,transcriber's ,notes3 ,italic text is marked thus4 ,bold text is marked thus4 ,the original accentuation1 punctuation spelling and hyphenation has been retained4 ,on the first page there is mention of #8,one ,large ,sheet of ,details'1 which unfortunately is unavailable4 ,it may have been lost or perhaps was never printed4 ,illustration3 ,scientific ,american ,architects and ,builders ,edition4 ,no4 #bf ,with ,two ,supplements consisting of ,two ,plates in ,colors and ,one ,large ,sheet of ,details4 ,,december1 #ahhg ,single ,copies1 #be ,cents4--#b4ej a ,year ,,copyrighted1 #ahhg1 ,,by ,,munn ,,co4 ,new ,york3 ,published by ,,munn ,,co41 #cfa ,broadway1 corner ,franklin ,street4 ,,economic ,,gas ,,engines4 ,best in principle1 workmanship1 and materials4 ,an unequalled small ,motor adapted to all uses4 ,when the ,motor is not at work1 the expense of running it ceases4 ,simple1 ,safe1 ,economical1 ,durable4 ,no extra ,insurance required4 ,,plumbers' ,,gas ,,engine4 ,especially adapted for pumping water in ,private and ,apartment ,houses1 ,flats1 ,,small ,,hotels1 and many other places4 ,illustration3 ,no4 #f4 #a ,man4 ,capacity #bej ,gallons1 #ej feet high1 per hour4 ,,larger ,,sizes4 ,no4 #g4 ,one,half ,horse1 #fjj ,gallons1 #ej feet ,high1 per ,hour4 ,no4 #h4 ,one ,horse1 - #a1ejj ,,gasoline ,,gas ,,engines4 ,no4 #ae4 ,one ,man1 - #cjj ,gallons1 #ej feet ,high1 per ,hour4 ,no4 #af4 ,one,half ,horse1 #fjj ,no4 #ah1 ,one ,horse1 - #a1ejj ,four ,sizes1 from ,motor for ,sewing ,machine or ,dental ,engine to ,one ,horse ,power4 ,our ,gas ,engines will work satisfactorily when attached to ,gasoline ,machines4 ,,send ,,for ,,illustrated ,,catalogue4 ,economic ,gas ,engine ,co41 ,office and ,salesroom1 #cd ,,dey ,,st41 ,,new ,,york4 ,illustration3 ,,star ,,hack ,,saw4 ,no4 #b4 ,this ,saw is much harder than a file1 and will cut iron almost as fast as it will wood4 ,one saw blade will cut off a bar of halfinch round iron one hundred times4 ,the blade is eight inches long1 and will do most of the sawing required about a house1 shop1 or farm4 ,the ,patent ,frame is made of steel1 polished and nickel plated4 ,it will face the saw in four directions1 as desired4 ,frame and twelve ,saw ,blades sent by mail1 postage prepaid1 on receipt of #a4ej4 ,hardware dealers will furnish them at the same price4 ,all genuine goods are marked with a star and bear our name4 ,we also have full control of the ,star ,bracket ,saws1 and warrant them to be better than any imported blades4 ,,miller',s ,,falls ,,co41 #ic ,reade ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,a ,,first ,,class ,,office ,,building ,,should ,,be ,,furnished ,,with ,a ,u4 ,s4 ,,mail ,,chute 7,,pat',d47 ,connecting ,,every ,,story with ,,the ,u4 ,s4 ,,mail ,,box4 ,,address ,,for ,,circulars1 c41 ,,cutler ,,mf',g4 ,,co4 8,a ,,necessity40 ,sole ,makers1 ,,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,the ,,otis ,,tubular ,,feed ,,water ,,heater ,illustration3 ,feed ,water ,heater4 ,with ,seamless ,brass ,tubes and the most recent improvements4 ,specially adapted for utilizing the exhaust steam of ,,elevator ,,pumps1 both ,passenger and ,freight1 to heat the ,feed ,water for the boilers4 ,we guarantee one square foot of heating surface per horse power4 ,we can give reference from ,heaters already in operation under the same conditions1 giving the best of satisfaction4 ,,manufactured ,,by ,stewart ,heater ,,company1 #dj #db ,clinton ,street1 ,,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,desk4 ,,desks ,,and ,,office ,,furniture ,in ,great ,variety ,,manufactured ,,by ,t4 ,g4 ,,sellew1 #aaa ,fulton ,street1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,the ,,jackson ,heat,saving ,ventilating ,grate ,,combined ,,grate and ,,furnace4 ,,heating on ,,one or ,,two ,floors4 ,illustration3 ,fireplace4 ,greatest variety of rich and chaste designs in plain or oxidized ,iron1 ,steel1 ,nickel,plate1 ,electro,bronze1 ,solid ,brass or ,bronze4 ,largest rooms in coldest climates thoroughly heated4 ,outdoor air warmed by the heat wasted in ordinary grates1 and introduced1 producing perfect ventilation and equable temperature1 without drafts4 ,in use everywhere4 ,illustrated ,catalogues4 ,,edwin ,a4 ,,jackson ,,bro41 #gg ,beekman ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,,architects1 ,,builders6 ,,attention ,,is ,,called ,,to ,,advertisement ,,on ,,page iii4 ,,frank ,b4 ,,mallory4 ,,specifications ,,should ,,include ,folsom's ,patent ,roof ,snow,guards ,illustration3 ,snow ,guards4 ----#cjj1jjj ,,in ,,use4---- ,address1 ,,john ,h4 ,,hiller1 #adjh ,tremont ,st41 ,boston4 ,solid ,braided ,cotton ,sash ,cord4 ,illustration3 ,sash ,cord4 ,the 8,,samson0 ,window ,line does not wear out4 ,save the annoyance of broken cords4 ,samples free on application to the manufacturers4 ,j4 ,p4 ,,tolman ,,co41 #afd ,high ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,the ,asbestos ,packing ,co4 ,illustration3 ,,asbestos ,,removeable ,,covering ,,bostonite ,,asbestos ,,flooring ,,felt c4 ,no4 #a ,,wareproof ,,sheathing ,,the ,a4 ,p4 ,co4 #c ,,ply ,,roofing ,,asbestos ,,cement ,,felting ,,roofing ,,pitch ,,offices3 #afi ,congress ,st41 ,boston4 #cc ,john ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,,brush ,electric ,lights4 ,incandescence ,lights for ,apartment ,houses and ,residences furnished by ,,the ,,brush ,,electric ,,company1 ,,cleveland1 ,,ohio4 ,,new ,,york ,,office3 ,no4 #cf ,union ,square4 ,,chicago ,,office3 ,no4 #acj ,washington ,street4 ,,st4 ,,louis ,,office3 ,no4 #djd ,market ,street4 ,,detroit ,,office3 ,no4 #hh ,griswold ,street4 ,,send ,,for ,,catalogue ,no4 #h4 ,,schumacher ,,ettlinger1 ,,lithographers1 #cb1 #cd and #cf ,bleecker and #caa ,mott ,streets1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,fine ,,color ,,work ,a ,,specialty4 ,,stanley ,,rule ,,level ,,co41 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,improved ,,carpenters' ,,tools4 ,,factories3 ,,new ,,britain1 ,,conn4 ,,sold ,,by ,,all ,,hardware ,,dealers4 ,illustration3 ,stanley's ,universal ,hand ,beader4 ,for ,beading1 ,reeding or ,fluting1 and for all kinds of light ,routering1 this tool is invaluable to woodworkers4 ,seven superior steel cutters go with each tool4 ,both ends are sharpened1 thus embracing six ordinary sizes of ,beads1 four sets of ,reeds1 two ,fluters and a double ,router ,iron 7 and inch74 ,no4 #ff ,iron stock with seven ,steel ,cutters1 #a4jj4 ,illustration3 ,scientific ,american ,,architects ,,and ,,builders ,,edition4 ,entered at the ,post ,office of ,new ,york as ,second ,class ,matter4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,subscription1 #b4ej a ,year4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,december1 #ahhg4 ,single ,copies1 #be ,cents4 ,no4 #f4 ,,the ,,shakespeare ,,memorial ,,at ,,stratford,,upon,,avon4 ,the ,american veneration for the birthplace of ,shakespeare is well known1 and it has just taken practical shape by the presentation to the town of a public drinking fountain and clock tower1 the gift of an ,american citizen1 ,mr4 ,george ,w4 ,childs1 of ,philadelphia1 in commemoration of the jubilee of ,queen ,victoria4 ,the memorial has been erected in ,rother ,street1 a broad open space near the center of the town1 where several thoroughfares converge1 and where the annual statute fairs or 8mops0 take place4 ,the structure is handsome and imposing1 and is built of ,peterhead granite 7for the fountain7 and of hard freestone 7for the clock tower74 ,the base of the tower is square1 with projecting buttresses at the four corners1 terminating in acutely pointed gablets1 surmounted by a lion bearing the arms of ,great ,britain alternately with the ,american eagle and the stars and stripes4 ,appropriate inscriptions are engraved on the four sides of the memorial4 ,the tower terminates in a spire1 beneath and surrounding which are smaller spires and turrets4 ,the whole height of the structure is fifty feet4 ,the architect is ,mr4 ,jethro ,a4 ,cossins1 of ,birmingham4 ,the ceremony of inaugurating the fountain was performed on ,monday1 ,october #ag1 by ,mr4 ,henry ,irving1 in the presence of the ,mayor 7,sir ,arthur ,hodgson1 ,k4,c4,m4,g471 the corporation1 and a distinguished company of visitors4 ,sympathetic letters were read from ,mr4 ,j4 ,russell ,lowell and ,mr4 ,whittier2 and speeches were delivered by ,mr4 ,irving1 by ,mr4 ,phelps1 the ,american ,minister1 ,mr4 ,walter1 of the ,times1 ,sir ,theodore ,martin1 and others4--,london ,graphic4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,shakespeare ,,memorial ,,at ,,stratford,,upon,,avon4 ,optical ,refinements in ,architecture4 ,many architects look upon all refinements of line and curve as so much waste time1 and would as soon think of referring to the original ,latin of ,vitruvius for rules in proportioning their rooms as to consult and apply the corrections of the ,parthenon to their buildings4 ,in sketching out his design to a small scale on a sheet of ,whatman's drawing paper1 the architect does so without any further thought than to produce a convenient plan or a well grouped elevation4 ,any infinitesimal correction to the straight line or entasis would be inappreciable to the naked eye on the surface of paper the inequalities of which would render it worthless2 nor does he take much trouble in the proportions of his rooms1 so long as they look right and fit well4 ,if such refinements are to be made1 they should be shown in large drawings1 or set out to the full size on the works by proper rules and other instruments4 ,the task is laborious and troublesome1 and contract prices are little in sympathy with such niceties of adjustment4 ,even of the more practicable mode of adopting certain ratios and proportions1 the architect does not avail himself very much4 ,we do not say that every horizontal beam--such as an entablature supported by columns at intervals--ought to be 8corrected0 by the application of a parabolic curve1 or that every string course and cornice should be arranged to curve or bend upward2 but we contend that these refinements ought to be made in interiors wherever the lines are long1 and contrasting lines and surfaces occur in juxtaposition2 that they are1 in truth1 applying precisely the same principle of correction as the colorist or decorator would apply when he takes care to juxtapose two colors or shades which shall be complementary to or harmonize with each other4 ,it is painful to witness in modern buildings a perfect ignoring of these principles of design4 ,we go into a public hall or concert room1 and take our seat4 ,the flat coffered ceiling appears to be literally bending or falling upon our heads4 ,to make the impression still more apparent1 the architect has introduced a circular or flatly curved arch over the orchestral recess4 ,if the ceiling is a flat curve1 as it often is1 the trusses are1 perhaps1 brought down below and incased1 their lower edges being made perfectly horizontal1 the two lines serving to increase the difference between them2 in other words1 to make the trusses look as if they were deflecting4 ,mr4 ,pennethorne1 some years ago1 showed that the masses of the temples of ,athens and ,rome were designed on perspective principles--that is to say1 the masses and many of the details were designed as they were intended to be viewed4 ,the point of sight was always before the architect--that is to say1 he studied the effect of his entablatures1 abaci1 and other masses of details from points of view that were likely to be frequented4 ,it is well known that the various sections through the ,doric capitals1 the mouldings1 and other parts of ,athenian buildings1 were composed of different arcs of the conic sections4 ,mr4 ,pennethorne says that the ,greek entablature is perspectively proportioned and arranged to suit the given points of sight thus3 ,the apparent height of entablature is measured in seconds upon the arc of a great circle4 8,then1 dividing this whole apparent height into some given number of aliquot parts1 measured also in seconds1 the apparent height of the architrave1 of the frieze1 and cornice will1 in each case1 be a multiple of this given modulus4 ,again1 by dividing the first modulus into a given number of apparent aliquot parts1 a second modulus is obtained1 by which the apparent heights of all the details of the cornice of architrave and frieze will be regulated1 and the true lineal heights are then all determined by trigonometrical calculations40 ,in short1 all the visible heights of features are1 upon this principle1 regulated from a given point1 the real elevational height of each part being afterward found4 ,this system of proportion would probably entail too much labor upon the architect to work out with any accuracy1 and may be looked upon as chimerical4 ,but we see instances every day of positive ignorance of these principles1 especially in the designing of mouldings1 projecting features1 and towers4 ,if the architect is too impatient to make nice corrections in the manner we have pointed out1 he ought at least to take the trouble necessary to regulate his heights and masses before inking in his elevations4 ,sketching in perspective is a valuable auxiliary in designing roughly the masses of a building2 but some more accurate method is required in perspectively setting out the heights of stories1 entablatures1 parapets1 towers1 and other features4 ,this can only be done by adjusting all heights from a given point of sight1 or upon the arc of a circle described from the said point4 ,an elevation is misleading1 as every architect knows who has suffered disappointment after the building is finished4 ,it only gives vertical heights1 which may be very much curtailed or foreshortened in the actual view of the building from the opposite side of the street1 for example4 ,many towers and spires have been spoiled by designing them in elevation instead of at the angle4 ,in broach spires we find a want of care in one particular above the others4 ,the broach is designed on the level4 ,the hips of the broach are made to look gentle in elevation1 but when raised above the eye #fj or #ajj feet1 they become so depressed as to give a very ungraceful and abrupt springing to the spire4 ,we may instance the want of entasis to spires and columns4 ,every one who has a critical sense of vision must have observed the apparent weakness there is in a spire that has perfectly straight sides1 when compared with one which has been entasised1 and the same with all columns4 ,here also the method to insure the correction can be easily applied4 ,the more important of these refinements are capable of being made at the initial stage of design1 without recourse to decimals of two or three removes from the decimal point1 or to mathematical calculations4--,abstract from the ,building ,news4 ,testing ,pile,protecting ,compounds4 ,in #ahhb several piles1 coated with various patent antiteredo coverings1 were driven in the harbor of ,san ,francisco for the purpose of testing them4 ,recently ,engineer ,manson began pulling up the piles in order to see the result of the experiments4 ,a pile coated with ,pearce's compound1 composed of paraffine1 limestone1 kaolin1 etc41 was found to be completely honeycombed by the teredos4 ,the eucalyptus and cedar piles were also nearly destroyed4 ,in #ahhd the two piles incased by ,a4 ,w4 ,von ,schmidt in sewer pipe and cement1 the twentythree coated by ,frank ,shay with asphalt and wire cloth1 the ten of ,mc,keon ,co41 coated with warm cement containing a poisonous substance1 and those of ,w4 ,h4 ,hayes1 coated with ,portland cement1 etc41 were examined by ,colonel ,mendel and ,mr4 ,manson4 ,all showed signs of having proved failures4 ,the insect is ahead of the inventors up to date4 ,a ,tower on the ,mount of ,olives4 ,the tower which is being erected by the ,russians on the highest point of the ,mount of ,olives is already several stories high1 but one more is to be added4 ,the object is to make it so high that both the ,mediterranean and the ,dead ,sea may be seen from the top4 ,a number of bells will be placed in the tower4 ,in digging the foundation1 several ,christian graves were found1 together with an inscription in ,greek1 in which the word 8,stephanus0 could yet be deciphered4 ,scientific ,american4 ,,established #ahde4 ,,munn ,,co41 ,editors and ,proprietors1 ,no4 #cfa ,,broadway1 ,,new ,,york4 ,o4 ,d4 ,,munn4 ,a4 ,e4 ,,beach4 ,,new ,,york1 ,,december1 #ahhg4 ,,the ,,scientific ,,american1 ,,architects ,,and ,,builders ,,edition4 #b4ej a ,year1 ,single ,copies1 #be cents4 ,this is a ,special ,edition of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american1 issued monthly4 ,each number contains about forty large quarto pages1 forming1 practically1 a large and splendid ,magazine of ,architecture1 richly adorned with elegant plates in colors and with fine engravings2 illustrating the most interesting examples of modern ,architectural ,construction and allied subjects4 ,a special feature is the presentation in each number of a variety of the latest and best plans for private residences1 city and country1 including those of very moderate cost as well as the more expensive4 ,drawings in perspective and in color are given1 together with full ,plans1 ,specifications1 ,costs1 ,bills of ,estimate1 and ,sheets of ,details4 ,no other building paper contains so many plans1 details1 and specifications regularly presented as the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,hundreds of dwellings have already been erected on the various plans we have issued1 and many others are in process of construction4 ,all who contemplate building or improving homes1 of erecting structures of any kind1 have before them in this work an almost endless series of the latest and best examples from which to make selections1 thus saving time and money4 ,many other subjects1 including ,sewerage1 ,piping1 ,lighting1 ,warming1 ,ventilating1 ,decorating1 ,laying ,out of ,grounds1 etc41 are illustrated4 ,an extensive ,compendium of ,manufacturers' ,announcements is also given1 in which the most reliable and approved ,building ,materials1 ,goods1 ,machines1 ,tools1 and ,appliances are described and illustrated1 with addresses of the makers1 etc4 ,the fullness1 richness1 cheapness1 and convenience of this work have won for it the ,largest ,circulation of any ,architectural publication in the world4 ,an ,increase of ,trade will necessarily accrue to all ,manufacturers and ,dealers whose establishments are conspicuously represented in this important edition of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american4 ,terms for advertising very moderate4 ,a card of rates sent on application4 ,bound ,volumes4--,two volumes are published annually4 ,volumes #a1 #b1 #c1 and #d1 which include all the numbers of this work from commencement to close of #ahhg1 may now be obtained at this office or from ,booksellers and ,newsdealers4 ,price1 bound in paper1 #a4ej per volume4 ,these volumes contain all the colored plates1 sheets of details1 specifications1 and all the other interesting matter pertaining to the work4 ,they are of great permanent value4 ,forwarded to any address4 ,,munn ,,co41 ,publishers1 #cfa ,,broadway1 ,,new ,,york4 ,for additional information concerning any of the plans or buildings illustrated in these pages1 address ,,munn ,,co41 as above4 ,,concerning ,,agents4 ,customers who pay money to subscription agents or brokers do so at their own risk4 ,care should be taken to deal only with known1 responsible1 and reliable parties4 ,we send no papers until we receive the subscription price2 and no person is authorized to represent us1 act for us1 or receipt for us4 ,,munn ,,co41 ,publishers1 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,,contents ,of the ,december number of the ,,architects ,,and ,,builders ,,edition of ,,scientific ,,american4 7,illustrated articles are marked with an asterisk47 ,arch construction #aca ,architectural era #abi ,architecture1 optical refinements in #aai ,ash1 white #abe ,bamboo tree #abc ,bathing establishment and casino in ,vittel 7,vosges799 #acd ,beams1 iron1 in place of wood #acc ,board1 sounding1 in ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral #adb ,books for architects1 builders1 etc xiii ,bricks1 fire #abf ,building1 a great #adj ,cement1 ,portland #abf ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 building in #aci ,chateau at ,castelnaudary99 #acj ,chimes for churches1 new form of99 #acb ,chimes1 tube #acb ,chimneys1 removal of #acb ,church1 unsafe #abf ,college for women1 the ,john ,crouse memorial99 #aci ,compounds1 pile protecting1 testing #aai ,correction1 a #abj ,cottage1 a ,french99 #abb ,cottage for #d1bjj99 #acf1 #adj ,cottage1 sketch for a99 #ace ,drain pipes and wells #acj ,dwelling1 a #d1bjj99 #ach ,dwelling of moderate cost99 #abj ,dwellings at ,glenridge99 #abf ,engine1 ,charter gas and gasoline #adb ,fever1 typhoid1 carried by well water #abf ,fireproof structures99 #abd ,fireside1 cheerful1 how to make99 #adb ,flues1 chimney1 construction of #abd ,forestry problem1 our #abb ,foundations in wet ground #adb ,furnace1 hot air1 the 8,fortune099 #adb ,gangways vs4 staircases #acc ,grown1 how we have #ace ,heater1 ,wainwright99 #adb ,hemlock #abg ,home1 ,florence ,nightingale's99 #acb ,homes of factory operatives99 #acc ,house1 #b1ejj ,california99 #abh ,ice house1 how to build #acj ,ink1 marking1 blue #abi ,keystones1 ornamental99 #abe ,library1 curious #ach ,memorial1 ,shakespeare1 at ,stratfordupon,avon99 #aai ,mortar1 sugar #abb ,nails #acj ,notes and queries vi1 x ,painting #acb ,pavements1 cedar #abg ,pine woods #acd ,planer1 improved double surface99 #adb ,plants for room decoration #ada ,plate1 roofing1 a large contract for #abj ,plumbing1 not defective #adb ,protection1 fire #adj ,rabbit remedy #acj ,readers and patrons1 to our #abj ,residence1 a suburban99 #aba ,residence for #e1jjj99 #acg1 #adj ,residence for #h1jjj99 #abc ,roburite--a new explosive99 #acc ,roofing plate1 contract for1 large #abj ,rooms1 proportions of #adj ,saw1 band1 hand and foot power99 #adb ,sawdust #abe ,stable costing #e1ejj99 #adj ,statue1 marble1 how made #aci ,suggestion1 a good #ace ,temple1 ,egyptian #abd ,tower on the ,mount of ,olives #aai ,trees1 roadside1 in ,belgium #abd ,victory1 tower of #ace ,walls of burning buildings1 collapse of #abg ,walter1 ,thomas ,ustick #acd ,yard1 back1 the #acd ,,to ,,our ,,readers ,,and ,,patrons4 ,the present number closes our fourth volume and brings us to the end of another year4 ,many subscriptions now terminate1 and we ask our patrons to be prompt in sending their renewals1 thus avoiding the loss of any numbers4 ,the terms are only #b4ej a year4 ,considering the wealth of illustration1 the variety and value of information presented1 this work is by far the cheapest of anything in the same line4 ,to builders1 and those contemplating the erection of dwellings or other structures1 our paper has proved to be of great value4 ,with every number1 during the past two years1 we have given plates in colors of many new buildings1 with specifications1 accompanied by extra special sheets of details4 ,in most cases these have been so complete as to enable the builder and contractor to proceed at once with the construction2 and on the plans thus presented1 thousands of new buildings have been erected in all parts of the country4 ,in almost every town in the land attractive dwellings are now to be seen1 which1 on inquiry1 will be found to have been built from ,,scientific ,,american plans4 ,no architectural publication in the world presents to its patrons so many practical specifications and drawings without cost1 except the merely nominal subscription rate of #b4ej a year4 ,it is hardly necessary to remind the builder that he would be obliged to pay several hundred dollars if the same number of plans were to be specially prepared for him4 ,in addition to the colored plates1 details1 and specifications1 we have furnished a large number of other new architectural illustrations and many pages of valuable information4 ,in all1 the past year's volumes include about one thousand engravings4 ,we remind our readers of these items with the hope they will mention them to their friends1 and1 if possible to secure a new subscription1 to send it in with the renewal of their own4 ,our aim is to improve and enlarge the sphere of work1 rendering it more and more valuable4 ,to this end we need the support and encouragement of as many subscribers as possible4 ,if each one of our friends will do a little for us in this direction1 all the parties concerned will derive benefit4 ,if any of readers have inquiries to be answered1 or suggestions to make1 relating to subjects or features they would like to see treated in our paper1 we shall1 at all times1 be pleased to hear from them4 ,architects and builders who desire to see their plans reproduced in our pages are also invited to communicate with the editor4 ,a ,,correction4 ,in our ,november number an error was made in the estimate given for the #b1ejj house illustrated in our colored plate4 ,the cost should have been stated at #c1djj4 ,in some way the bill for mason work and painting was omitted4 ,these additions and other modifications bring the cost up to the above sum4 ,a ,,suburban ,,residence4 ,one of our colored plates this month represents a suburban dwelling built of dark trap rock1 trimmed with buff brick1 and roofed with ornamental stamped iron plates4 ,it is now being constructed in ,new ,jersey1 by days' work1 at a cost of about #i1bej4 ,the following is an abstract from the ,,specifications4 ,,mason ,,work4 ,excavating4--,excavation under the entire house to a depth of about #d4 ,cellar ,walls4--,cellar walls built of good sized trap rock4 ,all necessary bluestone sills1 cellar steps1 and copings1 fine tooled brownstone steps for stoops1 also fine tooled brownstone sills for the doors and windows above cellar4 ,walls4--,all stone walls above cellar are medium sized trap rock and well selected1 pointed with black mortar4 ,brick ,trimmings4--,buff brick used for trimmings1 as shown on the plans1 laid in mortar same color as brick4 ,chimneys4--,chimneys built of trap rock and buff brick1 and topped out as shown on the plans4 ,fireplaces4--,fireplaces built where shown1 of white fire brick1 and the hearths laid in tile4 ,stone ,steps4--,stone steps from main entrance to ground4 ,porch ,floor4--,porch floor is cemented with ,portland cement4 ,cementing4--,the entire cellar bottom is cemented #c0 thick with concrete and ,portland cement4 ,plastering4--,the entire first and second stories are plastered threecoat work1 hard finished4 ,cornices in principal part of first story and second story hall4 ,center pieces in rooms to correspond4 ,,carpentry4 ,timber4--,timber all well seasoned spruce4 ,floor timbers1 #b #aj1 #ab on centers4 ,studding1 #c #d4 ,main rafters1 #b #h1 #bd on center4 ,cornice4--,the cornice is formed of wood heavily moulded4 ,roof4--,the rafters are covered with hemlock boards1 then covered with ornamental iron plates laid on tar felt4 ,valleys and gutters1 ,,xx tin4 ,leaders1 galvanized iron4 ,the ridge is ornamental iron work4 ,floors4--,the floors throughout are double4 ,the upper floors are narrow white pine1 except hall and kitchen4 ,the hall is narrow oak1 the kitchen narrow white maple1 the bath rooms are white maple4 ,the main hall is paneled wainscot1 #d high4 ,kitchen and bath rooms wainscoted with narrow beaded strips of maple4 ,the trimmings throughout1 except main hall1 will be selected white pine4 ,hall to be of white oak4 ,doors to be six paneled4 ,main stairs and balustrade to be white oak4 ,others stairs white pine1 with ,georgia pine treads4 ,inside blinds throughout4 ,plain bronze hardware on principal part of first story4 ,jet and bronze for balance4 ,painting4--,the wood and iron work on the outside will be painted three coats4 ,the inside will be wood filled and have two coats of hard oil4 ,plumbing4--,the apparatus for plumbing work located as shown on the plans4 ,to be piped and arranged for water pressure4 ,range4--,the kitchen to have an approved low down range1 fitted in fireplace4 ,heater4--,there will be placed in the cellar a ,no4 #ad combination steam and hot air heater4 ,,estimate ,,of ,,cost4 ,mason work1 complete #d1djj ,carpenter and roof work #c1djj ,painting #bjj ,plumbing1 gas pipes1 etc4 #fej ,steam heating #fjj ------------ #i1bej ,a ,,large ,,contract ,,for ,,roofing ,,plate4 ,the interesting picture of the ,western ,tennessee ,hospital for the ,insane1 at ,bolivar1 in that ,state1 which will be found in our advertising pages1 will command the attention of humanitarians and administrators everywhere4 ,such buildings1 devoted to such purposes1 are not frequently to be met with4 ,the announcement made in connection therewith1 that the ,alderly brand of square ,terne plate was selected by the commissioners for the roof1 gutters1 and valleys of the structure1 requiring over #a1jjj boxes of roofing plate1 presents1 in a forcible way1 the claims of that article4 ,it is manufactured and sold by ,messrs4 ,gummey1 ,spering1 ,ingram ,co41 of ,philadelphia1 ,pa41 and ,liverpool1 ,england4 ,a ,,dwelling ,,of ,,moderate ,,cost4 ,this cottage is built in ,plymouth ,park1 ,buzzard's ,bay1 near ,wareham1 ,mass41 one of the most charming locations on the ,new ,england coast4 ,from the veranda a beautiful view is obtained of the bay and coast4 ,the cottage is erected on one of the knolls 7which is one of the features of the park71 and has for a background a grove of pine and oak trees4 ,the shingles are treated with 8,cabot's creosote stains0 of the following colors3 ,on roofs1 a steel gray1 and on sides1 sienna4 ,the clapboards are painted a light olive green and trimmed with bronze green and ,indian red4 ,the studs of hall1 dining room1 and parlor are exposed1 and together with underboarding and beams overhead are planed and sandpapered1 and all woodwork is given two coats of shellac of light finish4 ,the second floor is plastered 7sand finish74 ,the contract price for cottage was #b1hjj complete4 ,the architect is ,chas4 ,e4 ,miller1 #adi ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,specification4 ,,general ,,conditions4 ,the contractor is to give his personal superintendence to the work1 and to furnish all transportation1 labor1 materials1 apparatus1 scaffolding1 and utensils needful for performing the work in the best workmanlike manner1 according to the true intent and meaning of the drawings and these specifications1 which are intended to be cooperative1 and when anything is shown on plans and not mentioned in specification1 or vice versa1 the same is to be furnished as though it were both shown and specified4 ,this specification and the drawings annexed are intended to include everything requisite to the proper and entire finishing of carpenter's1 mason's1 and plumber's work1 and the same shall be furnished1 notwithstanding every item necessarily involved in the above words is not particularly mentioned4 ,all work when finished is to be delivered up in an undamaged state1 without exception1 except where otherwise specified1 all materials to be of their respective kinds1 and all labor to be done in the best workmanlike manner1 to the full satisfaction of owner4 ,should the contractor introduce1 at any time1 materials different from the sort and quality herein specified1 the same shall be removed and made good at the contractor's expense4 ,the contractor will be held responsible for all portions of the work let to him4 ,the contractor shall make no alterations of the drawings or specification1 but should any error or inconsistency appear in these1 it shall be the duty of the contractor to duly notify architect1 who will make proper adjustment4 ,the contractor is to give to the proper authorities all requisite notices of the work in his charge1 obtain official permits and licenses for temporary obstructions and pay all proper fees for the same1 and to be solely answerable for all damage to neighboring premises or to the person or property of the public by himself or his men or through any operatives under his charge1 whether in contract or extra work4 ,contractor is to protect his work from frost until building is finished1 and is to cart away all rubbish and leave the whole broom clean4 ,all drawings1 etc41 are to be returned to the architect1 and are not to be used for any other building4 ,,carpenter4 ,scantling4--,sills over piers #f #h1 sills that rest on stone wall #d #f1 all to be halved and pinned at angles4 ,plates #d #d1 posts #d #f1 girts #d #d1 braces #b #d1 studding #b #d4 ,the studding of hall1 parlor1 and dining room to be planed and chamfered4 ,partition caps #b #d to be planed in the above rooms4 ,soles #b #d as well4 ,first floor beams #b #h1 #af on centers4 ,second floor #b #h1 #af on centers1 and to be dressed when exposed in above rooms4 ,attic beams #b #h1 #af on centers4 ,all beams under partitions to be doubled and spiked4 ,trimmers ditto4 ,main ,roof4--,rafters #b #h1 #b on centers4 ,valley rafters #c #aj4 ,veranda4--,girders #d #h1 floor beams #b #f1 #b on centers4 ,rafters #b #f 7dressed74 ,posts constructed of studs4 ,hemlock boards and shingles4 ,veranda roof timber will be exposed and dressed1 floor to be merchantable yellow pine1 free from large loose knots1 shakes1 or sap4 ,balcony floors to be covered with heavy canvas and slushed over with metallic paint1 to be graded away from wall of house4 ,framing4--,the house to be framed and braced in a perfect and substantial manner1 and to be perfectly plumb and true4 ,all beams to be spiked together where practicable1 so as to form tie across building4 ,all framing of beams to be with tenon and tusk4 ,roofs strongly framed and cross bridges1 first and third tier of beams4 ,gutters on roof to be hung of galvanized iron4 ,veranda to be built in and lined with ,merchant ,company's roofing tin 7or plates74 ,there will be three #d galvanized iron leaders for main roof1 and one in front for veranda4 7,see plans47 ,gables4--,construct gables as shown4 ,roofing4--,cover all roofs with sawed pine shingles #f #ah1 three shingles to the lap4 ,on main roofs these to be nailed on shingle laths2 on veranda roofs1 on spruce boards1 underside dressed 7as specified74 ,flashing of ,merchant ,company's old method roofing plates4 ,flash around chimney1 valleys1 and junction of roofs with walls of house4 ,walls4--,the walls of hall1 dining room1 and parlor to be covered with good pine boards dressed on exposed side2 all other underboarding to be of hemlock of even thickness4 ,over this cover walls with felt paper1 and then on first story cover paper with clear pine clapboards #e to weather4 ,above felt cover paper with #f #af sawed pine shingles not more than #f to weather4 ,between partitions of hall1 dining room1 and parlor fit pine boards1 dressed on both sides1 with round mould to keep panel in place2 the sheathing on other sides of room dressed on one side2 boards not more than #e wide4 ,bases4--,form base as shown of #a thick pine4 ,casings4--#a thick and #b wide4 ,furring4--,fur out the walls of stairs to cellar 7corner boards to be #d wide1 #a thick2 put on angle beads where necessary74 ,outside ,step4-- thick riser1 #a thick tread4 ,flooring4--,first and second floors to be made of good ,t4 and ,g4 yellow pine in rooms over hall1 parlor1 and dining room2 to be dressed on both sides2 third floor spruce2 all to be not more than #e wide4 ,partitions4--,set the partitions between hall1 parlor1 dining room1 pantry1 kitchen1 and cellar stairs with #b #d spruce1 studs dressed and chamfered4 7,note4--,this is to be done so as to make a uniform appearance in hall1 dining room1 and parlor47 ,studs of all other partitions of hemlock4 ,construct woodwork between piers1 as shown4 ,interior ,stock4--,all the stock for inside finish to be best quality1 well seasoned1 smoothed1 and sandpapered1 and1 unless otherwise specified1 of white pine4 ,hardwood saddles for all hearths and door openings4 ,architraves4--,all doors and windows to have #e plain architrave with moulding and bead on ends4 ,no splicing allowed4 ,doors4--,front door to be #b thick1 of design shown 7cherry74 ,all other doors to have #a thick four paneled stock door 7local manufacture71 and1 unless otherwise shown1 to be #b #f #g #f4 ,the openings from hall to parlor and dining room to be3 hall and parlor1 #g #g #f2 hall and dining room1 #f #g #f4 ,bases #f high1 moulded 7in bed rooms1 closets1 and pantries74 ,door ,frames4--,all door frames to have #a thick jamb1 with stops nailed on4 ,window ,frames4--,all windows1 unless otherwise shown1 to have box frames with pockets2 sills to have subsill1 upper sill1 plowed1 etc41 and given proper pitch4 ,sashes4--,all sashes to be #a thick1 with lights as shown1 and to have moulded sash bars4 ,all sliding sashes to be double hung1 the best steel axle pulleys1 hemp sash cords1 and iron weights4 ,cellar windows to have plank frame hinged at top4 ,casements to be hinged and have spring catches4 ,bath ,room4--,sheathe up sides of bath tub1 riser of water closet and basin1 with clear white pine thick2 wainscoating of bath room of same stuff #d #f high with neat mould on top4 ,make a batten door under basin with catch1 etc4 ,door in riser of and in top of water closet and bath to be black walnut put on with brass screws4 ,closets4--,fit up closets1 except as otherwise specified1 with one shelf1 and cleat under for books4 ,bed room in attic to be furred as shown4 ,dressers4--,fit up dresser in kitchen of clear white pine1 glass doors at top and drawers and cupboards under2 dressers in pantry to be the same4 ,blinds4--,provide and hang to all windows of first and second floors #a outside blinds of two folds properly hinged1 and having rolling slats4 ,base ,knobs4--,to all doors1 and to have rubber tips4 ,hardware4--,butts4--,all doors to be properly hung with japanned butts of requisite sizes4 ,locks4--,the front door to be supplied with brass faced mortise1 patent reversible front door knob lock with night work1 with two keys to each combination1 and brass striking plate4 ,all other doors 7except closets7 to have #d mortised locks1 brass face and brass striking plate4 ,closets to have rim locks4 ,all locks to have brass keys4 ,knobs4--,the front door to have a plain #b round bronze knob1 with bronze rose and drop escutcheon to match4 ,all other knobs to be 7black7 terra cotta with bronze iron mounting1 etc4 ,bell pulls4--,the bell pull to front door to be bronze1 to match front door hardware4 ,bolts4--,the rear door to kitchen to have two barrel bolts2 door to cellar one1 doors to bulkhead to have brass padlock with staples1 etc4 ,drawer pulls4--,drawers to have bronzed iron drawer pulls4 ,sash fasts4--,all double hung windows on first floor to have ,morris patent selflocking sash fasts1 to be of bronzed iron4 ,put on patent fasts to all casements1 windows4 ,hooks4--,put heavy1 triple hooks of japanned cast iron to all closets1 #h apart4 ,screws4--,all hinges1 etc41 to be securely put in place with steel screws of proper size4 ,bell hanging4--,put in a large gong for front door1 properly connect with wire1 etc4 ,stairs4--,main stairs to have an open string moulded and nosing to return on ends and carried around well4 ,risers thick1 tread #a thick3 tread and risers housed into wall string and treads plowed into risers2 risers plowed into the underside of the tread4 ,the outer string to be #a thick1 and beaded on lower edge4 ,all to be of clear pine4 ,the stairs to have cherry newel1 #e #e1 turned4 ,cherry rail1 #b #c4 ,balusters1 #c on each tread1 #a #a2 all to be solidly put together and wedged4 ,cellar stairs to have #a thick strings1 sawed to receive #a treads2 all of spruce4 ,attic stairs to have #a strings1 plowed to receive risers and treads2 all of spruce4 ,,painting4 ,all shingles of walls and roof to be stained with ,cabot's best creosote stains1 of colors selected by architect4 ,the clapboards to receive two coats of best white lead and linseed oil finish1 in colors as directed4 ,hardwood4--,the newel1 rail1 and balusters to be filled with three coats of hard oil1 rubbed to a dead finish4 ,the studs and beams overhead in dining room1 parlor1 and hall to have two coats of shellac 7or ,wheeler's hard finish74 ,all other woodwork the same4 ,glazing4--,all glass to be double thick ,american1 of number of lights shown2 all to be well puttied and tacked1 thoroughly cleaned1 and left whole and perfect4 ,all small lights to have cathedral glass1 selected4 ,,mason4 ,excavation4--,excavate for all cellar wall piers1 etc41 as shown4 ,dump the earth where directed1 and leave the premises clear after building is finished4 ,piers #c below surface4 ,cement1 ,lime1 and ,sand4--,all lime used in the mason's work to be extra ,no4 #a ,rockland lime4 ,cement1 best quality ,rosendale of approved brand4 ,sand to be clean and sharp1 and all to be used in proper proportions4 ,foundations4--,furnish all materials and build walls1 unless otherwise shown1 #a #f thick of stone laid in lime and cement mortar in equal portions1 and clean1 sharp sand in proper proportion2 the whole to be well bonded and trowel jointed inside and out4 ,hearths4--,hearths to be of ,portland cement1 with lampblack to give color4 ,bluestone4--,chimney cap to be of bluestone in one piece1 holes for flues cut in4 ,cellar stairs as shown4 ,brickwork4--,brickwork