,,colour ,,in ,,the ,,flower ,,garden ,illustration3 ,,white ,,lilies4 ,,the ,,country ,,life ,,library ,,colour ,,in ,,the ,,flower ,,garden ,,by ,,gertrude ,,jekyll ,illustration3 ,a bunch of flowers4 ,,published ,,by ,,country ,,life1 ,,ltd4 ,,george ,,newnes1 ,,ltd4 #bj1 ,,tavistock ,,street #g-ab1 ,,southampton ,,st4 ,,covent ,,garden1 ,w4,c4 ,,covent ,,garden1 ,w4,c4 #aijh ,,introduction ,to plant and maintain a flower-border1 with a good scheme for colour1 is by no means the easy thing that is commonly supposed4 ,i believe that the only way in which it can be made successful is to devote certain borders to certain times of year2 each border or garden region to be bright for from one to three months4 ,nothing seems to me more unsatisfactory than the border that in spring shows a few patches of flowering bulbs in ground otherwise looking empty1 or with tufts of herbaceous plants just coming through4 ,then the bulbs die down1 and their place is wanted for something that comes later4 ,either the ground will then show bare patches1 or the place of the bulbs will be forgotten and they will be cruelly stabbed by fork or trowel when it is wished to put something in the apparently empty space4 ,for many years ,i have been working at these problems in my own garden1 and having come to certain conclusions1 can venture to put them forth with some confidence4 ,i may mention that from the nature of the ground1 in its original state partly wooded and partly bare field1 and from its having been brought into cultivation and some sort of shape before it was known where the house now upon it would exactly stand1 the garden has less general unity of design than ,i should have wished4 ,the position and general form of its various portions were accepted mainly according to their natural conditions1 so that the garden ground1 though but of small extent1 falls into different regions1 with a general1 but not altogether definite1 cohesion4 ,i am strongly of opinion that the possession of a quantity of plants1 however good the plants may be themselves and however ample their number1 does not make a garden2 it only makes a collection4 ,having got the plants1 the great thing is to use them with careful selection and definite intention4 ,merely having them1 or having them planted unassorted in garden spaces1 is only like having a box of paints from the best colourman1 or1 to go one step further1 it is like having portions of these paints set out upon a palette4 ,this does not constitute a picture2 and it seems to me that the duty we owe to our gardens and to our own bettering in our gardens is so to use the plants that they shall form beautiful pictures2 and that1 while delighting our eyes1 they should be always training those eyes to a more exalted criticism2 to a state of mind and artistic conscience that will not tolerate bad or careless combination or any sort of misuse of plants1 but in which it becomes a point of honour to be always striving for the best4 ,it is just in the way it is done that lies the whole difference between commonplace gardening and gardening that may rightly claim to rank as a fine art4 ,given the same space of ground and the same material1 they may either be fashioned into a dream of beauty1 a place of perfect rest and refreshment of mind and body--a series of soul-satisfying pictures--a treasure of well-set jewels2 or they may be so misused that everything is jarring and displeasing4 ,to learn how to perceive the difference and how to do right is to apprehend gardening as a fine art4 ,in practice it is to place every plant or group of plants with such thoughtful care and definite intention that they shall form a part of a harmonious whole1 and that successive portions1 or in some cases even single details1 shall show a series of pictures4 ,it is so to regulate the trees and undergrowth of the wood that their lines and masses come into beautiful form and harmonious proportion2 it is to be always watching1 noting and doing1 and putting oneself meanwhile into closest acquaintance and sympathy with the growing things4 ,in this spirit1 the garden and woodland1 such as they are1 have been formed4 ,there have been many failures1 but1 every now and then1 ,i am encouraged and rewarded by a certain measure of success4 ,yet1 as the critical faculty becomes keener1 so does the standard of aim rise higher2 and1 year by year1 the desired point seems always to elude attainment4 ,but1 as ,i may perhaps have taken more trouble in working out certain problems1 and given more thought to methods of arranging growing flowers1 especially in ways of colour-combination1 than amateurs in general1 ,i have thought that it may be helpful to some of them to describe as well as ,i can by word1 and to show by plan and picture1 what ,i have tried to do1 and to point out where ,i have succeeded and where ,i have failed4 ,i must ask my kind readers not to take it amiss if ,i mention here that ,i cannot undertake to show it them on the spot4 ,i am a solitary worker2 ,i am growing old and tired1 and suffer from very bad and painful sight4 ,my garden is my workshop1 my private study and place of rest4 ,for the sake of health and reasonable enjoyment of life it is necessary to keep it quite private1 and to refuse the many applications of those who offer it visits4 ,my oldest friends can now only be admitted4 ,so ,i ask my readers to spare me the painful task of writing long letters of excuse and explanation2 a task that has come upon me almost daily of late years in the summer months1 that has sorely tried my weak and painful eyes1 and has added much to the difficulty of getting through an already over-large correspondence4 ,,contents ,,page ,,introduction v ,,chapter ,i ,a ,,march ,,study ,,and ,,the ,,border ,,of ,,early ,,bulbs #a ,,chapter ,,ii ,,the ,,wood #h ,,chapter ,,iii ,,the ,,spring ,,garden #ba ,,chapter ,,iv ,,between ,,spring ,,and ,,summer #cb ,,chapter ,v ,,the ,,june ,,garden #ci ,,chapter ,,vi ,,the ,,main ,,hardy ,,flower ,,border #di ,,chapter ,,vii ,,the ,,flower ,,border ,,in ,,july #eh ,,chapter ,,viii ,,the ,,flower ,,border ,,in ,,august #fe ,,chapter ,,ix ,,the ,,flower ,,borders ,,in ,,september #gh ,,chapter ,x ,,wood ,,and ,,shrubbery ,,edges #hc ,,chapter ,,xi ,,gardens ,,of ,,special ,,colouring #hi ,,chapter ,,xii ,,climbing ,,plants #ajf ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,grouping ,,of ,,plants ,,in ,,pots #aab ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,some ,,garden ,,pictures #aba ,,chapter ,,xv ,a ,,beautiful ,,fruit ,,garden #abg ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,planting ,,for ,,winter ,,colour #acc ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,form ,,in ,,planting #ach ,,index #adc ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,white ,,lilies ,frontispiece ,,iris ,,stylosa ,to face page #d ,,magnolia ,,conspicua #e ,,magnolia ,,stellata #f ,,ferns ,,in ,,the ,,bulb ,,border #g ,,the ,,bank ,,of ,,early ,,bulbs #g ,,daffodils ,,by ,a ,,woodland ,,path #aj ,,wild ,,primroses ,,in ,,thin ,,woodland #aa ,,the ,,wide ,,wood ,,path #ab ,,cistus ,,laurifolius #ac ,a ,,wood ,,path ,,among ,,chestnuts #ad ,a ,,wood ,,path ,,among ,,birches #ae ,,cistus ,,cyprius #af ,,cistus ,,by ,,the ,,wood ,,path #ag ,,gaultheria ,,shallon ,,in ,,flower #ah ,,gaultheria ,,shallon ,,in ,,fruit #ai ,,white ,,irish ,,heath #bj ,,the ,,spring ,,garden ,,from ,d ,,on ,,plan #ba ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,spring ,,garden #bc ,,the ,,fern-,,like ,,sweet ,,cicely #bd ,,the ,,spring ,,garden ,,from ,e ,,on ,,plan #be ,,further ,,rock ,,from ,g ,,on ,,plan #bh ,,further ,,rock ,,from ,h ,,on ,,plan #bi ,,near ,,rock ,,from ,f ,,on ,,plan #cj ,,the ,,primrose ,,garden #ca ,,steps ,,to ,,the ,,hidden ,,garden #cb ,,phlox ,,divaricata ,,and ,,arenaria ,,montana #cc ,,male ,,fern ,,in ,,the ,,hidden ,,garden #cd ,,exochorda ,,grandiflora #ce ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,hidden ,,garden #ce ,,euphorbia ,,wulfenii #cf ,,irises ,,and ,,lupines ,,in ,,the ,,june ,,garden #cg ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,garland ,,rose ,,at ,,the ,,angle #ci ,,rose ,,blush ,,gallica ,,on ,,dry ,,walling #db ,,spanish ,,iris #dc ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,june ,,garden #dd ,,plan ,,of ,,iris ,,and ,,lupine ,,borders #dd ,,white ,,tree ,,lupine #df ,,catmint ,,in ,,june #dg ,,scotch ,,briars #dh ,,geranium ,,ibericum ,,platyphyllum #di ,,the ,,flower ,,border ,,in ,,late ,,summer #ej ,,the ,,cross ,,walk #ea ,,the ,,east ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,flower ,,border #eb ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,main ,,flower ,,border #ec ,,good ,,staking--,,campanula ,,persicifolia #ed ,,careful ,,staking ,,of ,,michaelmas ,,daisies #ee ,,white ,,rose ,,la ,,guirlande2 ,,grey ,,borders ,,beyond #fj ,,clematis ,,recta #fa ,,delphinium ,,belladonna #fb ,,canterbury ,,bells #fc ,,rose ,,the ,,garland ,,in ,a ,,silver ,,holly #fd ,,eryngium ,,oliverianum #fe ,,tall ,,campanulas ,,in ,a ,,grey ,,border #ff ,,yucca ,,filamentosa #gj ,,the ,,grey ,,borders3 ,,stachys1 ,c4 #ga ,a ,,lavender ,,hedge #gd ,,sculus ,,and ,,olearia #ge ,,plan ,,of ,,garden ,,of ,,china ,,asters #gg ,,some ,,of ,,the ,,early ,,asters #gh ,,the ,,september ,,garden #gi ,,the ,,september ,,garden #hj ,,the ,,september ,,garden #hj ,,begonias ,,with ,,megasea ,,foliage #hj ,,early ,,asters ,,and ,,pyrethrum ,,uliginosum #ha ,,plan ,,of ,,september ,,borders #ha ,,garland ,,rose1 ,,where ,,garden ,,joins ,,wood #hd ,,polygonum ,,and ,,megasea ,,at ,a ,,wood ,,edge #hd ,,lilies ,,and ,,funkias ,,at ,a ,,shrubbery ,,edge #hd ,,olearia ,,gunni1 ,,fern ,,and ,,funkia #he ,,ferns ,,and ,,lilies ,,at ,a ,,shrubbery ,,edge #hf ,,gypsophila ,,and ,,megasea #hg ,,lilies ,,and ,,ferns ,,at ,,the ,,wood ,,edge #hh ,,small ,,wire-,,stemmed ,,aster2 ,,second ,,year #hh ,,small ,,wire-,,stemmed ,,aster2 ,,third ,,year #hh ,,stob,a ,,purpurea #hi ,,the ,,grey ,,borders3 ,,gypsophila1 ,,echinops1 ,c4 #ib ,,october ,,borders ,,of ,,michaelmas ,,daisies #ib ,a ,,september ,,grey ,,garden #ib ,,the ,,grey ,,border3 ,,pink ,,hollyhock1 ,c4 #ic ,,plans ,,of ,,special ,,colour ,,gardens #ic ,a ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,grey ,,september ,,garden #ajj ,,yuccas ,,and ,,grey ,,foliage #ajb ,a ,,front ,,edge ,,of ,,grey ,,foliage #ajc ,,hardy ,,grape ,,vine ,,on ,,south ,,side ,,of ,,house #ajf ,,hardy ,,grape ,,vine ,,on ,,house ,,wall #ajg ,,vine ,,and ,,fig ,,at ,,door ,,of ,,mushroom ,,house #ajh ,,clematis ,,montana ,,at ,,angle ,,of ,,court #ajh ,,clematis ,,montana ,,over ,,workshop ,,window #ajh ,,clematis ,,montana ,,trained ,,as ,,garlands #ajh ,,clematis ,,flammula ,,and ,,spir,a ,,lindleyana #ajh ,,abutilon ,,vitifolium #ajh ,,ipom,a ,,heavenly ,,blue #ajh ,,solanum ,,jasminoides #ajh ,,clematis ,,flammula ,,on ,,angle ,,of ,,cottage #ajh ,,clematis ,,flammula ,,on ,,cottage #aji ,,clematis ,,flammula ,,on ,a ,,wooden ,,fence #aaj ,,sweet ,,verbena #aaa ,,pot ,,plants ,,just ,,placed #aab ,,plants ,,in ,,pots ,,in ,,the ,,shaded ,,court #aab ,,maiden',s ,,wreath 7,,francoa ,,ramosa7 #aab ,,maiden',s ,,wreath ,,by ,,tank #aac ,,geraniums1 ,c41 ,,in ,a ,,stone-,,edged ,,bed #aaf ,,maiden',s ,,wreath ,,in ,,pots ,,above ,,tank #aaf ,,funkia1 ,,hydrangea ,,and ,,lily ,,in ,,the ,,shaded ,,court #aaf ,,funkia ,,and ,,lilium ,,speciosum #aag ,,lilium ,,auratum #abj ,a ,,tub ,,hydrangea #abj ,,steps ,,and ,,hydrangeas #abj ,,the ,,narrow ,,south ,,lawn #aba ,,hydrangea ,,tubs ,,and ,,birch-,,tree ,,seat #abd ,,hydrangea ,,tubs ,,and ,,nut ,,walk #abd ,,white ,,lilies #abd ,,the ,,steps ,,and ,,their ,,incidents #abe ,,plan--,,the ,,beautiful ,,fruit ,,garden #abi ,,plan--,a ,,wild ,,heath ,,garden #aci ,,colour ,,in ,,the ,,flower ,,garden ,,chapter ,i ,a ,,march ,,study ,,and ,,the ,,border ,,of ,,early ,,bulbs ,there comes a day towards the end of ,march when there is but little wind1 and that is from the west or even south-west4 ,the sun has gained much power1 so that it is pleasant to sit out in the garden1 or1 better still1 in some sunny nook of sheltered woodland4 ,there is such a place among silver-trunked ,birches1 with here and there the splendid richness of masses of dark ,holly4 ,the rest of the background above eye-level is of the warm bud-colour of the summer-leafing trees1 and1 below1 the fading rust of the now nearly flattened fronds of last year's ,bracken1 and the still paler drifts of leaves from neighbouring ,oaks and ,chestnuts4 ,the sunlight strikes brightly on the silver stems of the ,birches1 and casts their shadows clear-cut across the grassy woodland ride4 ,the grass is barely green as yet1 but has the faint winter green of herbage not yet grown and still powdered with the short remnants of the fine-leaved1 last-year-mown heath grasses4 ,brown leaves still hang on young ,beech and ,oak4 ,the trunks of the ,spanish ,chestnuts are elephant-grey1 a notable contrast to the sudden1 vivid shafts of the ,birches4 ,some groups of the pale early ,pyrenean ,daffodil gleam level on the ground a little way forward4 ,it is the year's first complete picture of flower-effect in the woodland landscape4 ,the place is not very far from the house1 in the nearest hundred yards of the copse2 where flowers seem to be more in place than further away4 ,looking to the left1 the long ridge and south slope of the house-roof is seen through the leafless trees1 though the main wall-block is hidden by the sheltering ,hollies and ,junipers4 ,coming down towards the garden by another broad grassy way1 that goes westward through the ,chestnuts and then turns towards the down-hill north1 there comes yet another deviation through ,rhododendrons and ,birches to the main lawn4 ,but before the last turn there is a pleasant mass of colour showing in the wood-edge on the dead-leaf carpet4 ,it is a straggling group of ,daphne ,mezereon1 with some clumps of red ,lent ,hellebores1 and1 to the front1 some half-connected patches of the common ,dog-tooth ,violet4 ,the nearly related combination of colour is a delight to the trained colour-eye4 ,there is nothing brilliant2 it is all restrained1 refined1 in harmony with the veiled light that reaches the flowers through the great clumps of ,hollies and tall half-overhead ,chestnuts and neighbouring ,beech4 ,the colours are all a little sad1 as the old writers so aptly say of the flower-tints of secondary strength4 ,but it is a perfect picture4 ,one comes to it again and again as one does to any picture that is good to live with4 ,to devise these living pictures with simple well-known flowers seems to me the best thing to do in gardening4 ,whether it is the putting together of two or three kinds of plants1 or even of one kind only in some happy setting1 or whether it is the ordering of a much larger number of plants1 as in a flower-border of middle and late summer1 the intention is always the same4 ,whether the arrangement is simple and modest1 whether it is obvious or whether it is subtle1 whether it is bold and gorgeous1 the aim is always to use the plants to the best of one's means and intelligence so as to form pictures of living beauty4 ,it is a thing that ,i see so rarely attempted1 and that seems to me so important1 that the wish to suggest it to others1 and to give an idea of examples that ,i have worked out1 in however modest a way1 is the purpose of this book4 ,these early examples within the days of ,march are of special interest because as yet flowers are but few2 the mind is less distracted by much variety than later in the year1 and is more readily concentrated on the few things that may be done and observed2 so that the necessary restriction is a good preparation1 by easy steps1 for the wider field of observation that is presented later4 ,now we pass on through the dark masses of ,rhododendron and the ,birches that shoot up among them4 ,how the silver stems1 blotched and banded with varied browns and greys so deep in tone that they show like a luminous black1 tell among the glossy ,rhododendron green2 and how strangely different is the way of growth of the two kinds of tree2 the tall white trunks spearing up through the dense1 dark1 leathery leaf-masses of solid1 roundish outline1 with their delicate network of reddish branch and spray gently swaying far overhead6 ,now we come to the lawn1 which slopes a little downward to the north4 ,on the right it has a low retaining-wall1 whose top line is level2 it bears up a border and pathway next the house's western face4 ,the border and wall are all of a piece1 for it is a dry wall partly planted with the same shrubby and half-shrubby things that are in the earth above4 ,they have been comforting to look at all the winter2 a pleasant grey coating of ,phlomis1 ,lavender1 ,rosemary1 ,cistus and ,santolina2 and at the end and angle where the wall is highest1 a mass of ,pyrus japonica1 planted both above and below1 already showing its rose-red bloom4 ,at one point at the foot of the wall is a strong tuft of ,iris stylosa whose first blooms appeared in ,november4 ,this capital plant flowers bravely all