkable in the          
large-windowed spacious ward where the  
girls can look fairly out upon  the     
gleaming sea4 ,properly enough1 the room
 occupied by these young  ladies has    
been made more ornamental than that of  
the boys4 ,the walls  are gay with      
coloured prints1 and there are flowers1 
and a remarkably  cheerful three-sided  
stove1 which gives the place an air of  
comfort1  though1 of course1 it has now 
no fire in it4 ,then some of the girls  
7with those thoughtful delicate faces   
and large wistful inquiring eyes  which 
are so often to be observed among lame  
people7 are engaged in  fancy needlework

 as they lie dressed upon the beds to   
which they are at  present mostly       
confined1 because of deformities of the 
feet or legs  requiring surgical        
treatment4 ,there is a library 7which   
needs  replenishing71 from which        
patients are allowed to take books2 and 
those  children who are able to leave   
the wards1 and are not suffering from   
illness1 are taught daily by a          
schoolmaster and a schoolmistress1 while
  a visiting chaplain is of course      
attached to the hospital4    #c ,this   
was written in the latter part of ,july1
 #ahgd4          ,,blessing ,,the       
,,little ,,children4      ,i cannot yet 
leave that sea-coast where so great a   
multitude go to find  rest and healing4 
,the ,divine ,narrative may well appeal 
to us in relation  to such a locality1  
for it was by the sea-shore that the    
,gospel came to  those who went out to  
seek ,jesus of ,nazareth2 it was there  
that the poor  people heard ,him gladly2
 there that the sick who were brought to

 ,him  were made whole3 there that ,he  
fed the great company who lacked bread4 
,all the deeds of humanity were         
recognised by ,him who called himself   
the  ,son of ,man4 ,the blessing of     
little children is one of those needs of
  true human life which the ,lord       
recognised gladly4 ,he recognises it    
still2 and ,his solemn mingling of      
warning and of promise with regard to   
its observance1 has an intensity that   
may well appeal to us all1 now  that1   
after eighteen centuries of comparative 
neglect and indifference1  we are       
discerning that the only hope of social 
redemption is to be found  in that care 
for children which shall forbid their   
being left either  morally or physically
 destitute4    ,there is a house1       
standing high above the sea1 in that    
great breezy  suburb of ,margate1 known 
as ,cliftonville--to which ,i want you  
to pay a  visit when the bright1        
cheerful1 airy wards1 the light1        
spacious  dining-room1 and comfortable1 

home-like enlivening influences of the  
place will entitle it to be regarded as 
the fitting consummation of two  other  
admirable institutions for the nurture  
and maintenance of orphan  and          
fatherless children4    ,the modest     
little building referred to is named    
,the ,convalescent and  ,sea-side ,home 
for ,orphans1 ,harold ,road1 ,margate4  
,the parent  institutions are ,the      
,orphan ,working ,school1 at ,haverstock
 ,hill1 and  that most attractive series
 of pretty cottages on the brow of the  
hill  at ,hornsey ,rise1 which have been
 more than once spoken of as ,lilliput  
,village1 but the style and title of    
which is ,the ,alexandra ,orphanage  for
 ,infants--a name1 the distinguishing   
feature of which is that it is          
immediately associated with its first   
patroness1 the ,princess of ,wales4     
,of the ,home at ,margate ,i need not   
now speak particularly1 except to note  
that it is for the reception of the     
little convalescents1  who--suffering1  

as many of them do1 from constitutional 
and hereditary  weakness1 which is yet  
not actual sickness1 and recovering1 as 
many of  them are1 from the feeble      
condition which has been to some extent 
remedied by the careful nurture1 good   
food1 and healthy regimen1 of the  large
 institutions near ,london--are not fit 
patients either for their  own or any   
other infirmary wards1 and yet require  
to be restored to  greater strength     
before they can join the main body of   
their young  companions in the school or
 the playground4    ,enough that it is  
picturesque and substantially pretty1 as
 becomes a  place which is to become the
 home of thirty children1 taken from    
among  nearly six hundred1 the parents  
of nearly half of whom have died of     
consumption1 and so left to their       
offspring that tendency to a feeble     
constitution which can be best remedied 
by the grand medicine of  sea-air1      
wholesome nutritious food1 and a        
judicious alternation of  healthful     

exercise and rest4    ,it is to ,mr4    
,joseph ,soul--the late indefatigable   
secretary of the  ,working ,school1 with
 which he has been connected for nearly 
forty years1  and the honorary secretary
 of the ,alexandra ,orphanage1 of which 
he may  be regarded as the virtual      
founder--that the proposal to establish 
this  ,convalescent ,home was due1 and  
its affairs are administered at the     
office of the two charities1 at #fc1    
,cheapside4    ,but it is necessary to  
tell as briefly as possible the story of
 the  oldest of the two institutions of 
which this building is to be an         
accessory--not only the oldest of these 
two1 but probably the oldest            
voluntarily supported orphan asylum in  
,london1 since it dates from #aaf  years
 ago1 when ,george ,,ii4 was ,king1 when
 ,louis ,,xv4 was scandalising  ,europe 
and preparing the ,revolution1 when     
,wesleyan ,methodism was  commencing a  
vast religious revival1 when ,doctor    
,johnson had but just  finished writing 

his dictionary1 and when ,william       
,hogarth was painting  those wonderful  
pictures which are still the most       
instructive records of  society and     
fashion as seen in the year #ageh4      
,it was in that year1 on the #ajth of   
,may1 that fourteen periwigged and      
powdered gentlemen met at the ,george   
,inn1 in ,ironmonger ,lane1 in order  to
 discuss how they might best found an   
asylum for forty orphan  children--that 
is to say1 for twenty boys and twenty   
girls4    ,they soon came to a solemn   
decision that there was a sufficient    
subscription for carrying the scheme    
into execution1 and a record to  that   
effect was soberly entered in the very  
first clean page of the  first          
minute-book of the ,charity1 with the   
additional memoranda that a  committee  
was chosen1 and a treasurer appointed to
 collect and take care  of the money    
necessary to support the undertaking4   
,the early minute-books of this charity1
 by the way1 are models of  serious     

penmanship4 ,grave achievements of      
caligraphy1 with engrossed  headings1   
elaborate flourishes1 and stiff formal  
hedge-rows of legal  verbiage1          
suggestive of the fact that the         
secretaries were either  attorneys or   
scriveners1 and regarded the entries in 
a minute-book or  the opening of a new  
account as very weighty and important   
events not to  be lightly passed over4  
,in this they were probably right3 and1 
at all  events1 just so much of the old 
methodical exactitude has come down to  
the present day in the history of the   
institution1 that the published         
accounts of the ,orphan ,working ,school
 have been referred to by the  ,times as
 models of condensation with a clearness
 of detail1 which may  be regarded as   
the best indication of a well-ordered   
and economical  administration4    ,it  
might not be too much to say that the   
old principle of carrying a  scheme into
 execution only when there are          
sufficient subscriptions still          

characterises the operations of the     
institution4 ,at all events1 ,mr4 ,soul 
had secured enough money for the        
completion of the new building at       
,margate before the actual work         
commenced1 and his experience told him  
that funds would be forthcoming to      
maintain it4    ,the founders of the    
original ,orphan ,working ,school1      
however1 laid their  wigs together to   
obtain a house ready built1 and at last 
found one  adapted to the purpose1 in   
what was then the suburban district     
known as  ,hogsden--since gentilised    
into ,hoxton4 ,like all really good     
work1 the  enterprise began to          
grow--there were so many orphans1 and   
this was still  the only general asylum 
maintained by subscriptions--so that1 as
 funds  came in1 two other adjoining    
houses were rented1 and in seventeen    
years  the number of inmates had        
increased from forty to #afe4           
,reading the formal and yet most        
interesting records of this parent      

institution for the care of the orphan  
and the fatherless1 ,i fall into a  kind
 of wonder at the enormous change in the
 method of nurture and  admonition1 of  
teaching and training1 which has taken  
place in the past  eighty years4 ,even  
in this house at ,hoxton1 whereof the   
founders appear  to have been kindly old
 gentlemen1 the discipline was          
enormously  suggestive of that stern    
restriction and unsympathetic treatment 
which  was thought necessary for the due
 correction of the ,old ,adam in the    
young heart4 ,we know how great an      
outcry has quite lately been made at    
the discovery of the remains of that    
mode of chastisement which seems to     
have been abandoned almost everywhere1  
except by a special revival in  gaols1  
and at two or three of the public       
schools to which the sons of  gentlemen 
are consigned for their education4      
,the discipline at the ,orphanage at    
,hogsden was cold and repellent  enough1
 perhaps--had very little about it to   

encourage the affections1  or to appeal 
to the loving confidence of a child--but
 it was less  barbarous than the code   
which at that time found its maxim in   
the  saying1 ,spare the rod1 spoil the  
child4 ,only very flagrant              
disobedience1 persistent lying and      
swearing1 were punished with public     
whipping4 ,but even in the case of      
ordinary falsehood1 a child was placed  
with his face to the wall at meal-time1 
with a paper pinned to his back  with   
the word ,lyar written on it1 till he   
was sufficiently penitent to  say1 in   
the presence of all the rest of the     
children1 ,i have sinned in  telling a  
lie4 ,i will take more care4 ,i hope    
,god will forgive me4    ,the name1     
,working ,school1 was then interpreted  
so strictly1 that there  was            
comparatively little margin for         
education4 ,arithmetic appears to  have 
been regarded with peculiar jealousy by 
the founders of this  institution1 who1 
being perhaps bankers1 accountants1 and 

capitalists1  looked upon such          
instruction as calculated to give the   
poor little boys  and girls notions     
beyond their station4    ,for ten years 
the teaching of figures was altogether  
ignored2 and it was  only when some of  
the children1 having heard that there   
was a science  called summing known to  
the outer world1 begged to be taught1   
that a  solemn meeting of the ,governors
 was called to consider the question1   
when it was conceded1 after great       
deliberation1 and no little opposition  
from the anti-educational part of the   
,committee1 that arithmetic should  be  
permitted to be taught1 as far as       
addition4    ,thus1 to their few and    
rigidly ordered recreations1 their hours
 of  manual labour in making nets1      
list-carpets1 slippers1 and other cheap 
commodities1 to their instruction in    
plain reading1 and to their times  for  
partaking of plain and even coarse food1
 served in not too tempting  a way1 was 
added the art of writing1 and of the    

first two rules of  arithmetic4    ,this
 was the condition of the orphans in    
#agge2 but still the charity  grew--grew
 out of house-room2 and as the funds    
grew also1 it was  determined that it   
should have a building of its own1 on a 
plot of  ground in the ,city ,road1     
where1 improvements having set in1 the  
grand  old charity moved with the march 
of modern improvement4 ,life became less
  hard1 and instruction more extended4  
,the influences of modern thought  and  
education had superseded the old        
severity1 and new ,governors  succeeded 
the bewigged and powdered founders1 who 
had1 after all1 so  well ordered their  
work1 that it increased with the growth 
of  intelligence4    ,during the        
seventy-two years from #agge to #ahdg1  
the institution had  received #a1abd    
orphans2 and again the dimensions of the
 house were  unequal to the demands of  
the inmates2 while the house itself1 and
 the  ground on which it stood1 had     
become so valuable1 that it was         

determined  to buy a plot of land at    
,haverstock ,hill1 and there to found a 
truly  representative ,home for #bdj    
orphan boys and girls--a number which   
has  now increased 7as the building     
itself has been extended7 till #djj     
orphans are taught1 fed1 and clothed in 
one of the most truly  representative   
charities in all great ,london4    ,the 
obvious distress and suffering of those 
who are destitute1 and whose  claims are
 constantly before us1 may lead us to   
forget the frequent  needs of a large   
number of people who represent          
uncomplaining poverty4  ,there is a     
tendency to identify general appeals to 
benevolence with  efforts for the relief
 of that extreme necessity which demands
 immediate  and almost undiscriminating 
aid1 and requires the prompt            
distribution of  alms or the provision  
of a meal1 warmth1 and shelter4         
,doubtless1 the  actually homeless and  
destitute claim our first               
attention--especially in  the case of   

deserted and neglected children--and ,i 
have tried to show  what is being done  
for those little ones1 whose presence in
 the streets  of this great wilderness  
of brick and stone should of itself be  
an  appeal strong enough to move the    
heart of humanity in their behalf4      
,there is1 however1 another class of    
poverty1 which makes no sign1 and  bears
 distress dumbly4 ,there is a need1     
which1 without being that of  actual    
destitution1 requires a constant        
struggle to prevent its  representing   
the want of nearly all the luxuries1 and
 some of those  things which most of us 
regard as the necessaries of life4      
,we find this among that large section  
of the middle class represented by      
persons holding inferior clerkships1    
small official appointments1 and        
situations where the salaries are only  
sufficient to yield a bare  subsistence1
 and there is little or no probability  
of their improvement1  because1 among   
the number of candidates who are eager  

to fill such  positions1 there exists a 
degree of distress not easily estimated1
 even  by the appearance of those who   
are the sufferers4 ,of course1 relief   
cannot reach such people through the    
poor-law1 or by any direct  legislation4
 ,they are far above the reach of       
almsgiving1 or even of  societies for   
distributing bread and coals4 ,they have
 a just pride in  maintaining a position
 of independence2 and though they may   
sometimes  look with a feeling too near 
to envy at the more prosperous mechanic 
or  the skilled artisan1 who can earn   
good wages1 dress in fustian or         
corduroy1 send his children to the      
,board ,school1 and regulate working    
hours and weekly pay by the rules of a  
,trade ,union1 they mostly keep  bravely
 on1 hoping that as the children grow   
up1 they may get the boys  into         
something1 and find some friend to help 
them to place the girls  in situations  
where they may partly earn their own    
living4    ,with rent and taxes often   

absorbing a fourth part of his entire   
income1  with market cliques combining  
against him to keep up the prices of    
food1  with dear bread1 dear potatoes1  
boots and shoes always wearing out1 and 
respectability demanding cloth clothes1 
even though they be made of  shoddy1 how
 is the clerk1 the employ1 the small    
tradesman1 the  struggling professional 
man1 to follow the prudent counsel which
  wealthier people are always ready to  
bestow upon him--and lay by for a  rainy
 day8 ,rainy day6 why his social climate
 may be said to represent a  continual  
downpour1 so far as the necessity for   
pecuniary provision4 ,he  lives 7so to  
speak7 with an umbrella always up1 and  
it is only a poor  shift of a gingham   
after all4 ,the half-crown which is in  
his pocket  to-night is already bespoken
 for to-morrow's dinner4 ,as he listens 
to  the account of the week's marketing1
 and knows that his wife and  children  
have been living for three days out of  
seven upon little better  than bread and

 dripping1 he feels like an ogre as he  
thinks of the  sevenpenny plate of meat 
that he consumed at one o'clock1 because
 it was  only a makeshift at home4      
,how is he to pay even the smallest     
premium to insure his life1 when he  is 
obliged to meet ordinary emergencies by 
a visit to the pawnbroker  after dark8  
,insure his life6 ,ah1 the time may come
 when the hand of the bread-winner  is  
still1 when the little money left in the
 house is scarcely sufficient  to pay   
for the respectable funeral which is the
 last effort of genteel  poverty1 when  
the red-eyed widow gathers her          
fatherless children about  her1 and     
wonders amidst her stupor of grief what 
is to become of the  younger ones who   
yet so need her care that she will not  
be able to go  forth to seek the means  
of living4 ,to what evil influences may 
they be  exposed while she is absent    
striving to earn their daily food8--the 
temptations of the streets for the boys3
 the certainty that the elder  girls    

must either starve at home to mind the  
little ones1 or must become  drudges    
before they have learnt more than the   
mere rudiments of what  they should be  
taught4 ,it is then she feels that dread
 of degradation1  which is amongst the  
sharpest pangs of the poverty which     
would fain hide  itself from the world4 
,it may be that the children are left a 
parentless little flock1 huddling       
together in the first dread and sorrow  
of the presence of death1 and the  sense
 of utter bereavement1 and awaiting the 
intervention of those who  are sent by  
the ,father of the fatherless4 ,then1   
indeed1 prompt and  certain help is     
needed--help efficient and              
permanent--and such aid can  seldom be  
secured except by organised             
institutions4    ,but let us see to what
 that ,orphan ,working ,school1         
established in #ageh1  has developed in 
#ahgd4 ,we have but to take a short     
journey to the foot  of ,haverstock     
,hill1 and there1 in that pleasant      

locality named ,maitland  ,park1 part of
 which is the property of the           
,institution1 we shall see the          
successor of the old house in ,hogsden  
,fields1 while its plain but large  and 
lofty committee room is the modern      
representative of the parlour of  the   
,george ,inn1 ,ironmonger ,lane1 where  
plans were first laid for the           
maintenance of forty orphan children4   
,this wide and lofty building1 with its 
handsome front entrance and its  less   
imposing side gate in the wing1 is the  
home for nearly three  hundred boys1 and
 nearly two hundred girls1 when its     
funds are  sufficient to keep each of   
the long rows of neat beds in the great 
airy  wards appropriated to a little    
sleeper4    ,i mention the dormitories  
first1 because both on the girls' and on
 the  boys' side of the building these  
are illustrative of the complete        
orderliness and excellent management of 
the ,institution--illustrative of  what 
should always be the first              

consideration1 namely1 to bring comfort 
to the child's nature1 to join to       
necessary discipline a sense of real    
freedom and happy youthful confidence   
without dread of repression and  the    
constant looking for of punishment4     
,as to the appliances that belong to the
 building1 they are such as might       
almost raise a doubt in some prejudiced 
minds whether we are not doing  too much
 for children in the present day1 and   
thinking too constantly of  their       
comfort4 ,but1 alas6 it needs many      
compensations to make up for the  loss  
of parents2 and in any such an          
,institution where1 #djj children form  
the great family1 the arrangements must 
be on a large scale1 so that it  is only
 a matter of experienced forethought to 
combine a generous  liberality with the 
truest economy4 ,thus1 there are baths1 
and long  well-ordered lavatories1 to   
each wing1 even to a large plunge bath  
for  each side2 and there is a great    
laundry1 where the girls are taught to  

wash1 clear-starch1 and iron1 not in the
 regular patent steam-heated  troughs   
only1 but in genuine homely tubs4 ,there
 is a great handsome  dining-hall1 with 
a painted ceiling1 wherein the vast     
troop of quiet1  orderly1 and           
happy-faced children sit down to        
well-cooked wholesome  meals of meat and
 pudding4 ,there are two great          
school-rooms1 one divided  into         
class-rooms for the girls1 and another  
wherein the boys assemble to  be taught1
 not in the narrow spirit of the first  
directors of the old  building in the   
,city ,road1 but with a full            
appreciation of the duty of  giving     
these young minds and hearts full       
opportunity to expand4 ,next to  the    
admirable evidences of family comfort1  
and bright domestic  influences1 which  
pervade this place1 we may regard the   
efficient  education of the children as 
the truest sign of its liberal and      
enlightened management4 ,not only the   
three ,r's to the extent of  practised  

elocution1 caligraphy worthy of the old 
minute books of the  first scrivening   
secretaries1 and the lower              
mathematics1--but history1  geography1  
the elements of physical science1       
,french1 drawing1 and vocal  music1 are 
among the subjects thoroughly studied4  
,it only needs a  perusal of the reports
 of the educational inspectors and      
examiners to  see that the work of this 
great hive goes on healthily4 ,the boys 
have  already achieved a great position 
in taking ,government prizes for        
drawing at ,south ,kensington2 and the  
girls are celebrated for their          
beautiful needlework4 ,there is but     
little time to walk through all the     
departments of this great home--the     
kitchens with their spacious  larders1  
and store-rooms1 and mighty cooking     
apparatus2 the great airy  playgrounds2 
the large and handsome room used as a   
chapel 7for those who  do not go out to 
evening service71 and containing its    
convenient reading  desk1 and           

sweet-toned organ4 ,let us not forget1  
however1 that many of  the things which 
add so vastly to the beauty and         
completeness of the  building and its   
various departments are themselves gifts
 from loving  and appreciative          
supporters of the ,institution4    ,but 
we are due at that ,lilliput village on 
the brow of ,hornsey  ,rise--that series
 of cottage homes1 where1 on each lower 
and upper  storey1 with their           
exquisitely clean nursery cots and      
cradles1 and their  tiny furniture1 a   
neat nurse is to be seen like a fairy   
godmother1 with  a family of chubby     
babies1 or a more advanced charge of    
infants able to  run like squirrels     
round the covered playground or to spend
 the  regulation hours in that great    
glorious school-room1 where learning is 
turned into recreation1 and lessons are 
made vocal1 gymnastic1  zoological1     
picturesque1 or even fictional1 as the  
times and  circumstances may dictate4   
,the ,alexandra ,orphanage for ,infants 

has  become so well-known amidst the    
numerous institutions which have been   
established for the care of the orphans 
and the fatherless1 that one  might     
think it would be full of eager admirers
 who on visiting days go  to see the two
 or three hundred4 ,why are not all the 
cottages full1 and  each little toy     
bedstead complete with its rosy1 tiny   
sleeper1 who1 from  earliest infancy to 
the maturer age of eight years form the 
assembly for  which ,mr4 ,soul set      
himself to provide by public appeal8    
,these1 then1 are the two institutions  
to which that modest little             
convalescent home in ,harold ,street1   
,margate1 is a worthy appanage1 and     
they may well find support among those  
whose maxim it is to do with all  their 
might what their hands find wants doing4
          ,,with ,,them ,,that ,,faint  
,,by ,,the ,,way4      ,there are       
perhaps few conditions demanding greater
 sympathy and more  ready aid than that 
of poor women who1 from temporary       

sickness or the  weariness that comes of
 hope deferred1 are unable to follow the
  employments1 often precarious and     
yielding a bare subsistence1 by which   
they strive to be independent of        
charitable aid4 ,it is only those who   
know to what extremities of need they   
will submit for shame of making  their  
poverty known1 and what mental suffering
 they will endure as they  find their   
scanty savings dwindling day by day1 and
 their few household  goods1 or even    
their clothing1 and the little family   
mementoes1 which  they can only part    
with as a last resource1 going piece by 
piece1 who  can fully realise all that  
is meant by the genteel phrase1 very    
reduced  circumstances1 as applied to   
women of refined feelings1 and          
frequently  of gentle nurture1 who find 
themselves without the means of         
obtaining  necessary food and medical   
care when health and strength give way1 
and  they can no longer work at those   
few callings by which they can earn     

enough to enable them to avoid a dreaded
 application to friends4    ,quite      
lately1 the subject of some kind of     
provision for poor governesses  who are 
sick1 or have to subsist during long    
holidays on the small  balance of their 
quarterly wages1 has occupied public    
attention1 and it  would be well indeed 
if means could be found for giving the  
healthy  temporary employment1 and the  
weakly a quiet home where their strength
  might be restored without the         
sacrifice of independence4    ,there are
 others1 however1 for which such help is
 equally needed--the  dressmaker1 or the
 shop-woman1 on whom long hours of      
tedious and often  of exhausting toil in
 an unhealthy atmosphere1 has begun to  
tell too  severely2 the servant of good 
character and respectable habits1 who is
  not so ill as to be admitted to a     
hospital1 and yet is breaking down in   
strength1 and regards with dread the    
necessity for going into some  obscure  
lodging1 where her surplusage of wages  

will barely pay for rent  and food      
during two or three weeks enforced      
idleness2 the girl who has  learnt some 
ill-paid business1 which affords her no 
more than a mere  contribution to the   
family funds1 and leaves no margin for  
extra food or  medicine1 or the fresh   
air that is as important as either4     
,any careful observer standing at the   
door of a general hospital1 and         
watching the throng of out-patients     
waiting wearily to see the doctor1  will
 be able to distinguish a score of cases
 for which a temporary rest  with       
wholesome food and the sympathy and     
loving-kindness that refresh  the soul  
would bring true healing4    ,no large  
establishment in the nature of a        
hospital or a refuge affords  the kind  
of help for such distress as theirs4    
,they cannot be dealt with  as occupants
 of wards2 for they have either         
recovered from the actual  crisis of    
some serious disorder1 or are pining in 
a depressed condition  to which no      

definite name can be given to classify  
it for admission to  any public         
establishment for the cure of disease4  
,to many of them the  idea of entering a
 large charitable refuge--and ,i know of
 none in ,london  adapted to such needs 
as theirs--would be repulsive1 as       
suggesting that  horror with which      
persons even of a lower grade regard the
 union  workhouse2 what they need is a  
temporary home1 and if ever the time    
should come when a well-supported scheme
 for such a provision should be         
adopted1 it will have to take the form  
of what is now known as the  cottage    
system4 ,indeed1 in hospitals1 as well  
as in other large  charitable           
institutions1 the defects of the old    
plan of maintaining a  great number of  
adult persons in one vast building have 
been recognised4  ,the immense ward with
 its long rows of beds1 the divided and 
necessarily  confusing duties of        
attendants1 the ill-served meals at a   
great  dinner-table where there is no   

possibility of escaping from a too rigid
  routine1 the depressing1 not to say   
degrading1 influence1 resulting from    
the loss of individuality1 would make   
any vast institution for  convalescents 
or invalids far less effectual in its   
operation4 ,i make  this reference only 
with regard to the probable inauguration
 of homes  for invalid women in or near 
,london1 and because ,i have just       
visited  one1 which1 although it is not 
on the cottage system1 but is           
established  in a rare old mansion of   
the period of ,queen ,anne1 has yet the 
happy  characteristic of being a family 
whose scanty means is largely increased 
by loving gifts1 instead of an          
institution every corner of which bears 
a  reminder that it is supported by     
charity4    ,in the pleasant airy ,high 
,street of ,stoke ,newington1 and within
 a  stone's throw of the famous ,cedar  
,walk of ,abney ,park--that locality    
made  famous by the prolonged visit of  
,dr4 ,watts1 who went to spend a week   

with ,sir ,thomas ,abney1 and remained  
for the rest of his long blameless  life
 the honoured guest of the family--is   
the house ,i speak of1 ,the  ,invalid   
,asylum for ,respectable ,females in    
,london and its ,vicinity1              
superintended by a ladies' committee1   
and with weekly visitors1 and a  matron 
to carry on the practical work of the   
executive4    ,there is nothing         
remarkably picturesque1 nothing very    
striking about  this home for thirty    
respectable invalid women employed in   
dependent  situations1 to whom it       
affords a temporary asylum1 widely      
differing from  the crowded receptacles 
for the sick in the metropolis4 ,one of 
its  peculiarities is1 that the purity  
of the family circle is maintained1 by  
the fact that no patient is admitted    
without a certificate of conduct  signed
 by two housekeepers or by an employer1 
while her case is also  recommended by  
an annual subscriber or life governor2  
and there is a  sense of repose and     

quiet confidence about the inmates which
 is  particularly suggestive of the care
 taken to recognise their individual    
claims1 and the interest which is       
manifested in them during the time of   
their sojourn4    ,this very quietude   
and sense of rest1 and gradual renewal  
of health and  strength in a serene     
retreat is1 in fact1 the feature which  
attracts my  attention4 ,it is not too  
much to say that ,i am ready to         
attribute much  of such influences to   
the fact that the institution was       
originally  established by ladies       
representing the unobtrusive beneficent 
work of  the ,society of ,friends1 and  
that the order and peace which is its   
delightful characteristic1 may in a     
great measure be traced to that         
foundation4 ,at any rate1 these         
qualifications so identify it that ,i   
feel  justified in regarding it to some 
extent as a worthy example of the       
method to be adopted in any institution1
 which1 without being altogether  a free

 charity1 takes only such a small sum   
from the patient or her  friends as     
suffices to keep away the degrading     
feeling of pauperism1 or  of utter      
dependence on the bounty of strangers4  
,it is true that the  principal         
life-governorships include the privilege
 of sending entirely  gratuitous        
patients1 but in ordinary cases the     
annual subscriber of a  guinea          
recommends the case1 and when the       
patient is admitted1 the sum of  twenty 
shillings is received for the month's   
medical attendance1  lodging1 and full  
board1 including tea and sugar1 for a   
time not  exeeding one month1 after     
which1 should the case require a longer 
stay1  the ticket must be renewed by the
 same or another subscriber1 on the     
further payment of twenty shillings4 ,if
 the patient be in the employment  of   
the subscriber1 the payment of this sum 
will suffice1 without the  renewal      
ticket1 an arrangement which should     
commend the institution to  every       

benevolent employer of female labour4   
,it need hardly be said that no cases of
 infectious disease are admitted1  and  
that every applicant is examined by the 
medical attendant4 ,no  patient is      
admitted who is not above ten years of  
age2 and neither  private cookery1 nor  
the introduction of spirituous liquors  
by  visitors1 is permitted1 any more    
than gratuities to servants of the      
,institution4    ,it may be remarked    
that though a large number of cases are 
received  during each year1 the very    
fact of contributions being made by the 
patients themselves1 who are thus       
relieved from the sense of utter        
dependence1 appears to have prevented   
the ,institution from receiving as      
large a degree of public support as it  
might command if it were an  ordinary   
charity4 ,this is to be lamented1 for   
the ,institution is1 after  all1 less a 
hospital than a temporary home1 and it  
appeals on behalf of  a peculiar form of
 distress1 the claims of which are of a 

specific and  none the less of a very   
urgent character4 ,but in order to      
realise the  kind of work that is most  
needed1 and is here being accomplished1 
let us  pay a visit to the house itself4
 ,we have been hitherto standing on the 
broad flight of steps inside the tall   
iron gates1 and have hesitated to  sully
 their hearthstone purity1 for it is    
,saturday1 and we may well have  an     
inconvenient sense that the short hand  
of the clock is already close  to the   
dinner-time of the institution4    ,with
 a long experience of paying unexpected 
visits1 ,i am prepared to  encounter    
remonstrance1 even though it only take  
the form of a critical  glance at my    
boots as a means of possible maculation 
of the  newly-cleaned hall and passages4
 ,conscious of having judiciously       
employed a member of the shoe-black     
brigade1 ,i can endure this scrutiny1   
and1 with a few words of explanation1 am
 conducted1 by the matron  herself1 over
 the grand old house1 whose broad       

staircase and elaborately  carved       
balusters of black oak at once attest   
not only its antiquity but  also its    
aristocracy4 ,i have already said that  
there is nothing here on  which to found
 a picturesque description1 and yet the 
air of repose1  the sense of almost     
spotless cleanliness1 the freshness of  
the large  lofty rooms containing from  
three to five or six comfortable beds   
with  their snowy counterpanes1 the     
general order and pleasant seclusion1   
are  remarkably suggestive of the       
intention of the place4 ,two of the     
patients1 to whom ,i make my respects1  
are not yet sufficiently recovered  to  
join the daily dinner-party in the neat 
dining-room4 ,one of them1 an  elderly  
lady1 who has only just been brought    
here1 is slowly recovering  from very   
severe illness1 and cannot even sit up  
in the bed1 whence she  regards me with 
an expression which seems to intimate   
that she has  reached a haven of rest4  
,her companion1 a young woman--also in  

bed in  the same room--is sitting very  
upright1 cheerfully engaged in some     
problem of needlework1 and responds with
 a hopeful smile to the  declaration of 
the matron1 that they mean to make a    
woman of her if she  is good4    ,close 
to this room is the neat lavatory with  
its bath1 supplied with hot  and cold   
water1 and on the landing ,i note       
another bath1 on wheels1 for  use in any
 part of the house where it may be      
required4 ,all the  accessories are     
home-like2 and in the invalid           
sitting-room1 on an upper  storey1 where
 two convalescents1 not yet able to get 
downstairs1 greet  me from a pair of    
easy chairs1 there is the same pervading
 influence  which distinguishes the     
house from those large institutions     
where  everything is characterised by a 
depressing mechanical dead level4 ,the  
library--a pleasant cheerful room--is in
 course of refurnishing2 and ,i  am glad
 to learn that our best known           
periodicals find a place there1  while  

the stock of books1 either gifts or     
loans1 are likely soon to be            
replenished1 a matter wherein extra aid 
would be appreciated1 and could  readily
 be afforded by those who have volumes  
to spare4    ,already the cloth is laid 
in the dining-room1 and dinner itself   
consists  of hot meat with the usual    
accessories every day1 except on        
,sundays1  when there is a cold dinner1 
while1 of course1 the invalids who are  
ordered medical diet have fish1         
custards1 or other delicate fare        
specially provided4 ,each patient has a 
pint of ale or beer daily1 and  wine as 
a remedial stimulant1 according to the  
doctor's orders4    ,there is just time 
before dinner is served to walk through 
the room into  the grand old garden     
which extends from a pleasant sheltered 
lawn and  flower-garden1 with a glorious
 fig-tree in full leaf and fruit against
  the sunny wall1 to a great            
kitchen-garden and orchard1 with a      
wealth of  fruit and vegetables 7and    

notably a venerable and prolific        
mulberry  tree71 and extending in a     
pleasant vista of autumn leaves4 ,on the
 other  side of the high wall is the    
,cedar ,walk already mentioned2 and the 
whole  place is so still and balmy on   
this autumnal day1 that we may go away  
with a very distinct appreciation of the
 rest and peace which1 with  regular    
nutritious food1 rest1 and medicine1 may
 bring restoration to  the physical     
health1 just as the hopeful             
ministrations of good and pious  women  
who visit the home daily may bring a    
sense of peace and comfort to  many a   
weary spirit and burdened heart4        
,,in ,,the ,,valley ,,of ,,the ,,shadow 
,,of ,,death4      ,there are some of   
whom we might be ready to say1 they     
dwell in that  valley2--that the shadow 
of death lies darkling before them1     
constantly  enwrapping                  
them1--enshrouding them in gloom4 ,we   
are accustomed to think  so of persons  
suffering from what we call incurable   

diseases1 some of  which are painful1   
occasionally agonising1 others          
susceptible of relief  from the         
suffering that attends them4    ,we are 
so apt to forget that we are every one  
of us incurable4 ,though we  may not at 
present be aware of the disease that    
will bear us farther and  farther into  
that valley1 where the wings of the     
great angel1 so seeming  dark as to     
overshadow all things1 may yet be       
revealed to us as glowing  with the     
brightness of the light which our       
unaccustomed eyes cannot  behold1 we are
 none the less certain to succumb to it4
 ,it may be that  some of us will live  
to be conscious of no other than the    
most fatal of  all diseases--because no 
mortal cure has been or ever will be    
found for  it--incurable old age4 ,there
 have been those who lived long enough  
to  look calmly at the slowly           
lengthening shadow in the valley1 and   
almost  to wonder if ,death had         
forgotten and were departing from them1 

leaving  only the black trail behind2   
but the time at last came1 perhaps when 
they had learnt to see more than shadow1
 to catch the glint of the  heavenly    
glory beyond4    ,it is a happy thought 
that many poor afflicted children of    
,god have seen  this too1 and continue  
to see it daily1 although1 like ,st4    
,paul1 they  also die daily4 ,it is     
comforting to believe that many who know
 what  their disease is--who are        
pronounced to be hopelessly incurable in
 a  rather different sense to that in   
which we may all be declared to be      
hopelessly incurable also--do not dwell 
perpetually in the ,valley of the       
,shadow4 ,christ has come to them and   
taken them out of it1 that even in  this
 life1 where ,he is they may be also1   
secure in the love of the  ,father1     
having already1 if one may so speak1    
overcome death through ,him  who is the 
,resurrection and the ,life4 ,the great1
 the essential  difference between these
 sufferers and the rest of mankind is   

that they  are almost always conscious  
of the disease which is incurable       
because of  its accompanying pain1 and  
that they are disqualified for many of  
the  ordinary uses1 and also most of the
 ordinary enjoyments of life4 ,perhaps  
the chief poignant sense of their       
condition is that they are no longer    
capable of fulfilling the ordinary      
duties of life either4 ,they must be    
dependent always2 and to many souls the 
suspicion that they may live  only to be
 a burden on others1 to take instead of 
giving1 to lean upon  instead of        
supporting1 is itself almost            
intolerable1 until they learn to  look  
higher1 and acknowledge that not only   
all the things of the world1  but we    
ourselves1 they and theirs1 belong to   
,god1 and that life and  death1 height  
and depth1 principalities and powers1   
are but ,his  creatures1 incapable of   
separating us from ,his love4 ,the same 
reflection1 coupled with that of our own
 incurability and our own  constant     

liability to be stricken down with      
hopeless and painful malady1  should    
surely lead us to recognise the duty of 
helping some among the  thousands who   
have not only lost health1 but with it  
the means of  maintaining life1 and1    
more sadly still1 the hope of           
restoration to  former strength1 or even
 temporary recovery4    ,i have already 
spoken of the work done by convalescent 
homes and  hospitals2 but there are     
those who1 being sick unto death1 yet do
 not  soon die--those who must be       
discharged from hospitals uncured1 in   
order  to make room for the curable1 and
 who1 unable to work1 unaccustomed to   
beg1 and almost ready to meet death     
itself rather than sink into sordid     
abject pauperism1 know not whither to   
turn in their dire necessity4 ,it  was  
to aid these that an appeal was written 
twenty years ago1 asking for  funds to  
establish an institution for the        
reception of those suffering  from      
hopeless disease4 ,it is to see what has

 been the result of that  appeal that ,i
 visit the ,royal ,hospital for         
,incurables at ,putney ,heath  to-day4  
,it was in #ahed that ,doctor ,andrew   
,reed--to whose indicating hand we are  
indebted for the installation of many of
 our noblest charities--made an  urgent 
appeal on behalf of those who1 being    
discharged as incurable from  various   
hospitals1 were left helpless1 and often
 destitute1 since1  amidst all the      
institutions which beneficence had      
founded1 there was  none to which they  
could prefer a claim4    ,let us see    
what has been done in twenty years to   
alleviate what might  seem to be almost 
hopeless suffering4    ,let us1 coming  
face to face with the mystery of pain1  
and looking as it  were from afar on    
that dark shadow which yet always lies  
so near to  every one of us1 note how in
 the heart of the mystery there is      
hidden a  joyful hope for humanity1 how 
in the very shadow of death there is a  
light that never yet has shone on land  

or sea4    ,it is a still autumnal day1 
and1 as we turn up the wooded lane on   
the  left of the hill leading from the  
,putney ,railway ,station to ,wimbledon1
 a  tender gleam in the grey clouds     
betokens coming rainfall4 ,a light1     
hanging drift descends upon the distant 
hills1 and breaks into pale  vaporous   
shapes amidst the wooded slopes and     
valleys4 ,the yellow leaves  that strew 
the ground lie motionless1 as though    
they waited for their  late companions  
to fall gently from the branches        
overhead and join their  silent company4
    ,coming into a broader roadway1 and 
passing through the gate of a lodge1  we
 come almost suddenly upon a glorious   
sloping lawn1 adorned with  goodly      
trees1 worthy of the great              
building--meant for a ducal residence1  
and now put to nobler uses--which1 for  
all its stately look1 has about  it a   
home-likeness that is full of promise4  
,even the matchless landscape  lying    
around it--the expanse of wood and dale1

 the soft slopes of ,surrey  hills1 the 
deep-embowered glades where the         
bronze-and-gold of moving  tree-tops    
takes a changeful sheen from            
slowly-drifting clouds1 or  reflects    
strange gleams of colour from the       
glistening silver of the  rain--will not
 hold us from the nearer glow of windows
 bright with  flowers1 which give a     
festal look to the place1 although it is
 so quiet  that we stand and imagine for
 a moment what it is that we have come  
to  see4 ,for this great mansion1 with  
its long rows of windows and            
wide-spreading wings1 is the home of a  
hundred and fifty-four men and  women1  
some of whom have been suddenly stricken
 down1 others having  slowly fallen day 
by day into a condition of incurable    
disease1 and1 in  many cases1 also into 
a condition of utter bodily             
helplessness4 ,they1  and the attendants
 whose constant kindly services are     
essential for  their relief1 constitute 
the family of what is known1 plainly    

enough1 as  ,the ,royal ,hospital for   
,incurables4 ,there are no distinctions 
among its  members1 though in their     
previous lives they have belonged to    
various  grades--no distinctions1 at    
least1 except those which arise from    
personal qualifications4    ,the claim  
for election to the benefits of the     
charity is the necessity  which is      
implied in the name of the institution  
itself3 and once within  its sheltering 
walls the patients1 whose failing eyes  
brighten1 and  whose wan cheeks flush   
with every loving mention of it as their
 home1  are all alike sharers in its    
benefits4    ,not only the #aed at      
present within its walls1 however1 but  
#cbg of those  who1 having family and   
friends with whom to dwell1 receive     
pensions of  #bj a year each1 and so    
cease to be a heavy burden to others4   
,do you think at first sight1 and from  
the external appearance of the          
building1 that charity here has gone    
beyond precedent in providing such  a   

place--a palatial pile standing amidst  
scenery that one might well  come far to
 see8 ,remember what is the need of     
those who have to be  lifted out of the 
dark1 hopeless depths of what is almost 
despair2 of  those who1 finding         
themselves banished from hospital wards1
 unable to  earn their bread1 feeling   
themselves a burden upon those for whom 
they  would almost consent to die rather
 than live upon their poverty2 of  those
 who1 in the midst of hourly pain1 have 
the mental anguish of  knowing that the 
long calendar of darkening days may find
 them utterly  dependent on the toil of 
others most dear to them1 and whose few 
expedients can bring little ease1 and   
will not serve to hide the  ever-present
 sense of disappointment and distress4  
,think how much wealth is wasted daily  
in the world1 and what a small  part of 
it suffices to lighten by every         
available means the burden of  such     
lives as these2 the sorrow of those who1
 in the dreadful  deprivation of what to

 us seems almost all that makes life    
dear1 have no  resource between that    
provided for them in such a place as    
this and the  infirmary-ward of a       
workhouse1 amidst sordid surroundings   
and the hard1  mechanical1 unfeeling    
officialism which in such cases is      
little more  than organised neglect4    
,there are people who would reduce all  
charitable institutions--yes1 even  such
 as this1 of which living personal      
interest and the care that comes  of    
more than merely casual benevolence are 
the very foundation and                 
corner-stone--to a dead level of        
official rule1 in which benevolence     
should be represented by a mechanical   
department1 and the sentiment of        
charity by a self-elected board of      
control1 dealing with public            
subscriptions as though they were a     
poor-rate1 and recognising neither      
individual interest nor the right of    
contributors to give it expression4     
,such a system would lack the very      

qualification most needed here1 and to  
be found only in that voluntary personal
 interest that brings to the  recipients
 of bounty more than the mere bounty    
itself1 the heart-throb  of sympathy1   
the feeling that the gift means more    
than the cold official  recognition of a
 national duty1 that it is the          
expression of  loving-kindness ever     
active and living2 and so making for the
 helpless1  the destitute1 and the      
dying1 not a mere asylum1 but a home4   
,the entrance into the hall of a        
cheerful1 genial gentleman1 with a      
kindly1 brisk manner1 and a reassuring  
expression of deliberation and  repose  
in his observant face and easy bearing1 
rouses us from melancholy  fancies1 and 
with a few words of courteous welcome we
 are at once  conducted to the door that
 is to open to us the first scene in    
this  wonderful visit4    ,a spacious   
assembly room--let us call it by the    
good old name of  parlour1 for there is 
much quietly animated talk going        

on--talk1 and  needlework of all kinds1 
from the knitting of a warm woollen     
shawl to  the manipulation of delicate  
lace1 and the deft handling of          
implements  for making those exquisite  
tortures of society known as            
antimacassars4  ,with ever so wide an   
experience of halls1 salons1 suites1 or 
drawing-rooms1 the visitor can see      
nothing resembling this wonderful       
parlour elsewhere4 ,a room of noble     
proportions1 one end of which is        
occupied by an organ2 the great windows 
reaching almost from floor to  ceiling1 
and overlooking a broad expanse of lawn1
 with a glorious view  of hill and      
woodland beyond2 on the tables flowers1 
books1 ornaments2 in  every kind of     
couch and chair--many of which are      
comfortable beds on  wheels and         
springs--a company of women1 with       
bright1 cheerful1  intelligent faces1   
full of a recent interest1 and1 even in 
cases where  some paroxysm of pain is   
passing1 with a certain serene          

