file :i* includes ! orig9al illu/rations4 ,see #ejhfd-;h4htm or #ejhfd-;h4zip3 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/ca*e_/epub_/ #ejhfd_/pg#ejhfd-;images4html7 or 7https3_/_/www4gut5b]g4org_/files_/#ejhf d_/ejhfd-;h4zip7 ,images ( ! orig9al pages are available ?r\gh ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,see https3_/_/ar*ive4org_/details_//ory(tele graph#jjmurr ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,telegraph ,a ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,telegraph by ,,john ,,murray ,montreal ,illu/ration ,montreal3 ,pr9t$ by ,john ,lovell ,son1 ,ltd4 #aije ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 9 ! ye> "o ?\s& n9e hundr$ & five1 by ,,john ,,murray1 9 ! (fice ( ! ,m9i/] ( ,agriculture & ,/ati/ics1 at ,ottawa4 ,,preface4 ,! compil] ( ?is little comp5dium ( ,telegraph ,hi/ory places x 9 ! h&s ( ! public 9 ! hope t x may be receiv$ ) favor4 ,! hi/orical data is tak5 f lead+ /&>d au?orities4 ,! biographical sket*es ( em95t sci5ti/s & inv5tors w enable ! read] to =m 8 own conclusions z to ! m]its ( ea*4 ,! sket*es ( prom95t pione] telegraph m5 9 ,canada %\ld be especially int]e/+ to ,canadians4 ,_m names wor?y ( m5tion h be5 reluctantly omitt$1 z x 0 ?\ght desirable to conf9e ?is initial "w into z n>r[ a compass z possible4 ,a m ext5d$ edition may be =?com+ lat] %\ld ?is v5ture prove successful4 ,! few rem9isc5t incid5ts 9 ! ,canadian section w l5d a spice ( v>iety to ! n>rative4 ,,introduction4 ,! ,electric ,telegraph is unque/ionably "o ( our mo/ valuable public utilities4 ,9 comm]cial life ! telegraph has revolutioniz$ bus9ess me?ods4 ,transactions are n[ effect$ betwe5 ,new ,york1 ,london & o!r f9ancial c5tres 9 m9utes1 :i* =m]ly occupi$ weeks1 & ev5 mon?s1 to accompli%4 ,9 social life ! advantages ( telegraph communication are equally app>5t2 travel :]e we may1 we are always )9 rea* ( fri5ds or k9dr$ at a di/ance by means ( ! telegraph wires4 ,! daily ,press is n[ enabl$ to record ! mov+ accid5ts on flood & field 9 all p>ts ( ! _w1 a few h\rs or ev5 m9utes aft] _! occurr5ce4 ,! dreadful cata/rophe at ,m>t9ique1 ) ! loss ( ?\s&s ( human lives2 ! fire 9 a ,*icago !atre1 & ! loss ( hundr$s ( wom5 & *ildr5 ?r\gh culpable neglig5ce2 ! %ock+ loss ( life on ! excursion /eam] 8,g5]al ,slocum0 ?r\gh lack ( life-sav+ appliances is gruesome read+1 b ! public dem& x2 ! m pleas+ ev5t ( ,k+ ,edw>d's visit to ,presid5t ,l\bet1 on 8 mission ( ,peace1 & ! return visit ( ! latt] to ,london are a few examples ( news c>ri$ ov] ! wires1 all )9 ! purview ( ! humble/ read]4 ,!re are few :o _c af=d ! price ( a daily pap]1 & ?us keep 9 t\* ) curr5t ev5ts1 b no v long "t ago a daily newspap] 0 beyond ! rea* ( all b ! comp>atively weal?y4 ,! adv5t ( ! telegraph ) its multif>i\s budget ( news f e qu>t] ( ! ,globe caus$ a l>ge increase 9 circulation1 & a decrease 9 price naturally foll[$4 ,dur+ ! ,crimean w>1 :5 telegraph communication _h be5 e/abli%$ ) ! army headqu>t]s1 ! work+ m5 ( a manufactur+ conc]n ne> ,glasg[1 9 :i* ! writ] 0 employ$1 clubb$ toge!r to defray ! co/ ( a daily newspap]1 ! price !n be+ f\r p5ce halfp5ny1 mu* beyond ! means ( a s+le individual4 ,dur+ ! d9n] h\r he read to an int]e/$ & att5tive audi5ce ! late/ despat*es f ! seat ( w>1 _m ( :om w\ld =ego d9n] r ?an miss ! daily pabulum ( w> news4 ,n[ all ?is is *ang$1 ! poore/ labor+ man c af=d ! price ( a daily pap]1 =m]ly only enjoy$ by 8 m opul5t c\ntrym54 ,/ill e>li]1 ,macaulay1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,engl&1 tells u ( ! news lett]1 ! pr$ecessor ( ! mod]n newspap]1 :]e9 he says3 8,! news lett] )9 a week aft] its arrival _h be5 ?umb$ ov] by tw5ty families1 & furni%$ ! neighbor+ squires ) matt] = talk ov] _! ,octob]1 & ! ,rector ) topics = %>p s]mons40 ,! news lett]s 7 collat$ 9 ,london1 = ! b5efit ( prov9cial read]s4 ,! price 0 no d\bt high1 & ! cont5ts probably consi/$ ( gossip or sc&al 9 high life1 details ( a cock+ ma91 an affair betwe5 my ,"l ,tomnoddy & a ,capta9 ( ! ,blues1 or affairs ( ,*ur* & ,/ate4 ,n[ ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>? is ransack$ daily & news collect$ at imm5se labor & enorm\s co/ by ! associat$ press1 & retransmitt$ to all po9ts ( ! compass4 ,wireless telegraphy1 ! late/ m>vel 9 appli$ sci5ce1 is surely & /eadily =g+ ahead1 & w cov] areas ( l& & sea1 :]e ! l& & cable wires d n op]ate4 ,! writ] feels t no apology is necess>y 9 publi%+ ! foll[+ brief outl9e ( telegraph hi/ory1 a subject :i* he believes w int]e/ bo? ! old z well z y\ng] read]s4 ,! data ( ,engli% telegraph hi/ory is l>gely d]iv$ f an e>ly edition ( ! ,encyclopa$ia ,brittanica1 :ile t ( ! ,am]ican is tak5 f a volum9\s "w publi%$ ab\t a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago1 by ,james ,d4 ,reid1 a fri5d & associate ( ,pr(essor ,morse4 ,! facts relat+ to ,canadian hi/ory are tak5 f orig9al records1 :ile t ( subm>9e & wireless telegraphy is f num]\s s\rces ( contempor>y lit]ature & p]sonal k4 ,:ile admitt+ !re is no?+ /rik+ly orig9al 9 ! "w1 ! writ] v5tures to hope t ! /yle w comm5d itself to ^? :o pref] brevity to we>isome detail4 ,! ,telegraph 9 ,engl&4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,section ,,"o4 ,,page ,,explanatory #aj ,,telegraph1 ,,electric #aa ,,! ,,ne$le ,,telegraph #bb ,,briti% ,,gov]nm5t ,,acquires ,,telegraphs #bi ,,telegraph ,,developm5t #cf ,,sir ,,william ,,fo!rgill ,,cooke #cg ,,sir ,,*>les ,,:eat/one #ci ,! ,telegraph 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,section ,,two4 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,telegraph #dd ,,! ,,magnetic ,,telegraph ,,co4 #fj ,,! ,,we/]n ,,union ,,telegraph ,,co4 #fa ,,! ,,po/al ,,telegraph ,,cable ,,co4 #gd ,,! ,,associat$ ,,press ,,( ,,am]ica #ha ,,pr(4 ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse #hi ,! ,telegraph 9 ,canada4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,section ,,?ree4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,montreal ,,telegraph ,,company #ajh ,,! ,,great ,,nor?-,,we/]n ,,telegraph ,,company #aaf ,,! ,,canadian ,,pacific ,,telegraphs #abj ,,canadian ,,gov]nm5t ,,telegraphs #abc ,,rem>ks #abe ,,rem9isc5t ,,/ories #abf ,,"s ,,prom95t ,,telegraphi/s #afe ,subm>9e ,telegraphy4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,section ,,f\r4 ,,orig9 ,,deep ,,sea ,,telegraphy #aih ,,fir/ ,,cable ,,company #bjg ,,fir/ ,,atlantic ,,cable #baj ,,cable ,,repairs #bac ,,cable ,,in/rum5ts #bah ,,cyrus ,w4 ,,field #bbc ,,mi*ael ,,f>aday #bbh ,,"l ,,kelv9 #bbi ,,john ,w4 ,,brett #bcb ,wireless ,telegraphy4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,section ,,five4 ,,sket* ,,( ,,signor ,,guiglielmo ,,m>coni #bcc ,,g5esis ,,( ,,wireless ,,telegraphy #bce ,,evolution ,,( ,,wireless ,,telegraphy #bcg ,,! ,,m>coni ,,telegraph ,,company #bci ,,wireless ,,telegraph ,,app>atus #bdc ,,op9ion ,,( ,,?os4 ,a4 ,,edison #bde ,a ,,cable ,,manag]',s ,,views #bdf ,,an ,,int]view ,,) ,,m>coni #bdh ,,trip ,,( ,,ss4 8,,m9neapolis0 #beb ,,! ,,disabl$ ,,ss4 8,,kroonl&0 #bec ,,uses ,,( ,,wireless ,,telegraphy #bee ,a ,,newspap] ,,op9ion #bef ,,wireless ,,telegraphy ,,on ,,! ,,ss4 8,,p>isian0 #bfj ,,future ,,( ,,wireless ,,telegraphy #bfd ,,dom9ion ,,wireless ,,telegraph ,,company #bfg ,,illu/rations4 ,,page ,,frontispiece #a ,,pr( ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse #hi ,o4 ,s4 ,,wood #afe ,,sir ,,hugh ,,allan #afg ,,james ,,dak]s #afi ,h4 ,p4 ,,dwight #agb ,,wm4 ,,cassils #agd ,,james ,,p\/ie #agf ,,*>les ,r4 ,,hosm] #agh ,,hon4 ,,geo4 ,a4 ,,cox #ahj ,,sir ,w4 ,c4 ,,van ,,horne #ahb ,,&rew ,,c>negie #ahd ,,sir ,,s&=d ,,flem+ #ahf ,f4 ,n4 ,,gisborne #aij ,,?os4 ,a4 ,,edison #aib ,,isaac ,d4 ,,purkis #aie ,,cyrus ,w4 ,,field #bbc ,,mi*ael ,,f>aday #bbf ,,"l ,,kelv9 #bbi ,,signor ,,m>coni #bcc ,,ss4 ,,p>isian #bfj ,a ,/ory ( ,! ,telegraph ,telegraph ,hi/ory ,telegraph1 a ma*9e = communicat+ intellig5ce to a di/ance1 usually by means ( preconc]t$ signals to :i* "s conv5i5t mean+ is atta*$4 ,! "n ,semiphore 0 also appli$ to "s ( ! ma*9es us$ = effect+ telegraphic communication1 :i* 9 an ext5d$ s5se may be consid]$ to embrace e means ( convey+ intellig5ce by ge/ures & visible signs1 z flags1 lant]ns1 rockets1 blue lights1 beacon fires1 etc41 or by audible signals z ! fir+ ( guns1 ! bl[+ ( trumpets1 ! beat+ ( drums or gongs1 z well z by ! ma*9e specially provid$ = ! purpose4 ,al?\gh telegraph communication z a means ( convey+ any requir$ intellig5ce is an inv5tion ( rec5t date1 ! use ( signals = ! spe$y transmission ( messages z might be previ\sly arrang$ betwe5 p]sons is a practice d]iv$ f ! mo/ remote antiquity4 ,! use ( beacon fires = example1 z a means ( giv+ w>n+ ( ! approa* ( an enemy1 is allud$ to by ! ,prophet ,j]emiah1 :o wrote ab\t six c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian era1 & :o w>ns ! ,b5jamites to set up a sign ( fire 9 ,be?-,hacc]em1 = evil appe>e? out ( ! nor? & great de/ruction 7,j]emiah ,,vi41 #a74 ,! f9e description giv5 by ,ac*ylus 9 8 ,agamemnon1 ( ! application ( a l9e ( fire signals to communicate ! intellig5ce ( ! fall ( ,troy is (t5 ref]r$ to z an e>ly in/ance ( ?is k9d ( telegraphic dispat*4 ,?is simple means ( spread+ an al>m1 or communicat+ intellig5ce1 is describ$ by ,scott 9 ! 8,lay ( ! ,la/ ,m9/rel10 & 9 a note he ref]s to an act ( ! ,scotti% ,p>liam5t 9 #adee1 c4 #dh1 :i* directs t "o bale or faggot %all be ! w>n+ ( ! approa* ( ! ,engli% 9 any mann]1 two bales1 t !y are com+ inde$1 & f\r bales blaz+ beside ea* o!r t ! enemy are 9 great =ce4 ,su* signals ?\gh be/ adapt$ to give in=mation by night1 7 also available 9 day "t1 :5 !y appe>$ z d5se columns ( smoke4 ,tor*es held 9 ! h& & mov$ 9 any p>ticul> mann]1 or alt]nately display$ & hidd5 beh9d a scre51 7 also us$ 9 anci5t times z signals4 ,a night telegraph contriv$ by ! ,rev4 ,james ,bremn]1 ( ! ,%etl& ,isl&s1 & rew>d$ by ! ,society ( ,arts 9 #ahaf4 ,a s+le light con/itutes ! :ole app>atus & ! :ole op]ation consi/s 9 its alt]nate exhibition & concealm5t4 ,?is plan _h be5 f\nd suitable = di/ances ( tw5ty miles & upw>ds1 & _h be5 successfully put 9 op]ation betwe5 ! light-h\se on ,copel& ,isl& & ,port ,patrick1 on ! opposite side ( ! ,iri% ,*annel4 ,telegraph ,electric ,! attempts to r5d] "o or o!r ( ! ph5om5a ( electricity subs]vi5t to ! purposes ( telegraphy h be5 num]\s4 ,f ! e>lie/ date1 :i* we c assign to ! exi/5ce ( an electric telegraph1 its ess5tial p>ts h be5 ! same4 ,!re are3 #a/1 ! s\rce ( electrical p[]2 #bnd1 ! conduct+ mat]ial by :i* ?is p[] is enabl$ to travel to ! requir$ locality2 &1 #crd1 ! app>atus by :i* at ! di/ant end ( ! l9e ! exi/5ce ( ?is p[]1 its am\nt or ! direction ( its action is made kn[n to ! obs]v]4 ,9 ! e>li] /ages ( ! inv5tion1 ! inve/igations ( its promot]s 7 conf9$ to ! la/ ( ^! ?ree ess5tials1 &1 s long z ! illu/ration ( ! idea 0 conf9$ to ! lecture table1 ?is "p claim$ pre-em95ce1 b ) ! propos$ application to purposes ( g5]al utility !re arose ! necessity = an equal degree ( att5tion to ! two =m] requisites4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ,dr4 ,watson1 9 ,engl&1 9 #agdg1 & ( ,frankl91 9 #agdh1 on ! banks ( ! ,s*uylkill riv] may h sugge/$ ! conveyance ( in=mation by means ( electricity4 ,! e>lie/ au!nticat$ in/ance ( any attempt to r$uce ?is to practice appe>s to h be5 t ( ,lesage1 ( ,g5eva1 9 #aggd1 & ( ,lomond1 9 ,france1 9 #aghg1 !y employ$ z an indicator a pair ( pi? balls susp5d$ f "o end ( an insulat$ wire1 & at ! o!r end ( :i* 0 ! op]ator provid$ ) an electric ma*9e1 on *>g+ ! wire ) electricity1 ! pi? balls w\ld ex]cise mutual repulsion & div]g5ce f "o ano!r1 b on remov+ ! electrical *>ge f ! wire by ! contact ( "s conductor ! balls w\ld collapse4 ,x is evid5t t c]ta9 numb]s ( successive div]g5ces might be made to d5ote p>ticul> preconc]t$ signals4 ,subsequ5tly to ?is ! ph5om5a ( ! sp>k1 z se5 on ! passage ( electricity ?r\gh an un9t]rupt$ conductor1 0 us$ = ! transmission ( signals1 7 ! v>i\s lett]s ( ! alphabet =m$ 9 ?is mann] ^u a table & connect$ ) ea* "o ) a di/9ct & insulat$ wire & a p>ticul> lett] might be r5d]$ visible 9 a d>k5$ room by pass+ an electric *>ge ?r\gh ! appropriate wire1 ?is 9 fact con/itut$ ! telegraph ( ,reuss] or ,reis] inv5t$ 9 #agid4 ,retanc\rt & ,dr4 ,salva1 9 #agih1 appe> to h made exp]im5ts on ! transmission ( ! *>ge ?r\gh wires ( great l5g?4 ,a some:at simil> =m ( app>atus involv+ ! same pr9ciple 0 con/ruct$ by arrang+ ! sev]al wires 9 succession ) a s+le break 9 ea*4 ,! v>i\s wires bore ! names ( ! diff]5t lett]s or figures1 & any requir$ signal 0 indicat$ by pass+ ! *>ge ?r\gh ! prop] wire1 :5 ! sp>k visible at ! int]ruption ( ! circuit w\ld d5ote ! lett] to ! obs]v] at ! f>!r end4 ,?is 0 ! po9t to :i* inv5tion _h advanc$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! discov]y ( ,volta 9 #ahjj1 ( ! ,pile1 :i* be>s 8 "n =ms ! comm5cem5t ( a new era 9 electric telegraphs4 ,al?\gh !re 0 no imm$iate application ( ! ph5om5a ( ! galvanic curr5t to ! purpose1 inde$ sev]al important discov]ies _h to be made be=e an electric telegraph ( any value 0 possible4 ,9 #ahjg ,somm]+1 at ,muni*1 propos$ to con/ruct an electric telegraph on ! pr9ciple ( ! decomposition ( wat]1 by ! ,voltaic curr5t discov]$ 9 #ahjj1 by ,ni*olson & ,c>lisle4 ,! =m ( app>atus 0 ! foll[+3 ,9 a glass tr\gh conta9+ wat]1 ?irty-five gold pegs or p9s 7 arrang$ v]tically1 ?is numb] ( pegs correspond+ to ! lett]s ( ! alphabet toge!r ) ! n9e digits2 ea* ( ^? p9s 0 connect$ by a wire :i* ext5d$ to ! place :5ce ! signal 0 to be transmitt$2 at ?is po9t !y t]m9at$ 9 brass /rips arrang$ 9 a frame side by side1 b l ! wires & p9s insulat$ f ea* o!r1 ea* brass /rip bore ! "n ( ! lett] or figure :i* belong$ to ! p9 to :i* x 0 connect$4 ,! op]ator1 :5 wi%+ to s5d any communication1 connect$ ! two poles ( ! batt]y ) ! brass /rips be>+ ! names ( ! two fir/ lett]s requir$--decomposition ( ! wat] 9 ! tr\gh at ! di/ant end 0 in/antly indicat$ by ! evolution ( bubbles ( gas f ! two gold p9s :i* ?us became ! two electrodes or poles ( ! batt]y4 ,! lett]s =m+ any communication 7 to be 9 ?is mann] d5ot$ 9 pairs1 ! inv5tor +5i\sly avail+ himself ( ! diff]5t quantities ( ! two gases1 evolv$ to po9t out ! relative position ( ! lett]s 9 ea* pair1 ! hydrog5 be+ employ$ to indicate ! fir/ lett]4 ,s*weigg] propos$ to add to ?is sy/em a plan = call+ ! att5tion ( ! correspond5t at ! di/ant /ation by ! dis*>ge by ! curr5t ( a pi/ol *>g$ ) ! mix$ gases4 ,9 #ahaf ,mr4 ,ronalds1 ( ,hamm]smi?1 inv5t$ an electric telegraph 9 :i* ! use ( frictional electricity 0 recurr$ to4 ,?is telegraph1 :i* 0 %[n to sev]al sci5tific m5 at ! date above giv51 0 fully describ$ by ! inv5tor by a "w publi%$ by him 9 #ahbc4 ,mr4 ,ronalds employ$ ! div]g5ce & collapse ( a pair ( pi? balls z ! telegraphic indication 9 :i* respect ! pr9ciple 0 ! same z t adopt$ by ,mr4 ,lomond1 b to ?is simple app>atus a di/9ct contrivance 0 app5d$ 9 ord] to r5d] ! communication m rapid & easy4 ,a s+le wire1 p]fectly insulat$ by be+ susp5d$ by silk5 /r+s1 or buri$ 9 glass tubes1 surr\nd$ by pit* & protect$ by wood5 tr\ghs1 0 ext5d$ betwe5 ! /ations2 f ! end ( ?is wire 0 susp5d$ 9 front ( ! dial ( a clock1 a pair ( pi? balls s t :il/ ! wire 0 *>g$ ! balls w\ld rema9 div]g5t1 b w\ld in/antly collapse :5 ! wire by contact ) ! e>?1 or ) ! h& ( ! op]ator 0 dis*>g$4 ,a p]son at "o end hav+1 !re=e1 an electrical ma*9e1 by :i* he c\ld ma9ta9 ! wire 9 an electrifi$ /ate & ! pi? balls at ! o!r extremity1 consequ5tly1 9 a /ate ( div]g5ce1 _h x1 ( c\rse1 9 8 p[] to give an in/antane\s indication to ! obs]v] at t f>!r extremity by t\*+ ! wire ) ! h&1 :i*1 dis*>g+ ! electricity1 w\ld all[ ! balls to collapse = an in/ant2 b in/ead ( m]ely employ+ ! successive movem5ts ( ! pi? balls to d5ote ! v>i\s signals1 ,mr4 ,ronalds add$ ano!r app>atus = ! purpose4 ,two clocks1 v accurately adju/$ to ! same rate ( go+1 c>ri$1 in/ead ( ! ord9>y seconds h&s1 light discs1 on :i* ! v>i\s lett]s ( ! alphabet1 ! figures & o!r requir$ signals 7 engrav$4 ,^! discs turn$ ) a regul> /ep-by-/ep movem5t beh9d a scre5 ( metal 9 :i* 0 made a small op5+1 suffici5t to all[ "o lett] at a "t be+ se54 ,z ! discs turn$ r\nd ea* lett] 9 succession w\ld be visible ?r\gh ?is space1 & x is evid5t t if ! clocks />t$ ) ! same signal visible1 ! movem5t ( ! discs w\ld br+ simil> signals into view at ! same "t4 ,"o ( ^! in/rum5ts 0 situat$ at ea* end ( ! communicat+ wire4 ,! op]ator :o 0 ab\t to transmit any communication wat*$ ! dial ( 8 clock until ! lett] he requir$ 0 visible & at t in/ant dis*>g$ ! wire2 ! mom5t>y collapse ( ! balls at ! di/ant end w\ld !n w>n ! obs]v] to note ! lett] visible on 8 in/rum5t :i* w\ld =m a "p ( ! intellig5ce to be receiv$1 ! successive lett]s or signals con/itut+ any messages 7 d5ot$ 9 ?is mann]1 z ! clock dials cont9u$ to turn r\nd4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! con/ant att5tion on ! "p ( ! obs]v] an arrangem5t 0 adopt$ by :i* a pi/ol c\ld be fir$ by ! sp>k ( ! fur!r end to summon ! att5dant to 8 in/rum5t4 ,v>i\s signals 7 also conc]t$ be=e h&1 by ! use ( :i* ! "t necess>y = ! transmission ( any intellig5ce 0 less5$4 ,^! exp]im5ts ( ,mr4 ,ronalds 7 made ) ! int]v5tion ( sev]al miles ( wire c>ri$ backw>d & =w>d across 8 gr\nds4 ,9 #ahai ,pr(essor ,o]/$1 ( ,cop5hag51 made 8 great discov]y ( ! action ( ! galvanic curr5t ^u a magnetic ne$le2 he obs]v$ t :5 a curr5t is pass$ along a wire plac$ p>allel & ne> a magnetic ne$le free to turn on its c5tre1 ! ne$le is deflect$ to "o side or ! o!r accord+ to ! direction 9 :i* ! curr5t is transmitt$4 ,he fur!r notic$ t ! position ( ! wire1 :e!r above or bel[ ! ne$le1 _h an equal influ5ce ) ! direction ( ! curr5t 9 det]m9+ ! side to :i* ! deflection took place4 ,! p[] ( a s+le wire 9 caus+ ?is deviation ( a ne$le is b small1 b ?is 0 rem$i$ by ! inv5tion ( ! multipli] or galvanomet] by ,pr(4 ,s*weigg]1 9 :i* ! ne$le be+ surr\nd$ ) _m successive coils ( insulat$ wire1 is act$ ^u by ! jo9t =ce ( all4 ,"u a some:at diff]5t =m ?is discov]y n[ =ms ! basis ( ! ne$le electric telegraph4 ,v %ortly aft] ?is important discov]y _h be5 made1 ,arago & ,ampre1 9 ,france1 & ,seebeck1 9 ,b]l91 succe$$ 9 r5d]+ iron magnetic by ! passage ( a galvanic curr5t ?r\gh a wire coil$ ar\nd ! iron1 & ,/urgeon1 9 ,engl&1 produc$ ! fir/ electro-magnet4 ,x 0 f\nd t provid$ ! iron to be magnetiz$ 7 p]fectly s(t & pure1 ! magnetic prop]ty rema9$ only dur+ ! actual transmission ( ! electricity1 & 0 lo/ imm$iately on ! int]ruption ( ! electric curr5t4 ,if ! iron :i* 0 expos$ to ! influ5ce ( ! galvanic curr5t 7 comb9$ ) sulphur1 c>bon or phosphorus1 ! magnetic p[] became to a great] or less ext5t p]man5t 9 x4 ,! inv5tion ( ! ,voltaic batt]y1 ( ! deflection ( ! ne$le1 & ( ! magnetization ( s(t iron1 =m$ ! ?ree great /eps 9 ! hi/ory ( ! electric telegraph4 ,m4 ,ampre sugge/$ ! employm5t ( ! discov]y ( ,o]/$ z e>ly z #ahcj1 & ?is sugge/ion 0 act$ ^u by ,pr(4 ,rit*ie1 9 a model telegraph exhibit$ by him at ! ,royal ,in/itution4 ,ampre's plan1 h[ev]1 0 f> f possess+ ! simplicity s ess5tial to an in/rum5t design$ = practical use2 n less ?an ?irty pairs ( conduct+ wires 7 necess>y accord+ to 8 s*eme = ma9ta9+ a telegraph communication4 ,b>on ,s*ill+ 9 #ahcb & #ahcc1 foll[+ ! idea orig9at$ by ,ampre1 propos$ a simil> =m ( telegraph 9 :i* !re 7 z _m ( ^! galvanomet]s1 ea* ) its appropriate circuit1 z !re 7 lett]s or signs to be us$ 9 ! v>i\s communications1 9 fact1 !re 7 #cj ne$les & #gb wires4 ,9 #ahcc ,gauss & ,web] propos$ to employ ! sep>ate movem5ts ( a susp5d$ b> z signals1 b its indication mu/ h be5 feeble z !y _h to be obs]v$ ?r\gh a telescope plac$ at "s di/ance f ! oscillat+ b>4 ,9 #ahcg ,m4 ,alex&] exhibit$ a model ( a propos$ =m ( telegraph conta9+ tw5ty-five ne$les to be act$ ^u z 9 ,ampre's arrangem5t4 ,9 ?is in/rum5t a di/9ct ne$le 0 employ$ = ! indication ( ea* lett]1 ^! ne$les be>+ at "o end light scre5s ( pap] :i* conceal$ f view a lett] or figure until by ! deflection ( ! ne$le ! scre5 0 remov$1 & ! lett] br\ght into sight4 ,m4 ,alex&]1 h[ev]1 effect$ "o great improvem5t 9 sub/itut+ a s+le wire to :i* "o end ( all ! coils 0 jo9$ = ! sev]al return wires exi/+ 9 ! previ\s inv5tion ( ,m4 ,s*ill+4 ,at a lat] p]iod ?is g5tleman und]took a s]ies ( exp]im5ts ) a view to ! e/abli%m5t ( a communication by means ( a s+le wire1 b "s me*anical difficulties appe> to h arre/$ 8 progress4 ,9 bo? ( ^! telegraphs1 all t 0 requir$ 9 addition to ! indicat+ app>atus & conduct+ wires1 0 a contrivance by :i* ! connection ( ! ,voltaic batt]ies c\ld be made ) any pair ( wires1 9 ! =m]1 & ) any s+le wire & ! return conductor 9 ! latt] ( ! two inv5tions4 ,"o pole ( ! batt]y be+ connect$ to ! return or common wire1 ! o!r pole ( ! batt]y 0 jo9$ to a plate ( metal1 or to a tr\gh ( m]cury1 ext5d+ b5ea? all ! keys4 ,on depress+ any key ! wire belong+ to x1 :i* 0 cont9u$ to ! end ov] ! batt]y connection1 0 br\ght into contact ) ?is b> or tr\gh4 ,! curr5t w\ld !n fl[ along ! conduct+ wire1 ar\nd ! multipli] coil 9 ! di/ant in/rum5t1 & return by ! common wire to ! ,voltaic batt]y4 ,! keys bore ! same lett]s z ! ne$les to :i* !y 7 connect$1 s t ! op]ator communicat$ any lett] by press+ d[n ! correspond+ key4 ,9 ^! two in/rum5ts1 no use 0 made ( ! p[] :i* exi/s ( det]m9+ ! deflection ( ! ne$le to ei!r side by m]ely rev]s+ ! connections ( ! batt]y4 ,we h ?us trac$ ! hi/ory ( ! telegraph up to ! po9t at :i* x fir/ assum$ ! practical =m ( ,cooke & ,:eat/one's inv5tions1 b :at _h be5 accompli%$ rema9$ ei!r unkn[n1 or 0 kn[n only to a few lead+ m5 ( sci5ce1 until ! unexpect$ developm5t ( ! electric telegraph 9 ! h&s ( ^! g5tlem5 l$ ea* "o :o 0 9 possession ( any title to ! m]it ( hav+ believ$ 9 & exp]im5t$ ^u ! possibility to produce 8 title1 or to h x eag]ly put =w>d by 8 fri5ds & fell[ c\ntrym54 ,al?\gh ! pr9cipal facts necess>y to ! con/ruction ( an electric telegraph _h be5 kn[n ev] s9ce #ahba1 yet x 0 n until ! g5]al e/abli%m5t ( railways t telegraph wires c\ld be safely c>ri$ to any great di/ance4 ,moreov]1 ! importance ( ! inv5tion 0 by no means und]/ood4 ,9 #ahcg ! exp]im5ts ( ,cooke & ,:eat/one1 :i* _h be5 progress+ = m ?an a twelvemon?1 appe>$ s f> successful z to induce !m to apply = a pat5t = _! inv5tions4 ,! in/rum5t :i* 0 br\ght into use on ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway %ortly aft] ! date ( ! pat5t1 conta9$ five ne$les1 arrang$ ) _! axis 9 a horizontal l9e4 ,! ne$les :5 at re/ hung v]tically1 by reason ( a slight prepond]5ce giv5 to ! l[] ends1 ea* coil 0 connect$ ) "o ( ! long conduct+ wires at "o end1 & 0 unit$ at ! o!r1 ) a rod ( metal1 :i* jo9$ toge!r ! simil> ends ( all ! coils4 ,! curr5t 0 transmitt$ f ! opposite end ( ! wires :]e a set ( five pair ( f+] keys = mak+ ! connections ) ! batt]y 0 plac$ ?r\gh two ( ! wires at once1 t is to say1 ( ! wire ( :i* "o key 0 press$ d[n1 s]v$ to convey ! curr5t f "o pole ( ! batt]y to ! di/ant in/rum5t1 :ile ! key ( a second wire be+ br\ght into contact ) ! o!r pole1 ! curr5t return$ by ! rod ( metal connect+ ! coils1 & ! second wire to ! batt]y aga94 ,two ne$les 7 9 ?is mann] deflect$ at once1 & x w be obvi\s1 t ! curr5t w\ld pass 9 opposite directions ar\nd _! coils1 &1 consequ5tly1 t ! deflection mu/ be 9 contr>y directions4 ,! ne$les w\ld1 !re=e1 conv]ge ei!r above or bel[ _! l9e ( c5tre z "o or o!r ( ! pair ( keys belong+ to ea* wire 0 depress$1 fix$ /ops 7 s plac$ on ea* side ( ! ne$les1 z to limit _! motion & :5 re/+ aga9/ !m ! ne$les 7 p>allel to two conv]g+ l9es1 at ! po9t ( int]section ( movem5t ( ! ne$les4 ,9 a simil> mann] z l9es 7 drawn div]g+ f ! c5tre ( ea* axis mutually cross+ "o ano!r1 a numb] ( po9ts ( int]section 7 =m$ at ea* ( :i* 0 a lett] or signal4 ,any ( ^! lett]s c\ld be indicat$ by ! simultane\s movem5t ( two ne$les1 s t a communication c\ld be c>ri$ on ) c]ta9ty & tol]able rapidity1 at ! same "t a plan 0 recogniz$ by :i* ! numb] ( wires requisite = ma9ta9+ a communication might be r$uc$ by us+ "o ( !m at times z a return wire only1 !re be+ no ne$le 9 connection ) ?is "o4 ,"o ne$le c\ld1 by ! use ( ?is wire1 be deflect$ by itself1 ei!r to ! "r1 or to ! left1 & ?us1 ( c\rse1 ea* w\ld furni% two signals 9 addition to ^? =m$ by its simultane\s deflection by any o!r4 ,! in/rum5ts at ! two /ations 7 always r5d]$ reciprocat+2 t is1 at ea* end ( ! l9e 7 plac$ at ea* in/rum5t a set ( f+] keys & a ,voltaic batt]y1 s t ei!r /ation c\ld transmit1 or receive a signal by an +5i\s arrangem5t4 ,! keys on be+ releas$ aft] depression1 7 made to resume by !mselves ! position necess>y to enable t :i* _h be5 ! signall+ /ation to become ! recipi5t2 by ?is means messages & answ]s or words & _! ackn[l$gm5t c\ld foll[ "o ano!r )\t ! necessity = any int]v5+ adju/m5t ( ! in/rum5ts4 ,! bell or al>um :i* 0 to be rung1 :5 ! att5tion ( ! cl]k at ! di/ant end 0 requir$1 0 ei!r direct or indirect 9 its action4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 ! attraction ex]cis$ by a horse%oe-%ap$ piece ( s(t iron1 r5d]$ tempor>ily magnetic by ! galvanic curr5t1 0 made to draw an armature likewise ( s(t iron t[>ds x1 & by ?is action impel a small hamm] aga9/ a bell4 ,9 ! second =m ( al>um ! movem5t ( ! armature m]ely releas$ a det5t or cat* f a tra9 ( clock "w driv5 by a spr+ or weight4 ,?is clock "w by ! int]v5tion ( a scape :eel & pallets rang ! bell z 9 a common al>um4 ,9 ,april1 #ahch1 ,mr4 ,cooke obta9$ a pat5t = "s fur!r improvem5ts 9 ?is app>atus4 ,! electric telegraph inv5t$ by ,pr(4 ,morse1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 has l$ to a l>ge am\nt ( controv]sy1 a claim hav+ be5 put 9 = him z ! fir/ actual inv5tion ( a practical electric telegraph 9 #ahcb1 :ile on bo>d ! packet%ip 8,sully40 ,! ,abbe ,moigne /ates t a ,mr4 ,jackson wrote to ! ,academie ,franaise1 affirm+ t he _h 9 #ahcb communicat$ ! plan to ,mr4 ,morse :ile return+ toge!r f ,europe to ,am]ica on bo>d ! 8,sully40 ,ev5 admitt+1 h[ev]1 ! claim ( ei!r p>ty1 x w\ld only %[ t !y did n ?9k suffici5tly well ( _! s*eme to ent] ^u x until ne>ly ?ree mon?s aft] ! fir/ ,engli% pat5t = an electric telegraph _h be5 seal$ & ! practicability ( su* an app>atus _h be5 demon/rat$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! fir/ really (ficial lett] on ! subject f ,pr(4 ,morse is dat$ ,septemb] #bg1 #ahcg4 ,cooke & ,:eat/one's fir/ pat5t = an electric telegraph 0 seal$ ?ree mon?s be=e ?is1 namely1 on ,june #ab1 #ahcg4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ?is telegraph & ! prec$+1 9 sugge/ions & contrivances1 0 v great4 ,! exp]im5ts ( ^! g5tlem5 _h be5 proce$+ = a long "t previ\sly1 s t :5 9 ,june1 #ahcg1 _! pat5t 0 obta9$1 x 0 n = an arrangem5t ( d\btful practicability1 or ( a =m to be p]fect$ only aft] repeat$ trial2 on ! contr>y1 x 0 )9 a few mon?s aft] ! date ( ! pat5t put up & br\ght into actual & daily use4 ,"s ( its details h s9ce be5 simplifi$1 & ! modes 9 :i* ! electric ne$les are made to give ! requir$ indications h be5 greatly v>i$1 b ! great features & pr9ciples ( _! fir/ inv5tion rema9 un*ang$1 & n only s1 b !y =m an ess5tial "p ( ne>ly1 if n q all1 ! lat] telegraphs ( o!r inv5tors4 ,! inv5tion ( an electric telegraph %\ld h attract$ ! imm$iate att5tion ( railway manag]s1 "o w\ld naturally suppose2 on ! contr>y1 railway directors look$ ^u x z a new-fangl$ inv5tion1 & ! public 0 n yet alive to its innum]able advantages4 ,"o fact1 h[ev]1 mu/ be insi/$ on & is n[ a matt] ( hi/ory--t to ,engl& belongs ! honor ( ?is great inv5tion2 t 9 ! ye> #ahcg1 a ne$le telegraph _h be5 inv5t$ s complete1 & at ! same "t s simple 9 its op]ations1 t x c\ld be work$ by any "o :o knew h[ to read2 t 9 ,june ( t ye> ! pat5t = ?is telegraph _h be5 seal$1 & a mon? lat] ! wires 7 laid d[n betwe5 ,eu/on ,squ>e & ,camd5t[n ,/ations ( ! ,nor? ,we/]n ,railway1 a di/ance ( a mile & a qu>t]1 & t on ! #be? ( ,july messages 7 actually s5t betwe5 ^! two /ations1 ,pr(4 ,:eat/one be+ 9 ! ,eu/on ,squ>e ,/ation1 & ,mr4 ,cooke be+ 9 t at ,camd5t[n1 ! witnesses be+ ! eng9e]s1 ,messrs4 ,fox & ,/eph5son4 ,n[1 x is q true t ,arago claim$ be=e ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,sci5ces = ,mr4 ,/e9heil ! prec$5ce 9 ?is matt]1 inasmu* z he _h 8 telegraph 9 op]ation on ! #ai? ( ,july1 #ahcg2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,:eat/one's pat5t 0 tak5 out 9 ,june ( t ye>1 & 0 publicly %[n on num]\s previ\s exp]im5ts1 all ( :i* 7 successful1 :]eas ,mr4 ,/e9heil publi%$ no description ( 8 in/rum5t until ,augu/1 #ahch1 & x is admitt$ t 9 ! int]val he _h alt]$ & am5d$ 8 in/rum5t & soon aft] ab&on$ x = a modification ( "o by ,morse4 ,9 ,septemb]1 #ahcg1 he exhibit$ an imp]fect in/rum5t1 al?\gh he aft]w>ds succe$$ 9 produc+ "o ( fir/ rate excell5ce1 :i* is /ill l>gely us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,cooke & ,:eat/one receiv$ notice to quit ! ,london & ,birm+ham l9e1 b ,mr4 ,brunel gave !m p]mission1 9 #ahci1 to lay x d[n on ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway4 ,?is 0 fir/ done z f> z ,we/ ,drayton1 #ac miles1 & aft]w>ds ext5d$ to ,sl\gh1 #ah miles1 ! wires 9 bo? ( ^! prelim9>y trials be+ enclos$ 9 iron tubes laid on ! gr\nd4 ,on propos+ to ext5d ?is l9e to ,bri/ol mu* opposition 0 (f]$ by ! directors1 & ! telegraph aga9 _h notice to quit1 b on ! proposal ( ,mr4 ,cooke to reta9 ! wires at 8 own exp5se1 he 0 p]mitt$ to d s on condition ( transmitt+ ! ,railway signals free ( *>ge1 & ( ext5d+ ! l9e to ,sl\gh4 ,9 return = ?is favor1 he 0 all[$ to transmit messages = ! public1 :i* 0 accord+ly done1 "o %ill+ be+ *>g$ = a message1 b ! public did n avail !mselves ( ! new in/rum5t1 & its value 0 sc>cely appreciat$ until ! #crd ( ,janu>y1 #ahde1 :5 x 0 us$ to convey a message to ,london police1 direct+ !m to arre/ "o ,t[ell1 on a *>ge ( murd]4 ,! message fla%$ pa/ ! crim9al :ile he 0 travell+ express to escape ! consequ5ce ( 8 crime4 ,by ! end ( #ahde upw>ds ( #ejj miles ( l9e 7 9 op]ation 9 ,engl&4 ,9 #ahdf ! ,electric ,telegraph ,company comm5c$ its op]ations ) a consid]able capital1 a l>ge portion ( :i* 0 exp5d$ 9 ! pur*ase ( ,:eat/one & ,cooke's pat5ts1 & ! sy/em :i* !y _h introduc$ became rapidly ext5d$4 ,9 due "t o!r telegraph companies 7 compet+ ) ! orig9al company1 namely1 ! ,electric ,int]national ,telegraph ,company1 & ! ,london ,prov9cial ,telegraph ,co4 ,! sy/em spread ov] ,europe & soon no railway 0 deem$ complete )\t its telegraph wires4 ,on ! #e? ( ,febru>y1 #ahgj1 ! ,monopoly conf]r$ ^u ! po/ma/] g5]al1 by ! telegraph act ( ! previ\s ye>1 took effect :5 ! ,po/-,(fice assum$ control ( telegraph communication )9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & x !n became possible to s5d telegrams ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry at a uni=m *>ge irrespective ( locality or di/ance4 ,! pur*ase money paid to ! telegraph companies1 comp5sation to railway companies = _! int]e/ 9 ! telegraph bus9ess & ! exp5se ( new l9es am\nt$ to upw>ds ( t5 millions /]l+4 ,on ! day ( ! transf] a ?\s& po/-(fices & n9ete5 hundr$ railway /ations 7 op5$ z telegraph (fices4 ,! public at once %[$ _! appreciation ( ! *ange4 ,9 ! ye> #ahfi b sev5 millions ( telegrams pass$ on ! companies wires2 9 #ahgj ! po/ma/] g5]al transmitt$ t5 millions4 ,9 #ahhe ! sixp5ny telegrams 7 introduc$4 ,! *>ge = a writt5 telegram1 :i* came into =ce 9 #ahgj1 0 "o %ill+ = ! fir/ tw5ty words1 & ?reep5ce = e additional five words1 ! addresses ( s5d] & receiv] be+ s5t free4 ,9 #ahhe ! *>ge 0 r$uc$ to a half-p5ny a ^w ?r\gh\t includ+ addresses 7a sy/em ( abbreviat$ addresses1 :i* c\ld be regi/]$ on paym5t ( a gu9ea a ye>1 0 introduc$71 ) a m9imum *>ge ( sixp5ce2 ! effect ( ?is r$uction 0 to run ! numb] ( telegrams 9 two ye>s f ?irty-?ree to fifty millions4 ,dur+ ! fir/ six mon?s ! numb] ( telegrams increas$ by #dh p] c5t41 :ile ! gross telegraph rev5ue fell (f to ! ext5t ( #dj1bcc ?\gh #ah1abd _h be5 receiv$ 9 respect to abbreviat$ addresses4 ,9 ,april1 #ahhf1 ! telegrams 9 excess ( #ahhe am\nt$ to #dj p] c5t41 b ! rev5ue 0 #aa1hjj less4 ,9 ,may ! increase 9 telegrams 0 #ea p] c5t4 & ! rev5ue #d1ajj less ?an ! previ\s ,may4 ,9 ,june ! increase 0 #fa p] c5t4 & ! rev5ue #b1hjj less4 ,! work+ exp5ses 7 ?us increas$1 :ile ! receipts 7 dim9i%$4 ,9 ,london alone ! receipts fell (f by z mu* z #gd p] c5t4 ,! pr9cipal reasons = ! unfavorable f9ancial results ( ! work+ ( ! telegraph are3 ! l>ge price #aj1acj1jjj exp5d$ z pur*ase money1 an argum5t ( little weight s long z work+ exp5ses are n paid2 ! "r accord$ to railway companies at ! "t ( ! transf] ( s5d+ po/al telegrams free ( all *>ge4 ,! numb] ( ^! telegrams1 at fir/ insignificant1 rea*$ a total ( #a1fjj1jjj 9 #ahia1 ) an av]age l5g? ( #be words1 repres5t+ a value ( #hj1jjj a ye>4 ,arrangem5ts 7 aft]w>ds made "u :i* ! companies w\ld surr5d] ?is privilege 9 return = p]mission to s5d a fix$ numb] ( free telegrams 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>4 ,! loss on press telegrams1 to quote ! =ty-fir/ report ( ! po/ma/] g5]al3 8,a /ill m s]i\s burd5 is caus$ by ! loss on press telegrams40 ,! *>ge specifi$ 9 ! ,telegraph ,act ( #ahfh = press telegrams is "o %ill+ = #ge words dur+ ! day1 or "o hundr$ words at night1 b a proviso 0 add$ t = copies only #b;d p] #ge words 9 ! day or #ajj at night1 & no condition 0 laid d[n z to ! copy be+ = ! same t[n z ! orig9al2 ! newspap]1 accord+ly1 comb9$ to receive f ! news associations messages 9 id5tical t]ms1 & by divid+ ! co/ !y are enabl$ to get ! b5efit ( a rate :i* comes ne>] #b;d ?an a %ill+1 ! av]age *>ge be+ 9 fact ab\t f\r p5ce half-p5ny p] #ajj words4 ,not)/&+ ! economical arrangem5ts :i* h be5 made = ! transmission ( press telegrams1 #e1djj1jjj 9 numb] conta9+ #fej1jjj1jjj words1 ! loss incurr$ by ! ,po/-,(fice 9 deal+ ) !m is e/imat$ to am\nt to #cjj1jjj p] annum4 ,! r$uctions 9 ! t>iff1 especially 9 #ahhe & #ahig1 & ! competition ( ! telephone 7upw>ds ( #dej1jjj1jjj messages a ye>1 transmitt$ by ! ,national ,telephone ,company alone71 ?\gh x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! ,royalties ( ! companies exce$$ #ajj1jjj p] annum1 :i* figure among ! receipts ( ! ,po/-,(fice telegraph s]vice4 ,! increas$ wages paid to telegraphi/s 9 #ahhj & #ahha1 ! wages & sal>ies repres5t$ #dd p] c5t4 ( ! total rev5ue2 !y n[ exce$ #ff p] c5t4 ,! real success ( ! /ate adm9i/ration ( ! telegraph lies n 9 any contribution to ! rev5ue1 b 9 *eap telegrams & a l>ge use ( ! s]vice4 ,! av]age price ( ! ord9>y inl& telegram is sev5p5ce1 ?ree f>?