of chimney to be selected1 on exposed places jointed in red mortar1 all to be hard1 well burned brick4 ,build in register flue in kitchen breast where directed and #f ,c4 ,i4 thimble where shown4 ,build in breast of chimney on second floor #e ,c4 ,i4 thimble1 #b #f from floor4 ,trimmer ,arches4--,turn trimmer arches over all fireplace openings4 ,,plasterer4 ,laths4--,laths to be best seasoned pine1 free from all imperfections1 laid apart and breaking joint4 ,plaster4--,plaster will be two coat work1 the second to be white sand finish1 well floated4 ,the first coat to be best ,rockland lime and clean sharp sand1 well mixed with long cattle or goat hair1 to be thoroughly worked and stacked1 all to be well troweled and made perfectly true4 ,patch up and repair all plastering at completion of building4 ,,plumber4 ,lead ,pipes4--,the lead pipes through to be ,,aa lead pipe4 ,the waste pipes to be heavy2 all joints between lead pipes to be heavily wiped1 and joints between lead and iron pipes to be made with brass ferrules wiped into lead pipe and calked into iron pipe with molten lead and oakum4 ,iron ,pipes4--,iron pipes to be heavy ,c4 ,i4 soil pipe1 free from all imperfections1 and of uniform thickness2 thoroughly coated inside and out with coal tar4 ,all joints to be calked tight with molten lead and oakum4 ,drain ,pipe4--,from point marked on plans run a four inch ,c4 ,i4 pipe to roof1 making all proper branches for water closets1 baths1 basins1 tubs1 sinks1 and at roof to be capped with ,smith's patent ventilating cap4 ,at foot of this place a #d running trap1 with hole for cleaning out1 and an inlet to run out under servants' water closet4 ,all branches to be ,y branches1 #d for water closet1 and #b for basins1 sink1 etc4 ,plumber to make connections with street pipe4 ,lead ,supply ,pipe4--,run from point marked on plans a lead pipe4 ,place at the beginning of this a rough round way lever handle1 stop and waste cock4 ,connect with main supply4 ,from the lead pipe make all proper connections for water closets1 tubs1 baths1 and sink with pipe1 all to be graded so as to empty at stock cock4 ,in kitchen1 over sink1 put two cocks 7lever handle71 so as to control supply of hot and cold water to second floor1 the same to empty in the sink4 ,boiler4--,furnish and set where shown in kitchen a heavy #cj gallon galvanized iron boiler with stand complete4 ,the boiler to be supplied with water through a branch of lead pipe1 and connect with water tank of range with a extra strong lead pipe1 the other part of boiler to be fitted up with strong lead pipe with sediment cock1 and the required length of light lead pipe to empty into sink trap 7boiler to have a safety attachment74 ,furnish and put on to supply to boiler in the most convenient place a finished lever handled stop cock to control supply to boiler4 ,from head of boiler run lines of lead pipe to supply sink and tubs in kitchen1 basin1 and bath tub on second floor4 ,sink4--,furnish and set up 7and of size shown7 a plain ,c4 ,i4 sink with slate back4 ,to be set on ,c4 ,i4 legs1 to be supplied with hot and cold water through lead pipe1 drawn through compression bibb cocks1 one hose1 the other plain1 wasted through heavy lead ,s trap calked into iron pipe as specified4 ,tubs4--,furnish and set up tubs of size shown1 supplied and wasted the same as sink1 but to have brass plugs and safety chains4 ,tubs of wood well dovetailed4 ,wash ,basin4--,furnish and fit up 7of size shown7 in bath room a #a thick ,italian marble slab1 countersunk and moulded on edges1 backs #aj high1 the slab to be fitted with a #ab marble pattern basin 7overflow7 well fitted to slab1 with brass clamps1 etc4 ,the basin to be supplied with hot and cold water through silver plated compression basin bibb cocks 771 wasted through #b lead pipe and ,s trap1 silver plated basin plug and safety chain4 ,bath4--,furnish and fit up bath of size shown1 #ad ounce copper tinned and planished1 tub to be supplied with hot and cold water through lead pipe1 and drawn through bath silver plated compression cocks4 ,wasted through #b lead ,s trap4 ,silver plated plug and safety chain4 ,note4--,all lead ,s traps to have brass trap screws for cleaning4 ,water ,closet4--,water closet in bath to be a ,demarest or ,manhattan patent long oval flushing rim earthenware hopper1 automatic seat1 all complete1 with waste preventing cistern1 to be copper lined2 supply through lead pipe connected to main supply2 to have heavy last lead trap1 properly connected with soil pipe4 ,connect from cistern to hopper with #a light lead pipe so as to get good flush4 ,the water closet for servants to be enameled iron hopper with cistern1 etc41 as above4 99 99 99 99 99 ,it is said that the ova of tapeworms are frequently deposited in the wrinkles of a lettuce leaf and near the mid rib of a cabbage leaf1 and so it behooves those wishing uncooked leaves of any kind to have them carefully washed4 ,a ,,french ,,cottage4 ,we publish herewith the plans for a house designed by ,m4 ,a4 ,fatalot and erected by ,m4 ,valette1 architect4 ,it is built on the side of the terrace 7,rue ,babie71 on the green hills which overlook the ,seine4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,french ,,cottage--,,hotel ,,de ,,peintre1 ,a ,,meudon4 ,the construction is very simple4 ,the architect was1 in fact1 asked to use the strictest economy4 ,the first floor1 built over a cellar1 consists simply of a vestibule1 ,a1 which opens into a dining room1 ,c1 a bed room1 ,d1 a kitchen1 ,b1 the water closets1 ,e1 and the stairway4 ,the latter is constructed of wood and leads to the second story1 which serves as both studio and drawing room4 ,this room is lighted by the large window shown in our perspective view4 ,the walls of the building are of stone--stone from ,meudon1 nicely colored--and ,bourgogne bricks of different shades form the design of the frieze4 ,the basement is of dressed stone2 the pediments of the gables and the cornice are covered with a plaster of sand and mortar colored in imitation of stone4 ,the tops of the pediments are decorated with ,parvillee faience4 ,the perron is of ,bagneux stone and the mullions and supports of ,euville stone4 ,the following is a detailed list of the expenses3 ,masonry #a1dhj ,carpenter work #bfe ,plumbing1 etc4 #aff ,joiner's work #dfb ,locksmith's work #cae ,heater1 etc4 #gd ,painting and glazing #ib ------------ #b1hed ,salaries #bjj ------------ #c1jed ,our ,forestry ,problem4 ,according to latest estimates1 we consume yearly1 with our present population of sixty millions1 not less than twenty billion cubic feet of wood4 ,the amount is made up1 in round figures1 in the following manner3 #b1ejj1jjj1jjj feet for lumber market and wood manufactures2 #cfj1jjj1jjj feet for railroad construction2 #bej1jjj1jjj feet for charcoal2 #ejj1jjj1jjj feet for fence material1 etc42 #ag1ejj1jjj1jjj feet for fuel4 ,to this it will be safe to add1 for wasteful practices and for the destruction by yearly conflagrations1 at the least1 twentyfive per cent4 ,the average yearly growth of wood per acre in the well stocked and well cared for forests of ,germany has been computed at fifty cubic feet4 ,applying this figure to our present requirements1 we should have an area of not less than five hundred million acres in well stocked forest to give us a continual supply of all kinds for our present needs4 ,now1 a careful canvass made four years ago developed the result that the existing forest area in the ,united ,states1 excluding ,alaska and ,indian ,territory1 comprised almost five hundred million acres 7#dhi1bhj1jjj72 but it is well known to everybody who is acquainted with our forests that they cannot compare in yield with the average ,european ,continental forests under systematic management4 ,much of what is reported as forest is useless brush land or open woods1 and depreciated in its capacity for wood production by annual fires1 by which the physical structure of the leaf mould is destroyed1 and thus1 too1 its capacity for storing the needful moisture1 reducing wood production1 and killing all young growth4 ,without care1 without management1 and left to the kind but uneconomical work of nature1 interfered with1 in addition1 by rude and ignorant action of man1 it is doubtful whether1 on the existing area1 one half the amount of wood is produced yearly which we now require4 ,we have1 therefore2 beyond doubt1 reached--if not passed--the time when increased drain means squandering of capital1 and when regard to husbanding1 to careful management1 to recuperation of our forests1 and planting of new forests is required for the purpose of merely furnishing raw material2 and it should not be forgotten that to reproduce the quick growing white pine of an acceptable quality and sufficient size requires not less than eighty to one hundred years1 and for the long leaved pine two hundred years2 that1 altogether1 wood crops are slow crops2 that nothing of size can be grown under a quarter of a century at the best4 ,that this is a business requiring intelligent national consideration is apparent4 ,not less so if we appreciate the magnitude of the values resulting from it4 ,the total value of forest products in the census year was placed at #gjj1jjj1jjj1 or ten times the value of the gold and silver production1 five times the value of all coal and mineral production1 and exceeding every one of the agricultural crops1 corn and wheat not excepted2 and representing in value about thirty per cent4 of the total agricultural production4 ,of injuries wrought locally by the reckless clearing of hill sides and of deterioration of the soil due to inconsiderate action of man1 ,i could entertain you by the hour4 ,the country is full of examples4 ,any one who wishes to study the effect of such denuding of hill sides upon the soil1 the water flow1 and agricultural conditions1 need not go to ,france1 ,spain1 ,italy1 ,greece1 or ,palestine4 ,the ,adirondack ,mountains are within easier reach1 where the thin cover of earth exposed to the washing rains is carried into the rivers1 leaving behind a bare1 forbidding rock and desolation1 while at ,albany the ,hudson ,river is being made unnavigable by the debris and soil carried down the river4 ,the government has spent more than ten million dollars1 ,i believe1 and spends every year a goodly sum1 to open out a passage over the sand bar thus formed4 ,go to the eastern ,rocky ,mountains1 or to ,southern ,california1 and you can gain an insight into the significance of regulated water supply for the agriculture below1 and also learn how imprudently we have acted and are acting upon the knowledge of this significance by allowing the destruction of mountain forests in the most reckless and unprofitable manner4 ,along the shores of ,lake ,michigan1 and along the sea coast1 we are creating shifting sands by the removal of the forest cover1 to make work for the ingenuity of our children in devising methods for fixing these sands again4 ,the vegetable mould with which the kind forest had covered the alluvial sands of the southern coast plain we are taking pains to burn off in order to replace it with expensive artificial fertilizers4 ,that the great flood of the ,ohio1 which cost the country more than twenty million dollars1 was entirely due to deforestation1 ,i will not assert2 but it must have been considerably aggravated by the accumulation of minor local floods1 due to the well known reckless clearing of the hill sides1 which sent their waters down into the river in torrents4 ,at the season when the winter snows are melting1 watch the newspapers1 and you will find an almost daily mention of the disastrous ravages of brooks and streams1 many of which injuries could have been prevented by avoiding the creation of their distant and indirect cause4 ,thus we may multiply examples all over the country1 showing harmful local influences upon agricultural conditions due to forest devastation4 ,that the vast stretches of land in the ,northwest1 from which the white pine has been cut and burned off1 present the aspect of a desolation which sickens the heart1 you may hear from every one who has seen these deserts unnecessarily wrought by man4 ,every traveler in this country1 be it to the ,white ,mountains1 to the ,adirondacks1 along the ,alleghany ,mountains1 be it through the ,rockies or the redwoods of ,california1 cannot but be startled by the desolate1 sad aspect of many of these once beautifully clad mountain crests4 ,and we are a nation hardly a hundred years old1 with over thirty acres per capita to spread ourselves upon4 ,what will become of us when we must live upon five acres per head8 ,we are far enough advanced in our recklessness of disregarding the indirect significance of forest areas to have learned a lesson at home1 and to feel the necessity of being more careful in the utilization of the forest1 so as not to lose its protection for our agricultural and general interests4 ,the means for its solution ,i may only briefly indicate4 ,they are education1 example1 encouragement1 legislation4 ,some of these are of slow effect4 ,others can be made to give results at once4 ,let the ,united ,states government1 which still holds some seventy million acres of the people's land in forests1 mostly on the ,western mountains1 where its preservation is most urgently needed--let the government set aside these otherwise valueless lands1 and manage them as a national forest domain1 and then the first effective step1 a feasible and not a forcible one1 is made4 ,let the military reservations on the ,western treeless plains1 which are still in the hands of the general government1 be planted to forests and managed as such4 ,this would be no doubtful experiment1 would interfere with nobody1 would enhance the value of the surrounding country--and education1 example1 and encouragement are provided1 as far as it is in the legitimate province of the general government4 ,and such example1 instead of costing anything to the country1 can be made selfsustaining--nay1 productive--and would add appreciably to the people's wealth4--,b4 ,e4 ,fernow4 99 99 99 99 99 ,mortar containing sugar has been employed in building the new ,natural ,history ,museum in ,berlin1 and has proved far superior to common mortar4 ,it sets almost with the firmness of a good cement1 while mortar made with molasses became soft and brittle after a time4 ,in ,madras a mortar is used with which either sugar1 butter or buttermilk1 shellac and eggs are mixed4 ,it holds well and takes a marblelike polish4 ,a ,,residence ,,for #h1jjj4 ,the perspective and plans herewith presented are from the designs of ,mr4 ,s4 ,w4 ,whittemore1 architect1 ,east ,orange1 ,n ,j4 ,the general dimensions are3 ,front1 #cf feet1 exclusive of bay windows2 side1 #ea feet1 exclusive of piazza and laundry4 ,height of stories3 ,cellar1 #g feet2 first story1 #aj feet2 second story1 #i feet #f in42 attic1 #h feet4 ,materials4--,foundation1 stone2 first and second stories1 clapboards2 roof1 shingles4 ,cost4--#h1jjj4 ,fireplaces are provided in the dining room1 library1 parlor1 and hall4 ,the attic is finished throughout4 ,cellar under the whole house except laundry4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,residence ,,for #h1jjj4 ,illustration3 ,first ,story ,plan4 ,illustration3 ,second ,story ,plan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,bamboo ,tree4 ,writing from ,china1 a correspondent says that the ,chinese have developed the culture of the bamboo tree very wonderfully4 ,they can produce a perfectly black as well as a yellow bamboo4 ,the ,emperor of ,china has one officer whose duty is to look after his bamboo gardens4 ,this valuable tree is found in all tropical and subtropical regions1 both in the eastern and western hemispheres4 ,an attempt has been made in ,england1 and with some success1 to raise a dwarf species found at an altitude of #ab1jjj feet in the ,himalaya mountains4 ,the new world furnishes bamboo of the greatest diameter4 ,the stems are usually very slender1 but in the northwestern part of ,south ,america is found one species with a diameter of #af inches4 ,the ,chinese put this plant to a greater variety of uses than any other people4 ,some kinds of it when it first shoots up from the ground are used as a vegetable as we use asparagus1 or it can be pickled in vinegar or made into delicious sweetmeats4 ,the plant has to be #cj years old to blossom1 and then it bears a great profusion of seeds and dyes4 ,these seeds may be used like rice1 and a kind of beer may be made from them4 ,in #ahab severe famine in portions of ,china was prevented by the sudden blossoming of a great number of bamboo trees4 ,the stems of all the varieties are remarkably silicious4 ,one kind found in ,java is so hard that it strikes fire when the hatchet is applied to it4 ,this has only a very slender stem1 which is polished and used as stems for tobacco pipes4 ,this ,protean tree furnishes material for houses1 boats1 cordage1 sails of boats1 telescopes1 aqueduct pipes1 waterproof thatching1 clothing1 water wheels1 fences1 chairs1 tables1 book cases1 boxes1 hats1 umbrellas1 shields1 spears1 and paper4 ,the pith is used for lamp wicks1 so there is no part of it that cannot be used for something4 ,from some of it exquisite carvings inlaid with gold and silver are cut1 that exceed in beauty the ivory carvings for which the ,chinese are so famed4 ,recently it has been put to another use4 ,mr4 ,edison has found that the carbonized fibers of the bamboo furnish the best material for the incandescent electric lamp1 and has made use of it in his system of lighting4 ,in ,burmah and ,siam whole cities are built from bamboo4 ,these houses are made in pieces1 lashed together1 and raised on posts several feet high4--,the ,lumber ,world4 ,,fireproof ,,structures4 ,an article recently published by us apropos of the ,opera ,comique catastrophe has brought us several interesting communications1 and1 among them1 one from ,mr4 ,hennebique1 one of the designers of the #idh foot ,belgian tower4 ,mr4 ,hennebique has established the fact that structures in which iron is used in the flooring do not arrest the ravages of fire1 but fall even more quickly than those in which wood is employed4 ,in fact1 the beams that support the ceiling joists1 flooring1 and laths1 naturally combustible materials1 are raised to a high temperature1 and1 becoming red hot1 bend under their own weight1 and at the same time shove the walls outwardly4 ,the flooring of ,mr4 ,hennebique's invention1 which is composed of a cement made of coal ashes1 plaster rubbish1 and hydraulic lime1 is refractory enough to resist the heat developed by combustion4 ,as may be seen from the figure1 this flooring consists of tubular girders resting upon very simple metallic anchorages4 ,these girders are of the composition above described1 and thus constitute a sort of monolith upon which any sort of a floor can be laid--terra cotta1 marble1 wood1 etc4 ,aside from its being nearly completely incombustible1 this sort of flooring presents a great advantage1 from an economical standpoint1 in consequence of the rational utilization of the materials employed4 ,it is unnecessary to say that the metal is perfectly protected against oxidation4 ,another advantage of this flooring is that it almost entirely prevents the propagation of sound4 ,illustration3 ,,hennebique',s ,,fireproof ,,flooring4 ,as may be readily seen1 this mode of construction is applicable to different uses and to every possible sort of decoration1 such as cornices1 compartment ceilings1 girders of various styles1 as well as pillars1 pilasters1 columns1 and supports of every shape and every resistance4--,chronique ,industrielle4 ,construction of ,chimney ,flues4 ,in a letter to the ,insurance ,world ,mr4 ,thomas ,boyd1 architect1 of ,pittsburg1 ,pa41 gives the following practical information3 ,i have had considerable experience in examining buildings burned by fire1 having been associated with my father for eleven years1 and during that time have examined hundreds of buildings destroyed by fire4 ,i have traced more fires to the cause of defective flues than to any other source1 and ,i could refer you to buildings1 not only in this city but in others1 where fires have occurred from this cause1 and the insurance men and the public in general stated that the fire occurred from 8unknown causes10 as it was first seen many feet away from the flues4 ,in seventyfive cases in one hundred where fires occur from 8unknown causes10 it can be traced to defective brickwork4 ,ordinarily1 an architect specifies that the brickwork shall be well slushed1 and that the flues shall be well pargeted or plastered on the inside4 ,this is a great error1 as no flues should be plastered on the inside1 and no walls having flues in them should be slushed1 as the term is generally understood4 ,the flues should in all cases be built smooth on the inside1 and all the joints should be filled full of mortar1 the vertical joints as well as the bed joints4 ,the lining of the flue or the four inches surrounding the flue should always be kept in advance of the brickwork1 and the brick adjoining the lining and the second and third brick1 and so on1 should be shoved in soft mortar up against each other4 ,this will fill all the vertical joints from bottom to top as laid4 ,the slushing that is ordinarily put in from the top only goes down into the joint about inch1 thus leaving an opening the entire length of the wall1 and in some cases an opening which a mouse could crawl through4 ,as it is only a question of time when all the plastering that can be put on the inside of a flue will fall off1 it will leave these vertical joints between the bricks open into the flue1 and as the joists cross through these joints in the brickwork1 fire is liable to take place ten or twenty feet away from the flue4 ,i have taken down many old buildings in which these joints were filled with carbon or soot4 ,if the flues are built as above described1 any competent builder or architect can find out whether the mechanics doing the work are slighting it or not2 but if the inside of the flue is plastered or lined with terra cotta or any other material1 you cannot tell whether the wall is properly built or not until this plastering falls off1 which it will in the course of a few years4 ,thus all buildings erected with plastered flues are liable to burn at any time4 ,i have made a practice for a number of years of building flues without lining them1 and then when the house is built1 or as each story is erected1 ,i put a dense smoke in the flue and close the opening at the top4 ,if there is a hole the size of an ordinary pin head1 the smoke will find it and penetrate into the interior of the wall adjoining the flue4 ,roadside ,plantations of ,trees in ,belgium4 ,the roadside planting of trees is carried out on a most extensive scale in ,belgium1 forming a marked feature in the landscape of that country4 ,according to the report of ,m4 ,j4 ,houba1 ,state ,head ,bailiff or ,ranger of ,woods and ,rivers in ,belgium1 recently published in the ,revue ,horticole1 the total length of the highroads of ,belgium in #ahha amounted to #d1bbg miles1 classified1 as regards tree planting1 in the following manner3 ,miles4 ,roads already planted #b1dag still to be planted #bfd which cannot be planted #a1edf ---------- #d1bbg ,from this it will appear that1 at the date mentioned1 more than half the entire length of the ,belgian highroads had been planted1 and that the proportion would soon reach twothirds4 ,the number of trees used in forming these plantations amounted to #hga1fhe1 representing in #ahha a money value of #dae1ihf1 the average cost of each tree when planted having been about #bs4 #f;d4 ,the plantations had therefore at this date increased in value to nearly four times the amount of the capital originally expended upon them4 ,the trees principally employed in these roadside plantations 7already made7 are3 ,elms1 #cga1fba2 oaks1 #acj1hbh2 poplars1 #hj1hec2 ash1 #gc1hic2 beech1 #cb1igj2 maples1 #bg1gee2 service trees1 #bd1fcj2 ,norway spruce1 #dc1gfg2 larch1 #da1fii4 ,it will be seen from this list that coniferous trees are largely used in ,belgium for roadside planting4 ,on the other hand1 the report only gives #hig plane trees1 #igf acacias1 and #fgb cherry trees1 apple trees1 and pear trees1 showing that while the ,belgian authorities fully recognize the great utility of these roadside plantations in other respects1 they especially aim at the production of timber of good quality in a commercial point of view4--,the ,garden4 ,an ,egyptian ,temple4 ,an ,egyptian temple appears to have been one of the most imposing assemblages of buildings that can be well conceived4 ,avenues lined with hundreds of sphinxes on each side led the worshiper to the sacred precinct for the distance of thousands of feet1 and thus the mind1 even when remote from the vicinity of the temple1 received an impression calculated to excite veneration4 ,this avenue was terminated by a stupendous mass of pyramidal form1 above #bjj feet wide and about #hj feet high1 whose enormous proportion was naught diminished by the vastness of the plain in which it stands1 nor by contrast with the mountains that overhung it4 ,in the center of this propyleum is a door1 flanked in advance by an obelisk on each side1 about #ij feet high1 and beside which are figures of colossal dimensions1 #de feet high1 sitting as guardians of the sacred portal4 ,the effect of the whole is gigantic1 and calculated to impress the coming worshiper with the fullest notions of his insignificance in the scale of material nature4 ,the triumphal gateway being passed1 a magnificent court meets the eyes of the beholder1 having on each side a colonnade4 ,and this court led to a densely columned hall or vestibule1 under the shades of which the crowds of ,egypt's sons and daughters reposed to recover from the exhaustion and fatigue caused by their journey under a burning sun to the fane of their creature god4 ,and here the mind also dwelt awhile on the first impressions produced by the contemplation of the overpowering majesty of the gorgeous mass4 ,for the huge propylea1 which inclosed either end of the court1 and the hall1 with its forest of clustered columns1 which the eye could not number1 and the playful variety and copiousness of channeled hieroglyphics which left not a space uncovered1 and the brilliancy of the pigment which gave an endless variety to the shafts and capitals of the columns1 to the beams1 the walls and ceilings1 bewildered the attention1 and left not a moment of repose to the wondering stranger4 ,a lofty central avenue of columns1 above #fj feet high1 forming1 as it were1 a triumphal way1 leads under a third portal1 of dimensions by no means inferior to the others just mentioned1 and marked with what care and with what sanctity the priests guarded every approach to the inner parts of the temple4 ,but this gateway passed1 and a scene the most sublime burst upon the view4 ,an ample peristyle much larger than the one already passed1 presented itself to the eye1 probably planted with trees1 crowded with metaphoric statues4 ,on either hand a double avenue of columns1 less for convenience than dignity of effect4 ,in the center uprose the portico of the mass of building1 that formed the temple itself--the columns in dimension more lofty1 in decoration more rich1 in proportion more graceful than those of the courts4 ,the dynasties that had ruled over the country up to the period of the erection of this temple have their histories graven on the walls and on the columns4 ,the same pyramidal form gives an appearance of endless durability to the mass1 which is surmounted by an immense hollowed cavetto having the center occupied by the sculptured form of the agatho demon1 or winged globe and serpents1 with outstretched wings extending over the center intercolumniation of the facade1 and seemingly a being of another world4 ,admitted beneath this porch1 the minds of the worshipers are prepared for the gloomy inner penetralia1 where every object was mysterious and emblematic4 ,numerous doorways closed by curtains succeeded each other1 and led from vestibule to vestibule1 which hindered the eye from penetrating with sacrilegious gaze into the inmost sanctuary1 all access to it being forbidden to the multitude4 ,to these vestibules the light of day was denied1 and the mind was subdued by the gloom of the spot1 for the attention was absorbed by the contemplation of the sacred mysteries of the place and by the effects produced on the attention by the huge incongruous figures of granite--monstrous reflections of the gloomy minds of the religious inhabitants of the sacred precinct1 who sought to deify matter and the animal instincts4--,t4 ,l4 ,donaldson4 ,the ,white ,ash4 8,about twenty years ago1 ,prof4 ,j4 ,l4 ,budd1 of ,ames1 ,iowa1 advised keeping the seeds of the ash through the winter in kegs or boxes1 mixed with clean moist sand1 taking care that they become neither too wet nor too dry4 ,freezing will do no harm4 ,the ground should be marked and prepared as for corn1 and planting at the intersections1 placing four to six seeds in the hill4 ,they should be carefully cultivated1 and the next spring thinned to one plant in each hill1 the vacancies being supplied4 ,by planting thus thickly1 the young trees get a straight growth4 ,at the end of six years every alternate row north and south should be thinned out1 and at the end of ten years every alternate tree in each row4 ,when twelve years old1 on good soil and proper culture the first four years the grove would have #ab1jjj trees on ten acres1 averaging eight inches in diameter4 ,by cutting the stumps close to the ground1 and covering with a light furrow on each side1 a second growth is obtained in eight or ten years1 more valuable than the first40 ,prof4 ,c4 ,s4 ,sargent1 in speaking of this timber1 says3 8,to develop its best qualities1 the white ash should be planted in a cool1 deep1 moist1 but well drained soil1 where it will make a rapid growth4 ,that the plantation may be profitable as early as possible1 the young trees should be inserted in rows three feet apart1 the plants being two feet apart in the rows4 ,this would give #g1bfj plants to the acre1 which should be gradually thinned until #ajh trees are left standing1 twenty feet apart each way4 ,the first thinning1 which might be made at the end of ten years1 would give #d1jjj hoop poles1 which at present price would be worth #djj4 8,the remaining thinnings1 made at different periods up to #be or #cj years1 would produce some three thousand trees more1 worth at least three times as much as the first thinnings4 ,such cutting would pay all the expenses of planting1 the care of plantation1 and the interest on the capital invested1 and would leave the land covered with trees capable of being turned into money at a moment's notice1 or whose value would increase for a hundred years1 making no mean inheritance for the descendants of a ,massachusetts farmer4 ,the planting of the white ash as a shade and roadside tree is especially recommended1 and for that purpose it ranks1 among our native trees1 next to the sugar maple40 ,prof4 ,b4 ,g4 ,northrop says in reference to this tree3 8,one of the most valuable of our native trees is the white ash1 and1 all things considered1 it is one of the most profitable for planting4 ,combining lightness1 strength1 toughness1 elasticity1 and beauty of grain in a rare degree1 it is in great and growing demand for farming tools1 furniture1 interior finishing of houses and railroad cars1 the construction of carriages1 for oars and pulley blocks1 and many other purposes4 ,the excellence of our ash is one secret of the preference given abroad to ,american agricultural implements4 ,it is hardy1 will bear the bleakest exposure1 is a rapid grower and attains large size1 but will not thrive on poor lands4 ,it is every way superior to the ,european ash1 much as that has been cultivated and lauded abroad4 ,it is now found widely in the nurseries and young plantations attached to the forest schools of ,europe4 ,director ,general ,adolfo di ,beranger1 president of the ,royal ,instituto ,forestale1 at ,vallombrosa1 pointed me to his plantations of ,fraxinus ,americana with a tone which implied that is the tree of which ,americans may well be proud4 8,the ash is a fine ornamental tree for private grounds1 public parks1 or for the wayside4 ,when planted closely for timber they grow straight and free from low laterals1 and early reach a size that makes the thinnings valuable for poles and fencing4 8,the seeds of the white ash are abundant1 ripening by the first of ,october4 ,they may be easily gathered after the first frost4 ,if sown in the fall1 they should be covered with three inches of straw4 ,if to be sown in the spring1 the seed may be mixed with damp sand40 ,sawdust4 ,sawdust has been a source of worry and expense to mill men in various ways1 though it is to be admitted that in utilizing it to some extent as fuel they have in part solved the problem of its economical disposition4 ,lately1 there has sprung up a certain demand for it1 and the problem of its cheap shipment is now one that presents itself4 ,a ,yankee inventor has tried baling it1 and appears to have devised a scheme that accomplishes the purpose successfully4 ,he makes the sawdust into bales1 and has progressed so far as to be able to compress thirtytwo cubic feet1 or a quarter of a cord1 into a package three feet long by two feet on each of its sides4 ,as this occupies only twelve cubic feet1 the reduction is sixtytwo and onehalf per cent4 of its original bulk4 ,the machine used is nothing more than an ordinary hydraulic press1 which is arranged in a manner similar to a hay or cotton press4 ,the sawdust is pressed into bales and at the same time inclosed in a burlap covering1 making a neat and easily handled package for shipment4 ,small pieces of wood1 shavings1 etc41 may be baled with the sawdust or separately with equal facility4 ,it appears a simple method of putting this bulky stuff in convenient shape for shipment1 and it would seem might be employed to advantage wherever a market can be found for this species of mill refuse4--,the ,timberman4 ,illustration3 ,,ornamental ,,keystones4 ,illustration3 ,,ornamental ,,keystones4 ,illustration3 ,,ornamental ,,keystones4 ,,dwellings ,,at ,,glenridge4 ,we illustrate a few of the tasteful residences which have been erected at ,glenridge1 ,n4 ,j41 a charming suburb of ,new ,york ,city1 situate on the line of the ,delaware and ,lackawanna ,railway4 ,glenridge is #ad miles from ,new ,york1 and the time required for the trip1 including the ferry across the ,hudson ,river at ,new ,york1 is about #dj minutes4 ,the dwellings we have chosen for illustration have been recently erected4 ,they vary in cost from #d1jjj to #f1ejj or more4 ,we can supply on application such further information as readers may desire4 ,illustration3 ,,glenridge4 ,illustration3 ,,glenridge4 ,illustration3 ,,glenridge4 ,illustration3 ,,glenridge4 ,illustration3 ,,glenridge4 ,fire ,bricks4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,y4 ,dent1 in a ,cantor lecture at the ,society of ,arts1 ,london1 on building materials1 gave an account of some of the chemical problems involved in the constituency of fire clay and fire bricks4 ,the plastic clays consist of silica and alumina chemically combined with water4 ,they are hydrated silicates of alumina1 the plasticity depending upon the water that enters into their composition4 ,the water with which the clay is chemically combined can be expelled at a temperature a little above that of boiling1 without detriment to its plasticity1 but the whole of the water contained cannot be driven off without raising the temperature to dull redness4 ,silica1 alumina1 and lime are separately very infusible substances1 and are capable of resisting exposure to very high temperatures without softening4 ,it is on account of its extreme infusibility that lime is found to be the most suitable material for the cylinders upon which the oxyhydrogen flame is made to impinge to produce a brilliant light1 the intensity of the light being due to the extremely high temperature to which the lime is raised4 ,lime1 however1 from its want of cohesion1 could never be brought into general use for such purposes as fire clay is employed1 and this is also the case as regards silica1 which requires the addition of some substance of a basic character1 with which it will unite1 and so cause the particles to bind together4 ,the nearest approach to the use of silica alone as a fire brick is in the case of the ,welsh brick1 made from the ,dinas rock in the ,vale of ,neath4 ,this material1 before being made into fire bricks1 had long been used for repairing the furnaces at the copper works of ,south ,wales1 for which purpose its peculiar property of expanding when subjected to the influence of a high temperature1 instead of contracting1 as in the case of some other fire clays1 renders it particularly suitable1 the cementation of the bricks being facilitated by the increase of temperature4 ,this ,dinas rock occurs in various conditions1 from that of a firm rock to that of disintegrated sand1 and a mixture of about #a per cent4 of lime is1 therefore1 necessary in order to make it into bricks4 ,dinas bricks will stand very high temperatures1 but are more friable than ordinary fire bricks1 and will not resist to the same extent the action of basic substances1 such as furnace slags1 containing much oxide of iron4 ,they are1 besides1 porous and readily absorb moisture1 rendering it necessary for furnaces built of them to be gradually heated1 as they are liable to crack if sufficient time is not allowed for driving off the moisture4 ,the composition of the clay used for fire bricks is a question of great importance1 inasmuch as its quality depends greatly upon its chemical constituents1 although its power of resisting fusion1 when exposed to intense heat1 is effected by its mechanical condition4 ,the same materials1 when mixed together in the form of a coarse powder1 will require a higher temperature to fuse them than would be the case if they were reduced to a fine state of division4 ,the qualities required in fire bricks are that they should bear exposure to intense heat for a long time without fusion1 that they should be capable of being subjected to sudden changes of temperature without injury1 and that they should be able to resist the action of melted copper or iron slag4 ,the ,dinas brick1 which contains #ih per cent4 of silica1 will bear exposure to a higher temperature than most others1 but it will run down sooner when in contact with melted iron slag4 ,ganister is the name given to a fine grit which occurs under certain coal beds in ,yorkshire1 ,derby1 and ,south ,wales1 and the black ganister from the neighborhood of ,sheffield is especially adapted for lining cupola furnaces1 owing to its capacity to stand high temperatures without shrinking1 in consequence of the large quantity of silica it contains4 ,fire bricks made of silicious clays from granitic deposits in various parts of ,devonshire also contain a large proportion of silica1 but their powers of supporting exposure to high temperatures are materially increased by the coarseness of the particles of disintegrated granite of which they are composed4 ,the material employed for the ,dinas bricks1 as well as the others mentioned1 differs considerably in its character from what is ordinarily understood by the term fire clay1 as used in the manufacture of the celebrated fire bricks of ,blaydon ,burn1 ,stourbridge1 or ,glenboig2 the quality of which1 as regards their chemical composition1 depends upon the relative portions of silica and alumina1 and their freedom from iron oxide and alkaline salts1 the presence of which tends to render the clay more fusible4 ,improvements in ,making ,portland ,cement4 ,clay is taken as dug from the pit1 without being dried1 and mixed with the usual proportion of lime1 a portion of which is used as limestone1 the remainder as freshly burnt lime4 ,the burnt lime is first added in such proportion that the water in the clay exactly suffices to slake it1 and the heat given out effects the necessary drying4 ,the limestone is then added and the mixture ground in a mill to the usual degree of fineness1 made into bricks1 calcined1 and the 8clinker0 reduced to a fine state of division as usual4 ,typhoid ,fever ,carried by ,well ,water4 ,the following account of the transmittal of cases of typhoid fever by well water is sent us by ,dr4 ,henry ,b4 ,baker1 secretary of the ,michigan ,state ,board of ,health4 ,it is made to him by ,dr4 ,h4 ,mc,coll1 of ,lapeer1 ,mich4 ,dr4 ,mc,coll reports3 ,about ,september #a1 #ahhg1 ,myron ,gardner1 railroad employe1 came from the ,south sick with fever to his father's house4 ,he was supposed to be malarial4 ,no care was exercised with stools in the way of disinfection1 but they were thrown into privy vault in rear of house1 and in close proximity to well4 ,wash water was thrown on the surface of the ground1 which was very dry at the time4 ,about ,september #g or #h1 a copious rain fell and soaked the sandy soil2 and on ,september #ad1 ,wm4 ,gardner and wife1 father and mother of ,myron1 and ,e4 ,d4 ,gardner1 a brother 7who was a student in my office71 and who boarded at home1 were attacked