through the winter in any intervals of open weather4 ,it likes a sunny place against a wall in poor soil4 ,if it is planted in better ground the leaves grow very tall and it gives but little bloom4 ,illustration3 ,,iris ,,stylosa4 ,now we pass among some shrub-clumps1 and at the end come upon a cheering sight2 a tree of ,magnolia conspicua bearing hundreds of its great white cups of fragrant bloom4 ,just before reaching it1 and taking part with it in the garden picture1 are some tall bushes of ,forsythia suspensa1 tossing out many-feet-long branches loaded with their burden of clear yellow flowers4 ,they are ten to twelve feet high1 and one looks up at much of the bloom clear-cut against the pure blue of the sky2 the upper part of the ,magnolia also shows against the sky4 ,here there is a third flower-picture2 this time of warm white and finest yellow on brilliant blue1 and out in open sunlight4 ,among the ,forsythias is also a large bush of ,magnolia stellata1 whose milk-white flowers may be counted by the thousand4 ,as the earlier ,m4 conspicua goes out of bloom it comes into full bearing1 keeping pace with the ,forsythia1 whose season runs on well into ,april4 ,illustration3 ,,magnolia ,,conspicua4 ,it is always a little difficult to find suitable places for the early bulbs4 ,many of them can be enjoyed in rough and grassy places1 but we also want to combine them into pretty living pictures in the garden proper4 ,nothing seems to me more unsatisfactory than the usual way of having them scattered about in small patches in the edges of flower-borders1 where they only show as little disconnected dabs of colour1 and where they are necessarily in danger of disturbance and probable injury when their foliage has died down and their places are wanted for summer flowers4 ,it was a puzzle for many years to know how to treat these early bulbs1 but at last a plan was devised that seems so satisfactory that ,i have no hesitation in advising it for general adoption4 ,on the further side of a path that bounds my ,june garden is a border about seventy feet long and ten feet wide4 ,at every ten feet along the back is a larch post planted with a free-growing ,rose4 ,these are not only to clothe their posts but are to grow into garlands swinging on slack chains from post to post4 ,beyond are ,bamboos1 and then an old hedge-bank with ,scotch ,firs1 ,oaks1 ,thorns1 c4 ,the border slopes upwards from the path1 forming a bank of gentle ascent4 ,it was first planted with hardy ,ferns in bold drifts2 ,male ,fern for the most part1 because it is not only handsome but extremely persistent2 the fronds remaining green into the winter4 ,the ,fern-spaces are shown in the plan by diagonal hatching2 between them come the bulbs1 with a general edging to the front of mossy ,saxifrage4 ,the colour-scheme begins with the pink of ,megasea ligulata1 and with the lower-toned pinks of ,fumaria bulbosa and the ,dog-tooth ,violets 7,erythronium74 ,at the back of these are ,lent ,hellebores of dull red colouring1 agreeing charmingly with the colour of the bulbs4 ,a few white ,lent ,hellebores are at the end2 they have turned to greenish white by the time the rather late ,scilla amna is in bloom4 ,then comes a brilliant patch of pure blue with white--,scilla sibirica and white ,hyacinths1 followed by the also pure blues of ,scilla bifolia and ,chionodoxa and the later1 more purple-blue of ,grape ,hyacinth4 ,a long drift of white ,crocus comes next1 in beauty in the border's earliest days2 and later1 the blue-white of ,puschkinia2 then again pure blue and white of ,chionodoxa and white ,hyacinth4 ,now the colours change to white and yellow and golden foliage1 with the pretty little pale trumpet ,daffodil ,consul ,crawford1 and beyond it the stronger yellow of two other small early kinds--,n4 nanus and the charming little ,n4 minor1 quite distinct though so often confounded with nanus in gardens4 ,with these1 and in other strips and patches towards the end of the border1 are plantings of the ,golden ,valerian1 so useful for its bright yellow foliage quite early in the year4 ,the leaves of the ,orange ,day-lily are also of a pale yellowish green colour when they first come up1 and are used at the end of the border4 ,these plants of golden and pale foliage are also placed in a further region beyond the plan1 and show to great advantage as the eye enfilades the border and reaches the more distant places4 ,before the end of the bulb-border is reached there is once more a drift of harmonised faint pink colouring of ,megasea and the little ,fumaria 7also known as ,corydalis bulbosa7 with the pale early ,pyrenean ,daffodil1 ,n4 pallidus prcox4 ,the bulb-flowers are not all in bloom exactly at the same time1 but there is enough of the colour intended to give the right effect in each grouping4 ,standing at the end1 just beyond the ,dog-tooth ,violets1 the arrangement and progression of colour is pleasant and interesting1 and in some portions vivid2 the pure blues in the middle spaces being much enhanced by the yellow flowers and golden foliage that follow4 ,through ,april and ,may the leaves of the bulbs are growing tall1 and their seed-pods are carefully removed to prevent exhaustion4 ,by the end of ,may the ,ferns are throwing up their leafy crooks2 by ,june the feathery fronds are displayed in all their tender freshness2 they spread over the whole bank1 and we forget that there are any bulbs between4 ,by the time the ,june garden1 whose western boundary it forms1 has come into fullest bloom it has become a completely furnished bank of ,fern-beauty4 ,illustration3 ,,magnolia ,,stellata4 ,illustration3 ,,ferns ,,in ,,the ,,bulb ,,border4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,bank ,,of ,,early ,,bulbs4 ,,chapter ,,ii ,,the ,,wood ,ten acres is but a small area for a bit of woodland1 yet it can be made apparently much larger by well-considered treatment4 ,as the years pass and the different portions answer to careful guidance1 ,i am myself surprised to see the number and wonderful variety of the pictures of sylvan beauty that it displays throughout the year4 ,i did not specially aim at variety1 but1 guided by the natural conditions of each region1 tried to think out how best they might be fostered and perhaps a little bettered4 ,the only way in which variety of aspect was deliberately chosen was in the way of thinning out the natural growths4 ,it was a wood of seedling trees that had come up naturally after an old wood of ,scotch ,fir had been cut down1 and it seemed well to clear away all but one1 or in some cases two kinds of trees in the several regions4 ,even in this the intention was to secure simplicity rather than variety1 so that in moving about the ground there should be one thing at a time to see and enjoy4 ,it is just this quality of singleness or simplicity of aim that ,i find wanting in gardens in general1 where one may see quantities of the best plants grandly grown and yet no garden pictures4 ,of course one has to remember that there are many minds to which this need of an artist's treatment of garden and woodland does not appeal1 just as there are some who do not care for music or for poetry1 or who see no difference between the sculpture of the old ,greeks and that of any modern artist who is not of the first rank1 or to whom architectural refinement is as an unknown language4 ,and in the case of the more superficial enjoyment of flowers one has sympathy too4 ,for a love of flowers1 of any kind1 however shallow1 is a sentiment that makes for human sympathy and kindness1 and is in itself uplifting1 as everything must be that is a source of reverence and admiration4 ,still1 the object of this book is to draw attention1 however slightly and imperfectly1 to the better ways of gardening1 and to bring to bear upon the subject some consideration of that combination of common sense1 sense of beauty and artistic knowledge that can make plain ground and growing things into a year-long succession of living pictures4 ,common sense ,i put first1 because it restrains from any sort of folly or sham or affectation4 ,sense of beauty is the gift of ,god1 for which those who have received it in good measure can never be thankful enough4 ,the nurturing of this gift through long years of study1 observation1 and close application in any one of the ways in which fine art finds expression is the training of the artist's brain and heart and hand4 ,the better a human mind is trained to the perception of beauty the more opportunities will it find of exercising this precious gift and the more directly will