satisfaction  which it is infinitely    
good to see4    ,there has been a       
morning service1 conducted by a visiting
 clergyman1 and  there is a general     
expression of approval which1 if the    
reverend  gentleman himself were present
 to witness it1 would surely prove      
highly  gratifying4 ,the congregation   
has settled down to easy talk1 and has  
resumed its occupation of plain and     
fancy needlework4 ,here is an old  lady 
whose silver hair adds to her natural   
grace and dignity1 who is  busy with    
wool-knitting1 and at the same time     
engages in a  discriminating criticism  
of the address to one of the many       
visitors who  sit and spend an hour of  
their afternoon in agreeable chat4      
,there is a  pretty but rather sad-eyed 
mignon lady1 whose excellently-fitting  
silk  dress1 delicate hands1 and general
 niceness of appearance1 quite  prepare 
us to see the beautiful examples of all 
kinds of fancy work of  which she never 
seems to tire4 ,every year1 in ,june1   

they hold a grand  bazaar at the        
hospital1 so that those who are skilful 
and capable are  able to earn enough    
money to clothe themselves as they      
please--everything  except clothing     
being found by the charity1 except to   
two or three  inmates who are able to   
pay for their own maintenance4 ,now we  
hear the  low tones of cheerful talk1   
the pleasant ripple of laughter--note   
the  brightening glance1 the quick      
smile1 the feeble but earnest           
finger-clasp  which greets the cheerful 
salutation of the house governor1 ,mr4  
,darbyshire1 or the presence of his     
wife1 the lady matron of this great     
happy family of incurables1 we begin to 
wonder at our gloomy estimate of  the   
place before this visit4    ,nor is the 
revelation of cheerfulness1 of light in 
shadow1 less  remarkable in the         
dormitories themselves4 ,but then what  
rooms they are6  ,each bed is1 as it    
were1 set in an alcove of its own       
snow-white  hangings1 relieved by bits  

of colour which would delight an        
artist's  eye--pieces of embroidery1    
framed illuminated texts1 bright flecks 
of  ,berlin woolwork1 or glistening     
designs in beads1 or deep glowing       
knick-knacks wrought in silk and lace4  
,each little bedside table1 though  it  
may hold medicine and diet--drink and   
requisites for the sick--is  decked with
 flowers and little framed pictures1    
gaily-bound books1 and  bright-hued toys
 and trifles1 that make it look like a  
miniature stand  at a fancy fair4 ,in   
some cases the sense of combined purity 
and glow of  colour is so great1 that it
 is difficult to realise that we are in 
one  or other of a series of sick-rooms4
 ,everything is so spotless1 so         
exquisitely clean and orderly1 that     
nothing less than perfect nursing  could
 explain it--for be it remembered that  
the place is open to  visitors every    
day--and amidst some of the most        
terrible afflictions  from which        
humanity can suffer there is nothing    

revolting4 ,expressions  of pain and of 
utter prostration and weakness there    
are1 of course2 but  even these are only
 alternative with the general placid    
contentment and  thankfulness that is   
the prevailing characteristic4    ,even 
in two severe cases of cancer the       
terrible effects of the malady  are less
 notable1 because of the surrounding    
conditions4 ,a sprightly and  engaging  
girl1 with features and social life     
alike marred and  obliterated by this   
dreadful malady1 is surely one of the   
saddest of all  the sad sights in such  
an institution2 but here the brightness 
and  genial influence of the place1 and 
of those who are its ministrants1  have 
had their effect1 and even the          
half-obliterated features gain a        
grateful1 loving1 cheerful expression2  
the poor eyes beam with pleasure  as the
 governor starts some reminiscence of   
that pleasant summer  water-party of    
his1 in which one of the two sufferers  
had to be carried  to the boat in his   

arms1 and both of them1 deeply veiled1  
were rowed by  those same guarding arms 
for a glorious voyage on the river1     
where the  summer's sunshine and        
gladness stole into the hearts of the   
sufferers1  and left a halo of          
remembrance that is not perhaps so very 
far from the  anticipations of that     
stream which maketh glad the children of
 ,god4    ,here are rooms wherein only  
two or three beds are placed1 while few 
of  them contain more than six1 but all 
of them are bright1 airy1 lofty1  full  
of space1 and with the same sense of    
purity4 ,and from every window  some    
fresh and lovely view of the surrounding
 landscape1 with all its  changeful     
aspects1 may be seen--the beds being so 
placed that every  patient has her own  
special expanse of territory to solace  
her waking  hours1 even though she be   
unable to go down to the assembly-room4 
,here1  in a room particularly bright   
and cheerful1 lies a young woman with a 
wealth of dark hair on the pillow where 

her intelligent face beams with  a      
certain courage1 although her body and  
limbs have been for years               
immovable--only one arm1 for an inch or 
two1 and three fingers of the  right    
hand1 can be stirred--and yet1 as we    
stand and talk with her1 some  small    
simple jest about her own condition     
causes her to laugh till the  bed       
shakes4 ,she has learnt to write by     
holding a pencil in her mouth1  and     
inscribes neat and legible letters on   
paper placed on a rest just in  front of
 her face4 ,she is not only cheerful1   
but actually hopeful1  though she has   
been for years in this condition2 and   
her relations1  great and small1 visit  
her1 to find her always heartily        
determined to  look on the bright side4 
,at the foot of her bed1 near the       
window1 is a  swing looking-glass on a  
pedestal1 and in this she sees reflected
 the  distant prospect of autumn wood   
and field1 extending miles away4        
,judging  from her nobly equable and    

smiling face1 she must be the life of   
the  room of which she has been so long 
an occupant4 ,in another apartment a    
poor schoolmistress suffering from      
hemorrhage of the lungs lies reading    
for many hours a day1 her face bearing a
 painful expression1 her manner  eager1 
her constant craving to work on1 by the 
study of books concerning  the problems 
of this earthly life and the sciences   
that strive to  demonstrate them and yet
 only bring us to the barrier of the    
eternal  world4 ,she yearns for one more
 day amidst her classes1 and for the    
opportunity of testing the results of   
sick-bed thoughts on a method of        
education which should adapt itself to  
the individual temperament and  mental  
peculiarity of each child4 ,amidst a    
troubled tide of thoughts  that are     
perhaps sometimes too much for the weary
 brain1 she may learn  to recognise the 
rest that comes after hearing the       
,divine voice say1  ,peace6 be still2   
and so a great spiritual calm may fall  

upon her1 and  give her rest4    ,yet   
another visit1 and we find a girl who1  
from an accidental fall1 is  as         
immovable as a statue1 her dark         
questioning eyes and mobile face  alone 
excepted4 ,yet she is sometimes lifted  
into a wheel-chair that  stands stabled 
by her bedside1 and joins the company in
 the great  parlour downstairs4 ,there  
is another little parlour1 with quite a 
select  coterie1 under the presidency of
 an elderly gentlewoman1 who is busily  
knitting at a table1 while her friends  
recline at the windows1 on their        
special couches2 and in several of the  
dormitories patients are sitting  up1   
reading1 working1 or looking at the     
fitful aspect of earth and sky  on this 
,october afternoon4 ,sufferers from     
heart-disease1 with that  anxious       
contracted expression so indicative of  
their malady1 are  numerous2 but the    
larger number of the patients seem to   
suffer from  rheumatism1 or             
paralysis--among them one lady1 with    

silvered hair1 and  yet with bright     
expressive eyes1 and still bonny face1  
who was once a  well-known singer in    
,london4 ,she is unable to rise from    
couch or bed1  but the readiness of     
repartee1 the bright inquiring look1 the
 quick  appreciation and retort1 remain1
 as do a certain swift expressive action
  of head and hands1 which is           
marvellously suggestive of dramatic     
gesture2  for1 happily1 her hands and   
arms are still capable of movement1 and 
she  has several periodicals on the     
coverlet--among them the latest monthly 
part of a magazine1 in one of the       
stories in which she is evidently       
interested4 ,she1 with two or three     
others1 are inmates of the hospital  at 
their own charges4    ,we have but      
little time to devote to the men's side 
of this great  institution2 but its     
dormitories and furniture1 its large    
day-room1  where daughters sit talking  
in low voice to fathers1 sisters to     
brothers1 wives to husbands--its        

pleasant out-door contingent1 who have  
just returned from slowly perambulating 
the grounds in wheel-chairs1 or  sit    
basking outside in the latest gleam of  
sunshine--its club in the  rustic hut   
especially appointed for this           
purpose--all might bear  comment4 ,here 
is a sturdy youth1 who1 falling from a  
tree1 and alighting  on his heels1      
incurably injured his spine1 and now    
lies all day1 mostly  out of doors1 and 
without a coat1 frequently engaged in   
knitting4 ,there  is a poor gentleman1  
who has for sixteen years been almost   
immovable1  from rheumatism1 even his   
jaw being so fixed that he takes food   
through  an aperture in the teeth4 ,he  
has been through two or three hospitals1
  and under the care of the most eminent
 surgeons1 and has come here now  as to 
an ark of refuge1 where he can read and 
talk1 and be wheeled about  the         
neighbourhood on occasional visits4     
,only one case of all those that  we    
witness is startling in its melancholy  

sense of terrible loss and              
incurability2 that rigid1 grimly-set    
face1 in the ward where the corner  bed 
in which the grizzled head lies is the  
only one occupied this  afternoon4 ,the 
body belonging to that face is almost   
immovable--the ears  are deaf1 the      
tongue is mute1 the eyes are nearly     
sealed--not by sudden  calamity1 but by 
gradual yielding to decay or disease4   
,he has been an  inmate several years1  
and is the one case here before which we
 may  almost quail in our solemn sense  
of affliction2 and yet1 to the touch of 
certain loving hands that dead face     
kindles2 that mind1 seemingly locked  in
 stupor1 wakes to life2 that            
intelligence1 encased in a casket       
iron-bound and motionless1 can          
understand the signs that are made upon 
his own hands or forehead1 and interpret
 them so as to give some kind of        
grateful answer4 ,it needs the touch of 
the lady nurse to bring out this        
strange music from an instrument so     

unstrung2 but that it should be done  at
 all is an evidence of the hold that    
loving sympathy and some subtle         
influence almost beyond mere bodily     
capacity of expression has taken in     
these dear souls of the sick and the    
afflicted4 ,that is where the shadow    
lifts1 even in the darkness of the      
valley2 that is how the ,spirit of      
,christ may abound2 and the soul1 in    
recognizing the work of the  disciple1  
may recognise the ,lord therein1 and    
remember the ,living  ,word--,though ,i 
walk through the valley of the shadow of
 death1 ,i will  fear no evil1 for ,thou
 art with me4          ,,with ,,the     
,,halt ,,and ,,the ,,lame4      ,i      
suppose there are few people in         
,england1 who are at all accustomed to  
keep ,christmas amidst a loving family  
circle1 who have not during the  sacred 
festivities of the season1 and all the  
household sentiments with  which they   
are inseparably associated1 made some   
reference to the  ,christmas ,carol1    

that famous story of the great novelist 
whose  presence in the spirit of his    
books has brightened so many a          
,christmas  hearth1 and moved so many   
gentle hearts to kindly thoughts and    
words of  loving cheer4    ,amongst all 
the well-known characters to which ,mr4 
,dickens introduced  thousands of       
readers--characters who1 to many of us1 
became realities1  and were spoken of as
 though they were living and among our  
ordinary  acquaintances--there have been
 none1 except perhaps little ,nell1 who 
have evoked more sympathetic recognition
 than ,tiny ,tim1 the poor  crippled    
child of ,bob ,cratchit--the child1 the 
sound of whose little  crutch upon the  
stair was listened for with loving      
expectation--the  shadow of whose vacant
 chair in the ,vision of ,christmas1    
gave to the  humbled usurer as keen a   
pang as any sight that he saw afterwards
 in  that strange dream of what might   
come to pass4 ,so completely do we share
  the anxiety of ,scrooge in this       

respect1 that we can all remember giving
  a sigh of relief when1 at the end of  
the story1 we learn that the poor       
crippled boy remains to bless the       
fireside where even his afflictions     
were felt to be a hallowing influence to
 soften animosities1 and to draw  close 
the bonds of family love4    ,somehow he
 gets thoughtful1 sitting by himself    
7says ,bob ,cratchit71  and thinks the  
strangest things you ever heard4 ,he    
told me1 coming  home1 that he hoped the
 people saw him in the church1 because  
he was a  cripple1 and it might be      
pleasant to them to remember upon       
,christmas-day  who made lame beggars   
walk and blind men see4    ,if ,i needed
 an excuse for so long an allusion to   
that pathetic story1  which has stirred 
so many hearts throughout ,england1 ,i  
might find it in  the passage ,i have   
just quoted2 but ,i seek none4 ,i refer 
to the  ,christmas ,carol1 because in it
 the figure of the crippled boy1        
occupying so small a space1 yet is such 

a living1 touching influence as  to be  
one of the household fancies that       
associate themselves with our  thoughts 
of ,christmas-tide in poor homes2       
because there are so many  little       
crutches the sounds of which are        
heard--though fewer than there  used to 
be before orthopdic surgery became a    
special branch of study1  and hospitals 
were founded for its practice2 because1 
though ,tiny ,tim  may represent so many
 crippled children who are the helpless 
members of  poor families1 where they   
are tended with as kindly care as       
working  fathers and mothers can find   
time for--there are hundreds of other   
deformed or maimed lads whose lot is    
made the harder because of the want  of 
sympathy and ready aid that would lift  
them out of utter  helplessness1 or give
 them such light labour to perform as   
would  diminish their sense of          
dependence4 ,finally1 because ,i desire 
you to  bear me company to one place in 
,london where this last need is         

recognised1 and where forty crippled    
boys1 suffering from various  incurable 
deformities1 which yet have left them   
the use of their hands1  are not only   
taught a trade1 but are encouraged1 fed1
 and nurtured for  the three years      
during which they are inmates of the    
home--,the ,national  ,industrial ,home 
for ,crippled ,boys4    ,alighting from 
the railway carriage which conveys us   
from ,mansion ,house  ,station to the   
pleasant old ,high ,street of           
,kensington1 we are close to  the place 
that we have come to see1 for the       
building itself--a quaint  old house1   
with a central doorway between two      
projecting deep  bay-windowed fronts1   
and built of the reddest of red         
brick--stands at  the end of ,wright's  
,lane1 looking us full in the face as we
 approach it  to read the style and     
title plainly painted across its upper  
storey4    ,the house has good reason   
for looking the world thus bluffly in   
the  face1 for it is an independent     

building1 bought and paid for3          
hearth-stone1 roof tree1 and chimney1   
freehold1 and without debt or  mortgage4
 ,till this was done1 all thought of    
considerable extension was  put aside4  
,the question was how to provide1 out of
 voluntary  subscriptions and           
contributions1 for the fifty inmates who
 could be  admitted within those        
sheltering walls4 ,it must be premised1 
however1  that ten pounds a year has to 
be paid for each boy who is accepted1   
during the three years that he remains  
there1 to be taught in the  evening     
school and in the workshop1 not only how
 to read and write and  cipher1 but to  
become a good workman at tailoring1     
carpentering1 or  die-engraving and     
colour-stamping4    ,these are at       
present the only three trades taught in 
this truly  industrial home1 but they   
appear to be very admirably suited to   
the  cases of those who are deformed or 
crippled in various ways2 and they  are 
taught well1 as an inspection of the    

work accomplished will prove4  ,for the 
workshops are real workshops1 where the 
boys do not play at  work1 but are      
taught their trades in a way that will  
enable them when  they leave the        
institution to gain a decent livelihood1
 or even1 if they  can save a little    
money1 to go into business for          
themselves4    ,this has been lately    
done1 in fact1 by two youths1 who1      
having  thoroughly learnt the           
relief-stamping process1 have contrived 
to buy a  press and the materials for   
their trade1 and are now in partnership 
in a  country town1 and earning a       
respectable maintenance4 ,of sixteen    
lads who  left during the year1 twelve  
were doing well as journeymen at the    
industries they had learnt2 one had set 
up in business for himself 7the         
relief-stamping gives the greatest      
facility for this72 and two had         
returned to their friends because of ill
 health1 while one had not  reported    
himself ,but during the same period     

forty of the former inmates  had been to
 visit the old home1 and gave a very    
encouraging account of  themselves4 ,let
 us add1 in a whisper1 that amongst     
these visitors were a  team of old boys 
who had come to accept the challenge of 
a team of  the new boys1 to play a match
 at cricket4 ,yes1 and that these teams 
of  cripples have1 over and over again1 
carried off their bats against          
opponents who1 if they expected an easy 
victory1 found themselves to  have been 
most amazingly mistaken4 ,i don't think 
this is mentioned in  the ,report1 but  
it is well to know it1 because it serves
 to prove how  truly beneficent a work  
is being done here1 in removing boys    
from a too  often almost hopeless       
condition to one of useful1 intelligent1
 skilled  labour1 and to healthy        
self-forgetfulness and association in   
the  ordinary duties and recreations of 
their fellows4 ,it must be remembered   
that every boy there is1 in a certain   
sense1 incurable4 ,after having  been   

nominated by the person willing to      
contribute the annual payment of  #aj1  
the medical officers of the institution 
7or if in the country1 some  qualified  
practitioner7 examine the candidate1 who
 must be above twelve  and less than    
eighteen years of age1 and neither      
blind1 deaf and dumb1  nor without the  
use of his hands4 ,the name of the      
candidate is then  added to the list of 
those waiting for admission--of whom    
there are now1  unfortunately1 above    
seventy--and when there is a vacancy1   
and funds are  sufficient to maintain   
the full number of inmates1 these       
candidates are  taken in succession1    
without voting1 by order of the         
,committee of  ,management1 of whom the 
,president is the ,earl of ,shaftesbury1
 and the  ,honorary ,secretary ,mr4 ,s4 
,h4 ,bibby1 of ,green ,street1          
,grosvenor ,square4  ,there is also an  
efficient ,ladies' ,committee for the   
household  management and for advising  
as to the education of the boys1 the    

visits  of the friends of the inmates1  
and the domestic affairs of the ,home   
generally4 ,there are some severe cases 
of deformity here--club-foot1  spinal   
curvature1 and various distortions of   
the legs--and in many cases  instruments
 are worn1 but the ,institution does not
 profess to provide  these4 ,frequently 
they are procured by special            
contributions1 and among  the latest    
gifts of this kind is a serviceable     
wooden leg or two1 which  have had the  
happy effect of relieving their         
recipients from the  necessity of using 
crutches2 but it is distinctly insisted 
on that the  ,home is not a hospital1   
and is only curative in the sense of    
improving  the condition of those who1  
having been pronounced incurable1 are   
yet  capable of greatly increased       
activity and strength by means of       
nourishing and regular food1 interesting
 occupation1 and healthy  exercise with 
companions who themselves are to be     
numbered among the  halt and the lame1  

and yet are1 in a very certain sense1   
made to walk  and to leap and to praise 
,god4 ,for see1 at the very moment that 
,i am  speaking1 a little figure darts  
out of the passage yonder and scampers  
across the large open green space at the
 back of the house on his way to  the   
new range of workshops that are now     
nearly completed1 and are also  paid    
for4 ,is it possible to apply the term  
cripple to such an elf1 who  is out of  
reach before one can ask his name8 ,yes2
 that very elf-like  look is the result 
of a deformity which stops growth1      
though it leaves  the limbs as active as
 you see them4 ,but come up-stairs to   
the first of  the present workshops1 and
 you may note among the colour-stampers1
  sitting on their high stools before   
the dies and presses1 cases of more     
decided deformity or of crippling by    
accident4 ,these boys follow an         
artistic1 pretty business1 and visitors 
may do worse than give a small  or a    
large order for notepaper and envelopes1

 stamped with crest1 motto1  or quaint  
design4 ,so well is the work executed1  
that the ,home has orders  constantly in
 hand for the trade1 and some of the    
dies are really  beautiful examples of  
engraving4 ,i think that in this long   
pleasant  upper room1 with its high     
bench running along the window1 fitted  
with  the presses and implements for the
 work1 there are more severe cases of   
deformity than will be seen in either in
 the tailors' department on the  same   
floor1 or the carpenters' shop below4   
,one reflects on the numerous  accidents
 to which the children of the poor are  
liable1 such as falls  down flights of  
stairs2 to the inhuman neglect of old   
women who are paid  as minders by       
mothers compelled to go out to work in  
neighbourhoods  where no infant crche1  
no babies' cradle home1 has yet been    
established1 or in country towns where  
such institutions have scarcely  been   
heard of4 ,one remembers with pity the  
scores of poor little  creatures who    

have to nurse and tend children almost  
as big as  themselves1 so that they and 
their charges too often become deformed 
together1 the nurse with lateral        
curvature of the spine and the baby     
with vertical curvature or with         
deformities of the feet or legs4 ,one   
thinks1 in short1 of the many perils to 
healthy life and well-formed  limb that 
beset the children of the poor1 and then
 coming back to the  figures of this    
,national ,home1 which yet1 with careful
 management and  due economy1 can only  
receive forty or fifty crippled         
boys--wonders how  long it is to be     
before the ruddy old house in ,wright's 
,lane will expand  its broad bosom and  
stretch out long arms on either side to 
embrace  three-score more lads1 taken   
from present neglect and want and       
probable  ill-usage1 to be fed and      
taught and nurtured for three years1    
during  which the whole future will be  
changed for them1 and their lives       
redeemed from the degradation that had  

threatened them just as their  bodies   
expand with renewed health and strange  
developments of  unsuspected strength1  
and their souls are lighted with hope   
and the  sympathy of loving words and   
hearty manly encouragement4    ,a       
beginning has been made already2 for    
that munificent anonymous  benefactor1  
whose thousand-pound cheques have helped
 so many of our  deserving charities1   
showed his usual nice discrimination by 
taking a  walk in the direction of      
,wright's ,lane4 ,the result of this has
 been the  erection of those long       
workshops which extend across one side  
of the  wide green area1 with its       
ornamental trees1 at the back of the    
building--an area which is a good part  
of the acre on which the property       
stands1 and forms a capital             
recreation-ground1 without quite leaving
 out  of sight the pleasant             
kitchen-garden beyond1 or the little    
building in  the further corner1 which  
is intended as a cottage infirmary in   

cases of  sickness4 ,there are the      
workshops1 quite ready for another      
contingent of  lads1 such as are now    
busily at work in the tailoring         
department1 where  they are sitting on  
the board in the proper tailor-fashion1 
sewing away  at one or other of the many
 private orders for gentlemen's clothes1
 or  juvenile suits1 which are the      
better appreciated because they are     
hand-sewn1 instead of being made with   
that machine1 at the end of the  room1  
to learn the working of which is1       
however1 a necessary part of the  modern
 tailor's trade4 ,quite ready1 also1 for
 our friends the  relief-stampers1 and  
for an additional crew of young         
carpenters to join  those who are now   
busy below amidst a fine odour of fresh 
deal and the  cheery sound of hammer1   
chisel1 and plane4 ,one of our young    
friends of  the wooden legs--a strapping
 fellow of seventeen--is just deftly    
finishing off a very attractive chest of
 drawers1 which will only need  to be   

taken to the painting and varnishing    
rooms that form a part of the  new      
building to be a very capital example of
 the workmanship of the  establishment4 
,for it cannot be too strongly insisted 
on that the  customers of the           
,industrial ,cripples get value for     
their money1 whether  it be in          
ornamental stationery1 in plain         
furniture1 packing cases1  boxes1 and   
general carpentry1 or in superfine suits
 to order1 or own  materials made up and
 repairs neatly executed4 ,it is no sham
 industrial  school1 but a real         
practical working establishment1 and    
when the new  buildings are quite       
completed1 and the dwelling-house has   
that other  wing added to it1 in order  
to provide proper dormitories and a     
school-room1 dining-room1 and lavatory1 
at all in proportion to the  number of  
boys who are waiting anxiously for      
admission----    ,ah6 but the question  
is1 ,when shall this be8 ,not till      
another #e1jjj is  added to the funds1  

,i am told--about as much money as is   
sometimes spent  in some public display 
which lasts three or four hours1 and    
going to  look at which probably half a 
dozen men1 women1 or children are lamed 
and crippled in the crowd4 ,judging from
 the present arrangements1 with  very   
little room to spare1 and a not very    
conveniently-adaptable space1  the money
 would be carefully spent2 for there is 
no tendency to undue  luxury1 and the   
present household staff would still be  
sufficient for  providing meals and     
looking after the family needs of these 
robust and  independent young cripples4 
,that it would be a work all the more   
beneficial1 because of this very        
independence with which it is           
associated1 it needs few arguments to   
prove2 but1 should reasons be  asked    
for1 let us take three cases for which  
the benefits of the ,home  are earnestly
 sought1 and they will speak in         
suggestive accents of the  need of that 
extension for which an appeal is being  

made4 ,i need not  tell you the names   
either of those who nominate the cases  
or the boys  themselves2 but be assured 
that the former would be sufficient     
guarantee  of the need which it is      
sought to relieve3--     ,no4 #a4--,the 
father is paralysed1 and can do no work4
 ,the mother is not   a very            
satisfactory person4 ,family consist    
of--      #a4 ,the eldest1 a boy of     
twenty1 who does odd jobs4      #b4 ,the
 cripple4      #c4 ,boy1 works1 and gets
 #es4      #d4 ,boy1 sells lights in the
 ,city4     ,there are four little girls
 at home besides4 ,the cripple is in a  
very   wretched state from want of food1
 but he has the use of his hands4       
,no4 #b 7,,edinburgh74--,was never at   
school more than a year in his life1    
and never attended regularly two months 
together4 ,he can neither read   nor    
write1 and has been neglected and often 
half-starved by his   dissipated        
parents4 ,his mother pawns everything   
she can get to buy   drink1 and the boy 

has little benefit from the wages he    
makes1 which   are about #es4 per week4 
,their house is miserably dirty1 ,mrs4  
---- 7the   mother7 being always drunk  
or incapable on the ,saturday and       
,sunday4 ,the   boy works at ,mr4       
,b----'s ,pottery1 ,p----4 ,he is honest
 and industrious4   ,he is more         
miserable at home of late since he is   
left alone with his   mother4 ,it would 
be a great advantage to the boy if he   
could be   admitted to the ,industrial  
,home at ,kensington1 where he would be 
well   trained1 and where he would be   
quite beyond his mother's reach4        
,no4 #c 7recommended by a               
,clergyman74--,has been very regular at 
our   school1 and has been attentive and
 got on very well4 ,his mother1 a       
widow1 lives with her sons1 all of whom 
she has brought up well4 ,she is   an   
industrious1 honest woman1 and receives 
no help from the ,board of   ,guardians 
excepting an allowance made for the     
maintenance of the   cripple1 and which1

 in case of his being accepted at the   
,home1 they   have promised to continue 
to pay for his maintenance4 ,i may add  
that   the ,board1 when he was called   
before them the other day1 gave great   
praise to his mother for the cleanliness
 and respectability of his   appearance4
    ,poor1 depressed1 starved1          
neglected1 hopeless crippled boys1 how  
long  will it be before they come here  
for shelter1 for hope1 and renewal of   
life8 ,i should ask the question--though
 the answer could only be a  guess--but 
,i am suddenly diverted by the          
tremendous ringing of a  hand-bell1 on  
which one vigorous young cripple is     
ringing a peal1 which  is almost loud   
enough to announce to all ,kensington   
that it is  tea-time4 ,the sound has the
 effect of bringing all the forty from  
their work--a contingent of young       
carpenters staying behind for a little  
while to dispose of some waste shavings 
which have been swept out of  some      
corner where they may have been in the  

way4 ,then they come trooping  into the 
big room1 where they present so strange 
a variety of height and  appearance1 and
 also so remarkable a diversity of twist
 and lameness and  distortion1 that we  
are impressed at once with the          
melancholy fact that  every boy there is
 in reality a cripple1 and yet with the 
cheering  reflection1 inspired by some  
of the lively smiling faces1 that there 
are  vast mitigations of such           
afflictions--mitigations that come so   
near to  cures as to make our neglect of
 them a very serious evil1 when the     
means  lie near at hand4    ,in this big
 room1 which is neither dining-room1 nor
 kitchen1 nor  refectory1 but a homely  
combination of all three1 there is no   
ornament1  no sign of luxury1 or of     
unnecessary expenditure-plain deal forms
 or  stools at plain deal tables1 on    
which are arranged a regiment of        
full-sized mugs of good sound tea1 and  
plates1 each containing a  substantial  
half-pound slice of bread from a homely 

two-pound loaf1  spread with butter or  
dripping4 ,for breakfast the same       
quantity is  provided1 with the         
substitution of coffee for tea2 and     
dinner consists  of a half-pound of     
roast or boiled meat1 with plenty of    
vegetables1 and  dumplings1 pies1 or    
puddings2 while bread and cheese1 or    
bread and  butter1 is served for supper4
 ,for it must be remembered that these  
are  working lads1 and that they require
 to be substantially1 and1 from the     
nature of their bodily affliction1 even 
generously fed1 so that these  supplies 
of pure plain diet are not by any means 
excessive2 and they are  such as one    
very ordinary kitchen can supply--a     
kitchen1 by the bye1  which will        
probably be superseded by a more        
convenient one when the new  wing shall 
be finished4 ,yet there is something in 
these unadorned1 bare1  almost too      
plainly appointed places1 which brings  
with it a reassuring  conviction that   
the institution has never been pampered4

 ,the  dining-room1 which has to do duty
 for a school-room also--the play-room1 
which is a rather dim kind of retreat on
 this ,november evening--and the  plain1
 rather bare1 but still clean and airy  
dormitories 7especially  those in the   
big bay-windowed front rooms of the old 
red brick house71  are evidences that   
the place does not belie its name2 that 
it is really  a home1 but essentially an
 industrial home1 where work goes on as 
part  of each day's blessing1 and the   
title to play freely and with a light   
heart is thereby ensured4               
,,with ,,them ,,who ,,have ,,not ,,where
 ,,to ,,lay ,,their ,,heads4      ,there
 is a degree of poverty which1 while it 
is not absolute pauperism1  often has   
deeper needs than those which are       
alleviated by parochial  relief--a      
destitution which is none the less      
bitter because those who  suffer it     
cannot stoop to actual mendicancy1 and  
shrink from the  degradation of the     
casual ward and its contaminating       

influences4    ,those of us who at this 
season of the year are surrounded with  
comforts1  and can meet together to     
enjoy them1 should feel that there is no
 sadder  phase of the life of this great
 city than that to which our attention  
is  called by the statistics of those   
same casual wards1 and the  accompanying
 certainty that every night there are   
men1 women1 and  children1 who1 amidst  
surrounding luxury and splendour1 have  
not where  to lay their heads1 and for  
whom the repellent door of the nearest  
union  workhouse is closed1 even if they
 could summon such courage as comes of  
desperation1 and dared to enter4        
,happily1 the numbers of those who seek 
what is called casual relief have       
diminished in proportion to the general 
abatement of pauperism2 and it  is      
perhaps encouraging to know that the    
applicants for nightly shelter  at      
,refuges for the homeless and destitute 
are fewer than they were three  or four 
years ago4 ,this is a fact which should 

be made public1 because  some of these  
,refuges have been accused of offering  
inducements to  casual paupers to seek  
food and shelter provided by charitable 
subscriptions1 instead of betaking      
themselves to the night-wards  provided 
for them at metropolitan workhouses4    
,the complaint was made on  altogether  
insufficient grounds1 at a time when1   
during a hard winter1  and with a       
fearful amount of distress among the    
poorest class of the  community1 the    
workhouse night-wards themselves were   
frequently  inadequate to the demands   
made upon them2 while1 apart from the   
persons  who were known as casual       
paupers1 there were hundreds of         
unfortunates  suffering from temporary  
starvation and the want of a place in   
which to  find a night's lodging1 who   
yet were altogether removed from what is
  known as pauperism1 and dreaded the   
abject hopelessness which they          
associated with the ,union4    ,it      
should not be forgotten1 either1 that   

the task which is1 and was  then1       
imposed upon the pauper on the morning  
following his night's  lodging and its  
previous dole of gruel and bread1       
renders it almost  impossible for the   
recipient to obtain work4 ,before his   
job of  stone-breaking or oakum-picking 
is accomplished1 the hour for commencing
  ordinary labour outside the workhouse 
walls has passed1 and his hope of       
resuming independent employment1 and the
 wages that will provide food  and      
lodging for the next four-and-twenty    
hours1 has passed also4 ,this  alone is 
always sufficient to make a very marked 
distinction between the  regular casual 
pauper and the temporarily unfortunate  
man or woman who1  having failed to get 
work1 and seeking only the aid that may 
give rest  and strength for a renewed   
effort1 might look in vain for succour  
but  for the existence of places like   
that admirable ,institution to which ,i 
wish to take you to-night4    ,the      
shameful spectacle of groups1 and1 in   

many instances1 of crowds1 of           
houseless1 starving1 and half-naked     
creatures huddled about the doors of    
casual wards1 to which they had been    
refused admission in direct  defiance of
 legislation1 led to the establishment  
of ,night ,refuges4  ,there was then no 
time to dispute4 ,while boards and      
committees were  squabbling and         
vilifying each other1 the poor were     
perishing4 ,but even  now that a better 
system prevails1 and pauperism has so   
considerably  diminished1 there is much 
necessity for the continuance of these  
institutions and their adaptation to the
 relief of that kind of distress  which 
is all the more poignant because it is  
at present only temporary1  but would   
receive the brand and stamp of          
permanence if it could find no  other   
mitigation than that secured by an      
appeal to workhouse officials1  the     
shelter of the casual shed1 the union   
dole1 and the daily task  required in   
return4    ,at the time that ,night     

,refuges were first founded1 in         
consequence of the  failure of the      
,houseless ,poor ,act1 there were one or
 two institutions  which went on the    
plan of offering no inducement whatever 
to those who  sought shelter within     
their walls4 ,the provisions were barer1
 the beds  harder1 the reception little 
less cold and unsympathetic than they   
would  receive at any metropolitan      
union4    ,those of my readers who      
remember the ,refuge for the ,houseless 
,poor which  once stood in ,playhouse   
,yard1 close to that foul tangle of     
courts that  still exists between       
,barbican and ,st4 ,luke's1 and is known
 as ,the  ,chequers1 will understand me 
when ,i say that there were no alluring 
inducements for the houseless and the   
destitute to seek its aid4    ,i have   
seldom seen a more painfully suggestive 
crowd than that which  waited outside   
the blank door of that hideous building 
on a cold drizzly  evening when ,i paid 
the place a visit1 only a short time    

before it was  finally closed4 ,i cannot
 deny1 however1 that the applicants for 
admission consisted of those persons for
 whom the institution seemed to  be     
especially designed4 ,the very lowest   
class of poverty1 the  representatives  
of sheer destitution1 made up the #cej  
men and the #aej  women who were to     
occupy the bare wooden bunks in the two 
departments of  the building that night1
 and to accept1 as a stay against       
starvation1  the half-pound of dry bread
 and the drink of water4 ,what ,i would 
call  emphatic attention to1 is the fact
 that this place was filled nightly at  
that time1 because the inmates could    
leave early in the morning to seek  a   
day's work1 and so rise out of that     
depth of destitution which was          
represented by the nightly return to the
 casual ward4 ,but let us  remember     
that1 though this ,institution could    
scarcely be characterised  by the warm  
name of charity1 it received all        
applicants who were not  suffering from 

infectious diseases1 and therefore its  
policy was  deterrent4 ,in order to     
separate itself from the idle casual1 it
 made its  provisions little short of   
penal1 and1 indeed1 very far short of   
those  common comforts that are to be   
found in prison4    ,but the ,refuge in 
,newport ,market was one of those which 
had been founded  on a different        
principle4 ,it was never intended as a  
supplement to the  casual ward1 or as   
having any relation to poor-law relief2 
though1  during the terrible distress   
that overtook the houseless in that     
severe  winter when our poor-law        
arrangements broke down utterly1 it was 
impossible for any place founded in the 
name of ,christian love and  charity to 
be very particular in excluding         
famishing and frozen men and  women on  
the suspicion that they had already     
somehow obtained parochial  relief the  
night before4    ,this ,refuge was      
originally established by the influence 
and the  personal exertions of ,mrs4    

,gladstone1 and a few ladies and        
gentlemen  who1 knowing of the extreme  
distress that prevailed in all that     
poverty-stricken neighbourhood about    
,seven ,dials1 around the  alien-haunted
 district of ,soho1 and in the purlieux 
of ,drury ,lane1 and  the courts of     
,long ,acre1 set about providing some   
remedy for the misery  that homeless1   
destitute men1 women1 and children had  
to suffer during  the bitter nights of  
winter4 ,first1 a regular mission was   
established in  an ordinary room1 and1  
after a time1 space was secured to make 
a  ,refuge--first for six1 then for ten1
 and afterwards for twenty of the  most 
destitute cases which came under the    
notice of the mission-woman4  ,this went
 on till the funds were sufficient to   
warrant a very earnest  desire to obtain
 larger premises1 and at last to make a 
bid for that  queer ramshackle old      
slaughter-house1 which was the rather   
too indicative  feature of the locality4
 ,the landlords of this place were fully

 alive to  the value of any property    
rising in proportion to the anxiety of  
somebody  to become its tenant1 and they
 demanded a high rent accordingly4      
,still1  the work had to be done1 and   
the slaughter-house--cleansed1 repaired1
  whitewashed1 and divided into several 
queer1 irregular-shaped wards and       
rooms1 which were reached by strange    
flights of steps and zig-zag            
entries--was opened with cheerful       
confidence and hope1 under the earnest  
superintendence of the ,rev4 ,j4        
,williams1 who was at that time         
incumbent  of the parish of ,st4 ,mary1 
,soho4 ,it was at that period that ,i   
first made  acquaintance with the       
,institution1 and with the quiet1       
undemonstrative  work of charity which  
was carried on there1 and is continued  
to this  day1 though it is less arduous 
now that the neighbourhood itself has   
felt the influence of such an           
organization--not so much in the        
diminution of actual poverty1 as in the 

humanising and constantly  suggestive   
presence of men and women who have      
brought a gospel to those  who were     
hopeless1 and seemed to have none to    
care for them4    ,the need to receive  
numbers every night to the utmost limits
 of the  ,institution has passed now1   
except occasionally during very severe  
weather2 and though the cases admitted  
are still those where deep1 and         
sometimes apparently almost fatal1      
misfortune is the claim1 there is no    
longer the urgency which forbade a too  
discriminating selection1 and the       
regular casual stands no chance under   
the quick and experienced eye of  the   
superintendent1 ,mr4 ,ramsden1 whose    
military tone and manner are1 by  the   
way1 modulated so as to carry the sense 
of detection to the  pretender1 and to  
support and give courage to the weak and
  faint-hearted4    ,the same complete1 
quiet method of receiving applicants who
 await  admission enables me to repeat  
the impression which ,i received during 

the time that the demands upon the night
 ,refuge were more urgent4 ,the         
experienced visitor who stands at the   
gate of this rehabilitated  building    
that was once the old slaughter-house1  
and who watches the  people go in one by
 one1 and listens to their low-voiced   
pleas for food  and shelter1 cannot     
mistake them for casual ward cases4     
,just as1 in some  other ,institutions1 
the pain of the spectacle is the        
degraded poverty of  those who seek aid1
 the most affecting element here is     
utter  destitution1 without that        
accustomed debasement which would find a
  fitting resource at the workhouse     
door1 leading to the night shed4        
,these are broken-down men and women2   
old men beaten in the battle of  life1  
and full of present sorrow2 young men   
who have fought and failed1  or who have
 eaten of the husks1 and seek occasion  
to rise to a better  mind2 middle-aged  
men not altogether crushed or hopeless1 
but in sore  want1 and needing the sound

 of a kindly voice1 the touch of a      
friendly  hand2 women who have lost     
youth and worldly hope together--women  
who1  more weak than wicked1 and without
 resource1 need some stay alike for     
fainting bodies and for wandering souls2
 women worn and hungry1 because  of the 
lack even of ill-paid work1 and asking  
for rest and food till  they can seek   
employment3 some who will go forth in   
the morning and set  out afresh2 others 
who1 if they can secure two or three    
nights' lodging1  with a mouthful of    
food and drink morning and evening1 have
 a good hope  of doing better in the    
future4    ,to those who know how the   
demand for certain kinds of labour      
varies1 and  frequently slackens towards
 the winter months1 when need is sorest1
 this  latter most merciful provision   
comes with a sense of truest charity4   
,tickets of admission are issued to     
friends and visitors of the             
,institution 7and any one may be a      
visitor who chooses to ring at the  bell

 of the old slaughter-house71 entitling 
the holder to admission  after the      
regular evening hour of half-past five  
to six1 so that in  bestowing one of    
these the judicious subscriber 7not     
necessarily1 but  surely from sympathy a
 subscriber7 can be a true benefactor4  
,for these  tickets will admit the      
really deserving nightly for a week1    
with supper  of bread and coffee or     
cocoa1 or occasional savoury soup1 and  
breakfast  of bread and coffee4 ,and    
even this time is occasionally extended1
 if  there be a reasonable prospect of  
obtaining work4 ,not only               
ticket-holders1 but every applicant1 may
 have the same privilege1 if it  can be 
shown that he or she is really likely to
 obtain employment4 ,but  there is more 
than this4 ,there are men here--truest  
of gentlemen1 beyond  that social stamp 
of rank which rightfully belongs to     
them--who1 with a  real1 manly instinct1
 know how to take poverty by the hand   
without  offensive patronage or untimely

 preaching4 ,there are ladies who1 in   
their true womanhood1 can see the       
contrition in faces bowed down--the     
shame that is caused1 not by evil       
doings1 but by the feeling of dismay    
which comes of having to ask for        
charity--can sympathise with broken     
fortunes1 with gentle nurture--cast upon
 a hard1 relentless world1 with  that   
poverty which is above the common4      
,more still4 ,among the supporters and  
the constant visitors are those who  can
 use special influence for cases that   
need it most1 and obtain for  them      
admission to hospitals and other        
asylums1 or introduce to  situations    
those who by sudden calamity have been  
deprived of the means  of living4       
,yes1 even in their deepest need1 poor1 
wandering1 homeless women may  come here
 and find help1 for in that large1      
lofty1 yet warm and  well-lighted room1 
the women's dormitory--one side of which
 is composed  of a series of niches     
where the comfortable beds are          

placed--there are  to be seen a row of  
doors1 which seem to belong to a series 
of cabins1  as1 indeed1 they do4 ,each  
door opens into a small bed-room--small1
 but  with room for a chair1 a tiny     
table1 and the neat bed4 ,they are the  
lodgings set apart for women1 who1 in   
the midst of their poverty and          
destitution1 are looking forward        
fearfully to the time when children     
will be born to them1 and so to a period
 of weakness1 and of the sad  mingling  
of maternal pity and desponding sorrow4 
,let me say1 in one line  from the      
,report1 that last year eight young     
women were received into the  ,refuge   
some time before their confinement1 were
 passed on to ,queen  ,charlotte's      
,hospital1 and were helped until such   
time as they were able  to help         
themselves4    ,i think the knowledge of
 this is so cheerful an instance of the 
value of  this most representative      
,refuge1 that even the sight of the     
bright1  warm1 glowing kitchen1 with its

 great boiler of hot coffee1 and its    
noble kettle of soup occupying the jolly
 range1 scarcely imparts an  extra beam 
to the picture2 while the long rows of  
white mugs1 the  pleasant1 clean1       
fragrant loaves1 the big milk-cans1 the 
courteous  chef1 who has a true and     
pardonable pride in his                 
surroundings--no1 not  even the cosy1   
rug-covered berths and bunks in the     
dormitories1 nor the  quaint little     
corner-room to which ,i have to climb a 
crooked staircase  to shake hands with  
the sister who is in charge1 nor the    
equally quaint  and cornery1 not to say 
inconvenient1 sitting-room of ,mr4 and  
,mrs4  ,ramsden1 who have left their tea
 unfinished to do the honours of the    
,institution--can suggest to me a better
 word to say than that which is         
suggested by the picture of the poor    
wandering1 weary1 fainting women1  who1 
almost in despair1 not only for a real1 
but for an expected life1  come here to 
find rest and peace4    ,stay2 one word 

more4 ,who are the class of people for  
whom the ,refuge  doors are ordinarily  
open8 ,let us see what were the most    
numerous cases  among the inmates who   
during the year received #f1ffi nights' 
lodgings  and #af1hhi suppers and       
breakfasts4 ,among the men labourers1 of
 course1  are most numerous2 then       
discharged soldiers--poor fellows who   
have  perhaps foolishly snatched at     
liberty when offered1 and foregone the  
advantages of re-engagement and a       
pension2 next in numerical order come   
clerks--a very painfully suggestive     
fact1 especially when read by the  light
 of the advertisement-columns of our    
newspapers1 and the sad story  of       
genteel poverty in that great suburban  
ring which encircles the  wealthiest    
city in the world4 ,of house-painters   
there were #bd2 of  servants1 #ba2 of   
tailors1 #ac2 of seamen1 #h2 and other  
callings were  represented in remarkable
 variety1 including #a actor1 #f cooks1 
#a  schoolmaster1 #b surveyors1 and #a  

tutor4 ,among the women1 #aii           
servants--show sadly enough the truth of
 the old adage1 ,service is no          
inheritance2 while in numerical         
succession there were1 #ee charwomen1   
#da  laundresses1 #cg needlewomen1 #ca  
tailoresses1 #bg dressmakers1 #bf       
machinists 7alas6 how many women still  
utterly depend on the needle  for a     
subsistence671 #bd cooks1 #bj ironers1  
#af field-labourers4 ,there  were #d    
governesses1 #a actress1 #a             
mission-woman1 and #a staymaker1 the    
rest being variously described4    ,from
 among these1 #id men and #aic women    
obtained employment1 #gg women  having  
been sent to ,penitentiaries and ,homes1
 while #ah were supported in  the       
,refuge or elsewhere by needlework1 #ac 
were sent to their friends1 #fj         
obtained permanent work1 and #ad girls  
of good character were sent to          
,servants' ,homes4    ,but ,i have left 
out one thing now4 ,among this great    
representative  company of refugees were

