,,sign ,,talk ,a ,universal ,signal ,code1 ,without ,apparatus1 for ,use in the ,army1 the ,navy1 ,camping1 ,hunting1 and ,daily ,life ,by ,ernest ,thompson ,seton ,author of 8,wild ,animals ,i ,have ,known10 8,life ,histories of ,northern ,animals10 8,the ,book of ,woodcraft10 etc41 etc4 ,chief of the ,woodcraft ,league of ,america ,,the ,,gesture ,,language ,,of ,,the ,,cheyenne ,,indians ,with additional ,signs used by other tribes1 also a few necessary ,signs from the code of the ,deaf in ,europe and ,america1 and others that are established among our ,policemen1 ,firemen1 ,railroad ,men1 and ,school ,children ,,in ,,all #a1gbe ,prepared with assistance from ,general ,hugh ,l4 ,scott1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,the ,french and ,german equivalent words added by ,lillian ,delger ,powers1 ,m4 ,d4 #gjj ,,illustrations ,,by ,,the ,,author ,,garden ,,city ,,new ,,york ,,doubleday1 ,,page ,,company #aiah ,copyright1 #aiah1 by ,,ernest ,,thompson ,,seton ,all rights reserved1 including that of translation into foreign languages1 including the ,scandinavian ,,preface ,in offering this book to the public after having had the manuscript actually on my desk for more than nine years1 let me say frankly that no one realizes better than myself1 now1 the magnitude of the subject and the many faults of my attempt to handle it4 ,my attention was first directed to the ,sign ,language in #ahhb when ,i went to live in ,western ,manitoba4 ,there ,i found it used among the various ,indian tribes as a common language1 whenever they were unable to understand each other's speech4 ,in later years ,i found it a daily necessity when traveling among the natives of ,new ,mexico and ,montana1 and in #ahig1 while living among the ,crow ,indians at their agency near ,fort ,custer1 ,i met ,white ,swan1 who had served under ,general ,george ,a4 ,custer as a ,scout4 ,he had been sent across country with a message to ,major ,reno1 so escaped the fatal battle2 but fell in with a party of ,sioux1 by whom he was severely wounded1 clubbed on the head1 and left for dead4 ,he recovered and escaped1 but ever after was deaf and practically dumb4 ,however1 sign-talk was familiar to his people and he was at little disadvantage in daytime4 ,always skilled in the gesture code1 he now became very expert2 ,i was glad indeed to be his pupil1 and thus in #ahig began seriously to study the ,sign ,language4 ,in #aijj ,i included a chapter on ,sign ,language in my projected ,woodcraft ,dictionary1 and began by collecting all the literature4 ,there was much more than ,i expected1 for almost all early travellers in our ,western ,country have had something to say about this lingua franca of the ,plains4 ,as the material continued to accumulate1 the chapter grew into a ,dictionary1 and the work1 of course1 turned out manifold greater than was expected4 ,the ,deaf1 our ,school children1 and various ,european nations1 as well as the ,indians1 had large sign vocabularies needing consideration4 ,with all important print on the subject ,i am fairly well conversant1 besides which ,i have had large opportunities in the field and have tried to avail myself of them to the fullest extent1 carrying my manuscript from one ,indian tribe to another1 seeking out always the best sign-talkers among them1 collecting and revising1 aiming to add all the best signs in use to those already on record4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following are the chief printed works on ,sign ,language3 #ahbc4 ,the ,indian ,language of ,signs by ,major ,stephen ,h4 ,long1 published in his ,expedition to the ,rocky ,mts41 #ahbc1 ,vol4 ,i1 pp4 #cgh-cid4 ,gives #ajd signs4 ,the earliest extensive vocabulary on record4 #ahhj4 ,gesture ,signs and ,signals of the ,north ,american ,indians by ,lieut4 ,col4 ,garrick ,mallery4 ,an elaborate and valuable #ccj page quarto compilation from many contributors2 published by the ,bureau of ,american ,ethnology of the ,smithsonian ,institution1 #ahhj4 ,it was preliminary to the much more extended work published the year following1 and combines in itself all the important vocabularies published up to that time1 including3 ,wm4 ,dunbar's ,list pub4 ,trans4 ,am4 ,phil4 ,soc41 ,january #af1 #ahja2 about #fj signs2 ,prince ,maximilian von ,wied-,neuwied's ,list1 ,reise1 ,nord4 ,am41 #ahcb-cd1 #ahcg2 ,capt4 ,r4 ,f4 ,burton's ,list pub4 in 8,the ,city of the ,saints10 #ahfb2 ,dr4 ,d4 ,g4 ,mac,gowan's ,list pub4 in ,historical ,magazine1 ,vol4 ,x1 #ahff1 pp4 #hf-ig2 also ,manuscript ,lists supplied by ,col4 ,r4 ,i4 ,dodge1 ,dr4 ,william ,h4 ,corbusier1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 and about forty other contributors4 #ahha4 ,sign ,language ,among the ,north ,american ,indians compared with that among other peoples and ,deaf ,mutes1 by ,col4 ,garrick ,mallery2 #bij page quarto1 #bhf illustrations1 an elaborate examination of the history1 origin1 and nature of the ,sign ,language1 with extensive vocabularies4 ,published in #ast ,annual ,report1 ,bureau of ,american ,ethnology1 #ahha4 #ahhe4 ,the ,indian ,sign ,language by ,capt4 ,william ,philo ,clark1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 #bdd pp4 octavo1 quite the best book on the subject1 giving over #a1jjj signs with photographic exactness2 it is also one of the best early encyclopedic books on ,indians in general2 unfortunately1 it is without illustrations and is out of print4 ,published by ,hamersly ,co41 of ,philadelphia1 #ahhe4 ,this is practically the only publication quoted in preparing this work4 ,i have referred to it continually as a standard--as the highest available authority4 7,w4 ,p4 ,clark was born ,july #bg1 #ahde1 at ,deer ,river1 ,lewis ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,graduated from ,west ,point ,june #ae1 #ahfh4 ,served on the ,plains in #b;d ,cavalry during the ,indian wars of #ahgf to #ahhj4 ,died at ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 ,september #bc1 #ahhd47 ,,hadley ,,indian ,,sign ,,prints ,about twenty-five years ago there lived in ,anadarko1 ,indian ,territory1 an enthusiastic missionary worker named ,lewis ,f4 ,hadley1 known to the ,indians as ,ingonompashi4 ,he made a study of ,sign ,language in order to furnish the ,indians with a pictographic writing1 based on diagrams of the signs1 and meant to be read by all ,indians1 without regard to their speech4 ,pointing to the ,chinese writing as a model and parallel1 he made a ,sign ,language font of #d1jjj pictographic types for use in his projected works4 ,he maintained that #aaj1gic ,indians were at that time sign-talkers and he proposed to reach them by ,sign-,language publications4 ,in pursuance of his plan1 he issued the following3 #ahhg4 ,list of the ,primary ,gestures in ,indian ,sign ,talk4 8,only #ai copies were printed40 ,it was intended as a prodrome to 8extended works and a magazine in ,hands-talking40 ,it consists of #fc pages with #fhd crude woodblocks of white lines on black ground1 illustrating signs1 alphabetically arranged1 but without captions or text of any kind1 except the explanation on the title page1 abridged as above4 #ahij4 ,a ,lesson in ,sign ,talk1 designed to show the use of the line showing the movement of the hands in the ,indian ,gesture ,language1 by ,in-go-nom-pa-shi1 ,fort ,smith1 ,ark41 #ahij4 ,copyrighted by ,lewis ,f4 ,hadley1 #ab pp4 ,a portrait of him by himself is on p4 #aa1 inscribed 8,in-go-nom-pa-shi1 drawn by himself at #fj years40 ,it devotes #c pages to general discussion of ,sign ,talk1 #a pages to reform of our spelling1 the rest is given to general remarks with #ab poor illustrations in white line1 also a ,scripture text with #ae signs drawn1 the ,lord's ,prayer with #ee drawn signs1 and on p4 #ab1 ,the ,indian ,little ,star1 a novel version of 8,twinkle1 ,twinkle10 rendered in #ig drawn signs4 #ahic4 ,indian ,sign ,talk4 ,being a ,book of ,proofs of the matter printed or equivalent cards designed for teaching sign-talking ,indians as much ,english as can be explained through the medium of their 8,universal0 ,gesture ,language1 by ,ingonompashi1 copyrighted ,may #ae1 #ahic1 8only #ge copies are saved40 ,this is ,hadley's most extended work4 ,it is a dictionary of the ,sign ,language1 in #bfh large octavo leaves printed on one side only of each sheet4 ,it consists of #i pages of ,preface and general matter1 #aib pp4 of dictionary alphabetically arranged1 each page having three gestures figured and beside each the equivalent in ,english4 ,a total of #egg signs 7including a double74 ,pages #aic to #bje are given to small reproductions of the sign drawings to illustrate 8measurements of type0--his font--about #hjj illustrations1 two pages of appendix with compound sign words1 and #ad illustrations1 #a page of black type1 #ah in number1 #ec pages of reading matter in signs1 the above cited version of 8,twinkle1 ,twinkle1 ,little ,star0 and the story of 8,wolf and the ,white ,man0 in signs2 the rest being ,scripture texts and exhortations and the #aith ,psalm1 ending with the ,lord's ,prayer4 ,the cards referred to ,i have4 ,they consist of #ega separate cards with an illustrated sign on each and additional matter on the back4 ,besides which there are about #ajj separate cards each with a scripture text1 chapter1 or sermonette on it1 about #a1jjj illustrations in all4 ,the same being the matter of the dictionary proper reproduced on separate cards1 the diagram on one side and the text on the other4 ,the front matter and the type measurements do not1 however1 appear on the cards4 ,though poor as art1 the drawings are of some value to the student4 ,this is the most ambitious work extant on the subject of ,sign ,language1 but seems to be quite unknown to most ethnologists1 and is not in any library1 so far as ,i can learn1 except the ,library of ,congress1 the ,smithsonian ,institution1 the ,new ,york ,public ,library1 the ,library of ,prof4 ,j4 ,c4 ,elsom of ,wisconsin ,state ,university1 and my own collection4 ,of the #ge copies issued1 only these #e have been accounted for1 but cards comprising the dictionary part were issued to the extent of #ajj1jjj in sets of #ega each1 and the reading matter on cards to the number of over #bg1jjj4 #aiaj4 ,the ,sign ,language1 by ,prof4 ,j4 ,schuyler ,long1 ,state ,school for the ,deaf1 ,council ,bluffs1 ,iowa1 published at ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 #aiaj4 ,a valuable dictionary of about #a1ejj signs used by the deaf1 with #ejj admirable photographic illustrations4 ,of these signs a large number seem to be arbitrary1 but many are evidently of good construction and quite acceptable to ,indian sign-talkers4 ,to these should be added3 #ahcb4 ,la ,mimica1 by ,andrea de ,jorio4 8,la mimica degli antichi investigata nel ,gestire ,napoletano40 ,napoli1 #ahcb1 #hvo1 #cgb pp41 #ba plates4 ,this interesting ,italian work on ,sign ,language was written to show that the gestures figured on antique vases1 etc41 may be explained by their modern parallels1 especially as observed in ,naples4 ,the #ba plates illustrate about one hundred of these gestures--about half of these are reproduced in ,mallery's #ahha publication4 #ahed4 ,dactylologie by ,louis de ,mas-,latrie4 8,dictionnaire de ,paleographie40 ,tome ,quarante-septime1 pp4 #agi to #cff4 ,an extended study of ,finger-talking as used by the deaf1 the savages1 etc4 ,about #cj ,american ,indian signs are described and compared with those of the deaf4 ,no illustrations4 #ahgh4 ,the ,gesture ,language1 by ,e4 ,b4 ,tyler1 in his studies in 8,early ,history of ,mankind10 third edition1 #ahgh1 pp4 #ad-ha4 ,an interesting but not very important dissertation on the ,gesture ,language in use among the deaf1 the ,cistercian ,monks1 and the ,american ,indians4 ,no illustrations4 #ahhc4 ,sign ,language1 ,remarks on1 by ,wilfred ,powells in his 8,wanderings in a ,wild ,country40 ,an account of a three years' residence in ,new ,britain 7to the north of ,new ,guinea71 #ahhc1 pp4 #bed-bfa1 with #ad good figures1 showing the digital origin of numbers4 #ahif4 ,arunta ,sign ,language1 ,e4 ,c4 ,stirling4 ,rep4 ,horn ,scientific ,exped4 to ,central ,australia2 ,,iv1 pp4 #aaa-abe4 ,a considerable discourse on the ,sign ,language as used by the very primitive races4 ,many figures4 99 99 99 99 99 ,my thanks are due to ,general ,hugh ,lenox ,scott1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 one of the best living sign-talkers1 for a general review of the text1 with new signs and explanations as indicated4 ,to ,john ,homer ,seger of ,colony1 ,oklahoma1 for much assistance4 ,he was for #de years in official control of the ,indians at ,darlington and ,colony1 ,oklahoma4 ,they were of the ,southern ,cheyenne1 ,kiowa1 and ,arapaho tribes chiefly4 ,all his communications with them were in the ,sign ,language1 so that he became one of our best experts4 ,we have corresponded much1 and during a prolonged visit to his home in ,august1 #aiae1 we together went over every sign in this ,manual4 ,his signs were of the ,cheyenne dialect4 ,to the ,reverend ,walter ,c4 ,roe 7since dead7 of ,colony1 ,oklahoma1 for many notes and comments4 ,he was so expert that he preached every ,sunday in the ,sign ,language4 ,to ,sheeaka1 or ,cyiaka 7,the ,mudhen71 a ,yanktonnais ,sioux living at ,standing ,rock4 ,he worked over my entire manuscript with me in #aiab1 endorsing most of the signs given by ,clark1 as well as adding those that are accredited to him4 ,he was considered the best sign-talker on the reservation4 ,his familiarity with the ,sign ,language was largely due to the fact that a member of his family was a deaf-mute1 so that he has kept up the method while others of his generation are forgetting it4 ,frank ,zahn1 an intelligent and educated half-breed1 acted as interpreter and helped with many suggestions4 ,in the autumn of #aiaf ,i took my manuscript to ,montana and received valuable help from the following ,blackfoot ,indians3 ,bearhead1 an old-time1 full-blooded ,piegan ,indian1 with a pronounced contempt for modern ways and modern signs2 ,george ,starr or ,bull ,calf1 a half-blood1 who acted as interpreter for ,bearhead2 ,medicine ,owl1 ,eagle ,child1 ,three ,bears1 ,two-,guns ,whitecalf2 all full-blooded ,piegans and excellent sign-talkers4 ,heavy ,breast1 a half-blood1 acted as interpreter1 with assistance from ,james ,c4 ,grant4 ,i am also indebted to ,chasing ,bear 7,ma-to ,hu-wa-pi71 a ,santee1 and to ,chief ,tom ,frosted1 a ,yanktonnais2 both of ,standing ,rock4 ,about a dozen good signs were given me by ,c4 ,b4 ,ruggles1 of ,taos1 ,new ,mexico2 and helpful information was received from ,thomas ,la ,forge1 official interpreter for the ,crow ,nation1 and ,clitzo ,dead-man1 an educated ,navaho at ,ganado1 ,arizona4 ,in the spring of #aiag ,i spent some time among the ,cheyennes at ,concho1 ,oklahoma1 checking up my lists4 ,my chief source of information was ,robert ,burns1 an intelligent and educated ,cheyenne1 who spoke excellent ,english and was also a good sign-talker4 ,at the same time ,i got much valuable assistance from ,cheyenne ,fanny 7,mrs4 ,hamilton71 ,deafy ,fletcher1 and numerous old ,cheyennes and ,arapahoes about the ,post4 ,father ,isadore1 of the ,st4 ,patrick's ,mission1 ,anadarko1 ,oklahoma1 and the ,reverend ,sherman ,coolidge 7,arapahoe71 of ,sheridan1 ,wyoming1 also contributed4 ,in the case of special or unusual signs1 ,i give the name of the best of my authorities2 but when1 according to my own observation1 the sign is in general use and indorsed by practically all1 no authority is cited4 ,i have to thank my friends ,james ,mooney and ,f4 ,w4 ,hodge of the ,smithsonian ,institution1 and ,professor ,j4 ,schuyler ,long1 of ,council ,bluffs1 ,iowa1 for much helpful criticism2 ,professor ,elmer ,d4 ,read1 of the ,pennsylvania ,school for the ,deaf1 for a review of the ,introduction2 also1 ,doctor ,charles ,a4 ,eastman 7,ohiyesa71 ,colonel ,w4 ,f4 ,cody 7,buffalo ,bill71 ,hamlin ,garland1 ,miss ,frances ,densmore1 and ,mrs4 ,mary ,austin for contributions or criticism4 ,for the ,french and ,german equivalent words ,i am chiefly indebted to ,doctor ,lillian ,delger ,powers1 of ,mt4 ,kisco1 ,new ,york4 ,some assistance was given by ,miss ,dorothy ,dwenger1 of ,greenwich1 ,connecticut1 and ,harry ,g4 ,seides1 ,professor of ,german1 ,jersey ,city ,high ,school1 ,new ,jersey4 ,the drawings throughout are by myself4 ,,ernest ,,thompson ,,seton4 ,,introduction ,,its ,,antiquity ,many thoughtful men have been trying for a century1 at least1 to give mankind a world-speech which would overstep all linguistic barriers1 and one cannot help wondering why they have overlooked the ,sign ,language1 the one mode common to all mankind1 already established and as old as ,babel4 ,yes1 more ancient than the hills4 ,as far back as the records go1 we find the ,sign ,language in use4 ,general ,hugh ,l4 ,scott has pointed out nineteen examples in ,homer4 ,greek vases1 ,japanese bronzes1 ancient ,hindu statuary1 as well as songs and legends older than history1 give testimony in like tenor4 ,while ,egyptologists remind us that the oldest records show1 not only that the ,sign ,language was then used1 but that the one original code was much like that in use to-day4 ,the fact that it is yet found all over the world wherever man is man1 is proof of its being built on human nature in the beginnings4 ,we might even argue that it is more ancient than speech4 ,ideas certainly came before the words that express them4 ,the idea of 8hunger0 must be a thousand times as old as any existing 8word0 for 8hunger40 ,when it became necessary to communicate to another the idea of hunger1 it certainly was easier and more direct to communicate it by gesture than by word4 ,the word had1 perforce1 to be more or less arbitrary1 but the gesture was logical1 and could at once indicate the pain1 its place1 and even hint at the cause4 ,the possible variations of a mere squeak in a concealed pipe are obviously less in number and far less graphic and logical than the various movements of two active1 free-moving1 compound1 visible parts of the body that utilize all the dimensions of space1 all the suggestions of speed1 motion1 physical form and action1 juxtaposition1 yes1 even a measure of sound1 and that could in a multitude of cases reproduce the very idea itself4 ,animals have far more gestures to express thoughts and emotions than they have sounds1 and children instinctively use gestures for various ideas long before they acquire the sound for them4 ,in all races as a rule the very young children's gestures are the same1 but the different words imposed by the different mothers have little or nothing in common1 and no obvious basis in logic4 ,all of which goes to prove the greater antiquity of eye-talk over ear-talk4 ,to which conclusion we are forced also by the superiority of sight over hearing as a sense4 8,seeing is believing10 is convincement3 hearing is more open to challenge4 ,nor can the sign-talk have changed radically1 for it is founded on the basic elements of human make-up1 and on mathematics1 and is so perfectly ideographic that no amount of bad presentation can completely divert attention from the essential thought to the vehicle2 while punning is an impossibility4 ,it had all the inherent possibilities of speech1 was indeed capable of even greater subtleties1 as we have noted1 and had a far greater distance range1 three or four times that of spoken words4 ,in view of the greater antiquity and many advantages that hand gestures have over spoken language1 one is prompted to ask3 ,why did it not develop and continue man's chief mode of inter-communication8 ,the answer is1 doubtless1 partly because it was useless in the dark or when the person was out of sight or partly hidden by intervening things4 ,diagrammatically expressed it was thus3 ,illustration ,speech therefore covers all directions night and day4 ,gesture covers one-third of the circle in hours of light4 ,therefore speech serves six times as many occasions as gesture4 ,but the chief reason for the triumph of the appeal to the ear is doubtless because the hands were in constant use for other things2 the tongue was not2 was indeed practically free to specialize for this end4 ,,its ,,universality ,being so fundamental1 ancient1 and persistent1 ,sign ,language is1 perforce1 universal4 ,in some measure it is used by every race on earth to-day4 ,eskimo and ,zulu1 ,japanese and ,frenchman1 ,turk and ,aztec1 ,greek and ,patagonian4 ,and whenever two men of hopelessly diverse speech have met1 they have found a medium of thought exchange in the old ,sign ,language--the pantomimic suggestion of ideas4 ,latin races are proverbially hand-talkers1 so that the ,sign ,language is more widely used among them than with ,anglo-,saxons4 ,but the ,american ,plains ,indian is undoubtedly the best sign-talker the world knows to-day4 ,there are1 or were1 some thirty different tribes with a peculiar speech of their own1 and each of these communicated with the others by use of the simple and convenient sign-talk of the plains4 ,it is1 or was1 the language of ,western trade and diplomacy as far back as the records go4 ,every traveller who visited the ,buffalo ,plains had need to study and practise this ,western ,volapuk1 and all attest its simplicity1 its picturesqueness1 its grace1 and its practical utility4 ,many of the best observers among these have left us long lists of signs in use1 ,alexander ,henry in his gossipy journal among the ,mandans of the ,missouri in #ahjf tells us of the surprise and interest he felt in watching two ,indian chiefs of different tribes who conversed freely for hours on all subjects of common interest1 conveying their ideas accurately by nothing but simple gestures4 ,the ,european races are much less gifted as sign-talkers4 ,but we all have a measure of it that is a surprise to most persons when first confronted with the facts4 ,our school children especially make daily use of the ancient signals4 ,,among ,,school ,,children ,in taking observations among school-boys and girls1 ,i had this uniform experience3 ,all denied any knowledge of the ,sign ,language1 at first1 but were themselves surprised on discovering how much of it they had in established use4 ,one very shy little girl--so shy that she dared not speak--furnished a good illustration3 8,do you use the ,sign ,language in your school80 ,i asked4 ,she shook her head4 8,do you learn any language but ,english80 ,she nodded4 8,what is the use of learning any other than ,english80 ,she raised her right shoulder in the faintest possible shrug and at the same time turned her right palm slightly up4 8,now10 was my reply1 8don't you see you have answered all my three questions in signs which you said you did not use80 ,following the subject1 ,i said3 8,what does this mean80 and held up my right hand with the first and second fingers crossed4 8,pax10 she whispered2 and then1 after further trials1 ,i learned that at least thirty signs were in daily use in that local school4 ,this was in ,england4 ,in ,america the sign 8,pax10 or 8,king's cross10 is called 8,king's ,x10 8,fines0 or 8,fins0 or 8,fends10 8,bars up0 or 8,truce10 meaning always1 8,i claim immunity40 ,this is a very ancient sign and seems to refer to the right of sanctuary4 ,the name 8,king's cross10 used occasionally in ,england1 means probably the sanctuary in the ,king's palace4 ,in general ,i found about #aej gesture signals in established use among ,american school children1 namely3 ,me 7,tap one's own chest74 ,you 7,pointing to you74 ,yes 7,nod74 ,no 7,shake head74 ,good 7,nod and clap hands74 ,bad 7,shake head and grimace74 ,go 7,pushing flat hand forward1 palm forward74 ,come 7,drawing in flat hand1 palm toward one74 ,hurry 7,the same repeated vigorously several times74 ,come for a moment 7,beckon with forefinger1 hand unmoved74 ,stop 7,flat hand held up1 palm forward74 ,gently 7,flat hand held low1 palm down1 gently waved74 ,good-bye 7,flat hand held high1 palm down and forward1 fingers quickly waved up and down74 ,up 7,point up74 ,high 7,flat hand1 palm down1 held up at arm's length74 ,deep 7,left flat hand palm down at level of mouth1 right palm up1 as low as possible74 ,heaven 7,point up very high and look up74 ,down 7,point down74 ,forward 7,swing index forward and down in a curve74 ,backward 7,jerk thumb over shoulder74 ,across 7,hold left hand out flat1 palm down1 run right index across it74 ,over or ,above 7,hold out flat left1 palm down1 and above it hold ditto right74 ,under 7,reverse of foregoing74 ,hush 7,index finger on lips74 ,listen 7,curved hand behind ear74 ,look 7,flat hand over eyes74 ,look there 7,point and look in same direction74 ,touch 7,reach out and touch with index74 ,taste 7,lay finger on tongue74 ,smell 7,hold palm to nose74 ,friendship 7,hand shake74 ,warning 7,index finger held up74 ,threatening 7,fist held up74 ,weeping 7,with index finger at each eye1 trace course of tears74 ,shame on you 7,point one index at the person and draw the other along it several times in same direction74 ,you make me ashamed 7,cover eyes and face with hands74 ,mockery 7,stick tongue out at person74 ,disdain 7,snap fingers toward person74 ,scorn 7,throw an imaginary pinch of sand at person74 ,insolent defiance 7,thumb to nose1 hand spread74 ,arrogant 7,indicate swelled head74 ,pompous 7,indicate big chest74 ,incredulity 7,expose white of eye with finger1 as though proving 8,no green there074 ,i am no fool 7,tap one side of the nose74 ,joke 7,rub side of nose with index74 ,connivance 7,winking one eye74 ,puzzled 7,scratch the head74 ,crazy 7,tap forehead with index then describe a circle with it74 ,despair 7,pulling the hair74 ,sleepy 7,put a fist in each eye74 ,bellyache 7,hands clasped across the belly74 ,sick 7,a grimace and a limp dropping of the hands74 ,applause 7,clap hands74 ,victory 7,swing an imaginary flag over head74 ,upon my honor 7,draw a cross over heart or cross the hands over breast74 ,i am seeking 7,looking about and pointing finger in same directions74 ,i am thinking 7,lay index on brow1 lower head and look out under brows74 ,i have my doubts 7,slowly swing head from side to side74 ,i will not listen 7,hold flat hands on ears74 ,i will not look 7,cover eyes with hands74 ,i forget 7,slowly shake head1 and brush away something in air1 near the forehead74 ,i claim exemption1 or 8,fins0 or 8,bar up0 7,middle finger crossed on index74 ,i beg of you 7,flat hand palm to palm1 pointing to the person74 ,i pray 7,clasped hands held up74 ,i am afraid1 or surrender 7,hold up both flat hands1 palm forward74 ,i wind him around my finger 7,make the action with right thumb and index around left index74 ,i have him under my thumb 7,press firmly down with top of right thumb74 ,you surprise me 7,flat hand on open mouth74 ,i send you a kiss 7,kiss the finger tips of right hand and throw it forward74 ,search me 7,hold the coat flaps open1 one in each hand74 ,swim 7,strike out with flat hands74 ,dive 7,flat hands together1 moved in a curve1 forward and down74 ,will you come swimming8 7,two fingers in ,v shape held up level74 ,will you8 or ,is it so8 7,look1 nod and raise brows74 ,fool or ,ass 7,a thumb in each ear1 flat hands up74 ,cut-throat 7,draw index across throat74 ,indifference 7,a shoulder shrug74 ,ignorance 7,a shrug and a head shake74 ,pay 7,hold out closed hand1 palm up1 rubbing thumb and index tips together74 ,jew 7,flat hands waved near shoulders1 palms up74 ,bribe 7,hold hollow hand1 palm up1 behind one74 ,it is in my pocket 7,slap pocket with flat hand74 ,give me my bill 7,beckon1 then write on air74 ,match 7,make the sign of striking a match on the thigh74 ,set it afire 7,sign match1 and then thrust it forward74 ,pistol 7,making barrel with left index1 stock and hammer with right hooked on2 snapping right index from thumb74 ,that tastes good 7,smack the lips74 ,the food was good 7,pat the stomach74 ,bad taste 7,grimace and spitting out74 ,bad smell 7,hold the nose74 ,bend 7,with right hand bend left index74 ,break 7,with fists touching1 make as though to bend a stick1 then swing the fists apart74 ,hot 7,wet middle finger in mouth1 reach it forward and jerk it back74 ,cold 7,fists near shoulder and shaken74 ,paint 7,use flat right as a brush to paint flat left74 ,shave 7,use finger or thumb on face as a razor74 ,wash 7,revolve hands on each other as in washing74 ,knife 7,with right fist as though holding knife1 whittle left index74 ,revolver 7,hold out right fist with index extended and thumb up74 ,gun or shooting 7,hold hands as in aiming a gun74 ,drive horses 7,work the two fists1 side by side74 ,give me 7,hold out flat hand1 palm up74 ,write 7,make the action with index74 ,strike 7,strike down with fist74 ,fighting 7,make the fists menace each other74 ,drinking 7,lift right hand to mouth as though it held a glass74 ,smoking 7,make as though holding a pipe and drawing74 ,rub it out 7,wet tips of right fingers1 and seem to rub74 ,thank you 7,bow and1 at the same time1 swing flat right1 palm up1 a little way down and to one side74 ,church 7,hands clasped1 fingers in1 but index fingers up and touching74 ,get up 7,raise flat right1 palm up1 from low up high74 ,sit down 7,drop flat right1 palm down1 from high1 down low74 ,here 7,pointing down1 hand swung in small circle74#a ,in all1 #aaj2 besides the compass points1 the features of the face1 the parts of the body1 the numerals up to #bj or #cj1 and a great many half-established signs1 such as book1 telephone1 ring the bell1 etc41 which1 if allowed1 would bring the number up to nearly #bjj4 ,as another line of observation1 ,i have asked ,new ,york boys1 8,how many signs does the ,broadway policeman use in regulating the traffic80 ,any bright child remembers presently that the officer seldom speaks1 could scarcely be heard if he did4 ,indeed1 he relies chiefly on ,sign ,language and hourly uses the established signs for 8,stop10 8,come on10 8,come here10 8,go right10 8,go left10 8,go back10 8,hurry up10 8,go easy10 8,i warn you10 8,i'll punish you10 8,pass10 8,keep behind me10 8,scorn10 and1 perhaps1 one or two others4 ,while not infrequently the small boy responds with the sign of 8insolent defiance0 that is used the world 'round1 and was probably invented by ,cain and ,abel4 ,similarly1 the car conductor uses the signs for 8,do you want this car80 8,do you want transfer80 8,how many80 8,go on10 as well as most of the above4 ,evidently1 then1 the ,sign ,language is used of necessity in much of our life where speech is impossible4 ,,codes1 ,,etc4 ,it is inevitable that a world-wide language be split into variant forms4 ,besides the fragmentary ,sign ,code among our children1 the more copious list of signs among ,latins1 and the code of the ,cistercian or ,trappist ,monks1 there are the ,deaf ,code and the ,sign ,language of the ,american ,indians4 ,only the two last are widely established and at all complete as languages to-day4 ,,deaf ,,code ,the ,sign ,language used by the deaf was originated in ,france by ,abb de l',epe about #agei1 with a view to facilitating the intercommunication of the deaf4 ,his signs were largely arbitrary or founded on the spelling of ,french words1 usually in abbreviated form1 so that it was merely a short-hand of ,french done into finger-spelling4 ,while this was the case at its beginning1 the deaf themselves had instinctively done so much in the way of introducing pantomime and expressive gesture1 that they have half redeemed the ,code from its unfortunate original plan1 and1 in so doing1 have made themselves intelligible to an immensely larger audience4 ,,the ,,indian ,,code ,so far as ,i can learn1 no student hitherto has compared the various methods without being convinced that the ,american ,indian ,sign ,language is the best extant4 ,it is theoretically perfect and practically complete4 ,in order to make this evident1 ,i must offer a definition and some comparative details4 ,a true ,sign ,language is an established code of logical gestures to convey ideas2 and is designed as an appeal to the eye1 without the assistance of sounds1 grimaces1 apparatus1 personal contact1 written or spoken language1 or reference to words or letters2 preferably made by using only the hands and adjoining parts of the body4 ,measured by these standards1 there is only one true ,gesture ,language in the field to-day2 that is the sign-talk of the ,american ,indians4 ,it is established over the whole area of the ,great ,plains2 and1 though varied locally1 is essentially the same from ,saskatchewan to ,rio ,grande4 ,in general1 it is claimed that there are two well-marked dialects of this3 the northern1 which is a whole hand and a two-hand dialect2 the central and southern1 which is a finger and one-hand dialect4 ,the former is better for far signalling2 the latter for conversation4 ,there are1 however1 many exceptions to these rules2 and1 in any case1 they are so close akin that ,indians from opposite extremes of the ,plains have no difficulty in conversing with each other4 ,the ,cheyennes originally lived in a central region where they had intercourse with a dozen tribes whose spoken language differed from their own2 so they became very expert sign-talkers1 perhaps the best4 ,they have amplified to the number of several thousand signs1 and simplified until theirs has become largely a one-hand code2 therefore1 as far as possible1 ,i make the ,cheyenne sign-talk my standard4 ,all signs herein given ,i have found in use among the southern ,cheyennes and are understood to be ,cheyenne except when another source is specifically mentioned4 ,clark gives first place among gesture talkers to the ,cheyennes and their associates the ,arapahoes1 whose sign-talk was the same1 though their speech was very different1 so that the signs for which he is authority may also be considered ,cheyenne4 ,the signs given me as ,indian by ,sheeaka and his friend1 ,tom ,frosted1 should be cautiously received if one would study the ancient code4 ,sheeaka had in his family a deaf-mute1 who probably imported some signs from the ,deaf ,code1 as indicated4 ,in cases where there were different signs for the same idea1 ,i have selected the simplest and clearest1 the least like other signs2 or1 other things equal1 the one most extensively used1 preferring a one-hand to a two-hand sign4 ,usually that sign is best from the locality where the idea is most familiar4 ,thus the ,sioux sign for 8tree squirrel0 is poor2 the ,modoc sign is very good4 ,the ,navaho signs for 8domestic sheep0 are numerous and clearly differentiated2 those of the north are not1 and refer back to the 8bighorn40 ,southern signs for 8snow0 are descriptive and cumbrous1 while those of the northern tribes are simple and perfect4 ,a ,,comparison ,,of ,,the ,,two ,,codes ,a comparison of the ,deaf and ,indian ,codes seems to emphasize the superiority of the ,indian4 ,the ,deaf was intended to convey1 word by word1 a vocal language2 it assumes that you know the other man's speech1 and can spell4 ,whereas1 the ,indian was invented to over-ride linguistic barriers and1 knowing nothing of spelling1 deals only with ideas4 ,the next great advantage of ,indian style is its picturesqueness4 ,the two systems can be illustrated and fairly compared by the signs for the months4 ,first the ,deaf3 ,january--,sign for ,month1 then ,j1 ,n1 and ,r1 that is #d signs4 ,june--,sign for ,month1 then ,j and ,n1 that is #c signs4 ,july--,sign for ,month1 then ,j and ,l1 again #c signs4 ,whereas the ,indian calls ,january the ,snow ,moon1 thus moon or 8,horns in the sky0 and snow1 that is two signs4 ,june is ,rose ,moon i4e41 horns or ,crescent in the sky and rose 7the right hand plucking an imaginary petal from each finger tip of the left74 ,july is the ,thunder ,moon1 i4e41 horns in the sky1 then the right index darted downward in a quick zigzag to imitate lightning4 ,all need but two signs each4 ,the first involving a certain amount of spelling is limited to those who can read1 and who use that word4 ,the second1 touching nothing but the idea1 is widely acceptable1 much shorter1 and visible much farther off4 ,it was apparently developed for the safe distance beyond arrow range4 ,again the ,indian method is strong in its dignity4 ,the deaf often spoil their sign-talk by grimacing1 the ,indian never does so4 ,one may occasionally help the idea by facial expression1 but it should be used with great reserve1 as there is nothing more unlovely or likely to harm the study of the ,sign ,language than the excessive grimacing that one sometimes sees in an uneducated deaf-mute4 ,the ,indian sign-talker's face is calm and little changed1 his head is moved in graceful sweeps1 and never jerked unless to express some jerky action4 ,his communication is indeed a study in beautiful1 dignified gesture4 ,there is not an ,indian sign in this book that depends on facial expression for its usefulness1 and there are but few that involve the face in any way4 ,last year 7#aiaj7 my friend ,hamlin ,garland met a party of moving picture men returning from a business tour among the ,indians4 ,he asked1 8,did you get two old chiefs talking together in the ,sign ,language80 ,they said 8,no1 hadn't heard of it40 8,then10 he replied1 8you have missed one of the most graceful and rewarding chances for your special art that the western country affords40 ,they were so much impressed with his description that they went back4 ,having brought together two chiefs of diverse speech they got results on their films which amply justified their time and trouble4 ,finally a large number of the signs used by the deaf are conventional and arbitrarily fixed1 dating back about #ajj years1 whereas each ,indian sign is the slow evolutionary product of ages1 with its roots deep in human nature4 ,it is never arbitrary1 but so logical and so reasonable that it is easily and quickly learned4 ,every interested person1 therefore1 must regret profoundly that the teachers of the deaf should have gone out of their way to fabricate an unnatural1 localized code1 when there was awaiting them ready-made1 and already established1 a system founded on universal human nature1 old as the hills1 full of the charms of grace and poetry1 and so logical that any one of any race can learn it in a tithe of the time required for the acquisition of the merest smattering of a spoken language1 and the adoption of which would at once have greatly lessened the handicap of the deaf4 ,one can only suppose that the founders of the code were unaware of the other's existence4 ,undoubtedly actual service has done much to reform and redeem the ,deaf ,code and make it more nearly a true ,sign ,language1 but one cannot help wishing that their teachers would take the inevitable step at once and adopt the natural system4 ,thus we have logic with us as well as the opinion of ethnologic students in giving preference to the ,indian ,system4 ,while in the extent of usage honors are about even1 ,i am credibly assured that about #ajj1jjj people are daily using the ,deaf ,code and an equal number using the ,indian4 ,it is my belief that an available popular ,manual will soon establish the latter as the universal code and result in its further and full development4 ,,attitude ,,toward ,,the ,,sign ,,language ,there are two distinct attitudes toward ,indian ,sign ,language3 ,first1 that of the student who sees in it a beautiful product of evolution1 a perfect demonstration of the subtle laws of speech growth1 the outcome of human mind yearning for converse with human mind1 rebellious at its shut-in loneliness1 battering with its hands the prison walls1 till it could reach out and signal to the next locked-in1 before it had yet found the way of modulated sounds4 ,this1 then1 was the means which responded to the demand for communion and mental fellowship before there was a spoken speech4 ,it began1 as all codes must1 with the broadest1 simplest root ideas1 and expressed their inter-relationships at most by context1 sequence1 proximity1 or emphasis1 but not by inflection4 ,every student of the ,sign ,language is impressed by this thought and very naturally considers every true sign of the old ,sign ,language a thing sacred1 precious as a pre-,homeric manuscript4 ,he believes that to modify it or tamper with it would be to rob it of all value as a living expression of growth1 and much like trying to readjust the crystalline forms on a frost-covered pane by shaping them with a hot iron4 ,the student recognizes it as his first and highest duty to make faithful1 unadulterated1 untooled records of the oldest types of signs4 ,this is the academic attitude4 ,i am fully in sympathy with it4 ,second1 the practical attitude which realizes that ,sign ,language1 never dead1 is coming to its renaissance and can serve many useful ends among us here to-day4 ,but to complete its possibilities it must be brought up to date by the addition of elements that stand for the latest modern ideas2 and therefore does not hesitate to seize on and adopt these elements wherever they may be found4 ,thus1 it may be held1 is a contamination of the thought by interminglement of spurious recent creations4 ,but it is merely submitting the code to the ordinary rules of all language4 ,we should remember1 further1 that the ancient signs1 as well as the modern1 were invented by men who had need of them4 ,the only difference is that the one was invented recently1 the other maybe thousands of years ago2 and that without such changes the ,sign ,language could not serve its beneficent purpose to-day among the deaf1 the distant1 the roar-environed1 the moving picture folk1 and those of unknown speech about us4 ,hand-talk fully developed will find much good work to do2 and it matters little where the elements of the code were gathered so long as they meet with general acceptation2 which implies that they be needed1 serviceable1 and of sound construction4 ,the forty odd ,deaf ,signs included here have been admitted on this basis4 ,,proper ,,names ,there is at least one place where all pure ,sign ,language must fail2 that is in dealing with proper names1 especially new proper names4 ,if ,i wish to signal 8,new ,york ,state0 to an expert sign-talker1 ,i can use the nickname 8,empire ,state0 and signal 8,country great crowned02 or1 for 8,kentucky0 ,i can signal 8,country blue grass02 or ,boston1 8,the ,hub ,city02 or ,chicago 8,windy ,city02 but when ,i come to ,south ,america or ,oberammergau or ,poughkeepsie1 ,i am obliged to fall back on the white man's method and spell the name4 ,for this reason then we begin our sign-talk by teaching the one-handed sign alphabet of the deaf4 ,the two-handed will answer1 but obviously a one-handed sign is better than a two-handed1 other things equal4 ,we aim at simplicity2 and there are many occasions when one has but one hand free4 ,,to ,,what ,,purpose8 ,my own interest in the study had been growing for thirty years1 and to satisfy myself that it was not a mere fad of slight and passing import1 ,i set down carefully the reasons for studying and using the ,sign ,language1 not forgetting its limitations4 ,i set these also in hostile array and will give them first3 ,it is useless in the dark4 ,it cannot serve over the telephone4 ,it can scarcely be written1 except by cumbrous pictographs4 ,it cannot give new proper names2 they must be spelled4 ,but the reasons for the study were more numerous and stronger4 #ast4 ,it develops observation and accurate thinking4 ,all races that excel in sign-talking are noted for their keenness of observation4 ,which is cause and which effect one cannot certainly determine1 but it is sure that this method of communication is excellent practice to develop observation1 and it makes for a wonderfully graphic descriptive power4 ,herein1 perhaps1 is its most enduring1 the least obvious1 claim to a high place4 ,there is a sweet reasonableness1 a mathematical accuracy1 in the fabric of the ,sign ,language that has an insistent and reactionary