+s1 & !re are m telegrams s5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 bo? positively & relatively ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry1 ) ! possible exception ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,= e #ajj p]sons !re are s5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom #ahd telegrams1 :ile 9 ,france !re are b #ajh & 9 ,g]many #ff4 ,9 #aija ! gross rev5ue 0 #c1chj1ehi4 ,! pay ( a telegraphi/ 9 ,london rises to #afj a ye>1 ) ! prospect ( promotion to high] positions4 ,! numb] ( telegrams transmitt$ 9 #aijj-a 0 #hi1egf1jjj4 ,9 small t[ns & villages :]e ! traffic is light1 & a skill$ telegraphi/ is unnecess>y1 ! ,:eat/one ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 in/rum5t is us$2 9 ?is app>atus electric curr5ts are g5]at$ by turn+ a h&le 7plac$ 9 front ( ! in/rum5t7 :i* is ge>$ to a ,siem5s %uttle armature plac$ betwe5 ! two arms ( a p[]ful horse%oe magnet2 :5 "o ( a s]ies ( keys 7ea* correspond+ to a lett]71 arrang$ ar\nd a po9t]1 is depress$1 motion ( ! po9t] :i* is ge>$ to ! %uttle armature is arre/$ on com+ opposite t p>ticul> key & ! transmission ( ! curr5ts to l9e is /opp$1 ?\gh ! armature itself c cont9ue to rotate4 ,! depression ( a second key causes ! fir/ key to be rais$1 ! curr5ts actuate a rat*et :eel me*anism at ! receiv+ /ation1 :]eby ! h& on a small dial is mov$ on lett] by lett]4 ,at (fices :]e ! "w is heavi] ?an c be dealt ) by ! ,a4,b4,c4 app>atus1 ! s+le ne$le in/rum5t is v l>gely us$4 ,x has ! advantage ( slight liability to d]angem5t & ( requir+ v little adju/m5t4 ,a fairly skill$ op]ator c signal ) x at ! rate ( tw5ty words a m9ute4 ,! ne$le 79 ! mod]n patt]n7 is ( s(t iron & is kept magnetiz$ inductively by ! action ( two p]man5t /eel magnets4 ,! coils are w\nd ) copp] wire 7cov]$ ) silk7 to a total resi/ance ( #bjj ohms4 ,! actual curr5t requir$ to "w ! in/rum5t is #c-c milliampres equival5t approximately to ! curr5t giv5 by "o ,daniel cell ?r\gh #c1cjj ohms1 b 9 practice a curr5t ( #aj milliampres is all[$4 ,a s+le b important addition to enable ! read+ f ! in/rum5t to be effect$ by s\nd1 9 ?is arrangem5t ! ne$le /rikes aga9/ small tubes =m$ ( t9 plate & by ?is means ! movem5t ( ! ne$le to ! "r or left is q audible4 ,! ,:eat/one automatic app>atus is l>gely us$1 especially = press matt]2 ?r\gh x a spe$ ( #fjj lett]s p] m9ute c be obta9$4 ,9 ! ,r[l& multiple me?od1 ! transmitt] consi/s ( a me*anical key bo>d1 provid$ ) a s]ies ( lev]s :i* effect c]ta9 comb9ations ( positive & negative curr5ts = ea* lett]3 ^! curr5ts are furni%$ by an alt]nator1 :i* transmits s9e curr5ts ov] ! l9e1 bo? ma*9es runn+ 9 syn*ronism4 ,at ! receiv+ end ( ! circuit a %aft is c\pl$ to ! motor2 ?is is provid$ ) ge>+ :i* rotates f\r comb9+ commutators & f\r type :eels1 :i* pr9t ! lett]s on ! b& ( pap]4 ,!re are f\r transmitt]s & f\r receiv]s1 :i* are op]at$ indep5d5tly by means ( an adaptation ( ! multiplex sy/em ( work+1 & ea* circuit is provid$ ) a numb] ( segm5ts set ap>t = its own use4 ,ea* transmitt] is1 !re=e1 able to transmit a sep>ate s]ies ( positive & negative curr5ts 9 diff]5t comb9ations2 ^! are di/ribut$ by suitably arrang$ di/ributors & relays at ! receiv+ end ( ! l9e into _! respective receiv]s4 ,! function ( ! 8comb9]0 9 ea* receiv+ in/rum5t is to gr\p ! receiv$ comb9ations ( positive & negative curr5ts t !y op]ate pol>iz$ relays 9 su* a mann] t ! position ( ! tongues corresponds ) ! op]ation ( ! lev]s 9 ! transmitt]1 s9ce ea* lett] is repres5t$ by a specific comb9ation ( positive & negative curr5ts4 ,x is possible by means ( ! comb9ations to close a local circuit at any giv5 int]val & s cause ! pap] to be press$ aga9/ ! p]iph]y ( ! type :eel at ! "t :5 ! lett] requir$ is opposite4 ,! pap] is also caus$ to advance automatically = ea* lett]1 />t a fir/ l9e1 & also to comm5ce a fre% =m at ! completion ( ea* message4 ,! ,delaney ,multiples ,sy/em1 :i* has be5 adopt$ to a limit$ ext5t 9 ,great ,brita91 enables a l>ge am\nt ( "w to be done on "o wire4 ,betwe5 ,london & ,man*e/] f\r sets ( ! app>atus c be work$1 b betwe5 ,london & ,birm+ham1 a %ort] di/ance1 six sets 7! maximum = :i* ! sy/em is adopt$7 may be us$4 ,sir ,william ,fo!rgill ,cooke1 #ahjf-ahgi4 ,son ( ,william ,cooke1 ,m4,d41 ,durham1 0 born at ,eal+1 ,middlesex1 & hav+ receiv$ 8 education at ,durham1 0 appo9t$ 9 #ahbf to ! ,ea/ ,indian army1 9 :i* he held v>i\s /aff appo9tm5ts till #ahca4 ,on 8 return home he devot$ 8 "t to ! /udy ( anatomy & physiology at ,p>is & ,heidleb]g & to modell+ anatomical dissections = ! illu/ration ( 8 fa!r's lectures at ,durham ,univ]sity4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahcf1 he began to direct 8 att5tion to ! electric telegraph1 ) :i* he occupi$ himself exclusively = _m ye>s4 ,he ent]$ into p>tn]%ip ) ,pr(4 ,:eat/one1 & =m$ 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,ric>do1 ,m4,p41 ! fir/ telegraph company ( :i* he became a director4 ,! fir/ telegraph l9e 9 ,engl& 0 con/ruct$ by ,mr4 ,cooke1 f ,padd+ton to ,we/ ,drayton1 on ! ,great ,we/]n ,railway 9 #ahcg4 ,9 #ahdj he e/abli%$ ! telegraph on ! ,blackwall ,railway1 & 9 #ahda a %ort l9e f ! ,que5 ,/reet /ation1 at ,glasg[1 ?r\gh ! tunnel to ! eng9e h\se at ,c[lairs on ! railway to ,ed9burgh4 ,9 #ahdb ! l9e f ,we/ ,drayton 0 cont9u$ to ,sl\gh1 & 9 #ahdc two %ort l9es 7 made 9 ,irel& & 9 ,engl&1 "o ( consid]able l5g? f ,london to ,portsm\? = ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 #ahfg he receiv$ ! f\r? ,royal ,alb]t m$al1 8 "n be+ prec$$ by ,f>aday's1 = ! fir/ introduction ( a practical electric telegraph4 ,h] ,maje/y conf]r$ on him ! honor ( ,knigh?ood1 ,novemb] #aa1 #ahfi1 z a recognition ( 8 great & special s]vices 9 connection ) ! electric telegraph1 & on ,july #be1 #ahga1 conf]r$ on him a civil p5sion ( #ajj4 ,sir ,*>les ,:eat/one1 ,f4,r4,s41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d4 #ahjb-ahge ,:o1 toge!r ) ,sir ,w4 ,f4 ,cooke1 introduc$ & c>ri$ out practical electric telegraphy1 0 ! son ( ,mr4 ,:eat/one1 ( ,gl\ce/]1 at :i* place he 0 born4 ,he 0 educat$ at a private s*ool & br\ght up to ! bus9ess ( mak+ musical in/rum5ts1 :i* turn$ 8 att5tion to ac\/ics4 ,he publi%$ 8 fir/ "w 9 #ahbc1 8,new ,exp]im5ts 9 ,s\nd10 & hav+ /udi$ ,"y's !ory ( light1 ! results ( 8 inve/igations 7 communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society ?r\gh ,f>aday1 9 #ahcc4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> he 0 appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,exp]im5tal ,philosophy1 at ,k+'s ,college1 ,london4 ,he 0 made ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 9 #ahcf1 & two ye>s lat] describ$ ! /]eoscope1 :i* he _h inv5t$1 9 a pap] :i* he read be=e ! ,society4 ,mr4 ,cooke 7lat] ,sir ,w4 ,f4 ,cooke71 0 introduc$ to ,pr(essor ,:eat/one1 & !y decid$ to unite _! ef=ts to introduce ! use ( ! telegraph on a l>ge scale 9 ,engl&4 ,!y took out _! fir/ pat5t = ! electric telegraph laid on ! ,blackwall ,railway 9 #ahcg4 ,:eat/one receiv$ ! ,royal ,m$al 9 #ahdj1 ! ,copley ,m$al 9 #ahdc1 0 "o ( ! ,jurors at ! ,p>is ,exhibition 7#ahee71 :5 he receiv$ ! decoration ( ! ,legion ( ,honor1 & 0 knight$ 9 #ahfh4 ,he 0 correspond+ memb] ( ! pr9cipal academies ( sci5ce 9 ,europe4 ,x 0 by 8 skill 9 turn+ k to practical acc\nt t ,:eat/one gave ! electric telegraph ! "* :i* x n[ possesses4 ,?\gh 8 inv5tions 9 o!r bran*es ( sci5ce are z num]\s z !y are v>i\s1 yet x is 9 connection ) ! electric telegraph t ! "n ( ,:eat/one w live4 ,he 0 ! inv5tor ( ! telegraph1 inde$4 ,no "o else c lay claim to t title4 ,/eph5 ,gray1 9 #ahbg1 susp5d$ a wire1 sev5 hundr$ feet long1 on silk ?reads1 & on apply+ an excit$ glass tube to "o end1 electrification 0 obs]v$ at ! o!r1 b he did n s5d messages4 ,advances 7 made f t "t by _m m5 ( sci5ce1 :o saw m or less cle>ly ! great possibilities be=e !m4 ,omitt+ ! pione] claims ( ,somm]+1 ,lomond & o!rs ( ! la/ c5tury1 ! names connect$ ) ! e>ly developm5t ( ! practical telegraph are ,from5t 9 ,france1 ,gauss1 ,web] & ,/e9heil1 9 ,g]many1 ,sir ,francis ,ronalds & ,edw>d ,davy1 9 ,engl&1 ,morse & ,vail1 9 ,am]ica4 ,b to ,:eat/one & 8 co-adjutor ,sir ,william ,fo!rgill ,cooke is due ! m]it ( hav+ be5 ! fir/ to r5d] x available = ! public transmission ( messages4 ,9 #ahcd1 %ortly aft] be+ appo9t$ ,pr(essor ( ,exp]im5tal ,physics at ,k+'s ,college1 ,london1 ,:eat/one began exp]im5t+ on rate ( transmission electricity along wires4 ,= ?is purpose ab\t half a mile ( copp] wire 0 insulat$ by susp5sion 9 ! vaults "u ! college1 & ?ree int]ruptions ( ?is circuit 0 made by ?ree p>ts ( brass knobs ) a small int]val betwe5 !m1 "o ( ^! int]ruptions 0 9 ! middle po9t ( ! conductor & ! o!r two ne> ! ends4 ,a leyd5 j> 0 dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! wire & ! int]val ( "t betwe5 ! occurr5ce ( ! sp>ks at ! ends & occurr5ce ( ! sp>k at ! middle 0 measur$ by not+ ! displacem5t ( ! image ( ! middle sp>k 9 a mirror revolv+ at a kn[n spe$4 ,x 0 calculat$ f results ( ?is exp]im5t t ! velocity ( an electric di/urbance along a wire 0 ab\t two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& miles p] second1 a result diff]+ f ! true spe$ ( "o hundr$ & eighty-six ?\s& miles p] second2 n v widely1 consid]+ ! difficulties ( obs]vation 9 an exp]im5t ( ?is k9d4 ,f ?is rese>* he pass$ on to ! transmission ( messages by electricity1 & 9 conjunction ) ,cooke he elaborat$ ! five ne$le telegraph1 ! fir/ t came into g5]al use4 ,:eat/one's f]tility ( sci5tific res\rce l$ ! p>tn]s on to _m new developm5ts4 ,! lett] %[+ dial telegraph 9 #ahda & ! magneto-electro dial telegraph1 a subsequ5t ext5sion ( ! same to type emboss+1 & la/ly ! automatic transmitt+ & receiv+ in/rum5ts by :i* messages are s5t ) su* great rapidity4 ,he 0 ! fir/ to appreciate ! importance ( r$uc+ to a m9imum ! am\nt ( "w to be done by ! curr5t at ! receiv+ /ation by dim9i%+ z f> z practicable ! mass & !re=e ! in]tia ( ! mov+ p>ts4 ,?is 0 beautifully exemplifi$ 9 t m>vel ( +5uity1 ! magneto-electro lett] %[+ telegraph1 :i* 0 p>ticul>ly applicable = private telegraph uses4 ,f #ahcg ,:eat/one appe>s to h devot$ a good deal ( "t to subm>9e telegraphy1 & 9 #ahdd exp]im5ts 7 made 9 ,swansea bay ) ! assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,d4 ,llewellyn4 ,:eat/one also _h a %>e 9 ! p]fect+ ( ! magneto-electric ma*9es :i* h culm9at$ 9 ! mod]n dynamo4 ,9 #ahcg he devis$ a me?od ( comb9+ sev]al armatures on "o %aft s z to g5]ate curr5ts :i* 7 cont9u\s in/ead ( int]mitt5t1 & 9 #ahfg he describ$ to ! ,royal ,society a me?od ( mak+ su* ma*9es self-excit+ z to _! magnetism by ! use ( a %unt circuit4 ,! use ( a ma9 circuit = ! purpose _h be5 describ$ by ,w]n] ,siem5s "o mon? e>li]1 b ! ma*9e describ$ by ,:eat/one _h be5 con/ruct$ = him by ,mr4 ,/roh 9 ! prec$+ summ]4 ,:eat/one 0 also ! inv5tor ( electro-magnetic clocks = indicat+ "t at any numb] ( diff]5t places unit$ on a circuit4 ,x 0 he :o call$ att5tion to ,*ri/y's comb9ation ( wires1 n[ commonly kn[n z ,:eat/one's bridge--9 :i* an electric balanc+ ( ! curr5ts is obta9$ & work$ out 9 its applications to electrical measurem5ts4 ,he 0 "o ( ! fir/ 9 ,great ,brita9 to appreciate ! importance ( ohms simple law ( ! relation betwe5 electro-motive =ce resi/ance ( conductors & result+ curr5t--! law :i* is to-day ! f\ndation ( all electrical eng9e]+4 ,:eat/one contribut$ to num]\s sci5tific j\rnals & publications4 ,all 8 publi%$ pap]s 7 collect$ 9 #ahgi by ! ,physical ,society ( ,london4 ,! ,telegraph 9 ,am]ica ,mr4 ,morse1 ! inv5tor ( ! telegraph sy/em :i* be>s 8 "n1 fir/ conceiv$ ! idea on bo>d ! packet %ip 8,sully0 on :i* he 0 a pass5g]4 ,he sail$ f ,havre = ,new ,york on ! fir/ day ( ,octob]1 #ahcb4 ,he 0 accompani$ by a numb] ( o!rs1 ! :ole company be+ unusually intellig5t & agreeable4 ,!re 0 a long voyage be=e !m1 & ea* amiably und]took to relieve ! t$ium ( ! j\rney by ! _m pleasant devices indulg$ 9 by companionable travell]s4 ,at an e>ly p]iod ( ! voyage1 ! conv]sation ar\nd ! ev5+ table turn$ ^u ! subject ( electricity & magnetism :i* 0 !n a popul> topic ( discussion & g5]al int]e/4 ,"o ( ! pass5g]s 7a ,doctor ,jackson7 introduc$ ! subject by ref]5ce to lectures to :i* he _h rec5tly att5d$ :ile 9 ,p>is1 9 :i* int]e/+ illu/rations ( ! m rec5t discov]ies 9 electro-magnetism _h be5 giv54 ,he also ref]r$ to ! exp]im5ts ( ,ampre ) ! electro magnet2 ! subject excit$ v g5]al int]e/ into :i* ,morse ent]$ ) great _s4 ,hi!rto he _h felt no o!r conc]n 9 electrical matt]s ?an t ( a lively & att5tive curiosity4 ,dr4 ,jackson _h 9 8 trunk an electro-magnet1 :i* he describ$1 & dur+ ! conv]sation allud$ to ! l5g? ( ! wire 9 ! coils4 ,?is l$ "o ( ! company to enquire 8if ! velocity ( ! curr5t 0 ret>d$ by ! l5g? ( ! wire80 ,dr4 ,jackson repli$ t electricity pass$ in/antane\sly ov] any kn[n l5g? ( wire4 ,?is ar\s$ ! int]e/ ( ,morse :o 0 /ruck ) ! idea t electricity might be made ! m$ium ( convey+ intellig5ce4 ,! conv]sation w5t on b he left !m4 ,z he pac$ ! deck ! idea rapidly took =m 9 8 m9d t1 ei!r by electro-*emical or electro-magnetic effects ( a curr5t1 m>ks might be made at di/ances s great & 9 su* v>iety z to r5d] possible ! easy communication ( & record ( an intelligible language4 ,?is 01 s f> z he knew at ! "t1 a new ?\ght4 ,gradually ! conception took %ape & sy/em until at la/ x _h assum$ su* a =m t next morn+1 at ! breakfa/ table1 he communicat$ ! plan by :i* he believ$ a record+ telegraph c\ld be s]viceable4 ,lat] on z ! voyage 0 ne>+ its end1 ,mr4 ,morse1 address+ ! ,capta91 said 8,well1 ,capta91 %\ld y he> ( ! telegraph "o ( ^! days z ! wond] ( ! _w1 rememb] ! discov]y 0 made on bo>d ! good %ip 8,sully40 ,he w\ld n[ h devot$ himself entirely to ! elaboration ( ?is new ?\ght1 b he _h to betake himself to 8 "w z an arti/4 ,he 0 poor & = ?ree or f\r ye>s foll[+ 8 return he _h to travel mu* ( ! "t to meet engagem5ts 9 connection ) 8 pr(ession4 ,mean:ile1 he devot$ e sp>e mom5t to ! p]fect+ ( 8 app>atus4 ,9 a lett] to a fri5d ,mr4 ,morse wrote3 8,up to ! autumn ( #ahcg1 my telegraphic app>atus exi/$ 9 s crude a =m t ,i felt reluctant to h x se54 ,my means 7 v limit$--s limit$ z to preclude ! possibility ( con/ruct+ an app>atus ( su* me*anical f9i% z to w>rant my success 9 v5tur+ ^u its public exhibition4 ,i _h no wi% to expose to ridicule ! repres5tative ( s _m h\rs ( labori\s ?\ght4 ,prior to ! summ] ( #ahcg1 at :i* "t ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,vail's att5tion became attract$ to my telegraph1 ,i dep5d$ ^u my p5cil = my subsi/5ce4 ,inde$1 s /raight5$ 7 my circum/ances1 t 9 ord] to save "t to c>ry out my inv5tion1 & to economize my scanty means1 ,i _h = mon?s lodg$ & eat5 9 my /udio1 procur+ my food 9 small quantities f "s groc]y1 & prep>+ x myself to conceal f my fri5ds ! /9t$ mann] 9 :i* ,i liv$4 ,i 0 9 ! habit ( br++ my food to my room 9 ! ev5+s1 & ?is 0 my mode ( life = _m ye>s40 ,"u ^! di/ress+ circum/ances1 ,mr4 ,morse labor$ 9 p]fect+ 8 app>atus 9 :i* he f9ally succe$$4 ,8 caveat 0 fil$ 9 ! pat5t (fice 9 ,wa%+ton on ,octob] #f1 #ahcg1 b a pat5t 0 n obta9$ until #ahdj4 ,on ! #h? ( ,febru>y1 #ahch1 9 response to an invitation f ! ,frankl9 ,in/itute ( ,philadelphia1 ,pr(4 ,morse exhibit$ ! new telegraph be=e ! ,committee ( ,sci5ce & ,arts ( t in/itution1 :o report$ _! gratification & express$ _! desire t gov]nm5t w\ld give ! means ( te/+ x on an ext5sive scale4 ,mr4 ,morse1 %ortly aft] ?is1 exhibit$ 8 app>atus be=e ! ,presid5t & 8 cab9et1 & :i* gave great satisfaction1 9 ref]5ce to :i* he wrote 8 fri5d & p>tn] ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,vail1 z foll[s3 8,ev]y?+ looks enc\rag+1 b ,i ne$ n say to y t 9 ?is _w a cont9u$ c\rse ( prosp]ity is n a rational expectation4 ,we %all d\btless f9d tr\bles & difficulties 9 /ore = u1 & x is "p ( true wisdom to be prep>$ = :atev] may await u4 ,if our he>ts are "r1 we %all n be tak5 by surprise4 ,i see no?+ n[ b an uncl\d$ prospect1 = :i* let u pay to ,him :o %[s x to u1 ! homage ( grateful & ob$i5t he>ts1 ) mo/ e>ne/ pray]s = grace to use prosp]ity aright40 ,morse n[ det]m9$ to ask ,congress = aid to make a ?or\gh te/ ( 8 app>atus on an actual l9e to %[ its capacity & practicability2 9 ?is he 0 enc\rag$ by 8 fri5ds4 ,on ,decemb] #f1 #ahdb1 he wrote an exhau/ive lett] to ! ,hon4 ,c4 ,g4 ,f]ris1 an influ5tial memb] ( ! ,h\se ,committee on ,comm]ce1 9 :i* he gave a m9ute hi/ory ( ! inv5tion1 /at$ fully ! basis ( 8 claims z ! inv5tor1 & ask$ t ?r\gh 8 committee an appeal might be made to ,congress = ! means to erect an exp]im5tal l9e to prove its value4 ,9 response to ?is ! ,hon4 ,john ,p4 ,k5n$y1 ,febru>y #bc1 #ahdc1 (f]$ a resolution 8,t ! ,bill appropriat+ ?irty ?\s& doll>s to be exp5d$ "u ! direction ( ! ,secret>y ( ! ,treasury1 9 a s]ies ( exp]im5ts to te/ ! exp$i5cy ( ! telegraph project$ by ,pr(essor ,morse %\ld be pass$40 ,mr4 ,morse sat 9 ! gall]y dur+ ! discussion :i* foll[$1 a quiet b int5sively anxi\s obs]v]4 ,= a "t ! project 0 made ! subject ( ridicule4 ,irritat$ p]haps because ! committee pass$ him 9 ! control ( ! exp]im5t1 ! ,po/ma/] propos$ to give half ! sum appropriat$ by ! bill to mesm]ic exp]im5ts4 ,ano!r propos$ t mill]ism h a %>e4 ,! bill seem$ doom$ to failure by _! ridicule4 ,! debate became %>p & vigor\s :51 at l5g?1 ! vote 0 tak5 ) ! result t ! ,bill pass$ by a majority ( eight4 ,! bill1 h[ev]1 _h yet to pass ! ,s5ate1 & its temp] respect+ x 0 unkn[n4 ,x _h mu* unf9i%$ bus9ess4 ,day aft] day pass$1 b ! bill _h n be5 rea*$4 ,f9ally ! la/ h\rs ( ! session arriv$4 ,morse wat*$ !m z !y pass$ ) an anxi\s solicitude4 ,x 0 gett+ late1 t5 o'clock _h already /ruck1 two h\rs only rema9$ be=e ! f9al adj\rnm5t4 ,j !n ! ,hon4 ,f]n&o ,wood1 "o ( ! ,s5ators1 came to ,mr4 ,morse & advis$ him to g home4 8,! ,s5ate is n 9 sympa?y ) y\r project4 ,i advise y to give x up4 ,return home & ?9k no m ( x40 ,morse1 feel+ x useless to rema9 long]1 ) a heavy he>t w5t to 8 hotel1 paid 8 bill1 procur$ a ticket = ,new ,york & retir$ to 8 room = ! night4 ,he !re knelt d[n1 op5$ 8 he>t to ,god & committ$ 8 affairs to ,him4 ,he _h done all t he c\ld & c\ld d m4 ,he c\nt$ 8 money & f\nd aft] pay+ 8 bill & ticket he _h ?irty-sev5 & a half c5ts left4 ,9 ! morn+1 refre%$ by re/ yet grave & ?\ghtful1 he came d[n to breakfa/4 ,:ile seat$ at ! table a visitor 0 ann\nc$4 ,! e>ly visitant prov$ to be a "y lady fri5d1 ,miss ,ellswor?1 ! daught] ( ! ,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 :o tak+ him w>mly by ! h&1 exclaim$ ) a voice ( unconceal$ joy1 8,pr(essor1 ,i h come on purpose to congratulate y40 8,congratulate me6 ,= :at1 my de> fri5d1 c y (f] me congratulations80 8,:y10 %e said gaily 7z %e enjoy$ ! ,pr(essor's wond]+ surprise1 & :o 0 at ! "t n 9 ! fitte/ mood = pleasantry71 8on ! passage ( y\r bill4 ,! ,s5ate1 la/ night1 vot$ y y\r money1 #cj1jjj40 ,%e !n in=m$ him t h] fa!r rema9$ 9 ! ,s5ate until ! close ( ! session1 & t 9 ! v clos+ mom5ts ! telegraph bill 0 pass$ )\t division or debate4 ,on rea*+ home1 ,ellswor? _h communicat$ ! news to 8 family1 all ( :om 7 mu* atta*$ to ! ,pr(essor1 & 8 daught] begg$ ! favor ( be+ all[$ to g to ! hotel to communicate ! good news4 ,x 0 ! desire ( a good w>m-he>t$ woman4 ,s %e _h ha/5$ on h] pleasant err&1 & n[1 hav+ told h] /ory1 %e ask$1 8,am ,i really ! fir/ to communicate ?is to y80 ,! tid+s 7 s unexpect$ t = "s mom5ts he c\ld make no reply4 ,at l5g? he said1 8,yes1 ,annie1 y are ! fir/ to in=m me4 ,i 0 until n[ utt]ly unconsci\s ( ! fact1 & n[ ,i am go+ to make y a promise4 ,:5 ! l9e is complet$1 ! fir/ despat* s5t ^u x f ,wa%+ton to ,baltimore %all be y\rs40 8,well10 %e repli$1 8,i w hold y to y\r promise40 ,all details hav+ be5 arrang$ betwe5 ! ,gov]nm5t & ,mr4 ,morse1 ! con/ruction ( ! l9e 0 proce$$ )4 ,he 0 all[$ a sal>y ( #b1ejj p] annum dur+ ! te/4 ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,vail took *>ge ( ! ma*9]y :ile ,mr4 ,ezra ,cornell 0 made ,sup]9t5d5t ( con/ruction4 ,x 0 mo/ un=tunate = ,mr4 ,morse t 8 m9d f ! v fir/ seem$ prepossess$ 9 favor ( und]gr\nd l9es :i* _h be5 adopt$ 9 ,engl&4 ,!y gave to him ! g5]al impression ( safety & p]man5ce1 & he select$ ! plan )\t exp]im5t4 ,he _h ord]$ to be made 9 ,new ,york =ty miles ( a five wire cable enclos$ 9 lead1 & ,mr4 ,cornell inv5t$ a pl[ to make ! tr5* = its reception4 ,?is cable 0 laid f ,baltimore to ! ,relay ,h\se1 sev5 miles away1 b on te/+ x ! escape 0 f\nd s great t ! necessity ( ab&on+ x became evid5t4 ,m ?an half ! appropriation _h be5 exp5d$4 ,aft] mu* anxi\s ?\ght1 x 0 decid$ to place ! wires on poles1 & ! l9e 0 f9i%$ 9 ?is way ) two copp] wires ( size numb] #ad1 cov]$ ) cotton saturat$ ) gum %ellac4 ,! fir/ insulation ( ! gov]nm5t l9e %[s h[ crude & rudim5t>y 0 ! conception held at t p]iod4 ,x 0 simply two plates ( glass1 betwe5 :i* ! wire1 aft] wrapp+ well ) clo? saturat$ ) gum %ellac1 0 plac$ & ov] :i* a wood5 cov] to protect f ra9 & press ! glass ^u ! wire & keep x 9 place 0 nail$4 ,^! 7 aft]w>ds remov$ & ! ,bureau ,knob patt]n sub/itut$4 ,9 ab\t "o ye> aft] ! appropriation _h be5 made1 ! l9e 0 complet$4 ,! fir/ telegraph (fice 9 ,wa%+ton 0 9 a small room on ! ea/ front ( ! ,capitol1 & aft]w>ds 9 a room ov] ! city po/-(fice4 ,! relays 7 ( numb] #af cotton cov]$ copp] wire saturat$ 9 gum %ellac1 ea* weigh+ ab\t #eaj p\nds1 & s co>sely con/ruct$ t ,mr4 ,vail kept ! ones 9 use 9 a back room :]e ! op]ator _h to run :5 x ne$$ adju/m5t4 ,! batt]y consi/$ ( #ajj cells ( ,grove1 :i* 0 r5ew$ ?ree times a week4 ,! circuits 7 left op5 :5 ! l9e 0 n 9 use1 & ! in/rum5ts 7 s connect$ t ea* op]ator />t$ & /opp$ ! in/rum5t at ! di/ant /ation by ! dropp+ ( a break ^u ! fly :eel :5 ! manipulations ( ! keys 7 susp5d$4 ,! magnets 7 soon aft] greatly improv$1 r$uc$ 9 size1 & increas$ 9 p[]4 ,true to ! promise he _h made to 8 fri5d1 ,miss ,ellswor?1 ,pr(4 ,morse n[ s5t = h] & to :i* %e at once respond$4 ,%e 0 invit$ to indicate a message = transmission4 ,x 0 promptly done 9 language n[ hi/oric & 9 consonance ) ! inv5tor's own (t5 express$ ?\ghts respect+ ! orig9 ( 8 inv5tion1 inde$1 he may h sugge/$ ! words 8,:at ha? ,god wr\ght40 ,?is message 0 pass$ ov] ! wires1 & ! /rip ( pap] on :i* x 0 impr9t$ 0 giv5 to ,gov]nor ,seym\r ( ,connecticut1 z a s\v5ir 9 honor ( ! "y woman :o 0 a native ( 8 ,/ate1 & ( ! inv5tor :o receiv$ !re9 8 collegiate tra9+4 ,an incid5t n[ br\ght ! usefulness ( ! telegraph into public recognition4 ,! ,national ,conv5tion to nom9ate a ,presid5t 0 9 session at ,baltimore4 ,james ,k4 ,polk _h be5 nom9at$ ,presid5t1 & ,silas ,wright1 !n 9 ! ,s5ate1 & 9 ,wa%+ton at ! "t1 z ,vice-,presid5t4 ,?is 0 communicat$ ov] ! wires4 ,9 a few m9utes ! conv5tion 0 a/oni%$ to receive a message f ,mr4 ,wright respectfully decl9+ ! nom9ation4 ,! presid+ (fic] read ! despat*1 b ! conv5tion c\ld n or w\ld n believe its au!nticity1 & adj\rn$ to await ! report ( a committee s5t to ,wa%+ton to conf] ) t g5tleman4 ,! committee confirm$ ! telegraphic message4 ,?is fact soon became kn[n :5 ! fame ( ! telegraph at once took w+4 ,x is relat$ t ab\t ?is "t t a prom95t function>y ask$ an assi/ant 8h[ l>ge a bundle c\ld be s5t ov] ! wires1 & if ! ,unit$ ,/ates mails c\ld n be s5t 9 ! same way60 ,"s wag did /raddle a pair ( dirty boots ov] ! wires & v s]i\sly told an a/oni%$ citiz5 t !y got dirty by com+ s rapidly f ,baltimore6 ,on ! op5+ ( ! gov]nm5t l9e1 ,mr4 ,o4 ,e4 ,wood1 at t "t connect$ ) ! eng9e]+ dep>tm5t ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 0 induc$ by 8 bro!r-9-law1 ,ezra ,cornell1 to give up 8 pr(ession & jo9 ,mr4 ,morse at ,wa%+ton4 ,he !n became ,mr4 ,morse's fir/ pupil4 ,9 ,novemb]1 #ahdd1 he receiv$ ov] ! wires f ,baltimore ! result ( ! ,presid5tial elections 9 ,nor!rn & ,ea/]n ,/ates1 & ) ,mr4 ,vail sp5t ! w9t] ( #ahdd-de 9 exhibit+ ! work+ ( ! telegraph to memb]s ( ,congress1 diplomatic repres5tatives & to visitors attract$ ?i!r f all p>ts ( ! globe4 ,he also transmitt$ to ! ,baltimore press a report ( ! proce$+s ( ,congress = publication4 ,on ,april #a1 #ahde1 ! l9e1 :i* _h be5 work$ z a curiosity1 0 ?r[n op5 = public bus9ess4 ,! op]ators appo9t$ 7 ,mr4 ,vail at ,wa%+ton & ,mr4 ,h5ry ,j4 ,rog]s at ,baltimore4 ,dur+ ! fir/ f\r days ! receipts am\nt$ to "o c5t4 ,?is 0 obta9$ f an (fice seek] :o said he _h no?+ less ?an a tw5ty doll> bill & "o c5t1 & ) ! mode/y ( 8 class1 want$ to witness ! op]ations ( ! telegraph free1 ?is 0 refus$ because aga9/ ord]s4 ,he 0 told he c\ld h a c5t's wor? ( telegraphy1 to :i* he agre$1 & he 0 gratifi$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,wa%+ton ask$ ,baltimore 8#d0 :i* meant 9 ! li/ ( signals 8:at "t is x80 ,baltimore repli$ 8#a10 :i* meant 8"o o'clock40 ,?is 0 "o "* ea* way :i* w\ld am\nt to half a c5t4 ,! man paid 8 "o c5t1 magnanim\sly decl9$ ! *ange1 & w5t 8 way satisfi$4 ,?is 0 ! total rev5ue ( f\r days4 ,on ! #e?1 twelve & a half c5ts2 ! six? 0 ! ,sabba?2 on ! sev5? ! receipts ran up to sixty c5ts2 on ! eigh?1 to a doll> & ?irty-two c5ts1 & on ! n9?1 to a doll> & f\r c5ts4 ,n a v dazzl+ prospect c]ta9ly1 yet wat*ful eyes saw its future value4 ,x is record$ t ab\t ?is "t a c]ta9 good dame1 ^: ideas ( discipl9e 7 some:at /]n & fundam5tal1 aft] survey+ a pole rec5tly plant$ ne> h] door1 plac+ h] h&s on h] haun*es1 & look+ critically at ! pole1 exclaim$1 8,n[ ,i s'pose no "o c spank _! brats )\t be9' kn[n to ! hull cree-a-tion60 ,! telegraph 0 fairly "u weigh4 ,pr(4 ,morse (f]$ to sell 8 rights to ! ,gov]nm5t = "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s1 b ! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al 0 n satisfi$4 ,! op]ations ( ! telegraph betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore _h n %[n him t1 "u any rate ( po/age t c\ld be devis$1 its rev5ue c\ld be made equal to its exp5diture4 ,! (f] 0 !re=e decl9$4 ,?is refusal 0 =tunate bo? = ! inv5tor & ! c\ntry4 ,! next move 0 to enli/ private capital1 & ?is 0 soon accompli%$4 ,! fir/ telegraph company 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! 8,magnetic ,telegraph ,company10 0 =m$1 b ?is 0 n atta9$ )\t difficulty4 ,e>ly 9 #ahde ,mr4 ,k5dall1 =m]ly ,po/ma/] ,g5]al 9 ,presid5t ,jackson's adm9i/ration1 0 induc$1 aft] mu* delib]ation & consultation1 to take a lead+ "p 9 organiz+ ! ,company4 ,x 0 ?\ght exp$i5t to make ! fir/ attempt to con/ruct a l9e betwe5 ,new ,york & ,philadelphia1 & to limit ! capital to ! probable co/ ( t section1 ! traffic betwe5 ^! l>ge cities be+ ext5sive1 & likely to prove remun]ative4 ,to aid 9 secur+ capital4 ,mr4 ,ezra ,cornell & ,mr4 ,o4 ,s4 ,wood w5t to ,new ,york to exhibit ! telegraphic app>atus ^u a %ort exp]im5tal l9e /rung on ! tops ( build+s4 ,(fices 7 op5$1 "o at #aab ,broadway1 & ! o!r 9 a build+ ne> :]e ! ,metropolitan ,hotel n[ /&s4 ,p]mission to all[ ! connect+ wires to be erect$ on ! tops ( h\ses 0 obta9$ ) mu* tr\ble1 & only aft] pay+ ,pr(4 ,silliman1 ,jr41 a fee ( fifty doll>s = an exp]t op9ion respect+ its safety be=e ! prop]ty own]s w\ld cons5t to ! wires be+ erect$4 ,! price ( admission to witness ! op]ation ( ! telegraph 0 tw5ty-five c5ts4 ,?is seem$ a novel way to secure capital 9 a great city l ,new ,york4 ,) ?is emb>go1 not)/&+ ! wond]ful "* ( ! inv5tion1 !re 0 n visitors en\gh to pay exp5ses2 ev]y?+ indicat$ pov]ty4 ,! exhibitors 7 s poor t "o ( !m 0 glad to use a c\ple ( common *airs = 8 nightly re/4 ,x 0 c]ta9ly a /range exp]i5ce = ! future pr9cely f\nd] ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 mak+ 8 breakfa/ out ( ! proce$s ( a %ill+ pick$ up1 z x 71 f ! sidewalks ( ,broadway1 & :i*1 he said1 7 ! be/ meals he _h ev] enjoy$4 ,! e/imat$ co/ ( a l9e f ,=t ,lee on ! ,hudson to ,philadelphia 0 #ae1jjj--;a mode/ sum to ask ( ! great city ( ,new ,york1 b ! m5 ( capital look$ ov] _! immaculate coll>s at ! tick+ ma*9]y1 & into ! faces ( ! hungry exhibitors1 & up at ! wire /raggl+ among ! *imney pots1 & !n d[n at ! meagre furniture1 & said 8,no20 ea* man fe>$ to be ! fir/ fool4 ,b :at capitali/s w\ld n d1 humbl] m5 did4 ,"o ( ! fir/ m5 9 ,new ,york to inve/ 8 money 9 ! new device 0 ! keep] ( an eat+-h\se on ,nassau ,/reet1 & :o aft]w>d became "o ( ! directors4 ,! money ne$$ 0 f9ally rais$1 b *iefly outside ( ,new ,york4 ,x 0 provid$ 9 ?is orig9al subscription t ! paym5t ( fifty doll>s %\ld entitle ! subscrib]s to two %>es ( fifty doll>s ea*4 ,a paym5t ( fifte5 ?\s& doll>s1 !re=e1 requir$ an issue ( #cj1jjj /ock4 ,to ! pat5tees 0 issu$ an additional #cj1jjj /ock1 or half ( ! capital1 z a consid]ation ( ! pat5t2 ! capital 01 !re=e1 #fj1jjj = ! fir/ l9k4 ,tru/ees 7 appo9t$ to hold ! pat5t rights & prop]ty until ! organization 0 effect$4 ,! incorporators 73-- ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse1 ,b4 ,b4 ,,fr5*1 ,,geo4 ,c4 ,,p5niman1 ,,h5ry ,j4 ,,rog]s1 ,,john ,s4 ,,mckim1 ,j4 ,t4 ,,trimble1 ,w4 ,m4 ,,swa91 ,,john ,o4 ,,/]ns1 ,a4 ,,sydney ,,doane4 8,,! ,,magnetic ,,telegraph ,,company40 ,e>ly 9 ,novemb]1 #ahde1 ! l9e 0 fir/ op5$ betwe5 ,philadelphia & ,norri/[n1 ,pa4 di/ant #ad miles1 s z to gratify public curiosity1 :ile ! build+ 0 go+ on beyond4 ,?is 0 complet$ to ,=t ,lee on ,janu>y #bj1 #ahdf1 & f ,baltimore to ,philadelphia1 ,june #e1 ! same ye>4 ,no attempt 0 made = a long "t to cross ! ,hudson4 ,9 ,april1 #ahej1 two gutta p]*a cov]$ wires 7 subm]g$ at ,=t ,lee1 :i* = a "t did good s]vice4 ,%ortly aft] ! =mation ( ! ,magnetic ,telegraph ,company 7! ,pione] ,telegraph ,company 9 ,am]ica71 num]\s organizations foll[$4 ,9 #ahei1 ! company amalgamat$ ) ! ,am]ican ,telegraph ,company4 ,,! ,,we/]n ,,union ,,telegraph ,,company ,,& ,,its ,,orig94 ,9 ,april1 #ahed1 a comb9ation 0 agre$ ^u betwe5 ! ,erie & ,mi*igan ,telegraph ,company & ! ,new ,york & ,mississippi ,valley ,pr9t+ ,telegraph ,company4 ,! unit$ capital be+ #ejj1jjj "u ! "n ( ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company1 by an act ( ! legislature ( ,wiscons91 dat$ ,m>* #d1 #ahef1 & ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ( ,april #d1 #ahef4 ,! foll[+ ye> ! ,mi*igan ,s\!rn ,telegraph ,company 0 add$ to ?is comb9ation4 ,! headqu>t]s ( ! ,company 7 at ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y4 ,o!r companies jo9$ ! unit$ companies & ! ,we/]n ,union f\nd x necess>y to transf] its headqu>t]s to ,new ,york1 b ! mo/ notable ( ^! consolidations took place 9 #ahff1 :5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,telegraph ,company1 z well z ! ,am]ican ,telegraph ,company1 jo9$ =ces ) ! ,we/]n ,union1 ?us virtually embrac+ ! entire telegraph bus9ess ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ?is ye> ! capital 0 readju/$ & appo9t$ to ! v>i\s int]e/s =m+ ! ,we/]n ,union comb9ation4 ,soon aft] ! union ( ! _m conflict+ telegraph int]e/s _h be5 effect$1 & ?r\gh fe> ( a burd5some monopoly1 a move 0 made t[>ds ! nationalization ( ! telegraphs4 ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 ?is 0 /r5u\sly oppos$ by ! telegraph company's repres5tatives1 & public s5tim5t 0 ) ! company4 ,al?\gh politicians z a rule 7 fav\rably incl9$ to su* a /ep1 ! majority ( ! p 7 aga9/ x1 or indiff]5t1 ) ! result t ! movem5t dropp$ out ( view1 & has s f> z kn[n nev] be5 reviv$ up to ?is p]iod4 ,9 telegraph op]ations little att5tion _h be5 giv5 to electricity z a sci5ce 9 ,am]ica4 ,any improvem5ts :i* _h be5 made 9 connection ) telegraphic appliances1 except 9 repeat+ appliances1 7 ( a comp>atively trifl+ & unsci5tific "*4 ,m>%all ,leff]ts _h done mu* to %[ ! value ( /ati/ics1 & _h laid d[n important gr\nd "w = sy/ematiz$ & sci5tific me?ods2 he _h ev5 introduc$ "s ( ! electric te/s by :i* ! telegraph wires aft]w>d became s pot5tial1 b no cle>ly def9$ sy/em _h be5 9 practice4 ,! batt]y man /ill multipli$ 8 cells1 empti$ 8 c>boys ( nitric or sulphuric acid1 & ba!d 8 z9cs 9 m]cury1 to raise ! telegraphic /eam2 ! pati5t op]ator turn$ & return$ dur+ ! long h\rs ( ! we>y nights ! spr+ ( 8 relay1 to cat* ! erratic movem5ts ( ! armature z x vibrat$ be=e ! *ang+ curr5ts on ! l9e4 ,cromwell ,v>ley1 a well-kn[n electrician ^: accompli%m5ts z a g5tleman ( education z well z a sci5ti/ _h prec$$ him 9 ! frequ5t appe>ance ( 8 "n 9 ! records ( sci5tific inve/igation1 _h arriv$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,orton1 at ?is "t ! ,presid5t ( ! ,we/]n ,union ,company1 invit$ ,mr4 ,v>ley to make a ?or\gh inve/igation into ! condition ( ! l9es & app>atus own$ by ! ,company4 ,! report made by ,mr4 ,v>ley1 m9ute & exhau/ive1 reveal$ a />tl+ condition ( ?+s--half ( ! wires 7 f\nd to be practically unavailable4 ,! be/ wires 9 ! s]vice %[$ a resi/ance f> above ! prop] /&>d4 ,a popul> relay 0 f\nd to h a resi/ance equal to "o hundr$ miles ( numb] #h wire1 ! use ( :i* 0 *ok+ ! mo/ important circuits4 ,! *ief value ( ,mr4 ,v>ley's report1 inde$ 0 9 giv+ a practical illu/ration ( ! imm5se value ( a sci5tific electrical tra9+4 ,! electrician n[ came to be an important factor 9 ,am]ican telegraphic "w4 ,to ?is report also may be fairly trac$ ! beg9n+ ( a s]ies ( improvem5ts & inv5tions :i* h made fam\s ! ,am]ican "n4 ,by remov+ ! ob/ructions to ! electric curr5t & r$uc+ resi/ances 9 wires1 magnets & batt]ies to a m9imum1 ! great possibilities ( ! wires 7 discov]$ 9 accompli%m5ts :i* 7 nev] dream$ (4 ,! duplex & quadruplex are great advances on ! old condition1 & w\ld h be5 inop]ative _h !y cont9u$4 ,! visit ( ,mr4 ,v>ley _h ano!r result--! consolidation ( s _m important organizations "u a s+le adm9i/ration _h unavoidably br\ght toge!r m or less discordant elem5ts2 ea* company _h its own peculi> me?ods1 ideas ( managem5t1 limitations ( au?ority1 rules ( ord]1 etc41 z well z ( t>iffs & comp5sation4 ,x 0 ( ! utmo/ importance t1 9 ord] to unity ( managem5t1 di/9ct & cle>ly def9$ ideas ( duty %\ld be made to p]meate ! entire work+ =ce s z to make conflict impossible1 & "w quick1 c]ta91 h>moni\s4 ,x 0 sc>cely less desirable also1 n[ t ! value ( electric k _h be5 demon/rat$1 t by "s means its atta9m5t might be r5d]$ easy & g5]al1 & a /imulus giv5 to its acquisition4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ,mr4 ,orton e/abli%$ ! j\rnal ( ! telegraph1 & its usefulness soon became app>5t2 its clipp+s f ! sci5tific j\rnals ( ,european & ,home pap]s on electric art soon came to be ! !me ( almo/ univ]sal int]e/4 ,a copy ( ?is pap] 0 mail$ to e (fice ( ! ,company z soon z issu$4 ,x became n only ! vehicle = executive ord]s = ! ann\ncem5t ( new (fices & ( *anges 9 ! t>iff1 b imp]ceptibly1 yet m>k$ly1 ! means ( infus+ an 8esprit de corps0 & s5se ( bro!rhood ?r\gh\t ! telegraph s]vice4 ,at ! solicitation ( ,mr4 ,orton1 ,mr4 ,james ,d4 ,reid accept$ ! managem5t ( ! j\rnal ( ! telegraph1 by :om x 0 admirably conduct$ = a numb] ( ye>s1 ) ! praisewor?y results previ\sly not$4 ,9 view ( ! rec5t b\nd>y arbitration betwe5 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,great ,brita91 x may be int]e/+ to recall ! circum/ances :i* l$ ! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t to become int]e/$ 9 ,alaska z a connect+ l9k 9 a telegraph project1 to connect ,europe & ,am]ica by l& wires4 ,:51 9 #aheh1 ! ,atlantic ,cable prov$ a failure1 & 0 look$ ^u z an utt] impossibility1 a ,mr4 ,coll9s1 ! ,am]ican comm]cial ag5t resid5t at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 propos$ to con/ruct a l9e ( telegraph ov]l& f ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7via7 ,behr+ ,/rait & ,asiatic ,russia to ,europe4 ,p]ceiv+ ! importance ( ! project1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,co*rane1 a memb] ( ,congress & ( ! ,committee on ,comm]ce1 report$ to t body on ,feb4 #ah1 #ahfa1 a bill appropriat+ #ej1jjj = 8,! ,survey ( ! ,nor!rn ,wat]s1 ,coa/s & ,isl&s ( ! ,pacific ,ocean & ,behr+ ,/rait1 hav+ ref]5ce to telegraphic connection ) ,russia10 & express+ full fai? 9 its possibility4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 ,feb4 #ag1 #ahfb1 ,mr4 ,la?am also made an elaborate report1 reveal+ ! va/ progress ( telegraphs 9 ,europe & ! en?usia/ic & enlight5$ action ( ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t 9 ! propos$ ext5sion ( h] telegraph sy/em to ! ,pacific4 ,a l9e _h already be5 mapp$ out f ,kazan1 ?r\gh ,circassia4 ,f ,omsk a l9e 0 trac$ out ) ! design ( rea*+ ,india ?r\gh ! ,nor!rn ,c5tral gate ( ,asia4 ,/ill ano!r 0 project$ f ! ,amoor l9e to ,pek91 ,%anghai1 ,amoy & ,hong ,kong--?us1 to rea* ! trade ( ,*9a1 ^! projects %[$ ! value ( ! telegraph to comm]ce4 ,mr4 ,la?am ask$ an appropriation ( #ajj1jjj = a survey ( ! r\te f ,cali=nia to ! ,amoor4 ,russia (f]$ h] aid & a rebate ( =ty p] c5t4 on ,am]ican messages :5 communication 0 e/abli%$4 ,russia _h already assur$ ! con/ruction ( ! l9e #g1jjj miles f ,mosc[ to ! ,pacific4 ,secret>y ,sew>d took a deep int]e/ 9 ! ent]prise1 9 a report to ! ,s5ate1 ,may #d1 #ahfd4 ,on ! proposition ( ,mr4 ,coll9s1 he said3 8,i ?9k x may be reg>d$ z settl$ t ! ,unit$ ,/ates _c neglect to employ telegraphic communication ) =eign c\ntries1 & yet expect to ma9ta9 a heal?ful comm]ce ) !m2 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates _c hope to inspire respect1 confid5ce & good w abroad1 & to secure peace ) =eign ,/ates1 )\t us+ ! magnetic telegraph :5 x is possible4 ,i d n "k any "o object ly+ )9 ! scope ( our =eign relations m directly important ?an ! pres]vation ( peace & fri5d%ip ) ,great ,brita9 & ,russia2 nor c ,i conceive ( any measure ( nationality t w\ld m effectually t5d to secure t great object ?an ! con/ruction ( ?is propos$ int]national telegraph40 ,! s5tim5ts ?us (ficially express$ by ,mr4 ,sew>d 7 respond$ to by all intellig5t m51 & ! ,russian l9e 0 ! mo/ popul> ( ! ent]prises ( ! p]iod4 ,! proposition to con/ruct ! ,russian ,am]ican l9e 0 fir/ =mally submitt$ by ,mr4 ,coll9s to ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company1 ,sept4 #bh1 #ahfc1 & aga9 at a meet+ ( ! bo>d ( t company 9 ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y41 ,m>* #af1 #ahfd4 ,x 0 9 ! =m ( a lett] f ,mr4 ,coll9s1 reque/+ ! acceptance ( 8 project to connect ,europe & ,am]ica by way ( ! ,behr+ ,/rait1 & (f]+1 if accept$ )9 tw5ty days1 to transf] 8 rights & privileges "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,! t]ms (f]$ by him 7 accept$ by ! bo>d ( directors4 ,soon aft] ?is con/ruction comm5c$1 beg9n+ at ,new ,we/m9/]1 ,b4,c41 ! t]m9us ( ! ,cali=nia ,/ate ,telegraph ,company4 ,! l9e 9 a few mon?s 0 c>ri$ to ! ,ske5a riv]4 ,mean:ile ,mr4 ,s]ge ,abasa1 a ,russian g5tleman :o _h ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,we/]n ,union ,company1 0 despat*$ to ! ,asiatic coa/ betwe5 ! m\? ( ! ,amoor & ,behr+ ,/rait4 ,mr4 ,abasa report$1 ,janu>y #ah1 #ahff3--8;,in=m ! directors1 ! entire ext5t betwe5 ,anadyr & ,okhotsk di/rict has be5 survey$1 b ! r\te ( ! l9e has be5 det]m9$ by me 9 p]son1 & not)/&+ ! sc>city ( labor]s 9 ! c\ntry1 ,i h comm5c$ prep>atory works 9 ,anudirsk1 ,jijig9sk1 ,yamsk1 ,ta\sk & ,okhotsk40 ,9 ! mid/ ( all ?is en?usiasm1 h[ev]1 ! ,great ,ea/]n1 at ! docks ( an ,engli% h>bor 0 hav+ a cable coil$ 9 h] imm5se hold = ano!r attempt to lay a subm>9e l9e betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,:5 x 0 ann\nc$ t at la/ victory _h come1 & t ! cont95ts 7 speak+ to ea* o!r ) easy g>rulity1 ! ov]l& l9e 0 ab&on$4 ,x 0 a "q ( two ?\s& miles ( cable aga9/ sixte5 ?\s& miles ( l& l9e1 half ( :i* 0 along an un9habit$ coa/4 ,! advantage ( ! cable 0 too palpable2 ord]s 71 !re=e1 issu$ recall+ ! m54 ,already "s eight hundr$ & fifty miles ( l9e _h be5 built1 & 0 9 op]ation betwe5 ,new ,we/m9/]1 ,b4,c41 & ! ,ske5a ,riv]4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t 7 duly notifi$ ( ! /oppage ( ! "w by ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company1 to :i* ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate wrote ! foll[+ reply3-- ,i am n "o ( ^? :o h be5 disappo9t$ by ! complete & magnific5t success ( ! ,int]national ,atlantic ,telegraph4 ,i reg>d x z tribut>y to an expansion ( our national comm]ce1 & ultimately to our political in/itutions1 bo? ( :i* are important =ces 9 ! progress ( civilization4 ,i w\ld n h ! ,atlantic become dumb aga9 if !reby ,i c\ld imm$iately secure ! success ( ! ,int]-,cont95tal ,pacific ent]prise :i* 0 committ$ into y\r h&s4 ,nev]!less1 ,i confess to a pr(\nd disappo9tm5t 9 ! susp5sion ( ! latt] ent]prise4 ,i admit t ! reasons y h assign$ = ! susp5sion seem to be irresi/ible4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i abate no jot ( my =m] e/imate ( ! importance ( ! ,int]-,cont95tal ,pacific ,telegraph4 ,i d n believe t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,russia h giv5 _! fai? to ea* o!r & to ! _w = ! prosecution ( t great ent]prise 9 va94 ,w4 ,h4 ,,sew>d4 ,! loss 0 v great to ! ent]pris+ company :o _h und]tak5 ! responsibility1 b ev]y?+ 0 paid up )\t a murmur4 ,! sum exp5d$ am\nt$ to #c1agj1bib4 ,t ! ,we/]n ,union 0 enabl$ to defray ?is enorm\s exp5diture )\t 9 any way impair+ its /ock value or cr$it prov$ ! solidity ( ! ,company ev5 at t p]iod ( its hi/ory4 ,! fri5dly int]c\rse betwe5 ! ,am]ican & ,russian au?orities 9 connection ) _! telegraph project 01 no d\bt1 ! direct cause ( ! subsequ5t negotiations betwe5 ! two ,gov]nm5ts = ! sale & pur*ase ( ,alaska1 ! advantages ( :i* ! a/ute ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,mr4 ,sew>d1 became cognizant1 & f9ally consummat$ ! transf] ( t t]ritory f ,russia to ! great ,republic4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( telegraph ent]prise ! necessity soon became evid5t t1 9 ord] to provide ! requisite facilities = public conv5i5ce & = ! economical employm5t ( capital1 ! consolidation ( ! _m /ruggl+ companies 0 self-evid5t4 ,?is policy has be5 c>ri$ out effectually by ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company1 :i* gradually absorb$ by lease or pur*ase upw>ds ( fifty conc]ns f ! date ( its organization at ,ro*e/]1 ,n4,y41 to ! removal ( its (fices to ,new ,york4 ,9 #ahff ?is ,company _h virtually absorb$ all rival & oppos+ companies ( any importance4 ,! comm&+ position rea*$ by ! ,we/]n ,union 9 #ahff1 ) its gr[+ ramifications cov]$ by #ge1jjj miles ( wire1 has /eadily advanc$ until ! pres5t4 ,x embraces 9 its great sy/em ov] #a1jjj1jjj miles ( wire1 ov] #bc1ejj sep>ate (fices1 two atlantic cables1 a cable to ,cuba ) connections ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ ,indies1 & close direct connections ) all p>ts ( ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,9 ,canada ! ,great ,nor?we/]n ,telegraph ,company1 :i* leas$ ! ,montreal & ,dom9ion ,telegraph ,companies1 is controll$ by ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company4 ,s also is ! ,nova ,scotia & ,new ,brunswick ,telegraph ,companies4 ,9 #ahgb1 six ye>s aft] its reorganization1 ! ,we/]n ,union own$ 9 ,pole mileage4 ,wire mileage4 #fb1jcc #acg1aij ,9 #ahhb #aca1jfj #cgd1cfh 0 #ahib #ahi1egf #gci1aje 0 #aijb #aif1aae #a1jbi1ihd ,9 #ahgb x _h #e1bcg (fices 0 #ahhb 0 #ab1jfh 0 0 #ahib 0 #bj1gjj 0 0 #aijb 0 #bc1efg 0 ,9 #ahgb x transmitt$ #ab1ddd1dig messages 0 #ahhb 0 0 #ch1hdb1bdg 0 0 #ahib 0 0 #fb1chg1bih 0 0 #aijb 0 0 #fi1cgc1jie 0 ,9 #ahgb its receipts 7 #h1deg1jie #gg 0 #ahhb 0 0 #ag1aad1afe #ib 0 #ahib 0 0 #bc1gjf1djd #gb 0 #aijb 0 0 #bh1jgc1jie #aj ,9 #aijb1 #b1ejf miles ( poles & #eg1bah miles ( wires 7( :i* #bh1gfg miles 7 copp]7 & #cbi (fices h be5 add$ to its sy/em4 ,! increase 9 ! numb] ( messages transmitt$ 9 #aijb ov] #aija 0 #c1gag1hcd4 ,?is increase does n include messages s5t by brok]s1 press association & o!rs ov] wires !y lease f ! ,company1 nor railway messages "u contracts4 ,! receipts = ! transmission ( regul> comm]cial messages increas$ 9 #aijb ov] ! previ\s ye> #a1cdh1eca4cd & f leas$ wires #dea1gdi4fd4 ,! ma9t5ance & recon/ruction ( ?is enorm\s sy/em co/ ! ,company 9 #aijb #c1eia1jfi4ag1 & #b1ahh1aja4jc 7 exp5d$ 9 ! con/ruction ( new l9es dur+ ! same ye>4 ,?r\gh ! re-arrangem5t ( ! op]at+ =ces & sub/itution ( direct work+ circuits = repeat+ or relay (fices a r$uction ( #chh1gdf has be5 effect$ & ! s]vice besides greatly improv$4 ,9 #aijc contracts 7 made e>ly 9 t ye> ) v>i\s railway companies = ! build+ ( #af1hjj miles ( l9e4 ,! capital /ock ( ! ,company is #ajj1jjj1jjj1 on :i* a divid5d ( #e p] c5t4 p] annum is paid1 payable qu>t]ly4 ,! ,company has _h ! good =tune to h secur$ m5 ( conspicu\s ability to direct its affairs f its inception to ! pres5t "t4 ,,! ,,po/al ,,telegraph ,,cable ,,company4 ,?is ,company 0 organiz$ 9 #ahha4 ,its orig9al promot]s expect$ by ! use ( comp\nd /eel & copp] wire ( l>ge size & ! use ( ! ,leggo-automatic & ,gray-h>monic app>atus to transmit a l>ge volume ( bus9ess by ! use ( s few wires & at su* a spe$ t a uni=m & l[ rate w\ld produce a rev5ue suffici5t to ju/ify a capitalization l>gely 9 excess ( ! co/ ( ! plant4 ,! "n po/al 0 *os5 ^u ! !ory t ! new plan ( con/ruction & me?od ( transmission w\ld br+ ! prop]ty into ext5sive use 9 competition ) or p]haps z an auxili>y ( ! ,po/-,(fice dep>tm5t4 ,h[ f> ! purpose ( ! f\nd]s 0 speculative ne$ n n[ be consid]$4 ,probably "s ( !m 7 s9c]e 9 _! beliefs1 b !y 7 ignorant ( ! telegraph bus9ess1 & ! fallacy ( _! plan 0 soon demon/rat$4 ,9 ord] to help a fri5d1 :o _h become l>gely involv$ 9 ! bonds ( ! ,company1 ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,mackay f\nd himself 9 control ( ! prop]ty 9 #ahhd4 ,he _h 9 ! meantime be5 induc$ to int]e/ himself 9 ! organization ( a new cable s]vice betwe5 ,great ,brita91 ,france & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ( :i*1 ?r\gh ! failure ( "s ( ^? :o 7 to jo9 9 ! ent]prise1 he also came into control4 ,hav+ 8put 8 h& to ! pl[10 s to speak1 al?\gh ! bus9ess 0 :olly new to him1 he 0 n ! man to turn back1 & ! m he exam9$ ! m]it ( ! bus9ess itself1 ! bett] satisfi$ he became t1 if x c\ld be prop]ly conduct$ 9 its details & ! complicat$ & *aotic condition ( ! num]\s comp>atively small1 b ru9\sly compet+ l& l9e companies c\ld be br\ght into "r =m & ord]1 a successful & 9 e way cr$itable bus9ess wor?y ( ! employm5t ( 8 ample res\rces c\ld be built up4 ,:5 ! ,we/]n ,union ,company1 e>ly 9 #ahha1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,mr4 ,jay ,g\ld1 acquir$ control ( ! ,atlantic ,pacific1 ! ,am]ican ,union & ! comb9$ ,canadian telegraphs1 & =m$ an alliance ) ! cable companies1 x !n seem$ z if competition 9 ! telegraph bus9ess _h come to an end1 & _m ( its able/ m5 7 ( t op9ion1 b by ! end ( #ahhd m ext5sive & m injuri\s competition _h be5 built up 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an _h ev] exi/$ be=e1 & ! possibility ( br++ ord] out ( su* *aos seem$ remote1 b ,mr4 ,mackay 0 n disc\rag$4 ,e>ly 9 #ahhd he secur$ ! s]vices ( ,mr4 ,george ,g4 ,w>d1 :o _h be5 br\ght up 9 ! bus9ess ( ! telegraph 9 ,engl&1 & _h be5 9 ! s]vice ( ! cable companies almo/ f _! inception1 & 0 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,direct ,unit$ ,/ates ,cable ,company f #ahge to #ahhc4 ,"u 8 direction ! fir/ ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company's cables 0 complet$ 9 ,decemb]1 #ahhd4 ,e>ly 9 t mon? ,mr4 ,alb]t ,b4 ,*&l] ent]$ ,mr4 ,mackay's p]sonal s]vice1 hav+ be5 assur$ ( 8 purpose to p]man5tly e/abli% a telegraph sy/em ^u s\nd & j pr9ciples respect+ :i* !y 7 9 full accord4 ,mr4 ,*&l] _h s]v$ 9 almo/ e capacity kn[n to ! telegraph bus9ess1 f op]ator 9 #aheh to ,presid5t 9 #ahgi1 & _h won ! confid5ce ( proprietors ( telegraph prop]ty1 ( _! (ficials & employees1 & ! public z a practical1 en]getic & cons]vative manag]4 ,"u 8 guidance z receiv]1 ! mortgage :i* _h be5 plac$ ^u ! prop]ty ( ! ,po/al ,telegraph ,company "u complete misappreh5sion ( its e>n+ p[]1 0 =eclos$4 ,! ,po/al ,telegraph ,cable ,company1 ( :i* he became ,presid5t & ,g5]al ,manag] e>ly 9 #ahhf1 0 organiz$4 ,extremely complicat$ & vexati\s litigation1 *iefly a legacy f ! small] companies1 0 gradually remov$1 & :51 ne> ! close ( #ahhg1 ! v>i\s fragm5t>y companies _h be5 acquir$ by ei!r ! ,we/]n ,union or ! ,po/al ,companies1 competition1 bas$ ^u ! cutt+ ( rates1 rebates & o!r wa/eful practices :i* c\ld only end 9 de/ruction1 0 promptly t]m9at$ by ! compet+ companies4 ,s9ce !n ! telegraph bus9ess has be5 c>ri$ on 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 a m bus9ess-l & progressive mann] ?an ev] be=e4 ,!re is s little friction betwe5 ! two companies app>5t to ! public1 t x is sometimes *>g$1 or at lea/ suspect$1 !y are 9 actual alliance1 b su* is n ! case4 ,competition = patronage 0 nev] s %>p z n[1 b x is bas$ ^u excell5ce ( facilities & s]vice & treatm5t ( patrons1 & n ^u any =m ( buy+ patronage ) money1 :i* has prov5 ! ru9 ( s _m companies ^: *ief purpose seem$ to be to d ! mo/ h>m 9 ! %orte/ "t1 9 ord] to sell or lease _! prop]ty = m ?an x 0 fairly wor?4 ,probably no two m5 ev] _h m complete control ( l>ge int]e/s n _! own dur+ _! =mative p]iod ?an has be5 ! case ( ,mr4 ,*&l] & ,mr4 ,w>d 9 _! respective positions1 & to ,mr4 ,mackay's implicit confid5ce 9 !m may be attribut$ mu* ( ! success t has be5 atta9$ by ! ,comm]cial ,cable & ,po/al ,telegraph ,companies1 :i* are n[ practically "o prop]ty4 ,mo/ ( ! pr9cipal (fic]s ( ^! companies h be5 br\ght to _! pres5t positions by ^! g5tlem51 & ! bus9ess is conduct$ ) s+ul> h>mony & effici5cy4 ,mr4 ,mackay1 :o 0 f its inception ,presid5t ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company1 assum$ also ! ,presid5cy ( ! ,po/al ,company e>ly 9 #aija at ! e>ne/ reque/ ( ,mr4 ,*&l]1 :o desir$ to be reliev$1 p>tly by reason ( some:at impair$ heal?1 & p>tly because ( 8 pref]5ce to sp5d mu* ( 8 "t 9 8 ,v]mont home4 ,^u 8 retirem5t f active *>ge1 he 0 made ,*airman ( ! ,bo>d ( ,directors1 & 9 ?is capacity r5d]s a v>iety ( s]vices & ex]cises z a useful influ5ce4 ,he is /ill1 z he has be5 = _m ye>s1 a ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company1 ( :i* ,mr4 ,w>d cont9ues z fir/ ,vice-,presid5t & ,g5]al ,manag]4 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay has succe$$ 8 fa!r z ,presid5t ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable & ,po/al ,telegraph ,companies1 & ent]$ ) great pride & en]gy into ! project ( lay+ a cable to ,hawaii & ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s z project$ by 8 fa!r4 ,^! v important l9ks 9 ! circuit r\nd ! globe adds fur!r p[] & opportunity to ! ,po/al ,company1 ^: activity seems n[ to h fairly begun1 & be+ laid ^u s\nd f\ndations ( f9ance1 con/ruction & me?ods ( bus9ess is evid5tly de/9$ to cont9ue an increas+ success4 ,! foll[+ figures %[ ! pole & wire mileage1 numb] ( (fices op]at$ or rea*$1 & numb] ( messages h&l$ 9 #aijc by ! ,po/al ,telegraph ,cable ,company1 its subsidi>y companies & direct connections 9 ,nor? ,am]ica3 ,pole mileage #dh1hja ,wire 0 #bgf1bdd ,po9ts rea*$ #ai1igg;,a ,messages h&l$ #ba1fjj1egg ,numb] ( new (fices add$ 9 #aijc #c1gbi ,a #a1ghb ( ^! are rea*$ by no o!r company4 ,! prop]ties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates own$ & controll$ by ! ,po/al ,company repres5t an inve/m5t 9 l9es & equipm5t aggregat+ ab\t #be1jjj1jjj4 ,9 ord] to p]petuate ! "n ( 8 fa!r1 ! virtual f\nd] ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable & ,po/al ,telegraph ,companies1 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay1 ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,companies1 rec5tly address$ a circul> lett] to ! /ockhold]s invit+ ! deposit ( _! /ock = ex*ange = %>es 9 a tru/ee%ip creat$ "u ! ,massa*usetts laws ) ! "n ( 8,! ,mackay ,companies40 ,! capitalization ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company1 :i* also owns ! ,po/al ,telegraph & ,cable ,company1 is #ae1jjj1jjj1 ^u :i* #h p] c5t4 divid5ds are paid4 8,! ,mackay ,companies0 has au?oriz$ = ex*ange = ?is /ock #cj1jjj1jjj p> value ( its own #d p] c5t4 cumulative pref]r$ %>es & a l am\nt ( common %>es1 s t ea* /ockhold] 9 ! ,cable ,company w receive = 8 hold+s #bjj p] c5t4 9 ! common %>es ( ! new conc]n4 ,! ,tru/ees are ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay1 ,john ,i4 ,wat]bury1 ,presid5t ( ! ,manhattan ,tru/ ,company ( ,new ,york2 ,t4 ,jeff]son ,coolidge1 jun41 ,presid5t ( ! ,old ,colony ,tru/ ,company ( ,bo/on1 bo? directors ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company1 & ,mr4 ,w4 ,cook1 ,c\nsel to ! ,company4 ,! plan is practically consummat$4 ,mr4 ,mackay said 9 reply to an enquiry t ?is action on 8 "p 0 ! outcome ( 8 desire to put on a p]man5t basis ! prop]ties creat$ by 8 fa!r1 & to provide = all cont+5cies t might arise f dea? or *anges 9 comm]cial conditions4 ,he w cont9ue to devote 8 entire "t to ! active managem5t ( ! ,company4 ,! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company owns & op]ates f\r transatlantic cable l9es & its connect+ l9es betwe5 ,nova ,scotia & ,new ,york1 & ,irel& & ,france1 9 all "s f\rte5 ?\s& miles ( cable1 ) also ! cable f ,san ,francisco to ,honolulu & !nce to ! ,philipp9es4 ,! ,mackay sy/em has an exclusive connection ) ! ,canadian ,pacific telegraphs & ) ! all r$ cable l9e to ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal&4 ,,! ,,associat$ ,,press ,,( ,,am]ica4 7,london ,daily ,express47 ,) ! evolution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates into a _w p[] !re has gr[n up across ! ,atlantic ! greate/ news-ga!r+ ag5cy ev] imag9$ or creat$1 ^: despat*es are mom5t>ily be+ read by ne>ly half a hundr$ million p1 & ^u :i* ,europe itself is sometimes dep5d5t = ! fir/ ^w or :isp] ( :at has happ5$ )9 h] own gates4 ,! "n ( ! ag5cy :i* supplies ,am]ica ) its news is ! ,associat$ ,press4 ,/>tl+ 9 its scope1 romantic 9 its hi/ory1 ! ,associat$ ,press has n[1 probably1 m influ5ce ^u daily int]national ev5ts ?an any o!r ag5t1 except ! w ( ! peoples1 :i* x helps to =m4 ,sixty ye>s ago1 :5 ,am]ica 0 9 indu/rial & political *ildhood1 its pap]s dep5d$ = news ^u ,associat$ ,press po/-boys1 :o1 aft] meet+ incom+ s*oon]s at ,new ,york1 rode hot ha/e1 or leisurely1 accord+ to ! "* ( ! rid] & nature ( ! bea/1 to ! v>i\s pap]s inl&4 ,to-day ! ,associat$ ,press s5ds ov] #ca1jjj miles ( private telegraph l9es1 :i* =m a network across ! cont95t ( ,am]ica1 ?\s&s & ?\s&s ( columns1 supply+ ab\t #c1jjj ,am]ican pap]s ) news ( :at is happ5+ f m9ute to m9ute 9 ,am]ica & abroad4 ,,network ,,( ,,wires4 ,9 addition1 ! ,associat$ ,press keeps ,europe & ! re/ ( ! _w in=m$ ( ! news ( ! great ,republic1 ga!r$ & di/ribut$ by ov] #b1jjj employees1 :o are support$ on an annual rev5ue ( ov] half a million /]l+4 ,! ,associat$ ,press 0 />t$ ab\t #ahdj1 :5 sev5 ( ! ,new ,york daily pap]s comb9$ to r$uce ! exp5se ( news by po/-boys4 ,! organization at pres5t consi/s ( ov] #gjj ( ! lead+ ,am]ican daily pap]s4 ,ea* pap] has a vote :]eby fifte5 directors are elect$4 ,^! 9 turn elect (fic]s4 ,?r\gh contract relations #b1cjj o!r pap]s are grant$ ! ,associat$ ,press ,news s]vice1 mak+ a total ( #c1jjj out ( ! #c1bjj daily pap]s publi%$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,^! #c1jjj pap]s h a daily issue ( #ae1jjj1jjj1 & ea* pap] is e/imat$ by an imp>tial /ati/ician to pass ?r\gh ! h&s ( ?ree p]sons2 h5ce x is e/imat$ t e despat* s5t by ! ,associat$ ,press rea*es #de1jjj pairs ( eyes4 ,! ,associat$ ,press is n 9 itself a pr(it-mak+ conc]n1 be+ purely co-op]ative1 & has no?+ :atev] to d ) any adv]tis+4 ,its pap]s1 :i* include ^? ( all languages1 cre$s & politics1 are assess$ accord+ to ! exp5diture involv$ 9 ga!r+ & di/ribut+ ! home & =eign news4 ,ov] its own telegraph wires ! ,associat$ ,press s5ds ?r\gh its own telegraph op]ators1 ea/1 we/1 nor? & s\?1 ! news ( ! mom5t4 ,,"s ,,quick ,,"w4 ,?is is receiv$ 9 its bran* (fices 9 all ! important t[ns ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & transmitt$ to ! pap]s4 ,! result ( la/ ye>'s ,d]by 0 9 ! ,new ,york (fice ( ! ,associat$ ,press1 ne>ly #c1jjj miles away1 tw5ty-five seconds aft] 8,rock ,s&0 _h pass$ ! w9n+ po/1 & 0 publi%$ 9 ,san ,francisco1 ab\t #g1jjj miles f ,epsom1 two m9utes aft]w>ds4 ,int]e/+ z is ?is sy/em :]eby ! news ( ,am]ica & ! outside _w is simultane\sly di/ribut$ to ! ,am]ican pap]s--a sy/em ( me*anical +5uity & organization t w\ld require sev]al columns to describe adequately--x mu/ be almo/ ( second>y importance to ,engli% read]s comp>$ ) ! influ5ce wield$ by ?is ,am]ican news ag5cy ov] matt]s ,briti% & ,european4 ,! ,associat$ ,press has treaty relations ) ! ?ree great ,european news ag5cies1 viz41 ,reut]'s1 :i* supplies ,great ,brita91 ,great] ,brita91 all ! ,briti% possessions1 ,egypt & ! ,f> ,ea/1 except ,tonqu91 ) _! news4 ,havas1 :i* cov]s ! newsfield ( ,france1 & ?r\gh its subsidi>y ag5cies all ! ,lat9 c\ntries1 includ+ ,s\? ,am]ica2 & ,wolff's1 :i* f ,b]l9 controls & di/ributes ! news ( ,g]many & all ! ,teutonic c\ntries1 &1 ?r\gh allies1 ! news ( ,russia1 ,au/ria-,hung>y1 ! ,slav c\ntries1 ,sc&9avia & ,dani% t]ritory4 ,^! ?ree ,european ag5cies 9 turn rely ^u tribut>y ag5cies su* z ! ,telbureau1 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg2 ! ,/efani1 9 ,rome2 ! ,fabr91 9 ,madrid1 & ! ,corresponz1 9 ,vi5na--all (ficial voices ( ,gov]nm5t op9ion4 ,,no ,,sales ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,^! ,european ag5cies & _! tribut>ies con/itute "o great cle>+-h\se ( news4 ,havas ga!rs ! news ( ,france prim>ily into ,p>is2 !nce x radiates ?r\gh\t ! _w3 to ,reut] = ,engl&1 to ! ,associat$ ,press = ,am]ica1 to ,/efani = ,italy1 & s on4 ,9 ?is way a budget compris+ ! news ( ! _w appe>s day by day4 ,n cont5t ) receiv+ = its pap]s ! news ( ,europe ?r\gh ! ag5cies already m5tion$1 ! ,associat$ ,press has e/abli%$ 9 practically all ! ,european capitals1 bureaus ( its own4 ,9 ,london ! ,associat$ ,press keeps a l>ge /aff1 ?\gh no attempt is made to sell a s+le item ( news to ,engli% pap]s4 ,all _! "w is to ga!r news & s5d x to ,am]ica4 ,9 ,london ! /aff ( ! ,associat$ ,press1 z x is famili>ly call$1 is "u ! direct sup]vision ( ,mr4 ,walt] ,neef1 :o is 9 *>ge ( ! entire ,european s]vice4 ,! correspond5ts resid5t on ! cont95t are 9 close t\* ) ! ,*ancell]ies1 & are welcom$ at _! respective ,=eign ,(fices ) a k9dness t speaks eloqu5tly = ! fri5d%ip ^! ,european nations are will+ to (f] to ,am]ica4 ,! fir/ news ( ! arbitration treaty t seal$ ! ,anglo-,fr5* 8ent5te0 0 cabl$ to ,new ,york by ! ,associat$ ,press f ,p>is1 & re-cabl$ to ,london1 :]e x 0 promptly d5i$ by no less an au?ority ?an ! ,times4 ,! fir/ news ( ! rec5t ,anglo-,spani% treaty came to ,engl& f ! ,associat$ ,press 9 ,new ,york1 hav+ be5 cabl$ f its ,london (fice4 ,:5 ,m>t9ique 0 deva/at$ by a volcanic eruption1 :i* includ$ among its victims ! correspond5t ( ! ,associat$ ,press at ,/4 ,pi]re1 ! ,=t de ,france repres5tative call$ on ,mr4 ,melville ,e4 ,/one1 ! ,g5]al ,manag]1 !n 9 ,new ,york1 = assi/ance4 ,mr4 ,/one promptly plac$ a /eam] at 8 s]vice1 & ! o!r correspond5ts ( ! ,associat$ ,press 9 places ( dang] 7 rescu$1 & liv$ to tell to ! _w ! /ory ( t hide\s visitation4 ,?is co/ ! ,associat$ ,press ab\t #e1jjj1 & t is ! sum x usually exp5ds on ! int]national ya*t races = ! ,am]ica ,cup1 :i* are report$ = ,engl& & ,am]ica by correspond5ts & half a doz5 special boats equipp$ ) wireless telegraphic in/rum5ts4 ,:5 ,pope ,leo di$1 ,london1 ,p>is1 ,b]l9 & o!r ,european capitals got ! fir/ intimation ( 8 dea? f ,new ,york4 ,! ,associat$ ,press correspond5t 9 ,rome _h telegraph$ ! news on :i* all ! _w wait$1 & x _h arriv$ 9 ,am]ica exactly n9e m9utes aft] hav+ be5 s5t out f ! ,vatican1 :i* is ne>ly two miles f ! c5tral telegraphic (fice 9 ,rome4 ,?is gave ! ,associat$ ,press "t to re-cable ! news to ,europe be=e x _h arriv$ f ano!r s\rce4 ,on t day ! ,associat$ ,press publi%$ 9 its ,am]ican pap]s ov] "o page ( closely pr9t$ description ( ! ev5ts c5t]+ r\nd ! ,vatican1 all ( :i* 0 cabl$ f ,rome aft] #d o'clock on ! prec$+ aft]noon4 ,:5 ,c>d9al ,s>to 0 elect$ ,pope1 ! news aga9 came to ,europe 9 ! same way--f ! ,associat$ ,press (fice 9 ,new ,york4 ,! decision ( ! ,alaska ,b\nd>y ,commission 0 cabl$ by ! ,associat$ ,press to ,new ,york & ,canada on a ,saturday1 & re-cabl$ back to ,engl& = ! ,sunday pap]s1 ?\gh x 0 n (ficially ann\nc$ 9 ,london until ! foll[+ ,tuesday4 ,to come to /ill m rec5t ev5ts1 ! news ( ! transmission ( ,russia's f9al note to ,japan 0 receiv$ 9 ,london f ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg correspond5t ( ! ,associat$ ,press via ,new ,york1 :ile despat*es f ! same ag5cy ann\nc$ 9 ,am]ica ! rupture ( diplomatic relations & ! practical outbreak ( w> z e>ly z ,saturday aft]noon on ,febru>y #f4 ,a ,,manag]ial ,,g5ius4 ,mr4 ,melville ,e4 ,/one1 ! ,g5]al ,manag] & presid+ g5ius ( ! ,associat$ ,press1 ^: indomitable 8grit0--z !y say 9 ,am]ica--0 ! *ief factor 9 ! victory won :5 ! ,associat$ ,press f\ght = five ye>s = supremacy 9 ,am]ica1 has rec5tly paid a fly+ visit to ,engl&1 aft] be+ receiv$ by ! ,cz> 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg & by ! ,kais] 9 ,b]l94 ,sev]al o!r cr[n$ heads h be5 pleas$ to consult ) ,mr4 ,/one1 :o naturally is "o ( ! mo/ prom95t ( ,am]icans4 ,he has be5 decorat$ by ! ,k+ ( ,italy1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,fr5* ,republic1 & ! ,kais]4 ,z a result ( ,mr4 ,/one's p]sonal sugge/ion1 ! ,cz> has remov$ ! c5sor%ip on all news t leaves ,russia = abroad4 ,9 a few h\rs ! head ( ! ,am]ican news ag5cy 0 able to conv9ce ! ,rul] ( ,all ! ,russias t ! c5sor%ip 0 n only useless1 b absolutely h>mful to ! ,empire4 ,! tradition ( c5turies has be5 swept away1 &1 on ! ^w ( ! ,cz>1 all ! _w w be free to h ! individual op9ions ( correspond5ts :o may c>e to come into ,russian doma94 ,no c\ntry is likely to b5efit m by ?is decision ( ! ,cz> ?an ,russia itself2 no public is likely to be m sl[ to realize ! g5u95ess ( ! *ange ?an t ( ,europe4 ,! ext5t ( ! revolution effect$ c sc>cely be gaug$ except by ^? :o "k ,russia well4 ,:5 ask$ ! o!r day to :at pr9ciples ?is ,am]ican news ag5cy ow$ its asc5dancy 9 ! _w1 ,mr4 ,/one laconically repli$3 8,accuracy ( /atem5t & spe$ 9 transmission40 ,( su* is ! ,associat$ ,press ( ,am]ica4 ,illu/ration3 ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse4 ,,pr(4 ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse4 ,born ,april #bg1 #agia1 at ,*>le/on1 ,mass4 ,8 fa!r1 ! ,rev4 ,j$$iah ,morse1 au?or ( ! well-kn[n book entitl$ 8,am]ican ,geography0 & compil] ( ! 8,univ]sal ,gazette40 ,8 "m 0 ,elizabe? ,ann ,breese4 ,at sev5 ye>s ( age "y ,morse ent]$ ! prep>atory s*ool at ,&ov]1 ,mass41 & at #ad ! ,fre%man ,class at ,yale1 graduat+ 9 #ahaj4 ,! faculty :i* fir/ develop$ 9 him 0 ! arti/ic4 ,he provid$ himself ) bru% & pa9t & comm5c$ tak+ on ivory ! portraits ( 8 m opul5t companions4 ,he f\nd 9 pa9t+ an inspiration1 & select$ x z 8 *os5 pr(ession4 ,he plac$ himself "u ! tutelage ( ,wa%+ton ,all/on1 "o ( ,am]ica's fam\s arti/s1 :o enc\rag$ him 9 ! *oice he _h made4 ,he accompani$ ,all/on to ,europe 9 #ahaa1 be>+ introductions to "s ( ,engl&'s mo/ di/+ui%$ m54 ,b5jam9 ,we/ 0 !n 9 ! z5i? ( 8 fame4 ,x 0 a pr\d day = ,morse :5 he met ,we/ & 0 welcom$ to 8 /udio4 ,a mutual atta*m5t sprang up betwe5 !m1 & ,we/ became !reaft] 8 fri5d & c\nsellor4 ,mean:ile ,we/'s fri5d%ip & ! introductory lett]s he _h br\ght ) him introduc$ him to m5 ( influ5ce & reputation4 ,"s ( _! names are hi/oric4 ,x 0 some?+ = a "y man to meet su* m5 z ,william ,wilb]=ce & ,h5ry ,?ornton1 ,za*>ias ,mac,cauley1 fa!r ( ! great hi/orian1 ,"l ,gl5elg & _m o!rs1 all ( :om gave a w>m & cordial welcome4 ,mr4 ,morse's in/9cts 7 ref9$ & 8 companion%ips *oice4 ,he _h = 8 room-mate 9 ,london ! gift$ ,leslie1 !n1 l himself1 /ruggl+ = fame 9 a sublime art4 ,= companions he _h su* m5 z ,b5jam9 ,we/1 ,copley1 ,all/on1 ,col]idge1 ,rog]s1 ,*>les ,lamb & o!rs fam\s 9 art & lit]ature4 ,he wrote ?us to 8 "m 9 #ahab3 8,my passion = my art is firmly root$1 t ,i am confid5t2 no human p[] c\ld de/roy x4 ,! m ,i /udy ! great] ,i ?9k is its claim to ! appellation ( div9e4 ,i am go+ to beg9 a picture ( ! dea? ( ,h]cules4 ,! figure is to be l>ge z life40 ,! picture :5 f9i%$ 0 %[n to ,we/ :o w>mly prais$ x1 & 9 ,may1 #ahac1 x 0 accept$ = exhibition 9 ! rooms ( ! ,royal ,academy1 at ,som]set ,h\se1 !n reg>d$ z a v m>k$ tok5 ( favor4 ,a new & unexpect$ triumph grew out ( ?is pa9t+4 ,9 execut+ x he pursu$ ! plan ( consci5ti\s arti/s :o fir/ model 9 clay ! figure to be pa9t$ 9 ord] to ensure /rict anatomical proportions & accuracy4 ,?is ca/1 to :i* he atta*$ no special value1 0 se5 by ,we/1 & 0 induc$ ?r\gh 8 k9d criticism to s5d ?is model to ! ,society ( ,arts 9 competition = a prize 9 sculpture4 ,?is v5ture prov$ successful1 & 0 publicly pres5t$ ) ! annual prize & a gold m$al by ! ,duke ( ,norfolk4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,art ,reports ! 8,dy+ ,h]cules0 is plac$ among ! n9e be/ pa9t+s 9 a gall]y ( ne>ly "o ?\s&1 & among !m ! works ( ,turn]1 ,nor?cote1 ,lawr5ce & ,wilkie4 ,:5 "y ,morse w5t to ,europe he 0 dep5d5t to "s ext5t ^u 8 fa!r = 8 res\rces4 ,he 0 to be away ?ree ye>s4 ,x 0 n[ #ahae1 "o ye> long] ?an 8 limit1 b he 0 ambiti\s & felt he _h ! p[] )9 him4 ,he det]m9$ to compete = ! *ief prize (f]$ by ! ,royal ,academy = a subject he _h *os51 8,! ,judgm5t ( ,jupit] 9 ! case ( ,apollo1 ,m>pessa & ,idas40 ,! prize 0 a gold m$al & fifty gu9eas4 ,! picture 0 complet$1 & hop+ he w\ld be all[$ to compete 9 8 abs5ce1 he (f]$ x = t purpose to ,we/1 :o1 /ruck ) its m]its1 advis$ him to /ay1 b ?is he c\ld n d1 & ! rules cut him (f4 ,! premium _h to be deliv]$ to ! successful arti/ 9 p]son4 ,a petition to make 8 case an exception 0 decl9$1 & 8,jupit]0 w5t ) its au?or to ,am]ica4 ,he arriv$ 9 ,bo/on1 ,oct4 #ah1 &1 )\t delay1 r5t$ a /udio4 ,he _h 8 8,jupit]0 on exhibition1 & 8 own fame _h prec$$ him4 ,_m cr[d$ ! /udio to see bo? ! arti/ & ! pa9t+4 ,society op5$ its doors1 b ?is 0 all4 ,no "o (f]$ to buy 8 picture or give him an ord] 9 ! l9e ( high art he _h m>k$ out = himself4 ,aft] v>i\s exp]i5ces ,mr4 ,morse settl$ 9 ,new ,york1 f\nd+ ! ,national ,academy ( ! ,arts ( ,design1 ( :i* 9 #ahbg he became ,presid5t1 & to :i* (fice he 0 annually elect$ until #ahde4 ,he deliv]$ ! fir/ c\rse ( lectures on ! f9e arts ev] deliv]$ 9 ,am]ica1 & !y 7 notable = sugge/iv5ess & le>n+4 ,z an hi/orical pa9t] ,morse /ood next to ,all/on4 ,_h ! c\ntry dem&$ art ( a v high ord] x is probable t ,morse w\ld h engag$ 8 att5tion z an hi/orical pa9t]1 b ! nation 0 too "y1 knew little ( art & c>$ less4 ,morse 0 honor$1 b 8 art kept him poor4 ,he long$1 h[ev]1 too1 = ! opportunity to try 8 p[] on "s national "w4 ,he conceiv$ ! idea ( pa9t+ ! int]ior ( ,repres5tatives ,*amb] 9 ! ,capital at ,wa%+ton1 & devot$ eighte5 mon?s to ?is4 ,! picture measur$ eight feet by n9e1 & conta9$ a great v>iety ( figures4 ,its exhibition1 h[ev]1 caus$ him s]i\s loss4 ,! pa9t+ is 9 ! possession ( ! ,presid5t ( ! ,arts ( ,design 9 ,new ,york4 ,he pa9t$ a picture ( ,g5]al ,lafayette1 :o 0 at ! "t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ) :om he by ?is means =m$ a w>m fri5d%ip4 ,9 #ahbi he aga9 visit$ ,europe1 sp5d+ ?ree ye>s among arti/s & collectors ( art 9 ,engl&1 ,italy & ,france4 ,9 ,p>is he pa9t$ ! int]ior ( ! ,l\vre1 copy+ 9 m9iature ! *ief pictures hang+ on its walls4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahcb he return$ to ,am]ica & resum$ ! ,presid5cy ( ! ,academy ( ,design1 to :i* he 0 regul>ly elect$ annually dur+ 8 abs5ce4 ,:5 an arti/ 0 employ$ to fill ) a picture "o ( ! vacant panels 9 ! rotunda ( ! ,capitol1 ,am]ican arti/s1 )\t exception1 consid]$ ,morse be/ entitl$ to ! honor1 b great disappo9tm5t 0 felt :5 ano!r 0 select$4 ,x 0 on 8 return f ,europe on bo>d ! packet-%ip 8,sully0 ! idea ( ! electric telegraph engag$ 8 att5tion1 b x occupi$ _m ye>s ( 8 "t to br+ x to practical %ape4 ,he w\ld h accompli%$ ?is mu* e>li] _h he n be5 hamp]$ f lack ( means4 ,:5 8 inv5tion 0 matur$ & its usefulness p]ceiv$ & appli$1 he 0 =tunate en\gh at la/ to reap ! rew>d ( _m ye>s ( /ruggle & anxiety he _h und]gone4 ,on ,june #e1 #ahef1 ) ! telegraph e/abli%$ 9 ,am]ica1 he aga9 left = ,europe4 ,9 ,london he met ) great joy 8 arti/ fri5ds3 ,we/1 ,l&se>1 ,leslie & _m o!rs di/+ui%$ 9 sci5ce & art1 all ( :om w>mly congratulat$ him on ! brilliant c>e] :i* _h be5 op5$ up to him4 ,9 _! e/imation he _h honor$ 9 ?is new realm ! old art :i* he lov$ & elevat$4 ,morse's developm5t f an arti/ into an inv5tor 0 to !m no m>vel4 ,he 0 /ill giv+ utt]ance to natural =ces z :5 a few ye>s be=e he comb9$ 8 colors on canvass & produc$ 8 8,h]cules40 ,aft] enjoy+ = a "t ?is pleasant reunion ) 8 old fri5ds 9 ,london1 he also met & consult$ ) ! ,engli% electricians1 ,glass1 ,bright1 ,:iteh\se & o!rs 9 respect to ! propos$ ,atlantic cable 9 :i* exp]im5ts 7 !n be+ made z to its possibility4 ,he !n left = ! cont95t4 ,on 8 arrival at ,cop5hag51 :i!r he fir/ direct$ 8 c\rse1 he 0 introduc$ to ,fr$]ick ,,vii4 ,k+ ( ,d5m>k1 :o1 ) 8 ,c\rt1 receiv$ him ) e m>k ( honor4 ,!re he visit$ ! /udy *amb] ( ,o]/$1 ^: discov]y ( ! reflection ( a ne$le by a galvanic curr5t 0 ! dawn+ fact :i* ev5tually made 8 inv5tion possible4 ,cont9u+ 8 j\rney to ,russia1 he f\nd on arriv+ at ! quay at ,pet]h(f ! ,imp]ial c>riages ) _! usual ret9ue ( footm5 we>+ ! ,royal liv]y 9 wait+4 ,by ^! he & 8 p>ty 7 driv5 to ! ,imp]ial ,palace1 :]e1 ) e demon/ration ( respect1 he 0 receiv$ by ! ,emp]or ,alex&] ,,ii41 by :om he 0 mo/ k9dly congratulat$ z "o ( ! _w's b5efactors4 ,he next proce$$ to ,b]l94 ,"h he 0 receiv$ ) great cordiality by ,humboldt1 :o welcom$ him to 8 h\se & treat$ him dur+ 8 /ay ) e m>k ( respect4 ,at 8 dep>ture ! great au?or ( ,cosmos pres5t$ him ) an ,imp]ial photograph ( himself1 on ! m>g9 ( :i* he wrote3 8,to ,mr4 ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 ^: philosophic & useful labors h r5d]$ 8 "n illu/ri\s 9 two worlds4 ,! homage ( ! high & affectionate e/eem ( ,,alex&] ,,humboldt40 ,?is memorial ( "o s great & gift$ he greatly valu$ & c>efully pres]v$4 ,prussia1 ab\t ! same "t1 pres5t$ to him ! ,prussian gold5 m$al = sci5tific m]it4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh _m places ( int]e/ 9 ,europe1 9 all ( :i* he 0 receiv$ ) di/+ui%$ honor1 ,pr(essor ,morse return$ to ,london ! latt] "p ( ,septemb]1 #ahef4 ,! public at t "t 7 mu* int]e/$ 9 ! subject ( ! propos$ subm>9e telegraph connection ) ,am]ica4 ,a plateau ext5d+ across ! b$ ( ! ocean betwe5 ! two cont95ts _h be5 discov]$ "u a survey conduct$ by ,lieut5ant ,maury = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 & :i* 0 reg>d$ z extremely favorable = ! project$ ent]prise4 ,pr(essor ,morse1 9 conc]t ) ,mr4 ,:iteh\se & ,mr4 ,bright1 ! ,engli% electricians1 conduct$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts & s5t signals ?r\gh #b1jjj miles ( insulat$ wire4 ,^! exp]im5ts remov$ any appreh5sion respect+ ! ret>dation ( ! electric curr5t ov] ?is long l5g? ( wire4 ,x n[ became a "q ( capital & nautical eng9e]+4 ,! fir/ 0 quickly pl$g$1 ! latt] 0 n d\bt$4 ,:ile 9 ,london ?us occupi$1 ,pr(essor ,morse 0 t5d]$ a banquet1 :i* he promptly accept$4 ,! d9n] 0 giv5 ,oct4 #i1 #ahef4 ,! ,*airman 0 ,mr4 ,fo!rgill ,cooke1 :o1 9 pres5t+ ! gue/ ( ! ev5+1 us$ ! foll[+ language3-- 8,g5tlem51 ,i 0 consult$ only a few mon?s ago on ! subject ( a telegraph = a c\ntry 9 :i* no telegraph at pres5t exi/s4 8,i recomm5d$ ! sy/em ( ,pr(essor ,morse4 ,i believe t sy/em to be "o ( ! simple/ 9 ! _w1 & 9 t lies its p]man5ce & c]ta9ty4 7,*e]s47 ,x is a great ?