it be brought to bear upon even the very simplest matters of everyday life1 and always to their bettering4 ,so it was in the wood of young seedling trees1 where ,oak and ,holly1 ,birch1 ,beech and ,mountain ,ash1 came up together in a close thicket of young saplings4 ,it seemed well to consider1 in the first place1 how to bring something like order into the mixed jumble1 and1 the better to do this1 to appeal to the little trees themselves and see what they had to say about it4 ,the ground runs on a natural slope downward to the north1 or1 to be more exact1 as the highest point is at one corner1 its surface is tilted diagonally all over4 ,so1 beginning at the lower end of the woody growth1 near the place where the house some day might stand1 the first thing that appeared was a well-grown ,holly1 and rather near it1 another2 both older trees than the more recent seedling growth4 ,close to the second ,holly was a young ,birch1 the trunk about four inches thick and already in the early pride of its silvering bark4 ,that was enough to prompt the decision that this part of the wood should be of silver ,birch and ,holly1 so nearly all other growths were cut down or pulled up4 ,a hundred yards higher up there were some strong young ,oaks1 then some ,beeches1 and1 all over the top of the ground a thick growth of young ,scotch ,fir1 while the western region had a good sprinkling of promising ,spanish ,chestnut4 ,illustration3 ,,daffodils ,,by ,a ,,woodland ,,path4 ,illustration3 ,,wild ,,primroses ,,in ,,thin ,,woodland4 7,from a ,picture by ,henry ,moon47 ,all these natural groupings were accepted1 and a first thinning was made of the smallest stuff of other kinds4 ,but it was done with the most careful watching1 for there were to be no harsh frontiers4 ,one kind of tree was to join hands with the next1 and often a distinct deviation was made to the general rule4 ,for the beautiful growth of the future wood was the thing that mattered1 rather than obedience to any inflexible law4 ,now1 after twenty years1 the saplings have become trees and the preponderance of one kind of tree at a time has given a feeling of repose and dignity4 ,here and there something exceptional occurs1 but it causes interest1 not confusion4 ,five woodland walks pass upward through the trees2 every one has its own character1 while its details change during the progress--never abruptly but in leisurely sequence2 as if inviting the quiet stroller to stop a moment to enjoy some little woodland suavity1 and then gently enticing him to go further1 with agreeable anticipation of what may come next4 ,and if ,i may judge by the pleasure that these woodland ways give to some of my friends that ,i know are in sympathy with what ,i am trying to do1 and by my own thankful delight in them1 ,i may take it that my little sylvan pictures have come fairly right1 so that ,i may ask my reader to go with me in spirit through some of them4 ,my house1 a big cottage1 stands facing a little to the east of south1 just below the wood4 ,the windows of the sitting-room and its outer door1 which stands open in all fine summer weather1 look up a straight wide grassy way1 the vista being ended by a fine old ,scotch ,fir with a background of dark wood4 ,this old ,fir and one other1 and a number in and near the southern hedge1 are all that remain of the older wood which was all of ,scotch ,fir4 ,this green wood walk1 being the widest and most important1 is treated more boldly than the others--with groups of ,rhododendrons in the region rather near the house1 and for the rest only a biggish patch of the two ,north ,american ,brambles1 the white-flowered ,rubus nutkanus1 and the rosy ,r4 odoratus4 ,in spring the western region of tall ,spanish ,chestnuts1 which begins just beyond the ,rhododendrons1 is carpeted with ,poets' ,narcissus2 the note of tender white blossom being taken up and repeated by the bloom-clouds of ,amelanchier1 that charming little woodland flowering tree whose use in such ways is so much neglected4 ,close to the ground in the distance the light comes with brilliant effect through the young leaves of a wide-spread carpet of ,lily of the ,valley1 whose clusters of sweet little white bells will be a delight to see a month hence4 ,the ,rhododendrons are carefully grouped for colour--pink1 white1 rose and red of the best qualities are in the sunniest part1 while1 kept well apart from them1 near the tall ,chestnuts and rejoicing in their partial shade1 are the purple colourings1 of as pure and cool a purple as may be found among carefully selected ponticum seedlings and the few named kinds that associate well with them4 ,some details of this planting were given at length in my former book ,wood and ,garden4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,wide ,,wood-,,path4 ,illustration3 ,,cistus ,,laurifolius ,,at ,,the ,,sunny ,,entrance ,,of ,,the ,,fern ,,walk4 ,among the ,rhododendrons1 at points carefully devised to be of good effect1 either from the house or from various points of the lawn and grass paths1 are strong groups of ,lilium auratum2 they give a new picture of flower-beauty in the late summer and autumn and till near the end of ,october4 ,the dark1 strong foliage makes the best possible setting for the ,lilies1 and gives each group of them its fullest value4 ,another1 narrower path1 more to the east1 is called the ,fern walk1 because1 besides the general growth of ,bracken that clothes the whole of the wood1 there are groups of common hardy ,ferns in easy patches1 planted in such a way as to suggest that they grew there naturally4 ,the ,male ,fern1 the beautiful ,dilated ,shield ,fern1 and ,polypody are native to the ground1 and it was easy to place these1 in some cases merely adding to a naturally grown tuft1 so that they look quite at home4 ,lady ,fern1 ,blechnum and ,osmunda1 and ,oak and ,beech ,ferns have been added1 the ,osmunda in a depression that collects the water from any storms of rain4 ,at the beginning of all these paths ,i took some pains to make the garden melt imperceptibly into the wood1 and in each case to do it a different way4 ,where this path begins the lawn ends at a group of ,oak1 ,holly and ,cistus1 with an undergrowth of ,gaultheria and ,andromeda4 ,the larger trees are to the left and the small evergreen shrubs on a rocky mound to the right4 ,within a few yards the turf path becomes a true wood path4 ,just as wild gardening should never look like garden gardening1 or1 as it so sadly often does1 like garden plants gone astray and quite out of place1 so wood paths should never look like garden paths4 ,there must be no hard edges1 no conscious boundaries4 ,the wood path is merely an easy way that the eye just perceives and the foot follows4 ,it dies away imperceptibly on either side into the floor of the wood and is of exactly the same nature1 only that it is smooth and easy and is not encumbered by projecting tree-roots1 ,bracken or ,bramble1 these being all removed when the path is made4 ,if it is open enough to allow of the growth of grass1 and the grass has to be cut1 and is cut with a machine1 then a man with a faghook must follow to cut away slantingly the hard edge of standing grass that is left on each side4 ,for the track of the machine not only leaves the hard1 unlovely edges1 but also brings into the wood the incongruous sentiment of that discipline of trimness which belongs to the garden1 and that1 even there in its own place1 is often overdone4 ,now we are in the true wood-path among ,oaks and ,birches4 ,looking round1 the view is here and there stopped by prosperous-looking ,hollies1 but for the most part one can see a fair way into the wood4 ,in ,april the wood-floor is plentifully furnished with ,daffodils4 ,here1 in the region furthest removed from the white ,poets' ,daffodil of the upper ground1 they are all of trumpet kinds1 and the greater number of strong yellow colour4 ,for the ,daffodils range through the wood in a regular sequence of kinds that is not only the prettiest way to have them1 but that ,i have often found1 in the case of people who did not know their ,daffodils well1 served to make the whole story of their general kinds and relationships clear and plain2 the hybrids of each group standing between the parent kinds2 these again leading through other hybrids to further clearly defined species1 ending with the pure trumpets4 ,as the sorts are intergrouped at their edges1 so that at least two removes are in view at one time1 the lesson in the general relationship of kinds is easily learnt4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,wood-,,path ,,among ,,chestnuts4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,wood-,,path ,,among ,,birches4 ,they are planted1 not in patches but in long drifts1 a way that not only shows the plant in good number to better advantage1 but that is singularly happy in its effect in the woodland landscape4 ,this is specially noticeable towards the close of the day1 when the sunlight1 yellowing as it nears the horizon1 lights up the long stretches of yellow bloom with an increase of colour strength1 while the wide-stretching shadow-lengths throw the woodland shades into large phrases of broadened mass1 all subdued and harmonised by the same yellow light that illuminates the long level ranks of golden bloom4 ,from this same walk in ,june1 looking westward through the ,birch stems1 the value of the careful colour-scheme of the ,rhododendrons is fully felt4 ,they are about a hundred yards away1 and their mass is broken by the groups of intervening tree-trunks1 but their brightness is all the more apparent seen from under the nearer roofing mass of tree-top1 and the yellowing light makes the intended colour-effect still more successful by throwing its warm tone over the whole4 ,but nearer at hand the ,fern walk has its own little pictures4 ,in early summer there are patches of ,trillium1 the white ,wood ,lily1 in cool hollows among the ferns1 and1 some twenty paces further up1 another wider group of the same4 ,between the two1 spreading through a mossy bank1 in and out among the ferns and right down to the path1 next to a coming patch of ,oak ,fern1 is a charming little white flower4 ,its rambling roots thread their way under the mossy carpet1 and every few inches throw up a neat little stem and leaves crowned with a starry flower of tenderest white4 ,it is ,trientalis1 a native of our most northern hill-woods1 the daintiest of all woodland flowers4 ,to right and left white ,foxgloves spire up among the ,bracken4 ,when the ,foxglove-seed is ripe1 we remember places in the wood where tree-stumps were grubbed last winter4 ,a little of the seed is scattered in these places and raked in4 ,meanwhile one forgets all about it till two years afterwards there are the stately ,foxgloves4 ,it is good to see their strong spikes of solid bloom standing six to seven feet high1 and then to look down again at the lowly ,trientalis and to note how the tender little blossom1 poised on its thread-like stem1 holds its own in interest and importance4 ,illustration3 ,,cistus ,,cyprius ,,in ,,the ,,cistus ,,clearing4 ,illustration3 ,,cistus ,,by ,,the ,,wood-,,path4 ,further up the ,fern walk1 near the upper group of ,trillium1 are some patches of a plant with roundish1 glittering leaves4 ,it is a ,north ,american ,asarum 7,a4 virginicum72 the curious wax-like brown and greenish flower1 after the usual manner of its kind1 is short-stalked and hidden at the base of the leaf-stems4 ,near it1 and growing close to the ground in a tuft of dark-green moss1 is an interesting plant--,goodyera repens1 a terrestrial ,orchid4 ,one might easily pass it by1 for its curiously white-veined leaves are half hidden in the moss1 and its spike of pale greenish white flower is not conspicuous2 but1 knowing it is there1 ,i never pass without kneeling down1 both to admire its beauty and to ensure its well-being by a careful removal of a little of the deep moss here and there where it threatens too close an invasion4 ,now there comes a break in the ,fern walk1 or rather it takes another character4 ,the end of one of the wide green ways that we call the ,lily path comes into it on the right1 and1 immediately beyond this1 stands the second of the great ,scotch ,firs of the older wood4 ,the trunk1 at five feet from the ground1 has a girth of nine and a half feet4 ,the colour of the rugged bark is a wonder of lovely tones of cool greys and greens1 and of a luminous deep brown in the fissures and cavities4 ,where the outer layers have flaked off it is a warm reddish grey1 of a quality that is almost peculiar to itself4 ,this great tree's storm-rent head towers up some seventy feet1 far above the surrounding foliage of ,oak and ,birch4 ,close to its foot1 and showing behind it as one comes up the ,fern walk1 are a ,holly and a ,mountain ,ash4 ,this spot is a meeting-place of several ways4 ,on the right the wide green of the ,lily path2 then1 still bearing diagonally to the right1 one of the ways into the region of ,azalia and ,cistus2 then1 straight past the big tree1 a wood walk carpeted with ,whortleberry and passing through a whole ,whortleberry region under ,oaks1 ,hollies and ,beeches1 and1 lastly1 the path which is the continuation of the ,fern walk4 ,looking along it one sees1 a little way ahead1 a closer shade of trees1 for the most part ,oak1 but before entering this1 on the right-hand gently rising bank1 is a sheet of bright green leaves1 closely set in ,may with neat spikes of white bloom4 ,it is ,smilacina bifolia1 otherwise known as ,maianthemum bifolium4 ,the pretty little plant has taken to the place in a way that rejoices the heart of the wild gardener1 joining in perfect accord with the natural growth of short ,whortleberry and a background of the graceful fronds of ,dilated ,shield ,fern1 and looking as if it was of spontaneous growth4 ,now the path passes a large ,holly1 laced through and through with wild ,honeysuckle4 ,the ,honeysuckle stems that run up into the tree look like great ropes1 and a quantity of the small ends come showering out of the tree-top and over the path1 like a tangled veil of small cordage4 ,the path has been steadily rising1 and now the ascent is a little steeper4 ,the character of the trees is changing2 ,oaks are giving way to ,scotch ,firs4 ,just where this change begins the bank to right and left is covered with the fresh1 strong greenery of ,gaultheria ,shallon4 ,about twenty years ago a few small pieces were planted4 ,now it is a mass of close green growth two to three feet high and thirty paces long1 and extending for several yards into the wood to right and left4 ,in a light1 peaty soil such as this1 it is the best of undershrubs4 ,it is in full leaf-beauty in the dead of winter1 while in early summer it bears clusters of good flowers of the ,arbutus type4 ,these are followed by handsome dark berries nearly as large as black currants1 covered with a blue-grey bloom4 ,illustration3 ,,gaultheria ,,shallon ,,in ,,flower4 ,illustration3 ,,gaultheria ,,shallon ,,in ,,fruit4 ,now the path crosses another of the broad turfy ways1 but here the turf is all of ,heath2 a fourteen-foot wide road of grey-rosy bloom in ,august2 and now we are in the topmost region of ,scotch ,fir1 with undergrowth of ,whortleberry4 ,the wood path next to this goes nearly straight up through the middle of the ground4 ,it begins at another point of the small lawn next the house1 and passes first by a turf walk through a mounded region of small shrubs and carefully placed pieces of the local sandstone4 ,andromeda1 ,skimmia1 and ,alpenrose have grown into solid masses1 so that the rocky ridges peer out only here and there4 ,and when my friends say1 ,but then1 what a chance you had with that shelf of rock coming naturally out of the ground1 ,i feel the glowing warmth of an inward smile and think that perhaps the stones have not been so badly placed4 ,near the middle of the woody ground a space was cleared that would be large enough to be sunny throughout the greater part of the day4 ,this was for ,cistuses4 ,it is one of the compensations for gardening on the poorest of soils that these delightful shrubs do well with only the preparation of digging up and loosening the sand1 for my soil is nothing better4 ,the kinds that are best in the woody landscape are ,c4 laurifolius and ,c4 cyprius2 laurifolius is the hardiest1 cyprius rather the more beautiful1 with its three-and-a-half-inch wide flowers of tenderest white with a red-purple blotch at the base of each petal4 ,its growth1 also1 is rather more free and graceful4 ,it is the kind usually sold as ladaniferus1 and flowers in ,july4 ,c4 laurifolius is a bush of rather denser habit2 it bears an abundance of bloom rather smaller than that of ,c4 cyprius1 and without the coloured blotch4 ,but when it grows old and some of its stems are borne down and lie along the ground1 the habit changes and it acquires a free pictorial character4 ,these two large-growing ,cistuses are admirable for wild planting in sunny wood edges4 ,the illustrations 7pp4 #af1 #ag7 show their use1 not only in their own ground1 but by the sides of the grassy ways and