effect on the mental processes and pictures of those who use it4 ,therefore1 it is valuable for the kind of mind it makes4 #b;d4 ,it is easily learned4 ,unlike most languages1 it is very easily acquired1 for most of the signs are natural in concept1 and so logical that they explain themselves where their history is known4 ,six hundred signs 7that is ideas7 make a fairly good sign-talker4 #c;d4 ,it is ,indian talk4 ,by means of this you can talk to any ,plains ,indian no matter what his speech2 and there are many tribes each with its own tongue or dialect4 ,in some measure it is understood and used by savages and keen observers all over the globe4 #dth4 ,a cognate code is the talk of the deaf2 and is used the world round by them in preference to the manual alphabet when possible2 so that a wide use of the much better ,indian ,sign ,language will certainly result in their accepting it and thus tend to lessen the barrier between the deaf and their more fortunate brethren4 #eth4 ,it is silent talk4 ,it can be used on occasions when it is necessary to give information1 but improper or impossible to speak aloud4 ,thus1 lecturers use it in directing their lanternist2 friends use it for necessary information during musical performances2 it is used at the bedside of the sick1 the actors in a moving picture can utilize it1 and so be comprehended the world round2 the pantomime stage1 forbidden to use speech1 can easily make clear the plot by sign-talk4 ,in a recent letter1 ,prof4 ,j4 ,s4 ,long has furnished me with a touching instance 7one that has since recurred7 that indicates another and final service that the silent method can render3 ,an eminent divine was on his deathbed4 ,his life had been devoted to ministering to the deaf1 he knew the ,sign ,language perfectly2 for several hours before the end his power of ordinary speech had deserted him1 but his mind was clear1 and to the last he conversed freely with those about him1 in this1 the universal talk1 the one which for its exercise depended on muscular powers that in his case were the last of all to fail4 #fth4 ,it allows talk in an uproar4 ,it can be used when great noise makes it impossible to use the voice2 therefore it can be of daily service in modern life1 city or country1 and each year it discovers new uses4 ,friends talk across a rackety thoroughfare or from a moving train2 firemen and policemen1 or sailors in a storm find it of growing service4 ,the baseball umpire uses it when the roar of the multitude makes him voiceless2 the catcher talks to the pitcher2 the aeroplanist talks to his friends on earth2 the stockholder on the curb buys and sells in it2 the football captain or the army officer issues clear sign orders when the uproar of fight would drown even the trumpet call4 ,the politician facing a shrieking mob may find it useful for conveying a few crude truths to his crude1 unruly audience1 thus opening the way for a more usual form of harangue1 or failing in the attempt1 he can at least inform his friends of his next move and his audience what he thinks of them4 ,in ,st4 ,paul's epoch-making address on the stairs of ,jerusalem we have a good illustration of the first part of this4 #gth4 ,it is practical far-talk4 ,it is a valuable method of talking at a distance1 far beyond earshot4 ,compared with the other modes of far-signalling it has the great advantages of speed1 for it gives a sentence while semaphore1 ,morse1 or ,myer code give a letter1 and of inconspicuousness at short range1 or in a crowd2 also it is independent of apparatus4 #hth4 ,it is a true universal language4 ,it is already established4 ,instinctively the whole world has adopted it in a measure2 and daily proofs of this are seen4 ,rasmussen among the ,eskimo would have been helpless1 he tells us1 for he knew not their tongue1 and they not a word of his1 but they were expert sign-talkers and the lingual barrier was swept away4 ,so also ,henry among the ,mandans1 and ,butler among the ,basutos1 while a thousand other cases could be aligned4 ,it is so complete that ,dr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,roe and many others regularly preach and lecture in the language of ,signs1 to congregations in which several spoken tongues are used and would be necessary to the preacher were he limited to sounds4 ,it is so fundamental indeed that it is the easiest means of communicating with animals2 the best trainers of dogs and horses use ,sign ,language as the principal medium of command4 ,but1 for lack of standards and codification1 its use is much smaller than it might be2 and yet larger than commonly supposed4 ,at least #ajj of the #gbe signs herein given are in daily employ among hearing white folk in ,america4 ,after a little extension of the study1 as is inevitable with a standard code1 one will be able to travel all over ,europe1 the world indeed1 on ,sign ,language alone4 ,no matter what the other man's language may be1 ,french1 ,german1 ,russian1 ,greek1 all are the same in the ,sign ,language because it expresses ideas1 not words4 ,this1 then1 is its chief obvious strength--,it is a universal language4 ,it was with this in view that the ,french and ,german equivalents were added after each sign2 and since it is impossible to render in one word a sign that stands for a broad idea and is capable of conveying many meanings1 according to the context and sense1 the foreign equivalents are understood to deal only with the simplest root idea1 that which usually is expressed by the first of the ,english words given4 ,it is my earnest hope that we may have an ,international ,society of the ,sign ,language whose functions would be to keep it pure1 to add new signs as they are needed1 and to aim at its complete development4 ,also1 that in furtherance of this a thorough1 full1 and careful record of the old ,indian ,sign ,language will be made before it is too late2 that is1 before all the old-time ,indians of the ,plains are dead4 ,my own effort is meant not as a record of the past1 but a starting point for the future4 ,,syntax ,,of ,,the ,,sign ,,language#b ,the ,sign ,language is a system of root ideas expressed by gestures1 preferably made only by the hands1 without sounds or reference to letters1 or words1 spoken or written1 and not delimited by anything corresponding to words4 ,there can be but little doubt that ,sign ,language preceded all audible speech4 ,being fundamentally a true spontaneous language1 wholly removed from any spoken language1 it must necessarily have its own syntax and idiom4 ,its syntax is simple and primitive1 much like that of spoken language in its earliest or monosyllabic stage1 as defined by ,hovelacque4 ,yet clearly many signs are amplified by an associated but subsidiary root1 so that we may consider it entering the second or agglutinative stage4 ,thus deer1 signed by holding up the hands to indicate branching horns1 is a simple or isolated root2 but white-tailed deer which gives first deer1 then adds the qualifying sign banner tail by waving the right index up high1 is in close correspondence with agglutinative language4 ,still more so are the signs finished or done added to a verb to show the past tense1 or the different twists to the sign give that turns it respectively into give me or give you1 or the variations of talk which make it mean ,i talk to you1 you talk to me1 or they talk to each other4 ,the sentence construction is elemental4 ,dependent sentences are not used nor are negative or involved questions4 ,the relation of one idea to another is indicated chiefly by proximity and sequence1 rarely by connectives and 7with a few exceptions7 never by inflection4 ,so that the same sign may be the equivalent of a noun1 a verb1 or a phrase1 etc41 according as it is used4 ,,nouns ,,and ,,pronouns ,the ,nominative and ,objective cases are not distinguished except by context and sequence1 that is1 the ,nominative precedes1 the ,objective usually follows1 the verb4 ,a partial exception is the first personal pronoun--the starting point of most inflection--for ,i1 mine1 and me are sometimes given as cognate but distinctive signs4 ,the ,possessive case is usually shown by the addition of the possessive sign1 equivalent to 8his10 8hers10 8its10 etc4 8,that man's0 horse would be signed3 ,man1 that1 his horse1 or ,man1 that there1 possession1 horse4 ,the ,gender of nouns is indicated when necessary by adding the signs male or man and female or woman4 ,thus 8,a ,she bear0 would be rendered ,bear ,woman4 ,the ,number of nouns is indicated by the signs #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 etc41 many or few4 ,in the ,personal ,pronouns the plural is made by adding all to the singular4 ,thus ,me all is the equivalent of 8,we10 ,you all of 8,ye40 ,he all is the equivalent of 8they40 ,the ,person by pointing to myself1 to you1 or to the third person4 ,the first person is understood unless otherwise indicated4 ,,verbs ,the ,verb is usually placed between the subject and the object1 but need of emphasis may change this so the verb comes last4 ,the ,tense of verbs is marked by the auxiliary prefixes now1 future and past1 finished or done4 ,thus 8,i have eaten0 would be ,i done eat1 8,i shall eat0 will be ,i time ahead1 eat4 ,the present is understood1 unless otherwise stated2 but the sign is plastic and may be any part of the verb1 according to context4 ,thus ,arrange1 ,arranged1 or ,arranging are the same4 ,the ,number of the verb is shown by the context4 ,the ,voice is assumed to be active1 indeed the passive is not used4 ,the ,imperative is shown by following the verb with the sign must1 that is1 strike down with right fist1 giving the significance of command1 or else by emphasis4 ,the ,subjunctive is shown by the signs if1 so that1 perhaps4 ,,adjective ,,and ,,adverb ,the ,adjective usually follows the substantive4 ,thus 8,a bad man0 would be rendered ,man bad4 ,but numerals are exceptions to this rule4 ,the ,adverb of time precedes the verb4 ,qualities are compared by the use of the signs little1 more1 much1 most1 ahead1 and behind4 ,they are further modified by adding such signs as strong1 brave1 very much1 or very strong4 ,the ,numeral sign is often prefaced to small numbers to prevent confusion4 ,thus when prefaced by the numeral sign the sign ,wolf may become two and ,man become one4 ,mere particles and expletives1 as 8a0 8the10 etc41 have no equivalent signs4 ,,prepositions ,prepositions were little used by the ,indian sign-talkers1 though they did have above1 about1 across1 around1 at1 below1 beside1 beyond1 by1 for1 from1 in1 near1 on1 out1 to1 under1 upon1 with1 etc4 ,of or pertaining to has been added by the deaf4 ,,conjunctions ,and or also 7add on7 but or if 7pick out or cut off71 so that1 with are the equivalents of conjunctions4 ,sometimes the close continuity of two signs serves the purpose of 8and10 conversely a pause may indicate a full stop4 ,,interrogation ,the sign of interrogation always precedes the question1 but is sometimes added after it as well1 for emphasis or certainty4 ,,period ,,or ,,full ,,stop ,for period1 the sign finished is generally used4 ,the ,blackfeet make the sign broken off and often clap the flat right down on the flat left1 palm to palm1 for both beginning and end of a sentence4 ,,abstract ,,ideas ,abstract ideas are not copiously rendered in signs4 ,but it often happens that a gesture with the index alone is specific1 while the same gesture with the flat hand becomes abstract4 ,for example1 compare yonder and far1 up and up there4 ,,opposition ,the principle of opposition as pointed out by ,mallery plays an important part in the pairing of signs4 ,thus above being fixed1 below is the reverse2 the sign come is reversed in go1 and out reversed in in1 etc4 ,,emphasis ,emphasis is sometimes given by using both hands for a sign that can be made by one1 sometimes by repeating the sign1 sometimes by energetic rendering1 and sometimes by adding the sign very much or heap4 ,,parallel ,,or ,,duplicate ,,signs ,many signs are made by parallel action of both hands4 ,most of these are permissibly rendered by using only one hand as1 woman1 abandon1 gratitude1 etc4 ,,enunciation ,,or ,,delivery ,in actual and expert practice most signs are abbreviated4 ,but the beginner1 as in all new arts1 should go slowly and be careful to make each sign clear-cut and complete in itself4 ,the hands are always held or moved so as to illustrate1 as far as possible1 the action in mind or its manner1 or its direction1 or the point where it takes place1 or the shape of an object1 or their relative positions if two objects are being considered4 ,,elegance ,grace and dignity are of large importance in all good sign-talk4 ,ugly or vulgar gestures should be abandoned4 ,even angular gestures should be avoided1 except to express some angular idea4 ,many times my ,indian teachers have said to me as ,i imitated their signs1 8,yes1 that is correct enough in a way1 but it is awkward02 or 8it is not graceful4 ,we do it this way40 ,then they sketched the same structure1 but in sweeping lines4 ,in this work many movements are indicated in straight lines1 for the sake of simplicity4 ,as a matter of fact1 ,i never saw a ,cheyenne make a straight-line movement1 all had a graceful curve4 ,many signs are followed by a changeable liaison2 that is1 by an introduced sweep to join it on to the sign that follows and avoid a jerk or unpleasant movement4 ,this elegant manner is what ,i call an ,indian accent1 few whites achieve it4 ,in a dignified way1 the expression of face and the pose were used in elucidation of the gesture1 but very sparingly4 ,,the ,,concept ,,and ,,its ,,value ,the student of vocal language finds vital help in remembering the derivation of words2 so also the sign-talker4 ,most signs were pantomimic originally1 but through much use have become shortened1 till now they are conventional4 ,yet it is well worth while in each case to note the original concept as fully as possible2 first as a great help to the memory1 and second as a guard against slovenly gesture and a guarantee of point1 power1 and structural accuracy4 ,some of the concepts given are evidently right1 but some are mere guesses1 probably wrong in many cases4 ,it is quite permissible in any one to challenge any of them4 ,nevertheless1 the fact that most signs are capable of logical explanation does not mean that they are self-explanatory4 ,indeed nearly all have become conventional1 and each must be learned separately before it can be rightly used4 ,signs which make the heart the seat of the mind are1 ,i think1 older than those which give the place of honor to the brain4 ,,the ,,manual ,,alphabet ,although not at all ,indian1 it is exceedingly helpful to know the single-hand alphabet as given in the cut on page li2 partly because it must sometimes be used for giving proper names and also because it saves time in describing hand positions4 ,for example1 we say 8position ,a or ,b0 instead of describing each hand all over again for each new sign4 ,,the ,,numerals ,fingers and numbers are nearly synonymous the world round when making signs1 manual or written1 hence the universality of the decimal system4 ,the ,indian ,code1 the ,popular ,code1 and the ,deaf ,code are nearly alike in this1 but in most points of difference the ,indian is best4 ,to prevent mistakes in certain cases preface the number with the sign of numbers or arithmetic4 ,,the ,,ordinals ,for ,ordinals1 make the figure sign1 #a1 #b1 or whatever it is1 then without changing the position of hand or arm1 give the hand a twisting from the wrist1 to add point or emphasis1 meaning 8number-so-and-so40 ,this is not ,indian but adopted from the ,deaf1 nevertheless quite logical4 ,,illustrations ,,of ,,sign ,,language ,clark gives the following 7pp4 #ag-ah7 as a good illustration of the syntax of the ,sign ,language3 ,in ,english4 8,i arrived here to-day to make a treaty--my one hundred lodges are camped beyond the ,black ,hills1 near the ,yellowstone ,river4 ,you are a great chief--pity me1 ,i am poor1 my five children are sick and have nothing to eat4 ,the snow is deep and the weather intensely cold4 ,perhaps ,god sees me4 ,i am going4 ,in one month ,i shall reach my camp40 ,in ,signs1 this literally translated would read1 ,i--arrive here--to-day --to make--treaty4 ,my--hundred--lodge--camp--beyond--,hill s--,black--near--river --called--,elk--you--chief--great--pity me--,i--poor--,my--five--child--sick--fo od --all gone 7or wiped out7--,snow--deep--cold--brave 7or strong74 ,perhaps--,chief ,great 7or ,great ,mystery7--above--see--me--,i--go4 ,moon--die--,i--arrive there--my --camp4 8,an ,indian in closing or terminating a talk or speech wishing to say1 #8,i have finished my speech or conversation1' or1 #8,i have nothing more to say1' simply makes the sign for #8,done' or #8,finished4'0 ,,the ,,lord',s ,,prayer ,,father ,,isadore',s ,,version ,our ,father up high1 medicine thy name4 ,thy sit-aboard down here on earth as up high4 ,give us all bread4 ,forgive our bad as we forgive bad4 ,lead us bad not4 ,ended4 ,professor ,elmer ,d4 ,read has supplied me with the foregoing two examples done into the ,sign ,language of the deaf1 as below3 ,i--came--here--to-day--make--agreement 7think parallel7--name 7written74 ,my--#a ,c 7#ajj7 tents--beyond--,b-l-a-c-k ,h-i-l-l-s1 near ,y-e-l-l-o-w-s-t-o-n-e water flow4 ,you--most--chief1 feel--tender--me4 ,i--ragged sleeve 7poor74 ,my--five--children 7sign size7--sick--nothing--eat4 ,snow--deep4 ,weather 7air1 wind7--very cold4 ,perhaps--,god--look down on 7see7 me4 ,i--go4 ,in--one--month--,i--shall--arrive--tent s--home 7eat1 sleep74 ,the ,lord's ,prayer in ,deaf ,signs3 ,our--,father--sky--into4 ,honored--thy--name--truly4 ,thy--kingdom--come2 ,thy--law--do--on--earth--as--in--sky4 ,give--us--our--bread--daily4 ,forgive--us--our--lawbreaking--as--we-- forgive--those--injure--us4 ,lead--us--not--in--temptation1 ,but--save 7break our tied hands7--us--from--lawbreaking4 ,because--thine--kingdom1 power1 and--glory--forever4 ,amen4 ,,picture-,,writing ,as already noted1 a weakness of ,sign ,language is the difficulty of writing it without translating it into words1 and thereby changing its nature and its world-wide application4 ,yet it can be written2 and some mention of its recorded form may fitly round out this introduction4 ,the characters used1 because they represent ideas1 not words or letters1 are called ideographs or picture-writing4 ,it is widely believed that ,sign ,language is the oldest of all languages1 that indeed it existed among animals before man appeared on earth4 ,it is universally accepted that the ideograph is the oldest of all writing4 ,the ,chinese writing1 for instance1 is merely picture-writing done with as few lines as possible4 ,thus1 it is said that their curious character for ,hearing was once a complete picture of a person listening behind a screen1 but in time it was reduced by hasty hands to a few scratches2 and ,war1 now a few spider marks1 was originally a sketch of ,two women in one house4 ,we may also record our ,sign ,language in picture-writing1 as was the custom of many ,indian tribes2 and we shall find it worth while for several reasons3 it is picturesque and useful for decoration2 and it is likely that a pictographic inscription dug up #aj1jjj years from now would be read1 whether our language was understood or not4#c ,when the ,french ,government set up the ,obelisk of ,luxor1 in ,paris1 and wished to inscribe it for all time1 they made record1 not in ,french or ,latin1 but in pictographs4 ,it is1 moreover1 a good thing to take the young through the stages of race development2 just as the young bird must run for a send-off1 before it flies1 so pictography1 being its earliest form1 is the natural first step to writing4 ,in this dictionary ,i give the written form after many of the signs that have an established pictograph4 ,these are chiefly from ,mallery1 #ajth ,annual ,report ,bureau of ,american ,ethnology4 ,a few are popularly accepted among ourselves4 ,,note ,the letters1 initials1 etc41 after the paragraphs indicate the chief authority for the sign4 ,where no authority is given1 it means that the sign was observed by myself among the ,cheyenne ,indians4 ,those ascribed to other ,indians also were observed by myself4 ,besides these the following are cited3 ,c4 ,standing for ,captain ,william ,philo ,clark1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,scott1 for ,general ,hugh ,l4 ,scott1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,seger1 for ,john ,m4 ,seger1 of ,colony1 ,oklahoma4 ,r4 ,b41 for ,robert ,burns1 the ,cheyenne interpreter at ,concho1 ,oklahoma4 ,long1 for ,major ,stephen ,h4 ,long1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,pop4 for ,popular2 that is1 established among ourselves4 ,d4 for ,deaf ,sign1 as given in ,j4 ,schuyler ,long's ,dictionary4 ,,general ,,instructions ,the drawing shows the hands as seen by the second person4 ,the digits are named3 thumb1 first or index finger1 second or middle finger1 third or ring-finger1 and fourth or little finger4 ,the following marks1 etc41 are used in the illustrations3 ,unless otherwise stated the solid outline indicates the position of the hands at the beginning of a sign1 the dotted outlines indicate the position of the hands at the finish4 4444444444444444 ,dotted lines indicate the course of hand employed in the sign4 ,indicates the commencement point of the movement4 ,indicates the direction of movement4 ,x ,indicates the point in the gesture line at which the hand position is 7x7 changed4 ,or full stop represents the termination of the movement4 8,a hand0 means like ,a1 and 8,b hand0 means like ,b1 etc41 in the one-handed ,deaf ,alphabet 7,cut #a7 on next page4 ,the positions meant by 8#d hand10 8#e hand10 8flat hand10 8flat fist10 or 8compressed hand10 are figured on the same page4 ,begin by learning the ,single-hand ,manual alphabet as noted above4 ,next learn the ,numbers and the signs for ,question and its combinations2 also ,yes and ,no1 ,good and ,bad1 ,come and ,go1 ,big and ,small1 ,truth and ,lie1 ,strong and ,weak1 ,understand1 ,perhaps1 ,talk and ,sign-talk1 after this refer to the ,dictionary for the signs that serve your purpose and use them according to the rules of syntax as herein set forth4 ,never lose a chance of talking the ,sign ,language with an old ,plains ,indian1 preferably of the ,cheyenne or ,arapahoe tribes4 ,their wonderful facility and grace are as hard to convey on paper as the pronunciation of ,french1 and are as essential for the best style in ,sign ,talk4 ,one may1 indeed1 know every sign in this book and not be a good sign-talker1 so fundamental is this correct accent1 or manner4 ,illustration ,footnotes #a ,professor ,elmer ,d4 ,read writes me that all of these are in use among the deaf also1 except the signs for 8shame0 and 8church02 for these they make the ,indian signs 8red0 and 8house prayer10 respectively4 #b 8,after going carefully over your syntax ,i approve it in the main but ,i think it quite likely that many of the rules are not so inflexible as this makes them seem2 besides which1 there must be always a certain amount of modification by transliteration from the spoken language of those using the signs4 ,this would manifest itself in a growing conformity of the ,sign ,language syntax to that of the more dominant spoken language40--,f4 ,w4 ,hodge 7,ethnologist1 ,smithsonian ,institution74 #c ,since the above was written1 ,i have come across ,l4 ,f4 ,hadley's pictographic writing of the ,sign ,language1 fully set forth in the bibliographical matter4 ,e4 ,t4 ,s4 ,,sign ,,talk ,a ,universal ,signal ,code1 ,without ,apparatus1 for ,use in the ,army1 the ,navy1 ,camping1 ,hunting1 ,daily ,life and ,among the ,plains ,indians ,,sign ,,talk ,,of ,,the ,,american ,,indians ,,by ,,ernest ,,thompson ,,seton 8,a hand10 8,g hand10 8flat hand0 etc41 mean like 8,a10 8,g10 8flat10 etc41 on page li4 ,a ,illustration ,abandon1 ,give ,it up 7,thrown away1 chucked74 ,hold both ,s hands1 backs up1 near left breast1 briskly swing both down to left side1 opening them with a snap and giving a slight rebound to the hands after the movement1 as though emphatically throwing away something4 ,sometimes only one hand is used4 ,compare ,bad1 ,hate1 and ,charge4 ,see ,divorce4 ,fr4 abandonner2 ,ger4 aufgeben4 ,able4 ,see ,can4 ,illustration ,aboard 7,sitting down on74 ,left hand out flat1 palm up1 right ,s hand on it1 thumb up4 ,compare ,sit down4 ,fr4 bord2 ,ger4 an ,bord4 ,illustration ,about or ,around4 ,hold the flat left hand pointing forward1 up and to the right1 encircle it several times with the right ,g finger4 ,if possible1 make it concrete by indicating the very thing that was encircled4 ,fr4 autour2 ,ger4 um 444 herum4 ,about1 in the sense of ,near by or ,almost4 ,see ,close4 ,illustration ,above or ,over 7,one thing above another74 ,bring the flat left hand1 back up1 in front of and a little to the left of body2 left forearm horizontal1 fingers pointing to right and front2 bring the flat right hand1 back up over the left in a semi-circle upward large or small1 as best suggests the actual distance4 ,has been used for ,more than4 ,compare ,beyond4 ,fr4 au-dessus2 ,ger4 ber4 7,below is the reverse of this47 ,absent4 ,see ,empty4 ,illustration ,abuse to ,scold or ,defame 7,throwing lies against one74 ,hold the right ,v hand near the mouth1 pointing to left4 ,jerk it forward toward person once or twice4 ,for ,abusing me make the sign lower opposite the left breast and inward toward one's self4 ,fr4 calomnier1 injurier2 ,ger4 schmhen1 beschimpfen4 ,accident4 ,see ,free1 also ,luck4 ,illustration ,ache or ,pain4 ,thrust ,g finger many times in different directions over and parallel to the part4 ,compare ,wound and ,sick4 ,fr4 la douleur2 ,ger4 der ,schmerz4 ,illustration ,across1 ,cross1 or ,over 7,crossing a ridge74 ,hold the flat left hand out1 palm down1 and pointing forward and toward the right1 pass the flat right hand edgewise across the back of the left4 ,if but one person is meant1 the right ,g is sometimes used4 ,this sign as illustrated is often used for ,council4 ,see ,council and ,laws4 ,fr4 d'un ct l'autre1 traverser2 ,ger4 hinber4 ,illustration ,act1 as in a theatre play4 ,hold ,a hands in front perpendicularly1 move up and down alternately as though the thumbs were two puppets4 7,deaf sign1 not used or understood by ,indians47 ,compare ,play and ,follow4 ,act1 as in a play4 ,sign ,face1 ,two1 ,dance 7that is dancing with a mask7 7not established74 ,fr4 jouer2 ,ger4 spielen4 ,act or ,deed4 ,see ,work4 ,illustration ,add to 7,piling up74 ,flat left hand pointing to the right and front1 palm up1 forearm horizontal2 the palm of flat right hand is placed on top of left hand a number of times1 the left hand being raised a couple of inches each time1 to meet it2 the movement ends with left hand as high as top of the head4 ,often it is done as in the illustration but with palm of left down4 ,adjectives1 see ,comparative4 ,adulation4 ,kissing the back of the hand4 7,pop47 ,not ,indian1 but they understand it now4 7,r4 ,b47 ,fr4 la flatterie2 ,ger4 die ,schmeichelei4 ,illustration ,advance4 ,both flat hands back up1 pointing forward1 tandem1 right in advance1 six inches ahead 7the fingers extended7 moved forward together in gentle jerks4 ,compare ,move camp4 ,fr4 avancer2 ,ger4 vorschreiten4 ,illustration ,advance ,guard 7,the one ahead1 looking74 ,flat left hand back up1 pointing forward1 breast high2 place ,g right just before it1 then turn right ,g into ,v to mean ,looking4 ,also used for ,scout4 ,compare ,ahead4 ,fr4 l'avant-garde2 ,ger4 die ,vorhut4 ,advise or ,advice4 ,sign ,talk1 ,make1 ,way4 7,c7 ,sign ,help and ,talk would be near it4 ,fr4 conseiller2 ,ger4 raten4 ,illustration ,afraid 7,shaking heart74 ,sign ,heart then shake it up and down two or three times1 to indicate the throbbing action of the heart under influence of fear4 ,or more strongly1 sign ,heart and then finish by raising the hand until its back strikes the chin1 to mean the heart rises in the throat4 ,fr4 effray2 ,ger4 ngstlich4 ,illustration ,afraid or ,cowardly 7,seger says this means ,buffalo backing out of fight2 that is1 8drawing in his horns407 ,hold out both ,g hands level1 backs out1 ,g fingers hooked like horns1 draw them straight back together for six inches4 ,mostly but one hand is used4 ,compare ,bring4 ,fr4 lche1 poltron2 ,ger4 feige4 ,afraid of no one4 ,point right ,g in several directions1 then add ,afraid1 ,not4 ,fr4 peur de personne2 ,ger4 vor niemand ,angst haben4 ,illustration ,after1 ,behind1 or ,late 7,time or space74 ,g fingers pointing forward at an angle in front of body2 left in advance4 ,draw the right over and behind the left4 ,draw it back a little way for a little bit after2 but far back and low down for a long way behind4 ,some finish by clenching the right hand4 ,if it meant that one is behind the rest1 use the flat left hand1 palm down1 in advance1 with right ,g behind4 ,fr4 aprs2 ,ger4 hinter1 nach4 ,illustration ,afternoon4 ,make a circle of right thumb and index and sweep it over the afternoon half of the sky from the zenith down4 ,compare ,sunset4 ,fr4 l'aprs-midi2 ,ger4 der ,nachmittag4 ,again4 ,see ,repeat or ,more4 ,against1 i4e41 ,go ,against4 ,thrust the tips of the flat right1 back out1 square against the palm of the flat left held pointing level forward1 back to left4 ,see also ,oppose4 ,compare ,quandary4 ,fr4 contre2 ,ger4 wider4 ,agent1 ,indian4 ,sign ,whiteman and ,chief1 ,give all4 ,the ,southern ,cheyennes sign ,chief and pull teeth1 because their first agent had false upper teeth4 ,agitate4 ,see ,excite4 ,agree4 ,sign ,you1 ,i1 think1 same4 ,sometimes use ,equal4 ,see also ,treaty4 ,fr4 s'accorder2 ,ger4 bereinstimmen4 ,agreement4 ,see ,treaty4 ,illustration ,ago1 ,time back1 ,past1 or ,back4 ,sign ,time and point back over the right shoulder with right finger ,g4 ,sometimes the thumb or the whole hand is used instead of the index4 ,see ,back4 ,fr4 pass1 il y a quelque temps2 ,ger4 vorher1 frher4 ,illustration ,ahead or ,before 7,in time74 ,hold out the left ,g pointing forward and up2 swing the right ,g over the left to a place in front of it1 both pointing the same way4 ,some finish by closing and lowering the right fist4 ,compare ,after4 ,fr4 avant2 ,ger4 vor4 ,illustration ,ahead or ,before others 7,in space or rank74 ,hold out flat left1 back up1 near breast1 pointing forward and slightly upward2 then hold right ,g just before it4 ,compare ,advance ,guard1 which it exactly resembles1 except that this omits ,looking4 ,fr4 en avant2 ,ger4 vor4 ,air4 ,see ,wind4 ,illustration ,alight or ,descend4 ,indicate from what1 then drop right ,v fingers downward onto flat left palm4 ,see ,dismount4 ,fr4 descendre2 ,ger4 absteigen1 hinuntersteigen4 ,alike1 to ,look like or ,resemble 7,of persons74 ,make the signs ,face and ,equal4 ,fr4 semblable2 ,ger4 hnlich sein4 ,illustration ,alive1 ,live1 ,life1 or ,all right 7,walking about1 upright74 ,hold index of right hand upright1 move it about shoulder high1 forward in long slow zigzags sidewise1 always turning it so as to move palm forward4 ,also used for ,be or ,exist4 ,see ,life1 ,deer1 and ,nothing4 ,the ,blackfeet use the sign ,grow for this idea4 ,see ,wandering4 ,fr4 vivant2 ,ger4 lebendig4 ,illustration ,all4 ,with right hand flat and back up1 describe a large horizontal circle1 shoulder high4 ,fr4 tout2 ,ger4 alles4 ,illustration ,all gone or ,empty 7,hands swept clean74 ,both #e hands in front of body1 backs out1 right nearer2 loosely brush fingers of right on left palm1 moving right outward1 then reverse and repeat4 ,sometimes begin with sign ,all4 ,see ,wipe out4 ,fr4 vide2 ,ger4 leer4 ,illustration ,alliance or ,friendship 7,linked together74 ,form two circles with thumbs and index fingers1 and link them together1 other fingers closed4 ,some use only index fingers hooked together4 ,fr4 l'alliance2 ,ger4 das ,bndnis4 ,all right4 ,see ,good or sometimes ,alive4 ,illustration ,all the time4 ,hold up the left ,g1 pointing upward1 forward1 and to the right2 strike on it with right ,g near the tip1 then every inch or so up to the arm4 ,see ,many times1 ,cheyenne and ,buy4 ,fr4 toujours2 ,ger4 immerzu4 ,illustration ,alone or ,only 7,living and moving singly74 ,move the right ,g hand1 pointed upward1 slowly forward and to left in a line slightly waving to right and left4 ,compare ,alive1 ,life1 ,man1 ,one and ,up there4 ,fr4 seul2 ,ger4 allein4 ,already4 ,see ,now4 ,illustration ,always1 ,ever1 or ,forever 7,going on in cycles74 ,with elbow at side1 hold the right ,g hand pointing forward2 move hand forward1 describing circles with the index1 the result a spiral1 ending with the index raised4 7,frosted1 borrowed from the ,deaf ,code47 ,always4 ,sign ,long time1 ,wiped out1 and ,not4 ,sometimes sign ,stop1 ,not4 7,blackfoot signs47 ,see ,all the time4 ,fr4 toujours2 ,ger4 immer4 ,ambitious 7,pushing to rise74 ,indicate a person1 then sign ,push and ,rising man1 or omit last4 ,fr4 ambitieux2 ,ger4 ehrgeizig4 ,american4 ,see ,nationalities4 ,illustration ,ammunition 7,cartridges in belt74 ,lay the flat hands1 palm in1 on belt1 then add ,shoot by shooting the right ,g forward4 7,not ,cheyenne1 but understood47 ,fr4 les munitions2 ,ger4 die ,munition4 ,illustration ,among4 ,hold the left #e hand in front of neck1 pointing upward1 move right ,g index 7pointing down7 in and through4 ,sometimes use ,with4 ,fr4 parmi2 ,ger4 unter4 ,illustration ,ancestor4 ,repeat the sign for ,father several times1 with the flat left hand held back out on the breast1 and each time pushed farther away1 the ,father sign made beyond it4 7,crow sign47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,father and ,old4 ,fr4 l'anctre2 ,ger4 der ,vorvater4 ,illustration ,and or ,also 7,meet and go together74 ,the spread flat right hand1 breast high1 back forward1 drawn six inches to the right and closed to flat hand4 7,deaf sign47 ,compare ,horse4 ,the ,cheyennes use ,equal or ,increase1 according to the sense2 or sometimes ,with or ,add4 ,fr4 et1 aussi2 ,ger4 und1 auch4 ,illustration ,angry 7,mind twisted74 ,twist the ,a hand against or near the forehead4 ,seger maintains that this means a 8mad buffalo breaking off his own horns40 ,possibly he is right2 for the older signs make the heart1 not the head1 the place of the mind1 and this must be a very old sign4 ,some of the ,blackfeet make this sign over the heart4 ,some grind on the heart with the flat right fist1 palm in1 after pointing to the person2 meaning1 8he grinds my heart40 ,see ,sorrow4 ,fr4 en colre2 ,ger4 bse1 zornig4 ,illustration ,animal or ,quadruped 7,jumper74 ,the compressed right hand1 back up1 advanced in short jumps1 as in ,frog and ,weasel4 ,sometimes the sign ,ground is made1 first by sweeping the flat right across1 palm up4 8,leaping0 is generic for the quadruped as 8,flying0 is generic for ,bird4 ,compare ,jump4 ,used by ,blackfeet4 ,the ,cheyennes considered it incomplete4 ,fr4 l'animal2 ,ger4 das ,tier4 ,annihilate4 ,see ,exterminate or ,wipe out4 ,annoyance4 ,see ,trouble4 ,annul4 ,see ,rub it out4 ,illustration ,another or ,other 7one other74 ,hold out flat right1 back up1 swing it slowly up1 out1 far to right and down low1 turning it palm up4 ,compare ,fall and ,lie down4 ,fr4 un autre2 ,ger4 ein anderer4 ,another person4 ,as above1 but use right ,g4 7,blackfoot47 ,in this1 as usual1 the index up alone means ,man4 ,this gesture is so natural that many whites use it2 as1 for example1 in saying impatiently3 8,that was another man altogether40 ,illustration ,answer 7,talk come back74 ,push right ,g from the mouth in the sign ,talk1 then draw back reversed2 that is1 pointing to one's own face or ear4 7,blackfoot47 ,the ,cheyennes use ,talk1 ,arrived here4 ,illustration ,answer1 ,reply1 ,respond 7,the word that follows the other74 ,right ,g index upright on lips1 left six inches ahead and parallel2 move them together toward the person4 7,frosted1 borrowed from the ,deaf ,code47 ,fr4 la rponse2 ,ger4 die ,antwort4 ,illustration ,antelope 7,pronged horns of the animal74 ,bring the ,l hands palm toward and alongside of the head1 near the base of the ears4 ,fr4 l'antelope2 ,ger4 die ,antilope4 ,anxious4 ,see ,want4 ,illustration ,any 7,scattering74 ,place the right ,a hand near left side1 elbow high2 draw it down and out to right side in a shaky curve4 7,deaf sign47 ,use ,here and ,there4 7,cheyennes47 ,fr4 quelconque1 quelque2 ,ger4 irgend ein4 ,apache4 ,see ,indian4 ,appear1 ,to come into view4 ,see ,come into view4 ,illustration ,appears1 ,seems1 or ,looks like 7,see and ,same74 ,hold up flat right hand1 thumb toward self1 shoulder high2 throw it forward and turn palm toward self1 fixing the eyes on it and sign ,same4 ,sometimes use the sign for ,look before ,same4 7,frosted2 probably adopted from ,deaf ,code47 ,fr4 paratre2 ,ger4 aussehen1 erscheinen4 ,applause4 ,see ,approval4 ,illustration ,approach or ,moving toward4 ,hold partly bent left hand well in front1 breast high1 to left side1 palm to you and right similarly to right1 but quite near to you2 move the latter slowly forward toward former1 but not to touch it by several inches4 ,some use right ,g4 ,see ,arrive there and ,quandary4 ,fr4 approcher2 ,ger4 nher kommen4 ,approval1 ,applause1 or ,praise4 ,make the motion of clapping the hands1 but without noise4 ,a white man's sign1 but now generally understood4 ,fr4 l'approbation2 ,ger4 der ,beifall4 ,illustration ,arise or ,get up4 ,hold out right ,g1 back down2 raise the arm with a swing and snap and bend the wrist till the finger points straight up4 ,for a large number1 use both #e hands4 ,fr4 se lever2 ,ger4 aufstehen4 ,arithmetic4 ,see ,numeral4 ,around4 ,see ,about4 ,illustration ,arrange 7,parfleches placed in teepee74 ,with flat right1 slightly curved1 back out1 strike half a dozen times in a circle1 turning to watch the hand2 then add ,good4 ,sometimes omit ,good4 ,or1 sign ,work and ,fix4 ,see ,ready4 ,fr4 arranger2 ,ger4 ordnen1 einrichten4 ,illustration ,arrest or ,imprison 7,to seize hold of and tie at wrists74 ,sign ,seize and then add ,prisoner2 that is1 cross the wrists1 hands closed4 ,sometimes the upright left forearm with ,s hand1 back to left1 is held near the left shoulder1 grasp left wrist with right hand and pull it a little distance to right4 ,fr4 arrter2 ,ger4 verhaften4 ,illustration ,arrive here or ,get here4 ,hold the flat left hand1 back out1 near the breast1 fingers pointing to right2 carry right ,g1 back to front1 well out in front of body2 bring the right hand briskly against back of left4 ,often the flat right is used instead of right ,g4 ,fr4 arriver ici2 ,ger4 hier ankommen4 ,illustration ,arrive there or ,reach4 ,hold the flat left hand1 back to front1 well out in front of body1 about height of neck1 pointing to right2 bring right ,g hand1 palm outward1 in front of and close to neck1 carry the right hand out sharply to strike the palm of the left4 ,fr4 y arriver2 ,ger4 hinkommen4 ,illustration ,arrogance4 ,a haughty lifting of the eyebrows and sidelong1 disdainful look down as upon an inferior4 7,scott47 ,sign ,head1 ,big4 ,in the popular code1 indicate big chest4 ,see ,conceit and ,pride4 ,fr4 l'arrogance2 ,ger4 die ,anmaszung4 ,illustration ,arrow4 ,make1 with a long swing1 the motion of drawing an arrow from the left hand4 ,fr4 la flche2 ,ger4 der ,pfeil4 ,illustration ,as or ,than4 ,both hands1 ,g fingers parallel1 level1 forward near right side2 carry them over to left in similar position4 7,a sign borrowed from the ,deaf1 ,frosted47 ,this is the same as ,who2 only the context can show which is meant4 ,sign ,same or ,beside4 ,fr4 comme1 que2 ,ger4 wie1 als4 ,illustration ,ascend4 ,indicate the object 7hill1 tree1 etc471 then press right ,g against it1 raising the same in jerks4 ,compare ,famous4 ,fr4 monter2 ,ger4 hinaufsteigen4 ,illustration ,ashamed or ,bashful 7,drawing blanket over face74 ,flat hands pointing up1 palms in1 close to face and moved in till the wrists crossed1 right nearest the face2 bow the head a little4 ,compare ,blind and ,dark4 ,the bowing of the head was not generally done1 yet is the only feature to distinguish it from ,dark4 ,fr4 honteux2 ,ger4 verschmt1 verlegen4 ,illustration ,ashamed 7,i am ashamed74 ,cover the face and eyes with both hands4 7,pop47 ,fr4 avoir honte2 ,ger4 sich schmen4 ,illustration ,ashamed 7,you should be74 ,see ,shame4 ,ashes4 ,sign ,fire and ,powder4 ,fr4 la cendre2 ,ger4 die ,asche4 ,ask4 ,see ,beg4 ,assiniboine4 ,see ,indian4 ,illustration ,astonishment or ,wonder4 ,lay the flat palm of left hand over the open mouth and draw the body backward4 ,sometimes1 also1 raise right hand flat1 palm forward4 ,fr4 l'tonnement2 ,ger4 die ,verwunderung4 ,astray4 ,see ,lost4 ,astride4 ,see ,horseman4 ,illustration ,at4 ,hold left flat hand1 back up1 pointing partly up2 strike the back with right flat hand4 ,fr4 2 ,ger4 an1 auf4 ,attempt4 ,see ,try4 ,attention 7,a command74 ,see ,call4 ,aunt4 ,sign ,father 7or ,mother7 and ,sister4 ,or1 sign ,woman with right1 then tuck compressed right1 point down1 under left arm pit4 7,r4 ,b47 ,fr4 la tante2 ,ger4 die ,tante4 ,illustration ,aurora or ,northern ,lights4 ,both hands1 backs down1 half closed1 thumb and finger tips together1 raised very high and spread with a sweep to indicate flashes4 ,it should be done facing north4 ,it is helped if the hands when at the highest are swung apart in an arch4 ,fr4 l'aurore borale2 ,ger4 das ,nordlicht4 ,automobile4 ,see ,motor car4 ,illustration ,autumn 7,leaf-falling time74 ,make the sign for ,tree with both hands1 then for ,leaf with the right near the left finger tips1 then drop the leaf with tremulous1 wavy motion down and to right4 ,fr4 l'automne2 ,ger4 der ,herbst4 ,illustration ,avoid or ,miss4 ,hold up ,g hands1 move them toward each other as in ,meet1 but carry left well outside1 past and beyond without meeting4 ,compare ,meet1 ,trade1 and ,mistake4 ,fr4 viter2 ,ger4 vermeiden4 ,illustration ,awl4 ,bore right ,g finger into left palm4 ,or1 over the left ,g as in sewing4 ,fr4 l'alne2 ,ger4 die ,ahle4 ,illustration ,axe or ,hatchet4 ,hold out the flat right hand1 back to right1 wrist bent downward4 ,make as though chopping with it2 that is1 strike down once or twice4 ,some also grasp it near the elbow with left index and thumb1 but the ,cheyennes omit this4 ,for ,hatchet1 indicate ,size4 ,see ,tomahawk4 ,fr4 la hache2 ,ger4 das ,beil4 ,b ,illustration ,baby4 ,swing the flat right hand 7sometimes ,s hand7 in the hollow of the left arm as though it were a baby4 ,add signs for sex and size when needed4 ,compare ,tomahawk4 ,fr4 le bb2 ,ger4 das ,kindchen1 der ,sugling4 ,bachelor4 ,sign ,man1 ,marriage1 ,no4 7,c7 ,fr4 le clibataire2 ,ger4 der ,junggeselle4 ,back or ,again4 ,see ,repeat4 ,illustration ,back1 ,backward1 ,ago1 or ,past 7,in time or space74 ,throw right #e hand thumb first back over right shoulder once or twice4 ,see ,ago4 ,fr4 en arrire2 ,ger4 hinten1 zurck4 ,illustration ,backbite4 ,lay the right ,v hand on the mouth1 as in ,lie1 then lay it on the back of the right shoulder4 7,blackfoot47 ,backbite4 ,sign ,scold1 ,talk1 and ,hide4 ,fr4 mdire de2 ,ger4 verleumden4 ,illustration ,illustration ,bacon 7,meat and thin74 ,hold out the flat left hand1 thumb edge up2 with thumb and finger tips of right back down1 rub little finger of left4 ,hadley gives this with the right hand over4 ,it makes a better sign1 but ,i never saw it used that way4 ,compare ,meat and ,thin and ,oil4 ,fr4 le lard2 ,ger4 der ,speck4 ,illustration ,bad or ,evil 7,suddenly thrown away74 ,hold clenched fist1 back up1 near breast2 throw it forward1 down1 and aside1 opening the hand4 ,sometimes for emphasis both hands are used4 ,compare ,abandon1 ,charge1 and ,hate4 ,fr4 mauvais2 ,ger4 schlecht4 ,illustration ,badger 7,walks under ground74 ,sign ,hole1 ,enter1 and ,walk4 ,the ,blackfeet sign is ,striped-face with size and pawing indicated4 ,fr4 le blaireau2 ,ger4 