with fever4 ,on this day ,i got home from ,washington1 and found four of them down with a severe type of typhoid fever2 and in two weeks ,myron's wife and child were attacked2 also a child across the street at ,terry's1 who had used water from the ,gardner well2 about the same time three cases in the ,clifford house1 south of ,gardner's1 who also used water from the ,gardner well4 ,none of the people from either of these houses were in the ,gardner house4 ,in the ,walker house1 still further south1 one case has occurred1 and ,i was at a loss to account for this case till a few days ago1 when the young man said that at the mill where he was working they had used the ,gardner water for a few days1 owing to the disarrangement of the pump at the mill4 ,two others of the mill hands--,anderson and ,lester--who used the same water were attacked about the same time4 ,lester is now convalescent4 ,anderson is dead1 as also the child at ,terry's4 ,when ,i took charge of the cases1 ,i ordered the discontinuance of water from the ,gardner well and the disinfection of the stools1 and no new cases are now reported4 ,people who assisted to take care of the ,gardner and other families1 and who use water from other sources1 have not been attacked4 ,clearly1 ,myron ,gardner brought the fever home1 the well became infected after the first rain from slops and privy1 and the other cases got their seed from the water4 ,dr4 ,baker adds3 ,the foregoing instructive account of the way typhoid fever was spread1 in one instance1 is produced in the hope that it may lead others to trace the spread of this important disease1 and1 what is of greater importance1 act intelligently for the prevention and restriction of the disease1 as ,dr4 ,mc,coll did in this instance4--,sanitary ,news4 ,an ,unsafe ,church4 ,about a month ago1 ,inspector of ,buildings ,griffin discovered that the wall on the southern side of the ,warren ,avenue ,baptist ,church1 ,boston1 ,mass41 was bulging4 ,he climbed to the roof1 and was astonished to find that the scissors truss that supported the pitch of the roof was not bolted together1 but was fastened only with railroad spikes4 ,the wall was out of plumb fully nine inches4 ,a peremptory order was issued to vacate the church4 ,then a more careful examination was made1 with startling results4 ,the truss was laid bare1 and then it was discovered that the sole support for the roof of the great building consisted of three iron rods one and one half inches in diameter4 ,the cross rods were of no use1 because the wood had shrunk away and the bolts could be rattled4 ,the upper and lower chords of the truss were made of eight twoinch planks1 and where the cross rods had been put through and clinched the auger had cut off one plank and part of another1 weakening the truss by oneeighth4 ,the lower chord of the truss was cut completely through in two places4 ,it is said that it will cost nearly #bjj1jjj to repair the church1 which is one of the largest in the city4 ,it would not be a bad idea for the trustees of other churches to have the trusses carefully examined4 ,cedar ,pavements4 ,to pave a city with cedar would seem to be a luxury1 but it appears that in the city of ,chicago1 out of #bgg4ga miles of paved streets1 there are #bac4ce miles of cedar blocks1 of which nearly forty miles was laid last year1 and the ,chicago ,tribune says it is the cheapest pavement laid in the city4 ,dead cedar brought from the vicinity of ,green ,bay1 ,wis41 was first used1 but it was found that it did not wear well1 and live timber is now required4 ,the cedar is a tree which does not taper rapidly1 and one of good size should furnish a stick #cj ft4 long4 ,the logs are brought here by boats in lengths of about #f ft41 with the bark still on1 peeled1 and cut into blocks #e in4 long4 ,the blocks range in diameter from #c in4 to #i in41 and cost #ej to #fj cents a yard1 measurement being made after they are laid4 ,the process of paving a street with cedar blocks is much the same as was used with the ,nicholson pavement4 ,a sand foundation is first provided1 and on this are laid boards which serve as stringers4 ,on the stringers planks are placed parallel with the curb1 and the cedar blocks are stood on end on the planks4 ,the interstices between the blocks are filled with gravel and coal tar4 ,for the last three years block pavement has cost in ,chicago from #a4jj to #a4cj a yard4 ,the life of cedar block pavement is three to seven years1 and it is an excellent pavement when first laid4 ,it is believed by many to be detrimental to health from the fact that it absorbs all liquids falling upon it1 gives them back in the shape of vapor under the influence of the sun1 and is itself constantly decaying4 ,it is stated as a curious fact that this pavement wears out faster on streets where traffic is light than where it is heavy4 ,cedar blocks are used for paving all through the ,west1 but more freely probably in ,chicago than in any other city in the world4 ,they are cheap1 and that is a great point in their favor4 ,hemlock4 ,respecting the merits of hemlock1 the ,minneapolis ,lumberman has a good word in its last issue4 ,it quotes from a correspondent at ,williamsport1 ,pa41 regarding the experience with the wood there as a foundation for paving blocks2 and in regard to a stretch of ,nicholson pavement there which had been down sixteen years1 goes on to say3 8,the blocks had been placed on two thicknesses of one inch hemlock1 the boards coated both sides with coal tar4 ,when the pavement was taken up1 the boards were found to be in good condition--so perfectly sound that they were put back again for possibly another sixteen years4 ,the correspondent says that out of a mile of sixty foot street1 less than #aj1jjj feet of the old planking was condemned4 ,there seems to be no question as to the superlative merit of hemlock for paving purposes40 ,this is valuable testimony1 and better evidence of the lasting qualities of hemlock under paving blocks than any ,western experience has produced1 for the reason that it has nowhere in the ,west been so long as that in use4 ,it has been recognized1 however1 as a wood excellently suited to this purpose1 and is employed almost exclusively wherever the cedar block pavement is freely used1 which includes a good many of the large cities in the ,united ,states1 and practically all ,western towns in which any paving is done4 ,it is apparent that lumbermen are beginning to take a strong interest in hemlock1 and evidences of its growth in favor are becoming rather plentiful4 ,it occasionally gets a setback from some local dealer1 who has come off second best in an encounter with its slivers1 but it is bound to come more and more in use in spite of the strong objection that is made to it by some users4 ,its light weight and great strength for many building purposes are factors that tell4--,timberman4 ,collapse of ,walls of ,burning ,buildings4 ,mr4 ,alex4 ,black1 writing to the ,building ,news1 says3 ,the expansion of brick by fire heat may be estimated at rather above half that of wrought iron2 and of mortar at about onefourth more than that of wrought iron4 ,the mortar joints in the wall may occupy1 say1 onefifth to onesixth of the height of the wall4 ,there is no accurate data as to the maximum heat developed at ,whiteley's fire4 ,it1 however1 depends on the nature of the contents1 etc41 consumed and the accumulation of draught currents4 ,if there is free lime1 etc41 in brick or mortar1 there is added to the expansion more or less disintegration1 which would become not the least potent cause of collapse4 ,we may assume that the interior surface of the brickwork exposed to the fire expanded1 say1 #a in4 in #h ft4 or #aj ft41 vertically and horizontally1 which would produce a distortion by buckling1 or curving inward1 dishlike1 of the inside half thickness of the wall1 both vertically and horizontally1 leaving for a time the outside half thickness 7say1 for convenience of description7 not much disturbed2 in the meanwhile1 air gets in between these inside and outside half thicknesses1 or slices1 and it may become gradually expanded by heat and help to force them further apart until the whole wall collapses4 ,in setting iron girders1 the usual practice appears to be to build the ends solidly in the wall to act as a tie2 but by having cross flanges at ends the wall may be built close to these on inside toward interior of building1 and space left for expansion on their outside2 but this space is of no use without the ends of the girders are set upon rollers or rockers1 as is done for bridge girders1 because the rigidity of wall would not be sufficient to withstand undisturbed the expansive pushing out1 or horizontal thrust1 of loaded girder end if resting upon a rough bearing plate or block4 ,if building timber joists into walls1 it is a safe method to bevel off the upper corner equal to the bearing of the end in the wall1 which allows the projecting portion of joist1 if broken accidentally1 to drop down without disturbing the wall1 by the leverage which it would exert if built in the wall in the usual way4 ,a #b1ejj ,,california ,,house4 ,california can justly boast of a larger number of pretty places and picturesque localities in which to erect residences of moderate cost than can be found in any other ,state in the ,union4 ,the beautiful town of ,alameda1 covering1 as it does1 a large extent of ground1 embracing several square miles1 may be regarded as a paradise for those who wish a quiet retreat1 away from the din and confusion of the city1 and yet be in close connection with the great mart4 ,nearly every portion of the town is covered with a natural growth of oak trees4 ,nor does this growth stop at this point4 ,for a long distance to the north the ground is covered by the beautiful trees from which the neighboring city of ,oakland derives its name4 ,extremes meet in architecture as well as other matters4 ,some sthetic persons have sought to copy the humble abode of the laborer in the external view of a dwelling1 while the internal arrangements and fittings rival those of ,aladdin's palace4 ,others seek to have the outside present to the eye a conglomeration of whimsical ideas1 while they have not deigned to cover the floors with a carpet1 nor have a door between any of the rooms or halls1 excepting those connecting with the outer world4 ,much benefit has been derived from these whimsical erections1 and it is only by much study and close application to the fancies of their clients that architects have been enabled to prepare the beautiful bijou plans1 a good representation of which is given in this issue4 ,in justice to the architectural profession1 we must say that no portion of their practice has been so usefully bestowed as that which has been bestowed upon the production of plans for such homes1 a full plan of which accompanies this article4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,california ,,house ,,for #b1ejj4 ,the elevation1 as shown1 is a model of neatness and economy4 ,at once attractive in appearance and substantial in all its surroundings1 it does away with all those horrible idiosyncrasies and bugbears of the ,elizabethan and ,queen ,anne styles4 ,there are no small windows to cause the one who cleans them to utter a whole vocabulary of cuss words at the architect who made so many corners to dig out4 ,there is no part of ,california but what needs all the sunshine that was intended to enter a room1 and the large windows shown allow the heat and light to make glad the hearts of the dwellers therein4 ,even with the thermometer at #ajj degrees and over in the shade at noontime1 still1 when evening comes1 the cool winds that invariably bless the sleep of those who are tired from their daily toil has easy ingress from these same large windows4 ,and in winter1 from the absence of snow in all of our beautiful valleys1 the same windows are a source of joy and comfort for the occupants to observe the driving rains1 or admit the blessed sunshine as it pierces through the wintry clouds4 ,great care should be exercised in painting the exterior4 ,the colors selected should be a happy blending of light and dark shades4 ,they should be graded from rich1 heavy grades at the bottom to the lighter tones at the gable peaks1 preserving1 through the intermediate section1 a consistent harmony4 ,the roof may be of dark slate color4 ,the trimmings may be colored with a combination of blue1 black1 and ,indian red4 ,the body of the house may be varied to suit the above4 ,it must be distinctly borne in mind that all buildings of the same class cannot be treated alike4 ,trees have a wonderful effect on colors used1 and the main study of the painter and owner should be that the salient points of form and detail be enhanced by the proper selection of the various colors4 ,by all means1 if you are building a home for yourself1 take the good wife into your confidence1 and let her judgment be given on the various colors to be used4 ,illustration3 ,,plan ,,of #b1ejj ,,california ,,house4 ,illustration3 ,,section ,,of ,,door ,,jambs ,,and ,,inside ,,finish4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,california ,,house ,,for #b1ejj4 ,illustration3 ,,roof ,,plan4 ,illustration3 ,,section ,,elevation ,,of ,,side ,,porch ,,and ,,railing4 ,the arrangement of the rooms1 as shown by the plan1 is very desirable for any one with a small family4 ,a feature is made of the entrance way4 ,from the hall1 one can pass either to the parlor or dining room1 the latter being the general sitting room4 ,the parlor is large--#ac #ag feet in size4 ,it has a fireplace1 as shown4 ,a cornice is also designated4 ,sliding doors connect this room with the dining room1 the size of the latter being #ab #ag feet4 ,a cornice and fireplace are also shown4 ,in case of company or family gathering1 the two rooms will be practically one4 ,the porch shown in front will be very handy for the gentlemen who smoke1 or1 on warm days the ladies can use the same for sewing purposes1 sheltered1 as the plans show1 by the roof overhead4 ,you pass from this room into a hall1 from which you can enter all the rest of the rooms4 ,the main chamber is #ab feet #f inches by #af feet #f inches1 besides a large bay window1 having four windows for light and air4 ,there is also a cornice in this room1 and a place for a stove to connect with parlor chimney4 ,there is a very large closet1 and also wash room1 which is well lighted and ventilated4 ,passing along the hall1 we next come to a large linen closet4 ,this will be found very serviceable for the storage of the linen in daily use4 ,then comes a large chamber1 #aa feet #f inches by #ab feet4 ,no cornice is shown4 ,should a fire be needed in this room1 a patent flue could be placed therein1 starting from near the ceiling4 ,a large closet is also connected with this room4 ,at the end of the hall is the bath room1 #f feet #c inches by #i feet #f inches4 ,a wash bowl and water closet are shown4 ,the window1 being directly over the tub1 assures perfect ventilation4 ,on opposite side of hall from bath room is a room designated as breakfast room1 in size #aj #aa feet1 with two windows4 ,this can be used as a bed room1 should the dining room suffice for the needs of the occupants of the house4 ,this room is very convenient1 as it can be reached by three different ways4 ,the next room is the kitchen1 in size #aj #ac feet1 with plenty of light and ample means of ventilation4 ,the place for the stove pipe is indicated by the dotted lines leading to the dining room chimney4 ,should it be found more desirable to have the stove in a different position from that indicated1 a patent flue can be put in1 starting near the ceiling4 ,a large pass closet1 amply fitted with drawers and shelves1 connects with the dining room4 ,there is also a large pantry fitted up with bins1 etc4 ,a stairway is shown1 near breakfast room1 leading to the attic4 ,no plan is given of the latter1 as the space can be divided according to the individual tastes of the parties building4 ,the rear hall is #c feet #f inches wide4 ,the whole plan is very compact1 and will bear careful study4 ,the detail drawings1 as shown1 will give an adequate idea of the various finishes4 ,each one is distinctly marked4 ,we append a general set of specifications to aid those who may see fit to adopt the design4 ,should any one want a complete set1 we can forward them a printed copy4 ,,specifications4 ,excavations4--,all rock1 dirt1 etc41 to be cleared away from site of the building4 ,trenches for walls and piers to be extended down to firm and solid ground4 ,the bank to be dug well away from the walls1 and the same to be left open until the walls are well set and dry4 ,drains4--,to be of ironstone pipe1 with cemented joints4 ,the fall to be not less than onefourth inch to one foot4 ,no drains to be less than sixteen inches from surface of ground4 ,brick ,work4--,hard1 well burned brick to be used throughout4 ,all brick walls to be made level and straight to the proper and exact height1 and to a true line from one end to the other1 even to the splitting of a brick where necessary4 ,piers #ab #ab inches4 ,turn trimmer arches for the support of all hearths at the time chimneys are built4 ,all sills to be set in mortar after walls are proper height4 ,size of ,timbers1 etc4--,main sills1 #f #h inches2 plates1 #b #d2 studs1 #b #d2 underpinning1 #d #f2 joists1 #b #aj2 ceiling joists1 #b #d2 rafters1 #b #d2 bridging1 #b #c and #b #d4 ,studs and joists spaced #af inches from center2 rafters1 #b feet #h inches from center2 underpinning #b feet #h inches from center4 ,all timber below main sills to be of redwood4 ,roof to be sheathed with #a #f ,oregon pine1 well nailed to every rafter4 ,gutters arranged so as to carry off water wherever directed4 ,rustic4--,all laps and butt joints to be painted before being nailed in position4 ,butt joints to have a #c #aa inch piece of tin to keep out water4 ,outside ,steps to be built upon strong stringers1 inch risers of redwood1 and two inch treads of ,oregon pine1 with nosing and scotia4 ,the recess to front hall will be floored six inches below main floor1 with three inch ,oregon pine1 put together with white lead4 ,floors4--,oregon pine1 tongued and grooved1 #d inches wide1 to be used throughout the house4 ,one tongue nail and one through nail to be driven in each piece at each nailing4 ,grounds to be of in4 ,oregon pine at all openings4 ,no inside finish to be put on until the last coat of plastering is on4 ,face casings to be #f inches wide and #a inches thick1 with suitable plinths4 ,sash beads to be fastened on with raised head screws4 ,all interior work to be handsmoothed and sandpapered4 ,all carved or plantedon work to be primed before putting up4 ,bases in all rooms to be #aj inches wide1 with #b inch moulding4 ,wainscoting4--,rear hall1 kitchen1 and breakfast room to be wainscoted #c feet high1 and capped with nosing and scotia4 ,bath room1 #f feet high all around4 ,pantry and ,pass ,closet to be fitted up with shelves and hooks complete1 and bins and drawers as shown4 ,lathing4--,good sound lath to be used1 laid on not less than of an inch apart4 ,joints broken over #h laths4 ,no lath to be put on vertically1 to finish out to corners or angles2 neither must there be any lath run through angles and behind studding from one room to another4 ,all angles to be formed and nailed solid by carpenter before laths are put on4 ,plastering4--,all walls1 partitions1 and ceilings to be plastered one coat of well haired mortar1 made of best lime and clean1 sharp sand1 free from loam and salt1 using best cattle hair4 ,to be made at least eight days before using4 ,brown coat to be covered with a good coat of best white hard finish4 ,all plastering to extend to the floor4 ,center pieces where designated on plans4 ,painting4--,all interior wood work to have three coats of best white lead1 in such tints as may be approved by the owner4 ,kitchen floor to be oiled two coats4 ,gas ,pipes to be introduced so as to give the number of lights shown on plan4 ,plumbing4--,water pipes to be of galvanized iron inch diameter4 ,no inch pipe to be used4 ,a #dj gallon galvanized iron boiler1 with necessary connections1 to be placed in the kitchen4 ,sink to be of size shown by drawing1 to have #b inch iron water pipe and a ,garland trap2 #c inch brass strainer2 back of sink to be lined with zinc4 ,slop hoppers to be placed as shown4 ,wash basins to be located as per plan1 and to have all necessary hot and cold water connections4 ,water from all basins to discharge into an open slop hopper outside4 ,bath tub to be lined with ,no4 #ab zinc1 to have a #a inch waste1 with ,garland trap4 ,all necessary fixtures for bath tub to be placed in proper position4 ,the water closet to be ,budde's patent4 ,place safe trays under all sinks1 bath tub1 wash basins1 water closets1 etc41 with #b inch turnedup edges1 well nailed to wood work4 ,threefourths inch wastes4 ,all waste or soil pipes to be connected with the sewer1 and extend the same above basins1 sinks1 bath tub1 water closets1 etc41 out through the roof4 ,generally4--,drawings and specifications are intended to correspond1 and to be illustrative the one of the other4 ,all drawings to be furnished by the architect4 ,details to be given from time to time as the work progresses4 ,should the necessity arise that any change or changes be made from the original design1 the owner shall have the right so to do without invalidating the contract1 adding to or deducting from the contract price the agreed sum of any change made4 ,,cost4 ,the above specifications are given as a general index of the work4 ,no accurate estimate can be given from them of the cost of the house4 ,quality and price of hardware1 etc41 have been omitted1 leaving same to the pocket books of intending builders4 ,as shown1 with finishes indicated by the details given1 the house can be erected at a cost of about #b1ejj4 ,of course this figure can be changed considerably4 ,using the best of materials1 etc41 the price should be given at #c1jjj1 at which sum a truly cozy home can be obtained by those seeking a permanent dwelling place4--,california ,architect4 ,the ,architectural ,era4 ,this is the title of a new monthly published at ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,it is finely printed1 handsomely illustrated1 and full of interesting reading matter4 ,it forms a valuable addition to the architectural literature of the day4 ,the elegant style in which it is produced does honor to its enterprising publishers1 ,messrs4 ,d4 ,mason ,co4 ,three dollars a year1 twentyfive cents per number4 ,blue ,marking ,ink for ,boxes1 ,bales1 etc4 ,mix a sufficient quantity of ultramarine with barytes 7sulphate of barium1 blanc fix7 and water to produce the desired tint4 ,it may be rendered more permanent by adding some liquid glue 7solution of glue in acetic acid7 or some starch paste1 prepared with the addition of a little wax4--,chem4 and ,drug4 ,,chateau ,,at ,,castelnaudary4 ,the internal decoration of the structure represented in the accompanying engravings is due to ,mr4 ,arnaud1 an architect at ,carcassonne4 ,the front already existed in part1 and merely the finishing of it is due to him4 ,as for the parlor and dining room1 of which we give an illustration1 these two rooms1 like the rest1 were studied with very artistic care by ,mr4 ,arnaud1 and the execution of the work was closely watched4 ,illustration3 ,,chateau ,,of ,,castelnaudary--,,front ,,view--,m4 ,,aubry1 ,,architect4 ,the chimney that decorates the dining room is of ,echaillon stone1 and was made at the works of ,mr4 ,g4 ,biron4 ,it is #ad feet in height1 and cost1 all carved1 #a1djj4 ,the flooring of the rooms is of oak1 of two colors1 and was put down by the house of ,idrac1 of ,toulouse1 which makes a specialty of old oak inlaid floors4 ,the color of the old oak1 introduced into the very substance of the wood1 lasts an indefinite length of time4 ,the wainscoting of the dining room and that of the parlor is of walnut1 and forms a frame1 in the case of the dining room1 for old tapestry4 ,in the parlor the panels are covered with largefigured cretonne4 ,illustration3 ,,interior ,,of ,,castelnaudary ,,chateau4 ,the ceilings are of plaster1 with mouldings4 ,to that of the dining room are affixed1 by invisible hooks1 some old ,japanese plates4 ,these produce a very happy effect in the ceiling as a whole1 and in nowise injure it4 ,the ceilings are painted in softening tints1 the principal of which are red1 blue and maroon4 ,the dining room cost1 as a whole1 #c1fjj1 the old tapestry included4 ,it is #bd #cj feet1 and the parlor is #bh #cg feet4--,la ,construction ,moderne4 ,nails4 ,a test has recently been made of the relative value of wire and cut nails1 with results quite at variance with generally received opinions4 ,this test1 given below1 is published in a circular issued to the nail trade by the ,wheeling nail manufacturers1 and was made by a committee appointed by the ,wheeling manufacturers1 who give the following result3 ,number of nails in ,pounds required to pull pound4 nails out4 ,cut4 ,wire4 ,cut4 ,wire4 #bj;d #bc #ce #a1eic #gjc #aj;d #fj #hf #ijh #cae #h;d #ij #abf #eig #bbg #f;d #afj #bjf #chc #bjj #d;d #bhj #caf #bhf #abc ,this test showed the relative value of a pound of each kind to be as follows3 #a lb4 of #bj;d4 cut nails equals #adj lb4 of wire nails4 #a lb4 of #aj;d4 cut nails equals #bja lb4 of wire nails4 #a lb4 of #h;d4 cut nails equals #ahg lb4 of wire nails4 #a lb4 of #f;d4 cut nails equals #adi lb4 of wire nails4 #a lb4 of #d;d4 cut nails equals #bjf lb4 of wire nails4 ,in obtaining the above results1 two tests were made of the #h;d4 cut nail and four of the #h;d4 wire nail2 three tests each were made of the #f;d4 and #d;d4 cut nails and #f;d4 and #d;d4 wire nails1 and the average is shown4 ,the committee report as a result of their experiments that #a worth of cut nails will give the same service as #a4gh in wire nails1 if at the same price per pound4--,building4 ,rabbit ,remedy4 ,a correspondent of the ,revue ,horticole states that he has been completely successful in saving both his vines and haricot beans from being totally destroyed by the rabbits which swarm in this district by using a remedy which he terms the 8,bouillie bordelaise40 ,this consists of a mixture of sulphate of copper 7bluestone or blue vitriol7 and fresh slaked lime1 in the proportion of #c lb4 of the former to #d lb4 of quicklime in twentyone gallons of water4 ,the bluestone is first dissolved in a bucket of water1 the quicklime is then slaked1 and when cool it is thrown along with the dissolved bluestone into a barrel or other vessel of sufficient size2 water is then added to make up twentyone gallons1 and the whole is well stirred up4 ,the mixture is conveniently applied with a whitewash brush1 and in fine1 dry weather only should it be used4 ,the object of the lime in the mixture is to counteract any ill effects that the sulphate of copper or bluestone might have on the vegetable tissues1 and also to indicate that no part of the stem or plant which it is intended to protect has been passed over without receiving its proper share of the application4 ,how to ,build an ,ice ,house4 ,under this head the ,american ,architect advises a correspondent as follows3 #a4 ,the ice house floor should be above the level of the ground1 or1 at least1 should be sufficiently above some neighboring area to give an outfall for a drain1 put in in such a way as to keep the floor clear of standing water4 #b4 ,the walls should be hollow4 ,a four inch lining wall1 tied to the outer wall with hoop iron1 and with a three inch air space1 would answer1 but it would be better1 if the air space is thoroughly drained1 to fill it with mineral wool1 or some similar substance1 to prevent the movement of the air entangled in the fibers1 and thus check the transference by convection of heat from the outside to the lining wall4 #c4 ,a roof of thick plank will keep out heat far better than one of thin boards with an air space under it4 #d4 ,shingles will be much better for roofing than slate4 #e4 ,it is best to ventilate the upper portion of the building4 ,if no ventilation is provided1 the confined air under the roof becomes intensely heated in summer1 and outlets should be provided at the highest part1 with inlets at convenient points1 to keep the temperature of the air over the ice at least down to that of the exterior atmosphere4 ,in reply to inquiries from various correspondents we would say that ,messrs4 ,munn ,co41 #cfa ,broadway1 proprietors of this periodical1 have an extensive architectural bureau connected with their establishments1 and here1 with the assistance of an able corps of architects1 they prepare1 in the best and most prompt manner1 designs1 plans1 specifications1 and details for all kinds of buildings1 churches1 schools1 stores1 dwellings1 etc4 ,hundreds of buildings in all parts of the country have been erected from their plans4 ,messrs4 ,munn ,co4 will be pleased to furnish any information desired by readers relative to any buildings illustrated in these pages4 ,look to ,your ,drain ,pipes and ,wells4 ,the ,rhode ,island ,state board of health has completed its investigation of the epidemic of typhoid fever at ,conanicut park hotel1 made last summer4 ,at the opening of the season of #ahhg trouble was experienced1 but no action was taken4 ,soon the people in the house began to be ill1 and at a time when all the rooms were taken and many more guests were to come and occupy the cottage apartments4 ,from the first symptoms1 which were not considered serious1 the disease1 which proved to be typhoid fever1 assumed a violent form1 and ,dr4 ,jernigan1 on whose advice several patients had come to the island1 directed a practical plumber to make a thorough examination of the premises4 ,the plumber discovered that the pipes leading from the water closets had leaked into the cellar1 and that from all appearances the leak had existed from the first of the season4 ,the sewage had run into the well from which the water was drawn for general uses about the hotel4 ,prior to the discovery of the contamination of the water1 its sparkling qualities had been praised by all the guests4 ,the plumber also reported that the ground near the well was saturated with the sewage1 and that when disturbed the earth emitted an overpowering and sickening stench4 ,from the cellar the investigation was continued to the well at the north end of the house4 ,it was dug quite recently1 and the shaft had been sunk through an old drain leading to a cesspool1 and a portion of the drain constituted a section of the well shaft4 ,the ,state board of health proposes to ask for an appropriation this winter sufficient to pay for a careful examination of all the hotels in the ,state1 and the inspection and analysis of all waters used for drinking purposes where there is liability of contamination4--,sanitary ,news4 ,messrs4 ,munn ,co41 in connection with the publication of the ,scientific ,american1 continue to examine improvements1 and to act as ,solicitors of ,patents for ,inventors4 ,in this line of business they have had forty years' experience1 and have now unequaled facilities for the preparation of ,patent ,drawings1 ,specifications1 and the prosecution of ,applications for ,patents in the ,united ,states1 ,canada1 and ,foreign ,countries4 ,messrs4 ,munn ,co4 also attend to the preparation of ,caveats1 ,copyrights for ,books1 ,labels1 ,reissues1 ,assignments1 and ,reports on ,infringement of ,patents4 ,all business intrusted to them is done with special care and promptness1 on very reasonable terms4 ,a pamphlet sent free of charge1 on application1 containing full information about ,patents and how to procure them2 directions concerning ,labels1 ,copyrights1 ,designs1 ,patents1 ,appeals1 ,reissues1 ,infringements1 ,assignments1 ,rejected ,cases1 ,hints on the ,sale of ,patents1 etc4 ,we also send1 free of charge1 a synopsis of ,foreign ,patent ,laws1 showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal countries of the world4 ,,munn ,,co41 ,solicitors of ,patents1 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,,branch ,,office4--#fbb ,f ,street1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,arch ,construction4 ,iron construction has so completely superseded masonry for bridge building that it would appear almost unnecessary to discuss the question of the equilibrated arch for any large span4 ,but the mathematical principles of the arch have always been an interesting subject with geometricians and theorists1 and the theory1 at any rate1 ought to form one of the subjects of the architect's and engineer's education4 ,as a problem of the equilibrium of forces1 the theory of arch construction is instructive1 inasmuch as it presents us with a concrete example of three forces balanced in a structure4 ,the other day1 at the opening of the engineering section of the ,bristol ,naturalists' ,society1 at ,university ,college1 ,bristol1 the president1 ,mr4 ,charles ,richardson1 ,c4,e41 read a paper on arch building1 in which he advocated the employment of arches of equilibrium for bridges4 ,the author referred to the well known and elegant property of the balanced arch1 which is derived from the principle of the catenary or suspended chain or inverted polygon of bars1 each bar or link assuming the position 7inverted7 that the arch stones of an equilibrated arch would have4 ,in ,dr4 ,hutton's valuable 8,tracts on ,bridges10 this principle is followed in his elucidation of the arch1 and readers of that work will remember the diagrams given of various kinds of balanced arches1 and the curves of extrados necessary to insure equilibrium4 ,the theory1 indeed1 is older than ,hutton4 ,belidor and ,dr4 ,hooke both investigated the form of the extrados from the nature of the curve1 and this theory has been made the foundation of a very interesting system of designing arches4 ,according to this theory of the question1 the stones are considered free from all friction--a condition which does not hold in practice4 ,mr4 ,richardson follows1 as far as we can see1 this theory4 ,he enunciated the theorem that the weight on any point of the arch is proportional to the vertical line from the road line to the intrados at that point2 that the horizontal thrust is the same throughout the arch1 and is equal to the weight on the crown per unit of area multiplied by the radius of curvature there2 and also that the bed pressure at any point is equal to the horizontal thrust multiplied by the secant of the angle the curve makes with the horizon at that point4 ,this rule is thoroughly mathematical and true for arches of equilibrium2 and the author exhibited an instructive model of an arch equilibrated1 and showed by inverting it1 and suspending a chain weighted by steel rods representing the loads at each point1 that the latter coincided with the road line4 ,but the engineerarchitect has to do with arches in which the element of friction enters2 the stones are cemented1 and therefore the theory1 however beautiful1 does not hold good in every case4 ,instead of the separate arch stones or voussoirs1 he has to deal with segments of the arch which turn upon certain edges4 ,thus an arch which fails breaks into four parts1 the crown sinks1 and the haunches rise1 the joints at those points opening4 ,one of the questions to decide is the points at which rupture occurs1 that being found to find out what horizontal pressure each of those lower segments have to sustain4 ,from knowing the thrust and its point of action1 the stability of the arch will depend on the mass and weight of the pier4 ,the experiments of ,rondelet and others have proved that the voussoirs unite into segments of the arch1 and tend to overturn the abutment1 acting rather as levers than wedges4 ,he found1 also1 that the greatest thrust was in arches with an even number of voussoirs or a point at the vertex2 that a keystone lessened the thrust4 ,nevertheless1 the theory of equilibration should be known by all architects and bridge builders4 ,in alluding to the materials1 the author showed the impossibility of dressing and bedding stones accurately4 ,practically1 the stone built arch is difficult to execute with precision4 ,the facing stones only are cut to the true curve1 the backing being filled in with rubble and roughly executed4 ,with brickwork the bricks can be all bedded in cement1 being more convenient for handling1 and a vitrified brick is equal at least to the best stone in resistance4 ,the brick arch should be built in vertical bond1 not in rings4 ,mr4 ,richardson finds that1 taking the safe load in cement at #e cwt4 upon the square inch1 an arch #ae in4 thick at the springing and #ab at the crown is sufficient for a span of #he feet with a rise of of the span4 ,he says3 8,as all loads and thrusts on such an arch are in direct proportion1 if each dimension were multiplied by four1 we should have a span of #cdj feet with a rise of #db feet and an arch thickness of #e feet4 ,this #e feet thickness would give a sufficient margin of safety for the moving load1 because #e feet is only the necessary thickness at the springing1 while that at the crown would be #i in4 less4 ,the total weight of this bridge would be #ajj1jjj tons40 ,ringbuilt arches are advisedly objected to1 as the rings tend to separate when any settlement takes place4 ,mr4 ,richardson does not rely too much on friction1 and he is right4 ,there can be no scientific arch construction that is not based on the principle of equilibrium1 the line of thrust being kept within the middle third of the arch thickness2 and in designing arches of brick or stone the engineer should always be able by diagram to satisfy himself of this condition4 ,whenever the line of thrust passes close to the lower edge of the arch ring at the haunches1 there must be undue pressure and a tendency to open at the other edge4 ,in other words1 the arch is inclined to drop at the crown4 ,when it passes out of the arch1 failure must take place sooner or later4 ,instead of first deciding upon the curve and road line1 as is frequently done1 the right course is to find the line of thrust for the given span and loading1 and then make the arch conform as nearly as possible to this line4 ,we agree with the opinion that brickwork1 if correctly applied1 would be found to excel iron construction in strength1 durability1 and economy--certainly in appearance4 ,in the construction of masonry arches1 sufficient care is not always bestowed upon the drainage of the arches--a cause1 we imagine1 of many failures4--,building ,news4 ,,gilbert ,,sheffield1 a ,warren ,county1 ,n4 ,y41 lumberman1 is one of the men who believes in using his men well1 and in doing something to relieve the tedium of life in the woods4 ,he has #ce men employed at ,tahawus1 in ,essex ,county1 and says that for the past two years it has been his practice to furnish them with copies of the prominent newspapers1 so that when they left camp they were as well informed regarding current events as when they went in4 ,,new ,,form ,,of ,,chimes ,,for ,,churches4 ,a new form of chimes for churches is being introduced in ,england1 which are said to give much satisfaction4 ,they consist of a series of metallic tubes suspended from a beam1 as shown in our engraving4 ,they are struck by hammers1 are very resonant1 loud1 and pleasing4 ,a correspondent of the ,pall ,mall ,gazette1 speaking of their effect1 says3 8,the music of many tuneful bells1 harmonious1 ever changing1 lending themselves to any simple air1 easy of management1 and mellowed as the sound of cathedral bells4444 ,such music ,i have heard at ,coventry40 ,tube ,chimes4 ,the new invention which goes under the name of tube chimes is a musical chime in which metal tubes instead of bells are employed4 ,the tube chimes can be used for any purpose that bells are used for1 and besides are an economical substitute for bells4 ,they are remarkable also for a depth and richness of tone which one does not expect to find except in high class cathedral bells4 ,a tube chime for a church belfry is especially suitable4 ,the carrying power is not quite equal to that of bells4 ,a chime was lately set up in the tower of one of the ,dorsetshire churches which has pleased all concerned4 ,rung for the first time on occasion of the harvest festival1 it caused both delight and surprise by the sweet and melodious tones it gave out4 ,the invention has not long been brought under public notice1 but the demand for household octaves in place of the inharmonious gong is already very large4 ,mr4 ,harrington has a taste for music1 and the idea of adapting tubes of metal for the musical purposes of bells is no new one4 ,it has taken1 though1 many years of experiment and study to perfect the principle4 ,one difficulty1 which was a great obstacle in the way1 may be alluded to4 ,the large chimes are rung by bell ropes1 but1 contrary to the plan of bells1 there is an external hammer instead of the internal clapper4 ,if the hammers were made of sufficient hardness to prevent wear and tear1 the chime lost its sweet tones and became harsh4 ,if the hammers were less hard1 they would constantly require to be replaced4 ,fortunately1 that difficulty1 like many others1 has been satisfactorily got over4 ,the chimes can be1 it should be noted1 tuned to any desired pitch1 and ,messrs4 ,harrington ,co4 are probably warranted when they say3 8,the introduction of this invention will1 we are assured1 mark the commencement of a new era in connection with church bells and carillons1 chimes for clocks of all sizes1 dinner calls and gongs1 and all mechanisms in which musical bells are used or required1 and in some of these departments bids fair to work a complete revolution40--,the ,architect4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,new ,,tube ,,chimes4 ,,miss ,,florence ,,nightingale',s ,,home4 ,at the residence of ,sir ,harry ,verney1 ,claydon ,house1 ,buckinghamshire1 a deputation from the ,working ,men's ,club of ,whatstandwell1 ,derbyshire1 recently waited on ,miss ,florence ,nightingale1 for the purpose of presenting to her an oil painting1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,crosland1 of her late home1 ,lea ,hurst1 as a token of their esteem1 and in recognition of the great interest taken by her in that institution4 ,the deputation1 consisting of ,mr4 ,f4 ,c4 ,iveson1 ,mr4 ,crosland1 the artist1 and ,mr4 ,w4 ,peacock1 assured ,miss ,nightingale of the love felt for her by all classes of people at ,whatstandwell and in that district1 and of their gratitude for her kindness and help in every good work4 ,miss ,nightingale1 in thanking them for the present1 which she admired very much1 expressed her continued great interest in the institution and its members1 and assured them of her hopes for its welfare4 ,the deputation were entertained at ,claydon ,house by ,sir ,harry and ,lady ,verney4 ,we are permitted to copy the picture of ,lea ,hurst in our engraving1 using a photograph taken by ,mr4 ,j4 ,schmidt1 of ,belper4 ,illustration3 ,,lea ,,hurst1 ,,derbyshire1 ,,the ,,home ,,of ,,miss ,,florence ,,nightingale4 ,miss ,florence ,nightingale is a lady whose name has been deservedly honored in ,england since the ,crimean war and has become the symbol of a particular type of personal efforts in the service of afflicted humanity4 ,she was born at ,florence1 in ,may1 #ahbj1 youngest daughter and coheiress of ,w4 ,e4 ,nightingale1 ,esq41 of ,lea ,hurst1 ,derbyshire1 and ,embley ,park1 ,hampshire4 ,she devoted her attention to the working of schools for the poor1 juvenile reformatories1 and hospitals1 inspecting many such institutions on the ,continent1 and residing1 in #ahea1 with the ,protestant ,sisters of ,mercy at ,kaiserswerth1 on the ,rhine4 ,she next bestowed her care and gifts of her money on the ,london ,governesses' ,sanatorium in ,harley street4 ,during the ,crimean war1 in #ahed1 when the inefficient state of our military hospitals in the ,east demanded instant reform1 the hospital at ,scutari1 opposite ,constantinople1 was established for the relief of sick and wounded ,british soldiers and prisoners4 ,it was resolved to form a select band of volunteer lady superintendents and female nurses for this and other army hospitals4 ,at the request of the ,secretary of ,state for the ,war ,department1 ,mr4 ,sidney ,herbert1 afterward ,lord ,herbert of ,lea1 ,miss ,nightingale undertook the task of organizing and directing this service1 which she performed in a manner universally admired1 and which earned her the personal friendship of the ,queen1 with many public and private expressions of gratitude and esteem4 ,a testimonial fund amounting to #bej1jjj was subscribed in recognition of her patriotic and benevolent work1 and was1 at her special desire1 applied to create and maintain an institution for the training of nurses4 ,miss ,nightingale's impaired health1 for many years past1 has debarred her from active public exertions but she has continued to study the plans and operations of those charitable agencies on which she is a high authority1 and has written brief treatises on subjects of much practical importance4 ,her 8,notes on ,hospitals10 printed in #ahei2 8,notes on ,nursing10 in #ahfj2 and 8,notes on ,lyingin ,institutions10 and on the training of midwives and midwifery nurses1 in #ahga1 were of considerable utility4 ,she also wrote1 in #ahfc1 valuable observations on the sanitary condition of the army in ,india1 and has furnished to the ,war ,office useful reports and suggestions concerning the army medical department4--,illustrated ,london ,news4 ,painting4 ,in order to use paints and oils economically1 a clear understanding of their purpose and action is absolutely necessary4 ,linseed oil is said to 8dry0 after being applied4 ,that is only partially true4 ,it rather oxidizes and changes to a tough1 gummy substance not unlike hard glue4 ,this action is accelerated by the use of 8driers10 as they are called4 ,but in no case does it give the same results as when left to dry of its own free will4 ,the carbonate of lead or mineral which is added to the oil gives the color and assists in making up the body4 ,the life of the paint is the oil1 and when it is oxidized1 it alone is the binding element4 ,upon it depends the durability of the paint4 ,a piece of wood dipped in linseed oil and hung up to dry1 or oxidize1 in the air1 will soon become covered with a beautiful translucent film of oxidized oil1 which grows harder daily4 ,it will take a high polish and preserve the wood4 ,another piece dipped in carbonate of lead1 or mineral1 mixed in turpentine1 or any fluid to allow it to spread evenly over the surface1 will when dry have a dead or flat color without polish or body to bind it together1 and the slightest abrasion will remove portions of it4 ,all painting is done either with pure oils or with the admixture of a fluid like turpentine1 which assists in the distribution of the mineral1 but does not add to the body4 ,when the surface of wood has been covered with a thick coating of oxidized oil1 it can be washed and rubbed to look clean and polished4 ,boats1 when of a light color1 are often painted with a mixture containing much turpentine1 in order that all marks may be removed with a little beach sand1 by rubbing off the mineral1 which is not bound together securely by oil1 but only loosely by turpentine4 ,car builders now often paint their cars or varnish them a second time soon after the first1 say after about six months' run4 ,this gives them a good coat of oxidized oil to withstand the weather and preserve the wood4 ,a few coats applied within short intervals produce a fine covering which is very durable and will take a polish after washing4--,master ,mechanic4 ,removal of ,chimneys4 ,an interesting scene was caused recently by the blowing up of the two immense chimneys on ,borsig's machine works in ,berlin4 ,a large number of spectators were present to witness the ceremony1 including several officers of the army1 the trustees of the ,borsig estates1 and the employes of the works4 ,punctually at five minutes past six ,p4 ,m41 the signal to 8,look out60 was given2 then came the word of command1 8,fire60 and at this moment the vast chimney1 towering to a height of say #abj feet #i inches1 quietly collapsed4 ,the noise occasioned by the fall was not very great1 ditches two meters in breadth having been dug all round the chimney and filled with straw4 ,for blowing up this colossus1 which consisted of #ih1jjj bricks and was topped with a heavy iron cap weighing twentyfive centners1 only #bd kilos of dynamite were employed4 ,photographs were taken of the chimney before it fell1 and also as it was in the act of falling1 by an officer of the ,commission for ,experimenting with ,explosives4 ,the second chimney standing about #hj feet high1 was blasted with gun cotton1 of which #ce kilos were required4 ,,homes ,,of ,,factory ,,operatives4 ,the institution of the factory system changed the workshop home of the domestic system to the home proper by transferring work to the factory4 ,as a result1 the homes of the operatives under the factory system have undergone a great change1 and are still undergoing changes1 which are making the ,english significance of the word 8home0 a reality to the poorest4 ,it is perfectly true that in every large factory town one can find loathsome dwellings occupied by groups of persons called families4 ,in most factory towns1 both in ,america and ,europe1 it is easy to find dwellings occupied by factory operatives which are a disgrace to the owners and the municipality4 ,yet1 taking the operative population of such towns as a class1 they are very comfortably housed1 and about as well housed in one country as another4 ,the personal inspection of more than #a1jjj homes of factory operatives leads ,mr4 ,carroll ,d4 ,wright to this conclusion1 he having written a special report on the 8,factory ,system of the ,united ,states0 for the ,census ,bureau4 ,british factory houses being floored with stone1 as a rule1 present a cold and cheerless look4 ,the dimensions of the ,british house are much smaller than factory houses in ,america4 ,the tenements of three rooms have much less space than tenements of three rooms here4 ,this is generally true of all ,european factory towns4 ,but the houses of the operatives are1 as a rule1 separate ones1 the tenement house being quite unknown except where what is termed the 8model workingmen's houses0 are being tried4 ,the boarding house is not an institution for factory operatives4 ,illustration3 ,,operative',s ,,house ,,at ,,willimantic ,,factories4 ,at ,saltaire1 near ,bradford1 the homes of the workpeople are excellent2 rents vary from #cj to #ajj per year for three to five room houses4 ,the houses are neat1 tidy1 and prettily furnished4 ,at ,queensbury1 where ,john ,foster ,son have works1 the weavers earn #ae to #ah shillings per week full run1 and the rents are #hd cents per week for three rooms4 ,some of the best houses in ,england are at ,copley village1 in ,halifax1 built by ,james ,akroyd ,sons4 ,they rent three rooms for #aj per year1 and the operatives are helped to acquire a freehold4 ,the ,crowleys at ,halifax employ #e1jjj people1 who have good houses4 ,the houses at ,salford and ,manchester are not so good4 ,the factories at ,paisley are excellent evidences of the good influence which arises from proper interest in employes4 ,the works of the ,messrs4 ,clark and ,messrs4 ,coates are model establishments and the influence of model works extends to the houses of the people employed1 which are here very comfortable4 ,rents vary from #gb cents to #b per week1 according to number of rooms4 ,in ,glasgow no cellarages can now be found4 ,the operatives have gone to the suburbs1 where they have changed their cramped city abodes for clean and light houses4 ,belfast1 ,ireland1 is improving the dwellings of the linen factory operatives4 ,the houses are tidy1 and rents are from #dh to #fj cents per week for four rooms4 ,there are houses with flats in ,belfast4 ,in the west and east of ,scotland the operatives live very largely in flats2 rents in ,dundee and ,dunfermline being for two rooms from #ae to #cj per year1 and for three or four rooms from #cj to #ej per year4 ,among the most substantial houses for workingmen will be found those of ,herr ,krupp1 in ,essen1 ,rhenish ,prussia4 ,by his system of employment he has the selection of the best mechanics in ,europe4 ,this system comprehends all the advantages to be found in model industrial establishments1 including excellent tenements and gardens at low rents4 ,a foreman1 a gunmaker1 earning #de per month1 receives four rooms1 a drying place on the roof1 a cellar1 and a garden for #de per year4 ,a workman with wages at #ge cents per day pays #cg per year for three large rooms1 drying place1 cellar1 and garden4 ,there are fair tenements1 in two or three story blocks1 situated in colonies just outside the towns4 ,for #ajj per year1 one can obtain a most excellent tenement of seven large rooms1 cellar1 garden1 etc4 ,the houses in the colonies are owned by ,herr ,krupp4 ,in fact1 he believes that he receives better results by owning everything1 and by being able thereby to control the sanitary surroundings of the dwellings of his people4 ,these colonies1 each having its name1 are laid out with park1 schools1 churches1 supply stores1 etc4 ,the housing of the single men is on the barrack plan4 ,it may be stated that the houses in ,great ,britain and on the ,continent are of stone or brick1 as the locality may afford1 and the neat wood cottage of ,america cannot be found4 ,it is quite impossible to compare the houses of ,european factory operatives with those of the same class in ,america4 ,the great mass of the former are1 generally speaking1 quite as well housed as the latter1 so far as the quality of the house is concerned2 but so far as quantity of room and excellence of living are concerned1 the advantage is with the operatives of ,america4 ,when the operative of this country steps out of the boarding or the tenement house1 he steps into an individual home the equal of which cannot be found in the factory towns of the ,old ,world4 ,the cottage of the ,american factory operative1 when he sees fit to occupy one1 is superior to the cottage of the workingman of any other country4 ,it is most gratifying to know that the individual homes are not only increasing in number in this country1 but they are increasing in influence4 ,in all the leading factory towns this is the course of progress4 ,the plates we give on this page represent one of the styles of modern cottages built by the ,willimantic ,linen ,co41 of ,willimantic1 ,conn4 ,with each cottage is quite a garden of several thousand feet of land4 ,the rent is from #fj to #abe per year4 ,these houses are located in such a way as to exhibit variety of styles2 that is1 two of like architecture are never placed side by side4 ,the company has a large number of these houses occupied by operators and overseers4 ,the cuts show the front and side elevations1 and the plans of the two floors4 ,these are given as a type of the detached workingmen's homes used in this country4--,min4 and ,sci4 ,press4 ,gangways v4 ,staircases4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,lindsay ,miller1 in the ,building ,news1 recommends for theaters and other public buildings the use of gangways instead of stairs4 ,in public works1 especially dye works1 they will not use the stairs1 but gain access to the several floors by gangways1 with a rise of about #e ft4 in #ab ft4 or #ac ft4 of length1 and any one watching the speed and ease with which the workers run from floor to floor would at once understand why staircases are not used4 ,of course1 architecturally1 they have not the dignity of the staircase2 but1 in theaters and music halls1 dignity is secondary to security4 ,the advantage of the gangway is easily explained4 ,in going down a stair1 each step1 or1 in a hurry1 each second step1 must be taken1 and the slightest mistake throws the person down4 ,in a stair #ab ft4 long1 at least six different steps require to be taken4 ,in the gangway of the same length1 a person in a hurry1 or in the excitement of a panic1 would take it in two bounds1 and with perfect safety4 ,,roburite--,a ,,new ,,explosive4 ,a number of experiments were conducted lately at the works of ,messrs4 ,heenan ,froude1 ,manchester1 with a new explosive1 called 8roburite10 which is manufactured in ,germany1 and is about to be introduced into this country for use in blasting operations4 ,the composition and process of manufacture of this explosive are kept secret1 but we understand that it consists of two nonexplosive and perfectly harmless substances1 of such a nature that they may be stored or transported without special precautions or restrictions4 ,these two substances may be mixed together when required1 and1 in combination1 become roburite1 a yellowish compound1 which will bear rough handling with safety4 ,we understand that an intense heat is necessary to explode it4 ,in order to prove this1 the explosive was placed1 in the experiments in question1 between two plates1 which were freely rubbed together and hammered2 and a small quantity thrown upon a fire was merely consumed1 without exploding4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,in order to obtain an idea of the explosive effectiveness of roburite1 eight ounces of the explosive were placed on a plate of the very best steel1 at the point marked ,a in ,fig4 #a1 which shows the state of the plate after the explosion4 ,this plate was #c ft4 square by in4 thick1 and a bulge of about #a ft4 diam4 and #c in4 deep was caused by the explosion4 ,twelve ounces of the explosive were then placed at ,a 7,fig4 #b7 on a cast iron plate1 #f in4 thick1 and weighing nearly three tons4 ,after the explosion the plate was found to be broken transversely1 in the manner shown in the engraving4 ,unlike dynamite1 roburite is said to be in no way affected by varying temperatures1 and if duly protected against damp1 it may be kept for years in any climate1 without its efficiency becoming in any way impaired4 ,it is also claimed by the manufacturers that roburite has an explosive force greater than dynamite by at least #be per cent4 ,illustration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,in exploding1 roburite does not produce noxious gases1 and1 therefore1 may be used without intermission1 while the poisonous gases given off by dynamite often necessitate the stoppage of work1 in some cases for a considerable time4 ,this new explosive is applicable for use in mines and quarries1 and for torpedoes and blasting operations generally4--,industries4 ,iron ,beams ,in ,place of ,wood4 ,speaking of the large apartment house in ,new ,york lately condemned for dry rot 7see illustration last ,november number of this paper71 the ,american ,architect says3 ,a few of the floors were of spruce1 and these1 as might be expected1 had resisted the rot much better than the hemlock1 and were still sound1 but the construction ought certainly to be changed4 ,in view of the dangers from this source which attend efforts to provide fireresisting floors of wood1 it would seem that something might be done with light shapes of rolled iron beams4 ,we have seen rolled floor beams used in ,paris nearly as light as wooden ones of the same depth1 and a tier of these1 deafened with mortar on wire in the ,french manner1 and wirelathed underneath1 with a wooden floor over1 would cost little more than a solid mass of wooden beams1 and would be proof against rot as well as fire4 ,,bathing ,,establishment ,,and ,,casino ,,in ,,vittel 7,,vosges74 ,,built ,,by ,,charles ,,garnier1 ,,architect1 ,,of ,,paris4 ,the casino is built of plastered quarry stone1 with the exception of the socle1 the balustrades1 and the pillars1 which consist of gray ,vosges sandstone4 ,the facade is ornamented with mosaics1 and the roof is covered with slate of two colors4 ,illustration3 ,,bathing ,,house ,,and ,,saloon ,,at ,,vittel--,,charles ,,garnier1 ,,architect4 ,the bathing establishment is colored in ,moorish style4 ,red brick bands in the socle1 as well as the faience and mosaics in the main cornice1 stand out artistically from the gray plaster of the walls4 ,the roof is covered with red tiles4--,architektonische ,rundschau4 ,the ,back ,yard4 ,our immediate ancestors had their farm house1 with its necessary accompaniment of granaries1 barn1 etc4 ,we move to town and build our shingle palace or brick mansion1 with its large front show window1 in which the well preserved1 gilt edged family ,bible and the ,rogers group have it which and t'other for supremacy--and set up in our back yard1 to represent the outbuildings of our ancestry1 a privy1 a pile of slabwood1 generally as dumped1 a few barrels1 perhaps a cheap stable4 ,not then satisfied with the amount of decaying wood about the premises1 we lay a lot of wood walk4 ,walking along the avenue1 we see a pretentious residence4 ,it must be occupied by people of great refinement1 for is not the most prominent room in the house the library1 the whole street side taken up with an immense bay window1 the glass reaching nearly to the floor8 ,how splendidly it was lighted as we passed last night6 ,what elegant sets of books on the shelves6 ,plenty of pictures1 too4 ,let us today take a look at the back yard4 ,why do not these people board up the windows at the back of the house8 ,here is a well with a dirty puddle by it1 the pump standing on a rotting platform2 hard by some kitchen garbage1 farther on ashes1 and so it goes1 the whole rear of the lot so bad as to discourage vegetable life even4 ,it is mercifully screened in part from the general view by a high1 unpainted board fence1 against which1 now and then1 a weed or tuft of grass grows4 ,where is there better field for the crusade8 ,the rear of the house and the outbuildings1 though not so expensively finished1 have a right to be carefully and artistically done4 ,a woodshed is not a nuisance if inclosed1 well boarded and painted1 and the wood kept inside4 ,a privy has no right to exist4 ,if there be no proper system of drainage in the house for a water closet1 partition off an earth closet from the woodshed or stable4 ,tasteful1 well cared for outbuildings and fences are not only not an offense to the artistic sense1 but are rather pleasing1 indicating thrift1 tidiness1 and comfort4 ,but when we consider the opportunities they offer for the support of the vine morning glories1 sweet peas1 nasturtiums1 climbing roses1 and like forms of plant life1 what a joyous recompense for so little labor and care4 ,then all the available back yard space that is not used for walks1 drives1 etc41 should give either vegetables or flowers--minister to the comfort or culture of the family4 ,listen to people who lament the bad influences of street associations upon the children4 ,yet they say1 very reasonably1 the children must have outdoor air1 etc41 and they have never considered but that the only alternative from the housing of the children is the freedom of the streets4 ,they do not know what moral education is contained in a few feet of ground1 congenial work for the hands1 and the prettiest of life development studies for the mind4 ,give each of these streetloving children a flower bed1 a small set of garden tools1 some flower seeds1 and what help and advice they need1 and note if there be not germs of nobler thoughts and desires taking root at the same time in their fertile natures4 ,but--to moralize a little--there is a kinship between the ornamented front and disgraceful rear of a residence and the fine clothes and the false heart of the wearer1 and we fear that the majority of people who inhabit that sort of residence would rather risk some contamination of their children's characters than to see their faces1 hands1 and clothes besmeared with ,mother ,earth4 ,the back yard of the future will be a bower of flowers and greenery and the leisure hour resort of the family4--,n4 ,w4 ,architect4 ,thomas ,ustick ,walter4 ,thomas ,ustick ,walter died at his home1 in ,philadelphia1 on ,october #cj1 aged eightyfour years4 ,he had been for some years president of the ,american ,institute of ,architects4 ,his first principal work was the new county prison1 in #ahca1 now generally known as 8,moyamensing ,jail40 ,in #ahcc he made the original designs for ,girard ,college1 and was sent to ,europe by the building committee of the institution4 ,his tour through the principal countries was made for the specific purpose of the study of the principal buildings of the old world4 ,upon his return he took charge of the college buildings1 which were finished in #ahdg1 in accordance with his suggestions1 when he was also made one of the directors of the college4 ,mr4 ,walter's next great public work was the breakwater at ,laguayra for the ,venezuelan government4 ,in #ahea his design for the extension of the national capitol was adopted1 and he was appointed government architect4 ,he removed to ,washington1 where he designed several prominent public buildings1 among them being the wing added to the ,patent ,office in #ahea1 the reconstruction of the ,congressional ,library building1 which was destroyed by fire in #ahea1 the extensions of the ,united ,states ,treasury building in #ahee1 and the ,post ,office in the same year1 the dome of the national capitol1 and the government hospital for the insane4 ,pine ,woods4 ,the sights and sounds of pine woods1 the comfort and delight of walking in them1 cannot be half told in a short paragraph4 ,they are also as sanitary as they are pleasing and beautiful4 ,it is said that the air of the ,black ,forest does more to revive and cure weakly patients than gallons of medicine2 and from experience of the odors of pines at night1 or in the early morning and dewy eve1 ,i should say they were not only antiseptic1 but strengthening as a dose of quinine4 ,the living leaves1 as well as the dead and slowly decomposing needles1 redolent of healing and strengthening odors1 bring back the color to pale cheeks and strength to semiexhausted constitutions4 ,the shelter of pine forests is also perfect4 ,no matter how the wind thunders and roars among the tops1 calm prevails on the surface of the ground4 ,just as the waves of the ocean are1 after all1 limited to its surface while a perpetual calm rests on its deeper depths1 so the turmoil of the storm exhausts its force on the tops of the trees1 while the base of the boles are hardly moved by it4 ,hence the superlative value of pines in masses for shelter4 ,the shelter of a large pine wood is unique in character1 providing a local atmosphere as genial as it is pleasant4 ,the elasticity of the dead needles seems to get into one's spirits1 and enables one for the nonce to bid adieu to the cares and the ills of life4 ,one saunters along under the shadow of tall pines without fatigue1 and can rest on the clean1 sweet carpet of dead needles and leaves with little fear of noxious weeds1 insects1 or malaria2 and the whole air is deodorized and charged to the full with healthgiving properties by the odordistributing pines1 that not only provide warmth and shelter1 but health1 to all who walk under or linger among them4 ,pine woods in ,england are mostly too small to furnish to the full all these advantages2 but the black forests of ,scotland1 ,germany1 ,denmark1 ,sweden1 and ,russia are massive enough to furnish shelter1 shadow1 rest1 and health to those wise enough to seek for either amid their grand trunks or under their dense1 dark masses of branches and leaves4--,the ,garden4 ,,sketch ,,for ,a ,,cottage4 ,we give from the ,architectural ,era the floor plans and perspective sketch for a cottage which presents a number of attractive features4 ,this house might be well built for #e1ejj1 and perhaps less1 depending on the locality and style of interior finish4 ,illustration3 ,,sketch ,,for ,a ,,cottage4 ,illustration3 ,,first ,,floor ,,plan4 ,illustration3 ,,second ,,floor ,,plan4 ,how ,we ,have ,grown4 ,when the history of the past seven years comes to be written1 they will stand as years of the most marvelous expansion ever known in our history4 ,two of them1 #ahhd and #ahhe1 were held as they passed to be dull years1 but even these included great growth1 and were a period of industrial readjustment rather than liquidation4 ,the population of this country has not increased more than a fourth since the census of #ahhj1 but house building1 as an industry1 has more than doubled1 the number of common brick made in this country having increased from #c1hjj1jjj1jjj to #g1jjj1jjj1jjj1 worth #di1jjj1jjj4 ,as the lumber trade has increased in less but large proportion1 and iron production has risen over onehalf from #d1cjj1jjj tons in #ahhj to #f1cjj1jjj in #ahhf1 it is certain that the past seven years have seen the most active building ever known in this country4 ,chicago uses oneseventeenth of the brick made in the country1 and if its building represents the same share of the cost of house erection of all sorts in the ,united ,states1 fully #b1jjj1jjj1jjj have been spent on buildings in this country in the last seven years4 ,as about the same sum will be reached by adding the building in the leading cities and estimating for the rest of the country1 the truth is probably not far from these figures1 which are under rather than over the mark4 ,the railroad building since #ahhj has cost1 at #ej1jjj a mile1 #b1gjj1jjj1jjj4 ,this makes #d1gjj1jjj1jjj1 or about onetenth of the national wealth in #ahhj1 turned into railroads and buildings in this country4 ,as the residence and business real estate of the country1 including water power1 was valued in the census of #ahhj at #i1hha1jjj1jjj1 and the railroads at #e1ejj1jjj1jjj1 we have added onehalf to the cost of the latter and onefifth to the former in seven years1 although the railroads represent the accumulated construction of fifty years1 and the buildings are spread over an even longer period in their erection4 ,this enormous increase has taken place without adding a bale to the cotton to be carried or a bushel to the grain raised4 ,no more pork is produced now than in #ahhj1 and the number of sheep is no greater now than then4 ,great increase has been made in cattle raised for food1 in fruits1 and1 on the average1 in canned goods4 ,coal1 taking bituminous and anthracite together1 has increased onehalf from #gj1jjj1jjj to #ajf1jjj1jjj tons4 ,copper has advanced in output from #bg1jji tons in #ahhj to #fi1hjj in #ahhf1 and about the same this year4 ,a great advance is true of nearly all mineral products1 but in agriculture the ,united ,states has made little or no progress in product in the last seven years1 but a great advance in acreage or the cost of cultivation4--,philadelphia ,press4 ,a ,good ,suggestion4 ,charles ,hardy1 in the ,national ,builder1 says3 ,underestimating means working for nothing and forcing others to do the same2 it means impoverishment and poor work4 ,the contractor has himself and his family to maintain1 and the temptation is great to get out by doing poor work4 ,i would suggest that every contractor purchase an account book large enough to enter1 line by line1 upon a single page1 every item of his estimate--giving quantity1 price1 and labor for each item4 ,let him leave opposite to this page a blank page1 on which he may enter1 on the corresponding line opposite1 the actual amount of labor expended upon the item1 and he will thus be able to see the result of his contract4 ,a ,,tower of ,,victory has been erected on the grounds of ,washington's ,headquarters1 at ,newburg1 ,n4 ,y41 at a cost of #ce1jjj4 ,it affords beautiful views of the ,hudson1 the ,highlands1 and the surrounding country4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,cottage ,,for #d1bjj4 ,for description see page #adj4 ,illustration3 #ast ,story ,plan4 ,illustration3 #bnd ,story ,plan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illustration3 ,a ,,residence ,,for #e1jjj4 ,for description see page #adj4 ,illustration3 ,,first ,,story ,,plan4 ,illustration3 ,,second ,,story ,,plan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a #d1bjj ,,dwelling4 ,we give a perspective view and plans of a neat dwelling1 the general dimensions of which are as follows3 ,front1 #bi ft4 #f in41 exclusive of bay window2 side1 #dh ft4 #i in41 not including piazza4 ,cellar1 #g ft42 first story1 #i ft4 #f in42 second story1 #i ft42 attic1 #h ft4 ,see floor plans for dimensions of rooms4 ,materials4--,foundation1 brick2 first and second stories1 clapboards2 gables1 cut shingles2 roof1 slate4 ,cost4--,four thousand two hundred dollars1 including furnace and mantels4 ,illustration3 ,a #d1bjj ,,dwelling4 ,illustration3 ,,first ,,floor ,,plan4 ,illustration3 ,,second ,,floor ,,plan4 ,fireplaces are provided in the dining room1 parlor1 and one bed room4 ,the attic has two bed rooms1 front room1 and hall4 ,cellar under the whole house4 ,,prof4 ,,thomas1 of ,little ,rock1 has a curious library4 ,the covers of the books are of wood1 each a different specimen4 ,they are made from white oak1 red oak1 black oak1 chestnut1 ,american beech1 birch1 red cedar1 yellow pine1 pitch pine1 willow1 poplar1 cypress1 8old field0 or longleaved pine1 bois d'arc1 black walnut1 hickory 7several varieties71 white and red maple1 box elder1 black locust1 black sumac1 water locust1 coffee bean1 wild plum1 holly1 basswood1 papaw1 bay1 umbrella1 wild cherry1 sweet gum1 elm 7several varieties71 sycamore1 witch hazel1 butternut1 pecan1 hickory1 and twenty or more other woods4 ,,the ,,john ,,crouse ,,memorial ,,college ,,for ,,women4 ,we take pleasure in presenting to our readers an illustration of the ,john ,crouse ,memorial ,college for ,women1 which it is proposed to erect on the hill west of the ,hall of ,languages1 ,syracuse ,university1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,this edifice is to be the gift of one of the wealthiest and most prominent citizens of ,syracuse1 ,mr4 ,john ,crouse4 ,the donor of this magnificent gift well deserves to be held in grateful remembrance by every friend and well wisher of the ,syracuse ,university1 as well as by the students and faculty4 ,it is proposed to make this building a model one in every respect1 and neither pains nor money are to be spared to render it the most perfectly equipped college to be found in the country4 ,the structure is to be five stories in height1 to be built of ,east ,long ,meadow brownstone1 and to cover an area of nearly two hundred feet square4 ,in this connection a brief historical sketch of ,syracuse ,university may interest our readers4 ,the college now known as ,syracuse ,university had its origin in ,lima1 a pretty little village in ,western ,new ,york1 but quite out of the way1 and not easy of access4 ,it was then called ,genesee ,college1 and the first gathering of faculty and students occurred on ,monday1 ,june #i1 #ahea4 ,the faculty consisted of ,benjamin ,f4 ,tefft1 ,d4,d4 ,,ll4,d4 and ,professors ,houghton1 ,douglass1 ,whitlock1 and ,alverson4 ,on ,june #ab of same year1 the ,rev4 ,b4 ,f4 ,tefft was inaugurated president of ,genesee ,college1 and on ,july #aj the names of thirtyeight students were enrolled on the college register4 ,november #e saw the faculty increased by the addition of ,professors ,hoyt and ,fowler4 ,the college thus organized continued with varying fortunes until ,july #g1 #ahga1 when it disbanded4 ,in #ahff the subject of removing the college from ,lima began to be agitated1 and the idea of a central university for the ,methodism of ,new ,york was first publicly announced in the ,northern ,christian ,advocate1 during the year #ahgc4 ,from this time forth the new enterprise met with great favor on all sides1 except with the citizens of ,lima1 who were reluctant to see the withdrawal from their midst of their principal attraction1 to which we may well believe they had become greatly attached1 and who procured an injunction against its removal4 ,prominent members of the ,methodist ,central ,conference were nevertheless commissioned to carry forward the good work1 and substantial aid was soon forthcoming4 ,syracuse1 being the most central city in the ,state1 was finally settled upon as the most appropriate home for the new college4 ,illustration3 ,,archimedes ,,russell1 ,architect1 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,the site now known as ,university ,hill was secured1 plans made by the well known architect1 ,h4 ,n4 ,white1 were adopted1 and ,july #ai1 #ahga1 the contract for building the ,hall of ,languages was let for the sum of #acf1jjj1 and ,syracuse ,university became an assured fact4 ,the corner stone of the ,hall of ,languages was laid on ,august #ca1 with impressive ceremonies1 and the faculty of the ,college of ,liberal ,arts was inaugurated4 ,on ,september #a the college opened in the ,myers block1 which had been secured for the use of the university1 and here the sessions were held until ,may #a1 #ahgc1 when the ,hall of ,languages being completed1 it was on that date occupied for the first time4 ,during the year #ahga the plan for a medical college in connection with the university was adopted1 and its first commencement exercises were held ,february #ab1 #ahgc4 ,when the ,hall of ,languages was erected1 other buildings were contemplated at such time as the finances of the university should admit of their realization4 ,the institution has struggled along1 sometimes meeting with reverses1 but now and then being fortified and strengthened by the reception of substantial encouragement from some of its many and devoted friends4 ,now at last the wheel of fortune has suddenly turned in its favor1 and it finds itself at the flood tide of prosperity1 with the prospect before it of a long and honorable course of usefulness and well deserved success4 ,university ,hill commands a magnificent view of the belt of hills which girdle the city1 with ,onondaga ,lake set like a sparkling gem in the distance4 ,upon the west hill an observatory has just been erected1 and near the ,hall of ,languages a suitable building is in process of erection1 for the accommodation of the fine and valuable library which has been generously bestowed upon it by one of its friends4 ,syracusans are proud of the ,university1 and they1 in common with its hosts of warm friends throughout all parts of the country1 rejoice in the evidence of its well merited prosperity4 ,the alumni of ,syracuse ,university have members not only in almost every ,state in the ,union1 but count among their number graduates from ,canada1 ,england1 ,mexico1 ,san ,domingo1 ,brazil1 ,china1 ,india1 and ,japan4--,architectural ,era4 ,how a ,marble ,statue is ,made4 ,mr4 ,john ,a4 ,p4 ,macbride1 sculptor1 who was introduced to a large audience1 chiefly of workingmen1 by ,sir ,james ,picton1 recently gave a practical lecture on the above subject1 at the ,rotunda lecture hall1 ,liverpool4 ,after giving a sketch of the art and its great antiquity1 the lecturer drew a profile in chalk on the blackboard1 which he filled in with clay1 and proceeded to demonstrate the building up and modeling of a portrait bust of soft clay4 ,he stated that there was a general and erroneous opinion that in taking a portrait bust it was necessary to take a cast of the face4 ,this was a mistake1 for the head lost all the spirit and go by such a mechanical process that should distinguish an artist's work4 ,the truth was not always that which appeared to be true1 and the sculptor had to convey some idea of the character as well as of the mind of the sitter2 and a man who knew his work ought to be able to do so with his fingers4 ,carving was a secondary consideration4 ,the lecturer then explained the process of pointing a marble statue4 ,in this process1 the model and the block of marble were each fixed on a base called a scale stone1 to which a standard vertical rod could be attached at corresponding centers1 having at its upper end a sliding needle1 so adapted by a movable joint as to be set at any angle and fastened by a screw when set4 ,the sculptor having marked the governing points with a pencil on the model1 the instrument was applied to these1 and the measure taken4 ,the standard being then transferred to the block base1 the pointer1 guided by this measure1 cuts away the marble1 taking care to leave it rather larger than the model1 so that the general proportions were kept1 and the more important work then left for the sculptor's hand4--,building ,news4 ,about #e1ejj buildings have been rebuilt and improved in ,charleston1 ,s4 ,c41 in the year since the earthquake1 and #bgj new buildings have been erected4 ,this has been a busy year with mechanics and builders at ,charleston1 and about #c1ejj1jjj has been expended in this work4 ,a ,,stable ,,costing #e1ejj4 ,we present herewith front and rear perspectives1 with plans1 for a handsome stable now being erected in ,brooklyn1 ,n4 ,y41 from designs and plans prepared at the ,,scientific ,,american office4 ,the general dimensions are3 ,front1 #dj feet2 side1 #be feet4 ,height of stories3 ,first story1 #aa feet3 #e feet breastwork in second story4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,stable ,,costing #e1ejj--;,,front ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,stable ,,costing #e1ejj--,,rear ,,view4 ,illustration3 ,,first ,,floor ,,plan4 ,illustration3 ,,second ,,floor ,,plan4 ,materials4--,foundation1 stone2 water table1 red granite2 outside walls1 red pressed brick2 trimmings1 buff brick2 tower and gables1 shingles2 roof1 black and red slate2 inside wall finish1 enameled brick2 ceilings and stable work1 ,georgia pine2 cellar under carriage room4 ,cost1 #e1ejj4 ,special ,features4--,space for six carriages in carriage room2 accommodation for four horses2 ample ventilation and light2 stable connected by sliding door4 ,both floors are laid with #b inch ,georgia pine plank4 ,a ,great ,building4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,smithmeyer1 architect of the ,congressional ,library building1 states in his first annual report that the ,congressional ,library building when completed will be the largest structure in ,washington1 with the exception of the ,capitol4 ,it will cover #aaa1jjj square feet of space4 ,in a building of such magnitude and importance1 every step in the progress of the work must be carefully considered1 lest fatal mistakes1 due to hasty construction1 should occur4 ,it was deemed of the utmost importance to test every foot of ground supporting the foundation walls4 ,for this purpose a traveling testing machine was constructed1 which will give an accurate test of the entire soil4 ,the tests thus far made have been most satisfactory1 the soil standing a maximum