the regions where the wood paths leave the lawn4 ,the sheltered1 sunny ,cistus clearing has an undergrowth of wild heaths that are native to the ground1 but a very few other ,heaths are added1 namely1 ,erica ciliata and the ,cornish ,heath2 and there is a fine patch at the joining of two of the little grassy paths of the white form of the ,irish ,heath 7,menziesia polifolia74 ,illustration3 ,,white ,,irish ,,heath4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,spring ,,garden ,,from ,d ,,on ,,plan4 ,,near ,,rock ,,is ,,to ,,the ,,left4 ,,chapter ,,iii ,,the ,,spring ,,garden ,as my garden falls naturally into various portions1 distinct enough from each other to allow of separate treatment1 ,i have found it well to devote one space at a time1 sometimes mainly1 sometimes entirely1 to the flowers of one season of the year4 ,there is therefore one portion that is a complete little garden of spring flowers4 ,it begins to show some bloom by the end of ,march1 but its proper season is the month of ,april and three weeks of ,may4 ,in many places the spring garden has to give way to the summer garden1 a plan that greatly restricts the choice of plants1 and necessarily excludes some of the finest flowers of the early year4 ,my spring garden lies at the end and back of a high wall that shelters the big summer flower border from the north and north-west winds4 ,the line of the wall is continued as a ,yew hedge that in time will rise to nearly the same height1 about eleven feet4 ,at the far end the ,yew hedge returns to the left so as to fence in the spring flowers from the east and to hide some sheds4 ,the space also encloses some beds of ,tree ,peonies and a plot of grass1 roughly circular in shape1 about eight yards across1 which is nearly surrounded by ,oaks1 ,hollies and ,cobnuts4 ,the plan shows its disposition4 ,it is of no design2 the space was accepted with its own conditions1 arranged in the simplest way as to paths1 and treated very carefully for colour4 ,it really makes as pretty a picture of spring flowers as one could wish to see4 ,the chief mass of colour is in the main border4 ,the circles marked ,v and ,m are strong plants of ,veratrum and ,myrrhis4 ,gardens of spring flowers generally have a thin1 poor effect for want of plants of important foliage4 ,the greater number of them look what they are--temporary makeshifts4 ,it seemed important that in this little space1 which is given almost entirely to spring flowers1 this weakness should not be allowed4 ,but herbaceous plants of rather large growth with fine foliage in ,april and ,may are not many4 ,the best ,i could think of are ,veratrum nigrum1 ,myrrhis odorata and the newer ,euphorbia ,wulfenii4 ,the ,myrrhis is the ,sweet ,cicely of old ,english gardens4 ,it is an umbelliferous plant with large fern-like foliage1 that makes early growth and flowers in the beginning of ,may4 ,at three years old a well-grown plant is a yard high and across4 ,after that1 if the plants are not replaced by young ones they grow too large1 though they can be kept in check by a careful removal of the outer leaves and by cutting out some whole crowns when the plant is making its first growth4 ,the ,veratrum1 with its large1 deeply plaited1 undivided leaves is in striking contrast1 but the two kinds of plants1 in groups as the plan shows1 with running patches of the large form of ,megasea cordifolia1 the great ,euphorbia ,wulfenii and some groups of ,black ,hellebore1 just give that comfortable impression of permanence and distinct intention that are usually so lamentably absent from gardens of spring flowers4 ,illustration3 ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,spring ,,garden4 ,many years ago ,i came to the conclusion that in all flower borders it is better to plant in long rather than block-shaped patches4 ,it not only has a more pictorial effect1 but a thin long planting does not leave an unsightly empty space when the flowers are done and the leaves have perhaps died down4 ,the word drift conveniently describes the shape ,i have in mind and ,i commonly use it in speaking of these long-shaped plantings4 ,such drifts are shown faintly in the plan1 reduced in number and simplified in form1 but serving to show the general manner of planting4 ,there are of course many plants that look best in a distinct clump or even as single examples1 such as ,dictamnus 7the ,burning ,bush71 and the beautiful pale yellow ,ponia wittmanniana1 a single plant of which is marked ,w near the beginning of the main border4 ,for the first seven or eight yards1 in the front and middle spaces1 there are plants of tender colouring--pale ,primroses1 ,tiarella1 pale yellow ,daffodils1 pale yellow early ,iris1 pale lemon ,wallflower1 double ,arabis1 white ,anemones and the palest of the lilac ,aubrietias2 also a beautiful pale lilac ,iris1 one of the ,caparne hybrids2 with long drifts of white and pale yellow ,tulips--nothing deeper in colour than the graceful ,tulipa retroflexa4 ,at the back of the border the colours are darker2 purple ,wallflower and the great dull red-purple double ,tulip so absurdly called ,bleu ,celeste4 ,these run through and among and behind the first clump of ,veratrums4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,fern-,,like ,,sweet ,,cicely4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,spring ,,garden ,,from ,e ,,on ,,plan4 ,,further ,,rock ,,is ,,on ,,the ,,near ,,right ,,hand4 ,in the middle of the length of the border there is still a good proportion of tender and light colouring in front3 white ,primroses and ,daffodils2 the pale yellow ,uvularia and ,adonis vernalis2 but with these there are stronger colours4 ,tulip ,chrysolora of fuller yellow1 yellow ,wallflowers1 the tall ,doronicum1 and1 towards the back1 several patches of yellow ,crown ,imperial4 ,then again in front1 with more double ,arabis1 is the lovely pale blue of ,myosotis dissitiflora and ,mertensia virginica1 and1 with sheets of the foam-like ,tiarella1 the tender pink of ,dicentra eximia and pink and rose-red ,tulips4 ,at the back of this come scarlet ,tulips1 the stately cream-white form of ,camassia ,leichtlini and a bold tuft of ,solomon's ,seal2 then ,orange ,tulips1 brown ,wallflowers1 ,orange ,crown ,imperial1 and taller scarlet ,tulips of the gesneriana class4 ,the strong colouring is repeated beyond the cross-path where the patches of ,acanthus are shown1 with more orange ,tulips1 brown ,wallflowers1 orange ,crown ,imperial and great flaming scarlet gesneriana ,tulips4 ,all this shows up finely against the background of dark yew4 ,at the extreme end1 where the yew hedge returns forward at a right angle1 this point is accentuated by a raised mound of triangular shape1 dry-walled and slightly curved forward on the side facing the border and the spectator4 ,on this at the back is a young plant of ,yucca gloriosa for display in future years and a front planting of the large growing ,euphorbia ,wulfenii1 one of the grandest and most pictorial of plants of recent acquirement for garden use4 ,the ,acanthus and ,yucca are of course plants of middle and late summer2 between them are some ,tritomas4 ,these plants are here because one of the most often used of the garden thoroughfares passes the point ,c1 which is a thick-roofed arch of ,rose and ,clematis1 and1 seen from this point and framed by the near greenery1 they form a striking picture of middle-distant form and colour in the later summer4 ,the space marked ,further ,rock is an upward-sloping bank2 the ,hollies standing in rather higher ground4 ,here the plants are between1 and tumbling over1 rocky ridges4 ,next the large ,holly1 and extending to the middle of the rocky promontory1 are again the strong reds and browns1 with accompanying bronze-red foliage of ,heuchera ,richardsoni4 ,this gives place to dark green carpeting masses of ,iberis with cold-white bloom1 and1 nearer the path1 ,lithospermum prostratum2 the flower-colour here changing1 through white1 to blue and bluish2 ,myosotis in front telling charmingly against the dark-leaved ,lithospermum4 ,at the highest points1 next to a great crowning boulder1 is the ,common ,blue ,iris and a paler one of the beautiful ,caparne series4 ,then down to the path where it begins to turn is a drift of the bluish lilac ,phlox divaricata1 and1 opposite the cross-path1 some jewels of the newer pale yellow ,alyssum sulphureum4 ,this rocky shoulder is also enlivened by a natural-looking but very carefully considered planting of white ,tulips that run through both the blue and the red regions4 ,the corner marked ,near ,rock