der ,dachs4 ,bad ,taste4 ,see ,taste ,bad4 ,illustration ,bag4 ,left ,c hand1 back out2 drop compressed right into this2 then sometimes indicate thickness with flat hands pointing straight up4 ,fr4 le sac2 ,ger4 der ,sack4 ,bald4 ,lay the flat right hand on the forehead1 draw it up and back to the top of the head4 ,touch the hair and sign ,wiped-out4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 chauve2 ,ger4 kahlkpfig4 ,illustration ,band or ,patrol 7,banded together74 ,hold the compressed left hand pointing up2 encircle it with the right forefinger and thumb4 7,chasing ,bear47 ,not a true ,indian sign and not used1 but would understand it4 7,seger47 ,sometimes use ,bunch or ,few4 ,see ,tribe or ,troop4 ,fr4 la bande1 la patrouille2 ,ger4 die ,schar1 die ,truppe4 ,bankrupt4 ,see ,done4 ,bar or ,saloon 7,house of drink74 ,sign ,crazy1 ,drink1 ,house4 ,fr4 le cabaret1 la buvette2 ,ger4 die ,bierstube1 die ,kneipe4 ,bark 7,like a dog74 ,sign ,talk1 but use index and middle finger against thumb4 ,fr4 aboyer2 ,ger4 bellen4 ,barracks4 ,sign ,white1 ,soldier1 ,house4 ,fr4 la caserne2 ,ger4 die ,kaserne4 ,barren4 ,sign ,born and ,all gone4 ,fr4 strile2 ,ger4 unfruchtbar4 ,bar up4 ,see ,fins4 ,baseball signs4 ,these1 of course1 are not ,indian2 they differ locally1 but the three following are used by most umpires3 ,a strike4 ,the sign 8,yes40 ,out4 ,the ,same as the 8,no0 sign 7as tho striking something to one side with the back of hand74 ,safe4 ,hand raised as in 8,easy40 ,bashful4 ,see ,ashamed4 ,illustration ,basin or ,hollow 7,a spread out circle74 ,hold the ,l hands low in front1 backs up1 forming an incomplete horizontal circle1 not touching1 the index fingers nearer each other than thumbs2 swing the hands apart by wrist action so the index fingers point nearly forward4 ,fr4 le bassin2 ,ger4 die ,vertiefung1 die ,grube4 ,illustration ,basket4 ,sign ,kettle1 then interlock fingers as in ,house of logs1 to show structure4 ,the ,cheyennes understand this1 though usually they sign ,kettle and ,sew4 ,illustration ,basket4 ,lock the fingers of the hollowed hands1 backs down1 join the thumbs as for a handle1 then with the right hand grasp left thumb and raise the hand a few inches4 7,sioux47 ,compare ,corral4 ,fr4 le panier2 ,ger4 der ,korb4 ,illustration ,bat4 ,sign ,night and zigzag flight2 i4e41 flat hands side by side1 breast high1 flapped first to right side next to left4 7,c7 ,fr4 la chauve-souris2 ,ger4 die ,fledermaus4 ,battle1 ,combat4 ,sign ,fight1 after which make ,shoot with each hand toward the other4 7,c7 ,compare ,fight and ,kill4 ,fr4 la bataille1 le combat2 ,ger4 die ,schlacht4 ,battle-cry or ,war-cry4 ,open the mouth as in saying 8,o0 and pat it with flattened fingers of right hand4 7,c7 ,the ,cheyennes use ,yell4 ,fr4 le cri de bataille2 ,ger4 der ,schlachtruf4 ,illustration ,bay4 ,sign ,water1 then bring right ,l hand well out in front of body1 forming a horizontal half-circle4 7,c7 ,fr4 la baie2 ,ger4 die ,bucht4 ,illustration ,bayonet4 ,sign ,gun1 then lay left ,g index alongside right ,g1 the latter one-third ahead4 ,if there is doubt1 indicate drawing it on the barrel tip4 ,fr4 la baonnette2 ,ger4 das ,bajonett4 ,illustration ,be1 to be or exist 7,living74 ,sign ,alive and then finish with ,now or ,past to indicate tense1 and ,many to indicate plural4 ,sometimes use ,dwell or ,recover for this idea4 ,compare ,alone4 ,fr4 tre2 ,ger4 existieren1 sein4 ,illustration ,beads4 ,hold out the flat right1 slightly hollow2 drop it a little with a sidewise quivering to suggest the shimmering of a handful of beads4 7,c7 ,beads4 ,simulate holding beads between the left index and thumb1 while threading them with a needle in the right4 ,for ,beadwork add a design or sign for ,work4 ,fr4 les perles2 ,ger4 die ,perlen4 ,illustration ,beans 7,one picked out of a handful74 ,right hand flat1 palm up1 index and thumb joined with the tip of index projecting4 7,chasing ,bear4 ,understood by ,cheyennes47 ,fr4 les haricots2 ,ger4 die ,bohnen4 ,illustration ,bear4 ,hold out the ,y hands1 backs up1 and strike both down2 push both forward in a series of jerks1 or swing down1 forward and up4 ,illustration ,bear4 ,hold up flat fists near ears1 palms forward1 to indicate round ears4 7,blackfoot47 ,some indicate the paws by holding up both curved #e hands4 ,fr4 l'ours2 ,ger4 der ,br4 ,bear1 ,grizzly4 ,as above1 but indicate the gray color4 ,fr4 l'ours gris2 ,ger4 der graue ,br4 ,illustration ,beard4 ,hang the compressed right hand1 point down1 under chin4 ,the hand or hands are differently placed for different cuts of whiskers4 ,fr4 la barbe2 ,ger4 der ,bart4 ,beat1 or ,overcome4 ,use ,kill4 ,beautiful1 ,handsome1 or ,pretty4 ,hold up flat right hand1 and look on the palm as in a mirror1 then make the sign ,good4 ,illustration ,beautiful4 ,draw the flat hand down near the face1 back forward1 and sign ,good4 ,fr4 beau2 ,ger4 schn4 ,illustration ,beaver 7,tail of beaver striking mud or water74 ,hold left flat hand in front of body1 left arm horizontal2 strike up against the left palm once or twice with back of right flat hand4 ,fr4 le castor2 ,ger4 der ,biber4 ,illustration ,because4 ,sign ,consider1 then ,behold4 ,understood by ,cheyennes and ,blackfeet1 though not well established4 ,fr4 parce que2 ,ger4 weil4 ,become or ,turn into4 ,sign ,grow and ,same or ,arrive there4 ,fr4 devenir2 ,ger4 werden4 ,bed 7,spreading blanket for sleep74 ,hold flat hands palms up1 points forward1 one behind the other1 left ahead1 push it forward1 at same time draw back right1 then add ,sleep4 ,fr4 le lit2 ,ger4 das ,bett4 ,bee4 ,sign ,fly1 ,arrow1 and ,one4 7,c7 ,in ,cheyenne1 sign ,small1 ,bird1 ,make1 ,taste4 ,fr4 l'abeille2 ,ger4 die ,biene4 ,before4 ,see ,ahead4 ,before1 that is1 ,future4 ,sign for ,time1 but hold left hand near breast and swing right forward1 up and over4 ,or sign ,after1 ,many ,sleeps4 ,fr4 avant2 ,ger4 ehe4 ,beg 7,to ask alms74 ,hold out the flat right hand1 palm up1 as a beggar does4 ,swing it forward and upward1 then draw it toward self1 slightly curving the fingers4 ,fr4 mendier2 ,ger4 betteln4 ,beg1 ,i beg of you1 ,ask1 ,i pray you4 ,lay the flat hands together1 palms touching1 fingers pointing up 7or clasp them7 and hold them toward the person4 ,a white sign now understood by the ,indians4 ,compare ,pray4 ,fr4 supplier2 ,ger4 bitten4 ,illustration ,begin1 ,commence1 ,must1 ,push1 ,try1 ,go ahead 7,start in a race74 ,with elbow at sides and arms level1 push fists forward two or three inches1 right a little behind4 ,or use ,go4 ,see ,strong4 ,fr4 commencer2 ,ger4 anfangen1 beginnen4 ,behavior4 ,see ,way4 ,behind4 ,see ,after4 ,illustration ,behold4 ,hold out flat right1 palm up1 pointing forward and moved slowly down to below level4 ,sometimes use both hands4 ,compare ,show4 ,fr4 regardez62 ,ger4 siehe da6 ,believe4 ,sign ,think1 ,straight4 ,fr4 croire2 ,ger4 glauben4 ,belonging to4 ,see ,possession4 ,below1 ,beneath1 or ,under4 ,is the reverse of ,above2 which see4 ,fr4 dessous1 sous2 ,ger4 unter4 ,belt4 ,with both hands1 make as though putting on a belt4 ,fr4 la ceinture2 ,ger4 der ,grtel4 ,beneath4 ,see ,below4 ,illustration ,bend or ,bent4 ,take left index in right finger and thumb and bend the middle joint of it at right angles4 ,or sign ,break very slowly4 ,fr4 plier2 ,ger4 biegen4 ,illustration ,berry4 ,with right middle finger and thumb hold tip of right index1 letting it project a little2 add ,bushes4 ,or1 sign ,tree1 ,pick1 and ,eat4 ,this is a descriptive phrase rather than an established sign1 but it is a good illustration of impromptu constructions which are continually made and are at once understood because in harmony with the main principles of ,sign ,talk4 ,compare ,fruit1 ,cherry1 and ,bullet4 ,fr4 la baie2 ,ger4 die ,beere4 ,illustration ,beside or ,by 7,by the side of74 ,like ,with1 but right ,g about three inches off left palm4 ,sometimes use ,close4 ,fr4 ct de1 prs de2 ,ger4 neben4 ,illustration ,bet or ,wager 7,placing on each of two piles74 ,indicate the event1 as ,race1 then sign ,place2 that is1 hold out partly compressed hands backs up2 swing both forward up and down nearly together at finish4 ,fr4 le pari2 ,ger4 die ,wette4 ,illustration ,between4 ,hold up the flat hands1 palm to palm1 six inches apart2 then thrust the right ,g on line close past left palm4 ,illustration ,between4 ,hold left ,v hand1 fingers level1 pointing to right 7or straight up7 and drop right ,g down between4 ,fr4 entre2 ,ger4 zwischen4 ,beware1 ,caution1 or ,look out4 ,see ,warning4 ,illustration ,beyond or ,other side4 ,hold the flat left hand1 back up1 in front of body about ten inches1 fingers pointing to right2 bring flat right hand1 back up1 between left and body at same height1 fingers pointing to left2 swing the right hand upward1 outward1 and then downward on curve1 beyond left hand1 turning right hand back down in movement4 ,compare ,fall and ,other4 ,fr4 au-del de2 ,ger4 jenseits4 ,bible4 ,sign ,book and ,medicine4 ,fr4 la ,bible2 ,ger4 die ,bibel4 ,illustration ,big4 ,hold the curved #e hands with palms toward each other1 well out in front of the body1 hands a little lower than shoulders and a few inches apart1 pointing forward2 separate hands1 carrying right to right1 left to left1 keeping them opposite each other4 ,also used for ,long4 ,compare ,great and ,long4 ,fr4 grand1 gros2 ,ger4 grosz4 ,bighorn4 ,see ,sheep4 ,illustration ,bird4 ,with flat hands at the shoulders1 palms down1 imitate the motion of wings4 ,using different speeds for different birds4 ,compare ,fly1 which progresses4 ,fr4 l'oiseau2 ,ger4 der ,vogel4 ,birth4 ,see ,born4 ,bison4 ,see ,buffalo4 ,illustration ,bit 7,of a bridle74 ,place the ,l hand palm down on the mouth4 ,fr4 le frein2 ,ger4 das ,gebisz4 ,illustration ,bite4 ,bring the right ,c hand1 back outward and upward1 a little in front of the body2 snap sharply together the tips of the first and second fingers and the tip of thumb against the back of the left flat hand1 repeating the motion4 ,some omit left hand4 ,the ,blackfeet make this from the mouth4 ,fr4 mordre2 ,ger4 beiszen4 ,illustration ,bitter or ,sour4 ,touch tongue with tip of right ,g and add ,bad4 ,compare ,salt1 ,sugar1 ,taste1 ,taste bad4 ,fr4 amer2 ,ger4 bitter4 ,black4 ,see ,color4 ,blackfoot4 ,see ,indian4 ,illustration ,blackguarding or ,reviling 7,lies from both74 ,hold up right ,v1 pointing nearly level forward1 opposite right shoulder2 left ditto at left shoulder2 swing them alternately at each other4 ,fr4 outrager1 insulter2 ,ger4 jemanden beschimpfen4 ,illustration ,blanket or ,robe 7,wrapping about shoulder74 ,bring the ,a hands palms toward each other1 opposite and above each shoulder near the neck2 move the right hand to left and left to right till the wrists are crossed1 right hand nearest body4 ,compare ,fond4 ,fr4 la couverture2 ,ger4 die ,decke4 ,illustration ,bless you 7,drawing from above and spreading out74 ,hold the flat hands high up in front1 palms forward1 apart1 at arm's length4 ,lower them a little and slightly push toward the person meant4 7,c7 ,fr4 que ,dieu vous bnisse2 ,ger4 ,gott segne dich6 ,blessing the food4 ,hold both #e hands over the food1 then add ,talk upward4 ,illustration ,blind4 ,bring both flat hands1 backs outward1 in front of and close to eyes1 right hand nearest and both hands parallel to face2 move right hand slightly to left1 left to right2 then place the tips of the fingers against closed eyes4 7,c7 ,fr4 aveugle2 ,ger4 blind4 ,illustration ,blood 7,a wounded buffalo bleeds at the nostrils74 ,raise the right ,v hand so the tips of the fingers are pressed one against each nostril2 move the hand to the right and downward1 giving it a tremulous motion4 ,add ,red4 ,some omit ,red4 ,fr4 le sang2 ,ger4 das ,blut4 ,bloom or ,blossom4 ,see ,flower4 ,bluff4 ,see ,hill4 ,illustration ,boat4 ,bring the hands together hollowed1 fingers straight1 little fingers joining1 the thumbs somewhat apart1 to represent the body of a boat1 held before the breast4 ,push it forward to indicate movement4 ,add the motion of paddling for ,canoe1 or ,rowing for bigger boat4 ,usually the ,boat sign is omitted2 ,paddling or ,rowing being enough by itself4 ,compare ,bowl4 ,fr4 le bateau2 ,ger4 der ,kahn4 ,boil4 ,see ,cook4 ,fr4 bouillir2 ,ger4 kochen4 ,illustration ,bone4 ,hold up the left hand1 palm down1 wrist a little bent2 with right ,g tap the wrist bone on outer side of left2 then add ,hard4 ,fr4 l'os2 ,ger4 der ,knochen4 ,illustration ,bonnet1 that is1 ,warbonnet4 ,sweep #e hands along near each side of head from front to back4 ,sometimes also sweep right #e hand down behind for the ,tail4 ,fr4 le bonnet de guerre2 ,ger4 die ,federkappe4 ,illustration ,book4 ,open and close the flat hands like cover of a book1 then indicate the lines of writing4 ,sometimes show the thickness to distinguish it from ,letter4 ,compare ,open and ,shut4 ,fr4 le livre2 ,ger4 das ,buch4 ,illustration ,born1 ,birth1 or ,parturition 7,issuing from loins74 ,flat right in front of and near the body1 pointing downward and to front1 moved downward and outward on a curve4 ,compare ,dive4 ,fr4 n2 ,ger4 geboren4 ,borrow4 ,see ,lend4 ,boss4 ,use ,chief4 ,both4 ,sign ,or1 that is1 hold up the left ,v1 pointing forward1 and tap each tip of ,v1 and in turn1 with right ,g2 then over left ,v add ,all with right4 ,sometimes point to each and add ,two4 ,sometimes use ,all4 ,blackfeet use ,two and ,same4 ,fr4 tous les deux2 ,ger4 beide4 ,illustration ,bow 7,weapon74 ,the left ,a hand held still1 a little advanced1 the right ,a hand touches it and makes the motion of drawing the cord of the bow4 ,fr4 l'arc2 ,ger4 der ,schiessbogen4 ,illustration ,bowl 7,a vessel74 ,with curved hands side by side1 fingers bent1 palms up1 indicate shape4 7,c7 ,compare ,boat4 ,for a larger vessel1 use ,basin4 ,fr4 le bol2 ,ger4 die ,schale1 die ,schssel4 ,illustration ,box4 ,hold out both flat hands side by side1 backs up2 then swing apart and down at right angles1 turning the hands at the angle so the backs are out4 ,fr4 la bote2 ,ger4 der ,kasten4 ,boy4 ,sign ,man1 ,young4 ,fr4 le garon2 ,ger4 der ,knabe4 ,brag4 ,see ,bravado4 ,illustration ,brain4 ,touch forehead with ,n hand4 ,fr4 le cerveau2 ,ger4 das ,gehirn4 ,illustration ,brand or ,name4 ,all fingers of right closed but thumb and index1 these form a 8,c10 which lay on the palm of flat left1 pointing forward1 thumb up4 ,sometimes lay it on left shoulder outside4 ,compare ,name4 ,fr4 la marque1 marquer avec un fer rouge2 ,ger4 das ,zeichen1 das ,brandmal1 einbrennen4 ,bravado or ,brag4 ,sign ,fire1 ,talk1 ,true1 and ,no4 7,c7 ,fr4 la bravade2 ,ger4 die ,prahlerei4 ,brave 7,strong heart74 ,sign ,heart and ,strong4 ,fr4 brave2 ,ger4 mutig1 tapfer4 ,brave1 as an intensive4 ,see ,very much4 ,bread 7,making a cake74 ,gently clap the slightly hollow right hand over slightly hollow left hand1 then reverse so left is on right and clap them together again2 repeat4 ,fr4 le pain2 ,ger4 das ,brot4 ,illustration ,break4 ,make the motion of seizing a stick1 hold it horizontally with both hands and breaking it in the middle4 ,the thumbs finish wide apart4 ,fr4 casser1 briser2 ,ger4 zerbrechen4 ,breakfast4 ,sign ,sunrise and ,eat4 ,fr4 le djeuner2 ,ger4 das ,frhstck4 ,breeze4 ,see ,wind4 ,bribe4 ,hold the hand behind the back1 hollowed1 open and palm up4 7,pop47 ,fr4 corrompre2 ,ger4 bestechen4 ,illustration ,bridge 7,lifting over water74 ,sign ,water2 hold out the flat hands horizontally in front of body1 pointing forward1 palms up2 and ,across4 ,fr4 le pont2 ,ger4 die ,brcke4 ,bridle4 ,like ,bit2 but raise the hand till near the eyes4 ,fr4 la bride2 ,ger4 der ,zaum4 ,illustration ,bring1 ,take1 or ,fetch4 ,move the right ,g hand briskly well in front or to right or left of body2 draw the hand with a sweep in toward the body1 at the same time curving index finger4 ,compare ,come in which the index is held vertically1 and ,steal4 ,fr4 apporter1 prendre2 ,ger4 bringen1 nehmen1 holen4 ,illustration ,broad or ,wide4 ,same as ,big1 but keep the hands flat and palms up4 ,illustration ,broad and ,spreading is the same as above but with palms down4 ,compare ,prairie4 ,fr4 large2 ,ger4 breit4 ,broke or ,dead broke4 ,see ,done 7,no4 #b47 ,broken down4 ,see ,decrepit4 ,brook4 ,see ,creek4 ,illustration ,brother 7,suck together74 ,lay nearly horizontal ,n of right hand on lips2 draw it away and down1 then add ,male4 ,fr4 le frre2 ,ger4 der ,bruder4 ,illustration ,brother-in-,law4 ,left forearm across breast2 with lower edge of flat right1 strike down past left elbow4 ,probably means relative on the side4 7,r4 ,b47 ,fr4 le beau-frre2 ,ger4 der ,schwager4 ,bucket4 ,sign ,bowl1 then indicate the handle4 ,fr4 le seau2 ,ger4 der ,eimer4 ,illustration ,buffalo 7,curved horns74 ,hold the curved ,g fingers palms toward and close to sides of head2 raise the hands slightly and carry them a little to the front4 ,to distinguish domestic cattle1 add ,spotted4 ,the ,navahos reverse this2 that is1 with them the curved horns as above means ,cattle1 to which they add ,beard1 to mean ,buffalo4 ,fr4 le bison2 ,ger4 der ,bffel4 ,illustration ,bullet4 ,sign ,fire off2 then grasp the forefinger of the hand with the second finger and thumb1 so that the tip of it will so extend beyond them and represent the ball4 ,fr4 la balle2 ,ger4 die ,kugel4 ,illustration ,bunch 7,of fruit74 ,hold out the compressed right hand opposite throat1 fingers pointing down4 ,compare ,beard4 ,illustration ,bunch 7,a small herd grazing74 ,hold out curved right #e hand1 back up and forward4 ,see ,herd4 ,sometimes use ,enclosure4 ,fr4 le troupeau2 ,ger4 die ,anzahl1 die kleine ,herde4 ,burn4 ,sign ,fire and ,wipe out4 ,fr4 brler2 ,ger4 brennen4 ,bushes or ,brush4 ,like ,grass1 but breast high2 and draw right hand to you and left far ahead4 ,fr4 la broussaille2 ,ger4 das ,gebsch4 ,busy4 ,sign ,push and ,work4 ,fr4 occup2 ,ger4 beschftigt4 ,but1 ,except1 ,save1 or ,unless 7,of all one pulled back74 ,sign ,all1 with right swung to left2 then sign ,one1 with left at left side1 and pull it to right side between forefinger and thumb of right4 ,but4 ,sign ,all ,go1 ,one1 ,sits4 ,illustration ,but 7,one drawn back74 ,point right ,g down1 forward and to right2 hold it a second1 then jerk it back four or five inches4 7,hadley47 ,fr4 mais2 ,ger4 aber4 ,butte4 ,see ,hill4 ,buy4 ,sign ,money and ,trade1 making it clear who gives the money4 ,illustration ,buy or ,sell i4e41 ,market4 ,tap three times on side of left ,g index with side of right ,g index4 ,compare1 ,all the time1 ,peas1 and ,while4 ,see ,sell4 ,fr4 acheter2 ,ger4 kaufen4 ,by4 ,see ,beside4 ,illustration ,by and ,by 7,after a little time74 ,hold the pinched index and thumb of each hand as in ,time1 but half an inch apart4 ,or sign ,time afterward4 ,compare ,sometime4 ,fr4 plus tard2 7,c7 ,ger4 spter4 ,c ,cache4 ,see ,hide4 ,illustration ,call1 ,attention6 ,say6 ,strike the palm of the open left hand with the tips of right fingers1 then swing right ,g a little toward the person4 ,fr4 dites donc2 ,ger4 hren ,sie6 ,illustration ,called or ,named4 ,lay the back of the crooked right ,g on lips1 pointing to front and left1 its tip pressed against the thumb1 which is nearly straight2 then move the hand upward and forward in a curve1 straightening out the index finally with a snap1 pointing toward the person or thing4 ,compare ,talk in which the action is repeated4 ,see also ,name4 ,fr4 appel2 ,ger4 genannt4 ,camera4 ,sign ,picture and ,see4 ,compare ,photograph4 ,illustration ,camp 7,set up the lodge74 ,sign ,teepee1 holding the hands face high2 drop the hands together for a foot with energy4 ,fr4 le camp2 ,ger4 das ,lager4 ,illustration ,camp-fire4 ,hold left hand flat1 palm down1 fingers a little spread2 then lay right hand fingers similarly held across at right angles1 to indicate the wood laid ready1 and add the sign for ,fire4 7,sheeaka47 ,not a true ,indian sign1 but sufficiently descriptive for the ,cheyennes to understand it4 ,fr4 le feu de camp2 ,ger4 das ,lagerfeuer4 ,camp-fire ,girls4 ,sign ,camp-fire1 then raise the right index in a spiral for ,smoke4 ,camp-fire man are you8 ,give the signs ,question1 you1 camp-fire1 and man or briefly make the ,camp-fire sign and look inquiringly4 ,fr4 tes vous membre du ,camp-fire ,club2 ,ger4 ,sind ,sie ein ,mitglied des ,lagerfeuer ,klubs8 ,illustration ,can1 ,able1 or ,power4 ,hold both ,s hands in front1 elbows at sides1 thumbs up2 drop the hands for six inches with a jerk4 7,sheeaka and the ,blackfeet47 ,sometimes use only one hand4 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,own1 ,strong1 ,medicine4 ,fr4 pouvoir2 ,ger4 knnen4 ,candid 7,true1 clear as day and good74 ,sign ,true1 ,day1 and ,good4 7,c7 ,fr4 sincre2 ,ger4 aufrichtig4 ,illustration ,candle4 ,hold up left ,g finger and with right hand sign ,fire on its tip1 then indicate length on left arm4 ,fr4 la bougie2 ,ger4 die ,kerze4 ,illustration ,candy-stick4 ,sign ,sugar2 then on left ,g index held upright1 show stripes4 7,c7 ,fr4 le bonbon2 ,ger4 das ,zuckerwerk4 ,cannon4 ,sign ,gun and ,big4 ,fr4 le canon2 ,ger4 die ,kanone4 ,illustration ,cannot1 or ,unable1 ,fail1 ,failure 7,the arrow that failed to stick74 ,hold the flat left hand out in front1 thumb edge up2 strike the palm of it with the forefinger of the right ,g hand1 which then at once rebounds and is thrown forward and down to rest on its back4 ,fr4 ne pas pouvoir1 incapable2 ,ger4 nicht knnen1 unfhig4 ,canoe4 ,sign ,boat and ,paddle4 ,illustration ,canoe of birch bark4 ,push forward compressed right1 back down1 to represent the curved prow1 then add ,paddle4 ,fr4 la pirogue1 le canot2 ,ger4 das ,kanu1 der ,rindenkahn4 ,illustration ,canyon 7,between hills74 ,hold up the fists1 palms toward each other1 about six inches apart1 face high2 then indicate ,go between2 that is1 hold the left unchanged but thrust forward the flat right hand1 palm to left4 7,blackfoot47 ,compare ,between4 ,fr4 le canyon1 le grand ravin2 ,ger4 die ,schluckt4 ,cards4 ,hold imaginary cards in left and deal with right hand4 ,fr4 les cartes2 ,ger4 die ,karten4 ,illustration ,caribou4 ,sign ,deer1 ,high1 and lay the flat right hand on forehead so the fingers slightly spread point forward1 showing the brow shovel4 7,blackfoot47 ,sometimes omit ,high4 ,fr4 le renne1 le caribou2 ,ger4 das ,karibu4 ,illustration ,carriage1 or ,covered ,wagon4 ,sign ,wagon1 then raise the hands1 palms down1 flat1 but bent at an angle1 up above the head1 and move forward about two feet to represent the carriage top4 ,carriage or ,buggy4 ,sign ,wagon1 ,small1 and sometimes add ,black4 ,fr4 la voiture2 ,ger4 der ,wagen4 ,illustration ,carry or ,pack4 ,both closed hands held opposite the temple as if holding the tump line1 the shoulders slightly forward as though bearing a pack4 ,fr4 porter2 ,ger4 tragen4 ,carry in the hand4 ,with one hand make as though carrying a basket by the handle4 ,cars4 ,see ,railroad train4 ,illustration ,cartridge4 ,hold right ,g hand1 back up1 in front of body1 index horizontal and pointing to front1 thumb pressed against side of index1 with the thumb tip just back of second joint2 add ,shoot4 ,see ,ammunition4 ,fr4 la cartouche2 ,ger4 die ,patrone1 7artill7 die ,kartusche4 ,illustration ,cat 7,flattened or turned-up nose74 ,lay ,a hand on nose1 rotating a little out and up4 7,c7 ,sign ,nose1 ,short1 ,dog4 ,fr4 le chat2 ,ger4 die ,katze4 ,catch4 ,same as ,get but action quicker4 ,see ,get4 ,fr4 attraper2 ,ger4 fangen4 ,illustration ,catholic4 ,indicate gown by sweeping the #e hands down over the sides and outward2 then add ,black4 ,sometimes make the sign of the ,cross4 ,fr4 catholique2 ,ger4 katholisch4 ,cattle4 ,sign ,buffalo and ,spotted4 7,blackfoot47 ,compare ,buffalo4 ,or1 sign ,buffalo and ,whiteman4 ,fr4 les bestiaux2 ,ger4 das ,vieh4 ,caution4 ,see ,warning4 ,cavalry4 ,soldier and ,ride4 ,fr4 la cavalerie2 ,ger4 die ,kavallerie4 ,illustration ,centre4 ,with thumbs and index fingers of ,l hands make a horizontal circle2 then1 keeping the left unchanged1 indicate centre with right ,g finger4 ,sometimes draw a horizontal circle with right ,g1 then drop same down into its centre4 ,fr4 le centre2 ,ger4 die ,mitte4 ,certain4 ,sign ,i1 ,know1 ,good4 ,or use ,true4 ,fr4 certain2 ,ger4 sicher4 ,illustration ,challenge1 ,defy1 or ,dare4 ,spring the middle finger with a vigorous snap toward the person1 the other fingers closed2 hand held face high1 back up4 ,a ,european sign given by ,butler4 ,compare ,there and ,defiance4 ,fr4 dfier2 ,ger4 herausfordern4 ,chance4 ,see ,luck4 ,illustration ,character 7,shape of heart74 ,lay right ,c hand on heart1 draw it out1 that is1 forward1 a little and with both ,a hands outline a human figure4 7,d7 ,sign ,heart1 ,good1 ,bad4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 le caractre2 ,ger4 der ,charakter4 ,illustration ,charge 7,military1 against others74 ,swing both fists from right shoulder forward and a little down in an up curve1 away1 rising a little1 at the same time springing them open4 ,fr4 la charge 7contre les autres72 ,ger4 die ,attacke1 der ,angriff 7gegen andere74 ,illustration ,charge 7,military1 against us74 ,similar but reversed1 springing the hands open toward one's face4 ,fr4 la charge 7contre nous72 ,ger4 die ,attacke 7gegen uns74 ,chase4 ,see ,follow4 ,cherries 7,choke74 ,sign1 ,tree1 ,pick1 and ,pound4 7,blackfoot47 ,see ,berry4 ,fr4 les cerises2 ,ger4 die ,kirschen4 ,cheyenne4 ,see ,indian4 ,illustration ,chicken4 ,sign ,bird1 then ,red and with #e hand on crown show ,comb4 7,c7 ,or sign ,bird and ,whiteman4 ,fr4 le poulet2 ,ger4 das ,huhn4 ,illustration ,chief 7,people with one man rising above them74 ,hold up left #e hand1 palm to right1 pass index of right ,g hand at several inches above left4 7,scott47 ,the ,cheyennes omit left hand2 they shoot the right ,g up over and much down in a long sweep1 finishing lower than it began4 ,fr4 le commandant2 ,ger4 der ,huptling4 ,child or ,offspring4 ,compressed right hand1 points up1 swung well out in front and dropped a foot to the height of the child4 ,compare ,young4 ,fr4 l'enfant2 ,ger4 das ,kind4 ,illustration ,children 7,springing up74 ,hold out both hands1 palms up1 very low1 fingers pointing up and scarcely spread2 alternately swing them up and down for six inches4 ,compare ,grass1 in which they are held low and are spread widely2 also ,bushes4 ,fr4 les enfants2 ,ger4 die ,kinder4 ,illustration ,choose1 ,make choice1 or ,select4 ,hold right ,g shoulder high1 back up1 a foot in front of the breast1 swing it in a circle with a succession of little bounds or up curves1 as though pointing at many different objects in succession1 the head turned to follow always2 then finish by throwing the ,g finger forward in a curve2 or1 in some cases1 finish by picking up the imaginary object selected1 using index and thumb for this4 ,compare ,find1 ,hunting1 and ,look4 ,fr4 choisir2 ,ger4 whlen4 ,illustration ,chop4 ,use the flat right hand1 little finger down1 as an axe1 chopping first from right1 then from left1 once on each side4 ,sometimes do this on back of left hand1 which stands for the log4 ,compare ,free1 which is two or three cuts on right side only4 ,fr4 couper1 trancher2 ,ger4 hauen1 hacken4 ,christmas 7,the day of the shining tree74 ,sign ,tree1 then hold hand with fingers spread and crooked1 palm down1 level of face4 ,lower it six inches in short1 quick zigzags to suggest glittering or shimmering4 7,w4 ,c4 ,roe47 ,in ,snow the hand is lowered in long zigzags for about two feet4 ,see ,shimmer4 ,or sign ,middle1 ,winter1 ,tree1 and ,hanging2 for the last1 hold the curved #e hands1 backs up1 at level of the eyes2 jerk them a little apart4 7,r4 ,b47 ,fr4 le ,nol2 ,ger4 ,weihnachten4 ,illustration ,church 7,steeple house74 ,cross clasp the fingers so the tips are within1 then raise both index fingers to form the steeple4 7,pop47 ,church4 ,sign ,medicine1 ,talk1 ,house4 ,fr4 l'glise2 ,ger4 die ,kirche4 ,illustration ,cigarette4 ,sign ,tobacco2 then lay ,g fingers side by side pointing opposite ways2 roll one about the other4 ,sometimes omit ,tobacco2 sometimes give ,cigar 7#bnd sign7 and ,little4 ,fr4 la cigarette2 ,ger4 die ,zigarette4 ,cigar 7#b74 ,sign ,cigarette1 ,black1 and ,smoking4 ,sometimes hold right ,g at corner of mouth1 pointing forward4 ,cigar and ,cigarette are recent signs and changing rapidly4 ,fr4 le cigare2 ,ger4 die ,zigarre4 ,city 7,big town74 ,make sign for ,town1 then add sign for ,big4 ,or omit ,big but swing the hands far apart4 ,fr4 la ville2 ,ger4 die ,stadt4 ,cities4 ,many are indicated by their initial letter enhanced with twisting motion4 7,d7 ,for some we may use their nickname but this is merely a suggestion4 ,boston 7,the ,hub74 ,sign for ,city and ,centre4 ,chicago 7,windy ,city74 ,sign for ,city and ,wind4 ,the ,cheyennes call it ,big ,lake ,city4 ,kansas ,city 7,buffalo ,head ,city74 ,sign ,buffalo ,head and point up high to the wall4 7,cheyenne47 ,london4 ,sign ,city1 ,chief1 and ,red ,coats4 ,new ,york 7,knickerbocker ,city74 ,sign for ,city and trousers cut off below the knee2 i4e41 draw flat of hand down over thigh then below knee and stop1 turning edge of hand in4 ,or sign ,big ,island ,city4 7,blackfoot47 ,ottawa4 ,sign ,city1 ,chief1 and ,capotes4 ,illustration ,philadelphia 7,quaker ,city74 ,sign ,city1 then make sign for broad hat with rim curled up by drawing both index fingers across mid-brow1 level in front1 then twisting them up at the place of the rim4 ,or 8no name1 just ,big ,city1 nothing distinctive40 7,blackfoot47 ,pittsburg 7,smoky ,city74 ,sign for ,city and ,smoky4 ,rome 7,eternal ,city74 ,sign ,city and ,forever4 ,washington4 ,sign ,father1 ,chief1 ,sits4 7,cheyenne47 ,illustration ,clean-handed or ,innocent 7,great ,spirit see no blood on these hands74 ,lift hands over shoulder1 palms up higher than head and add ,blood1 ,no4 7,c7 ,or1 sign ,work1 ,bad1 ,no4 ,fr4 innocent2 ,ger4 unschuldig4 ,clear 7,clear ,sky74 ,sign ,clouds1 then swing the hands wide apart1 finishing with palms up at arm's length1 up high4 ,or1 sign ,clouds1 ,wiped out4 7,blackfoot47 ,clever4 ,see ,cunning4 ,illustration ,close1 ,near1 ,nearly1 ,soon1 ,early1 ,about1 or ,almost 7,draw near74 ,bring the flat curved right hand1 back to right1 well out in front of body1 about height of shoulder2 draw the hand in toward the body and slightly downward4 ,compare ,far4 ,see also ,soon4 ,fr4 prs1 presque2 ,ger4 nahe1 beinahe4 ,clothes4 ,see ,coat4 ,illustration ,clouds 7,rolling74 ,rotate the flat hands over each other from in front of the face1 to over the head4 ,illustration ,clouds 7,rain74 ,look upward1 swing the flat hands at arm's length1 palms down over the head2 then add ,rain4 ,fr4 les nuages2 ,ger4 die ,wolken4 ,coal4 ,sign ,hard1 ,fire1 and ,good4 ,fr4 le charbon2 ,ger4 die ,kohle4 ,illustration ,coat or ,clothes4 ,hold the ,l hands near the breast1 palms in2 swing them down to the waist4 ,fr4 l'habit2 ,ger4 der ,rock4 ,illustration ,coffee 7,grinding coffee in mill74 ,a few inches over the flat left hand1 back down1 move the right ,a as though turning the crank of a coffee mill4 ,or1 sign ,black ,drink4 ,compare ,tobacco4 ,fr4 le caf2 ,ger4 der ,kaffee4 ,coin4 ,close hollow right over hollowed left and shake as tho jingling coin4 7,sheeaka2 not ,indian1 but now understood47 ,see ,dollar4 ,fr4 la pice d'argent2 ,ger4 die ,mnze4 ,illustration ,cold 7,shivering74 ,bring the fists in front of and close to body1 height of shoulder1 elbows at sides1 shoulders drawn in1 and shiver4 ,see ,winter4 ,compare ,blanket4 ,fr4 froid2 ,ger4 kalt4 ,illustration ,color4 ,with the finger tips of right hand 7thumb crooked under7 rub circularly on the palm of left hand as though rubbing color4 ,often add ,same or ,equal1 to make more clear4 ,fr4 la couleur2 ,ger4 die ,farbe4 ,black4 ,sign ,color and touch the hair or eyebrow4 ,fr4 noir2 ,ger4 schwarz4 ,blue4 ,sign ,sun with left hand and then draw the right ,g finger around it to mean color of sky around the sun4 7,sheeaka74 ,or1 sign ,color and ,sky4 ,fr4 bleu2 ,ger4 blau4 ,brown4 ,sign ,color and ,deer4 ,fr4 brun2 ,ger4 braun4 ,gray4 ,sign ,color1 ,little1 and ,white4 ,fr4 gris2 ,ger4 grau4 ,green4 ,sign ,color and ,grass4 ,fr4 vert2 ,ger4 grn4 ,red 7,cheek color74 ,sign ,color and lightly brush the right finger tips over the cheek1 points to right4 ,fr4 rouge2 ,ger4 rot4 ,white4 ,sign ,color and rub thumb nail of left ,a hand with tip of right ,g finger2 i4e41 nail color1 white in ,indians4 ,fr4 blanc2 ,ger4 weiss4 ,yellow4 ,sign ,color and point to any yellow object1 such as a straw or dead grass4 ,or sign ,color1 ,grass1 and ,dead4 ,fr4 jaune2 ,ger4 gelb4 ,for other colors1 touch or indicate some object of the tint meant4 ,illustration ,comb4 ,with all fingers of right #e hand hooked1 comb the right side of the head and down as far as the breast two or three times4 ,compare ,woman4 ,fr4 le peigne2 ,ger4 der ,kamm4 ,combat4 ,see ,battle4 ,illustration ,come4 ,carry right ,g hand1 back out1 fingers up1 in a graceful sweep from arm's length to within a foot of one's face4 ,many use the flat hand swung down and to you1 palm under and toward you4 ,railroad men use the whole arm1 swinging it across the body at an angle of #de degrees1 so as to be seen in a dim light4 ,fr4 venez2 ,ger4 kommen ,sie4 ,come back4 ,hold flat left1 back forward1 near breast2 swing right ditto pointed up from arm's length in against back of left4 ,see ,arrive here4 ,fr4 revenez2 ,ger4 kommen ,sie zurck4 ,illustration ,come between or ,intervene4 ,hold out left hand flat1 back out1 at arm's length and pass flat right1 thumb up1 between left and body4 ,fr4 s'interposer1 intervenir2 ,ger4 dazwischen kommen4 ,come gently4 ,see ,easy4 ,illustration ,come for a moment4 ,right hand held forward and up1 fingers closed except index1 with which beckon by crooking and straightening1 the hand not moved4 7,pop47 ,white sign1 now fully adopted by the ,cheyennes4 ,fr4 venez une seconde2 ,ger4 kommen ,sie einen ,augenblick her4 ,illustration ,come into view or ,appear4 ,hold out flat left hand1 back forward1 thrust right ,g index up1 farther off1 under and behind1 until it appears above4 ,fr4 paratre2 ,ger4 erscheinen4 ,illustration ,comfort 7,see how smooth or fat74 ,draw flat right hand1 palm in1 down breast1 then off and up in curve forward1 palm up4 7,sheeaka47 ,compare ,confess4 ,sometimes use ,glad4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 le bien-tre2 ,ger4 die ,behaglichkeit4 ,illustration ,comfortable4 ,alternately rub left palm over back of right hand1 then right over left back1 always palm up2 then swing both forward4 7,sheeaka4 ,probably from ,deaf47 ,fr4 confortable2 ,ger4 gemtlich4 ,coming4 ,hold out the flat right1 palm to you and pointing nearly up2 draw it to you in little jerks4 ,fr4 venant2 ,ger4 kommend4 ,coming man4 ,see ,rising man4 ,commence4 ,see ,begin4 ,compass points4 ,north--,wind cold there4 ,fr4 le nord2 ,ger4 der ,norden4 ,east--,sunrise there4 ,fr4 l'est2 ,ger4 der ,osten4 ,south--,wind warm there4 ,fr4 le sud2 ,ger4 der ,sden4 ,west--,sunset there4 ,fr4 l'ouest2 ,ger4 der ,westen4 ,complete4 ,see ,done4 ,comparative1 etc41 of ,adjectives4 ,for ,positive1 give first the adjective then swing the flat right hand out a little1 level1 palm up4 7,sheeaka47 ,for ,comparative1 give first the adjective then raise the right ,g hand to the height of the chin1 pointing up4 7,sheeaka47 ,see ,more1 and sometimes use ,ahead or ,above after the adjective4 ,fr4 le comparatif2 ,ger4 der ,komparativ4 ,for ,superlative1 give first the adjective then add ,strong and ,ahead or ,very much4 ,fr4 le superlatif2 ,ger4 der ,superlativ4 ,conceal4 ,see ,hide4 ,illustration ,conceit 7,swelled ,head74 ,hold hands open and curved1 one on each side of the head1 two or three inches away4 ,a whiteman's sign1 but quite well known now to the younger generation of ,indians4 ,if in unbelievable degree1 stretch the right hand at full length sidewise1 and work the first finger as though scratching the ear which is supposed to be just above the hand4 7,pop47 ,conceit4 ,sign ,he1 ,think1 ,strong4 ,fr4 la vanit1 la prsomption2 ,ger4 die ,einbildung1 der ,dnkel4 ,conduct4 ,same as ,way4 ,illustration ,confess 7,show the heart74 ,lay points of both compressed hands on centre of breast1 then spring them away1 out and aside1 turning them flat and palms up4 ,sometimes but one hand is used4 ,i am inclined to think that this should be simply ,heart and ,behold1 although none of my ,indians made it that way4 ,sometimes sign ,you1 ,tell1 ,true4 ,fr4 confesser2 ,ger4 gestehen4 ,congress4 ,sign ,whiteman1 ,chief1 ,council 7,no4 #b74 ,fr4 le ,congrs2 ,ger4 der ,kongresz4 ,connivance 7,wink1 that is1 close one eye74 ,this ancient sign assumes that the person who should see1 closes the eye next his accomplice4 7,pop4 ,also ,cheyenne47 ,fr4 la connivence2 ,ger4 die ,konnivenz1 das 7strafbare7 ,einverstndnis4 ,illustration ,consider1 ,ponder1 or ,weigh 7,wisdom looking on the ground74 ,sign ,wolf 7i4e41 wisdom1 analogous with our word 8foxy071 then turn downward the points of the two fingers representing the wolf ears1 back of hand near the eyes and moving the hand from right to left as in surveying the ground4 7,scott47 ,illustration ,consider4 ,hold the right 8#d0 hand near the heart1 pointing to left1 rotate a little back and forth4 7,blackfoot47 ,the ,cheyennes use ,v hand1 which makes it the same as ,if4 ,see ,because4 ,fr4 considrer2 ,ger4 erwgen4 ,constable4 ,see ,policeman4 ,contempt4 ,see ,scorn4 ,contented4 ,to make contented1 ,satisfied4 ,use ,glad or ,sit1 ,good4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 content2 ,ger4 zufrieden4 ,continue4 ,sign ,go and ,long ,time4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 continuer2 ,ger4 fortsetzen4 ,conversation4 ,see ,discussion1 ,speech1 and ,talk4 ,cook 7,in the abstract74 ,see ,make and ,food4 ,fr4 faire cuire1 cuisiner2 ,ger4 kochen4 ,illustration ,cook 7,by boiling74 ,with both ,l hands make a horizontal circle1 then holding left unchanged1 put something into it with right and add ,fire4 ,compare ,centre and ,hole4 ,fr4 cuire1 bouillir2 ,ger4 kochen4 ,illustration ,cook 7,by frying74 ,place flat right on flat left hand1 palm to palm1 then flip the right like a pancake1 turning it palm up as it drops on the left4 ,cook 7,by broiling74 ,as in the above ,frying1 but leave out the left hand entirely4 ,fr4 griller2 ,ger4 braten1 rsten4 ,cook 7noun74 ,sign ,man1 ,makes1 ,food4 ,fr4 le cuisinier2 ,ger4 der ,koch4 ,coon4 ,see ,raccoon4 ,illustration ,corn 7,shelling the corn74 ,hold out the left ,a hand1 thumb straight and resting on index finger2 place the ball of the thumb of right ,a hand on back of left thumb near its base2 twist the right hand by wrist action to the right and downward until the right thumb slips off with a snap against the right index4 ,repeat once or twice4 ,fr4 le mas2 ,ger4 der trkische ,weizen1 der ,mais4 ,illustration ,corral or ,fenced ,field or ,pasture 7,area embraced or held74 ,interlock the fingers1 hold arms curved in front1 horizontal2 then add ,enclosure1 i4e41 swing the hands apart and draw back each in a half circle till their heels meet near you4 ,fr4 le corral2 ,ger4 die ,einzunung4 ,illustration ,council 7,sitting in a circle and talking74 ,bring the ,a hands1 back outward1 well out in front of body1 a little lower than the shoulders1 little fingers touching2 swing them apart and toward the body so they meet close to it1 forming a horizontal circle2 palms forward2 then add ,discussion4 ,council 7#b74 ,exactly like ,across1 but repeated two or three times4 ,this is a recent sign among the ,cheyennes1 but is becoming popular4 ,see ,across and ,law4 ,fr4 le conseil2 ,ger4 die ,ratsversammlung4 ,counsel or ,advice4 ,see ,advice4 ,counting4 ,see ,numbers4 ,illustration ,count coup or ,make a hit or a ,strike 7,striking a dead body with the coup stick74 ,strike the top joint of the right ,g index on the middle of the left ,g index1 as the right is swung from below up4 ,grand ,coup sign ,coup and ,great4 ,fr4 le coup2 ,ger4 der ,treffschusz4 ,country4 ,see ,land4 ,coup4 ,see ,count coup4 ,illustration ,courting 7,driving or rounding up in secret74 ,thrust the right ,l hand back nearly up under flat left1 held palm down1 twisting the right by wrist action4 ,compare ,sweetheart and ,glitter4 ,fr4 faire la cour2 ,ger4 das ,cour machen1 das ,hof machen4 ,coward4 ,see ,fear4 ,coyote4 ,sign ,wolf and ,small4 ,fr4 le coyote1 le loup des prairies2 ,ger4 der ,prriewolf4 ,illustration ,crab4 ,place base of wrist of right hand1 palm down1 on some flat surface1 thumb and little finger extended and curved 7others closed7 to represent claws4 ,then move the hand sidewise backward1 waving the claws4 7,scott47 ,compare ,spider4 ,fr4 le crabe2 ,ger4 die ,krabbe4 ,crave4 ,see ,want4 ,crayfish4 ,hold out the ,v hand level2 draw it back1 opening and shutting the ,v4 ,compare ,dog4 ,fr4 l'crevisse2 ,ger4 der ,krebs4 ,illustration ,crazy1 ,foolish1 ,mad1 ,demented 7,brain in a whirl74 ,raise compressed right hand1 all fingers together1 tap the forehead with it and make one or two quick circles with finger tips in the air4 7,sheeaka47 ,tap the forehead1 shake the head and point to the person4 7,pop47 ,crazy4 ,swing the #e hand in horizontal circles near the forehead1 going with the sun4 ,going the reverse way always raises a laugh among ,cheyennes2 it both intensifies and makes the idea ridiculous4 ,fr4 fou2 ,ger4 verrckt4 ,cree4 ,see ,indian4 ,illustration ,creek1 ,brook1 or ,rill4 ,sign ,water1 then draw right ,g hand1 back up1 held low1 from opposite left side1 past body to right side2 finger level1 pointing to left and waved sidewise4 ,compare ,river1 ,snake1 ,crooked1 and ,wire4 ,fr4 le ruisseau2 ,ger4 der ,bach4 ,crime or ,sin4 ,sign ,strong1 ,bad1 ,work4 ,fr4 le crime2 ,ger4 das ,verbrechen4 ,illustration ,crooked or ,wrong4 ,point the right ,g forward and slightly down2 push it slowly forward in a succession of large1 horizontal zigzags1 each arched a little4 ,illustration ,cross or ,sulky4 ,rest the forehead low on the left hand4 ,or sign ,heart1 ,bad4 ,fr4 maussade2 ,ger4 mrrisch4 ,illustration ,cross 7of ,christ74 ,hold right ,g upright1 left ,g at right angles across last joint of right4 ,fr4 le crucifix2 ,ger4 das ,kruzifix4 ,cross4 ,see ,across4 ,cross the heart4 ,with right index make a little cross over the heart4 ,this means 8,i give you my word of honor40 7,pop47 ,fr4 parole d'honneur62 ,ger4 auf mein ,ehrenwort6 ,crow4 ,sign ,bird and ,black4 ,fr4 la corneille2 ,ger4 die ,krhe4 ,crowded4 ,see ,few4 ,crow ,indian4 ,see ,indian4 ,crush4 ,see ,exterminate4 ,cry out4 ,see ,yell4 ,illustration ,cry1 ,to weep4 ,with ,g forefingers near the eyes trace the courses of tears4 ,if excessive1 sign ,rain from the eyes4 7,blackfoot47 ,compare ,pity4 ,fr4 pleurer2 ,ger4 weinen4 ,cunning1 ,smart1 or ,clever4 ,make the sign for ,wolf and add the sign ,equal4 ,compare ,consider4 ,fr4 rus2 ,ger4 schlau4 ,illustration ,cut4 ,saw the lower edge of the flat right across the palm or edge of the flat left4 ,fr4 couper2 ,ger4 schneiden4 ,cutting up4 ,see ,meat4 ,illustration ,cyclone or ,whirlwind4 ,with flat right hand1 back to the right and level with the right shoulder1 make a spiral upward4 ,a very small one for a little dust whirlwind1 and a large violent one for a dangerous cyclone4 ,fr4 le cyclone2 ,ger4 der ,wirbelsturm4 ,d ,dam4 ,sign for ,stream or ,river and ,hold4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 la digue1 l'cluse2 ,ger4 der ,damm4 ,illustration ,dance 7,people jumping together74 ,bring the flat 7or 8#e07 hands in front of body about height of breast1 with fingers pointing nearly up1 palms toward each other about six inches apart4 ,move the hands briskly upward and downward a few inches several times1 simultaneously1 mostly by elbow action4 ,compare ,people4 ,illustration ,dance 7,drumming74 ,hold up one flat hand face high1 back to side1 thumb raised and up3 jerk up and down4 7,c7 ,fr4 danser2 la danse2 ,ger4 tanzen1 der ,tanz4 ,illustration ,danger 7,the ,scout or ,wolf going ahead and coming back to report danger74 ,right ,v hand1 back upward1 moved directly and slowly forward in front of the right shoulder and then suddenly and quickly drawn back at the same time the body is thrown back a little4 7,sheeaka47 ,danger4 ,sign ,look1 ,little1 ,afraid 7,no4 #b74 ,fr4 le danger2 ,ger4 die ,gefahr4 ,dangerous 7,of a man74 ,sign ,strong and ,bad4 ,fr4 dangereux2 ,ger4 gefhrlich4 ,dare you4 ,see ,challenge4 ,illustration ,dark1 ,unknown1 ,obscure4 ,bring the flat hands1 back outward1 in front of face1 right hand nearest face1 left a little ahead1 hands crossed1 tips of fingers about opposite centre of forehead2 bring the hands very slightly toward face4 ,compare ,ashamed and ,blind4 ,fr4 obscur2 ,ger4 dunkel4 ,daughter4 ,sign ,born and ,female4 ,fr4 la fille2 ,ger4 die ,tochter4 ,day4 ,see ,time4 ,daybreak4 ,sign ,little1 ,sunrise4 ,illustration ,daybreak 7,a peep through darkness74 ,hold right flat hand above left flat hand and in same plane2 right little finger on left index then raise the right hand a few inches higher4 7,c7 ,fr4 l'aube2 ,ger4 der ,tagesanbruch4 ,dead1 ,death4 ,make the sign for ,die and ,sleep4 7,c7 ,the ,cheyennes use ,die4 ,fr4 mort2 ,ger4 tot4 ,illustration ,deaf 7,hearing ground out74 ,press the palm of extended right hand slightly against right ear1 and move the hand in small circle parallel to and close to the ear4 ,sometimes add ,not4 ,fr4 sourd2 ,ger4 taub4 ,debt4 ,see ,owe4 ,deceive4 ,sign ,give and ,lie4 ,fr4 tromper2 ,ger4 betrgen4 ,illustration ,decide1 ,determine1 ,make up one's mind 7,think1 then act or settle it74 ,lower the head and raise right fist to chin2 then raise the head and cut down with the little finger edge of the flat right hand4 7,sheeaka47 ,decide4 ,this is a sentence rather than a sign4 ,with #d hand over heart1 sign ,consider2 point slowly in two or three directions for ,ways2 sign ,that by vigorously swinging the right ,g index out1 pointing down2 then add ,so by raising it slightly up and then down4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 dcider2 ,ger4 sich entscheiden4 ,illustration ,decrease1 ,reduce1 or ,make smaller4 ,hold flat right hand1 palm down1 high above1 a little to the side of flat left hand1 palm up2 move them together in succession of little jerks4 ,sometimes for emphasis finish by compressing all right fingers to a point in the left palm4 ,compare ,increase and ,heap4 ,fr4 diminuer2 ,ger4 verringern4 ,illustration ,decrepit1 ,old1 or ,broken down 7,bent with disease or age74 ,hold up ,g hand1 back to right1 higher than shoulder2 lower the hand several inches1 at same time bend the index4 7,c7 ,decrepit4 ,hold up the right ,g1 shoulder high1 with index bent in a hook2 rotate as in ,old4 ,fr4 dcrpit2 ,ger4 altersschwach1 gebrechlich4 ,deed4 ,see ,act4 ,illustration ,deep4 ,hold the left flat hand horizontal1 chin high1 back up1 fingers pointing to right2 then drop right arm to full length down with flat right hand palm up1 under left1 fingers pointing forward4 ,fr4 profond2 ,ger4 tief4 ,illustration ,deer4 ,both hands fully spread1 palms in and held up to the side of the head to represent the horns of a deer4 7,sheeaka47 ,this is generic for ,deer4 ,compare ,elk4 ,fr4 le cerf2 ,ger4 der ,hirsch4 ,illustration ,deer1 ,mule or ,rocky ,mountain ,blacktail4 ,sign ,deer then set compressed hand at each ear pointing up and forward to indicate the large ears1 as in a mule4 7,scott47 ,compare ,bear4 ,fr4 le cerf mulet2 ,ger4 der langohrige ,hirsch4 ,illustration ,deer1 ,whitetailed or ,virginian4 ,raise the right ,g hand1 pointing up and shoulder high2 switch it from nearly horizontal right to nearly horizontal left and back1 several times1 pausing at the low point each time4 ,sign ,deer if need for clearness4 ,fr4 le cerf de la ,virginie2 ,ger4 der ,hirsch aus ,virginien4 ,defame4 ,see ,abuse4 ,illustration ,defend1 ,protect1 ,defense1 ,forbid1 or ,protection4 ,sign the same as the first part of ,corral1 but swing the joined hands to left and right4 ,so also to separate the hands means to ,loose or ,remove protection4 ,see ,hold or ,protect4 ,fr4 dfendre2 ,ger4 verteidigen4 ,illustration ,defiance1 ,defy1 ,dare1 ,challenge1 or ,i defy you4 ,point the ,t hand toward the person4 ,this is an extremely insulting challenge implying also the extreme of hatred and contempt4 ,see ,challenge4 ,fr4 le dfi1 dfier2 ,ger4 die ,herausforderung1 trotzen4 ,defiance1 ,insolent4 ,see ,mockery4 ,delight4 ,see ,excite4 ,depart4 ,see ,go4 ,illustration ,describe1 ,explain1 or ,tell about 7,tell all about it74 ,sign ,talk and ,all--that is1 swing the curved flat right hand1 palm down1 and to left1 in a horizontal circle in front of the right cheek4 ,fr4 dcrire2 ,ger4 beschreiben4 ,desire4 ,see ,want4 ,destroy4 ,see ,exterminate4 ,determine4 ,see ,decide4 ,devil4 ,sign ,medicine1 ,horns1 and ,tail4 ,a purely modern sign4 ,fr4 le diable2 ,ger4 der ,teufel4 ,dew4 ,sign ,night1 ,grass1 and the ,shimmer2 i4e41 pass curved right #e hand1 palm down1 with a tremulous motion just above the grass and add ,water4 7,c7 ,fr4 la rose2 ,ger4 der ,tau4 ,illustration ,die 7,to go under2 i4e41 underground74 ,hold left hand flat1 fingers horizontal1 palm to you1 breast high1 pointing to right4 ,hold right ,g hand pointing to left above and within2 pass it down1 under and up beyond1 still pointing to left4 ,this is capable of modification4 ,thus passing the right hand under and drawing it back means to be near death but to ,recover4 ,to make the sign ,little after this means to ,faint4 ,fr4 mourir2 ,ger4 sterben4 ,die out4 ,see ,melt4 ,illustration ,different or ,wrong 7,push aside74 ,hold up the flat right1 pointing forward and a little up1 back to right4 ,swing the whole arm a foot to right1 forward and upward1 without bending the wrist1 then back to first pose and repeat2 a much-used and very plastic sign4 ,compare ,bad and ,no4 ,fr4 diffrent2 ,ger4 anders4 ,difficulty4 ,see ,trouble4 ,dig4 ,use flat right hand as a spade4 ,fr4 creuser2 ,ger4 graben4 ,dime4 ,sign ,white1 ,little1 ,money4 ,dinner4 ,sign ,noon or ,night1 as may be1 and ,eat4 ,fr4 le dner2 ,ger4 das ,mittagessen1 die ,haupmahlzeit4 ,direction4 ,point the ,g finger forward and down1 swing it forward in a curve till it is about horizontal and pointing in the line intended4 ,fr4 la direction2 ,ger4 die ,richtung4 ,dirt or ,soil4 ,see ,earth4 ,dirty4 ,rub the tips of the #ast and #bnd fingers with the tip of the thumb1 exactly as in ,powder1 and add ,bad4 ,fr4 sal2 ,ger4 schmutzig4 ,illustration ,disappear4 ,hold out the flat left1 palm in1 then shoot compressed right1 points first1 over and down2 then rub upper edge of left with palm tips of right to mean wiped out4 ,disappear4 ,look around and sign ,see1 ,not4 ,sometimes use ,hide4 ,fr4 disparatre2 ,ger4 verschwinden4 ,disbelief4 ,sign ,that1 ,true1 ,i think1 ,no4 ,fr4 l'incrdulit2 ,ger4 der ,unglaube4 ,disciple4 ,see ,learner4 ,discouraged4 ,see ,sorrow4 ,discovery4 ,found out4 ,illustration ,discussion1 ,conversation1 or ,debate 7,in a general sense74 ,hold out both flat hands1 palms up1 level1 six inches apart1 breast high2 swing both to left1 then back to right several times1 to signify the handing of words back and forth4 ,discussion or ,conversation 7,between two74 ,make the sign for ,talk alternately right at left and left at right4 ,fr4 la conversation2 ,ger4 das ,gesprch4 ,disgust or ,dislike4 ,push both flat hands forward palms out1 fingers up1 and turn away head4 ,or ,heart1 ,tired4 7,c7 ,sometimes use ,scorn4 ,fr4 le dgot2 ,ger4 der ,ekel4 ,illustration ,dismount4 ,sign ,horseman1 then separate and lower right ,v hand1 points up4 ,if the points of the ,a hand were down1 it would mean 8looking on the ground40 ,see ,mount4 ,fr4 descendre de cheval2 ,ger4 absteigen4 ,disobey4 ,sign ,hear1 ,not4 ,compare ,obey4 ,fr4 dsobir2 ,ger4 nicht gehorchen4 ,distant4 ,see ,far4 ,distress4 ,see ,sorrow4 ,fr4 la misre2 ,ger4 die ,not4 ,dissolve4 ,see ,melt4 ,dive 7,to plunge into water74 ,place flat hands palm to palm and make the action of diving4 ,fr4 plonger2 ,ger4 tauchen4 ,illustration ,dive or ,swoop 7,like a bird in air74 ,hold out flat left hand1 back outward1 bring flat right hand1 back out1 some inches in rear of and higher than left hand1 pointing downward and forward2 then shoot the right hand downward and outward1 back of hand grazing under the left hand and up beyond4 ,compare ,born4 ,fr4 s'lancer2 ,ger4 niederschiessen au4 ,divorce4 ,sign ,marry1 then swing the fingers apart horizontally4 ,this is a legal divorce4 ,when ,abandon is used it means leaving one's mate without legal divorce4 ,do4 ,see ,work4 ,doctor4 ,sign ,chief and ,medicine4 7,c7 ,the ,cheyennes omit ,chief4 ,fr4 le mdecin1 le docteur2 ,ger4 der ,arzt4 ,illustration ,doer or ,the one who does or ,man who 7of all1 that one74 ,sign ,man1 then swing right ,g on the level a foot1 and back six inches2 then raise and strike with same ,g down on middle of the line4 7,sheeaka4 ,apparently no other ,indian knew it47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,man and ,work1 or ,man and ,knows4 ,fr4 l'auteur1 celui qui fait2 ,ger4 der ,tter4 ,illustration ,dog 7,drawing lodge poles74 ,with ,v hand back up in front of body draw the double trail down and backward4 ,compare ,wolf4 ,seger maintains that the idea here is the dog's ears point backward as he runs4 ,see ,bark4 ,fr4 le chien2 ,ger4 der ,hund4 ,dollar4 ,sign ,money and ,one4 ,this would vary with the country1 the sign stands for the unit of currency4 ,fr4 le dollar2 ,ger4 der ,dollar4 ,illustration ,done1 ,ended1 ,finished1 ,complete1 ,period1 or ,full ,stop 7,chopped off74 ,hold left hand flat1 fingers touching1 point forward1 thumb up and with edge of right similarly held1 chop down close past the tips of the fingers4 ,also used as an auxiliary past tense1 as ,i done eat4 ,illustration ,done 7#b7 ,finish1 ,quit1 ,break off4 ,hold up both fists at level of chin1 palms down1 middle knuckles of left touching ditto of right2 jerk them a foot apart as though breaking a cord2 swing them apart1 down1 along and up4 ,this is also used as a ,period at the end of sentence and ,i have seen it used for ,bankrupt4 ,it is a northern sign recently established among the ,cheyennes4 ,compare ,fat and ,break4 ,fr4 fini2 ,ger4 fertig4 ,illustration ,don't ,care 7,i am defiant74 ,tap chest with tips of right flat hand1 then swing the hand briskly and high to right1 keeping palm facing the left4 7,sheeaka47 ,merely shrug the shoulders4 7,blackfoot47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,go ahead4 ,fr4 cela m'est gal2 ,ger4 ich mache mir nichts daraus4 ,do not or ,don't4 ,hold up flat right hand1 palm out1 and forward at an angle2 sharply shake the hand by wrist action back and forward 7not sidewise71 also sometimes the head4 ,compare ,easy and ,rub it out4 ,sometimes use ,stop4 ,fr4 ne faites pas2 ,ger4 tun ,sie das nicht4 ,don't want4 ,see under ,want4 ,illustration ,door4 ,sign ,teepee or ,house1 then hold flat left hand1 thumb up1 and lay flat right across the palm with little finger of the right as the hinge2 swing it till it lies flat on left palm4 7,c7 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,house1 then pull and swing an imaginary door4 ,fr4 la porte2 ,ger4 die ,tr4 ,doubt1 ,i am doubtful4 ,very slowly shake the head4 7,pop47 ,cheyennes and other ,indians add--right hand held out palm forward and down1 open and shaken2 really a slow1 slight ,question sign4 ,see ,if4 ,fr4 le doute1 j'en doute2 ,ger4 der ,zweifel1 ich bezweifle4 ,down1 ,downward1 or ,below4 ,point straight down with right ,g1 lowering the same4 7,blackfoot47 ,some use flat hand for this4 ,compare ,here4 ,fr4 en bas2 ,ger4 unten4 ,down-hearted4 ,see ,sorrow4 ,dream 7,see while sleeping74 ,sign ,sleep and ,see2 keeping the eyes closed4 ,fr4 le rve2 ,ger4 der ,traum4 ,dress4 ,pass the palm of the ,l hand over the part of the body to be covered4 ,compare ,hat1 ,moccasin1 ,robe1 etc4 ,fr4 la robe2 ,ger4 das ,kleid4 ,illustration ,drink or ,drinking 7,from a cup74 ,the ,o hand to the mouth as in drinking4 ,compare ,want4 ,illustration ,drinking in the abstract would be3 ,draw the hollow hand level to the mouth from slightly above and down past chin1 fingers pointing nearly forward4 ,this combines ,water and ,swallow4 ,see ,water4 ,compare ,speech4 ,fr4 buvant2 ,ger4 trinkend4 ,drinking liquor 7,half a finger74 ,hold up right ,g hand back to you1 then lay left ,g across back to indicate liquor1 then add ,drink4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 buvant une boisson alcoolique2 ,ger4 ,schnaps trinkend4 ,illustration ,drive 7,sense of driving a herd1 or running off a herd74 ,with ,l hands horizontal1 opposite each other and same height1 about an inch between tips of thumbs2 move the hands simultaneously in the direction of the drive4 ,fr4 mener2 ,ger4 treiben4 ,illustration ,driving 7,a team74 ,hold both hands1 backs out1 as though holding reins1 thumbs straight1 with index of each around its point4 ,see-saw the hands on the same level4 ,fr4 conduisant2 ,ger4 lenkend1 fahrend4 ,drouth4 ,sign1 ,long time1 ,rain1 ,no4 ,fr4 la scheresse2 ,ger4 die ,drre4 ,drown4 ,sign ,water and ,die4 ,fr4 noyer2 ,ger4 ertrinken4 ,drum4 ,with ,g fingers draw a large circle1 beginning together well forward1 each making half-circle1 ending near body2 then strike on it several times with right ,a4 ,fr4 le tambour2 ,ger4 die ,trommel4 ,drunk or ,drunkard4 ,sign ,crazy1 ,drink1 and ,much4 ,fr4 ivre2 ,ger4 betrunken4 ,dry 7,of a stream or spring74 ,sign ,stream1 ,water1 ,all gone4 ,fr4 sec2 ,ger4 trocken4 ,dry4 ,see ,thirsty4 ,illustration ,duck4 ,sign for ,bird and make the broad bill with flat hand held under the nose1 back up1 pointing forward2 push it forward a few inches1 or else with thumb below and first and second fingers above4 ,fr4 le canard2 ,ger4 die ,ente4 ,dull 7,of a tool74 ,sign ,cut and ,not or ,bad4 ,compare ,saw4 ,fr4 mouss2 ,ger4 stumpf4 ,dull4 ,see ,dunce4 ,dumb4 ,press the finger tips of the flat hand on the mouth2 add ,talk and ,no4 ,fr4 muet2 ,ger4 stumm4 ,dunce or ,dull 7,blockhead74 ,strike forehead with right fist knuckles4 7,d7 ,a ,cheyenne signed it ,behind1 ,book1 ,know1 ,not4 ,fr4 le bent1 l'imbcile2 ,ger4 der ,dummkopf4 ,during4 ,see ,while4 ,dust4 ,rub tips of right fingers with tip of right thumb1 as in ,powder2 then with flat right hand horizontal1 palm down1 pat several times toward the earth4 7,scott47 ,see ,earth and ,land4 ,if the dust is in the air1 pat down with one flat hand1 then wave both #e hands1 points up1 near the eyes2 sometimes blink and draw back to make it more expressive4 ,fr4 la poussire2 ,ger4 der ,staub4 ,duty 7,that1 me1 sends74 ,sign for ,that1 ,me1 and ,go 7emphatically74 ,fr4 le devoir2 ,ger4 die ,pflicht4 ,illustration ,dwell or ,inhabit 7,alive and moving about in74 ,right flat hand1 face high1 pointing up1 twisted slowly from left to right two or three times4 ,compare ,appear1 ,alive1 and ,doubt4 ,illustration ,dwell 7#b7 7,sitting1 emphatic74 ,one fist above the other in front as though grasping a stake1 then with both hands push it down and slightly forward4 7,blackfoot47 ,compare ,sit4 ,fr4 demeurer2 ,ger4 bewohnen1 wohnen4 ,dwindle4 ,see ,decrease4 ,e ,illustration ,eagle4 ,the sign for ,bird is slowly made1 then with the ,g hand in front of the face1 back to right1 describe a downward curve from between the eyes to indicate the curved bill of the eagle4 ,this same sign is given for ,roman nose1 but hold the back of the hand forward4 ,fr4 l'aigle2 ,ger4 der ,adler4 ,early4 ,see ,soon4 ,early evening4 ,sign ,sunset and ,little of4 7,c7 ,the ,cheyennes understood this1 but preferred to swing the ,sun sign down to near1 but not quite1 level4 ,fr4 au commencement du soir2 ,ger4 frh am ,abend4 ,early morning4 ,sign ,little and ,daybreak1 or ,sunrise4 ,fr4 de bon matin2 ,ger4 frhmorgens4 ,ear-rings4 ,make a ring of each index and thumb and apply to each ear-lobe1 backs of hands out1 other fingers raised4 ,fr4 les boucles d'oreilles2 ,ger4 das ,ohrgehnge4 ,earth1 the ,world 7,all land74 ,sign ,all with both flat hands1 palms down1 then pat down with both hands twice4 ,compare ,land4 ,fr4 le monde2 ,ger4 die ,erde1 die ,welt4 ,earth1 ,soil1 or ,dirt4 ,point down1 then with thumb and finger tips1 lift and rub some imaginary soil as in ,powder4 ,fr4 la terre2 ,ger4 die ,erde1 der ,schmutz4 ,illustration ,easy1 ,softly1 or ,gently4 ,hold flat hand at face height1 fingers half spread and a little curved1 palm forward1 leaning toward the person and gently and slightly shake the hand from side to side4 7,sioux and ,blackfoot47 ,with slight modification1 much used on the railway in shunting4 ,compare ,rub it out1 ,question1 and ,do not4 ,fr4 doucement2 ,ger4 sachte4 ,illustration ,eat or ,food4 ,throw the nearly compressed right hand lightly in a curve past the mouth several times4 ,compare ,water and ,drink4 ,fr4 manger2 ,ger4 essen4 ,illustration ,eaten enough 7,full to throat74 ,sign ,eat1 then lay ,l hand on breast1 palm in1 and raise it to opposite chin4 ,compare ,hang4 ,fr4 assez mang2 ,ger4 satt gegessen4 ,effect4 ,see ,result4 ,effort4 ,see ,try4 ,egg4 ,sign ,bird and ,born2 then indicate the size of the egg with finger and thumb of one or both hands4 ,fr4 l'oeuf2 ,ger4 das ,ei4 ,illustration ,either1 ,or4 ,hold out left ,v hand1 back up2 tap each finger in turn with right ,g4 ,compare ,both4 ,fr4 l'un ou l'autre1 ou 444 ou2 ,ger4 entweder 444 oder4 ,illustration ,elk or ,wapiti4 ,hold the hands above the head at arm's length on each side1 thumb and first two fingers of each spread1 others closed2 jerk them forward two or three times for three or four inches4 ,compare ,deer1 ,moose1 and ,caribou4 ,fr4 le cerf du ,canada2 ,ger4 das ,elentier4 ,illustration ,empty1 ,absent1 ,gone1 or ,out of4 ,place the right #e hand1 points up1 in the left ,c hand1 which is back1 forward1 and down2 drop the right hand down out of the left1 closing left to ,o4 ,compare ,all gone4 ,fr4 vide2 ,ger4 leer4 ,encamp4 ,see ,camp4 ,encircle4 ,see ,surround4 ,illustration ,enclosure4 ,hold out both #e hands level1 palm to palm1 finger tips touching2 swing them apart in a horizontal circle2 draw them back2 end with fingers wide apart and heels touching4 ,a much-used sign4 ,see ,corral4 ,fr4 l'enclos2 ,ger4 die ,einzunung4 ,end4 ,see ,done4 ,illustration ,endure1 ,suffer1 or ,stand it 7,suffering1 but strong and erect74 ,hold flat curved right hand close in front of breast1 breathe heavily1 swinging the hand near and from2 then raise the right ,a hand in a curve out and up1 about head high4 7,sheeaka47 ,understood1 but not used by ,cheyennes4 ,fr4 supporter2 ,ger4 aushalten1 leiden4 ,enemy4 ,sign ,shake hands and ,not4 ,sometimes use ,hate4 ,fr4 l'ennemi2 ,ger4 der ,feind4 ,illustration ,engaged or ,betrothed 7,ring-bound74 ,sign ,prisoner1 then with right index indicate a ring on ring finger of left hand4 7,d7 ,engaged4 ,sign ,bye and bye1 ,marry4 ,see ,courting4 ,fr4 fianc2 ,ger4 verlobt4 ,engagement 7i4e41 ,business74 ,swing the flat hands1 palms up1 up and down for six or eight inches1 as in ,road1 but not progressing4 ,or1 sign ,road and ,meet4 ,fr4 l'engagement1 l'obligation2 ,ger4 die ,verabredung4 ,enlist4 ,sign ,work and ,soldier4 ,fr4 enrler2 ,ger4 sich anwerben lassen4 ,illustration ,enough or ,full in general sense 7,levelling off a full measure74 ,hold out left ,o hand1 back to left1 and across the top from right to left pass the flat palm of the open right hand4 ,sometimes add ,strong1 to mean ,plenty4 ,see ,eaten enough4 ,fr4 assez2 ,ger4 genug4 ,illustration ,enter or ,come into4 ,hold out hollow left1 back up1 and pass compressed right hand under and beyond4 ,fr4 entrer2 ,ger4 eintreten4 ,illustration ,equal1 ,even1 ,same1 ,too1 ,also 7,even race74 ,hold ,g hands in front of breast1 side by side1 backs up1 pointing to front1 about two inches apart2 push them forward together and a little up in a sweep4 ,a much-used sign4 ,compare ,race1 ,parallel1 ,marry1 and ,mate4 ,fr4 gal1 le mme2 ,ger4 gleich1 egal1 genau so4 ,erase or ,annul4 ,sign ,wrong and ,wipe out4 ,see ,rub it out4 ,fr4 effacer2 ,ger4 auslschen1 ausstreichen4 ,escape4 ,see ,free4 ,even or ,same4 ,see ,equal4 ,evening4 ,sign ,night and ,little of4 7,c7 ,see ,early evening4 ,fr4 le soir2 ,ger4 der ,abend4 ,ever4 ,see ,always4 ,evil or ,sin4 ,sign ,work and ,bad4 ,illustration ,evil ,eye4 ,close all fingers of right hand1 except index and little finger2 to point these at any one means 8,you have the ,evil ,eye40 ,in ,italy this is an insult4 7,pop47 ,in ,france it means 8,shame on you10 or 8,i put you to shame40 7,pop47 ,fr4 la main corne2 ,ger4 das ,hexenauge4 ,except or ,unless4 ,see ,but4 ,illustration ,excessive1 ,too much1 ,unjust1 ,too 7,extremely1 piled up74 ,with right palm down1 make a succession of curves1 marking stages each higher than the last1 beginning very low2 then finish by swinging both hands1 palm down1 away up and forward4 7,sheeaka47 ,or sign ,heap4 ,sometimes use ,enough4 ,fr4 excessif1 trop2 ,ger4 bermssig1 zu viel4 ,exchange4 ,see ,trade4 ,illustration ,excite1 ,agitate 7,heart flutters74 ,sign ,heart1 then hold the #e hand near the heart1 back to right1 pointing upward2 raise it a foot shaking the fingers4 ,the ,blackfeet use this for ,glad1 and in most cases among the ,cheyennes it implies pleasant excitement4 ,fr4 exciter2 ,ger4 aufregen4 ,excuse4 ,see ,wipe out4 ,exist4 ,see ,be4 ,expect4 ,see ,hope4 ,explain4 ,see ,describe4 ,illustration ,exterminate1 ,annihilate1 ,crush1 ,destroy1 etc4 7,crushed and wiped out74 ,drop flat right on flat left1 palm to palm1 grind them together1 then brush the right over the left tips1 to front and beyond4 ,compare ,wipe out4 ,fr4 exterminer2 ,ger4 vernichten4 ,f ,illustration ,face4 ,sweep the flat right hand1 palm in1 across the face and down4 ,this is sometimes used for ,person4 ,fr4 la figure2 ,ger4 das ,gesicht4 ,fade4 ,see ,melt4 ,faint4 ,signs for ,die and ,recover4 ,fr4 s'vanouir1 faible1 puis2 ,ger4 ohnmchtig werden1 schwach4 ,illustration ,fall or ,tumble4 ,the right flat hand in front of breast1 back up1 swept briskly out1 forward up and down1 to rest palm up4 ,compare ,another and ,lie ,down4 ,fr4 tomber2 ,ger4 hinfallen4 ,fall4 ,see ,autumn4 ,illustration ,fall 7,of water74 ,sign ,river or ,creek1 then hold out flat left1 back out1 and push flat right over it1 bending right fingers over far edge1 making them tremble4 ,fr4 la cataracte2 ,ger4 der ,wasserfall4 ,fail1 that is1 to lack success4 ,see ,cannot4 ,fail 7,in business74 ,sign ,work1 ,backward4 7,blackfoot47 ,the ,backward is indicated by holding the flat left well forward1 drawing the flat right back in jumps4 ,fr4 faire faillite2 ,ger4 bankerott werden4 ,false4 ,see ,lie4 ,fame4 ,see ,glory4 ,illustration ,famous 7,standing on a hill74 ,sign ,hill1 then over that hold right ,g1 palm forward1 index just above left thumb4 ,or1 sign ,chief and ,brave4 ,fr4 fameux1 clbre2 ,ger4 berhmt4 ,illustration ,far object1 ,distant or ,far forward1 ,over there4 ,move the ,g hand forward and upward in a long slow arch1 finishing at arm's length with down curve4 ,illustration ,far 7,in general74 ,flat right hand curved1 pointing to left1 back forward1 pushed out and up at arm's length4 ,compare ,close4 ,fr4 loin2 ,ger4 entfernt4 ,farm4 ,sign ,land and ,planting4 ,fr4 la ferme2 ,ger4 der ,pachthof4 ,farmer4 ,sign ,corn and ,chief4 ,fr4 le fermier2 ,ger4 der ,ackerbauer4 ,illustration ,fast1 ,quick1 ,rapid1 or ,swift 7,pass by74 ,hold out the flat left hand1 back to left4 ,bring the flat right hand1 back to right1 several inches in rear of and slightly to right of left1 pointing to front and downward2 carry right hand swiftly past left and close to it1 and as it passes1 by wrist action1 raise the hand so that fingers will point upward and in front1 making a curve2 at the same time1 draw back the left a little4 ,fr4 rapide1 vite2 ,ger4 schnell4 ,illustration ,fat 7,shape of a fat animal's hips74 ,hold the fists out side by side1 thumb to thumb1 then swing them apart in two curves1 up1 out1 down1 and a little forward4 ,compare ,done and ,break4 ,fr4 gras2 ,ger4 fett4 ,fat or ,grease4 ,see ,oil4 ,illustration ,father 7,nurse1 male74 ,with compressed right hand1 pluck at the right breast two or three times1 as though drawing out milk4 ,sometimes add ,male4 ,compare ,mother4 ,fr4 le pre2 ,ger4 der ,vater4 ,father-in-law4 ,sign ,brother-in-law1 ,old1 and ,man4 ,illustration ,fault-finding 7,striking1 knocking74 ,with flat right hand1 arm at full length1 make a succession of short chops down4 ,this is fault-finding with another4 ,for 8fault-finding with me0 chop toward the breast4 7,sheeaka47 ,see ,abuse1 ,chop1 and ,by itself4 ,the ,cheyennes use ,you1 ,all time1 ,scold4 ,fr4 blmer1 censurer2 ,ger4 das ,tadeln4 ,illustration ,fear1 ,cowardice1 ,coward4 ,the head stooped down and the right arm thrown up1 palm out1 as though to ward off danger4 7,sheeaka47 ,the ,cheyennes understand1 but prefer ,woman1 ,heart4 ,see ,afraid4 ,fr4 la peur2 ,ger4 die ,furcht4 ,feather 7,small74 ,pluck an imaginary feather from left arm with index finger and thumb of right hand and blow it away from the mouth with one puff1 at same time opening the finger and thumb to let it go4 ,feather1 i4e41 ,quill ,feather4 ,sign ,wing1 then make as though pulling out and holding up ,one feather4 ,fr4 la plume2 ,ger4 die ,feder4 ,feel 7,that is1 heart feels74 ,place the tip of the middle finger1 others extended and lifted1 against the heart2 then draw it up a little way4 7,d7 ,fr4 sentir2 ,ger4 empfinden4 ,illustration ,feel or ,touch 7to touch74 ,the hand as above1 but pushed forward and moved a little from side to side4 7,sheeaka47 ,see ,hot4 ,feel or ,touch4 ,hold out left flat hand1 back up2 press tip of right flat hand on it at various places4 ,compare ,at4 ,fr4 toucher2 ,ger4 tasten1 berhren4 ,illustration ,female or ,woman4 ,draw the flat right hand1 palm in close to the side of the head1 finger tips about on line with the top of head2 lower the hand1 at the same time curving fingers as though combing with them the hair over ears and cheeks2 finish with a snap at line of shoulders4 ,two hands are used in the north4 ,compare ,comb4 ,for ,white woman indicate an immense hat4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 la femme2 ,ger4 das ,weib4 ,fetch4 ,see ,bring4 ,few4 ,see ,small4 ,illustration ,fight or ,war4 ,hold loosely clenched ,a hands well out in front of body1 thumbs toward body1 about height of shoulders and about three inches apart2 bring right hand in toward body few inches1 at same time move left out about same distance2 then carry right out and bring left in1 repeating these two or three times1 making them by wrist and elbow action4 ,this is a fight of many2 for a fight of two1 use the ,g fingers same way4 ,in old days1 according to ,father ,isadore1 the signal for ,battle was a handful of dust thrown in the air4 ,the gesture of doing this came to mean ,fight4 ,fr4 le combat1 la guerre2 ,ger4 der ,streit1 der ,krieg4 ,find4 ,sign ,look around here and there1 then shoot out the ,v hand and pick up an imaginary something with finger and thumb4 ,compare ,choose and ,hunt4 ,fr4 trouver2 ,ger4 finden4 ,illustration ,fingers crossed1 ,to claim ,sanctuary4 ,also called ,bar up1 ,king's ,x1 ,king's ,cross1 ,pax1 ,truce1 ,fins1 ,fines1 etc4 ,hold up right hand with first and second fingers crossed4 ,this means 8,i claim privilege1 what ,i do now is outside the game40 7,universal in our schools and probably very ancient47 ,fr4 tre exempt2 ,ger4 die ,immunitt1 verschont sein4 ,finish4 ,hold out flat left1 palm up2 rub flat right on it1 palm down1 making two sunwise circles4 ,also use ,done4 ,illustration ,fire 7,blaze1 flaring up with smoke74 ,hold the right hand down and forward at arm's length1 back in front of the body2 fingers hooked so the tip of thumb is over the nails of first three fingers and holds them down2 raise the hand six inches and spring the fingers upward1 free1 separate1 and straight4 ,do this twice4 ,compare ,aurora4 ,fr4 le feu2 ,ger4 das ,feuer4 ,fire1 ,spark of4 ,hold up right thumb and index as though holding something and blow it steadily2 add ,fire if needed for clearness4 ,compare ,feather 7small74 ,fr4 l'tincelle2 ,ger4 der ,funke4 ,fire1 ,set it afire4 ,make the motion of striking a match on the side of the thigh and thrusting it forward4 ,fr4 allumer2 ,ger4 anznden4 ,illustration ,fire off1 ,shoot1 or ,gun-,fire 7,blaze shooting forward74 ,right hand in front of right shoulder2 throw palm forward six inches and at same time straighten and spread all fingers with a jerk4 ,some add a hand clap or many for ,volley firing4 ,fr4 dcharger1 faire feu sur1 tirer2 ,ger4 schiessen1 abfeuern4 ,illustration ,first 7,of all1 number one74 ,hold up left #e hand1 palm to right2 push it forward1 then tap the little finger with the right ,g4 7,sheeaka4 ,a ,sioux sign1 but understood by ,cheyennes47 ,compare ,last and ,guide4 ,first4 ,sign ,ahead4 ,fr4 le premier2 ,ger4 der ,erste4 ,illustration ,fish4 ,make sign for ,water2 then hold flat right hand1 back to right1 in front of right shoulder1 elbow high2 and move the hand sinuously forward4 ,often omit ,water4 ,compare ,snake4 ,fr4 le poisson2 ,ger4 der ,fisch4 ,fisher or ,pekan4 ,sign ,marten and ,big 7suggested1 not established74 ,fr4 le pkan2 ,ger4 der kanadische ,marder4 ,illustration ,fix4 ,lay low edge of flat right hand on upper edge of flat left near thumb base4 ,push right forward and down1 turning left back up4 7,c7 ,or1 sign ,work and ,all right4 ,compare ,mend1 ,council1 and ,law4 ,fr4 ajuster1 arranger2 ,ger4 herrichten1 in ,ordnung machen4 ,fix1 ,in a ,fix4 ,see ,quandary4 ,illustration ,flag4 ,hold flat right well out1 back to right4 ,lay left ,g on wrist of right4 ,wave right sidewise4 ,fr4 le drapeau2 ,ger4 die ,flagge4 ,flat4 ,see ,prairie4 ,flesh4 ,see ,meat4 ,illustration ,float4 ,flat left hand1 back up2 place flat right on it1 palm down1 and move both to right as on waves4 7,c7 ,understood by ,cheyennes4 ,fr4 flotter2 ,ger4 oben auf schwimmen1 auf dem ,wasser treiben4 ,illustration ,flood4 ,indicate source of ,water1 then hold up both flat hands1 backs up1 side by side1 waist high2 raise them neck high and sign ,charge4 ,omit ,charge unless needed4 ,fr4 l'inondation2 ,ger4 die ,flut4 ,flour4 ,sign ,bread and ,powder4 ,fr4 la farine2 ,ger4 das ,mehl4 ,illustration ,flower1 ,bloom1 or ,blossom4 ,sign ,grass1 but higher2 then clasp right index and thumb over left ditto1 others closed2 then turn the hands so the little fingers touch and the thumbs point up4 7,c7 ,illustration ,flower4 ,sign ,grow2 hold both compressed hands together in front1 pointing up1 backs out2 spring them out into #e hands1 forming a circle pointing up4 ,fly 7,the insect74 ,sign ,bird1 ,small2 then point here and there on the arm anywhere4 ,sometimes omit ,small4 ,fr4 la mouche2 ,ger4 die ,fliege4 ,fly 7,to74 ,with flat hands held near shoulders simulate wings1 beating exactly as in ,bird1 but move the hands forward a foot or more horizontally4 ,compare ,bird4 ,fr4 voler2 ,ger4 fliegen4 ,illustration ,fog 7,water1 peep through74 ,sign ,water and hold the #e hands1 fingers crossed1 in front of the eyes4 7,c7 ,the ,cheyennes understand this1 but prefer the next3 ,fog 7,mud in the sky74 ,sign ,turtle1 then raise both #e hands1 palms forward1 from the horizon up high2 then spread them out4 ,this expresses 8turtles in the sky02 probably because the sky is clouded as is the water when the turtle moves in it4 ,fr4 le brouillard2 ,ger4 der ,nebel4 ,illustration ,illustration ,follow or ,chase4 ,left ,g hand pointing nearly up1 moved ahead and variously pursued six inches behind by right ,g hand4 ,sheeaka used his thumbs for this4 ,fr4 suivre2 ,ger4 folgen1 nachlaufen4 ,illustration ,fond1 ,fondness1 ,love1 ,affection1 ,regard1 etc4 7,pressed to the heart74 ,cross wrists of ,a hands1 backs out1 over the heart1 right nearest body1 few inches from it2 draw both against the body and bend the head over them4 ,with one hand it is ,like2 with two hands1 ,love4 7,blackfoot47 ,compare ,blanket4 ,fr4 affectueux2 ,ger4 zrtlich1 liebevoll4 ,food4 ,see ,eat4 ,fool1 ,do you take me for a4 ,with the right ,g index1 draw down the lower eyelid a little2 as though to say1 8,can you see any green there80 7,pop47 ,fr4 le sot1 me croyez vous bte8 ,ger4 der ,narr1 denken ,sie ich bin dumm8 ,foolish4 ,see ,crazy4 ,foolish or ,unwise4 ,sign ,crazy and ,little of4 ,fr4 imbcile2 ,ger4 nrrisch4 ,football signs4 ,see page #bcc4 ,footprints 7,visible walk74 ,sign for ,walk and for ,see with the fingers pointed down4 ,this is ,human tracks2 for ,horse tracks1 sign ,walk with the index and thumb of each hand in a three-quarter circle1 other fingers closed1 and then add ,see as here4 ,fr4 les empreintes des pieds2 ,ger4 die ,fusztapfen4 ,footrace4 ,sign ,walk quickly1 and ,race4 ,fr4 la course pied2 ,ger4 der ,wettlauf4 ,illustration ,for 7,giving to74 ,throw the flat right hand forward and palm down1 slowly toward the object4 ,compare ,stop1 ,give1 and ,wait4 ,for4 ,sometimes use ,belongs4 ,hold out the two ,g hands nearly back up1 a foot apart2 swing them together till the ,g tips are about two inches apart4 7,sheeaka47 ,illustration ,for4 ,lightly close the right as though it held some object1 push it forward and upward1 back to right4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 pour2 ,ger4 fr4 ,forbid4 ,see ,defend4 ,illustration ,forest1 ,timber1 or ,woods4 ,hold both forearms upright1 with all the fingers much spread1 meaning ,trees1 the right hand nearest the body1 its back against the palm of left2 then separate them1 drawing right hand toward the body1 moving the left away and upward in a curve4 ,see ,tree4 ,fr4 la fort2 ,ger4 der ,wald4 ,forever4 ,see ,always4 ,forgive4 ,see ,excuse4 ,illustration ,forget or ,forgot 7,swept from my brain74 ,touch the forehead with the right ,n finger4 ,shake the head and motion as though to brush away an imaginary fly from near the nose4 7,sheeaka and ,pop47 ,see ,remember not4 ,forget or ,forgot4 ,clap right hand down on left 7for surprise72 lay right ,g1 palm forward1 on forehead1 and add ,hid4 ,fr4 oublier2 ,ger4 vergessen4 ,forward 7,in space74 ,see ,ahead4 ,forward 7,in time74 ,see ,future4 ,found it4 ,sign ,i ,saw1 then reach forward and with index and thumb pick up an imaginary object4 ,compare ,choose4 ,illustration ,found it4 ,at a distance1 hold both hands high above the head1 fingers closed1 thumbs pointing toward each other4 7,pop47 ,fr4 je l'ai trouv2 ,ger4 ich habe es gefunden4 ,found out1 i4e41 ,you are found out4 ,point forefinger at the person4 7,sheeaka47 ,or sign ,you1 ,i1 ,understand4 ,fr4 dmasqu2 ,ger4 ertappt4 ,four-foot4 ,see ,animal4 ,fox4 ,indicate the size of animal and bushy tail4 ,fr4 le renard2 ,ger4 der ,fuchs4 ,illustration ,free1 ,escape1 ,safe1 ,save1 ,relief1 ,permit1 ,turn loose 7,unbinding74 ,s hands crossed at wrists4 ,with an effort1 break the imaginary bonds and throw the hands apart1 turning palm sides up4 ,sometimes add ,go4 ,see ,pardon4 ,illustration ,free1 ,wild1 or ,free of ,incumbrance 7,cut loose74 ,hold flat right hand in front of breast1 fingers forward1 back down2 move by wrist action sharply to left a few inches2 then jerk back to place two or three times as though cutting something loose4 ,compare ,chop and ,wild ,animal4 ,fr4 libre2 ,ger4 frei4 ,illustration ,freeze over1 ,form ice4 ,sign for ,cold1 ,water1 then raise and move till the flat hands are touching in front1 side by side1 backs up and at arm's length4 7,c7 ,see ,ice4 ,fr4 geler2 ,ger4 gefrieren4 ,illustration ,friend1 ,friendship1 or ,chum 7,brothers growing up together74 ,hold right ,n hand in front of neck1 palm forward1 pointing up2 raise it head high1 slightly advancing it4 ,alliance is sometimes used1 or even ,peace4 ,fr4 l'ami2 ,ger4 der ,freund4 ,illustration ,frog 7,water hopper74 ,water2 then with compressed right hand make long hops forward4 ,fr4 la grenouille2 ,ger4 der ,frosch4 ,illustration ,from4 ,touch digit of right ,g hand to right shoulder1 then throw it in a long sweep up and forward4 ,sometimes ,indians use flat hand for this4 ,fr4 de2 ,ger4 von4 ,frost4 ,sign1 ,cold1 ,white1 and ,strong4 ,fr4 la gele2 ,ger4 der ,frost4 ,illustration ,fruit4 ,sign ,tree1 then make a ring of right index and thumb1 others closed1 and place it here and there in the branches1 and add ,eat4 ,compare ,berry1 ,leaf1 and ,money4 ,fr4 le fruit2 ,ger4 die ,frucht4 ,full4 ,see ,enough4 ,future 7,time ahead74 ,make the signs for ,time and ,far ahead4 ,see also ,will4 ,fr4 futur1 l'avenir2 ,ger4 zuknftig1 die ,zukunft4 ,g ,illustration ,gallop4 ,sign ,ride1 then hold out flat hands1 palm to palm1 right in advance2 work them up and down together1 the tips describing vertical curves4 ,compare ,fast and ,work4 ,fr4 galoper2 ,ger4 galoppieren4 ,illustration ,gamble4 ,hold the hands out level1 six inches apart2 swing to left and right simultaneously1 in easy curves down and up1 keeping them near each other as though swinging a tom tom4 ,compare ,drive and ,herd4 ,fr4 jouer2 ,ger4 spielen4 ,illustration ,gap1 ,gorge1 or ,mountain ,pass4 ,sign ,mountains1 then hold out left ,l hand1 thumb pointing to left and upward1 pass flat right between1 touching at bottom4 ,fr4 le dfil2 ,ger4 die ,kluft1 die ,schlucht4 ,garden4 ,strike down with right ,g as in ,here1 but in several directions1 then add ,plant and ,eat4 ,fr4 le jardin2 ,ger4 der ,garten4 ,gather4 ,see ,together4 ,generous4 ,sign ,heart and ,big2 or1 ,heart1 ,pities4 ,fr4 gnreux2 ,ger4 groszmtig1 freigiebig4 ,gentle4 ,see ,kind4 ,gently4 ,see ,easy4 ,illustration ,get or ,obtain 7,that is1 he gets1 or obtains74 ,reach out left hand1 back up2 then with right hand1 grasp something on top of it2 then close and draw back the right4 ,if it is the first person who gets1 finish by drawing the hand toward oneself4 ,sometimes omit left hand4 ,fr4 obtenir2 ,ger4 erlangen1 erhalten4 ,get well4 ,see ,recover4 ,illustration ,ghost1 ,soul1 or ,spirit4 ,bring right ,g hand in front of centre of body1 pointing down2 then draw it upward1 as though drawing the forefinger out of the mouth1 upward and to the front and at the same time exhale a breath4 7,scott47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,big eyes 7as in ,owl71 and shaking the hands at the same time4 ,see ,spirit4 ,fr4 l'esprit2 ,ger4 der ,geist4 ,gift4 ,hold left hand1 hollow up2 with right hand pick an imaginary object out of the left2 carry it forward1 at the same time turning right hand flat1 palm up1 and fingers pointing down and forward4 ,or1 sign ,give and ,free 7#bnd74 ,fr4 le cadeau2 ,ger4 das ,geschenk4 ,girl 7,woman sprout74 ,sign ,female1 ,young4 ,fr4 la fille2 ,ger4 das ,mdchen4 ,illustration ,give4 ,hold out flat right1 back to right1 shoulder high2 swing it out and down4 ,fr4 donner2 ,ger4 geben4 ,give you4 ,swing the hand from the person giving toward you4 ,this1 with the sign below1 shows the beginning of a conjugation4 ,illustration ,give me4 ,bring the flat right hand well out in front of body1 about height of neck1 back of hand nearly to left1 lower edge nearest to body1 pointing upward2 draw the hand in toward the body and a little down2 at the same time1 bend the hand and the wrist so the fingers touch the chest4 ,compare ,tell me and ,half-,breed4 ,fr4 donnez moi2 ,ger4 geben ,sie mir4 ,give it up4 ,see ,abandon4 ,give up1 ,lose hope1 or ,discouraged4 ,see ,sorrow4 ,glad1 ,pleasant1 ,happy1 or ,merry 7,sunshine in the heart74 ,sign ,heart and ,day4 ,fr4 heureux2 ,ger4 froh1 glcklich4 ,illustration ,glitter or ,shining 7,the mirror signal74 ,hold out the ,l hand with index pointing forward1 back up4 ,rotate with a flash1 or jerk so the thumb is upright and back to its original pose4 ,do this once or twice4 ,see ,courting and ,sweetheart4 ,fr4 tinceler2 ,ger4 glitzern4 ,gloomy1 ,cross1 or ,sullen 7,clouds close74 ,sign ,clouds1 then draw them down near head4 7,c7 ,or1 sign ,thinking and ,bad4 ,compare ,cross and ,angry4 ,fr4 sombre2 ,ger4 finster1 trbe4 ,glory or ,fame4 ,sign ,all1 ,good1 ,know4 ,see ,famous4 ,fr4 la gloire2 ,ger4 der ,ruhm4 ,illustration ,glow1 ,splendor1 ,wonderful 7,spread in the sky74 ,hold up both #e hands1 palms forward1 pointing up1 at arm's length1 nearly level2 raise up very high and at the same time spread widely4 ,a much-used and very plastic sign4 ,may sometimes mean ,weather4 ,fr4 la splendeur2 ,ger4 das ,glhen1 die ,pracht4 ,illustration ,go1 ,went1 or ,travel4 ,hold flat right hand1 back to right1 breast high1 pointing to front and down2 swing it up and out till the fingers point forward and upward4 ,often combined with ,arrive there4 ,fr4 aller2 ,ger4 gehen4 ,illustration ,going4 ,hold up right ,g1 palm forward2 move it forward in short pushes4 ,fr4 allant2 ,ger4 gehend4 ,illustration ,go away1 ,go ahead1 ,go farther 7,imperative74 ,hold flat right hand in front of body1 palm forward1 fingers upright2 move the hand to front in a slight curve to right2 repeat once or twice4 ,see ,begin4 ,fr4 allez6 ,ger4 gehen ,sie6 ,illustration ,goat4 ,sign ,horns1 with the straight ,g fingers on each side of head1 and ,beard4 ,sometimes omit ,horns1 signing only ,beard4 ,fr4 la chvre2 ,ger4 die ,ziege4 ,god 7,the ,great ,mystery74 ,sign ,medicine and ,great4 ,fr4 ,dieu2 ,ger4 ,gott4 ,gold4 ,sign ,money and ,yellow1 or ,hard and ,yellow4 ,for ,gold coin sign1 ,chief1 ,money4 ,fr4 l'or2 ,ger4 das ,gold4 ,gone4 ,see ,absent4 ,illustration ,good1 ,all right1 ,level1 ,fair1 ,just 7,level with the heart74 ,hold the flat extended right hand1 back up1 level1 touching the left breast2 swing the hand briskly out to front and slightly up in a curve4 ,fr4 bon2 ,ger4 gut4 ,good-bye4 ,hold right hand flat1 palm down1 pointing forward horizontally at height of head and shake the hand up and down by wrist action4 ,a whiteman's sign recently adopted by ,indians4 ,fr4 adieu1 au revoir2 ,ger4 lebe wohl6 ,good-morning4 ,sign ,day and ,good4 ,fr4 bonjour2 ,ger4 guten ,morgen4 ,goose4 ,sign ,bird1 moving the wing hands slowly2 hold both flat hands low1 side by side1 a little apart1 backs up2 push them down sharply a few inches1 for flat feet4 ,sometimes also make the honk sound4 ,fr4 l'oie2 ,ger4 die ,gans4 ,gorge4 ,see ,gap4 ,gossip4 ,see ,telltale4 ,grain1 of any kind4 ,hold both hands hollow together1 as in ,bowl2 shake1 then point to the hollow of the left with right ,g4 7,sheeaka47 ,the exact kind must be specified4 ,in ,cheyenne1 ,wheat is ,bread and ,sow2 ,oats is ,horse1 ,eat1 ,sow4 ,fr4 le grain2 ,ger4 das ,getreide4 ,grandchild4 ,with the flat right1 pat one's own back where the baby is carried4 ,among the ,cheyennes1 only the grandmother uses this4 ,grand ,coup4 ,see ,count ,coup4 ,grandfather4 ,sign ,old and ,father4 ,illustration ,grandfather 7,father once removed74 ,sign ,father1 then hold curved left hand in front of body1 palm in2 and on outer side make the sign ,father again4 ,for ,great grandfather1 repeat the sign for ,father once more4 ,for ,ancestors1 many times4 7,crow signs given me by ,la ,forge47 ,fr4 le grandpre2 ,ger4 der ,groszvater4 ,grandmother4 ,as above1 but use ,mother sign4 7,la,f47 ,grandmother4 ,sign ,old1 ,mother4 ,fr4 la grand-mre2 ,ger4 die ,groszmutter4 ,grasp4 ,see ,keep4 ,illustration ,grass4 ,hold both hands low1 palms up2 turn all fingers upward straight and swing hands slightly apart4 ,for ,grass growing1 raise the hands a little4 ,compare ,children4 ,fr4 l'herbe1 le gazon2 ,ger4 das ,gras1 der ,rasen4 ,gratitude4 ,use ,thank you sign4 ,or else raise the flat right hand1 palm forward and face high2 draw it downward in a sweep several times as though stroking the other person's breast4 ,for emphasis use both hands4 ,fr4 la reconnaissance2 ,ger4 die ,dankbarkeit4 ,grave4 ,hold out both flat hands1 thumbs up1 six inches apart1 pointing level forward2 draw them back level to you1 sign ,die2 then hold out left flat hand as before and slap on it two or three times with