+ to say1 & ,i d s aft] tw5ty ye>s' exp]i5ce1 t ,pr(essor ,morse's sy/em is "o ( ! simple/ t has ev] be51 & ,i ?9k ev] w be1 conceiv$4 7,*e]s47 ,he /&s alone 9 ,am]ica z ! orig9al & c>ri]-out ( a gr& conception4 8,we "k t ,am]ica is an enorm\s c\ntry1 b ,i ?9k we h a "r to qu>rel ) ,mr4 ,morse = n be+ cont5t ) giv+ ! b5efit ( x to 8 c\ntry1 b t he ext5d$ x to ,canada & ,newf\ndl&1 & ev5 beyond !re4 ,8 sy/em has be5 adopt$ ov] all ,europe4 8,! nuisance is t we 9 ,engl& are oblig$ to communicate by means ( 8 sy/em1 & he ?reat5s to g fur!r /ill1 & promises1 if we d n1 he w c>ry out a communication betwe5 ,engl& & ,newf\ndl& across ! ,atlantic4 8,i almo/ envy ,pr(essor ,morse = hav+ =c$ f an unwill+ rival a will+ ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 s]vices4 8,may he long live to enjoy ! high reputation he has atta9$ ?r\gh\t ! _w40 7,long cont9u$ *e]s47 ,o!r spee*es equally complim5t>y foll[$4 ,x 0 on ! day ( ?is banquet ,mr4 ,morse receiv$ f ,p>is ! ann\ncem5t t ! ,emp]or ,napoleon ,,iii4 _h made him a ,*evali] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,m>t9 ,f>quh> ,tupp] s5t him a few days aft]w>ds ! foll[+ l9es ref]r+ to ! banquet3 8,a good & g5]\s _s rul$ ! h\r1 ,old jeal\sies 7 dr[n$ 9 bro!rhood1 ,philan?ropy rejoic$ t skill & p[]1 ,s]vants to sci5ce1 compass all m5's good4 8,& ov] all religions bann] /ood ,upheld by !e1 true patri>* ( ! plans ,:i* 9 two hemisph]es 0 *im$1 to %[] ,m]cies f ,god on univ]sal man4 8,yes1 ! electric *a9 f ,ea/ to ,we/1 ,m ?an m]e metal1 m ?an mammon1 c ,b9ds u toge!r1 k9sm5 9 ! be/ ,z mo/ affectionate & franke/ bond1 ,bro!rs z "o1 & look+ f> beyond1 ,! _w 9 an electric union ble/40 ,al?\gh ! ,morse telegraph _h be5 g5]ally adopt$ 9 cont95tal ,europe1 no comp5sation _h hi!rto be5 paid to ! inv5tor4 ,pr(essor ,morse1 !re=e1 0 mu* gratifi$ 9 receiv+ ! foll[+ lett] :ile 9 ,p>is3 8,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,=eign ,,affairs4 8,,p>is1 ,septemb] #a1 #aheh4 8,sir1--,x is ) a lively satisfaction t ,i h ! honor to ann\nce to y t a sum ( #djj1jjj francs w be remitt$ to y 9 f\r annuities 9 ! "n ( ,france1 ( ,au/ria1 ( ,belgium1 ( ! ,ne!rl&s1 ( ,pi$mont1 ( ,russia1 ( ! ,holy ,see1 ( ,sw$51 ( ,tuscany & ( ,turkey1 z an honor>y gratuity1 & z a rew>d altoge!r p]sonal ( y\r useful labors4 8,no?+ c bett] m>k1 ?an ?is collective act ( rew>d1 ! s5tim5t ( public gratitude :i* y\r inv5tion has ju/ly excit$4 8,! ,emp]or has already giv5 y a te/imonial ( 8 high e/eem1 :5 he conf]r$ on y1 m ?an a ye> ago1 ! decoration ( a ,*evali] ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 8,y w f9d a new m>k ( x 9 ! initiative1 :i* ,8 ,maje/y wi%$ t 8 ,gov]nm5t %\ld take 9 conjunction1 & ! decision t ,i *>ge myself to br+ to y\r k1 is a brilliant pro( ( ! eag] & sympa!tic adhesion t 8 proposition has met ) f ! ,/ates ,i h j enum]at$4 8,i pray y to accept on ?is occasion1 sir1 my p]sonal congratulations z well z ! assurance ( my s5tim5ts ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ consid]ation4 ,s4 ,,walewski40 ,pr(essor ,morse1 9 addition to ?is h&some gratuity1 receiv$ tok5s ( honor f ea* ( ! contribut+ nationalities3-- ,f ,france1 ! ,legion ( ,honor2 ,prussia1 ! ,gold ,m$al ( ,sci5tific ,m]it2 ,au/ria1 a gold m$al2 ,spa91 ,knight ,comm&] de ,num]o ( ! ,ord] ( ,isabella ! ,ca?olic2 ,portugal1 ,knight ( ! ,t[] & ,sword2 ,italy1 ,sa9ts ,laz>o & ,mauritis2 ,d5m>k1 ,knight ( ! ,danneborg2 ,turkey1 decoration 9 diamonds ( ! 8,ni%am ,ifti*>10 or ,ord] ( ,glory4 ,he 0 also ! recipi5t ( _m o!r m>ks ( honor ( a m private "*4 ,z e>ly z #ahce ,mr4 ,morse 0 elect$ a correspond+ memb] ( ! ,hi/orical ,in/itute ( ,france4 ,9 #ahcg he 0 made a memb] ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,f9e ,arts ( ,belgium4 ,july #ae1 #ahci1 ! ,silv] ,m$al ( ! ,academy ( ,indu/ry 0 vot$ to him = ! inv5tion ( ! telegraph4 ,! ,national ,in/itute = ! promotion ( sci5ce1 e/abli%$ at ,wa%+ton1 made him a correspond+ memb] 9 #ahda1 & 9 #ahdb ! ,gold ,m$al ( ! ,am]ican ,in/itute 0 aw>d$ him = successful exp]im5ts 9 subaque\s telegraphy4 ,9 #ahde he 0 made a correspond+ memb] ( ! ,ar*eological ,society 9 ,belgium1 & 9 #ahdh he became a memb] ( ! ,am]ican ,philosophical ,society ( ,philadelphia4 ,! foll[+ ye> he 0 elect$ a ,fell[ ( ! ,am]ican ,academy ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 ,bo/on4 ,_m o!r tok5s ( honor 0 accord$ him f "t to "t4 ,:ile 9 ,p>is 9 #ahfg1 ! ye> ( ! ,int]national ,exposition1 ,pr(essor ,morse s]v$ on ! ,committee ( ,telegraphic ,appliances1 & wrote an exhau/ive report on ! m]its ( telegraphic contrivances4 ,he also prep>$ ) great m9ut5ess a complete n>rative ( 8 own inv5tions4 ,cov]$ ) honors1 & hav+ long ov]/epp$ ! ?ree score ye>s & t51 ,pr(essor ,morse return$ to ,am]ica & arriv$ at 8 rural home 9 ,p\ghkeepsie1 ,n4,y41 :]e he 0 affectionately welcom$ by fri5ds & neighbors4 ,%ortly aft] 8 return a numb] ( influ5tial & repres5tative g5tlem5 ( ,new ,york felt t some?+ %\ld be done by 8 fell[ c\ntrym5 to honor ! di/+ui%$ inv5tor & welcome him home4 ,he 0 t5d]$ a banquet1 :i* 0 held at ,delmonico's on ,dec4 #cj1 #ahfh4 ,! banquet+ room 0 beautifully decorat$ ! *air be+ occupi$ by ! ,hon4 ,salmon ,p4 ,*ase4 ,aft] ! d9n] ! toa/s to ! ,que5 ( ,great ,brita9 & ! ,army & ,navy _h be5 respond$ to by ,mr4 ,?ornton1 ! ,briti% ,m9i/]1 & ,g5]al ,mc,dowell1 ! ,*airman1 said3 8,g5tlem51 y w n[ all[ me to invite y\r att5tion to ! next regul> toa/4 ,god has giv5 und]/&+ to man to be employ$ = ,8 glory 9 promot+ ! happ9ess ( ,8 creatures & 9 no?+ t belongs to e>? c ! human und]/&+ be m wor?ily employ$ ?an 9 ! rese>*es ( sci5ce & 9 ! works ( inv5tion4 8,sci5ce & inv5tion may be call$1 p]haps n unfitly1 ! creators & s]vants ( civilization4 ,sometimes inv5tion by a sort ( intuition ( pr9ciples has grasp$ results & seem$ to anticipate sci5ce4 8,m usually sci5ce by ! pati5t inve/igation ( tru? & ! discov]y ( pr9ciples has prep>$ ! way = ! triumph ( inv5tion4 ,all inv5tion is realiz$ sci5ce1 & ?is is especially true ( ! telegraph4 8,i w n fatigue y\r att5tion ) anci5t & mod]n devices = communicat+ intellig5ce at a di/ance1 b x seems prop] to notice "h h[ _m m5 ( sci5ce1 & ( :at v>i\s nationalities h contribut$ to t wond]ful art & in/rum5t by :i* ! _w is n[ b\nd 9 electric *a9s4 8,_m %9+ names w occur to any "o famili> ) ! hi/ory ( ! telegraph4 ,among !m ,i c pause to m5tion only ^? ( ,volta1 ! ,italian1 to ^: discov]ies ! batt]y is due2 ,o]/$1 ! ,dane1 :o fir/ discov]$ ! magnetic prop]ties ( ! electric curr5t2 ,ampre & ,arago1 ! ,fr5*m5 :o prosecut$ /ill fur!r & mo/ successfully simil> rese>*es4 8,!n ,/urgeon1 ! ,engli%man1 :o may be said to h made ! fir/ electric magnet1 next1 & n lea/1 illu/ri\s4 ,among ^! illu/ri\s m51 our c\ntryman1 ,h5ry1 :o fir/ %[$ ! practicability ( produc+ electro-magnetic effects by means ( ! galvanic curr5t at di/ances indef9itely great1 & f9ally ,/e9heil1 ! ,g]man1 :o1 aft] ! inv5tion ( ! telegraph 9 all mat]ial p>ts 0 complete1 taught1 9 #ahcg1 ! use ( ! gr\nd z "p ( ! circuit4 8,^! are "s ( ^? se>*]s = tru? ^: names w be long held 9 grateful memory1 & n among ! lea/ ( _! titles to gratitude & remembrance w be ! discov]ies :i* contribut$ to ! possibility ( ! mod]n telegraph4 ,b ^! discov]ies only made ! telegraph possible1 !y (f]$ ! brilliant opportunity4 ,!re 0 ne$$ a man to br+ into be+ ! new art & ! new int]e/ to :i* !y po9t$4 ,& x is ! provid5tial di/9ction & spl5did honor ( ! em95t ,am]ican :o is our gue/ to-night1 t happily prep>$ by previ\s acquirem5ts & pursuits4 ,he 0 quick to seize ! opportunity & give to ! _w ! fir/ record+ telegraph2 =tunate man1 ?us to l9k 8 "n =ev] ) ! greate/ wond] & ! greate/ b5efit ( ! age4 8,b 8 "w 0 n done :5 9 #ahcb he conceiv$ ! idea & devis$ ! plan ( ! fir/ telegraph4 8,long ye>s ( pati5t labor & con/ant p]sev]ance 7 ne$$ to br+ ! telegraph into use4 ,its fir/ message 0 n transmitt$ until #ahdd4 ,ev5 !n1 & inde$ be=e t ye> ) some?+ l prophetic inspiration1 he grasp$ ! future & pr$ict$ t telegraphic connection betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica1 :i* x 0 res]v$ = ano!r di/+ui%$ ,am]ican1 k9dr$ 9 _s & k9dr$ 9 r5[n & illu/ri\s1 to accompli%4 ,"h ,i mu/ pause1 n1 h[ev]1 )\t unit+ all y\r aspirations 9 ! f]v5t wi% t our honor$ gue/ may live long & happily to enjoy ! applause1 ! gratitude & ! rev]5ce ( mank9d1 :i* he has s honorably won4 8,g5tlem51 ,i n[ give y #8,our ,gue/1' ,pr(4 ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 ! man ( sci5ce :o explor$ ! laws ( nature1 wre/$ electricity f h] embrace & made x a mission>y 9 ! cause ( human progress40 ,! v5]able ,pr(essor !n arose amid tumultu\s applause4 ,he 0 labor+ "u deep feel+1 too /rong to be conceal$4 ,z he did s ! :ole company made *e] foll[ *e] 9 te/imony ( _! admiration & respect4 ,at la/ 9 a cle> voice he address$ ! company at consid]able l5g?1 recit+ ! hi/ory ( ! telegraph1 & conclud+ z foll[s3 8,9 ca/+ my eyes ar\nd ,i am mo/ agreeably greet$ by faces t c>ry me back 9 memory to ! days ( my art /ruggles 9 ?is city1 ! e>ly days ( ! ,national ,academy ( ,design4 8,bro!rs 7= y are yet bro!rs if ,i h left y\r ranks71 y well "k x co/ me _m a pang4 ,i did n leave y until ,i saw y well e/abli%$ & ent]+ on t c>e] ( prosp]ity due to y\r own j appreciation ( ! important duties belong+ to y\r pr(ession4 8,y h an in/itution :i* n[ holds1 & 7if true to y\rselves7 w cont9ue to hold1 a high position 9 ! e/imation ( ?is appreciative community4 8,if ,i h /epp$ aside f art to tread :at seems ano!r pa?1 !re is a good prec$5t = x 9 ! lives ( arti/s4 ,sci5ce & art are n oppos$4 8,leon>do da ,v9ci c\ld f9d cong5ial relaxation 9 sci5tific rese>*es & inv5tion1 & our own ,fulton 0 a pa9t]1 ^: sci5tific /udies result$ 9 /eam navigation4 8,x may n be g5]ally kn[n t ! important inv5tion ( ! p]cussion cap is due to ! sci5tific recreations ( ! ,engli% pa9t]1 ,%aw2 b ,i mu/ n fur!r deta9 y f m in/ructive spee*4 ,"o ^w only 9 clos+4 8,i h claim$ = ,am]ica ! orig9ation ( ! mod]n telegraph sy/em ( ! _w2 imp>tial hi/ory1 ,i ?9k1 w support t claim4 8#8,n unto u1 n unto u1 ,b to ,god be ! glory ,:at ha? ,god wr\ght4'0 ,mr4 ,morse's address 0 li/5$ to ) deep att5tion1 & greet$ at ! close ) great & cont9u$ applause4 ,among ! la/1 b n ! lea/1 ( ! honors paid ,pr(essor ,morse1 0 ! erection ( 8 /atue 9 ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york1 by ! telegraph op]ators ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ! ,briti% prov9ces4 ,! c]emony ( unveil+ ! monum5t took place on ,june #aj1 #ahga4 ,_m delegates 7 pres5t f all p>ts ( ! c\ntry to witness ! function4 ,9 ! ev5+ a reception 0 held 9 ! ,academy ( ,music1 at :i* ! ag$ inv5tor 0 pres5t1 :5 he bade f>ewell to 88 *ildr5 ( ! telegraph40 ,he did n long survive ?is ev5t4 ,he pass$ away full ( ye>s & honors on ,april #b1 #ahgb4 ,! ,telegraph 9 ,canada ,al?\gh ! electric telegraph sy/em ( ,cooke & ,:eat/one _h be5 e/abli%$ z e>ly z #ahcg 9 ,engl&1 yet no move 0 made to adopt x 9 ,canada4 ,aft] ! ,morse exp]im5tal l9e betwe5 ,baltimore & ,wa%+ton _h prov$ a success & 0 ?r[n op5 = public bus9ess & wires 7 be+ c>ri$ to ! lead+ bus9ess c5tres 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & a l9e ( telegraph 0 project$ connect+ ,new ,york ,city ) ,buffalo1 public int]e/ 0 ar\s$ 9 ,canada1 m especially 9 ! ,we/]n section4 ,mr4 ,morse _h fail$1 or probably ?\ght ,canada at t "t n important en\gh1 to take out a pat5t = 8 inv5tion1 h5ce x 0 op5 to any or all :o *ose to use x4 ,9 #ahdf ! fir/ ,canadian ,telegraph ,company 0 =m$ ) a capital ( #af1jjj2 its object 0 to connect ,toronto & ,hamilton ) ! ,am]ican l9es at ,buffalo4 ,! corporate "n ( ! ,company 0 ! 8,toronto1 ,hamilton1 ,niag>a ,/4 ,ca?>9es ,electro-,magnetic ,company40 ,a l9e 0 spe$ily erect$ & ! desir$ connection made4 ,at ! end ( ?is ye> action 0 tak5 at ,montreal to organize a telegraph company4 ,! ,orig9 ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company ,at a meet+ ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,montreal ,bo>d ( ,trade1 held on ,dec4 #bf1 #ahdf1 a ,committee 0 appo9t$ to enquire into ! be/ means ( ext5d+ ! use ( ! electric telegraph sy/em into ,canada4 ,! ,committee report$ favorably ( ! project4 ,aft] giv+ ! subject full & e>ne/ consid]ation1 on ,decemb] #bi1 ?ree days aft]w>ds1 a g5]al meet+ 0 conv5$ = ! purpose ( =m+ a company to connect ,montreal & ,toronto by a l9e ( electro-magnetic telegraph1 ! capital to be #ab1ejj 9 #a1bej %>es ( #aj ea*4 ,among ^? pres5t 7 ,l4 ,h4 ,holton1 ,d4 ,l4 ,macph]son1 ,fr$ ,a4 ,wilson1 ,john ,glass1 ,t4 ,w4 ,middleton1 ,?os4 ,tait1 ,h5ry ,/>nes1 ,john ,"y1 ,h5ry ,joseph1 ,i4 ,taylor1 ,william ,murray1 ,&rew ,%aw1 ,george ,eld]1 jun41 & ,h5ry ,*apman4 ,on motion ( ,l4 ,h4 ,holton1 second$ by ,d4 ,l4 ,macph]son1 ,mr4 ,"y took ! *air4 ,! ,*airman /at$ ! object ( ! meet+ to be ! organization ( a company by p>ties 9 favor ( connect+ ,montreal & ,toronto by electro-magnetic telegraph1 & :o _h propos$ to take /ock 9 ! company to be =m$ = t purpose 9 accordance ) ! recomm5dation ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade4 ,x 0 mov$ by ,mr4 ,eld] & second$ by ,mr4 ,/>nes1 t ! meet+ d organize itself into a company to be entitl$ ! ,montreal ,toronto ,magnetic ,telegraph ,company4 ,?is 0 c>ri$4 ,x 0 !n mov$ by ,mr4 ,*apman1 second$ by ,mr4 ,tait1 t ,messrs4 ,%aw1 ,glass1 ,eld] & ,"y be a ,provisional ,committee to conduct ! affairs ( ! ,company4 ,mov$ by ,mr4 ,holton1 second$ by ,mr4 ,macph]son1 t ! ,provisional ,committee be emp[]$ to ent] into all necess>y arrangem5ts = ! e>ly con/ruction ( ! propos$ l9e ( telegraph1 ! :ole ( ! %>es hav+ be5 tak5 up4 ,at a meet+ held on ,janu>y #bb1 #ahdg1 x 0 mov$ by ,mr4 ,l9dsay t ,&rew ,%aw1 ,john ,"y1 ,john ,glass1 ,george ,eld]1 jun41 & ,h5ry ,*apman be directors = ! ensu+ ye>--,c>ri$4 ,on ! #f? ( ,m>*1 #ahdg1 ,mr4 ,o4 ,s4 ,wood 0 appo9t$ ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,company1 & imm$iately took *>ge ( ! ,company's op]ations4 ,! *>t] 0 obta9$ on ,july #bh1 #ahdg1 "u ! am5d$ title ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company4 ,&rew ,%aw 0 elect$ its fir/ ,presid5t1 ,mr4 ,james ,dak]s1 ,secret>y4 ,9 secur+ ! s]vices ( ,mr4 ,wood ! new ,company 0 exce$+ly =tunate4 ,he _h be5 associat$ ) ,pr(essor ,morse1 0 8 fir/ pupil1 & und\bt$ly ! mo/ exp]i5c$ telegraph man ( t day 9 ,am]ica1 a man ( great ability & ( ! highe/ p]sonal "*4 ,proce$+s 7 imm$iately begun 9 con/ruction "w4 ,! con/ruction ( ! l9e betwe5 ,montreal & ,toronto & ,montreal & ,quebec 0 aw>d$ to ,liv+/on ,wells1 ! well-kn[n express =w>d]s1 & by !m pu%$ on ) ! utmo/ vigor "u ,mr4 ,wood's sup]vision & direction4 ,:5 ! "w 0 complet$ x 0 f\nd to be satisfactory 9 e p>ticul>1 bo? 9 mat]ial & workman%ip1 & became a model = future "w ( ! k9d4 ,at ! close ( #ahdg1 #edj miles ( l9e _h be5 erect$1 #i (fices op5$ & #cc1jjj messages transmitt$4 ,9 #ahea ,sir ,hugh ,allan1 :o _h e>ly int]e/$ himself 9 ! =tunes ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company1 became its ,presid5t4 ,?is (fice he held un9t]rupt$ly until 8 dea? 9 #ahhb4 ,imm$iately on assum+ (fice1 ,sir ,hugh ,allan1 9 conc]t ) ,mr4 ,wood1 project$ important ext5sions ( ! l9es ( ! ,company1 & 9 a %ort "t ! mo/ remote t[ns & villages 7 plac$ 9 telegraphic connection ) ! *ief bus9ess c5tres ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company became "o ( ! lead+ in/itutions 9 ,canada4 ,_m companies 7 />t$ to compete 9 ! same l9e ( bus9ess1 b 9 no long "t 7 doom$ to failure1 z !y nei!r _h ! skill1 ! m5 nor ! money to enable !m to succe$ 9 oppos+ _! m =midable rival4 ,aft] plac+ ! ,company on a high p$e/al ( effici5cy1 & aft] #ah ye>s ( /r5u\s ex]tions on its behalf1 ,mr4 ,o4 ,s4 ,wood retir$ f ! managem5t 9 #ahfe1 c>ry+ ) him ! e/eem & respect ( ! ,company & ! bus9ess community g5]ally4 ,mr4 ,james ,dak]s 0 !n plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! ea/]n1 & ,mr4 ,dwight ( ! we/]n section ( ! ,company's t]ritory4 ,! advance & prosp]ity ( ! ,company cont9u$1 z ! f\ndation _h be5 well & truly laid by a capable workman4 ,9 #ahge x _h 9 op]ation #bj1jjj miles ( wire1 #a1djj (fices & #b1jjj employees4 ,dur+ ! prec$+ ye> "s #b1jjj1jjj messages 7 transmitt$ 9 addition to millions ( words 9 press despat*es1 & ! capital increas$ to #b1jjj1jjj1 at :i* figure x /ill rema9s4 ,9 #ahha ?is spl5did old ,company 0 =c$ by circum/ances :i* confront$ !m to lease _! bus9ess to ano!r company4 ,! names ( ,sir ,hugh ,allan1 ,o4 ,s4 ,wood & ,james ,dak]s w always be insep>ably associat$ ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company4 ,! fir/ company to compete aga9/ ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company 0 ! ,gr& ,trunk ,telegraph ,company 9 #aheb-c1 l9es 7 erect$ f ,buffalo to ,quebec1 foll[+ ! l9es ( ! old] ,company4 ,aft] "s ye>s ( an unpr(itable bus9ess !y sold out lock1 /ock & b>rel to ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company = #aa1jjj4 ,! next v5ture 0 by ! ,prov9cial ,telegraph ,company1 ! ,canadian ally ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,telegraph ,company1 :i* 0 !n spread+ its l9es ov] ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 b 0 9 #ahff absorb$ by ! ,we/]n ,union2 ?is end$ ! c>e] ( ! ,prov9cial1 & its plant 0 pur*as$ & transf]r$ to ! ,montreal ,company = a nom9al sum4 ,"s two ye>s lat] ! ,dom9ion ,telegraph ,company took =m ) a capital ( #gjj1jjj4 ,?is ,company prov$ ! mo/ s]i\s oppon5t ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company1 b 0 nev] a f9ancial success4 ,9 #ahgh x 0 leas$ by ! ,am]ican ,union ,telegraph ,company1 an oppon5t ( ! ,we/]n ,union4 ,bo? ,companies 7 acquir$ by ! latt] ,company1 :i* 0 busily occupi$ 9 secur+ a monopoly ( ! telegraph bus9ess1 & succe$$1 9 a great measure1 9 accompli%+ its object4 ,! ,dom9ion ,telegraph ,company 0 transf]r$ to ! ,great ,nor? ,we/]n ,telegraph ,company ( ,canada1 a subsidi>y conc]n ( ! ,am]ican ,company 9 #ahha4 ,9 ! l[] prov9ces a move = telegraphic facilities 7 made almo/ concurr5t ) ^? ( ,we/]n ,canada4 ,dur+ #ahdg-dh ! ,press ,association ran a /eam] betwe5 ,digby1 ,n4,s41 & ,portl&1 ,me41 to c>ry news receiv$ by ! /eam%ips t\*+ at ,halifax1 & f !nce s5t ov]l& by express rid]s to ,digby1 #adi miles1 & 0 sometimes accompli%$ 9 less ?an eight h\rs & a half1 or at ! rate ( #ag miles an h\r1 to be despat*$ f !nce by /eam] to ,portl& & telegraph$ to ,new ,york f !re 9 advance ( ! ,cun>d /eam]s at ,bo/on4 ,?is s]vice 0 manag$ ) great vigor4 ,! express rid] 0 ! great ev5t ( ! day z he flew pa/ ,annapolis1 8 horse :ite ) foam & ! :ole population l9+ ! road4 ,a gun 0 fir$ to ann\nce 8 arrival to ! capta9 ( ! /eam] imm$iately an*ors 7 weigh$4 ,/eam rais$1 ! pilot took 8 place at ! :eel & ! small boat mann$ by a?letic seam5 0 s5t a%ore to receive ! bag ( ! express rid]1 z at full spe$ he arriv$ at ! dock4 ,?is process1 ?\gh full ( clat & spl5didly p]=m$1 0 exp5sive1 & ! ,associat$ ,express ag5ts1 (f]$ to gu>antee ! paym5t ( a lib]al subsidy to any company :o w\ld con/ruct a l9e ( telegraph betwe5 ,calais1 ,me41 & ,halifax1 :i* c\ld be available = press matt]4 ,! ,nova ,scotia ,gov]nm5t came to ! rescue & erect$ a l9e ( #abe miles 9 l5g? f ,halifax to ,amh]/ to meet ! ,am]ican & ,new ,brunswick l9es4 ,?is l9e 0 complet$ on ,nov4 #i1 #ahdi1 & ,halifax 0 = ! fir/ "t connect$ telegraphically ) ,new ,york4 ,on ,oct4 #d1 #ahdg1 a telegraph company 0 =m$ 9 ,new ,brunswick ) #dj1jjj capital4 ,l9es connect+ ,/4 ,john & int]v5+ po9ts ) ,calais & ,portl& 7 complet$ ,jan4 #a1 #ahdi1 & connection ) ! ,nova ,scotian ,gov]nm5t l9e at ,amh]/ 0 made4 ,! l9es 9 ,new ,brunswick & ,nova ,scotia 7 acquir$ by ! ,am]ican ,telegraph ,company & lat] by ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company1 by :om !y are n[ op]at$4 ,9 #ahdg ! ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ican ,telegraph ,company 0 organiz$ = ! purpose ( connect+ ,quebec & ! l[] prov9ces by wire1 b ! wire got no fur!r ?an ,riv] du ,l\p1 :]e x t]m9at$ = a "t4 ,a second company1 be>+ a simil> "n1 erect$ a l9e betwe5 ,montreal & ,quebec2 bo? prop]ties 7 aft]w>ds transf]r$ to ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company4 ,9 #ahdi ! ,montreal ,troy ,company built a l9e f ,montreal to ! ,canadian fronti]1 & !nce to ,:itehall1 & ,troy1 aft] work+ indep5d5tly = a c\ple ye>s1 7 pur*as$ by ! ,montreal ,company4 ,9 #ahej a l9e f ,byt[n 7n[ ,ottawa7 by a company organiz$ by ,joseph ,aumond2 x also aft] a few ye>s became ! prop]ty ( ! ,montreal ,company4 ,9 ! ,we/ ab\t ! same p]iod ! ,hon4 ,malcolm ,cam]on int]e/$ himself 9 a telegraph l9e to connect ,hamilton & ,london1 b1 aft] "s #ah mon?s ( unpr(itable labor1 0 ab&on$4 ,com+ d[n to a lat] date ! ,p's ,telegraph ,company 0 organiz$ & a l9e erect$ betwe5 ,montreal & ,quebec1 :i* prov$ a f9ancial failure to ! promot]s1 & s]v$ z a w>n+ to o!rs to avoid go+ into isolat$ telegraph v5tures4 ,9 #ahha ! ,canada ,mutual & ! ,union ,mutual ,telegraph ,companies work$ 9 conjunction = a %ort p]iod 9 ! ,/ates & ,canada2 bo? 7 ev5tually absorb$ by ! ,we/]n ,union4 ,! ,great ,nor?-,we/]n ,telegraph ,company ,?is ,company 0 incorporat$ on ,may #g1 #ahhj1 = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ & work+ telegraph l9es 9 ! ,nor?we/ ,t]ritory 9 ! di/rict ( ,keewat91 ,manitoba1 & to connect ) l9es 9 ! ,prov9ce ( ,ont>io4 ,! capital /ock1 #djj1jjj 9 %>es ( #ajj ea*1 ) p[] to increase ! capital f "t to "t z necessity requir$1 by a resolution ( ! ,directors1 ) au?ority to e/abli%1 con/ruct1 pur*ase1 lease or "w l9es 9 ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada by l& or wat]1 etc4 ,! head (fice at ! ,city ( ,w9nipeg4 ,at a meet+ ( ! ,company held on ,june #aj1 #ahha1 ,mr4 ,era/us ,wiman 0 elect$ ,presid5t4 ,at ?is meet+ ,mr4 ,wiman z ,presid5t 0 emp[]$ to ent] into negotiation ) ! ,montreal1 ,dom9ion & ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,companies z %all h>monize ! int]e/ ( ! sev]al nam$ companies subject to confirmation ( ! ,directors4 ,mr4 ,wiman ?us emp[]$ lo/ no "t 9 effect+ 8 object4 ,! resolution quot$ is amus+4 ,! ,we/]n ,union own$ ! ,dom9ion ,telegraph ,company1 or at lea/ controll$ x4 ,!re 0 no discord betwe5 ! ,we/]n ,union & ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company4 ,a close & intimate bus9ess relation%ip _h be5 ma9ta9$ betwe5 ^! companies = ye>s & no?+ _h aris5 hi!rto to di/urb ?is good und]/&+4 ,! ,dom9ion ,telegraph ,company _h be5 acquir$ z an asset ( ! ,am]ican ,union ,telegraph ,company :i* _h be5 pur*as$ by ! ,we/]n ,union & 0 a :ite elephant on its h&s & ( :i* !y naturally en\gh 7 anxi\s to get rid (4 ,x 0 (f]$ to ! ,montreal ,company1 b ! (f] 0 n ent]ta9$ z ! wires ( ! ,dom9ion ,company m]ely p>allel$ its own1 & its own wires 7 suffici5t = its own bus9ess at t "t4 ,mr4 ,wiman1 be+ famili> ) ! position ( affairs1 saw a *ance = a deal & ! future monopoly ( ! telegraph bus9ess ( ,canada4 ,he got ! refusal ( ! lease ( ! ,dom9ion ,company & to "s ext5t 8 plans 7 approv$ by ! ,we/]n ,union & ( :i* !y 7 m or less in=m$4 ,he !n made 8 purpose kn[n to ! ,directorate ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company1 t !y %\ld h& ov] _! bus9ess to 8 company on a #ii ye>s' lease & a comp5sation ( #h p] c5t4 p] annum on ! paid-up capital /ock ( #b1jjj1jjj w\ld be paid1 gu>ante$ by ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company4 ,! ,directors1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 7 agha/ ) a/oni%m5t at ! audacity ( ! proposal4 ,a company ) a nom9al capital1 rec5tly =m$1 ) no "o ( /&+ 9 its make up to sugge/ ! idea1 0 too prepo/]\s4 ,h[ev]1 ,mr4 ,wiman coolly told !m !y _h bett] ?9k x ov]1 t unless 8 t]ms 7 accept$ 8 ,company1 ! ,dom9ion & ! ,we/]n ,union1 beh9d !m1 w\ld g into competition ) !m = ,canadian bus9ess4 ,a meet+ ( %>ehold]s decid$1 aft] a /ormy & excit+ discussion1 to accept ! t]ms (f]$4 ,! transf] 0 made on ,july #a1 #ahha4 ,! big fi% swall[ ! small] usually1 b 9 ?is case x 0 ! extraord9>y feat ( a small fi% swall[+ a bigg] "o4 ,:5 ! agreem5t took effect ,mr4 ,james ,dak]s resign$ & 0 succe$$ z ,secret>y by ,mr4 ,d4 ,ross ,ross4 ,mr4 ,dwight 0 appo9t$ ,g5]al ,manag] ( ! ,great ,nor?-,we/]n ,company & mo/ ( ! (ficials & employees ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company 7 reta9$ by him4 ,ow+ to 8 able managem5t ! ,company has be5 successful 9 e way2 all its obligations h be5 met ) punctuality & regul>ity4 ,mr4 ,wiman resign$ ! ,presid5cy "s t5 ye>s ago & ,mr4 ,dwight succe$$ him4 ,9 #aijb x _h #ag1hch miles ( l9e1 #ce1gba miles ( wire1 ov] #b1jjj (fices & transmitt$ #b1gie1bgh messages1 n includ+ press despat*es4 ,rec5tly ,mr4 ,dwight resign$ ! managem5t & 0 succe$$ by ,mr4 ,i4 ,mc,michael4 ,canadian ,pacific ,railway ,telegraph ,9 ! *>t] ( ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway ,company x _h p[] to c>ry on a comm]cial telegraph bus9ess ?r\gh\t ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,! telegraph l9es ( ?is company 7 con/ruct$ concurr5tly ) ! railway :i* 0 begun 9 #ahhj & complet$ 9 #ahhe4 ,! foll[+ ye> ! company inaugurat$ ! comm]cial telegraph bus9ess & ,mr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,hosm] 0 appo9t$ ,g5]al ,manag] ( ?is bran* ( ! company's bus9ess2 ?is selection 0 recogniz$ z a =tunate "o = ! company2 no bett] qualifi$ man c\ld h be5 f\nd 9 ,canada ?an he to prop]ly fill ?is important position4 ,x 0 no light task he _h und]tak51 to equip & man ! num]\s /ations z !y 7 op5$ up = bus9ess1 cov]+ su* a va/ ext5t ( t]ritory z well z to ent] into competition ) a long e/abli%$ telegraph sy/em ?r\gh ! m popul\s sections 9 ! ,ea/4 ,ab\t ?is "t ! ,po/al ,telegraph ,cable ,company 0 reorganiz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! ,comm]cial ,cable e/abli%$1 & a work+ arrangem5t made betwe5 ^! companies & ! ,canadian ,pacific ,telegraph = int]*ange ( traffic1 :i* has prov5 mutually b5eficial to ea* company conc]n$4 ,! l9es ( ! ,canadian ,pacific ,sy/em trav]se f ,halifax to ,vanc\v]1 includ+ num]\s bran* l9es4 ,! ,po/al ,telegraph ,cable ,company cov] ne>ly e /ate & t]ritory 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a direct connection is made ) ! ,gov]nm5t ,cable to ,au/ralia at ,vanc\v] & ) ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company at ,canso1 ,n4,s4 ,9 #aijb ! ,canadian ,pacific ,telegraph ,sy/em _h 9 op]ation #i1gcf miles ( l9e & #da1ced miles ( wire1 #a1jbb (fices & transmitt$ dur+ t ye> #b1jec1jjj messages1 n includ+ press matt] or railway messages4 ,! ,company has two numb] six copp] wires ext5d+ f ,montreal to ,vanc\v]4 ,ab\t f\r ye>s ago ,mr4 ,hosm] resign$2 he 0 succe$$ by ,mr4 ,james ,k5t1 =m]ly ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,ea/]n division4 ,"u him !re are five divisional ,sup]9t5d5ts1 namely3-- ,james ,wilson1 ,vanc\v]4 ,b4 ,s4 ,j5k9s1 ,w9nipeg4 ,a4 ,w4 ,b>b]1 ,toronto4 ,p4 ,w4 ,snid]1 ,/4 ,john4 ,j4 ,f4 ,ri*>dson1 ,montreal4 ,w4 ,j4 ,camp is electrician & ,joseph ,t[nsley ,con/ruction ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,rec5tly ! ,company erect$ on ! =m] site ( its ,head ,(fices 9 ,montreal a h&some fire-pro( /ructure ( :ite brick ) ,ohio /one fac+s1 sev5 /ories 9 height1 comb9+ 9 its int]ior e com=t & conv5i5ce = ! l>ge /aff ( employees4 ,! op]at+ room is spaci\s1 well light$ f ?ree sides1 & furni%$ ) ! late/ designs ( (fice fitt+s & electrical appliances4 ,! telegraph s]vice ( ! ,company is admirably conduct$ & d\btless is n ! lea/ pr(itable ( ! _m ent]prises 9 :i* x has engag$ 94 ,! ,gov]nm5t ,telegraphs4 ,x 0 ?r\gh ! cont9u$ & p]si/5t urg+ ( ! late ,capt4 ,=t91 memb] = ,gasp1 t ! ,dom9ion ,gov]nm5t 0 at l5g? ar\s$ to ! necessity ( provid+ effici5t telegraph facilities 9 ! ,gulf & ! l[] ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,! spl5did telegraph sy/em1 n[ 9 op]ation1 =ms a fitt+ monum5t to 8 memory & is alike cr$itable to ! ,gov]nm5t :i* creat$ x & c>ri$ x out4 ,dur+ ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s s9ce x 0 fir/ initiat$1 !re has be5 erect$ #e1dha miles ( l& wire l9es1 & #bbe miles ( subm>9e cables laid4 ,"o l9e on ! nor? %ore f ,murray ,bay to ,belle ,isle is ov] #a1jjj miles 9 l5g? & !re are ov] #bjj miles on ! ,isl& ( ,antico/i connect+ ! v>i\s ligh?\ses4 ,ext5sions are con/antly be+ made z necessity arises4 ,9 ! ,nor?we/ t]ritory #fjg miles ( l9e connect ,selkirk ) ,edmonton ) int]m$iate /ations & f ,a%cr(t to ,dawson #a1hbf miles1 f ,hazleton to ,port ,sampson1 ,b4,c41 #bjj miles4 ,at ! end ( #aijb !re 7 #bbb ,gov]nm5t ,telegraph ,/ations1 #hi1djj messages transmitt$ & a rev5ue ( #aad1bff d]iv$4 ,! exp5diture 0 #bjh1ifh4 ,all signal & meteorological messages are s5t )\t *>ge4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ,telegraph ,sy/em is "u ! jurisdiction ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,public ,works4 ,,rem>ks4 ,! comm]cial telegraph bus9ess ( ! ,dom9ion is c>ri$ on1 & has be5 = _m ye>s1 by ! ,great ,nor?-,we/]n1 ! ,canadian ,pacific & ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,companies--! latt] 9 ,new ,brunswick & ,nova ,scotia4 ,! ,anglo-,am]ican ,telegraph ,company has ! monopoly 9 ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl& & ,newf\ndl&4 ,! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t ,telegraphs op]ate 9 t]ritory :]e x w\ld n be pr(itable = comm]cial telegraph companies to ent]4 ,! compet+ companies ea* get a fair %>e ( patronage by ex]cis+ c>e & promptitude 9 h&l+ ! bus9ess plac$ 9 _! h&s4 ,! ,canadian public h e reason to feel satisfi$ ) ! telegraphic facilities provid$ by ^! companies & c take pride 9 ! fact t no bett] exi/s any:]e1 or 9 any c\ntry4 ,! rates are reasonable :5 ! great di/ances cov]$ are tak5 into acc\nt4 ,x is gratify+ to "k t !y are do+ a ?riv+ bus9ess1 e ye> %[+ bett] results1 all %>+ 9 ! univ]sal prosp]ity felt ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry n[ & = ye>s gone by4 ,! foll[+ sket*es ( prom95t & well-kn[n telegraph m51 "s ( :om are liv+1 & o!rs :o h pass$ away1 w be ( int]e/ to _m ,canadian read]s4 ,prec$+ ^! brief portraitures are a few rem9isc5t tales recall$ at r&om1 *iefly ,canadian incid5ts ( 8days t are gone40 ,! ,fall ( ,seba/opol4 ,i 0 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company at ! head (fice 9 ,montreal4 ,"o day ! ,sup]9t5d5t summon$ me to 8 pres5ce4 ,he direct$ me to proce$ at once to ,%]brooke z ! op]ator 9 *>ge !re 0 v sick & unable to dis*>ge 8 duties4 ,i left by ! fir/ tra9 & rea*$ my de/9ation ! same ev5+4 ,on arrival ,i notic$ a great cr[d ( p await+ ! tra94 ,some?+ unusual mu/ h happ5$ surely4 ,i imm$iately report$ myself to ! /ation ma/]1 & 0 consid]ably a/oni%$ :5 he seiz$ me by ! %\ld]1 ru%$ me across ! passage to ! telegraph (fice1 ord]$ me to call up ,montreal & enquire if ! rumor$ fall ( ,seba/opol 0 true4 ,?is ,i did & f\nd ! report confirm$4 ,?is 0 on ! #bj? day ( ,septemb]1 #ahee4 ,a ,cun>d /eam] arriv$ at ,halifax t aft]noon br++ ! news :i* 0 fla%$ ov] ! wires by ! ,associat$ ,press4 ,montreal s5t a full report1 :i* came 9 on ! old /yle record+ in/rum5t4 ,a newspap] man came 9 & volunte]$ to write x d[n z ,i read x (f ! pap] reel4 ,ea* %eet :5 f9i%$ 0 read al\d to ! cr[d outside4 ,! despat* end$ & ! p disp]s$4 ,next ev5+ ! ev5t 0 celebrat$ by illum9ations1 bonfires1 feu de joies1 etc4 ,! local militia turn$ out en masse1 head$ by ,capta9 ,ibbotson1 loyal & patriotic songs sung1 & univ]sal joy 0 manife/$ by all4 ,at t p]iod ! t[n 0 l>gely populat$ by ,engli% railway m5 & me*anics :o _h be5 br\ght "h by ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway ,company :5 ! road op5$ up a %ort "t be=e4 ,!re 0 also a consid]able numb] ( retir$ naval & milit>y vet]ans 9 ! t[n & neighborhood1 "s ( :om _h f\ght "u ,nelson & ,well+ton4 ,all ( ^! took a ke5 int]e/ 9 ! fate ( ! ,briti% army 9 ! ,crimea1 & 7 naturally ov]joy$ at ! defeat ( ! enemy & ( ! victory a*iev$4 ,seba/opol fell on ,sept4 #h1 #ahee1 & ! w> 0 virtually end$4 ,montreal1 ,toronto & e t[n & village 9 ,canada celebrat$ ! ev5t ) ! greate/ delight1 b x is safe to say t n[h]e 0 !re m he>ty rejoic+ ?an 9 ! capital city ( ! ,ea/]n ,t[n%ips on ! occasion ref]r$ to4 ,h[ a ,duel 0 ,prev5t$4 ,"o day dur+ ! w9t] #ahef ,i receiv$ a telegram f ,ri*mond1 a /ation on ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway1 ab\t #be miles di/ant1 address$ to ! ,high ,con/able at ,%]brooke to ! effect t a p>ty ( g5tlem5 7 on ! s\?b\nd tra9 ) ! object ( fight+ a duel :5 ! ,am]ican fronti] 0 rea*$1 ! p>ty consi/+ ( ! pr9cipals1 seconds & surgeons1 & to h ! :ole p>ty arre/$4 ,see+ ! importance ( ! message due measures 7 tak5 to h x deliv]$ promptly4 ,! m9ions ( ! law 7 duly on h& & secur$ _! prey on ! arrival ( ! tra94 ,! p>ty 7 mu* surpris$1 z !y _h tak5 e precaution to keep ! affair a pr(\nd secret & 7 ignorant z to h[ ! matt] _h leak$ out4 ,all 7 plac$ "u arre/ & escort$ to ! ,magog ,h\se4 ,!y _h come f ,quebec4 ,! nature ( ! qu>rel ,i am unable to say4 ,!y 7 br\ght be=e a magi/rate & admitt$ ! object ( _! j\rney1 :5 ea* & sev]ally 7 releas$ on _! own recognances4 ,all promis$ to ab&on _! evil int5tions & return to ! anci5t capital =?)4 ,hav+ no?