 #fj children1 of whom #cg were sent to 
nurse or  to school1 while those who    
were old enough---- ,well1 just listen  
to that  burst of military music in a   
distant upper-room of the old           
slaughter-house4 ,i must tell you       
something about the ,newport ,market    
boys  in another chapter4               
,,taking ,,in ,,strangers4      ,yes2   
listen to that startling clangour of    
military music coming from an  upper    
room4 ,we are standing1 you know1 in the
 cheerful kitchen of that  ,refuge for  
the ,homeless in the renovated old      
slaughter-house in ,newport  ,market1   
and ,i want you to come with me to see  
the boys' school1 which  occupies a very
 considerable portion of that           
weatherproof but ramshackle  building4  
,only those who are acquainted with the 
poverty and the crime of this  great    
metropolis can estimate the deep and    
urgent need that still exists  for      
refuges in which homeless1 destitute1   
and neglected children can be  received 

for shelter1 food1 and clothing4 ,only  
the practical student of  the effect of 
our present administration of the       
,education ,act can  calculate how vast 
a necessity is likely to exist for the  
reception and  instruction of the       
children of the poorest1 even when all  
the machinery  of the present ,school   
,board is put in motion for vindicating 
the  compulsory clause4    ,let that    
clause be interpreted in the most       
liberal manner--which would  be in      
effect to provide ,state education      
without cost to the parents--and  the   
,act will still leave untouched a vast  
number of children for whom  nothing can
 be done until their physical           
necessities are provided  for--children 
who are perishing with cold1 starving   
for want of food4 ,a  visit to some of  
the big buildings recently erected by   
the ,london ,school  ,board will reveal 
the fact that there are many such       
children now in  attendance2 neglected1 
barefoot1 half-clothed1 hungry1 and with

 that  wistful eager look1 sometimes    
followed by a kind of stupefaction1     
which  may be observed in the poor      
little outcasts of the streets4 ,there  
is no  reasonable hope of doing much    
with these little creatures till the    
soup-kitchen and the free breakfast are 
among the appliances of  education1     
where the necessity is most pressing1   
and the children perish  for lack of    
bread as well as for lack of knowledge4 
,as it is--,i need not refer again to   
the escape which is always open from    
the streets to the prison4 ,the few     
,government industrial-schools to  which
 magistrates occasionally consign young 
culprits brought before  them are       
intended only for those who come within 
the cognisance of the  law4    ,the     
operations of these reformatory-schools 
are successful so far as  they go4 ,they
 represent seventy-five per cent4 of    
successful reformatory  training as     
applied to juvenile transgressors       
committed by magistrates  to their      

supervision4    ,perhaps1 when we are   
fully impressed with the meaning of the 
statistics  which are published each    
year in the ,report of the ,inspectors  
of  ,certified ,schools in ,great       
,britain1 we shall begin to consider how
 it  will be possible to regard         
destitute children in relation to the   
guardianship of the state before they   
qualify themselves for  ,government     
interposition by the expedient of       
committing what the law  calls a crime4 
,the last ,report states distinctly that
 the sooner criminal children are  taken
 in hand1 the more complete is their    
reformation4 ,there are fewer  criminals
 of less than ten years of age than     
there are hardened  offenders of from   
twelve to sixteen4 ,this is1 so far1    
satisfactory2 but  when we consider that
 7including ,roman ,catholic            
establishments7 there  are but          
fifty-three reformatories in ,england1  
and twelve in ,scotland  7thirty-seven  
of those in ,england and eight in       

,scotland being for boys1  and sixteen  
in ,england and four in ,scotland for   
girls71 and that in  #ahgc1 when the    
,report was issued1 the sum-total of    
children in all these  institutions was 
but #e1fbb1 of whom one-fourth were in  
the ,roman  ,catholic schools--we cease 
to wonder at the vast number of         
homeless1  neglected1 and destitute     
children in ,london alone--a number     
which1  notwithstanding the efforts of  
philanthropy and the activity of ,school
  ,board beadles1 exceeds the total of  
all the inmates of the ,state           
reformatories throughout the kingdom4   
,this refuge at ,newport ,market had    
included destitute and starving boys    
among those who were brought to its     
shelter from the cruel streets1 the     
dark arches of railways and of bridges1 
and the miserable corners where  the    
houseless huddle together at night1 long
 before its supporters could  make      
provision for maintaining any of the    
poor little fellows in an               

industrial-school4 ,but the work grew1  
and the means were found1 first  for    
retaining some of the juvenile lodgers  
who came only for a night's  food1 and  
warmth1 and shelter1 and afterwards for 
receiving them as  inmates4    ,some of 
these are sent to the ,refuge by persons
 who are furnished with  printed forms  
of application1 or by mothers who can   
afford evident  testimony that they can 
scarcely live on the few shillings they 
are able  to earn by casual work as     
charwomen1 or by the no less casual     
employments where the wages are totally 
inadequate to support a family2  while a
 few lads have themselves applied for   
admission because they were  orphans1 or
 utterly destitute and abandoned by     
those on whom they might  be supposed to
 have a claim4    ,a portion of the old 
building1 which has been adapted to the 
purpose1  and has been added as the need
 for increased space became pressing1 is
  now devoted to the dormitories1       
play-room1 and school-room of some fifty

  to sixty of this contingent of the    
great army of friendless children2  and 
at the time of the last ,report fourteen
 had but just left to be  enlisted in   
military bands2 two had become military 
tailors2 situations  had been found for 
others2 while one had been regularly    
apprenticed to a  tailor in ,london4    
,there are frequently several boys ready
 for such apprenticeship1 for  tailoring
 is the only regular trade taught1 the  
time of the lads being  occupied in     
learning to read1 write1 and cipher1 to 
acquire the outlines  of history and    
geography1 and to take a place in the   
military band which  is at this moment  
making the cranky old building resound  
with its  performance on clarinets1     
hautboys1 cornets1 deep bassoons1 and   
all  kinds of wind instruments1 under   
the direction of an able bandmaster1    
who keeps the music up to the mark with 
a spirit which bespeaks  confidence in  
the intelligence of his pupils4    ,this
 confidence is not misplaced1 for during

 the past year eleven  youthful recruits
 have been drafted from among these boys
 into the bands  of various regiments1  
while there are above ninety            
applications still on  the books for    
more musicians who have chosen this     
branch of the military  service4 ,it is 
a matter of choice1 of course2 and there
 are some who  prefer to become sailors1
 or to go into situations and learn the 
trade  of tailoring1 that their         
instructors may be able to recommend    
them to  respectable masters as         
apprentices4    ,but let us walk through
 the kitchen1 and ascend the short      
zig-zag stairs  which lead us by a      
passage to the school-room1 where most  
of the boys  are at work with their     
slates4 ,very few of the little fellows 
are more  than thirteen years old1 and  
some of them have been but a short time 
at  school2 but even those who came here
 totally uninstructed have made         
admirable progress1 and some of the     
writing-books containing lessons  from  

dictation are well worth looking at for 
their clean and excellent  penmanship   
and fair spelling2 while in arithmetic  
the boys who have been  longest under   
tuition have advanced as far as         
practice4 ,there is  nothing superfluous
 in school-room1 work-room1 or          
play-room--indeed1 one  might almost say
 that they are unfurnished1 except for  
desks and forms  and plain deal tables4 
,the play-room is a lower portion of the
 old  slaughter-house1 with a high      
ceiling1 to a beam in which is fixed a  
pair  of ropes terminating in two large 
wooden rings by which the youthful      
gymnasts swing and perform all kinds of 
evolutions1 while a set of  parallel    
bars are among the few accessories4     
,it is evident that nothing is spent in 
mere ornament1 and that the  expenditure
 is carefully considered1 though        
recreation1 and healthy  recreation too1
 is a part of the daily duty1 which is  
regulated in a  fashion befitting the   
rather military associations of the     

place4 ,even  now1 as the cheery        
superintendent1 ,mr4 ,ramsden1 who was  
lately  quartermaster-sergeant of the   
#afth ,regiment1 calls ,attention6 every
  boy is quickly on his feet and ready  
to greet us2 and what is more1 the  boys
 seem to like this kind of discipline1  
for it is kind in its prompt  demand for
 obedience1 and the regularity and order
 includes a kind of  self-reliance1     
which is a very essential part of       
education for lads who  must necessarily
 be taught what they have to learn in a 
comparatively  short time1 and are then 
sent out where order and promptitude are
 of the  utmost service to them4        
,economy is studied1 but the            
recollection of the  cheery kitchen     
suggests that there is no griping hard  
endeavour to  curtail the rations       
necessary to support health and         
strength4 ,in fact1  the boys are       
sufficiently fed1 warmly clothed1 and   
are encouraged both  to work and play   
heartily4 ,breakfast consists of bread  

and coffee2  dinner of meat and         
vegetables three days in the week1 fish 
on one day  7,wednesday71 pudding on    
,monday1 soup on ,friday1 meat and      
cheese on  ,saturday2 tea or coffee with
 bread and dripping1 while on ,sundays  
butter  is an additional luxury both at 
breakfast and tea2 and on ,thursdays and
  ,sundays tea is substituted for coffee
 at the evening meal4 ,all the boys  are
 decently and warmly clothed1 and though
 only some of their number  take to     
music as a profession1 and choose to go 
into the military  bands1 they all      
receive instruction4 ,they are taught to
 keep their own  bunks and dormitories  
neat1 and1 in fact1 do their own        
household work2  while1 morning and     
afternoon1 personal trimness is promoted
 by the  military inspection which is   
part of the discipline4 ,there is half  
an  hour's play after breakfast1 another
 quarter of hour before dinner1         
three-quarters of an hour for washing   
and play after dinner1 a quarter  of an 

hour before tea1 and from an hour and a 
half to two hours for  boot-cleaning and
 play before bed-time1 besides out-door 
exercise daily1  except in wet weather1 
when drill and gymnastics take its      
place4 ,they  also go to ,primrose ,hill
 on ,tuesday and ,saturday afternoons1  
there to  run in the fresh air and      
disport themselves in cricket1 or such  
games as  they can find the toys for1 by
 the kindness of the committee or       
generous  visitors4 ,even with these    
recreations1 however1 they find time to 
go  through a very respectable amount of
 work in the fourteen hours between     
rising and bed-time2 and the letters    
received from lads who have left  the   
school are an evidence that they        
remember with pleasure and with         
gratitude the ,refuge that became a     
home1 and to which they attribute  their
 ability to take a place which would    
have been denied to them  without the   
aid which grew out of pity for their    
neglected childhood4    ,here is a short

 epistle from one of the juvenile band1 
at ,shorncliffe  ,camp1 written a year  
or two ago3--     ,i now take the       
pleasure of writing these few lines and 
,i hope all the   boys are all well1 and
 all in the school and please ,mr4      
,ramsden will   you send me the parcel  
up that ,i took into the school it was  
laying in   the bookcase in the         
school-room and ,i hope that all the    
boys are all   getting on with their    
instruments and the snips with their    
work and ,i   should like you to read it
 to the boys and ,i wish that you would 
let   ---- answer it and ,i am getting  
on with my instrument very well1 and ,i 
will be able to come and see you on     
,cristamas season4    ,this is a        
characteristic schoolboy letter1 which  
shows how much boys are  alike in all   
grades4 ,the following is another letter
 from ,shorncliffe3--     ,dear ,sir1   
,i received your kind and welcome letter
 along with mothers1 and ,i   wrote back
 to tell you we have all been enlisted  

and sworn in1 and we   expect to get our
 clothes next week and we all feel it   
our duty to   express our deeply felt   
gratitude to you ,mr4 ,dust and the     
,committee1   and we are all very happy 
at present please give our respects to  
,mrs4   ,ramsden ,sister ,zillah ,mr4   
,mc,derby ,mr4 ,mason ,mr4 ,goodwin     
,miss ,cheesman   and please remember us
 to all the boys4 ,leary is on sick     
furlough since   the #aeth of ,decr4 and
 has not returned yet and ,brenan1      
,lloyd ,graham   ,mc,carthy ,henderson  
and all the others are very jolly at    
present and   been out all the afternoon
 amongst the snow4 ,so ,i conclude with 
kind   thanks to one and all and believe
 me to be ,dear ,sir     ,your late     
pupil ----     ,band ---- ,regt4    ,the
 following will show how the memory of  
the old slaughter-house and  the school 
in ,newport ,market remains after the   
boys have left and have  entered on a   
career4 ,it is addressed from ,warley   
,barracks3--     ,dear ,sir     ,i now  

take the opportunity of writing to you  
hoping you and all the   rest of the    
school and the sister also4 ,it is a    
long time since ,i left   the school now
 and ,i dont suppose you would know me  
if ,i was to come   and see you ,i was  
apprenticed out off the school along of 
,j---- ,r----   to ,mr ,w---- in #ahfi  
,i think it was as a ,tailor4 ,i should 
like you to   write and tell me if you  
know what rigment ,j---- ,h---- belong  
to his   school number was #cd and mine 
was #ce me and him was great friends    
when   we were in the school and ,i     
should like to know very much were he   
is4   ,when ,i left the ,school ,mr4    
,l---- was ,supperintendant and ,i dont 
suppose   ,i should know you sir if ,i  
was to see you ,i shall try to come down
 and   see the ,school if ,i can on     
,christmas for ,i shall be on pass to   
,london   for seven days and ,i should  
like to know where ,j---- ,h---- is so  
as ,i   should be able to see him4 ,i   
have a few more words to say that is the

   school was the making of me and ,i am
 very thankful to the school for it   so
 with kind love to you all     ,i remain
 your humble servant1   ,band ----      
,regiment1   ,warley ,barracks1 ,essex4 
,j---- ,h---- number was #cd and mine   
was #ce4     ,excuse me addressing this 
,letter to you as ,i dont know anything 
about   you sir4    ,there is something 
pleasant indeed in letters like these2  
and ,i for one  am not surprised that   
the boys should go to their musical     
practice with  a will4    ,they are just
 preparing to play something for our    
especial delight now1  and so burst out1
 in a grand triumphant blast1 with ,let 
the ,hills  ,resound1 after which we    
will take our leave1 and1 we hope1 not  
without  melody in our hearts4 ,just one
 word as we go through this kitchen     
again4  ,two ,west ,end clubs supply the
 ,newport ,market ,refuge with the      
remnants of  their well-stocked larders4
 ,did it ever occur to you how many     
hungry  children and poor men and women 

could be fed on the actual waste that   
goes on in hotels1 clubs1 inns1         
dining-rooms1 and large and ordinary    
households every day8 ,m4 ,alexis ,soyer
 used to say that he could feed ten     
thousand people with the food that was  
wasted in ,london every day2 and ,i  am 
inclined to think he was not far wrong4 
,at all events1 an enormous  salvage of 
humanity might be effected if only the  
one meal daily which  might be made of  
refuse pieces of meat and bread1 bones1 
cuttings of  vegetables1 cold potatoes1 
and general pieces--was secured to the  
thousands to whom enough would often    
indeed be as good as a feast4  ,to      
people who know how much that is really 
good for food--not the  plate-scrapings 
and leavings1 but sound and useful      
reversions of meat  and bread and       
vegetables1 bones1 and unsightly corners
 of joints--is  either suffered to spoil
 or is thrown at once into the          
waste-tub1 both  in hotels and private  
houses1 the additional knowledge that   

there are  hungry children in every     
district in ,london to whom a bowl of   
nourishing  soup or a plate of minced   
meat and vegetables would be a boon1 may
  easily be a pain1 because of the      
inability to suggest how to organise    
the means of utilising what one is      
tempted to call undeserved plenty4      
,,feeding ,,the ,,multitude4      ,i    
suppose there are people still to be    
found who have but a vague notion  of   
what it is to be really hungry4 ,they   
may be conscious of possessing a  good  
appetite now and then1 and having the   
means of obtaining food1 and  to a      
certain extent of choosing what they    
will eat1 regard being rather  sharp set
 as a luxury which gives additional zest
 to a dinner1  enabling them to take off
 the edge of their craving with a plate 
of warm  soup1 and to consider what they
 would like to follow4    ,of course we 
most of us read in the papers of the    
distress of the poor  during the winter1
 of the number of children for whom     

appeals are made  that they may have a  
meal of meat and vegetables once or     
twice a week1  of the aggregate of      
casual paupers during a given period1   
and of cases  where death accelerated by
 want and exposure is the verdict of a  
coroner's jury2 but we do not very      
easily realise what it is to be         
famished2 have perhaps never experienced
 that stage beyond  hunger--beyond even 
the faintness and giddiness that makes  
us doubt  whether we could swallow      
anything solid1 and would cause us to   
turn  hopelessly from dry bread4 ,there 
is no need here to detail the           
sufferings that come of starvation4     
,they are dreadful enough2 but if our   
charity needs the stimulus of such      
descriptions we are in a bad way1 and   
are ourselves in danger of perishing for
 want of moral sustenance4    ,those who
 need assurance of the hunger of        
hundreds of their poor  neighbours need 
not go very far to obtain it4 ,a quarter
 of an hour at  the window of any common

 cook-shop in a low neighbourhood1 at   
about  seven o'clock in the evening1    
when the steam of unctuous puddings is  
blurring the glass1 and the odour of    
leg-of-beef soup and pease-pudding      
comes in gusts to the chilly street1    
should suffice4 ,there is pretty  sure  
to be a group of poor little eager-eyed 
pinch-nosed boys and girls  peering     
wistfully in to watch the fortunate     
possessor of two-pence who  comes out   
with something smoking hot on a         
cabbage-leaf1 and begins to  bite at it 
furtively before he crosses the         
threshold4    ,of course1 according to  
modern social political economy1 it     
would be  encouraging mendicity1 and    
sapping the foundations of an           
independent  character1 to distribute   
sixpenny pieces amongst the juvenile    
committee  of taste who are muttering   
what they would buy if only somebody    
could be  found to advance a copper4    
,but it is to be hoped or feared        
7which87  that a good many people yet   

live who would instinctively feel in    
their  pockets for a stray coin to      
expend on a warm greasy slab of baked or
  boiled1 or on half a dozen squares of 
that peculiarly dense pie-crust  which  
is sold in ha'porths4 ,this is a vulgar 
detail2 but somehow poverty  and hunger 
are vulgar1 and we should find it       
difficult to get away  from them if we  
tried ever so hard4 ,even ,school       
,boards1 peeping out upon  the children 
perishing for lack of knowledge1 find   
themselves in a  difficulty1 because    
there is no provision under the         
compulsory or any  other clause for the 
children who are also perishing for lack
 of food4  ,the ,board beadle does not  
at present go about with soup-tickets in
 his  pockets2 and for the poor         
shivering shoeless urchins who are      
mustered in  the big brick-built room   
where they assemble according to law    
there is  no free breakfast-class4      
,it must one day become a question how  
they are to learn till they are  filled4

 ,grown people find it hard enough to   
fix their attention on the  best advice 
or the most saving doctrine while they  
suffer involuntary  hunger4 ,the        
multitude must mostly be fed before they
 are taught4 ,even  disciples have had a
 revelation of the ,bread of ,life in   
the breaking of  bread that perishes4   
,do we still need a miracle to teach us 
that8    ,happily1 efforts are made to  
give meat to the hungry4 ,during the    
winter  weather food is distributed in  
various ways amidst some of those       
poverty-stricken neighbourhoods to which
 ,i am obliged to take you during  our  
excursions2 but the demand far exceeds  
the supply1 and people suffer  hunger at
 all seasons1 though most of all in the 
time of bleak winds and  searching cold4
    ,i want you to come to-day to a     
kitchen which is open all the year      
round--the only kitchen of the kind in  
,london which does not close its  doors 
even when the spring-tide brings buds of
 promise on the shrubs in  ,leicester   

,square1 and the ,london sparrow comes  
out from roofs and eaves1  and preens   
his dingy plumage in the summer sun1 as 
though ,great ,windmill  ,street had    
something in common with its name1 and  
sweet country odours  came from the     
region of the ,haymarket4    ,for1 you  
know1 we are still in the district of   
,soho4 ,i have but just now  brought you
 out of ,newport ,market1 and now we are
 in a very curious part  of this vast   
strange city4 ,the streets are dim and  
dingy1 but not so  squalid as you might 
have imagined4 ,they are still and      
silent1 too1 as  of a neighbourhood that
 has seen better days1 and even in its  
poverty  has a sense of gentility which 
is neither boisterous nor obtrusive4    
,you will remember that ,i referred to  
this neighbourhood of ,soho when ,i     
spoke of those old ,french refugees who 
came and made industrial colonies  in   
,london after the revocation of the     
,edict of ,nantes4 ,this is the only    
really foreign quarter of ,london which 

has lasted until to-day2 but that  is to
 be accounted for by the fact that it   
became representative of no  particular 
industry1 and that1 probably from the   
fact of many of the  patrons of         
literature and art having then town     
houses about ,leicester  and ,soho      
,squares1 the more artistic refugees    
took up their abode in the  adjacent    
streets4    ,from the time when ,william
 ,hogarth painted his picture of the    
,calais  ,gate till only a short time   
ago1 when refugees fled from besieged   
,paris  to find some poor and wretched  
lodging in the purlieus of ,cranbourne  
,street1 where they might live in peace 
and hear their native tongue1  this has 
been the resort of poor foreigners in   
,london4 ,it almost reminds  one of some
 of the smaller streets of a continental
 city2 and as we look  at the queer     
shabby restaurants1 and the shops with  
strange names  painted above them in    
long yellow letters1 we almost expect to
 find the  pavement change to           

cobble-stones1 and to see some queer    
wooden sign  dangle overhead1 so like is
 the place to the small bourgeois       
quarter  that in our earlier days lay   
behind the ,madeleine and the ,porte    
,st4  ,denis4    ,for here is an actual 
crmerie--a queer compound of cook-shop  
and  milkseller's--with a couple of     
bright dairy cans outside the door1 and 
a  long loaf or two amidst the cups and 
plates and sausages in the dingy        
window4 ,over the way you see           
,blanchisseuse in large letters2 and    
next door is a laiterie1 which differs  
from a crmerie as a caf  alone differs  
from a caf restaurant with its commerce 
de vins  painted in big capitals in     
front of a long row of sour-looking     
bottles  and a green calico curtain4 ,it
 is a quaint jumble1 all the way to     
,dean  ,street1 and till we reach the   
edge of the ,haymarket--a jumble of     
,brown  and ,lebrun1 of ,jones and      
,jean1 of ,robin 7fils7 and ,robinson2  
but for  all the little musty-smelling  

cafs1 the blank bare-windowed           
restaurants1 the crmeries1 and the      
boulangeries1 there is nothing  of a    
well fed look about the district1       
especially just at this corner1  leading
 as it seems to a stable-yard or the    
entrance to a range of  packers'        
warehouses4 ,there is one open front    
here--is it a farrier's or  a           
blacksmith's shop8--where they appear to
 be doing a stroke of  business1        
however1 for there is a clinking1 and a 
fire1 and a steam2 but  the steam has a 
fragrant odour of vegetables--of celery 
and turnips1 of  haricots and gravy--the
 clink is that of basins and spoons     
getting  ready1 and the fire is that of 
the boiler which simmers two mighty     
cauldrons4    ,step to the front1 and   
you will see in big white letters right 
across  the house1 ,mont ,st4 ,bernard  
,hospice4 ,you may well rub your eyes1  
for  you are in the heart of ,london1   
and stand in ,ham ,yard1 ,leicester     
,square1  before the soup-kitchen that  

is open all the year4    ,there is      
something very appetising in the steam  
that arises from both  these huge       
cauldrons1 one of which is the          
stock-pot1 containing bones1  remnants  
of joints 7not plate-clearings71 and    
reversions of cold meat1  c41 from two  
,west ,end clubs4 ,to this are added    
vegetables--celery1  haricot beans1 or  
barley--making it a fresh palatable     
stock1 not  remarkable for meatiness1   
but still excellent in flavour1 as you  
may  find for yourself if you join me in
 a luncheon here4 ,but the real         
strengthening gravy has yet to be added1
 and the cauldron on the left  hand is  
full of it--real1 genuine gravy soup1   
made from raw meat and  bones purchased 
for this purpose4 ,as soon as this has  
simmered till it  is thoroughly ready1  
the contents of the two cauldrons are   
mixed1 and  the result is a delicious   
stew1 which is ready to be turned out   
into  these yellow pint basins1 for the 
hungry applicants1 who will sit down  at

 one of these two deal tables1 each of  
which has its rough clean form1  or to  
be dispensed to those who bring jugs1   
bowls1 cans1 saucepans1  kettles1       
pipkins--any and almost every receptacle
 in which they can  carry it steaming   
away to their families4    ,let us stand
 here and see them come in4 ,here is a  
poor famishing fellow1  who looks with  
eager eyes at the savoury mess4 ,he has 
evidently seen  better days4 ,there is  
an unmistakable air of education about  
him1 and as  he sits down with his basin
 and spoon1 and the handful of broken   
bread1  which is added to the soup from 
one of a series of clean sacks emptied  
for the purpose1 the superintendent1    
,mr4 ,stevens1 scans him with a quick   
eye1 and will probably speak to him     
before he leaves4 ,there is a           
foreigner--an ,italian1 by the look of  
his oval olive face--who takes his      
place very quietly1 and as quietly      
begins to eat2 and yonder a             
famished-looking1 rough fellow1 who has 

already devoured the basinful  with his 
eyes1 and is evidently in sore need4    
,men1 women1 and children1  or1 at all  
events1 boys and girls1 come and present
 their tickets1 and  receive this       
immediate relief1 against which surely  
not the most  rigorous opponent to      
mendicancy can protest4 ,the cadger and 
the  professional beggar do not go to   
the soup-kitchen where nothing is       
charged1 for they do not need food1 and 
will only see a ticket where it  is     
likely to be accompanied by the penny   
which will buy a quart4 ,be sure  that  
there are few cases here which are not  
so necessitous that they are  not far   
from starvation2 and many of them       
represent actually desperate  want4     
,the tickets for obtaining this prompt  
relief--often only just in time to  save
 some poor creature from utter          
destitution and crime1 and as often     
administered when a family is without   
food1 and yet clings to the hope  of    
finding work to prevent that separation 

which they must submit to by  becoming  
paupers--are placed in the hands of     
clergymen1 doctors1  district visitors1 
,bible-women1 and those who know the    
poor1 and can  feel for them when in    
hard times they pawn furniture1 tools1  
and  clothes1 and suffer the extremity  
of want1 before they will apply for     
parochial relief1 and have offered to   
them the alternative of going  into the 
house4    ,the annals of the poor1 from 
which extracts occasionally appear in   
the  newspapers in the accounts of      
coroners' inquests1 prove to what       
dreadful  sufferings many decent but    
destitute people will submit rather than
  become recognised paupers2 and no     
system of charitable relief outside  the
 workhouse walls will be effectual or   
useful which does not recognise  and    
respect this feeling4 ,who would let the
 possible accident of some  unworthy    
person getting a gratuitous pint of soup
 stand in the way of a  work such as we 
see going on here1 where one year's     

beneficent action  includes above ten   
thousand persons relieved8--a large     
number of whom  are temporarily taken   
into the ,hospice1 as we shall see      
presently1 while  a great contingent is 
represented by the family tickets1 which
 enable  poor working men and women from
 various districts in ,london to carry  
away a gallon of strong nourishing soup1
 and an apronful of bread to  their     
hungry little ones4 ,you see that great 
heap of pieces of fine  bread--slices1  
hunches1 remnants of big loaves1 dry    
toast1 ,french bread1  brown bread1 and 
rolls--all placed in a clean wooden bin1
 they also come  from the two great     
,west ,end clubs before mentioned1 and  
are so  appreciated by the applicants   
for relief 7they being usually good     
judges  of quality7 that you may note a 
look of disappointment if the stock of  
club bread has been exhausted1 and a    
portion of one of the common loaves     
bought for the purpose is substituted4  
,the small broken bread in those  clean 

sacks is club bread also--the crumbs    
from rich men's tables1 but  clean1 and 
thoroughly good1 fit for immediate      
addition to the soup1  which a hungry   
company of diners consume in a painfully
 short space of  time4    ,they are not 
inhabitants of this district1 either2   
comparatively few  come from the        
immediate neighbourhood1 though1 of     
course1 some poor  families of the      
adjacent streets and alleys1 and        
occasionally foreign  workmen--many of  
them adepts in artistic employments1 who
 are in the  land of the stranger and in
 want--come here and have not only the  
help  of a meal1 but the kind inquiry1  
the further aid that will sustain hope1 
and enable them to look for work1 and   
find the means of living4  ,londoners   
from ,kentish ,town1 ,lambeth1          
,shoreditch1 and ,chelsea--poor  hungry 
men and women from all parts of the     
great city--find their way  here to     
obtain a dinner2 and it is extremely    
unlikely that they would  leave even the

 least profitable employment and walk so
 far for the sake  of a basin of soup4  
,food alone is offered1 not money1 and  
there is  little probability of         
imposition when there is so little to be
 gained by  the attempt4 ,but while the 
great cauldrons are being emptied1 let  
us  hear what they do at this ,mont ,st4
 ,bernard ,hospice at the ,christmas    
season4    ,here is a list of good      
things that were sent at ,christmas-tide
 for a  special purpose3--,a noble earl 
sent a sheep1 if not more than one1 and 
other generous givers in kind--many of  
them manufacturers of or dealers  in the
 articles they contributed--forwarded   
loaves1 biscuits1 hams1  rice1 flour1   
currants1 raisins1 ale1 porter1 cocoa1  
peas1 and other  comfortable meats and  
drinks1 so that there was a glorious    
distribution  to the poor on ,christmas 
,eve1 when #icf families were provided  
with a  ,christmas dinner1 consisting of
 #d lbs4 of beef1 #c lbs4 of pudding1   
bread1 tea1 and sugar1 together with    

such other seasonable and most          
acceptable gifts as were apportioned to 
them in accordance with the  number of  
their children and the quantity of      
miscellaneous eatables and  drinkables  
available for the purpose4    ,but we   
have not quite done with it yet1 for it 
is a hospice in fact1 as  well as in    
name4 ,just as in the ,newport ,market  
,refuge1 the houseless and  destitute   
are received with little question--the  
homeless and friendless  are here taken 
in after little inquiry1 even the       
subscriber's ticket for  admission being
 occasionally dispensed with1 when ,mr4 
,stevens1 the  superintendent1 sees an  
obviously worthy case among the         
applicants who  come to ask for a meal4 
,it must be remembered1 however1 that an
  experienced eye can detect the casual 
very readily1 and that ,mr4  ,stevens1  
who served with his friend ,mr4         
,ramsden1 of ,newport ,market1 when     
they were both in the army1 is as smart 
a detective as that shrewd and          

compassionate officer4 ,it is so much   
the better for those who are really     
deserving--so much the better even for  
those who1 being ashamed to dig1  are   
not ashamed to beg--the ne'er-do-weels  
who1 even in the degradation  of poverty
 brought about by idleness and          
dissipation1 come down to  solicit food 
and shelter1 and find both1 together    
with ready help1 if  they will mend     
their ways4 ,there are some such1 but   
not many3 more often  a man of          
education1 broken by misfortune1 and    
perhaps by the loss of a  situation     
through failure or accident beyond his  
control1 finds himself  starving and    
desolate4 ,such men have come here1 and 
found1 first1 food1  then a lavatory1   
then a bed in a good-sized room1 where  
only seven or  eight persons are        
received to sleep1 then a confidential  
talk1 advice1  the introduction to      
people willing and able to help them    
among the  committee and subscribers of 
the ,institution4    ,it may be a       

,french tutor destitute in ,london1 but 
with his character and  ability beyond  
doubt2 it may be1 it has been1 a young  
foreign artist2  a skilled labourer from
 the country1 who has come to ,london to
 find work  and finds want instead2 a   
poor school-teacher who1 having lost an 
appointment1 and being unable to work at
 any other calling1 is in  despair1 and 
knows not where to turn2 an honest      
fellow1 ready and  willing to turn his  
hand to anything1 but finding nothing to
 which he  can turn his hand without an 
introduction4 ,such are the cases which 
are  received at this hospice in ,ham   
,yard1 where they are permitted to      
remain  for a day or two1 or even for a 
week or two1 till they find work1 or    
till somebody can make inquiries about  
them and help them to what they  seek4  
,about seven men and eight women can be 
received within the walls1 but  there   
are seldom the full number there1       
because it is necessary to  discriminate
 carefully4 ,the object is to relieve   

immediate and painful  distress1 and to 
give that timely aid which averts       
starvation by the  gift of food1 and    
prevents the degradation of pauperism by
 means of  advice1 assistance1 and just 
so much support as will give the        
stricken  and friendless men or women   
time to recover from the first stupor of
  hopelessness or the dread of          
perishing1 and at the same time afford  
the  opportunity of proving that they   
are ready and willing to begin anew1    
with the consciousness that they have   
not been left desolate4                 
,,giving ,,rest ,,to ,,the ,,weary4     
,we have not yet done with this         
wonderful district of ,soho4 ,it is one 
of  those attractive quarters of        
,london1 which is interesting alike for 
its  historical associations and for    
memorable houses that were once         
inhabited by famous men4 ,in essays1    
letters1 fiction--all through that      
period which has been called the        
,augustan age of ,english literature--we

  find allusions to it2 and after that  
time it continued to be the  favourite  
resort of artists1 men of letters1      
wealthy merchants1 and not  a few       
statesmen and eminent politicians4 ,in  
,leicester ,square1 ,hogarth  laughed1  
moralised1 and painted4 ,the house of   
,sir ,joshua ,reynolds stands  yet in   
that now renovated space1 and a         
well-known artist has a studio  there   
to-day4 ,but the tide of fashion has    
receded since powdered wigs  and sedan  
chairs disappeared4 ,the tall stately   
houses are many of them  dismantled1 or 
are converted into manufactories and    
workshops4 ,the great  iron             
extinguishers which still adorn the iron
 railings by the doorsteps  have nearly 
rusted away4 ,it must be a century since
 the flambeaux  carried by running      
footmen were last thrust into them1 when
 great  rumbling1 creaking coaches drew 
up and landed visitors before the       
dimly-lighted portals4 ,silence and     
decay are the characteristics of many  a

 once goodly mansion2 and the houses    
themselves are not unfrequently         
associated with the relief of that      
poverty which is everywhere so  apparent
 as to appeal to almost every form of   
charity4 ,before one such  house we are 
standing now1 its quietly opening door  
revealing a broad  lofty hall1 from     
which a great staircase1 with heavy     
baluster of black  oak and panelled     
walls leads to the spacious rooms above4
 ,this mansion  is historical1 too1 in  
its way1 for we are at the corner of    
,soho ,square1  in ,greek ,street1 and  
are about to enter what was once the    
,london  residence of the famous        
,alderman ,beckford1 and his equally    
famous  son--the man who inherited the  
mysterious and gorgeously furnished     
palace at ,fonthill1 the author of      
,vathek1 the half-recluse who bought    
,gibbon's extensive library at          
,lausanne1 that he might have something 
to  amuse him when he went that way1 and
 afterwards went that way1 read  himself

 nearly blind1 and then made a friend a 
present of all the books1  sold         
,fonthill1 went abroad1 and set about   
building another mysterious  castle in a
 strange land4    ,in that big          
committee-room on the first floor1 which
 we shall visit  presently1 there was to
 be seen1 four or five years ago1 a     
stupendous  chimney-piece of oak1       
elaborately carved1 and said to have    
been a  masterpiece of ,grinling        
,gibbons4 ,it was taken down and sold   
for a  handsome sum of money1 to augment
 the funds of the ,institution which now
  occupies the old mansion1 for the door
 at which we enter receives other       
guests than those who once thronged     
it--suffering1 depressed1               
poverty-stricken1 weary men and women1  
who come here to seek the rest  that is 
offered to them in the quiet rooms--the 
restoration of meat and  drink and      
refreshing sleep1 the comfort of hopeful
 words and friendly  aid4 ,it is named  
,the ,house of ,charity1 and the work   

that its  supporters have set themselves
 to do is carried on so silently--,i had
  almost said so secretly--that the     
stillness you observe within the        
building1 as we stand here waiting for  
the lady who superintends the           
household1 is suggestive alike of the   
repose which is essential to the  place1
 and of a severe earnestness not very   
easy to define4    ,members of the same 
committee1 whose earnest hearty work is 
apparent at  ,newport ,market and at the
 ,soup ,kitchen in ,ham ,yard1 are      
helping this  ,house of ,charity1 which 
has the ,archbishop of ,canterbury for  
its patron  and the ,bishop of ,london  
for its visitor4    ,here1 in the two   
large sitting-rooms opening from the    
hall1 we may see  part of what is being 
done1 in giving rest to the weary and   
upholding  them who are ready to faint4 
,one is for men1 the other for women1   
who  have been received as inmates1 for 
periods extending from a fortnight to  a
 longer time1 according to the          

necessities of each case1 and the       
probability of obtaining suitable       
employment4 ,of course the aid is       
intended to be only temporary--though in
 some peculiar cases it is  continued   
till the applicant recovers from        
weakness following either  uninfectious 
illness or want4 ,there can be1 of      
course1 no actual  sick-nursing here2   
but in a warm and comfortable upper     
room1 near the  dormitory1 which we     
shall see presently--a room which is the
 day-nursery  of a few children who are 
also admitted--,i have seen young women1
 one  who was suffering from a          
consumptive cough1 another an           
out-patient at an  hospital for disease 
of the hip1 and wearing an instrument   
till she  could be admitted as a regular
 case4 ,they were both sitting cosily at
  their tea1 and were employed at       
needlework1 as most of the women are who
  find here a temporary home4 ,for it is
 one of the beneficent results of  an   
influential committee1 that a number of 

cases are sent to hospitals  or to      
convalescent homes1 and so are restored2
 but till this can be done  they are fed
 and tended--fed with food more delicate
 than that of the  ordinary meal--and   
are allowed to rest in peace and to     
regain strength4    ,but we are still in
 the men's sitting-room1 where several  
poor fellows  are looking at the lists  
of advertisements in the newspapers for 
some  announcement of a vacant          
situation4 ,a supply of books is also   
provided  both for men and women1 and   
the latter are just now engaged in      
mending  or making their clothes4       
,between thirty and forty inmates can be
 received at one time1 and those  who   
are in search of employment1 or who     
require to go out during the  day1 may  
leave the house after breakfast1 and    
return either to dinner or  to tea4     
,there are1 indeed1 few restrictions    
when once preliminary  inquiries and the
 recommendation of a member of the      
committee result in  the admission of an

 applicant2 and it is easy to see how   
deeply and  thankfully many of these    
poor depressed men and women1 beaten in 
the  battle of life1 with little hope of
 regaining a foothold1 weak1            
dispirited1 destitute1 and with no      
strength left to struggle under the     
burden that weighs them down1 find help 
and healing1 food and sleep1  advice1   
and very often a recommendation which   
places them once more in a  position of 
comfort and independence4 ,a large      
proportion of those who  are admitted   
are provided with situations either     
permanently or for a  period long enough
 to enable them to turn round the       
difficult corner  from poverty and      
dependence to useful and appropriate    
employment4 ,some  are sent to ,homes1  
hospitals1 or orphanages1 and many      
return to their  own homes4 ,from those 
homes they have wandered1 hoping to find
 the world  easier than it has proved to
 be1 and in going back to them they have
  fallen by the wayside4    ,there are  

sometimes remarkable varieties          
here--emigrants waiting for  ships to   
sail that will bear them to another     
land2 men of education1  such as tutors1
 engineers1 engravers1 and professional 
men1 who have  been unsuccessful1 or    
have lost their position1 often through 
no  immediate fault of their own4 ,of   
course1 the large class of genteel      
poverty is largely represented in the   
five or six hundred cases which  make   
the average number of yearly inmates4   
,clerks1 shopmen1 and  travellers are   
about as numerous as servants1 porters1 
and pages4 ,poor  women1 many of whom   
are ladies by birth or previous position
 and  education1 find the ,house of     
,charity a refuge indeed1 and feel that 
the  person who has charge of the       
household arrangements1 as well as those
  who have charge of the inmates1 the   
accounts and correspondence1 may be     
appealed to with an assurance of true   
sympathy4 ,here1 beside the two         
sitting-rooms1 is a large room which we 

will call the refectory2 it is  plainly 
furnished1 with separate tables for men 
and women1 and the  quantity and        
description of the food supplied is such
 as would be  provided in a respectable 
and well-ordered family--tea or coffee  
and  plenty of good bread-and-butter    
morning and evening1 meat1 bread and    
vegetables1 for dinner1 and a supper of 
bread and cheese4 ,there are no         
rations1 nor any special limit as to    
quantity1 and if one could forget  the  
distress which brings them hither1 the  
family might be regarded as  belonging  
to some comfortable business            
establishment1 with good plain  meals   
and club-room on each side the          
dining-hall for meeting in after        
working hours4    ,let us go upstairs1  
and look at the dormitories1 which      
occupy  respectively the right and left 
side of the building1 and we shall see  
that they are so arranged as to secure  
that privacy1 the want of which  would  
be most repulsive to persons of superior

 condition4 ,each long and  lofty room  
is divided into a series of enclosures  
or cabins by  substantial partitions    
about eight feet high1 and in each of   
these  separate rooms--all of which are 
lighted by several windows or by        
gas-branches in the main                
apartment--there is a neat comfortable  
bed and  bedstead1 with space for a box1
 a seat1 and a small table or shelf4    
,a resident chaplain or warden conducts 
morning and evening prayer in the       
chapel1 which is built on part of the   
open area at the back of the  building2 
and ,i would have you consider1 not only
 that to many of these  weary souls this
 sacred spot may come to be associated  
with that outcome  to renewed life for  
which their presence in the ,institution
 gives them  reason to hope1 but that it
 is most desirable for the invalids1 who
  frequently form so large a portion of 
the congregation1 to be able to  attend 
worship without practically leaving the 
house4    ,not only because of the sick 