pressure of #ace tons to the square foot1 only #be tons being required4 ,these tests will be continued until the foundations are laid4 ,the method of testing the soil and putting in the concrete foundations may be briefly described as follows3 ,first1 the trench excavations are made by the contractor to the width and depth required by the plans1 the bottom of the trenches being made perfectly level4 ,then the testing machine1 consisting of a car bearing the required amount of weight in pig lead for making the tests1 is placed in the trenches upon iron rails1 which rest upon four cast iron pedestals1 the latter being set four feet apart each way1 each pedestal covering one foot of ground4 ,thus1 onefourth of the entire weight borne by the car rests upon each one of the pedestals1 and the precise weight sustained by each square foot of ground is exactly determined4 ,the soil being thus tested as to its resisting strength1 is then ready to receive the concrete foundations4 ,a ,,cottage ,,for #d1bjj4 ,we give on page #acf a perspective view and floor plans of a cottage costing #d1bjj4 ,the general dimensions are3 ,front1 #cb ft42 side1 #ci ft4 #b in41 exclusive of bay window and butler's pantry4 ,the size of rooms will be seen by reference to the floor plans4 ,the height of stories is as follows3 ,cellar1 #g ft42 first story1 #i ft4 #f in42 second story1 #i ft42 attic1 #h ft4 ,materials4--,foundation1 stone2 first and second stories1 clapboarded2 gables1 cut shingles2 roof1 slate4 ,cost4--,four thousand two hundred dollars1 including furnace and mantels4 ,this house is designed to be heated by a furnace4 ,there are fireplaces in the dining room and in one front bed room4 ,the attic has two bed rooms and hall finished1 and garret4 ,cellar under the whole house4 ,a ,,residence ,,for #e1jjj4 ,the house illustrated on page #acg has the following general dimensions3 ,front1 #ca ft4 #f in41 including bay window2 side1 #dc ft41 including bay window4 ,cellar1 #g ft42 first story1 #aj ft42 second story1 #i ft4 #f in42 attic1 #h ft4 ,the floor plans show the sizes of the rooms4 ,materials4--,foundation1 stone2 first and second stories1 clapboards2 gables1 cut shingles2 roof1 slate4 ,cost4--,five thousand dollars1 without heater and mantels4 ,it may be heated by a furnace4 ,there are fireplaces in the dining room and in one chamber4 ,the attic has two chambers and hall finished4 ,cellar under the whole house4 ,water closet off the laundry1 and private stairs from kitchen to platform of main staircase4 ,proportions of ,rooms4 ,there are few objects connected with our art that have been more frequently dwelt on by those who have undertaken to be our guides and monitors than the right proportions to be given to rooms4 ,vitruvius led the way1 and subsequent theorizers have laid down1 sometimes very dogmatically1 their views of just proportions4 ,i find1 however1 in the actual practice of the ablest men such extreme diversity1 and ,i observe pleasing effects producible by the adoption of such widely different proportions1 that ,i find myself1 ,i confess1 much inclined to be somewhat incredulous of all these theories4 ,certainly if beauty could be thus reduced to a formula1 and the proper relation indisputably established between the length1 breadth1 and height of every room1 a royal road would be cleared for us1 which would be at least very convenient both to those who teach and to those who learn4 ,i fear ,i can scarcely hope to furnish you with such a desirable help in your studies4 ,i find rooms of universally admitted beauty1 yet of almost every geometrical figure4 ,i have heard of the room in the museum of ,florence1 the ,tribune it is called1 which contains the ,venus di ,medici1 spoken of in terms of rapturous approval for the beauty of its form and proportions4 ,this saloon is an equilateral octagon on plan4 ,i have known square rooms greatly admired--such1 for example1 as the saloon in ,cobham ,hall1 which is usually pointed to as one of the chefsd'uvre of ,inigo ,jones4 ,who is there that is not charmed with the proportions of the ,pantheon at ,rome8 ,this1 you know1 is circular4 ,the classical teacher of our art1 ,vitruvius1 seems to contemplate only rectangular forms1 and directs us to adapt the double cube and the cube and a half1 whether for a temple or a triclinium4 ,the ,sistine ,chapel1 attached to the ,papal ,palace1 upon which the best art of ,italy in its best days was expended1 is a triple cube1 viz41 #acc by #dd4 ,while of modern ,french1 ,italian1 and ,english teachers1 each seems to have his own special favorite proportion4 ,the truth ,i believe to be that1 so bounteously have we been endowed1 and so liberally have the laws of beauty in form and proportion been framed1 there exists in fact an endless variety of beautiful forms and proportions4 ,my impression is that it is as little consistent with truth to lay down any one definite form or proportion as the best as it is to extol any one particular curve as the line of beauty4 ,i believe that there are as many pleasing proportions to be given to rooms as there are pleasing harmonies of color and sound4 ,the purpose of a room must always be an important guide in determining the form and proportions to be given to it4 ,if planned so long in proportion to its width as to remind us of a passage1 it loses its distinctive character1 and creates a false impression1 which it can never be good art to do4 ,it is indeed obvious that a consideration of the special fitness of a room for its destined uses must always greatly influence its proportions4 ,the octagon form1 so much affected by our ancestors in planning their chapter houses1 owes its origin probably far more to the propriety of that form for a chamber intended for the convenient assemblage of the members of the chapter sitting in council than to any intrinsic architectural beauty1 however unquestionable that beauty may be4--,s4 ,smirke4 ,the ,firemen's ,herald says fire protection1 like charity1 should begin at home4 ,however efficient may be the public service against fire1 a single bucket of water properly administered may stop a fire that all the efforts of the brigade would be unable to quench1 and besides1 the jet of a powerful engine is as destructive in its way as fire to all perishable articles within a room1 such as furniture1 pictures1 and bricabrac4 ,plants for ,room ,decoration4 ,the universal custom now prevailing in most establishments of having a few plants in addition to cut flowers dotted about the different rooms induces me to write a short paper thereon1 not only because it has developed into a very important part of the gardener's work1 but it likewise requires a fair share of taste in the arrangements1 as well as suitable plants for the purpose4 ,generally speaking1 each room being differently furnished will require a different class of plants for its adornment1 but1 as a rule1 plants with stiff1 upright growth are objectionable to the eye1 as they do not hide the pot or stems unless others of a dwarfer growth are associated with them2 therefore they should only be used when possessing special features either in flower or foliage4 ,too many plants in a room are objectionable1 because they detract from rather than elevate or enhance the effect1 especially if the room is elaborately furnished4 ,for instance1 plants assigned to the front hall or corridor would be unsuitable in a drawing room or boudoir4 ,another important matter to study is the various kinds of receptacles provided for the use of plants4 ,these vary in size and shape greatly1 but are generally of a fanciful1 elaborate1 and artistic design1 and the plants for these should be selected with the greatest care and taste1 so as to add a completeness and finish1 and in no way hide or diminish the effect of their appearance4 ,i have often found1 however1 a great difficulty in getting plants to go in them without taking them out of the pots1 and in many cases ,i have found it necessary to reduce the ball of roots in order to fit the latter in properly4 ,this quite ruins the plant1 for1 in the case of choice or delicate growing subjects1 it is almost impossible for them to recover4 ,but in order to meet this difficulty1 it is advisable to make a selection of plants1 grow them in suitable sized pots1 and use them for no other purpose4 ,to do this it requires a sufficient number for three changes2 say1 if twenty plants are required at one time1 sixty should be grown1 and duplicates of all to be grown to follow on4 ,the atmosphere of rooms is generally dry1 though warm1 and impregnated with gas and other enemies to plant life4 ,so different is all this to the healthy atmosphere of a plant house1 that it is necessary that every plant used should have completed its growth1 or some injury will follow4 ,take the different varieties of adiantums1 for instance4 ,if used for the decoration of rooms in a growing state1 the young fronds would most certainly be injured2 yet1 when properly prepared1 there are no more popular or suitable plants for the purpose1 and they can be grown to a useful size in small pots4 ,nephrolepis exaltata1 though not so choice as others1 is a most handsome fern to use4 ,its long and gracefully drooping fronds are an ornament in any position1 while many of the ,pteris family have a fine and graceful appearance1 and may be used freely4 ,nice plants of ,spira japonica with or without flowers are very ornamental4 ,the different sorts of lycopods make perfect plants for small vases1 as also do the artillery plant 7,pilea muscosa7 and the little ,caladium argyrites4 ,in fact1 there is no lack of either foliage or flowering plants suitable for a tasteful arrangement either in a drawing room or boudoir1 while for more commodious places1 such as the entrance hall1 corridor1 or staircase1 and where larger plants are admissible1 there is the beautiful ,caladium esculentum1 with noble foliage and which stands well1 several sorts of palms1 the larger fronded ferns1 curculigo1 ,ficus elastica1 ,hibbertia volubilis1 and the calla or ,ethiopian lily1 all of which have a reputation for retaining their beauty better than many others1 and therefore should be grown for the purpose4 ,but to avoid as little injury as possible1 frequent changes are necessary1 and it is a very good rule to water every plant well before it is used1 and when it again needs water change it for another4 ,let all pots and plants be kept very clean1 and avoid letting the plants remain long enough to make growth in the different positions1 for such growth1 when brought out to the light1 is generally very weak4--,thomas ,record1 ,the ,garden4 ,,the ,,wainwright ,,horizontal ,,feed,,water ,,heater4 ,we illustrate herewith the ,wainwright ,horizontal ,feed,water ,heater1 adapted for use in a horizontal position under the floor of an engine room1 or where the head room is limited4 ,the feed water enters at the lower opening marked 8feed10 fills the body of the heater1 and having been heated by the exhaust steam surrounding the tubes1 passes to the boiler at upper opening marked 8feed10 the exhaust entering at either end4 ,a drip pipe1 as shown1 is provided for escape of the water of condensation1 and a hand hole for washing and cleaning4 ,it will be seen that this heater contains a large body of water well disposed to receive heat1 the tubes1 being of corrugated copper1 present #ej per cent4 increased heating surface over plain tubes of the same length1 while at the same time five times the strength is added1 and owing to their property of expansion and contraction1 all danger of the ends pulling out or the joints working and leaking is eliminated4 ,this property of expansion and contraction also prevents any accumulation of scale and sediment4 ,illustration3 ,,horizontal ,,feed,,water ,,heater4 ,these heaters are manufactured by ,the ,wainwright ,mfg4 ,co41 #fe ,oliver ,st41 ,boston4 ,the ,charter ,gas and ,gasoline ,engine4 ,this gas engine1 manufactured by the ,williams ,orton ,manufacturing ,company1 of ,sterling1 ,illinois1 possesses various features that must commend it to the attention of all interested in the production of power from gas4 ,it is characterized by great simplicity1 having no gearing1 so that it is practically noiseless4 ,it has a power and a supply cylinder1 one placed over the other1 and each working or worked by its own crank4 ,an impulse is given at every revolution of the wheel1 and by the governing device the amount of gas consumed is regulated in proportion to the work done4 ,the ignition valve is easily accessible1 and needs no adjustment on starting the engine4 ,it can be used either for gas or gasoline4 ,for the latter1 a few drops are aspirated at each stroke into the cylinder1 where mingling with the air they form the mixture for ignition4 ,the gasoline can be kept in a tank outside the building1 and is subjected to no contact with the flame until it has been thoroughly vaporized and has entered the working cylinder4 ,,an ,,improved ,,double ,,surface ,,planer4 ,illustration3 ,,gleason',s ,,double ,,surface ,,planer4 ,a fourroll machine that is simple and durable1 and all geared with the most improved extension gearing1 is shown in the accompanying illustration1 as made by ,messrs4 ,e4 ,f4 ,gleason1 manufacturers of improved wood tools1 ,american ,street and ,susquehanna ,avenue1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,both heads are driven with one counter1 and only two belts are required1 the adjustment of bed and control of feed being both on lefthand side of machine1 at ,b ,c1 within immediate reach of the operator4 ,the bottom head is quite as easy of adjustment as the top head1 having large screws1 ,f1 one at each box1 to regulate cut or chip and keep it in line with bed and top head1 both heads having selfoiling boxes4 ,the machine will doublesurface stuff from oneeighth inch to six inches in thickness4 ,it occupies a floor space of about four feet by forty inches4 ,the counter shaft has patent selfoiling hangers and patent selfoiling loose pulleys4 ,foundations in ,wet ,ground4 ,a new method of making foundations in wet ground has been devised by ,m4 ,bonnetond1 a ,french military engineer4 ,his plan is to bore a hole #aj ft4 or #ab ft4 deep and #a ft4 in diameter in the damp ground1 and in this a series of dynamite cartridges are placed1 and finally exploded4 ,the expansion of the gases generated drives the water far out beyond the sides of the hole1 into which it does not return for at least half an hour4 ,the time thus gained is utilized in rapidly excavating the cavity1 which is then filled with a cement concrete1 which sets before the return of the water4 ,the method has been adopted in the construction of a fortified enceinte at ,lyons1 and is said to have led to very rapid work4 ,,how ,,to ,,make ,a ,,cheerful ,,fireside4 ,in the accompanying illustration is shown one of several forms of arranging artificial sticks or logs in a fireplace for burning gas1 to give a close imitation of a blazing wood fire1 which has been patented and is made by ,henry ,p4 ,dixon ,co1 of #accj ,chestnut ,street1 ,philadelphia4 ,several other forms of logs and grouping are also made1 the sticks and the logs being colored to resemble wood1 and having fixed between them splints of asbestos1 which become incandescent when in use1 so that when the gas is turned on and a match applied to the small jets arranged to the best advantage over and between the logs1 it gives the appearance of a first class wood fire4 ,these artificial logs are made of material not injured by the flames1 and are designed to last a lifetime without cracking or breaking1 the gas being supplied through a brass union fixed in the back of each log1 through which connection can be readily made by rubber tubing or otherwise to the nearest gas pipe4 ,a good1 cheerful fire1 which makes neither dust1 dirt1 nor ashes1 is thus ever ready at hand and available by simply turning on and lighting the gas1 the flow of which is regulated as desired4 ,illustration3 ,,artificial ,,logs ,,for ,,fireplaces4 ,the ,sounding ,board in ,st4 ,paul's ,cathedral4 ,the form of the sounding board is1 ,i think1 a novelty1 but ,i am led to believe that it is an approach to the true form for the purpose4 ,flat sounding boards have been most commonly tried1 but they are now generally discarded4 ,a parabolic sounding board behind the preacher has been used with a certain effect1 but the advantage is limited to those in the direction of the axis of the curve2 and in these cases1 action and reaction being equal1 the preacher can sometimes hear the criticisms of his audience1 if any should be uttered tolerably loud in the proper direction4 ,besides which1 a shell of this description would have had little effect in stopping the objectionable echoes4 ,to meet these difficulties1 a curve was selected which has the property of distributing uniformly in every direction so much of the preacher's voice as can be advantageously reflected4 ,the figure is hyperbolic1 the axis being perpendicular over the preacher4 ,the diameter is ten feet1 and so much of the voice it receives is reflected as if it came from a point about four feet from the preacher4 ,it would be interesting to know1 but ,i am not aware that sufficient experiments have been made to ascertain1 what amount of sound is reflected from a given material4 ,the harder the material1 obviously the better the result4 ,in this case hard organ pipe metal has been used4 ,i observed a marked increase of audibility of the voice at a place where the assistance of the reflected sound is obtained over a point equidistant from the pulpit1 but too high to receive the reflected wave from the sounding board4--,f4 ,c4 ,penrose4 ,,the ,,popular 8,,fortune0 ,,hot ,,air ,,furnace4 ,a hot air furnace that is designed to include all the good elements of the best styles of modern construction1 and is especially adapted for suburban houses1 is shown in the accompanying illustration4 ,it is manufactured by ,messrs4 ,thomas1 ,roberts1 ,stevenson ,co1 of ,philadelphia1 in four sizes1 and has clinkercleaning1 shaking1 and dumping grate1 upright lever for shaking the grate1 improved dust flue and check draft1 improved cylinder1 with and without drum heads1 and extra large radiating surface1 being durable and cheap1 while economical in use4 ,these furnaces are made at a moderate price1 without any expense being put on for mere show1 and thousands of them are in use in nearly all parts of the country4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,fortune ,,heater4 ,not ,defective ,plumbing4 ,it many times so happens that plumbing is found a ready excuse for filthy people to place the blame upon 8defective plumbing10 while in reality it is other defects that are the real cause4 ,there are many things to take into consideration besides faulty plumbing4 ,you should ask yourself3 ,is your cellar pure8 ,how many germs of disease are lurking there because you have failed to properly drain and ventilate it1 and remove the decayed vegetation and other impurities8 ,and the well or spring2 how much filth1 unseen or unrealized though it be1 is permitted to enter there1 until at last it enters your life blood and becomes a part of your being1 bringing you to an untimely grave8--,plumbers' ,trade ,journal4 ,,an ,,improved ,,hand ,,and ,,foot ,,power ,,band ,,saw4 ,a strong and well made band saw machine1 to be run by foot or hand power1 is shown in the accompanying illustration1 and is manufactured by ,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,marston ,co41 of ,no4 #c ,appleton ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,the table is #ah #ba inches and #db inches high1 and is adjustable for cutting on a bevel4 ,there is an adjustable guide for the saw above and below the table1 the saw pulleys are #af inches in diameter1 and the driving power is by means of gears1 all shafts being of steel4 ,the upper saw pulley has an adjustment to tighten the saw and bring it in line with the lower saw pulley4 ,the power machines are from the same pattern1 and are arranged with driving shaft and pulley on lower part of the frame1 and tight and loose pulley on lower saw shaft1 so that it can be belted direct from main shafting without counter shaft4 ,the machine is a very easyworking one1 cutting some four times as fast as a gig saw with less power4 ,illustration3 ,,marston',s ,,band ,,saw4 ,the circular saw machine made by the same firm has its center part of iron1 with grooves planed for gauges to slide in1 which allows very fine and exact work to be done on the machine4 ,there is a collar on the arbor1 so that any endwise wear can be taken up1 and the gears are accurately cut from solid iron4 ,the aim of the manufacturers has been to make a simple1 strong1 accurate1 and durable machine1 such as can be put to hard work without injury1 some of their saws having been in use for fifteen years without needing repairs4 ,superior ,copper ,weather ,vanes ,,gilded ,,with ,,pure ,,gold4 ,,tower ,,ornaments1 ,,church ,,crosses1 ,,finials1 ,,etc4 ,illustration3 ,n ,e ,w ,s ,vanes made from any ,drawing or ,design on ,short ,notice4 ,t4 ,w4 ,,jones1 ,,successor ,,to ,,chas4 ,c4 ,,briggs1 ,v4 ,w4 ,,baldwin1 ,removed from #bac ,pearl ,street to #afh ,front ,street1 ,near ,maiden ,lane1 ,,new ,,york4 ,illustrated catalogue of over #bej designs1 mailed to any address on receipt of a two cent stamp1 half the postage4 ,illustration3 ,,acme ,,pat4 ,,reg4 #bg4 #hc4 ,,geo4 ,w4 ,,marble1 ,sole ,manufacturer of ,,the ,,acme ,,wrench4 ,the best made1 all steel1 and warranted1 #h sizes4 #bh to #cb ,south ,canal ,street1 ,chicago1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,dexter ,,brothers' ,,english ,,shingle ,,stains ,illustration3 ,h4 ,w4 ,,hartwell ,,wm4 ,c4 ,,richardson4 ,,archts4 ,,boston ,,mass ,are made of the very best ,english ,ground ,colors1 and contain no benzine1 water1 or creosote4 ,they have been thoroughly tested by some of the best ,architects in the country during the past three or four years1 and the colors are more lasting than any other stain4 ,the price is #ge cents a gallon for any color4 ,we would advise ,architects to specify ,dexter ,brothers' ,english ,shingle ,stain1 and note the number on the ,sample boards4 ,send for ,sample ,boards of ,colors4 ,,dexter ,,brothers1 #ee and #eg ,broad ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,architects ,,should ,,always ,,specify ,illustration3 ,mueller's ,,water ,,pressure ,regulators to insure against the bursting of pipes and to preserve a uniform pressure throughout the building4 ,write for illustrated catalogue and prices4 ,h4 ,,mueller ,,sons1 #bbj and #bbb ,east ,main ,st41 ,decatur1 ,ill4 ,,competition4 ,,school ,,houses4 ,at ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,state ,,of ,,new ,,york1 ,,department ,,of ,,public ,,instruction1 ,,superintendent',s ,,office1 ,,albany1 ,n4 ,y41 ,september #bj1 #ahhg4 ,plans and specifications for schoolhouses4 ,architects are invited to submit competition plans for six school buildings1 for which #ige is offered in prizes4 ,time of competition limited to ,december #ae1 #ahhg4 ,for further particulars address ,a4 ,s4 ,,draper1 ,state ,superintendent1 ,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,all ,,our ,,furnaces ,,are ,,absolutely ,gas ,tight ,constructed with ,simplicity ,economy4 ,healthy1 ,pure ,warm ,air4 ,no ,flues to ,stop ,up4 ,no ,mechanic ,required ,every ,year to ,put ,them in ,order4 ,has more radiating surface than any ,hot ,air ,furnaces made4 ,every ,joint is a ,steam ,boiler ,joint4 ,adapted for ,heating ,dwellings1 ,stores1 ,churches1 ,schoolhouses1 etc4 ,,manufactured ,,by ,klein ,furnace ,co41 #bej and #bed ,north ,ave41 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,klein's ,steel ,plate ,tubular ,furnaces4 ,also ,mfrs4 of ,economist ,steel ,plate ,ranges4 ,see them and you will buy no other ,warm ,air ,furnace4 ,every ,heater ,warranted4 ,architects1 ,builders1 and ,house ,owners ,illustration3 ,cable ,section4 ,illustration ,cable ,section4 ,should use our ,lead ,covered ,electric ,conductors and ,cables for circuits for ,electric ,call ,bells1 ,annunciators1 ,electric ,gas ,lighting1 ,incandescent ,lighting1 or for communication between ,residence and ,stable1 etc41 and avoid the vexation and inconvenience of broken1 leaky1 or grounded circuits4 ,our ,cables are moisture proof and can be embedded in the plaster walls1 while the flat cable is specially adapted for arranging along the wainscoting1 and staining to match4 ,they are permanent1 reliable1 and economical4 ,illustration ,cable ,section4 ,illustration ,cable ,section4 ,standard ,underground ,cable ,co4 ,,general ,,offices3 ,no4 #gjh ,,penn ,,avenue1 ,,pittsburgh1 ,,pa4 ,branch ,offices3 ,telephone ,building1 ,cortlandt ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,g4 ,l4 ,wiley1 ,manager4 #aci ,east ,madison ,street1 ,chicago4 ,f4 ,e4 ,dehenhardt1 ,manager4 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,the ,,waring ,,anti,,induction and ,,bunched ,,cables1 and ,,acheson ,,compound ,,cable4 ,for ,telegraph1 ,telephone1 ,electric ,light and ,power1 ,underground1 ,submarine1 and ,aerial4 ,light ,leaded ,cables 7containing one or more conductors7 for use in ,houses1 or for connecting ,residence and ,stable4 ,insulated ,line ,wire1 ,underwriters'1 ,magnet1 ,annunciator1 and ,office ,wire4 ,all ,work ,guaranteed4 ,send for ,illustrated ,circular4 ,,james ,f4 ,,wood ,,co4 ,,patentees ,,and ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,the ,,great ,,american ,,pipe ,,covering ,,for ,,hot,,air ,,pipes ,,steam ,,gas ,,and ,,water ,,pipes ,,front ,,and ,,orange ,,sts ,,wilmington1 ,,del4 ,illustration3 ,,patented ,,in ,,united ,,states ,,and ,,canada ,these coverings beyond question are the best nonconductors of heat known to the scientific world4 ,they are easily applied1 very durable1 and indestructible4 ,recommended by ,engineers and ,architects4 ,,insulation ,,of ,,heat4 ,,protection ,,against ,,frost4 ,,freedom ,,from ,,rats1 ,,mice1 ,,and ,,insects4 ,many good ,heaters have been condemned and thrown away for not giving a supply of hot air1 when the fault was in the uncovered pipes in the cellar wasting the heat1 which could have been saved with ,j4 ,f4 ,wood ,co4's ,great ,american ,pipe ,covering4 ,it sends the heat where wanted4 ,it protects the woodwork near from fire4 ,it is a great saving in fuel4 ,it prevents water and gas pipes from freezing4 ,it prevents the condensation of steam4 ,fire and water have no effect on them4 ,they do not powder down1 char1 nor crack4 ,they are cleanly in application4 ,they are neat and regular in appearance4 ,they are applied to pipes without the use of paste or cement of any kind4 ,send for ,catalogue and ,price ,list4 ,illustration3 ,solar ,iron ,clad4 ,e ,rogers4 ,phila' ,this is a ,cast ,iron ,casing1 lined with tin or galvanized iron1 to prevent direct radiation of heat in cellar2 four loose panels lift out1 so as to give access to furnace for repairs or renewal1 if necessary1 without disturbing the ,hot ,air ,pipes2 it has sliding panels for feed door and smoke pipe to allow for expansion2 it has also a dust flue and flue door for ,damper4 ,we claim this to be the most complete1 durable1 and convenient cold case made1 equal in efficiency to ,brick set1 with much less room required and less expensive1 besides the facility for access for repairs1 without requiring1 as in a brick set1 so large a space to work in4 ,it is much superior to the ordinary sheet iron casing1 both for durability and efficiency4 ,it is not necessary to remove the casing or ,hot ,air ,pipe to clean out1 or repair1 or even renew or change the heater4 ,the ,leibrandt ,mc,dowell ,stove ,co41 ,,philadelphia and ,,baltimore4 ,l4 ,,manasse1 ,,importer ,,and ,,manufacturer1 #hh ,madison ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,illustration3 ,drawing ,tools4 ,,architects' ,,and ,,surveyors' ,,supplies4 ,drawing ,tools1 ,papers1 ,tapes1 ,chains1 ,colors1 ,inks1 etc4 ,improved ,,levels for ,builders and ,tiling4 ,illustrated ,catalogues ,sent on ,application4 ,illustration3 ,established #aheg4 ,the ,,great ,,church ,,light ,,frink',s ,patent ,reflectors1 for ,gas or ,oil1 give the most powerful1 softest1 cheapest and best light known for ,churches1 ,stores1 ,show ,windows1 ,banks1 ,theatres1 ,depots1 etc4 ,new and elegant designs4 ,send size of room4 ,get circular and estimate4 ,a liberal discount to churches and the trade4 ,don't be deceived by cheap imitations4 ,i4 ,p4 ,,frink1 #eea ,pearl ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,the 8,,ideal0 ,,patent ,,tile,,lined ,,bath,,tub4 ,perfection of ,cleanliness and ,durability4 ,,sharpless ,,watts1 ,patentees1 ,,baker ,,building1 #aebd ,,chestnut ,,st41 ,,philadelphia4 ,send for ,illustrated ,circular and ,references4 ,illustration3 ,,chicago ,,anderson ,,pressed ,,brick ,,co4 #ahi #aia ,la ,salle ,st41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,front ,ornamental ,pressed ,brick4 ,illustration2 ,leveling ,instrument4 ,the latest improved1 i4e41 the boss to ,engineers1 ,architects1 ,builders1 ,contractors1 ,farmers1 and all others requiring a low price ,leveling ,instrument for grading1 measuring heights1 squaring1 or getting any desired angle4 ,descriptive circulars furnished on receipt of stamp4 ,,john ,w4 ,,harmon1 #fe ,haverhill ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,,ornamental ,,brick ,illustration3 ,ornamental ,brick4 ,brick and ,terra,cotta furnished from any design4 ,bricks for ,arches ground to suit any radius4 ,equal in ,quality and ,color to ,philadelphia ,brick4 ,illustration3 ,ornamental ,brick4 ,,james ,h4 ,,beggs ,,co41 ,wilmington1 ,del4 ,illustration3 ,h4 ,w4 ,,johns' ,,trademark ,,asbestos ,,liquid ,,paints4 ,asbestos ,roofing1 ,building ,felt1 ,steam ,packings1 ,boiler ,coverings1 ,fire ,proof ,paints1 ,cements1 ,etc4 ,samples and ,descriptive ,price ,lists ,free4 ,h4 ,w4 ,,johns ,,mf',g ,,co41 #hg ,,maiden ,,lane1 ,n4 ,y4 ,fine ,office ,bank ,fittings ,,brass ,,wire ,,work4 ,illustration2 ,desk4 ,a4 ,h4 ,,andrews ,,co4 #aie ,wabash ,ave41 ,chicago1 and #fhf ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,house4 ,,cosy ,,homes6 ,how to ,build ,them4 ,contains #if pages1 showing complete designs of #aj lowcost houses1 with valuable information for those who wish to build economically4 ,postpaid on receipt of price4 #be;c4 ,f4 ,l4 ,,smith1 ,architect1 #bb ,school ,st41 ,boston4 ,illustration3 ,,seamless ,,brass ,,copper ,,tubes1 ,,sheet ,,brass1 ,,brass ,,wire ,,fine ,,tools1 ,,taps1 ,,drills1 ,,vises ,,chucks ,,charles ,h4 ,,besly ,,co4 #age-agg ,,lake ,,st4 ,,chicago4 ,,send ,,for ,,catalogue ,mention this paper4 ,,stewart',s ,,machine,,waxed ,,sheathing4 ,absolutely ,waterproof1 ,airproof and ,decayproof4 ,,odorless ,,and ,,perfectly ,,clean ,,to ,,handle4 ,the ,cheapest and ,best in the ,market4 ,,for ,,lining ,,buildings ,,under ,,clapboards1 ,,shingles1 ,,slate ,,or ,,tin4 ,put up in rolls containing #fej square feet each1 and at the low price of #b4jj per roll 7less than onethird of a cent per square foot74 ,,samples ,,free ,,by ,,mail4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,stewart1 #gd ,cortlandt ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,send for ,samples and ,illustrated ,pamphlet of ,,stewart',s ,,patent ,,lap,,seal ,,ready ,,roofing and ,,iron,,fibre ,,paints4 ,,the ,,star ,,ventilators ,,are ,,superior ,,to ,,all ,,others4 ,the ventilating area is greater than any other that is stormproof4 ,illustration3 ,,patented ,,trade ,,mark ,,handsome1 ,,noiseless1 ,,durable1 ,,storm,,proof1 ,,simple1 ,,cheap4 ,after competitive trial1 have been adopted by the ,united ,states ,government for their light houses in this district4 ,received the only ,award of ,merit at the ,pennsylvania ,state ,fair1 #ahhf4 ,recommended by the leading ,architects1 and always adopted wherever it is put in competition with any other for curing gassy and smoking chimneys1 and ventilating ,factories1 ,light houses1 ,schools1 ,churches1 ,dye ,houses1 ,cotton and ,woolen ,mills1 ,cars1 ,residences1 ,bathrooms or ,waterclosets4 ,prices and special discounts named on application4 ,,merchant ,,co41 ,,general ,,managers1 ,philadelphia1 ,new ,york1 ,chicago1 ,london4 ,illustration3 ,,sectional ,,view ,illustration3 ,,creosote ,,wood ,,stains4 ,,for ,,shingles1 ,,fences1 ,,clapboards ,,etc4 ,,price #cj4 #ej4 #ge4 ,,per ,,gall4 ,,according ,,to ,,color4 ,,very ,,durable ,,and ,,artistic4 ,,for ,,samples ,,on ,,wood ,,circulars ,,send ,,to ,,sam',l ,,cabot ,,sole ,,manfr4 #gj ,,kilby ,,st4 ,,boston4 ,illustration3 ,woodworking ,machines4 ,,foot,,power ,,machinery4 ,,complete ,,outfits for ,,contractors and ,,builders4 ,illustration3 ,woodworking ,machines4 ,machines for ripping1 crosscutting1 scrollsawing1 mortising and tenoning1 forming edges1 grooving1 gaining1 rabbeting1 cutting dadoes1 and turning4 ,builders use our ,hand ,circular ,rip ,saw for the greater portion of their ripping in preference to carting their lumber to a mill five minute's drive from their shops4 ,the same is true in regard to scroll sawing1 mortising1 tenoning1 cutting stuff for drawers1 boxes1 etc4 ,builders using these machines can bid lower and save more money from their contracts than by any other means4 ,illustration3 ,mortiser and ,circular ,saw4 ,read the ,following ,letters from ,builders3 ,,clarence ,f4 ,,lee1 carpenter and builder1 ,morristown1 ,n4 ,j41 says3 8,i have had one of your ,hand ,circular ,rip,saws for about three months1 and am much pleased with it4 ,have done the ripping for #ae houses in that time1 which is over forty miles through inch boards4 ,have ripped as high as #c;inch plank4 ,table is also good for rabbeting2 having rabbeted all jambs and sawed all drips for #bjj windows40 ,,alex4 ,,shields1 ,lima1 ,ohio1 says3 8,a few days since we had some #aej small drawers to make for a drug store2 the steam power mill wanted #ej cents each for making them4 ,with my foot power machinery ,i made them1 and saved #be above good wages on the job4 ,if desired1 these machines will be sold ,,on ,,trial4 ,the purchaser can have ample time to test them in his own shop and on the work he wishes them to do4 ,descriptive ,catalogue and ,price ,list ,free4 ,w4 ,f4 ,,john ,,barnes ,,co41 ,no4 #efg 444 ,ruby ,st41 ,rockford1 ,ill4 ,,chas ,e ,,little1 #ei ,,fulton ,,st4 ,new ,york4 ,silver ,medal on ,tools ,awarded by ,amer4 ,inst4 #ahhf4 ,medal 8,superiority0 for ,w4 ,f4 ,j4 ,barnes' ,workshop ,,machinery4 ,new ,york ,agency4 ,factory ,prices4 ,patent ,foot ,power ,machinery6 ,illustration3 ,mortiser and ,circular ,saw4 ,the ,latest and ,most ,improved ,scroll ,saws1 ,circular ,saws1 ,lathes1 ,mortisers1 ,etc4 ,,the 8,,acme0 ,,circular ,,saw4 ,for ,foot or ,hand ,power4 ,suitable for various kinds of work1 in ,cuttingoff1 ,ripping1 ,mitring1 ,rabbeting1 and ,grooving1 and with the addition of the extra attachments1 ,scroll ,sawing1 ,boring1 etc4 ,price1 with two #g;inch ,saws1 #dj4 99 99 99 99 99 8,diamond0 ,mortising ,machine4 ,will mortise to #a inch wide1 #c inches deep1 and with the addition of the ,diamond ,adjustable ,tenoning ,tool1 cut ,tenons to in4 thick1 #c in4 wide4 ,price1 with #c chisels1 #be4 ,machines on ,trial4 ,catalogue ,free4 ,seneca ,falls ,mfg4 ,co41 #bgf ,water ,street1 ,,seneca ,,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,new ,,york ,,self ,,acting ,,shade ,,roller ,,the ,,best ,,on ,,the ,,market ,,made ,,in ,,tin ,,and ,,wood ,,every ,,roller ,,warranted ,,manufactured ,,by ,,cushman ,,bros4 ,,co41 ,,boston1 ,,mass4 ,all ,shades and ,upholstery ,goods at ,bottom ,prices4 ,,lyon ,,healy ,illustration3 ,trumpeter and ,drummer4 ,,state ,,monroe ,,sts41 ,,chicago1 will mail1 free1 their newly enlarged ,catalogue of ,band ,instruments1 ,uniforms and ,equipments4 #djj ,fine ,illustrations describing every article required by ,bands or ,drum ,corps1 including ,repairing ,materials1 ,trimmings1 etc4 ,contains ,instructions for ,amateur ,bands1 ,exercises and ,scales1 ,drum ,major's ,tactics1 ,by,laws1 and a ,selected ,list of ,band ,music4 ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,,anthony ,,co41 #eia ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,camera ,equipment4 ,manufacturers and ,importers of ,,photographic ,,instruments1 ,apparatus and ,supplies1 ,,of ,,every ,,description4 ,sole ,proprietors of the ,patent ,detective1 ,fairy1 ,novel1 and ,bicycle ,cameras1 and the ,celebrated ,stanley ,dry ,plates4 ,amateur ,outfits in great variety from #i4jj upward4 ,send for ,catalogue or call and examine4 ,more than ,forty ,years ,established in this line of business4 ,,established #ahed4 ,,devine',s ,,steam ,,boiler ,,works1 ,marine1 ,locomotive1 ,tubular1 ,house1 and ,,greenhouse ,,boilers4 ,,wrought ,,iron ,,hot ,,water ,,boilers ,a ,,specialty4 ,manufactory1 #cha to #cic ,s4 ,canal ,street1 ,chicago4 ,illustration3 ,greenhouse ,boiler4 ,the above cut is of ,greenhouse ,boiler1 meeting with universal success wherever placed4 ,estimates gladly furnished for any capacity4 ,,peter ,,devine1 #chg ,s4 ,,canal ,,st41 ,,chicago4 ,illustration3 ,automatic ,air ,valve4 ,illustration3 ,automatic ,air ,valve4 ,,automatic ,,air ,,valve4 ,for ,,steam ,,coils and ,,radiators ,direct and ,indirect4 ,most ,simple and ,reliable ,air ,valve ,made4 ,nothing to ,get ,out of ,order4 ,has ,no ,movable ,piece4 ,no ,loose ,thimbles to ,fly ,off4 ,every ,valve is ,thoroughly ,tested1 and ,warranted to ,give ,satisfaction4 ,manufactured by ,thos4 ,l4 ,mc,keen1 ,,easton1 ,,pa4 ,brick ,making ,machinery4 ,illustration3 ,brick ,making ,machine4 ,,machines ,,of #aj1jjj1 #be1jjj1 #ej1jjj ,,bricks ,,per ,,day ,,capacity4 ,,erected ,,subject ,,to ,,trial ,,and ,,approval4 ,,chambers1 ,,brother ,,co41 ,,philadelphia1 ,fiftysecond ,st41 below ,lancaster ,ave4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,hercules4 ,,trade ,,mark ,,pat ,,june #ab1 #ahhc ,section of ,copper,wire,sewed ,light ,double ,belting1 specially adapted to use on cone pulleys and other hard places4 ,manufactured by the ,,page ,,belting ,,co41 ,concord1 ,n4 ,h4 ,also manufacturers of ,staple and ,special ,grades of ,leather ,belting and the 8,,hercules0 ,lacing4 ,send for ,catalogue ,no4 #bc4 ,illustration3 ,woodworking ,machines4 ,,woodworking ,,machinery1 ,,planers ,,and ,,matchers1 ,,pony ,,planers1 ,hand ,matchers1 ,solid ,plate and ,,segment ,,re,,saws4 ,,connell ,,dengler1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 7,iron ,beam ,protection4 ,patented ,june #c1 #ahhd47 ,,henry ,,maurer ,,son1 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,fire,,proof ,,material ,of every description4 ,hollow ,brick made of ,clay for ,flat ,arches1 ,partitions1 ,furring1 etc4 ,porous ,terra ,cotta1 ,fire ,bricks1 etc41 etc4 ,office and ,depot1 #dbj ,east #bc;d ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,,works1 ,,perth ,,amboy1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illustration3 ,woodworking ,machine4 ,,woodworking ,,machinery ,,for ,chair1 ,furniture and ,cabinet ,mills1 ,pattern ,makers' use1 etc4 ,rollstone ,machine ,co4 #dh ,water ,st41 ,fitchburg1 ,mass4 ,,fine ,,taps ,,and ,,dies4 ,illustration3 ,,lightning ,lightning and ,green ,river ,screw ,plates4 ,bolt ,cutters1 hand and power4 ,drilling ,machines1 ,punching ,presses1 ,tire ,benders1 ,tire ,upsetters and other ,labor ,saving ,tools4 ,send for ,price ,list ,c4 ,wiley ,russell ,mfg4 ,co41 ,greenfield1 ,mass4 ,,bray ,,breck1 ,stained ,glass ,works1 #ce and #cg ,province ,st41 ,,boston1 ,,mass4 ,,send ,,for ,illustrated ,catalogue and ,price ,list4 ,j4 ,m4 ,,stutzman1 #aha ,william ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,illustration3 ,,steel ,,name ,,stamps ,steel ,alphabets and ,tool ,stamps4 ,stencil ,cutting1 ,dies1 ,burning ,brands1 ,door ,plates1 ,soap ,moulds1 ,seals1 c4 ,liberal discount to ,agents4 ,price for ,tool ,stamps1 #ae cents per letter up to in4 ,postage1 #aj cents additional per stamp4 ,,air ,,brush4 ,illustration3 ,air ,brush and ,franklin ,institute ,medal4 ,received ,gold ,medal ,franklin ,institute4 ,a legitimate artists' and draughtsmen's tool4 ,applies color by a jet of air4 ,greatly economizes time in mechanical1 engineering and architectural draughting4 ,send for description4 ,,air ,,brush ,,mfg4 ,,co4 #hj ,nassau ,st41 ,rockford1 ,ill4 ,,richmond ,,weather ,,strip ,,co4 ,illustration3 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,rowlett',s ,,independent ,,automatic ,,counter,,balanced ,,weather ,,strip4 ,,awarded ,,bronze ,,medal ,,at ,,cincinnati ,,industrial 7,,exposition #ahhd47 ,,has ,,no ,,springs1 ,,triggers ,,or ,,circle ,,irons2 ,,positive ,,action2 ,,cannot ,,get ,,out ,,of ,,order2 ,,fits ,,any ,,door4 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,in ,,every ,,city ,,and ,,town ,,in ,,the ,u4 ,s4 ,,send ,,for ,,circular4 ,,sample ,,strip4 ,,prepaid ,,to ,,any ,,person ,,on ,,receipt ,,of #a4jj4 ,,address ,,richmond ,,weather ,,strip ,,co4 ,,richmond1 ,,ind4 ,p4 ,o4 ,,box #bhb4 ,,factory #bag ,n4 #f,,th ,,street4 ,,mention ,,this ,,paper4 ,,mallory',s ,,standard ,,shutter ,,worker ,illustration3 ,shutter ,worker4 ,opens and closes the blinds without raising the window4 ,automatically locks the blinds in any position4 ,best and cheapest blind hinge4 ,incomparable for strength1 durability1 and power4 ,can be applied to old or new houses1 of brick1 stone1 