+ special to int]e/ !m = a "t !y adj\rn$ to ! b>-room ( t fam\s ho/l]y1 !n c>ri$ on by ,mr4 ,*5ey1 ! fl[+ b[l pass$ r\nd ) ! result t a reconcilation 0 effect$1 & ! re/ ( ! ev5+ sp5t 9 h>mony & good feel+4 ,! only "o :o refus$ to come to t]ms ( amity 0 "o ( ! sawbones ( ! p>ty6 ,he w\ld h none ( x4 ,!y dep>t$ f ,%]brooke ! foll[+ day1 if n sadd]1 at lea/1 wis] m54 ,read+ by ,s\nd4 ,9 ! e>ly days ( telegraphy ,i 0 employ$ at an important /ation on ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway z comm]cial & railway op]ator4 ,"o night1 aft] a busy day's labor1 ,i 0 prep>+ to leave :5 ,i ov]he>d ! (fice call s\nd$ f ! relay1 ! local batt]y hav+ be5 disconnect$1 z 0 !n ! cu/om :5 leav+ = ! night1 = economical reasons4 ,i answ]$ ! call & v5tur$ to receive ! message f ! s\nd ( ! relay1 & 9 ?is f\nd no difficulty :atev]4 ,:il/ ?us engag$ ! locomotive =eman /epp$ 94 ,s+ul> en\gh1 ! communication 0 = him4 ,he 0 r a/oni%$ at my receiv+ a message 9 ?is fa%ion & express$ 8 surprise4 ,he spoke to o!rs ab\t x1 & ! affair 9 "t rea*$ ! e>s ( ! ,railway ,telegraph ,sup]9t5d5t1 :o1 !reupon1 call$ me up on ! wire & gave me a sev]e reprim&4 ,a 8#bc0 or circul> 0 s5t imm$iately !reaft] to ! effect t x _h come to 8 k t c]ta9 op]ators 7 9 ! habit ( read+ by s\nd in/ead ( f ! regi/]1 ) :i* all /ations 7 provid$1 & w>n+ all to desi/ f ?is dang]\s practice4 ,! mod]n op]ator w be incl9$ to smile at ?is bit ( anci5t hi/ory4 ,9 no v long "t1 aft] ! cu/om became g5]al 9 bo? railway & comm]cial telegraphy1 ! ,record+ in/rum5t1 ^u ! p]fect+ ( :i* ,pr(essor ,morse _h sp5t s mu* "t & labor1 0 ab&on$1 & ! m conv5i5t me?od ( read+ by s\nd sub/itut$4 ,a ,*eeky ,op]ator4 ,my pr$ecessor at a c]ta9 /ation on ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway vacat$ 8 position r sudd5ly by reason ( ! foll[+ colloquy1 & aga9/ :om _m & frequ5t compla9ts _h be5 made4 ,on "o occasion ! ,g5]al ,manag] happ5$ to /ep (f ! tra9 to int]view ! /ation ma/]4 ,among/ o!r subjects spok5 ( 0 ! tr\blesome op]ator4 ,he imm$iately /epp$ across ! passage to h audi5ce ) ! obnoxi\s telegraph]4 ,9 a v impressive tone he said1 8,"y man1 ,i he> a great _m compla9ts aga9/ y4 ,y _h bett] be c>eful or ,i %all h y dis*>g$40 ,! op]ator n kn[+ ! ,g5]al ,manag] f ,adam1 nev] hav+ se5 him be=e1 look$ at him 9 surprise1 & said1 8,:o 9 ! blank are y1 anyway80 8,i am ,mr4 ,bidd]4 ,be c>eful1 sir40 8,i don't c>e a blank :e!r y are ,mr4 ,bidd] or ,mr4 ,auctione]10 turn$ on 8 heel & walk$ away4 ,x may be expla9$ t1 al?\gh do+ railway telegraph "w1 he 0 actually employ$ by ! telegraph company1 & believ$ ! railway company _h no?+ to d ) him1 9 ?is he 0 mi/ak54 ,?is int]view m ?an confirm$ ! num]\s compla9ts1 & ! s]vices ( ! y\? 7 imm$iately disp5s$ )4 ,mr4 ,s4 ,p4 ,bidd] 0 ! fir/ ,g5]al ,manag] ( ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway ( ,canada4 ,all ,fools' ,day ,incid5t4 ,9 ! ye> #ahee1 :5 ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,canada 0 locat$ at ,quebec1 a ,militia ,bill 0 pass$1 divid+ ! militia into active & s$5t>y1 ! fir/ to consi/ ( volunte] troops ( v>i\s grades & classes4 ,provision 0 made = divid+ ! c\ntry into milit>y di/ricts1 regim5tal divisions & battalion divisions1 ) (fic]s = ea*4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds ! organization ( a regul> volunte] =ce 9 ,canada4 ,at ,%]brooke !re 0 consid]able political wire-pull+ on behalf ( ^? :o 7 ambiti\s ( be+ appo9t$ z (fic]s ( ! company to be rais$ at t place4 ,"o individual claim$ t he 0 c]ta9 ( gett+ comm& ( ! new company & ridicul$ ! idea ( any "o else hav+ ! slighte/ *ance ( gett+ ! appo9tm5t4 ,?is r nettl$ "o or two :o 7 equally ambiti\s = ! honor1 & a conspiracy 0 ent]$ into to p]petrate a practical joke at 8 exp5se4 ,a c]ta9 g5tleman call$ at ! telegraph (fice & reque/$ ! favor ( a telegraph blank & envelope1 expla9+ ! purpose = :i* !y 7 int5d$4 ,i hesitat$ ov] ! matt]1 b 0 assur$ he w\ld be responsible %\ld any tr\ble arise4 ,i reluctantly cons5t$4 ,! result 0 a message 0 concoct$ z com+ f ! ,militia ,dep>tm5t at ,quebec to ! effect t ! ,dep>tm5t 7 pleas$ to in=m ! recipi5t t he _h be5 appo9t$ to ! comm& ( ! company at ,%]brooke & t 8 commission = same w\ld be duly =w>d$ by mail4 ,! victim 0 elat$ ov] ! psu$o despat* & took special pa9s to %[ x to ^? :o d\bt$ 8 success4 ,"o p]son1 to :om he confid$ ! cont5ts to & :o 0 "o ( ! conspirators1 d\bt$ its be+ g5u9e1 rem>k+1 ! ,militia ,dep>tm5t 0 n likely to in=m appo9tees by telegraph4 ,he ?\ght x a joke1 & come to ?9k ( x1 ?is 0 ,april ,fool ,day4 ,?is l$ ! irate individual to me1 :5 he desir$ to be in=m$1 :5 ! message 0 receiv$1 h&+ to me ! bogus telegram4 ,i1 ( c\rse1 felt 9 a v awkw>d position4 ,i scann$ x ov] = a m9ute & told him ! message _h n come ?r\gh my (fice4 ,he !reupon w5t (f l a %ot 9 a v dang]\s mood4 ,he wrote ! ,sup]9t5d5t enclos+ ! alleg$ telegram & ?reat5$ an imm$iate action aga9/ ! ,company = all[+ its prop]ty to be ! m$ium ( su* a trick z 0 ! "o compla9$ (4 ,i 0 9 a r bad fix4 ,i expla9$ ! :ole matt] z x occurr$4 ,! in/igator ( ! hoax came to my rescue & assum$ all responsibility2 ! ?reat5$ action 0 n tak5 & ! matt] 0 soon =gott51 b a new rule 0 embodi$ 9 ! ,company's in/ruction book to ag5ts & op]ators =bidd+ inside blanks to be all[$ to g out ( ! (fice "u any pret5se :atev]1 except on ! bus9ess ( ! ,company4 ,?is rule is /ill 9 =ce4 ,! "o actually appo9t$ to comm& ! ,company 0 ! orig9ator ( ! joke h]e9 relat$4 ,an ,angry ,fr5*man4 ,"o day ! hir$ man ( ! village cur h&$ me a seal$ lett] & tw5ty-five c5ts1 ^u receiv+ :i* ,i tore op5 ! envelope 9 ord] to c\nt ! words 9 ! message be=e transmission4 ,i _h no soon] done ?is :5 an angry cry proce$$ f ! ?roat ( ,jean ,bapti/e1 :o held up 8 h&s1 &1 ) a look ( t]ror 9 8 face1 told me 9 brok5 ,engli% t x 0 n = me1 b = ! prie/ at ,/4 ,hyac9!4 ,_h !re n be5 a high c\nt] betwe5 u1 x might h gone h>d ) me4 ,i took 9 ! situation1 h[ev]1 politely begg$ p>don1 ,i _h made a mi/ake1 & put ! cont5ts 9 a fre% envelope1 readdress$ x & ?ru/ ! missive into a box "u ! c\nt]1 ! receptacle = ! pap] f ! record+ in/rum5t on :i* messages 7 receiv$1 & !n gave ! key a few taps1 all ?is be+ )9 ! purview ( ! anxi\s mess5g]4 ,i n[ told him x 0 all "r1 ! message _h gone4 ,he !n dep>t$ ) a smile ( satisfaction on 8 face & a c\rte\s rem]ci monsieur4 ,%ortly aft] ,i resurrect$ ! message & s5t x ov] ! wire 9 ! or?odox fa%ion4 ,! little trick practic$ & ! ignorance %[n may seem l romanc+1 b at t date ev5 _m well-in=m$ p]sons on o!r subjects 7 q z ignorant z ?is simple s]vant man ( ! modus op]&i ( electric telegraphy at t p]iod4 ,pirat+ a ,press ,despat*4 ,a c]ta9 well-kn[n colonel ( militia 9 ,montreal1 n[ deceas$1 :o _h be5 9 ! telegraph s]vice 9 8 boyhood & an exp]t op]ator1 told me ! /ory ,i am ab\t to relate illu/rative ( primitive telegraph days4 ,we 7 swapp+ old-"t telegraph /ories :5 he ex*ang$ ! foll[+3 ,he 0 9 ! employ ( ! old ,briti% ,am]ican ,telegraph ,company4 ,"o day1 ! wires d[n1 :i* happ5$ too (t51 un=tunately1 ,bob hav+ no?+ to occupy 8 "t1 saunt]$ ov] to ! vic9ity ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company1 on ,/4 ,sacram5t ,/reet4 ,x 0 ) a feel+ ( envy he he>d ! busy tick+ ( ! in/rum5ts !re :5 ^? ( 8 ,company 7 dead z a door nail4 ,he l+]$ = a mom5t or two b5ea? ! (fice w9d[1 :i* 0 only a few feet above2 x 0 9 summ] & ! w9d[s 7 all op5 & he c\ld pla9ly decip] ev]y?+ pass+ ov] ! wire4 ,"o item ( "s importance attract$ 8 att5tion :5 ! idea /ruck him he _h bett] take x d[n4 ,he took 8 p5cil & note-book1 copi$ ! item1 w5t back to 8 (fice1 _h x manifold$ & di/ribut$ to ! press4 ,lat] on ! same 0 s5t out by ! o!r ,company1 b 9 a m leisurely fa%ion2 ?is 0 refus$1 on ! gr\nd t x 0 already receiv$ ov] ! wires ( ! ,briti% ,am]ican2 ?is caus$ mu* mortification to ! old] ,company to be beat5 by _! insignificant rival4 ,read+ by s\nd ( ! in/rum5t 0 n a common occurr5ce !n1 & especially on ! public highway4 ,! ,montreal ,company nev] became aw>e ( ! trick t 0 play$ ^u !m4 ,! ,que5's ,message4 ,:5 9 ,augu/1 #aheh1 ! ,atlantic cable _h be5 successfully laid1 unit+ two cont95ts telegraphically1 !re 0 univ]sal rejoic+4 ,! ,que5 s5t a congratulatory message to 8,h] ,good ,fri5d10 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to :i* a suitable reply 0 return$4 ,! brevity ( ! ,que5's message 0 some:at disappo9t+ comp>$ ) ! m l5g?y reply ( ! ,presid5t1 & _m unfavorable comm5ts 7 made 9 ! press & 9 conv]sation4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 aft]w>ds le>n$ t only a portion ( ! communication _h be5 receiv$ ow+ to a tempor>y int]ruption ( ! cable4 ,:5 at la/ ! complet$ message came !re 0 no reason = disappo9tm5t1 & g5]al satisfaction 0 ev9c$4 ,small pieces ( ! unus$ cable ( ab\t an in* to two or ?ree in*es 9 l5g? m\nt$ ) brass or silv] f]rules 7 sold on ! /reet by speculators f #be c5ts to a doll> ea*4 ,! ev5t 0 celebrat$ ) great clat on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic4 ,bann]s 7 display$ ) num]\s devices & quotations f ,scripture su* z1 8,_! l9e is gone out ?r\gh all ! e>? & _! words to ! end ( ! _w10 & f ,%akespe>e1 8,i w put a girdle r\nd ! e>? 9 =ty m9utes40 ,!re 7 tor*light processions1 displays ( fireworks1 illum9ations1 etc41 etc41 toge!r ) addresses by di/+ui%$ m5 9 honor ( ! ev5t4 ,i ref] m p>ticul>ly to ,ogd5sburg1 ,n4,y41 :]e ,i 0 !n situat$ z op]ator & receiv$ ! ,que5's message ov] ! wire4 ,! rejoic+ un=tunately 0 some:at premature4 ,aft] work+ m or less imp]fectly = ?ree weeks1 ! cable gave out completely on ! #a/ ( ,septemb] aft] ! transmission ( #gcj messages _h be5 effect$4 ,! cable op]ator at ,he>t's ,cont5t1 ,newf\ndl&1 nam$ ,de ,sauty1 s5t daily bullet9s to ! press hold+ out /rong hopes = ! re/oration ( ! int]rupt$ communication1 b ^! hopes 7 n realiz$4 ,! bullet9s ceas$ & he disappe>$ & 0 nev] he>d ( aga91 at lea/ by ! public4 ,x is 9 allusion to ?is my/]i\s individual t ,dr4 ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes wrote ! foll[+ humor\s l9es1 & 9 f9e satirical ve9 ?\ght t ) a ,lat9 tutor & a pr(essor ( *emi/ry ! educat$ classes w\ld und]/& x4 ,,de ,,sauty4 ,an ,electro-,*emical ,eclogue4 ,pr(essor4 ,blue ,nose4 ,,pr(essor4 8,tell me1 ,o ,prov9cial6 speak c]uleo ,nasal1 ,lives !re "o ,de ,sauty1 extant n[ among y ,:isp]+ ,boan]ges1 son ( sil5t ?und] ,hold+ talk ) nations4 8,is !re a ,de ,sauty1 ambulant on ,tellus ,bif$ cleft-l mortals dormi5t 9 nightcap ,hav+ sight1 smell1 he>+1 food receiv+ feature ,?ree times daily pat5t4 8,brea!s !re su* a be+1 ,o c]uleo ,nasal ,or is he a my?us1 anci5t "n = humbug ,su* z ,livy told ab\t ! wolf t wet-nurs$ ,romulus & ,remus4 8,0 he born ( woman1 ?is alleg$ ,de ,sauty1 ,or a liv+ product ( galvanic action ,l ! ,ac>us br$ 9 ,crosse's fl9t solution ,speak ?\ ,cyano ,rhynal40 ,,blue ,,nose4 8,_m ?+s ?\ aske/1 ,jacknife-be>+ /rang]1 ,mu* conjectur+ mortal1 pork & treacle wa/] ,pret]mit ?y :itl+ :eel ?9e e>flap t[>ds me ,?\ %alt he> !m answ]$4 8,:5 ! *>ge galvanic t+l$ ?r\gh ! cable ,at ! pol> focus ( ! wire electric1 ,sudd5ly appe>$1 a :ite fac$ man among u1 ,call$ himself ,de ,sauty4 8,z ! small opossum held 9 p\* mat]nal ,grasps ! nutri5t organ :5ce ! t]m mammalia1 ,s ! unkn[n /rang] held ! wire electric ,suck+ 9 ! curr5t4 8,:5 ! curr5t /r5g!n$1 bloom$ ! pale-fac$ /rang]1 ,took no food or victual1 yet grew fat & rosy1 ,&1 f "t to "t 9 %>p articulation ,said1 #8,all "r1' ,de ,sauty4 8,f ! lonely /ation pass$ ! utt]ance spread+ ,?r\gh ! p9es & hemlocks to ! grove ( /eeples1 ,till ! l& 0 fill$ ) l\d rev]b]ations ,( #8,all "r1' ,de ,sauty4 8,:5 ! curr5t slack5$ droop$ ! my/ic /rang]1 ,fad$1 ,fad$1 ,fad$ z ! /ream grew weak] ,wa/$ to a %ad[ ) a h>t%orn odor ,( dis9tegration4 8,drops ( deliquesc5ce gli/5$ f 8 =ehead ,:it5$ r\nd 8 feet ! du/ ( effloresc5ce1 ,till "o ,monday morn+ :5 ! fl[ susp5d$ ,!re 0 no ,de ,sauty4 8,no?+ b a cl\d ( elem5ts organic ,c4 ,o4 ,h4 ,n4 ,f]rum1 ,*or1 ,flu4 ,sil4 ,potassa calc4 ,sod4 ,pho% mag4 ,sulphur ,mang48 ,alum9 caprum ,su* z man is made (4 8,born ( /ream galvanic ) x he _h p]i%$ ,!re is no ,de ,sauty4 ,n[ !re is no curr5t ,give u a new cable1 !n aga9 we'll he> 8 cry1 #8,all "r1' ,de ,sauty40 ,aft] a lapse ( eight ye>s ano!r cable 0 laid 9 #ahff & communication across ! ,atlantic p]man5tly e/abli%$1 b ! my/]i\s ,de ,sauty nev] appe>$4 ,te/+ ! ,cable4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahef ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company laid a subaque\s cable across ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce connect+ ,ogd5sburg1 ,n4,y41 ) its ,canadian l9es4 ,ev]y?+ w5t well till ! break+ up ( ! ice 9 ! spr+1 :5 ! ,am]ican end ( ! cable 0 c>ri$ away f its moor+s4 ,a man 0 s5t f ,montreal to effect ! necess>y repairs4 ,:5 he arriv$1 ,i1 !n be+ 9 *>ge ( ! (fice !re1 decid$ to accompany him & r5d] any assi/ance ,i c\ld4 ,a boat 0 hir$ to r[ ov] to ! ligh?\se :]e ! cable t]m9at$4 ,! craft engag$ 0 r frail & %aky1 ) q a heavy sea runn+4 ,! ,montreal man got safely seat$1 clut*+ ! side ( ! boat ) "o h& & ! te/+ in/rum5t 9 ! o!r4 ,x 0 a cold day 9 ,m>*1 a /iff nor?-we/] 0 bl[+4 ,:5 all 0 ready ! pa9t] 0 unti$1 :5 ,i jump$1 & 9 do+ s lo/ my balance & w5t 9 head=emo/4 ,z ,i bobb$ up ! heels ( my fri5d 7 j visible above ! wat]4 ,we succe$$ 9 gett+ a%ore safely1 b ! te/+ in/rum5t _h gone to ! bottom1 :i* we tri$ to recov]1 b fail$1 & ! trip = ! "t 0 giv5 up4 ,my companion 9 ?is adv5ture 0 ! late ,mr4 ,b[man1 = _m ye>s ! respect$ /orekeep] = ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company4 ,9 meet+ we (t5 rev]t$ to ?is episode 9 our telegraph exp]i5ce & ( our involunt>y ba? 9 ! icy ,/4 ,lawr5ce4 ,cutt+ ,d[n ! ,lib]ty ,pole4 ,9 #aheg ! foll[+ amus+ incid5t occurr$ & w be rememb]$ by "s ( ! old] inhabitants ( ! pretty ,am]ican city on ! s\? bank ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce :]e ,i 0 !n ! ag5t ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company4 ,! villag]s 7x 0 a village at t p]iod7 _h made e prep>ation = ! due celebration ( ,indep5d5ce ,day ) m ?an ord9>y c>e1 & all 7 look+ =w>d to ! ev5t ) eag]ness1 especially ! m y\?ful elem5t ( ! population4 ,! fir/ c]emony obs]v$ at sunrise 0 to raise old glory to ! apex ( ! lib]ty pole1 :i* /ood at ! corn] ( ,=d & ,wat] ,/reets1 b1 to ! amazem5t ( ! p>ty to :om ?is duty 0 assign$1 !re 0 no pole to be se54 ,on a close exam9ation !y f\nd no?+ rema9+ b ! /ump ( ! flag-/aff4 ,! "q 03 ,:o 7 ! ruffians t d>$ to p]petuate ! outrage8 ,none o!r surely t "s sc\ndrels f ! opposite side ( ! riv]4 ,9 ?is surmise !y 7 n f> f ! tru?4 ,aft] indulg+ 9 language m =cible ?an elegant1 l practical ,am]icans1 !y set to "w1 erect$ a tempor>y flag-/aff & ! c]emonies ( ! day 7 c>ri$ out )\t fur!r incid5t4 ,x 0 discov]$ to be a case ( lex talionis on ! "p ( "s "y m5 f ,prescott :o r[$ across ! riv] dur+ ! night & p]=m$ ?is piece ( v&alism 9 rev5ge = a =ay made by "s "y fell[s f ,ogd5sburg on ! previ\s #bd? ( ,may 7! ,que5's ,bir?day71 :5 !y remov$ ! ,briti% flag fly+ on ! old ,w9dmill at ,prescott1 & sub/itut$ ! ,/>s & ,/ripes4 ,:5 ?is fact became kn[n ! ,ogd5sburg p _h to ackn[l$ge x 0 a case ( tit = tat & s]v$ !m "r4 ,=tunately ^! y\?ful pranks 7 condemn$ by all "r ?9k+ p on bo? sides ( ! bord] & 7 n repeat$4 ,! ,burns ,c5t5>y4 ,on ! #be? day ( ,janu>y1 #ahei1 ! bir?day c5t5>y ( ,rob]t ,burns1 ! ,scotti% poet1 0 en?usia/ically commemorat$ by 8 admir]s on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic1 &1 9 fact1 ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! ,globe :]e ,scot*m5 7 to ! =e4 ,x 0 g5]ally obs]v$ 9 ! =m ( a banquet at :i* em95t lit]>y & public m5 7 ! speak]s :o paid gl[+ tributes to ! m]its & g5ius ( ! peasant poet4 ,_m ( ^! addresses are /ill pres]v$4 ,9 ! t[n ( ,brockville1 :]e ,i 0 locat$1 a musical & lit]>y ent]ta9m5t 0 held 9 ! ,metropolitan ,hall1 ! *airman be+ ! ,hon4 ,james ,morris4 ,x 0 well att5d$ by ! lead+ p ( ! t[n4 ,dur+ ! progress ( ! ent]ta9m5t telegraphic congratulatory messages 7 int]*ang$ betwe5 ! *airm5 ( ! diff]5t meet+s !n be+ held 9 ,canada1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 g5]ally c\*$ 9 l9es & phrases f ! poet's works4 ,! *airman gave an eloqu5t address2 o!r speak]s also contribut$ & ! musical programme 0 excell5t1 b "o g5tleman _h prep>$ ) mu* c>e a pap] on ! ,life & ,"* ( ,burns1 :i* 0 admitt$ to be ! gem ( ! ev5+ by all :o he>d x1 b un=tunately v few did4 ,! p]son ref]r$ to 0 a well-kn[n ,m4,d4 :o 0 afflict$ ) deafness2 he spoke 9 a v l[ tone ( voice1 l _m :o suff] f a simil> infirmity4 ,! pap] 0 long1 ! night 0 gett+ late2 be=e he 0 ?r\gh1 ! audi5ce %[$ signs ( we>9ess1 :i* ! *airman notic$1 :5 he rose & begg$ ! ,doctor to k9dly curtail 8 pap] z ! night 0 advanc+ & he _h sev]al o!r items on ! programme b ! *airman's reque/ 0 unhe>d & unconsci\sly ignor$4 ,! audi5ce _h to pati5tly endure ! m>tyrdom to ! end1 a few mean:ile retir+ 9 disgu/4 ,:5 ! end did come ! p 7 s delight$ at be+ reliev$ ( ! infliction t he 0 g5]\sly applaud$1 :5 ) an amiable smile1 & b[+ "r & left 9 ackn[l$gm5t1 resum$ 8 seat 9 happy ignorance t he _h be5 a v tiresome bore inde$4 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,wales at ,brockville4 ,:5 9 ,augu/1 #ahfj1 ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,wales 7n[ ,k+ ,edw>d7 & p>ty _h arrang$ to visit ,brockville1 ! ev5t 0 look$ =w>d to ) e manife/ation ( delight1 & arrangem5ts made to give !m a he>ty reception4 ,! r\te ( ! ,royal p>ty 0 f ,ottawa1 :]e a visit _h be5 made1 & rec5tly nam$ ! capital city ( ,canada by ,que5 ,victoria2 !re !y emb>k$1 sail+ up ! ,ottawa ,riv] to ,arnprior & !nce by c>riages to ,almonte1 & !re entra9$ = ,brockville4 ,all ! villages & hamlets pass$ 7 prettily decorat$ = ! occasion1 "h & !re ev]gre5 ar*es 7 erect$ :]e ! loyal d5iz5s assembl$ & he>tily *e]$ 8 ,royal ,highness 9 pass+4 ,brockville 0 rea*$ ab\t n9e p4m4 ,! ,royal p>ty 0 receiv$ by ! ,mayor1 ,w>d5 ( ,le$s & ,gr5ville & o!r (ficials4 ,addresses 7 pres5t$ & repli$ to by ,h4,r4,h4 ,c>riages 7 9 wait+ to convey !m to ! /eam] at ! dock1 by :i* !y 7 to leave at daybreak = ,k+/on4 ,! ,royal p>ty 7 escort$ f ! railway /ation to ! /eamboat :>f by a gu>d ( hon\r1 foll[$ by a procession ( firem5 & citiz5s c>ry+ tor*es4 ,all ! build+s on ! way 7 brightly illum9at$1 ! *ur* bells m]rily r++ ) a f9e display ( fireworks & ! l\d ovation ( ! p made x a memorable sc5e4 ,in/ead ( dep>t+ at daybreak1 z _h be5 arrang$1 x 0 ab\t ?ree 9 ! aft]noon be=e ! /eam] left4 ,! det5tion 0 caus$ by difficulties :i* _h aris5 at ,k+/on4 ,! ,orange body !re _h erect$ an ar* decorat$ ) emblems ( ! ord] & :i* ! ,royal p>ty w\ld necess>ily h to pass "u4 ,an address by ! ,orangem5 0 to be pres5t$1 to :i* ! ,duke ( ,newca/le 0 unable to ass5t4 ,:ile ! settlem5t ( ?is 0 be+ arrang$ by telegraph wire1 ! ,mayor1 accompani$ by _m prom95t citiz5s1 wait$ on ! ,duke & invit$ ! ,royal p>ty to a drive ?r\gh ! t[n1 :i* 0 graci\sly accept$1 ?us giv+ ! p an opportunity ( see+ ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 to bett] advantage4 ,9 appe>ance he 0 ( m$ium height1 pale complexion1 mode/ 9 demeanor & dignifi$ 9 mann]4 ,he wore a tall :ite hat1 a d>k morn+ coat1 light twe$ tr\s]s1 pat5t lea!r boots & light tan col\r$ gloves4 ,he b[$ 9 ackn[l$gm5t to ! *e]s :i* greet$ him & seem$ to enjoy ! drive4 ,x 0 said ! ,duke rem>k$ he 0 n sorry at ! det5tion z x _h giv5 ! p>ty ! pleasure ( see+ ! pretty t[n by daylight4 ,!re 0 a l>ge ent\rage ( pressm5 report+ ! ,royal progress2 "o ,am]ican correspond5t :5 writ+ up 8 report ask$ me among o!r que/ions h[ _m p 7 9 ! tor*light procession4 ,i told him #ejj1 t be+ ! numb] ( tor*es pur*as$ by ! t[n c\ncil4 ,oh6 he said1 ,i'll make x #e1jjj1 & sure en\gh he did & ,i s5t ?is ov] ! wire4 ,! :ole population1 m51 wom5 & *ildr51 at t p]iod 0 a trifle ov] #d1jjj4 ,?is man aft]w>ds became a fam\s correspond5t dur+ ! ,am]ican ,civil ,w>4 ,! fe>ful & wond]ful reports receiv$ f ! seat ( w> z to ! extraord9>y numb]s ( kill$1 w\nd$ & captur$1 especially dur+ ! e>ly /ages ( ! tr\ble 7 some?+ incr$ible2 ! exp]i5ce n>rat$ %[$ ! ne$ ( a l>ge disc\nt be+ made4 ,! c>riage ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales drove ?r\gh ,brockville1 & own$ by a private g5tlem5 until 8 dea?1 is n[1 or 0 until lately1 do+ duty z a public conveyance4 ,%\ld ?is meet ! eye ( "s weal?y ,am]ican1 x might be a good ?+ = ! cabby4 ,! ,tr5t ,affair4 ,x 0 on ,novemb] #h1 #ahfa1 t ,admiral ,wilkes1 9 comm& ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates frigate ,san ,jac9to int]cept$ ! ,briti% ,r4 ,m4 ,/eam] ,tr5t on h] way f ! ,we/ ,indies to ,engl& & =cibly remov$ !refrom ! two conf$]ate ,/ates ,commission]s ,mason & ,slidell4 ,:5 ! outrage became kn[n !re 0 a univ]sal bur/ ( indignation felt at ! affront 9 ,great ,brita9 & all ! ,briti% possessions4 ,e "o believ$ t unless ! m5 7 giv5 up & ! act disav[$ w> betwe5 ! two c\ntries 0 inevitable4 ,a l>ge milit>y cont+5t 0 despat*$ f ,engl& on ! ,/eam%ip ,p]sia :i* arriv$ at ,rim\ski on ,*ri/mas day1 ,dec4 #be1 #ahfa4 ,a ,que5's mess5g] 0 s5t to ,wa%+ton be>+ an ultimatum f ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t dem&+ t ! m5 be at once releas$4 ,! ,am]ican ,gov]nm5t 7 9 a dilemma4 ,sev]al memb]s ( ! ,cab9et 7 9 favor ( resi/+ ?is dem&1 b ,presid5t ,l9coln1 ) 8 *>act]i/ic common s5se said 8,"o w> at a "t1 g5tlem51 "o w> at a "t10 & ! commission]s 7 surr5d]$ & transf]r$ to a ,briti% man-(-w> at ,new ,york on ,janu>y #a/1 #ahfb1 & am5de honorable made4 ,:ile ! negotiations betwe5 ! ,am]ican & ,briti% ,gov]nm5ts 7 9 progress1 ! gov]nm5t & p ( ,canada 7 wat*+ ! tr5d ( ev5ts ) ! ke5e/ int]e/1 & prep>ations 7 made = possible ev5tualities1 flank companies at ! respective milit>y di/ricts 7 ord]$ to prep>e = active s]vice4 ,:5 ?is ord] came by telegraph to ! colonel ( ,brockville ,di/rict1 ,i deliv]$ x p]sonally & took occasion to in=m him t if he w\ld give me a commission 9 ! company go+ on active s]vice ,i 0 prep>$ to jo9 at a mom5t's notice4 ,?is reque/ pleas$ ! vet]an 7he 0 out 9 ! rebellion7 giv+ me a he>ty grip4 8,y're ! "r sort4 ,i accept y\r s]vices & %all h a commission = y )9 a week40 ,a few days aft] ,i 0 mu* gratifi$ :5 ,i receiv$ a l>ge envelope conta9+ my promis$ commission1 ! same be+ initiall$ by ! ,hon4 ,james ,morris1 ! speak] ( ! ,legislative ,c\ncil & resid5t ( ,brockville2 a %ort "t !reaft] :ile visit+ 8 home he ent]$ ! telegraph (fice to s5d a message4 ,i took ?is opportunity ( ?ank+ him = ! commission he s5t me4 ,he gl>$ at me = a second or two & said1 8,! commission is n = y2 x is = ,john ,murray ! but*]40 8,oh6 inde$1 ,i beg p>don4 ,i 0 "u ! impression x 0 = ,j4 ,m4---- g5tleman40 ,i did n get ?is (f 9 a res5tful mood2 x 0 m]ely repeat+ ! language ( ! docum5t4 ,( c\rse ,i h&$ x ov] to my namesake1 ! rightful own]1 a v respectable man ( ! t[n1 :5 my milit>y ambitions came to an end4 ,! s]vices ( ! flank companies 7 n requir$ aft] ! causes belle _h be5 remov$ & ,canada once m resum$ h] usual peace foot+4 ,! ,old ,soldi] & ! ,p>son4 ,ab\t =ty odd ye>s ago :5 ,i 0 act+ 9 ! capacity ( telegraph1 express & /eam%ip ag5t at ,brockville1 ! foll[+ incid5t happ5$1 :i* may be wor? recall+3 ,"o day an old g5tleman ent]$ ! (fice & desir$ me to furni% a /eam%ip ticket to ,liv]pool4 ,he in=m$ me he 0 on 8 way to revisit 8 native l& :i* he _h n se5 = _m ye>s4 ,he 0 9 ! army previ\s to settl+ 9 "o ( ! back t[n%ips4 ,al?\gh well on 9 ye>s he look$ hale & he>ty1 /raight z an arr[ & a rem>kably h&some old fell[4 ,aft] complet+ 8 pur*ase & ab\t to dep>t1 he obs]v$ a pair ( ,fairbanks scales & reque/$ me to weigh him1 z he w\ld l to see :e!r he lo/ or ga9$ on ! voyage4 ,:il/ occupi$ 9 ?is1 ano!r old g5tleman walk$ 9 att5tively wat*+ ! op]ation2 he also reque/$ me to d a simil> favor = him4 ,he prov$ v mu* light] & some:at disappo9t$1 & rem>k$3 8,well1 y are heavi] ?an ,i1 b ,i ?9k ,i c beat y 9 l5g? ( ye>s40 8,h[ old are y80 brusquely qu]ri$ ! old soldi]4 8,i am #hd10 look+ triumphantly at 8 que/ion]4 8,my "y fri5d ,i am #he4 ,i am heavi] ?an y1 old] ?an y & 7:isp]+ 9 8 e>7 c look at ! girls yet60 ,s+ul> en\gh1 ! "n ( ! latt] 0 ,mr4 ,"y1 ! =m] ! ,rev4 ,wm4 ,sm>t1 a well-kn[n & respect$ cl]gyman1 ^: *ief weakness 0 a c]ta9 vanity 9 8 l5g? ( ye>s1 c\pl$ ) activity & good heal? on :i* he greatly prid$ himself4 ,he 0 !re=e1 consid]ably humiliat$ at be+ ?us s badly tak5 d[n & 8 dignity ruffl$ by ! above rem>k4 ,! ,f5ian ,sc>e4 ,:5 9 ! summ] ( #ahff ! ,f5ians invad$ ,canada & enc\nt]$ ! ,canadian militia at ,ridgeway1 consid]able al>m 0 felt all along ! fronti]4 ,cornwall1 ,prescott1 ,brockville & ,k+/on 7 /r5g!n$ ) bodies ( militia z be+ probable po9ts ( invasion4 ,= a "t ! ,gov]nm5t took possession ( ! telegraph l9es until all dang] _h pass$4 ,telegraph (fices 7 kept op5 day & night by ord]s f ,ottawa2 ?is cont9u$ 9 =ce = sev]al weeks4 ,i 0 !n at ,brockville & f\nd ! long h\rs v irksome4 ,no "o believ$ 9 ! likelihood ( an attack "h1 b "o night ?is belief 0 r di/urb$ :5 a communication 0 receiv$ by ! (fic] 9 comm& w>n+ him to be on ! al]t z a body ( ,f5ians _h seiz$ a /eam] at ,clayton1 on ! ,am]ican side ( ! riv]1 ) ! probability ( attack+ ,brockville or ,prescott4 ,v soon ! s\nd ( ! bugle 0 he>d & ! m5 =m$ 9 read9ess to meet ! enemy4 ,!y _h be5 drill+ = sev]al weeks & 7 9 spl5did fight+ trim1 & "u ! comm& ( an exp]i5c$ (fic]1 ,lieut5ant-,colonel ,at*]ley1 ,d4,a4,g41 :o _h se5 s]vice 9 ! ,crimea & ,india1 9 :om (fic]s & m5 _h ! utmo/ confid5ce4 ,a home gu>d 0 ha/ily organiz$ to wat* ! riv] front & give timely notice %\ld any suspici\s craft appe>4 ,dur+ ! prevail+ excitem5t "s "o rang ! t[n al>m bell1 :5 ! citiz5s 7 ar\s$ f _! b$s1 & ! /reets 7 soon cr[d$ ) m51 wom5 & *ildr5 eag] to le>n :at 0 ! cause ( ! al>m4 ,_m amus+ sc5es 7 witness$4 ,a few timid s\ls procur$ teams1 load$ !m ) h\sehold effects1 & ) _! families />t$ = saf] qu>t]s 9 ! back c\ntry4 ,_m old vet]ans ( ! ,canadian rebellion 7 se5 c>ry+ weapons ( def5se1 b appe>$ m likely to be (f5sive only to !mselves4 ,"o ag$ g5tleman c>ri$ a sword ) a rope 9 lieu ( belt & m9us ! scabb>d2 he refus$ to wa/e "t look+ = su* app5dages at su* a "t2 ! nak$ sword 0 good en\gh = him4 ,! night 0 d>k & om9\s2 e "o await$ com+ ev5ts ) anxiety & m or less n]v\sness1 & dawn began to appe>1 b no signs ( ! enemy4 ,mean:ile "s ( ! home gu>d got tir$ wait+ = ! ,f5ians1 :o decl9$ to come1 & !y "o by "o segregat$ to enjoy ! com=ts ( _! own firesides or seek repose on _! d[ny b$s at home4 ,9 ?is action ! (fic] comm&+ ! home gu>d prec$$ 8 m5 & 0 ! fir/ to retire1 b "o ( _! numb] a /urdy ,scot1 hav+ be5 plac$ on an em95ce favorable to scan ! movem5ts ( ! craft on ! riv]1 he held on to 8 po/1 h[ev]4 ,8 family hunt$ him up & _h mu* difficulty on prevail+ ^u him to come home4 ,! only fatality t occurr$ 0 ! dea? ( an old lady1 :o1 ne>+ ! end1 collaps$ sudd5ly :5 he>+ ! al>m bell & told ! reason = its be+ rung4 ,%ortly aft] ! ,f5ian fiasco became a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,pr(essor ,morse's ,val$ictory ,message4 ,9 #ahgj1 :5 ,mr4 ,morse _h ent]$ 8 eightie? ye>1 x 0 felt by _m telegraph m5 t "s fitt+ recognition %\ld be paid to ! illu/ri\s inv5tor be=e ! close ( 8 valuable life1 :i* 0 n[ ne>+ ! end4 ,9 accordance ) ?is g5]al feel+ action 0 tak5 & a committee =m$1 :5 aft] mu* ?\ght _h be5 giv5 to ! subject1 x 0 at la/ decid$ ! mo/ appropriate memorial 9 its op9ion w\ld be to erect a /atue & place x 9 ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york4 ,?is sugge/ion _h ! g5]al approval ( ! telegraph frat]nity4 ,to c>ry ?is out subscriptions 7 invit$2 "o ( ! fir/ to contribute to ! fund 0 ,mr4 ,john ,horn1 ( ,montreal1 !n 9 ,new ,york1 & to complete ! sum requir$ ,sir ,hugh ,allan 0 appeal$ to & promptly s5t ! desir$ am\nt4 ,! c]emony ( unveil+ ! /atue took place on ,june #aj1 #ahga4 ,repres5tative telegraph m5 f e ,/ate & t]ritory1 z well z ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada1 7 pres5t1 includ+ _m civic & ,/ate (ficials1 & addresses 7 deliv]$ by ,gov]nor ,h(fman1 ,mayor ,hall1 ! v5]able poet1 ,william ,cull5 ,bryant & o!rs4 ,9 ! ev5+ a public reception ( ! delegates 0 held at ! ,academy ( ,music1 :i* 0 fill$ to ov]fl[+1 ! ,hon4 ,william ,orton1 ,presid5t ( ! ,we/]n ,union1 presid+1 by :om ! delegates 7 cordially welcom$4 ,on ! plat=m 0 a table & a set ( telegraph in/rum5ts connect$ ) ! ma9 (fice ( ! ,we/]n ,union ,company4 ,punctually at #i p4m41 z previ\sly arrang$1 ,pr(essor ,morse1 :o 0 pres5t1 indit$ ! foll[+ val$ictory3 8,greet+ & ?anks to ! telegraph frat]nity ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,glory to ,god 9 ! highe/1 on e>? peace & good-w to m540 ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse4 ,! message 0 s5t ov] ! wires by a "y lady op]ator & ,mr4 ,morse transmitt$ ! signature4 ,! writ] 0 at ,brockville1 ,ont41 at ! "t & receiv$ ?is n[ hi/oric message simultane\sly ) hundr$s1 p]haps ?\s&s ( o!rs4 ,mr4 ,morse did n long survive ?is dramatic ev5t4 ,x 0 8 la/ public appe>ance b "o previ\s to 8 dea?4 ,illu/ration3 ,o4 ,s4 ,,wood4 ,o4 ,s4 ,wood1 ,esq4 ,"o ( ! mo/ notable telegraph m5 9 ,am]ica1 ! fir/ pupil ( ,pr(essor ,morse & ! fir/ to inaugurate an electric telegraph sy/em 9 ,canada on an ext5sive scale4 ,born 9 #ahag1 ne> ,i?aca1 ,n4,y41 aft] a gramm> s*ool & collegiate c\rse1 he /udi$ & became a civil eng9e]1 & 0 = "s "t employ$ 9 t capacity by ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,gov]nm5t4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,morse 0 exhibit+ 8 telegraph at ,wa%+ton1 9 #ahdd1 ,mr4 ,wood 0 induc$ to jo9 ! inv5tor1 & became 8 associate 9 con/ruct+ & work+ ! exp]im5tal l9e betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore1 & ! fir/ to op]ate ! l9e :5 op5$ = public bus9ess & aft]w>ds engag$ 9 con/ruct+ telegraph l9es 9 o!r directions4 ,e>ly 9 #ahdg1 :5 ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company 0 =m$1 8 s]vices 7 s\ght1 & he 0 appo9t$ its fir/ ,g5]al ,manag]4 ,by ! end ( ?is ye> a telegraph l9e 0 9 op]ation betwe5 ,montreal & ,toronto1 & to ,quebec ! foll[+ ye>1 & 9 "t ext5d$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry4 ,ow+ to ,mr4 ,wood's able adm9i/ration ! ,company became "o ( ! mo/ important in/itutions 9 ,canada4 ,aft] a long & successful c>e] ,mr4 ,wood retir$ 9 #ahfe1 c>ry+ ) him ! good w ( ! public & ! respect & e/eem ( ! directors & employees ( ! ,company4 ,he subsequ5tly engag$ 9 o!r telegraphic ent]prises 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 all ( :i* he 0 equally =tunate4 ,aft] amass+ a consid]able =tune he retir$ f active bus9ess pursuits _m ye>s ago1 & is n[ sp5d+ ! ev5+ ( 8 days at a quiet suburb ( ,new ,york4 ,he is a man ( comm&+ pres5ce1 tall1 dignifi$ & face be>+ a v /rik+ resemblance to ,wa%+ton4 ,he possesses a highly cultur$ m9d1 a humane & b5evol5t disposition1 c\pl$ ) an agreeable & attractive mann]4 ,he is1 & 0 always1 a patriotic ,am]ican citiz54 ,dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ,canada he nev] rel9qui%$ 8 bir?right4 ,! "n ( ,orr9 ,s4 ,wood w be long rememb]$ by telegraph m5 z ! fir/ telegraphi/ on ! cont95t ( ,am]ica1 a di/9ction wor?y ( record 9 ! annals ( telegraphy1 & is ! olde/ telegraph man liv+ at ! pres5t "t 9 ,am]ica4 ,long may he be sp>$ is ! f]v5t hope ( ! telegraph frat]nity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sir ,,hugh ,,allan4 ,sir ,hugh ,allan4 ,! "n ( ?is g5tleman w be rememb]$ 9 connection ) ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company4 ,he 0 its ,presid5t f #ahea until ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,x 0 l>gely ?r\gh 8 ef=ts 9 conjunction ) ,mr4 ,wood t ! telegraph sy/em 0 ext5d$ to ! mo/ remote po9ts 9 ,canada4 ,x may n be g5]ally kn[n t1 al?\gh a v busy man1 he acquir$ a k ( telegraphy & became an exp]t telegraphi/4 ,he _h a private wire erect$ f 8 palatial resid5ce1 ,rav5scrag1 & connect$ ) ! g5]al telegraph (fice1 & by ?is means kept 9 con/ant t\* ) ! inw>d & outw>d movem5ts ( 8 l>ge /eam%ip fleet4 ,he 0 = _m ye>s a director ( ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company1 & "o ( ! e>ly contributors to ! fir/ ,atlantic cable1 & = a "t "o ( its directors1 b ,sir ,hugh ,allan w be bett] kn[n z ! orig9ator ( ! ,montreal ,ocean ,/eam%ip ,company 7n[ kn[n z ! ,allan ,l9e47 ,!re 0 no limit to 8 sup]abundant en]gy2 no important ent]prise 0 ?\ght ( unless 8 "n & influ5ce 0 s\ght4 ,he 0 presid5t or director 9 ne>ly e f9ancial or indu/rial company 9 ,montreal4 ,no "o be=e or s9ce has occupi$ su* a comm&+ position 9 bus9ess life 9 ,canada4 ,he receiv$ ! honor ( knigh?ood f ! late ,que5 p]sonally 9 recognition ( 8 great public s]vices2 ?is honor 0 nev] m wor?ily be/[$4 ,sir ,hugh ,allan 0 a native ( ,scotl&1 born at ,saltcoats1 ,ayr%ire1 ,sept4 #bi1 #ahaj4 ,8 dea? took place 9 ,ed9burgh :ile !re on a visit ,dec4 #i1 #ahhb4 ,! wond] is t "s endur+ m>k ( public appreciation has n be5 =mulat$ to p]petuate ! "n ( "o :o has done s mu* = ! l& ( 8 adoption4 ,a /atue on ,dom9ion ,squ>e w\ld be a fitt+ mom5to4 8,lives ( great m5 all rem9d u ,we c make our lives sublime1 ,& dep>t+ leave beh9d u ,footpr9ts on ! s&s ( "t40 ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,,dak]s4 ,james ,dak]s1 ,esq4 ,born 9 ,=f>1 ,scotl&1 9 #ahaa1 on complet+ 8 /udies at ! p>o*ial s*ool1 he s]v$ 8 appr5tice%ip 9 an attorney's (fice 9 8 native t[n1 & came to ,canada 9 #ahdj4 ,he ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company %ortly aft] its organization z ,secret>y4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,wood sep>at$ f ! ,company 9 #ahfe1 ,mr4 ,dak]s 0 appo9t$ ,manag] ( ! ,ea/]n division1 act+ z ,secret>y 9 addition4 ,ow+ to 8 fai?ful & en]getic s]vices ! success ( ! company 0 greatly enhanc$4 8,:atev] ?y h& f9de? to d1 d x ) all ?y might10 seem$ to be 8 guid+ pr9ciple4 ,l ! re/less sea1 always mov+1 if n engag$ at 8 own special "w1 he w\ld repair to ! op]at+ dep>tm5t & give a help+ h&1 "h & !re1 :]e mo/ ne$$1 !n to ! receiv+ c\nt] att5d+ to cu/om]s4 ,9 ! e>ly telegraph days dur+ a pressure ( bus9ess1 he n infrequ5tly w\ld take a h&ful ( messages & deliv] on 8 way to meals1 & kept a vigilant eye on e dep>tm5t ( ! company's op]ations4 ,:5 ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company leas$ its bus9ess to ! ,great ,nor? ,we/]n ,company1 9 #ahha1 he 0 n 9 accord ) ! directors 9 ?is move1 & resign$1 reta9+1 h[ev]1 ! good w ( ! %>ehold]s1 _m ( :om %>$ 8 views1 & ! respect ( ! bus9ess community by :om he 0 long & fav\rably kn[n4 ,! foll[+ tribute to 8 wor? by ! late ,rev4 ,dr4 ,ormi/on 9 a lett] to a fri5d is des]v+ a place "h3 8,james ,dak]s is 9 _m respects a rem>kable man4 ,not)/&+ _m disadvantages1 he has fairly e>n$ ! high position ( influ5ce1 indep5d5ce & usefulness :i* he n[ occupies4 ,he is *>act]iz$ by indomitable en]gy1 great =ce ( "*1 unyield+ t5acity ( purpose1 8 intellect is ( a high ord]1 & em95tly practical1 inflexibly upright 9 all 8 deal+s1 consci5ti\sly fai?ful to all 8 obligations1 punctual & ?or\gh 9 ! p]=mance ( all 8 duties1 incapable ( meanness1 8 ^w z good z 8 bond1 he is a man univ]sally tru/$2 8 sympa?ies ) ! suff]+ & ! /ruggl+ are wide & t5d]4 8,_m bless him = 8 wise c\nsels & effici5t aid2 ! ext5t & g5u95ess ( 8 ,*ri/ian *>ity is z manife/ z ! /eadfa/ness ( 8 religi\s life2 z a true fri5d1 he is "o among a ?