and the physically feeble1 however1 does
  the ,house of ,charity represent a    
work that needs vast extension4    ,the 
case-book would reveal a series of      
stories none the less affecting  because
 they are entered plainly1 briefly1 and 
without waste of words4  ,they need few 
touches of art to make them painfully   
interesting4 ,they  tell of ladies1     
wives of professional men1 brought to   
widowhood and  sudden poverty2 of men of
 education cast adrift through failure  
or false  friendship1 and not knowing   
where to seek bread2 of children left   
destitute or deserted under peculiar    
circumstances2 of women removed  from   
persecution1 and girls from the tainted 
atmosphere of vice2 of  weary wanderers 
who1 in despair of finding such a       
shelter1 and dreading  the common       
lodging-house1 have spent nights in the 
parks2 of foreigners  stranded on the   
shore of a strange city2 of ministers of
 the gospel  brought low2 of friendless 
servant-girls1 ill-treated1 defrauded of

  their wages1 or discharged almost     
penniless1 and cast loose amidst the    
whirlpool of ,london streets4    ,but1  
as ,i have already intimated1 it is not 
alone for its temporary aid  in         
affording a home that the ,house of     
,charity is distinguished2 it  affords a
 good hope also1 by seeking to obtain   
situations1 for cases  where peculiar   
circumstances make such a search        
difficult--for bereaved  and            
impoverished ladies1 and for educated   
men1 as well as for domestic  servants  
and ordinary employs4 ,its supporters   
give their special aid to  the work1    
and1 as they number amongst them many   
ladies and gentlemen of  considerable   
social influence1 employment is         
frequently found for those  whose       
misfortunes would otherwise be almost   
irretrievable4          ,,with ,,the    
,,poor ,,and ,,needy4      ,all hope    
abandon1 ye who enter here1 would1 as we
 might fancy1 be an  appropriate        
inscription for many a wretched court   

and alley in the  greatest and most     
opulent city in the world--a city       
distinguished for  its claims to be     
regarded as the centre of civilisation2 
as the exemplar  of benevolence1 and of 
active ,christianity4 ,it is one of the 
marvellous  results of the vast extent  
of this metropolis of ,england that     
there are  whole districts of foul      
dwellings crowded with a                
poverty-stricken  population1 which yet 
are almost ignored1 so far as public    
recognition  of their existence is      
concerned4 ,legislation itself does not 
reach them1  in the sense of compelling 
the strict observance of ,acts of       
,parliament  framed and presumably      
enforced for the purpose of maintaining 
sanitary  conditions2 philanthropy      
almost stands appalled at the difficulty
 of  dealing with a chronic necessity so
 widely spread1 a misery and  ignorance 
so deep and apparently impregnable2     
sentimentalism sighs and  turns away    
with a shiver1 or is touched to the     

extent of relieving its  overcharged    
susceptibilities by the comfortable     
expedient of the  smallest subscription 
to some association in the              
neighbourhood4 ,true1  active1 practical
 religion alone1 of all the agencies    
that have operated  in these places1    
gains ground inch by inch1 and at last  
exercises a  definite and beneficial    
influence1 by taking hold of the hearts 
and  consciences of the people          
themselves1 and working from within the 
area  of vice and misery1 till the law  
of love1 beginning to operate where the 
law of force had no influence1 a change1
 gradual but sure1 here a little  and   
there a little1 is effected4    ,we are 
continually hearing of the dwellings of 
the poor2 and can  scarcely take up a   
newspaper without noting the phrase1 one
 of the  worst neighbourhoods in        
,london1 connected with some report of  
crime1  outrage1 or suffering2 yet how  
few of us are really familiar with the  
actual abodes of the more degraded and  

miserable of our fellow-citizens6  how  
quickly1 how gladly1 we dismiss from our
 memory the account of an  inquest where
 the evidence of the cause of death of  
some unfortunate  man1 woman1 or child1 
without a natural share of light1 air1  
food1 and  water1 reveals hideous       
details of want and wretchedness1 which 
we might  witness only a few streets    
off1 and yet are unconscious of their   
nearness to us in mere physical yards   
and furlongs1 because they are so  far  
from us spiritually1 in our lack of     
sympathy and compassion4    ,even at the
 time that these lines are being written
 ,i have before me a  report of an      
examination by the coroner into the     
circumstances attending  the death of a 
woman seventy years of age1 who obtained
 a miserable and  precarious living by  
stay-making1 and who was found dead in  
the back  kitchen of a house4 ,her death
 was alleged to have been brought about 
by  the unhealthiness of the house in   
which she lived1 although the landlord  

was a medical officer of health for one 
of the metropolitan districts4    ,in   
this case the alleged landlord1 who was 
actually a medical officer of  health1  
answered the charge made against him by 
the statement that he  had only just    
come into possession of the property1   
and had at once set  about putting it in
 repair4 ,it is to be hoped that this   
was the case1  and1 indeed1 the evidence
 of the sanitary inspector went to show 
that it  was so2 but the question       
remains3 ,how is it that dwellings are  
permitted  to be thus overcrowded1 and  
to become actual centres of pestilence  
in  the midst of entire neighbourhoods1 
where1 for one foul tenement to have  an
 infamous reputation amidst such general
 filth and dilapidation1 it  must indeed
 be1 as one member of the jury said this
 place was1 so bad1  that no gentleman  
would keep his dog there8    ,keep his  
dog indeed6 ,why ,i know whole rows and 
congeries of intersecting  courts and   
alleys where a country squire would no  

more think of  kennelling his hounds    
than he would dream of stabling his     
horses6 ,there  has during the past few 
years been a tolerably determined stand 
made  against the introduction of       
pigsties into the back-yards of some of 
the  hovels about ,mile ,end and        
,bethnal ,green2 and though cow-sheds   
are not  altogether abolished everywhere
 in close and overbuilt localities1     
there  are some precautions taken to    
diminish the sale of infected milk by an
  inspection of the laystalls1 and the  
enforcement of lime-whiting and         
ventilation in the sheds4               
,costermongers' donkeys are the only    
animals  besides dogs and cats which are
 commonly to be found in ,london slums  
now1 and as these can be stowed in any  
shanty just outside the back  door1 or  
can be littered down in a spare corner  
of a cellar1 they  remain1 in           
costermongering districts1 without much 
opposition on the  part of the local    
authorities4 ,for1 after all1 what can  

these  authorities do8 ,under the #ceth 
section of the ,sanitary ,act1 power was
  given to them to register all houses  
let out by non-resident landlords1  who 
were under a penalty of forty shillings 
for not keeping their houses  in repair1
 well supplied with water1 drainage     
clear1 c4 ,to those who  have an        
intimate acquaintance with the density  
of population in whole  acreages of     
,london slums1 there is something almost
 ludicrous in these  words1 especially  
when they are read in the light of the  
fact that the  landlords of such places 
are frequently parochial magnates or    
officials  who know how to make things  
pleasant with subordinate sanitary      
inspectors4    ,what may be the ultimate
 result of an ,act of ,parliament for   
improving  the dwellings of the poor it 
is not at present easy to say2 but      
assuredly any plan which commences by a 
general and imperfectly  discriminative 
destruction of existing houses1 hovels  
though they may  be1 will only have the 

effect of crowding more closely the     
already  ftid and swarming tenements    
where1 for half-a crown a week1 eight or
  ten people eat1 live1 and sleep in a  
single apartment4 ,it was only the      
other day1 in a district of which ,i    
shall presently speak more  definitely1 
that a mission woman was called in to   
the aid of a family1  consisting of a   
man1 his wife1 his wife's brother--who  
was there as a  lodger--and five or six 
children1 all of whom occupied one room1
 where  the poor woman had just given   
birth to an infant4 ,the place was      
almost  destitute of furniture2 beds of 
straw and shavings1 coverlets of old    
coats and such ragged clothing as could 
be spared2 little fire and  little food4
 ,such destitution demanded that the    
maternity box1 or a                     
suddenly-extemporised bag of            
baby-clothing and blankets1 should be   
fetched at once2 and though the mission 
there is a poor one1 with  terrible     
needs to mitigate1 a constant demand for

 personal work and  noble               
self-sacrifice1 such cases are every-day
 events1 such demands  always to be     
answered by some kind of helpful        
sympathy1 even though the  amount of    
relief afforded is necessarily small and
 temporary in  character4    ,not in one
 quarter of ,london alone1 but dotted   
here and there throughout  its          
vastly-extending length and             
breadth--from ,st4 ,pancras1 and further
  away northward1 to ,bethnal ,green and
 all that great series of               
poverty-stricken townships and colonies 
of casual labour1 on the east2  from the
 terrible purlieux of ,southwark1 the   
districts where long rows  of silent    
houses1 in interminable streets1 chill  
the unaccustomed  wayfarer with vague   
apprehensions1 where ,little ,hell and  
the knots and  tangles of that          
,thief-,london which has found a        
deplorable ,alsatia in  the purlieux of 
the ,borough and of ,bermondsey2 and so 
round the  metropolitan circle1 westward

 to the neighbourhood of aristocratic   
mansions and quiet suburban retreats1   
where the garotter skulks and the       
burglar finds refuge2 further towards   
the centre of the town1 in              
,westminster1 not a stone's-throw from  
the great legislative assembly1  which1 
while it debates in ,st4 ,stephen's on  
sanitation and the  improvement of      
dwellings1 scarcely remembers all that  
may be seen in ,st4  ,peter's1 about    
,pye ,street1 and remembers ,seven      
,dials and ,st ,giles's only  as        
traditional places1 where modern        
improvements have made a clean  sweep1  
just as the ,holborn ,viaduct and the   
metropolitan ,railway swept  away ,field
 ,lane1 and the new meat market at      
,smithfield put an end for  ever to the 
horrible selvage of ,cloth ,fair--and   
only left the legends of  ,jonathan     
,wild's rookery and the blood-bowl      
house4    ,but the very mention of these
 places brings the reflection that not  
in  outlying districts1 but in the very 

heart of ,london1 in the core of the    
great city itself1 the canker of misery1
 poverty1 and vice is festering  still4 
,what is the use of eviction1 when the  
law punishes houselessness1  and the    
,poor ,law cannot meet any sudden       
demand1 nor maintain any  continuous    
claim on the part of the houseless8     
,summarily to thrust a  score or so of  
wretched families into the streets is to
 make them either  criminals or paupers4
 ,they must find some place of shelter2 
and if they  are to live by their       
labour1 they must live near their       
labour1 the  wages of which are1 at     
best1 only just sufficient to procure   
for them  necessary food and covering   
for their bodies4    ,in the            
neighbourhood to which ,i have already  
referred1 four thousand  evictions have 
taken place1 or1 at any rate1 the       
population has  diminished from #bb1jjj 
to #ah1jjj1 because of a small section  
of a large  puzzle map of courts and    
alleys having been taken down in order  

to build  great blocks of warehouses4   
,the consequence is1 that in the        
remaining  tangle of slums the people   
herd closer1 and that a large number of 
poor  lodgers have gone to crowd other  
tenements not far distant1 and which    
were already peopled beyond legal       
measure4    ,for this acreage of vice   
and wretchedness of which ,i speak is   
close to  the great city                
thoroughfares--almost within sound of   
,bow ,bells4 ,it is  about a quarter of 
a mile in extent each way1 lying between
 the  ,charterhouse and ,st4 ,luke's1   
close to the new meat market at         
,smithfield  on one side1 and ,finsbury 
,square on the other4 ,one entrance to  
it is  directly through ,golden ,lane1  
,barbican2 the other close to ,bunhill  
,fields burial ground1 along a passage  
which bears the significant name  of    
,chequer ,alley4 ,it is a maze of       
intersecting and interlocking  courts1  
streets1 and alleys1 some of them       
without any thoroughfare1 some  reached 

by ascending or descending steps1 many  
of them mere tanks1 the  walls of which 
are represented by hovels inhabited by  
costermongers1  ,french-polishers1      
dock-labourers1 chair-makers1 workers at
 all kinds of  underpaid labour and poor
 handicrafts4 ,many of the women go out 
to work  at factories1 or at charing1   
and the children are--or at least       
were--left to the evil influences of the
 streets1 till another and a  more      
powerful influence began to operate1    
slowly1 but with the impetus  of faith  
and love1 to touch even this neglected  
and miserable quarter of  ,london with  
the light that lighteth every man4      
,in this square quarter of a            
mile--which1 starting from the edge of  
,aldersgate1 stretches to the further   
main thoroughfare abutting on the       
pleasant border of the ,city ,road1 and 
includes the northern end of            
,whitecross ,street--there are eighty   
public-houses and beer-shops6    ,i tell
 you this much1 as we stand here at the 

entrance of ,golden ,lane1  but ,i have 
no intention just now to take you on a  
casual visit either to  the dens of     
wretchedness and infamy1 or to the homes
 where poverty  abides4 ,i must try to  
let you see what has been done1 and is  
still  doing1 to bring to both that     
,gospel which is alone efficient to     
change  the conditions1 by changing the 
hearts and motives of men4 ,i may well  
avoid any description of the places     
which lie on either hand1 for1 in  fact1
 there is nothing picturesque in such   
misery1 nothing specially  sensational  
in such crime4 ,it is all of a sordid   
miserable sort2 all on  a dreary        
dead-level of wretchedness and poverty1 
full of poor shifts and  expedients1 or 
of mean brutality and indifference4     
,there is no  show-place to which you   
could be taken1 as it is said curious   
gentlemen  were at one time conducted to
 the dens of the mendicants1 thieves1   
and  highwaymen of old ,london4 ,even in
 the tramps' kitchen the orgies1 if     

there are any1 are of so low a kind that
 they would be depressing in  their     
monotonous degradation4    ,let us go   
farther1 and enter this strange         
wilderness by its fitting  passage of   
,chequer ,alley1 so that we may1 as it  
were1 see the beginning  of the work    
that has been going on with more or less
 power for more than  thirty years4     
,i think ,i have some acquaintance with 
what are the worst neighbourhoods  of   
,london4 ,i have made many a journey    
down ,east2 have studied some of  the   
strange varieties of life on the shore  
amidst the water-side  population2 have 
lived amidst the slums of ,spitalfields1
 and passed  nights ,whitechapel way2   
but never in any unbroken area of such  
extent  have ,i seen so much that is    
suggestive of utter poverty1 so much    
privation of the ordinary means of      
health and decency1 as on a journey     
about this district which ,i long ago   
named ,the ,chequers4 ,each court  and  
blind alley has the same                

characteristics--the same look of utter 
poverty1 the same want of air and light1
 the same blank aspect of dingy  wall   
and sunken doorsteps1 the same square   
areas surrounded by hovels  with        
clothes'-lines stretched from house to  
house1 almost unstirred by  any breeze  
that blows1 shut in as they are in close
 caverns1 only to be  entered by narrow 
passages between blank walls4 ,it is the
 extent of this  one solid district1    
almost in the very centre of ,city life1
 that is so  bewildering1 and wherein   
lies its terrible distraction4    ,the  
labour of reformation has begun1 but the
 labourers are few4 ,for more  than     
thirty years some efforts have been     
going on to redeem this  neglected and  
unnoticed neighbourhood1 which lies so  
near to1 and yet so  far from ,london's 
heart4    ,let it be noted that this    
moral effort had gone on for nearly     
twenty-nine years before any very       
definite attempt was made to improve    
the physical condition of the place4    

,in #ahda a tract distributor1 ,miss    
,macarthy1 began an organised endeavour 
to teach the depraved inhabitants of    
,chequer ,alley4 ,in #ahfi1 a sanitary  
surveyor1 reporting on one of the courts
 of this foul district1  recommended    
that the premises there should be       
demolished under the  ,artisans' and    
,labourers' ,dwellings ,act1 because the
 floors and  ceilings were considerably 
out of level1 some of the walls         
saturated  with filth and water1 the    
others broken and falling down1 doors1  
window-sashes and frames rotten1 stairs 
dilapidated and dangerous1 roof  leaky  
and admitting the rain1 no provisions   
for decency1 and a foul and  failing    
water supply4    ,the pulling-down      
remedy1 without any simultaneous        
building up1 has  been extended since   
then in a locality where a model        
lodging-house1  which has been erected1 
has stood for years almost unoccupied1  
because  like all model lodging-houses  
in such neighbourhoods1 neither the     

provisions nor the rentals are adapted  
to meet the wants and the means  of the 
poorest1 of whom1 as ,i have already    
said1 a whole family cannot  afford to  
pay more than the rental for a single   
room1 or two rooms at  the utmost4      
,but we are wandering away from the work
 that we came to see4 ,look at  that    
wistful young native1 standing there    
quite close to the mouth of  ,chequer   
,alley4 ,ask him what is that sound of  
children's voices from a                
casually-opened doorway1 and he will    
tell you ,it's our school2 yer kin  go  
in1 sir1 if yer like--anybody kin4 ,as  
the name of the institution is  ,hope   
,schools for ,all1 his invitation is    
doubtless authorised1 and we  may well  
feel that we have made a mistake in     
thinking of the ,italian  poet's        
hopeless line1 for out of the doorway   
there comes a sound of  singing1 and    
inside the doorway is a room containing 
fifty or sixty  infants1 seated on low  
forms1 and many of them such bright1    

rosy--yes1  rosy--clean--yes1           
comparatively1 if not superlatively     
clean--little  creatures1 that hope     
itself springs to fresh life in their   
presence4 ,it  is thirty-four years     
since ,miss ,macarthy1 with an earnest  
desire to  initiate some work of charity
 and mercy1 resolved to become a        
distributor of tracts1 and the district 
she chose was this same foul  tangle to 
which ,i have asked you to accompany me4
 ,bad as the whole  neighbourhood is    
now1 it was worse then4 ,it was never   
what is called a  thief-quarter1 but    
many juvenile thieves haunted it2 and   
the men were as  ruffianly and abusive1 
the women as violent and evil-tongued as
 any who  could be found in all ,london4
 ,instead of being paved1 and partially 
and  insufficiently drained1 it was a   
ftid swamp1 with here and there a  pool 
where ducks swam1 while the foul odours 
of the place were  suffocating4 ,no     
constable dare enter far into the maze  
without a  companion4 ,but the tract    

distributor ventured4 ,in the midst of  
an  epidemic of typhus1 or what is known
 as poverty fever1 she went about  among
 the people1 and strove to fix their    
attention on the message that  she      
carried4 ,the religious services        
commenced in a rat-catcher's front      
parlour1 and at first the congregation  
broke into the hymns with scraps  and   
choruses of songs4 ,the crowd which     
collected outside not only  interrupted 
the proceedings1 but threatened those   
who conducted them  with personal       
violence1 and even assaulted them1 and  
heaped insult upon  them2 but the lady  
who had put her hand to the plough would
 not turn  back4 ,in the midst of her   
patient and difficult work she herself  
was  stricken down with fever4 ,she had 
visited and tended those who were       
suffering4 ,when the question was asked 
what had become of her1 the  barbarous  
people learnt that she was like to die4 
,perhaps this touched  the hearts of    
some of them1 for she had begun to live 

down the brutal  opposition of those who
 could not believe in unselfish         
endeavours to  benefit them4 ,she       
recovered1 however2 and supported by    
others1 who gave  both money and        
personal effort1 the beneficent work    
went on4    ,in this large room where   
the children are singing we have an     
example of  what has been effected4     
,some of the little creatures are pale1 
and have  that wistful look that goes to
 the heart2 but there are few of them   
that  have not clean faces1 and who do  
not show in the scanty little dresses   
some attempt at decent preparation for  
meeting the guv'ness4    ,there is a    
school for elder children also2 and in  
the ramshackle old  house where the     
classes are held there are appliances   
which mark the  wide application of the 
beneficent effort that has grown slowly 
but  surely1 not only in scope1 but in  
its quiet influence upon the people     
amidst whom it was inaugurated4 ,yonder1
 in a kind of covered yard1 is a  huge  

copper1 the honoured source of those    
penny dinners1 and those  quarts and    
gallons of soup which have been such a  
boon to the  neighbourhood1 where food  
is scarce1 and dear4 ,then there was the
  ,christmas dinner1 at which some      
hundreds of little guests were supplied 
with roast meat and pudding1 evidences  
of how much may be effected  within a   
very small space4 ,indeed1 this ,hope   
,school1 with its two or  three rooms1  
is at work day and night2 for not only  
are the children  taught--children not  
eligible for those ,board schools which1
 unless the  board itself mitigates its 
technical demands1 will shut up this and
  similar institutions before any       
provision is made for transferring the  
children to the care of a ,government   
department--but there are mothers'      
meetings1 sewing classes1 where poor    
women can obtain materials at cost      
price1 and be taught to make them into  
articles of clothing4 ,there are  also  
adult classes1 and ,sunday evening      

services for those who would  never     
appear at church or chapel but for such 
an easy transition from  their poor     
homes to the plain neighbourly          
congregation assembled there4  ,there   
are evenings1 too1 when lectures1       
dissolving views1 social teas1  and     
pleasant friendly meetings bring the    
people together with humanising         
influences4 ,it becomes a very serious  
question for the ,london ,school  ,board
 to consider whether1 by demanding that 
ragged schools such as this  shall be   
closed if they do not show a certain    
technical standard of  teaching1 the    
means of partially feeding and clothing1
 which are in such  cases inseparable   
from instructing1 shall be destroyed4   
,but here is a youthful guide--a        
shambling1 shock-headed lad1 with only  
three-quarters of a pair of shoes1 and  
without a cap1 who is to be our  guide  
to another great work1 on the ,golden   
,lane side of this great  zigzag1 to the
 ,costermongers' ,mission1 in fact4 ,you

 may follow him  with confidence1 for he
 is a ,hope ,school-boy--and that means 
something1  even in ,chequer ,alley4    
,still threading our way through those  
dim alleys1 where each one looks  like a
 cul-de-sac1 but yet may be the devious 
entrance to another more  foul and      
forbidding1 we leave the ,hope-for-,all 
,mission ,room resounding  with infant  
voices1 all murmuring the simple lessons
 of the day4 ,that  room is seldom      
empty1 because of the evening school    
where a large class  of older pupils are
 taught1 reading1 writing1 and          
arithmetic2 the adult  class1 and the   
mothers' meeting1 to which poor women   
are invited that  they may be assisted  
to make garments for themselves and     
their children  from materials furnished
 for them at a cheap rate in such       
quantities as  their poor savings can   
purchase4 ,the visiting ,bible woman is 
the chief  agent in these works of      
mercy1 since she brings parents and     
children to  the school1 and reports    

cases of severe distress to be relieved 
when  there are funds for the purpose4  
,not only by teaching and sewing1       
however1 are the hopeful influences of  
the place supported1 for1 as ,i  have   
said already1 in this big room the      
people of the district are  invited to  
assemble to listen to lectures1         
readings1 and music1 to see  dissolving 
views2 and in the summer1 when fields   
are in their beauty and  the hedge-rows 
are full of glory1 there is an excursion
 into the country  for the poor1 little1
 pallid children1 while1 strangest sight
 of all1 a  real flower show is1 or was1
 held in ,chequer ,alley4 ,one could    
almost  pity the flowers1 if we had any 
pity to spare from the stunted buds and 
blossoms of humanity who grow pale and  
sicken and so often die in this  foul   
neighbourhood4    ,but we have strange  
sights yet to see1 so let us continue   
our excursion  in and out1 and round and
 round1 not without some feeling of     
giddiness  and sickness of heart1       

through the ,pigeons--a tavern1 the     
passage of  which is itself a connecting
 link between two suspicious-looking    
courts--round by beershops all blank and
 beetling1 and silent2 past  low-browed 
doorways and dim-curtained windows of   
tramps' kitchens1 and  the abodes of    
more poverty1 misery1 and it may be     
crime1 than you will  find within a     
similar space in any neighbourhood in   
,london1 or out of  it1 except perhaps  
in about five streets down ,east1 or in 
certain dens  of ,liverpool and         
,manchester4    ,one moment4 ,you see   
where a great sudden gap appears to have
 been made  on one side of ,golden      
,lane4 ,that gap represents houses      
pulled down to  erect great blocks of   
building for warehouses or factories1   
and it also  represents the space in    
which above #d1jjj people lived when the
  population of this square quarter of  
mile of poverty and dirt was #bb1jjj    
souls4 ,this will give you some idea of 
the consequences of making what  are    

called clean sweeps1 by demolishing     
whole neighbourhoods before  other      
dwellings are provided for the evicted  
tenants4 ,one result of this  method of 
improving the dwellings of the poor is  
that the people crowd  closer1 either in
 their own or in some adjacent          
neighbourhood1 where  rents are low and 
landlords are not particular how many   
inmates lodge in  a single room4        
,remember that whole families can only  
earn just enough to  keep them from     
starving1 and cannot afford to pay more 
than half-a-crown  or three-and-sixpence
 a week for rent4 ,they must live near  
their work1  or they lose time1 and time
 means pence1 and pence represent the   
difference between eating and fasting4  
,the model lodging-house6 ,see1 there is
 one1 and it is nearly empty4  ,how     
should it be otherwise8 ,the proprietors
 of such places1 whether they  be       
philanthropists or speculators--and they
 are not likely to be the  latter--can  
never see a return of any profitable    

percentage on their  outlay while they  
enforce necessary sanitary laws4 ,the   
top-rooms are  half-a-crown a week each1
 and the lower sets range from about six
  shillings for two to                  
eight-and-sixpence for three rooms4 ,the
 consequence  is that the few tenants in
 this particular building are frequently
  changing their quarters4 ,some of them
 try it1 and fall into arrear1 and  are 
ejected1 or want to introduce whole     
families into a single room1 as  they do
 in these surrounding courts and alleys1
 and this1 of course1 is  not permitted4
 ,imagine one vast building crowded at  
the same rate as  some of these         
two-storeyed houses are6 ,ask the       
missionary1 whose duty  takes her up    
scores of creaking staircases1 to places
 where eight or ten  human beings eat1  
drink1 sleep1 and even work1 in one     
small room--where  father1 mother1      
children1 and sometimes also a brother  
or sister-in-law1  herd together1 that  
they may live on the common earnings2   

places where  children are born1 and    
men1 women1 and children die2 and the   
new-born  babe must be clothed by the   
aid of the maternity box1 and the dead  
must be buried by the help of money     
advanced to pay for the plainest  decent
 funeral4    ,i do not propose to take  
you to any of these sights4 ,you could  
do little  good unless you became       
familiar with them1 and entered into the
 work of  visitation4 ,even in the      
published reports of the organisation to
 which  we are now going1 the cases are 
not dwelt upon1 only one or two are     
given from the experiences of the       
missionary1 and she speaks of them      
simply as examples of the kind of       
destitution which characterises a       
district where deplorable poverty is the
 result sometimes of drink1 or  what1   
for want of a word applicable to the    
saving of pence1 is termed              
improvidence2 but frequently also1      
because of sickness1 and the want  even 
of poorly-paid employment4 ,in such     

cases1 says the report1  almost         
everything is parted with to procure    
food and shelter outside  the workhouse4
    ,one of the two ordinary cases      
referred to was that of a poor woman who
  was found lying on a sack of shavings 
on the floor1 with an infant two  days  
old2 also a child lying dead from fever1
 and two other children  crying for     
food4 ,none had more than a solitary    
garment on4 ,the smell of  the room was 
such that the missionary was quite      
overcome until she had  opened the      
window4 ,clean linen was obtained1 and  
their temporal and  spiritual wants at  
once looked after4 ,this was in the     
,report of above a  year ago2 but cases 
only just less distressing occur daily  
still4 ,this  foul and neglected        
district1 which lies like an ulcer upon 
the great  opulent city1 the centre of  
civilization and benevolence1 seems to  
be as  far from us as though it were a  
part of some savage or semi-heathen land
  under ,british influence4 ,indeed1 in 

the latter case1 there would be a       
probability of more earnest effort on   
behalf of the benighted people1 on      
whose behalf meetings would perhaps be  
held1 and a committee of inquiry  and   
distribution appointed4 ,still1 let us  
be thankful that something is  done4    
,twenty-nine poor mothers have had the  
benefit of the maternity  fund and      
clothing1 the ,report tells us4 ,they   
are very grateful for this  assistance  
in their terrible need4 ,frequently the 
distress is so great  that two changes  
of clothing are given to mother and     
babe1 or they would  be almost entirely 
denuded when the time arrived for       
returning the  boxes4 ,our lady         
subscribers at a distance may be glad to
 know that  blankets1 sheets1 flannel   
petticoats1 warm shawls1 and babies'    
clothing  will always be acceptable4    
,thus writes ,mrs4 ,orsman on the       
subject1 for  the mission is known as   
the ,golden ,lane ,mission1 and more    
popularly as  ,mr4 ,orsman's ,mission to

 the ,costermongers4 ,perhaps these     
words  scarcely denote the scope of the 
work2 but costermongers must be taken   
as a representative term in a district  
where1 in an area of a square  quarter  
of a mile1 there are1 or recently were1 
eighty public-houses and  beershops1 and
 a dense mass of inhabitants1 including 
street-traders or  hucksters1 labourers1
 charwomen1 road-sweepers1 drovers1     
,french  polishers1 artificial          
flower-makers1 toy-makers1 with what is 
now a  compact and really representative
 body of costermongers1 working         
earnestly enough to keep to the right   
way1 and1 as they always did1  forming a
 somewhat distinctive part of the       
population4    ,sixteen years ago1 ,mr4 
,orsman began the work of endeavouring  
to carry  the gospel to the             
rough-and-ready savages of this         
benighted field for  missionary         
enterprise4 ,he held an official        
appointment1 and this was his  business 
after office hours4 ,about the results  

of his own labour he  and his ,reports  
are modestly reticent1 but at all events
 it began to  bear fruit4 ,others joined
 in it2 a regular mission was           
established1 and1  with vigorous growth1
 shot out several branches1 so wisely   
uniting what  may be called the secular 
or temporal with the spiritual and      
religious  interest1 that the ,bread of 
,life was not altogether separated from 
that  need for the bread which perishes4
 ,these branches are full of sap        
to-day1 and one of them is also full of 
promising buds and blossoms1 if  we are 
to judge of the rows of ragged--but not 
unhappy--urchins who fill  this large   
room or hall of the ,mission-house4     
,it is only the first-floor of two      
ordinary houses knocked into one1 but  a
 great work is going on4 ,the parochial 
school was once held here1 and  now the 
room is full of children who might still
 be untaught but for the  effort which  
made the ,ragged ,school a first        
consideration in an  endeavour to redeem

 the whole social life of the district4 
,wisely  enough1 the ,school ,board     
accepted the aid which this free        
day-school for  ragged and nearly       
destitute children affords to a class   
which the  ,education ,act has not yet  
taught us how to teach4    ,in four     
years1 out of ninety-five boys and girls
 who entered situations  from this      
school1 only one was dismissed for      
dishonesty1 and it was  afterwards found
 that he was the dupe of the foreman of 
the place at  which he worked4    ,well 
may ,mr4 ,harwood1 the school           
superintendent1 be glad in the labour   
that he has learnt to love in spite of  
all the sordid surroundings4  ,there is 
life in the midst of these dim courts--a
 ragged-school and a  church1 which is  
poor1 but not1 strictly speaking1       
ragged4 ,in fact1 the  patching class   
for ragged boys1 which meets on         
,thursdays1 from five to  seven in the  
afternoon1 remedies even the tattered   
garments of the poor  little fellows1   

who1 having only one suit1 must take off
 their  habiliments in order to mend    
them4 ,occasional gifts of second-hand  
clothes are amongst the most useful     
stock of the schoolmaster1 as  anybody  
may believe who sees the long rows of   
children1 many of them1  like our       
juvenile guide1 with two odd boots1     
which are mere flaps of  leather1 and   
attire which it would be exaggeration to
 call a jacket and  trousers4    ,the   
school-room is also the church and the  
lecture-hall4 ,it will hold  #cjj       
people2 and the ,sunday-evening         
congregation fills it thoroughly1       
while1 on week-nights1 special services1
 and frequently lectures1               
entertainments1 and attractive social   
gatherings bring the costers and  their 
friends in great force4    ,the chief of
 the costermongers is the ,earl of      
,shaftesbury2 and here1  standing as it 
were at livery in a quiet corner of a   
shanty close to the  coal-shed1 is the  
earl's barrow1 emblazoned with his      

crest4 ,this  remarkable vehicle1 and a 
donkey complimentarily named the ,earl1 
which  took a prize at a ,golden ,lane  
donkey show1 designate his lordship as  
president of the ,barrow ,club1 a       
flourishing institution1 intended to    
supersede the usurious barrow-lenders1  
who once let out these necessary        
adjuncts to the costermongering business
 at a tremendous hire4 ,now the         
proprietors of the barrows1 going on the
 hire and ultimate  purchase-system1 are
 prospering greatly4 ,there are free    
evening classes1  mothers' meetings1 a  
free lending library1 a free singing    
class1 a penny  savings bank1 dinners to
 destitute children1 numbering more than
 #aj1jjj  a year1 a soup-kitchen1       
tea-meetings1 and other agencies1 all of
 which  are kept going morning1 noon1   
and night1 within the narrow limits of  
these two houses made into one4 ,it is  
here1 too1 that the annual meeting  is  
held1 an account of which every year    
filters through the newspapers  to the  

outer world--,the ,costermongers'       
,annual ,tea-,party4 ,the records  of   
this united and earnest assembly have   
been so recently given to the  public1  
that ,i need not repeat them to you as  
we stand here in the lower  rooms1      
whence the big cakes1 the basins of tea1
 the huge sandwiches of  bread and beef1
 were conveyed to the #bjj guests4 ,but 
as we depart1 after  shaking ,mr4       
,harwood by the hand1 let me remind you 
that it has been by  the hearty1 human1 
living influence of religion that these 
results have  been effected4 ,the stones
 of scientific or secular controversy   
have not  been offered instead of food  
spiritual and temporal4 ,the            
mission-hall  has been made the centre2 
and from it has spread various healing1 
purifying1 ameliorating influences4     
,from this we may well take a lesson    
for the benefit of another organised    
effort which appeals to us for          
help--that of the ,london ,city         
,mission4 ,this institution is trying to

  effect for various districts and      
several classes of the poor and         
ignorant in and about ,london that      
introduction of religious teaching      
which ,mr4 ,orsman began with amongst   
the costermongers and others in the     
benighted locality where now a clear    
light has begun to shine4    ,at a      
recent meeting of the promoters of the  
,city ,mission work1 held at  the       
,mansion ,house1 it was stated that the 
#dbg missionaries then employed  by the 
society were chosen without distinction1
 except that of fitness  for the office1
 from ,churchmen1 ,presbyterians1       
,congregationalists1  ,wesleyans1 and   
,baptists1 while the examining and      
appointing committee  were composed of  
thirteen clergymen of the ,established  
,church and  thirteen ,dissenting       
ministers4    ,anybody who is accustomed
 to visit the worst neighbourhoods of   
,london  will know that these           
missionaries go where the regular clergy
 cannot  easily penetrate1 and where    

even the parish doctor seldom lingers4  
,every  missionary visits once a month  
about #ejj families1 or #b1jjj persons4 
,they read the ,scriptures1 exhort their
 listeners1 hold prayer and ,bible      
meetings1 distribute copies of the      
,scriptures1 see that children go to    
school1 address the poor in rooms when  
they cannot persuade them to go  to     
church1 visit and pray with the dying1  
lend books1 hold open-air  services1    
endeavour to reclaim drunkards 7#a1edf  
were so restored during  the last year71
 admonish and frequently reclaim the    
vicious1 raise the  fallen1 and place   
them in asylums or induce them to return
 to their  homes1 and work constantly   
for the great harvest of ,god to which  
they  are appointed4    ,then there are 
special missionaries appointed to visit 
bakers1 cabmen1  drovers1 omnibus men1  
soldiers1 sailors1 and foreigners of    
various  countries4 ,they also go to    
tanneries1 the docks1 workhouses1       
hospitals1  and other places2 and there 

is a vast harvest yet1 without a sickle 
to  reap even a single sheaf4 ,when will
 the time come1 that1 to the means  for 
carrying the sustaining comfort of the  
,word to men's souls1 will be  added    
some means of helping them to realise it
 by such temporal aid as  will raise    
them from the want which paralyses and  
the degradation which  benumbs8         
,,giving ,,the ,,feeble ,,strength4     
,i have had occasion lately to take you 
with me to some of the worst  parts of  
,london4 ,the phrase has become so      
common1 that there is some  difficulty  
in deciding what it means2 and we are   
obliged to come to the  conclusion1 that
 in every quarter of this great         
metropolis1 large and  lofty buildings1 
splendid mansions1 gorgeous shops1 and  
even stately  palaces1 are but symbols  
of the partial and imperfect development
 of  true national greatness1 and can   
scarcely be regarded as complete        
evidences of genuine civilisation1 if by
 that word we are to mean more  than was

 expressed by it in heathen times1 and  
amidst pagan people4  ,perhaps there is 
no more terrible reflection1 amidst all 
the pomp and  magnificence1 the vast    
commercial enterprise and constantly    
accumulating  wealth of this mighty     
city1 than that here we may also find   
the extremes  of want and misery1 of    
vice and poverty1 of ignorance and      
suffering4  ,side by side with all that 
makes material greatness--riches1       
learning1  luxury1 extravagance--are    
examples of the deepest necessity and   
degradation4 ,the rich and the poor do  
indeed meet together in a very  sad     
sense4 ,it would be well if the former  
would complete the text for  themselves1
 and take its meaning deep into their   
hearts4    ,there is reason for devout  
thankfulness1 however1 that here and    
there  amidst the abodes of rich and    
poor alike1 some building with special  
characteristics may be seen2 that not   
only the church but the charity  which  
represents practical religion does make 

vigorous protest against  the merely    
selfish heaping-up of riches without    
regard to the cry of the  poor4 ,there  
are few neighbourhoods in which a       
,refuge for the homeless1 a             
soup-kitchen1 a ragged-school1 a        
servants home1 an orphanage1 a  hospital
 or some asylum for the sick and        
suffering1 does not relieve  that sense 
of neglect and indifference which is the
 first painful  impression of the       
thoughtful visitor to those worst       
quarters1 which  yet lie close behind   
the grand thoroughfares and splendid    
edifices that  distinguish aristocratic 
and commercial ,london4    ,i have said 
enough for the present about those      
poverty-haunted districts  of           
,shoreditch1 ,spitalfields1 and ,bethnal
 ,green1 to warrant me in taking  you   
through them without further comment    
than suffices to call your  attention to
 the poorly-paid industries1 the want   
and suffering1 and the  too frequent    
neglect of the means of health and      

cleanliness which  unhappily distinguish
 them and the surrounding neighbourhoods
 lying  eastward4 ,the weaver's colony  
can now scarcely be said to survive the 
changes wrought by the removal of an    
entire industry from ,spitalfields  to  
provincial manufactories1 and the vast  
importations of foreign silks1  and yet 
there is in this part of ,london a great
 population of workers at  callings     
which are scarcely better paid than silk
 weaving had come to  be1 previous to   
its comparative disappearance4          
,marvellous changes have been effected  
in the way of buildings and             
improvements during the last thirty     
years1 but much of the poverty and      
sickness that belonged to these         
neighbourhoods remain4 ,the looms may be
  silent in the upper workshops with    
their wide leaden casements1 but the    
labour by which the people live seldom  
brings higher wages than suffice  for   
mere subsistence4 ,the great building in
 which treasures of art and  science are

 collected is suggestive of some kind of
 recognition of the  need of the        
inhabitants for rational recreation and 
instruction1 and  what is perhaps more  
to the purpose1 it is also a recognition
 of their  desire for both2 but it      
cannot be denied that the recognition   
has come  late1 and has not been        
completely accompanied by those         
provisions for  personal comfort1       
health1 and decency1 which a stringent  
application of  existing laws might long
 ago have ensured in neighbourhoods that
 for  years were suffered to remain     
centres of pestilence4    ,the greatest 
change ever effected in this quarter of 
,london was that  which followed the    
formation of ,victoria ,park4 ,that     
magnificent area1  with its lakes and   
islands1 its glorious flower-beds and   
plantations1  its cricket-ground and    
great expanse of open field1 made       
,bethnal ,green  famous4 ,there had     
always been a fine stretch of open      
country beyond what  was known as the   

,green1 on which the building of the    
,museum now  stands4 ,a roadway between 
banks and hedges skirting wide fields   
led to  the open space where a queer old
 mansion could be seen amidst a few tall
  trees1 while beyond this again1 across
 the canal bridge1 were certain  country
 hostelries1 one of them with what was1 
in that day1 a famous  tea-garden2 and1 
farther on1 a few farms and some large  
old-fashioned  private residences stood 
amidst meadows1 gardens1 and cattle     
pastures1  on either side of the winding
 road leading away to the ,hackney      
,marshes  and the low-lying fields      
beyond the old village of ,homerton4 ,it
 was on a  large portion of this rural  
area that ,victoria ,park was founded4  
,tavern  and farmhouse disappeared2 the 
canal bridge was made ornamental2 and   
just beyond the queer old mansion that  
stood by the roadway1 the great  stone  
and iron gates of the people's          
pleasure-ground were erected4    ,now1  
the mansion1 to which ,i have already   

twice referred1 was in fact  one of the 
few romantic buildings of the district1 
for it was what  remained of the house  
of the persecuting ,bishop ,bonner1 and 
the four  most prominent of the tall    
trees--those having an oblong or pit    
excavation of the soil at the foot of   
each--were traditionally the  landmarks 
of the martyrdom of four sisters who    
were there burnt at the  stake and      
buried in graves indicated by the       
hollows in the ground1 which  popular   
superstition had declared could never be
 filled up4    ,that they have been     
filled up long ago1 and that on the site
 of the  ancient house itself another   
great building has been erected1 you may
  see to-day as we stand at the end of  
the long road leading to the  entrance  
of the people's park4    ,the abode of  
cruelty and bigotry has been replaced by
 one of the most  truly representative  
of all our benevolent institutions4 ,the
 graves of  the martyred sisters might  
well take a new meaning if the spot     

could now  be discovered in the broad   
and beautifully planted garden1 where   
feeble  men and women sun themselves    
into returning life and strength amidst 
the  gentle summer air blowing straight 
across from the broad woods of ,epping  
and ,hainault miles away4    ,the       
people's playground is fitly consummated
 by the people's hospital4  ,that the   
,city of ,london ,hospital for ,diseases
 of the ,chest1 ,victoria  ,park1 might 
well be called the people's1 is shown1  
not because it is  supported by state   
aid or by charitable endowment1 on the  
contrary1 it  depends entirely on those 
voluntary contributions and             
subscriptions  which have hitherto      
enabled it successfully to carry on a   
noble work1  but yet have only just     
sufficed to supply its needs1 from hand 
to  mouth4 ,yet it is essentially       
devoted to patients who belong to the   
working population4 ,like the park      
itself it attracts crowds of visitors1  
not only from the ,city1 from ,bethnal  