or wood4 ,send for ,illustrated ,catalogue to ,frank ,b4 ,mallory1 ,,flemington1 ,,new ,,jersey1 or #fj ,,liberty ,,street1 ,,new ,,york4 ,illustration3 ,ornate ,glass ,panels4 ,,edwin ,,lee ,,brown1 ,pres't4 ,the ,western ,sand ,blast ,co41 ,ornamenters of ,glass for ,,vestibule ,,doors1 ,,transoms1 ,,bank ,,office ,,counters1 ----,,and---- ,manufacturers of ,advertising ,glass ,signs4 ,sand ,blast ,embossed ,railroad ,glass a specialty4 ,n4 ,w4 ,cor4 ,clinton ,jackson ,sts41 ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,telephone #djhe4 ,illustration3 ,ornate ,glass ,panels4 ,illustration3 ,,willer',s ,,patent ,,sliding ,,blind ,,william ,,willer1 ,,sole ,,mfr4 ,,send ,,for ,,catalogue ,,milwaukee ,,wis4 ,illustration3 ,ventilation ,fan4 ,clark's ,new ,drying ,exhaust and ,ventilating ,fans1 ,,patent ,,adjustable ,,wings4 ,capacity ,quickly ,increased or ,diminished4 ,self,oiling ,bearings4 ,light ,running4 ,durable4 ,,price ,,list ,,free4 ,,geo4 ,p4 ,,clark1 7,box ,a71 ,windsor ,locks1 ,ct4 ,,glass ,,phillip ,,semmer ,,company4 ,,plate1 ,,sheet ,,looking ,,glass ,depot ,no #d1 #f1 #h #aj ,,desbrosses4 ,,st4 ,,new ,,york4 ,,write ,,for ,,quotations4 ,,hayden ,,brothers1 ,hardwood ,lumber1 ,,mahogany ,,and ,,veneers1 ,illustration3 ,,lumber ,,drying ,a ,,specialty1 #bb;d and ,jefferson ,streets1 ,,chicago4 ,illustration3 ,shingle4 ,,thorn ,,shingle ,,ornament ,,co41 ,,sole ,,manufacturers ,,of ,the ,best and ,cheapest ,metallic ,roofing ,,tiles ,,and ,,shingles ,,yet ,,offered ,,to ,,the ,,building ,,trade4 ,the ,horseshoe ,spring,lock ,shingle 7,patten's ,patent7 just out4 ,this ,shingle can be put on in onehalf the time it requires with any other shingle now in the market4 ,is cheap1 durable1 secure1 thoroughly watertight and makes a good appearance as a roof covering4 ,two 7#b7 sizes4 ,,thorn',s ,,patent ,,roofing and ,,wall ,,tiles1 the most perfect and ,unique ,roof1 ,gable1 ,tower1 and ,wall covering1 yet produced in metal4 ,on the roof in appearance they are like terra cotta earthen tiles1 and are better1 and half the cost4 ,four 7#d7 designs or sizes are made4 ,all the above goods are packed a square to the box and delivered f4o4b4 cars in ,philadelphia4 ,for particulars1 price lists1 etc41 address ,,thorn ,,shingle ,,ornament ,,co4 #abth ,callowhill ,streets1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,the ,,pullman ,,sash ,,balance4 ,illustration3 ,window ,sash ,balance4 ,a ,,more ,,perfect and ,,economical ,balance than ,weights and ,cords4 ,works smoother and easier than any other device4 ,no ,boxes or ,pockets in ,frame necessary4 ,,it ,,is ,,adjustable4 ,made entirely of steel4 ,the best coil spring is used1 it being encased in a drawn steel drum1 and a metallic tape fastened on outside of drum to operate sash4 ,is very compact1 occupying space required for ordinary sash pulley4 ,this ,balance entirely overcomes the difficulty of friction occasioned by counter weights4 ,it relieves the entire heft of sash4 ,a #ge to #ajj lb4 sash works as easily as a very light one4 ,applied to old windows as readily as to new1 without altering frame or sash4 ,will last a lifetime4 ,the ,pullman ,balance is being introduced to all the leading ,architects and ,builders in the country1 and they pronounce them far superior to the old method4 ,send for ,description and ,prices4 ,a fair discount to the ,hardware trade4 ,,pullman ,,sash ,,balance ,,co41 ,,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ----,,the---- ,standard ,wood ,turning ,co4 #eh ,,bay ,,street1 ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,machine,,turned ,,balusters ,various ,sizes and ,patterns ,dovetailed ready for use1 with ,tait's ,patent ,dovetail4 ,,pedestal and ,,turned ,,newels4 ,,stair ,,rails1 ,of all dimensions1 worked1 ready to put up4 ,illustration3 ,baluster4 ,illustration3 ,baluster4 ,send #d;c4 ,stamp for our #cbpage ,catalogue1 containing #bjj ,illustrations of ,balusters1 ,pedestal ,newels1 ,brackets1 ,drops1 etc4 ,,anderson ,,dickey ,architectural ,wood ,turning ----,,and---- ,spiral ,moulding1 #dc ,bristol ,street ,,boston1 ,,mass4 ,all kinds of ,newels1 ,stair ,posts1 ,balusters1 ,rails1 ,table and ,chair ,legs1 etc4 ,wood ,mantels1 ,office ,fittings1 ,interior ,decorations1 etc4 ,rope ,moulding and ,twist ,screen ,work1 etc4 ,architects' ,designs a specialty4 ,illustration3 ,baluster4 ,illustration3 ,baluster4 ,estimates given4 ,send #b;cent stamp for illustrated catalogue4 ,no4 #aa ,,planer ,,matcher ,illustration3 ,planer4 ,double ,belted and ,geared ,lower ,rolls4 ,special ,machinery for ,car ,work and the latest improved ,woodworking ,machinery of all kinds4 ,c4 ,b4 ,,rogers ,,co4 ,norwich1 ,conn4 #aji ,liberty ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,charter',s ,,gas ,,engine4 ,the safest1 most reliable and economical ,motor in existence4 ,independent of ,gas ,works and ,machines4 ,illustration3 #b to #be ,h4 ,p4 ,so it can be used anywhere4 ,makes its ,own ,gas ,,at ,,cost ,,of ,,about #fe cents per ,m ,feet4 ,a ,saving of #be to #he per cent guaranteed over all other ,gas ,engines4 ,chicago ,agent3 ,h4 ,h4 ,,latham1 #db ,dearborn ,street4 ,new ,york ,house3 #ab ,cortlandt ,street4 ,williams ,orton ,mfg4 ,co4 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #adh4 ,,sterling1 ,,ill4 ,shimer's ,variety ,moulder1 with ,surface ,moulding ,attachment4 ,,for ,,sinking panels with pattern guided by pin that automatically takes its position when you start the ,machine1 and drops out of the way when you stop it4 ,the ,cutter in the overhanging arm of the ,machine has a perpendicular adjustment of one inch1 and is operated by the handle shown in the cut attached to an eccentric lever that is automatically locked to the one position when at work4 ,,to ,,change from ,surface ,moulder to ,variety ,moulder1 disconnect the rod that runs the incline on the ,t lever and pin it up4 ,run the housing up by means of the hand wheel until it stands above the belt line1 remove the one spindle1 substitute the other and set screw it to the housing4 ,turn the small table back under the arm4 ,raise the arm1 disconnect the shaft that runs the upper pulley1 and the ,machine becomes an ,edge ,moulder without having any of its parts unbolted and laid away4 ,you never tire of the make up of this ,machine1 which is as simple and effective as it is durable4 ,illustration3 ,woodworking ,machine4 ,reversible ,cutters for any shape of mould made to order1 and warranted to cut free and easy4 ,for ,circulars and full information1 address1 ,,samuel ,j4 ,,shimer1 ,,manufacturer of the ,,shimer ,,cutter ,,heads and ,,special ,,woodworking ,,machinery1 ,,milton1 ,,penn4 ,,the ,,mason ,,reducing ,,valve ,,gives ,,satisfaction ,,wherever ,,used ,,office #bb ,,central ,,st4 ,,boston1 ,,mass4 ,illustration3 ,reducing ,valve4 ,,carpenters' ,,machinery1 ,,hand ,,and ,,foot ,,power4 ,lathes1 ,tenoners1 ,mortisers1 ,scroll ,saws1 ,groovers1 ,formers4 ,illustration3 ,woodworker ,operating ,machine4 ,rip ,saws1 ,cross ,cut ,saws1 ,combined ,saws1 ,jig ,saws1 ,edge ,moulders1 ,dado ,heads4 ,,fred4 ,a4 ,,rich1 #be ,south ,canal ,street1 ,chicago4 ,,roofing ,,slate4 ,the ,,american ,,bangor ,,slate ,,co41 ,miners and ,manufacturers of best ,pennsylvania ,black ,roofing ,slate1 ,,bangor1 ,,penn4 ,address correspondence to ,j4 ,,edgar ,,mitchell1 ,sec'y and ,treas41 ,allentown1 ,pa4 ,,parquet ,,floors 7,,butcher',s ,,patent74 ,illustration3 ,,parquet ,,floors ,,chas4 ,,butcher4 ,co4 ,,boston ,the only ,wood ,flooring made on the correct principle1 being laid with perforated metal tongues so that ,floors of any thickness from inch up can be laid and blindnailed4 ,butcher's ,boston ,polish is the best finish for ,hardwood ,floors4 ,for sale by agents in all large cities4 ,full information on application to ,,the ,,butcher ,,flooring ,,co41 #i and #aa ,haverhill ,street1 ,,boston1 ,,mass4 8,,building0 ----,,an---- ,architectural ,weekly4 ,,published ,,every ,,saturday4 ,devoted to ,architecture1 ,engineering1 ,furniture1 ,decoration1 and ,ornament4 ,subscription1 #f a year4 ,sample subscription of three months1 #a4ej ,single ,copies1 #ae cents4 ,illustration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,,monthly ,,number4 ,a special feature of these numbers will be ,small ,country and ,city ,houses1 with plans and details4 ,subscription1 #a4ge a year4 ,sample subscription of three months1 #ej cents4 ,single ,copies1 #ae cents4 ,illustration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,,just ,,published4 ,,interior ,,decoration4 ,by ,,arnold ,w4 ,,brunner and ,,thomas ,,tryon1 ,architects4 ,one ,quarto ,vol41 ,cloth1 ,price1 #c4jj4 ,illustration3 ,room ,interior4 ,containing1 besides introductory remarks1 chapters on ,the ,hall1 ,the ,staircase1 ,the ,library1 ,the ,parlor1 ,the ,diningroom1 ,the ,study1 ,the ,bedrooms4 ,this book is fully illustrated with #ge drawings of interiors1 details1 furniture1 etc4 ,it contains suggestions for the treatment of both city and country houses1 and indicates methods for altering and improving old work4 ,it is written with a view of interesting nonprofessional readers and all who care to beautify their homes1 as well as architects and decorators4 ,illustration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,,new ,,books4 ,improved ,plumbing ,appliances4 ,by ,j4 ,,pickering ,,putnam1 ,architect4 ,this work was printed last year in serial form in 8,,building10 and has since then been carefully revised and brought out in book form1 as being worthy of more permanent form4 ,with #ia illustrations4 ,one octavo volume1 cloth1 price1 #a4ej4 ,illustration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,architectural ,studies4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,just ,,published1 ,,part #f4 #ejj to #b1ejj ,houses1 giving perspectives1 elevations and plans1 with specifications1 bills of materials and estimates of cost4 ,one ,paper ,portfolio1 #ab plates1 ,price1 #a4jj4 ,,plate4 ,,plate4 ,i4--#ejj ,house4 ,,vii4--#a1jjj ,house4 ,,ii4--#gjj ,,viii4--#a1jjj ,,iii4--#hjj ,,ix4--#a1bjj ,,iv4--#hjj ,x4--#a1ejj ,v4--#ijj ,,xi4--#b1jjj ,,vi4--#a1jjj ,,xii4--#b1ejj ,illustration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,,part #g4 ,,interior ,,woodwork ----,,for---- ,,houses ,,of ,,moderate ,,cost4 ,one paper portfolio1 #a4jj4 ,plates ,,xiii and ,,xiv4--,two ,china ,closets1 with details4 ,,xv4--,parlor ,mantel1 with details4 ,,xvi4--,book ,shelves1 with details4 ,,xvii4--,staircase ,screen1 with details4 ,,xviii4--,two ,bedroom ,mantels1 with details4 ,,xix and ,,xx4 ,entrance ,hall and ,staircase1 with details4 ,,xxi4--,bathroom1 with details4 ,,xxii4--,hall ,fireplace1 with details4 ,,xxiii4--,library ,bookcase1 with details4 ,,xxiv4--,diningroom ,mantel1 with details4 ,illustration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,,part #h4 ,,store ,,fittings4 ,,list ,,of ,,plates4--,plate #be1 ,counter and ,showcase1 with ,details2 #bf1 ,detached ,case1 with ,details2 #bg1 ,wallshelving1 with ,details2 #bh1 ,telephone ,case1 with ,details2 #bi1 ,counter for ,druggist1 with ,details2 #cj1 ,wall ,cases1 with ,details2 #ca1 ,two ,counters1 with ,details2 #cb1 ,two ,detached ,cases1 with ,details2 #cc1 ,prescription ,counter1 with ,details2 #cd1 ,perfumery ,case1 with ,details2 #ce1 ,wall ,shelving1 with ,details2 #cf1 ,cashier's ,desk1 with ,details4 ,one ,paper ,portfolio1 ,twelve ,plates4 ,price1 #a4jj4 ,a ,most ,complete ,work of ,details4 ,illustration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,modern ,architectural ,practice4 ,illustration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,no4 #a4 ,a ,large ,country ,house in ,detail4 ,by ,,bruce ,,price1 ,archt4 ,this number contains twentyfour #ab #ae plates1 and full specifications illustrated by woodcuts and diagrams4 ,one ,large ,quarto1 #ab #ae1 ,boards4 ,price1 #e4jj4 ,illustration3 ,page ,decoration4 ,,architectural ,,studies4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,one ,large ,quarto ,vol41 ,cloth1 ,price #e4 ,containing #fj large ,lithographic ,plates1 treating on the following ,subjects4 ,,part ,i4--,,low ,,cost ,,houses1 including prize designs1 with elevations1 plans1 details1 specifications1 bills of materials1 and estimates of cost4 #ab large 7#aa #ad7 plates of practical designs1 costing from #ejj to #c1jjj4 ,,part ,,ii4--,,store ,,fronts ,,and ,,interior ,,details4 #ab plates and descriptive letterpress4 ,,part ,,iii4--,,stables4 ,containing #ab plates of ,stables1 suitable for village lots1 ranging in cost from #cjj upward4 ,,part ,,iv4--,,seaside ,,and ,,southern ,,houses4 #ab plates of designs for ,cheap ,houses1 with ample verandas1 suited to a summer climate4 ,average cost1 #a1ejj4 ,,part ,v4--,,out,,buildings4 ,containing #ab plates of designs of ,small ,stables1 ,summer ,houses1 ,pavilions1 ,privies1 ,fences1 ,gates1 etc4 ,each of these parts may be obtained separately when desired4 ,paper portfolio1 #ab plates and descriptive letterpress1 #a each4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,comstock1 ,publisher1 #bc ,,warren ,,st41 ,,new ,,york4 ,,the ,,latest ,,best ,,improved ,,brick ,,machines ,,for ,,both ,,steam ,,and ,,horse ,,power4 ,illustration3 ,,steam ,,power ,,brick ,,machine ,,without ,,gearing4 ,,weight #gjjj ,,lbs4 ,,steam ,,power ,,brick ,,machine ,,ready ,,for ,,pulley4 ,,weight #gbjj ,,lbs4 ,,horse ,,power ,,brick ,,machine ,,wt4 #dejj ,,lbs4 ,,send ,,for ,,illustrated ,,catalogue ,,henry ,,martin1 ,,inventor1 ,,proprietor1 ,,and ,,manufacturer4 #aci ,,chestnut ,,st4 ,,lancaster1 ,,pa41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,a4 ,,palmer ,,co4 ,,eng4 ,manufacturers and ,dealers in ,parquet and ,inlaid ,floors1 ,wainscoting1 ,etc4 ,j4 ,,dunfee ,,co41 ,wood ,carpet and ,weather ,strips ,,of ,,all ,,kinds1 #ajb ,washington ,street1--,,chicago4 ,,send ,,for ,,catalogue4 ,factory1 #bjd to #bab ,south ,clinton ,street4 ,b4 ,g4 ,,underwood1 ,,advertising ,,agent1 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 ,,and #ca ,pemberton ,sq41 ,boston4 ,cast ,iron ,gas and ,water ,pipes #a to #dh ,,inches ,,diameter4 ,cast ,iron ,flange ,heating and ,steam ,pipes1 ,fire ,hydrants and ,stop ,valves for ,water or ,gas1 all ,sizes4 ,,all ,,pipe ,,proved ,,by ,,hydrostatic ,,pressure4 ,,gloucester ,,iron ,,works1 ,,gloucester ,,city1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,samuel ,r4 ,,shipley1 ,prest4 ,,henry ,b4 ,,chew1 ,treas4 ,,james ,p4 ,,michellon1 ,secy4 ,,william ,,sexton1 ,supt4 ,,office1 #f ,north ,seventh ,street1 ,philadelphia4 ,,ventilator4 ,patented ,may #dth1 #ahhf4 ,illustration3 ,for ,bulk ,windows4 ,adapted for ,dwellings1 ,stores1 ,hospitals1 ,school ,rooms1 ,offices1 ,public ,institutions1 c41 allowing ventilation without draught4 ,simple and readily adjustable4 ,manufactured and sold1 ,wholesale and ,retail1 also ,patent ,right for sale for ,states1 ,united ,states or ,canada1 address ,t4 ,t4 ,,cohen1 #baa ,so4 #acth ,st41 ,phila41 ,pa4 ,illustration3 ,,established #ahfh ,,by ,,george ,,hayes ,,the ,,hayes ,,skylights ,,perforated ,,metallic1 ,,insect ,,storm ,,proof ,,blinds ,,send ,,for ,,catalogue #ga-h,,th ,,ave4 ,,new ,,york4 ,,combination ,,square4 ,illustration3 ,combination ,square4 ,this tool1 with its sliding blade and stock having right angle and mitre faces1 level and scriber1 is more than a substitute for a whole set of the common kind4 ,it can be used in many places and for purposes that a stationary blade cannot4 ,send for price4 ,l4 ,s4 ,,starrett1 ,manufacturer of ,fine ,tools1 ,,athol1 ,,mass4 ,,draftsmans' ,,adjustable ,,curve ,,ruler4 ,highly ,commended4 ,makes any ,curve4 ,illustration3 ,curve ,rule4 ,for sale everywhere1 #ad inch1 #a4ej2 #cj inch1 #b4hg4 ,,circular ,,gratis4 ,,frank ,w4 ,,davenport1 ,patentee and ,manufacturer1 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,new ,york ,city4 ,room #bag ,stewart ,building4 ,c4 ,,powell ,,karr1 ,c4,e4 ,,consulting ,,architect4 ,plans and ,specifications prepared for ,heating1 ,lighting1 ,ventilation and ,sanitation of ,buildings4 ,,special ,,attention ,,devoted ,,to ,,the ,,inspection ,,and ,,improvement ,,of ,,the ,,acoustic ,,properties ,,of ,,theaters1 ,,music ,,halls1 ,,and ,,public ,,buildings4 ,,allen ,b4 ,,rorke1 ,contractor and ,builder1 #dbc ,,walnut ,,street1 ,,philadelphia4 ,,morse ,,elevator ,,works4 ,morse1 ,williams ,co4 ,successors to ,,clem ,,morse1 ,,builders ,,of ,,all ,,kinds ,,of ,passenger and ,freight ,,elevators ,send for ,circulars4 ,,office3 #daa ,,cherry ,,street4 ,works3 ,frankford ,avenue1 ,wildey and ,shackamaxon ,streets ,,philadelphia4 ,,new ,,york ,,office3 #ajh ,liberty ,street4 ,illustration3 ,elevator4 ,,passenger ,,elevators1 ,,manufactured ,,by ,,howard ,,iron ,,works1 ,,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,the ,elevators in the ,state ,capitol1 ,albany1 ,new ,york1 were built by us1 and many others in some of the finest buildings in the country4 ,,graves' ,,elevators1 ,,passenger and ,,freight1 ,,manufactured ,,by ,l4 ,s41 ,,graves ,,son1 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,branch ,,office3 #df ,cortlandt ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,john ,,wheeler1 ,,carpenter and ,,builder ----,,of---- ,,ornamental ,,rustic ,,work ,illustration3 ,,ornamental ,,rustic ,medals from ,american ,institute1 ,and other ,associations4 ,p4 ,o4 ,box #adj4 ,cleveland ,st41 ,orange1 ,n4 ,j4 ,illustration3 ,,lepage',s ,,the ,,only ,,genuine ,,liquid ,,glue ,,unequalled for ,,cementing wood1 glass1 china1 paper1 leather1 c4 ,always ready for use4 ,pronounced strongest glue known4 ,,is ,,made ,,by ,,the ,russia ,cement ,co41 ,,awarded ,,two ,,gold ,,medals4 ,gloucester1 ,mass4 ,sample #bj;c stamps ,,first ,,class ,,heating ,,apparatus1 ,j4 ,,reynolds ,,son1 ,thirteenth and ,filbert ,streets1 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,illustration3 ,furnace4 ,manufacturers of ,steel ,air ,tight ,furnaces1 ,,keystone ,steel ,furnaces4 ,,brick ,,set ,,and ,,portable4 ,for ,anthracite and ,bituminous ,coal or ,wood4 ,our heaters are strictly firstclass1 made of the best material and workmanship1 and are supplied with the ,reynolds' ,shaking ,grate1 the best labor and fuel saving appliances4 ,they are absolutely ,gas1 ,dust and ,smoke ,tight4 ,cooking ,ranges1 ,low and ,half ,low ,grates1 in great variety of styles and sizes4 ,descriptive circulars sent free to any address4 ,the trade supplied4 ,illustration3 ,,keystone ,,flooring ,,machine4 ,,the foremost floorer in the market4 ,there are perhaps without a single exception more 8,keystone0 ,flooring ,machines in use than any other make in the market4 ,valuable references and testimonials and full information cheerfully given4 ,,goodell ,,waters1 #cjca ,chestnut ,st41 ,philadelphia4 ,illustration3 ,notes and ,queries4 ,,hints ,,to ,,correspondents4 ,names and ,address must accompany all letters1 or no attention will be paid thereto4 ,this is for our information1 and not for publication4 ,references to former articles or answers should give date of paper and page or number of question4 ,inquiries not answered in reasonable time should be repeated2 correspondents will bear in mind that some answers require not a little research1 and1 though we endeavor to reply to all1 either by letter or in this department1 each must take his turn4 ,special ,written ,information on matters of personal rather than general interest cannot be expected without remuneration4 ,scientific ,american ,supplements referred to may be had at the office4 ,price #aj cents each4 ,books referred to promptly supplied on receipt of price4 ,minerals sent for examination should be distinctly marked or labeled4 7#a7 ,g4 ,w4 ,b4 asks3 #a4 ,what kind of cement used1 and how to cement gum face on band saws8 ,a4 ,ordinary rubber cement1 such as you can purchase at any of the rubber stores1 will answer your purpose4 #b4 ,is there anything to be put in glue to prevent moisture from disturbing the joints in patterns8 ,a4 ,a little bichromate of potash put into your glue will render it insoluble1 after exposure to light4 #c4 ,is there anything to prevent shellac used for patterns from getting dark before using after it is mixed some time8 ,a4 ,we know of no way to prevent this4 7#b7 ,w4 ,s4 ,c4--,in closed circuits for steam heating1 the pressure of the steam along the flow pipes and in coils in well arranged systems is so nearly equalized with the pressure in the boiler1 that it requires but small elevation of the water of condensation in the return pipe above the water level in the boiler to allow of its return by gravity4 ,in this system all of the radiators should be not less than from #a to #e feet above the water level in the boiler1 according to the complication and extent of the circuit4 ,the air is discharged at the radiators1 and no waste of water is necessary4 7#c7 ,e4 ,h4 ,s4--,coal tar alone with gravel and sand for sidewalks does not dry well4 ,asphaltum with equal parts of coal tar melted together and sprinkled upon the mixed sand and gravel that has been made hot upon an iron plate 7the mixing to be done in a large pan of iron71 putting no more asphalt and tar upon the sand and gravel than will just make it stick together2 then dump into place while hot1 spread quickly1 and beat level with a ram or heavy roller4 ,dust over the surface with fine sand before rolling or beating1 to prevent the material from sticking to the roller or beater4 ,this operation requires a little care and experience as to just the amount of asphalt and tar for a given measure of sand and gravel1 and also for the proportions of sand and gravel required to make the best pavement4 ,sometimes a thin bed of broken stone is laid as a foundation4 ,also a thin bed of coarse gravel is sometimes spread before dumping the hot mixture4 7#d7 ,j4 ,c4--,a first class ice boat1 sailing on first class ice1 will sail from three to four times faster than the wind that drives the boat4 ,for example1 a wind having a velocity of fifteen miles an hour will drive the boat at the rate of from forty to sixty miles an hour4 7#e7 ,t4 ,h4 ,g4 writes3 ,i have a mahogany table which has been varnished and has ink spots on it4 #a4 ,by what means can ,i get the varnish and ink off1 in order to rub on an oil finish8 ,a4 ,the ink spots can be washed off with water and the varnish with alcohol4 #b4 ,what is best to polish carved brass8 ,a4 ,polish with rotten stone and oil1 alcohol1 or spirits of turpentine4 #c4 ,what will remove water stains from polished marble8 ,a4 ,mix quicklime with strong lye1 7,continued on page x47 ,building ,plans and ,specifications4 ,in connection with the publication of the ,,building ,,edition ,,of ,,the ,,scientific ,,american1 ,messrs4 ,munn ,co4 furnish ,plans and ,specifications for ,buildings of every kind1 including ,public ,buildings1 ,churches1 ,schools1 ,stores1 ,dwellings1 ,carriage ,houses1 ,barns1 etc4 ,in this work they are assisted by able and experienced architects4 ,those who contemplate building1 or who wish to alter1 improve1 extend1 or add to existing buildings1 whether wings1 porches1 bay windows1 or attic rooms1 are invited to communicate with the undersigned4 ,our work extends to all parts of the country4 ,estimates1 plans1 and drawings promptly prepared4 ,terms moderate4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,business and ,personal4 ,any person having a new invention may1 without charge1 consult ,,munn ,,co41 ,scientific ,american ,office1 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york1 for advice how to obtain a ,patent or ,caveat4 ,our ,hand ,book of ,instructions relating to ,patents sent free4 ,practical ,working ,drawings of machinery made by ,a4 ,k4 ,mansfield ,co41 #bhj ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,lifelong mechanics4 ,one formerly ,r4 ,r4 supt4 ,m4 ,p4 ,important references4 ,work guaranteed4 ,correspondence invited4 ,for ,sale--#bb unbound volumes ,,scientific ,,american1 of old dates4 ,also a lot of odd numbers1 in good order4 ,for a descriptive list address ,i4 ,r4 ,hudson1 #bab ,east #adth ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,all kinds wood engraving4 ,perfect2 lowest rate2 sell engr4 tools1 mate'l1 machs4 ,n4 ,h4 ,taylor1 ,wyandotte1 ,kan4 ,portable grinding mills4 ,chas4 ,kaestner ,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,engines and boilers4 ,chas4 ,kaestner ,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,for ,sale--,the following braiding machines3 #b nine carriers1 #a twelve carriers1 #b thirteen carriers1 #a sixteen carriers1 #a twenty carriers1 #a twentyone carriers4 ,also three looms1 #bd and #cj shuttles4 ,all the above will be sold cheap4 ,raymold ,whitlock1 #ii ,fourth ,ave41 ,n4 ,y4 ,wanted--,new invention or novelty for the ,english market by a firstclass ,london house1 having a large connection among shippers1 warehousemen1 drapers1 etc4 ,address 8,everclean10 #ajj ,wood ,st41 ,london1 ,england4 ,lacquers4--,zapon1 ,brilliantine1 ,brassoline1 ,opaline1 and other lacquers and special varnishes4 ,brilliant1 hard1 durable4 ,send for catalogue4 ,the ,fred'k ,crane ,chemical ,co41 ,short ,hills1 ,n4 ,j4 ,n4 ,y4 agent1 ,horace ,van ,sands1 #gcc ,broadway4 ,for the best and cheapest #d ,horse ,engine1 address ,peter ,walrath1 ,chittenango1 ,n4 ,y4 ,perforated metals of all kinds for all purposes4 ,the ,robert ,aitchison ,perforated ,metal ,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,for the latest improved diamond prospecting drills1 address the ,m4 ,c4 ,bullock ,mfg4 ,co41 #ach ,jackson ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,the ,railroad ,gazette1 handsomely illustrated1 published weekly1 at #gc ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,specimen copies free4 ,send for catalogue of railroad books4 ,the ,knowles ,steam ,pump ,works1 #aac ,federal ,st41 ,boston1 and #ic ,liberty ,st41 ,new ,york1 have just issued a new catalogue1 in which are many new and improved forms of ,pumping ,machinery of the single and duplex1 steam and power type4 ,this catalogue will be mailed free of charge on application4 ,link ,belting and ,wheels4 ,link ,belt ,m4 ,co41 ,chicago4 ,presses ,dies4 ,ferracute ,mach4 ,co41 ,bridgeton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,nickel ,plating4--,sole manufacturers cast nickel anodes1 pure nickel salts1 polishing compositions1 etc4 #ajj 8,little ,wonder40 ,a perfect ,electro ,plating ,machine4 ,sole manufacturers of the new ,dip ,lacquer ,kristaline4 ,complete outfit for plating1 etc4 ,hanson1 ,van ,winkle ,co41 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j41 and #ib and #id ,liberty ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,iron ,planer1 ,lathe1 ,drill1 and other machine tools of modern design4 ,new ,haven ,mfg4 ,co41 ,new ,haven1 ,conn4 ,supplement ,catalogue4--,persons in pursuit of information of any special engineering1 mechanical1 or scientific subject1 can have catalogue of contents of the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement sent to them free4 ,the ,,supplement contains lengthy articles embracing the whole range of engineering1 mechanics1 and physical science4 ,address ,munn ,co41 ,publishers1 ,new ,york4 ,the ,holly ,manufacturing ,co41 of ,lockport1 ,n4 ,y41 will send their pamphlet1 describing water works machinery1 and containing reports of tests1 on application4 ,curtis ,pressure ,regulator and ,steam ,trap4 ,see p4 #cja4 ,planing and ,matching ,machines4 ,all kinds ,wood ,working ,machinery4 ,c4 ,b4 ,rogers ,co41 ,norwich1 ,conn4 ,for best leather belting and lace leather1 including ,hercules1 see ,page ,belting ,co4's adv41 p4 #cah4 ,iron1 ,steel1 and ,copper ,drop ,forgings of every description4 ,billings ,spencer ,co41 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,paint mills4 ,chas4 ,kaestner ,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,pat4 ,geared ,scroll ,chucks1 with #c pinions1 sold at same prices as common chucks by ,cushman ,chuck ,co41 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,steam ,hammers1 ,improved ,hydraulic ,jacks1 and ,tube ,expanders4 ,r4 ,dudgeon1 #bd ,columbia ,st41 ,new ,york4 #fj1jjj ,emerson's #ahhg ,book of superior saws1 with ,supplement1 sent free to all ,sawyers and ,lumbermen4 ,address ,emerson1 ,smith ,co41 ,limited1 ,beaver ,falls1 ,pa41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,safety ,elevators1 steam and belt power2 quick and smooth4 ,d4 ,frisbie ,co41 #aab ,liberty ,st41 ,new ,york4 8,how to ,keep ,boilers ,clean40 ,send your address for free #hh page book4 ,jas4 ,c4 ,hotchkiss1 #abj ,liberty ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,pays well on ,small ,investment4--,stereopticons1 ,magic ,lanterns1 and ,views illustrating every subject for public exhibitions4 ,lanterns for colleges1 ,sunday schools1 and home amusements4 #aeb page illustrated catalogue free4 ,mc,allister1 ,manufacturing ,optician1 #di ,nassau ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,ax handle and spoke lathes4 ,railway cutting off saw machines4 ,rollstone ,machine ,co41 ,fitchburg1 ,mass4 ,best belt hooks are ,talcott's4 ,providence1 ,r4 ,i4 ,illustration3 ,,prospectus ,,of ,,the ,scientific ,american ,,for #ahhh4 ,the ,most ,popular ,scientific ,paper in the ,world4 ,only #c4jj a ,year1 including ,postage4 ,weekly4 #eb ,numbers a ,year4 ,this widely circulated and splendidly illustrated paper is published weekly4 ,every number contains sixteen pages of useful information and a large number of original engravings of new inventions and discoveries1 representing ,engineering ,works1 ,steam ,machinery1 ,new ,inventions1 ,novelties in ,mechanics1 ,manufactures1 ,chemistry1 ,electricity1 ,telegraphy1 ,photography1 ,architecture1 ,agriculture1 ,horticulture1 ,natural ,history1 etc4 ,all ,classes of ,readers find in the ,,scientific ,,american a popular resume of the best scientific information of the day2 and it is the aim of the publishers to present it in an attractive form1 avoiding as much as possible abstruse terms4 ,to every intelligent mind1 this journal affords a constant supply of instructive reading4 ,it is promotive of knowledge and progress in every community where it circulates4 ,terms of ,subscription4--,one copy of the ,,scientific ,,american will be sent for one year--#eb numbers--postage prepaid1 to any subscriber in the ,united ,states or ,canada1 on receipt1 of three dollars by the publishers2 six months1 #a4ej2 three months1 #a4jj4 ,clubs4--,one extra copy of the ,,scientific ,,american will be supplied gratis for every club of five subscribers at #c4jj each2 additional copies at same proportionate rate4 ,the safest way to remit is by ,postal ,order1 ,draft1 or ,express ,money ,order4 ,money carefully placed inside of envelopes1 securely sealed1 and correctly addressed1 seldom goes astray1 but is at the sender's risk4 ,address all letters and make all orders1 drafts1 etc41 payable to ,,munn ,,co41 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,,the ,scientific ,american ,supplement4 ,this is a separate and distinct publication from ,the ,scientific ,american1 but is uniform therewith in size1 every number containing sixteen large pages4 ,,the ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement is published weekly1 and includes a very wide range of contents4 ,it presents the most recent papers by eminent writers in all the principal departments of ,science and the ,useful ,arts1 embracing ,biology1 ,geology1 ,mineralogy1 ,natural ,history1 ,geography1 ,archology1 ,astronomy1 ,chemistry1 ,electricity1 ,light1 ,heat1 ,mechanical ,engineering1 ,steam and ,railway ,engineering1 ,mining1 ,ship ,building1 ,marine ,engineering1 ,photography1 ,technology1 ,manufacturing ,industries1 ,sanitary ,engineering1 ,agriculture1 ,horticulture1 ,domestic ,economy1 ,biography1 ,medicine1 etc4 ,a vast amount of fresh and valuable information pertaining to these and allied subjects is given1 the whole profusely illustrated with engravings4 ,the most important ,engineering ,works1 ,mechanisms1 and ,manufactures at home and abroad are represented and described in the ,,supplement4 ,price for the ,,supplement for the ,united ,states and ,canada1 #e4jj a year1 or one copy of the ,,scientific ,,american and one copy of the ,,supplement1 both mailed for one year for #g4jj4 ,address and remit by postal order1 express money order1 or check1 ,,munn ,co41 #cfa ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y41 ,publishers ,,scientific ,,american4 ,to ,foreign ,subscribers4--,under the facilities of the ,postal ,union1 the ,,scientific ,,american is now sent by post direct from ,new ,york1 with regularity1 to subscribers in ,great ,britain1 ,india1 ,australia1 and all other ,british colonies2 to ,france1 ,austria1 ,belgium1 ,germany1 ,russia1 and all other ,european ,states2 ,japan1 ,brazil1 and all ,states of ,central and ,south ,america4 ,terms1 when sent to foreign countries1 ,canada and ,mexico1 excepted4 #d1 gold1 for ,,scientific ,,american1 one year2 #i1 gold for both ,,scientific ,,american and ,,supplement for one year4 ,this includes postage1 which we pay4 ,remit by postal or express money order1 or draft to order of ,,munn ,,co41 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,,the ,,tiffany ,,glass ,,company ,,memorial ,,windows ,,glass ,,work ,,decorations ,designs and ,estimates submitted4 ,,louis ,c4 ,,tiffany1 ,pres4 ,,pringle ,,mitchell1 ,m'ger4 ,,john ,,du ,,fais1 ,sec4 ,,john ,c4 ,,platt1 ,treas4 #ccc-cce ,fourth ,ave41 ,new ,york ,city4 #eji ,pullman ,building1 ,chicago4 ,illustration3 ,building with ,towers4 ,the ,old ,bangor ,slate ,company ,f4 ,c4 ,,yarnall1 ,president1 ,,philadelphia4 ,i4 ,s4 ,,moyer1 ,sec4 ,treas41 ,,bethlehem1 ,,pa4 ,this ,company is the original operator in the ,bangor ,valley1 and continues to manufacture the ,blue ,roofing ,slates which have become so celebrated for fineness of texture and uniformity of color4 ,we also beg to call the special attention of ,architects and ,builders to the fact that we have perfected a system by which we can furnish ,slates with ,sawed ,edges of suitable size and curve for ,towers or ,domes of any size or shape4 ,working ,drawings should be furnished1 in which case we can guarantee a perfect job4 ,address ,correspondence to ,the ,old ,bangor ,slate ,company1 ,at ,office1 ,,bethlehem1 ,,pa4 ,,invaluable ,,books ,,for ,,the ,,mechanic1 ,,engineer1 ,,and ,,chemist4 ,,revised ,,to ,,date4 ,nystrom's ,pocket,book of ,mechanics and ,engineering4 ,nineteenth ,edition1 ,revised and ,greatly ,enlarged with ,original ,matter4 ,by ,wm4 ,dennis ,marks1 ,ph4,b41 ,c4,e4 7,yale ,s4,s4,s47 ,illustrated4 #afmo4 #c4ej4 8,a library in itself1 giving a little of everything that the engineer and mechanic will need to know to aid them in everyday practice40--,industrial ,world1 ,chicago4 ,marks on the ,steam ,engine4 ,third ,edition1 ,revised4 ,enlarged1 and ,interleaved4 ,the ,relative ,proportions of the ,steam ,engine4 ,by ,wm4 ,d4 ,marks4 ,with numerous ,illustrations4 #abmo4 ,extra ,cloth4 #c4jj4 8,a work of inestimable value to every mechanic1 containing as it does1 rules1 tables1 and directions in regard to the steam engine which come into use in everyday practical life of the engineer40--,san ,francisco ,wood and ,iron4 ,elements of ,modern ,chemistry4 7,,wurtz47 ,new ,edition1 ,thoroughly ,revised4 ,translated by ,w4 ,h4 ,greene4 #abmo4 ,cloth4 #b4ej4 ,sheep4 #c4jj4 8,a valuable work as a classbook1 and a most interesting and instructive volume for the general reader40--,new ,york ,school ,journal4 ,if not obtainable at your ,booksellers'1 send direct to the ,publishers1 who will forward the books1 ,,free ,,of ,,postage1 promptly on receipt of the price4 ,j4 ,b4 ,,lippincott ,,company ,,publishers1 #gae and #gag ,market ,st41 ,philadelphia4 ,red,letter ,days ,abroad4 ,by ,john ,l4 ,stoddard1 author of 8,the ,stoddard ,lectures10 etc4 #hvo4 ,with illustrations4 ,in box1 #e2 in morocco1 #aj4 ,new ,library edition1 #c4ej1 in half calf1 #g4 ,laurence ,hutton's ,literary ,landmarks of ,london4 #abmo4 #a4ej4 ,j4 ,r4 ,g4 ,hassard's ,a ,pickwickian ,pilgrimage4 #a4 ,william ,winter's ,shakespeare's ,england4 #ej cents4 ,william ,winter's ,english ,rambles4 #abmo4 #a4ej4 ,william ,winter's ,the ,trip to ,england4 ,ill'd4 #b4 ,robert ,laird ,collier's ,english ,home ,life4 #a4 ,mrs4 ,lew ,wallace's ,the ,storied ,sea4 #afmo4 #a4 ,henry ,james's ,portraits of ,places4 #a4ej4 ,henry ,james's ,a ,little ,tour in ,france4 #a4ej4 ,hubbard's ,woods and ,lakes of ,maine4 #c4 ,jane ,g4 ,austin's ,nantucket ,scraps4 #a4ej4 ,miss ,e4 ,b4 ,chase's ,over the ,border4 ,ill'd4 #a4ej4 ,clarence ,king's ,mountaineering in the ,sierra ,nevada4 ,with maps4 #abmo4 #b4 ,l4 ,h4 ,weeks's ,among the ,azores4 ,ill'd4 #a4ej4 ,waring's ,the ,bride of the ,rhine4 ,ill'd4 #a4ej4 ,mrs4 ,dahlgren's ,south,sea ,sketches4 #a4ej4 ,d4 ,j4 ,snider's ,walk in ,hellas 7,modern ,greece74 #b4ej4 ,geraldine4 ,a sumptuous illustrated edition4 ,scott's ,poems4 ,new holiday edition4 #cej illustrations4 ,swanee ,river4 ,a beautiful illustrated book4 ,my ,old ,kentucky ,home4 ,richly illustrated4 ,juan and ,juanita4 ,by ,frances ,c4 ,baylor4 ,fools of ,nature4 ,an ,anti,spiritualist novel4 ,under ,pine and ,palm4 ,by ,frances ,l4 ,mace4 ,sobriquets and ,nicknames4 ,a reference book4 ,a ,flock of ,girls4 ,by ,nora ,perry4 ,the ,new ,astronomy4 ,by ,prof4 ,s4 ,p4 ,langley4 ,carlyle,emerson ,correspondence4 ,hawthorne and ,his ,wife4 ,new editions4 ,each in two volumes4 ,with illustrations4 ,per set1 #c4jj2 in half calf1 #f4jj4 ,japanese ,homes4 ,by ,prof4 ,e4 ,s4 ,morse4 ,chosn3 ,the ,land of the ,morning ,calm 7,korea74 ,by ,percival ,lowell4 ,new editions4 ,each in one volume4 #abmo4 ,illustrated4 ,per volume1 #c4jj2 in half calf1 #f4jj4 ,,the ,,ticknor ,,series ,,of ,,octavo ,,poets4 ,,library ,,edition4 ,the ,lady of the ,lake4 ,the ,lay of the ,last ,minstrel4 ,marmion4 ,the ,princess4 ,childe ,harold4 ,lucile4 ,six volumes1 elegantly and uniformly bound1 with all the original illustrations1 beveled boards1 and full gilt4 ,in cloth4 ,each1 #c4ej4 ,in tree calf or antique morocco1 #g4ej4 ,these are the most famous and popular editions in existence of great poems4 ,in their original shape they have had enormous sales1 and in their cheaper form1 with all their original illustrations1 complete and unworn1 they will have renewed popularity4 ,also uniform with the above in style and price1 cheaper editions of the beautifully illustrated ,tuscan ,cities4 ,by ,w4 ,d4 ,howells4 ,red,letter ,days ,abroad4 ,by ,j4 ,l4 ,stoddard4 ,for sale by all booksellers4 ,sent1 postpaid1 on receipt of the price by the publishers1 ,,ticknor ,,co41 ,,boston4 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,rayner4 ,,importer ,,and ,,manufacturer ,,mahogany ,,cabinet ,woods and ,veneers4 ,,foot4 ,,east ,,houston ,s ,,new ,,york4 #bge-bhi ,,east #bj ,,st ,,chicago1 ,,ill4 ,,hot,,water ,,heating1 ,illustration3 ,water ,heater4 ,illustration3 ,water ,heater4 ,for ,greenhouses and ,dwellings ,,hitchings ,,co41 #bcc ,mercer ,street1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,send #c ,,cents ,,postage ,,for ,,illustrated ,,catalogue4 ,,violin ,,outfits4 ,consisting of ,violin ,box1 ,bow1 and ,teacher1 sent to any part of the ,united ,states on #a to #c days' trial before buying4 ,illustration3 ,violin4 ,violin ,outfits4 at #d1 #h1 #ae and #be each4 ,send ,stamp for ,beautiful ,illustrated #ifpage ,catalogue of ,violins1 ,guitars1 ,banjos1 ,cornets1 ,flutes1 ,strings1 etc4 ,lowest prices4 ,mail orders a specialty4 ,c4 ,w4 ,,story1 #bf ,central ,street1 ,boston1 ,mass4 ,illustration3 ,,price #aic4 ,,we ,,sell ,,direct ,,to ,,families-- 7avoid ,agents and ,dealers whose profits and expenses double the cost on every ,piano they sell7 and send this ,first,class ,,upright ,cabinet ,,gem #g ,octave ,rosewood ,piano1 ,warranted #f years1 for #aic6 ,we send it--with ,beautiful ,cover and ,stool--for ,trial in your own ,home before you buy4 ,send for circulars to ,marchal ,smith1 #bce ,east #bast ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,ice ,,refrigerating ,machines4 ,york ,patent4 ,,york ,,mfg4 ,,co41 ,york1 ,pa4 ,illustration3 ,trade ,mark4 ,warren's ,natural ,asphalt ,roofing4 ,,finally ,,perfected ,,and ,,tested ,,by ,,ten ,,years ,,of ,,practical ,,use4 ,over #ae1jjj1jjj square feet1 or #cej acres1 of this roofing have been laid within the past ten years4 ,superior to all other for flat roofs4 ,much more durable than coal tar materials1 because it remains practically unchanged when exposed to the weather4 ,an ,asphalt roof emits no odor1 and does not injure rain water4 ,references to many of the best buildings throughout the country given on application4 8,composite0 ,felt ,,for ,,roof ,,foundations4 ,a twoply composed of one layer of saturated felt and one of ,manila rope paper4 ,combines durability and strength with lightness and pliability4 ,send for ,circulars and ,samples4 ,warren ,chemical and ,manufacturing ,co41 #aad ,,john ,,st41 ,n4 ,y4 #aja ,,milk ,,st41 ,,boston4 ,,beatty ,,organs ,for #cg4ej worth #ge #djj4jj ,organs only #hj4jj #abjj4jj ,pianos for #bej4jj ,other ,,bargains1 write for catalogue4 ,address1 ,,daniel ,f4 ,,beatty1 ,washington1 ,new ,jersey ,illustration3 ,a ,,pointer6 ,we can offer to your advantage ,,glue4 ,,orange ,,shellac1 ,,white ,,gum ,,gum ,,shellac ,,varnish4 ,,shellac ,,wood ,,alcohol1 ,,wood ,,stain4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,thurston ,,co4 ,,importers1 ,,chicago4 ,f4 ,w4 ,,devoe ,,co4 7,established #aheb7 ,,pure ,,mixed ,,paints ,we desire to call attention of consumers to the fact that we guarantee our ready mixed paints to be made only of pure linseed oil and the most permanent pigments4 ,they are not 8,chemical10 8,rubber10 8,patent10 or 8,fireproof40 ,we use no secret or patent method in manufacturing them by which benzine and water are made to serve the purpose of pure linseed oil4 ,sample cards1 containing #ej desirable shades1 sent on application4 ,,fine ,,varnishes1 ,,wood ,,fillers1 ,,wood ,,stains4 ,,artists' ,,materials1 ,,mathematical ,,instruments4 ,catalogues of our different departments to responsible parties4 ,cor4 ,fulton and ,william ,sts41 ,,new ,,york4 ,coffin1 ,devoe ,co41 #agf ,randolph ,st41 ,,chicago4 ----,,the---- 8,timby ,burglar ,proof ,sash,lock ,ventilator40 ,,patented ,,march #bith1 #ahhg4 ,,meets ,a ,,long ,,felt ,,want4 ,it is manufactured from the best ,,malleable ,,iron and ,,bronze ,,metal4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,section of ,frame with ,lock applied4 ,thumb piece moved upward releasing upper sash4 ,is very simple in construction1 strong and durable1 absolutely ,burglar ,proof1 and a perfect ventilator2 ,automatic in action1 easily applied to any window1 as it adjusts itself to varying thicknesses of ,sash1 or inside stops4 ,only ,one ,lock is ,required for ,a ,,window4 ,as it controls both ,sash perfectly1 bolting either or both securely in any position desired1 thereby affording means for perfect ventilation1 and at the same time absolute security against ,burglars and ,sneak ,thieves4 ,illustration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,back view of ,lock and operating device4 ,thumb piece moved upward and bolt thrown back1 same as in ,fig4 #a4 ,it is easily operated1 ornamental in appearance1 and does not interfere with applying weather strips or inside blinds1 and is the only ,side ,sash ,mortise ,lock that can be used in connection with inside screens1 it having been constructed with special reference to the same4 ,as a rule1 ,burglars and ,sneak ,thieves have little difficulty in entering dwellings through windows because of their insecure fastenings4 ,hence it is just as important that each and every window should be provided with a good substantial lock as that the front door should be4 ,buy the ,timby ,burglar ,proof1 and take no other4 ,the ,convenience and ,absolute ,security afforded will be ample reward4 ,full ,directions and ,pattern for setting accompany each ,lock ,sold4 ,for further information apply to ,i4 ,g4 ,,jenkins1 ,oswego1 ,n4 ,y4 ,e4 ,j4 ,,johnson1 ,,roofing ,,slate ,,marbleized ,,slate ,,mantels1 ,,slate ,,hearths1 ,,sills1 ,,lintels1 ,,etc4 ,,slate ,,nails1 ,,roofing ,,felt1 ,,slaters' ,,cement1 ,,etc4 ,,estimates ,,furnished ,,on ,,all ,,slate ,,work4 ,,quarry1 ,,bangor1 ,,pa4 ,,office1 #ah ,,burlington ,,slip1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,adamant ,,wall ,,plaster4 ,,manufactured ,,by ,adamant ,manufacturing ,company4 ,,office #cb ,,east ,,genesee ,,street1 ,,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,the ,new1 ,cheap1 and ,only ,superior ,substitute for ,common ,plaster4 ,it is hard as marble1 and will last as long as the building4 ,it does away with the warping and shrinking of doors and casings1 it not being necessary1 as with common plaster1 to saturate the building with water4 ,it costs but little more than lime plaster1 and its superior qualities make it immeasurably cheaper4 ,it saves waiting several weeks or months for the building to dry out4 ,a room finished one day can be occupied the next4 ,it does not crack or fall off1 even in case of leakages4 ,it is applied easily by any good mason4 ,it is the only material with which repairing can be done neatly and 8to stay40 ,for ,prices and ,estimates1 or ,further ,information1 ,apply to or ,address the ,company4 ,,important ,to ,architects1 ,builders1 ,house,painters1 ,decorators1 ,boat,builders and ,yachtsmen desiring an extremely durable ,finish for ,wood4 ,illustration3 ,,rosenberg',s ,,elastica ,,trade ,,mark ,,registered ,,finishes ,,no4 #a ,,no4 #b4 ,are superior to any ,varnishes or ,wood,finishes in the market1 for the following reasons1 viz43 ,they possess more body1 higher luster1 greater resisting properties to atmospheric influences1 action of water and alkali1 are more elastic1 will not scratch or mar white1 and are more durable4 ,for all classes ,inside ,work1 ,requiring great durability1 use ,no4 #b ,,elastica ,,finish4 ,for ,outside ,work1 ,requiring extreme durability1 use ,no4 #a ,,elastica ,,finish4 ,,works3 #gcd-gdj ,east #adth ,street1 #gcc-gci ,east #acth ,street1 #aii-bjg ,avenue ,d4 ,manufactured by ,,standard ,,varnish ,,works1 ,d4 ,,rosenberg ,,sons1 ,office1 #bjg ,avenue ,d1 ,,new ,,york4 ,send for ,samples and ,full ,particulars4 ,illustration3 ,door ,hanger4 ,the 8,barry0 ,hanger4 ,each wheel on the 8,barry ,hanger0 is on an independent axle4 ,all other hangers have the two wheels on one axle4 ,consequently1 when one track settles more than the other 7as they frequently do71 the axle 8tips10 and carries the door sidewise toward the lowest track1 causing an unpleasant rubbing against the track or casings below4 ,the 8,barry ,hanger0 overcomes this trouble1 and a door will run as easy and true in the center1 when there is a variation of one half inch or more in the height of the tracks1 as it would when they are perfectly level4 --,,manufactured ,,by-- ,,syracuse ,,bolt ,,co41 ,,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,buff ,,and ,,blue ,,amherst ,,and ,,berea ,,sandstone ,sawed stone of all kinds4 ,sawed and split flagging1 curbing and gutter stone and bridge stone4 ,,the ,,cleveland ,,stone ,,co41 ,,cleveland1 ,o4 ,send for illustrated catalogue4 ,,excellent ,,black ,,copies of ,architectural ,drawings1 ,sketches1 etc41 by the ,patent ,,autocopyist ,only equalled by ,lithography4 ,specimen ,free4 ,,autocopyist ,,co41 #aff ,william ,st41 ,new ,york4 ,,pecora ,,mortar ,,colors ,illustration3 ,office ,,john ,m4 ,,sharp1 ,,builder1 #aicf ,,south ,,college ,,avenue1 ,,philadelphia4 ,telephone #cded ,philadelphia1 ,jan4 #bg1 #ahhg ,mess4 ,s4 ,bowens ,sons ,dr ,sirs ,after using a large quantity of your ,red ,black ,i have found them entirely satisfactory and in all respects the best colors ,i have handled4 ,yrs respectfully ,john ,m ,sharp ,s4 ,,bowen',s ,,sons1 #aej ,north #dth ,st41 ,philadelphia4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,bridgeport ,,wood ,,finishing ,,co4 ,g4 ,m4 ,,breinig1 ,,agent1 ,,principal ,,office ,,at ,,manufactory ,,new ,,milford1 ,,conn4 ,,new ,,york ,,business ,,office1 #if-ih ,,maiden ,,lane4 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,wheelers ,,patent ,,wood ,,filler ,,breinig',s ,,lithogen ,,silicate ,,paint4 ,,lithogen ,,primer1 ,,wood ,,stains ,,silex ,,flint ,,and ,,feldspar4 ,,pamphlet ,,giving ,,directions ,,for ,,finishing ,,hard ,,wood ,,free ,,to ,,any ,,address4 ,,draw ,,knife ,,chamferer1 with adjusting screw to set it to the width of ,,chamfer wanted4 ,illustration3 ,,pat4 ,,july #ai1 #hg4 ,for sale by the ,jobbing and ,retail ,hardware ,dealers4 ,sent to any address on receipt of #fj;c4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,hoague1 ,,tool ,,mfr41 ,,chicopee1 ,,mass4 ,two,horse ,power ,engine4 #ge4 ,illustration3 ,engine4 ,,with ,,steel ,,boiler1 #aej4 ,cheap1 ,reliable1 ,safe4 ,automatic ,boiler ,feed4 ,automatic ,pop ,safety ,valve1 ,steel ,boiler4 ,cost of running guaranteed not to exceed three cents per hour4 ,nothing equal to it ever before offered for the price4 ,larger sizes equally low4 ,send for free descriptive circular4 ,,chas4 ,p4 ,,willard ,,co41 #bcf ,randolph ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,shields ,,brown ,,co4 ,manufacturers of ,sectional ,illustration3 ,,insulated ,,air ,,covers --,,for-- ,steam1 ,gas and ,water ,pipes1 ,drums1 ,heaters1 etc4 ,the ,best ,non,conductor of ,heat ,cold in the ,world4 ,send for illustrated descriptive ,circular1 and name this paper4 #adc ,worth ,street1 ,,new ,,york4 #gh and #hj ,lake ,st41 ,,chicago4 ,illustration3 ,screw ,plates4 ,,the ,,new ,,little ,,giant ,send for ,,catalogue ,f4 ,f4 ,f4 ,illustration3 ,adjustable ,die4 ,,wells ,,bros4 ,,co41 ,,greenfield1 ,,mass4 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,screw ,cutting ,machinery and ,tools for ,machinists'1 ,carriage ,makers'1 and ,blacksmiths' ,use4 ,illustration3 ,portrait4 ,,coleman ,,nat',l ,,business ,,college4 ,newark1 ,n4 ,j4 ,national ,patronage1 ,best ,facilities1 ,best course of ,business ,training1 ,shortest ,time1 ,lowest ,rates1 ,no ,vacation4 ,address1 ,h4 ,,coleman1 ,pres4 ,,established #ahdc4 ,manufacturers of ,stable ,fittings and ,fixtures1 ,,improved and ,,patented ,,iron1 ,,brass1 ,,bronzed and ,,nickel,,plated ,,poultry ,,yard ,,appliances1 ,,etc4 ,low estimates furnished to ,architects1 ,builders1 ,carpenters1 ,masons1 etc4 ,catalogue ,mailed on ,application4 ,,samuel ,s4 ,,bent ,,son1 ,no4 #aaa ,chambers ,st41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,every ,,variety ,,of ,,plain and ,,fire ,,proof ,,building ,,paper1 ,,asbestos ,,papers1 ,waterproof and ,inodorous ,papers1 ,plain and ,corrugated ,carpet ,linings1 ,deadening ,felts1 ,roofing ,materials1 ,tarred ,board1 c41 c4 ,two and ,three ,ply ,keystone ,prepared ,roofing ,send for ,samples and ,delivered ,price ,list 8,b40 ,h4 ,f4 ,,watson1 ,manufactu'r1 ,,erie1 ,,pa4 ,daily ,capacity of ,mills1 #fj ,tons4 ,illustration3 ,man ,operating ,scroll ,saw4 ,,chandler ,,farquhar #agg ,washington ,st4 ,,boston4 ,new ,england ,agents for ,,barnes' ,,foot ,,power ,,machinery ,,and ,,dealers ,,in ,machinists' ,supplies of ,every ,kind ,send two stamps for illus4 catalogue ,,well ,encyclopedia of #gjj ,engravings of ,,well ,,tools1 ,diamond ,drills and ,lightning ,hydraulic ,,well ,machines4 ,book free1 #be;c4 for mailing it4 ,american ,well ,works1 ,aurora1 ,ill4 ,architectural ,sheet,metal ,works4 ,metal ,building ,trimmings1 ,ventilating ,skylights1 ,metallic ,roofing ,tiles1 ,building ,specialties1 ,builders' ,light ,iron ,work4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,thorn1 ,no4 #abja ,callowhill ,st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,illustration3 ,n4 ,,cheney4 ,c4 ,,hewlett4 ,,cheney ,,hewlett ,,architectural ,,iron ,,works4 ,,every ,,variety ,,of ,,wrought ,,and ,,cast ,,iron ,,work ,,for ,,buildings4 ,,office #bja ,,broadway4 ,,new ,,york4 ,,book ,,giving ,,strength ,,of ,,wrought ,,iron ,,girders1 ,,beams ,,and ,,cast ,,iron ,,columns1 ,,mailed ,,on ,,application4 ,,architectural ,,and ,,ornamental ,,iron ,,stairs1 ,,grilles1 ,,guards1 ,,gates1 ,,railing4 ,special attention to ,ornamental ,work4 ,vault1 ,area1 and ,skylight 7,cement and ,iron74 ,designs1 ,estimates1 and ,catalogues on application4 ,,manly ,,cooper ,,mfg4 ,,co4 #daej ,elm ,ave41 ,philadelphia4 #bga ,broadway1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,established #ahdd4 ,,samuel ,h4 ,,french ,,co41 ,york ,avenue1 ,fourth and ,callowhill ,sts41 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,paint ,,manufacturers4 ,strictly ,pure ,lead1 ,zinc and ,colors1 ,dry1 in ,oil1 ,japan1 and ,ready ,mixed for ,use4 ,,peerless ,,mortar ,,colors ,,black1 ,,brown1 ,,buff1 ,,and ,,red4 ,masons' and ,builders' ,supplies4 ,,send ,,for ,,catalogue ,,and ,,circulars4 ,,hoyt ,,brother ,illustration3 ,woodworking ,machine4 ,manufacturing ,co41 ,,aurora1 ,,ill4 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,machinery for ,working ,wood4 ,planing ,mill ,machinery a ,specialty4 ,send for ,catalogue4 ,,chilton ,,paints4 ,the ,chilton ,manuf'g ,co4 would call the attention of ,architects and persons desiring a good article to their ,pure ,linseed ,oil ,paints4 ,the most durable and therefore the most economical in use4 ,sample cards of colors sent on application4 #adg ,fulton ,st41 ,new ,york4 #ada ,milk ,street1 ,boston4 ,,hull',s ,patent ,wrought ,iron ,steel ,dome ,,furnace4 7,,patented ,,september #eth1 #ahhb47 ,illustration3 ,furnace4 ,unequaled for ,heating ,power1 ,durability1 and ,freedom from ,gas4 ,send for ,circular and ,references4 ,four ,sizes4 ,portable and ,brick ,set4 ,shaking and ,dumping ,grate4 ,no ,charge for ,estimating4 ,,manufactured ,,and ,,set ,,by ,,hull1 ,,grippen ,,co4 #caj #cab ,,third ,,avenue1 ,,new ,,york4 ,,the ,,improved ,,florida ,,steam ,,heater ,illustration3 ,steam ,heater4 ,the best and most complete ,house ,heater in the world4 ,selffeeding1 automatic1 portable and saves all expense of brickwork4 ,most economical4 ,carries steam from #aj to #ab hours without attention4 ,compact4 #ad sizes1 from #d to #f feet high4 ,anticlinker grate1 easily shaken1 no dust4 ,sales larger than the combined sales of all reputable ,steam ,heaters4 #cejj in ,,actual ,,use1 all giving the best satisfaction4 ,estimates furnished on application4 ,send for ,illustrated ,catalogue4 ,address ,,pierce1 ,,butler ,,pierce ,,mfg4 ,,co41 ,,sole ,,manufacturers1 ,,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,general ,,agencies ,,geo4 ,b ,,cobb1 #ig ,william ,st41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,crane ,,bros4 ,,mfg4 ,,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,jas4 ,b4 ,,robertson ,,co41 ,baltimore1 ,md4 ,n4 ,o4 ,,nelson ,,mfg4 ,,co41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,b4 ,,taber ,,son1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,james ,p4 ,,wood ,,co41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,black ,diamond ,steel ,dome ,furnaces4 ,illustration3 ,furnace4 ,,all ,,sizes4 ,patent ,self,cleaning ,ash ,pit ,obviates labor1 dirt1 and annoyance4 ,sure preventive from fire caused by hot ashes4 ,patented and ,manufactured by ,the ,schoen ,heater and ,stove ,co4 ,,portable and ,,brick ,,set4 ,common ,sense ,clinker,crushing ,grate4 ,great saving of labor and fuel4 ,perfect ,dump4 ,office and ,salesroom #ac ,north ,eleventh ,st4 ,philadelphia4 ,,send ,,for ,,illustrated ,,catalogue4 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,in ,,every ,,town4 ,,gas ,,fixtures ,illustration3 ,,benj4 ,,thackara ,,chas4 ,,thackara ,a4 ,m4 ,,thackara ,chandeliers1 ,lanterns1 ,brackets1 ,electroliers1 ,ecclesiastical ,decorations1 ,lamps1 and ,grills ,,in ,,all ,metals4 ,designs ,furnished1 ,estimates ,given4 ,correspondence ,solicited4 ,holiday ,goods4 ,brica,brac4 ,,thackara ,,sons ,,co41 #acjj ,chestnut ,st41 ,philadelphia4 ,bartlett's ,wrought,iron1 ,brick,lined ,portable ,furnace4 ,,the ,,veteran1 ,for fifty years has proven the ,veteran's ,power1 ,durability1 ,efficiency1 and ,reliability4 ,illustration3 ,,hot ,,air ,,radiator ,,steel ,,dome ,,job ,,bartlett's ,,sons ,,philad4 ,,use ,,egg ,,coal ,,clean ,,out ,,and ,,check ,,door ,,veteran ,,portable ,,heater ,,ashpit ,,must ,,be ,,kept ,,clean ,,cold ,,air ,,patd ,,sep4 #e4 #ahhb ,,and ,,july #bj4 #ahhf ,,no ,,dust1 ,,no ,,gas1 ,,no ,,smoke1 ,,no ,,dampers4 ,no ,overheated ,castiron ,surfaces4 ,fire ,clay ,lined ,fire ,chambers4 ,the ,veteran is made of ,heavy ,boiler ,plate ,iron4 ,a ,shaking and ,dumping ,grate is attached1 which will give you great satisfaction in its control and management4 ,pure warm air in great abundance4 ,every furnace is warranted to give perfect satisfaction4 ,,established #ahdg4 ,job ,bartlett's ,sons1 #ajth ,filbert ,sts41 ,phila4 ,,estimates ,,and ,,advice ,,free4 ,the ,globe ,steam ,heater ,illustration3 ,,damper ,,safety ,,valve ,,to ,,draft ,,door ,has been thoroughly tried in many private and public buildings and always found to be the best4 ,very economical1 and easily managed4 ,large surface exposed directly to the fire4 ,ask for all particulars before you place your order for any other4 ,,the ,,globe ,,safety ,,damper ,,regulator ,,should ,,be ,,used ,,on ,,every ,,steam ,,heater ,,in ,,use4 ,for new ,illustrated ,price ,list of ,globe ,steam ,heating ,appliances1 address ,globe ,steam ,heater ,co41 ,north ,wales1 ,pa4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,decorator ,,and ,,furnisher4 ,,fleming ,,brewster ,,alley4 ,n4 ,y4 ,,president',s ,,office ,,of ,,the ,,decorator ,,and ,,furnisher ,,company4 ,the ,decorator and ,furnisher4 ,a magnificently illustrated magazine devoted to the one subject of home adornment1 both in furnishing and decorating4 ,it is an artistic and practical answer to every inquiry and want in beautifying the home4 ,the ,decorator and ,furnisher contains original designs and articles on decoration by the best writers and most prominent artists4 ,the most successful magazine of its kind in this country1 and it deserves all the prosperity it enjoys4--,buffalo ,news4 ,yearly ,subscription4 #d4jj4 ,single ,copies1 #ce;c4 #cj #cb ,east #adth ,st41 ,new,york4 ,,art ,,stained ,,glass ,,for ,,churches1 ,,dwellings1 ,etc4 ,keystone ,stained ,glass ,works1 #bga ,,south #eth ,,st41 ,,philadelphia4 ,,the ,,improved ,,economy ,combination ,steam and ,warm ,air ,,heater ,,in ,,its ,,many ,,points ,,of ,,merit ,,leads ,,every ,,heater ,,made4 ,,simple1 ,,practical1 ,,economical1 ,,embodying ,,durability and ,,absolute ,,safety4 ,illustration3 ,the ,combination ,heater4 ,low ,pressure1 ,radiates ,heat with from #a to #c pounds of ,steam4 ,one fire generates both ,warm ,air and ,steam1 increasing its capacity #be per cent4 over any ,all,steam ,apparatus4 ,automatically regulated1 maintaining a uniform temperature4 ,our ,system of ,warming ,buildings with ,steam ,radiation and ,warm ,air insures ,,perfect ,,ventilation4 ,,the ,,economy ,,warm ,,air ,,furnaces ,have a reputation that is neither excelled nor equalled for ,,durability1 ,,power1 ,,and ,,economy1 and are guaranteed in every respect4 ,,send ,,for ,,new #gb ,,page ,,catalogue1 giving full particulars1 descriptions1 and illustrations of #g different styles of the ,combination ,heaters ,,and ,,the ,economy ,warm ,air ,,furnaces4 ,manufactured solely by the ,j4 ,f4 ,pease ,furnace ,co41 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y41 and ,toronto1 ,ont4 ,eastern ,agents4--,,earl ,b4 ,,chace ,,co41 #bjf ,water ,st41 ,new ,york2 ,,john ,,demarest1 ,general ,new ,england ,agent1 #aab ,portland ,st41 ,boston2 ,w4 ,h4 ,,fenner ,,co41 ,providence4 ,western ,agents4--,,adkins ,,hoffman1 #agg ,east ,randolph ,st41 ,chicago1 ,ill42 ,,goss ,,heating ,,plumbing ,,co41 #gjc ,main ,st41 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo42 ,,arthur ,a4 ,,pond1 #ce ,washington ,ave4 ,south1 ,minneapolis1 ,minn42 ,,gage ,,horton ,,mfg4 ,,co41 #abca ,olive ,st41 ,st4 ,louis1 ,mo4 ,illustration3 ,the ,double ,radiator ,economy ,warm ,air ,furnace4 ,the ,m4 ,h4 ,,jacobs' ,,furnace ,,co41 ,manufacturers of the celebrated wrought iron spiral radiator and steel dome portable ,,warm ,,air ,,furnaces ,with ,hot ,water ,attachment4 ,most ,perfect and ,durable ,,the ,,king of ,,heaters ,illustration3 ,furnace4 ,it wears the ,crown of ,superiority4 ,most ,economical ,,and ,,powerful4 ,the ,spiral ,radiator is exciting universal attention and careful examination by the public1 as evidenced by the drift of popular favor4 ,a cursory examination alone is sufficient to show its merits and superiority4 ,it combines all the requisites of a successful furnace1 viz43 ,future ,maintenance1 ,efficiency1 and ,power to ,economize and ,radiate the ,heat ,desired4 ,no less attention has been given to the qualities upon which depend the health and vitality of our families4 ,,manufactured ,,by ,m4 ,h4 ,,jacobs' ,,furnace ,,co41 ,syracuse1 ,n4 ,y4 8,,the ,,auburn0 ,,steam ,,heating ,,boilers1 ,automatic1 ,self,feeding1 ,portable4 ,illustration3 ,steam ,boiler4 ,requires attention but once in from twelve to twentyfour hours4 ,fuel magazine surrounded by water4 ,selflocking shaking grate4 ,waste of coal impossible4 ,no dust4 ,no gas4 ,the ,woodcock ,patent ,shaking ,grate1 ,for ,boiler ,furnaces of all ,descriptions ,saves its cost in a year1 supplanting all other shaking grates4 ,no waste of coal4 ,no burnt or broken grates4 ,selflocking1 and as nearly automatic as a grate can be made4 ,send for ,illustrated ,catalogue4 ,woodcock ,co41 ,auburn1 ,n4 ,y4 ,notes and ,queries4 7,continued from page vi47 so as to form a mixture having the consistency of cream1 and apply it immediately with a brush4 ,if this composition be allowed to remain for a day or two1 and be then washed off with soap and water1 the marble will appear as though it were new4 7#f7 ,j4 ,m4 ,d4 asks3 ,is there any virtue in the 8divining rod10 so called1 as a means of determining the locality of hidden streams of water8 ,a4 ,none whatever4 ,the bobbing of the stick is due to a muscular pressure by the holder4 7#g7 ,c4 ,w4 ,c4 desires 7#a7 a recipe for a stain to imitate mahogany on white birch wood1 that will not raise the grain of the wood4 ,a4 ,a dark mahogany stain is made as follows3 ,boil half a pound of madder and #b ounces of logwood chips in #a gallon of water1 and brush well over the wood while hot2 when dry1 go over the whole with pearlash solution1 #b drachms to the quart4 #b4 ,can you give recipe for making the acid stain8 ,a4 ,in the acid stain you take nitric acid1 and dilute with #aj parts of water1 and wash the wood with it4 #c4 ,are there any books which give full directions for imitating the different woods8 ,a4 ,we would recommend for your purpose ,spons' ,workshop ,receipts 7second series71 which we can send you1 postpaid1 for #b4jj4 7#h7 ,a subscriber asks how to make spirit varnish suitable for varnishing carved wood4 ,a4 ,take #a ounce copal and ounce shellac2 powder them well1 and put them into a bottle or jar containing #a quart alcohol4 ,place the mixture in a warm place and shake it occasionally until the gums are completely dissolved2 and when strained the varnish will be ready for use4 7#i7 ,j4 ,w4 ,b4 desires a recipe for some fireextinguishing liquid4 ,a4 ,one of the best solutions for the extinction of incipient fires consists of crude calcium chloride #bj parts1 salt #e parts1 dissolved in water #ge parts4 ,keep at hand1 and apply with a hand pump4 7#aj7 ,g4 ,h4 ,a4 says3 ,i have lately made a workshop of an upper room1 and have put in a lathe1 boiler1 and engine of a total weight of #b1djj pounds1 resting upon #c joists #c inches by #i inches by #af feet #j inches4 ,will it strengthen the floor sufficiently to enable it to carry the increased weight if ,i bolt three #c inch by #h inch joists to the existing ones8 ,a4 ,you had better use #d inch by #h inch joists bolted with inch bolts about #aj inches apart4 ,take care to provide solid bearings for your new joists1 wedging the ends up with tiles in cement4 7#aa7 ,w4 ,a4 writes3 ,i have noticed in your issue of the ,,scientific ,,american1 at various times1 the receipt for making a printing machine called the hektograph4 ,you also gave a recipe for making a black ink to be used with the same4 ,i have tried both1 but ,i find a great difficulty in gaining a success4 ,i have tried the process for the ink in the manner you describe1 but ,i fail to produce any copies4 ,ink is prepared with nigrosine4 ,it will not create a bronze4 ,would you therefore kindly direct me in the right direction1 that is to say1 to get a black ink that can be used by the hektograph8 ,a4 ,the ink you desire is made by dissolving soluble nigrosine 7aniline black7 in #e to #g parts of water4 ,it should be a saturated solution and rather thick4 ,for use on the hektograph it is best to use a purple ink4 ,see 8,the ,copying ,pad10 etc41 contained in ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement1 ,no4 #dch4 7#ab7 ,a4 ,c4 ,r4 writes3 ,can you recommend me a good rubber cement8 ,i wish to cement leather together1 the cement to be waterproof1 to resist oil1 and the leather to retain its elasticity after pressing4 ,a4 ,dissolve gutta percha in bisulphide of carbon2 shave off the edges of the leather1 and pour on the cement2 allow to evaporate to dryness4 ,then put the two faces together1 previously heating thoroughly1 and press until cool4 7#ac7 ,g4 ,f4 asks the best kind of a vessel to make liquid gold in1 for potter's use4 ,a4 ,either a glass or a porcelain vessel will answer4 7#ad7 ,w4 ,j4 ,m4 asks how papier mache is made to stand the action of water4 ,a4 ,coat with a mixture made by fusing together equal parts of pitch and gutta percha1 to which is added two parts of linseed oil containing five parts of litharge4 ,continue the heat until the ingredients are uniformly commingled1 and apply warm4 7#ae7 ,j4 ,d4 ,co4 ask a process to prevent the smuts from escaping in the air from a lampblack house4 ,a4 ,carry the outlet of your lampblack chamber to one side and into the top of a vertical shaft1 where place a rose jet of water4 ,have the water drop vertically in an even spray1 so as to produce a draught down the shaft4 ,the water will gather the waste lampblack1 which can be either utilized or run into the sewer4 ,a vent at the bottom of the shaft may connect with a chimney or into the open air4 ,a pump or city water supply will be required4 7#af7 ,w4 ,d4 ,g41 ,jr41 asks how large a main pipe will be required to supply #f hydrants and #ej dwelling houses1 the water to be brought #a mile with a #gj head2 the hydrants to be used with a #a nozzle1 and there being no probability of more than two being required at a time8 ,a4 ,about a #f pipe2 a smaller one would not give the desired pressure for hydrant uses4 7#ag7 ,s4 ,m4 writes3 ,can you give a formula for a brilliant waterproof finishing polish to be used on veneer after it is rubbed down with pumice stone and water8 ,the polish to be applied the same as ,french polish4 ,use linseed oil #a pounds1 amber #a pound1 litharge #e ounces1 white lead1 pulverized1 #e ounces1 minium #e ounces4 ,boil the linseed oil in an untinned copper vessel1 and suspend in it the litharge and minium in a small bag1 which must touch the bottom of the vessel4 ,continue the boiling until the oil has acquired a deep brown color1 then take out of the bag and put in a clove of garlic2 this is to be repeated #g or #h times1 the boiling being always continued4 ,before the amber is added to the oil it is to be mixed with #b ounces linseed oil and melted over a fire that is well kept up4 ,when the mass is fluid1 it is to be boiled and stirred continually for #b or #c minutes2 afterward filter the mixture1 and preserve it in bottles tightly corked4 ,when this varnish is used1 the wood must be previously well polished and covered with a thin coat of soot and spirits of turpentine4 ,when the coat is dry some of the varnish may be applied1 which should be equally distributed on every part with a small1 fine sponge4 ,this operation must be repeated four times1 being always careful that each coat will be well dried first4 ,after the last coat of varnish1 the wood must be dried in an oven and afterward polished4 7#ah7 ,g4 ,p4 writes3 ,we want some plan to prevent the noise or work of our lodge room 7,i4,o4,o4,f47 from being heard in the room below2 we have a good floor and carpet1 good partitions1 walls plastered1 etc41 but are willing to go to quite an expense to remedy the present defect on this score4 ,a4 ,probably you have no deafening under the floor4 ,in such case there are only two ways that we can suggest for your trouble3 ,to take up the floor and put in a plaster deafening between the seams4 ,next1 to take up the carpet and lay two thicknesses of roof felting or paper boards 7bookbinders' boards might do1 or paper carpet lining74 ,then lay battens across the floor1 and a new floor on the battens4 ,do not nail the battens to the old floor4 ,then lay the carpet lining and the carpet on the lining4 7#ai7 ,w4 ,a4--,to clean marble from discoloration3 ,try #b parts sodium carbonate1 #a of pumice stone1 and #a of finely powdered chalk4 ,mix into a fine paste with water4 ,rub this over the marble1 and the stains will be removed2 then wash with soap and water4 7#bj7 ,f4 ,b4 asks in regard to papier mache floor covering3 #a4 ,will it hurt to use printed paper8 ,a4 ,according to the article 8,a ,papier ,mache ,floor ,covering0 we find ,manila paper recommended4 ,it is very likely that newspaper would answer1 but it is by no means as strong an article as the variety spoken of4 #b4 ,how thick will that covering be8 ,a4 ,the thickness depends upon whether more than a single thickness of the paper is used--probably from onesixteenth to oneeighth of an inch in thickness4 #c4 ,how long will it be before it is ready for use8 ,a4 ,that depends entirely upon the drying2 if artificial heat is applied1 we should think that the whole operation could be carried through and the covering finished within a week4 7#ba7 ,c4 ,c4 ,c4 asks3 ,which would be the best test for water works--to have three streams on one main near each other1 or three streams on different mains scattered over the town8 ,the mains #h inches1 #f inches1 and #d inches1 works half a mile from town4 ,a4 ,if you are testing in the interest of contractors1 place the trial streams as near the source of supply as possible1 and also near the #h inch main4 ,a fair test will be to locate the streams widely apart on one distributing branch4 7#bb7 ,f4 ,l4 asks how to imitate walnut graining4 ,a4 ,try the following3 ,the wood1 previously thoroughly dried and warmed1 is coated once or twice with a stain composed of #a ounce extract of walnut peel dissolved in #f ounces of soft water by heating it to boiling1 and stirring4 ,the wood1 thus treated1 when half dry is brushed with a solution of #a ounce potassium bichromate in #e ounces boiling water1 and is then allowed to dry thoroughly1 and is to be rubbed and polished as usual4 7#bc7 ,z4 ,t4 ,d4 asks3 ,how much water per second will flow through a #ad inch pipe1 #hj feet long1 with #h feet head8 ,also1 #ah inch and #ba inch pipes1 same conditions8 ,a4 ,the discharge for #ad inch pipe1 #ah cubic feet per second4 ,for #ah inch pipe1 #cd cubic feet per second4 ,for #ba inch pipe1 #ej cubic feet per second4 ,full plans and specifications for any of the various buildings illustrated in this work may be obtained1 on very moderate terms1 at this office4 ,these include churches1 schools1 dwellings1 enlargements1 extensions1 wings1 etc4 ,the two volumes for the past year1 which may be purchased for #c1 contain nearly #bjj elevations and many plans4 ,address ,munn ,co41 #cfa ,broadway1 ,architects and ,builders ,edition ,,scientific ,,american4 ,,patents4 ,messrs4 ,munn ,co41 in connection with the publication of the ,,scientific ,,american1 continue to examine improvements1 and to act as ,solicitors of ,patents for ,inventors4 ,in this line of business they have had fortyone years' experience1 and now have unequaled facilities for the preparation of ,patent ,drawings1 ,specifications1 and the prosecution of ,applications for ,patents in the ,united ,states1 ,canada1 and ,foreign ,countries4 ,messrs ,munn ,co4 also attend to the preparation of ,caveats1 ,copyrights for ,books1 ,labels1 ,reissues1 ,assignments1 and ,reports on ,infringements of ,patents4 ,all business intrusted to them is done with special care and promptness1 on very reasonable terms4 ,a pamphlet sent free of charge1 on application1 containing full information about ,patents and how to procure them2 directions concerning ,labels1 ,copyrights1 ,designs1 ,patents1 ,appeals1 ,reissues1 ,infringements1 ,assignments1 ,rejected ,cases1 ,hints on the ,sale of ,patents1 etc4 ,we also send1 free of charge1 a ,synopsis of ,foreign ,patent ,laws1 showing the cost and method of securing patents in all the principal countries of the world4 ,,munn ,,co41 ,solicitors of ,patents1 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,,branch ,,offices4--,no4 #fbb and #fbd ,f ,street1 ,pacific ,building1 near #gth ,street1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,duplex ,steam,heater ,co4 ,manufacturers under ,,fiske',s ,,patents1 #aj ,barclay ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration3 ,simplest in ,construction4 ,largest ,steaming ,capacity4 ,,write ,,for ,,references ,,and ,,discount4 ,send for ,illustrated ,catalogue and ,price,list4 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,everywhere4 ,,the ,,new ,,era ,,radiator ,illustration3 ,,semi,,sectional ,,view4 ,will utilize the heat that now escapes up your chimney4 ,it will save #ejj to #a1jjj lbs4 of coal out of every ton4 ,can be put on any stove pipe1 either in the room with the stove1 to increase the heat1 or it will heat room adjoining or room above4 ,,costs ,,little4 ,,saves ,,much4 ,send for ,circular and ,testimonials4 ,wilmot ,castle ,co41 ,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,gates ,,improved ,,hot ,,water ,,heater ,illustration3 ,office of ,,fitchburg ,,gas ,,co4 ,,fitchburg1 ,may #ag1 #ahhg4 ,mr4 ,e4 ,n4 ,,gates4 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,having now used your system of ,hot ,water ,circulation in my house from ,december first to ,may fifth1 it gives me pleasure to say that it has met the requirements of the extreme cold of the past winter and the mild weather of the spring months in the most perfect manner1 giving out just the temperature for comfort in all the variations of temperature outside1 and with great economy in fuel4 ,yours respectfully1 ,h4 ,f4 ,,coggshall1 ,treasurer and ,manager4 ,the following ,special ,advantages over other ,methods of ,heating3 #ast4--,,over ,,hot ,,air ,,furnaces4--,no ,dust6 ,no ,burnt ,air6 ,no ,gas6 and ability to send the heat where it is wanted1 without regard to direction of wind or height of cellar1 and using less fuel for amount of space heated4 #b;d4--,,over ,,steam1 ,,high ,,or ,,low ,,pressure4--,from the fact the temperature of water in radiators can be between #gj and #bab or higher1 thus adapting it to all degrees of outside temperature1 thereby1 taking the season through1 it makes a great saving in fuel in this point alone1 besides the comfort of having a building evenly heated4 #c;d4--,,over ,,other ,,hot ,,water ,,systems4--,in all others1 the water goes to ,radiators from one common reservoir4 ,therefore1 being next to impossible to have all rooms heated alike4 ,different rooms will receive current of water at different rates of speed4 ,with this system all rooms can be heated alike1 when desired1 from the fact that each current is provided with an independent boiler1 and the hot water must go where the pipe leads1 and you have perfect control over every room1 and can be put in at less cost than any other system of hot water heating to do the same work4 ,for ,illustrated ,circular1 ,references1 and ,full ,particulars1 address ,e4 ,n4 ,,gates1 ,box #aejd1 ,,fitchburgh1 ,,mass4 ,,new ,,york ,,safety ,,dumb ,,waiter ,,fixtures ,patented ,united ,states1 ,april #aith1 #ahhg2 in ,canada1 ,may #ahth1 #ahhg4 ,illustration3 ,dumb ,waiter4 ,the ,,most ,,complete1 ,,simple and ,,absolutely ,,safe ,,waiter made4 ,provided with ,,safety ,,rope1 ,,avoiding ,,accident4 ,,entirely ,,noiseless1 and moves with perfect ease4 ,,fixtures ,,one ,,size ,,only1 adapted to any size waiter4 ,can be adjusted by any ,,carpenter or ,,mechanic4 ,,diagram and ,,full ,,directions ,,accompany ,,each ,,set4 ,,handsomely ,,bronzed1 and packed ,,one ,,set in a ,,box4 ,sold by the ,hardware trade4 ,,price1 #ae4jj4 ,illustration3 ,dumb ,waiter4 ,for catalogue address the manufacturers4 ,,the ,,edward ,,storm ,,spring ,,co41 ,limited1 ,poughkeepsie1 ,n4 ,y4 or1 ,,john ,h4 ,,graham ,,co41 ,sole ,mfrs4 ,agents1 #aac ,chambers ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,artistic ,,homes1 #ahhg4 ,illustration3 ,n4 ,w4 ,,ayer-,,son4 ,,phila4 ,the most practical work published4 ,contains #gf full page ,illustrations of ,queen ,anne and ,colonial ,villas and ,cottages1 costing from #aejj upward4 ,price #d4ej4 ,parties contemplating building cheap or expensive residences will find it to their advantage to correspond with us4 ,,fuller ,,wheeler1 ,architects1 ,,albany1 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,western ,tennessee ,hospital for the ,insane4 ,our celebrated ,,alderly brand was selected by the ,commissioners of the ,western ,tennessee ,hospital for the ,insane at ,bolivar1 ,tennessee1 for the ,roof1 ,gutters and ,valleys of the building1 over all other leading brands of ,terne ,plates after a thorough test of all its qualities4 ,these buildings required over #ajjj boxes of ,,alderly ,brand ,terne ,plate1 which is the largest contract ever made for one particular brand of ,roofing ,tin4 ,the ,,alderly ,brand was selected purely on its merits4 ,,gummey1 ,,spering1 ,,ingram ,,co41 ,,philadelphia--,,liverpool4 ,p4 ,s4--,the ,,alderly is the only perfectly square ,terne plate in the market1 being resheared before coating4 ,,the ,,few ,,advantages ,,of ,,the ,,combination ,,system ,,as ,,demonstrated ,,by ,,the ,,perfectly ,,combined ,,steam ,,and ,,warm ,,air ,,heating ,,apparatus4 ,illustration3 ,portable3 #c sizes1 #bh1 #cb1 and #cf inch4 #ast4--,two results with but one fire4 #b;d4--,all benefit derived from a ,steam ,heater is radiated in the ,combination1 while no sacrifice is made in wasting what you are compelled to burn before reaching ,steam ,radiation 7#bab degrees74 #c;d4--,with steam1 when fire is banked for the night1 radiation ceases--in the ,combination1 never6 #dth4--,with steam1 the consumption of fuel is the same at #fj as it is at zero4 ,in the ,combination1 you burn only what the outside temperature demands4 #eth4--,the drafts are automatically arranged1 requiring no further attention4 #fth4--,in zero weather all ,hot ,air ,heaters are weak--in the ,combination1 steam supplies the power whenever wanted4 ,with these positive advantages1 it is no difficult matter to decide which to purchase4 ,a home well heated is a necessity4 ,this comfort can be secured by a little outlay4 ,,the ,,perfectly ,,combined ,steam and ,warm ,air ,heating ,apparatus ,,is ,,manufactured ,,by ,,the ,,weir ,,nixon ,,steam and ,,warm ,,air ,,heating ,,co4 #adaj #adab ,north ,sixth ,st41 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,catalogues ,,sent ,,to ,,parties ,,wishing ,,heating ,,apparatus4 ,illustration3 ,brick set3 #e sizes1 #bh1 #cb1 #cf1 #dj1 and #dh inch4 ,the ,,omega ,,fireplace ,,furnace ,illustration3 ,fireplaces4 #bj page illustrated catalogue1 containing full information and prices1 sent to any address4 ,a ,double ,heater and ,perfect ,ventilator4 ,a ,revolution in ,fireplace ,heating4 ,gives the combined heat of both a ,furnace and ,fireplace1 with ,perfect ,ventilation4 ,equalizes the heat in every part of the room4 ,burns equally well ,hard or ,soft ,coal1 ,wood or ,coke4 ,address ,,omega ,,stove ,,and ,,grate ,,co41 #hi ,euclid ,ave41 ,cleveland1 ,ohio4 ,the ,draper ,recording ,thermometer4 ,this thermometer gives a permanent and continuous record in ink of the temperature4 ,the chart indicating hours of the day and days of the week gives the degrees of temperature from #bj below zero to #aaj above4 ,all instruments are accurately adjusted and warranted4 ,the record is easily read and absolutely correct4 ,sold by the leading instrument dealers and opticians throughout the ,united ,states and ,canada1 and by ,the ,,draper ,,manufacturing ,,co4 ,owners of the ,united ,states and foreign patents4 #aeb ,front ,street1 ,new ,york ,illustration3 ,size #ad #bj in4 ,patented4 ,copyrighted4 ,,the ,,baragwanath ,,steam ,,jacket ,feedwater ,boiler and ,purifier4 ,illustration3 ,feedwater ,boiler4 ,boils the feedwater4 ,keeps the boiler clean4 ,saves boiler repairs4 ,saves from #ae to #dj per cent4 of fuel4 ,large heating surface4 ,no radiating surface4 ,no back pressure4 ,thoroughly utilizes the exhaust4 ,strong and durable4 ,over #e1jjj in use4 ,send for circular4 ,,wm4 ,,baragwanath ,,son4 #dj ,west ,division ,street1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,jas4 ,b4 ,,crouthers1 ,m4 ,e41 ,general ,eastern ,manager1 #aab ,liberty ,street1 ,new ,york4 ,,drawing ,,instruments1 ,,drawing ,,paper1 ,,blue ,,process ,,paper1 ,,american ,,liquid ,,ink4 ,a fully illustrated and priced catalogue of #bjj pages of all instruments and materials used by draughtsmen sent upon mention of this paper4 ,g4 ,s4 ,,woolman1 #aaf ,,fulton ,,st41 ,,new ,,york4 8,,mershon0 ,,patent ,,shaking ,,grate ,for ,steam and ,hot ,air ,furnaces4 ,the most reliable and ,perfect ,shaking ,grate in the world4 ,send for catalogue4 8,mershon0 ,patent ,shaking ,grate1 ,heater and ,range ,works1 #abjc ,filbert ,street1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,how ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,incubator4-- ,full directions1 illustrated with #g figures4 ,also directions for operating the apparatus4 ,contained in ,,scientific ,,american ,,supplement1 ,no4 #fab4 ,price #aj cents4 ,to be had at this office and from all newsdealers4 ,,mineral ,,wool6 ,,indestructible4 ,,fire,,proof4 ,,sound,,proof4 ,,frost,,proof4 ,,vermin,,proof4 ,,odorless4 ,for ,deadening1 ,fire,proofing1 ,insulation of ,heat and ,cold in ,buildings1 ,prevention of ,frost in ,water or ,gas ,pipes4 ,illustration3 ,,mineral ,,wool ,,fire ,,proof ,,covering 7,patented ,may #bi1 #ahhc47 ,also ,fire,proof ,sectional ,coverings for ,steam ,pipes and ,boilers4 ,best nonconductor for all surfaces1 ,steam or ,fire ,heat4 ,will not ,char1 ,crack1 or ,burn4 ,easily applied and removed by any one1 and is indorsed by ,insurance ,companies4 ,for full information and sample free1 address ,western ,mineral ,wool ,co41 ,box #abc4 ,,cleveland1 ,o4 ,,edward ,,ford1 ,,prest4 ,a4 ,,pitcairn1 ,,vice,,prest4 ,e4 ,l4 ,,ford1 ,,secy4 ,,john ,f4 ,,scott1 ,,treas4 ,,pittsburgh ,,plate ,,glass ,,co41 ,,creighton1 ,,pa41 ,,manufacturers ,,polished ,,plate ,,glass4 ,ground and ,rough ,plate ,glass for ,floors and ,skylights4 ,threesixteenths thickness1 made expressly for fine residences4 ,,large ,,and ,,wide ,,glass ,a ,,specialty4 ,the ,largest ,plates of ,glass in the cities of ,chicago1 ,cleveland1 ,detroit1 ,st4 ,paul1 ,syracuse1 ,pittsburgh1 ,philadelphia1 ,baltimore1 and in many ,new ,york buildings1 were manufactured at our works4 ,,immense ,,production4 ,the combined production of our two factories is #bfj1jjj square feet per month4 ,the largest production of any factory in the world1 which enables us to fill our orders promptly4 ,the high reputation and unprecedented large sale of glass made by this company since its organization is due entirely to its superior quality1 ,,natural ,,gas alone being used throughout both works as fuel4 --,,correspondence ,,solicited4-- ,works ,no4 #a1 ,,creighton1 ,,pa4 ,works ,no4 #b1 ,,tarentum1 ,,pa4 ,,western ,,union ,,wire ,,and ,,telephone ,,connection ,,in ,,general ,,office1 ,,creighton1 ,,pa4 ,,refrigerators4 ,estimates furnished 7under new construction7 for ,hotels1 ,stores and ,butchers' ,use ,,also ,a ,,line ,,for ,,residences1 ,,by ,,frank ,w4 ,,lockwood1 #bdj ,south ,second ,st41 ,philadelphia4 ,illustration3 ,j4 ,i4 ,,case ,t4 ,m4 ,c4 ,,saw ,,mills ,,stationary ,,portable ,,engines and ,,threshers4 ,,racine ,,wisconsin4 ,,send ,,for ,,illustrated ,,catalogue #bc ,awards of ,merit for ,superiority4 ,the oldest1 the best1 the cheapest4 ,locks of one piece4 ,no cleats or springs4 ,simple and perfect4 ,made in four sizes1 of ,copper1 ,tin1 ,steel1 or ,galvanized ,tin4 ,full line of ,roofing ,sundries4 ,if you want an antique finish1 get our ,queen ,anne ,shingles4 ,send for ,catalogue and ,price ,list1 special to the trade4 ,wholesale ,agents3 ,w4 ,w4 ,,montague ,,co41 ,san ,francisco1 ,cal41 ,pacific ,coast4 ,,knisely ,,miller1 ,chicago1 ,ill4 ,,geo4 ,,tritch ,,hardware ,,co41 ,denver1 ,col4 ,,phillips ,,buttorff ,,mfg4 ,,co41 ,nashville1 ,tenn4 ,,mcdonald1 ,,kemp ,,co41 ,toronto1 ,sole ,agts41 ,canada4 ,,jerome ,,twichell ,,co41 ,kansas ,city1 ,mo4 ,illustration3 ,walter ,shingle4 ,illustration3 ,section through ,shingles4 ,illustration3 ,a ,dwelling4 ,,the ,,nat',l ,,sheet ,,metal ,,roofing ,,co41 #eaj to #ebj ,e4 #bjth ,st4 ,n4 ,y4 ,illustration3 ,gushing ,well4 ,,artesian ,wells1 ,oil and ,gas ,wells1 drilled by contract to any depth1 from #ej to #cjjj feet4 ,we also manufacture and furnish everything required to drill and complete same4 ,portable ,horse ,power and ,mounted ,steam ,drilling ,machines for #ajj to #fjj ft4 ,send #f cents for illustrated catalogue4 ,pierce ,well ,excavator ,co4 ,new ,york4 ,,useful ,,books4 ,manufacturers1 ,agriculturists1 ,chemists1 ,engineers1 ,mechanics1 ,builders1 men of leisure1 and professional men1 of all classes1 need good books in the line of their respective callings4 ,our post office department permits the transmission of books through the mails at very small cost4 ,a comprehensive catalogue of useful books by different authors1 on more than fifty different subjects1 has just been published for free circulation at the office of this paper4 ,subjects classified1 with names of author4 ,persons desiring a copy have only to ask for it1 and it will be mailed to them4 ,,title ,,of ,,subjects3 ,,agriculture4 ,,anatomy ,,physiology4 ,,animals1 ,,domestic4 ,,architecture ,,building4 ,,analysis ,,and ,,assaying4 ,,astronomy4 ,,biology1 ,,zoology1 ,,etc4 ,,botany4 ,,brewing ,,and ,,distilling4 ,,cabinet ,,making1 ,,carving1 ,,and ,,turning4 ,,carpentry4 ,,chemistry4 ,,civil ,,engineering4 ,,cooking4 ,,dictionaries ,,and ,,cyclopedias4 ,,drawing1 ,,etching1 ,,engraving1 ,,etc4 ,,dyeing ,,and ,,printing4 ,,electricity4 ,,fishing1 ,,shooting1 ,,etc4 ,,gas4 ,,geology ,,mineralogy4 ,,heat4 ,,horticulture ,,and ,,arboriculture4 ,,horology4 ,,hydraulics4 ,,law4 ,,leather4 ,,mathematics ,,and ,,surveying4 ,,machinery4 ,,marine ,,engineering4 ,,mechanics4 ,,medicine ,,and ,,surgery4 ,,mental ,,science4 ,,metallurgy4 ,,microscopy4 ,,mills ,,and ,,milling4 ,,military ,,engineering ,,tactics1 ,,etc4 ,,mining4 ,,miscellaneous4 ,,moulding ,,and ,,founding4 ,,natural ,,history1 ,,etc4 ,,navigation4 ,,painting4 ,,perfumery4 ,,photography4 ,,physics4 ,,political ,,economy4 ,,pottery4 ,,sanitary ,,engineering4 ,,science ,,series4 ,,steam ,,engineering4 ,,steel ,,and ,,iron4 ,,stone4 ,,taxidermy4 ,,textile ,,manufactures4 ,,technology4 ,address ,,munn ,,co41 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration3 ,medallion4 ,,rubber ,,belting1 ,,packing1 ,,hose1 ,,and ,,all ,,other ,,kinds ,,of ,,rubber ,,goods1 ----,,for---- ,,mechanical and ,,manufacturing ,,purposes4 ,the ,largest and ,most ,extensive ,manufacturers in ,america4 ,,the ,,gutta ,,percha ,,and ,,rubber ,,mfg4 ,,co4 ,new ,york1 ,chicago1 ,san ,francisco1 ,toronto4 ,illustration3 ,,conant ,,boston ,,marston',s ,hand ,foot ,power ,circular ,saw4 ,iron frame #cf inches high4 ,top #hj #dj inches1 centre part of iron with planed grooves on each side of saw for cutting off gauges to slide in4 ,ripping gauge slides in iron groove4 ,steel shafts4 ,gears are all machine cut from solid iron4 ,boring table and side treadle4 ,two #f;inch saws and two cranks with each machine4 ,weight #cej pounds4 ,send for price list4 ,j4 ,m4 ,marston ,co4 ,cor4 ,appleton ,tremont ,sts41 ,,boston1 ,,mass4 ,plans and ,specifications4 ,full plans1 specifications1 and sheets of details1 complete1 ready for the builder1 may be obtained at this office1 for any of the structures illustrated in this publication4 ,we also prepare plans for buildings of every description1 including churches1 colleges1 schools1 stores1 dwellings1 carriage houses1 barns1 etc4 ,we are assisted in this work by able architects1 and we try to make our estimates reliable1 so that the work can be done by any reliable builder at the prices named4 ,terms moderate4 ,,munn ,,co41 #cfa ,broadway ,new ,york4 ,,valuable ,,books ,,for ,,architects1 ,,builders1 ,,etc4 ,promptly sent1 on receipt of the price1 by ,,munn ,co4 ,no4 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,,american ,,cottages4 ,consisting of #dd large quarto plates4 ,containing ,original ,designs of ,medium and ,lowcost ,cottages1 ,seaside and ,country ,houses2 also a ,club ,house1 ,school ,house1 ,pavilion1 and a small ,seaside ,chapel1 together with a ,form of ,specification for ,cottages4 ,one large quarto volume4 #e4jj ,,architects' ,,and ,,builders' ,,pocket,,book4 ,containing ,original ,tables and ,valuable ,information for ,architects1 ,builders1 ,engineers1 and ,contractors4 ,by ,e4 ,f4 ,kidder4 ,fully illustrated with plates4 ,put up in pocketbook form1 morocco flaps #c4ej ,,architect',s ,,hand,,book4 ,a ,hand,book of ,formul1 ,tables1 and ,memoranda1 for ,architectural ,surveyors and others engaged in ,building4 ,by ,j4 ,t4 ,hurst1 ,c4,e4 ,thirteenth edition4 ,royal #cbmo1 roan #b4jj ,,architectural ,,details4 ,containing #chg designs and #ifg illustrations of the various ,parts needed in the ,construction of ,buildings1 ,public and ,private1 both for the ,city and ,country2 also1 ,plans and ,elevations of ,houses1 ,stores1 ,cottages1 and other ,buildings4 ,by ,m4 ,f4 ,cummings1 ,m4,a41 ,architect1 ,associate ,author of 8,architecture1 by ,cummings ,miller40 ,one large #dto volume1 #ef plates4 ,reduced from #aj4jj to #f4jj ,,architectural ,,studies4 ,,part ,i4--#ab ,designs for ,lowcost ,houses4 ,this set includes the ,prize ,designs for #b1ejj ,houses of 8,building ,competition ,no4 #a40 ,these will show ,elevations1 ,plans1 and ,details1 together with ,specifications1 ,bills of ,materials1 and ,estimates of ,cost4 ,in addition to the above1 there are given a number of other ,designs1 ranging in cost from #ejj to #d1jjj #a4jj ,,part ,,ii4--,store ,fronts and ,interior ,details4 ,containing #ab plates of ,designs and ,details for the following classes of ,stores3 ,drug ,store1 ,restaurant1 ,village ,shop1 ,retail #be;ft4 ,store1 ,bank and ,office ,finish1 ,cigar ,store1 ,corner ,dry ,goods ,store1 ,store ,front1 ,basement1 and ,first ,story1 and others #a4jj ,,part ,,iii4--,stables4 ,containing #ab plates of ,stables suitable for ,village ,lots1 ranging in cost from #cjj upward4 ,this set of plates will contain a fine selection of ,designs giving ,exteriors1 ,plans1 and some ,details4 ,paper portfolio #a4jj ,,part ,,iv4--,seaside and ,southern ,houses4 #ab plates of ,designs for ,cheap ,houses1 with ample ,verandas1 suited to a summer climate4 ,average cost1 #a1ejj #a4jj ,,part ,v4--,outbuildings4 ,containing #ab plates of ,designs of small ,stables1 ,summer ,houses1 ,pavilions1 ,privies1 ,fences1 ,gates1 etc4 #a4jj ,,part ,,vi4--,perspectives1 ,elevations1 and ,plans1 with ,specifications1 ,bills of ,materials1 etc41 of ,houses costing from #ejj to #b1ejj #a4jj ,,part ,,vii4--,designs for ,door and ,window ,finish1 ,wainscoting1 ,mantels1 ,closets1 etc4 #a4jj ,,architecture4 ,encyclopedia of ,gwilt's1 ,historical1 ,theoretical1 and ,practical4 ,new edition1 revised1 with ,alterations and considerable ,additions4 ,by ,wyatt ,papworth1 ,f4,r4,i4,b4,a4 ,nearly #a1fjj wood engravings 7about #ejj being new to the work74 ,thick #hvo1 cloth #bj4jj ,,bricks1 ,,tiles1 ,,and ,,terra ,,cotta4 ,a ,treatise on the ,manufacture and ,materials1 ,tools1 ,machines1 and ,kilns used4 ,by ,charles ,t4 ,davis4 #hjj pages1 #bbh engravings1 and #f plates #e4jj ,,building ,,superintendence4 ,by ,professor ,theodore ,m4 ,clark4 ,one vol4 ,profusely illustrated with ,plans1 ,diagrams1 etc4 #c4jj ,,building ,,construction4 ,a ,complete ,manual of the ,details of ,construction1 illustrated with a large number of engravings4 ,,part ,i4 ,contents3 ,walling and ,arches2 ,brickwork2 ,masonry2 ,carpentry2 ,floors2 ,partitions2 ,timber ,roofs2 ,iron ,roofs2 ,slating2 ,plumbers' ,work2 ,cast ,iron ,girders1 etc42 ,joinery4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,contents3 ,brickwork and ,masonry2 ,timber ,roofs2 ,roof ,coverings2 ,builtup ,beams2 ,curved ,ribs2 ,timber and ,iron ,girders2 ,centers2 ,joinery2 ,stairs2 ,riveting2 ,fire,proof ,floors2 ,iron ,roofs2 ,plasterers' ,work2 ,painting1 ,paper,hanging and ,glazing4 ,price of each #c4ej ,,part ,,iii4 ,materials3 #a4 ,stone2 #b4 ,bricks1 ,tiles1 ,terra ,cotta1 etc42 #c4 ,limes1 ,cements1 ,mortar1 ,concrete1 ,plaster1 and ,asphalts2 #d4 ,metals2 #e4 ,timber2 #f4 ,paints and ,varnishes2 #g4 ,glass2 #h4 ,paper,hanging2 #i4 ,miscellaneous4 ,postpaid #f4jj ,,carpentry ,,made ,,easy2 ,or1 ,the ,science and ,art of ,framing on a ,new and ,improved ,system4 ,with ,specific ,instructions for ,building ,balloon ,frames1 ,barn ,frames1 ,mill ,frames1 ,warehouses1 ,church ,spires1 etc4 ,comprising also a ,system of ,bridge ,building1 with ,bills1 ,estimates of ,cost1 and valuable ,tables4 ,illustrated by #dd plates1 comprising nearly #bjj figures4 ,by ,william ,l4 ,bell1 ,architect and ,practical ,builder4 #hvo #e4jj ,,church ,,architecture1 ,,withers'4 ,one large volume of fiftyone #i #ad plates1 substantially bound in extra cloth1 sent by mail or express to any part of the ,united ,states upon receipt of price1 reduced from #ae4jj to #aj4jj ,,concrete4 ,a ,practical ,treatise on ,natural and ,artificial ,concrete1 its ,varieties and ,constructive ,adaptations4 ,by ,henry ,reid1 ,c4,e41 author of 8,the ,science and ,art of the ,manufacture of ,portland ,cement40 ,third edition1 #hvo1 cloth #f4jj ,,cottages2 ,or1 ,hints on ,economical ,building4 ,containing #bd plates of ,medium and ,lowcost ,houses1 contributed by different ,new ,york ,architects2 together with descriptive letterpress1 giving ,practical ,suggestions for ,cottage ,building4 ,compiled and edited by ,a4 ,w4 ,brunner1 ,architect4 ,and a chapter on the ,water ,supply1 ,drainage1 ,sewerage1 ,heating1 and ,ventilation1 and other ,sanitary ,questions relating to ,country ,houses4 ,by ,wm4 ,paul ,gerhard4 ,one #hvo volume1 cloth #a4jj ,,cottage1 ,,the ,,suburban4 ,its ,design and ,construction4 ,containing over #ajj illustrations and full descriptive letterpress4 ,this book gives ,practical ,instruction on every question arising in ,house ,building1 and should be in the hands of every one intending to build4 ,one #hvo vol41 cloth #a4ej ,,decoration1 ,,interior4 ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,brunner and ,thomas ,tryon1 ,architects1 with #fe illustrations1 giving suggestions about ,hall1 ,staircase1 ,library1 ,parlor1 ,dining,room1 etc4 ,study1 ,bed,rooms4 ,fifteen plates4 ,just published #c4jj ,,mantels1 ,,album ,,of4 ,one large quarto volume1 bound in cloth #d4jj ,unbound in portfolio #d4jj ,this book contains #fj plates and #ajc designs of mantels and shelves4 ,,masonry ,,and ,,stonecutting1 ,in which the ,principles of ,masonic ,projection and their ,application to the ,construction of ,curved ,wing,walls1 ,domes1 ,oblique ,bridges1 and ,roman and ,gothic ,vaulting1 are explained4 ,by ,edward ,dobson1 ,m4,r4,i4,b4,a41 etc4 #a4ej ,,house ,,painter4 ,modern ,house ,painting1 containing #bj colored lithographic plates1 exhibiting the ,use of ,color in ,exterior and ,interior ,house ,painting1 and embracing examples of simple and elaborate in ,plain1 ,graded1 and ,particolors2 also the ,treatment of old style of ,houses1 together with full descriptive letterpress1 covering the ,preparation1 ,use1 and ,application of ,colors1 with ,special ,directions applicable to each example2 the whole ,work offering ,valuable ,hints and ,suggestions on ,harmonious ,color ,treatment1 suitable to every variety of ,building4 ,by ,e4 ,k4 ,rossiter and ,f4 ,a4 ,wright4 ,oblong1 #dto1 cloth #e4jj ,,leffel',s ,,house ,,plans4 ,containing ,elevations1 ,plans1 and ,descriptions of ,houses costing from #ejj to #c1jjj1 and adapted to families having good taste and moderate means4 ,including the six prize plans in the ,mechanical ,news competition4 ,one oblong quarto #b4jj ,band ,saws4 ,band ,saws4 ,,damascus ,,tempered ,,by ,,natural ,,gas ,,heat1 ,,superior ,,toughness4 ,after more than ten years' experience in the manufacture of ,band ,saws1 we have discovered a new process of ,tempering and ,straightening all at one operation4 ,this process insures absolute perfection4 ,we specially request all users of ,band ,saws to send us their address in full1 and also a description of the sizes of saws used1 and we will1 by return mail1 quote them special prices1 and also send them our pamphlet on the ,band ,saw1 which contains much valuable information for all users of ,band ,saws4 ,illustration3 ,band ,saw ,blades4 ,the ,superior ,quality of our ,band ,saws1 ,all ,tempered1 ,straightened1 and ,trued at one operation1 which we have patented1 makes them so perfect that our ,,sales ,,have ,,more ,,than ,,trebled ,,in ,,the ,,past ,,year4 ,our largest and best customers prefer them to the best imported saws4 ,,write ,,for ,,our ,,circular ,,and ,,reduced ,,price ,,lists4 ,,natural ,,gas ,is perfectly free from all impurities1 and steel heated by its use does not scale4 ,it contains no sulphur or other base substances4 ,we are the first to adopt its use in heating saws for tempering1 which explains the cause of our saws being tougher than any others now made4 ,illustration3 ,the ,emerson ,patent #ajj4jj ,,gold ,,premium ,,damascus ,,tempered ,,saws ,,made ,,by ,,emerson ,,smith ,,co4 ,,beaver ,,falls ,,pa ,send for price list and circular ,,patented ,,sept4 #i #ahhd4 ,,our ,,circular ,,saw ,of all sizes from #f inches in diameter to #f feet1 both ,solid and ,inserted ,teeth1 also our ,double ,toothed ,cross ,cuts 7two saws in one71 for all uses ,,have ,,no ,,equal4 ,our ,,sawyer',s ,,handbook will be sent ,,free to any part of the world on receipt of full name and address4 ,address ,,emerson1 ,,smith ,,co4 7,,limited74 ,beaver ,falls1 ,pa4 ,classified ,index of ,advertisements ,published in the ,present ,number of the ,scientific ,american1 ,architects and ,builders ,edition4 ,adjustable ,clapboard ,marker4 ,page ,stanley ,rule ,level ,co4 cover ii ,adjustable ,planes4 ,stanley ,rule ,level ,co4 cover ii ,advertising ,agent4 ,b4 ,g4 ,underwood v ,advertising ,glass ,signs4 ,the ,western ,sand ,blast ,co4 iii ,air ,brush4 ,air ,brush ,mfg4 ,co4 iii ,architects' and ,surveyors' ,supplies4 ,l4 ,manasse ii ,architects4 ,fuller ,wheeler xi ,c4 ,powell ,karr1 ,c4,e4 v ,munn ,co4 vi ,f4 ,l4 ,smith ii ,architectural ,iron ,work4 ,cheney ,hewlett viii ,j4 ,s4 ,thorn viii ,manly ,cooper ,mfg4 ,co4 viii ,architectural ,wood ,turning4 ,anderson ,dickey iv ,standard ,wood ,turning ,co4 iv ,artesian ,well ,machinery4 ,pierce ,well ,excavator ,co4 xiii ,artists' ,materials4 ,f4 ,w4 ,devoe ,co4 vii ,asphalt ,paint and ,cement4 ,m4 ,ehret1 ,jr41 ,co4 cover iv ,warren ,chemical and ,mfg4 ,co4 vii ,asbestos4 ,asbestos ,packing ,co4 cover ii ,h4 ,w4 ,johns ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,automatic ,air ,valves4 ,thos4 ,l4 ,mc,keen ii ,balusters1 ,stair ,rails1 ,etc4 ,the ,standard ,wood ,turning ,co4 iv ,anderson ,dickey iv ,band ,instruments4 ,lyon ,healy ii ,bath ,tub1 ,tile ,lined4 ,sharpless ,watts4 ii ,black ,varnish4 ,m4 ,ehret1 ,jr41 ,co4 cover iv ,boiler ,coverings4 ,asbestos ,packing ,co4 cover ii ,m4 ,ehret1 ,jr41 ,co4 cover iv ,shields ,brown viii ,h4 ,w4 ,johns ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,jas4 ,f4 ,wood ,co4 i ,booksellers and ,publishers4 ,decorator and ,furnisher ix ,wm4 ,t4 ,comstock iv ,j4 ,b4 ,lippincott ,co4 vi ,ticknor ,co4 vi ,brass ,goods4 ,c4 ,h4 ,besly ,co4 ii ,brica,brac4 ,thackara ,sons ,co4 ix ,brick4 ,jas4 ,h4 ,beggs ,co4 ii ,chicago ,anderson ,pressed ,brick ,co4 ii ,brick ,machinery4 ,chambers1 ,bro4 ,co4 iii ,henry ,martin v ,builders' ,hardware4 ,orr ,lockett cover iii ,building ,paper1 ,felt1 ,etc4 ,asbestos ,packing ,co4 cover ii ,m4 ,ehret1 ,jr41 ,co4 cover iv ,warren,ehret ,co4 cover iii ,warren ,chemical and ,mfg4 ,co4 vii ,h4 ,f4 ,watson viii ,builders' ,scroll ,saw4 ,w4 ,f4 ,j4 ,barnes ,co4 ii ,building ,plans and ,specifications4 ,munn ,co4 vi ,cabinet ,woods and ,veneers4 ,j4 ,rayner vii ,cables4 ,standard ,underground ,cable ,co4 i ,calipers4 ,chandler ,farquhar viii ,carbolate of ,lime4 ,m4 ,ehret1 ,jr41 ,co4 cover v ,carpenters' ,machinery4 ,fred4 ,a4 ,rich iv ,carpenters' ,tools4 ,stanley ,rule and ,level ,co4 cover ii ,carpet ,lining4 ,warren,ehret ,co4 cover iii ,h4 ,f4 ,watson viii ,cements4 ,h4 ,w4 ,johns ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,m4 ,ehret1 ,jr41 ,co4 cover iv ,chandeliers4 ,j4 ,p4 ,frink ii ,thackara ,sons ,co4 ix ,clapboard ,marker4 ,stanley ,rule ,level ,co4 cover ii ,color ,grinders4 ,wm4 ,t4 ,lindeman ,co4 cover iii ,combination ,square4 ,l4 ,s4 ,starrett v ,contractor and ,builder4 ,allen ,b4 ,rorke v ,copying ,process4 ,autocopyist ,co4 viii ,cordage4 ,j4 ,p4 ,tolman ,co4 cover ii ,covering for ,steam1 ,gas1 and ,water ,pipes4 ,m4 ,ehret1 ,jr41 ,co4 cover iv ,h4 ,w4 ,johns ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,shields ,brown viii ,western ,mineral ,wool ,co4 xii ,jas4 ,f4 ,wood ,co4 i ,creosote ,wood ,stains for ,shingles1 ,etc4 ,samuel ,cabot ii ,cutter ,heads4 ,sam'l ,j4 ,shimer iv ,desks and ,office ,furniture4 ,t4 ,g4 ,sellew cover ii ,door ,hangers4 ,syracuse ,bolt ,co4 viii ,door ,plates4 ,j4 ,m4 ,stutzman iii ,draftsman' ,adjustable ,curve ,ruler4 ,frank ,w4 ,davenport v ,draw ,knife ,chamferer4 ,j4 ,h4 ,hoague viii ,drawing ,instruments1 ,etc4 ,g4 ,s4 ,woolman xii ,l4 ,manasse ii ,drilling ,tools and ,machinery4 ,c4 ,h4 ,besly ,co4 ii ,dumb ,waiter ,fixtures4 ,the ,edward ,storm ,spring ,co4 xi ,edge ,tools4 ,fayette ,r4 ,plumb cover iv ,electric ,conductors and ,cables4 ,standard ,underground ,cable ,co4 i ,electric ,lights4 ,brush ,electric ,co4 cover ii ,the ,thomson,houston ,electric ,co4 cover iii ,electrical ,supplies4 ,shaw ,geary cover iv ,elevators4 ,l4 ,s4 ,graves ,co4 v ,howard ,iron ,works4 v ,morse1 ,williams ,co4 v ,end ,wood ,mosaic4 ,wood,mosaic ,co4 cover iii ,engines and ,boilers4 ,c4 ,p4 ,willard ,co4 viii ,engineers' ,supplies4 ,l4 ,manasse ii ,feed ,water ,boiler and ,purifier4 ,wm4 ,baragwanath ,son xii ,feed ,water ,heaters4 ,stewart ,heater ,co4 cover ii ,fire ,brick4 ,henry ,maurer ,son iii ,fireproof ,building ,materials4 ,henry ,maurer ,son iii ,fireproofing ,material4 ,asbestos ,packing ,co4 cover ii ,h4 ,w4 ,johns ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,foot and ,hand ,power ,machinery4 ,w4 ,f4 ,j4 ,barnes ,co4 ii ,c4 ,e4 ,little ii ,fred4 ,a4 ,rich iv ,seneca ,falls ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,furnaces4 ,abram ,cox ,stove ,co4 cover iii ,job ,bartlett's ,sons ix ,hull1 ,grippen ,co4 ix ,e4 ,a4 ,jackson ,bro4 cover ii ,m4 ,h4 ,jacobs' ,furnace ,co4 x ,klein ,furnace ,co4 i ,leibrandt ,mc,dowell ,stove ,co4 i ,omega ,stove ,grate ,co4 xii ,j4 ,f4 ,pease ,furnace ,co4 x ,j4 ,reynolds ,son v ,schoen ,heater and ,stove ,co4 ix ,thomas1 ,roberts1 ,stevenson ,co4 cover iii ,gas ,engines4 ,economic ,motor ,co4 cover ii ,williams ,orton ,mfg4 ,co4 iv ,gas ,fires4 ,h4 ,p4 ,dixon ,co4 cover iv ,gas ,fixtures4 ,thackara ,sons ,co4 ix ,gas and ,water ,pipes4 ,gloucester ,iron ,works v ,glass--,plate4 ,gillinder ,sons cover iii ,pittsburg ,plate ,glass ,co4 xii ,p4 ,semmer ,co4 iii ,glass 7,stained and ,mosaic74 ,bray ,breck iii ,alfred ,godwin cover iv ,gillinder ,sons cover iii ,keystone ,stained ,glass ,works ix ,tiffany ,glass ,co4 vi ,glaziers' ,diamonds1 ,etc4 ,gillinder ,sons cover iii ,glue4 ,f4 ,w4 ,thurston ,co4 vii ,greenhouse ,boilers4 ,peter ,devine ii ,hitchings ,co4 vii ,ground ,rough ,glass for ,floors1 ,etc4 ,pittsburg ,plate ,glass ,co4 xii ,hack ,saws4 ,miller's ,falls ,co4 cover ii ,hammers4 ,fayette ,r4 ,plumb cover iv ,hand ,sawing ,machines4 ,w4 ,f4 ,j4 ,barnes ,co4 ii ,hardwood ,floors4 ,wood,mosaic ,co4 cover iii ,heating ,apparatus4 ,abram ,cox ,stove ,co4 cover iii ,job ,bartlett's ,sons ix ,wilmot ,castle ,co4 xi ,duplex ,steam ,heater ,co4 xi ,e4 ,n4 ,gates xi ,globe ,steam ,heater ,co4 ix ,hitchings ,co4 vii ,hull1 ,grippen ,co4 ix ,e4 ,a4 ,jackson ,bro4 cover ii ,m4 ,h4 ,jacobs' ,furnace ,co4 x ,klein ,furnace ,co4 i ,leibrandt ,mc,dowell ,stove ,co4 i ,d4 ,mershon's ,sons xii ,omega ,stove ,grate ,co4 xii ,j4 ,f4 ,pease ,furnace ,co4 x ,pierce1 ,butler ,pierce ix ,j4 ,reynolds ,son v ,schoen ,heater and ,stove ,co4 ix ,thomas1 ,roberts1 ,stevenson ,co4 cover iii ,weir ,nixon xii ,woodcock ,co4 x ,iron ,work for ,building ,purposes4 ,cheney ,hewlett viii ,manly ,cooper ,mfg4 ,co4 viii ,j4 ,s4 ,thorn viii ,leather ,belting4 ,page ,belting ,co4 iii ,leveling ,instruments4 ,john ,w4 ,harmon ii ,liquid ,glue4 ,russia ,cement ,co4 v ,lithographers4 ,schumacher ,ettlinger cover ii ,lumber4 ,i4 ,g4 ,jenkins vii ,lumber ,drying4 ,hayden ,bros4 iii ,machinists' ,supplies4 ,chandler ,farquhar viii ,mahogany and ,veneers4 ,hayden ,bros4 iii ,j4 ,rayner vii ,mail ,chutes4 ,the ,cutler ,mfg4 ,co4 cover ii ,mantels1 ,grates1 ,fire ,places1 ,etc4 ,e4 ,j4 ,johnson vii ,masons' and ,builders' ,supplies4 ,s4 ,bowen's ,sons viii ,s4 ,h4 ,french ,co4 viii ,mathematical ,instruments4 ,f4 ,w4 ,devoe ,co4 vii ,metallic ,roofing ,tiles and ,shingles4 ,gummey1 ,spering1 ,ingram ,co4 cover iv ,national ,sheet ,metal ,roofing ,co4 xiii ,thorn ,shingle and ,ornament ,co4 iii ,mineral ,wool4 ,western ,mineral ,wool ,co4 xii ,mortar ,colors4 ,s4 ,bowen's ,sons viii ,s4 ,h4 ,french ,co4 viii 8,new ,flint ,glass ,ornamental ,tile40 ,gillinder ,sons cover iii ,office and ,bank ,fittings4 ,a4 ,h4 ,andrews ,co4 ii ,organs4 ,d4 ,f4 ,beatty vii ,ornamental ,brick4 ,jas4 ,h4 ,beggs ,co4 ii ,chicago ,anderson ,pressed ,brick ,co4 ii ,ornamental ,glass ,work4 ,c4 ,h4 ,postel ,co4 cover iv ,the ,western ,sand ,blast ,co4 iii ,ornamental ,iron ,work4 ,manly ,cooper ,mfg4 ,co4 viii ,ornamental ,rustic ,work4 ,john ,wheeler v ,packing ,materials4 ,asbestos ,packing ,co4 cover ii ,paints4 ,the ,chilton ,mfg4 ,co4 viii ,f4 ,w4 ,devoe ,co4 vii ,eureka ,color ,works cover iv ,s4 ,h4 ,french ,co4 viii ,h4 ,w4 ,johns ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,wm4 ,t4 ,lindeman ,co4 cover iii ,w4 ,h4 ,stewart ii ,f4 ,w4 ,thurston ,co4 vii ,parquet ,floors4 ,the ,butcher ,flooring ,co4 iv ,j4 ,dunfee ,co4 v ,wood,mosaic ,co4 cover iii ,pavement ,lights4 ,manly ,cooper ,mfg4 ,co4 viii ,photographic ,outfits4 ,e4 ,h4 ,t4 ,anthony ,co4 ii ,pianos4 ,marchal ,smith vii ,planing ,mill ,machinery4 ,hoyt ,bro4 ,mfg4 ,co4 viii ,polished ,plate ,glass4 ,pittsburgh ,plate ,glass ,co4 xii ,porous ,terra ,cotta4 ,henry ,maurer ,son iii ,porous ,earthenware4 ,henry ,maurer ,son iii ,poultry ,yard ,appliances4 ,s4 ,s4 ,bent ,son viii ,prepared ,roofing4 ,m4 ,ehret1 ,jr41 ,co4 cover iv ,h4 ,f4 ,watson viii ,pressed ,brick4 ,jas4 ,h4 ,beggs ,co4 ii ,chicago ,anderson ,pressed ,brick ,co4 ii ,pumps4 ,goulds ,mfg4 ,co4 cover iv ,pumping ,engines4 ,economic ,motor ,co4 cover ii ,radiators4 ,wilmot ,castle ,co4 xi ,railing ,iron4 ,manly ,cooper ,mfg4 ,co4 viii ,railway and ,steam ,fitters' ,supplies4 ,fayette ,r4 ,plumb cover iv ,recording ,thermometer4 ,the ,draper ,mfg4 ,co4 xii ,reducing ,valve4 ,mason ,regulator ,co4 iv ,reflectors4 ,j4 ,p4 ,frink ii ,refrigerators4 ,f4 ,w4 ,lockwood xii ,roof ,snow ,guards4 ,john ,h4 ,hiller cover ii ,roofing4 ,asbestos ,packing ,co4 cover ii ,m4 ,ehret4 ,jr41 ,co4 cover iv ,h4 ,w4 ,johns ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,w4 ,h4 ,stewart ii ,warren,ehret ,co4 cover iii ,warren ,chemical ,mfg4 ,co4 vii ,h4 ,f4 ,watson viii ,roofing ,slate4 ,e4 ,j4 ,johnson vii ,the ,american ,bangor ,slate ,co4 iv ,the ,old ,bangor ,slate ,co4 vi ,roofing ,tin4 ,gummey1 ,spering1 ,ingram ,co4 xi cover iv ,merchant ,co4 cover iv ,n4 ,g4 ,taylor ,co4 cover iv ,roofing and ,wall ,tiles4 ,the ,national ,sheet,metal ,roofing ,co4 xiii ,thorn ,shingle and ,ornament ,co4 iii ,sandstone4 ,cleveland ,stone ,co4 viii ,sand ,blast and ,embossed ,railroad ,glass4 ,the ,western ,sand ,blast ,co4 iii ,sash ,balance4 ,pullman ,sash ,balance ,co4 iv ,sash ,cord4 ,j4 ,p4 ,tolman ,co4 cover ii ,sash ,lock and ,ventilator4 ,i4 ,g4 ,jenkins vii ,saws4 ,emerson1 ,smith ,co4 xiv ,seneca ,falls ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,scroll ,saws and ,tools4 ,w4 ,f4 ,j4 ,barnes ,co4 ii ,fred4 ,a4 ,rich iv ,seneca ,falls ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,shade ,roller4 ,cushman ,bros4 ,co4 ii ,shaking ,grate4 ,d4 ,mershon's ,sons xii ,woodcock ,co4 xi ,sheathing ,lath4 ,i4 ,g4 ,jenkins vii ,shellac4 ,f4 ,w4 ,thurston ,co4 vii ,shingles 7,wood74 ,i4 ,g4 ,jenkins vii ,shingle ,stains4 ,sam'l ,cabot ii ,dexter ,bros4 i ,shutter ,worker4 ,f4 ,b4 ,mallory iii ,skylights4 ,g4 ,hayes v ,j4 ,s4 ,thorn viii ,sliding ,blinds4 ,wm4 ,willer ii ,stable ,fittings and ,fixtures4 ,s4 ,s4 ,bent ,son viii ,stained ,glass ,substitute4 ,w4 ,c4 ,young cover iii ,stair ,iron4 ,manly ,cooper ,mfg4 ,co4 viii ,steel ,alphabets1 ,stencil ,cutting1 ,etc4 ,j4 ,m4 ,stutzman iii ,taps and ,dies4 ,wiley ,russell ,mfg4 ,co4 iii ,tinting ,colors4 ,eureka ,color ,works cover iv ,tools and ,foot ,power ,machinery4 ,c4 ,e4 ,little ii ,seneca ,falls ,mfg4 ,co4 ii ,fayette ,r4 ,plumb cover iv ,tower ,ornaments1 ,finials1 ,etc4 ,thos4 ,w4 ,jones i ,underground ,cable4 ,standard ,underground ,cable ,co4 i ,valves and ,hydrants4 ,gloucester ,iron ,works v ,varnish4 ,f4 ,w4 ,devoe ,co4 vii ,wm4 ,t4 ,lindeman ,co4 cover iii ,standard ,varnish ,works viii ,f4 ,w4 ,thurston ,co4 vii ,vault ,lights4 ,manly ,cooper ,mfg4 ,co4 viii ,ventilating and ,exhaust ,fans4 ,geo4 ,p4 ,clark iii ,ventilators4 ,t4 ,t4 ,cohen v ,merchant ,co4 ii ,violin ,outfits4 ,c4 ,w4 ,story vii ,wall ,plaster4 ,adamant ,mfg4 ,co4 vii ,water ,pressure ,regulators4 ,h4 ,mueller ,sons i ,weather ,strips4 ,j4 ,dunfee ,co4 v ,richmond ,weather ,strip ,co4 iii ,weather ,vanes4 ,thos4 ,w4 ,jones i ,well ,tools4 ,american ,well ,works viii ,window ,sash ,cord4 ,j4 ,p4 ,tolman ,co4 cover ii ,window ,shadings4 ,oswego ,shade ,cloth ,co4 cover iv ,wood ,carpet4 ,j4 ,dunfee ,co4 v ,wood,mosaic ,co4 cover iii ,wood ,filler4 ,bridgeport ,wood ,finishing ,co4 viii ,f4 ,w4 ,devoe ,co4 vii ,wm4 ,t4 ,lindeman ,co4 cover iii ,d4 ,rosenberg ,sons viii ,f4 ,w4 ,thurston ,co4 vii ,woodworking ,machinery4 ,connell ,dengler iii ,e4 ,f4 ,gleason cover iv ,goodell ,waters v ,hoyt ,bro4 viii ,c4 ,b4 ,rogers ,co4 iv ,rollstone ,machine ,co4 iii ,samuel ,j4 ,shimer iv ,wrenches4 ,geo4 ,w4 ,marble i ,illustration3 ,,scientific ,,american ,,architects ,,and ,,builders ,,edition4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,july-,,december1 #ahhg4 ,,munn ,,co41 ,,publishers1 ,no4 #cfa ,broadway1 ,new ,york4 ,illustration3 ,,index4 ,,volume ,,iv4--,,july,,december1 #ahhg4 ,articles ,marked 99 are ,illustrated4 ,,colored ,,plates4 ,i4 ,a ,cottage for #b1ejj4 ,a residence in ,kansas ,city4 ,with large plate of details drawn to a scale4 ,july4 ,,ii4 ,a #d1jjj cottage4 ,a #a1djj double house4 ,with plate of details drawn to a scale4 ,august4 ,,iii4 ,a ,southern residence of moderate cost4 ,a #a1bjj cottage4 ,with plate of details drawn to a scale4 ,september4 ,,iv4 ,a residence of moderate cost4 ,a country store and flat4 ,with plate of details drawn to a scale4 ,october4 ,v4 ,city frame houses of moderate cost4 ,a #b1ejj dwelling4 ,with plate of details drawn to a scale4 ,november4 ,,vi4 ,a dwelling of moderate cost4 ,a suburban residence4 ,with large plate of details drawn to a scale4 ,december4 ,,miscellany4 ,figures preceded by a star 7997 refer to illustrated articles4 ,a ,adulteration of flour1 #dd ,africa1 industries in1 #ga ,air filter1 99#bc ,antiquarian discovery1 #bd ,arch1 construction of1 #aca ,apartment house1 ,mortimer1 #aba ,arch1 ,roman1 99#af ,architects1 women as1 #f ,architecture1 design in1 #ajj ,architecture1 mud1 in ,persia1 #da ,architecture1 naval1 #di ,architecture1 school house1 99#aje ,architectural era1 the1 #abi ,artist's house1 99#ah ,ash1 white1 the1 #abe ,asphalt1 artificial1 #dg ,b ,bamboo tree1 #abc ,bank building1 design1 99#fi ,basswood1 #db ,bathing establishment1 99#acd ,beams1 iron vs4 wood1 #acc ,bearings1 to obtain1 #gj ,bed room decoration1 #ej ,bell1 largest known1 #fi ,bell1 ,shaw ,gray1 99#gh ,bevel1 improved1 99#di ,birthplace of ,james ,watt1 99#aba ,blacksmith's epitaph1 #ah ,blinds1 #ia ,blistering1 #dg ,bloomfield1 ,c4 ,c41 residence1 99#gb ,board1 sounding1 ,st4 ,paul's1 #adb ,boiler1 ,auburn1 99#ajj ,boilers1 removing grease from1 #fa ,bourse1 at ,havre1 99#aj ,brick and brickwork1 cost1 #hc ,brick dust cement1 #fi ,bricks1 ,gladstone1 #gh ,brick making1 ,chinese1 #ic ,bricks1 fire1 #abf ,bridge1 ,britannia1 #g ,bridges1 temporary1 99#eb ,broiler farm1 ,howe1 99#bc ,buffet in walnut1 99#if ,builders1 items for1 #ca ,building1 a great1 #adj ,building1 ,mr4 ,gunther's1 #de ,building1 regulation of1 #h ,building1 ,young ,men's ,assoc41 99#bd ,c ,california house1 #b1ejj1 99#abh ,camera clamp1 99#aj ,candle grease1 to remove1 #i ,car load1 ,american1 #cb ,car wheels1 paper1 #df ,carpet1 wood1 #gj ,carriages1 sound in1 #aji ,carved work1 99#dc ,casino in ,vittel1 99#acd ,cathedral of ,notre ,dame1 99#ba ,cedar pavements1 #abg ,cedar shingles1 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,offices3 #agh ,devonshire ,st41 ,,boston4 ,western ,offices3 ,pullman ,building1 ,,chicago4 ,,wm4 ,t4 ,,lindeman ,,co4 #adjj and #adjb ,frankford ,avenue1 ,philadelphia1 ,color ,grinders4 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,mahogany1 ,cherry1 and ,walnut ,stains1 ,philadelphia ,flat ,brick ,red1 ,outside ,hard ,wood ,finish1 ,philadelphia ,iron ,filler and ,steel ,color ,paint1 ,philadelphia ,hard ,wood ,filler4 ---- ,,agents ,,for ---- ,boston ,wax ,floor ,polish1 ,bigelow's ,varnishes1 ,cabot's ,creosote ,stains1 ,d4 ,b4 ,crockett's 8,preservative0 and 8,spar ,composition40 ,,floors ,end,wood a ,specialty4 ,parquetry1 ,wood ,carpet4 ,fine ,hardwood ,floors of every approved kind4 ,,end,,wood ,,mosaic is the most perfect and durable floor covering ever made of wood4 ,,catalogue ,,free4 ,,sample ,,by ,,mail1 ,,four ,,cents4 ,,manufactured ,,by ,,wood,,mosaic ,,co41 ,office and ,works1 #cah ,,scio ,,st41 ,,rochester1 ,n4 ,y4 ,salesroom1 #cba ,,fifth ,,ave41 ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,,the ,,novelty ,,hot ,,air ,,furnace1 ,illustration3 ,hot ,air ,furnace4 ,,fire ,,tested ,,and ,,indestructible4 ,tens of thousands in use4 ,all in good repair4 ,thirteen ,years of ,public ,service4 ,universally ,satisfactory4 ,its wonderful merit has established its reputation4 8,par excellence10 wherever used4 ,illustration3 ,hot ,air ,furnace4 ,it is the original and only possible perfect three drum construction4 ,our ,patents prevent the use of the essential and truly excellent features4 ,base imitations1 avoiding our ,patents1 exist4 ,do not fail to specify the ,,novelty and be sure you get it4 ,,get ,,descriptive ,,pamphlet4 ,,abram ,,cox ,,stove ,,co41 ,,experts ,,and ,,specialists in the manufacture of ,,heating ,,engineers' ,,supplies4 ,,philadelphia4 ,,chicago4 ,,orr ,,lockett1 #ahd #ahf ,clark ,street1 ,chicago1 ,,builders' ,,hardware ,,of ,,every ,,description4 ,we are ,sole ,chicago ,agents for ,geer's ,spring ,hinge1 ,norton ,door ,check and ,spring1 ,dudley ,shutter,worker1 ,,and ,,several ,,other ,,specialties4 ,the following are some of the fine ,public and ,office ,buildings furnished by us3 ,first ,national ,bank ,building2 ,montauk ,block2 ,pullman ,offices and ,flats2 ,c41 ,b4 and ,q4 ,office ,building2 ,grand ,trunk ,depot and ,offices2 ,new ,board of ,trade2 ,home ,insurance ,building2 ,insurance ,exchange2 ,traders2 ,clark and ,counselman ,buildings2 and ,new ,union ,league ,club ,buildings1 of this city2 the ,atchison ,topeka and ,santa ,f ,offices of ,topeka1 ,kansas2 the ,burlington1 ,cedar ,rapids and ,northern ,r4 ,r4 ,offices1 at ,cedar ,rapids1 ,iowa2 and the ,george ,spencer ,office ,buildings1 at ,duluth1 ,minn4 ,,correspondence ,,solicited4 ,,satisfaction ,,guaranteed4 ,,gillinder ,,sons1 #gbj ,,arch ,,street1 -- ,,philadelphia4 ,,importers ,,and ,,dealers ,,in ,,french and ,,american ,plate ,glass1 ,looking ,glass ,plates1 ,enameled1 ,colored1 ,cathedral1 ,,and other ,ornamental ,glass4 ,glaziers' ,diamonds4 ,pure ,putty1 ,points1 etc4 ,illustration3 ,ornate ,window4 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,franklin ,window ,glass1 ,equal to ,foreign ,brands4 ,also ,manufacturers ,,of ,,the 8,new ,flint ,glass ,ornamental ,tile40 --,,for-- ,windows in ,cars and ,dwellings1 ,,of ,unequaled ,brilliancy4 7,,see ,,cut47 ,catalogues and ,estimates furnished on application4 ,beautiful ,lasting for ,,ornamenting ,,windows1 ,,doors1 ,,transoms1 c4 ,illustration3 ,stained ,glass ,substitute ,,at ,,small ,,cost4 ,send for ,illustrated ,catalogue and ,prices4 ,samples by mail #be cents4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,young ,,sole ,,agent1 #gcc ,,arch ,,st4 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,agents ,,wanted ,,everywhere4 ,warren,ehret ,company ,,building ,,and ,,sheathing ,,papers1 ,,complete ,,ready ,,roofing1 --,,and-- ,,carpet ,,linings1 #dbh ,,market ,,street1 ,,philadelphia4 ,popular ,fortune ,hot ,air ,furnace ,,four ,,sizes--,nos4 #be1 #bh1 #cb1 and #cf4 ,,best ,,furnace ,,known ,,for ,,heating ,,dwellings4 ,,economical1 ,,durable1 ,,and ,,cheap4 ,,improved ,,dust ,,flue1 ,,large ,,radiation4 ,illustration3 ,hot ,air ,furnace4 ,having repeated inquiries for a ,,hot ,,air ,,furnace combining all the good elements of a firstclass furnace1 with the ,,fancy ,,frills left off1 that could be put up at a ,,moderate ,,price1 induced us to make the 8,,popular ,,fortune10 sales of which1 and the satisfaction rendered1 have proven it to be just the furnace wanted1 specially for ,suburban ,houses4 ,write for circular and prices4 ,,manufacturers1 ,thomas1 ,roberts1 ,stevenson ,co41 ,,philadelphia4 ,the ,,best ,roofing ,tin is the ,,cheapest6 ,but how are you to know that you get the quality and brand wanted8 ,because every ,,perfect ,,sheet of the following three extra fine guaranteed brands of ,roofing ,,tin ,,is ,,stamped at the works with the name of the brand and the thickness4 ,please note this4 8,old ,style40 ,extra ,heavily ,coated4 ,the ,best ,made4 8,westminster40 ,redipped4 ,made from ,heavy ,iron4 ,,cookley ,k ,highest ,grade of ,heavy ,regular ,coated4 ,,every ,,box ,,is ,,guaranteed4 ,sample pieces of the ,tin1 also circulars and full information given4 ,n4 ,g4 ,,taylor ,,co4 ,established #ahaj4 #ggth year4 ,,philadelphia4 ,prepared ,roofing ,,best1 ,,cheapest1 ,,most ,,durable4 ,illustration3 ,,ehret',s ,,black ,,diamond ,,prepared ,,roofing ,,anybody ,,can ,,put ,,it ,,on4 ,,easily ,,handled4 ,,put ,,up ,,in ,,rolls ,,of #ajj ,,square ,,feet4 ,send for ,latest ,circular1 ,price ,list1 etc4 ,,manufactured ,,by ,m4 ,,ehret1 ,jr41 ,,co41 ,,philadelphia1 #dbc ,walnut ,street4 ,,st4 ,,louis1 #aac ,north #hth ,street4 ,,chicago1 #ej ,dearborn ,street4 ,ornamental ,glass ,works4 ,,embossed ,glass1 ,new ,designs4 ,memorial ,,windows4 ,,special ,,work4 ,brass ,signs ,,and ,memorials4 ,sample of work on ,exhibition at #ad ,vesey ,st41 ,n4 ,y4 ,,designs and ,,estimates ,,furnished4 ,work as ,reference1 ,union ,news ,co41 ,pennsylvania ,railroad1 ,pennsylvania ,university4 ,c4 ,h4 ,,postel ,,co41 #acad ,,ridge ,,avenue4 ,,branch ,,office3 #ebg ,,arch ,,st41 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,tinting ,,colors ,,strictly ,,pure4 ,for ,painters' and ,builders' ,use4 ,cannot be excelled for ,,purity and ,,fineness4 ,,manufactured ,,by ,,edw4 ,e4 ,,jillard1 ,,eureka ,,color ,,works1 #afde ,,north ,,tenth ,,street1 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,,wood ,,mantels4 ,,interior ,,decorations1 ,,artistic ,,furniture1 ,,designed ,,and ,,manufactured ,,by ,,geo4 ,w4 ,,smith ,,co41 #cijg to #ciai ,powelton ,avenue1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,fayette ,r4 ,,plumb1 ,successor to ,,yerkes ,,plumb1 ,manufacturer of ,hammers1 ,edge ,tools1 ,sledges1 ,blacksmith and ,railroad ,tools4 ,,main ,,office and ,,works3 ,,penn4 ,r4 ,r41 ,,tucker ,,and ,,james ,,streets1 ,,philadelphia1 ,,pa4 ,architects1 ,roofers1 ,builders4 8,alderly0 and 8,penn0 ,old ,method ,roofing ,plates ,,the ,,two ,,best ,,brands ,,of ,,guaranteed ,,roofing ,,plates4 ,,there ,,are ,,no ,,other ,,brands ,,equal ,,to ,,these ,,plates4 ,,alderly ,made of ,siemens,martin ,soft ,steel1 same as ,old ,style ,plates4 ,next in ,quality1 of ,standard ,weight1 ,perfectly ,square1 ,perfectly ,assorted4 ,true to ,gauge4 ,we carry in ,stock1 ,stamped and ,unstamped4 8,,penn0 ,,old ,,method ,treble ,coated ,roofing ,plate4 ,,guaranteed to stand any test demanded4 ,guaranteed to be heavier coated than any other plate1 each box1 #ad #bj contains #bj lbs41 and #bh #bj contains #dj lbs4 ,guaranteed to have all the ,coating that it is possible for any plate to hold4 ,guaranteed ,rolled true to ,gauge4 ,absolutely perfect in every respect4 ,guaranteed to last longer on ,roof without being painted than any other ,old ,style ,plate4 ,guaranteed sheets perfectly square and flat4 ,both ,,ic and ,,ix1 all strapped with iron4 ,,sole ,,manufacturers of the 8,,patten0 ,,metallic ,,roofing ,,shingles4 ,,gummey1 ,,spering1 ,,ingram ,,co41 ,philadelphia--,liverpool4 ,,stained ,,glass ,for ,churches and ,private ,dwellings1 etc4 ,,jeweled ,,mosaics4 ,illustrated ,catalogues ,free4 ,,alfred ,,godwin1 #abja ,market ,street1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,,wood ,,working ,,machinery4 ,band ,saws1 ,jointers1 ,pony ,planers1 ,shapers4 ,,special ,,for ,,carpenters ,,and ,,builders4 ,e4 ,f4 ,,gleason1 #bej ,susquehanna ,avenue1 ,philadelphia1 ,pa4 ,the 8,gilbertson's ,old ,method0 is the only brand of ,dipped ,plates of which the makers have notified consumers--through a letter published by us some time since--that they would send ,,no ,,wasters ,,to ,,this ,,country4 ,,sheets that are ,,guaranteed and ,,stamped are the only protection to the ,architect1 ,owner1 and ,roofer1 against dishonest competition and the ,,use ,,of ,,inferior ,,material4 ----,,merchant ,,co41---- #ebe ,arch ,st41 ,,philadelphia4 #i ,burling ,slip1 ,,new ,,york4 #bjb ,lake ,st41 ,,chicago4 ,no4 #a ,metal ,exchange ,buildings1 ,,london1 ,e4 ,c4 ,,gas ,,fires ,resembling ,wood or ,coal4 ,burning ,natural or ,manufactured ,gas4 ,illustration3 ,log ,effect ,fire4 ,,henry ,p4 ,,dixon ,,co41 ,manufacturers1 #accj ,chestnut ,st41 ,phila41 ,pa4 ,,shaw ,,geary1 ,illustration3 ,electric ,bell4 ,,manufacturers ,,dealers ,,electrical ,,appliances4 #ec ,no4 ,seventh ,st41 ,,philadelphia4 ,illustration3 ,,chouaguen1 ,,trade ,,mark ,,opaqued ,,hollands4 ,in ordering your ,window ,shadings specify 8,,chouaguen40 ,,and ,,take ,,no ,,other4 ,see ,trade ,mark4 ,are the ,best ,finished1 ,most ,uniform1 and ,most ,durable ,goods made4 ,,enquire ,,of ,,any ,,dealer4 ,illustration3 ,the ,goulds ,mfg4 ,co4 ,,manufacturers ,,of ,,pumps ,,for ,,hand ,,and ,,power ,,use ,,in ,,and ,,about ,,private ,,residences ,,send ,,for ,,new ,,no4 #aj ,,catalogue ,,address ,,seneca ,,falls1 ,n4 ,y4 #fj ,,barclay ,,st4 ,,new ,,york ,illustration3 ,a ,,dwelling ,,of ,,moderate ,,cost ,illustration3 ,plan of ,first ,floor4 ,illustration3 ,plan of ,second ,floor4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,suburban ,,residence ,illustration3 ,plan of ,first ,floor4 ,illustration3 ,plan of ,second ,floor4