\s&4 8,7 ,i ask$ by a "y man = a model ( a man1 e>ne/ & indefatigable1 pure & firm 9 pr9ciple1 exempl>y & consi/5t 9 "*1 desirable & valuable 9 fri5d%ip1 ,i w\ld n hesitate to po9t him to ,james ,dak]s1 ( ,montreal40 ,?is 0 a v high te/imonial ( ! "* ( ,mr4 ,dak]s by "o :o knew him intimately = _m ye>s4 ,aft] giv+ up 8 connection ) telegraph int]e/s1 ) :i* he _h be5 s long associat$1 he liv$ 9 retirem5t until 8 dea?1 :i* occurr$ on ,april #ae1 #ahhg4 ,illu/ration3 ,h4 ,p4 ,,dwight4 ,h4 ,p4 ,dwight1 ,esq4 ,= ! long p]iod ( fifty-six ye>s ,mr4 ,dwight has be5 cont9u\sly engag$ 9 ! telegraph s]vice1 & only q rec5tly retir$ f ! m active duties ( 8 call+4 ,born on ,decemb] #bc1 #ahbh1 at ,belleville1 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,n4,y41 he ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company 9 #ahdg1 ! ye> ( its organization1 & plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! ,belleville1 ,ont>io1 ,(fice1 :]e he rema9$ = a "t1 & aft]w>ds employ$ at ! ,head ,(fice1 ,montreal4 ,:5 ! wires connect$ ,toronto he 0 appo9t$ ag5t !re & soon made sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,we/]n ,section4 ,9 #ahha1 :5 ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company leas$ its bus9ess to ! ,great ,nor? ,we/]n ,telegraph ,company he 0 appo9t$ g5]al manag] ( ! latt]4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,wiman resign$ ! presid5cy ( t company1 ,mr4 ,dwight succe$$ him & fill$ ! dual positions until a few mon?s ago1 :5 he resign$ ! g5]al manag]%ip1 ! duties be+ too on]\s & exact+ = "o at 8 "t ( life4 ,mr4 ,dwight is associat$ ) _m o!r ent]prises4 ,he is presid5t ( ! ,canadian ,g5]al ,electric ,company & a director ( ! ,toronto & ,london ,electric ,company1 presid5t ( ,birkbeck ,inve/m5t ,company & *airman ( ! ,gov]nors ( ! ,royal ,humane ,society4 ,he is a man ( f9e physique1 has liv$ a regul> & c>eful life1 :i* acc\nts = ! vigor\s & ev]gre5 appe>ance at 8 "t ( life4 ,he is a ke5 sportsman & a devot$ disciple ( ,isaac ,walton4 ,e ye> he f9ds "t to sp5d a few weeks 9 ! happy summ]-"t1 9 ! wilds ( ,nor!rn ,ont>io1 9 que/ ( ! speckl$ beauties ( t region1 or 9 ! l[] ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 seek+ ! haunts ( ! lordly salmon 9 ! ,re/ig\*e or o!r fam\s /reams4 ,9 clos+ we wi% him long life & _m ye>s to indulge 9 ?is 8 favorite recreation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,william ,,cassils4 ,william ,cassils1 ,esq4 ,born 9 ! village ( ,r5ton1 ,dunb>ton%ire1 on ,june #be1 #ahcb1 aft] acquir+ a rudim5t>y tra9+ 9 ! p>o*ial s*ool1 & equipp$ = a bus9ess c>e]1 he engag$ 9 a comm]cial h\se = a "t1 b 8 prospects 7 n equal to 8 y\?ful ambition1 & 8 att5tion 0 direct$ to ,canada :]e9 he _h relatives & 0 enc\rag$ to jo9 !m4 ,he arriv$ at ,montreal 9 #aheb4 ,%ortly aft] 8 arrival he ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company2 8 abilities 7 soon recogniz$--)9 a %ort "t he 0 appo9t$ manag] ( ! ,quebec ,(fice1 ! second 9 importance to ,montreal1 & lat] 0 made sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,ea/]n ,division2 :ile 9 ?is position he _h ! wires ext5d$ to ,fa!r ,po9t1 ! extreme ea/]n limit ( ! ,company's sy/em at t "t4 ,9 #ahfe he left ! telegraph s]vice to engage 9 a :olesale bus9ess 9 ,montreal1 b 8 he>t 0 nev] q divorc$ f 8 fir/ call+4 ,9 #ahgf he organiz$ ! ,canadian ,di/rict ,telegraph ,company & became its presid5t4 ,:5 ! telephone fir/ made its appe>ance he =esaw its great possibilities1 :5 he1 9 association ) o!rs1 e/abli%$ 9 #ahgh ! fir/ telephone ex*ange 9 ,canada1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds m]g$ ) ! ,bell ,telephone ,sy/em4 ,he 0 a ,director ( ! ,montreal ,telephone ,company1 ,presid5t ( ! ,canada ,c5tral ,railway & adm9i/rator ( ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce & ,ottawa ,railway1 bo? ( :i* are n[ l9k$ to ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway2 he 0 also ,presid5t ( ! ,dom9ion ,transport ,company1 b 8 int]e/ & sympa?ies 7 always ke5ly direct$ to ! progress & developm5t ( telegraphy4 ,he himself 0 an exp]t telegraphi/ & always took a lively int]e/ 9 ! welf>e & success ( ! telegraph frat]nity4 ,he 0 amiable 9 mann]1 k9d 9 disposition & g5]\s to a fault2 8 purse 0 ev] op5 to ! ne$y or un=tunate4 ,he possess$ a f9e t5or voice 9 8 "y days4 ,:5 at social ga!r+s he r5d]$ ! songs ( 8 native l& ) a sweetness & pa?os few c\ld equal4 ,he took a great int]e/ 9 "y m51 & _m 7 indebt$ to him = advice & assi/ance 9 beg9n+ ! battle ( life4 ,he pass$ away at a comp>atively e>ly age 79 8 fifty-n9? ye>7 on ,decemb] #be1 #ahia4 8,h[e'er x be1 x seems to me ',tis only noble to be good ,k9d he>ts are m ?an coronets1 ,& simple fai? ?an ,norman blood40 ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,,p\/ie4 ,james ,p\/ie1 ,esq4 ,born at ,montrose1 ,scotl&1 9 #ahcj4 ,:ile yet an infant1 8 p>5ts came to ,canada 9 ! hi/oric brig 8,favorite10 own$ & comm&$ by ! fa!r ( ! late ,sir ,hugh ,allan4 ,mr4 ,p\/ie is ! pione] telegraph l9e build] ( ,canada4 ,he 0 engag$ by ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company %ortly aft] its organization4 ,aft] ! contractors _h f9i%$ ! l9e betwe5 ,montreal & ,toronto1 all l9e ext5sions !reaft] 7 "u 8 p]sonal sup]vision4 ,he w\ld />t e>ly 9 ! spr+ ) gangs ( l9em51 equipp$ ) tools & provisions1 live "u canvas dur+ ! build+ season & return 9 ! fall to prep>e = ! next ye>'s op]ations4 ,?is cont9u$ on f "o ye> to ano!r until ! :ole c\ntry 0 cov]$ ) a network ( wires4 ,9 pur*as+ mat]ial ,mr4 ,p\/ie 0 a %rewd & c>eful buy]1 gett+ ! v be/ to be _h at ! l[e/ figure4 ,9 hir+ labor1 :ile pay+ lib]al wages1 he took good c>e to receive 9 return a fair day's "w = a fair day's wage f 8 m54 ,?\gh /]n & exact+1 he 0 n unk9d4 ,8 gangs ( m5 7 *iefly ,fr5* ,canadians2 he knew _! language & c\ld apply x =cibly1 if n elegantly1 :5 circum/ances requir$ x4 ,8 m5 7 devot$ to him & work$ l beav]s4 ,x is no exagg]ation to say t ow+ to inh]5t %rewdness 9 h&l+ 8 m5 & pur*as+ supplies ! l9es 7 con/ruct$ at half ! co/ ( simil> "w 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 ?is fact ! ,company soon became cognizant (4 ,f9ally ! sy/em became s ext5sive z to dem& a division ( labor & responsibility :5 =em5 7 plac$ 9 *>ge ( important sections ( ! l9e1 & ,mr4 ,p\/ie direct$ op]ations f headqu>t]s at ,montreal & became ,g5]al ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,con/ruction4 ,?is position he held = _m ye>s4 ,at l5g? he resign$ to re/ = a :ile4 ,he is at pres5t associat$ ) ,r4 ,g4 ,reid ,co41 ( ,newf\ndl&1 9 _! ,montreal (fice4 ,mr4 ,p\/ie is a man lib]ally end[$ ) good common s5se1 dislikes humbug or ins9c]ity1 a ke5 obs]v] ( m5 & possesses a ret5tive memory & a happy ve9 ( dry cau/ic humor ) a m]ry tw9kle 9 8 cle> p5etrat+ greyi% blue eyes4 ,he c relate _m int]e/+ tales g5]ally1 f a humor\s po9t ( view1 9 ref]5ce to 8 own v>i$ exp]i5ce1 all ( :i* are well wor? li/5+ to4 ,he is /ill vigor\s & he>ty1 & we hope has _m ye>s be=e him4 ,l ,yorick1 8,a man ( inf9ite je/1 ( mo/ excell5t fancy40 ,illu/ration3 ,,*as4 ,r4 ,,hosm]4 ,*>les ,r4 ,hosm]1 ,esq4 8,"s are born great4 ,"s a*ieve greatness4 ,"s h greatness ?ru/ ^u !m40 ,x is no difficult task to det]m9e to :i* class ,mr4 ,hosm] belongs4 ,born "s fifty ye>s ago 9 ! little ,fr5* ,canadian village1 ,coteau ,l&+4 ,on receiv+ an elem5t>y tra9+ at ! village s*ool he turn$ 8 att5tion to telegraphy1 &1 in/ruct$ 9 its my/]ies by ! op]ator & ag5t at ! railway /ation !re1 qualify+ z an op]ator he secur$ a position ) ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company & 0 9 its employ = "s ye>s4 ,:5 ! ,dom9ion ,telegraph ,company came into be+ he ent]$ ! s]vice & rose /ep by /ep to ! highe/ position atta9able4 ,:5 t ,company m]g$ ) ! ,great ,nor? ,we/]n1 ,mr4 ,hosm] 0 (f]$ & accept$ ! (fices ( ,presid5t & ,g5]al ,manag] ( ! ,canada ,mutual ,telegraph ,company1 !n rec5tly organiz$4 ,a few ye>s lat] :5 ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway ,company 7 ab\t to e/abli% a comm]cial telegraph bus9ess1 he 0 made ,g5]al ,manag]1 & held ?is = "s ?irte5 or f\rte5 ye>s1 dur+ :i* p]iod he 0 v successful 9 organiz+ & c>ry+ on ?is bran* ( ! ,company's bus9ess4 ,he 0 also a lead+ factor 9 exploit+ ! ,comm]cial ,cable & ! ,po/al ,telegraph ,cable ,companies2 he is a ,vice-,presid5t ( ! =m] & a director ( ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 director ( ! ,m]*ants' ,bank & _m o!r f9ancial conc]ns2 ,presid5t ( ! ,ogilvie ,mill+ ,company1 said to be ! l>ge/ ( ! k9d exi/+2 a memb] ( ,/4 ,james' ,club & at "o "t ,presid5t2 he is also a memb] ( ,m\nt ,royal 7yclept ! millionaires' club74 ,mr4 ,hosm] is a recogniz$ lead] 9 f9ancial circles 9 ,montreal2 he is possess$ ( a *e]y1 bright & w9n+ p]sonality1 affects no airs1 graci\s 9 mann] ) a pleasant ^w = all4 ,al?\gh n actively connect$ ) ! ,canadian ,pacific ,telegraph ,sy/em1 8 guid+ h& is always rea*$4 ,he is yet a "y man1 full ( life & en]gy1 !re is no say+ ! numb] & k9d ( activities may fur!r engage 8 busy & re/less m9d4 ,8 motto seems to be3 8,/ill a*iev+1 /ill pursu+1 ,& a he>t = any fate40 ,illu/ration3 ,,hon4 ,,geo4 ,a4 ,,cox4 ,hon4 ,george ,alb]tus ,cox4 ,born at ,colborne1 ,ont41 ,may #g1 #ahdj1 he comm5c$ bus9ess life !re z an op]ator 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company4 ,aft] two ye>s sp5t 9 ! (fice ( 8 native t[n he 0 9 ,may1 #aheh1 plac$ 9 *>ge ( ! ,pet]boro (fice ( ! ,company & 9 addition a few ye>s lat] 0 made ag5t ( ! ,canadian ,express ,company4 ,he took an active "p 9 ! municipal1 educational & comm]cial int]e/s ( ! t[n & 0 = sev5 ye>s its mayor4 ,9 #ahhh he left ,pet]boro1 & f t "t has resid$ 9 ,toronto :]e !re is a wid] scope = 8 en]gies4 ,he 0 appo9t$ to ! ,s5ate 9 #ahif by ,"l ,ab]de54 ,mr4 ,cox is a /rong temp]ance man & a w>m support] ( ! ,me?odi/ ,*ur*1 ( :i* he is a memb]2 is ,burs> ( ,victoria ,univ]sity & ,presid5t ( ! ,ladies' ,college1 ,:itby2 ,presid5t ( ! ,bank ( ,comm]ce1 ! ,canada ,life ,insurance ,company1 ! ,we/]n ,fire ,insurance & on ! directorate ( _m o!r companies2 is "o ( ! lead+ f9anci]s 9 ! ,dom9ion4 ,8 "n has be5 publicly m5tion$ z "o likely to receive honors at ! h&s ( ! ,k+ at no di/ant date4 ,z 8com+ ev5ts ca/ _! %ad[s be=e10 ?is is n at all improbable4 ,s5ator ,cox 0 "o ( a syndicate to build ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway 9 opposition to ! syndicate =m$ at ,montreal4 ,8 "n is n[ prom95tly connect$ ) ! ,gr& ,trunk ,pacific project4 ,8 success 9 life has be5 ph5om5al :5 8 humble beg9n+ is consid]$1 & is a tol]ably fair model = "y ,canadians to imitate 9 ! battle ( life4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sir ,,william ,,van ,,horne4 ,sir ,william ,cornelius ,van ,horne4 ,born ne> ,joliette1 ,ill41 ,febru>y #c1 #ahdc4 ,on quitt+ s*ool he began life z an (fice boy at ! ,railway ,/ation !re1 & lat] became telegraph op]ator on ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral ,railway4 ,he 0 aft]w>ds despat*] !n sup]9t5d5t ( telegraph1 & 9 a %ort "t 0 made divisional sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,*icago & ,alton ,railway1 & 9 #ahgb g5]al sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,/4 ,l\is & ,kansas ,city & ,nor!rn ,railway2 f !re he w5t1 9 #ahgd1 to ! ,s\!rn ,m9nesota ,railway z its g5]al manag]4 ,9 #ahgh he return$ to ! ,*icago & ,alton ,railway z g5]al sup]9t5d5t1 b two ye>s lat] he 0 call$ to ! position ( g5]al sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,*icago1 ,milwaukee & ,/4 ,paul ,railway1 & 9 #ahha he 0 ask$ to take control ( ! ,canadian ,pacific ,railway1 !n 9 process ( con/ruction4 ,"u 8 vigor\s & en]getic direction ! l9e 0 built 9 "o-half ( ! "t requir$ by ! contract betwe5 ! gov]nm5t & ! ,company4 ,he has be5 successively ,vice-,presid5t & ,presid5t ( ! ,company & is n[ ,*airman ( ! ,bo>d ( ,directors4 ,! con/ruction & successful managem5t = ye>s ( ?is great ent]prise has n impair$ 8 wond]ful en]gies4 ,he has built a railway 9 ! ,isl& ( ,cuba "s f\r hundr$ miles 9 l5g? 9 ! usual exp$iti\s mann]4 ,?is "w be+ complet$1 he is n[1 x is said1 turn+ 8 att5tion to ! di/ant ,philipp9es 9 ord] to provide ,railway facilities = ! p ( t c\ntry4 ,he is a director ( _m companies1 includ+ ! ,po/al ,telegraph & ,comm]cial ,cable ,company1 & a memb] ( ,/4 ,james & ,m\nt ,royal ,clubs4 ,sir ,william ,van ,horne is n only a fam\s railway man1 b possesses arti/ic tal5ts ( a high ord]4 ,_h he foll[$ art z a pr(ession he w\ld h tak5 high rank4 ,he is look$ ^u z "o ( ! be/ art connoisseurs 9 ,canada4 ,he 0 creat$ a ,k4 ,c4 ,m4 ,g4 by ! late ,que5 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 public s]vices 9 connection ) ! ,great ,transcont95tal ,railway & ,imp]ial ,highway4 ,sir ,william is a man ( f9e pres5ce1 we>s 8 honors ) ease & dignity1 affable & c\rte\s 9 mann]1 & approa*able to all4 8,hon\r & %ame1 f no condition rise1 ,act well y\r "p1 !re all ! honor lies40 ,illu/ration3 ,,&rew ,,c>negie4 ,&rew ,c>negie4 ,born 9 ! anci5t ,royal ,burgh ,dumf]ml9e1 ,fife%ire1 9 #ahcg4 ,8 fa!r & "m emigrat$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahdh1 settl+ 9 ,alleghany1 ,pa4 ,! s5ior ,c>negie 0 a ma/] weav] & a man ( exceptional intellig5ce1 :o 0 oblig$ to rel9qui% 8 bus9ess ow+ to ! developm5t ( /eam mills ) :i* ! h&icraftsm5 c\ld n hope to compete4 ,at ! age ( f\rte5 "y ,c>negie began "w z a mess5g] 9 ! (fice ( ! ,ohio telegraph company2 9 a %ort "t he became an op]ator4 ,:5 ! ,p5nsylvania ,railway 0 c>ri$ to ,pittsburgh he receiv$ an appo9tm5t z tra9 despat*] & rose to be sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,pittsburgh division ( ! sy/em4 ,at ! outbreak ( ! ,am]ican civil w> ,c>negie 0 made ,sup]9t5d5t ( milit>y roads4 ,aft] ! w> he w5t into num]\s v5tures1 9 all ( :i* he 0 em95tly successful4 ,8 fir/ big manufactur+ v5ture 0 ! organization ( ! ,key/one ,bridge ,company4 ,iron bridges 7 com+ into fa%ion1 & he got ! lead ev]y:]e4 ,he soon acquir$ o!r manufactur+ plants 9 ! iron l9e4 ,by #ahhh he _h control ( ! ,home/ead ,/eel ,works & _m o!r plants :i* 7 capitaliz$ at ab\t "o hundr$ million doll>s4 ,"s t5 or fifte5 ye>s ago ,mr4 ,c>negie began to feel ! oppression ( weal? & its responsibilities & made arrangem5ts by :i* 8 employees became %>]s 9 8 pr(its4 ,aft] gett+ free ( ! great] "p ( ! p]sonal c>e ( ! prop]ties 9 :i* he 0 ! *ief own]1 ,mr4 ,c>negie has devot$ himself l>gely to philan?ropic objects1 8 gifts be+ *iefly 9 ! l9e ( build+ public libr>ies4 ,he takes a w>m int]e/ 9 ev]y?+ relat+ to telegraphy & telegraph m51 & is r pleas$ to be rememb]$ z an old-"t telegraphi/4 ,8 *ief place ( resid5ce is ,skibo ,ca/le1 ,scotl&1 b he pays frequ5t visits to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 8,r+ 9 ! valiant man & free ,! l>g] he>t1 ! k9dli] h&4 ,r+ out ! d>kness ( ! l&1 ,r+ 9 ! ,*ri/ t is to be40 ,illu/ration3 ,,sir ,,s&=d ,,flem+4 ,sir ,s&=d ,flem+1 ,c4,e41 ,,ll4,d4 ,0 born at ,kircaldy1 ,fife%ire1 ,scotl&1 on ! #g? day ( ,janu>y1 #ahbg4 ,he left s*ool at ! age ( #ad1 & 0 imm$iately articl$ z a /ud5t ( survey+ & eng9e]+4 ,at ! age ( #ah he came to ,canada4 ,9 #aheb he 0 appo9t$ "o ( ! eng9e]+ /aff ( ! ,nor!rn ,railway !n kn[n z ! ,ont>io & ,lake ,huron road4 ,9 #ahfc he w5t to ,engl& z a repres5tative ( ! ,r$ ,riv] settlem5t to invoke ! aid ( ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t t[>d ! con/ruction ( a railway to connect ) ! ,canadian railways1 b ! s*eme 0 n c>ri$ out4 ,:5 ! ,int]colonial ,railway 0 project$ he 0 made ,*ief ( ,surveys & ,con/ruction4 ,:5 ne>+ its completion he 0 call$ ^u by ! ,gov]nm5t to und]take ! survey ( ! propos$ r\te to ! ,pacific4 ,aft] exhau/ive surveys _h be5 made & ! con/ruction ( ! ,canadian ,pacific _h be5 well advanc$ & "s six or eight hundr$ miles ( ! heavie/ sections built1 political exig5cies arose1 & 9 #ahhj he resign$4 ,9 t ye> he 0 elect$ ,*ancellor ( ,que5's ,univ]sity1 & 9 #ahhb1 :ile on a visit to ,scotl&1 0 pres5t$ ) ! fre$om ( ,kircaldy ,burghs1 & 9 #ahhd receiv$ ! honor>y degree ( ,,ll4,d41 f ,/4 ,&rew's ,univ]sity4 ,9 #ahha he w5t z a delegate f ! ,canadian ,in/itute & ! ,am]ican ,meteorological ,society to ! ,int]national ,geographical ,congress at ,v5ice1 & 9 #ahhd he 0 appo9t$ a delegate ( ,great ,brita9 to repres5t ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada at ! ,int]national ,prime ,m]idian ,conf]5ce at ,wa%+ton1 :]e he _h ! pleasure ( f9d+ 8 views :i* he _h be5 press+ on ! public = ye>s ) reg>d to ,cosmic "t & a prime m]idian = all nations1 accept$ by ! repres5tatives ( ! civiliz$ _w4 ,z e>ly z #ahgi ,sir ,s&=d submitt$ to ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t a s*eme = spann+ ! ,pacific ,ocean by electric cables :i* w\ld1 9 connection ) exi/+ l& & cable wires1 complete ! electric girdle ( ! globe1 & br+ ,great ,brita91 ,canada1 ,au/ralia & ,new ,zeal& 9 unbrok5 electric t\* ) ea* o!r )\t pass+ ov] =eign t]ritory4 ,! proposition 0 giv5 due consid]ation & ! subject 0 laid be=e successive p>liam5ts1 b1 :ile mu* int]e/ _h be5 awak5$1 no?+ practical 0 accompli%$1 ow+ to ! _m ob/acles 9 ! way1 & ! matt] 01 = a "t1 held 9 abeyance4 ,mean:ile its en]getic projector did n despair4 ,ye> aft] ye> he took e favorable opportunity to br+ x be=e ! public m5 ( ,great ,brita9 & ! ,colonies1 travell+ ?\s&s ( miles to att5d ,conf]5ces at ,london1 ,brisbane1 ,ottawa & else:]e1 :]ev] ! subject 0 "u review4 ,at l5g? ! reasons & argum5ts adduc$ on all ^! occasions 9 support ( ?is s*eme 7 f\nd to be conv9c+1 & its feasibility s app>5t t x 0 f9ally accept$ & practically appli$4 ,on ! #ca/ day ( ,decemb]1 #aijj1 ! ,imp]ial & five ,colonial gov]nm5ts jo9$ 9 an int]/ate p>tn]%ip to c>ry out ! "w s long & ably advocat$ by its orig9ator & promot]4 ,exactly tw5ty-two mon?s aft] ! agreem5t1 #h1bgb miles ( cable _h be5 manufactur$ & safely emb$d$ 9 ! va/ dep?s ( ! ,pacific1 ne>ly a ?ird ( ! e>?'s circumf]5ce1 on ! #ca/ day ( ,octob]1 #aijb1 electric communication 0 successfully e/abli%$ betwe5 ,canada1 ,new ,zeal&1 ,fiji & ,au/ralia1 & has be5 un9t]rupt$ly ma9ta9$ ev] s9ce4 ,! success ( ?is great telegraph ent]prise1 ! mo/ /up5d\s ev] tak51 0 a fitt+ prelude to ! dawn ( ! new c5tury & a spl5did triumph to ! g5ius & =esight ( ,sir ,s&=d ,flem+4 ,dur+ ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury he _h giv5 8 "t & tal5ts1 z well z 8 private means1 to accompli% ! end he _h 9 view1 & x mu/ h be5 peculi>ly gratify+ to him t 8 labors all ^! ye>s _h n be5 9 va94 ,8 patriotic & self-sacrific+ ef=ts %\ld receive "s suitable public ackn[l$gm5t 9 "s sub/antial =m4 ,9 #ahgg he 0 made a ,companion ( ,/4 ,mi*ael & ,/4 ,george1 & 9 #ahig he 0 promot$ to be a comm&] ( ! same di/+ui%$ ord] on ! occasion ( ! sixtie? ye> ( ,h] ,maje/y's reign4 8,peace ha? h] victories1 ,no less r5[n$ ?an w>40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr$4 ,n4 ,,gisborne4 ,fr$]ick ,n4 ,gisborne ,0 born at ,br\ghton1 ,lanca%ire1 ,engl&1 ,m>* #h1 #ahbd1 & came to ,canada 9 #ahde4 ,:5 ! ,montreal ,company 0 organiz$ he 0 employ$ z "o ( its fir/ op]ators1 op5+ ! fir/ (fice ( ! ,company at ,quebec4 ,he 0 aft]w>ds engag$ 9 v>i\s telegraph ent]prises 9 ! ,m>itime ,prov9ces4 ,9 #ahea he laid ! cable connect+ ,new ,brunswick & ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl&1 ! fir/ subm>9e cable 9 ,am]ica4 ,9 #ahef he laid ! cable connect+ ,cape ,breton & ,newf\ndl& 7#he miles 9 l5g?71 ?is be+ an important l9k 9 ! ,atlantic cable sy/em4 ,previ\s to ?is he _h secur$ a *>t] f ! ,newf\ndl& ,gov]nm5t to con/ruct a telegraph l9e across ! ,isl&1 :i*1 ) ! project$ cable cross+ ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce connect+ ) ! l& telegraphs1 w\ld provide ! quicke/ news on ! arrival ( /eam]s f ,europe4 ,9 ?is project he 0 associat$ ) sev]al ,am]ican capitali/s1 b f9ancial difficulties arose1 & 9 ! w9t] ( #ahec-d ,mr4 ,gisborne visit$ ,new ,york to secure fur!r capital1 & !re met ,mr4 ,cyrus ,w4 ,field1 ) ! result t ,mr4 ,field return$ ) him to ,newf\ndl&4 ,! ,legislature1 at ,mr4 ,gisborne's reque/1 cancell$ ! orig9al ?irty ye>s' *>t] grant$ to himself & associates1 = a new *>t] = a t]m ( fifty ye>s to ! ,new ,york1 ,newf\ndl& & ,london ,company4 ,! object ( ?is ,company 0 to complete ! l& l9es begun by ,gisborne1 lay ! cable 9 ! ,gulf ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce & to lay a cable across ! ,atlantic4 ,! latt] attempt1 h[ev]1 prov$ a failure1 & ! fran*ise ( ?is ,company 0 subsequ5tly acquir$ by ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,telegraph & ,cable ,company4 ,mean:ile ,mr4 ,gisborne dropp$ out ( ! ent]prise1 probably los+ all ! int]e/ 9 x he possess$4 ,"s ye>s lat] he 0 appo9t$ ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t ,telegraph & ,signal ,s]vice1 :i* he fill$ until 8 dea?1 :i* occurr$ on ,aug4 #cj1 #ahib4 ,illu/ration3 ,,?os4 ,a4 ,,edison4 ,?omas ,a4 ,edison4 ,born 9 ,milan1 ,erie c\nty1 ,ohio1 ,febru>y #aa1 #ahdg1 he att5d$ s*ool = a few mon?s only1 be+ educat$ at home by 8 "m1 a woman ( sup]ior ability & atta9m5ts4 ,! boy 0 an apt s*ol>1 %[+ pref]5ce = hi/orical & sci5tific subjects4 ,9 #ahed 8 fa!r remov$ to ,port ,huron1 ,mi*41 :]e1 at ! age ( twelve1 he 0 engag$ z a newsboy on ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway4 ,:ile ?us employ$ he took e occasion to wat* ! op]ations ( ! telegraph at ! v>i\s /ations on ! l9e4 ,he erect$ a wire betwe5 8 fa!r's h\se & t ( a neighb\r1 himself mak+ ! in/rum5ts to save ! co/ ( batt]y mat]ial2 he exp]im5t$ ) a tom-cat1 us+ ! =e & h9d feet z electrodes4 ,! connections hav+ be5 duly made he tri$ to />t an induc$ curr5t by rubb+ ! back ( ! fel9e4 ,?is amus+ exp]im5t 0 n a success1 h[ev]1 & 0 ab&on$2 lat] on he 0 rew>d$ = brav]y 9 rescu+ ! *ild ( ! /ation ma/] f ! front ( a mov+ tra9 by receiv+ lessons 9 telegraphy1 :i* he soon ma/]$1 & 0 employ$ z telegraph op]ator on ! ,gr& ,trunk ,railway = a "t1 leav+ !reaft] = ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e he work$ 9 v>i\s cities1 mean:ile devot+ himself to ! /udy ( electrical sci5ce !n little und]/ood 9 ,am]ica4 ,:ile work+ z op]ator 9 ,new ,orleans1 ,la41 he inv5t$ ! automatic repeat]4 ,9 #ahfd he conceiv$ ! idea1 :i* he aft]w>ds p]fect$1 ( duplex telegraphy1 b x 0 n put into practical op]ation until #ahgb4 ,8 next important inv5tions 7 ! quadruplex & ! pr9t+ telegraph = /ock quotations4 ,9 "t 8 inv5tions 7 num]\s & v>i$4 ,on ! li/s ( inv5tions at ! pat5t (fice1 ,wa%+ton1 9 #ahie1 no less ?an #fjj 7 cr$it$ to 8 "n4 ,! mo/ notable among/ ^! are ! quadruplex1 ! phonograph & ! inc&esc5t light4 ,al?\gh ,edison _h acquir$ consid]able weal?1 yet 9 #ahif he publicly decl>$ t he w\ld h be5 at lea/ #fjj1jjj bett] (f if he _h nev] tak5 out a pat5t or def5d$ "o1 & t all ! money he ev] made 0 made by manufactur+ 8 inv5tions or 9 _! practical use4 ,9 #ahif he e/abli%$ ! village ( ,edison1 ,n4 ,j41 9 ! v c5tre ( an iron ore deposit1 a plant = ! magnetic sep>ation ( iron f ! rock 9 :i* x is emb$d$ 9 ! m9e1 ! process be+ purely automatic4 ,he fir/ inv5t$ a cru%] capable ( r$uc+ t5 tons ( rock to du/ e m9ute2 he !n inv5t$ app>atus :]eby ! iron ore 0 sep>at$ f ! du/ by means ( a magnet1 ! extract$ ore be+ made into briquettes & easily h&l$ = transport to ! bla/ furnace4 ,mr4 ,edison is "o ( ! simple/ & uno/5tati\s ( m51 c>eless 9 8 co/ume1 ab/emi\s & simple 9 8 habits1 unselfi% & g5]\s 9 dispositions4 ,he m>ri$ 9 #ahgd1 & has f\r sons & "o daught]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,isaac ,d4 ,,purkis4 ,isaac ,d4 ,purkis1 ,esq4 ,0 born 9 ,laprairie1 ,que41 9 #ahbg4 ,he 0 son ( ! ,rev4 ,isaac ,purkis1 :o came f ,engl& 9 #ahba1 & 0 a l9eal desc5dant ( ! ,purkis :o c>ri$ ! body ( ,k+ ,william ,rufus f ! ,new ,=e/ to ,w9*e/] 9 ,hamp%ire1 :5 %ot by ,sir ,walt] ,tyrell1 :ile hunt+ 9 ! ,new ,=e/4 ,mr4 ,purkis le>n$ telegraphy "u ,mr4 ,o4 ,s4 ,wood & 0 locat$ at ,prescott1 ,ont41 f #ahdi to #ahea1 9 ! employ ( ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company4 ,9 #ahea1 on ! v flatt]+ recomm5dation ( ,mr4 ,wood1 he ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ican ,telegraph ,association & 0 appo9t$ ,sup]9t5d5t 7equival5t to ,g5]al ,manag] at ! pres5t date74 ,?is company _h a l9e f ,quebec city ea/1 to ,rivire du ,l\p1 !nce s\!rly to ,/4 ,john1 ,n4,b41 etc4 ,9 #ahec1 on ! recomm5dation ( ,mr4 ,purkis1 ! l9e 0 ext5d$ to ,montreal1 along ! nor? %ore ( ! riv]1 & ?us ent]$ into competition ) ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company1 ^: l9e 0 f ,po9t ,levi1 along ! s\? %ore to ,montreal & !nce we/w>d4 ,connection 0 fir/ made betwe5 ,quebec & ,po9t ,levi by a long span ( wire on ma/s1 9 ! spr+ :5 ! ice 0 break+ up4 ,none ( ! l9em5 w\ld attempt to cross on ! float+1 brok5 ice4 ,mr4 ,purkis !n got a ladd]1 & plac+ himself 9 ! c5tre ) ! coil ( wire ov] 8 %\ld] succe$$ 9 mak+ ! passage1 at ! same "t pay+ out ! wire ov] ! edges ( ! ice4 ,8 ex]tions 7 s great t he 0 completely exhau/$ :5 he f9ally got across4 ,?is company e/abli%$ at ,rivire du ,l\p1 ,que41 a signal (fice "u ! ,lloyd code1 :]eby all vessels pass+ 7 signall$ & in=mation at once telegraph$ to ! own] or ag5t & to ! press4 ,9 addition to ?is a boat mann$ ) capable o>sm51 swivel gun on b[ to signal ! approa*+ /eam]1 m p>ticul>ly at night1 0 us$ to int]cept & receive f ! inw>d /eam] ! despat*es & late/ newspap]s f ,europe4 ,! me?od 0 to ?r[ a t9 cyl9d] 9 :i* 7 enclos$ ! despat*es & newspap]s ) a small flag atta*$ to ! end2 ?is 0 atta*$ to a lany>d1 & :5 secur$ by ! ,telegraph boat1 ! /eam] 0 giv5 a signal & %e proce$$ on h] way1 ! despat*es be+ promptly br\ght a%ore & deliv]$ to ! telegraph & signal (fic] 9 *>ge4 ,9 ,decemb] #bi1 #ahed1 ! ,briti% ,nor? ,am]ican ,telegraph ,association & ! ,canada ,gr& ,trunk ,telegraph ,company 7^: l9es ext5d$ f ,montreal we/w>d7 ent]$ into an agreem5t = ! mutual int]*ange ( bus9ess1 & ,mr4 ,purkis 0 appo9t$ ,sup]9t5d5t ( bo? companies4 ,?is position he held until bo? companies 7 amalgamat$ ) ! ,montreal ,telegraph ,company 9 ! latt] "p ( #ahef4 ,:5 he left ! telegraph bus9ess 9 ,augu/ ( t ye> 8 subord9ates pres5t$ him ) a signet r+1 :i* he wore to ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,he engag$ 9 ! =w>d+ & f]ry bus9ess at ,prescott until #ahgj1 :5 he 0 appo9t$ ,g5]al ,manag] ( ! ,dom9ion ,telegraph ,company1 ) headqu>t]s at ,toronto4 ,he resign$ f ?is position 9 #ahgd & aga9 return$ to ,prescott tak+ up 8 =m] bus9ess4 ,besides himself he _h ?ree bro!rs engag$ 9 ! telegraph s]vice1 ,george1 ,ar?ur & ,william1 all ( :om pr$eceas$ him _m ye>s s9ce4 ,mr4 ,purkis 0 a citiz5 ( ! highe/ type1 always eag] = ! welf>e ( ! t[n & its inhabitants4 ,p]sonally1 he 0 ( a mo/ g5ial & k9dly disposition1 a true & s9c]e fri5d to all :o %>$ 8 confid5ce4 ,he pass$ away rec5tly at 8 home at ,prescott aft] a brief illness1 9 8 #gh? ye>4 ,subm>9e ,telegraphy4 ,:5 ! electric telegraph _h be5 successfully e/abli%$ 9 ,great ,brita91 ! public soon became alive to ! necessity ( ext5d+ its op]ations beyond ! conf9es ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,z e>ly z #ahdj ,pr(essor ,*>les ,:eat/one1 ( ,engl&1 sugge/$ ! practicability ( connect+ ,dov] & ,calais1 9 ,france1 by an electric wire1 b x 0 t5 ye>s lat] be=e a subm>9e l9e 0 laid4 ,?is fir/ attempt prov$ a failure1 ow+ to ! wires be+ imp]fectly insulat$4 ,9 #ahea a second cable1 conta9+ f\r copp] wires insulat$ ) gutta p]*a & surr\nd$ by t>r$ hemp & protect$ by t5 galvaniz$ iron wires w\nd r\nd spirally1 0 laid connect+ ,engl& & ,france4 ,?is prov$ successful4 ,all subm>9e cables !reaft] 7 made on ?is patt]n4 ,x 0 n[ evid5t t ! sea (f]$ no b>ri] to int]national telegraphic communication4 ,9 ! same ye> 7#ahea7 a subm>9e cable t5 miles 9 l5g? 0 laid connect+ ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl& & ,new ,brunswick4 ,9 #aheb six subm>9e l9es 7 laid connect+ ,engl& ) ,irel&1 ,scotl& & ! cont95t1 ! longe/ ( :i* 0 "o ab\t "o hundr$ nautical miles1 & 9 #ahed five additional cables 7 laid 9 ,european wat]s4 ,9 #ahef ,newf\ndl& & ,cape ,breton 0 connect$ by subm>9e wire1 ! di/ances be+ "s eighty-five miles4 ,! successful lay+ ( ?is cable l$ to ! m gigantic und]tak+1 viz41 to connect+ ! old & ! new worlds electrically4 ,!re are ?ree names prom95tly connect$ ) ! orig9ation ( ! idea1 ,bi%op ,mulock1 ( ,newf\ndl&1 ,fr$]ick ,gisborne & ,cyrus ,w4 ,field4 ,! foll[+ int]e/+ rem>ks ( ,mr4 ,mackay1 ( ,newf\ndl&1 is wor? produc+4 ,9 a spee* he made at a banquet giv5 by ! old-"t ,telegraph]s' ,association1 held at ! ,w9dsor ,hotel 9 ! summ] ( #aija1 he said2 8,if y please1 ,i %all n[ ref] to a matt] t ,i ?9k may be f> m int]e/+ to y all ?an any?+ ,i h said ?us f>4 ,i mean to ref] to ! matt] ( ! ,atlantic telegraph1 z x is a subject t mu/ always occupy a l>ge %>e ( ! att5tion ( ! telegraph _w1 because at ! pres5t "t telegraph+ by cable is "o ( ! mo/ important factors 9 ! :ole s]vice t makes ! telegraphy ( ! _w z valuable z x is4 ,! subject t ,i want$ to m5tion to y is ! "q z to :o 0 ! p]son t initiat$ or gave bir? to ! idea ( an ,atlantic telegraph1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 gave bir? to all deep-sea & long-di/ance telegraphy4 8,z a matt] ( fact1 9 ,newf\ndl&1 :]e ?is subject has be5 giv5 consid]able att5tion1 x is /at$ t ! ,"r ,rev4 ,dr4 ,mulock1 ,roman ,ca?olic ,bi%op ( ,newf\ndl&1 0 "o ( ! p>ties4 ,o!rs cont5d t ! late ,f4 ,n4 ,gisborne is ! p]son1 o!rs t ,cyrus ,w4 ,field is ! p]son4 8,i w\ld l to ref] to ^? g5tlem51 beg9n+ fir/ ) ,dr4 ,mulock4 8,i tru/ y w p>don me = say+ t ,i consid] my op9ion on ! matt] is wor? some?+1 inasmu* z ,i ?9k ,i am ! only man ( ^? t 7 connect$ ) ! ,atlantic telegraph at ! "t ( its inception1 9 an executive capacity1 all ! o!rs hav+ gone be=e1 z f> z ,i "k4 8,n[ ) reg>d to ,dr4 ,mulock1 ,i ?9k !re is n ! lea/ d\bt he got 8 in=mation f ,mr4 ,gisborne 9 reg>d to ! ,atlantic telegraph1 & t 8 only connection ) x 0 ! expression ( 8 belief 9 ! possibility ( its e/abli%m5t1 j z a man might say1 = in/ance1 we w 9 ! next g5]ation fly 9 ! air2 b he contribut$ no?+ t[>ds ! direct accompli%m5t ( ! object4 ,!re is n ! lea/ d\bt 9 my m9d1 !re=e1 t x lies betwe5 ,mr4 ,f4 ,n4 ,gisborne & ,cyrus ,w4 ,field4 8,mr4 ,gisborne's fri5ds cont5d n[ t he 0 unju/ly treat$ by ,field1 & t he really _h advis$ ,mr4 ,field ( ! possibility ( accompli%+ ?is great "w4 ,mr4 ,gisborne did n make ?is cont5tion 9 8 lifetime4 8,i _h ! privilege ( see+ him "s ye>s be=e he di$1 long subsequ5t to ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,atlantic telegraph1 & he said t on 8 meet+ ,cyrus ,w4 ,field1 9 ! mon? ( ,janu>y1 #ahed1 :il/ =e%ad[+ ! possibility & ! desirability ( e/abli%+ ,atlantic communication betwe5 ,newf\ndl& & ! ,cont95t ( ,am]ica1 he did n ref] to ! possibility ( a cable to ,engl&1 b only reli$ on ! success ( t ent]prise by contribut+ to its c(f]s messages obta9$ f /eam]s arriv+ 9 ,newf\ndl& & transmitt$ f !nce by c>ri] pigeons1 & ultimately by telegraphic cable4 8,mr4 ,gisborne made t /atem5t1 & he admitt$ t he did n1 9 8 fir/ int]view ) ,cyrus ,w4 ,field1 =e%ad[ ! possibility ( ! ,atlantic telegraph4 8,n[ ,mr4 ,field on be+ que/ion$ 9 reg>d to t int]view :i* took place 9 ,mr4 ,field's h\se 9 ,janu>y1 #ahed1 said exactly ! same ?+4 8,he only cont5d$ = ! pigeons 9 ! fir/ place & ! possibility ( a cable to ,cape ,breton 9 ! second place1 & ! clev] f>-see+ comm]cial man1 z he 0 consid]$1 said t !re 0 no possibility ( su* a s*eme ev] pay+1 &1 !re=e1 he w\ld n h any?+ to d ) x2 b on see+ ,gisborne1 he turn$ ov] ! ,globe1 &1 9 turn+ x ov]1 see+ t ,cape ,breton 0 only an in* or two on ! ,globe f ,newf\ndl&1 & t ,irel& 0 only six in*es1 ) 8 %rewdness & clev]ness he said at once1 #8,if a cable c be laid to ,cape ,breton1 :y c't x be laid to ,irel&8' & ! next morn+ he wrote a lett] to ,pr(essor ,morse & ask$ him if a cable c\ld be laid to ,irel& & :e!r x c\ld be work$4 ,he also wrote a lett] to ,lieut5ant ,maury1 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy1 & ask$ him :e!r x w\ld be possible to lay a cable to ,irel&4 ,satisfactory answ]s be+ obta9$ to ^! two que/ions1 he at once emb>k$ 9 ! ent]prise & ?rew 8 :ole influ5ce 7ri* man t he 0 at t "t7 into ! "w ( lay+ ! ,atlantic cable4 ,y w see1 !re=e1 t ,mr4 ,gisborne did n communicate ! idea ( ! ,atlantic cable1 b he communicat$ ! idea ( a cable t 0 q en\gh = a man ( ,cyrus ,w4 ,field's =esight & +5uity to sugge/ ! possibility ( an ,atlantic cable1 s t !re is really no diff]5ce z to cr$it due ^! two g5tlem5 = ! initiation ( ! project1 & ,i c assure y x is mo/ satisfactory to me because ,i h always be5 a w>m fri5d ( bo? g5tlem5 7applause74 ,i ?9k ,i am ! only liv+ witness to ^! facts ,i h relat$1 & ,i am glad to h ?is opportunity to /ate x publicly4 ,i "k x is a matt] ( int]e/ to all telegraph m54 ,n[ ! "q comes to my m9d1 ,:o !n 0 ! au?or ( ! fir/ idea ( ! ,atlantic cable4 8,9 ?is connection ,i w g back to ! ye> #ahej4 ,9 #ahed ! ,new ,york1 ,newf\ndl& & ,london ,telegraph ,company obta9$ a *>t] :i* gave !m exclusive rights to l& a cable 9 ,newf\ndl& = fifty ye>s4 ,?is *>t] t]m9ates 9 #aijd1 & ,i hope to live to see t *>t] expire4 ,i am confid5t x w nev] be r5ew$1 because ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t w\ld nev] cons5t1 n[ t deep-sea telegraphy is an assur$ fact1 to exclusive rights1 ( t nature be+ conf]r$ on anybody or corporation4 7,applause47 8,we w n[ g back to1 ,:o 0 ! fir/ man t />t$ ! idea ( ! ,atlantic cable8 & ,i f9d no difficulty 9 nam+ ! man1 z f> z my op9ion goes4 8,9 #ahej1 :il/ /udy+ telegraphy ) ,mr4 ,gisborne 9 ,halifax1 he 0 v communicative 9 all 8 me?ods & actions1 & he %[$ me lett]s at t "t f ,mr4 ,brett4 ,!re 7 two ,bretts4 ,i ?9k ! fir/ 0 ,john & ! second ,jacob1 b x 0 ! eld] ,brett :o 0 9 communication ) him !n by lett]1 & he _h giv5 bir? to ! idea ( a cable4 ,he n only gave bir? to x 9 #ahej1 b 9 #aheb he laid ! cable f ,dov] 9 ,engl& to ,france1 & t cable 0 work+ until )9 a few ye>s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,he1 !re=e1 n only gave bir? to ! idea1 b he gave actual pres5ce to ! cable1 & ,i ?9k x is n unlikely1 & ,i f9d x easy = me to say1 t !re nev] 0 an inv5tor :o 0 wont to appreciate 8 own inv5tion4 ,i ?9k x is n unlikely t ,brett1 :5 he _h ! idea ( a cable at all1 al?