,green1 ,mile ,end1 ,poplar1 ,islington1
  ,camden ,town1 and other parts of     
,london1 but even from distant places   
whence excursionists come to see and to 
enjoy it4 ,this hospital receives       
patients from every part of ,london1 and
 even from distant country  places4     
,there were seven inmates from ,york    
last year1 as well as some  from        
,somerset1 ,hereford1 ,derby1           
,lincolnshire1 ,lancashire1 ,norfolk1   
,suffolk1 ,huntingdon1 ,northampton1    
,wiltshire1 and other counties2 so that 
in fact the districts of ,bethnal       
,green1 ,spitalfields1 and ,shoreditch1 
represented only a very small proportion
 of the #gha in-patients and the        
#ac1icg out-patients1 who were admitted 
to medical treatment during the  twelve 
months4 ,more than this1 however1       
amongst the contributions which  are    
made for the support of this hospital1  
there must be reckoned those  collected 
by working men of the district in their 
clubs and  associations1 in token of the

 appreciation of benefits bestowed by   
such  an institution to failing men and 
women1 wives and shopmates and          
relatives1 who being threatened or      
actually stricken down with one of      
those diseases which sap the life and   
leave the body prostrate1 require       
prompt skill and medical aid1 even if   
they are not in absolute need of        
nourishing food and alleviating rest4   
,standing here1 in front of this broad  
noble building1 with its many  windows1 
its picturesque front of red brick and  
white stone1 its central  tower1 its    
sheltered garden-walks1 and pleasant    
lawn1 we may well feel  glad to hear    
that the work done within its wards is  
known and  recognised4 ,what a work it  
is can only be estimated by those who   
remember how fell is the disease from   
which so many of the patients  suffer1  
and how great a thing it has been1 even 
where cures could not be  effected1     
usefully to prolong the lives of        
hundreds of those who must  have died   

but for timely aid4 ,nay1 even at the   
least1 the alleviation of  suffering to 
those on whom death had already laid his
 hand has been no  small thing2 and when
 we know that of #bdj1jjj out-patients  
who have  received advice and medicines1
 and #aj1djj in-patients whose cases    
have  warranted their admission to the  
wards1 a large number of actual cures   
have been effected since the            
establishment of this hospital1 we are  
entitled to regard the institution as   
one of the most useful that we  have    
ever visited together4    ,let us enter1
 not by the handsome broad portico in   
the centre of the  building1 but at the 
out-patients' door1 in order that we may
 see the  two waiting-rooms1 where men  
and women bring their letters of        
admission1  or attend to see one of the 
three consulting physicians4 ,of these  
three  gentlemen the senior is ,dr4     
,peacock1 of whom it may be said that he
 is  the organiser of the hospital1 the 
efficiency of which is mainly due to    

his direction4 ,this is no small praise1
 ,i am aware1 but there are so  many    
evidences of thorough unity and         
completeness in all the details of      
management that1 considering how great a
 variety of cases are included  under   
diseases of the chest1 from the slow    
insidious but fatal ravages  of         
consumption to the sudden pang and      
deadly spasm of heart disease1 and  the 
various affections of throat and lungs1 
it may easily be seen how  much depends 
upon the adoption of a system initiated 
by long study and  experience4 ,the     
perfect arrangements which distinguish  
this hospital are  doubtless rendered   
easier by ample space and admirable     
appliances4  ,plenty of room and plenty 
of air 7air1 however1 which has been    
warmed to  one even temperature before  
it enters the wards and corridors where 
the  patients eat and drink1 sleep and  
walk7 are the first characteristics of  
the place1 while a certain chaste       
simplicity of ornament1 and yet an      

avoidance of mere utilitarian bareness1 
is to be observed in all that  portion  
of the structure where decoration may   
naturally be expected4    ,the          
board-room1 the secretary's room1 and   
the various apartments devoted  to the  
resident officers on the ground-floor1  
are plain enough1 however1  though they 
are of good size and proportions1 the   
only really ornamental  article of      
furniture in the board-room being a     
handsome semi-grand  piano1 the gift of 
one of the committee4 ,this is a real   
boon to such of  the patients as can    
come to practise choral singing1 as well
 as to those  who can listen delightedly
 to the amateur concerts that are       
periodically  performed1 either in the  
hospital itself or in one of the wards4 
,for  they have cheerful entertainments 
in this resort of the feeble1 where1  to
 tell the truth1 food is often the best 
physic1 and sympathy and  encouragement 
the most potent alleviations4    ,as to 
the actual physic--the employment of    

medicines--it is only in some  of the   
large endowed hospitals that we can see 
such a dispensary as this  spacious     
room1 with its surrounding rows of      
bottles and drawers1 its two  open      
windows1 one communicating with the     
men's and the other with the  women's   
waiting room1 its slabs1 and scales and 
measures1 on a central  counter1 where  
#chj prescriptions will have to be made 
up to-day before  the alert and         
intelligent gentleman and his assistants
 who have the  control of this          
department1 will be able to replace the 
current stock  out of the medical       
stores4    ,these small cisterns1 each  
with its tap1 occupying so prominent a  
place  on the counter1 represent the    
staple medicine of the establishment1   
pure  cod-liver oil1 of which #a1bjj    
gallons are used every year1 and they   
are  constantly replenished from three  
large cylinders1 or vats1 containing    
#hjj gallons1 which occupy a room of    
their own adjoining the dispensary  and 

the compounding room1 the latter being  
the place where drugs are  prepared1 and
 the great art of pill-making is        
practised on a remarkable  scale4       
,continuing our walk round the hospital1
 we come to the consulting-rooms1  where
 the physicians attend daily at two     
o'clock1 each to see his own  patients1 
and the reception-room1 where an officer
 takes the letters of  introduction1 and
 exchanges them for attendance cards4   
,this is the door  of the museum2 and   
though we shall be admitted1 if you     
choose to  accompany me1 it is1 like    
other surgical museums1 of professional 
more  than general interest1 and not a  
public portion of the hospital4 ,turning
  into the great main corridor1 with its
 peculiar honeycombed red-brick  ceiling
 and pleasant sense of light and air1 we
 will ascend the broad  staircase to the
 wards1 those of the women being on the 
first floor1  while the men occupy a    
precisely similar ward on the second4   
,these wards  consist of a series of    

rooms of from two to six1 eight1 and    
twelve beds  each1 so as to afford      
opportunity for the proper              
classification of the  cases4 ,a        
day-room is also provided for each set  
of wards1 so that those  patients who   
are well enough to leave their beds may 
take their meals  there1 or may read1   
play at chess1 draughts1 or bagatelle1  
or occupy  themselves with needlework4  
,these wards and their day-rooms all    
open  into a light cheerful corridor1   
with large windows1 where the inmates   
may walk and talk1 or read and rest1    
sitting or reclining upon the  couches  
and settees that are placed at intervals
 along the wall4 ,all  through these    
rooms and corridors the air is kept at a
 medium  temperature of from fifty-five 
to sixty degrees1 by means of hot-air or
  hot-water apparatus1 the latter being 
in use as well as the former4 ,you      
noticed1 as we stood in the grounds1 a  
large square structure of a  monumental 
character2--that was in fact the chamber

 through the sides of  which draughts of
 air are carried to channels beneath the
 building1  there they are drawn around 
a furnace1 to be heated1 and to escape  
through pipes that are grouped about the
 entire building4 ,in order to  ensure  
the necessary comfort of patients       
requiring a higher temperature1  each   
ward is provided with an open           
fire-place4    ,it is now just          
dinner-time4 ,the ample rations of meat 
and vegetables1  fish and milk1 and the 
various special diets1 are coming up on 
the  lift from the kitchens1 and in the 
women's day-room a very comfortable     
party is just sitting down to the       
mid-day meal4 ,here1 as elsewhere1      
greater patience and more genuine       
cheerfulness are to be observed among   
the women1 than is as a rule displayed  
by the men1 and there are not  wanting  
signs of pleasant progress towards      
recovery1 of grateful  appreciation of  
the benefits received1 and of a hopeful 
trusting spirit1  which goes far to aid 

the doctor and the nurse4 ,there are1 of
 course1  some sad sights4 ,looking into
 the wards1 we may see more than one    
woman  for whom only a few hours of this
 mortal life remain2 more than one      
child whose emaciated form and face     
looks as though death itself could      
bring no great change4 ,yet it must be  
remembered that cases likely soon  to   
terminate fatally are not admitted4 ,the
 severity of the diseases and  their    
frequently fatal character under any    
condition will account for  the large   
proportion of sickness unto death which 
finds here alleviation  but not absolute
 cure2 though1 of course1 the sufferers 
from heart  disease1 who are on the     
whole the most cheerful1 as well as     
those whose  affections of the lungs can
 be sensibly arrested1 if not altogether
  healed1 are frequently restored to    
many years of useful work in the  world4
 ,on this second storey1 in the men's   
ward1 there are some very  serious      
cases1 and some sights that have a      

heartache in them2 yet they  are full of
 significance1 for many of them include 
the spectacle of  ,god's sweet gift of  
trust and patience--the mighty courage  
of a quiet  mind4 ,yonder is a          
courageous fellow1 who1 suffering from a
 terrible  aneurism1 had to cease his   
daily labour1 and now lies on his back1 
hopeful of cure1 with a set still face  
and a determined yet wistful look  at   
the resident medical officer1 or the    
nurse who adjusts the  india-rubber     
ice-bag on his chest4 ,here1 near the   
door1 is that which  should make us bow 
our heads low before the greatest       
mystery of mortal  life4 ,not the       
mystery of death1 but the mystery of    
meeting death and  awaiting it4 ,a      
brave1 patient1 noble man is sitting up 
in that bed1 his  high forehead1 fair   
falling hair1 long tawny beard1 and     
steady placid  eye1 reminding one of    
some picture of ,norseman or ,viking4   
,lean and gaunt  enough in frame1 his   
long thin hand is little but skin and   

bone1 but it  is clasped gently by the  
sorrowing wife1 who sits beside him1 and
  glances at us through tearful eyes as 
we enter4 ,one can almost believe  that 
the sick man who is going on the great  
journey whither he cannot  yet take the 
wife who loves him1 has been speaking of
 it calmly1 there  is such an           
inscrutable look of absolute repose in  
that face4 ,he is a  ,dane1 and the     
doctor tells us has borne his illness   
and great pain with  a quiet courage    
that has challenged the admiration of   
those about him--a  courage born of     
simple faith1 let us believe1 a calm    
resting on an  eternal foundation of    
peace4 ,here1 in the corridor1 is a     
party1 some of  its members still very  
weak and languid1 who1 having just      
dined1 are  about to take the afternoon 
lounge1 with book or newspaper1 and1    
leaving  them1 we will conclude our     
visit by descending to the basement1    
whence  the chief medicine comes in the 
shape of wholesome nourishing food1 of  

meat and fish1 of pure farina1 of wine1 
and milk1 and fresh eggs1 of  clean pure
 linen1 and even of ice1 for ice is a   
large ingredient here1  and several tons
 are consumed every year4 ,the domestic 
staff have their  apartments in this    
basement portion of the building1       
another division of  which is occupied  
by the kitchens and storerooms1 while   
lifts for coal  and daily meals and     
every other requisite1 ascend to the    
upper wards1  and shoots or wells from  
the upper floors convey linen and       
bedding that  require washing1 as well  
as the dust and refuse of the wards1 to 
special  receptacles4    ,the kitchen   
itself is a sight worth seeing with its 
wide open range1  where prime joints are
 roasting1 or have been roasted1 and are
 now being  cut into great platefuls for
 the ordinary full-diet patients4 ,in   
the  great boilers and ovens1 vegetables
 and boiled meats1 farinaceous          
puddings1 rice1 tapioca1 fish1 and a    
dozen other articles of pure diet  are  

being prepared1 while a reservoir of    
strong beef-tea represents the          
nourishment of those feeble ones to whom
 liquid1 representing either  meat or   
milk1 is all that can be permitted4 ,we 
have little time to  remain in the      
separate rooms1 which are cool          
tile-lined larders1 where  bread and    
milk and meat are kept1 but among the   
records of donations and  contributions 
to the hospital it is very pleasant to  
read of the  multifarious gifts of food 
and other comforts sent from time to    
time by  benevolent friends4 ,they      
consist of baskets of game1 fruits1     
rice1 tea1  flour1 books1 warm clothing 
for poor patients leaving the hospital1 
prints1 pictures1 fern-cases1 all kinds 
of useful articles1 showing how         
thoughtful the donors are1 of what will 
be a solace and a comfort to the        
patients1 while not the least           
practically valuable remittances are    
bundles of old linen4 ,still more       
touching1 however1 are the records of   

gifts brought by patients themselves1 or
 by their friends4    ,i was a patient  
here four years ago1 says a man who has 
made his way  to the secretary's room1  
and ,i made up my mind that if ever ,i  
could  scrape a guinea together ,i      
should bring it1 and now ,i have1 and   
here it  is1 if you'll be so good as to 
take it1 for ,i want to show ,i'm truly 
grateful4    ,if you'll please accept it
 from us2 my husband and ,i have put by 
fifteen shillings1 and want to give it  
to the hospital for your kindness  to   
our son1 who was here before he died4   
,these are the chronicles that show this
 to be a people's hospital  indeed1 and 
that should open the hearts of those who
 can take pounds  instead of shillings4 
,in such cases the secretary has        
ventured to remind  the grateful donors 
that they may be unable to afford to    
leave their  savings1 but the evident   
pain1 even of the hint of refusal1 was  
reason  for accepting the poor offering4
 ,poor1 did ,i say8 nay1 rich--rich in  

all  that can really give value to such 
gifts1 the wealth of the heart that     
must be satisfied by giving4    ,there  
is one more adjunct to this great human 
conservatory which we must  see before  
we leave4 ,down four shallow stone steps
 from the corridor1  and along a        
cheerful quiet sub-corridor1 is the     
chapel4 ,a very beautiful  building1    
with no stained glass or sumptuous      
detail of ornament1 and yet  so         
admirable in its simple architectural   
decoration and perfect  proportions1    
that it is an example of what such a    
place should be4 ,it is  capable of     
seating three or four hundred persons1  
and visitors are  freely admitted to the
 ,sunday services when there is room1   
though of  course seats are reserved for
 the patients1 who have elbows provided 
in their pews1 that they may be able to 
lean without undue fatigue4 ,the  chapel
 itself was a gift of a beneficent      
friend1 and was presented  anonymously4 
,one day an architect waited on the     

committee1 and simply  said that if they
 would permit a chapel to be erected on 
a vacant space  in their grounds1 close 
to the main building1 he had plans for  
such a  structure with him1 and the     
whole cost would be defrayed by a client
 of  his1 who1 however1 would not make  
known his name4 ,the gift was accepted1 
and the benevolent contract nobly       
fulfilled4 ,i should be glad to hear    
that some other charitable donor had    
sent in like manner an offer of  funds  
to fill those two great vacant wards    
which1 waiting for patients1  are among 
the saddest sights in this hospital4    
,,healing ,,the ,,sick4      ,amidst the
 numerous great charities which         
distinguish this vast  metropolis1      
hospitals must always hold a prominent  
if not preeminent  place4 ,helpless     
infancy1 the weakness and infirmity of  
old age1 and  prostration by sudden     
accident1 or the ravages of disease1 are
 the  conditions that necessarily appeal
 to humanity4 ,the latter especially is 

so probable an occurrence to any of us1 
that we are at once impressed by  the   
necessity for providing some means for  
its alleviation4 ,helpless  childhood   
has passed1 old age may seem to be in   
too dim a future to  challenge our      
immediate attention2 but sickness1      
sudden disaster1 who  shall be able to  
guard against these1 in a world where   
the strongest are  often smitten down in
 the full tide of apparent health2      
where1 in the  streets alone1 fatal     
accidents are reckoned monthly as a     
special item in  ,registrars' returns1  
and injuries amount annually to         
hundreds8    ,the great endowed         
hospitals1 therefore1 those magnificent 
monuments of  charity which have        
distinguished ,london for so many years1
 and the value  of which in extending   
the science of medicine can scarcely be 
overrated1  are regarded by us all with 
veneration4 ,at the same time we ought  
to  feel a certain thrill of pleasure1 a
 satisfaction not far removed from  keen

 emotion1 when we see inscribed on the  
front of some building1 large  or small1
 where the work of healing is being     
carried on1 the words1  ,supported by   
,voluntary ,contributions4 ,one other   
condition1 too1 seems  necessary to the 
complete recognition of such a charity  
as having  attained to the full measure 
of a truly beneficent work--admission to
 it  should be free3 free not only from 
any demand for money payments1 but      
untrammelled by the necessity for       
seeking1 often with much suffering and  
delay1 a governor's order or letter1 by 
which alone a patient can be  received  
in many of our otherwise admirable and  
useful institutions for  the sick4 ,it  
should be remembered that immediate aid 
is of the utmost  importance in the     
effort to heal the sick1 and that       
delays1 proverbially  dangerous1 are in 
such cases cruel1 often fatal1 always   
damaging to the  sense of true          
beneficence1 of the extension of help   
because of the  need rather than for the

 sake of any particular influence4 ,it  
would  seem that we have no right to    
hesitate1 or to insist on the observance
  of certain forms1 before succouring   
the grievously sick and wounded1 any    
more than we have to withhold food from 
the starving till ceremonial  inquiries 
are answered1 and certificates of       
character obtained4 ,there  are cases of
 poverty1 and even of suffering1 where  
inquiry before  ultimate and continued  
relief may be useful1 and personal      
influence may  be necessary1 but extreme
 hunger and nakedness1 cold and         
houselessness1  sudden injury or        
maiming1 the pain of disease1 the deep  
and touching  need of the sick and      
helpless1 are not such4 ,prompt and     
effectual  measures for relief1 and1 if 
necessary1 admission to the place where 
that relief can alone be afforded1 will 
be the only means of completely  meeting
 these wants4 ,free hospitals1 freer    
even than workhouses1 are  what we need1
 and ,i am about to visit one of them   

to-day which rejoices  in its name1 ,the
 ,royal ,free ,hospital1 now in its     
forty-seventh year of  useful and1 ,i am
 glad to say1 of vigorous life4    ,to  
anyone acquainted with that strange     
neighbourhood which is  represented by  
,gray's ,inn ,lane and all the queer    
jumble of courts and  alleys that seem  
to shrink behind the shelter of the     
broad thoroughfare  of ,holborn1 there  
is something consistent in the          
establishment of such a  noble charity  
as this hospital in ,gray's ,inn ,road4 
,its very position  seems to indicate   
the nature and extent of its duties4    
,near the homes of  poverty1 the streets
 where people live who cannot go far to 
seek aid in  their extremest need1 it   
receives those who1 breaking down       
through  sudden disease1 or requiring   
medical and surgical skill to relieve   
the  pain and weakness of recurrent     
malady1 have no resource but this to    
enable them to fulfil their one great   
desire to get back to work4 ,the  causes

 of much of the sickness which sends    
patients thither may be  preventable3   
they may be found in foul dwellings1    
impure water1  insufficient clothing1   
want of proper food1 alternate hunger   
and  intemperance2 but whatever may be  
its occasion1 a remedy must be found    
for it4 ,till all that is preventable is
 prevented1 the consequences  will have 
to be mitigated1 the fatal results      
averted where it is  possible2 and when 
boards of health and sanitary measures  
have done1  there will still be sick men
 to heal1 failing children to           
strengthen1  weak and wasting women to  
restore4    ,it is well1 then1 that this
 ,institution should stand as a landmark
 of  that free charity which takes help 
where it is needed most2 and this       
qualification is the more obvious when  
we turn from the sick wards to  the     
accident wards1 and remember that three 
great railway termini are  close at     
hand1 and others not far off2 that all  
round that teeming  neighbourhood men1  

women1 and even children1 are working at
 poor  handicrafts1 which render them   
liable to frequent injuries1 and that in
  the crowded streets themselves--from  
the great busy thoroughfare of          
,holborn1 to the bustle and confusion of
 the approaches to the stations  at     
,king's ,cross--there is constant peril 
to life and limb4    ,there is something
 so remarkable in the external          
appearance of the  building1 such a     
military look about its bold front1 such
 a suggestion  of a cavalry yard about  
the broad open area behind this tall    
wooden  entrance gate1 that you begin to
 wonder how such a style of architecture
  should have been adopted for a        
hospital4 ,the truth is that like       
many--nay1 like most of our noblest     
work--this great provision for  healing 
the sick began by not waiting for       
full-blown opportunities4 ,the  need was
 there1 and the means that came to hand 
were used to meet it4  ,this building   
was originally the barracks of that     

loyal and efficient  regiment1 the      
,light ,horse ,volunteers1 and so       
excellently had those  gallant defenders
 of king and constitution provided for  
their own  comfort and security1 that   
when in #ahdb the premises were vacant1 
and  the lease for sale1 the governors  
of the ,royal ,free ,hospital became the
  purchasers1 the long rooms were easily
 turned into ample1 cheerful1 and       
well-ventilated wards1 and the various  
outbuildings and offices were  quickly  
adapted to the reception of patients4   
,but the hospital had at that date been 
working quietly and effectually  for    
above fourteen years4 ,fourteen years   
before its inauguration in  ,gray's ,inn
 ,road1 this free hospital1 which was   
not then royal1 had  been commenced in  
,greville ,street1 ,hatton ,garden1 and 
the immediate  incident which led to its
 foundation is so suggestive1 so        
inseparable  from the recollection of   
the want which it was designed to       
alleviate1  and from its own generous   

recognition of the unfailing freedom of 
true  charity1 that it might well be the
 subject of a memorial picture4 ,alas6  
it would be a tragic reminder of those  
days before any provision was  made for 
extending medical aid to sufferers who  
had no credentials save  humanity and   
their own deep necessity4 ,it would be a
 grim reminder to  us1 also1 that some  
of our great charities established for  
the relief of  the sick are still       
trammelled with those restrictions which
 demand  recommendations1 to obtain     
which the applicant is often condemned  
to  delay and disappointment4 ,it would 
show us that our hospitals are not  yet 
free4    ,those of my readers who can   
remember the entrance to the broad      
highway  of ,holborn nearly fifty years 
ago--stay1 that is going back beyond    
probable acknowledgment1--let me say    
those of us who knew ,smithfield  when  
it was a cattle market1 who had heard of
 ,cow ,cross1 and been told  of the     
terrible purlieux of ,field ,lane2 who  

had occasionally caught a  glimpse of   
that foul wilderness of courts that     
clustered about the ,fleet  ,ditch2 had 
read of ,mr4 ,fagin1 when ,oliver ,twist
 was first appearing in  chapters1 and  
had dim recollections of nursery tales  
about ,bartlemy fair  and hanging       
morning at the ,old ,bailey2 those of us
 who remember the  cries of drovers1 and
 the lowing and bleating of herds and   
flocks in the  streets on ,sunday       
nights2 the terrible descent of ,snow   
,hill2 the  confusion and dismay of     
passengers and vehicles on the steep    
incline of  ,holborn ,hill2 the reek of 
all that maze of houses and hovels that 
lay in  the valley2 those of us1 in     
short1 who can carry our memories back  
for a  few years beyond the time when   
the new cattle market was built at      
,islington1 the pens and lairs of       
,smithfield demolished1 the whole       
,holborn valley dismantled1 only a      
remnant1 a mere corner1 of ,field ,lane 
being left standing after the great     

viaduct was built--can imagine what  the
 church of ,st4 ,andrew was like when1  
with its dark and dreary  churchyard1 it
 stood on the slope of ,holborn ,hill1  
instead of being as  it now is in a kind
 of subway4 ,that churchyard1 with its  
iron gate1 was  reached by stone steps1 
which were receptacles for winter rain  
and  summer dust1 the straw from        
waggons1 the shreds and sweepings from  
adjacent shops1 the dirt and refuse of  
the streets4    ,on those steps a young 
girl was seen lying one night1 in the   
winter of  #ahbg--lying helpless1       
lonely1 perishing of disease and famine4
    ,the clocks of ,st4 ,andrew1 ,st4   
,sepulchre1 ,st4 ,paul1 had clanged and 
boomed amidst the hurry and the turmoil 
of the throng of passengers2 had        
clanged and boomed till their notes     
might be heard above the subsiding  roar
 of vehicles1 and the shuffling of feet1
 till silence crept over the  great     
city1 and more distant chimes struck    
through the murky air1  tolling         

midnight4 ,still that figure lay upon   
the cruel stones1 under the  rusty gate 
of the churchyard1 as though1 unfriended
 and unpitied by the  world1 she waited 
for admission to the only place in which
 she might  make a claim in death1 if   
not in life4    ,not more than eighteen 
years old1 she had wandered wearily from
 some  distant place where fatal        
instalments of the wages of sin had done
 their  work4 ,she had come to ,london  
unknown1 unnoted1 to die4 ,that she had 
come  from afar is but a surmise2 she   
may have been a dweller in this great   
city1 lost amidst the stony desert of   
its streets1 friendless with the        
friendlessness of the outcast or the    
wretched1 to whom the acquaintances  of 
to-day have little care or opportunity  
to become the solacers of  to-morrow2   
she may have crept to that dark corner  
by the churchyard  gate1 amongst the    
rack and refuse of the street1 as a     
place in which  she1 the unconsidered   
waste and refuse of our boasted         

civilisation1  could most fitly huddle  
from the cold4 ,she was not left        
actually to die  there1 but two days    
afterwards she passed out of the world  
where she had  been unrecognised4 ,not  
without result1 however4    ,among those
 who had witnessed the distressing      
occurrence was a surgeon1  ,mr4 ,william
 ,marsden1 who for some time before had 
repeatedly seen cause  to lament1 that  
with all our endowed hospitals1 our     
great medical  schools1 and the advance 
of scientific knowledge1 the sick poor  
could  only obtain relief by means of   
letters of recommendation and other     
delay1 until the appointed days for     
admission4 ,the sight that he had       
witnessed awoke him to fresh energy4 ,he
 determined to establish a  medical     
charity1 where destitution or great     
poverty and disease should  be the only 
necessary credentials for obtaining free
 and immediate  relief4 ,his honest     
benevolent purpose did not cool2 in     
,february in the  following year        

7#ahbh71 the house in ,greville ,street 
was open as a free  hospital1 and it was
 taken under the royal patronage of     
,george ,,iv41 the  ,duke of ,gloucester
 becoming its president4    ,king       
,william ,,iv4 succeeded ,george ,,iv4  
as the patron of this free  hospital1   
and one of the earliest manifestations  
of the interest of our  ,queen in public
 charitable institutions was the        
expressed desire of her  ,majesty to    
maintain the support which it had       
hitherto received1 and to  confer upon  
it the name of the ,royal ,free         
,hospital4    ,it need scarcely be said 
that the late ,duke of ,sussex took a   
very strong  interest in this charity1  
and at his death it was determined to   
erect a  new wing1 to be called the     
,sussex wing4 ,this work was completed  
in  #ahef2 and in #ahfc1 by the aid of a
 zealous and indefatigable chairman of  
the committee1 above #e1jjj was raised  
by special appeal for the  purposes of  
buying the freehold of the entire       

building1 so that it is  now1 in every  
sense1 a free hospital1 with a noble    
history of suffering  relieved1 of the  
sick healed1 the deserted reclaimed1 the
 sinful  succoured1 and those that were 
ready to perish snatched from the jaws  
of  death4    ,since the foundation of  
the modest house in ,hatton ,garden in  
#ahbh above  a million and a half of    
poor sick and destitute patients have   
obtained  relief1 and the average of    
poor patients received within its wards 
is  now #a1ejj annually1 while #de1jjj  
out-patients resort thither from all    
parts of ,london4 ,the relief thus      
afforded costs some #h1jjj a year1 and  
this large sum has to be provided by    
appeals to the public for those         
contributions by which alone the        
continued effort can be sustained4      
,standing here within the ,moore ward1  
so called after the energetic  chairman 
before referred to1 ,i cannot think of  
any appeal that should be  more         
successful in securing public sympathy  

than these two  statements--,first1 that
 many of the inmates have been          
immediately  received on their own      
application2 and secondly1 that1 bearing
 in mind  the sad story which is1 as it 
were1 the story of the foundation of the
  hospital1 this ward is occupied by    
women4 ,many of them are persons of     
education and refinement1 who yet would 
have no asylum if they had not  been    
received within these sheltering walls1 
others may be poor1  ignorant1 and      
perhaps even degraded1 but divine       
charity is large enough  to recognise in
 these the very need which such an      
effort is intended to  alleviate4 ,here 
at least is a peaceful retreat1 where in
 quiet  reflection1 in grateful         
recognition of mercies yet within reach1
 in the  sound of pitying voices1 and   
the touch of sympathetic hands1 the     
weary  may find rest1 the throes of pain
 may be assuaged4    ,here are the two  
fundamental rules of the hospital1 and  
they form what  one might call a        

double-barrelled appeal not to be easily
 turned aside3--     ,,in-,,door        
,,patients4     ,foreigners1 strangers1 
and others1 in sickness or disease1     
having   neither friends nor homes1 are 
admitted to the ,wards of this ,hospital
   on their own application1 so far as  
the means of the charity will   permit4 
,,out-,,door ,,patients4     ,all sick  
and diseased persons1 having no other   
means of obtaining   relief1 may attend 
at this ,hospital every day at ,two     
o'clock1 when they   will receive       
,medical and ,surgical ,advice and      
,medicine free4    ,even while ,i read  
the latter announcement the out-patients
 are  assembling in the waiting-room1 on
 the right of the quadrangle2 the       
dispenser1 in his repository of drugs1  
surrounded by bottles1 jars1  drawers1  
and all the appliances for making up    
medicines1 has set his  assistants to   
work1 and is himself ready to begin the 
afternoon's duty2  the                  
consulting-physician of the day has just

 taken his seat in one plain            
barely-furnished apartment1 the         
consulting-surgeon in another1 while the
  resident house-surgeon has completed  
his first inspection of  in-patients1   
and is ready with particulars of new    
cases4    ,these rooms1 where patients  
assemble1 and doctors consult1 are on   
the  right of the pleasant quadrangle1  
with its large centre oval garden  plot1
 containing a double ring of trees2 and 
here also is the reception  room for    
accidents and urgent cases--a very      
suggestive room1 with  styptics1        
immediate remedies1 and prompt          
appliances ready to hand1 but  like all 
the rest of the official portion of the 
building1 very plain  and practical1    
with evidence of there being little time
 to regard mere  ease or ornament1 and  
of a disregard of anything which is not 
associated  with the work that has to be
 done4 ,it is the same with other       
apartments1  where it is obvious that no
 unnecessary expenditure is incurred for

 mere  official show4    ,the business  
of the place is to heal by means of     
food1 of rest1 and of  medicine1 and    
there1 on the left of the quadrangle1 a 
flight of steps  leads downwards to a   
wide area1 where1 in the kitchens1 the  
domestic  servants are busy clearing up1
 after serving the eighty-eight rations 
which have been issued for              
dinner--rations of fish1 flesh1 and     
fowl1 or  those special diets which are 
taken under medical direction4 ,there is
  something about this kitchen1 the     
store-rooms1 and offices1 with the      
steps leading thereto1 and the cat      
sitting blinking in the sun1 which      
irresistibly reminds me of the heights  
of ,dover and some portion of the       
barrack building there2 the old military
 look of the place clings to  this      
,gray's ,inn ,road establishment still1 
and the visitor misses the  wonderful   
appliances and mechanical adaptations of
 some more modern  institutions1 not    
even lifts to convey the dinners to the 

wards being  possible in such an        
edifice4    ,there is some compensating 
comfort in noting1 however1 that the    
nursing  staff is so organised as to    
secure personal attention to the        
patients1  and that the arrangements are
 touchingly homely1 not only in regard  
to  the simple furniture1 the few       
pictures and engravings1 and the little 
collection of books that are to be found
 in the wards1 but also in the  matter  
of sympathetic1 motherly1 and sisterly  
help1 which is less  ceremonious1 but   
not less truly loving1 than is to be    
found in some  places of higher         
pretensions4    ,here1 on the ground    
floor1 the twenty-two beds of the men's 
severe  accident ward are always full1  
and some of the cases are pitiable1     
including maiming by machinery1 railway 
accidents1 or injury in the  streets4   
,the ,marsden ,ward1 adjoining is       
devoted to injuries of a less  serious  
kind1 so that there many of the patients
 can help themselves4 ,in  the women's  

accident ward there are three or four   
children1 one of whom1  a pretty        
chubby-faced little girl of five years  
old1 has not yet got  over her          
astonishment at having been run over by 
a cab the day before  yesterday1 picked 
up and brought into this great room     
where most of the  people are in bed1   
only to hear that she is more frightened
 than hurt1  and is to go home tomorrow4
 ,there are some other little creatures1
  however1 suffering from very awkward  
accidents1 and they seem to be  petted  
and made much of1 just as they are in   
the women's sick ward  above1 where a   
delicate-faced intelligent girl1 herself
 improving  greatly under prompt        
treatment for an early stage of         
phthisis1 is  delighted to have a little
 companion to tea with her at her       
bed-side1  the child being allowed to   
sit up in a chair1 and the pair of      
invalids  being evidently on            
delightfully friendly terms4 ,there is a
 lower ward1  with half a dozen little  

beds devoted solely to children1 who    
are1 ,i  think1 all suffering from some 
form of disease of the joints4 ,alas6   
this  class of disease comes of foul    
dwellings1 of impure or stinted food1 of
  want of fresh air and water2 and it   
brings a pang to one's heart to note    
the smiling little faces1 the bright    
beaming eyes1 the pretty engaging       
grateful ways of some of these little   
ones1 and yet to know how long a  time  
it must be before the results of the    
evil conditions of their lives  will be 
remedied at the present rate of         
procedure2 how difficult a  problem it  
is to provide decent dwellings for the  
poor1 in a city where  neighbourhoods   
such as that which we have just         
traversed have grown like  fungi1 and   
cannot be uprooted without pain and loss
 which social  reformers shrink from    
inflicting4 ,thinking of this1 and of   
all that ,i  have seen in this ,royal   
,free ,hospital1 ,i am glad to carry    
away from it  the picture of this       

child's ward and its two young nurses1  
though ,i  could wish that the walls of 
that and all the other wards were a     
little  brighter with more pictures1    
that a fresh supply of books might soon 
be  sent to replenish the library1 and  
that the flowers1 that are so eagerly   
accepted to deck the tables of those    
poor sick rooms1 and carry thither  a   
sense of freshness1 colour1 and beauty1 
may come from the gardens and           
greenhouses of those who can spare of   
their abundance4 ,to keep the           
eighty-eight beds full requires constant
 dependence on public  contributions1   
and yet when we think of the work that  
is going on here1  not the eighty-eight 
only1 but the whole number of #ajb      
should be ready  for applicants1 who    
would1 even then1 be far too numerous to
 be received  at once in a hospital     
which1 with a royal freedom of          
well-doing1 sets an  example that might 
be hopefully followed by other and      
wealthier  charities for healing the    

sick4          ,,with ,,the ,,prisoner4 
,what is the first greeting which a     
convict receives when he or she is      
discharged from prison8    ,imagine1 if 
you can1 the shivering1 shrinking1      
bewildered feeling of the  man or woman 
who1 after1 undergoing a term of penal  
servitude1 some of  it passed in hours  
of solitary confinement1 has all this   
great city  suddenly opened again1 with 
its wilderness of streets1 its crowd of 
unfamiliar faces1 its tremendous        
temptations1 its few resources for the  
friendless and the suspected1 its great 
broad thoroughfares1 where on  every    
side may be seen evidences of wealth and
 plenty2 where the tavern  and the      
gin-shop offer a temporary solace to the
 wretched2 and where1  also1 in every   
neighbourhood1 there are evil slums in  
which vice finds  companionship1 and the
 career of dishonesty and crime can be  
resumed  without difficulty or delay4   
,those who have stood outside the walls 
of ,clerkenwell or ,coldbath ,fields    

prison1 and have watched the opening of 
the gates whence prisoners  emerge into 
a freedom which is almost paralysing in 
its first effects1  will tell you how   
the appearance of these poor wretches is
 greeted in  low muttered tones by      
silent slouching men and women who await
 their  coming4 ,how1 after very few    
words of encouragement and welcome1 they
 are  taken off to some adjacent        
public-house1 there to celebrate their  
liberation2 and how1 almost before a    
word is spoken1 the male prisoner  is   
provided with a ready-lighted pipe from 
the mouth of one of his  former         
companions1 in order that he may revive 
his sense of freedom by  the            
long-unaccustomed indulgence in tobacco4
    ,i should be very sorry to cavil at 
these marks of sympathy4 ,they are      
eminently human4 ,they do not always    
mean direct temptation--that is to  say1
 they are not necessarily intended to   
induce the recipient to resume  the evil
 course which has led to a long and     

severe punishment4 ,that the  result    
should be a gradual1 if not an          
immediate1 weakening of that  remorse   
which is too frequently sorrow for      
having incurred the penalty  rather than
 repentance of the sin that led to it1  
is obvious enough2 but  what else is to 
be expected8 ,not many men or women come
 out of gaol with  a very robust        
morality4 ,without entering into the    
question how far our  present system of 
prison discipline and management is     
calculated to  influence the moral      
nature of culprits who are under        
punishments for  various crimes1        
scarcely ever classified1 and never     
regarded in relation  to the particular 
circumstances under which they are      
committed or the  character and         
disposition1 the social status1 or the  
mental and moral  condition of the      
offender1 it may be broadly and barely  
stated that our  penal legislation is   
not effectual in promoting the          
reclamation of the  criminal4    ,even  

if some determination to begin life     
anew1 to avoid associations  that have  
led to infamy and disgrace to accept any
 labour anywhere in  order to obtain an 
honest subsistence1 has been working in 
the mind of a  convict during the period
 of imprisonment1 and under the advice  
and  remonstrance of the chaplain and   
the governor1 what is to sustain such   
half-formed resolutions8 ,supposing even
 that the discharged prisoner has  been 
so amenable to the regulations of the   
gaol that he or she has had  placed to  
the credit account that weekly          
good-conduct money1 which1  when the    
term of punishment has ended1 amounts to
 a sum sufficient to  provide for       
immediate necessities1 where is         
employment to be looked for8  ,in what  
quarter is the owner of a few           
shillings--which may have to last  a    
week or more--to seek a lodging and a   
meal1 and that companionship  which must
 be one of the keenest longings of the  
newly-released and yet  solitary and    

half-dazed creature1 who is ready to    
receive with grateful  avidity any      
friendly greeting that promises relief  
from the long  monotony of the gaol8    
,surely1 then1 there can be few         
conditions which appeal more forcibly to
  ,christian beneficence than that of   
the captive who is released after       
having undergone a sentence of penal    
servitude1 part of which has been       
passed in solitary confinement4         
,whatever may have been the impressions 
made upon the mind during the period of 
punishment1 and the influence  exercised
 by instruction or exhortation1 the very
 fact of regaining  liberty1 the        
excitement of freedom1 and the          
uncertainty of the first  steps a man or
 woman is to take outside the prison    
walls1 will always  involve a danger1   
before which a very large proportion of 
released  convicts will succumb4        
,what1 then1 is being done in order to  
extend a helping hand to these1  who are
 among the most destitute and           

unfortunate2 who1 even if they have     
relatives1 may be ashamed to seek their 
aid1 or are doubtful of the  reception  
that awaits them1 while the only        
companionship which they can  claim at  
once1 and without question1 is that     
which will surround them  with almost   
irresistible incentives to a lawless    
life8    ,in the very centre of this    
vast metropolis1 at the point where its 
great  highways converge1 and yet in a  
modest quiet house standing a little    
back from the roar and turmoil of the   
main street1 we shall find what we      
seek4 ,here1 on the doorpost of ,no4    
#ci1 ,charing ,cross1 is the name of    
,the ,discharged ,prisoners' ,aid       
,society1 and in two or three offices on
  the first floor--one of which is1 in  
fact1 a reception-room for the          
discharged prisoners themselves--the    
work for which there is such a  constant
 and pressing need is steadily carried  
on1 under the direction  of a very      
distinguished committee1 of whom the    

treasurer is the ,hon4  ,arthur         
,kinnaird1 and the first honorary       
secretary1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,bayne ,ranken1  who
 is assisted by ,mr4 ,s4 ,whitbread and 
,mr4 ,l4 ,t4 ,cave4 ,in looking at  the 
names of the gentlemen who are concerned
 in this admirable effort1  you will    
have noticed that some of them are also 
associated with other  charitable       
organisations which we have visited     
together1 and notably  with those of    
that ,soho district where we last joined
 in the musical  diversions of the      
,newport ,market ,refuge4 ,as we enter  
this front office  at ,charing ,cross1  
we have a pleasant reminder of that     
occasion1 for we  are welcomed by the   
indefatigable performer on the cornet1  
who1 when we  last met him1 was making  
the hills resound in the upper room of  
the  old slaughter-house1 and carrying  
all his juvenile military band with  him
 in one resonant outburst of harmony    
that awoke the echoes as far as  ,seven 
,dials4 ,to-day he is carrying out his  

ordinary secretarial and  managerial    
duties1 as officially representing the  
,society1 about which  he can give us   
some information worth hearing4    ,but 
there are other visitors for whom       
preparation has already been made  in   
the next room--men dressed decently1 and
 yet having a certain  furtive1         
unaccustomed bearing1 as though they    
were not at the moment  quite used to   
their clothes or to public observation4 
,some of them are  not without a        
truculent half-defiant expression       
lurking beneath their  subdued          
demeanour2 others have an open1 keen    
outlook2 and a few others1  again1 both 
in the shape of their head and the      
peculiar shifty  expression of eye and  
mouth1 and one might also say of hand1  
would at  once be characterised by the  
experienced observer of ,london life as 
men  who had been in trouble more than  
once4 ,on the table of the front  office
 the object which has at once attracted 
our attention is a  perfectly new       

carpenter's basket containing a decent  
set of tools1 and  the man for whom it  
is intended will be here for it         
by-and-by to take it  away1 just as the 
shoemaker who has just gone out has     
carried with him  a kit1 with which1 in 
addition to a little stock of money1 he 
is about  to begin the world afresh1    
under the auspices of his friends1 one  
of  whom--either a member of the        
committee1 or the secretary1 or one of  
the  visiting agents--will keep him in  
view1 and give him an occasional        
encouraging call while he remains in the
 metropolitan district4 ,if a  situation
 should be found for him in the         
provinces1 either the clergyman  of the 
district1 or some other friend of the   
,society1 is informed of his  previous  
history1 and has a sincere interest in  
his well-doing4 ,in no  case have the   
,london police anything whatever to do  
with watching or  inspecting discharged 
prisoners under the care of the         
,society2 and1 on  the other hand1 it is

 a standing rule that where situations  
are found  for these men and women1 the 
employers are informed of their previous
  history1 though any recommendation of 
the ,society may be regarded as a       
strong inference that their protg is    
trying to redeem lost  character4    ,it
 must be remembered that a report of    
each of those who are under the  care of
 the ,society is made at the office once
 a month1 either by the  man or woman in
 person1 or by one of the visiting      
agents or  correspondents of the        
committee of management2 and that1      
though the  police are forbidden to     
interfere with them1 except on strong   
suspicion  that they are about to commit
 a crime1 the most accurate and careful 
record of their mode of life and conduct
 is kept at the offices of the          
,society4 ,should they fail to observe  
the regulations which the ,society      
demands1 they are liable to police      
surveillance instead of friendly1       
encouraging1 and confidential           

visitation2 and it needs scarcely be    
said  that this liability is often of   
itself sufficient to make them desire to
  retain the aid and protection which   
has been extended to them4    ,from a   
long and tolerably intimate observation 
of the lower strata of  the ,london     
population1 and of the results of       
various methods adopted to  check the   
progress of crime1 ,i am convinced that 
what is called police  surveillance1 as 
it is conducted in this country1 is     
altogether  mischievous in relation to  
any probable reformation of the         
offender4  ,even if it be denied 7as it 
has been7 that it is a practice of      
police-constables to give to persons    
employing a discharged prisoner1        
information conveyed in such a way as to
 lead to the loss of employment  and    
despair of obtaining an honest living1  
it is quite certain that the  constant  
dread of being branded as a returned    
felon1 and the hopeless  dogged temper  
which such a condition produces1 must be

 enormous  obstacles to true            
reclamation4 ,the man who could really  
surmount them  must1 whatever may have  
been his casual crime1 be possessed of a
 hardy  and indomitable desire for      
virtue which should challenge our       
profound  respect4    ,but1 apart from  
what may be called legitimate           
surveillance of convicts  by the police1
 it is unfortunately notorious that     
members of the  force1 who occupy       
positions as detectives1 or active and  
intelligent  officers1 employ agents of 
their own to bring them information1 and
  that these agents1 being men of bad   
character--frequently thieves--are      
interested for their own safety's sake  
in providing charges1 or  putting up    
cases1 by conveying information of      
suspected persons4 ,this  is according  
to the old evil traditions that have    
descended to  constables from the time  
of ,jonathan ,wild1 and probably        
earlier2 but it  is obvious that where  
such nefarious tools are employed for   

obtaining  evidence which will suffice  
to sustain a charge and convict a       
prisoner1  there is constant danger to  
those who1 having been once sentenced   
for  crime1 are not only peculiarly     
liable to be drawn into fresh offences1 
but are1 from their position1 easily    
made the victims of cunningly-laid      
traps for their re-arrest1 on a         
suspicion that is readily endorsed1     
because of their previous conviction and
 the knowledge of all their             
antecedents4    ,it is the removal of   
discharged prisoners from this          
probability1 and  from the kind of      
interposition that forbids their return 
to the paths of  honesty1 and so        
actually produces a criminal class1 that
 is1 in my  opinion1 the best           
distinction of a ,society like this4    
,some of the volumes of interesting     
records which are preserved here  would 
probably doubtless confirm this view4   
,let us refer to one only1  where a     
nobleman residing in ,london had engaged

 a butler who went to him  with a very  
excellent character1 and in whom he had 
the greatest  confidence4 ,happening to 
have occasion to employ a detective     
constable  on some business1 his        
lordship was dismayed at receiving from 
that  astute officer the intelligence   
that his trusted servant had once been  
sentenced to five years' penal servitude
 for some dishonest act1 but had  been  
liberated on a ticket-of-leave4 ,puzzled
 how to proceed1 the  nobleman had the  
good sense to apply for advice to this  
,society1 where  it was discovered that 
the representation of the detective was 
true  enough1 and that the man had been 
recommended to a situation by the       
,society itself1 an intimation of his   
antecedents being given to the          
employer4 ,in that situation he had     
remained for several months1 without    
the least fault being brought against   
him1 and he then applied for and        
obtained the vacant and more lucrative  
appointment in the family of his        

lordship1 who1 though he acknowledged he
 should not have engaged him had  he    
known of his previous fault and its     
punishment1 kept his secret1 and        
retained him in his service1 where he   
remained at the time of the last        
report1 respected by the household1 and 
faithfully fulfilling his  duties4      
,probably this was one of those cases   
where1 yielding to sudden  temptation1 a
 man incurs for a single crime          
punishment that awakens  moral          
resolution2 and it must be remembered   
that there are many convicts  who1 while
 in prison they are practically         
undistinguished from the  habitual or   
the repeated criminal1 or from the      
convict of brutalised1  undeveloped1 or 
feeble moral nature1 are in danger of   
being utterly  ruined because of a      
single and perhaps altogether           
unpremeditated  offence1 of which they  
may bitterly repent4 ,the feeling of    
shame1 of  humiliation1 of doubt as to  
any but a cold and deterrent reception  

by  former friends1 the dread of scorn1 
derision1 or abhorrence1 may lead  such 
men or women to abandon as hopeless any 
expectation of resuming  their former   
avocations1 or even of once more        
attaining a respectable  position4 ,to  
such as these the ,society offers such  
aid as may keep them  from the          
despondency that destroys2 and in every 
case1 even in that of  the wretch who   
has been convicted again and again1 it  
holds out some  hope of reformation4    
,that there is some such hope may be    
learned from  the fact1 that even       
thieves--habitual criminals--do not1 as 
a rule1  bring their own children up to 
dishonesty1 and are often careful to    
conceal from them the means by which    
they live4 ,the ranks of crime are  not 
so largely augmented from the children  
of dishonest parents 7though1  of       
course1 evil example bears its dreadful 
results7 as from the  neglected children
 of our great towns4    ,but let us see 
what are the means adopted by the       