the flat right1 for cover up4 ,fr4 le tombeau2 ,ger4 das ,grab4 ,illustration ,great4 ,hold out the slightly curved #e hands in front of breast1 few inches apart1 palms toward each other1 pointing to front2 separate hands the right to the right and up a little and near the body2 the left to the left and down a little and farther away4 ,compare ,big and ,wide4 ,sometimes use ,much or ,high4 ,fr4 grand2 ,ger4 grosz4 ,greater than4 ,sign ,ahead1 ,great4 ,so also ,less than would be ,behind1 ,small4 ,fr4 plus grand que2 ,ger4 grszer als4 ,grief4 ,see ,sorrow4 ,grieve4 ,sign ,heart1 ,down4 ,see ,give up and ,mourn4 ,fr4 se chagriner1 pleurer2 ,ger4 trauern4 ,ground4 ,see ,land4 ,illustration ,grouse or ,prairie ,chicken4 ,sign ,bird and show size2 then with right hand low1 palm up1 fingers closed except first curved up like neck1 imitate forward walking4 7,sioux47 ,sign ,bird then indicate fast wing beats and whirring4 7,blackfoot47 ,sign ,bird and ,tail cut off4 7,cheyenne47 ,fr4 la gelinotte2 ,ger4 das ,waldhuhn4 ,illustration ,grow1 ,become1 or ,turn into4 ,hold right ,g hand low1 back down1 index finger pointing upward1 in front of body2 raise the hand by gentle jerks4 ,fr4 pousser1 crotre1 devenir2 ,ger4 wachsen1 werden4 ,guide 7,verb74 7,show trail and ,lead47 ,point with right index forward and downward2 then add ,lead4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 conduire2 ,ger4 fhren1 leiten4 ,illustration ,guide 7,noun74 ,hold up left #e hand1 little finger forward1 and ahead of the right ,g1 all moved forward in easy swings4 ,fr4 le guide2 ,ger4 der ,fhrer4 ,gun4 ,make the motion of holding and aiming a gun2 then add ,fire-off4 ,for ,rifle1 add the working of the lever4 ,fr4 le fusil1 la carabine2 ,ger4 das ,gewehr4 ,gun1 i4e41 ,shot-gun1 sign ,gun1 then clasp the hands twice and hold up two fingers4 ,see ,revolver4 ,fr4 le fusil de chasse2 ,ger4 die ,flinte4 ,gun-fire4 ,see ,fire4 ,gun-powder4 ,sign ,gun and ,powder4 ,fr4 la poudre canon2 ,ger4 das ,schiesspulver4 ,h ,habit 7,thought bound74 ,with ,g forefinger draw a small circle on forehead1 then sign ,prisoner4 7,d7 ,illustration ,habit 7,road smoothed by repeated strokes74 ,sweep the flat hands1 palms down1 back and forth2 then strike three times down with the right ,g4 7,sheeaka47 ,or sign ,way and ,keep4 7,seger47 ,habit 7,long time the same74 ,hold out left ,g1 draw right ,g back from left knuckles to shoulder2 add ,same4 ,fr4 l'habitude2 ,ger4 die ,gewohnheit4 ,hail4 ,sign ,rain1 ,cold1 and with curved right index on thumb indicate size of stones4 ,fr4 la grle2 ,ger4 der ,hagel4 ,illustration ,hair 7,of animal74 ,hold out left forearm horizontally in front of body and sweep the curved right #e hand1 palm up1 along it from elbow to wrist4 ,for ,human hair1 touch one's own hair4 ,compare ,wing4 ,fr4 le poil2 ,ger4 der ,pelz4 ,illustration ,half4 ,hold left flat hand in front of breast1 back out4 ,lay the lower edge of right flat hand on upper edge of left index1 in middle1 and jerk it toward the tips of left4 ,sometimes the right hand alone is used edge downward1 drawn back and down as though its under side were cutting something4 ,compare ,part4 ,fr4 le demi1 la moiti2 ,ger4 die ,hlfte4 ,illustration ,half-breed4 ,with flat right hand pointing up1 little finger next middle of the breast1 palm to right1 halve the body down breast1 swing it far to left1 return to centre1 then swing far to right and give the tribal sign for each half4 ,or1 give the first sign only2 that is1 the hand cutting in the middle4 ,fr4 le mtis2 ,ger4 der ,mischling4 ,illustration ,halt or ,stop4 ,hold the right flat hand1 palm outward and downward1 in front of the body1 pointing upward and to front1 hand about height of shoulders2 move the hand sharply to front and downward1 stopping it suddenly4 ,sometimes merely raise the hand flat forward4 ,this means also ,keep quiet1 ,wait a moment1 etc41 when made gently4 8,this sign is world wide4 ,in a journey around the world1 ,i have used it in every country visited and found it instantly recognized4 ,i saw a train stopped by it in the ,himalayas1 also jinrikishas stopped in ,java1 ,singapore1 ,saigon1 ,canton1 ,hong ,kong1 ,nagasaki1 and ,manila40 7,scott47 ,fr4 ,halte6 ,ger4 ,halt6 ,halve4 ,same as ,half2 but jerk one part to right and one to left4 7,c7 ,fr4 couper ou diviser en deux2 ,ger4 halbieren4 ,for ,one-,quarter1 lay the 8knife hand0 at last joint of left index2 for ,three-,quarters1 near base2 see also ,quarter4 ,fr4 le quart2 ,ger4 das ,viertel4 ,handsome4 ,see ,beautiful4 ,illustration ,hang 7,to be executed74 ,swing the right ,l hand over the head down to the neck1 palm in2 close the thumb and index1 then draw it up to height of head1 index pointing down4 ,this is done in two graceful sweeps4 ,fr4 pendre2 ,ger4 hngen4 ,illustration ,hang4 ,hang right ,g index like a hook on straight left ,g index4 ,fr4 accrocher2 ,ger4 aufhngen4 ,hanker4 ,see ,want4 ,happen4 ,see ,luck4 ,happy4 ,see ,glad4 ,happy ,hunting ,ground4 ,sign ,die1 ,beyond1 and ,dwell4 ,fr4 les ,champs ,elyses des ,indiens2 ,ger4 die seligen ,jagdgefilde4 ,illustration ,hard 7,like rock74 ,hold out the left hand flat1 edge down1 and strike the palm with the knuckles of the right two or three times4 ,fr4 dur2 ,ger4 hart4 ,illustration ,hat 7,head cover74 ,bring the ,l right hand1 back outward1 in front1 close to1 and a little above the head2 lower the hand until thumb and index are about opposite the eyes2 spread thumb and index1 passing down close to forehead4 ,fr4 le chapeau2 ,ger4 der ,hut4 ,hatchet4 ,see ,axe4 ,illustration ,hate4 ,hold up both hands opposite left side of face in pose for ,fire-off1 back of each to its side2 spring both out as in ,fire-off1 to left side1 turning the left very little1 so that it shoots forward2 the right shoots to the left4 ,compare ,abandon and ,scorn2 also ,defiance4 ,sheeaka used only ,defiance sign4 ,fr4 dtester2 ,ger4 hassen4 ,have 7,to possess74 ,see ,possession4 ,have to1 ,bound to1 ,must1 ,obliged to1 ,compelled to 7,bound down74 ,sign ,prisoner and ,work4 ,or1 ,that1 ,work1 ,strong4 ,fr4 tre oblig2 ,ger4 mssen4 ,hawk4 ,first make ,bird sign1 then imitate the seizing of the prey with both feet hawk-fashion1 by means of both hands placed in front of body opposite neck1 palms outward1 make grasping motion forward4 7,scott47 ,or sign ,bird and with curved ,g indicate bill4 ,see ,eagle4 ,fr4 le faucon2 ,ger4 der ,habicht4 ,illustration ,he4 ,make the sign ,male2 or point with the thumb1 other fingers closed4 ,fr4 il2 ,ger4 er4 ,headache4 ,touch head2 then hold curved flat hand near and flirt the fingers from behind the thumb two or three times to show the throbbing4 ,fr4 le mal de tte2 ,ger4 das ,kopfweh4 ,healthy4 ,see ,well4 ,illustration ,heap or ,very ,much4 ,with curved hands show shape1 beginning at the lowest points4 ,compare ,many1 ,mound1 and ,much4 ,fr4 l'amas1 le tas2 ,ger4 der ,haufe7n74 ,illustration ,hear4 ,move the right ,g hand 7pointed forward7 from behind the right ear1 past the ear and forward4 ,compare ,listen and ,indian ,nez ,perc4 ,fr4 entendre2 ,ger4 hren4 ,illustration ,heart4 ,bring the compressed right hand against the left breast1 over heart and pointing downward4 ,fr4 le coeur2 ,ger4 das ,herz4 ,heat4 ,see ,hot4 ,heaven4 ,simply point up with right ,g1 back to right and head high4 ,compare ,heavens and ,happy ,hunting ,ground2 also1 ,tall4 ,fr4 le paradis2 ,ger4 der ,himmel1 das ,paradies4 ,illustration ,heavens1 ,skies1 or ,sky4 ,hold both flat hands palms down1 tips touching1 over and in front of the head2 sweep them down sidewise in outline of the dome4 ,compare ,clouds1 ,carriage1 ,hot ,weather4 ,fr4 le ciel2 ,ger4 der ,himmel4 ,illustration ,heavy 7,cannot hold up74 ,hold flat hands1 a few inches apart1 at same level1 backs down1 in front of body and pointing to front4 ,raise them slightly and let them drop several inches1 finishing low4 ,compare ,light4 ,fr4 lourd2 ,ger4 schwer4 ,illustration ,help4 ,hold left forearm horizontally in front of body1 hand ,a1 and place flat right hand under left forearm and lift it slightly4 7,sheeaka2 borrowed from the ,deaf47 ,or1 sign ,work and ,with4 ,fr4 aider2 ,ger4 helfen4 ,her4 ,see ,possession4 ,illustration ,herd of ,animals4 ,hold out left #e fingers a little curved1 level1 far advanced1 shoulder high1 backs up and out2 moved forward and a little down together4 ,for ,herd grazing hold right #e over left #e wrist2 draw right back toward body in a slight arc up and down4 ,fr4 le troupeau2 ,ger4 die ,herde4 ,herd 7,verb74 ,see ,drive4 ,illustration ,here 7,this spot74 ,swing the right ,g1 back up1 from pointing up1 to forward and down2 then stab toward the ground two or three times4 ,compare ,down1 ,earth1 ,place4 ,fr4 ici2 ,ger4 hier4 ,he who4 ,see ,doer4 ,illustration ,hide1 ,to ,cache1 ,conceal1 or ,lose4 ,swing the flat or else compressed right hand1 palm down1 under the flat left hand held in front1 palm down2 the left hand rests on the right at end of sign4 7,sheeaka47 ,sometimes add ,hush4 ,compare ,enter and ,night4 ,fr4 cacher2 ,ger4 verstecken4 ,hide 7,skin74 ,hold extended left hand1 back up1 in front of body1 and with the right thumb and forefinger gather up1 with a pinch1 the loose skin on the back of left hand4 ,sometimes sign ,robe4 ,fr4 la peau2 ,ger4 das ,fell4 ,illustration ,high or ,height4 ,hold the flat right hand1 back nearly up1 pointing to front1 in front of right shoulder2 raise the hand according to the height intended4 ,if it refers to humans1 hold the right hand 7compressed or ,g7 vertically pointing upward4 7,c7 ,to show height of small objects or animals1 hold the flat left1 palm up1 under right4 ,see ,tall4 ,fr4 haut2 ,ger4 hoch4 ,higher4 ,see ,superior4 ,illustration ,hill1 ,bluff1 or ,butte4 ,push right ,a fist1 back out1 straight up1 face high4 ,for plural use both hands moved alternately up and down at different places4 ,compare ,ridge1 ,lump1 and ,mountain4 ,fr4 la colline2 ,ger4 der ,hgel4 ,his4 ,see ,possession4 ,history or ,story 7,pictures of the past74 ,hold up flat left1 palm forward1 and sketch on palm with right ,g2 then sign ,past4 7,c7 ,or1 ,sign ,long1 ,past1 ,tell me4 ,fr4 l'histoire2 ,ger4 die ,geschichte4 ,hit 7,to make a hit74 ,see ,count ,coup4 ,hoax 7,to wolf or beguile74 ,sign ,i1 ,make1 ,him1 ,wolf4 7,seger47 ,fr4 mystifier2 ,ger4 jemandem etwas aufbinden4 ,illustration ,hog or ,pig4 ,indicate size1 then with a circle of two thumbs and two index fingers in front of mouth show muzzle2 last1 with flat right hand1 or flat fist back up1 make a snout and root4 ,usually give only the last sign4 ,fr4 le cochon2 ,ger4 das ,schwein4 ,illustration ,hold 7to hold a prisoner74 ,arms in a level circle1 flat right hand inside flat left and overlapping1 both palms toward you2 swing to right and left4 ,compare ,defend1 ,keep1 and ,corral4 ,fr4 tenir prisonnier2 ,ger4 gefangen halten4 ,illustration ,hole4 ,form a circle with thumbs and fingers of ,l hands4 ,if need be1 for clearness1 hold left hand in position and pass the compressed right through the imaginary hole4 ,compare ,cook and ,boil4 ,fr4 le trou2 ,ger4 das ,loch4 ,holler4 ,see ,yell4 ,home4 ,sign ,my1 ,teepee4 ,fr4 la demeure1 le foyer1 le chez-soi2 ,ger4 das ,heim4 ,home-sickness4 ,sign ,heart1 ,want1 and ,teepee4 ,fr4 le mal du pays2 ,ger4 das ,heimweh4 ,illustration ,honest 7,straight walk74 ,point right ,g straight forward from near throat2 push it down and up in a slight curve till it is upright1 then push it forward in two or three little jerks4 ,see also ,true4 ,fr4 honnte1 intgre2 ,ger4 ehrlich4 ,honor 7,upon my honor74 ,with right index draw a small cross on the heart4 7,pop47 ,fr4 parole d' honneur6 ,ger4 auf ,ehre6 bei meiner ,ehre6 ,hope4 ,sign ,heart1 ,want4 ,fr4 l'espoir2 ,ger4 die ,hoffnung4 ,illustration ,horse4 ,hold the flat left hand1 back to front1 before face1 fingers level2 move it to right2 and then1 for a moment1 place the first and second fingers of right astride it1 as in ,ride4 ,some omit the last gesture4 ,the movements of the hand indicate the height1 action1 and speed of the horse4 ,fr4 le cheval2 ,ger4 das ,pferd4 ,illustration ,horseman4 ,sign ,man and ,ride4 ,or1 place the ,v right astride of the flat left and push both to right4 ,fr4 le cavalier2 ,ger4 der ,reiter4 ,hot or ,heat 7,as water or iron74 ,hold the hand as in ,feel2 touch the middle right finger tip to tongue2 reach it forward and down1 as though touching a hot iron1 quickly jerking it back4 7,a northern sign understood by ,cheyennes47 ,the use of the middle finger is general1 no doubt because it is longest4 ,fr4 chaud2 ,ger4 heisz4 ,illustration ,hot weather 7,rays of sun beating down74 ,hold the #e hands a few inches apart1 backs up1 above and in front of head1 pointing toward each other4 ,lower the hands to level of face4 ,fr4 les grandes chaleurs2 ,ger4 das heisze ,wetter4 ,illustration ,hot or ,sweating 7,personally74 ,draw right index crooked across the brow1 left to right1 as though to run off the sweat1 others and thumb closed4 ,hotel4 ,see ,restaurant4 ,hour4 ,see ,time4 ,illustration ,house4 ,indicate the double slope of the roof by flat hands1 pointing nearly up and joined together at the tips4 ,some use only the next sign for ,house4 ,fr4 la maison2 ,ger4 das ,haus4 ,illustration ,house of logs 7,corners of a log house74 ,bring the hands in front of body and interlock the fingers near tips1 fingers at nearly right angles and horizontal4 ,some add ,roof by joining tips of flat hands as in ,house4 ,compare ,basket4 ,fr4 la cabane en bois1 la hutte2 ,ger4 das ,blockhaus4 ,illustration ,how6 or ,ho6 ,the ,indian salutation is sometimes used with hand salute2 that is1 all fingers closed except index and middle1 as in ,friend4 ,fr4 ,ho6 ,ger4 ,grsz ,gott6 ,how8 ,see ,question4 ,how many8 ,see ,question4 ,how much8 ,see ,question4 ,illustration ,hundred 7,whole circle of tens74 ,hold up both #e hands1 palms forward1 opposite right shoulder2 thumbs nearly touching2 swing to left and down4 ,precede this with one for one hundred1 two for two hundred1 etc4 ,fr4 cent2 ,ger4 hundert4 ,illustration ,hungry or ,hunger 7,cuts one in two74 ,draw the lower edge of flat right hand1 back down1 across the stomach2 emphasize by drawing back and forth4 ,fr4 avoir faim1 la faim2 ,ger4 hungrig sein1 der ,hunger4 ,illustration ,hunt or ,searching for 7,in the sense of seeking for74 ,the fingers of the right ,v hand brought near the eye1 but pointing forward2 then swing horizontally from side to side1 the eye looking wherever they point4 ,compare ,choose1 ,find1 and ,look4 ,or1 shade the right eye with the right hand and swing the head4 7,pop47 ,fr4 chercher2 ,ger4 suchen4 ,illustration ,hunting 7,with gun or bow74 ,hold out both ,g hands1 one behind the other2 swing in up-curves forward and sidewise1 but always one behind the other4 ,fr4 chasser2 ,ger4 jagen4 ,hurry1 to ,come or to ,go quickly4 ,make the sign for ,come 7or ,go7 three or four times1 very quickly and emphatically4 7,sheeaka47 ,illustration ,hurry 7,ride fast74 ,jump the flat hands up and down before you1 quickly1 palms up4 ,compare ,light1 which is similar1 but slower4 ,fr4 se dpcher2 ,ger4 eilen4 ,husband4 ,make sign ,male and ,marry4 ,fr4 le mari2 ,ger4 der ,mann2 der ,gatte4 ,hush4 ,see ,silence and ,halt4 ,hypocrite4 ,sign ,wolf and ,like4 ,or ,face and ,two4 ,according to ,ruggles1 the ,paiutes sometimes use this second combination for ,liar2 the ,cheyennes understand it but do not use it4 ,fr4 le hypocrite2 ,ger4 der ,heuchler4 ,i ,illustration ,i1 ,me1 ,myself1 ,mine4 ,for ,i touch the centre of the breast with the right thumb extended1 other fingers closed4 ,this and the next are used indiscriminately by the ,cheyennes4 ,me is touching the breast with point of compressed fingers4 ,my4 ,lay the ,a hand on the forehead1 palm to left1 thumb pointing up2 swing it forward and down level2 that is1 sign ,possession1 assuming the first person4 ,fr4 je1 moi1 mien2 ,ger4 ,ich1 mich1 mein4 ,ice4 ,sign ,water and ,hard4 ,sometimes add ,cold4 ,fr4 la glace2 ,ger4 das ,eis4 ,icicle4 ,sign ,water and ,cold2 then hold up right ,g1 pointing downward and dropped a little4 ,fr4 le glaon2 ,ger4 der ,eiszapfen4 ,illustration ,idea1 ,thought 7,thought expressed74 ,lay the right ,g on the forehead1 pointing up1 palm to left2 swing it down to horizontal at mouth level1 then push it straight forward and up in a curve4 ,compare ,so4 ,fr4 l'ide2 la pense2 ,ger4 die ,idee1 der ,gedanke4 ,idle4 ,sign ,work and ,not4 ,fr4 paresseux2 ,ger4 mszig4 ,illustration ,if1 ,doubt1 ,undecided1 ,perhaps1 or ,maybe so 7,heart looking two ways74 ,lay the right ,v hand on the heart1 pointed down and to left front2 rotate the hand on the wrist so the back is alternately up and out4 ,when many emotions 7i4e41 perplexity7 are to be expressed1 use all fingers extended4 ,see ,consider4 ,fr4 si1 peut-tre2 ,ger4 wenn1 ob1 vielleicht4 ,ignorance 7,i don't know74 ,shrug shoulders and raise one flat hand4 7,pop47 ,or1 sign ,know1 ,not4 ,compare ,forget4 ,fr4 l'ignorance2 ,ger4 die ,unwissenheit4 ,imperative ,mood4 ,sign the verb in question1 then strike the flat right1 palm down1 onto the flat left1 palm up4 ,or add ,push4 7,c7 ,impossible4 ,sign ,can and ,not4 ,see also ,cannot4 ,the ,cheyennes use ,true1 ,not4 ,fr4 impossible2 ,ger4 unmglich4 ,imprison4 ,see ,arrest4 ,illustration ,in1 ,inside1 or ,within 7,to put into74 ,make a semicircle of the left arm held out level2 then drop the compressed right hand downward between the left and the body4 ,outside begins the same1 but the right drops outside the left4 ,illustration ,inside1 i4e41 in a ,hole4 ,make a horizontal ring of the left index and thumb1 then drop the right index down into it4 ,for a house1 use ,enter4 ,fr4 en1 dedans1 dans2 ,ger4 in1 drin1 im ,innern4 ,incite4 ,sign ,push1 ,talk1 and ,go2 that is1 try to talk into going4 ,fr4 inciter2 ,ger4 anreizen4 ,increase4 ,hold out the flat hands1 palm to palm1 well apart at same height2 separate them more and more in slight jerks2 or1 if it is more explicit1 do it with the flat hands one above the other4 ,see ,add to4 ,compare ,decrease4 ,fr4 augmenter2 ,ger4 vermehren1 vergrszern4 ,illustration ,indian4 ,with the tips of right flat fingers1 rub the side of the flat left held out back up1 in short strokes2 meaning reddish1 because all men's hands out west are red at this place4 ,compare ,smooth4 ,illustration ,indian4 ,indicate the eagle feather at back of head4 7,sheeaka47 ,or sign ,man and ,red4 7,scott47 ,fr4 l',indien2 ,ger4 der ,indianer4 ,indian ,tribe or ,nation4 ,give the ,tribal sign and add ,all in each case4 ,indian ,tribal signs3 ,illustration ,apache4 7,probably using the notched-stick fiddle74 ,draw the right ,g finger up and down along the left ,g several times1 from near the point to the base1 a foot long each stroke4 ,compare ,poor4 ,arapahoe4 ,with all fingers of right hand compressed so the points are together1 tap the left breast1 that is1 sign ,mother4 ,as ,sherman ,coolidge tells me1 the ,arapahoes claim theirs to have been the mother of all tribes4 ,in the south1 the sign is rub the side of the nose with the right ,g1 referring to their one-time salutation of nose-rubbing4 ,banak4 ,sign for ,lodge and ,bad4 7,c7 ,blackfeet4 ,sign for ,moccasin and ,black4 ,caddo4 ,draw the right ,n over the left ,n from the tips back to the knuckles 7because they wore pants74 7,father ,isadore47 ,illustration ,cheyennes4 7,perhaps meaning 8striped tail10 because they used turkey feathers2 or1 more likely1 8finger-choppers10 because they chopped their fingers when in mourning47 ,hold out left ,g finger and cut it with the edge of the right ,g finger drawn across it once or twice1 each time further up the hand4 ,compare ,often and ,and all the time4 ,chippewa4 ,see ,ojibwa4 ,comanche4 ,sign for ,snake1 pushing the hand forward4 ,compare ,shoshoni4 7,seger47 ,cree4 ,sign ,rabbit1 ,people2 but usually omit ,people4 ,crow4 ,sign ,bird slowly4 ,sometimes only one hand4 ,or hold ,s hand1 palm forward1 at brow for 8,pompadour ,indians40 ,dakota4 ,see ,sioux4 ,flathead4 ,see ,koutenais4 ,gros ,ventre4 ,sign ,big ,belly4 ,hopi4 ,sign ,dance and ,snake4 ,kiowa4 ,with the tips of the flat right1 palm up1 back to left1 describe an upright ellipse near the right ear2 because they used to cut their hair on that side to show the ear ornaments or ear painted red4 ,koutenai4 ,sign for ,white-tailed ,deer4 7,c7 ,mandan 7,tattooed chin and cheek74 ,with right hand compressed so all tips touch1 tap the chin and jaw4 7,c7 ,navaho 7,makers of striped blankets74 ,sign for ,work1 ,blanket1 and ,striped4 ,nez ,perc 7,pierced nose74 ,pass index of right ,g hand level under nose from right to left4 ,compare ,hear4 ,ojibwa or ,chippewa 7,living in the ,woods74 ,sign ,tree and ,people2 or sign ,paddle1 ,people4 7,blackfoot47 ,osage 7,shaved heads74 ,rub the flat right hand1 palm out1 over the side of the head and down1 as though shaving the head2 the little finger being the sharp edge4 ,paiute4 ,sign ,rabbit1 ,robe4 ,pawnee 7,wolf74 ,hold up the right ,v hand1 palm forward1 near right ear2 then swing finger-tips forward4 ,piegan4 ,rotate half closed hand1 palm in1 near right cheek4 ,pueblo4 ,sign ,two ,quivers2 that is1 ,arrow1 ,two2 then drop compressed left once or twice into ,c right hand4 ,sac 7,shaved heads74 ,same as ,osage sign4 ,shoshoni or ,snake ,indians4 ,sign for ,snake and sometimes add ,bad1 ,lodge4 ,sioux 7,cut throats74 ,draw the right ,g finger across the throat4 ,uncapapa 7,from their position in camp74 ,sign for ,sioux and ,encamp1 then make an incomplete circle with index fingers and thumbs2 then1 holding left in pose1 strike last joint of index with tip of right ,g and similarly right index with tip of left ,g4 7,c7 ,ute4 ,sign ,black and ,red4 ,wichita 7,tattooed rings74 ,with right ,g finger tap the forehead in a circle4 ,yankton4 ,sign for ,sioux and ,nez ,perc4 7,c7 ,indian ,agent4 ,see ,agent4 ,indifference 7,none of my business74 ,both hands held down by the thighs2 at the same time a shrug of the shoulders4 7,pop47 ,fr4 l'indiffrence2 ,ger4 die ,gleichgltigkeit4 ,infantry4 ,sign ,soldiers and ,walk4 ,fr4 l'infanterie2 ,ger4 die ,fusztruppen1 die ,infanterie4 ,illustration ,inferior 7,to one74 ,hold up both ,g fingers1 the one representing the inferior much lower4 ,illustration ,inferior 7,to many74 ,for several inferiors use the #e hand to represent them1 while the ,g of the other hand up high represents the superior4 ,fr4 infrieur2 ,ger4 untergeordnet4 ,inhabit4 ,see ,dwell4 ,injure1 ,doing evil to4 ,if with reference to another person1 make sign for ,work and ,bad4 ,if with reference to one's self1 make signs ,do1 to me1 ,bad4 ,fr4 faire du mal2 ,ger4 beschdigen4 ,innocent4 ,see ,clean-handed4 ,in order that4 ,see ,so that4 ,inside4 ,see ,in4 ,interrogate4 ,see ,question or ,query4 ,intervene4 ,see ,come between4 ,invalid4 ,see ,sick one4 ,investigating4 ,see ,searching2 also ,consider4 ,iron4 ,see ,metal4 ,illustration ,island 7,round thing surrounded by water74 ,sign ,land1 then with ,l hands make a horizontal circle2 hold left hand in pose1 sign ,water with right hand2 then compress it and draw it point down around the circle just made4 ,compare ,lake4 ,fr4 l'le2 ,ger4 die ,insel4 ,itching4 ,scratch the left palm with nail of the right ,g index2 or else the thigh4 ,fr4 la dmangeaison2 ,ger4 das ,jucken4 ,j ,illustration ,jealous 7,elbowing aside74 ,hold the fists near the breast2 alternately swing each elbow out and back a little4 7,c7 ,illustration ,jealous 7,hide and stab74 ,hold out flat left1 back up1 and with right ,g stab under it once or twice4 ,fr4 jaloux2 ,ger4 eiferschtig4 ,illustration ,jesus 7,the ,cross above74 ,the right ,g finger upright and crossed on top with the left ,g2 this cross then placed above the eyes1 the face looking upward2 then the cross pushed toward the sky to the full extent of the arms4 ,the real meaning being1 8,he who was crucified and is now in heaven40 7,scott47 ,or sign ,big1 ,medicine1 ,child4 ,fr4 ,jsus2 ,ger4 ,jesus4 ,illustration ,joke 7,play talk74 ,sign ,play2 that is1 hold the right #e hand near the mouth1 back down1 fingers a little curved2 swing the hand forward and upward2 then add ,talk4 ,fr4 la plaisanterie2 ,ger4 der ,scherz4 ,joyous4 ,sign ,heart1 ,glad1 and ,sing4 7,c7 ,sign ,heart1 ,happy1 or ,playing4 ,fr4 joyeux2 ,ger4 frhlich4 ,judge4 ,see ,consider4 ,jump 7,human74 ,stand right ,v on left palm2 assume these to be legs and make them jump up and down4 7,sheeaka47 ,illustration ,jump or ,spring 7,anything74 ,hold compressed right hand1 pointing to left1 near right shoulder2 swing it up forward and down in a long curve4 ,also used for ,animal1 in which case use several short jumps4 ,fr4 sauter2 ,ger4 springen4 ,junior4 ,see ,younger2 also ,inferior4 ,just or ,fair4 ,from a position near each side1 bring the extended ,o hands1 palms inward1 together so the tips of right thumb and index touch tips of left thumb and index1 like two balance pans side by side4 7,d7 ,or1 sign ,true and ,same1 or ,good4 ,fr4 juste2 ,ger4 gerecht4 ,just so4 ,make the sign ,yes once or twice2 or else1 use ,true4 ,fr4 justement1 prcisment cela2 ,ger4 genau so1 ganz richtig4 ,k ,illustration ,keep1 ,grasp1 or ,remember4 ,hold out flat right hand1 back to right1 fingers level2 hold up left ,g hand1 back to left2 swing them together2 grasp left index in closed right hand and move the hands slightly to right and left4 ,compare ,hold and ,remember4 ,fr4 tenir1 retenir2 ,ger4 halten1 behalten4 ,keep close4 ,sign ,good and ,near4 7,c7 ,keep quiet4 ,sign ,stop and ,sit down1 or simply ,stop4 ,see ,hush4 ,fr4 taisez vous1 tenez vous tranquille6 ,ger4 ruhig sein6 schweigen6 ,illustration ,kettle4 ,indicate the shape of the mouth with both ,l hands2 then1 holding left unchanged1 pass the right ,g into it2 then1 with right1 lift as if by a handle4 ,some omit the 8handle40 ,compare ,basket and ,cook4 ,fr4 le chaudron1 la chaudire2 ,ger4 der ,kessel4 ,kidney4 ,hold up the two compressed hands1 then swing them back against the kidneys4 ,fr4 le rein1 7d'animal7 le rognon2 ,ger4 die ,niere4 ,illustration ,kill1 ,overcome1 ,win1 or ,be victor 7,striking with a club74 ,hold the right ,a hand1 back nearly up1 in front of shoulder1 back of hand making a slight angle with wrist2 strike to the front1 downward and little to left1 stopping hand suddenly and giving it slight rebound4 ,for ,kill me or ,beat me1 make the sign toward one's self4 ,fr4 tuer1 vaincre2 ,ger4 tot schlagen1 siegen4 ,kin1 ,kinsman1 or ,kinship4 ,sign ,brother and ,distant or ,near1 as the case may be4 ,fr4 le parent2 ,ger4 der ,verwandte4 ,kind or ,gentle4 ,sign ,heart and ,good4 ,fr4 aimable2 ,ger4 freundlich1 sanft4 ,king's ,x4 ,see ,fins4 ,illustration ,knife 7,penknife or ,jack-knife74 7,whittling a stick47 ,with right ,a hand make motion of whittling the index finger of the left ,g hand4 7,blackfoot and ,pop47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,cut and ,bend4 ,fr4 le canif1 le couteau2 ,ger4 das ,messer1 das ,taschenmesser4 ,knife or ,dagger4 ,thumb up straight1 rest of fingers closed1 hand at side4 7,pop47 ,compare ,he1 ,turn down1 and ,opossum4 ,knife4 ,hold left hand near mouth1 then with lower edge of flat right make as though cutting off a piece of meat held between the left hand and the teeth4 ,understood but not used by ,cheyennes4 ,they indicate length with right ,g on flat left back and add ,cut4 ,fr4 le couteau1 le poignard2 ,ger4 das ,messer1 der ,dolch4 ,know or ,be acquainted with4 ,sign ,know1 as below4 ,fr4 connatre2 ,ger4 kennen4 ,illustration ,know or ,understand 7,see1 it is in my heart74 ,lay the right ,l hand1 back up1 on heart2 swing it out1 up in a slight curve1 and down a little1 palm up4 ,fr4 comprendre1 savoir2 ,ger4 wissen1 verstehen4 ,know1 ,i don't4 ,shrug the shoulders and shake the head and raise the right hand open1 palm up1 to level of shoulder1 inclining the head to the side4 7,pop47 ,compare ,don't care4 ,know1 ,i know what ,i'm doing 7,perhaps 8,i smell a rat0 is the verbal form of the sign74 ,lay the right index on right side of nose4 7,pop47 ,fr4 je ne suis pas aveugle2 ,ger4 ich weiss was ich mache4 ,knowledge or ,intelligence4 ,tap the forehead and add ,big4 ,compare ,conceit4 ,fr4 le savoir1 l'intelligence2 ,ger4 die ,kenntnis1 das ,wissen4 ,l ,labor4 ,see ,work4 ,illustration ,lake4 ,sign ,water and with both ,l hands make an incomplete horizontal circle1 then bring wrists together and swing finger tips apart4 ,the last gesture is to suggest ,wide4 ,compare ,island4 ,fr4 le lac2 ,ger4 der ,see4 ,illustration ,lame 7,bobbing of horse's head74 ,right ,a hand out in front1 back up1 moved forward a little and at the same time jerked down by wrist action and to left2 repeat4 ,compare ,old and ,kill4 ,fr4 boiteux2 ,ger4 lahm4 ,illustration ,land1 ,country1 ,ground1 or ,earth 7,flat and extended74 ,pat toward ground with one or both flat hands2 then swing them apart1 flat1 palms down1 on a broad upward sweep left and right4 ,fr4 la campagne1 la terre2 ,ger4 das ,land1 die ,erde4 ,lantern4 ,sign ,enclosure1 but make it perpendicular2 then in the same space sign ,fire twice4 ,fr4 la lanterne2 ,ger4 die ,laterne4 ,large4 ,see ,big and ,high4 ,lasso4 ,sign ,rope1 then hold right ,l hand over right shoulder1 back nearly to right1 index pointing up2 throw it forward1 upward1 and down1 close index and thumb and jerk the hand back4 ,often omit ,rope4 ,fr4 le lasso2 ,ger4 die ,wurfschlinge4 ,illustration ,last4 ,hold up the left #e hand1 thumb nearest you2 push it straight away1 then tap the thumb with the ,g of the other hand4 7,sheeaka47 ,last 7,one1 ,after74 ,hold up #e left hand and1 away behind it1 the ,g right4 7,blackfoot47 ,compare ,first and ,guide4 ,fr4 le dernier2 ,ger4 der ,letzte4 ,last year4 ,sign ,winter1 ,beyond4 ,fr4 l'anne passe2 ,ger4 voriges ,jahr4 ,late4 ,see ,after4 ,laugh4 ,hold both curved #e hands1 palms up1 near the sides1 a foot apart2 then shake them up and down4 ,compare ,play4 ,fr4 rire2 ,ger4 lachen4 ,law 7,written road74 ,sign ,write1 then ,across two or three times4 ,compare ,council 7,no4 #b47 ,fr4 la loi2 ,ger4 das ,gesetz4 ,lawyer4 ,whiteman1 ,law1 and ,know4 ,fr4 l'avocat2 ,ger4 der ,advokat4 ,illustration ,lazy or ,tired4 ,shake the head1 throw it back1 then drop both nearly open1 hands limply1 one held out at each side motionless4 ,compare ,weak and ,tired4 ,fr4 paresseux1 fatigu2 ,ger4 faul1 trge1 mde4 ,illustration ,lead4 ,with right hand fingers grasp the flat left hand and drag it forward4 7,sheeaka2 borrowed from the ,deaf47 ,sometimes used also for ,teacher4 ,lead4 ,hold right ,a hand high in front of right shoulder1 back to right2 move it forward by gentle jerks1 as though leading a pony4 ,see ,guide4 ,fr4 conduire2 ,ger4 fhren4 ,illustration ,leaf4 ,sign ,tree1 then shake right hand shoulder high1 with thumb and index pointed nearly up1 forming an incomplete circle1 others closed4 ,compare ,money and ,fruit4 ,fr4 la feuille2 ,ger4 das ,blatt4 ,learn4 ,sign ,book1 then follow the lines with the right ,g finger and last draw it to ,me4 ,or sign ,book1 ,look1 ,know1 making the last sign once or twice toward the ,book4 ,see ,lesson4 ,fr4 apprendre2 ,ger4 lernen4 ,leggings4 ,draw the ,l hands1 backs out1 one on each leg from well down to near hips4 ,fr4 les grandes gutres2 ,ger4 die ledernen ,gamaschen4 ,lend1 ,loan1 or ,borrow4 ,sign ,give you 7or me7 and ,by and ,by1 ,give me 7or you74 ,or1 ,give1 ,little while4 ,fr4 prter1 emprunter2 ,ger4 leihen1 borgen4 ,illustration ,less 7,compressed74 ,hold the open flat hands a foot or two apart1 palm to palm1 one above the other4 ,hold the lower hand stationary and then draw the upper in jerks down toward the lower4 ,see ,decrease4 ,fr4 moins2 ,ger4 weniger4 ,let it alone4 ,see ,abandon4 ,letter 7,sticking on the stamp74 ,indicate size of letter1 then close right hand1 thumb extended2 wet thumb end on lips and press on open left palm4 ,fr4 la lettre2 ,ger4 der ,brief4 ,level1 ,all right4 ,see ,good1 also ,prairie4 ,liar4 ,make sign for ,lie2 then indicate the person4 ,to add the intensive ,very much makes it equivalent to the strong and unprintable ,english expression that is used in extreme cases4 ,fr4 le menteur2 ,ger4 der ,lgner4 ,liberal4 ,see ,generous4 ,liberate4 ,sign ,prisoner1 throw the hands up and apart1 then add ,go4 7,c7 ,see ,pardon4 ,fr4 dlivrer2 ,ger4 befreien4 ,illustration ,lie or ,false 7,two tongues or forked tongue74 ,hold the right ,v hand1 back out1 a little in front and to the right of mouth1 and pointing to left2 move the hand to left1 past mouth1 and downward4 ,fr4 le mensonge2 ,ger4 die ,lge4 ,life4 ,see ,alive4 ,light 7,not dark74 ,see ,day4 ,light 7,not heavy74 ,hold out both flat hands1 palms up2 raise briskly together in one or two jerks4 ,compare ,heavy1 which is the same in pose1 but in which the hands drop briskly4 ,see ,hurry1 which is similar but much faster and raised each time in one movement4 ,fr4 lger2 ,ger4 leicht4 ,illustration ,lightning or ,thunderbolt4 ,with right ,g index held high1 make a quick zigzag downward4 ,fr4 l'clair2 ,ger4 der ,blitz4 ,like 7,to be partial to74 ,sign ,want4 ,like or ,alike4 ,see ,equal4 ,listen1 ,i will not4 ,cover both ears with the hands and shake head4 7,pop4 and ,blackfoot47 ,fr4 je n'couterai pas2 ,ger4 ich will nicht zuhren4 ,listen4 ,hold right ,l hand back to right near and around right ear2 rotate the hand by wrist action 7,cheyenne74 ,or hold hollowed right hand behind the right ear4 7,popular sign understood by ,cheyennes47 ,compare ,hear4 ,fr4 couter2 ,ger4 horchen4 ,illustration ,little of1 ,small1 ,piece of1 ,part4 ,hold right hand in front of body1 shoulder high1 back to right1 end of thumb pressing against under side of index so that only about half an inch of index is seen beyond the thumb1 other fingers closed4 ,for emphasis1 point at right with left ,g4 ,little or ,small of ,stature4 ,for small animal1 person1 etc41 indicate the stature by holding out flat right1 palm down1 above the ground or above the flat left1 palm up4 ,see ,boy4 ,illustration ,little or ,small degree or matter1 ,weak4 ,hold the right fist above the left as though both were grasping a thin stick1 backs out4 ,twist the right hand and draw it in a little to the breast1 turning it so the palm is a little upward instead of a little downward4 ,compare ,few4 ,note ,strong is its analogue4 ,fr4 petit1 peu2 ,ger4 klein1 wenig4 ,live4 ,see ,alive4 ,live in4 ,see ,dwell4 ,liver4 ,compress the right hand1 bend it much at the wrist1 hold it so the back is forward and down1 fingers level and pointing back2 lay it on the right side under the ribs1 draw it to the middle of the body following under side of ribs4 ,fr4 le foie2 ,ger4 die ,leber4 ,illustration ,lock4 ,against flat left palm turn thumb and index of right as a key4 ,fr4 fermer clef1 la serrure2 ,ger4 schlieszen1 das ,schlosz4 ,illustration ,long4 ,fully extend the left arm forward and downward1 hand flat1 palm down2 lay right ,g finger on the left wrist2 then draw it up to the shoulder4 ,often use ,big4 ,fr4 long2 ,ger4 lang4 ,longing4 ,sign ,heart and ,want2 or ,heart1 ,want1 and ,see4 ,fr4 le dsir ardent2 ,ger4 das ,verlangen4 ,illustration ,long time 7,drawn out74 ,slowly draw the hands very far apart as though pulling out a piece of gum or elastic4 ,see ,time4 ,fr4 longtemps2 ,ger4 lange4 ,illustration ,look4 ,make ,v hand and point with fingers in line of sight4 ,compare ,hunting and ,see4 ,fr4 regarder2 ,ger4 ansehen1 hinsehen4 ,look at that4 ,point with forefinger at object and add ,see4 ,compare ,there4 ,fr4 regardez cela1 voyez2 ,ger4 sehen ,sie das an4 ,look out4 ,see ,warning4 ,loose or ,set ,free4 ,see ,liberate4 ,illustration ,lose1 ,lost1 or ,astray 7,hid1 find1 and not2 apparently referring to the game of hide in the hand74 ,hold out both fists together1 palms up1 for ,hid2 then look about and point with right ,g hand behind here and there and to one side2 add ,not4 7,sheeaka47 ,illustration ,lose4 ,the ,cheyennes use ,hide1 which see4 ,compare ,night4 ,lost1 ,i am lost4 ,sign ,look1 ,way1 ,see1 ,not4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 perdre1 perdu2 ,ger4 verlieren1 verloren4 ,love4 ,see ,fond4 ,illustration ,low4 ,hold flat right hand low1 back up4 ,fr4 bas2 ,ger4 niedrig4 ,illustration ,luck1 ,happen1 ,chance1 or ,accident 7,what turns up74 ,extend both ,g hands in front1 palm side up2 turn them in toward each other till the backs are up2 forefingers still extended4 ,then add ,good or ,bad4 7,d7 ,this suggests the gambling sticks in the ,indian game4 ,see ,of4 ,luck 7,whatever befalls me74 ,sign ,medicine1 or shake the head and the flat hand in front of the neck1 then swing right ,g in a curve till it strikes the breast4 7,sheeaka4 ,a doubtful ,sioux sign47 ,fr4 la chance1 l'accident2 ,ger4 der ,zufall4 ,illustration ,lump 7,apparently 8hill0 that can be held in the hand74 ,hold up the right ,a hand1 waist high1 palm to you1 thumb pointing up1 wrist bent so arm is nearly level4 ,compare ,hill4 ,fr4 la petite masse2 ,ger4 der ,klumpen1 die kleine ,masse4 ,lunch or ,luncheon4 ,sign ,noon and ,eat4 ,fr4 le djeuner2 ,ger4 das ,mittagessen4 ,lungs4 ,hold the #e hands on the breast1 one at each side1 and indicate slow heaving4 ,compare ,sick4 ,fr4 les poumons2 ,ger4 die ,lungen4 ,illustration ,lynx4 ,with the ,c hand at each side of the face indicate ruffs2 with rings of index fingers and thumbs1 show the eyes2 then on the ,g right with the ,g left show the bob tail4 7,sheeaka47 ,this is a description rather than a name4 ,fr4 le lynx2 ,ger4 der ,luchs4 ,lynx1 ,bay1 or ,bob-cat4 ,sign ,cat and ,short tail4 7,scott47 ,the ,cheyennes1 who do not know the true ,lynx1 sign ,animal and ,short tail4 ,fr4 le lynx rouge2 ,ger4 der ,rotluchs1 die amerikanische ,wildkatze4 ,m ,mad4 ,see ,angry and ,crazy4 ,illustration ,make or ,manufacture4 ,hammer the top of one fist with the other two or three times1 giving both hands a twisting motion4 7,sheeaka4 ,adopted from the ,deaf47 ,compare ,work1 which is mostly used by ,indians for ,make4 ,fr4 fabriquer2 ,ger4 anfertigen4 ,make up one's mind4 ,see ,decide4 ,illustration ,man or ,male 7,the one alone2 the erect one74 ,right ,g held up at height of chin1 palm forward2 many ,cheyennes make it back forward4 ,for ,boy sign ,man then drop the hand down to a level that indicates height1 and turn it palm to you4 ,fr4 l'homme2 ,ger4 der ,mann4 ,mandan4 ,see ,indian ,tribes4 ,manitoba 7,red ,river ,country74 ,give signs for ,country1 ,river1 ,red 7suggested74 ,manner4 ,see ,way4 ,man who4 ,see ,doer4 ,illustration ,many 7,many tens74 ,hold up both hands1 face high1 half closed1 palms forward2 throw them forward in #e shape4 ,repeat several times4 ,see also ,heap and ,much4 ,fr4 plusieurs2 ,ger4 viele4 ,illustration ,many times1 ,often1 or ,all the time4 ,hold out left arm level1 hand flat palm in2 tap it a few times with right ,g hand from near wrist1 moving each time an inch or so toward elbow4 ,compare ,cheyenne4 ,fr4 souvent2 ,ger4 oft4 ,illustration ,married or ,marry 7,side by side1 united as one74 ,sign ,trade1 that is1 ,bargain2 then lay right ,g beside left ,g touching1 both pointing forward level1 not moved4 7,c7 ,the ,cheyennes omit ,trade4 ,compare ,equal1 ,parallel1 and ,mates4 ,fr4 mari1 pouser2 ,ger4 verheiratet1 heiraten4 ,marten or ,sable4 ,sign ,weasel2 that is1 curve right ,g and push it forward1 back up1 in bounds2 indicate size1 yellow throat2 then1 running up a tree4 ,this is a suggested description1 as ,i found no established sign4 ,fr4 la marte1 la zibeline2 ,ger4 der ,marder1 der ,zobel4 ,match4 ,strike an imaginary match on right thigh1 or left arm4 ,fr4 l'allumette2 ,ger4 das ,streichholz4 ,illustration ,mate or ,partner 7,one teepee and side by side74 ,the ,g fingers in tent form1 then up side by side1 touching4 7,sheeaka47 ,mate or ,chum4 ,sign ,friend1 ,same4 ,fr4 le camarade1 le compagnon2 ,ger4 der ,kamerad4 ,may or ,maybe4 ,see ,perhaps4 ,me4 ,touch one's own chest with the tips of the compressed fingers of the right hand4 7,sheeaka47 ,compare ,i4 ,fr4 moi2 ,ger4 mich4 ,meals4 ,for ,breakfast1 sign ,eat and ,sunrise2 for ,lunch1 sign ,eat and ,noon2 for ,dinner1 sign ,eat and ,sundown4 ,fr4 les repas2 ,ger4 die ,mahlzeiten4 ,mean or ,intend4 ,sign ,want and ,say4 ,fr4 avoir en vue1 vouloir dire2 ,ger4 beabsichtigen1 meinen4 ,mean or ,stingy4 ,sign ,heart and ,few4 ,fr4 avare2 ,ger4 geizig4 ,meanwhile4 ,see ,while4 ,illustration ,meat 7#a74 ,hold out the flat left1 back up2 then with the flat right1 palm up1 slice pieces off the left palm4 ,this is generally used1 but often with left palm up4 ,illustration ,meat or ,flesh 7#b74 ,with right index finger and thumb1 grasp the flesh between left index finger and thumb4 7,sioux and ,blackfoot47 ,note1 if this be done by putting the right at the under side of the left1 it is the same as the next sign4 ,illustration ,meat 7#c74 ,lay the flat left hand1 little finger down1 between the thumb and fingers of the flat right1 as far in as possible2 then pat the back of the left by opening and closing the right a little and add ,buffalo4 ,in conversation1 ,buffalo without the first sign is often used for ,meat1 just as we use ,beef4 ,the first part of this is much like ,thick and ,thin1 but the whole of the left fingers are involved and the right hand is not slid along4 ,the right in this1 it will be noted1 shows the pose of the hand when holding a thick piece of meat to be cut up for drying4 ,clark says there is no sign for ,meat2 yet1 obviously1 his sign for ,bacon is compounded of ,meat1 ,thin1 and ,greasy2 and the sign he gives for ,cutting up1 means ,cutting up meat4 ,meat 7#d74 ,with right index and thumb1 pinch the flesh at the palmar base of the left thumb4 7,father ,isadore says this is fixed and universal among the ,comanches47 ,fr4 la viande2 ,ger4 das ,fleisch4 ,illustration ,medal4 ,make a circle of right thumb and index 7other fingers closed72 lay it little finger in1 on the centre of the breast4 7,c7 ,compare ,policeman4 ,fr4 la mdaille2 ,ger4 die ,medaille4 ,illustration ,medicine1 ,mystery1 ,holy1 ,sacred1 or ,wonderful 7,in the sense of ,sacred ,mystery74 ,hold ,v right hand close to forehead1 palm forward1 pointing up1 separated2 move the hand upward1 twisting it so that the tips of the extended fingers will describe a spiral curve4 ,this is hardly translatable4 ,fr4 le mystre sacr2 ,ger4 das heilige ,geheimnis4 ,medicine 7,a curative drug or potion74 ,hold out left ,c back to left and pour into it from a bottle in right ,c hand4 ,if a powder1 pour on flat left palm4 ,if a pill1 pour on palm and afterward pick up with index and thumb4 7,pop47 ,sign ,medicine and ,eat4 7,cheyenne1 recent47 ,fr4 la mdecine1 le remde2 ,ger4 die ,arznei4 ,medicine-,man or ,shaman4 ,make signs for ,man and ,medicine4 ,fr4 le magicien1 le mdecin2 ,ger4 der ,medizinmann1 der ,schamane4 ,illustration ,meet4 ,hold forefingers of both ,g hands a foot apart1 pointing up1 left farthest off2 move together till touching at the tips4 ,compare ,trade1 ,mistake1 and ,avoid4 ,fr4 rencontrer2 ,ger4 treffen1 begegnen4 ,melancholy4 ,incline the head slightly forward and rest forehead on left hand1 left forearm close to body4 ,understood by ,cheyennes1 but they prefer ,heart on the ,ground4 ,fr4 triste2 ,ger4 schwermtig4 ,illustration ,melt1 ,fade1 ,die out1 ,dissolve4 ,hold up both 8#e0 hands six inches apart1 fingers pointing up1 palms toward you2 let the hands drop and slide aside1 gradually assuming compressed position1 backs up4 7,sheeaka47 ,melt4 ,sign ,wipe out1 but slide the right palm over the left toward the tips in small jerks1 then over and beyond4 ,fr4 fondre2 ,ger4 schmelzen1 vergehen4 ,illustration ,memories4 ,head hung forward2 right ,a hand dropped a foot under chin2 then sign ,time1 ,back4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 les souvenirs2 ,ger4 die ,erinnerungen4 ,memory or ,remembering4 ,sign ,heart and ,know4 ,fr4 la mmoire1 se rappeler2 ,ger4 das ,gedchtnis1 sich erinnern4 ,illustration ,mend4 ,lay the right ,g along to overlap the left ,g1 then hammer on the left with right fist4 7,sheeaka47 ,note1 this is mending iron or wood2 to mend clothes1 lay one index on other as above1 then with right sew over edge of left4 7,blackfoot47 ,the ,cheyennes usually sign ,make and ,good4 ,compare ,fix4 ,fr4 raccommoder2 ,ger4 ausbessern1 reparieren4 ,mercy4 ,in the ,roman ,arena1 the appeal for mercy was made by stretching the hand with first and second fingers raised and touching2 others closed4 7,pop47 ,fr4 la clmence1 la misricorde2 ,ger4 das ,erbarmen1 die ,gnade4 ,mercy on ,another4 ,see ,pity4 ,mercy on ,me4 ,see ,pity4 ,merry4 ,see ,glad4 ,message1 i4e41 ,spoken4 ,see ,speech4 ,metal4 ,sign ,hard and describe or point to a piece of the metal in question4 ,or sign ,strong1 ,hard4 ,fr4 le mtal2 ,ger4 das ,metall4 ,meteor4 ,sign ,star and with hand up high sign ,fire and let it drop in a wavy line across the sky4 ,fr4 le mtore2 ,ger4 das ,meteor1 die ,feuerkugel4 ,midday or ,noon4 ,sun and ,straight up4 ,fr4 le midi2 ,ger4 der ,mittag4 ,illustration ,middle 7,the point dividing in half74 ,hold out the left ,g hand1 finger level4 ,drop the right ,g hand down onto it at the middle joint4 ,compare ,half and ,centre4 ,middle4 ,strike down with lower edge of flat right between the fingers of left ,v held pointing up4 ,fr4 le milieu2 ,ger4 die ,mitte4 ,middle one4 ,hold up three fingers of left1 tap the two outer with right ,g1 then bend the middle one down4 ,fr4 celui au milieu2 ,ger4 der ,mittlere4 ,midnight4 ,sign ,night and ,middle4 ,fr4 le minuit2 ,ger4 die ,mitternacht4 ,illustration ,mile 7,stake1 measure1 and stake74 ,hold out closed left at arm's length in front of shoulder1 back up1 index and thumb joined at top2 drop it six inches1 point down2 then place index and thumb of similar right against it and swing right out level to right for two or three feet and drop it as before4 ,fr4 le mille2 ,ger4 die ,meile4 ,milk4 ,with both ,s hands make motion of milking4 ,fr4 le lait2 ,ger4 die ,milch4 ,milky ,way 7,spirit's ,trail74 ,die and ,way1 and sweep the right hand high across the sky to show where4 ,fr4 la voie lacte2 ,ger4 die ,milchstrasze4 ,mingle4 ,see ,mix4 ,mink4 ,sign ,water1 ,creek1 and ,animal4 7,blackfoot47 ,sometimes indicate size4 ,fr4 le foutereau1 le mink2 ,ger4 der ,mink1 der ,nerz4 ,minute 7,division of time74 ,see ,time4 ,hold left ,o hand horizontal for ,watch2 tap around it with right ,g finger for hours2 then for minute add ,one1 ,small1 and ,time4 ,second would be the same with added signs ,few or ,very4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 la minute2 ,ger4 die ,minute4 ,minute 7,very small74 ,sign ,small4 ,fr4 trs petit2 ,ger4 winzig4 ,mirage4 ,hold right #e hand high1 opposite left shoulder1 back out1 pointing to left2 move it horizontally to right with a tremulous motion4 7,c7 ,fr4 le mirage2 ,ger4 die ,luftspiegelung4 ,illustration ,mirror4 ,flat right1 points up1 opposite face1 shaken a little forward and back as though adjusting the distance4 ,sometimes sign ,look first4 ,fr4 le miroir2 ,ger4 der ,spiegel4 ,mislead4 ,sign ,way1 then thrust right ,g to right and to left1 but not straight4 ,or sign ,tell1 ,straight1 ,not4 ,fr4 garer2 ,ger4 verleiten4 ,miss4 ,see ,avoid4 ,mist4 ,see ,fog4 ,illustration ,mistake 7,mark missed74 ,hold up left ,g hand1 then pass it by with right ,g hand4 ,fr4 l'erreur2 ,ger4 der ,irrtum4 ,mix or ,mingle4 ,hold up the #e hands1 face high1 points up1 palm to palm touching2 rotate one against the other4 ,if in cookery1 imitate the movement of stirring4 ,compare ,play4 ,fr4 mlanger2 ,ger4 mischen4 ,moccasin4 ,pass the open hands over feet from toe to ankle4 ,usually but one hand is used1 and it need not touch the foot4 ,fr4 le mocassin2 ,ger4 der ,mokassin4 ,illustration ,mockery or ,insolent defiance4 ,spread the right hand with fingers straight1 point of thumb to point of nose1 little finger toward the enemy4 7,pop47 ,not ,indian originally1 but all understand it now4 ,fr4 la moquerie1 la drision2 ,ger4 die ,verspottung4 ,modesty4 ,cover the eyes with one flat hand1 its fingers well apart4 7,pop47 ,see ,ashamed and ,fog4 ,fr4 la modestie2 ,ger4 die ,sittsamkeit1 die ,bescheidenheit4 ,illustration ,money 7,coin74 ,with right thumb and index1 others closed1 make a horizontal circle4 ,compare ,sun1 ,fruit1 and ,leaf4 ,fr4 l'argent2 ,ger4 das ,geld4 ,money 7,paper74 ,sign ,writing and ,money4 ,illustration ,money 7,bills74 ,draw the flat left hand edgewise between the thumb and fingers of the right2 then on left palm indicate shape4 7,c7 ,fr4 billets de banque2 ,ger4 die ,banknoten4 ,monkey 7,man's face1 dog's run74 ,sign ,face1 ,man1 ,dog1 ,goes4 ,fr4 le singe2 ,ger4 der ,affe4 ,month 7,one ,moon74 ,sign for ,one and ,moon and ,die4 ,fr4 le mois2 ,ger4 der ,monat4 ,each tribe had1 of course1 its own names for the months4 ,i have selected the ones most likely to be widely popular1 without regard to their origin4 ,illustration ,january 7,snow ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and ,snow4 ,fr4 le janvier2 ,ger4 der ,januar4 ,february 7,hunger ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and ,hunger4 ,fr4 le fvrier2 ,ger4 der ,februar4 ,march 7,crow ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and ,crow4 ,fr4 le mars2 ,ger4 der ,mrz4 ,april 7,grass ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and ,short grass4 ,fr4 l'avril2 ,ger4 der ,april4 ,illustration ,may 7,planting ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and ,planting4 ,fr4 le mai2 ,ger4 der ,mai4 ,june 7,rose ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and ,rose4 ,fr4 le juin2 ,ger4 der ,juni4 ,july 7,thunder ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and ,lightning4 ,fr4 le juillet2 ,ger4 der ,juli4 ,august 7,red ,moon74 ,sign for ,moon and ,red4 ,fr4 l'aot2 ,ger4 der ,august4 ,illustration ,september 7,hunting ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and then draw a bow as in hunting4 ,fr4 le septembre2 ,ger4 der ,september4 ,october 7,leaf-falling ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and ,leaf-falling4 ,fr4 l'octobre2 ,ger4 der ,oktober4 ,november 7,mad ,moon74 ,sign ,moon and ,mad4 ,fr4 le novembre2 ,ger4 der ,november4 ,december 7,long ,night74 ,sign ,moon1 ,night1 and ,long4 ,fr4 le dcembre2 ,ger4 der ,dezember4 ,illustration ,moon 7,horns in the sky1 or crescent74 ,close right hand except thumb and first finger1 which forms a half-circle or crescent1 held above the right ear1 back of hand forward4 ,sometimes expressed as ,night and ,sun4 ,fr4 la lune2 ,ger4 der ,mond4 ,illustration ,moose 7,elk with flat horns74 ,hold up flat hands for horns2 but swing both backward and forward to indicate width2 then1 with both 8,l0 hands1 indicate the hanging muzzle4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 l'orignal2 ,ger4 das ,elentier1 der ,elch4 ,illustration ,more4 ,hold out the flat left hand1 palm up2 then with right make as though throwing sand on it more and more1 three times4 7,sheeaka47 ,compare ,most4 ,see ,repeat1 ,add to1 and ,ahead4 ,fr4 plus2 ,ger4 mehr4 ,illustration ,morning or ,day 7,opening up74 ,both hands palms down1 flat1 near together4 ,sweep them up1 out1 and apart2 turning the palms up4 ,the same as ,day4 ,illustration ,morning or ,dawn4 ,hold out both arms level1 full length1 side by side1 hands flat1 backs forward1 tips touching2 raise them slowly to half height4 ,fr4 le matin2 ,ger4 der ,morgen4 ,mosquito4 ,with right index and thumb make as though pricking right cheek with a thorn2 then slap the place with right palm4 ,fr4 le moustique2 ,ger4 der ,moskito1 die ,stechmcke4 ,illustration ,most4 ,sign ,more1 then raise the right flat hand high above it4 7,sheeaka47 ,or sign ,ahead1 ,all4 ,fr4 le plus2 ,ger4 meist1 am ,meisten4 ,illustration ,mother 7,nurse or parent1 female74 ,with the finger tips of the right hand1 make as though drawing milk from the left breast2 add the sign for ,female if necessary4 7,scott47 ,note the left breast for ,mother1 nearer the heart2 the right breast is for ,father4 ,fr4 la mre2 ,ger4 die ,mutter4 ,mother-in-law4 ,sign ,brother-in-law1 ,old1 ,woman4 ,fr4 la belle-mre2 ,ger4 die ,schwiegermutter4 ,motor car4 ,make signs for ,wheels1 ,horse1 ,not4 ,or sign ,fire twice then make as though holding and turning steering wheel4 ,fr4 l'automobile2 ,ger4 das ,automobil4 ,illustration ,mound or ,low ,hill4 ,flat hands together1 backs up2 separated and swept down to show shape4 ,compare ,heap1 which is just the reverse2 also see ,box4 ,fr4 la petite minence2 ,ger4 der ,erdhgel4 ,mount 7,a horse74 ,hold right ,v to right side pointing up2 swing it up to right1 over and down1 points down1 onto flat left1 which is held thumb up4 ,or1 omit left4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 monter2 ,ger4 steigen4 ,mountain4 ,hold up ,a hand as in ,hill1 but higher1 and add ,hard4 ,use both hands alternately up and down in various places for plural4 ,compare ,hill and ,lump4 ,fr4 la montagne2 ,ger4 der ,berg4 ,mountain ,lion1 ,cat4 ,sign ,cat1 ,long tail1 and ,jump4 7,c7 ,or with both ,l hands indicate large round tracks2 then1 with right ,g1 pointed down1 raised and down1 each time1 indicate the zigzag trail4 7,paiute sign1 given me by ,c4 ,b4 ,ruggles47 ,fr4 le couguar2 ,ger4 der ,kuguar4 ,mountain ,pass4 ,see ,gap4 ,mourn4 ,with the flat hands used like knives1 backs up1 little fingers as though sharp edges1 make as though to cut off the hair at each side of the head1 and add ,cry4 ,fr4 s'affliger2 ,ger4 trauern4 ,illustration ,mouse 7,night nibbler74 ,sign ,animal1 with very small jumps1 indicate size and ,night2 then1 with right forefinger and thumb1 nibble at left ,g forefinger4 ,fr4 la souris2 ,ger4 die ,maus4 ,illustration ,move1 ,to move camp 7,teepee poles1 travois74 ,both ,g hands in front1 backs out2 lay right forefinger on left at middle joint1 crossing at an angle of #de degrees1 and push both hands forward in slight jerks1 each jerk a day's journey4 ,fr4 changer de place1 dmnager2 ,ger4 fortziehen1 wegrcken4 ,mowing machine4 ,sign ,grass and ,knife2 the last at right lower than waist4 ,add ,wagon if needed to indicate horse mower4 ,fr4 la machine faucher2 ,ger4 die ,mhmaschine4 ,illustration ,much or ,many4 ,hold curved #e hands1 palm to palm1 a foot apart2 swing down together and up face high1 closing them2 swing a little apart at the finish4 ,illustration ,much 7,heap47 ,hold the flat hands so the palms are toward each other1 the left lower1 and draw them apart1 the left downward1 the right upward4 ,the extent to which they are drawn apart indicates the quantity4 ,compare ,big1 ,great1 ,heap1 ,increase1 and ,decrease4 ,fr4 beaucoup2 ,ger4 viel4 ,much1 ,too4 ,see ,excessive4 ,mud4 ,see ,soft4 ,illustration ,mule4 ,hold extended hands alongside of ears1 palms to front1 fingers pointing upward2 by wrist action1 flop the hands to front and rear1 representing motion of mule's ears4 ,fr4 le mulet2 ,ger4 das ,maultier4 ,murder4 ,sign ,kill and ,free4 ,meaning an unjustified killing4 ,fr4 le meurtre2 ,ger4 der ,mord4 ,must4 ,see ,have to2 also ,begin or ,push4 ,see ,imperative4 ,muskrat or ,musquash4 ,sign ,beaver and ,small4 ,illustration ,muskrat 7,tail1 swimming and lump74 ,hold out right ,g1 back up1 nearly level1 pointing forward and to left2 shake it1 draw it to right2 then hold up compressed right hand1 back up1 pointing forward1 and grasp right wrist on lower side with left hand4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 le rat musqu du ,canada1 l'ondatra2 ,ger4 die ,bisamratte4 ,my1 ,mine1 or ,my own4 ,sign ,possession2 that is1 hold out the ,a hand1 thumb straight up2 then swing it in till it touches the breast2 or sometimes lay the spread flat hand on the breast4 7,sheeaka47 ,see ,i4 ,my1 ,mine1 or ,my own4 ,touch breast with point of compressed right1 then sign ,possession4 ,fr4 mon2 ,ger4 mein4 ,mystery4 ,see ,medicine4 ,n ,name 7,of a man74 ,sign ,called4 8,what is your name80 would be ,question1 ,you1 ,called4 ,illustration ,name 7,of animal74 ,with right forefinger and thumb1 others closed1 make an incomplete circle and lay it palm down against the palm of the flat left hand1 held forward1 back to left4 ,compare ,brand and ,called4 ,scott gives it as illustrated4 ,fr4 nommer1 le nom2 ,ger4 7be7 nennen1 der ,name4 ,name1 ,to sign one's 7,thumb print74 ,press the thumb tip of the ,a hand against the palm of the flat left4 ,compare ,letter4 ,fr4 signer son nom2 ,ger4 seinen ,namen unterschreiben4 ,named4 ,see ,called4 ,illustration ,narrow4 ,hold flat hands out1 palm to palm1 about six inches apart1 fingers level and pointing forward2 move them toward each other until but one inch apart4 ,compare ,fast1 ,between1 ,few1 and ,road4 ,fr4 troit2 ,ger4 eng4 ,illustration ,nation 7,people all74 ,hold up both #e hands1 swing them toward each other and away in a great circle4 7,sheeaka47 ,not well established4 ,fr4 la nation1 le peuple2 ,ger4 die ,nation1 das ,volk4 ,,nationalities3 ,american4 ,sign ,thirteen1 ,fires4 ,this was once used on the ,ohio1 referring to the ,council ,fires of the thirteen original colonies4 ,then add ,country by patting the ground with both flat hands and swinging them apart and up4 ,according to ,clark1 sometimes called ,long ,knives4 ,draw a long line east and west2 then with flat hand1 point up1 indicate all south of it4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 l',amricain2 ,ger4 der ,amerikaner4 ,british 7,red coat74 ,touch the coat2 then with fingers brush the cheeks for red4 ,fr4 les ,anglais1 les sujets anglais2 ,ger4 die ,briten1 das britische ,volk4 ,canadian 7,shaking off the snow74 ,shake the coat lapel with right hand4 7,d7 ,the ,blackfeet draw a long line east and west then with flat hand point to indicate all north of that line4 ,fr4 le ,canadien2 ,ger4 der ,kanadier4 ,chinaman4 ,indicate long tail by signing ,rope at back of head4 ,fr4 le ,chinois2 ,ger4 der ,chinese4 ,dutchman 7,long pipe74 ,place thumb of ,y hand at the mouth1 draw it down and outward to indicate the long pipe4 7,d7 ,fr4 le ,hollandais2 ,ger4 der ,hollnder4 ,englishman4 ,sign ,white ,man1 ,far4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 l',anglais2 ,ger4 der ,englnder4 ,frenchman4 ,hold out the ,f hand well toward the left1 palm up2 draw it across in front of self from left to right1 turning it palm down4 7,d7 ,to sign ,hairy ,man would translate the nickname 8,poilu40 ,fr4 le ,franais2 ,ger4 der ,franzose4 ,illustration ,german 7,the double eagle74 ,cross the wrists of both #e hands1 thumb palm against thumb palm1 and work the fingers4 7,d7 ,fr4 l',allemand2 ,ger4 der ,deutsche4 ,great ,britain 7,red-coat land74 ,land1 ,coat1 and ,red4 ,fr4 la ,grande-,bretagne2 ,ger4 das ,groszbritannien4 ,holland4 ,same as ,dutchman4 ,indian4 ,see ,indian on p4 #ajf4 ,irishman4 ,hold out left ,s hand1 back up2 swing right ,v around it and end with ,v resting on back of left4 7,d7 ,green ,island ,man would be more acceptable4 ,fr4 l',irlandais2 ,ger4 der ,irlnder4 ,japanese4 ,sign ,country and ,rising ,sun4 ,or sign ,man1 ,short1 ,eyes1 ,oblique4 ,the last by pushing up the outer corners of the eyes with ,g fingers4 7,these are suggested47 ,fr4 le ,japonais2 ,ger4 der ,japaner4 ,jew 7,long beard74 ,placing the fingers of the bent #e hand on the chin1 draw them down and off1 letting the hand assume the flat position as it leaves the chin4 7,d7 7,as a slang term47 ,spread both hands open from opposite each shoulder1 palms forward1 and rotate them slightly on the wrist back and forth4 7,pop47 ,fr4 le ,juif2 ,ger4 der ,jude4 ,italian4 ,with the little finger of ,i hand trace a cross in the centre of the forehead4 7,d7 ,fr4 l',italien2 ,ger4 der ,italiener4 ,mexican 7,bearded ,white ,man74 ,sign for ,white ,man and ,beard4 ,in this case1 ,beard is made by rotating and jerking the #e hand before the chin1 points up4 ,fr4 le ,mexicain2 ,ger4 der ,mexikaner4 ,negro4 ,sign ,white ,man1 ,black face4 7,c7 ,sheeaka also fumbled the open right over the knuckles of the half closed left1 to indicate kinky hair4 ,fr4 le ngre2 ,ger4 der ,neger4 ,ontario 7,land of ,lakes74 ,make signs for ,country and ,lakes4 7,suggested47 ,fr4 l',ontario2 ,ger4 das ,ontario4 ,russian4 ,arms akimbo1 i4e41 ,c hand on each side of the waist4 7,d7 ,the ,cheyennes call them ,ride ,easy from the ,cossack circus performers2 but it is not an established sign4 ,bear ,man is suggested4 ,fr4 le ,russe2 ,ger4 der ,russe4 ,scotchman 7,plaid clothes74 ,cross the fingers of the right #e hand with those of the left #e hand on the chest1 then let each drop to continue the lines4 7,d7 ,fr4 l'cossais2 ,ger4 der ,schotte4 ,spaniard4 ,sign ,old1 ,mexican4 ,fr4 l',espagnol2 ,ger4 der ,spanier4 ,white ,man 7,hat man74 ,with ,g right hand draw first finger across the brow4 7,c7 ,for illustration see ,white ,man among ,w's4 ,fr4 l'homme blanc2 ,ger4 der ,weisze4 ,other countries are indicated in the ,deaf ,code by making the initial letter in the single-handed alphabet and swinging them in a circle in front of the forehead2 but this mode contravenes the fundamental principle of ,signs4 7,see ,introduction47 ,therefore1 it is better to wait till a true sign is discovered4 ,near or ,nearly4 ,same as ,close1 which see4 ,near by4 ,see ,by4 ,nearest4 ,see ,next4 ,need or ,need to4 ,see ,must4 ,needle4 ,make the sign for ,sew4 7,c7 ,fr4 l'aiguille2 ,ger4 die ,nadel4 ,neighbor4 ,sign ,close and ,dwell1 or ,sit1 ,close4 ,fr4 le voisin2 ,ger4 der ,nachbar4 ,nephew4 ,sign ,brother's 7or ,sister's7 ,son4 7,c7 ,fr4 le neveu2 ,ger4 der ,neffe4 ,illustration ,never 7,ever and ,not74 ,right elbow fixed at side and with right ,g hand out straight1 describe a complete upright circle1 left to right2 then throw the hand down to right in ,not4 7,sheeaka2 probably borrowed from ,deaf47 ,fr4 jamais2 ,ger4 niemals4 ,never mind4 ,see ,rub it out4 ,new4 ,sign ,little time1 ,traded4 ,or1 ,little while1 ,made1 ,good4 ,fr4 neuf2 ,ger4 neu4 ,news4 ,with right ,g struck down to right and left 7for this and that7 and ,hear4 ,fr4 les nouvelles2 ,ger4 die ,nachrichten4 ,newspaper4 ,sign ,writing and ,tell 7i4e41 ,talk7 to right and left4 ,fr4 le journal2 ,ger4 die ,zeitung4 ,next4 ,see ,neighbor4 ,illustration ,next or ,second4 ,hold out the flat #d left hand1 palm down2 with right ,g draw the left index toward the right2 then tap the middle finger of left with right index4 ,or sign ,close4 ,fr4 prochain2 ,ger4 nchst4 ,illustration ,night 7,earth covered up74 ,bring the flat hands1 backs up1 well apart1 out in front of body1 breast high2 move them together in outline of a dome1 finally resting right wrist on left4 ,compare ,hide4 ,fr4 la nuit2 ,ger4 die ,nacht4 ,illustration ,no4 ,hold flat right hand1 back up1 in front of body1 fingers pointing level and nearly forward4 ,swing the hand in a graceful curve to right and front1 at the same time turning it thumb up1 finishing with the back of hand to right and downward2 the hand is swept into its position on a curve4 ,usually abbreviated into a short jerk of the flat hand to right1 its palm kept facing left4 ,compare ,bad and ,different4 ,for short range1 shake the head2 this is simple and universal4 ,it is so natural that babies and animals do it when offered bitter medicine1 for example4 7,popular and ,indian generally47 ,fr4 non2 ,ger4 nein4 ,illustration ,no1 ,i won't listen2 or ,go away1 the matter is ended4 ,right ,g hand upraised to level of face1 palm out1 index upright2 wave the finger hand from side to side by wrist action4 ,chiefly used by ,cheyennes when joking4 ,it is general in ,latin countries4 ,compare ,white-tailed ,deer4 ,fr4 non1 allez6 ,ger4 ,punktum6 ,schlusz6 ,none1 ,nothing1 ,i have no money4 ,turn the flat palms forward1 one near each trouser pocket4 7,pop47 ,fr4 il n'y a rien2 ,ger4 nichts4 ,noon4 ,see ,midday4 ,notify4 ,see ,tell4 ,illustration ,now 7,emphatic 8right now074 ,hold up right ,g1 back to right and pointing upward about eight inches in front of the face2 and1 without stopping1 carry it a little to front2 then stop and give a slight rebound4 ,sometimes look up to make it clear that it relates to time of day1 that is1 the sun's course4 ,often it means this as in this day2 this moment2 this night4 ,fr4 maintenant2 ,ger4 jetzt4 ,illustration ,numbers and ,counting4 ,up to ten as shown on the fingers at the foot of previous page and this4 ,for #bj--,sign #aj1 close the hands1 then repeat it4 ,for #be--,sign #bj1 then drop left1 close right1 and sign #e4 ,for #cj--,sign #aj three times2 or else as below4 ,illustration ,for #bj1 etc41 sign #aj1 then hold out left #e hand pointing forward and draw right ,g along each finger from base to tip2 each finger so pointed stands for #aj4 ,if over #ej1 do same with right hand and left index till enough tens are shown4 ,illustration ,for #ajj--;,both #e hands held up1 palm forward1 thumb tips touching1 low1 opposite right shoulder2 swing in a vertical arch to low opposite left shoulder4 ,this mode of multiplying by ten may be applied to other numbers4 ,for #a1jjj--,sign #ajj and on flat hands spread and pointing forward1 palm down1 with index of other hand show number of hundreds as above4 ,illustration ,numbers or ,counting4 ,or1 with the thumb of the same hand1 touch each of the finger tips in succession4 7,popular and sometimes used by ,cheyennes47 ,fr4 les nombres1 les numros1 compter2 ,ger4 die ,zahlen1 zhlen4 ,illustration ,numbers ordinal4 ,point at or indicate the person or thing2 then turn down the first finger for #ast and the second finger for #b;d and so on4 ,also see ,first1 ,next1 and ,last4 ,numeral ,sign1 ,arithmetic1 or ,counting4 ,hold the left #e hand1 palm up1 fingers a little bent2 with right ,g turn one or two left fingers down on left palm4 ,the ,deaf mode is the figure-sign1 then1 without changing position of arm or hand1 give the hand a twisting jerk from the wrist1 which swings it in a small circle4 ,fr4 les nombres ordinaux2 ,ger4 die ,ordinalzahlen4 ,nun4 ,sign ,woman1 ,black1 ,hat4 ,fr4 la religieuse2 ,ger4 die ,nonne4 ,o ,illustration ,oath or ,swear4 ,tap the chest with the tips of the flat right hand1 then hold it at head height1 palm forward4 7,sheeaka47 ,sometimes point to ,heaven and ,earth1 then hold up flat right hand4 7,c7 ,neither is ,cheyenne1 but both are understood by them4 ,see ,promise4 ,with right ,g make a small cross over the heart4 7,pop47 ,fr4 le serment1 jurer2 ,ger4 der ,eid1 schwren4 ,obey4 ,make sign for ,listen4 ,for emphasis add ,yes4 ,disobey is putting the flat hands over the ears4 ,fr4 obir2 ,ger4 gehorchen4 ,obliged to4 ,see ,have to4 7,c7 ,ocean4 ,sign ,water and ,very broad4 ,some add ,salt4 ,fr4 l'ocan2 ,ger4 der ,ozean4 ,illustration ,of 7,that from that74 ,hold right ,g hand out straight from right side1 palm up2 rotate the hand so the index tip describes a small half-circle inward and finally the palm is down4 7,d7 ,compare ,luck4 ,fr4 de2 ,ger4 von4 ,offer or ,propose4 ,hold the flat hands1 palms up1 near you1 then move forward as though offering something4 7,blackfoot47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,want and ,give4 ,fr4 offrir1 proposer2 ,ger4 anbieten1 vorschlagen4 ,office4 ,sign ,writing ,house4 ,officer4 ,sign ,chief2 or1 if military1 sign ,chief1 ,soldier4 ,or indicate with the right index on the left shoulder or arm the insignia of the particular rank4 ,fr4 l'officier2 ,ger4 der ,beamte1 der ,offizier4 ,offspring4 ,see ,child4 ,often4 ,see ,many times4 ,illustration ,oil 7,blowing oil off surface in pot74 ,with both ,l hands form a big level circle2 then tilt it low on forward side and blow across it4 7,blackfoot1 but understood by ,cheyennes47 ,fr4 l'huile2 ,ger4 das l4 ,illustration ,oil or ,grease4 ,hold out the flat left1 thumb up2 with right thumb on palm and right index on back 7others closed72 rub back and forth with short1 quick jerks4 ,compare ,thick1 ,thin1 ,bacon4 ,fr4 la graisse2 ,ger4 das ,fett4 ,illustration ,old 7,walking with a stick74 ,hold right ,a hand1 back to right1 about twelve inches in front of right shoulder1 about height of breast2 move the hand a little upward1 to front1 downward and back into its first position on small curve1 repeating motion4 ,compare ,lame4 ,fr4 vieux2 ,ger4 alt4 ,old ,man4 ,hold up the right index finger as in ,man1 then drop1 crook1 and swing it in ,old4 ,see ,decrepit4 ,fr4 le vieillard2 ,ger4 der ,greis4 ,old1 ,how old are you8 ,sign ,question1 ,snows1 ,you2 or ,question1 ,counting1 ,colds1 ,you4 ,fr4 quel ge avez-vous8 ,ger4 wie alt sind ,sie8 ,illustration ,on or ,upon4 ,lay the flat right hand1 palm down1 on back of the flat horizontal left1 palm down4 ,compare ,at4 ,fr4 sur2 ,ger4 auf4 ,illustration ,once4 ,dip the finger ends of the right compressed hand down against the palm of the flat left hand1 bringing it away quickly4 ,for ,twice1 do it twice1 etc4 7,sheeaka47 ,compare ,this and ,repeat4 ,once 7,one go74 ,sign ,one with right ,g index and push it forward low down4 7,so1 also1 ,twice is ,two pushed forward1 etc47 ,fr4 une fois2 ,ger4 einmal4 ,one who1 or ,the man that does4 ,see ,doer4 ,onion4 ,sign ,potato and ,bad1 ,smell4 ,fr4 l'oignon2 ,ger4 die ,zwiebel4 ,only4 ,see ,alone4 ,illustration ,open4 ,the flat hands together1 palm to palm1 opened out flat as a book4 ,the same as ,book with ,writing omitted4 ,compare ,day1 ,book1 ,shell1 and ,shut4 ,fr4 ouvrir1 ouvert2 ,ger4 ffnen1 offen4 ,illustration ,opossum4 ,hold out the flat right1 fingers doubled on palm1 thumb straight up2 move it forward level4 ,the thumb represents the tail4 ,this is an ,australian sign given by ,e4 ,c4 ,stirling4 ,it is offered as a suggestion and as a reminder that the ,sign ,language is world-wide4 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,tree1 ,climb1 ,hang by tail4 ,fr4 l'opossum1 le 7la7 sarigue2 ,ger4 das ,opossum4 ,illustration ,opposite or ,against4 ,hold the ,g fingers up opposite each other1 pointing at each other4 ,compare ,against4 ,fr4 oppos1 en face2 ,ger4 gegenber4 ,or4 ,see ,either4 ,sometimes use ,different4 ,orderly or ,put in order4 ,see ,ready4 ,ordinal ,numbers4 ,see ,numbers ,ordinal4 ,other4 ,see ,another4 ,other side4 ,see ,beyond4 ,illustration ,otter 7,wrapping the hair plait74 ,with right thumb1 index and middle fingers together1 others closed1 describe a small spiral from near the right ear down4 ,because the otter skin was the kind used in strips to wrap the plaits of the ,indians' hair4 ,fr4 la loutre2 ,ger4 der 7die7 ,otter4 ,our4 ,sign ,all1 ,my4 ,fr4 notre2 ,ger4 unser4 ,out of4 ,see ,absent4 ,outside or ,out of4 ,make a semicircle of the left arm out level2 drop the compressed right hand without and beyond the semicircle4 ,compare ,in1 which it resembles1 except in the last movement4 ,fr4 dehors1 hors de2 ,ger4 drauszen4 ,over or ,above4 ,see ,above4 ,overcome4 ,see ,kill4 ,illustration ,overtake4 ,hold out flat left hand at arm's length1 palm forward1 fingers pointing up2 hold the right ,g hand near the breast1 palm out1 pointing up2 move it forward till it strikes the left hand4 ,use the left ,g if only one is pursued4 ,compare ,arrive there4 ,fr4 atteindre2 ,ger4 einholen4 ,illustration ,owe or ,debt 7,recorded and given74 ,write on the left palm and swing it from you to me or otherwise1 according to the case4 7,sheeaka47 ,owe4 ,sign ,trade1 ,time1 ,money1 ,give4 ,fr4 devoir2 ,ger4 schuldig sein4 ,illustration ,owl4 ,sign ,bird and ,big-eyes2 the latter by putting around each eye a half-circle of thumb and index4 7,for ,horned ,owl indicate the horns with ,g hands47 ,for ,burrowing ,owl1 sign ,owl1 ,hole1 and ,dancing4 ,fr4 la chouette1 le hibou2 ,ger4 die ,eule4 ,own4 ,see ,possession4 ,p ,illustration ,pack4 ,hold out left flat hand1 back to left 7this is the horse72 bring right flat hand and place palm against left thumb1 fingers pointing to front 7this is the right pack72 raise the right hand and place palm against upper part of left 7this is the left pack72 repeat these motions quickly4 ,fr4 emballer2 ,ger4 packen4 ,pain4 ,see ,ache4 ,paint4 ,use all the fingers of right hand as a brush painting the left palm4 ,recent ,cheyenne4 ,fr4 peindre2 ,ger4 anstreichen1 malen4 ,paint the cheeks4 ,sign ,red1 then rub the cheeks and front of the face with palm of flat right hand moved in small circles4 ,fr4 se farder2 ,ger4 schminken4 ,illustration ,palsy4 ,both flat hands1 backs up1 near breast1 shaking4 ,fr4 la paralysie agitante2 ,ger4 die ,schttellhmung4 ,panther4 ,see ,mountain ,lion4 ,illustration ,paper 7,square to write on74 ,with ,g fingers outline a square1 then make as though to write on it with right ,g4 ,fr4 le papier2 ,ger4 das ,papier4 ,illustration ,parallel1 or ,side by ,side4 ,the index fingers of ,g hands laid side by side1 not touching and not moving4 ,some make right index point to left and left to right in this4 ,compare ,equal1 ,race1 and ,marry4 ,fr4 parallle2 ,ger4 parallel1 gleichlaufend4 ,illustration ,pardon1 ,liberate1 or ,turn ,loose 7,removing a halter74 ,hold both ,l hands1 palms up1 near the neck1 one on each side2 sweep them up1 over1 forward and down1 as though removing a halter2 at the finish the index fingers are pointing forward and down4 ,sometimes add ,go4 ,see ,excuse and ,free4 ,fr4 pardonner2 ,ger4 begnadigen4 ,part4 ,if one-half1 indicate it as in the sign for that word2 if less1 hold the right hand nearer end of index1 according to portion desired to be represented4 ,see ,half and ,some4 ,fr4 la partie2 ,ger4 der ,teil4 ,partner4 ,see ,mate4 ,parturition4 ,see ,born4 ,pass by4 ,see ,avoid4 ,illustration ,past 7,time back74 ,make the sign for ,time and jerk the thumb backward over the right shoulder1 all fingers closed4 7,sheeaka47 ,or throw the flat hand back over shoulder4 ,in general1 sign ,time1 ,back4 ,see ,ago and ,back4 ,fr4 le pass2 ,ger4 die ,vergangenheit4 ,pasture4 ,see ,corral4 ,patrol4 ,see ,band4 ,pawnee4 ,see ,indian ,tribes4 ,pawnshop 7,house of three balls74 ,house and hold left hand up with thumb1 first and second fingers pointing straight down2 then make a hoop of right thumb and index and apply it in succession to the three hanging tips4 7,pop4 and acceptable to ,indians47 ,fr4 le ,mont-de-,pit2 ,ger4 das ,leihhaus1 das ,pfandhaus4 ,pax4 ,see ,fins4 ,illustration ,pay 7i4e41 8,will you give me80 or 8,will you pay8074 ,hold the right hand forward at level of waist1 palm up1 fingers half closed1 rubbing the tip of first finger and tip of thumb together4 7,popular and understood by ,sheeaka47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,money1 ,give me4 ,fr4 payer2 ,ger4 bezahlen4 ,peace4 ,clasp the hands in front of body4 ,fr4 la paix2 ,ger4 der ,friede4 ,illustration ,peak4 ,sign ,mountain1 ,part2 then hold up high all fingers of right hand in a point1 back under4 ,fr4 le pic2 ,ger4 die ,spitze4 ,peas4 ,sign ,plant1 then with right index and thumb as in ,little of tap five or six times in a row along the side of the left ,g4 ,fr4 les pois2 ,ger4 die ,erbsen4 ,pekan4 ,see ,fisher4 ,penny4 ,sign ,red1 ,money4 ,illustration ,people4 ,hold up the #e hands1 points up1 and add ,all4 ,compare ,nation and ,dance4 ,illustration ,people4 ,hold up both ,g hands at various heights1 as in ,man sign4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 le peuple2 ,ger4 die ,leute1 das ,volk4 ,pepper 7,black sprinkler74 ,sign ,black1 then use right ,o hand as tho it held a sprinkler4 ,a ,blackfoot sign understood by ,cheyennes4 ,fr4 le poivre2 ,ger4 der ,pfeffer4 ,perhaps4 ,see ,if4 ,permit4 ,see ,free4 ,perplexed4 ,see ,if and ,consider4 ,petrol4 ,see ,spirit4 ,period or ,full stop4 ,use ,done both ,no4 #a and ,no4 #b4 ,fr4 le point2 ,ger4 der ,punkt4 ,persevere1 ,persist1 or ,stick to it4 ,hold both fists near breast and firmly push them forward once or twice4 ,that is1 sign ,push repeatedly4 ,fr4 persister2 ,ger4 beharren4 ,person or ,individual4 ,sign ,man4 ,fr4 la personne2 ,ger4 die ,person4 ,illustration ,photograph4 ,hold out the nearly flat left hand at arm's length1 face high1 palm to you1 fingers level1 pointing to right2 from near it1 draw back right fist1 palm to left and up1 thumb out straight1 as though drawing something to the eye2 then near the face change the right hand to flat1 slightly curved1 back forward1 fingers pointing to left1 and push it forward against palm of left1 as in ,print4 ,fr4 la photographie2 ,ger4 die ,photographie4 ,picture4 ,indicate the subject1 then hold up both ,l hands to outline bottom and two sides of a square4 ,with imaginary pencil in right draw on this2 left remaining as it was4 ,see ,portrait and ,photograph4 ,fr4 le tableau2 ,ger4 das ,bild4 ,pie4 ,sign ,bread1 ,round 7i4e41 with right ,g1 indicate a horizontal circle of proper size71 and ,sweet4 ,then sidewise slide the flat right exactly over the flat left1 both with palms up4 ,a description1 rather than a sign4 ,fr4 le pt1 la tarte2 ,ger4 die ,pastete4 ,piece4 ,see ,little of4 ,pig4 ,see ,hog4 ,illustration ,pipe4 ,hold out right ,g breast high1 back down1 with index curled up1 pointing forward2 jerk it forward once or twice4 ,fr4 le pipe2 ,ger4 die ,pfeife4 ,pistol4 ,see ,gun4 ,illustration ,pity or ,mercy on another 7,cry or shed tears for you74 ,hold ,g hands1 palms downward1 index fingers up1 in front of and near heart1 few inches apart1 equally advance and same height2 move the hands outward and slightly downward1 or toward person4 ,compare ,cry4 ,fr4 avoir piti de quelqu' un2 ,ger4 jemanden bemitleiden4 ,pity or ,have mercy on me 7,cry for me74 ,hold ,g hands well out in front of body1 as described above1 but with backs out2 bring them toward body1 slightly raising them4 ,fr4 plaignez-moi1 ayez piti de moi6 ,ger4 haben ,sie ,mitleid mit mir6 ,illustration ,place or ,put 7,verb74 ,hold out flat left1 back up2 swing compressed right over onto it1 then open the right a little4 ,sometimes omit flat left1 or use instead compressed left hand held points up4 ,compare ,bet4 ,fr4 mettre2 ,ger4 stellen1 legen1 setzen4 ,place 7,noun74 ,with right ,g pointing down1 indicate a large circle on the ground4 7,a ,pai-ute sign given by ,mallery p4 #ejj1 also a popular sign47 ,fr4 la place2 ,ger4 der ,ort1 die ,stelle4 ,illustration ,plant or ,planting4 ,with right fingers and thumb1 open as though to drop a seed1 then closed and moved on to drop another farther1 and another1 all in the same row4 ,compare ,animal and ,jump4 ,see ,sow4 ,fr4 planter2 ,ger4 pflanzen4 ,play or ,recreation4 ,hold up both slightly curved #e hands1 points up and forward1 palm to palm1 about eight inches apart4 ,swing them from side to side together1 rotating them so the palms are once to front1 once to back on each swing4 ,compare ,dance and ,children4 ,fr4 le jeu2 ,ger4 das ,spiel4 ,illustration ,playing or ,fooling4 ,hold out in front of shoulder the slightly curved #e hand1 palm up2 rotate slightly by wrist action4 ,see ,joke and ,laugh4 ,fr4 jouer2 ,ger4 das ,spielen4 ,illustration ,plenty 7,many1 piled up74 ,push forward with both #e hands1 palms first1 three times 7i4e41 sign ,many72 then raise the hands very high1 palms forward and down4 7,sheeaka47 ,or sign ,heap or ,full4 ,compare ,many4 ,fr4 l'abondance2 ,ger4 die ,flle4 ,ploughing4 ,hold both fists forward as though holding plough1 elbows high2 and push forward4 ,also used for cultivation in general4 ,fr4 le labourage1 labourer2 ,ger4 das ,pflgen4 ,poison-ivy 7,vine1 nibbler74 ,sign ,vine2 that is1 hold left forearm upright1 as in ,tree1 and with right ,g finger trace a climbing ,vine about it2 then with thumb and first two fingers of right hand1 scratch on edge of flat left1 held out back up4 ,fr4 le toxicodendron2 ,ger4 der ,giftefeu1 der ,giftsumach4 ,polecat4 ,see ,skunk4 ,illustration ,policeman or ,constable4 ,place the curved right index and thumb1 little finger out1 against left coat lapel4 ,compare ,medal1 ,brand1 and ,name4 ,fr4 le sergent de ville2 ,ger4 der ,schutzmann4 ,police-station4 ,sign ,policeman and ,house4 ,fr4 le poste de police2 ,ger4 das ,polizeibureau4 ,ponder4 ,see ,consider4 ,illustration ,poor in property 7,scraped bare74 ,with right ,g finger scrape down the left ,g finger held up1 from tip to base1 several times4 ,compare ,indian ,apache1 and ,shame4 ,fr4 pauvre2 ,ger4 arm4 ,poor in flesh4 ,see ,thin4 ,illustration ,porcupine 7,prickly hair74 ,sign ,hair2 then with tips of right #e hand strike or prick the left palm1 held facing the right4 ,fr4 le porc-pic2 ,ger4 das ,stachelschwein4 ,portrait4 ,hold up the flat left hand1 back forward1 as though it were a ,mirror1 then sketch on the same with an imaginary pencil1 add ,face and indicate the person4 ,see ,photograph and ,picture4 ,fr4 le portrait2 ,ger4 das ,bild7nis74 ,positive of adjectives4 ,see ,comparative4 ,illustration ,possesses1 ,possession1 ,yours1 ,his own1 ,belonging to1 etc4 7,held in the hand47 ,hold right ,a hand1 back to right1 in front of the neck1 or even the forehead1 and a few inches from it4 ,swing it forward and down so the thumb is pointing straight forward4 ,fr4 possder2 ,ger4 besitzen4 ,potato4 ,curved #e right hand held as low as possible1 back down4 ,fr4 la pomme de terre2 ,ger4 die ,kartoffel4 ,pour4 ,hold out the left ,o hand1 back to left1 and pour into it with the right ,o hand4 ,fr4 verser2 ,ger4 gieszen4 ,illustration ,powder4 ,hold out left hand1 palm up2 just above it1 rub thumb and finger tips of right4 ,or commonly omit left hand4 ,compare ,dust4 ,fr4 la poudre2 ,ger4 das ,pulver1 der ,puder4 ,power4 ,see ,can4 ,illustration ,prairie1 ,smooth land1 ,flat1 or ,level 7,level wide74 ,flat hands side by side1 palms up2 then slowly wide spread on same plane4 ,in conversation1 usually but one hand is used4 ,compare ,free and ,broad4 ,fr4 la prairie1 la plaine2 ,ger4 die ,prrie1 die grosze ,ebene4 ,prairie-chicken4 ,see ,grouse4 ,prairie-dog4 ,sign ,mound1 ,hole2 then push right ,g up through hole and add ,talk4 ,fr4 la marmotte de la prairie2 ,ger4 der ,prriehund4 ,praise4 ,see ,applause4 ,illustration ,pray4 ,lay the flat hands palm to palm1 point them to the sky1 then draw down toward self2 repeat4 7,sheeaka47 ,pray4 ,look up1 sign ,talk 7,no4 #a47 straight4 ,fr4 prier2 ,ger4 beten4 ,present 7,time74 ,same as ,now4 ,pretty4 ,see ,beautiful4 ,illustration ,pride1 ,proud1 or ,vain4 ,draw the flat hand1 palm down1 over face to breast2 throw back head1 look up and add ,good4 7,blackfoot47 ,this is their sign for ,beautiful with the addition of the head thrown back4 ,or sign ,he1 ,think1 ,he1 ,big ,chief4 ,see ,conceit4 ,fr4 la fiert1 fier2 ,ger4 der ,stolz1 stolz4 ,priest4 ,sign ,robe and ,black4 ,fr4 le prtre2 ,ger4 der ,priester4 ,print4 ,push the back of right flat curved hand slowly and firmly against the palm of the left curved ditto1 as in ,picture1 only several times4 ,compare ,quandary1 ,approach1 ,photograph etc4 ,illustration ,prison 7,house of bars74 ,sign for ,house1 then hold #d hands up1 side by side for prison bars4 ,add ,man and ,look through4 ,prison4 ,sign ,prisoner and ,house4 ,fr4 la prison2 ,ger4 das ,gefngnis4 ,illustration ,prisoner 7,arrested74 ,clinch the fists and cross the wrists as though bound1 and press down a little4 ,fr4 le prisonnier2 ,ger4 der ,gefangene4 ,private4 ,see ,secret4 ,produce and ,product4 ,see ,result4 ,illustration ,prominent or ,conspicuous 7,stands on a hill74 ,sign ,hill up high1 then lay right ,g against it1 pointing up1 palm to self1 back of right against left hand4 ,see ,famous4 ,fr4 minent2 ,ger4 hervorragend4 ,promise 7,word bound74 ,place the forefinger of right ,g perpendicularly against mouth2 bring down fist and1 parallel with it1 the other fist1 thumbs up2 strike both down together twice4 7,sheeaka47 ,also see ,word of ,honor1 or ,cross my ,heart4 ,promise4 ,sign ,talk 7i4e41 ,word71 ,give4 ,illustration ,promise1 ,sworn 7,i swear74 ,tap the chest with tips of flat right hand1 then raise it1 palm forward1 and add ,talk4 7,sheeaka47 ,compare ,oath4 ,fr4 la promesse1 promettre2 ,ger4 das ,versprechen1 versprechen4 ,proof or ,prove4 ,see ,show4 ,propose4 ,see ,offer4 ,protect4 ,see ,defend4 ,fr4 protger2 ,ger4 beschtzen4 ,push4 ,the same as ,begin1 which see4 ,fr4 pousser2 ,ger4 schieben4 ,put4 ,see ,place4 ,q ,quality4 ,see ,rank4 ,illustration ,quandary1 ,in a fix1 ,run against1 or ,up against it4 ,hold out the curved left hand nearly at arm's length1 back forward2 push the ditto right from near the breast right out briskly and hard against the left4 ,sometimes use ,against4 ,compare ,approach1 which is similar1 but is slow1 and right does not touch2 also1 ,print1 which pushes and is repeated4 ,fr4 l'embarras2 ,ger4 die ,verlegenheit4 ,quarter 7,but one of four74 ,hold up the left #d hand1 back out2 then with the right ,g turn the little finger down on the palm4 ,sometimes sign ,half1 then again half of the tip portion4 ,fr4 le quart2 ,ger4 das ,viertel4 ,illustration ,quarrel 7,two persons springing at each other74 ,hold up both ,g hands and alternately jerk left at right and right at left4 ,fr4 la querelle2 ,ger4 der ,streit4 ,quench4 ,fire and ,wipe out4 ,fr4 teindre2 ,ger4 lschen4 ,illustration ,question1 ,query1 ,interrogation1 ,i am asking you a question1 ,i want to know1 usually equivalent to 8,is that you80 7,groping or uncertain47 ,hold up the right hand toward the person1 palm down and forward1 fingers and thumb open1 spread1 but a little curved2 by wrist action1 swing the hand in small vertical semicircles4 ,the diagram below the illustration indicates the finger tips seen from in front4 ,the motion shown for the little finger is1 of course1 shared by all4 ,this is a very important and much-used sign2 it appears before all questions4 ,if the person is quite distant1 hold the hand higher1 more spread1 and wave it several times to right and left4 ,when very near1 merely raise the eyebrows4 ,for long distance1 raise both arms like ,y with hands flat and waved a little4 7,crow47 ,see ,consider4 ,fr4 l'interrogation2 ,ger4 die ,frage4 ,the following are needed in asking questions3 ,how8 ,sign ,question and ,work and ,way4 ,fr4 comment82 ,ger4 wie8 ,illustration ,how many8 or ,how much8 ,sign ,question2 next hold the left hand open1 curved1 palm up1 fingers spread2 then with right ,g digit1 quickly tap each finger on left in succession1 closing it back toward the left palm1 beginning with the little finger4 ,fr4 combien82 ,ger4 wie viele8 ,illustration ,what8 7,as in 8,what are you doing80 8,what is it807 ,sign ,question2 follow with the same sign much exaggerated2 that is1 with the arm action1 swing the right #e hand1 palm under1 fingers slightly bent and separated and pointing forward1 in an arc of about a foot from right over to left and back once or twice4 ,the ,cheyennes in general use this1 though they denied it when questioned4 ,but it seems a good logical sign1 the large arc being equivalent to 8object40 ,fr4 quoi8 que82 ,ger4 was8 ,illustration ,when8 ,if seeking a definite answer as to length of time1 make signs for ,question1 ,how many8 and then specify time by sign for hours1 days1 etc4 ,if asking in general ,when8 sign ,question and ,time4 ,when8 ,if asking for an exact date or point hold up the left ,g1 make a circle around its tip with right ,g1 which always points at it4 ,on reaching the starting point1 the right ,g stops1 touches the tip of left ,g4 7,sioux1 given by ,sheeaka47 ,this probably represents the shadow going around the tree4 ,see ,time4 ,fr4 quand82 ,ger4 wann8 ,whence8 ,strike to left with right ,g1 back up1 then over to right a foot away1 then back and again2 point to the person and sign ,come4 ,usually it needs no ,question4 ,fr4 d'o82 ,ger4 woher8 ,illustration ,where8 or ,whither8 7,what direction874 ,sign ,question2 then with forefinger sweep the horizon in a succession of bounds1 a slight pause at the bottom of each1 the head following the finger4 7,sioux and ,arapahoe47 ,the actual line of the finger is illustrated in the lower plan1 the hand being gracefully rotated on the wrist in doing it4 ,or sign ,question and ,somewhere4 ,where8 ,sign ,question and ,look4 ,where8 7,in an abstract sense74 ,extend the open hands1 palm up1 from the sides out low to the front1 and swing them from side to side with a look of inquiry on the face4 7,pop47 ,fr4 o82 ,ger4 wo8 wohin8 ,illustration ,which8 7,when the objects are in sight74 ,sign ,question and point with right ,g in three or four directions1 downward or toward the objects in question4 ,illustration ,which8 7,when the objects are not in sight74 ,sign ,question2 then hold left hand in front of you1 with palm toward you1 fingers to right and held apart2 place the end of the right forefinger on that of the left forefinger and then draw it down across the other fingers4 ,fr4 quel1 lequel82 ,ger4 welcher8 ,whither8 ,sign ,question and ,go1 in two or three directions4 ,fr4 o82 ,ger4 wohin8 ,who8 ,sign ,question and ,man4 ,fr4 qui82 ,ger4 wer8 ,why8 ,sign ,question1 but do it very slowly4 7,c7 ,why8 ,sign ,question and ,want4 ,fr4 pourquoi82 ,ger4 warum8 ,quick4 ,see ,fast and ,hurry4 ,illustration ,quiet1 be1 ,be not alarmed1 ,have patience4 ,the palm of the flat hand held toward the person and gently depressed once or twice4 ,see ,easy4 ,fr4 soyez tranquille2 ,ger4 beruhigen ,sie sich4 ,quiet1 be4 ,see ,silence4 ,quit4 ,see ,give up2 also ,finish4 ,r ,illustration ,rabbit4 ,move the ,m hand straight to the front1 back up and undulating on the wrist1 to imitate the rabbit hopping forward2 then make ,v right hand and turn it to look back4 7,scott47 ,the ,cheyennes omit the second part of this4 ,fr4 le lapin2 ,ger4 der ,hase4 ,raccoon or ,coon4 ,draw the ,v hand horizontally across the face and nose4 ,if necessary1 also indicate ,size and striped tail4 ,fr4 le raton2 ,ger4 der ,waschbr4 ,illustration ,race4 ,move the index fingers forward and up1 side by side1 as in ,equal2 but keep them moving a long way forward and upward4 ,compare ,parallel1 ,marry4 ,fr4 la course1 le concours2 ,ger4 das ,wettrennen1 der ,wettlauf4 ,rags1 ,in rags4 ,touch ,coat1 add ,old2 then hold left #e slightly curved1 back up and use ditto right as though to comb out the fingers of left1 once or twice4 ,fr4 les guenilles1 en loques2 ,ger4 die ,lumpen1 zerlumpt4 ,railroad train or ,cars4 ,sign ,fire twice upward for puffs1 then add ,fast4 ,compare ,motor car4 ,fr4 le train de chemin de fer2 ,ger4 der ,eisenbahnzug4 ,illustration ,railroad4 ,indicate ,train as above2 then push the right ,g finger quickly along the back of the left ,v hand and on beyond4 7,sheeaka47 ,railroad4 ,sign ,road2 then with the two ,g hands1 backs up1 indicate rails as in ,parallel4 ,railroad4 ,sign ,hard 7i4e41 metal72 then hold out two ,g fingers1 backs up1 six inches apart1 and push both together far forward and a little up4 ,fr4 le chemin de fer2 ,ger4 die ,eisenbahn4 ,railroad ,station4 ,make the signs of ,railway and ,house2 adding1 if necessary1 ,alight and ,aboard4 ,fr4 la gare2 ,ger4 der ,bahnhof4 ,illustration ,rain 7,falling from clouds74 ,hold ,a hands1 backs up1 opposite forehead1 near each other2 lower them slightly1 mostly by wrist action2 at the same time open and separate fingers and thumb so they point downward2 repeat4 ,fr4 la pluie2 ,ger4 der ,regen4 ,illustration ,rainbow4 ,sign ,rain then indicate the arch with a slow sweep of the flat right hand1 back up1 high above head4 ,fr4 l'arc-en-ciel2 ,ger4 der ,regenbogen4 ,rank or ,quality 7,of a soldier47 ,with the right ,g1 indicate stripes on left arm1 or else touch each shoulder for epaulets4 ,rank or ,quality4 ,sign ,chief2 then lay upright right ,g1 palm forward1 against back of left ditto1 as in ,rising man1 sliding the right up and down to various heights4 ,fr4 le rang2 ,ger4 der ,rang1 die ,wrde4 ,rank1 ,what is his8 ,sign ,chief1 ,big2 ,chief1 ,little2 ,question4 ,sometimes omit ,chief1 ,little4 ,fr4 quel rang-a-t-il82 ,ger4 ,welchen ,rang bekleidet er8 ,rapid4 ,see ,fast4 ,illustration ,rapids4 ,sign ,river1 ,rock2 and pass the right #e hand1 back up1 points first1 swiftly forward and down1 in an up and down waved course4 ,fr4 le rapide2 ,ger4 die ,stromschnelle4 ,illustration ,rash 7,going forward blind74 ,hold left hand on eyes and point right ,g index forward1 moving it to front4 ,fr4 imprudent2 ,ger4 unvorsichtig1 verwegen4 ,rattlesnake4 ,sign ,snake1 then hold right ,g finger1 pointing up1 near shoulder1 and shake it4 ,fr4 le serpent sonnettes2 ,ger4 die ,klapperschlange4 ,reach4 ,arrive there4 ,illustration ,ready1 ,orderly1 or ,arranged4 ,extend the open hands1 palm to palm1 a few inches apart1 pointing outward and parallel to each other1 over toward the left side2 lift them both together from the wrists1 move toward the right a little and let them come down again2 repeat the motion until by stages the hands have been moved over to the right side4 7,d7 ,ready4 ,sign ,all1 ,good2 or use ,arranged1 or combine them into ,arranged1 ,all1 ,good4 ,see ,arranged4 ,fr4 prt2 ,ger4 bereit1 fertig4 ,recall to memory4 ,see ,bring back4 ,receive4 ,hold out hollow right hand1 palm up1 half open2 draw it back1 slightly closing fingers4 ,compare ,give to me4 ,fr4 recevoir2 ,ger4 erhalten4 ,illustration ,recover1 ,get well1 ,get all right again1 ,revive1 or ,save4 ,hold right ,g hand1 back up1 in front of breast1 pointing to left and front2 raise the hand with a graceful sweep1 at same time turn it back to front and index pointing upward4 ,the actual course of the index tip1 if seen from above1 is as in the dotted line under the hand4 ,if one is near death by disease1 this may be used to denote recovery2 if in great danger1 this would mean escaped4 ,fr4 se porter mieux1 se rtablir2 ,ger4 sich erholen4 ,recreation4 ,see ,play4 ,reduce4 ,see ,decrease4 ,reflect4 ,see ,idea and ,consider4 ,refuse4 ,see ,won't4 ,religion4 ,sign ,medicine and ,way4 ,fr4 la religion2 ,ger4 die ,religion4 ,remain4 ,see ,sit4 ,illustration ,remember4 ,sign ,heart1 ,know4 ,or1 in popular code1 touch the forehead with right ,g1 raise the brows and nod4 ,remember1 ,i2 or ,understand4 ,hold right ,g index upright and grasp it firmly with left hand1 face high4 ,fr4 je me souviens2 ,ger4 ich erinnere mich4 ,illustration ,remember not 7,it slips from my grasp74 ,as above1 but let the right ,g index slip down and out4 ,see ,forget4 ,fr4 je ne me souviens pas2 ,ger4 ich erinnere mich nicht4 ,remembering4 ,see ,memories4 ,illustration ,repeat1 ,again1 or ,back4 ,place the finger tips of the compressed right hand on the left palm1 as the latter is held in front of the body1 back down1 and strike once or twice4 7,sheeaka4 ,probably borrowed from ,deaf47 ,compare ,once1 ,twice1 ,often1 and ,more4 ,repeat4 ,hold up right ,g1 chin high1 back up1 pointing to left and forward2 lash down with it like a whip twice or more as best fits in4 ,sometimes sign ,come back4 ,compare ,all the time4 ,fr4 rpter2 ,ger4 wiederholen4 ,reply4 ,see ,answer4 ,request4 ,see ,beg4 ,resemble4 ,see ,alike4 ,respond4 ,see ,answer4 ,responsible4 ,sign ,i 7or whoever it is71 ,do1 ,that ,or ,my 7or ,his7 ,way4 7,seger47 ,sign ,carry and ,that 7,suggested47 ,fr4 responsable2 ,ger4 verantwortlich4 ,restaurant or ,hotel4 ,sign for ,house and ,eat4 ,fr4 le restaurant1 l'htel2 ,ger4 das ,restaurant1 das ,hotel4 ,restrain or ,prevent4 ,sign ,hold and ,keep quiet4 ,sometimes use ,do not4 ,fr4 rprimer1 empcher2 ,ger4 zurckhalten1 verhindern4 ,result4 ,sign ,after1 ,work1 ,see4 ,fr4 le rsultat2 ,ger4 das ,ergebnis1 die ,folge4 ,retreat 7,of many74 ,sign ,charge1 then reverse and withdraw the hands4 ,retreat 7,of one74 ,sign ,going1 then turn the ,g hand palm toward you and draw it back with similar action4 7,understood2 not established47 ,fr4 la retraite2 ,ger4 der ,rckzug4 ,reverie4 ,bow the head1 resting the mouth on the ,a fist4 ,compare ,memories4 ,fr4 la rverie2 ,ger4 die ,trumerei4 ,revile4 ,see ,blackguarding4 ,revive4 ,see ,recover4 ,revolver4 ,sign for drawing from belt behind and present the same1 using right ,g hand1 back to right4 ,add ,fire-off1 if need be4 ,see ,gun4 ,fr4 le pistolet1 le revolver2 ,ger4 der ,revolver4 ,rich4 ,sign ,possesses1 ,heap1 ,money4 ,fr4 riche2 ,ger4 reich4 ,illustration ,ride 7,to ride an animal74 ,hold the hands as in ,horse1 and then move the hands to the front on short vertical curves4 ,fr4 aller cheval2 ,ger4 reiten4 ,illustration ,ridge 7,of hills74 ,hold the ,a hands touching1 thumbs toward face and upright2 draw them apart a foot4 ,compare ,soldiers and ,hill4 ,illustration ,ridge4 ,sign ,hill with right1 then hold #e out at arm's length1 face high1 flat1 and bent1 so the fingers point to the left2 swing it slowly horizontally across to the right4 ,this last seems to mean 8lying across the horizon0 and appears in several combinations4 ,see ,mirage4 ,fr4 la crte2 ,ger4 der ,kamm4 ,rifle4 ,see ,gun4 ,right4 ,see ,good4 ,rill4 ,see ,creek4 ,ring 7,for finger74 ,hold up left #e hand2 then with right index and thumb make as though slipping a ring on the ring finger4 ,fr4 la bague2 ,ger4 der ,ring4 ,illustration ,rising man1 or ,coming man 7,man rising to stand on a hill74 ,hold up left as in ,hill2 lay right ,g behind or beside it1 against the thumb1 palm forward1 pointing up2 push right up until the base of the index is sitting on top of the left2 that is1 becomes ,prominent4 ,see ,prominent and ,famous4 ,fr4 l'homme qui arrivera2 ,ger4 der ,mann der ,zukunft4 ,illustration ,river1 ,big stream1 or ,running water4 ,sign ,water then with tremulous movement draw flat right #d hand1 palm down1 from opposite left breast to opposite right2 fingers always level and pointing to left4 ,compare ,creek and ,rill4 ,fr4 la rivire2 ,ger4 der ,flusz4 ,illustration ,road 7i4e41 ,highroad2 especially between high banks1 hills1 or fences74 ,holding the open hands1 palm to palm and pointing forward1 carry them forward1 as if they represented the sides of a road2 then add ,going by pushing the flat right hand forward in line between1 palm to left1 fingers level4 7,sheeaka47 ,or sign ,way and ,wagon4 ,fr4 le chemin1 la route2 ,ger4 der ,weg1 die ,landstrasse4 ,robe4 ,sign ,coat2 but instead of ending at waist1 sweep the hands as low as possible4 ,fr4 la robe2 ,ger4 das ,kleid1 die ,robe4 ,rock or ,stone4 ,sign ,hard and sometimes indicate shape4 ,for ,stone add ,lump4 ,compare ,metal4 ,fr4 la roche1 la pierre2 ,ger4 der ,fels1 der ,stein4 ,root4 ,first sign ,tree or ,grass1 as may be2 then point down1 place the #e hands together at the wrists1 backs up and level2 pointing left to front and left1 right to front and right2 then move them out and apart4 ,fr4 la racine2 ,ger4 die ,wurzel4 ,illustration ,rope 7,trailing after the horse and twisted74 ,sign ,after2 then1 as right is drawn to rear1 make tip of index describe a spiral curve4 ,commonly omit the left hand4 ,fr4 la corde2 ,ger4 das ,seil1 der ,strick4 ,illustration ,rose 7,flower74 ,hold the fingers of the left hand straight1 little separated1 arranged in a circle1 back to left and front2 in front of body1 index finger horizontal and pointing to right and front2 with right hand make as though picking berries from the left finger tips4 7,c7 ,fr4 la rose2 ,ger4 die ,rose4 ,rotten 7,meat74 ,indicate smell1 etc4 ,fr4 pourri2 ,ger4 faul1 verfault4 ,rub it out1 ,erase1 ,annul1 ,never mind1 ,as you were4 ,put middle finger of right hand to tongue1 then rub left palm and wipe the palm with under side of right forearm4 7,sheeaka4 ,a white man's sign now understood by ,indians47 ,or1 if afar1 simply shake the flat right hand quickly and vigorously from side to side as it is held palm forward in front of the face4 7,pop47 ,compare ,easy and ,erase4 ,fr4 effacer2 ,ger4 auswischen1 8,schwamm drber60 ,illustration ,rumor 7,a little flying thing74 ,with flat #e right hand1 palm down1 shoulder high1 swing out level from throat to right1 working all the fingers as in playing piano4 7,a ,paiute sign1 given me by ,mary ,austin47 ,a combination of ,wind and ,fly4 ,fr4 la rumeur2 ,ger4 das ,gercht4 ,run4 ,swing the fists at each side as in running4 ,fr4 courir2 ,ger4 laufen4 ,run against4 ,see ,quandary4 ,illustration ,run away1 ,slip away1 ,clear out1 ,sneak 7,run under cover74 ,hold out flat left hand1 palm down2 push right ,g hand under it quickly and sinuously4 ,sometimes preface it by laying one hand over the eyes4 ,compare ,jealous4 ,fr4 filer1 se sauver2 ,ger4 ausreiszen1 weglaufen4 ,running ,water4 ,see ,river4 ,s ,sacred4 ,see ,medicine4 ,sad4 ,see ,sorrow4 ,illustration ,saddle4 ,hold out both ,s hands1 palms up1 side by side 7sometimes inches apart71 about height of shoulders1 forearms vertical1 wrists bent so backs of hands are nearly down4 ,fr4 la selle2 ,ger4 der ,sattel4 ,safe4 ,see ,recover or ,alive4 ,sage ,brush 7,bunches74 ,with all finger tips together pointing up1 swing the hand to various places in front of right shoulder4 7,c7 ,compare ,peak and ,canoe4 ,illustration ,sage4 ,sign ,white1 ,good smell1 ,grass4 ,fr4 la plante aromatique de la prairie2 ,ger4 der ,prriebusch4 ,salt4 ,sign ,powder1 then the act of sprinkling with finger and thumb4 7,blackfoot47 ,touch the tongue cautiously with the right ,g4 ,compare ,sugar and ,pepper4 ,fr4 le sel2 ,ger4 das ,salz4 ,same4 ,see ,equal4 ,sanctuary1 to claim4 ,see ,bar up4 ,satisfied4 ,see ,contented4 ,save4 ,see ,recover1 also ,free4 ,save or ,except4 ,see ,but4 ,savey or ,sabe4 ,this word universal in the west is the same sign as ,know4 ,saw4 ,with lower edge of right1 thumb up1 saw across the upper edge of left wrist held out horizontally4 ,fr4 la scie2 ,ger4 die ,sge4 ,say4 ,see ,call4 ,scalp 7,to74 ,point to scalp1 make as though pulling it forward and sign ,cutting under4 ,the last two gestures being done out in front of the body4 ,fr4 scalper2 ,ger4 die ,kopfhaut abziehen4 ,scatter6 7,a command to scouts74 ,see ,go and ,scatter4 ,illustration ,scatter or ,sow 7,as seeds74 ,hold the closed hands1 backs up1 near each other and close to breast2 move right hand well to front and right1 left well to front and left2 that is1 widely separate the hands1 swinging each in a half-circle out1 so the palms are a little outward1 at the same time extending and separating fingers and thumbs4 7,c7 ,compare ,bad and ,scorn2 in these the hands are not moved apart4 ,scatter4 ,swing closed right to left1 there opening to #e so palm is to left and forward2 then same movement with hand opened to right1 each time in a graceful sweep4 ,the ,cheyennes say the above is ,throw away4 ,fr4 disperser1 semer2 ,ger4 ausstreuen1 sen4 ,schoolhouse4 ,sign ,house and ,writing2 usually preceded by ,children4 ,fr4 l'cole2 ,ger4 die ,schule4 ,illustration ,schoolteacher4 ,sign ,book and ,chief4 ,fr4 le matre d' cole2 ,ger4 der ,lehrer4 ,scold4 ,see ,abuse2 also ,fault-finding4 ,scorn4 ,turn the head away and with one hand throw an imaginary handful of sand toward the feet of the person4 ,this is the same as ,bad1 except for the turn of the head4 ,fr4 le mpris2 ,ger4 die ,verachtung4 ,illustration ,scout4 ,same as ,wolf1 but hold the hand near the right ear4 ,sometimes use ,advance ,guard1 which see4 ,the ,cheyennes sometimes sign it as ,wolf1 ,soldier4 ,fr4 le coureur 7d' arme72 ,ger4 der ,spher4 ,scout1 to4 ,sign ,wolf and ,look4 ,fr4 aller la dcouverte2 ,ger4 sphen4 ,illustration ,scout2 that is1 ,boy ,scout4 ,hold up the right hand with finger and thumb forming a ring1 other three fingers straight up4 7,pop47 ,fr4 le petit claireur2 ,ger4 der jugendliche ,pfadfinder4 ,scout2 of the highest degree4 ,add the sign ,wolf to the foregoing4 7,suggested47 ,illustration ,scout leader or ,patrol leader4 ,sign ,boy ,scout2 then lay the #d left hand on left side of head to indicate plume4 7,suggested47 ,scout1 ,tenderfoot4 ,make signs ,boy ,scout and ,small4 7,suggested47 ,sculptor4 ,right fist closed1 thumb held up straight and free1 then used as a trowel on an imaginary wall4 7,pop47 ,fr4 le sculpteur2 ,ger4 der ,bildhauer4 ,search me4 ,with a hand grasping each lapel1 spread open the coat4 7,pop47 ,fr4 examinez-moi2 ,ger4 was weisz ich8 7,pop47 ,seasons4 ,the four seasons are ,little ,grass 7,spring72 ,high ,grass 7,summer72 ,leaf ,fall 7,autumn72 and ,cold or ,snow 7,winter74 ,each is given in alphabetic place4 ,secret or ,private 7,talk under cover74 ,left hand flat1 horizontal1 near left cheek2 with right1 sign ,talk under it4 ,usually sign ,talk and ,hide4 ,fr4 le secret2 ,ger4 das ,geheimnis4 ,seek4 ,see ,hunt4 ,illustration ,see4 ,the fingers of ,v hand pointed forward 7as in ,look7 then advanced a little in the line of sight2 sometimes for extra point1 it is changed into ,g hand and pushed forward4 ,also compare ,hunt and ,lie1 ,look and ,find4 ,the difference between ,look and ,see is not observed by most ,indians2 but it is well to maintain it4 ,fr4 voir2 ,ger4 sehen4 ,see me4 ,point at one's own chin with the right ,v hand and touch breast4 ,fr4 voyez-moi2 ,ger4 sehen ,sie mich4 ,seem4 ,see ,appear4 ,illustration ,seize4 ,move the open hands forward2 grasp and draw back as though seizing some object4 ,fr4 saisir2 ,ger4 ergreifen4 ,select4 ,see ,choose4 ,sell4 ,see ,trade4 ,on the ,stock ,exchange1 the clenched fist thrown forward and down means ,sell4 ,probably in imitation of the auctioneer's hammer4 ,see ,kill4 ,sell1 ,sold or ,bought i4e41 ,marketed4 ,on middle of side of left ,g held out1 tap two or three times with middle side of right ,g4 ,this is also used for ,buy1 which see for illustration4 ,it is supposed to have had origin in an old gambling game4 ,see ,trade4 ,fr4 vendre2 ,ger4 verkaufen4 ,illustration ,send 7,command and ,go74 ,hold the right ,a near the breast2 swing it out1 up and down a foot2 then swing the right ,g higher and farther4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 envoyer2 ,ger4 senden1 schicken4 ,illustration ,separate or ,apart4 ,lay the ,g fingers side by side1 backs up2 spring them apart1 widest at tips1 moving them forward and out4 ,fr4 sparer2 ,ger4 trennen4 ,several4 ,extend the fingers of the right ,a hand1 one at a time1 beginning with the index4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 plusieurs2 ,ger4 mehrere4 ,illustration ,sew4 ,hold flat left hand index edge up1 thumb level with index2 move right ,g hand index with extended thumb1 across left index once or twice as in sewing2 each time nearer the body and each time turning the right index nail down1 as it is moved forward4 ,compare ,awl4 ,fr4 coudre2 ,ger4 nhen4 ,shade4 ,sign ,sun1 ,not4 ,shadow 7,of a person74 ,indicate the person2 then sign ,going1 ,there by me1 ,same4 ,there by me is indicated by pointing to the ground on the left side with right ,g4 ,fr4 l'ombre2 ,ger4 der ,schatten4 ,shall4 ,see ,will4 ,shaman4 ,see ,medicine-man4 ,shame 7,on you74 7,the finger of scorn made sharper47 ,point left index at person1 all others closed2 and with right index similarly held1 rub it on back of left index from middle to tip and beyond4 7,pop47 ,see ,ashamed4 ,in ,france the idea is conveyed by the ,horns4 ,see ,evil ,eye4 ,fr4 fi6 fi donc6 7,pop472 ,ger4 ,schme dich6 ,illustration ,sharp or ,keen4 ,hold out flat right hand1 palm up2 touch little finger edge lightly with ball of left thumb and add ,good4 ,for ,sharp points see ,porcupine4 ,fr4 affl2 ,ger4 scharf4 ,shave4 ,use the flat right hand as a razor1 palm to right1 points up1 little finger next right cheek as the edge2 move it toward the right ear4 ,fr4 7se7 raser2 ,ger4 7sich7 rasieren4 ,shawl4 ,sign ,blanket and ,fringe4 ,for ,fringe1 hold out the left #e hand points forward1 level2 then push the similar right over it forward several times4 ,fr4 le chle2 ,ger4 der ,schal4 ,she4 ,sign ,female and point with ,g finger at the person4 ,fr4 elle2 ,ger4 sie4 ,illustration ,sheep1 ,mountain1 or ,bighorn4 ,with compressed hands above each eye1 pointed backward1 trace the sweep of horns1 ending below ears1 with points turned forward4 ,fr4 le mouton sauvage2 ,ger4 das amerikanische ,groszhornschaf4 ,sheep1 ,common4 ,sign ,bighorn and ,white ,man4 ,fr4 le mouton2 ,ger4 das ,schaf4 ,shell4 ,hold the curved hands side by side1 close and open them on the under side1 as though hinged on top4 ,compare ,boat1 ,book1 ,bowl1 and ,open4 ,fr4 la coquille2 ,ger4 die ,muschelschale4 ,shield 7,noun74 ,with both ,l hands a little apart1 index fingers pointed down1 make a large incomplete circle to left of left breast4 ,see ,protect4 ,fr4 le bouclier2 ,ger4 der ,schild4 ,illustration ,shine1 ,shimmer1 or ,glitter4 ,hold out the curved right #e hand1 palm down2 lower it slightly1 shaking it quickly sidewise4 ,compare ,snow1 ,glitter1 and ,easy4 ,fr4 briller1 tinceler2 ,ger4 scheinen1 glnzen4 ,illustration ,ship4 ,raise and spread thumb and two first fingers to be masts1 others closed2 then push the hand forward slowly in a rising and falling line4 7,deaf sign for ,sailing ,ship4 ,for ,indian sign see ,boat1 ,big47 ,fr4 le navire2 ,ger4 das ,schiff4 ,shoe4 ,sign ,moccasin1 ,white ,man4 ,fr4 le soulier2 ,ger4 der ,schuh4 ,shoot 7,a gun74 ,see ,fire4 ,shoot 7,an arrow74 ,sign ,bow1 then snap the index fingers out straight4 ,to add ,hit with an arrow1 hold up the flat left and thrust the right ,g through it4 ,fr4 lancer 7une flche72 ,ger4 schieszen4 ,shop4 ,see ,store4 ,short4 ,for things which grow1 hold the flat hand back forward1 fingers pointing up at desired height4 ,for things which do not grow1 use the flat hand1 palm down2 or else1 both flat hands side by side1 palm to palm4 ,the same as ,low4 ,fr4 court2 ,ger4 kurz4 ,shot-gun4 ,see ,gun4 ,shout4 ,see ,yell4 ,show1 ,prove1 ,proof1 or ,behold4 ,raise flat left hand1 palm forward4 ,lay index of right ,g on it and turn the two about1 pushing them forward as though to show something4 7,sheeaka4 ,borrowed from the ,deaf47 ,show1 ,prove1 ,proof1 or ,behold4 ,hold out the flat left1 palm up1 pointing forward and down4 ,point to the person in question with right ,g1 then at left palm with right ,v4 ,fr4 montrer2 ,ger4 zeigen4 ,illustration ,sick1 ,suffering1 ,sick one1 or ,invalid 7,throbbing74 ,hold flat hands out near breast2 move the hands quickly outward and back several times4 ,compare ,lungs4 ,fr4 malade2 ,ger4 krank4 ,side by ,side4 ,see ,parallel4 ,sign ,language1 ,to talk in ,sign ,language4 ,touch the back of left hand with tip of right1 the back of right with tip of left and add ,talk4 7,c7 ,fr4 le langage des signes2 ,ger4 die ,gebrdensprache4 ,illustration ,silence1 ,silent1 or ,hush4 ,lay the extended index1 pointing upward1 over the mouth4 ,in the more vigorous form of ,shut up1 lay the flat hand on the mouth 7recent74 ,fr4 silence6 taisez-vous62 ,ger4 schweigen6 still6 ,silly4 ,see ,foolish4 ,silver4 ,sign ,money and ,white4 ,fr4 l'argent2 ,ger4 das ,silbergeld4 ,sin or ,badness4 ,same as ,bad4 ,see ,evil4 ,since4 ,see ,after4 ,illustration ,sing4 ,hold right ,v hand1 back to right1 in front of face2 finger tips a little higher than and close to mouth1 pointing nearly up4 ,move the hand briskly so finger tips describe a small horizontal circle4 ,compare ,lie and ,abuse4 ,fr4 chanter2 ,ger4 singen4 ,sioux4 ,see ,indian4 ,sister4 ,sign ,woman and ,brother4 ,fr4 la soeur2 ,ger4 die ,schwester4 ,sister-in-law4 ,sign ,brother-in-law and ,woman4 ,fr4 la belle-soeur2 ,ger4 die ,schwgerin4 ,illustration ,sit1 ,sit down1 or ,remain4 ,hold the right ,a hand in front of and a little lower than right shoulder1 back to right2 move the hand emphatically downward a few inches4 ,compare ,wait and ,aboard4 ,fr4 s'asseoir2 ,ger4 sitzen4 ,skin4 ,see ,hide4 ,skinny4 ,see ,lean4 ,illustration ,skunk or ,polecat4 ,indicate ,size and tail up2 that is1 curving ,g up1 palm forward2 move in gentle jerks forward1 and then add ,smell1 ,bad4 ,compare ,weasel4 ,fr4 la bte puante1 la mouffette2 ,ger4 das amerikanische ,stinktier4 ,sky4 ,see ,heavens4 ,sled or ,sleigh 7,the runners74 ,both ,g hands1 backs down1 #d inches apart2 index fingers curved and pushed forward4 ,the idea is helped by ,snow on ,ground4 ,fr4 le traineau2 ,ger4 der ,schlitten4 ,illustration ,sleep4 ,hold both flat hands1 backs up1 in front of breast1 same level2 swing both over to the left in an up and down curve1 in which the right 7only7 turns palm up2 the left continues back up2 then lower the head a little to right4 ,some finish with both palms up4 ,journeys are one sleep1 two sleeps1 etc41 on the ,plains4 ,fr4 le sommeil1 dormir2 ,ger4 der ,schlaf1 schlafen4 ,sleepy4 ,rub the eyes with the fists4 7,pop47 ,or yawn and lay the head on one side1 closing the eyes4 7,sheeaka47 ,both of these are understood by the ,cheyennes1 but they use ,want1 ,sleep4 ,fr4 avoir sommeil2 ,ger4 schlfrig4 ,illustration ,slow4 ,hold out the flat left hand1 palm to right2 ditto right hand opposite1 palm to left2 in slow jerks1 move the left hand forward2 at the same time1 jerk the right1 making the latter fall behind4 ,compare ,fast4 ,fr4 lent2 ,ger4 langsam4 ,illustration ,small1 ,few1 or ,crowded4 ,compress both hands so the fingers are straight1 but at an angle with the back of the hand2 hold them about eight inches apart1 backs out1 pointed up and forward1 right higher2 move them together till the right is over the left4 ,sometimes the ,cheyennes made this sign with the closed fists to mean ,few4 ,compare ,little4 ,fr4 peu2 ,ger4 wenig4 ,smaller1 to make4 ,see ,decrease4 ,smart4 ,see ,cunning4 ,illustration ,smell4 ,hold ,v hand1 back up1 fingers pointing to chin2 swing fingers up so the nose passes between them4 ,compare ,blood and ,brother4 ,place the palm close before the tip of the nose4 7,pop47 ,fr4 sentir2 ,ger4 riechen4 ,smell1 ,a bad smell1 or ,stink4 ,sign ,smell and hold the nostrils1 or sign ,bad4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 la mauvaise odeur1 la puanteur2 ,ger4 der ble ,geruch1 der ,gestank4 ,smell1 ,a good smell4 ,sign ,smell and ,good4 ,fr4 la bonne odeur2 ,ger4 der gute ,geruch1 der ,duft4 ,smoke4 ,for distant smoke1 like a signal-fire smoke1 make sign for ,fire and continue raising hand in a spiral till higher than head4 ,fr4 la fume2 ,ger4 der ,rauch4 ,illustration ,smoke a pipe 7,action of filling it74 ,hold up the left ,a1 thumb up1 tap on top two or three times with flat right1 then add ,pipe1 jerking it forward two or three times4 ,fr4 fumer 7une pipe72 ,ger4 rauchen 7eine ,pfeife74 ,smoke a cigarette4 ,put index and thumb to mouth as though holding a cigarette4 7,blackfoot47 ,illustration ,smooth or ,level4 ,rub the back of the flat left hand1 held palm down1 with whole palm of the flat right1 back and forth1 in long strokes4 ,sometimes use ,prairie4 ,compare ,indian and ,at4 ,fr4 lisse2 ,ger4 glatt4 ,smooth ,ground4 ,see ,prairie4 ,illustration ,snake 7,its motion74 ,hold the right ,h 7or sometimes ,g7 hand1 back to right1 waist high1 fingers pointing to front2 move it several inches to front in a sinuous line from side to side4 ,compare ,fish1 ,creek1 and ,rope4 ,fr4 le serpent2 ,ger4 die ,schlange4 ,sneak4 ,see ,run away4 ,illustration ,snow4 ,raise and spread both hands a foot apart1 backs up1 fingers curved2 then softly lower them in slow1 short zigzags4 ,for ,rain1 the lines down are straight4 ,years are commonly called ,snows or ,winters4 ,compare ,shimmer4 ,fr4 la neige2 ,ger4 der ,schnee4 ,illustration ,so1 ,just so 7,that's true74 ,swing the right ,g index from #de degree angle down to level2 then add ,straight1 swinging index up slightly at finish4 ,sometimes sign ,yes4 ,compare ,idea4 ,fr4 si1 prcisment cela2 ,ger4 so1 jawohl4 ,illustration ,so that2 ,in order that 7,so1 that74 ,strike down a foot with the right ,g in front of breast1 then strike it on the left flat hand held opposite left breast4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 de sorte que1 pour2 ,ger4 um1 damit4 ,soap4 ,rub the hands together as in washing them4 ,fr4 le savon2 ,ger4 die ,seife4 ,illustration ,soft or ,muddy ,ground 7,animal's legs going down74 ,form a horizontal half-circle of left index and thumb2 drop the right fist into it2 reverse the hands and repeat4 ,fr4 la terre molle1 la boue2 ,ger4 die weiche ,erde1 der ,schlamm4 ,soft1 in general4 ,sign ,hard and ,not4 ,fr4 mou2 ,ger4 weich4 ,soil4 ,see ,earth4 ,illustration ,soldiers 7,in a row1 spread out74 ,hold the flattened fists out in front1 side by side1 backs up so basal joints of the fingers are nearly level and the middle joints form a row2 then swing them apart4 ,in many whose fingers are stiff the row is made with the basal joints plumb1 as in the upper cut2 but the correct way is as below4 8,this represents the line of the ,indian soldiers that1 pending the order to charge1 held back the people in the buffalo hunt40 7,scott47 ,compare ,ridge1 ,done1 and ,fat4 ,fr4 les soldats2 ,ger4 die ,soldaten4 ,some 7,here and there one74 ,point with index finger downward and at some near spot on the ground1 then change to another farther off1 then to another4 7,scott47 ,fr4 quelques2 ,ger4 einige4 ,illustration ,some1 ,a part of4 ,hold out level flat left1 back forward and out2 lay flat right thumb up on left index near the tip2 then jerk it toward tip and beyond4 ,this is much like ,halve2 but the right is casually brushed along the edge of the left and at no time precisely placed4 ,fr4 du2 ,ger4 etwas4 ,illustration ,sometimes 7,different times74 ,sign ,time1 moving the hands apart in short jerks4 7,seger47 ,compare ,by and by4 ,fr4 quelquefois2 ,ger4 zuweilen4 ,illustration ,somewhere4 ,hold right ,g up near right shoulder2 swing it in a curve up and down to opposite left shoulder and back4 ,also used in the question ,where8 ,fr4 quelque part2 ,ger4 irgendwo7hin74 ,son4 ,sign ,born and ,male4 ,fr4 le fils2 ,ger4 der ,sohn4 ,song or ,poem 7,written singing74 ,sign for ,sing and ,write4 ,fr4 la chanson2 ,ger4 das ,lied4 ,illustration ,soon or ,early4 ,sign ,time1 then stop with the fingers an inch apart4 ,compare ,sometimes1 ,time1 ,by and by1 ,close4 ,illustration ,sorrow1 ,distress1 ,discouraged1 ,down-hearted1 ,sadness1 or ,sad 7,heart on the ground74 ,lay the right compressed hand on the heart1 pointing down2 then throw it forward and down1 ending the sign with the flat hand very low1 palm up1 near the ground4 ,fr4 le chagrin1 la douleur2 ,ger4 das ,leid4 ,illustration ,sorry 7,it grinds my heart74 ,rub the fist on heart in circle two or three times4 7,blackfoot47 ,this is less strong than ,sorrow and is used as a polite expression of interest1 equivalent to 8,what a pity40 7,eastman47 ,see also ,trouble4 ,fr4 j'en suis fch2 ,ger4 leid tun1 es thut mir leid4 ,soul4 ,see ,spirit4 ,sour4 ,see ,bitter4 ,sow4 ,see ,sew4 ,sow ,seeds4 ,see ,scatter4 ,spark4 ,see ,fire4 ,speak4 ,see ,talk4 ,spear4 ,make as though thrusting a spear with both hands4 ,fr4 la lance2 ,ger4 der ,speer4 ,illustration ,speech1 ,message1 or ,talk4 ,that is1 a long talk1 as at council1 by oneself4 7,handing out words47 ,hold the flat right hand1 back down1 pointing to left1 at lower lip and swing it forward several times4 ,compare ,discussion and ,talk4 ,fr4 la harangue2 ,ger4 die ,rede4 ,speech to me or ,tell me4 ,speech by another addressed to oneself is the same as the preceding1 but swing the right hand in toward the chin instead of out4 ,compare ,drink1 ,water1 ,discussion1 and ,talk4 ,spell1 that is1 ,spell it4 ,make writing in the air1 then sign ,talk4 ,fr4 crivez le2 ,ger4 buchstabieren ,sie es4 ,illustration ,spider4 ,hold the palm of the right hand about one and a half inches from a flat surface2 spread the fingers and thumb and work them like legs2 the hand represents the body4 7,scott47 ,compare ,bunch and ,herd4 ,fr4 l'araigne2 ,ger4 die ,spinne4 ,spirit or ,petrole 7,water of strong power74 ,there is no established sign2 but ,sheeaka understood this combination3 ,water and ,strong4 ,a ,cheyenne gave it ,lantern1 ,different1 ,strong1 ,pour4 ,fr4 l'essence1 le ptrole2 ,ger4 das ,benzin4 ,splendor4 ,see ,glow4 ,spoon4 ,use the cupped right hand as a spoon4 ,fr4 la cuiller2 ,ger4 der ,lffel4 ,illustration ,spotted4 ,hold out the level left arm and with right curved #e hand finger tips tap the left arm at various places on the inside1 from the wrist up1 as though flecking it with the tip of a brush1 at both up and down strokes4 ,compare ,striped4 ,fr4 tachet2 ,ger4 getupfelt4 ,illustration ,spring 7,water coming up and spreading74 ,make the sign for ,water1 then a large horizontal circle with ,l hands 7as in ,hole72 then push the right compressed hand up through the left ,l hand and1 as it comes up1 extend the fingers with a slight snap to represent the bubbling water4 ,fr4 la source2 ,ger4 die ,quelle4 ,spring 7,little grass time74 ,sign ,grass and ,short4 ,add ,time if there is doubt4 ,show longer grass for ,june1 etc4 ,fr4 le printemps2 ,ger4 der ,frhling4 ,squeeze4 ,see ,few4 ,illustration ,squirrel4 ,hold both compressed hands near the mouth and give a quick motion of the lips4 7,ruggles47 ,or sign ,tree with left hand1 then with compressed right hand as in ,animal indicate running up and around4 ,fr4 l'cureuil2 ,ger4 das ,eichhrnchen4 ,squirrel1 ,flying4 ,sign ,squirrel1 ,fly2 and then with right hand flat1 palm down1 simulate flight down and up in a long sweep4 ,this is merely a description1 not an established sign4 ,fr4 l'cureuil volant2 ,ger4 das ,flughrnchen4 ,stand 7,as a man74 ,make right ,v hand stand on left palm1 the fingers representing legs4 ,for an animal1 use all four fingers of right4 ,see ,alight4 ,fr4 se tenir debout2 ,ger4 stehen4 ,illustration ,stand up 7,as a tree or pole74 ,hold ,g hand1 back forward1 erect over shoulder4 ,compare ,tall and ,up4 ,fr4 tre debout2 ,ger4 aufrecht stehen4 ,illustration ,star4 ,make the sign for ,night1 then cross the right ,g with left ,g near the tips and hold up high4 ,some flirt the index tip from behind the curved thumb in different directions up high1 to mean twinkling4 ,this is nearly like ,talk up high4 ,fr4 l'toile2 ,ger4 der ,stern4 ,stay4 ,sign ,stop1 ,wait1 and ,sit down4 ,fr4 rester2 ,ger4 bleiben4 ,illustration ,steal 7,to seize under cover74 ,hold out flat left hand pointing out1 back up2 reach right ,g hand under wrist1 then draw it back with a sweep1 curving it into a hook at the same time4 ,fr4 voler2 ,ger4 stehlen4 ,steamboat4 ,sign ,boat1 ,big1 ,fire1 holding the hand above the forehead for the last4 ,fr4 le bateau vapeur2 ,ger4 das ,dampfboot4 ,stingy4 ,see ,mean4 ,stink4 ,sign ,bad ,smell4 ,stir4 ,hold left as in ,c1 back out1 and make as though stirring its contents with a ladle held in right4 ,compare ,tea4 ,fr4 remuer2 ,ger4 rhren4 ,stone4 ,sign ,rock and ,lump4 ,stop4 ,see ,halt4 ,stop or ,full ,stop4 ,see ,period4 ,store or ,shop4 ,sign ,house and ,trade4 ,fr4 le magasin1 la boutique2 ,ger4 der ,laden4 ,storm4 ,sign ,strong then ,wind1 shaking the fingers when opened and sometimes adding the sound of blowing4 ,fr4 l'orage1 la tempte2 ,ger4 der ,sturm4 ,story4 ,see ,history4 ,straight4 ,see ,honest2 also ,true4 ,stranger4 ,sign1 ,my1 ,people1 ,not4 ,or ,man1 ,different4 ,fr4 l'tranger2 ,ger4 der ,fremde4 ,stream4 ,see ,river4 ,illustration ,strike4 ,hold out flat left1 palm up2 strike it with the edge of flat right hand4 ,compare ,chop and ,kill4 ,fr4 frapper2 ,ger4 schlagen4 ,strike1 ,to make a4 ,see ,count ,coup4 ,illustration ,striped4 ,hold out flat left with forearm level and draw the right flat palm across it at different points on the upper side4 ,compare ,spotted4 ,fr4 ray2 ,ger4 gestreift4 ,illustration ,strong4 ,with left fist1 back out1 grasp an imaginary stick2 then also grasp it four inches higher with right fist1 back in4 ,give a strong outward twist to the right1 finishing with the right fist below the left and back downward4 ,the left is not moved4 ,this means physically strong in most cases1 and few ,indians distinguish this from ,very much2 which see4 ,compare ,little4 ,fr4 fort2 ,ger4 stark4 ,illustration ,subtract or ,take from4 ,holding out the flat left1 palm toward you1 with all the right fingers and thumb make as though seizing something on the left palm2 draw the right to you and down4 7,sheeaka4 ,borrowed from the ,deaf47 ,compare ,place4 ,fr4 soustraire2 ,ger4 abziehen4 ,succeed4 ,sign ,push1 ,work1 and ,finish4 ,compare ,fail4 ,fr4 russir2 ,ger4 ,erfolg haben4 ,suffering4 ,see ,sick4 ,illustration ,sugar or ,sweet4 ,rub the tongue with tips of extended index and second finger of right hand1 then add ,good4 ,compare ,salt and ,bitter4 ,fr4 le sucre2 ,ger4 der ,zucker4 ,sullen or ,sulky4 ,sign ,heart1 ,angry1 ,hide4 7,blackfoot47 ,see ,gloomy4 ,summer 7,time of high grass74 ,sign ,high1 ,grass4 ,or sometimes sign ,hot only4 ,fr4 l't2 ,ger4 der ,sommer4 ,illustration ,sun4 ,form a circle with index and thumb of right hand2 hold hand toward east and swing it in a great up-curve toward the west4 ,in conversation1 the circle is often incomplete4 ,fr4 le soleil2 ,ger4 die ,sonne4 ,sunday4 ,sign ,day and ,medicine4 ,fr4 le dimanche2 ,ger4 der ,sonntag4 ,monday is ,day after ,medicine ,day4 ,fr4 le lundi2 ,ger4 der ,montag4 ,tuesday is ,two ,days after ,medicine ,day4 ,fr4 le mardi2 ,ger4 der ,dienstag4 ,wednesday is ,three ,days after ,medicine ,day4 ,fr4 le mercredi2 ,ger4 der ,mittwoch4 ,thursday is ,four ,days after ,medicine ,day4 ,fr4 le jeudi2 ,ger4 der ,donnerstag4 ,friday is ,two ,days before ,medicine ,day4 ,fr4 le vendredi2 ,ger4 der ,freitag4 ,saturday is ,little ,medicine ,day4 ,fr4 le samedi ,ger4 der ,sonnabend4 ,illustration ,sunrise4 ,make a ring of the right index and thumb1 others closed1 level1 at full length toward the east2 then raise it1 chiefly by wrist action1 so the ring is nearly at an angle of #de degrees4 ,fr4 le lever du soleil2 ,ger4 der ,sonnenaufgang4 ,sunset4 ,the reverse of ,sunrise2 that is1 hold the ring to the west and swing it down from #de degrees to level or lower4 ,fr4 le coucher du soleil2 ,ger4 der ,sonnenuntergang4 ,illustration ,superior or ,higher 7,one above another74 ,hold both ,g fingers side by side1 upright1 one of them higher to represent the person or thing4 ,when it is ,one above many use the left 8#e0 hand instead of left ,g4 ,see ,rising ,man1 also ,chief4 ,fr4 suprieur2 ,ger4 hher 7stehend71 vorgesetzt4 ,superlative4 ,see ,comparative2 also ,very much4 ,supper4 ,sign ,night and ,eat4 ,fr4 le souper2 ,ger4 das ,abendessen4 ,illustration ,surprise1 ,you surprise me4 ,hold flat hand on the mouth4 ,this can be made stronger by using both hands4 ,sometimes also for emphasis precede this with a slap down of the flat right on the flat left1 palm to palm4 ,see ,astonishment4 ,fr4 tonner2 ,ger4 berraschen4 ,illustration ,surrender or ,give up4 7,no weapons47 ,hold both #e hands1 palms forward1 at height of head4 ,sometimes one hand only4 ,fr4 rendre1 se rendre2 ,ger4 sich ergeben4 ,illustration ,surround or ,encircle4 ,hold out both ,l hands at arm's length1 then swing them together to form a level circle4 ,see ,enclosure4 ,fr4 entourer2 ,ger4 umgeben4 ,swap4 ,see ,trade4 ,swear4 ,see ,oath4 ,illustration ,sweat4 ,draw the hooked right index across the brow as though wiping off sweat4 ,see ,hot4 ,fr4 la sueur2 ,ger4 der ,schweisz4 ,sweat ,lodge or ,turkish ,bath4 ,sign ,medicine and ,wickey up4 7,c7 ,or with #e hands indicate the shape beginning at top1 then sign ,open1 ,enter1 ,sweat4 ,fr4 le sudatorium1 le bain turc2 ,ger4 das ,schwitzbad4 ,sweet4 ,see ,sugar4 ,sweetheart or ,lover4 ,touch ,g to lips and add ,heart4 7,modern1 but now in general use among ,cheyenne boys47 ,illustration ,sweetheart or ,lover4 ,thrust the right ,l hand forward1 level1 back up and to right1 turning slowly by wrist action so the thumb rises two or three inches up and down on the axis of the index4 ,compare ,courting and ,glitter4 ,fr4 le bien-aim2 ,ger4 der ,geliebte4 ,swift4 ,see ,fast4 ,illustration ,swim 7,probably to suggest a fish tail in action74 ,that is1 8,will you come in swimming80 ,hold right hand as high as the face1 back forward1 all fingers closed except index and middle1 these are spread like ,v and pointed to left4 ,move the hand a little to right 7,pop47 ,fr4 nager2 ,ger4 schwimmen4 ,swimming4 ,sign ,water1 then strike out with hands as in swimming4 ,fr4 nageant2 ,ger4 schwimmend4 ,swoop4 ,see ,dive4 ,t ,table 7,flat top1 square shape74 ,swing flat hands1 palms down1 as in ,broad turn sharply and draw both toward you2 with a ,v hand on each side1 strike down for legs1 then sign ,on and ,eat4 ,a description1 not an established sign4 ,fr4 la table2 ,ger4 der ,tisch4 ,illustration ,tail4 ,right ,g hand1 back up1 at left side1 pointing back and down4 ,fr4 la queue2 ,ger4 der ,schwanz4 ,illustration ,take or ,bring 7,from some one else74 ,reach out the ,g hand1 hook the index and draw it toward you1 in and upward1 as though pulling a string up and back4 ,compare ,steal4 ,fr4 prendre 7de quelqu'un72 ,ger4 nehmen 7von ,jemandem74 ,take 7,from oneself74 ,the same1 but point index toward body1 hook it and draw away4 ,fr4 prendre 7de soi-mme72 ,ger4 nehmen 7von sich selber74 ,take from4 ,see ,subtract4 ,illustration ,talk or ,say 7,a little talk74 ,hold right hand under mouth1 index and thumb tips together1 pointing forward1 and move slightly forward1 snapping the index from behind the thumb two or three times4 ,compare ,called1 ,telltale1 ,speech1 ,bark4 ,fr4 parler2 ,ger4 sprechen4 ,illustration ,talk1 to me4 ,make the same gesture as above1 but point and draw the hand toward the cheek4 ,illustration ,tall or ,high4 ,move the flat right straight up to arm's length1 back out4 ,fr4 grand1 haut2 ,ger4 hoch1 grosz4 ,illustration ,tangle or ,tangled4 ,revolve the #e hands1 in and out1 one about the other4 ,compare ,play4 ,fr4 embrouiller2 ,ger4 verwirren4 ,illustration ,taste4 ,join the first finger and thumb1 rest their points on the lower lip and work the lips4 ,compare ,salt1 ,sugar1 ,sour1 and ,bitter4 ,fr4 goter2 ,ger4 schmecken4 ,taste bad 7,to taste and throw away74 ,sign ,taste and ,bad4 7,seger47 ,fr4 avoir un got mauvais2 ,ger4 schlecht schmecken4 ,tattler4 ,see ,telltale4 ,illustration ,tattoo4 ,tap the place with all five finger tips in a point4 ,fr4 tatouer2 ,ger4 ttowieren4 ,illustration ,tea 7,stirring it74 ,trace the rim of the left ,o hand with the thumb and finger tip of the right ,o hand1 other fingers extended4 7,sheeaka47 ,compare ,stir4 ,or sign ,leaf1 ,drink4 ,fr4 le th2 ,ger4 der ,tee4 ,teacher4 ,sign ,writing and ,chief4 ,see also ,guide4 ,fr4 le professeur2 ,ger4 der ,lehrer4 ,team4 ,sign ,horse1 ,two2 with ,l hand indicate ,halter and add ,coat for ,harness4 ,fr4 l'attelage2 ,ger4 das ,gespann4 ,illustration ,teepee or ,lodge4 ,cross the tips of the ,g fingers held high4 ,in ,tent they are not crossed4 ,fr4 la loge 7la hutte7 des ,indiens2 ,ger4 die ,indianerhtte4 ,telegraph4 ,on forefinger of left ,g hand1 palm up1 tap with crooked forefinger of right hand1 as though telegraphing2 then shoot it along left forefinger and on in line4 7,crow sign1 ,la ,forge47 ,illustration ,telegraph4 ,sign ,wire1 then tap on it two or three times with right ,g and add ,talk1 shooting it far ahead4 ,fr4 le tlgraphe2 ,ger4 der ,telegraph4 ,telephone4 ,sign ,wire2 raise ,o hand to the ear like the receiver1 then add ,talk4 ,fr4 le tlphone2 ,ger4 der ,fernsprecher4 ,tell about4 ,see ,explain and ,speech4 ,tell me4 ,see ,talk and ,speech4 ,illustration ,tell-tale1 ,tattling1 or ,tattle 7,magpie or ,chatterer74 ,make a bill with forefinger and thumb2 hold it at the mouth1 pointing forward2 open and shut it1 but do not advance it4 ,note1 it does not get anywhere2 ,talk does4 ,fr4 le rapporteur2 ,ger4 der ,ausplauderer4 ,tenderfoot4 ,make signs for ,scout and ,little4 7,scott47 ,fr4 le novice2 ,ger4 der ,neuling4 ,tense1 of verbs1 indicated by ,now1 ,time ,back1 and ,future1 that is ,time ,ahead4 ,illustration ,tent4 ,like ,teepee1 but do not cross the fingers4 ,sometimes add ,white ,man4 ,fr4 la tente2 ,ger4 das ,zelt4 ,than4 ,see ,as4 ,illustration ,thank you1 or ,gratitude4 ,raise the open right hand within a foot of the face1 back down and to right2 then carry it outward and downward toward person1 bowing at same time 7,pop74 ,for this the ,cheyennes use one hand as in ,gratitude1 which see4 ,sign ,give1 ,good4 7,blackfoot47 ,fr4 merci1 je vous remercie1 la gratitude2 ,ger4 ich danke dir 7or ,ihnen71 die ,dankbarkeit4 ,that4 ,point with right ,g at the person or thing4 ,compare ,this1 ,there1 and ,yonder4 ,fr4 ce 444 l2 ,ger4 der1 jener4 ,illustration ,that or ,which1 relative pronoun 7,the one behind that74 ,left ,l hand pointing to right4 ,lay right forefinger on end of left1 then turn it up and back to touch the thumb4 7,d7 ,fr4 qui1 que1 lequel2 ,ger4 welcher4 ,illustration ,that place4 ,hold out right ,g1 back up1 at arm's length1 face high1 pointing forward2 strike it down three or four times1 chiefly by finger action4 ,compare ,then and ,here4 ,fr4 l2 ,ger4 da1 dort4 ,theatre4 ,sign ,house1 ,look1 ,big1 ,many4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 le thtre2 ,ger4 das ,theater4 ,their4 ,see ,possession4 ,illustration ,then 7,that time74 ,swing right ,g1 point first1 forward and down in an #ah-;inch curve4 ,compare ,yonder and ,that place4 ,fr4 alors2 ,ger4 damals4 ,illustration ,there4 ,simply point with middle finger1 others closed1 hand held breast high4 ,compare ,challenge4 ,illustration ,thick4 ,hold out flat left1 back to left1 place right underneath palm up2 clasp left with it1 rub right fingers and thumb tips back and forth on the middle of the left hand in long1 slow rubs4 ,compare ,meat1 ,thin1 ,oil1 and ,bacon4 ,fr4 pais2 ,ger4 dick4 ,thief4 ,sign for the person and add ,steal4 7,c7 ,fr4 le voleur2 ,ger4 der ,dieb4 ,illustration ,thin 7,not thick74 ,like ,thick1 but rub lower edge and little finger of left with tips of right thumb and index finger united1 others closed4 ,usually the little finger side is the ,edge4 ,compare ,bacon1 in which all of the fingers are used2 also1 ,oil1 ,thick1 and ,meat4 ,fr4 mince2 ,ger4 dnn4 ,illustration ,thin or ,poor in flesh 7,flesh clawed off74 ,bring both #e hands1 backs forward1 in front of breast and touching it4 ,move each to its side1 curving the fingers more4 ,fr4 maigre2 ,ger4 mager4 ,illustration ,things4 ,the #e hands similarly pointing forward1 backs up1 waist high1 one at each side of the body2 swing once or twice in small circles nearly vertical1 but a little forward in the upper part4 ,fr4 les choses2 ,ger4 die ,dinge4 ,illustration ,think 7,drawn from the heart74 ,lay right ,g on the heart1 back up1 and swing it outward ten inches and a little up4 ,fr4 penser2 ,ger4 denken4 ,thinking4 ,see ,consider4 ,thirst1 ,dry1 or ,drouth4 ,sign ,want and ,drink4 ,fr4 la soif2 ,ger4 der ,durst4 ,illustration ,this4 ,hold flat left palm up near body and thrust right ,g down to it4 ,for ,these repeat it several times4 ,fr4 ce 444 ci2 ,ger4 dieser4 ,thought4 ,see ,idea4 ,thousand4 ,sign ,hundred and then ,ten times4 ,see ,numbers4 ,fr4 mille2 ,ger4 tausend4 ,illustration ,thread4 ,rub thumb and index together1 as though twisting a thread1 and sign ,sew4 ,compare ,powder4 ,fr4 le fil2 ,ger4 der ,faden4 ,threaten4 ,shake clenched fist toward the person4 ,fr4 menacer2 ,ger4 drohen4 ,illustration ,through4 ,push the right flat hand edgewise outward between the middle and third fingers of the left1 which are held pointing upward4 ,compare ,between4 ,fr4 par1 au travers de2 ,ger4 durch4 ,thunder4 ,clap the hands loudly in front of face and add a rapid zigzag with the right ,g finger for ,lightning4 ,fr4 le tonnerre2 ,ger4 der ,donner1 das ,gewitter4 ,thy or ,thine4 ,sign ,you4 ,possess4 ,fr4 ton2 ,ger4 dein4 ,illustration ,ticket4 ,hold out ,h left1 back up2 lay the right ,g across it at the middle knuckles2 add ,writing and indicate ,railway1 ,theatre1 ,pawn1 etc41 as needed4 ,fr4 le billet2 ,ger4 das ,billett4 ,till4 ,see ,to4 ,illustration ,time 7,duration74 ,join the index finger and thumb of each hand at tips1 other fingers closed2 hold back of right hand to right1 left to left1 thumb tips touching2 draw the hands apart1 slowly and level4 ,a little apart means ,little time2 a long way is ,long time1 etc4 ,sign ,after1 ,little time1 for ,bye and bye4 ,so leaving the hands touching means ,now2 and ,time1 ,long1 ,behind means ,long time ago4 ,a much-used sign4 ,see ,ago and ,past4 ,fr4 le temps2 ,ger4 die ,zeit4 ,illustration ,time afterward1 ,after a little time1 ,bye and ,bye4 ,hold out the left ,g level1 pointing forward1 breast high2 lay the right ,g on the back of the left1 draw it back toward the wrist an inch4 ,for ,time ahead1 sign ,time and ,ahead1 that is1 hold up left ,g and swing right ,g parallel and far ahead in the same line4 ,or sometimes for ,time ahead or ,future give the ,time sign first given1 but draw the right forefinger and thumb in an up and over curve far ahead1 instead of to the right4 ,fr4 plus tard2 ,ger4 spter4 ,illustration ,time 7,shadow around tree74 ,hold up left ,g1 point right ,g at it and swing it around1 finally touching it at top4 7,sioux1 ,sheeaka47 ,this is used for exact point or date4 ,fr4 l'poque2 ,ger4 die ,zeit1 der ,zeitpunkt4 ,hour4 ,indicate in the sky the position of the sun at that hour4 ,hour 7i4e41 sixty minutes74 ,hold up the left hand with back toward you1 index and thumb joining in a complete vertical circle2 with right ,g on this as a pointer1 move an inch and add ,one4 ,fr4 l'heure2 ,ger4 die ,stunde4 ,minute or ,moment4 ,hold the flat left hand pointed forward1 thumb up2 lay the right ,g on it like a pointer and move it the least bit4 7,sheeaka47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,hour and ,small4 ,in giving ,time it is safest to do it in railway style2 that is1 #de minutes after #d would be #d hours and #de minutes2 not a quarter before #e4 ,fr4 la minute2 ,ger4 die ,minute4 ,second4 ,make the signs ,minute and ,very small4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 la seconde2 ,ger4 die ,sekunde4 ,illustration ,day or ,light 7,the opening up1 as contrasted with ,night1 the closing over74 ,hold out the level flat hands in the same horizontal plane1 backs up1 pointing to front1 a few inches apart4 ,swing them upward apart to right and left1 and then downward on a curve1 turning the palms up2 ending when the hands are about opposite shoulders and a little higher than at the start4 ,for the days of the week1 see under ,sun4 ,sometimes 8one sun0 is 8one day40 ,for ,to-day the sign for ,now is first made4 ,fr4 le jour2 ,ger4 der ,tag4 ,time of ,day1 as morning1 forenoon1 noon1 afternoon1 etc4 ,point to the sun's position in the sky at the time4 ,see ,midnight4 ,fr4 l'heure du jour2 ,ger4 die ,tageszeit4 ,week4 ,sign ,suns1 ,seven 7,sheeaka7 or ,one ,medicine ,day4 ,compare ,sunday4 ,fr4 la semaine2 ,ger4 die ,woche4 ,month4 ,crescent or ,horns in the sky4 ,see illustration in ,m4 ,fr4 le mois2 ,ger4 der ,monat4 ,seasons4 ,spring1 ,short grass2 ,summer1 ,high grass2 ,autumn1 ,falling leaf2 ,winter1 ,cold or ,snow4 ,fr4 les saisons2 ,ger4 die ,jahreszeiten4 ,year4 ,sign ,one ,cold 7,cheyenne74 ,or better perhaps1 though not general1 sign ,snow1 then swing the right ,g in a circle to left1 down and up on right1 then again make ,snow1 meaning from snow around to snow4 7,sheeaka47 ,sign ,one ,snow 7,blackfoot74 ,fr4 l'an1 l'anne2 ,ger4 das ,jahr4 ,illustration ,tired or ,weary4 ,hold out ,g hands1 backs up1 six inches apart1 drop them and draw them to you a little4 ,sometimes used for ,quit4 ,see ,lazy4 ,compare ,afraid4 ,fr4 fatigu2 ,ger4 mde4 ,illustration ,to1 ,till1 or ,until4 ,hold the left ,g a little forward1 palm to you2 swing the right ,g upward till the forefingers meet at tip4 7,sheeaka2 probably borrowed from the ,deaf47 ,compare ,meet4 ,fr4 jusqu'2 ,ger4 bis4 ,tobacco 7,ground in the palm74 ,hold flat left hand1 back down1 in front of body2 grind on it the heel of closed right in small circles4 ,fr4 le tabac2 ,ger4 der ,tabak4 ,to-day4 ,sign ,day and ,now4 ,fr4 aujourd'hui2 ,ger4 heute4 ,illustration ,together or ,gather 7,gathered together74 ,press the palms of the flat hands together two or three times1 swinging them apart and together once or twice1 so the tips describe six-inch vertical circles going down on the outside and up on the inside of each4 ,note this also means ,gather4 ,see also ,with1 ,meet1 and ,heap4 ,illustration ,tomahawk4 ,hold the flat right hand in the hollow of the horizontal left arm 7,c74 ,compare ,baby4 ,or sign ,axe and ,smoke4 ,fr4 le tomahawk1 la hache de guerre des ,indiens2 ,ger4 die ,streitaxt der ,indianer4 ,to-morrow4 ,sign for ,another and ,sunrise4 ,compare ,yesterday4 ,fr4 demain2 ,ger4 morgen4 ,too1 ,too much4 ,sign ,enough1 but raise both hands at arm's length above the head4 7,scott47 ,sometimes use ,heap4 ,see also ,excessive1 ,ahead1 and ,over4 ,fr4 trop2 ,ger4 zu viel4 ,too or ,also4 ,sign ,equal1 ,with1 or ,and4 ,fr4 aussi2 ,ger4 auch4 ,touch4 ,see ,feel4 ,illustration ,town4 ,sign ,house2 then1 keeping the flat hands at same angle1 swing them wide apart1 keeping left near body1 right far away4 ,add ,white ,man if needed4 ,fr4 la ville2 ,ger4 die ,stadt4 ,track or ,trail2 i4e41 to follow by ,trail4 ,sign ,walk and point to the ground with right ,g2 move it forward in a sinuous course4 ,sometimes add ,look4 ,fr4 tracer2 ,ger4 aufspren4 ,illustration ,trade1 ,exchange1 ,swap1 ,bargain1 ,buy1 or ,sell4 ,hold ,g hands pointing up1 one at each shoulder2 move them together in a down curve till wrists are crossed4 ,see ,avoid4 ,fr4 trafiquer1 troquer1 faire le commerce2 ,ger4 tauschen1 handeln1 ,handel treiben4 ,trail 7,a road74 ,see ,way4 ,train4 ,see ,railroad4 ,illustration ,trap or ,to trap4 ,make a large level circle of forefingers and thumbs for the trap2 then snap these up together1 index alongside index1 thumb alongside thumb to indicate the closing4 ,fr4 le pige1 prendre au pige2 ,ger4 die ,falle1 mit der ,falle fangen4 ,illustration ,travel4 ,hold out the #e hands1 palm to palm1 but left a foot advanced and six inches higher1 both of them vibrated up and down4 ,this means ,keep on ,going4 ,see ,work1 ,go1 and ,walk4 ,fr4 voyager2 ,ger4 reisen4 ,treaty4 ,sign ,shake ,hands and ,write2 that is1 write with right index on flat left palm4 ,fr4 le trait2 ,ger4 der ,vertrag4 ,illustration ,tree4 ,hold right forearm upright in front of shoulder1 fingers straight1 spread upward4 ,for plural use both hands4 ,for ,forest1 hold left outside and touching right2 draw right near body and push left far away4 ,see ,forest4 ,fr4 l'arbre2 ,ger4 der ,baum4 ,tribe or ,troop4 ,see ,bunch4 ,illustration ,triumph4 ,wave one hand in circle above the head as swinging a flag4 ,at a distance1 wave a hat1 coat1 or blanket4 ,fr4 le triomphe2 ,ger4 der ,triumph4 ,troop or ,tribe4 ,see ,bunch4 ,trot4 ,indicate the kind of animal1 then with ,s hands1 backs up1 indicate movement of feet as in trotting4 7,c7 ,fr4 le trot1 trotter2 ,ger4 der ,trott1 traben4 ,trouble or ,perplexity4 ,see ,consider1 ,doubt1 ,sorry1 and ,sorrow4 ,fr4 le trouble1 la perplexit2 ,ger4 die ,sorge1 die ,bestrzung4 ,illustration ,true1 ,truth1 ,certain1 ,sure1 ,straight 7,one straight trail74 ,the ,g forefinger pointing straight forward under the chin1 then moved forward with an upward curve4 ,compare ,honest4 ,fr4 vrai1 la vrit2 ,ger4 wahr1 die ,wahrheit4 ,try or ,attempt4 ,sign ,work and ,begin4 ,fr4 essayer2 ,ger4 versuchen4 ,turkey4 ,sign ,bird2 then indicate ,beard with compressed right hand under the chin1 pointed down and shaken4 7,c7 ,turkey4 ,sign ,bird2 then hold right ,g at forehead1 back up1 curved1 pointed down1 and drop it past the nose down below chin4 ,fr4 le dindon2 ,ger4 der ,truthahn1 der ,puter4 ,turkish ,bath4 ,see ,sweat ,lodge4 ,illustration ,turn him down or ,thumbs down4 ,this dates from the ,roman arena4 ,right arm at full length1 fingers closed1 thumb extended and pointing downward2 meaning 8,kill him0 or 8it40 ,see ,knife4 ,turn into4 ,see ,grow4 ,turn loose4 ,see ,free and ,pardon4 ,illustration ,turtle or ,tortoise4 ,hold right hand low1 back up1 flat1 but fingers bent back on palm2 push it forward1 giving it by wrist action a serpentine course4 ,see ,fog4 ,fr4 la tortue2 ,ger4 die ,schildkrte4 ,twice4 ,see ,once4 ,twinkle4 ,sign ,star and ,talk4 ,fr4 tinceler2 ,ger4 funkeln4 ,illustration ,twins4 ,lay ,v fingers1 palm in1 on abdomen and add ,born4 ,fr4 les jumeaux2 ,ger4 die ,zwillinge4 ,typewrite4 ,sign ,write2 then with both hands strike here and there at keys4 ,fr4 crire la machine1 dactylographier2 ,ger4 mit der ,schreibmaschine schreiben4 ,u ,ugly4 ,sign ,face2 i4e41 swing the right #e hand in a circle near the face1 and add ,bad4 ,fr4 laid2 ,ger4 hszlich4 ,unable4 ,see ,can't4 ,uncertain4 ,sign ,perhaps1 ,know1 and ,not4 ,fr4 incertain2 ,ger4 unbestimmt4 ,uncle4 ,sign ,father 7or ,mother7 and ,brother4 ,fr4 l'oncle2 ,ger4 der ,onkel4 ,undecided4 ,bow the head forward1 resting the right ,g on the lips4 ,see also ,thinking and ,if4 ,fr4 en doute2 ,ger4 unschlssig4 ,under4 ,see ,below4 ,understand4 ,see ,know2 also1 ,keep4 ,unfair4 ,see ,excessive4 ,united4 ,sign ,alliance or ,with4 ,fr4 uni2 ,ger4 vereinigt4 ,united ,states of ,america4 ,there is no well-established sign1 but the ,indian of a hundred years ago referred to the ,united ,states as the 8,thirteen ,fires10 i4e41 ,council ,fires4 ,so that ,thirteen and ,fires would answer4 ,the ,blackfeet indicate the ,boundary ,line running east and west1 then all south of it4 ,so1 also1 for the individual ,states1 in the absence of established signs1 we may use their nicknames4 ,these1 however1 are mere suggestions4 ,fr4 les tats-,unis d',amrique2 ,ger4 die ,vereinigten ,staaten von ,nordamerika4 ,alabama 7,cotton ,state74 ,country and ,cotton4 ,the latter by pointing to something by cotton4 ,arizona 7,cactus ,state74 ,country1 ,trees1 and ,sharp1 as in ,porcupine4 ,arkansas 7,bear ,state74 ,country and ,bear ,black1 to distinguish from ,russia4 ,california 7,golden ,state74 ,country and ,gold2 for gold pinch the lobe of the ear1 or point to any gold or yellow thing in sight2 if it is near1 take an imaginary pinch of it1 to exclude the object that is made of it4 ,colorado 7,centennial ,state74 ,country and #ajj ,years or ,snows4 ,connecticut 7,nutmeg ,state74 ,country1 ,fruit1 and ,hard4 ,dakota1 ,north 7,flickertail ,state74 ,country and holding ,g hand1 palm up1 wag the index to express the tail of the ,flickertail gopher4 ,dakota1 ,south 7,coyote ,state74 ,country and ,small ,wolf4 ,delaware 7,diamond ,state74 ,country and1 for ,diamond1 place the right thumb and index on an imaginary stone on ring finger of left2 then add ,twinkle4 ,florida 7,peninsular ,state74 ,country and ,water4 ,the half into the left ,c hand1 held level and facing the right1 lay the right ,n fingers1 backs up4 ,georgia 7,cracker ,state74 ,country1 ,corn1 and ,grind1 as in ,coffee4 ,the ,crackers were so called because of their cracked corn diet4 ,idaho 7,land of the ,shoshoni74 ,country and ,snake4 ,illinois 7,prairie ,state74 ,country and ,prairie4 ,indiana 7,hoosier ,state74 ,country and ,who is here8 ,iowa 7,hawkeye ,state74 ,country1 ,hawk1 and ,eye4 ,kansas 7,sunflower ,state74 ,country1 ,flower1 and ,sun4 ,kentucky 7,blue ,grass ,state74 ,country1 ,grass1 and ,blue4 ,louisiana 7,pelican ,state74 ,country1 ,bird1 ,long bill2 and with index show outline of the pouch4 ,maine 7,pine ,tree ,state74 ,country and ,tree4 ,maryland 7,terrapin ,state74 ,country and ,turtle4 ,massachusetts 7,bay ,state74 ,country and ,bay4 ,michigan 7,wolverine ,state74 ,country and ,wolverine or ,bushy-tailed ,bear4 ,indicate ,bear1 then ,tail and ,bushy4 ,minnesota 7,gopher ,state74 ,country and ,small ,striped ,animal4 ,with compressed right hand1 back up1 indicate a small animal2 then draw the fingers of left #d hand along it for stripes4 ,mississippi 7,bayou ,state74 ,country1 ,bay1 and ,trees4 ,missouri 7,banner ,state74 ,country and ,flag4 ,or else1 8,show me ,state10 thus1 with flat right hand shade right eye1 knit brows1 look here and there4 ,montana 7,land of the ,blackfeet47 ,country and ,blackfeet4 ,nebraska 7,shallow ,river74 ,country1 ,river1 ,broad1 and ,low4 ,or ,pawneeland1 ,country1 and ,wolf1 which is the ,pawnee sign4 ,nevada 7,silver ,state74 ,sign ,country1 ,metal1 and ,white2 bring right hand hollow under left and shake as though jingling coins4 ,new ,hampshire 7,granite ,state74 ,country and signs for ,hard and ,very4 ,new ,jersey 7,blue ,state74 ,country1 ,color1 and ,blue4 ,new ,mexico 7,sunshine ,state74 ,make sign for ,country and ,sun4 ,new ,york 7,empire ,state74 ,country and ,crowned1 which is indicated by placing both #e hands on the sides of the head like the feathers in a war-bonnet4 ,north ,carolina 7,tar ,heel ,state74 ,country1 ,heel1 and ,black4 ,ohio 7,buckeye ,state74 ,country1 ,deer1 and ,eye4 ,oklahoma 7,sooners ,state74 ,country and ,soon1 or else ,country and ,kiowa4 ,oregon 7,beaver ,state74 ,country and ,beaver4 ,pennsylvania 7,keystone ,state74 ,country and ,keystone1 thus3 ,hold up right hand1 fingers out1 pointing up1 a space between the ring and middle fingers only2 hold all fingers of left hand extended and join at tips to form a wedge2 put this wedge in the opening between the fingers of the right hand4 ,rhode ,island 7,little ,state74 ,country and ,very ,small4 ,south ,carolina 7,palmetto ,state74 ,country and ,leaf2 then indicate the shape of leaf with flat hand and fingers spread to their utmost4 ,tennessee 7,long ,rifles74 ,country1 ,rifle1 and ,long4 ,texas 7,lone ,star ,state74 ,country1 and ,star1 ,alone4 ,utah 7,mormon or ,many ,wives ,state74 ,country1 ,mates1 ,many4 ,vermont 7,green ,mountain ,state74 ,country1 ,mountain1 ,color1 and ,grass4 ,virginia 7,tobacco ,state74 ,country and ,tobacco4 ,washington 7,evergreen ,state74 ,country1 ,green1 and ,always4 ,west ,virginia 7,panhandle ,state74 ,country and ,cook by frying2 then hold out flat spread left hand1 palm up1 and grasp the wrist with the right4 ,wisconsin 7,badger ,state74 ,country and ,badger4 ,wyoming 7,land of ,cheyennes74 ,country and ,cheyennes or ,finger ,choppers4 ,unjust4 ,sign ,honest and ,not4 ,see ,excessive4 ,fr4 injuste2 ,ger4 ungerecht4 ,unless or ,except4 ,see ,but4 ,unlucky4 ,sign ,medicine and ,bad4 ,fr4 malheureux2 ,ger4 unglcklich4 ,until4 ,see ,to4 ,unwise4 ,see ,foolish4 ,illustration ,up or ,upward4 ,point up with flat hand or else the right ,g1 raising the same about head high4 ,the index means specifically 8that thing up there02 whereas the flat hand means the abstract idea 8up40 ,compare ,tall and ,stand4 ,fr4 en haut1 haut2 ,ger4 auf1 hinauf1 aufwrts4 ,illustration ,us4 ,see ,we4 ,v ,vain4 ,sign ,beautiful2 then draw head and body back with an arrogant look4 7,blackfoot47 ,sign ,paint1 ,dress1 ,good1 ,love4 7,c7 ,see ,pride4 ,fr4 vain2 ,ger4 eitel4 ,illustration ,valise4 ,hold out both arms1 level1 low1 parallel2 hands flat1 but bent at right angles to arms2 palms to you1 tips touching4 ,add ,clothes and ,enter twice or three times4 ,fr4 la valise2 ,ger4 der ,handkoffer4 ,illustration ,very ,much1 ,heap ,much1 ,strong1 ,brave1 ,superlative4 ,hold left ,s hand1 back out1 in front of body2 forearm horizontal and pointing to right and front2 bring the ditto right hand some six inches above and a little in front of left hand2 strike downward with right hand1 mostly by elbow action1 the second joints of right hand passing close to and about on a line with knuckles of left hand4 ,this is very like ,strong and seems in some renditions to be the same4 ,it is also used for ,very1 ,very ,much1 and for a certain strong ,english adjective that is omitted from the ,sunday ,school readers4 ,compare ,strong4 ,fr4 beaucoup1 trs2 ,ger4 sehr1 viel4 ,vessel4 ,see ,bowl4 ,victor4 ,see ,kill and ,triumph4 ,vigilant or ,watchful4 ,sign ,look1 in different directions1 and ,all the time4 ,fr4 vigilant2 ,ger4 wachsam4 ,village 7,many ,lodges74 ,sign ,lodges or ,teepees and ,many4 ,fr4 le village2 ,ger4 das ,dorf4 ,vine4 ,sign ,tree with left2 then with right ,g trace the vine's course about it4 ,fr4 la vigne2 ,ger4 die ,ranke4 ,volley4 ,see ,fire4 ,illustration ,vomit4 ,hold compressed right hand back up below chin1 pointed to left and upward1 move it upward forward and down1 point first1 once or twice4 ,fr4 vomir2 ,ger4 7sich7 brechen1 sich bergeben4 ,w ,wager4 ,see ,bet4 ,illustration ,wagon4 ,with index and thumb of each hand make two vertical circles1 hands held backs up1 a foot apart and shoulder high2 by wrist action rotate these circles and move them forward a little4 ,fr4 la voiture2 ,ger4 der ,wagen4 ,illustration ,wait 7,stop here74 ,flat hand up1 palm forward2 then gently bent forward to nearly level1 palm down4 ,compare ,halt4 ,fr4 attendez62 ,ger4 warten6 ,illustration ,waken4 ,sign ,sleep and ,arise 7,that is1 lay the right ,g horizontally on breast and swing it out upright a foot away1 back to right74 ,or sign ,sleep and ,done1 i4e41 ,ended4 ,fr4 rveiller1 s'veiller2 ,ger4 wecken1 erwachen4 ,illustration ,walk or ,march4 7,for a person47 7,shape and movement of feet47 ,hold out the flat hands1 backs up1 a few inches apart1 pointing to front2 swing the right forward1 upward1 and downward to same height as when starting2 then the left ditto2 draw the right hand to rear4 ,repeat these motions4 ,illustration ,walk 7,for an animal74 ,with the ,s hands1 backs up1 go through the same as above4 ,fr4 marcher2 ,ger4 gehen4 ,illustration ,wall or ,fence4 ,push flat hands straight forward1 points up1 palms in2 then1 when well out1 turn palms toward you and swing together4 ,compare ,valise and ,box4 ,fr4 le mur2 ,ger4 die ,mauer1 das ,gitter4 ,illustration ,wandering4 ,hold up right ,g1 palm forward2 advance it with excessive sweeping zigzags from side to side1 forming loops4 ,these loops are #ah inches across2 their plan1 seen from above1 is in the lower scroll4 ,compare ,alive and ,white-tail ,deer4 ,fr4 errant2 ,ger4 wandernd4 ,illustration ,want 7,to71 ,crave1 ,desire1 ,wish1 ,anxious for1 ,will 7,thirsty for74 ,hold the right hand1 back to right1 in front of and near chin2 form a vertical incomplete circle with ,g index and thumb4 ,swing the hand down past the mouth1 outward and upward1 turning it at the finish so that the little finger is as high as the index4 ,fr4 dsirer2 ,ger4 wnschen4 ,wapiti4 ,see ,elk4 ,war4 ,see ,fight4 ,war-cry4 ,see ,battle-cry4 ,illustration ,warm1 ,to 7,one's hands74 ,hold out both flat hands1 side by side1 breast high1 backs up1 slightly curved as though over a fire2 then rub them together4 7,blackfoot47 ,warm1 ,i am warm4 ,draw the #e hands down over breast1 then hold out together1 palms down1 pointing forward4 ,see also ,hot4 ,fr4 chaud2 ,ger4 warm4 ,illustration ,warning1 ,beware1 ,caution1 or ,look out4 ,raise right index1 rest closed2 turn hand so as to have right eye1 index1 and the person in line2 at the same time1 shake the head a little4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 l'avertissement1 prenez garde62 ,ger4 die ,warnung1 ,vorsicht6 ,illustration ,warpath1 ,to go to ,war 7,the thumb chasing the index74 ,with its index at a right angle with the palm and pointing toward the left1 other fingers closed1 its thumb extended and upright near base of the index1 back of hand outward2 move the right hand forward with a long downward then upward curve in front of the right shoulder4 ,fr4 le chemin de guerre2 ,ger4 der ,kriegspfad4 ,washing ,clothes4 ,rub with both fists as on a rubbing board4 ,old gesture was to rub the right fist circularly1 palm down1 on the left1 palm up4 ,fr4 laver2 ,ger4 waschen4 ,washington4 ,sign ,white ,man1 ,all1 ,chief1 ,high4 7,sheeaka47 ,illustration ,watch 7,a timepiece74 ,form a horizontal circle with thumb and index of left hand1 others closed2 tap around on this with the tip of right ,g4 ,fr4 la montre2 ,ger4 die ,taschenuhr4 ,watch4 ,see ,look4 ,water1 ,running4 ,see ,river4 ,illustration ,water 7,in general74 ,bring the slightly cupped right palm from forward nearly level to near the chin4 ,compare ,drink and ,speech4 ,fr4 l'eau2 ,ger4 das ,wasser4 ,waterfall4 ,see ,fall of ,water4 ,illustration ,way1 ,manner1 ,road1 ,method1 ,custom1 ,plan1 ,trail1 ,law1 etc4 ,both hands flat1 palms up1 but thumb sides higher1 side by side1 pointing front1 breast high1 alternately advanced and withdrawn4 ,much used among ,indians and sometimes equivalent to -ship or -ness1 as in ,kingship or ,goodness4 ,compare ,walk and ,road4 ,fr4 le chemin1 la manire2 ,ger4 der ,weg1 die ,art und ,weise4 ,illustration ,we1 ,us1 and ,our 7,me all74 ,touch one's chest with right thumb1 fingers closed1 then add ,all4 7,sheeaka47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,me1 ,all1 and ,together4 ,fr4 nous1 notre2 ,ger4 wir1 unser4 ,illustration ,weak4 ,swing the bent arms slowly from side to side as in walking weakly4 ,or ,strong1 and ,no4 ,see ,tired and ,lazy4 ,fr4 faible2 ,ger4 schwach4 ,weary4 ,see ,tired4 ,illustration ,weasel4 ,with right ,g curved1 back up1 imitate bounding2 then indicate ,tail and ,half1 ,black4 7,sheeaka47 ,fr4 la belette2 ,ger4 das ,wiesel4 ,week4 ,see ,time and ,sun4 ,weep4 ,see ,cry4 ,weigh 7,metaphorically74 ,see ,consider4 ,welcome4 ,sign ,come and ,good4 ,fr4 bienvenu2 ,ger4 willkommen4 ,illustration ,well1 ,good ,health 7,body strong74 ,flat hands one on each side of the body2 draw them away1 clench them and move them down with a jerk4 7,sheeaka47 ,the ,cheyennes sign ,all1 ,body 7as above71 ,hard4 ,compare ,sick and ,lungs4 ,fr4 bien portant1 la bonne sante2 ,ger4 wohl1 die ,gesundheit4 ,what8 ,see ,question4 ,when8 ,see ,question4 ,whence8 ,see ,question4 ,where8 ,see ,question4 ,illustration ,wherever 7,all places74 ,hold right ,g out1 back up1 pointing toward horizon4 ,swing slowly in a half-circle up and over to left1 then back to right2 repeat4 ,fr4 en quelque lieu que ce soit2 ,ger4 wo auch nur4 ,whether4 ,see ,if4 ,illustration ,whetstone4 ,sign ,hard1 then hold out left ,n hand and rub right ,n hand on it1 with long1 sweeping strokes4 ,fr4 la pierre aiguiser2 ,ger4 der ,wetzstein4 ,which8 ,see ,question4 ,which4 ,see ,who4 ,while1 ,after a4 ,see ,bye and bye4 ,illustration ,while1 ,every ,little ,while4 ,hold out left ,g1 pointing to right2 with left ,g tap on it several times1 each time moving the right nearer the base of left ,g4 ,see1 ,all the time4 ,compare ,peas and ,buy4 ,fr4 chaque moment2 ,ger4 jeden ,augenblick4 ,illustration ,while1 ,meanwhile1 or ,during4 ,sign ,time1 slowly moving hands until about six inches apart4 ,some shake the right hand in drawing it back4 ,or sign ,time1 ,sit4 ,compare ,time1 ,sometimes1 ,soon4 ,fr4 pendant2 ,ger4 whrend4 ,whirlwind4 ,see ,cyclone4 ,whiskey4 ,sign ,fire and ,water1 or ,crazy1 ,water4 ,although some ,cheyennes call beer fire-water1 because of the explosion and froth4 ,fr4 le whiskey1 l'eau-de-vie2 ,ger4 der ,whisky1 der ,branntwein4 ,illustration ,whisper1 or ,speak ,privately4 ,hold up flat right hand1 thumb at one side of the mouth1 and incline the head4 ,or sign ,hide and ,talk4 ,fr4 chuchoter2 ,ger4 flstern4 ,white 7,color74 ,see ,colors4 ,illustration ,white or ,white ,man 7,hat or ,cap wearers74 ,hold right ,g hand1 back up and to right1 in front of1 close to1 and a little to left of face1 pointing to left2 draw the hand to right1 index finger passing horizontally in front of eyes4 ,sometimes add ,man4 ,fr4 l'homme blanc2 ,ger4 der ,weisze4 ,whither8 ,see ,question4 ,illustration ,who or ,which 7,this equals that74 ,hold the two ,g fingers side by side on left2 then1 keeping the relative positions1 swing them to the right4 7,w4 ,c4 ,roe47 ,probably modern4 ,this is the same as ,as2 the context alone shows which is meant4 ,why8 ,see ,question4 ,illustration ,wicky-up4 ,swing the curved ,g fingers together in dome shape1 left tip resting on right tip2 then change to curved #d hands and swing down and apart on a curve4 7,c7 ,wide4 ,see ,broad4 ,wife4 ,make signs for ,female1 then ,marry4 ,usually sign ,my 7or ,his7 ,woman4 ,fr4 la femme2 ,ger4 die ,frau1 die ,gattin4 ,wild4 ,sign ,bad2 then push both #e hands forward1 thumbs up1 six inches apart1 switching them simultaneously from side to side4 ,sometimes use ,crazy or ,free4 ,wild 7,wild animal74 ,sign ,look backward1 then add ,go quickly4 ,sometimes use ,free4 ,fr4 sauvage2 ,ger4 wild4 ,will4 ,see ,want4 ,illustration ,will or ,shall 7,futurity74 ,hold the right open flat hand1 palm to left1 pointing straight out and elevated near ear4 ,push it straight forward and upward the length of the arm4 ,sometimes sign ,time ,ahead or ,far ,ahead4 ,compare ,past and ,future4 ,fr4 le futur exprim par l'inflexion du verbe2 ,ger4 werden1 wollen4 ,win or ,overcome4 ,make sign for ,kill2 and indicate in what way4 ,thus1 a person winning at gambling 8,kills0 the other in that way4 ,fr4 gagner1 vaincre2 ,ger4 gewinnen1 siegen4 ,illustration ,wind4 ,hold up the #e hands1 shoulder high1 backs up1 a few inches apart1 pointed forward and hands moved with a tremulous motion in direction of wind4 ,if strong wind1 preface this with ,fire-off or ,charge4 ,or ,sign ,forward1 using both hands4 ,see ,rumor and ,storm4 ,fr4 le vent2 ,ger4 der ,wind4 ,illustration ,wing4 ,hold out left arm level1 bent2 sweep flat right #e hand over it from shoulder down4 ,or1 sometimes flap one hand as in ,bird4 ,compare ,hair4 ,fr4 l'aile2 ,ger4 der ,flgel4 ,illustration ,winter 7,cold time74 ,hold closed hands in front of body1 forearms about vertical1 hands several inches apart2 give a shivering1 tremulous motion to hands2 ,sometimes1 and particularly with ,northern ,indians1 the sign for ,snow is made4 ,add ,time1 if there is any doubt4 ,fr4 l'hiver2 ,ger4 der ,winter4 ,illustration ,wipe ,out1 ,excuse1 or ,forgive 7,to wipe it off74 ,hold left hand flat1 palm up2 smartly brush it with finger tips of right flat hand1 from wrist to fingers and beyond4 ,compare ,exterminate and ,color4 ,for the stronger idea1 see ,pardon4 ,fr4 excuser2 ,ger4 verzeihen4 ,illustration ,wire4 ,hold right ,g back nearly up1 pointing to left1 about face high1 near left shoulder2 draw it across level to right shoulder4 ,compare ,creek and ,rope4 ,fr4 le fil de mtal2 ,ger4 der ,draht4 ,wise1 ,wisdom 7,heart and head good74 ,sign ,heart1 then touch forehead and sign ,good4 7,c7 ,or1 ,heap1 ,understand4 ,sometimes use ,cunning4 ,fr4 sage1 la sagesse2 ,ger4 klug1 die ,weisheit4 ,wish4 ,see ,want4 ,illustration ,witch4 ,cross the upright thumb of right hand on the middle of the index1 which is a little bent1 other fingers straight1 held so one can sight over the thumb at the person meant4 7,ruggles47 ,also used for ,distrust and ,discredited4 ,widely established in the mountains4 ,fr4 la sorcire2 ,ger4 die ,hexe4 ,illustration ,with or ,together4 ,hold out the flat left1 fingers forward1 level1 back to left2 and lay the side of the right ,g finger1 pointed forward1 against the centre of the left palm4 ,sometimes means ,add4 ,see ,together and ,beside4 ,fr4 avec1 ensemble2 ,ger4 mit1 zusammen4 ,within or ,inside4 ,see ,in4 ,illustration ,wolf4 ,hold the right ,v hand1 palm forward1 near right shoulder1 pointing straight upward2 move it a little forward and up4 ,see ,scout4 ,fr4 le loup2 ,ger4 der ,wolf4 ,wolverine4 ,sign ,bear1 ,small1 and indicate bushy tail4 ,this is merely a description1 not an established sign4 ,fr4 le carcajou1 le volverenne2 ,ger4 der braune ,vielfrasz4 ,illustration ,woman4 ,make the sign for ,female2 sometimes also indicate height4 ,compare ,comb4 ,fr4 la femme2 ,ger4 die ,frau4 ,wonderful4 ,see ,glow4 ,wood or ,timber4 ,sign ,tree1 then indicate size and shape4 ,add ,chop and throw forward 7i4e41 onto fire74 ,fr4 le bois2 ,ger4 das ,holz4 ,woodchuck or ,groundhog4 ,with compressed right1 back up1 pushed forward1 rolling from side to side1 indicate the animal1 its ,size2 then1 with left ,h hand near upper lip and right ,h hand near lower1 show the action of the front teeth1 which differ from those of other rodents its equal in size in being ,white4 ,this is not an established sign1 but suggested as a description4 ,fr4 la grande marmotte d',amrique2 ,ger4 das virginische ,murmeltier4 ,illustration ,woodcraft ,boy4 ,the ,y hand2 this denotes the ,horned ,shield1 the symbol of the ,order4 7,not ,indian47 ,illustration ,woodcraft ,girl4 ,make the sign of ,sun on the heart and then raise it to the zenith4 7,not ,indian47 ,illustration ,woodpecker4 ,sign ,bird1 then hold left arm upright for ,tree and on this place the partly compressed right2 make it hop up and tap the left palm with curved right ,g4 ,fr4 le pic1 le pivert1 l'peiche2 ,ger4 der ,specht4 ,illustration ,word 7,one piece of talk74 ,make ,c and lay it on the mouth1 then swing it forward and a little down4 7,a very doubtful sign given by ,sheeaka47 ,fr4 le mot2 ,ger4 das ,wort4 ,word of ,honor4 ,see ,cross the heart4 7,pop47 ,illustration ,work1 ,doing1 ,make1 or ,act4 ,hold the flat hands four inches apart1 palm to palm1 level1 left a little ahead2 push them forward a little1 simultaneously1 and1 at the same time1 swing the points upward and downward briskly by wrist action1 so that the finger points follow the lines shown in the cut4 ,to complete the sign1 the action should be repeated at the left side with the hands reversed with regard to each other2 but usually the first only is given4 ,possibly refers to fleshing a hide1 which was about the hardest work in an ,indian camp4 ,for ,work hard1 use both ,a fists instead of flat hands4 ,fr4 travailler2 ,ger4 arbeiten4 ,world4 ,see ,earth4 ,illustration ,wound 7,the course of arrow or bullet74 ,swing the right ,g hand toward the body1 point first1 back of hand to left and front1 so that the tip just grazes the surface of the body and passes on1 as though glancing off4 ,compare ,ache4 ,fr4 la blessure2 ,ger4 verwunden4 ,illustration ,wrap4 ,bring the slightly compressed hands1 backs outward1 in front of body1 backs of fingers of right hand resting against inner surface of left1 index fingers about horizontal2 rotate the hands around each other4 ,fr4 envelopper2 ,ger4 einwickeln4 ,wrestle4 ,cross the wrists about two feet in front of the face1 hands clenched as in ,prisoner2 then wriggle them from side to side4 ,fr4 lutter2 ,ger4 ringen1 kmpfen4 ,illustration ,wring4 ,hold the left ,a hand palm up and the right ,a hand back up1 index of each touching thumb of the other as though holding a rope2 then twist by wrist action till the position of each hand is reversed4 ,fr4 tordre2 ,ger4 ringen4 ,wrinkle4 ,wrinkle the skin of forehead and pinch same2 also draw lines on face with finger tip4 ,sometimes omit last4 ,fr4 la ride1 le pli2 ,ger4 die ,runzel1 die ,falte4 ,illustration ,write or ,writing4 ,with an imaginary pencil in right fingers1 write on left palm2 or in the air simply4 ,this last preceded by ,come is commonly used in ,european hotels for 8,give me my bill40 ,fr4 crire2 ,ger4 schreiben4 ,wrong4 ,sign ,honest and ,not2 or else ,bad4 ,sometimes use ,different and ,bad4 ,see ,crooked4 ,fr4 tort2 ,ger4 unrecht4 ,y ,year4 ,see ,time4 ,illustration ,yell1 ,holla1 or ,cry ,out4 ,place the ,g hand on the mouth1 jerking it much upward and a little forward to show the sound coming out of the mouth and going far4 ,compare ,called4 ,fr4 hol h6 ,ger4 holla62 hallo schreien4 ,illustration ,yes 7,bowing of the head and body74 ,hold right hand upright near shoulder1 index and thumb only extended1 others closed2 move it slightly to the left and a foot downward1 at the same time closing the index over the thumb4 ,or simply nod4 ,fr4 oui2 ,ger4 ja4 ,illustration ,yesterday 7,beyond the night74 ,sign ,night2 then1 holding left in position1 swing the right upward and to right on a curve1 finishing at height of left1 palm up1 i4e41 ,beyond4 ,or1 sign ,before and ,day4 ,or1 ,one1 ,sleep1 ,behind4 ,fr4 hier2 ,ger4 gestern4 ,illustration ,yonder1 ,over yonder4 ,point as in ,there1 or with ,g1 then swing the finger up over and down farther ahead4 ,compare ,far4 ,fr4 l-bas2 ,ger4 drben1 dort4 ,illustration ,you or ,thou4 ,singular1 point at the person2 for plural1 point1 then add ,all2 that is1 swing the finger in a horizontal circle 7,you1 all74 ,fr4 vous2 ,ger4 ,sie4 ,young 7,a sprout74 ,hold the hand as in ,grow2 then lower it emphatically a foot4 ,sometimes use ,old and ,not4 ,fr4 jeune2 ,ger4 jung4 ,younger4 ,sign ,born and ,after4 ,fr4 plus jeune1 cadet2 ,ger4 jnger4 ,your4 ,see ,possession4 ,,appendix ,,football ,,signals ,code of ,signals ,used to ,indicate ,various ,fouls ,signals4 ,fouls4 ,grasping of wrist ,holding ,shaking fists ,unnecessary ,roughness ,crossed legs ,tripping ,sifting of hands ,illegally in motion ,hands on ,hips ,off-side ,arm aloft ,refusal of ,penalty ,arms extended sidewise ,incompleted ,f4 ,pass ,arms folded ,interlocked interference ,both arms aloft ,score ,military ,salute ,loose-ball foul ,,note--,these signals will be given to the press-stand by the referee from behind the offensive team4 ,,frank ,,birch1 ,referee4 ,,books ,,by ,,ernest ,,thompson ,,seton ,,wild ,,animals ,i ,,have ,,known1 #ahih ,the stories of ,lobo1 ,silverspot1 ,molly ,cottontail1 ,bingo1 ,vixen1 ,the ,pacing ,mustang1 ,wully and ,redruff4 ,price1 #b4jj4 7,scribners47 ,,the ,,trail ,,of ,,the ,,sandhill ,,stag1 #ahii ,the story of a long hunt that ended without a tragedy4 ,price1 #a4ej4 7,scribners47 ,,biography ,,of ,a ,,grizzly1 #aijj ,the story of old ,wahb from cubhood to the scene in ,death ,gulch4 ,price1 #a4ej4 7,century ,company47 ,,lobo1 ,,rag ,,and ,,vixen1 #aijj ,this is a school edition of number one1 with some of the stories and many of the pictures left out4 ,price1 #ej;c4 net4 7,scribners47 ,,the ,,wild ,,animal ,,play1 #aijj ,a musical play in which the parts of ,lobo1 ,wahb1 ,vixen1 etc41 are taken by boys and girls4 ,price1 #ej;c4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,the ,,lives ,,of ,,the ,,hunted1 #aija ,the stories of ,krag1 ,randy1 ,johnny ,bear1 ,the ,mother ,teal1 ,chink1 ,the ,kangaroo ,rat1 and ,tito1 the ,coyote4 ,price1 #a4ge net4 7,scribners47 ,,pictures ,,of ,,wild ,,animals1 #aija ,twelve large pictures for framing 7no text71 viz41 ,krag1 ,lobo1 ,tito ,cub1 ,kangaroo ,rat1 ,grizzly1 ,buffalo1 ,bear ,family1 ,johnny ,bear1 ,sandhill ,stag1 ,coon ,family1 ,courtaut the ,wolf1 ,tito and her family4 ,price1 #f4jj4 7,scribners47 ,,krag ,,and ,,johnny ,,bear1 #aijb ,this is a school edition of ,lives of the ,hunted with some of the stories and many of the pictures left out4 ,price1 #ej;c4 net4 7,scribners47 ,,two ,,little ,,savages1 #aijc ,a book of adventure and woodcraft and camping out for boys1 telling how to make bows1 arrows1 moccasins1 costumes1 teepee1 war-bonnet1 etc41 and how to make a fire with rubbing sticks1 read ,indian signs1 etc4 ,price1 #a4ge net4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,monarch1 ,,the ,,big ,,bear ,,of ,,tallac1 #aijd ,the story of a big ,california grizzly that is living yet4 ,price1 #a4be net4 7,scribners47 ,,animal ,,heroes1 #aije ,the stories of a ,slum ,cat1 a ,homing ,pigeon1 ,the ,wolf ,that ,won1 ,a ,lynx1 ,a ,jackrabbit1 ,a ,bull-terrier1 ,the ,winnipeg ,wolf1 and a ,white ,reindeer4 ,price1 #a4ge net4 7,scribners47 ,,birch-,,bark ,,roll1 #aijf ,the ,manual of the ,woodcraft ,indians1 first edition1 #aijb4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,woodmyth ,,and ,,fable1 #aije ,a collection of fables1 woodland verses1 and camp stories4 ,price1 #a4be net4 7,century ,company47 ,,the ,,natural ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,ten ,,commandments1 #aijg ,showing the ,ten ,commandments to be fundamental laws of all creation4 #gh pages4 ,price1 #ej;c4 net4 7,scribners47 ,,the ,,biography ,,of ,a ,,silver ,,fox1 #aiji or ,domino ,reynard of ,goldur ,town1 with #ajj illustrations by the author4 #bji pages4 ,price1 #a4ej net4 ,a companion volume to the ,biography of a ,grizzly4 7,century ,company47 ,,life ,,histories ,,of ,,northern ,,animals1 #aiji ,in two sumptuous quarto volumes with #fh maps and #efj drawings by the author4 ,pages #a1bfg4 ,price1 #ah4jj net4 ,said by ,roosevelt1 ,allen1 ,chapman1 and ,hornaday to be the best work ever written on the ,life ,histories of ,american ,animals4 7,scribners47 ,,boy ,,scouts ,,of ,,america1 #aiaj ,a handbook of ,woodcraft1 ,scouting1 and ,life ,craft including the ,birch-,bark ,roll4 #aib pages4 ,price1 #ej;c4 ,out of print4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,rolf ,,in ,,the ,,woods1 #aiaa ,the ,adventures of a ,boy ,scout with ,indian ,quonab and little dog ,skookum4 ,over #bjj drawings by the author4 ,price1 #a4ge net4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,the ,,arctic ,,prairies1 #aiaa ,a canoe journey of #b1jjj miles in search of the ,caribou4 #dae pages with many maps1 photographs1 and illustrations by the author4 ,price1 #a4ge net4 7,scribners47 ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,woodcraft ,,and ,,indian ,,lore1 #aiab with over #ejj drawings by the author4 ,price1 #a4ge net4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,the ,,forester',s ,,manual1 #aiab ,one hundred of the best-known forest trees of eastern ,north ,america1 with #ajj maps and more than #bjj drawings4 ,price1 #a4jj in cloth1 #ej;c4 in paper4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,wild ,,animals ,,at ,,home1 #aiac with over #aej sketches and photographs by the author4 #bbf pages4 ,price1 #a4ge net4 ,in this ,mr4 ,seton gives for the first time his personal adventures in studying wild animals4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,manual ,,of ,,the ,,woodcraft ,,indians1 #aiae ,the fourteenth ,birch-,bark ,roll4 #ajj pages4 #be;c4 paper1 #ge;c4 cloth4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,wild ,,animal ,,ways1 #aiaf ,more animal stories introducing a host of new four-footed friends1 with #bjj illustrations by the author4 ,net1 #a4ej4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,woodcraft ,,manual ,,for ,,boys1 #aiag ,a handbook of ,woodcraft and outdoor life for members of the ,woodcraft ,league4 #ddj pp4 #gjj ills4 ,price1 #ej;c4 7,doubleday ,page ,co47 ,,woodcraft ,,manual ,,for ,,girls1 #aiag ,like the foregoing but adapted for girls4 #dbd pp41 ,illus4 ,price1 #ej;c4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,the ,,preacher ,,of ,,cedar ,,mountain4 ,a novel4 ,a tale of the open country4 ,net1 #a4ce4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,sign ,,talk ,a ,universal ,signal ,code1 ,without ,apparatus1 for use in the ,army1 the ,navy1 ,camping1 ,hunting1 ,daily ,life and among the ,plains ,indians4 ,net1 #c4jj4 7,doubleday1 ,page ,co47 ,,by ,,mrs4 ,,ernest ,,thompson ,,seton 7,published by ,,doubleday1 ,,page ,,co47 ,a ,,woman ,,tenderfoot1 #aija ,a book of outdoor adventures and camping for women and girls4 ,how to dress for it1 where to go1 and how to profit the most by camp life4 ,price1 #b4jj4 ,,nimrod',s ,,wife1 #aijg ,a companion volume1 giving ,mrs4 ,seton's side of the many camp-fires she and her husband lighted together in the ,rockies from ,canada to ,mexico4 ,price1 #a4ge net4 ,,the ,,country ,,life ,,press ,,garden ,,city1 ,n4 ,y4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes ,variant spelling and hyphenation have been preserved as printed4 ,simple typographical errors have been corrected4 page xlii ,the hands are always held or moved so as to illustrate1,,tn3 changed hyphen to comma page xliv the single-hand alphabet as given in the cut on page li,,tn3 was ,,ii page xlv or1 #8,i have nothing more to say1',,tn3 added closing quote footnote #b ,this would manifest itself in a growing conformity,,tn3 was comformity page #di pointing to left1 rotate a little back and forth4 7,blackfoot47,,tn3 moved period inside closing parenthesis4 page #fj ,fr4 le dner2 ,ger4,,tn3 added period page #fa ,hold out both flat hands1 palms,,tn3 removed comma up1 level1 page #ajg because they chopped their fingers when in mourning47,,tn3 period printed outside parenthesis page #aac ,for ,kill me or ,beat me1 make the sign toward one's self4,,tn3 was a comma page #acb ,money 7,paper74 ,sign ,writing and ,money4,,tn3 added period page #ace ,fr4 le couguar2,,tn3 was a period ,ger4 der ,kuguar4 page #adf ,o,,tn3 added heading page #baf sides of the head like the feathers in a war-bonnet4,,tn3 added period page #bbg ,sometimes1 and particularly with ,northern ,indians1,,tn3 was a period