\gh only tw5ty-"o miles 9 l5g?1 t he _h )9 8 vision ?\s&s ( miles1 cov]+ all bays1 all wat]s & all seas 7applause72 t is my idea t ,john ,brett 0 ! orig9ator & inv5tor ( ! subm>9e cable40 ,mr4 ,mackay1 ^: te/imony we h giv51 0 ! sup]9t5d5t ( telegraphs = ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,telegraph & ,cable ,company = ! ,isl& ( ,newf\ndl& & held ?is position = _m ye>s4 ,! circum/ances :i* br\ght ,gisborne & ,field toge!r 0 z foll[s3 ,! =m] _h plann$ a l9e ( telegraph f ,/4 ,john's1 ,nfld41 ?r\gh f\r hundr$ miles ( d5se wild]ness & =e/ to ,cape ,ray1 !re to connect by /eam]s or by c>ri] pigeons or by cable4 ,to enable him to c>ry out ?is project ! ,legislature ( ,newf\ndl& grant$ #ejj = a survey ( ! r\te4 ,an ,act 0 also pass$ incorporat+ ! ,newf\ndl& ,telegraph ,company ) an exclusive "r ( way = ?irty ye>s1 includ+ among/ o!r privileges valuable concessions ( public l&s4 ,hav+ ?us laid ! gr\ndwork ( 8 s*eme ,gisborne imm$iately left = ,new ,york to raise capital2 9 ?is he 0 successful4 ,horace ,b4 ,tebbets & ,d4 ,h4 ,holbrook 7 among ! m prom95t to jo9 him1 & a company 0 organiz$ "u ! *>t] :i* _h be5 grant$4 ,soon aft] ! =mation ( ! ,company ,mr4 ,gisborne left = ,engl&1 to pur*ase a subm>9e cable to connect ,cape ,ray & ,cape ,breton4 ,9 #aheb ?irty miles ( ! l& l9e _h be5 complet$1 & ,mr4 ,gisborne _h skilfully & successfully laid ! fir/ subm>9e cable ( any consid]able l5g? 9 ,am]ica betwe5 ,cape ,ray & ,cape ,breton & ,cape ,torm5t9e & ,cape ,trav]se 9 ,nor?umb]l& ,/raits4 ,9 #ahec1 h[ev]1 ! cable gave out1 ab\t ! same "t ! ,new ,york /ockhold]s )held _! support2 ?is caus$ ! "w to be susp5d$ & ! ,company became bankrupt4 ,mr4 ,gisborne1 f9d+ himself unable to proce$1 gave up all he possess$ to pay ! accru$ debts1 & = a "t ab&on$ ! ent]prise4 ,"u su* circum/ances & ) r5ew$ c\rage ,mr4 ,gisborne 9 #ahed return$ to ,new ,york1 to try1 if possible1 to resuscitate int]e/ 9 8 "w4 ,among o!rs to :om he n[ f\nd access 0 ,mr4 ,mat!w ,d4 ,field1 a ,new ,york ,eng9e]1 to :om he communicat$ 8 position & plans4 ,mr4 ,field1 h[ev]1 decl9$ to int]e/ himself1 b politely (f]$ to introduce him to 8 bro!r1 ,cyrus ,w4 ,field1 at t "t retir$ f active bus9ess4 ,?is l$ to sev]al int]views1 :i* _h ! effect ( excit+ a g5]al int]e/ 9 telegraph affairs 9 ,mr4 ,field's m9d4 ,/&+ "o ev5+ ov] a l>ge globe aft] "o ( ^! int]views ) ,mr4 ,gisborne1 & trac+ ! l9es ov]l& to ,/4 ,john's1 ,nfld41 an idea dawn$ on 8 m9d :i* gradually /r5g!n$ its hold ^u 8 imag9ation & soon absorb$ 8 :ole he>t & life4 ,:ile foll[+ ) 8 f+] ! track ( ! inl& l9es to ! ocean1 x 0 natural to trav]se also ! c\rse ( ! /eam%ips across ! ,nor!rn ,atlantic4 ,x 0 b a /ep fur!r to plant 8 f+] on ,london & to feel t to rea* ! c5tre ( ,engli% comm]cial life by telegraph1 7 ?is practicable1 w\ld be an a*ievem5t wor? /riv+ =4 ,mr4 ,field1 ?us ar\s$ to a compreh5sion ( a possible opportunity to emb>k 9 a gr& ent]prise wor?y ( ! age1 began to make enquiry respect+ ! project ( lay+ a cable on ! b$ ( ! ,atlantic4 ,he f\nd t a rec5t survey ( ! ,nor!rn ,atlantic1 "u ! direction ( ,lieut5ant ,maury1 _h be5 made1 & a plateau ext5d+ f ,newf\ndl& to ,irel& _h be5 discov]$1 =m+ a safe & easy pa?way = a subm>9e wire4 ,pr(essor ,morse also assur$ ,mr4 ,field t ! project 0 entirely feasible1 & w>mly enc\rag$ him 9 x1 & ass]t$ ! c]ta9ty ( its ultimate accompli%m5t4 ,be+ n[ ?or\ghly conv9c$ ,mr4 ,field communicat$ ) "s ( 8 intimate fri5ds1 among/ :om 7 ,pet] ,coop]1 ,moses ,taylor1 ,m>%all ,o4 ,rob]ts & ,*&l] ,:ite1 names famili> 9 ! hi/ory ( ,am]ican ent]prise4 ,! s*eme met ) e>ne/ att5tion & ready response4 ,mutual consultations result$ soon aft] 9 ! organization ( a company ) a capital ( "o million & a half doll>s to c>ry out ! project & ! imm$iate pur*ase ( ! ,gisborne *>t]1 x result$ also 9 ! g5]\s enl>gem5t ( ! fran*ises grant$ by ! colony ( ,newf\ndl&1 ! exclusive "r to l& ocean cables dur+ fifty ye>s1 #ej1jjj to aid ! "w & fifty squ>e miles ( l& :5 ! cable 0 successfully laid 0 grant$4 ,! ,gov]nm5t ( ,pr9ce ,edw>d ,isl& also made lib]al grants ( money & l&4 ,) ^! important arrangem5ts complet$ on ,may #f1 #ahed1 a company 0 =mally organiz$ "u ! corporate "n ( ! ,new ,york1 ,newf\ndl& & ,london ,electric ,telegraph ,company4 ,pet] ,coop] 0 elect$ ,presid5t4 ,*&l] ,:ite1 ,vice-,presid5t4 ,moses ,taylor1 ,treasur]4 ,pr(essor ,morse1 ,electrician4 ,mat!w ,d4 ,field1 ,eng9e]4 ,! latt] imm$iately proce$$ to ,newf\ndl& to beg9 op]ations1 fir/ honorably pay+ ! debts due to workm5 "u ,mr4 ,gisborne4 ,mr4 ,field1 ) six hundr$ m51 pu%$ ! "w ( con/ruction ?r\gh ! va/ =e/s ( ,newf\ndl& until ! wires 7 erect$ betwe5 ,/4 ,john's & ,cape ,ray4 ,mean:ile1 ,cyrus ,w4 ,field made 8 fir/ voyage to ,engl& to contract = a new cable to connect ,newf\ndl& ) ,nova ,scotia1 & to cont9ue 8 enquiries into ! sci5tific ob/acles to ! lay+ & op]at+ a cable betwe5 ! %ores ( ! ,old ,_w & ! ,new4 ,9 ,engl& ,mr4 ,field met ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,brett1 ! orig9ator & inv5tor ( subm>9e cables1 :o gave e enc\ragem5t to ,mr4 ,field 9 ! ,atlantic cable project1 & to %[ 8 fai? 9 its success ,mr4 ,brett pur*as$ a consid]able numb] ( %>es 9 ! conc]n4 ,9 #ahee ! cable = ,cape ,ray 0 %ipp$ f ,engl&4 ,x weigh$ #djj tons1 & 0 manufactur$ by ,w4 ,kup]t ,co41 ,london4 ,! /eam]1 8,james ,adg]10 0 *>t]$ by ,mr4 ,field1 to convey a l>ge p>ty to ,newf\ndl& to witness ! subm]g5ce4 ,among ^! 7 ,pet] ,coop]1 ,rob]t ,w4 ,l[b]1 ,pr(essor ,morse1 ,rev4 ,h4 ,m4 ,field1 ,rev4 ,g>d9] ,spr+1 ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,%]wood1 ,dr4 ,james ,a4 ,sayre1 ,bay>d ,taylor1 ,fitzjames ,o',bri5 & ,john ,mull>ky4 ,! cable _h arriv$ 9 an ,engli% brig1 :i* _h to be t[$ by ! /eam] f %ore to %ore4 ,ev]y?+ seem$ favorable4 ,a haws] 0 ?r[n f ! /eam] to ! brig & ! cable began to f9d its way to its appo9t$ b$4 ,un=tunately1 :ile yet 9 mid-*annel1 a furi\s gale set 9 :5 ! ov]load$ brig became unmanageable1 &1 fe>+ de/ruction1 ! cable 0 cut & ! "w = ! "t ab&on$4 ,9 #ahef a /eam] amply provid$ = ! purpose 0 *>t]$1 by :i* aft] lad+ ! cable x 0 easily & successfully subm]g$ )\t a hit*4 ,! l9e 0 n[ f9i%$4 ,al?\gh x _h to wait dur+ _m ye>s = ! completion ( ! great "w = :i* x 0 a l9k1 x ultimately %[$ ! wisdom ( its con/ruction & became ( mu* value to its projectors2 x _h co/ s f> #a1jjj1jjj4 ,on ! =mation ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company1 ! *>t] ( ! ,new ,york1 ,newf\ndl& & ,london ,telegraph ,company1 conf]r+ ! exclusive "r = fifty ye>s to l& cables on ! ,isl& ( ,newf\ndl&1 0 made ov] to ! new ,company4 ,9 #ahee ,*&l] ,:ite di$2 on 8 dea?1 ,wilson ,g4 ,hunt1 a "n well-kn[n among m]*ant pr9ces ( ,new ,york1 took 8 place z director1 & gave ! company dur+ its exi/5ce ! b5efit ( 8 able c\nsel & active & intellig5t support4 ,mr4 ,cyrus ,w4 ,field 0 at ! same "t elect$ vice-presid5t & ,robt4 ,w4 ,l[d]1 secret>y4 ,9 #aheg ! fir/ attempt 0 made to lay a cable across ! ,atlantic1 ! l5g? ( :i* 0 #b1ejj miles4 ,aft] pay+ out #bee miles ! cable broke1 & ! "w 0 giv5 up = t ye>4 ,9 #aheh ano!r attempt 0 made1 ! ,briti% naval %ip 8,agamemnon0 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates frigate 8,niag>a10 ea* c>ry+ "o-half ( ! cable1 proce$$ to mid-ocean1 splic$ ! ends1 & go+ 9 opposite directions rea*$ ,newf\ndl& & ,irel& ! same day1 ,augu/ #e1 aft] ea* hav+ successfully accompli%$ ! subm]g5ce4 ,!re 0 great rejoic+ on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic ov] ! ev5t1 b disappo9tm5t soon foll[$4 ,on ! #a/ ( ,septemb]1 ! cable ceas$ work+ & ! project = a "t 0 ab&on$4 ,sev5 ye>s aft] ano!r attempt 0 made1 a new cable _h be5 prep>$ & /[$ 9 ! hold ( ! 8,great ,ea/]n40 ,! big %ip1 lightly c>ry+ h] great burd51 /eam$ out to sea pay+ out ! cable z %e proce$$4 ,half ! ,atlantic 0 pass$ ov] 9 safety :5 ! cable broke & ! 8,great ,ea/]n0 return$ to h] moor+s4 ,su*1 h[ev]1 _h be5 ! indications ( success 9 lay+ ! cable 9 #ahfe1 t 9 #ahff ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,telegraph ,company 0 organiz$ ) a new capital1 & ! 8,great ,ea/]n0 once m />t$ across ! deep1 :5 ! great "w 0 at la/ accompli%$4 ,univ]sal joy foll[$ ! ann\ncem5t t ! cable 0 successfully laid1 n only s1 b ! lo/ cable ( ! previ\s ye> 01 to ! g5]al wond]1 f\nd1 pick$ up & splic$ & cont9u$ to ! ,am]ican %ore4 ,! cable 0 ?r[n op5 = public traffic ,augu/ #bf1 #ahff4 ,a l>ge & remun]ative bus9ess foll[$1 :i* has cont9u$ unbrok5 ev] s9ce4 ,!re are n[ f\rte5 cables spann+ ! b$ ( ! ,atlantic betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica1 ! total l5g? ( ^! be+ #dj1jjj miles4 ,9 ! pres5t ye> 7#aijb7 ! total l5g? ( subm>9e cables 9 ! _w is ab\t #bjj1jjj miles1 all b #bj1jjj ( :i* are own$ by comm]cial conc]ns & ! rema9d] by diff]5t ,gov]nm5ts4 ,! am\nt ( capital inve/$ 9 cables is e/imat$ at ab\t #baj1jjj1jjj4 ,! co/ ( ! cable be=e lay+ dep5ds ^u ! dim5sions ( ! c>s1 or conduct+ wire1 :i* is copp]2 gutta p]*a1 :i* /ill =ms ! only tru/wor?y insulat+ mat]ial1 con/itut+ ! pr9cipal item ( exp5se4 ,= an ,atlantic cable ( ! mo/ rec5t con/ruction1 ! co/ may be tak5 at #bej to #cjj p] nautical mile4 ,! sy/em ( subm>9e cables orig9at+ 9 ,great ,brita9 has cont9u$ to develop 9 h] h&s1 until ! _w has be5 cov]$ ) a v]itable network ( cables1 :i* has hi!rto done mu* to prev5t ! decl9e ( h] comm]cial supremacy4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 h[ev]1 o!r m>itime nations 9 ,europe h begun to realize ! importance ( subm>9e cable ent]prise 9 ?is respect1 & ,france & ,g]many h made "s progress t[>ds free+ !mselves f ,briti% monopoly2 bo? are n[ connect$ ) ,am]ica by cables :i* are own$ 9 _! respective c\ntries1 ?\gh _! manufacture & subm]g5ce 0 effect$ by an ,engli% ,company4 ,?is spread ( ! cable sy/em has naturally foll[$ trade r\tes1 & ?us1 ) ! exception ( ! cables to ,am]ica1 _! tr5d has be5 ea/w>ds z f> z ,au/ralia & ,japan4 ,dur+ ! ye> #aijb ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada 0 connect$ by cable ) ,new ,zeal& & ,au/ralia1 ! total l5g? ( cable1 #h1bgb miles1 & co/ #a1gie1jjj4 ,an agreem5t 0 ent]$ into betwe5 ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t & ! ,gov]nm5ts ( ,canada1 ,victoria1 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ,new ,zeal& & ,que5sl&1 & x 0 ?r\gh ! p]si/5t ef=ts & advocacy ( ,sir ,s&=d ,flem+ t ?is great "w 0 accompli%$4 ,ow+ to ! exp]i5ce ga9$ ) _m ?\s& miles 9 all dep?s & "u v>y+ conditions ( wea!r & climate1 ! risks1 &1 consequ5tly1 ! co/ ( lay+1 has be5 greatly r$uc$1 b ! co/ ( effect+ a repair /ill rema9s a v unc]ta9 quantity1 success be+ dep5d5t on quiet conditions ( sea & wea!r4 ,! modus op]&i is briefly z foll[s3 ,! position ( ! fracture is det]m9$ by electrical te/s f bo? ends ) m or less accuracy dep5d+ on ! nature ( ! fault1 b x c be locat$ )9 a few miles4 ,! repair /eam]1 on rea*+ ! giv5 position1 l[]s "o or p]haps two m>k buoys1 moor+ !m by mu%room an*ors1 *a9 & rope1 us+ ^! buoys to guide ! direction ( t[4 ,grapnel1 a species ( five prong$ an*ors atta*$ to a /rong comp\nd rope =m$ ( /r&s ( /eel & manilla1 is l[]$ to ! bottom & dragg$ at a sl[ spe$1 z x 7 pl\gh+ a furr[ 9 ! sea-bottom 9 a l9e at "r angles to ! cable r\te until ! behavior ( ! dynamomet] %[s t ! cable is hook$4 ,! %ip is !n /opp$ & ! cable gradually hove up t[>ds ! surface2 b 9 deep wat]1 unless x has be5 caught ne> a loose end1 ! cable w break on ! grapnel be=e x rea*es ! surface1 z ! cat5>y /ra9 on ! bight w be great] ?an x w /&4 ,ano!r buoy is put d[n m>k+ ?is position1 fix+ at ! same "t ! actual l9e ( ! cable4 ,grappl+ w !n be recomm5c$ s z to hook ! cable ne> en\gh to ! end to all[ ( its be+ hove to ! surface4 ,:5 ?is has be5 done an electrical te/ is appli$1 &1 if ! orig9al fracture is betwe5 ! %ip & %ore1 ! heav+ 9 ( ! cable w cont9ue until ! end comes on bo>d4 ,ano!r buoy is !n l[]$ to m>k ! spot1 & ! cable on ! o!r side ( ! fracture grappl$ = br\ght to ! surface1 &1 if communication is f\nd p]fect ) ! %ore1 buoy$ ) suffici5t *a9 & rope atta*$ to all[ ( ! cable itself rea*+ ! bottom4 ,! %ip n[ returns to ! position ( orig9al attack & by simil> op]ations br+s on bo>d ! end :i* secures communication ) ! %ore4 ,! gap betwe5 ! two ends has n[ be5 clos$ by splic+ on new cable & pay+ out until ! buoy$ end is rea*$1 :i* is !n hove up & br\ght on bo>d4 ,aft] ! 8f9al splice10 z x is t]m$1 betwe5 ^! ends has be5 made1 ! bight made fa/ to a rope is l[]$ ov]bo>d1 ! slip rope cut & ! cable all[$ to s9k by its own weight to its re/+ place on ! sea-b$4 ,! repairs be+ ?us complet$ ! v>i\s m>k buoys are pick$ up & ! %ip returns to h] usual /ation4 ,! grappl+ ( ! cable & rais+ x to ! surface f a dep? ( #b1jjj fa?oms seldom occupies less ?an tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 &1 s9ce any extra /ra9 due to ! pit*+ ( ! vessel mu/ be avoid$1 x is cle> t ! /ate ( ! sea & wea!r is ! pr$om9at+ factor 9 ! "t necess>y = effect+ ! long s]ies ( op]ations :i*1 "u ! mo/ favorable circum/ances1 are requir$ = a repair4 ,9 addition ! int]v5tion ( heavy wea!r may m> all ! "w already accompli%$ & require ! :ole s]ies ( op]ations to be und]tak5 de novo4 ,z to co/1 "o transatlantic cable repair co/ #ge1jjj4 ,! repair ( ! ,ad5 ,bombay cable1 brok5 9 a dep? ( #a1ijj fa?oms1 0 effect$ ) ! exp5diture ( #agf miles ( new cable1 &1 aft] a lapse ( #bea days1 #ajc be+ sp5t 9 actual "w1 :i* = ! rema9d] ( ! "t 0 int]rupt$ by ! monsoon4 ,a repair ( ! ,lisbon ,por?c>r[ cable brok5 9 ! ,bay ( ,biscay 9 #b1gjj fa?oms1 elev5 ye>s aft] ! cable 0 laid1 took #bae days ) an exp5diture ( ?ree hundr$ miles ( cable4 ,all int]ruptions are n s co/ly1 = 9 %all[ wat]s1 ) favorable conditions ( wea!r1 a repair may be only a matt] ( a few h\rs1 & x is 9 su* wat]s t ! majority ( breaks occur1 b /ill a l>ge res]ve fund mu/ be laid aside = ! purpose4 ,z an ord9>y in/ance x has be5 /at$ t ! co/ ( repair+ ! direct ,unit$ ,/ates cable up to #aijj f its subm]g5ce 9 #ahgd av]ages #h1jjj p] annum4 ,ne>ly all ! cable companies possess _! own /eam]s ( suffici5t dim5sions1 & specially equipp$ = mak+ ord9>y repairs1 b = exceptional cases :]e a consid]able quantity ( new cable may h to be ins]t$1 x may be necess>y to *>t] ! s]vice ( "o ( ! l>g] vessels own$ by a cable manufactur+ company at a c]ta9 sum p] day1 :i* may well rea* #bjj to #cjj4 ,?is fleet ( cable %ips n[ numb] =ty1 rang+ 9 size f vessels ( #cjj tons to #aj1jjj tons' c>ry+ capacity4 ,! life ( a cable is usually consid]$ to cont9ue until x is no long] capable ( be+ lift$ = repair1 b1 9 "s cases ! duration & frequ5cy ( int]ruptions z affect+ public conv5i5ce ) ! loss ( rev5ue & co/ ( repairs1 mu/ toge!r decide ! "q ( ei!r mak+ v ext5sive r5ewals or ev5 ab&on+ ! :ole cable4 ,x is a well asc]ta9$ fact t ! insulator--gutta p]*a--is1 :5 kept "u wat]1 practically imp]i%able1 s t x is only ! orig9al /r5g? ( ! %ea?+ wires & ! det]ioration all[able 9 !m t h to be consid]$4 ,cables h frequ5tly be5 pick$ up1 %[+ aft] _m ye>s ( subm]g5ces1 no appreciable det]ioration 9 ?is respect1 :ile 9 o!r cases ends h be5 pick$ up :i* 9 ! c\rse ( twelve ye>s _h be5 corrod$ to ne$le po9ts1 ! result1 no d\bt1 ( metallif]\s deposits 9 ! locality4 ,! exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 ! e>li] days ( ocean telegraphy f ! failure & ab&onm5t ( ne>ly #ej p] c5t4 ( ! deep-sea cables )9 ! fir/ twelve ye>s1 plac$ ! probable life ( a cable z l[ z fifte5 ye>s1 b ! we$+ out ( uns]viceable types ( con/ruction & ! g5]al improvem5t 9 mat]ials1 h1 by degrees1 ext5d$ t fir/ e/imate until n[ ! limit may be safely plac$ at n less ?an =ty ye>s4 ,9 dep?s beyond ! rea* ( wave motion & ap>t f ! susp5sion across a subm>9e gully :i* w soon] or lat] result 9 a rupture ( ! cable1 ! mo/ frequ5t cause ( int]ruption is seismic or o!r %ift+ ( ! ocean b$1 :ile 9 %all[] wat]s & ne> ! %ore ! dragg+ ( an*ors or fi%+ trawls h be5 mo/ly responsible4 ,s9ce by int]national agreem5t ! wilful damage ( a cable has be5 con/itut$ a crim9al (f5ce & ! cables h avoid$ cross+ ! fi%+ banks or h adopt$ ! wise policy ( refund+ ! value ( an*ors lo/ on _! cables1 ! numb] ( su* fractures h be5 greatly dim9i%$4 ,cable ,in/rum5ts4 ,! app>atus 9 use on l& l9es are n adapt$ = cables except = comp>atively %ort di/ances n exce$+ f\r or five hundr$ miles4 ,:5 ! ,atlantic cable 0 laid a special in/rum5t _h to be devis$ to transmit signals to ! di/ant end4 ,! man to accompli% ?is 0 ,pr(essor ,?omson 7n[ ,"l ,kelv971 :o inv5t$ ! mirror sy/em4 ,a beam ( light 0 ?r[n on a m9ute mirror an eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet] & ! light reflect$ on to a scale by means ( :i* ! signal 0 int]pret$ into lett]s4 ,?is necessitat$ "o p]son con/antly scann+ ! spot ( light z x mov$ to ! "r & to ! left ( ! scale & call+ out ! individual lett]s1 :i* 7 tak5 d[n by ano!r p]son4 ,?is t$i\s & try+ me?od ( receiv+ signals 0 sup]c$$ by ano!r device ( ,"l ,kelv91 ! siphon record]4 ,! siphon1 by :i* ! cable signals are automatically record$1 is a ?9 glass tube1 ab\t ! ?ickness ( a /rong l95 ?read1 & q flexible4 ,x is susp5d$ 9 a frame & atta*$ by a s+le silk fibre to "o side ( a rectangul> coil ( f9e insulat$ wire1 mov+ ab\t a s(t iron b> fix$ 9 ! magnetic field ( two l>ge p]man5t magnets4 ,! coil is held d[n at ! l[] end by a silk ?read1 fa/5$ to an adju/able spr+1 to regulate or conf9e ! lat]al motion ( ! siphon1 ! magnets are plac$ v]tically & are two in*es ap>t1 "o end ( ! siphon is twice b5t at "r angles1 & dips into an ink well fill$ ) filt]$ anil9e ink4 ,! o!r end has a m9ute ?read or %ort piece ( s(t iron cem5t$ longitud9ally to x1 & sways 9 close proximity to a n>r[ fillet ( pap] five-eigh?s ( an in* wide1 :i* is drawn along by a small motor4 ,! small motors by :i* ! pap] is drawn along receive _! curr5t g5]ally f lead-l9$ trays1 #ah by #bj in*es1 at ! bottom ( :i* is plac$ a copp] %eet1 ! z9c is wrapp$ 9 /\t manilla pap] :i* s]ves ! purpose ( a por\s cup = ! sulphate ( copp]4 ,! cable curr5t passes ?r\gh ! small rectangul> coil1 :i* is ab\t two in*es long1 z bo? positive & negative curr5ts are s5t into ! cond5s]s1 & !reby di/urb ! /atic electricity ( ! cable4 ,! coil is deflect$ to ! "r & left respectively1 t5d+ to place itself at "r angles to ! l9es ( magnetic =ce betwe5 ! fix$ b> magnets & :i* l9es ( =ce are conc5trat$ by ! small b> above m5tion$ ( ! be/ s(t iron )9 ! coil4 ,! siphon has1 !re=e1 a correspond+ motion to ! coil4 ,z ! me*anical =ce ( ! susp5d$ coil is v small 9 deflect+1 x is necess>y t ! siphon be n 9 cont9u\s contact ) ! fillet ( pap] o!rwise its motion w\ld cease4 ,! difficulty ( obta9+ a record is ov]come 9 an +5i\s mann]4 ,! siphon is made to vibrate by means ( a local batt]y on ! pr9ciple ( ! pu% button electric bell by ! break+ ( ! circuit--! vibration is communicat$ to ! siphon by ! int]position ( ano!r electro-magnet 9 ! local circuit & plac$ und]nea? ! fillet ( pap]1 ! small ?read ( iron on ! tip ( ! siphon acts z ! armature to ! latt] electro-magnet4 ,! numb] ( vibrations made 9 a second dep5ds on ! siphon1 diff]5t siphons hav+ diff]5t p]iods or inh]5t notes1 b #ee is ab\t ! numb] ( vibrations a second1 e pulsation ( ! siphon deposits a drop ( ink on ! pap]1 &1 z ! pap] is mov+ at ! rate ( ov] half an in* a second1 an app>5tly cont9u\s l9e is drawn4 ,f ! description ( ! work+ ( ! siphon--( its lat]al movem5ts--x w be evid5t t ! cablegram1 z %[n on ! fillet ( pap]1 w look l ! cont\r l9e across ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s4 ,! undulations made by ! siphon correspond to ! click+ we he> 9 ! ord9>y telegraph in/rum5ts4 ,a cable (fice is v quiet comp>$ to ! bewild]+ clatt] 9 a l>ge telegraph (fice4 ,x 0 f\nd t on ! ,atlantic 7& %ort] cables7 a great] spe$ ( signals 0 possible ?an c\ld be s5t ?r\gh by h& ) ! d\ble key4 ,?is call$ =? ! inv5tion ( ! s-call$ automatic transmitt]4 ,= ?is purpose ! messages are 9 ! fir/ place pun*$ into a /rip ( oil$ & prep>$ pap]1 ! *>act]s on ! /rip are repres5t$ by holes at v>y+ di/ances on ea* side ( a c5tral l9e4 ,?is /rip ( cont9u\s pap] is !n f$ into ! transmitt]1 9 :i* metallic po9ts slide along ! "u side ( ! /rip4 ,:]ev] a hole is enc\nt]$ electric contact is made & a signal s5t4 ,! spe$ ( runn+ ! /rip ?r\gh ! transmitt] c be regulat$ z desir$4 ,! 8auto0 c easily keep two m5 busy pun*+4 ,)9 rec5t ye>s an improvem5t has be5 effect$ = transmitt+ signals or messages automatically f "o cable to ano!r4 ,=m]ly x 0 necess>y aft] receiv+ ! signals f "o cable to transmit !m by h& to ! connect+ cable at ! /ation4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ?is c be done automatically by means ( ,taylor1 ,br[n & ,de>love's ,translator4 ,! siphon 9 x in/ead ( c>ry+ ink conta9s a metallic ?read :i* re/s1 in/ead ( on ! fillet ( pap]1 on a rapidly1 revolv+1 p]fectly1 smoo?1 small :eel1 9 :i* ! surface ( ! circumf]5ce is divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 ! c5tral "o kn[n z 8no man's l&0 be+ a non-conductor su* z glass1 :ile ! out] ones are ( silv]4 ,z ! siphon sways to "o side or ! o!r x makes metallic contact1 :i* is communicat$ by means ( 8bru%es0 :i* press aga9/ ea* side ( ! :eel to ! outgo+ cable4 ,?is translator simplifies ! "w & r$uces ! (fice /aff :i* w\ld be o!rwise necess>y4 ,at ! pres5t "t ne>ly all cables use ! duplex sy/em1 t is1 messages c be s5t & receiv$ at ! same "t on "o wire4 ,! spe$ ( a cable is giv5 9 words p] m9ute1 ! conv5tional numb] ( five lett]s p] ^w be+ und]/ood1 ?\gh 9 actual practice1 ow+ to ! ext5sive use ( special codes1 ! numb] ( lett]s p] ^w is really betwe5 eight & n9e1 & ?is =ms a consid]able factor 9 ! e>n+ capacity ( ! cable1 b ! spe$ dep5ds ^u ! l5g? ( ! cable & ! exp]i5ce ( ! op]ator4 ,te/s made ov] ! ,vanc\v] & ,fann+ ,isl& section ( ! ,pacific cable give #he lett]s p] m9ute ) h& work+ & #ajj lett]s a m9ute ) automatic curb work+1 & approximately #afh lett]s a m9ute 7#hd lett]s ea* way7 ) duplex & curb$ automatic work+4 ,?is section ( ! cable is #c1dee nautical miles 9 l5g?1 ! longe/ cable t has ev] be5 laid1 & ab\t twice ! l5g? ( ! ,atlantic cables4 ,on %ort] cables a great] spe$ c be atta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cyrus ,w4 ,,field4 ,cyrus ,w4 ,field4 ,born 9 #ahai1 at ,/ockbridge1 ,mass41 at ! age ( fifte51 he left home & became a cl]k 9 a lead+ h\se 9 ,new ,york4 ,at tw5ty-"o he m>ri$ & settl$ d[n 9 life z a :olesale pap] m]*ant4 ,hav+ be5 v successful he wi%$ to retire1 b yield$ to ! wi%es ( 8 junior p>tn] & all[$ 8 "n to rema9 z ! head ( ! firm4 ,he )drew1 h[ev]1 s f> z to make a six mon?s' t\r to ,s\? ,am]ica1 return+ 9 #ahec4 ,he 0 l$ to turn 8 att5tion to ocean telegraphy ?r\gh an int]view ) ,mr4 ,gisborne1 :o 0 !n engag$ 9 con/ruct+ a telegraph l9e across ! ,isl& ( ,newf\ndl&1 & lay+ a subm>9e cable f !re to ,nova ,scotia1 9 connection ) a project$ l9e ( /eam%ips to ,irel&4 ,x /ruck him t if a cable ( su* l5g? c\ld be laid !re 0 no?+ to h9d] a /ill long] be+ c>ri$ f "o side ( ! ,atlantic to ! o!r4 ,turn+ ov] ?is ?\ght 9 8 m9d he consult$ ) ,pr(essor ,morse & ,lieut5ant ,maury1 & receiv+ enc\ragem5t f !m he devot$ 8 en]gies 9 ! ent]prise 9 conjunction ) 8 bro!r ,dudley4 ,o!r fri5ds jo9$ him1 & ! fir/ ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company 0 organiz$ ) a favorable *>t]1 grant+ !m ! sole "r = fifty ye>s ( l&+ a telegraph cable on ,newf\ndl& & ) a subsidy z soon z ! l9e 0 complet$4 ,! fir/ ?+ 0 to connect ! ,cont95t ) ,newf\ndl&4 ,?is "p ( ! s*eme 0 successfully accompli%$ 9 #ahef4 ,! next /ep 0 ! =mation ( ! ,atlantic ,telegraph ,company & ! s\nd+ ! way = ! cable :i* 0 und]tak5 by bo? ! ,briti% & ,am]ican ,gov]nm5ts sep>ately4 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t gave e enc\ragem5t to ! projectors by promis+ #ad1jjj a ye> = ! transmission ( its messages & ! use ( ! %ips ( its navy to lay ! cable4 #cej1jjj 0 ask$ = & 9 a %ort "t subscrib$1 ,mr4 ,field tak+ #hj %>es ( #a1jjj ea*4 ,9 #aheg ! fir/ attempt to lay ! cable prov$ a failure1 b 9 ! foll[+ ye> 7#aheh7 a second attempt 0 made1 b a t]rific /orm met ! vessels 9 ! middle ( ! ,atlantic1 ! cable broke aga9 & ! exp$ition return$ to ,engl& once m4 ,a ?ird ef=t met ) bett] success1 & on ! #e? ( ,augu/1 #aheh1 ! two ends 7 safely l&$1 "o 9 ,val5tia ,bay1 ,irel&1 ! o!r 9 ,tr9ity ,bay1 ,newf\ndl&4 ,! fir/ message s5t f ! ,old ,_w to ! ,new 0 wor?y ! occasion4 8,glory to ,god 9 ! highe/1 on e>? peace & good-w to m540 ,a few weeks lat] ! cable ceas$ to act1 b a new cable 0 prep>$ & ! 8,great ,ea/]n0 0 s5t out ) x1 only1 h[ev]1 to lose x also :5 #a1bjj miles f ,irel&4 ,x seem$ a hopeless dream to b9d ! two worlds by electric wire1 b ,mr4 ,field did n despair4 ,a bett] cable 0 once m made2 ano!r company 0 =m$ ) a capital ( #fjj1jjj4 ,9 #ahff ! 8,great ,ea/]n0 aga9 sail$1 & ?is "t c>ri$ ! ?9 ?read triumphantly f %ore to %ore1 n only s1 b fi%$ up ! brok5 cable f ! abysses ( ! ocean1 unit$ x & jo9$ ,engl& & ,am]ica by two telegraphic wires4 ,! mov+ _s ?r\gh\t 0 ,mr4 ,field1 :o sp5t "s ?irte5 ye>s ( 8 life & made =ty trips across ! ,atlantic1 imp]ill+ 8 heal? & means 9 pursuit ( ?is great ent]prise be=e 8 ef=ts 7 cr[n$ ) success4 ,he di$ on ! #ab? day ( ,july1 #ahib4 ,illu/ration3 ,,mi*ael ,,f>aday4 ,mi*ael ,f>ady4 ,! pupil ( ,sir ,humphrey ,davy1 & himself ! greate/ philosophical *emi/ ( 8 "t1 0 born on ! #bbnd ( ,septemb]1 #agia4 ,! son ( a smi?1 :o 0 unable to give him any bett] education ?an t af=d$ by a common day-s*ool 9 ! neighborhood1 read+1 writ+ & ari?metic embrac$ all 8 tra9+ = life1 s f> z s*ools 7 conc]n$2 b he _h t )9 him :i* f ^! poor beg9n+s made a magnific5t end4 ,a fondness = read+ fill$ 8 m9d ) miscellane\s k & pav$ ! way = all t foll[$4 ,at ?irte5 he 0 appr5tic$ to a booksell] & b9d]1 b 8 he>t 0 ev5 ?us e>ly 9 sci5ce r ?an trade1 & he paid m att5tion to rude exp]im5ts ?an to 8 imm$iate call+4 ,a g5tleman hav+ tak5 him to he> "s ( ,sir ,humphrey ,davy's la/ lectures at ! ,royal ,in/itution1 ,f>aday wrote out ! notes he _h tak5 9 a qu>to volume1 & s5t !m to ,sir ,humphrey ,davy1 ) a lett] ask+ t1 if he c\ld1 w\ld he give him a *ance ( escap+ f trade to philosophy4 ,! result 0 8 employm5t z an assi/ant 9 ! laboratory ( ! ,royal ,in/itution 9 #ahac1 at ! age ( #bb1 aft] he _h be5 a booksell] = n9e ye>s4 ,f ?is "t ,f>aday's progress 0 rapid4 ,9 #ahbj 8 "n 0 fir/ made prom95t = *emical discov]ies1 & f t date e ye> record$ "s new rese>* & new triumph1 till 9 #ahcb 8 em95ce 0 s ?or\ghly felt t ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d made him a ,d4 ,c4 ,l41 & 9 #ahce ,"l ,melb\rne's ,gov]nm5t gave him a p5sion ( #cjj a ye>4 ,hon\rs mean:ile 7 %[]$ ^u him2 he became "o ( eight =eign associates ( ! ,imp]ial ,academy ( ,sci5ce at ,p>is1 a comm&] ( ! ,legion ( ,hon\r1 a knight ( ! ,prussian ,ord] ( ,m]it & memb] ( num]\s sci5tific bodies 9 ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,! secret ( 8 success1 ap>t f 8 g5ius1 lay 9 8 wond]ful indu/ry & calm & c>eful att5tion to e detail ( :at he essay$4 ,9 electricity & magnetism 8 rese>*es made him "o ( ! =emo/2 8 language 9 lectur+ 0 always simple2 8 exp]im5ts conv9c+1 & 8 en?usiasms s cat*+1 t e "o felt engross$ by subjects :i* s absorb$ ! lectur]4 ,he 0 a true philosoph]1 tak+ no?+ = grant$1 & ?9k+ no?+ too insignificant to foll[ out to ! utmo/4 ,_m books h be5 writt5 on 8 discov]ies1 & sev]al on 8 life & "*1 b x is felt t no "o :o did n "k him c\ld realize ! man z he 04 ,) a ,european fame 8 0 mode/ z a *ild4 ,! greate/ au?ority 9 8 day on natural sci5ce1 he 0 a humble ,*ri/ian4 ,f>aday nev] m>ri$4 ,:5 he di$ 9 #ahfg 8 p5sion 0 cont9u$ to 8 maid5 si/]1 :o surviv$ him4 ,9 ,f>aday1 z 9 o!rs1 g5ius seem$ l>gely to be :at ,c>lyle calls x1 only a faculty ( inf9ite labor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"l ,,kelv94 ,"l ,kelv94 ,born at ,belfa/1 ,irel&1 #bf? ,june1 #ahbd1 8 fa!r be+ !n tea*] ( ma!matics 9 ! ,royal ,academical ,in/itution4 ,9 #ahcb ,james ,?omson accept$ ! *air ( ma!matics at ,glasg[ & migrat$ !re ) 8 two sons1 ,james & ,william1 :o 9 #ahcd matriculat$ 9 t ,univ]sity1 ,william be+ little m ?an t5 ye>s ( age1 & hav+ acquir$ all 8 education ?r\gh 8 fa!r's in/ruction4 ,9 #ahda ,william ,?omson ent]$ ,cambridge2 9 #ahde took 8 degrees1 second wrangl]1 to :i* hon\r he add$ t ( ! fir/ ,smi?'s prize4 ,at t "t !re 0 few facilities = ! /udy ( exp]im5tal sci5ce 9 ,great ,brita94 ,at ! ,royal ,in/itution ,f>aday held a unique position1 & 0 feel+ 8 way almo/ alone4 ,9 ,cambridge sci5ce _h progress$ little s9ce ! days ( ,newton4 ,?omson1 !re=e _h rec\rse to ,p>is & = a ye> work$ 9 ! laboratory ( ,regnault1 :o 0 engag$ 9 8 classical rese>*es on ! !rmal prop]ties ( /eam2 b 8 /ay 9 ,p>is 0 comp>atively %ort1 = 9 #ahdf1 :5 only tw5ty-two ye>s ( age1 he accept$ ! *air ( ,natural ,philosophy 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,glasg[1 :i* he fill$ = fifty-?ree ye>s1 atta9+ univ]sal recognition z "o ( ! greate/ physici/s ( 8 "t4 ,! ,glasg[ *air 0 a s\rce ( inspiration to sci5tific m5 = half a c5tury1 & _m ( ! mo/ advanc$ rese>*es grew out ( ! sugge/ions :i* ,?omson scatt]$ z sp>ks f ! anvil4 ,al?\gh 8 contributions to !rmo-dynamics may prop]ly be reg>d$ z 8 mo/ sci5tific "w1 x is 9 ! field ( electricity1 especially 9 its application to subm>9e telegraphy1 t ,"l ,kelv9 is be/ kn[n4 ,f #ahed he is mo/ prom95t among telegraphi/s4 ,! /r&$ =m ( ! conductor 0 due to 8 sugge/ion1 b x 0 9 ! lett]s :i* he address$ 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb] ( t ye> to ,pr(4 ,/okes1 & :i* 7 publi%$ 9 ! proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,society = #ahee t he discuss$ ! ma!matical !ory ( signall+ ?r\gh subm>9e cables1 & enunciat$ ! conclusion t 9 long cables ret>dation due to capacity mu/ r5d] ! spe$ ( signall+ inv]sely proportional to ! squ>e ( ! cable's l5g?4 ,"s held t if ?is 7 true ocean telegraphy w\ld be impossible1 & s\ght 9 consequ5ce to disprove ,?omson's conclusions4 ,?omson on ! o!r h& set to "w to ov]come ! difficulty by improvem5t 9 ! manufacture ( ! cables1 & fir/ ( all ! production ( copp] ( high conductivity1 & ! con/ruction ( app>atus :i* w\ld readily respond to ! slighte/ v>iation ( ! curr5t 9 ! cable4 ,! mirror galvanomet] & ! siphon record]1 :i* 0 pat5t$ 9 #ahfg1 7 ! outcome ( ^! rese>*es1 b ! sci5tific value ( ! mirror galvanomet] is indep5d5t ( its use 9 telegraphy1 & ! siphon record] is ! direct precursor ( "o =m ( galvanomet] 7d'arsnovals71 n[ commonly us$ 9 electric laboratories4 ,?omson's "w 9 connection ) telegraphy l$ to ! production 9 rapid succession ( in/rum5ts adapt$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! "t1 = measurem5ts ( e electrical quantity1 & :5 electric light+ came to ! front1 a new set ( in/rum5ts 0 produc$ to meet ! ne$s ( ! electrical eng9e]4 ,8 indu/ry is univ]sal1 & he seems to take re/ by turn+ f "o difficulty to ano!r1 difficulties t w\ld appal mo/ m51 & be tak5 z an enjoym5t by no "o else4 ,?is life ( unwe>i$ indu/ry & ( univ]sal hon\r has left ,"l ,kelv9 ) a lovable nature1 & *>ms all ) :om he comes 9 contact4 ,9 #ahff he receiv$ ! hon\r ( knigh?ood 9 ackn[l$gm5t ( 8 s]vices to transatlantic telegraphy1 & 9 #ahib he 0 rais$ to ! pe]age1 ) ! title ( ,b>on ,kelv9 ( ,l>gs4 ,john ,watk9s ,brett4 ,telegraph eng9e]1 0 ! son ( a cab9et-mak]1 ,william ,brett1 ( ,bri/ol1 ,engl&1 & 0 born 9 t city 9 #ahje4 ,brett has be5 /yl$1 & ) app>5t ju/ice1 ! f\nd] ( subm>9e telegraphy4 ,! idea ( s5d+ electricity ?r\gh subm]g$ cables orig9at$ ) him & 8 bro!r2 aft] "s ye>s 9 p]fect+ 8 plans1 he s\ght & obta9$ p]mission f ,l\is ,phillipe 9 #ahdg to e/abli% telegraphic communication ) ,france & ,engl&1 b ! project did n receive public att5tion1 be+ reg>d$ z too haz>d\s = g5]al support4 ,! attempt 01 h[ev]1 made 9 #ahej1 & met ) success1 & ! con/ruction ( num]\s o!r subm>9e l9es foll[$4 ,brett always express$ confid5ce 9 ! ultimate union ( ,engl& & ,am]ica by means ( electricity1 b did n live to see its f9al success4 ,he di$ on #crd ,decemb]1 #ahfc1 at ! age ( #eh4 ,brett publi%$ a book ( #ajd pages on ! orig9 & progress ( oceanic telegraphy4 ,he also contribut$ sev]al pap]s on ! same subject to ! ,in/itute ( ,civil ,eng9e]s1 ( :i* he 0 a memb]4 ,a li/ ( ^! contributions w be f\nd 9 ! index ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society4 ,illu/ration3 ,,guiglielmo ,,m>coni4 ,signor ,guiglielmo ,m>coni4 ,born at ,m>zabotta1 ne> ,bologna1 ,italy1 9 ,april1 #ahge4 ,8 fa!r 0 a native ( ,italy & a man ( sub/ance1 8 "m 0 a ,miss ,jamieson1 born 9 ,irel&1 b ( ,scotti% l9eage4 ,"y ,m>coni e>ly turn$ 8 att5tion to ! wond]s ( electricity & began 8 exp]im5ts 9 wireless telegraphy 9 #ahia4 ,:ile yet a m]e lad he came to ,engl& 9 #ahif1 & 9 co-op]ation ) ,sir ,william ,preece1 !n ! head ( ! telegraph dep>tm5t 9 ,engl&1 began fur!r exp]im5ts4 ,on ,m>* #bg1 #ahii1 he succe$$ 9 s5d+ messages across ! ,briti% *annel f ,b\logne to ! s\? =el&4 ,! next & greate/ a*ievem5t ( all1 on ,decemb] #ab1 #aija1 he receiv$ a signal at ,/4 ,john's1 ,nfld41 f ,poldhu1 ,cornwall1 ne>ly #b1jjj miles di/ant4 ,on ,febru>y #bf1 #aijb1 he receiv$ messages abo>d%ip on ! ,atlantic ocean f ,poldhu1 #b1jii miles away4 ,he is n[ engag$ 9 fur!r exp]im5ts & hopes to e/abli% p]man5t communication betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica )9 a v %ort "t1 & lat] ext5d ! sy/em ov] ! entire globe4 ,at ! pres5t "t all ! lead+ /eam%ip l9es cross+ ! ,atlantic1 & _m %ips ( ! ,briti% navy1 are equipp$ ) wireless telegraph app>atus1 by means ( :i* vessels at sea are 9 con/ant t\* ) ,europe & ,am]ica2 ?us ea* %ip has become a float+ telegraph (fice4 ,! inv5tor is some:at above m$ium height & ( a highly /rung temp]am5t4 ,he is quiet & delib]ate 9 8 movem5ts2 he talks little2 is /raight=w>d1 unassum+1 & has accept$ 8 success ) calmness1 almo/ ) unconc]n4 ,he is und\bt$ly ! mo/ prom95t man ( ! day & ! wond] ( ! age4 ,g5esis ( ,wireless ,telegraphy4 ,pr(essor ,mc,bride1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,sc41 ( ,mc,gill ,univ]sity1 9 8 inaugural address z ,presid5t ( ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,society ( ,montreal 9 ,octob]1 #aija1 ref]r$ to wireless telegraphy z foll[s3-- 8,take a discov]y t is excit+ ! greate/ int]e/ at ! pres5t "t1 & promises results ( ! mo/ f>-rea*+ importance1 namely1 wireless telegraphy4 ,let u trace ! apo/olical succession1 to borr[ a t]m f !ology1 ( ! idea :i* und]lies ! discov]y4 8,?irty or =ty ye>s ago ! great ,cambridge physici/1 ,cl]k ,maxwell1 "o ( ! greate/ & mo/ p5etrative ( ! g5iuses :o h fill$ ! *airs ( t anci5t univ]sity1 0 engag$ 9 det]m9+ ! value ( ! electric unit4 ,z _m ( my he>]s are aw>e1 !re are two ways ( do+ ?is3 we c e/imate ei!r ! pu% t an electric *>ge ex]ts on ano!r simil> *>ge1 or else ! pull t an electric curr5t effects on a magnetic ne$le4 ,9 ?is way two diff]5t values = ! unit are arriv$ at1 & ! relation betwe5 !m1 or to put x m simply1 ! numb] obta9$ by divid+ ! "o by ! o!r1 gives ! velocity ( light 9 c5timet]s p] second4 ,?is rem>kable result sugge/$ to ,cl]k ,maxwell t1 t my/]i\s ?