,society for helping  discharged        
prisoners4 ,of course the procedure must
 begin with the  prisoners themselves1  
in so far that they must express their  
willingness  to accept the aid offered  
to them1 and make known their decision  
to the  governor of the prison where    
they are confined1 and where the rules  
and  provisions of the ,society are     
displayed and explained4    ,this refers
 to the convict prisons1 since only     
these are eligible1 the  prisoners from 
county gaols being assisted by other    
organisations2  therefore1 discharged   
convicts from ,millbank1 ,pentonville1  
,portland1  ,portsmouth1 ,chatham1      
,parkhurst1 ,dartmoor1 ,woking1 and     
,brixton1 are able  to seek help2 and it
 is gratifying to know that1 according  
to the prison  returns1 of #a1egi male  
prisoners discharged from these places  
in one  year1 #gif sought aid from this 
and local provincial societies having   
the  same object1 the number of         
applicants to the ,london ,society being

 #ebd1  or nearly two-thirds of the     
whole4    ,on any convict1 male or      
female1 accepting the offer of the      
,society1 and  making that decision     
known to the governor of the prison1 the
 latter  forwards to this office at     
,charing ,cross a printed document1 or  
recommendation1 stating full particulars
 of the prisoner's age1 date of         
conviction1 number of previous          
convictions 7if any71 degree of         
education1 religion1 former trade or    
employment1 ability to perform  labour1 
and general character while in prison1  
together with the amount  of            
good-conduct money which is to be       
allowed for work performed during  the  
period of incarceration4 ,this          
good-conduct money may amount to a      
maximum sum of #c1 and the ,society     
takes charge of it for the benefit of   
the prisoner1 disbursing it only as it  
may be required1 and  supplementing it1 
when necessary1 by a further grant of   
money1 or even  by advances or loans as 

may be deemed desirable in certain      
cases4    ,these reports from the prison
 governor reach the office about six    
weeks  before the discharge of the      
convicts named in them1 and following   
them  come other papers1 each of which  
contains a graphic personal description 
of the prisoner referred to1 and a      
fairly-executed photograph1 which is    
usually not without certain striking    
characteristics1 though you will be     
surprised to find how often you fail to 
discover the lineaments which  you have 
associated in fancy with lawlessness and
 crime4 ,at the time of  their          
discharge1 the men and women are        
conducted hither by a  plainly-clothed  
messenger from the prison1 appointed for
 the purpose1  and take their places in 
yonder back room1 where they are        
immediately  identified by means of the 
descriptions and photographs1 and are   
then  questioned as to their            
capabilities and the particular         
employment in  which they desire to     

engage4 ,it is manifestly impossible    
that the  ,society can provide them with
 employment in the particular trades    
which  they may previously have         
followed1 since there may be no openings
 in  those industries1 or they may be   
such as would be obviously unsuitable   
for persons who are still on probation4 
,should the prisoner have friends or    
relatives able and willing to  receive  
or assist him1 they are communicated    
with1 but should he be  entirely        
dependent on personal exertion1 the     
agent or secretary at once  procures for
 him a decent outfit of clothes1 and a  
lodging as far as  possible from the    
scene of his former companions4 ,a small
 sum of money  is advanced for immediate
 subsistence1 and he usually has        
employment  provided for him1 either in 
a situation1 at manual labour1 or by    
being  set up in a small way at         
shoemaking1 tailoring1 or carpentering1 
either  as journeyman1 or1 where        
possible1 on his own account4    ,from  

six to twenty prisoners at a time are   
discharged from one or other  of the    
convict establishments and brought to   
the ,society's offices1 and  of the     
younger men a considerable proportion   
are assisted to go to sea1  others--but1
 alas6 too few--to emigrate1 while a    
number obtain work as  builders and     
contractors' labourers2 and others again
 resume former  occupations1 as potmen1 
waiters1 or employs in various          
situations1  where the masters are      
always 7if they take them on the        
recommendation of  the ,society7 fully  
apprised of their position4 ,a good many
 are set up  again as costermongers1 and
 in that case the agent of the ,society 
quietly accompanies them to market1 and 
advances the money for their  first     
purchases2 others go into the country   
and obtain work1 and not a  few of the  
better-educated or more skilled soon    
obtain engagements of  various kinds1 by
 personal application1 and without      
reference to the  ,society1 though they 

continue to report themselves1 and to be
 kept in  view by the agents1 and1 being
 separated from evil companionship1 and 
feeling that they are not altogether    
friendless1 retrieve their position  and
 regain an honourable reputation4    ,of
 #ead men and women who were received by
 the ,society during the year1  #ahj    
obtained employment in ,london and are  
doing well2 #aef were sent to  places   
beyond the metropolitan district1 and   
were placed under the  supervision of   
the local police2 #cb were sent to      
relatives and friends  abroad2 #eg      
obtained berths on board ship2 #ej had  
failed to report and  notify their      
change of address as required by ,act of
 ,parliament2 #bc had  been             
re-convicted2 #f were not satisfactorily
 reported on2 one had died2  and #i1 who
 had been recently discharged at the end
 of the year1 were  waiting for         
employment at the time of the ,report4  
,to read the ,report  ,book1 recording  
the visits of the agents or secretary to

 men employed in  various avocations1   
and to their friends or relatives1 is   
very  encouraging1 for it shows that of 
a large proportion1 say seventy per     
cent41 there is a good hope of          
reclamation by their long continuance in
  industrious efforts to retain their   
situations and to work honestly in      
various callings2 while the reports of  
country cases by clergymen in the       
provinces is equally satisfactory1      
especially as they frequently record    
the return of the former convict to his 
family and friends1 amidst whom  he     
earns an honourable subsistence4    ,the
 female convicts1 who are also received 
at the office1 are1 if they  cannot be  
sent to relatives and friends1 mostly   
taken to a ,refuge1 which  has been     
established by the ,society at          
,streatham1 where they find a home      
until situations can be obtained for    
them2 and it is to the credit of  some  
earnest ladies who are willing to engage
 these discharged prisoners  as domestic

 servants that the result is often most 
favourable4 ,a very  large proportion of
 the women return to friends1 however4  
,of #ec who left  the ,refuge at        
,streatham last year1 #cj were received 
by friends1 #ah  obtained situations1 #c
 returned to ,millbank ,penitentiary1 #a
 emigrated1  and #a died1 #be remaining 
at the ,refuge at the time of the       
report4    ,in the case of these        
discharged female prisoners1 as well as 
for the  sake of those men who would    
eagerly seize an opportunity of         
beginning  life anew in a new country1  
it would be most desirable if greater   
facilities existed for promoting and    
assisting the emigration of such as     
gave satisfactory evidence of           
reformation of character4 ,the ,society 
finds its own funds1 supported by       
contributions from the public1 barely   
sufficient to maintain1 and insufficient
 largely to extend its useful  work4    
,one of the committee1 a resident in    
,canada1 has rendered  invaluable       

assistance to emigrants recommended to  
his notice by the  ,society4 ,the       
governor of ,dartmoor ,prison in his    
,report1 says3--    ,i cannot too       
strongly again express my conviction    
that an emigration  scheme connected    
with the ,aid ,societies would be an    
invaluable aid to  the restoration of   
many casual criminals to a position of  
respectability  and honesty4 ,it would  
be especially appreciated by those      
7unfortunately  a too numerous class7   
who had incurred the shorter sentences  
of penal  servitude as punishments for  
breaches of trust of various kinds4     
,these  men are often cast off by their 
respectable friends1 and1 from the      
shortness of their sentences1 are unable
 to earn the additional  gratuity4 ,with
 no lasting means of subsistence1 and an
 overstocked  market for their labour1  
it is not to be wondered at if such men 
speedily add a second conviction to     
their criminal career4 ,let us trust    
that practical steps will be taken to   

remove this difficulty4      ,,the      
,,end4      ,,billing ,,and ,,sons1     
,,printers1 ,,guildford1 ,,surrey4      
,january1 #ahgf4     ,,an ,,alphabetical
 ,,list   ,,of   ,,henry ,s4 ,,king     
,,co4',s   ,,publications4     #fe      
,cornhill1 and #ab ,paternoster ,row1   
,london1 ,january1 #ahgf4     ,a ,,list 
,,of   ,,henry ,s4 ,,king  ,,co4',s     
,,publications4      ,,abbey 7,henry74  
,,ballads ,,of ,,good ,,deeds1 ,,and    
,,other ,,verses4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,cloth   
gilt4 #es4    ,,adams 7,a4 ,l471 ,m4,a4 
,,field ,,and ,,forest ,,rambles ,,of ,a
 ,,naturalist ,,in ,,new ,,brunswick4   
,with    ,notes and ,observations on the
 ,natural ,history of ,eastern ,canada4 
#hvo41    cloth4 ,illustrated4 #ads4    
,,adams 7,f4 ,o471 ,h4,b4,m4's          
,secretary of ,embassy at ,paris1       
formerly ,h4,b4,m4's  ,charg            
d',affaires1 and ,secretary of ,legation
 at ,yedo4      ,,the ,,history ,,of    
,,japan4 ,from the ,earliest ,period to 
the ,present ,time4    ,new ,edition1   

revised4 ,demy #hvo4 ,in #b vols4 ,with 
,maps and ,plans4 #bas4    each4        
,,adams 7,w4 ,davenport1 ,jun47         
,,lyrics ,,of ,,love1 from ,shakespeare 
to ,tennyson4 ,selected and arranged    
by4 ,fcap4 #hvo41 cloth extra1 gilt     
edges1 #cs4 #f;d4    ,,adon4            
,,through ,,storm ,,and ,,sunshine4     
,illustrated by ,m4 ,e4 ,edwards1 ,a4   
,t4 ,h4    ,paterson1 and the ,author4  
#a vol4 ,crown #hvo4 ,price #gs4 #f;d4  
,a4 ,k4 ,h4 ,b4      ,a ,,scotch        
,,communion ,,sunday1 to which are added
 ,certain ,discourses    from a         
,university ,city4 ,by the ,author of   
,the ,recreations of a    ,country4     
,parson4 ,second ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 
#es4    ,,allen 7,rev4 ,r471 ,m4,a4     
,,abraham3 ,,his ,,life1 ,,times1 ,,and 
,,travels1 as told by a ,contemporary   
#chjj years ago4 ,post #hvo41 with ,map4
 ,cloth4 ,price #ajs4 #f;d4    ,,amos   
7,professor ,sheldon74      ,,the       
,,science ,,of ,,law4 ,second ,edition4 
,crown #hvo4 #es4      ,vol4 ,x4 of the 

,international ,scientific ,series4     
,,anderson 7,rev4 ,charles71 ,m4,a4     
,,church ,,thought ,,and ,,church       
,,work4 ,edited by4 ,containing articles
 by    the ,revs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,capes1       
,professor ,cheetham1 ,j4 ,ll4 ,davis1  
,harry ,jones1    ,brooke1 ,lambert1 ,a4
 ,j4 ,ross1 the ,editor1 and others4    
,second ,edition4    ,demy #hvo4 #gs4   
#f;d4      ,,words ,,and ,,works ,,in ,a
 ,,london ,,parish4 ,edited by4 ,second 
,edition4 ,demy    #hvo4 #fs4      ,,the
 ,,curate ,,of ,,shyre4 ,second         
,edition4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4      ,,new   
,,readings ,,of ,,old ,,parables4 ,demy 
#hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4    ,,anderson 7,colonel
 ,r4 ,p47      ,,victories ,,and        
,,defeats4 ,an ,attempt to explain the  
,causes which have    led to them4 ,an  
,officer's ,manual4 ,demy #hvo4 #ads4   
,,anson 7,lieut4-,col4 ,the ,hon4 ,a471 
,v4,c41 ,m4,p4      ,,the ,,abolition   
,,of ,,purchase ,,and ,,the ,,army      
,,regulation ,,bill ,,of #ahga4         
,crown #hvo4 #as4      ,,army ,,reserves

 ,,and ,,militia ,,reforms4 ,crown #hvo4
 #as4      ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,the     
,,supersessions4 ,crown #hvo4 #f;d4     
,,argyle 7,duke of74      ,,speeches    
,,on ,,the ,,second ,,reading ,,of ,,the
 ,,church ,,patronage 7,,scotland7      
,,bill ,,in ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,lords1 
,june #b1 #ahgd2 and ,earl of           
,camperdown's    ,amendment1 ,june #i1  
#ahgd1 placing the ,election of         
,ministers in the    hands of           
,ratepayers4 ,crown #hvo4 ,sewed4 #as4  
,,army ,,of ,,the ,,north ,,german      
,,confederation4      ,a ,brief         
,description of its ,organization1 of   
the ,different ,branches of    the      
,service and their rle in ,war1 of its  
,mode of ,fighting1 etc41    etc4       
,translated from the ,corrected         
,edition1 by permission of the          
author1 by ,colonel ,edward ,newdegate4 
,demy #hvo4 #es4    ,,ashantee ,,war    
7,the74      ,a ,popular ,narrative4 ,by
 the ,special ,correspondent of the     
,daily ,news4    ,crown #hvo4 #fs4      

,,ashe 7,t47 ,author of ,the ,sorrows of
 ,hypsipyle4      ,,edith2 ,,or1 ,,love 
,,and ,,life ,,in ,,cheshire4 ,sewed4   
#f;d4    ,,ashton 7,john74      ,,rough 
,,notes ,,of ,a ,,visit ,,to ,,belgium1 
,,sedan1 ,,and ,,paris1 in ,september1  
#ahgj-ga4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,,aunt ,,mary',s ,,bran ,,pie4      ,by 
the author of ,st4 ,olave's1 ,when ,i   
was a ,little ,girl1 etc4               
,illustrated4 #cs4 #f;d4                
,,sunnyland ,,stories4 ,fcap4 #hvo4     
,illustrated4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,being two
 of ,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,three  
and ,sixpenny ,series of    ,children's 
,books4    ,,aurora3 ,a ,volume of      
,verse4 #es4    ,,ayrton 7,j4 ,c47      
,a ,,scotch ,,wooing4 #b vols4 ,crown   
#hvo4      ,,bagehot 7,walter74         
,,physics ,,and ,,politics2 or1         
,thoughts on the ,application of the    
,principles of ,natural ,selection and  
,inheritance to ,political    ,society4 
,third ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4      
,volume ,,ii4 of the ,international     

,scientific ,series4      ,,the         
,,english ,,constitution4 ,a ,new       
,edition1 ,revised and ,corrected1 with 
an ,introductory ,dissertation on       
,recent ,changes and ,events4 ,crown    
#hvo4    #gs4 #f;d4      ,,lombard      
,,street4 ,a ,description of the ,money 
,market4 ,crown #hvo4 ,sixth            
,edition4 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,bain          
7,alexander71 ,,ll4,d4      ,,mind ,,and
 ,,body4 ,the ,theories of their        
,relation4 ,fourth ,edition4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #ds4      ,volume ,,iv4 of the    
,international ,scientific ,series4     
,,banks 7,mrs4 ,g4 ,linnus74            
,,god',s ,,providence ,,house4 ,crown   
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,one of the       
volumes of the ,cornhill ,library of    
,fiction4    ,,baring 7,t4 ,c471 ,m4,p41
 late ,fellow of ,brasenose ,college1   
,oxford4      ,,pindar ,,in ,,english   
,,rhyme4 ,being an ,attempt to render   
the ,epinikian    ,odes with the        
principal remaining ,fragments of       
,pindar into ,english    ,verse4 ,small 

quarto4 ,cloth1 #gs4    ,,barlee        
7,ellen74      ,,locked ,,out2 ,a ,tale 
of the ,strike4 ,with a ,frontispiece4  
#as4 #f;d4    ,,baynes 7,rev4 ,canon ,r4
 ,h471 ,editor of ,lyra ,anglicana1 etc4
      ,,home ,,songs ,,for ,,quiet      
,,hours4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 
,cloth extra1    #cs4 #f;d4       ,this 
may also be had handsomely bound in     
,morocco with gilt edges4    ,,becker   
7,bernard ,h47      ,,the ,,scientific  
,,societies ,,of ,,london4 #a vol4      
,crown #hvo4 #es4    ,,bennett 7,dr4 ,w4
 ,c47      ,,songs ,,for ,,sailors4     
,dedicated by ,special ,request to      
,h4,r4,h4 the ,duke    of ,edinburgh4   
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,with ,steel    
,portrait and    ,illustrations4        
,an ,edition in ,illustrated ,paper     
,covers1 #as4      ,,baby ,,may1 ,,home 
,,poems ,,and ,,ballads4 ,with          
,frontispiece4 ,cloth elegant4    ,crown
 #hvo4 #fs4      ,,baby ,,may ,,and     
,,home ,,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,sewed in  
,coloured ,wrapper4 #as4                

,,narrative ,,poems ,,and ,,ballads4    
,fcap4 #hvo4 ,sewed in ,coloured        
,wrapper4    #as4    ,,bennie 7,rev4    
,jas4 ,noble71 ,m4,a4      ,,the        
,,eternal ,,life4 ,sermons preached     
during the last twelve years4    ,crown 
#hvo4 #fs4    ,,bernard 7,bayle74       
,,samuel ,,lover1 ,,the ,,life ,,and    
,,unpublished ,,works ,,of4 ,in #b vols4
 ,post    #hvo4 ,with a ,steel          
,portrait4 #bas4    ,,betham-,,edwards  
7,miss ,m47      ,,kitty4 ,crown #hvo4  
,with a ,frontispiece4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,one of the volumes of the ,cornhill    
,library of ,fiction4                   
,,mademoiselle ,,josephine',s ,,fridays1
 ,,and ,,other ,,stories4 ,crown #hvo4  
#gs4 #f;d4    ,,biscoe 7,a4 ,c47        
,,the ,,earls ,,of ,,middleton1 ,lords  
of ,clermont and of ,fettercairn1 and   
the ,middleton ,family4 #a vol4 ,crown  
#hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4    ,,blanc 7,henry71  
,m4,d4      ,,cholera3 ,,how ,,to       
,,avoid ,,and ,,treat ,,it4 ,popular and
 ,practical ,notes4    ,crown #hvo4 #ds4

 #f;d4    ,,blume 7,major ,william74    
,,the ,,operations ,,of ,,the ,,german  
,,armies ,,in ,,france1 from ,sedan to  
the end    of the war of #ahgj-ga4 ,with
 ,map4 ,from the ,journals of the       
,head-quarters ,staff4 ,translated by   
the late ,e4 ,m4 ,jones1 ,maj4 #bjth    
,foot1 ,prof4 of ,mil4 ,hist41          
,sandhurst4 ,demy #hvo4 #is4            
,,boguslawski 7,captain ,a4 von74       
,,tactical ,,deductions ,,from ,,the    
,,war ,,of #ahgj-ga4 ,translated by     
,colonel    ,sir ,lumley ,graham1       
,bart41 late #ahth 7,royal ,irish7      
,regiment4 ,third    ,edition1 ,revised 
and ,corrected4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4      ,a
 volume of ,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's  
,series of ,military ,works4            
,,bonwick 7,james74      ,,the          
,,tasmanian ,,lily4 ,cr4 #hvo4 ,with    
,frontispiece4 #es4      ,,mike ,,howe1 
,,the ,,bushranger ,,of ,,van           
,,diemen',s ,,land4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with  
,frontispiece4 #es4    ,,boswell 7,r4   
,b471 ,m4,a41 ,oxon4      ,,metrical    

,,translations ,,from ,,the ,,greek     
,,and ,,latin ,,poets1 and other        
,poems4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4    ,,bothmer  
7,countess ,von74      ,,cruel ,,as     
,,the ,,grave4 ,a ,novel4 #c vols4      
,,bowring 7,l471 ,c4,s4,i41 ,lord       
,canning's ,private ,secretary1 and for 
many  years ,chief ,commissioner of     
,mysore and ,coorg4      ,,eastern      
,,experiences4 ,illustrated with ,maps  
and ,diagrams4 ,demy #hvo4    #afs4     
,,brave ,,men',s ,,footsteps4 ,by the   
,editor of ,men who have ,risen4 ,a     
,book of  ,example and ,anecdote for    
,young ,people4 ,with ,four             
,illustrations by ,c4  ,doyle4 ,third   
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,,brialmont 7,colonel ,a47      ,,hasty 
,,intrenchments4 ,translated by ,lieut4 
,charles ,a4 ,empsom1 ,r4,a4    ,with   
nine ,plates4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4          
,,briefs ,,and ,,papers4 ,being         
,sketches of the ,bar and the ,press4   
,by ,two ,idle  ,apprentices4 ,crown    
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,brooke 7,rev4     

,stopford ,a471 ,m4,a41 ,chaplain in    
,ordinary to ,her ,majesty the  ,queen4 
,,the ,,late ,,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,robertson1
 ,m4,a41 ,,life ,,and ,,letters ,,of4   
,edited by    ,stopford ,brooke1 ,m4,a4 
,i4 ,in #b vols41 uniform with the      
,sermons4 ,steel ,portrait4 #gs4 #f;d4  
,,ii4 ,library ,edition4 #hvo4 ,two     
,steel ,portraits4 #abs4        ,,iii4  
,a ,popular ,edition1 in #a vol4 #hvo4  
#fs4      ,,theology ,,in ,,the         
,,english ,,poets4--,,cowper1           
,,coleridge1 ,,wordsworth1 and          
,,burns4 ,second ,edition4 ,post #hvo4  
#is4      ,,christ ,,in ,,modern ,,life4
 ,sermons ,preached in ,st4 ,james's    
,chapel1 ,york    ,street1 ,london4     
,eighth ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4     
#f;d4      ,,freedom ,,in ,,the ,,church
 ,,of ,,england4 ,six ,sermons suggested
 by the    ,voysey ,judgment4 ,second   
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,,sermons ,preached in ,st4 ,james's    
,chapel1 ,york ,street1 ,london4 ,eighth
    ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4         

,,sermons ,preached in ,st4 ,james's    
,chapel1 ,york ,street1 ,london4 ,second
    ,series4 ,second ,edition4 ,crown   
#hvo4 #gs4      ,,frederick ,,denison   
,,maurice3 ,the ,life and ,work of4 ,a  
,memorial ,sermon4    ,crown #hvo4      
,sewed4 #as4    ,,brooke 7,w4 ,g471     
,m4,a41 ,barrister-at-,law4      ,,the  
,,public ,,worship ,,regulation ,,act4  
,with a ,classified ,statement of    its
 ,provisions1 ,notes1 and ,index4 ,third
 ,edition1 revised and    corrected4    
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4     ,,six       
,,privy ,,council                       
,,judgments--#ahej-ahgb4 ,annotated by4 
,third ,edition4   ,crown #hvo4 #is4    
,,brown 7,rev4 ,j4 ,baldwin71 ,b4,a4    
,,the ,,higher ,,life4 ,its ,reality1   
,experience1 and ,destiny4 ,fourth      
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4       
,,the ,,doctrine ,,of ,,annihilation    
,,in ,,the ,,light ,,of ,,the ,,gospel  
,,of ,,love4    ,five ,discourses4      
,second ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4     
#f;d4    ,,brown 7,john ,croumbie71     

,,ll4,d41 etc4      ,,reboisement ,,in  
,,france2 or1 ,records of the           
,replanting of the ,alps1    the        
,cevennes1 and the ,pyrenees with       
,trees1 ,herbage1 and ,bush1 with a     
view to arresting and preventing the    
destructive consequences and    effects 
of ,torrents4 #a vol4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 
#f;d4      ,,the ,,hydrology ,,of       
,,southern ,,africa4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4  
#f;d4    ,,browne 7,rev4 ,marmaduke ,e47
      ,,until ,,the ,,day ,,dawn4 ,four 
,advent ,lectures delivered in the      
,episcopal    ,chapel1 ,milverton1      
,warwickshire1 on the ,sunday evenings  
during ,advent1    #ahgj4 ,crown #hvo4  
#bs4 #f;d4    ,,bryant 7,william        
,cullen74      ,,poems4 ,red-line       
,edition4 ,handsomely bound4 ,with #bd  
,illustrations and    ,portrait of the  
,author4 #gs4 #f;d4      ,a ,cheaper    
,edition1 with ,frontispiece4 #cs4 #f;d4
    ,,buchanan 7,robert74               
,,poetical ,,works4 ,collected ,edition1
 in #c ,vols41 price #fs4 each4         

,vol4 ,i4--,ballads and ,romances2      
,ballads and ,poems of ,life1 and a     
,portrait of the ,author4        ,vol4  
,,ii4--,ballads and ,poems of ,life2    
,allegories and ,sonnets4        ,vol4  
,,iii4--,cruiskeen ,sonnets2 ,book of   
,orm2 ,political ,mystics4              
,,master-,,spirits4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4   
#f;d4    ,,bulkeley 7,rev4 ,henry ,j47  
,,walled ,,in1 and other ,poems4 ,crown 
#hvo4 #es4    ,,bunn,,tt 7,f4 ,e47      
,,leonora ,,christina1 ,,memoirs ,,of1  
,daughter of ,christian ,,iv4 of        
,denmark2    ,written during her        
,imprisonment in the ,blue ,tower of the
 ,royal ,palace    at ,copenhagen1      
#affc-afhe4 ,translated by ,f4 ,e4      
,bunntt4 ,with an    ,autotype ,portrait
 of the ,princess4 ,medium #hvo4 ,a ,new
 and ,cheaper    ,edition4 #es4         
,,linked ,,at ,,last4 #a vol4 ,crown    
#hvo4      ,,under ,a ,,cloud2 ,,or1    
,,johannes ,,olaf4 ,by ,e4 ,d4 ,wille4  
,translated by ,f4    ,e4 ,bunntt4 #c   
vols4    ,,burton 7,mrs4 ,richard74     

,,the ,,inner ,,life ,,of ,,syria1      
,,palestine1 ,,and ,,the ,,holy ,,land4 
#b vols4 ,demy    #hvo4 #bds4           
,,butler 7,josephine ,e47      ,,john   
,,grey 7of ,dilston73 ,,memoirs4 ,by his
 ,daughter4 ,new and    ,cheaper        
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,,calderon4      ,,calderon',s ,,dramas3
 ,the ,wonder-,working ,magician--,life 
is a ,dream--,the    ,purgatory of ,st4 
,patrick4 ,translated by ,denis         
,florence ,mac,carthy4 ,post    #hvo4   
#ajs4    ,,camden 7,charles74           
,,hoity ,,toity1 ,,the ,,good ,,little  
,,fellow4 ,with ,eleven ,illustrations4 
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,,the      
,,travelling ,,menagerie4 ,with ,ten    
,illustrations by ,j4 ,mahoney4         
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,the above 
form part of ,henry ,s4 ,king  ,co4's   
,three and ,sixpenny ,series    of      
,children's ,books4    ,,carlisle 7,a4  
,d471 ,b4,a41 ,trin4 ,coll41 ,camb4     
,,round ,,the ,,world ,,in #ahgj4 ,a    
,volume of ,travels1 with ,maps4 ,new   

and    ,cheaper ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4   
#fs4    ,,carne 7,miss ,e4 ,t47         
,,the ,,realm ,,of ,,truth4 ,crown #hvo4
 #es4 #f;d4    ,,carpenter 7,e47        
,,narcissus ,,and ,,other ,,poems4      
,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4    ,,carpenter 7,w4   
,b471 ,,ll4,d41 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 etc4 
,,the ,,principles ,,of ,,mental        
,,physiology4 ,with their ,applications 
to the    ,training and ,discipline of  
the ,mind1 and the ,study of its ,morbid
    ,conditions4 #hvo4 ,illustrated4    
#abs4    ,,carr 7,lisle74      ,,judith 
,,gwynne4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4 ,second 
,edition4    ,,christopherson 7,the late
 ,rev4 ,henry71 ,m4,a41 ,assistant      
,minister at  ,trinity ,church1         
,brighton4      ,,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4 
,cloth4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,with an             
,introduction by ,john    ,rae1         
,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a4    ,,clayton        
7,cecil74      ,,effie',s ,,game2 ,,how 
,,she ,,lost ,,and ,,how ,,she ,,won4 ,a
 ,novel4 #b vols4    ,,clerk 7,mrs4     
,godfrey71 ,author of ,the ,antipodes   

and ,round the ,world4      ',,ilam ,,en
 ,,nas4 ,historical ,tales and          
,anecdotes of the ,times of the         
,early ,khalifahs4 ,translated from the 
,arabic ,originals4 ,illustrated    with
 ,historical and ,explanatory ,notes4   
,crown #hvo4 #gs4    ,,clery 7,c471     
,captain #cbnd ,light ,infantry1 ,deputy
 ,assistant  ,adjutant-,general1 late   
,professor of ,tactics ,royal ,military 
,college1  ,sandhurst4      ,,minor     
,,tactics4 ,demy #hvo4 ,second ,edition4
 ,with #bf ,maps and ,plans4    #afs4   
,,clodd 7,edward71 ,f4,r4,a4,s4         
,,the ,,childhood ,,of ,,the ,,world3 a 
,simple ,account of ,man in ,early      
,times4    ,new ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4  
#cs4      ,a ,special ,edition for      
,schools4 #as4      ,,the ,,childhood   
,,of ,,religions4 ,including a ,simple  
,account of the ,birth    and ,growth of
 ,myths and ,legends4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4 
,,coleridge 7,sara74      ,,pretty      
,,lessons ,,in ,,verse ,,for ,,good     
,,children1 with some ,lessons in       

,latin1 in ,easy ,rhyme4 ,a ,new        
,edition4 ,illustrated4 #cs4 #f;d4      
,,phantasmion4 ,a ,fairy ,romance4 ,with
 an ,introductory ,preface by the       
,right ,hon4 ,lord ,coleridge of ,ottery
 ,st4 ,mary4 ,a ,new ,edition4          
,illustrated4 #gs4 #f;d4      ,,memoir  
,,and ,,letters ,,of ,,sara ,,coleridge4
 ,edited by her ,daughter4 ,third       
,edition1 ,revised and ,corrected4 ,with
 ,index4 #b vols4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with    
,two ,portraits4 #bds4      ,cheap      
,edition4 ,with one ,portrait4 #gs4     
#f;d4    ,,collins 7,mortimer74         
,,the ,,princess ,,clarice4 ,a ,story of
 #ahga4 #b vols4      ,,squire          
,,silchester',s ,,whim4 ,by ,mortimer   
,collins1 ,author of ,marquis    and    
,merchant1 etc4 #c vols4      ,,miranda4
 ,a ,midsummer ,madness4 #c vols4       
,,the ,,inn ,,of ,,strange ,,meetings1  
,,and ,,other ,,poems4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4
      ,,the ,,secret ,,of ,,long ,,life4
 ,dedicated by special permission to    
,lord ,st4    ,leonard's4 ,fourth       

,edition4 ,large crown #hvo4 #es4       
,,collins 7,rev4 ,richard71 ,m4,a4      
,,missionary ,,enterprise ,,in ,,the    
,,east4 ,with special reference to the  
,syrian ,christians of ,malabar1 and the
 results of modern ,missions4 ,with     
,four ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4 
,,conway 7,moncure ,d47                 
,,republican ,,superstitions4           
,illustrated by the ,political ,history 
of    the ,united ,states4 ,including a 
,correspondence with ,m4 ,louis ,blanc4 
,crown #hvo4 #es4    ,,conyers          
7,ansley74      ,,chesterleigh4 #c vols4
 ,crown #hvo4    ,,cooke 7,m4 ,c471     
,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4      ,,fungi2 their    
,nature1 ,influences1 ,uses1 etc4       
,edited by the ,rev4 ,m4 ,j4            
,berkeley1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,second    
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with            
,illustrations4    #es4      ,being     
,vol4 ,,xiv4 of the ,international      
,scientific ,series4    ,,cooke         
7,professor ,josiah ,p471 of the        
,harvard ,university4      ,,the ,,new  

,,chemistry4 ,second ,edition4 ,with    
,thirty-one ,illustrations4    #es4     
,vol4 ,,ix4 of the ,international       
,scientific ,series4      ,,scientific  
,,culture4 ,crown #hvo4 ,cloth4 #as4    
,,cooper 7,t4 ,t47      ,,the ,,mishmee 
,,hills3 an ,account of a ,journey made 
in an ,attempt to    ,penetrate ,thibet 
from ,assam1 to open ,new ,routes for   
,commerce4 ,second    ,edition4 ,with   
,four ,illustrations and ,map4 ,demy    
#hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4    ,,cornhill         
,,library ,,of ,,fiction1 ,the4 #cs4    
#f;d4 per ,volume4                      
,,half-,a-,,dozen ,,daughters4 ,by ,j4  
,masterman4      ,,the ,,house ,,of     
,,raby4 ,by ,mrs4 ,g4 ,hooper4      ,a  
,,fight ,,for ,,life4 ,by ,moy ,thomas4 
,,robin ,,gray4 ,by ,charles ,gibbon4   
,,kitty4 ,by ,miss ,m4 ,betham-,edwards4
      ,,hirell4 ,by ,john ,saunders4    
,,one ,,of ,,two2 or1 ,the ,left-,handed
 ,bride4 ,by ,j4 ,hain ,friswell4       
,,ready-,,money ,,mortiboy4 ,a          
,matter-of-,fact ,story4      ,,god',s  

,,providence ,,house4 ,by ,mrs4 ,g4 ,l4 
,banks4      ,,for ,,lack ,,of ,,gold4  
,by ,charles ,gibbon4      ,,abel       
,,drake',s ,,wife4 ,by ,john ,saunders4 
,,cory 7,lieutenant-,colonel ,arthur74  
,,shadows ,,of ,,coming ,,events2 or1   
,the ,eastern ,menace4 ,crown #hvo4     
,cloth4    #es4    ,,cosmos4 ,a ,poem4  
,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4                 
,subjects4--,nature in the ,past and in 
the ,present--,man in the ,past    and  
in the ,present--,the ,future4          
,,cotton 7,robert ,turner74      ,,mr4  
,,carington4 ,a ,tale of ,love and      
,conspiracy4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4      
,,cummins 7,henry ,irwin71 ,m4,a4       
,,parochial ,,charities ,,of ,,the      
,,city ,,of ,,london4 ,sewed4 #as4      
,,curwen 7,henry74      ,,sorrow ,,and  
,,song3 ,studies of ,literary ,struggle4
 ,henry    ,mrger--,novalis--,alexander 
,petfi--,honor de ,balzac--,edgar ,allan
    ,poe--,andr ,chnier4 #b vols4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #aes4      ,,davidson 7,samuel71 
,d4,d41 ,,ll4,d4      ,,the ,,new       

,,testament1 ,,translated ,,from ,,the  
,,latest ,,greek ,,text ,,of            
,,tischendorf4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4  
,,davies 7,g4 ,christopher74            
,,mountain1 ,,meadow1 ,,and ,,mere3 a   
,series of ,outdoor ,sketches of ,sport1
    ,scenery1 ,adventures1 and ,natural 
,history4 ,with ,sixteen ,illustrations 
by ,bosworth ,w4 ,harcourt4 ,crown #hvo4
 #fs4      ,,rambles ,,and ,,adventures 
,,of ,,our ,,school ,,field ,,club4     
,crown #hvo4 ,with #d    ,illustrations4
 #es4    ,,davies 7,rev4 ,j4 ,llewelyn71
 ,m4,a4      ,,theology ,,and           
,,morality4 ,essays on ,questions of    
,belief and ,practice4    ,crown #hvo4  
#gs4 #f;d4    ,d',,anvers 7,n4 ,r47     
,,little ,,minnie',s ,,troubles4 ,an    
,every-day ,chronicle4 ,illustrated by  
,w4    ,h4 ,hughes4 ,fcap4 #cs4 #f;d4   
,a ,simple ,chronicle of a ,child's     
,life4    ,,de ,,kerkadec 7,vicomtesse  
,solange74      ,a ,,chequered ,,life1  
being ,memoirs of the ,vicomtesse de    
,leoville    ,meilhan4 ,edited by4      

,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4      ,containing
 many recollections of the ,first       
,emperor ,napoleon and his    ,court4   
,,de ,l',,hoste 7,colonel ,e4 ,p74      
,,the ,,desert ,,pastor1 ,,jean         
,,jarousseau4 ,translated from the      
,french of    ,eugne ,pelletan4 ,in     
fcap4 #hvo41 with a ,frontispiece4 ,new 
,edition4    #cs4 #f;d4      ,one of    
,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,three and  
,sixpenny ,books for the ,young4    ,,de
 ,,liefde 7,jacob74      ,,the ,,great  
,,dutch ,,admirals4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with  
,eleven ,illustrations by    ,townley   
,green and others4 #es4      ,one of    
,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,five       
,shilling ,books for the ,young4    ,,de
 ,,redcliffe 7,viscount ,stratford71    
,p4,c41 ,k4,g41 ,g4,c4,b4      ,,why    
,,am ,i ,a ,,christian8 ,fifth ,edition4
 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4    ,,de ,,tocqueville
 7,alexis74      ,,correspondence ,,and 
,,conversations ,,of1 ,,with ,,nassau   
,,william ,,senior4 #b    vols4 ,post   
#hvo4 #bas4    ,,de ,,vere 7,aubrey74   

,,alexander ,,the ,,great4 ,a ,dramatic 
,poem4 ,small crown #hvo4 #es4          
,,the ,,infant ,,bridal1 ,,and ,,other  
,,poems4 ,a ,new and ,enlarged ,edition4
    ,fcap4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4      ,,the  
,,legends ,,of ,,st4 ,,patrick1 ,,and   
,,other ,,poems4 ,small crown #hvo4 #es4
    ,,de ,,wille 7,e47      ,,under ,a  
,,cloud2 ,,or1 ,,johannes ,,olaf4 ,a    
,novel4 ,translated by ,f4 ,e4          
,bunntt4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4          
,,dennis 7,john74     ,,english         
,,sonnets4 ,collected and ,arranged4    
,fcap4 #hvo4 ,elegantly bound4   #cs4   
#f;d4    ,,dobson 7,austin74            
,,vignettes ,,in ,,rhyme ,,and ,,vers   
,,de ,,soci,t4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 
#hvo4    #es4    ,,donn 7,alphonse71    
,m4,d4      ,,change ,,of ,,air ,,and   
,,scene4 ,a ,physician's ,hints about   
,doctors1    ,patients1 ,hygiene1 and   
,society2 with ,notes of ,excursions for
 ,health in    the ,pyrenees1 and       
amongst the ,watering-places of ,france 
7,inland and    ,seaward71 ,switzerland1

 ,corsica1 and the ,mediterranean4 ,a   
,new ,edition4    ,large post #hvo4 #is4
    ,,dowden 7,edward71 ,,ll4,d4        
,,shakspere3 a ,critical ,study of his  
,mind and ,art4 ,post #hvo4 #abs4       
,,downton 7,rev4 ,henry71 ,m4,a4        
,,hymns ,,and ,,verses4 ,original and   
,translated4 ,small crown #hvo4 #cs4    
#f;d4    ,,draper 7,john ,william71     
,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,professor in the      
,university of ,new  ,york2 ,author of  
,a ,treatise on ,human ,physiology4     
,,history ,,of ,,the ,,conflict         
,,between ,,religion ,,and ,,science4   
,fifth ,edition4    #es4      ,vol4     
,,xiii4 of the ,international           
,scientific ,series4    ,,drew 7,rev4   
,g4 ,s471 ,m4,a41 ,vicar of ,trinity1   
,lambeth4      ,,scripture ,,lands ,,in 
,,connection ,,with ,,their ,,history4  
,second ,edition4    #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4  
,,nazareth3 ,,its ,,life ,,and          
,,lessons4 ,third ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4
 #es4      ,,the ,,divine ,,kingdom ,,on
 ,,earth ,,as ,,it ,,is ,,in ,,heaven4  

#hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4    ,,drew 7,rev4 ,g4  
,s471 ,m4,a4      ,,the ,,son ,,of      
,,man3 ,his ,life and ,ministry4 ,crown 
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,drewry 7,g4       
,overend71 ,m4,d4     ,,the             
,,common-,,sense ,,management ,,of ,,the
 ,,stomach4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,second        
,edition4 #bs4 #f;d4    ,,durand        
7,lady74      ,,imitations ,,from ,,the 
,,german ,,of ,,spitta ,,and            
,,terstegen4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4    ,,du  
,,vernois 7,colonel von ,verdy74        
,,studies ,,in ,,leading ,,troops4 ,an  
authorized and accurate ,translation by 
,lieutenant ,h4 ,j4 ,t4 ,hildyard1 #gast
 ,foot4 ,parts ,i4 and ,,ii4 ,demy #hvo4
    #gs4      ,this is one of ,henry ,s4
 ,king and ,co4's ,series of ,military  
,works4      ,e4 ,a4 ,v4      ,,joseph  
,,mazzini3 ,a ,memoir4 ,with ,two       
,essays by ,mazzini--,thoughts on       
,democracy1 and ,the ,duties of ,man4   
,dedicated to the ,working ,classes     
by ,p4 ,h4 ,taylor1 ,m4,p4 ,crown #hvo4 
,with ,two ,portraits4 #cs4 #f;d4       

,,eden 7,frederic74      ,,the ,,nile   
,,without ,a ,,dragoman4 ,second        
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4       
,,edwards 7,rev4 ,basil74      ,,minor  
,,chords2 ,,or1 ,,songs ,,for ,,the     
,,suffering3 a ,volume of ,verse4 ,fcap4
    #hvo4 ,cloth1 #cs4 #f;d42 paper1    
#bs4 #f;d4    ,,eiloart 7,mrs47         
,,lady ,,moretoun',s ,,daughter4 #c     
vols4 ,crown #hvo4    ,,english         
,,clergyman4      ,,an ,,essay ,,on     
,,the ,,rule ,,of ,,faith ,,and ,,creed 
,,of ,,athanasius4 ,shall the    ,rubric
 preceding the ,creed be removed from   
the ,prayer-book8 #hvo4    ,sewed4 #as4 
,,eros ,,agonistes4 ,poems4 ,by ,e4 ,b4 
,d4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4    ,,evans  
7,mark74      ,,the ,,story ,,of ,,our  
,,father',s ,,love1 told to ,children2  
being a ,new and    ,enlarged ,edition  
of ,theology for ,children4 ,fcap4 #hvo4
 #cs4 #f;d4      ,a ,,book ,,of ,,common
 ,,prayer ,,and ,,worship ,,for         
,,household ,,use1 compiled             
exclusively from the ,holy ,scriptures4 

,fcap4 #hvo4 ,cloth1 #bs4 #f;d4         
,,eyre 7,maj4-,gen4 ,sir ,vincent71     
,c4,b41 ,k4,c4,s4,i41 etc4      ,,lays  
,,of ,a ,,knight-,,errant ,,in ,,many   
,,lands4 ,square crown #hvo4 ,with ,six 
,illustrations4 #gs4 #f;d4      ,pharaoh
 ,land4  ,home ,land4  ,wonder ,land4   
,rhine ,land4      ,,faithfull 7,mrs4   
,francis ,g47      ,,love ,,me1 ,,or    
,,love ,,me ,,not4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4
    ,,farquharson 7,martha74        ,i4 
,,elsie ,,dinsmore4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4   
#f;d4       ,,ii4 ,,elsie',s ,,girlhood4
 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,,iii4    
,,elsie',s ,,holidays ,,at ,,roselands4 
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,these are 
volumes of ,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's  
,series of ,three and    ,sixpenny      
,books for the ,young4    ,,favre       
7,mons4 ,jules74      ,,the ,,government
 ,,of ,,the ,,national ,,defence4 ,from 
the #cjth ,june to the    #cast         
,october1 #ahgj4 ,the ,plain ,statement 
of a ,member4 #a vol4 ,demy #hvo4       
#ajs4 #f;d4    ,,fisher 7,alice74       

,,his ,,queen4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4    
,,forbes 7,archibald74      ,,soldiering
 ,,and ,,scribbling4 ,a ,series of      
,sketches4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4    #f;d4   
,,fothergill 7,jessie74      ,,healey4  
,a ,romance4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4      
,,fowle 7,rev4 ,t4 ,w471 ,m4,a4         
,,the ,,reconciliation ,,of ,,religion  
,,and ,,science4 ,being ,essays on      
,immortality1 ,inspiration1 ,miracles1  
and the ,being of ,christ4 ,demy #hvo4  
#ajs4 #f;d4    ,,fraser 7,donald71      
,accountant to the ,british-,indian     
,steam ,navigation  ,company1 ,limited4 
,,exchange ,,tables ,,of ,,sterling     
,,and ,,indian ,,rupee ,,currency1 upon 
a new    and extended system1 embracing 
,values from ,one ,farthing to ,one     
,hundred    ,thousand ,pounds1 and at   
,rates progressing1 in ,sixteenths of a 
,penny1    from #as4 #i;d4 to #bs4 #c;d4
 per ,rupee4 ,royal #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4   
,,frere 7,sir ,h4 ,bartle ,e471         
,g4,c4,b41 ,g4,c4,s4,i41 etc4      ,,the
 ,,threatened ,,famine ,,in ,,bengal2   

,how it may be ,met1 and the            
,recurrence of ,famines in ,india       
,prevented4 ,being ,no4 #a of           
,occasional    ,notes on ,indian        
,affairs4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with #c ,maps4  
#es4    ,,friswell 7,j4 ,hain74         
,,the ,,better ,,self4 ,essays for ,home
 ,life4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4               
,contents3--,beginning at ,home--,the   
,girls at ,home--,the ,wife's           
,mother--,pride in the                  
,family--,discontent and                
,grumbling--,domestic    ,economy--,on  
,keeping ,people ,down--,likes and      
,dislikes--,on ,falling    ,out--,peace4
      ,,one ,,of ,,two2 or1 ,the        
,left-,handed ,bride4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with
 a    ,frontispiece4 #cs4 #f;d4         
,being a ,volume of the ,cornhill       
,library of ,fiction4      ,,gardner    
7,john71 ,m4,d4      ,,longevity2 ,,the 
,,means ,,of ,,prolonging ,,life ,,after
 ,,middle ,,age4 ,third    ,edition1    
revised and enlarged4 ,small crown #hvo4
 #ds4    ,,garrett 7,edward74      ,,by 

,,still ,,waters4 ,a ,story for ,quiet  
,hours4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with ,seven       
,illustrations4 #fs4    ,,gibbon        
7,charles74      ,,for ,,lack ,,of      
,,gold4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with a            
,frontispiece4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,,robin  
,,gray4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with a            
,frontispiece4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,the     
above ,volumes form part of the         
,cornhill ,library of ,fiction4         
,,gilbert 7,mrs47      ,,mrs4 ,,gilbert1
 ,,formerly ,,ann ,,taylor1             
,,autobiography ,,and ,,other           
,,memorials    ,,of4 ,edited by ,josiah 
,gilbert4 ,in #b vols4 ,post #hvo4 ,with
 #b ,steel    ,portraits and several    
,wood ,engravings4 #bds4    ,,gill      
7,rev4 ,w4 ,w47      ,,myths ,,and      
,,songs ,,of ,,the ,,south ,,pacific4   
,with a ,preface by ,f4 ,max    ,mller1 
,m4,a41 ,professor of ,comparative      
,philology at ,oxford4 #a vol4    ,post 
#hvo4    ,,godkin 7,james74      ,,the  
,,religious ,,history ,,of ,,ireland3   
,primitive1 ,papal1 and ,protestant4    

,including the ,evangelical ,missions1  
,catholic ,agitations1 and ,church      
,progress of the last half ,century4 #a 
vol4 #hvo4 #abs4    ,,godwin 7,william74
      ,,william ,,godwin3 ,,his         
,,friends ,,and ,,contemporaries4 ,by   
,c4 ,kegan ,paul4 #b    vols4 ,demy     
#hvo4 ,with ,portraits4      ,,the      
,,genius ,,of ,,christianity ,,unveiled4
 ,being ,essays never before            
published4 ,edited1 with a ,preface1 by 
,c4 ,kegan ,paul4 #a vol4 ,crown #hvo4  
#gs4 #f;d4    ,,goetze 7,capt4 ,a4 von71
 ,captain of the ,prussian ,corps of    
,engineers  attached to the ,engineer   
,committee1 and ,instructor at the      
,military  ,academy4      ,,operations  
,,of ,,the ,,german ,,engineers ,,during
 ,,the ,,war ,,of #ahgj-ahga4           
,published by ,authority1 and in        
accordance with ,official ,documents4   
,translated from the ,german by ,colonel
 ,g4 ,graham1 ,v4,c41 ,c4,b41 ,r4,e4    
,demy    #hvo4 ,cloth4 ,with #f large   
,maps4 #bas4    ,,goodman 7,walter74    

,,cuba1 ,,the ,,pearl ,,of ,,the        
,,antilles4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4     
,,gosse 7,edmund ,w47      ,,on ,,viol  
,,and ,,flute4 ,with ,title-page        
specially designed by ,william ,b4      
,scott4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4    ,,granville
 7,a4 ,b471 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 etc4     
,,autobiography ,,of ,a4 ,b4            
,,granville1 ,f4,r4,s41 etc4 ,edited1   
with a brief    account of the          
concluding years of his life1 by his    
youngest ,daughter1    ,paulina ,b4     
,granville4 #b vols4 ,demy #hvo4 ,with a
 ,portrait4 #cbs4    ,,gray 7,mrs4      
,russell74      ,,lisette',s ,,venture4 
,a ,novel4 #b vols4 ,crown #hvo4 #bas4  
,,green 7,t4 ,bowden74      ,,fragments 
,,of ,,thought4 ,dedicated by permission
 to the ,poet ,laureate4    ,crown #hvo4
 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,greenwood 7,james71    
,the ,amateur ,casual4      ,,in        
,,strange ,,company2 or1 ,the ,note     
,book of a ,roving ,correspondent4      
,second ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4     
,,grey 7,john71 of ,dilston4      ,,john

 ,,grey 7of ,dilston73 ,,memoirs4 ,by   
,josephine ,e4 ,butler4 ,new and        
,cheaper ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4    
#f;d4    ,,griffith 7,rev4 ,t471 ,a4,m41
 ,prebendary of ,st4 ,paul's4           
,,studies ,,of ,,the ,,divine ,,master4 
,demy #hvo4 #abs4    ,,griffiths        
7,captain ,arthur74      ,,the          
,,queen',s ,,shilling4 ,a ,novel4 #b    
vols4 #bas4      ,,memorials ,,of       
,,millbank1 ,,and ,,chapters ,,in       
,,prison ,,history4 #b vols4 ,post      
#hvo4 #bas4 ,with ,illustrations4       
,,gruner 7,m4 ,l47      ,,studies ,,of  
,,blast ,,furnace ,,phenomena4          
,translated by ,l4 ,d4 ,b4 ,gordon1     
,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,f4,g4,s4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4
 #f;d4    ,,gurney 7,rev4 ,archer       
,thompson74      ,,words ,,of ,,faith   
,,and ,,cheer4 ,a ,mission of           
,instruction and ,suggestion4 #a    vol4
 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4      ,,first         
,,principles ,,in ,,church ,,and        
,,state4 ,demy #hvo4 ,sewed4 #as4 #f;d4 
,,haeckel 7,professor ,ernst71 of the   

,university of ,jena4      ,,the        
,,history ,,of ,,creation4 ,a ,popular  
,account of the ,development of the     
,earth and its ,inhabitants1 according  
to the ,theories of ,kant1 ,laplace1    
,lamarck1 and ,darwin4 ,the ,translation
 revised by ,professor ,e4 ,ray         
,lankester1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,with     
,coloured ,plates and ,genealogical     
,trees of    the various groups of both 
plants and animals4 #b vols4 ,post #hvo4
    #cbs4      ,,the ,,history ,,of     
,,the ,,evolution ,,of ,,man4           
,translated by ,e4 ,a4 ,van ,rhyn    and
 ,l4 ,elsberg1 ,m4,d4 7,university of   
,new ,york71 with ,notes and            
,additions sanctioned by the ,author4   
,post #hvo4    ,,harcourt 7,capt4 ,a4   
,f4 ,p47      ,,the ,,shakespeare       
,,argosy3 ,containing much of the wealth
 of    ,shakespeare's ,wisdom and ,wit1 
alphabetically arranged and classified4 
,crown #hvo4 #fs4    ,,haweis 7,rev4 ,h4
 ,r471 ,m4,a4      ,,speech ,,in        
,,season4 ,third ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 

#is4      ,,thoughts ,,for ,,the        
,,times4 ,eighth ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 
#gs4 #f;d4      ,,unsectarian ,,family  
,,prayers1 for ,morning and ,evening for
 a ,week1 with    short selected        
passages from the ,bible4 ,square crown 
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4    ,,hawthorne         
7,julian74      ,,bressant4 ,a ,romance4
 #b vols4 ,crown #hvo4 #bas4            
,,idolatry4 ,a ,romance4 #b vols4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #bas4    ,,hawthorne             
7,nathaniel74      ,,nathaniel          
,,hawthorne4 ,a ,memoir1 with ,stories  
now first published in    this country4 
,by ,h4 ,a4 ,page4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4     
#f;d4      ,,septimius4 ,a ,romance4    
,second ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #is4     
,,hayman 7,henry71 ,d4,d41 late ,head   
,master of ,rugby ,school4      ,,rugby 
,,school ,,sermons4 ,with an            
,introductory ,essay on the ,indwelling 
of the ,holy ,spirit4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 
#f;d4    ,,heathergate4 ,a ,story of    
,scottish ,life and ,character4 ,by a   
,new ,author4 #b  vols4 ,crown #hvo4    

#bas4    ,,hellwald 7,baron ,f4 ,von74  
,,the ,,russians ,,in ,,central ,,asia4 
,a ,critical ,examination1 down to the  
present time1 of the ,geography and     
,history of ,central ,asia4 ,translated 
by ,lieut4-,col4 ,theodore ,wirgman1    
,,ll4,b4 ,in #a vol4 ,large post #hvo4  
,with    ,map4 #abs4    ,,helvig        
7,captain ,hugo74      ,,the            
,,operations ,,oe ,,the ,,bavarian      
,,army ,,corps4 ,translated by ,captain 
,g4    ,s4 ,schwabe4 ,with ,five large  
,maps4 ,in #b vols4 ,demy #hvo4 #bds4   
,this is one of ,henry ,s4 ,king and    
,co4's ,series of ,military ,books4     
,,hinton 7,james71 late ,aural ,surgeon 
to ,guy's ,hospital4      ,,the ,,place 
,,of ,,the ,,physician4 ,being the      
,introductory ,lecture at ,guy's        
,hospital1 #ahgc-gd2 to which is added  
,,essays ,,on ,,the ,,law ,,of ,,human  
,,life1    ,,and ,,on ,,the ,,relation  
,,between ,,organic ,,and ,,inorganic   
,,worlds4 ,second    ,edition4 ,crown   
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,,physiology ,,for

 ,,practical ,,use4 ,by various writers4
 ,second ,edition4    ,with #ej         
,illustrations4 #b vols4 ,crown #hvo4   
#abs4 #f;d4      ,,an ,,atlas ,,of      
,,diseases ,,of ,,the ,,membrana        
,,tympani4 ,with ,descriptive ,text4    
,post #hvo4 #f #fs4      ,,the          
,,questions ,,of ,,aural ,,surgery4     
,post #hvo4 ,with ,illustrations4 #b    
vols4 #abs4 #f;d4    ,,hockley 7,w4 ,b47
      ,,tales ,,of ,,the ,,zenana2 or1  
,a ,nuwab's ,leisure ,hours4 ,by the    
,author of    ,pandurang ,hari4 ,with a 
,preface by ,lord ,stanley of ,alderley4
 #b vols4    ,crown #hvo4 #bas4         
,,pandurang ,,hari2 or1 ,memoirs of a   
,hindoo4 ,a ,tale of ,mahratta ,life    
sixty years ago4 ,with a ,preface by    
,sir ,h4 ,bartle ,e4 ,frere1            
,g4,c4,s4,i41    etc4 #b vols4 ,crown   
#hvo4 #bas4    ,,hoffbauer 7,captain74  
,,the ,,german ,,artillery ,,in ,,the   
,,battles ,,near ,,metz4 ,based on the  
official    reports of the ,german      
,artillery4 ,translated by ,capt4 ,e4   

,o4 ,hollist4    ,demy #hvo4 ,with ,map 
and ,plans4 #bas4      ,this is one of  
the volumes in ,henry ,s4 ,king and     
,co4's ,military ,series4    ,,holroyd  
7,major ,w4 ,r4 ,m471 ,bengal ,staff    
,corps1 ,director of ,public            
,instruction1 ,punjab4      ,,tas-,,hil 
,,ul ,,kalam2 or1 ,hindustani made      
,easy4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4    ,,hope      
7,lieut4 ,james74      ,,in ,,quest ,,of
 ,,coolies4 ,with ,illustrations4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #fs4    ,,hooper 7,mrs4 ,g47     
,,the ,,house ,,of ,,raby4 ,with a      
,frontispiece4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4  
,one of the volumes of the ,cornhill    
,library of ,fiction4    ,,hooper       
7,mary74      ,,little ,,dinners3 ,,how 
,,to ,,serve ,,them ,,with ,,elegance   
,,and ,,economy4 ,ninth    ,edition4 #a 
vol4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4      ,,cookery   
,,for ,,invalids4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4     
#f;d4    ,,hopkins 7,manley74      ,,the
 ,,port ,,of ,,refuge2 or1 ,counsel and 
,aid to ,shipmasters in    ,difficulty1 
,doubt1 or ,distress4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4 

,,howard 7,mary ,m471 ,author of        
,brampton ,rectory4      ,,beatrice     
,,aylmer1 ,,and ,,other ,,tales4 ,crown 
#hvo4 #fs4    ,,howard 7,rev4 ,g4 ,b47  
,,an ,,old ,,legend ,,of ,,st4          
,,paul',s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4      
,,howe 7,cupples71 ,master ,mariner4    
,,the ,,deserted ,,ship4 ,a real story  
of the ,atlantic4 ,illustrated by       
,townley ,green4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4
      ,one of ,henry ,s4 ,king and      
,co4's ,three and ,sixpenny ,books for  
the ,young4    ,,howell 7,james74       
,a ,,tale ,,of ,,the ,,sea1 ,,sonnets1  
,,and ,,other ,,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4
    ,,hughes 7,allison74                
,,penelope1 ,,and ,,other ,,poems4      
,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4    ,,hull       
7,edmund ,c4 ,p47      ,,the ,,european 
,,in ,,india4 ,a ,handbook of ,practical
 ,information for those    proceeding   
to1 or residing in1 the ,east ,indies1  
relating to ,outfits1    ,routes1 ,time 
for ,departure1 ,indian ,climate1 etc4  
,with a ,,medical ,,guide    ,,for      

,,anglo-,,indians4 ,by ,r4 ,r4 ,s4      
,mair1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,c4,s4,e41 late    
,deputy    ,coroner of ,madras4 ,second 
,edition1 ,revised and ,corrected4 ,in  
#a vol4    ,post #hvo4 #fs4             
,,humphrey 7,rev4 ,w471 of the          
,congregation of the ,oblates of ,st4   
,charles4      ,,mr4 ,,fitzjames        
,,stephen ,,and ,,cardinal ,,bellarmine4
 ,demy #hvo4 ,sewed4    #as4    ,,hutton
 7,james74      ,,missionary ,,life ,,in
 ,,the ,,southern ,,seas4 ,with         
,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4    #gs4    
#f;d4      ,,international ,,scientific 
,,series 7,the74          ,i4 ,,the     
,,forms ,,of ,,water ,,in ,,clouds ,,and
 ,,rivers1 ,,ice ,,and ,,glaciers4      
,by ,j4 ,tyndall1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4   
,with #ad ,illustrations4 ,fifth        
,edition4 #es4         ,,ii4 ,,physics  
,,and ,,politics2 or1 ,thoughts on the  
,application of              the        
,principles of ,natural ,selection and  
,inheritance to              ,political 
,society4 ,by ,walter ,bagehot4 ,third  

,edition4 #ds4        ,,iii4 ,,foods4   
,by ,edward ,smith1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,b41   
,f4,r4,s4 ,profusely                    
,illustrated4 ,third ,edition4 #es4     
,,iv4 ,,mind ,,and ,,body3 ,the         
,theories of their ,relation4 ,by       
,alexander              ,bain1 ,,ll4,d4 
,fourth ,edition4 ,with ,four           
,illustrations4 #ds4          ,v4 ,,the 
,,study ,,of ,,sociology4 ,by ,herbert  
,spencer4 ,fourth ,edition4             
#es4         ,,vi4 ,,on ,,the           
,,conservation ,,of ,,energy4 ,by       
,balfour ,stewart1 ,m4,d41              
,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,with #ad           
,engravings4 ,third ,edition4 #es4      
,,vii4 ,,animal ,,locomotion3 or1       
,walking1 ,swimming1 and ,flying4 ,by   
,j4              ,b4 ,pettigrew1 ,m4,d41
 ,f4,r4,s4 ,second ,edition4 ,with #aai 
,illustrations4 #es4       ,,viii4      
,,responsibility ,,in ,,mental          
,,disease4 ,by ,henry ,maudsley1 ,m4,d4 
,second ,edition4 #es4         ,,ix4    
,,the ,,new ,,chemistry4 ,by ,professor 

,j4 ,p4 ,cooke1 of the ,harvard         
,university4 ,second ,edition4 ,with #ca
 ,illustrations4 #es4          ,x4 ,,the
 ,,science ,,of ,,law4 ,by ,professor   
,sheldon ,amos4 ,second                 
,edition4 #es4         ,,xi4 ,,animal   
,,mechanism4 ,a ,treatise on            
,terrestrial and ,aerial                
,locomotion4 ,by ,professor ,e4 ,j4     
,marey4 ,with #aag                      
,illustrations4 ,second ,edition4 #es4  
,,xii4 ,,the ,,doctrine ,,of ,,descent  
,,and ,,darwinism4 ,by ,professor ,oscar
              ,schmidt 7,strasburg      
,university74 ,second ,edition4 ,with   
#bf              ,illustrations4 #es4   
,,xiii4 ,,the ,,history ,,of ,,the      
,,conflict ,,between ,,religion ,,and   
,,science4              ,by ,professor  
,j4 ,w4 ,draper4 ,fifth ,edition4 #es4  
,,xiv4 ,,fungi2 their ,nature1          
,influences1 ,uses1 etc4 ,by ,m4 ,c4    
,cooke1              ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4   
,edited by the ,rev4 ,m4 ,j4 ,berkeley1 
,m4,a41 ,f4,l4,s4              ,second  

,edition4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4
 #es4         ,,xv4 ,,the ,,chemical    
,,effects ,,of ,,light ,,and            
,,photography4 ,by ,dr4                 
,hermann ,vogel 7,polytechnic ,academy  
of ,berlin74 ,third                     
,edition1 translation thoroughly        
revised4 ,with #ajj                     
,illustrations4 #es4        ,,xvi4 ,,the
 ,,life ,,and ,,growth ,,of ,,language4 
,by ,william ,dwight ,whitney1          
,professor of ,sanskrit and ,comparative
 ,philology in ,yale                    
,college1 ,new ,haven4 ,second ,edition4
 #es4       ,,xvii4 ,,money ,,and ,,the 
,,mechanism ,,of ,,exchange4 ,by ,prof4 
,w4 ,stanley              ,jevons4      
,second ,edition4 #es4      ,,xviii4    
,,the ,,nature ,,of ,,light3 ,with a    
,general ,account of ,physical          
,optics4 ,by ,dr4 ,eugene ,lommel1      
,professor of ,physics in the           
,university of ,erlangen4 ,second       
,edition4 ,with #ahh                    
,illustrations and a table of ,spectra  

in ,chromolithography4              #es4
        ,,xix4 ,,animal ,,parasites     
,,and ,,messmates4 ,by ,monsieur ,van   
,beneden1              ,professor of the
 ,university of ,louvain1 ,correspondent
 of the              ,institute of      
,france4 ,with #hc ,illustrations4 #es4 
,,xx4 ,,the ,,five ,,senses ,,of ,,man4 
,by ,professor ,bernstein1 of the       
,university of ,halle4 ,crown #hvo4     
,,xxi4 ,,on ,,fermentation4 ,by         
,professor ,schutzenberger1 ,director of
              the ,chemical ,laboratory 
at the ,sorbonne4 ,crown #hvo4          
,illustration      ,,international      
,,scientific ,,series 7,the74           
,forthcoming ,volumes4      ,prof4 ,w4  
,,kingdon ,,clifford1 ,m4,a4 ,the ,first
 ,principles of the ,exact    ,sciences 
explained to the ,non-mathematical4     
,prof4 ,t4 ,h4 ,,huxley1 ,,ll4,d41      
,f4,r4,s4 ,bodily ,motion and           
,consciousness4      ,dr4 ,w4 ,b4       
,,carpenter1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,the   
,physical ,geography of the ,sea4       

,prof4 ,,william ,,odling1 ,f4,r4,s4    
,the ,old ,chemistry viewed from the    
,new    ,standpoint4      ,w4 ,,lauder  
,,lindsay1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,mind in
 the ,lower ,animals4      ,sir ,,john  
,,lubbock1 ,bart41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,on ,ants  
and ,bees4      ,prof4 ,w4 ,t4          
,,thiselton ,,dyer1 ,b4,a41 ,b4,sc4     
,form and ,habit in ,flowering          
,plants4      ,mr4 ,j4 ,n4 ,,lockyer1   
,f4,r4,s4 ,spectrum ,analysis4          
,prof4 ,,michael ,,foster1 ,m4,d4       
,protoplasm and the ,cell ,theory4      
,h4 ,,charlton ,,bastian1 ,m4,d41       
,f4,r4,s4 ,the ,brain as an ,organ of   
,mind4      ,prof4 ,a4 ,c4 ,,ramsay1    
,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,earth ,sculpture3  
,hills1 ,valleys1    ,mountains1        
,plains1 ,rivers1 ,lakes2 how they were 
,produced1 and how they    have been    
,destroyed4      ,prof4 ,,rudolph       
,,virchow 7,berlin ,univ47 ,morbid      
,physiological ,action4      ,prof4     
,,claude ,,bernard4 ,history of the     
,theories of ,life4      ,prof4 ,h4     

,,sainte-,,claire ,,deville4 ,an        
,introduction to ,general ,chemistry4   
,prof4 ,,wurtz4 ,atoms and the ,atomic  
,theory4      ,prof4 ,de ,,quatrefages4 
,the ,human ,race4      ,prof4          
,,lacaze-,,duthiers4 ,zoology since     
,cuvier4      ,prof4 ,,berthelot4       
,chemical ,synthesis4      ,prof4 ,j4   
,,rosenthal4 ,general ,physiology of    
,muscles and ,nerves4      ,prof4       
,,james ,d4 ,,dana1 ,m4,a41 ,,ll4,d4 ,on
 ,cephalization2 or1 ,head-,characters  
in the ,gradation and ,progress of      
,life4      ,prof4 ,s4 ,w4 ,,johnson1   
,m4,a4 ,on the ,nutrition of ,plants4   
,prof4 ,,austin ,,flint1 ,jr4 ,m4,d4    
,the ,nervous ,system1 and its ,relation
 to    the ,bodily ,functions4          
,prof4 ,,ferdinand ,,cohn 7,breslau     
,univ47 ,thallophytes 7,alg1 ,lichens1  
,fungi74      ,prof4 ,,hermann          
7,university of ,zurich74 ,respiration4 
,prof4 ,,leuckart 7,university of       
,leipsic74 ,outlines of ,animal         
,organization4      ,prof4 ,,liebreich  

7,university of ,berlin74 ,outlines of  
,toxicology4      ,prof4 ,,kundt        
7,university of ,strasburg74 ,on ,sound4
      ,prof4 ,,rees 7,university of     
,erlangen74 ,on ,parasitic ,plants4     
,prof4 ,,steinthal 7,university of      
,berlin74 ,outlines of the ,science of  
,language4      ,p4 ,,bert 7,professor  
of ,physiology1 ,paris74 ,forms of ,life
 and other    ,cosmical ,conditions4    
,e4 ,,alglave 7,professor of            
,constitutional and ,administrative ,law
 at    ,douai1 and of ,political        
,economy at ,lille74 ,the ,primitive    
,elements of    ,political              
,constitutions4      ,p4 ,,lorain       
7,professor of ,medicine1 ,paris74      
,modern ,epidemics4      ,mons4         
,,freidel4 ,the ,functions of ,organic  
,chemistry4      ,mons4 ,,debray4       
,precious ,metals4      ,prof4          
,,corfield1 ,m4,a41 ,m4,d4 7,oxon47 ,air
 in its relation to ,health4      ,prof4
 ,a4 ,,giard4 ,general ,embryology4     
,,ignotus4      ,,culmshire ,,folk4 ,a  

,novel4 ,new and ,cheaper ,edition4 ,in 
#a vol4 ,crown    #hvo4 #fs4            
,,ingelow 7,jean74      ,,the ,,little  
,,wonder-,,horn4 ,a ,second ,series of  
,stories ,told to a    ,child4 ,with    
,fifteen ,illustrations4 ,square #bdmo4 
#cs4 #f;d4      ,,off ,,the ,,skelligs4 
7,her ,first ,romance47 #d vols4 ,crown 
#hvo4 #dbs4      ,,jackson 7,t4 ,g47    
,,modern ,,gothic ,,architecture4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #es4    ,,jacob 7,maj4-,gen4 ,sir
 ,g4 ,le ,grand71 ,k4,c4,s4,i41 ,c4,b4  
,,western ,,india ,,before ,,and        
,,during ,,the ,,mutinies4 ,pictures    
drawn from    life4 ,second ,edition4   
,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,jenkins    
7,e47 and ,,raymond 7,j471 ,esqs4       
,a ,,legal ,,handbook ,,for             
,,architects1 ,,builders1 ,,and         
,,building ,,owners4    ,second ,edition
 ,revised4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4            
,,jenkins 7,rev4 ,r4 ,c471 ,m4,a41      
,rector of ,lyminge1 and ,honorary      
,canon of  ,canterbury4      ,,the      
,,privilege ,,of ,,peter1 ,legally and  

,historically ,examined1 and the        
,claims of the ,roman ,church compared  
with the ,scriptures1 the ,councils1    
and the ,testimony of the ,popes        
themselves4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4     
,,jenkins 7,edward71 ,m4,p4             
,,glances ,,at ,,inner ,,england4 ,a    
,lecture delivered in the ,united       
,states    and ,canada4 ,crown #hvo4    
#es4      ,,ginx',s ,,baby3 ,his ,birth 
and other ,misfortunes4 ,thirty-fourth  
,edition4    ,crown #hvo4 #bs4          
,,luchmee ,,and ,,dillo4 ,a ,story of   
,west ,indian ,life4 #b vols4 ,demy     
#hvo4    ,illustrated4                  
,preparing4      ,,little ,,hodge4 ,a   
,christmas ,country ,carol4 ,fourteenth 
,thousand4 ,with    ,five               
,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4       
,a ,cheap ,edition in paper covers1     
price #as4      ,,lord ,,bantam4        
,seventh ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4    
#f;d4    ,,jevons 7,prof4 ,w4 ,stanley74
      ,,money ,,and ,,the ,,mechanism   
,,of ,,exchange4 ,second ,edition4      

,crown #hvo4    #es4      ,vol4 ,,xvii4 
of the ,international ,scientific       
,series4      ,,kaufmann 7,rev4 ,m471   
,b4,a4      ,,socialism3 ,its ,nature1  
its ,dangers1 and its ,remedies         
considered4    ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4  
,,keating 7,mrs47      ,,honor ,,blake3 
,the ,story of a ,plain ,woman4 #b vols4
 ,crown #hvo4 #bas4    ,,ker 7,david74  
,,on ,,the ,,road ,,to ,,khiva4         
,illustrated with ,photographs of the   
,country    and its ,inhabitants1 and a 
copy of the ,official ,map in use during
 the    ,campaign1 from the ,survey of  
,captain ,leusilin4 #a vol4 ,post #hvo4 
#abs4      ,,the ,,boy ,,slave ,,in     
,,bokhara4 ,a ,tale of ,central ,asia4  
,crown #hvo4 ,with    ,illustrations4   
#es4      ,,the ,,wild ,,horseman ,,of  
,,the ,,pampas4 ,crown #hvo4            
,illustrated4 #es4      ,two of ,henry  
,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,five ,shilling    
,books for the ,young4    ,,king        
7,alice74      ,a ,,cluster ,,of        
,,lives4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4        

,,king 7,mrs4 ,hamilton74      ,,the    
,,disciples4 ,a ,new ,poem4 ,second     
,edition1 with some ,notes4 ,crown      
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4      ,,aspromonte1     
,,and ,,other ,,poems4 ,second ,edition4
 ,cloth4 #ds4 #f;d4    ,,kingsford      
7,rev4 ,f4 ,w471 ,m4,a41 ,vicar of ,st4 
,thomas's1 ,stamford ,hill2 late        
,chaplain ,h4 ,e4 ,i4 ,c4 7,bengal      
,presidency74      ,,hartham            
,,conferences2 or1 ,discussions upon    
some of the ,religious    ,topics of the
 ,day4 ,audi alteram partem4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4    ,,knight 7,annette  
,f4 ,c47      ,,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo4     
,cloth4 #es4      ,,lacordaire 7,rev4   
,pre74      ,,life3 ,conferences        
delivered at ,toulouse4 ,crown #hvo4 ,a 
,new and    ,cheaper ,edition4 #cs4     
#f;d4    ,,lady ,,of ,,lipari 7,the74   
,a ,poem in ,three ,cantos4 ,fcap4 #hvo4
 #es4    ,,laurie 7,j4 ,s471 of the     
,inner ,temple1 ,barrister-at-,law2     
formerly ,h4,m4  ,inspector of ,schools1
 ,england2 ,assistant ,royal            

,commissioner1 ,ireland2  ,special      
,commissioner1 ,african ,settlement2    
,director of ,public  ,instruction1     
,ceylon4      ,,educational ,,course    
,,of ,,secular ,,school ,,books ,,for   
,,india4      ,the following ,works are 
now ready3--      ,,the ,,first         
,,hindustani ,,reader4 ,stiff linen     
wrapper1 #f;d4      ,,the ,,second      
,,hindustani ,,reader4 ,stiff linen     
wrapper1 #f;d4      ,,geography ,,of    
,,india2 with ,maps and ,historical     
,appendix1 tracing the    growth of the 
,british ,empire in ,hindustan4 #abh pp4
 fcap4 #hvo4 ,cloth4    #as4 #f;d4      
,in the ,press3--      ,,elementary     
,,geography ,,of ,,india4      ,,facts  
,,and ,,features ,,of ,,indian          
,,history1 in a series of alternating   
,reading ,lessons and ,memory           
,exercises4    ,,laymann 7,captain71    
,instructor of ,tactics at the ,military
 ,college1  ,neisse4      ,,the         
,,frontal ,,attack ,,of ,,infantry4     
,translated by ,colonel ,edward         

,newdigate4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4     
,l4 ,d4 ,s4      ,,letters ,,from       
,,china ,,and ,,japan4 #a vol4 ,crown   
#hvo41 with ,illustrated    ,title-page4
 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,leander 7,richard74    
,,fantastic ,,stories4 ,translated from 
the ,german by ,paulina ,b4             
,granville4 ,with ,eight full-page      
,illustrations by ,m4 ,e4               
,fraser-,tytler4    ,crown #hvo4 #es4   
,one of ,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's     
,five ,shilling ,books for the ,young4  
,,leathes 7,rev4 ,stanley71 ,m4,a4      
,,the ,,gospel ,,its ,,own ,,witness4   
,being the ,hulsean ,lectures for #ahgc4
 #a    vol4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4    ,,lee  
7,rev4 ,frederick ,george71 ,d4,c4,l4   
,,the ,,other ,,world2 or1 ,glimpses of 
the ,supernatural4 ,being ,facts1       
,records1 and ,traditions1 relating to  
,dreams1 ,omens1 ,miraculous            
,occurrences1 ,apparitions1 ,wraiths1   
,warnings1 ,second-sight1 ,necromancy1  
,witchcraft1 etc4 #b vols4 ,a ,new      
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #aes4    ,,lee   

7,holme74      ,,her ,,title ,,of       
,,honour4 ,a ,book for ,girls4 ,new     
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with    a       
,frontispiece4 #es4    ,,lenoir 7,j47   
,,fayoum2 or1 ,artists in ,egypt4 ,a    
,tour with ,m4 ,grome and others4       
,crown #hvo4 ,a ,new and ,cheaper       
,edition4 ,with #ac ,illustrations4 #cs4
    #f;d4    ,,listado 7,j4 ,t47        
,,civil ,,service4 ,a ,novel4 #b vols4  
,crown #hvo4    ,,lorimer 7,peter71     
,d4,d4      ,,john ,,knox ,,and ,,the   
,,church ,,of ,,england3 ,his work in   
her ,pulpit and his    influence upon   
her ,liturgy1 ,articles1 and ,parties4  
,demy #hvo4 #abs4    ,,lover 7,samuel71 
,r4,h4,a4      ,,the ,,life ,,of        
,,samuel ,,lover1 ,r4,h4,a42 ,artistic1 
,literary1 and ,musical4    ,with       
,selections from his ,unpublished       
,papers and ,correspondence4 ,by        
,bayle ,bernard4 #b vols4 ,post #hvo4   
,with a ,portrait4 #bas4    ,,lower     
7,mark ,antony71 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4      
,,wayside ,,notes ,,in ,,scandinavia4   

,being ,notes of ,travel in the ,north  
of    ,europe4 ,crown #hvo4 #is4        
,,lyons 7,r4 ,t471 ,surgeon-,major1     
,bengal ,army4      ,a ,,treatise ,,on  
,,relapsing ,,fever4 ,post #hvo4 #gs4   
#f;d4      ,,macaulay 7,james71 ,m4,a41 
,m4,d41 ,edin4      ,,ireland4 ,a ,tour 
of ,observation1 with ,remarks on ,irish
 ,public    ,questions4 ,crown #hvo4 ,a 
,new and ,cheaper ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4  
,,mac ,,carthy 7,denis ,florence74      
,,calderon',s ,,dramas4 ,translated from
 the ,spanish4 ,post #hvo4 ,cloth1      
gilt edges4 #ajs4    ,,mac ,,donald     
7,george74      ,,gutta-,,percha        
,,willie1 ,,the ,,working ,,genius4     
,with ,nine ,illustrations by    ,arthur
 ,hughes4 ,second ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4
 #cs4 #f;d4      ,one of ,henry ,s4     
,king and ,co4's ,three and ,sixpenny   
,books for the ,young4      ,,malcolm4  
,a ,novel4 ,second ,edition4 #c vols4   
,crown #hvo4      ,,st4 ,,george ,,and  
,,st4 ,,michael4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4  
,,my ,,sister ,,rosalind4 ,by the author

 of ,christina ,north4 ,a ,novel4 #b    
vols4    ,,mac ,,kenna 7,stephen ,j47   
,,plucky ,,fellows4 ,a ,book for ,boys4 
,with ,six ,illustrations4 ,second      
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,one of ,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's     
,three and ,sixpenny ,books for the     
,young4      ,,at ,,school ,,with ,,an  
,,old ,,dragoon4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with ,six
 ,illustrations4    #es4      ,one of   
,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,five       
,shilling ,books for the ,young4        
,,maclachlan 7,archibald ,neil          
,campbell71 ,m4,a4      ,,william       
,,augustus1 ,,duke ,,of ,,cumberland3   
being a ,sketch of his ,military        
,life and ,character1 chiefly as        
exhibited in the ,general ,orders of his
    ,royal ,highness1 #agde-agdg4 ,post 
#hvo4 ,with ,illustrations4 #aes4       
,,mair 7,r4 ,s471 ,m4,d41               
,f4,r4,c4,s4,e41 late ,deputy ,coroner  
of ,madras4      ,,the ,,medical ,,guide
 ,,for ,,anglo-,,indians4 ,being a      
,compendium of ,advice to    ,europeans 

in ,india1 relating to the ,preservation
 and ,regulation of    ,health4 ,with a 
,supplement on the ,management of       
,children in ,india4    ,crown #hvo4    
,limp cloth4 #cs4 #f;d4    ,,manning    
7,his ,eminence74      ,,essays ,,on    
,,religion ,,and ,,literature4 ,by      
various ,writers4 ,demy #hvo4    #ajs4  
#f;d4      ,,contents3--,the ,philosophy
 of ,christianity--,mystic ,elements of 
,religion--,controversy with the        
,agnostics--,a ,reasoning               
,thought--,darwinism brought to         
,book--,mr4 ,mill on ,liberty of the    
,press--,christianity in relation to    
,society--,the ,religious ,condition of 
,germany--,the ,philosophy of           
,bacon--,catholic ,laymen and           
,scholastic    ,philosophy4    ,,marey  
7,e4 ,j47      ,,animal ,,mechanics4 ,a 
,treatise on ,terrestrial and ,aerial   
,locomotion4    ,second ,edition4 ,with 
#aag ,illustrations4 #es4      ,volume  
,,xi4 of the ,international ,scientific 
,series4    ,,markewitch 7,b47          

,,the ,,neglected ,,question4           
,translated from the ,russian1 by the   
,princess    ,ourousoff1 and dedicated  
by ,express ,permission to ,her         
,imperial and    ,royal ,highness ,marie
 ,alexandrovna1 the ,duchess of         
,edinburgh4 #b vols4    ,crown #hvo4    
#ads4    ,,marriott 7,maj4-,gen4 ,w4    
,f471 ,c4,s4,i4      ,a ,,grammar ,,of  
,,political ,,economy4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4
    ,,marshall 7,hamilton74      ,,the  
,,story ,,of ,,sir ,,edward',s ,,wife4  
,a ,novel4 #a vol4 ,crown #hvo4 #ajs4   
#f;d4    ,,marzials 7,theophile74       
,,the ,,gallery ,,of ,,pigeons1 and     
other ,poems4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4   
,,masterman 7,j47      ,,half-,a-,,dozen
 ,,daughters4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with a      
,frontispiece4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,one of  
the ,cornhill ,library of ,fiction4     
,,maudsley 7,dr4 ,henry74               
,,responsibility ,,in ,,mental          
,,disease4 ,second ,edition4 #es4       
,vol4 ,,viii4 of the ,international     
,scientific ,series4    ,,maughan       

7,william ,charles74      ,,the ,,alps  
,,of ,,arabia2 or1 ,travels through     
,egypt1 ,sinai1 ,arabia1 and    the     
,holy ,land4 ,demy #hvo4 ,with ,map4 ,a 
,new and ,cheaper ,edition4 #es4        
,,maurice 7,c4 ,edmund74      ,,lives   
,,of ,,english ,,popular ,,leaders4 ,no4
 #a4--,,stephen ,,langton4 ,crown       
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4      ,no4 #b4--,,tyler1
 ,,ball1 and ,,oldcastle4 ,crown #hvo4  
#gs4 #f;d4    ,,medley 7,lieut4-,col4   
,j4 ,g471 ,royal ,engineers4      ,,an  
,,autumn ,,tour ,,in ,,the ,,united     
,,states ,,and ,,canada4 ,crown #hvo4   
#es4    ,,menzies 7,sutherland74        
,,memoirs ,,of ,,distinguished ,,women4 
#b vols4 ,post #hvo4    ,,micklethwaite 
7,j4 ,t471 ,f4,s4,a4      ,,modern      
,,parish ,,churches3 ,their ,plan1      
,design1 and ,furniture4 ,crown    #hvo4
 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,mirus 7,major-,general 
von74      ,,cavalry ,,field ,,duty4    
,translated by ,major ,frank ,s4        
,russell1 #adth    7,king's7 ,hussars4  
,crown #hvo4 ,cloth limp4 #gs4 #f;d4    

,this work is one of ,henry ,s4 ,king   
and ,co4's ,military ,series4    ,,moore
 7,rev4 ,daniel71 ,m4,a4      ,,christ  
,,and ,,his ,,church4 ,a ,course of     
,lent ,lectures1 delivered in the       
,parish ,church of ,holy ,trinity1      
,paddington4 ,by the author of ,the ,age
    and the ,gospel3 ,hulsean ,lectures1
 etc4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4    ,,moore
 7,rev4 ,thomas71 ,vicar of ,christ     
,church1 ,chesham4      ,,sermonettes3  
on ,synonymous ,texts1 taken from the   
,bible and ,book of    ,common ,prayer1 
for the ,study1 ,family ,reading1 and   
,private ,devotion4    ,small ,crown    
#hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4    ,,morell 7,j4 ,r47  
,,euclid ,,simplified ,,in ,,method     
,,and ,,language4 ,being a ,manual of   
,geometry4 ,compiled from the most      
important ,french ,works1 approved by   
the ,university of ,paris and the       
,minister of ,public ,instruction4      
,fcap4    #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4    ,,morice  
7,rev4 ,f4 ,d471 ,m4,a41 ,fellow of     
,queen's ,college1 ,oxford4      ,,the  

,,olympian ,,and ,,pythian ,,odes ,,of  
,,pindar4 ,a ,new ,translation in       
,english ,verse4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4
    ,,morley 7,susan74      ,,aileen    
,,ferrers4 ,a ,novel4 #b vols4 ,crown   
#hvo4      ,,throstlethwaite4 ,a ,novel4
 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4    ,,morse       
7,edward ,s471 ,ph4 ,d41 late ,professor
 of ,comparative ,anatomy and  ,zoology 
in ,bowdoin ,college4      ,,first      
,,book ,,of ,,zoology4 ,with numerous   
,illustrations4    ,,mostyn 7,sydney74  
,,perplexity4 ,a ,novel4 #c vols4 ,crown
 #hvo4    ,,musgrave 7,anthony74        
,,studies ,,in ,,political ,,economy4   
#fs4      ,,naak 7,john ,t471 of the    
,british ,museum4      ,,slavonic       
,,fairy ,,tales4 ,from ,russian1        
,servian1 ,polish1 and ,bohemian        
,sources4 ,with ,four ,illustrations4   
,crown #hvo4 #es4    ,,newman 7,john    
,henry71 ,d4,d4      ,,characteristics  
,,from ,,the ,,writings ,,of ,,dr4 ,j4  
,h4 ,,newman4 ,being    ,selections1    
,personal1 ,historical1 ,philosophical1 

and ,religious1 from    his various     
,works4 ,arranged with the ,author's    
personal approval4    ,second ,edition4 
,crown #hvo4 ,with ,portrait4 #fs4      
,a ,portrait of the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4  
,newman1 mounted for framing1 can be    
had1 price #bs4 #f;d4    ,,newman       
7,mrs47      ,,too ,,late4 ,a ,novel4 #b
 vols4 ,crown #hvo4    ,,noble 7,james  
,ashcroft74      ,,the ,,pelican        
,,papers4 ,reminiscences and ,remains of
 a ,dweller in the    ,wilderness4      
,crown #hvo4 #fs4    ,,norman ,,people  
7,the74      ,,the ,,norman ,,people1   
and their ,existing ,descendants in the 
,british    ,dominions and the ,united  
,states of ,america4 ,one handsome      
volume4 #hvo4    #bas4    ,,norris      
7,rev4 ,a47      ,,the ,,inner ,,and    
,,outer ,,life ,,poems4 ,fcap4 #hvo4    
#fs4    ,,notrege 7,john71 ,a4,m4       
,,the ,,spiritual ,,function ,,of ,a    
,,presbyter ,,in ,,the ,,church ,,of    
,,england4    ,crown #hvo4 ,red edges4  
#cs4 #f;d4      ,,oriental ,,sporting   

,,magazine 7,the74      ,,the ,,oriental
 ,,sporting ,,magazine4 ,a ,reprint of  
the first #e ,volumes1 in    #b         
,volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 #bhs4      ,,page 
7,h4 ,a47      ,,nathaniel ,,hawthorne1 
,a ,,memoir ,,of1 with ,stories now     
first published    in this country4     
,large post #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,page  
7,capt4 ,s4 ,flood74      ,,discipline  
,,and ,,drill4 ,four ,lectures delivered
 to the ,london ,scottish    ,rifle     
,volunteers4 ,cheaper ,edition4 ,crown  
#hvo4 #as4    ,,palgrave 7,w4 ,gifford74
      ,,hermann ,,agha4 ,an ,eastern    
,narrative4 #b vols4 ,crown #hvo4       
,cloth1 extra    gilt4 #ahs4    ,,parker
 7,joseph71 ,d4,d4      ,,the           
,,paraclete3 ,an ,essay on the          
,personality and ,ministry of the ,holy 
,ghost1 with some reference to current  
discussions4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4    ,,parr
 7,harriett74      ,,echoes ,,of ,a     
,,famous ,,year4 ,crown #hvo4 #hs4 #f;d4
    ,,paul 7,c4 ,kegan74                
,,goethe',s ,,faust4 ,a ,new            

,translation in ,rime4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4
      ,,william ,,godwin3 ,,his         
,,friends ,,and ,,contemporaries4 #b    
vols4 ,with    ,portraits4 ,demy #hvo4  
,,payne 7,john74      ,,songs ,,of      
,,life ,,and ,,death4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4 
,,payne 7,professor74      ,,lectures   
,,on ,,education4 #f;d4 each4        ,i4
 ,pestalozzi3 the ,influence of ,his    
,principles and ,practice4       ,,ii4  
,frbel and the ,kindergarten ,system4   
,second ,edition4      ,,iii4 ,the      
,science and ,art of ,education4        
,,iv4 ,the ,true ,foundation of ,science
 ,teaching4    ,,pelletan 7,eugne74     
,,the ,,desert ,,pastor1 ,,jean         
,,jarousseau4 ,translated from the      
,french4 ,by    ,colonel ,e4 ,p4 ,de    
,l',hoste4 ,with a ,frontispiece4 ,fcap4
 #hvo4 ,new ,edition4    #cs4 #f;d4     
,,penrice 7,major ,j471 ,b4,a4      ,a  
,,dictionary ,,and ,,glossary ,,of ,,the
 ,,ko-,,ran4 ,with copious ,grammatical 
,references and ,explanations of the    
,text4 #dto4 #bas4    ,,perceval 7,rev4 

,p47      ,,tamil ,,proverbs1 ,,with    
,,their ,,english ,,translation4        
,containing upwards    of ,six ,thousand
 ,proverbs4 ,third ,edition4 #hvo4      
,sewed4 #is4    ,,perrier 7,amelia74    
,a ,,winter ,,in ,,morocco4 ,with ,four 
,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 ,a ,new and
    ,cheaper ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4       
,a ,,good ,,match4 ,a ,novel4 #b vols4  
,crown #hvo4    ,,peschel 7,dr47        
,,mankind3 ,a ,scientific ,study of the 
,races and ,distribution of ,man1       
considered in their ,bodily ,variations1
 ,languages1 ,occupations1 and          
,religions4    ,,pettigrew 7,j4 ,b471   
,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4      ,,animal         
,,locomotion2 or1 ,walking1 ,swimming1  
and ,flying4 ,second    ,edition4 ,with 
#aai ,illustrations4 #es4      ,volume  
,,vii4 of the ,international ,scientific
 ,series4    ,,piggot 7,john71          
,f4,s4,a41 ,f4,r4,g4,s4                 
,,persia--,,ancient ,,and ,,modern4     
,post #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4    ,,poushkin   
7,alexander ,serguevitch74              

,,russian ,,romance4 ,translated from   
the ,tales of ,belkin1 etc4 ,by ,mrs4   
,j4 ,buchan ,telfer 7ne ,mouravieff74   
,cr4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,power        
7,harriet74      ,,our ,,invalids3 ,,how
 ,,shall ,,we ,,employ ,,and ,,amuse    
,,them8 ,fcap #hvo4 #bs4    #f;d4       
,,powlett 7,lieut4 ,norton71 ,royal     
,artillery4      ,,eastern ,,legends    
,,and ,,stories ,,in ,,english ,,verse4 
,crown #hvo4 #es4    ,,presbyter4       
,,unfoldings ,,of ,,christian ,,hope4   
,an ,essay showing that the ,doctrine   
contained in the ,damnatory ,clauses of 
the ,creed commonly called              
,athanasian is unscriptural4 ,small     
crown #hvo4 ,cloth4 #ds4 #f;d4          
,,price 7,prof4 ,bonamy74               
,,currency ,,and ,,banking4 ,one ,vol4  
,crown #hvo4 #fs4    ,,proctor 7,richard
 ,a47      ,,our ,,place ,,among        
,,infinities4 ,a ,series of ,essays     
contrasting our    little abode in space
 and time with the ,infinities around   
us4 ,to which    are added ,essays on   

,astrology1 and ,the ,jewish ,sabbath4  
,crown #hvo4    #fs4      ,,the         
,,expanse ,,of ,,heaven4 ,a ,series of  
,essays on the ,wonders of the          
,firmament4 ,with a ,frontispiece4      
,second ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4     
,,ranking 7,b4 ,montgomerie74           
,,streams ,,from ,,hidden ,,sources4    
,crown #hvo4 #fs4    ,,ready-,,money    
,,mortiboy4      ,,ready-,,money        
,,mortiboy4 ,a ,matter-of-,fact ,story4 
,crown #hvo4 ,with    frontispiece4 #cs4
 #f;d4      ,this is one of the volumes 
of the ,cornhill ,library of ,fiction4  
,,reaney 7,mrs4 ,g4 ,s47      ,,waking  
,,and ,,working2 ,,or1 ,,from ,,girlhood
 ,,to ,,womanhood4 ,with a              
,frontispiece4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4        
,one of ,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's     
,five ,shilling ,books for the ,young4  
,,sunbeam ,,willie1 ,,and ,,other       
,,stories1 for ,home ,reading and       
,cottage    ,meetings4 ,small square1   
uniform with ,lost ,gip1 etc4 #c        
,illustrations4    #as4 #f;d4           

,,reginald ,,bramble4      ,,reginald   
,,bramble4 ,a ,cynic of the ,nineteenth 
,century4 ,an    ,autobiography4 #a vol4
 ,crown #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4    ,,reid 7,t4
 ,wemyss74      ,,cabinet ,,portraits4  
,biographical ,sketches of ,statesmen of
 the ,day4 #a    vol4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 
#f;d4    ,,rhoades 7,james74            
,,timoleon4 ,a ,dramatic ,poem4 ,fcap4  
#hvo4 #es4    ,,ribot 7,professor ,th47 
,,contemporary ,,english ,,psychology4  
,la4 post #hvo4 #is4      ,an analysis  
of the views and opinions of the        
following metaphysicians1    as         
expressed in their writings3--,james    
,mill1 ,alexander ,bain1 ,john          
,stuart ,mill1 ,george ,h4 ,lewes1      
,herbert ,spencer1 ,samuel ,bailey4     
,,heredity3 ,a ,psychological ,study on 
its ,phenomena1 its ,laws1 its          
,causes1 and its ,consequences4 #a vol4 
,large crown #hvo4 #is4    ,,robertson  
7,the ,late ,rev4 ,f4 ,w471 ,m4,a4      
,,the ,,late ,,rev4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,robertson1
 ,m4,a41 ,,life ,,and ,,letters ,,of4   

,edited by    the ,rev4 ,stopford       
,brooke1 ,m4,a41 ,chaplain in ,ordinary 
to the ,queen4        ,i4 #b vols41     
uniform with the ,sermons4 ,with ,steel 
,portrait4 #gs4 #f;d4       ,,ii4       
,library ,edition1 in ,demy #hvo4 with  
,two ,steel ,portraits4 #abs4           
,,iii4 ,a ,popular ,edition1 in #a vol4 
#fs4      ,new and ,cheaper ,editions3--
      ,,sermons4        ,vol4   ,i4     
,small crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4           
,vol4  ,,ii4 ,small crown #hvo4 #cs4    
#f;d4        ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,small crown  
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4        ,vol4  ,,iv4    
,small crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4           
,,expository ,,lectures ,,on ,,st4      
,,paul',s ,,epistle ,,to ,,the          
,,corinthians4 ,small    crown #hvo4    
#es4      ,,an ,,analysis ,,of ,,mr4    
,,tennyson',s ,,in ,,memoriam4          
7,dedicated by    ,permission to the    
,poet-,laureate47 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4     
,,the ,,education ,,of ,,the ,,human    
,,race4 ,translated from the ,german of 
,gotthold ,ephraim ,lessing4 ,fcap4     

#hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4      ,the above ,works 
can also be had bound in half morocco4  
,a ,portrait of the late ,rev4 ,f4 ,w4  
,robertson1 mounted for framing1    can 
be had1 price #bs4 #f;d4      ,,notes   
,,on ,,genesis4 ,uniform with the       
,sermons4      ,,lectures ,,and         
,,addresses1 with other literary        
remains4 ,a ,new ,edition4    #es4      
,,ross 7,mrs4 ,ellen71 7,nelsie ,brook47
      ,,daddy',s ,,pet4 ,a ,sketch from 
,humble ,life4 ,square crown #hvo4      
,uniform    with ,lost ,gip4 ,with ,six 
,illustrations4 #as4    ,,roxburghe     
,,lothian4      ,,dante ,,and ,,beatrice
 ,,from #abhb ,,to #abij4 ,a ,romance4  
#b vols4 ,post #hvo4    ,cloth4 #bds4   
,,russell 7,william ,clark74            
,,memoirs ,,of ,,mrs4 ,l,,titia         
,,boothby4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4      
,,russell 7,e4 ,r47      ,,irving ,,as  
,,hamlet4 ,demy #hvo4 ,second ,edition4 
,sewed4 #as4      ,,sadler 7,s4 ,w471   
,r4,n41 ,author of ,marshall ,vavasour4 
,,the ,,african ,,cruiser4 ,a           

,midshipman's ,adventures on the ,west  
,coast4 ,a    ,book for ,boys4 ,with    
,three ,illustrations4 ,second ,edition4
 ,crown #hvo4    #cs4 #f;d4      ,one of
 ,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,three and 
,sixpenny ,books for the ,young4        
,,samarow 7,gregor74      ,,for         
,,sceptre ,,and ,,crown4 ,a ,romance of 
the ,present ,time4 ,translated by      
,fanny ,wormald4 #b vols4 ,crown #hvo4  
#aes4    ,,saunders 7,katherine74       
,,the ,,high ,,mills4 ,a ,novel4 #c     
vols4 ,crown #hvo4      ,,gideon',s     
,,rock1 and other ,stories4 #a vol4     
,crown #hvo4 #fs4      ,,joan           
,,merryweather1 and other ,stories4 #a  
vol4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4      ,,margaret  
,,and ,,elizabeth4 ,a ,story of the     
,sea4 #a vol4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4         
,,too ,,long ,,untold1 and other        
,stories4 #b vols4 ,crown #hvo4         
,,contents3--,too ,long ,untold--,the   
,harpers of ,men-y-don--,ida's          
,story--,little ,missy--,the ,shaken    
,nest4    ,,saunders 7,john74           

,,hirell4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with            
,frontispiece4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,,abel   
,,drake',s ,,wife4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with   
,frontispiece4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,these   
works form separate volumes of the      
,cornhill ,library of ,fiction4         
,,israel ,,mort1 ,,overman4 ,the ,story 
of the ,mine4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4     
,,schell 7,major von74      ,,the       
,,operations ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,army  
,,under ,,gen4 ,,von ,,goeben4          
,translated    by ,col4 ,c4 ,h4 von     
,wright4 ,four ,maps4 ,demy #hvo4 #is4  
,,the ,,operations ,,of ,,the ,,first   
,,army ,,under ,,gen4 ,,von ,,steinmetz4
    ,translated by ,captain ,e4 ,o4     
,hollist4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4       
,these works form separate volumes of   
,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,military   
,series4    ,,scherff 7,major ,w4 von74 
,,studies ,,in ,,the ,,new ,,infantry   
,,tactics4 ,parts ,i4 and ,,ii4         
,translated    from the ,german by      
,colonel ,lumley ,graham4 ,demy #hvo4   
#gs4 #f;d4      ,this work is one of    

,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,military   
,series4    ,,schmidt 7,prof4 ,oscar71  
,strasburg ,university4      ,,the      
,,doctrine ,,of ,,descent ,,and         
,,darwinism4 ,second ,edition4 #bf      
,illustrations4 #es4      ,being ,vol4  
,,xii4 of the ,international ,scientific
 ,series4      ,,handbook ,,of          
,,comparative ,,anatomy4 ,crown #hvo4   
,,scott 7,patrick74      ,,the ,,dream  
,,and ,,the ,,deed1 and other ,poems4   
,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4    ,,seeking ,,his    
,,fortune1 and other ,stories4          
,,seeking ,,his ,,fortune1 and other    
,stories4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with ,four      
,illustrations4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,one of 
,henry ,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,three and  
,sixpenny ,books for the ,young4        
,,senior 7,nassau ,william74            
,,alexis ,,de ,,tocqueville4            
,correspondence and ,conversations with 
,nassau    ,w4 ,senior1 from #ahcc to   
#ahei4 ,edited by ,m4 ,c4 ,m4 ,simpson4 
#b vols4    ,large post #hvo4 #bas4     
,,journals ,,kept ,,in ,,france ,,and   

,,italy4 ,from #ahdh to #aheb4 ,with a  
,sketch    of the ,revolution of #ahdh4 
,edited by his ,daughter1 ,m4 ,c4 ,m4   
,simpson4 #b    vols4 ,post #hvo4 #bds4 
,,seven ,,autumn ,,leaves4      ,,seven 
,,autumn ,,leaves ,,from ,,fairyland4   
,illustrated with #i ,etchings4         
,square crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4          
,,shadwell 7,major-,general71 ,c4,b4    
,,mountain ,,warfare4 ,illustrated by   
the ,campaign of #agii in               
,switzerland4 ,being a ,translation of  
the ,swiss ,narrative compiled from     
the ,works of the ,archduke ,charles1   
,jomini1 and others4 ,also of ,notes    
by ,general ,h4 ,dufour on the ,campaign
 of the ,valtelline in #afce4 ,with     
,appendix1 ,maps1 and ,introductory     
,remarks4 ,demy #hvo4 #afs4    ,,sheldon
 7,philip74      ,,woman',s ,a ,,riddle2
 or1 ,baby ,warmstrey4 ,a ,novel4 #c    
vols4 ,crown #hvo4    ,,sherman 7,gen4  
,w4 ,t47      ,,memoirs ,,of ,,gen4 ,w4 
,t4 ,,sherman1 ,commander of the        
,federal ,forces in    the ,american    

,civil ,war4 ,by ,himself4 #b vols4     
,demy #hvo4 ,with ,map4 #bds4           
,copyright ,english ,edition4           
,,shelley 7,lady74      ,,shelley       
,,memorials ,,from ,,authentic          
,,sources4 ,with 7now first printed7    
an ,essay on ,christianity by ,percy    
,bysshe ,shelley4 ,third ,edition4      
,crown    #hvo4 ,with ,portrait4 #es4   
,,shipley 7,rev4 ,orby71 ,m4,a4         
,,studies ,,in ,,modern ,,problems4 ,by 
various ,writers4 ,crown #hvo4 #b vols4 
#es4 each4      ,,contents4--,,vol4 ,i4 
,sacramental ,confession4    ,abolition 
of the ,thirty-nine ,articles4 ,part ,i4
    ,the ,sanctity of ,marriage4        
,creation and ,modern ,science4         
,retreats for ,persons ,living in the   
,world4    ,catholic and ,protestant4   
,the ,bishops on ,confession in the     
,church of ,england4                    
,,contents4--,,vol4 ,,ii4    ,some      
,principles of ,christian ,ceremonial4  
,a ,layman's ,view of ,confession of    
,sin to a ,priest4 ,parts ,i4 and ,,ii4 

,reservation of the ,blessed ,sacrament4
    ,missions and ,preaching ,orders4   
,abolition of the ,thirty-nine          
,articles4 ,part ,,ii4    ,the ,first   
,liturgy of ,edward ,,vi4 and our own   
office contrasted      and compared4    
,,smedley 7,m4 ,b47                     
,,boarding-,,out ,,and ,,pauper         
,,schools ,,for ,,girls4 ,crown #hvo4   
#cs4 #f;d4    ,,smith 7,edward71 ,m4,d41
 ,,ll4,b41 ,f4,r4,s4      ,,health ,,and
 ,,disease1 as influenced by the ,daily1
 ,seasonal1 and other    ,cyclical      
,changes in the ,human ,system4 ,a ,new 
,edition4 #gs4 #f;d4      ,,foods4      
,third ,edition4 ,profusely             
,illustrated4 #es4      ,volume ,,iii4  
of the ,international ,scientific       
,series4      ,,practical ,,dietary     
,,for ,,families1 ,,schools1 ,,and ,,the
 ,,labouring ,,classes4    ,a ,new      
,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,,consumption 
,,in ,,its ,,early ,,and ,,remediable   
,,stages4 ,a ,new ,edition4 #gs4        
#f;d4    ,,smith 7,hubert74      ,,tent 

,,life ,,with ,,english ,,gipsies ,,in  
,,norway4 ,with ,five full-page         
,engravings and ,thirty-one smaller     
,illustrations by ,whymper and others1  
and ,map of the ,country showing        
,routes4 ,second ,edition4 ,revised and 
,corrected4 #hvo4 #bas4    ,,songs ,,for
 ,,music4      ,,songs ,,for ,,music4   
,by ,four ,friends4 ,square crown #hvo4 
#es4      ,containing ,songs by         
,reginald ,a4 ,gatty1 ,stephen ,h4      
,gatty1 ,greville ,j4    ,chester1 and  
,juliana ,h4 ,ewing4    ,,some ,,time   
,,in ,,ireland4      ,,some ,,time ,,in 
,,ireland4 ,a ,recollection4 ,crown     
#hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,songs ,,of ,,two  
,,worlds4      ,,songs ,,of ,,two       
,,worlds4 ,by a ,new ,writer4 ,first    
,series4 ,second ,edition4    ,fcap4    
#hvo4 #es4      ,,songs ,,of ,,two      
,,worlds4 ,by a ,new ,writer4 ,second   
,series4 ,second ,edition4    ,fcap4    
#hvo4 #es4      ,,songs ,,of ,,two      
,,worlds4 ,by a ,new ,writer4 ,third    
,series4 ,second ,edition4    ,fcap4    

#hvo4 #es4    ,,spencer 7,herbert74     
,,the ,,study ,,of ,,sociology4 ,fourth 
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4      ,volume
 ,v4 of the ,international ,scientific  
,series4    ,,stevenson 7,rev4 ,w4      
,fleming74      ,,hymns ,,for ,,the     
,,church ,,and ,,home4 ,selected and    
,edited by the ,rev4 ,w4    ,fleming    
,stevenson4      ,the most complete     
,hymn ,book published4      ,the ,hymn  
,book consists of ,three ,parts3--,i4   
,for ,public ,worship4--,,ii4    ,for   
,family and ,private ,worship4--,,iii4  
,for ,children4       ,published in     
various forms and prices1 the latter    
ranging from #h;d4    to #fs4 ,lists and
 full particulars will be furnished on  
application to    the ,publishers4      
,,stewart 7,professor ,balfour74        
,,on ,,the ,,conservation ,,of ,,energy4
 ,third ,edition4 ,with ,fourteen       
,engravings4 #es4      ,volume ,,vi4 of 
the ,international ,scientific ,series4 
,,stonehewer 7,agnes74      ,,monacella3
 ,a ,poem4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,cloth1 #cs4    

#f;d4    ,,stretton 7,hesba74 ,author of
 ,jessica's ,first ,prayer4             
,,cassy4 ,twenty-fourth ,thousand4 ,with
 ,six ,illustrations4 ,square crown     
#hvo4 #as4 #f;d4      ,,the ,,king',s   
,,servants4 ,thirtieth ,thousand4 ,with 
,eight ,illustrations4    ,square crown 
#hvo4 #as4 #f;d4      ,,lost ,,gip4     
,forty-third ,thousand4 ,with ,six      
,illustrations4 ,square crown    #hvo4  
#as4 #f;d4       ,also a                
handsomely-bound ,edition1 with ,twelve 
,illustrations1 price    #bs4 #f;d4     
,,the ,,wonderful ,,life4 ,eighth       
,thousand4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4      
,,friends ,,till ,,death4 ,with         
,frontispiece4 ,limp cloth1 #f;d4       
,,two ,,christmas ,,stories4 ,with      
,frontispiece4 ,limp cloth1 #f;d4       
,,hester ,,morley',s ,,promise4 #c vols4
 ,crown #hvo4      ,,the ,,doctor',s    
,,dilemma4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4        
,,stubbs 7,lieut4-,col4 ,francis ,w471  
,royal 7late ,bengal7 ,artillery4       
,,the ,,regiment ,,of ,,bengal          

,,artillery3 ,the ,history of its       
,organization1    ,equipment1 and ,war  
,services4 ,with ,maps and ,plans4 #b   
vols4 #hvo4                             
,preparing4    ,,sully 7,james74        
,,sensation ,,and ,,intuition4 ,demy    
#hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4      ,,taylor 7,rev4  
,j4 ,w4 ,augustus71 ,m4,a4      ,,poems4
 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #es4    ,,taylor 7,sir    
,henry74      ,,edwin ,,the ,,fair ,,and
 ,,isaac ,,comnenus4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,a 
,,sicilian ,,summer ,,and ,,other       
,,poems4 #cs4 #f;d4    ,,taylor         
7,colonel ,meadows71 ,c4,s4,i41         
,m4,r4,i4,a4      ,,seeta4 ,a ,novel4 #c
 vols4      ,,the ,,confessions ,,of ,a 
,,thug4      ,,tara3 a ,mahratta ,tale4 
,,ralph ,,darnell4      ,,tippoo        
,,sultan4      ,a ,,noble ,,queen4 #c   
vols4 ,crown #hvo4      ,new and        
,cheaper ,edition in one vol4 crown     
#hvo4 with ,frontispiece4 ,each    #fs4 
,,tennyson 7,alfred74      ,,queen      
,,mary4 ,a ,drama4 ,new ,edition4 ,crown
 #hvo4 #fs4    ,,tennyson',s 7,alfred7  

,works4 ,cabinet ,edition4 ,ten         
,volumes4 ,each with  ,portrait4 #bs4   
#f;d4      ,,cabinet ,,edition4 #aj     
vols4 ,complete in handsome ,ornamental 
,case4 #bhs4    ,,tennyson',s 7,alfred7 
,works4 ,author's ,edition4 ,complete in
 ,five ,volumes4  ,cloth gilt1 #fs4     
each2 half-morocco1 ,roxburgh style1    
#gs4 #f;d4 each4      ,,early ,,poems1  
and ,,english ,,idylls4--,,vol4 ,i4     
,,locksley ,,hall1 ,,lucretius1 and     
other ,poems4--,,vol4 ,,ii4      ,,the  
,,idylls ,,of ,,the ,,king              
7,complete74--,,vol4 ,,iii4#d      ,,the
 ,,princess1 and ,,maud4--,,vol4 ,,iv4  
,,enoch ,,arden1 and ,,in               
,,memoriam4--,,vol4 ,v4                 
,,tennyson',s ,,idylls ,,of ,,the       
,,king1 and other ,poems4 ,illustrated  
by ,julia    ,margaret ,cameron4 #a vol4
 ,folio4 ,half-bound morocco1 cloth     
sides4 ,six    ,guineas4    #d ,on and  
after the #ast of ,january1 #ahgf1 the  
price of this volume will  be #gs4 #f;d4
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,,tennyson',s 7,alfred7 ,works4         
,original ,editions4      ,,poems4      
,small #hvo4 #fs4      ,,maud1 and other
 ,poems4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4        
,,the ,,princess4 ,small #hvo4 #cs4     
#f;d4      ,,idylls ,,of ,,the ,,king4  
,small #hvo4 #es4      ,,idylls ,,of    
,,the ,,king4 ,collected4 ,small #hvo4  
#fs4      ,,the ,,holy ,,grail1 and     
other ,poems4 ,small #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4   
,,gareth ,,and ,,lynette4 ,small #hvo4  
#cs4      ,,enoch ,,arden1 etc4 ,small  
#hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,,selections      
,,from ,,the ,,above ,,works4 ,square   
#hvo4 ,cloth1 #cs4 #f;d4    ,cloth gilt1
 extra1 #ds4      ,,songs ,,from ,,the  
,,above ,,works4 ,square #hvo4 ,cloth   
extra1 #cs4 #f;d4      ,,in ,,memoriam4 
,small #hvo4 #ds4      ,,library        
,,edition4 ,in #f vols4 #hvo4 #ajs4     
#f;d4 each4      ,,pocket ,,volume      
,,edition4 #aa vols4 ,in neat case1     
#cas4 #f;d4        ,ditto1 ditto4 ,extra
 cloth gilt1 in case1 #ces4             
,,poems4 ,illustrated ,edition4 #dto4   

#bes4    ,,thomas 7,moy74      ,a       
,,fight ,,for ,,life4 ,crown #hvo4 ,with
 ,frontispiece4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,this is     
one of the volumes of the ,cornhill     
,library of ,fiction4    ,,thomson 7,j4 
,t471 ,f4,r4,g4,s4      ,,hakayit       
,,abdulla4 ,the ,autobiography of a     
,malay ,munshi1 between the    years    
#ahjh and #ahdc4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4      
,,thompson 7,a4 ,c47      ,,preludes4 ,a
 ,volume of ,poems4 ,illustrated by     
,elizabeth ,thompson    7,painter of    
,the ,roll ,call74 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4     
,,thompson 7,rev4 ,a4 ,s471 ,british    
,chaplain at ,st4 ,petersburg4          
,,home ,,words ,,for ,,wanderers4 ,a    
,volume of ,sermons4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4  
,,thoughts ,,in ,,verse4 ,small crown   
#hvo4 #as4 #f;d4    ,,thring 7,rev4     
,godfrey71 ,b4,a4      ,,hymns ,,and    
,,sacred ,,lyrics4 #a vol4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 
#es4    ,,todd 7,herbert71 ,m4,a4       
,,arvan2 or1 ,the ,story of the ,sword4 
,a ,poem4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4       
,,traherne 7,mrs4 ,arthur74      ,,the  

,,romantic ,,annals ,,of ,a ,,naval     
,,family4 ,crown #hvo4 ,a ,new and      
,cheaper    ,edition4 #es4    ,,travers 
7,mar47      ,,the ,,spinsters ,,of     
,,blatchington4 ,a ,novel4 #b vols4     
,crown #hvo4    ,,trevandrum            
,,observations4      ,,observations ,,of
 ,,magnetic ,,declination ,,made ,,at   
,,trevandrum ,,and ,,agustia    ,,malley
 in the ,observatories of his ,highness 
the ,maharajah of    ,travancore1       
,g4,c4,s4,i41 in the ,years #aheb to    
#ahfj4 ,being ,trevandrum    ,magnetical
 ,observations1 ,volume ,i4 ,discussed  
and ,edited by ,john ,allan    ,brown1  
,f4,r4,s41 late ,director of the        
,observatories4 ,with an ,appendix4     
,imp4 #dto4 ,cloth4 #c #cs4       ,the  
,appendix1 containing ,reports on the   
,observatories and on the    ,public    
,museum1 ,public ,park1 and ,gardens at 
,trevandrum1 pp4 xii4-#aaf1    may be   
had separately4 #bas4    ,,turner 7,rev4
 ,charles74      ,,sonnets1 ,,lyrics1   
,,and ,,translations4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4 

#f;d4    ,,tyndall 7,j471 ,,ll4,d41     
,f4,r4,s4      ,,the ,,forms ,,of       
,,water ,,in ,,clouds ,,and ,,rivers1   
,,ice ,,and ,,glaciers4 ,with           
,twenty-six ,illustrations4 ,fifth      
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #es4      ,volume
 ,i4 of the ,international ,scientific  
,series4      ,,umbra ,,oxoniensis4     
,,results ,,of ,,the ,,expostulation    
,,of ,,the ,,right ,,honourable ,w4 ,e4 
,,gladstone1 in their ,relation to the  
,unity of ,roman ,catholicism4 ,large   
fcap4 #hvo4 #es4    ,,upton 7,roger     
,d471 ,captain late #ith ,royal         
,lancers4      ,,newmarket ,,and        
,,arabia4 ,an ,examination of the       
,descent of ,racers and    ,coursers4   
,with ,pedigrees and ,frontispiece4     
,post #hvo4 #is4      ,,vambery 7,prof4 
,arminius71 of the ,university of       
,pesth4      ,,bokhara3 ,its ,history   
and ,conquest4 ,demy #hvo4 #ahs4        
,,vanessa4 ,by the ,author of           
,thomasina1 etc4 ,a ,novel4 ,second     
,edition4 #b  vols4 ,crown #hvo4        

,,vaughan 7,rev4 ,c4 ,j471 ,d4,d4       
,,words ,,of ,,hope ,,from ,,the        
,,pulpit ,,of ,,the ,,temple ,,church4  
,third ,edition4    ,crown #hvo4 #es4   
,,the ,,solidity ,,of ,,true ,,religion1
 and other ,sermons ,preached in ,london
    during the ,election and ,mission   
,week1 ,february1 #ahgd4 ,crown #hvo4   
#cs4    #f;d4      ,,forget ,,thine     
,,own ,,people4 ,an ,appeal for         
,missions4 ,crown #hvo4 #cs4    #f;d4   
,,the ,,young ,,life ,,equipping        
,,itself ,,for ,,god',s ,,service4      
,being ,four    ,sermons ,preached      
before the ,university of ,cambridge1 in
 ,november1    #ahgb4 ,fourth ,edition4 
,crown #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4    ,,vincent    
7,capt4 ,c4 ,e4 ,h471 late ,royal ,welsh
 ,fusiliers4      ,,elementary          
,,military ,,geography1 ,,reconnoitring1
 ,,and ,,sketching4    ,compiled for    
,non-,commissioned ,officers and        
,soldiers of all ,arms4    ,square crown
 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4      ,,russia',s      
,,advance ,,eastward4 ,based on the     

,official ,reports of    ,lieutenant    
,hugo ,stumm1 ,german ,military ,attach 
to the ,khivan    ,expedition4 ,with    
,map4 ,crown #hvo4 #fs4    ,,vizcaya2   
or1 ,life in the ,land of the ,carlists4
      ,,vizcaya2 or1 ,life in the ,land 
of the ,carlists at the ,outbreak of the
    ,insurrection1 with some ,account of
 the ,iron ,mines and other             
,characteristics of the ,country4 ,with 
a ,map and ,eight ,illustrations4       
,crown #hvo4 #is4    ,,vogel 7,prof471  
,polytechnic ,academy of ,berlin4       
,,the ,,chemical ,,effects ,,of ,,light 
,,and ,,photography1 in their           
application    to ,art1 ,science1 and   
,industry4 ,third ,edition4 ,the        
translation    thoroughly revised4 ,with
 #ajj ,illustrations1 including some    
beautiful    ,specimens of ,photography4
 #es4      ,volume ,,xv4 of the         
,international ,scientific ,series4     
,,vyner 7,lady ,mary74      ,,every     
,,day ,a ,,portion4 ,adapted from the   
,bible and the ,prayer ,book1 for    the

 ,private ,devotions of those living in 
,widowhood4 ,collected and    ,edited by
 ,lady ,mary ,vyner4 ,square crown #hvo4
 ,elegantly bound4 #es4      ,,waiting  
,,for ,,tidings4      ,,waiting ,,for   
,,tidings4 ,by the ,author of ,white and
 ,black4 #c vols4    ,crown #hvo4       
,,wartensleben 7,count ,hermann von71   
,colonel in the ,prussian ,general      
,staff4      ,,the ,,operations ,,of    
,,the ,,south ,,army ,,in ,,january     
,,and ,,february1 #ahga4    ,compiled   
from the ,official ,war ,documents of   
the ,head-quarters of the    ,southern  
,army4 ,translated by ,colonel ,c4 ,h4  
von ,wright4 ,with ,maps4 ,demy    #hvo4
 #fs4      ,,the ,,operations ,,of ,,the
 ,,first ,,army ,,under ,,gen4 ,,von    
,,manteuffel4    ,translated by ,colonel
 ,c4 ,h4 von ,wright4 ,uniform with the 
above4 ,demy    #hvo4 #is4      ,these  
works form separate volumes of ,henry   
,s4 ,king and ,co4's ,military          
,series4    ,,wedmore 7,frederick74     
,,two ,,girls4 #b vols4 ,crown #hvo4    

,,wells 7,captain ,john ,c471 ,r4,n4    
,,spitzbergen--,,the ,,gateway ,,to     
,,the ,,polynia2 or1 ,a ,voyage to      
,spitzbergen4 ,with numerous            
,illustrations by ,whymper and others1  
and    ,map4 #hvo4 #bas4    ,,wetmore   
7,w4 ,s474      ,,commercial            
,,telegraphic ,,code4 ,post #dto4       
,boards4 #dbs4    ,,what ',,tis ,,to    
,,love4 ,by the ,author of ,flora       
,adair1 ,the ,value of  ,fostertown4 #c 
vols4 ,crown #hvo4    ,,whitney         
7,william ,dwight74 ,professor of       
,sanskrit and ,comparative  ,philology  
in ,yale ,college1 ,new ,haven4         
,,the ,,life ,,and ,,growth ,,of        
,,language4 ,second ,edition4 ,crown    
#hvo4 #es4    ,copyright ,edition4      
,volume ,,xvi4 of the ,international    
,scientific ,series4    ,,whittle 7,j4  
,lowry71 ,a4,m41 ,trin4 ,coll41 ,dublin4
      ,,catholicism ,,and ,,the         
,,vatican4 ,with a ,narrative of the    
,old ,catholic    ,congress at ,munich4 
,second ,edition4 ,crown #hvo4 #ds4     

#f;d4    ,,wilberforce 7,henry ,w47     
,,the ,,church ,,and ,,the ,,empires4   
,historical ,periods4 ,preceded by a    
,memoir    of the ,author by ,john      
,henry ,newman1 ,d4,d41 of the ,oratory4
 ,with    ,portrait4 ,post #hvo4 #ajs4  
#f;d4    ,,wilkinson 7,t4 ,lean74       
,,short ,,lectures ,,on ,,the ,,land    
,,laws4 ,delivered before the ,working  
,men's    ,college4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4   
,,williams 7,rev4 ,rowland71 ,d4,d4     
,,life ,,and ,,letters ,,of ,,rowland   
,,williams1 ,d4,d41 with ,selections    
from his    ,note-books4 ,edited by     
,mrs4 ,rowland ,williams4 ,with a       
,photographic    ,portrait4 #b vols4    
,large post #hvo4 #bds4    ,,willoughby 
7,the ,hon4 ,mrs47      ,,on ,,the      
,,north ,,wind--,,thistledown4 ,a       
,volume of ,poems4 ,elegantly bound4    
,small crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4           
,,wilson 7,h4 ,schtz74      ,,studies   
,,and ,,romances4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4     
#f;d4    ,,winterbotham 7,rev4 ,r471    
,m4,a41 ,b4,sc4      ,,sermons ,,and    

,,expositions4 ,crown #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4  
,,wood 7,c4 ,f47      ,a ,,yachting     
,,cruise ,,in ,,the ,,south ,,seas4     
,demy #hvo4 ,with ,six ,photographic    
,illustrations4 #gs4 #f;d4    ,,wright  
7,rev4 ,w471 of ,stoke ,bishop1         
,bristol4      ,,man ,,and ,,animals3 ,a
 ,sermon4 ,crown #hvo4 ,stitched in     
wrapper4 #as4      ,,waiting ,,for ,,the
 ,,light1 ,,and ,,other ,,sermons4      
,crown #hvo4 #fs4    ,,wyld 7,r4 ,s471  
,f4,r4,s4,e4      ,,the ,,physics ,,and 
,,philosophy ,,of ,,the ,,senses2 or1   
,the ,mental and the    ,physical in    
their ,mutual ,relation4 ,illustrated by
 several ,plates4 ,demy    #hvo4 #afs4  
,,yonge 7,c4 ,d471 ,regius ,professor1  
,queen's ,college1 ,belfast4            
,,history ,,of ,,the ,,english          
,,revolution ,,of #afhh4 ,crown #hvo4   
#fs4    ,,yorke 7,stephen71 ,author of  
,tales of the ,north ,riding4           
,,cleveden4 ,a ,novel4 #b vols4 ,crown  
#hvo4    ,,youmans 7,eliza ,a47         
,,an ,,essay ,,on ,,the ,,culture ,,of  

,,the ,,observing ,,powers ,,of         
,,children1    especially in connection 
with the ,study of ,botany4 ,edited1    
with ,notes    and a ,supplement1 by    
,joseph ,payne1 ,f4,c4,p41 ,author of   
,lectures on the    ,science and ,art of
 ,education1 etc4 ,crown #hvo4 #bs4     
#f;d4      ,,first ,,book ,,of ,,botany4
 ,designed to cultivate the ,observing  
,powers of    ,children4 ,with #cjj     
,engravings4 ,new and ,enlarged         
,edition4 ,crown #hvo4    #es4          
,,youmans 7,edward ,l471 ,m4,d4      ,a 
,,class ,,book ,,of ,,chemistry1 on the 
,basis of the new ,system4 ,with #bjj   
,illustrations4      ,,zimmern 7,helen74
      ,,stories ,,in ,,precious         
,,stones4 ,with ,six ,illustrations4    
,third ,edition4    ,crown #hvo4 #es4   
,,forthcoming ,,works4      ,,sir       
,,thomas ,,munro1 ,,bart41 ,k4,c4,b41   
sometime ,governor of ,madras4 ,a       
,selection from his ,minutes and other  
,official ,writings4 ,edited by ,sir    
,alexander ,arbuthnot1 ,k4,c4,s4,i4     

,,aldyth4 ,a ,novel4 ,by the ,author of 
,healey4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4          
,,ida ,,craven4 ,a ,novel4 ,by ,mrs4 ,m4
 ,h4 ,cadell4 #c vols4 ,crown #hvo4     
,,scientific ,,introduction ,,to ,,greek
 ,,and ,,latin4 ,by ,ferdinand ,baur1   
,ph4    ,d41 ,professor at ,maulbronne4 
,translated and adapted by ,c4 ,kegan   
,paul1    ,m4,a41 and ,e4 ,b4 ,stone1   
,m4,a41 late ,fellow of ,king's         
,college1 ,cambridge1    and            
,assistant-,master at ,eton ,college4   
,,too ,,long ,,untold1 and other        
,stories4 ,by ,katherine ,saunders4 #b  
vols4    ,crown #hvo4                   
,,contents3--,too ,long ,untold--,the   
,harpers of ,men-y-don--,ida's          
,story--,little ,missy--,the ,shaken    
,nest4          ,,additional ,,notice   
,,scientific ,,london4 ,by ,,bernard ,h4
 ,,becker4 #a vol4 crown #hvo41 #es4    
,an ,account of the ,history and present
 ,scope of the following                
institutions3--      ,the ,royal        
,society4    ,the ,royal ,institution4  

,the ,institution of ,civil ,engineers4 
,the ,royal ,geographical ,society4     
,the ,society of ,telegraph ,engineers4 
,the ,british ,association4    ,the     
,birkbeck ,institute4    ,the ,society  
of ,arts4    ,the ,government           
,department of ,science and ,art4       
,the ,statistical ,society4    ,the     
,chemical ,society4    ,the ,museum of  
,practical ,geology4    ,the ,london    
,institution4    ,the ,gresham          
,lectures4    ,,henry ,s4 ,,king and    
,co41 ,london4      ,caxton ,printing   
,works1 ,beccles4                  99   
99      99      99      99      99      
,transcriber's note3    ,apparent       
typographical errors have been          
corrected4 ,inconsistent  hyphenation   
has been retained4    ,a notice of an   
unrelated book from the same publisher  
has been shifted  to the end of the     
work4