+ call$ electricity _h some?+ to d ) ! e!r :i* fills all space & transmits ! vibrations :i* we call light1 & he !reupon con/ruct$ ?is fam\s electro-magnetic !ory ( light :i* conceives light to consi/ ( vibrations n on a comp>atively gross mat]ial l ord9>y matt]1 b ( electricity itself4 ,?is !ory receiv$ at fir/ little support f ! ,g]man physici/s1 :o are incl9$ to sc(f at e idea t is n ( ,g]man orig94 8,among/ a cr[d ( sc(f]s1 h[ev]1 "o op5-m9d$ enquir] 0 f\nd :o said to himself #8,if ,cl]k ,maxwell is "r1 ,i ought to f9d t if ,i />t artificial electric vibrations !y w propagate !mselves l light waves4' ,?is man's "n 0 ,h]tz1 & he promptly set ab\t produc+ electric waves purely ) a view ( te/+ ,cl]k ,maxwell's !ory4 8,he _h _m difficulties to ov]come be=e he succe$$ 9 produc+ !m 9 suffici5tly rapid succession1 b ?is 0 at la/ accompli%$ & ,maxwell's !ory triumphantly v9dicat$4 8,! electric vibrations comport$ !mselves l light4 ,x is true t a /one wall 0 z transp>5t = !m z a %eet ( glass is = ord9>y light1 b !y 7 reflect$ by a metal plate & c\ld be br\ght to a focus1 etc41 etc4 ,n[ ?is invisible light1 z we may call x1 is :at ,m>coni & o!rs h employ$ 9 _! s-call$ wireless telegraphy1 b1 )\t ,maxwell or ,h]tz1 x w\ld h rema9$ undiscov]$ to ?is day40 ,hi/orical4 ,wireless telegraphy1 or ! transmission ( signals ?r\gh space by means ( electric waves1 is ( a comp>atively rec5t orig91 al?\gh ! idea ( ! exi/5ce ( electric waves dates back "s =ty ye>s ago4 ,9 #ahfh ,cl]k ,maxwell1 !n ,pr(essor ( ,physics 9 ,cambridge ,univ]sity1 fir/ publi%$ a !ory %[+ t an intimate relation betwe5 electricity & light exi/$4 ,?is !ory1 :i* has receiv$ mo/ conclusive sub/antiation s9ce !n by em95t physici/s1 is kn[n z ! electro-magnetic !ory4 ,x tells u t electric waves & light waves are simil>2 t !y repres5t a transf] ( en]gy by means ( ! all-p]vad+ univ]sal e!r2 t !y diff] radically 9 _! effects on ! physical s5ses 9 wave l5g? & p]iod ( vibration1 & t bo? possess ! same velocity1 #ahf1jjj miles p] second4 ,_m ( ! expon5ts ( ! electro-magnetic !ory discuss$ ! prop]ties ( electric waves long be=e !y 7 exp]im5tally demon/rat$4 ,our exp]im5tal k ( ! exi/5ce ( electric waves dates f ab\t #ahhj4 ,h]tz1 a ,g]man physici/1 :ile work+ "u ! illu/ri\s ,helmholtz1 discov]$ t small sp>ks c\ld be made to pass betwe5 ! two conductors :5 held ne> a circuit 9 :i* electric oscillations 7 set up4 ,he soon discov]$ t ?is 0 due to ! action ( electric waves1 &1 realiz+ h[ fundam5tal 9 importance ?is 0 to ! ?or\gh k ( ! electro-magnetic !ory1 he comm5c$ a s]ies ( exp]im5tal rese>*es :i* 7 ( su* a brilliant & productive nature z to m>k !m z among/ ! mo/ important inve/igations 9 ! :ole doma9 ( sci5ce4 ,a numb] ( exp]im5t]s !n foll[$1 among/ !m ,signor ,m>coni1 :o has s9ce become closely id5tifi$ ) its practical application4 ,9 #ahij ! coh]] 0 discov]$ by ,branly1 & simultane\sly by ,oliv] ,lodge4 ,lodge's coh]] 0 a v delicate in/rum5t1 & by its means ! electric waves c\ld be detect$ at a mu* great] di/ance ?an 0 possible ) ! conductors us$ by ,h]tz4 ,9 #ahie1 9 ,cambridge1 ,mr4 ,ru!r=d 7n[ ,pr(essor ( ,physics 9 ,mc,gill ,univ]sity71 fir/ %[$ t ! waves c\ld be obs]v$ by a magnetic detector4 ,he discov]$ t a weakly magnetiz$ /eel wire becomes in/antane\sly demagnetiz$ "u ! influ5ce ( electrical oscillations1 su* z electric waves4 ,) 8 detector he succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ communication at half a mile4 ,9 #ahif ,m>coni came f ,italy to ,engl&1 &1 ) ! help ( a ,gov]nm5t grant1 obta9$ ?r\gh ! in/igation ( ,sir ,william ,preece1 head ( ! ,briti% telegraph dep>tm5t1 comm5c$ a s]ies ( exp]im5ts 9 wireless telegraphy4 ,v rapid /rides 7 made1 & ! di/ance to :i* signals c\ld be s5t 0 v mu* increas$4 ,an important developm5t soon foll[$ 9 reg>d to ! use ( a v]tical wire = transmitt+ ! waves1 in/ead ( a horizontal "o1 :i* increas$ ! di/ance /ill m4 ,al?\gh ,m>coni has come to be *iefly associat$ ) ! developm5t ( wireless telegraphy1 o!r sy/ems h be5 e/abli%$ 9 v>i\s c\ntries :i* involve slight modifications 9 ! app>atus employ$4 ,9 ,g]many ! ,arco ,slaby sy/em is us$ ) success1 & 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! ,de ,=e/ is be+ in/all$ 9 _m places4 ,!n !re is ! ,arm/rong1 ,orl+ & ! ,muirhead ,lodge sy/em4 ,9 ,engl& a wireless telegraph company 0 organiz$ 9 #aijb4 ,?is company1 hav+ secur$ ! ,m>coni pat5ts1 aim$ to monopolize t bus9ess 9 ,great ,brita91 b1 z ! ,gov]nm5t !re controls ! telegraphs1 ?is 0 n p]mitt$4 ,! company compla9$ z to ! attitude ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t 9 ret>d+ in/ead ( enc\rag+ ! ent]prise4 ,:5 ! subject 0 br\ght up 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons on ,june #h1 #aijc1 ,mr4 ,*amb]la91 ! !n ,po/ma/]-,g5]al1 expla9$ t he _h no desire to hamp] a new inv5tion1 b ! ,po/-,(fice did n int5d to ?r[ away its "r to ! monopoly 9 public communication z x _h done 9 ! e>ly days ( ! telephone4 ,he _h n be5 deal+ ) ,mr4 ,m>coni1 b ) ! company own+ ,m>coni's inv5tion4 ,! company ask$ = a p]man5t exclusive "r to use wireless telegraphy 9 ,great ,brita94 ,?is 0 refus$1 on ! gr\nd t x 0 n bus9ess4 ,:5 ! company 0 prep>$ to talk bus9ess1 he 0 prep>$ to deal ) x4 ,:5 ! company ask$ = a private wire to ,poldhu he 7,mr4 ,*amb]la97 _h grant$ ! reque/ imm$iately4 ,at ! "t ,presid5t ,roosevelt s5t 8 wireless message to ,k+ ,edw>d1 & ! latt] repli$ by cable1 ! ,po/-,(fice _h arrang$ to convey ! message f ! ne>e/ (fice to ,poldhu at any h\r1 al?\gh !re 0 no diff]5ce :atev] 9 telegraph+ f ,london to ,poldhu4 ,! company next ask$ ! ,po/-,(fice to act z its ag5t 9 collect+ messages 9 ,great ,brita9 = transatlantic m>conigraph+1 b he _h submitt$ c]ta9 conditions ) ! view ( prev5t+ int]f]5ce ) ! admiralty & = /rategic reasons1 add+ t :5 ! conditions 7 accept$ & ! company satisfi$ ! ,po/-,(fice exp]ts ( its ability to s5d messages across ! ,atlantic1 ! ,po/-,(fice w\ld appo9t ! company z its ag5t1 z x already _h done 9 ! case ( ! cable companies4 ,t lett] _h be5 s5t to ! company on ,m>* #ca1 b no reply _h be5 receiv$4 ,mr4 ,*amb]la9 cont5d$ t ! ,po/-,(fice 0 9 no way to be blam$ = ! delay1 b x refus$ to take ! public money = messages until ! company 0 will+ to all[ ! ,po/-,(fice exp]ts to g to ,poldhu & satisfy !mselves t ! wireless sy/em is workable4 ,all ?is %[s ! company 0 n at t "t 9 a position to transact public bus9ess1 o!rwise ! ,po/-,(fice exp]ts w\ld h _h access to its /ation at ,poldhu4 ,! subsequ5t failure %[$ ! cont5tion ( ! ,po/-,(fice 0 correct4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( #aijc a transatlantic communication 0 e/abli%$ = a %ort "t & !n collaps$2 ! sy/em n hav+ be5 fully p]fect$1 ! company %\ld hesitate to aga9 make ! attempt until its plans are fully matur$4 ,z to ! future ( ! sy/em !re is n ! %ad[ ( a d\bt ( its ultimate success4 ,mean:ile ! ,m>coni ,company has arrang$ ) ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t ,telegraph ,sy/em & also ) ! lead+ ,telegraph companies 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada to int]*ange traffic4 ,n[ ne>ly all pass5g] /eam]s cross+ ! ,atlantic are equipp$ ) ! ,m>coni app>atus & are 9 a position :ile at sea to s5d & receive messages to & f all p>ts ( ! _w1 & ! company are do+ a pr(itable bus9ess ev5 n[ ) its limit$ area ( op]ations2 :at mu/ x be :5 !y %all h e/abli%$ communication ov] e sea & cont95t 9 ! _w4 ,?is w be accompli%$ 9 no v long lapse ( "t4 ,! m$ium ( communication provid$ by nature is ready & wait+ l a will+ /e$ to be h>ness$ = ! uses ( man4 ,! man s+l$ out by provid5ce to p]=m ?is sup]human task is ,signor ,guiglielmo ,m>coni4 ,wireless ,telegraphy ,app>atus4 ,electric waves h long be5 h>ness$ by ! use ( wires = s5d+ communications to a di/ance1 b ! e!r exi/s outside ( ! wire z well z )92 !re=e1 hav+ ! e!r ev]y:]e1 x mu/ be possible to produce waves 9 x :i* w pass any:]e on ! e>?'s surface1 & if ^! waves c be controll$1 messages c be transmitt$ z easily & c]ta9ly z ! e!r )9 ! guid+ wire4 ,! problem lay 9 produc+ suitable in/rum5ts to effect ?is result4 ,m>coni adopt$ a device inv5t$ by an ,italian nam$ ,calzec*i1 & improv$ by a ,fr5*man1 ,mr4 ,branley1 call$ ! coh]]1 :i* he greatly improv$4 ,?is in/rum5t is m]ely a small tube ( glass ab\t z big ar\nd z a lead p5cil & two in*es 9 l5g?2 ?is is plugg$ at ea* end ) silv]4 ,! plugs almo/ t\*+ )9 ! tube1 ! n>r[ space betwe5 is fill$ ) f9ely p[d]$ p>ticles ( nickel & silv]1 :i* possess ! prop]ty ( be+ alt]nately good & v bad conductors ( an electric curr5t or waves4 ,! waves t come f ! transmitt]1 p]haps a ?\s& or two ?\s& miles away1 are receiv$1 b are s weak t !y c\ld n ( !mselves actuate any ord9>y telegraph in/rum5t2 !y d1 h[ev]1 possess /r5g? en\gh to draw ! little fragm5ts ( silv] & nickel 9 ! coh]] toge!r 9 a cont9u\s pa?2 9 o!r words1 !y make ^! metal fil+s coh]e1 & ! mom5t !y coh]e !y become a good conductor = electricity1 & a curr5t f a local batt]y op]ates ! ,morse in/rum5ts4 ,!n a little tapp] actuat$ by ! same curr5t /rikes aga9/ ! coh]]1 ! p>ticles ( metal are sep>at$ or decoh]$1 becom+ in/antly a poor conductor & ?us /opp+ ! curr5t f ! home batt]y2 ano!r wave comes ?r\gh space into ! coh]] !re draw+ ! p>ticles aga9 toge!r & ano!r dot or da% is pr9t$4 ,all ^! processes are cont9u$ rapidly until a complete message is receiv$4 ,! s5d+ in/rum5t1 or transmitt]1 is call$ ! oscillator1 a device some:at simil> to ! famili> ,morse telegraph key4 ,m>coni is n[ employ$ 9 p]fect+ an in/rum5t by :i* ! /ation only ) :i* communication is desir$ c he> ! signal1 & receive ! message4 ,?us ! requir$ secrecy w be pres]v$4 ,m>coni has pat5t$ ov] a hundr$ devices 9 connection ) wireless telegraphy1 b ! nature & application ( ^! has n be5 giv5 to ! public z yet4 ,?omas ,a4 ,edison's ,op9ion ( ,wireless ,telegraphy4 8,!re is absolutely no reason :y ,m>coni may n develop a spe$ ( #ejj words a m9ute 9 ! transmission ( translantic messages10 said ,?omas ,a4 ,edison 9 c\rse ( an int]view2 8on ! o!r h&10 cont9u$ ! inv5tor1 8!re are te*nical1 sci5tific & me*anical ob/acles :i* make x absolutely impossible to increase ! spe$ ( transmission ( ocean cables4 8,!re is n ! lea/ d\bt b t ! ,m>coni sy/em is successful4 ,all ?is talk ab\t lack ( secrecy & int]ception ( messages is nons5se4 ,at lea/ t5 m5 "k ! cont5ts ( e cable message1 & none ( !m receive v high sal>y4 ,p]sonally ,i h no d\bt :atev] t ! ,m>coni sy/em is bo? a comm]cial & sci5tific success40 ,a ,cable ,manag]'s ,views ( ,wireless ,telegraphy4 ,at ! annual meet+ ( ! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company on ,m>* #c1 #aijc1 ,mr4 ,w>d1 ! ,vice-,presid5t & ,g5]al ,manag]1 ref]r+ to wireless telegraphy1 said3 8,at ! la/ annual meet+ "s rem>ks 7 made by me 9 reg>d to wireless telegraphy & its effects ^u subm>9e cables4 ,we see no reason to *ange ! op9ion express$ at t "t4 8,admitt+ ! rec5t transmission ( a message across ! ,atlantic )\t wires1 radical improvem5ts w\ld h to be made 9 its developm5t be=e wireless telegraphy c\ld possibly hope to meet ! dem&s ( trade & comm]ce1 & engage 9 successful competition ) subm>9e cables4 8,a good deal has be5 said & adv]tis$ ab\t ! wireless sy/ems = ! pa/ ?ree ye>s4 ,z yet !re is no?+ to %[ t messages c be transmitt$ )\t wires ev5 across %ort di/ances ) any?+ ( ! regul>ity1 reliability1 correctness & secrecy at any "t & all "t dur+ ! day or night dem&$ ( ! pres5t telegraph sy/ems1 & necess>y = ! protection1 int]e/s & ! developm5t ( ! telegraph bus9ess4 8,fur!rmore1 ! transmission ( messages betwe5 ,european & ,am]ican coa/s ( ! ,atlantic is f> f con/itut+ a transatlantic s]vice z x exi/s to-day4 8,! ess5tial adjunct ( an ext5sive inl& sy/em = ! di/ribution & collection ( messages on ! ,nor? ,am]ican ,cont95t mu/ n be lo/ sight (4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! traffic pass+ by ! ,atlantic cables is de/9$ = places remote f ! seabo>d4 ,messages to & f ,*icago1 ,/ ,l\is1 ,san ,francisco1 ,montreal1 ,toronto1 ,w9nipeg1 ,ottawa1 ,vanc\v]1 etc41 require & receive transmission :i* are measur$ by m9utes4 ,?is important traffic w\ld be practically ext+ui%$ if ! s5d] c\ld n rely on extremely rapid & accurate s]vice4 8,= ! b5efit ( ^? :o d n %>e my confid5ce ,i may say t ! e!ric waves w be z ob$i5t to u z to anybody1 if x %\ld ev] be f\nd practicable to disp5se ) cables & wires4 8,on ! o!r h&1 we h n be5 /&+ /ill 9 ! matt] ( improvem5ts4 8,! ,comm]cial ,cable ,company w ma9ta9 its pre-em95ce1 & has no?+ to dread f ! competition ( wire or wireless telegraphy4 ,at ! same "t we are satisfi$ x has its limits40 ,an ,int]view ) ,signor ,m>coni4 ,! foll[+ int]e/+ int]view _h ) ,signor ,m>coni by a repres5tative ( ! ,montreal ,/>1 ,sept4 #aj1 #aijc1 is wor? reproduc+3-- 8,seat$ 9 ! rotunda ( ! ,w9dsor ,hotel to-day 0 a slightly built man ) a ke5 expressive face & grey eyes t fla%$ incessantly4 ,probably n "o ( ! gue/s t ?rong$ ! spaci\s lobby 0 aw>e t ! little man sitt+ !re s quietly 0 ,signor ,guiglielmo ,m>coni1 ! #8,wiz>d ( ! ,wireless4' 8,signor ,m>coni rea*$ ! city e>ly to-day f ,new ,york1 :]e he has be5 = ! pa/ t5 days4 ,he is n[ on 8 way to ,ottawa1 :]e he is to h an int]view ) ! ,gov]nm5t 9 reg>d to 8 future plans4 ,:5 approa*$ by a ,/> report] ,signor ,m>coni *att$ pleasantly ( ^? plans & gave "s int]e/+ in=mation ( :at _h be5 done 9 ! pa/ & ! prospects ( ! future4 8,he speaks ,engli% flu5tly ) a slight acc5t1 & appe>s to be m eag] to int]view ?an be int]view$4 8#8,i am glad to be 9 ,canada once m1' said ! di/+ui%$ inv5tor4 #8,canadians h always be5 extremely int]e/$ 9 my "w & ,i am beg9n+ to feel q at home :5 ,i get "h4' 8#8,d y "k1' he said ) a smile1 #8t ?is is my f\r? visit to ,canada8' 8#8,:at is ! object ( y\r pres5t visit to ,canada8' 8#8,i am "h p>tly on a holiday trip & p>tly on bus9ess4 ,i am leav+ = ,ottawa to-night1 & :ile !re ,i %all g into a matt] ,i h long be5 consid]+1 b :i* z yet ,i h n be5 able to accompli%1 namely1 ! e/abli%m5t ( ,canadian /ations = ! transmission ( ov]l& messages4 ,^! /ations w rea* f ! ,atlantic to ! ,pacific1 & ,i hope t 9 a %ort "t ! wireless sy/em ( telegraph+ communications w be ?or\ghly te/$ & p]fect$ ov]l&4 8#8,9 case ,i obta9 ! p]mission ,i desire1 ,i %all beg9 op]ations z soon z possible1 & ,canada w (f] exceptional advantages = ! te/+ ( ! sy/em by reason ( its trem5d\s di/ances4' 8#8,x is m]ely a matt] ( "t1 !n1 be=e ^! /ations are built & exp]im5ts begun8' 8#8,yes1 m]ely a matt] ( "t4 ,!re is "o po9t 9 reg>d to wireless telegraphy t ! g5]al public d n seem to grasp q1 & t po9t is ! l5g? ( "t t mu/ be tak5 up by ! incessant private exp]im5ts 9 ord] t ! sy/em may be p]fect$4 ,"o _c g at matt]s ( ?is sort too quickly2 ea* /ep has to be ?\ght out c>efully1 & (t5 weeks are sp5t 9 p]fect+ "s little detail2 ! progress ( ! "w is1 !re=e1 sl[4' 8#8,c y tell me any?+ ( ! negotiations y are conduct+ ) ! ,briti% ,admiralty8' 8#8,all ,i c say is t a contract betwe5 myself & ! ,briti% ,admiralty has already be5 sign$ & seal$ = ! adoption ( ! ,m>coni sy/em on all ! %ips ( ! navy4 ,sixty-?ree ( ! battle%ips are already fitt$ up ) ! app>atus & ! :ole ( ! navy is to be equipp$4' 8#8,! t]ms ( ! contract w all[ me to use ! diff]5t /ations ( ! navy = ! erection ( my receiv+ /ation & my ma/s2 negotiations h be5 go+ on = "s "t1 & n[ ev]y?+ is arrang$ & ! ,briti% navy w be equipp$ ) ! ,m>coni wireless app>atus4' 8,! di/+ui%$ inv5tor !n gave a v lucid description ( ! effectiv5ess ( ! wireless ag5cy ov] m>9e areas2 ! unbrok5 surface ( ! ocean enabl$ great di/ances to be obta9$4 8,9 reg>d to ! ov]l& s]vice1 if ! l& 0 l[ ly+1 ! same conditions prevail$ z at sea4 ,ov] tracts1 :]e ! usual div]sifi$ topographical features 7 f\nd1 ! pot5cy ( ! vibrations might be r$uc$4 ,! vibrations seem$ to rea* f>!r 9 fogs ?an 9 a cle> atmosph]e1 b1 z a rule1 atmosph]ic conditions did n appe> to affect ! transmission ( messages4 ,9 reg>d to ! location ( /ations ,signor ,m>coni said t proximity to ! sea 0 desirable = a /ation1 z "s geological =mations 7 p]v]se & o!rs responsive4 8,be=e 8 return to ,engl& he w\ld visit ,cape ,breton & 8 ,receiv+ ,/ation at ,glace ,bay4 8,he expect$ to be 9 ,canada = "s weeks4 8,signor ,m>coni spoke ( ! voyage he made on ! #8,campania' a few days ago4 ,on t trip ! #8,campania' 0 9 con/ant t\* ) ,poldhu until ne>+ ! ,coa/ ( ,am]ica1 :5 %e pick$ up ! ,n>raganset ,/ation4 8,?r\gh\t ! voyage a daily bullet9 0 issu$ ( ! _w's lead+ ev5ts1 & ! result ( ! ya*t races 7 kn[n on bo>d a few m9utes aft] ! conclusion ( ! v>i\s races4 8,a few m9utes' *at ) ! #8wiz>d' is conv9c+ pro( t ! di/+ui%$ inv5tor has implicit fai? 9 ! future ( 8 sy/em4 8,! great tone ( assurance 9 :i* he speaks is only equall$ by ! mode/ way 9 :i* he ref]s to ! m>vell\s results t h be5 obta9$ already40 ,! ,trip ( ! ,,ss4 8,m9neapolis40 8,signor ,m>coni has scor$ ano!r triumph ) 8 wireless telegraphy4 8,! pass5g]s on ! ,atlantic ,transport ,company's /eam%ip #8,m9neapolis1' :i* rea*$ ,london on ,tuesday1 enjoy$ ! di/9ction ( be+ ! fir/ transatlantic travell]s to keep 9 t\* ) ! re/ ( ! _w ?r\gh\t _! voyage f ! ,new to ! ,old ,_w4 8,! #8,m9neapolis' left ,new ,york on ,janu>y #ca1 & = five days kept 9 t\* ) ! ,cape ,cod ,/ation2 aft] t ! wireless plant began to respond to ! messages at ,cornwall4 8,! v>y+ phases ( ! ,v5ezuelan "q1 ! dome/ic tr\bles ( ,european pot5tates1 ! def9ition ( true philan?ropy by ,john ,e4 ,rockfell]1 jun41 ,k+ ,edw>d's illness1 ! conte/ = ! ,fair millions1 ! hurricane t de/roy$ #a1jjj inhabitants ( ! ,society ,isl&s1 ,sir ,?omas' late/ plans1 ,c\nt ,montesqui\s' ,new ,york debut1 ! late/ gossip f ,wa%+ton & ,/4 ,james'1 ^! 7 among ! tit-bits ( news t v>i$ ! monotony to ocean travel4 8,:5 ! ,engli% pilot pick$ up ! #8,m9neapolis' 8 two-day old newspap]s 7 accept$ ) disda91 & he 0 in=m$ ( ! late/ news t _h be5 fla%$ to ! l9]40 ,valuable ,use ( ,m>coni ,sy/em made by ,disabl$ ,/eam]4 ,que5/[n1 ,dec4 #aj1 #aijc4 ,! saloon pass5g]s ( ! /eam] 8,kroonl&0 are en?usia/ic ov] ! utility ( ! ,m>coni wireless telegraph sy/em1 by means ( :i* news ( ! accid5t to t %ip 0 receiv$ "h ye/]day4 ,! breakd[n ( ! /e]+ app>atus occurr$ at noon ,tuesday1 :5 ! 8,kroonl&0 0 #acj miles we/ ( ,fa/net4 ,capta9 ,daxrud imm$iately s5t to ,crookhav5 a wireless message to ! ag5ts ( ! l9e at ,antw]p describ+ ! damage & in=m+ !m t ! /eam] mu/ ab&on h] voyage4 ,a reply 0 receiv$ )9 an h\r & a half4 ,:]eupon ,capta9 ,daxrud compli$ ) ! in/ructions s5t to him to return to ,que5/[n4 ,mean:ile1 ?ree-f\r?s ( ! saloon pass5g]s & a numb] ( ^? 9 ! second cab9 s5t wireless messages to fri5ds 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,great ,brita9 & ,europe1 & _m ( !m receiv$ replies be=e ,fa/net 0 sight$ f ! /eam]4 ,"s ( ! wireless messages 7 cabl$ to ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 "s cases ! s5d]s ask$ fri5ds = money1 & ! replies au?oriz+ ! purs] to advance funds to !m1 :i* 0 done be=e l& 0 sight$4 ,! 8,kroonl&'s0 tw9 screws /e]$ ! %ip easily1 ! only diff]5ce be+ /eam 0 r$uc$4 ,ano!r ,use ( ,wireless ,telegraphy4 ,new ,york1 ,oct4 #ag1 #aijc4 ,wireless telegraphy 0 successfully us$ 9 trac+ lo/ baggage on ! la/ outw>d trip ( ! ,r$ ,/> ,l9] 8,f9l&10 on ,oct #aj4 ,a pass5g]1 :o discov]$ "s "t aft] ! /eam]'s dep>ture1 t he left "s baggage beh9d on ! dock1 communicat$ ) ! (ficials at ! ,pi] ?r\gh ! ,m>coni ,/ation at ,babylon1 ,l4,i41 & 9 tw5ty m9utes receiv$ a reply t ! baggage _h be5 f\nd & w\ld be =w>d$ by ! next /eam]4 ,a ,newspap]'s ,op9ion ( ,wireless ,telegraphy4 ,! ,montreal ,witness1 9 its issue ,nov4 #ah1 #aijc1 says3 8,:atev] may be ! actual a*ievem5t ( ! ,m>coni wireless sy/em1 s f> z telegraph+ across ! ,atlantic is conc]n$1 t sy/em is n[ an assur$ success 9 communicat+ f %ip to %ip & f %ips to ligh?\ses on ! coa/s4 ,9 ?is respect ! sy/em has pass$ ! /age ( sci5tific curiosity & has become a necessity4 ,! ,cun>d & ,allan ,l9es n[1 = in/ance1 are able to communicate ) /ations e/abli%$ on ! s\? & nor?we/ coa/s ( ,irel&1 s t _! own]s z #8,syr5 & ,%ipp+' puts x1 are no long] 9 a qu&>y dur+ bad or ?ick wea!r z to :e!r _! boats are call+ at ,que5/[n or at ,moville1 z ! case may be4 ,! ,m>coni sy/em 0 fir/ in/all$ ^u ! #8,lucania1' & s satisfi$ 7 ! ,cun>d p ) results t x is n[ 9 regul> op]ation on ! #8,campania1' #8,etruria1' #8,umbria1' #8,iv]nia1' #8,saxonia1' #8,aurania' & #8,c>po?ia4' 8,o!r %ipp+ l9es h simil>ly f\nd ! ,m>coni sy/em indisp5sable1 s t n[ x is q an ord9>y occurr5ce = a %ip on ! ,nor? ,atlantic to be 9 electrical communication ) pass+ /eam]s or ! %ore dur+ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! voyage4 8,su* rem>kable success z already atta9$ is suffici5t w>rant = ! g5]al belief t ?is sy/em ( a]ial telegraphy is b 9 its initial /ages1 & t its comm]cial success ov] wid] spaces is only a "q ( "t4 ,pres5tly ! sy/em w be us$ on ! ,canadian ,coa/ l9e1 & !n x is hop$ t %ipwreck caus$ by want ( k ( locality w be l>gely a ?+ ( ! pa/40 ,wireless ,telegraphy4 ,!re has be5 no ann\ncem5t 9 connection ) sci5ce ( rec5t date :i* has su* an important mean+ z ! v mode/ /atem5t rec5tly made by ,signor ,m>coni to ! memb]s ( ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,london4 ,8 discov]ies 9 connection ) wireless telegraphy h exce$$ ! expectations ( _m ( ! greate/ sci5ti/s ( ! day :o gave him all cr$it = ! "w :i* he _h done1 b c\ld n br+ !mselves to believe t he c\ld p]fect 8 sy/em )9 s brief a "t4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal h&icaps :i* ,mr4 ,m>coni has endeavor$ to ov]come has be5 t ( rapid & reliable transmission ( messages4 ,= a "t he f\nd x v difficult to me*anically record messages :i* 7 transmitt$ ) high spe$4 ,x necessitat$ ! use ( a telephone receiv] :i* meant t ! op]ator might take d[n ! message1 b !re 0 no me*anical record :i* w\ld cause a mi/ake 9 receiv+ x to be in/antly detect$4 ,mr4 ,m>coni says3 8,i h p]fect$ a receiv] :i* w p]mit ! transmission & receiv+ ( messages at ! rate ( #ajj words p] m9ute on an ord9>y ,:eat/one record]4 ,?is obviates ! difficulty ( rely+ ^u ! op]ator to take ! message by s\nd & p]mits ( a d\ble record ( e message receiv$40 ,! ability to transmit & correctly receive wireless messages at ?is rate means t ?is late/ inv5tion ( sci5ce is n[ 9 a position :]eby x c compete on ev5 t]ms ) ! great telegraph & cable s]vices ( ! _w4 ,mr4 ,m>coni fur!r /at$ t 8 new inv5tion fur!r comb9$ accuracy ) absolute reliability1 & x means t ! future developm5t ( wireless telegraphy has receiv$ an impetus :i* w c>ry x into a broad] field ?an has h]et(ore be5 cons]vatively look$ =1 & t ?is unlimit$ possibility c & w be made an actuality 9 ! imm$iate future4 ,no m important ann\ncem5t c\ld be made at ?is "t :5 ,mr4 ,m>coni is ab\t to in/all ! new1 high-p[]$ app>atus :i* w all[ un9t]rupt$ communication betwe5 ,glace ,bay1 ,nova ,scotia & ,poldhu1 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ss4 ,,p>isian4 ,wireless ,telegraphy on ! ,,ss4 8,p>isian40 ,?r\gh ! c\rtesy ( ,major ,fi%back1 ,canadian ,manag] = ! ,m>coni ,telegraph ,company1 ! writ] _h p]mission to visit ! ,m>coni ,cab9 on ! ,,ss4 8,p>isian0 9 ord] to le>n ! modus op]&i ( wireless telegraph at sea4 ,on bo>d+ ! %ip ! fir/ object noticeable is a wire lead+ f ! cab9 to ! peak ( ! ma9 ma/ end+ 9 a triangul> =m1 connect+ ! app>atus ) ! e!r & ano!r wire to ! %ip's hold go+ to e>?4 ,mr4 ,mc,gee1 ! "y man 9 *>ge1 politely po9t$ out & expla9$ ! uses ( ! v>i\s appliances compris+ ! ,m>coni outfit4 ,fir/ 0 a l>ge ,rum=d coil1 a glass cyl9d] ?r\gh :i* ! electric sp>k 0 dis*>g$ & a key or transmitt] con/itut+ ! s5d+ app>atus4 ,second1 on ! left 0 a l>ge oblong box conta9+ ! coh]]1 ! *ief in/rum5t 9 wireless telegraphy1 & 9 ! c5tre an automatic self-ink+ ,morse regi/] ) an al>m bell atta*m5t1 ^! be+ ! receiv+ in/rum5ts1 & und]nea? ! accumulators or /orage batt]ies & six cells ( a home batt]y to "w ! ,morse in/rum5t4 ,:5 ! key 0 depress$ = an in/ant a bright electric sp>k emitt$ f ! contact po9ts 9 ! glass cyl9d]1 giv+ a h>d hiss+ s\nd2 ?is impr9t$ a dot on ! regi/]1 & a long] impression m>k$ a l9e1 ! two =m+ ! lett] 8a0 ( ! ,morse alphabet4 ,! *>act]s or code us$ by ! wireless sy/em is :at is kn[n z ! ,european or ,cont95tal ,code1 t is ! spac$ lett]s are elim9at$ & dots & l9es sub/itut$ ! same z ! cable sy/em4 ,all ! vessels equipp$ ) ,m>coni app>atus on ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce r\te h a capacity ( eighty miles' transmission1 b a possible "o hundr$ & tw5ty1 ?is di/ance be+ deem$ great en\gh = all practical purposes4 ,on ! ,new ,york & ,liv]pool r\te ! /eam%ips h a mu* m ext5sive equipm5t1 :i* enables !m to keep 9 t\* ) ! "o side ( ! ,atlantic or ! o!r dur+ ! entire voyage4 ,! co/ ( ! ,m>coni equipm5t ( ! =m] av]ages #bjj--or #a1jjj4 ,five ,m>coni /ations h be5 erect$ on ! ,l[] ,/4 ,lawr5ce dur+ ! pres5t summ] & a fair1 pr(itable traffic c>ri$ on s f>4 ,^! /ations w be clos$ dur+ ! w9t]1 b a /ation is be+ erect$ at ,cape ,race1 ,nfld41 :i* w be op5 ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,! rates *>g$ is two doll>s = t5 words & twelve c5ts = ea* additional ^w plus cable or l& l9e rates4 ,mr4 ,mc,gee in=m$ me ! 8,p>isian0 0 envelop$ 9 a d5se fog :5 9 ! vic9ity ( ,belle ,isle on h] inw>d trip4 ,! capta9 0 surpris$ at n he>+ ! fog syr5 & ! ,m>coni /ation 0 communicat$ ) to le>n ! reason4 ,a response imm$iately came t ! fog horn _h be5 & 0 !n bl[+ s9ce ! fog _h fall51 ?us %[+ ! %ip 0 out ( range & 9 safety4 ,_m pass5g]s took occasion to ,m>conigram fri5ds ( _! :]eab\ts & _! probable arrival at ,montreal4 ,pass5g]s by ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce r\te are n[ enabl$ to communicate ) fri5ds ?ree days aft] dep>ture & be=e arrival at ,montreal by means ( ! ,m>coni telegraph sy/em4 ,all ! ,m>coni /ations are connect$ ) ! ,canadian telegraphs4 ,mr4 ,mc,gee also /at$ ?is 0 8 fir/ trip z op]ator ) ! ,m>coni ,company4 ,he _h att5d$ ! company's ,in/ructive ,s*ool 9 ,london = a p]iod ( ?ree mon?s1 at ! end ( :i* "t he 0 consid]$ duly qualifi$ & 0 appo9t$ to ! 8,p>isian40 ,?is %[s ! wond]ful & my/]i\s wireless telegraphy is acquir$ m rapidly ?an ! ,morse sy/em1 :i* takes f six mon?s to "o ye> to become fairly pr(ici5t4 ,! op]ations ( ! "o is v simil> to ! o!r2 ea* %ip or /ation has an individual call or signal1 & %\ld ! curr5t affect any in/rum5ts )9 range1 no att5tion is giv5 unless its own p>ticul> signal is he>d4 ,_m objections h be5 rais$ aga9/ wireless telegraphy1 = ! reason t any "o ) a wireless outfit c\ld int]cept a message4 ,! v same ?+ c be done on l& by any compet5t op]ator if he feels incl9$ to gratify 8 curiosity & incur ! p5alty = s do+4 ,tak5 altoge!r1 ! wireless sy/em on %ipbo>d w prove an imm5se conv5i5ce to ocean travell]s & %ipp+ int]e/s1 & w ensure great] safety to bo? life & prop]ty4 ,! ,future ( ,wireless ,telegraphy4 ,:51 at ! close ( #aija1 ,m>coni fir/ ann\nc$ to ! _w 8 m>vell\s a*ievem5t t he _h receiv$ a signal f ,poldhu at ,/4 ,john's1 ,nfld41 _m 7 incr$ul\s & d\bt$ its possibility1 ev5 _m sci5tific m5 7 sceptical & sugge/$ _m reasons :y !re might be an error 9 ! exp]im5t made4 ,among/ ^! 7 ,edison1 ,graham1 ,bell1 ,sir ,wm4 ,preece & o!rs b1 :5 ! facts became kn[n1 all _h to admit ! success ( ! exp]im5t & ! accuracy ( ,m>coni's /atem5t4 ,mr4 ,edison became a w>m believ] 9 wireless telegraphy1 & is n[ id5tifi$ ) its developm5t4 ,soon aft] ?is triumph ( ! "y ,italian1 ! voice ( ! company promot] 0 he>d 9 ! l&4 ,a wireless telegraph company 0 organiz$ 9 ,engl&4 ,?is company _h ! audacity to claim an exclusive monopoly to op]ate ! ,m>coni sy/em1 b ?is ! ,briti% au?orities refus$ to grant4 ,foll[+ ?is a company 0 =m$ = ! same purpose 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & "o 9 ,canada1 ^! be+ all m or less co-relat$4 ,! pr9cipal object be+ to e/abli% wireless communication betwe5 ,europe & ,am]ica1 a wireless /ation 0 erect$ at ,glace ,bay1 ,cape ,breton & "o at ,cape ,cod1 ,mass41 e>ly 9 #aijc4 ,:5 ^! 7 complet$ communication 0 = a %ort "t c>ri$ on4 ,a congratulatory message f ,presid5t ,roosevelt to ,k+ ,edw>d 0 transmitt$ & a reply return$ by ! ,k+1 b ! sy/em broke d[n & x has s rema9$4 ,mr4 ,m>coni has be5 7ev] s9ce ! mi%ap7 devot+ 8 inv5tive g5ius to ! p]fect+ ( 8 devices1 &1 x is believ$1 transatlantic communication w be once m re-e/abli%$ )9 a v %ort p]iod4 ,mean:ile1 ^! companies are n /&+ /ill1 b are v busily engag$ 9 equipp+ pass5g] /eam%ips ) ,m>coni wireless in/rum5ts1 enabl+ vessels to communicate ) ea* o!r or ) ! /ations on l& on ei!r side ( ! ,atlantic4 ,! wireless telegraph bus9ess is con/antly increas+ & becom+ v lucrative4 ,traffic is n[ int]*ang$ betwe5 ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t telegraph l9es1 ! ,am]ican & ,canadian telegraph companies & ! wireless companies1 s t a message c n[ be s5t f any telegraph /ation to a p]son abo>d %ip1 or vice v]sa1 by paym5t ( ! tolls requir$ = ea* company's s]vice4 ,?is seems to be naturally ! prop] sph]e = wireless telegraphy4 ,9 "t e %ip t floats1 :e!r naval or m]cantile1 w ev5tually be in/all$ ) ,m>coni app>atus4 ,?is %\ld be made "o ( ! conditions ( insurance1 if n compulsory4 ,z f> z be+ successful competitors ) exi/+ l& or cable telegraph sy/ems1 x is m ?an d\btful1 except 9 places :]e no o!r telegraph sy/em c be ma9ta9$4 ,wireless telegraphy = a long "t to come w m]ely be auxili>y or supplem5t>y to ! l& & cable sy/ems1 & mutually b5eficial to ea* in/ead ( be+ antagoni/ic4 ,! wireless sy/em ( telegraphy w be ( imm5se b5efit to ,canadian %ipp+ int]e/s ow+ to ! long /ret* ( riv] navigation f ,montreal to ! ,gulf4 ,sev]al m9or /ations h be5 erect$ rec5tly on ! ,l[] ,/4 ,lawr5ce & are n[ work+ satisfactorily4 ,! ,canadian ,gov]nm5t recogniz$ ! importance ( wireless telegraphy 9 its inception & grant$ ,m>coni a sub/antial sum to enable him to build 8 wireless /ation at ,glace ,bay4 ,! public h>dly yet realize its great possibilities4 ,dom9ion ,wireless ,telegraph ,company1 ,limit$4 ,,pr9cipal ,,(fice3 #afj ,,/4 ,,james ,,/reet1 ,,montreal4 ,,capital ,,/ock1 #a1bjj1jjj4 ,,p> ,,value1 #e4 ,?is company proposes to build & op]ate /ations at all important po9ts 9 ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada & d a g5]al telegraphic bus9ess betwe5 /ations 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or else:]e1 own$ or controll$ by ! ,am]ican ,de,forest ,wireless ,telegraph ,company or any ( _! subsidi>y companies4 ,x w also build & op]ate /ations on bo? ! ,atlantic & ,pacific ,coa/s = transmission ( messages abroad1 & w "w 9 h>mony ) l /ations built by =eign ,de,forest companies1 w erect & op]ate /ations along all ( ! important riv]s1 gulfs & lakes1 z well z on ! sea coa/1 & w equip vessels ) ,wireless ,telegraph in/rum5ts1 keep+ !m 9 t\* ) _! home (fice until _! de/9ation has be5 rea*$4 ,?is company proposes to erect & op]ate /ations z foll[s3 ,,ont>io4 ,b>rie ,belleville ,b]l9 ,brant=d ,brockville ,*a?am ,cob\rg ,coll+wood ,cornwall ,=t ,william ,galt ,guelph ,hamilton ,+]soll ,k+/on ,l9dsay ,london ,niag>a ,falls ,orillia ,ottawa ,ow5 ,s\nd ,pet]boro ,port ,ar?ur ,port ,hope ,rat ,portage ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie ,smi?'s ,falls ,/4 ,ca?>9es ,/4 ,?omas ,/rat=d ,toronto ,w9dsor ,wood/ock ,,quebec4 ,f>nham ,fras]ville ,granby ,hull ,la*9e ,levis ,montreal ,p]ce ,quebec ,ri*mond ,rim\ski ,%]brooke ,sorel ,/4 ,hyac9! ,/4 ,j]ome ,/4 ,johns ,/4 ,pi're ,montmagny ,?ree ,riv]s ,valleyfield ,,new ,,brunswick4 ,*a?am ,fr$]icton ,moncton ,/4 ,john ,,nova ,,scotia4 ,amh]/ ,halifax ,d>tm\? ,lun5burg ,new ,glasg[ ,truro ,sydney ,y>m\? ,,pr9ce ,,edw>d ,,isl&4 ,*>lottet[n ,summ]side ,,manitoba4 ,br&on ,portage ,la ,prairie ,we/ ,selkirk ,w9nipeg ,,nor?we/ ,,t]ritories4 ,calg>y ,reg9a ,edmonton ,moose ,jaw ,m$ic9e ,hat ,,briti% ,,columbia4 ,gr& ,=ks ,rossl& ,kamloops ,vanc\v] ,nelson ,victoria ,new ,we/m9/] ,f]nie ,,yukon ,dawson ,?us br++ n only e important po9t 9 ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada 9 t\* by wireless telegraphy1 b also ,europe1 ?r\gh ! /ation to be erect$ at ,halifax1 & ,asia f /ations on ,vanc\v] ,isl&4 ,all d\bts ( ! practicability ( wireless telegraphy may n[ be ab&on$4 ,^! new competitors mu/ be some:at disconc]t+ to manag]s & %>ehold]s ( ! old] sy/ems ( telegraphy1 b !y w no d\bt prove equal to ! problems confront+ !m & ma9ta9 _! asc5d5cy z h]et(ore4 ,,errata ,page #c = employ$ read enjoy$ 0 #aj = lo/ read la/ 0 #eb second l9e f foot read3 ,! fir/ telegraph (fice 9 ,wa%+ton 0 9 a 0 #ed = "y man read "y woman 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note3 ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ?is book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 occasional unpair$ quotation m>ks 7 reta9$4 ,on sev]al l9es1 ! fir/ or la/ lett] 0 n pr9t$4 ,^? h be5 rem$i$ "h4 ,orig9al text uses bo? 8,s&=d ,flem+0 & 8,san=d ,flem+04 ,! =m] is correct & is us$ ?r\gh\t ?is e,book4 ,orig9al text uses bo? 8,branley0 & 8,branly02 bo? reta9$ "h4 ,orig9al text conta9s :at appe> to be num]\s spell+ errors ( words & names t only occur once4 ,s9ce !y c\ld reflect accept$ practices at ! 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