is also a slightly raised bank4 ,the dark dots are cobnuts2 the dotted line between is where there are garlands of ,clematis montana that swing on ropes between the nuts4 ,the garlands dip down and nearly meet the flowers of some pale pink ,tree ,peonies4 ,open spaces above the garlands and under the meeting branches of the nuts give glimpses of distant points where some little scheme has been devised to please the eye1 such as the bit of bank to the left of ,seat ,a1 where there are two little fish-like drifts of palest ,aubrietia in a dense grey setting of ,cerastium4 ,the point of the ,near ,rock next the path agrees with the colouring opposite1 but also has features of its own2 a groundwork of grey ,antennaria1 the soft lilac-pink of the good ,aubrietia ,moorheimi changing to the left to the fuller pink of ,phlox amna1 and above to the type colour of ,aubrietia and the newer strong purples such as the variety ,dr4 ,mules4 ,to the left1 towards the oaks1 the colouring is mostly purple1 with strong tufts of the ,spring ,bitter ,vetch 7,orobus vernus71 purple ,wallflowers1 and1 under and behind the nuts1 purple ,honesty4 ,thin streams of white ,tulips intermingle with other streams of pink ,tulips that crown the angle and flow down again to the main path between ridges of double ,arabis1 white ,iberis1 and cloudy masses of the pretty pale yellow ,corydalis ochroleuca1 which spreads into a wide carpet under the ,tree ,peonies and ,clematis garlands4 ,further along1 just clear of the nuts1 are some patches of ,dielytra spectabilis1 its graceful growth arching out over the lower stature of pink ,tulips and harmonising charmingly with the pinkish-green foliage of the ,tree ,peonies just behind4 ,the pink ,tulips are here in some quantity2 they run boldly into pools of pale blue ,myosotis1 with more ,iberis where the picture demands the strongest1 deepest green1 and more ,corydalis where the softer1 greyer tones will make it better4 ,the space marked ,shade1 always in shade from the nuts and oaks1 is planted with rather large patches of the handsome white-flowered ,dentaria1 the graceful ,north ,american ,uvularia grandiflora1 in habit like a small ,solomon's ,seal but with yellow flowers much larger in proportion2 with ,myrrhis and purple ,honesty at the back and sheets of ,sweet ,woodruff to the front4 ,there are ,tree ,peonies in the long border and the two others4 ,it is difficult to grow them in my hot1 dry1 sandy soil1 even though ,i make them a liberal provision of just such a compost as ,i think they will like4 ,i have noticed that they do best when closely overshadowed by some other growing thing4 ,in the two near beds there are some ,mme4 ,alfred ,carrire ,roses that are trained to arch over to the angles1 so to comfort and encourage the ,peonies4 ,these beds have an informal edging of ,stachys lanata1 one of the most useful of plants for grey effects4 ,through it come white ,tulips in irregular patches4 ,illustration3 ,,further ,,rock1 ,,from ,g ,,on ,,plan4 ,illustration3 ,,further ,,rock ,,from ,h ,,on ,,plan3 ,,iberis1 ,,phlox ,,stellaria ,,and ,,phlox ,,divaricata1 ,,white ,,tulips ,,and ,,blue ,,iris4 ,the long border has also ,tree ,peonies planted about two and a half feet from the edge4 ,partly to give the bed a sort of backbone1 and partly to shelter the ,tree ,peonies1 it has some bushes of ,veronica ,traversi and one or two ,leycesteria formosa4 ,in the middle of the length is a clump of ,lilium giganteum and a biggish grouping of ,dielytra spectabilis4 ,all along the outer border there are patches and long straggling groups of the pretty dwarf ,irises of the pumila1 olbiensis and cham-iris sections1 with others of the same class of stature and habit4 ,any bare spaces are filled with ,wallflowers and ,honesty in colours that accord with the general arrangement4 ,the narrow border has mostly small shrubs1 ,berberis and so on1 forming one mass with the hedge to the left1 which consists of a double dry wall about four feet high1 with earth between and a thick growth on the top of ,berberis1 ,rosa lucida and ,scotch ,briers4 ,except the ,berberis these make no show of flower within the blooming time of the spring garden1 but the whole is excellent as a background4 ,red primroses are in the narrow border next to the cross-wall2 the wall here is much lower than the longer one on the right4 ,the ,primroses are grouped with the reddish leaved ,heuchera ,richardsoni1 the two together making a rich colour-harmony4 ,beyond them are scarlet ,tulips4 ,the small shaded rounds in this border and its continuation across the path into the near end of the main border are stout larch posts supporting a strong growth of ,rose ,mme4 ,alfred ,carrire and ,clematis montana4 ,these have grown together into a solid continuously-intermingling mass1 the path at ,c passing under a low arch of their united branches4 ,the high wall on the right is also covered with flowering things of the early year1 ,morella ,cherries1 ,rubus deliciosus and ,clematis montana1 some of this foaming over from the other side of the wall4 ,the wall is a part1 about a third of the length1 of the high wall that protects the large border of summer and autumn flowers from the north1 and that forms the dividing-line between the pleasure garden proper and the working garden beyond4 ,on the plan are letters with arrows referring to the illustrations4 ,the letter is at the spot where the camera stood2 the arrow points to the middle of the picture4 ,thus the one taken from ,d shows two-thirds of the longest path with the end of the big wall and the ,yew hedge that prolongs its line on the right and the ,nut-trees on the left4 ,the colouring on the right is of pale purple ,aubrietia and double white ,arabis1 with pale ,daffodils1 and1 at the back1 groups of sulphur ,crown ,imperial4 ,the more distant colouring is of brown ,wallflower and red ,tulip and the bright mahogany-coloured ,crown ,imperial4 ,the picture from ,e is done from among the reds and strong yellows and looks to point ,c1 and further1 through the arch of ,rose and ,clematis1 to the ,peony garden beyond4 ,the other illustrations show groups of colouring more in detail4 ,the one from ,f looks at ,near ,rock from one side4 ,over the grey ,stachys and its milk-white ,tulips is seen the flowery mass of pale and deep lilac1 and pinkish lilac with grey foliage1 crowned with pink and white ,tulips near the foot of the ,nuts4 ,the picture from ,g looks at the bit of bank called ,further ,rock with its big piece of sandstone that looks as if it came naturally out of the ground4 ,here is a mass of dead-white ,iberis with ,tulips of a softer white1 then the lilac white of ,phlox stellaria and the bluish lilac of ,phlox divaricata4 ,the picture from ,h was done a few days later4 ,it shows the further mass of ,phlox divaricata more fully in bloom1 and1 among the white ,tulips above1 a pretty pale lilac-blue hybrid ,iris and some taller stems of the common ,blue ,flag ,iris just coming into blossom4 ,this picture shows the value of the dark ,yew hedge as a background to the flowers4 ,just at the back of the flowery bank are ,hollies1 and then the hedge4 ,this has not yet come to its full height and the top still shows a ragged outline1 but in two years' time it will have grown into shape4 ,illustration3 ,,near ,,rock ,,from ,f ,,on ,,plan3 ,,aubrietias1 ,,phlox ,,am,,na ,,and ,,white ,,and ,,pink ,,tulip4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,primrose ,,garden4 ,the ,primrose garden is in a separate place among ,oaks and ,hazels4 ,it is for my special strain of large yellow and white bunch ,primroses1 now arrived at a state of fine quality and development by a system of careful seed-selection that has been carried on for more than thirty years4 ,,chapter ,,iv ,,between ,,spring ,,and ,,summer ,when the ,spring flowers are done1 and before the full ,june days come with the great ,flag ,irises and the perennial ,lupines1 there is a kind of mid-season4 ,if it can be given a space of ground it will be well bestowed4 ,i have a place that ,i call the ,hidden ,garden1 because it is in a corner that might so easily be overlooked if one did not know where to find it4 ,no important path leads into it1 though two pass within ten yards of it on either side4 ,it is in a sort of clearing among ,ilex and ,holly1 and the three small ways into it are devious and scarcely noticeable from the outside4 ,the most important of these1 marked #a on the plan1 passes between some clumps of overarching ,bamboo and through a short curved tunnel of ,yew and ,ilex4 ,another1 marked #b1 is only just traceable among ,berberis under a large ,birch1 and comes sharply round a tall ,monterey ,cypress4 ,the third turns out of one of the shady woodland glades and comes into the little garden by some rough stone steps4 ,the plan shows the simple arrangement2 the paths following the most natural lines that the place suggests4 ,the main path goes down some shallow1 rough stone steps with a sunny bank to the left and a rocky mound to the right4 ,the mound is crowned with small shrubs1 ,alpine ,rhododendrons and ,andromeda4 ,both this and the left-hand bank have a few courses of rough dry-walling next the path on its lowest level4 ,a little cross-path curves into the main one from the right4 ,illustration3 ,,steps ,,to ,,the ,,hidden ,,garden ,,at #c ,,on ,,plan4 ,illustration3 ,,phlox ,,divaricata ,,and ,,arenaria ,,montana4 ,the path leaves the garden again by a repetition of the rough stone steps4 ,the mossy growth of ,arenaria balearica clings closely to the stones on their cooler faces1 and the frond-like growths of ,solomon's ,seal hang out on either side as a fitting prelude to the dim mysteries of the wide green wood-path beyond4 ,it is a garden for the last days of ,may and the first fortnight of ,june4 ,passing through the ,yew tunnel1 the little place bursts on the sight with good effect4 ,what is most striking is the beauty of the blue-lilac ,phlox divaricata and that of two clumps of ,tree ,peony--the rosy ,baronne d',als and the pale salmon-pink ,comtesse de ,tuder4 ,the little garden1 with its quiet environment of dark foliage1 forbids the use of strong colouring1 or perhaps one should say that it suggested a restriction of the scheme of colouring to the tenderer tones4 ,there seemed to be no place here for the gorgeous ,oriental ,poppies1 although they too are finest in partial shade1 or for any strong yellows1 their character needing wider spaces and clearer sunlight4 ,the ,tree ,peonies are in two groups of the two kinds only2 it seemed enough for the limited space4 ,in front of ,comtesse de ,tuder is a group of ,funkia ,sieboldi1 its bluish leaves harmonising delightfully with the leaf-colour of the ,peonies2 next to them is a corner of glistening deep green ,asarum4 ,no other flowers of any size are near1 but there are sheets of the tender yellow bloom and pale foliage of ,corydalis ochroleuca1 of the white-bloomed ,woodruff1 and the pale green leafage of ,epimedium2 and among them tufts of ,lent ,hellebores1 also in fresh young leaf1 and a backing of the feathery fronds of ,lady ,fern and of the large ,solomon's ,seal2 with drooping garlands of ,clematis montana hanging informally from some rough branching posts4 ,yew-trees are at the back1 and then ,beeches in tender young leaf4 ,the foot of the near mound is a pink cloud of ,london ,pride4 ,shooting up among it and just beyond is the white ,st4 ,bruno's ,lily4 ,more of this lovely little lily-like ,anthericum is again a few feet further along1 grouped with ,iris ,cengialti1 one of the bluest of the ,irises4 ,the back of the mound has some of the tenderly tinted ,caparne hybrid ,irises two feet high1 of pale lilac colouring1 rising from among dark-leaved1 white-bloomed ,iberis1 and next the path a pretty1 large-flowered tufted ,pansy that nearly matches the ,iris4 ,but the glory of the mound is the long stretch of blue-lilac ,phlox divaricata1 whose colour is again repeated by a little of the same on the sunny bank to the left4 ,here it is grouped with pale pink ,scotch ,brier1 more pale yellow ,corydalis and ,arenaria montana smothered in its masses of white bloom4 ,at the end of the bank the colour of the ,phlox divaricata is deepened by sheaves of ,camassia esculenta that spear up through it4 ,the whole back of this bank has a free planting of graceful pale-coloured ,columbines with long spurs1 garden kinds that come easily from seed and that were originally derived from some ,north ,american species4 ,they are pale yellow and warm white2 some have the outer portion of the flower of a faint purple1 much like that of some of the patches in an old1 much-washed1 cotton patchwork quilt4 ,illustration3 ,,male ,,fern ,,in ,,the ,,hidden ,,garden4 ,illustration3 ,,exochorda ,,grandiflora4 ,illustration3 ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,hidden ,,garden4 ,the dark trees on the right have rambling ,roses growing into them--,paul's ,carmine ,pillar and the ,himalayan ,r4 ,brunonis4 ,the red ,rose does not flower so freely here as on a pillar in sunlight1 but its fewer stems clamber high into the ,holly and the bloom shows in thin natural wreaths that are even more pleasing to an artist's eye than the more ordered abundance of the flowery post4 ,at the foot of the ,hollies hardy ,ferns grow luxuriantly in the constant shade4 ,a little later a few clumps of ,lilies will spring up from among them2 the lovely pink rubellum1 the fine yellow szovitzianum1 and the buff testaceum4 ,on the left-hand side1 behind the sunny bank1 a ,garland ,rose comes through and tumbles out of a ,yew1 and some sprays of an old bush of the single ,r4 polyantha1 that has spread to a circumference of one hundred and fifty feet1 have pushed their way through the ,ilex4 ,the ,hollies and ,ilexes all round are growing fast1 and before many years are over the little garden will become too shady for the well-being of the flowers that now occupy it4 ,it will then change its character and become a ,fern garden4 ,all gardening involves constant change4 ,it is even more so in woodland4 ,a young bit of wood such as mine is for ever changing4 ,happily1 each new development reveals new beauty of aspect or new possibility of good treatment1 such as1 rightly apprehended and then guided1 tends to a better state than before4 ,meanwhile the little tree-embowered garden has a quiet charm of its own4 ,it seems to delight in its character of a ,hidden ,garden1 and in the pleasant surprise that its sudden discovery provokes4 ,for between it and its owner there is always a pretty little play of pretending that there is no garden there1 and of being much surprised and delighted at finding1 not only that there is one1 but quite a pretty one4 ,the ,hidden ,garden is so small in extent1 and its boundaries are already so well grown1 that there is no room for many of the beautiful things of the time of year4 ,for ,may is the time for the blooming of the most important of our well-known flowering shrubs--,lilac1 ,guelder ,rose1 ,white ,broom1 ,laburnum1 and ,pyrus ,malus floribunda4 ,but one shrub1 as beautiful as any of these and as easily grown1 seems to be forgotten4 ,this is ,exochorda grandiflora--related to the ,spiras4 ,its pearl-like buds have earned it the name of ,pearl ,bush1 but its whole lovely bloom should before now have secured it a place in every good garden4 ,every one knows the ,guelder ,rose1 with its round white flower-balls1 but the wild shrub of which this is a garden variety is also a valuable ornamental bush and should not be neglected4 ,it is a native plant1 growing in damp places1 such as the hedges of water-meadows and the sides of streams4 ,the ,english name is ,water ,elder4 ,its merit as a garden shrub does not lie1 as in the ,guelder ,rose1 in its bloom1 but in its singularly beautiful fruit4 ,this1 in autumn1 lights up the whole shrub with a ruddy radiance4 ,grown on drier ground than that of its natural habitat1 it takes a closer1 more compact form4 ,illustration3 ,,euphorbia ,,wulfenii4 ,illustration3 ,,irises ,,and ,,lupines ,,in ,,the ,,june ,,garden4 ,white ,broom is in flower from the middle of ,may to the second week of ,june4 ,there is a fine ,flag ,iris of a rich purple colour called ,purple ,king4 ,it is well to grow it just in front of some young bushes of ,white ,broom4 ,then1 if one of the hybrid ,irises of pale lilac colour is there as well1 and a bush of ,rosa altaica1 the colour-effect will be surprisingly beautiful4 ,this ,rose is the bolder-growing1 ,asiatic equivalent of our ,burnet ,rose 7,r4 spinosissima71 with the same lemon-white flowers4 ,when any such group containing ,white ,broom is planted1 it should be remembered that the tendency of the ,broom is to grow tall and leggy4 ,it bears pruning1 but it is a good plan to plant some extra ones behind the others4 ,after a couple of years1 if the front plants have grown out of bounds1 the back ones can be bent down and fastened to sticks1 so that their heads come in the required places4 ,it is one of the many ways in which a pretty garden picture may be maintained from year to year by the exercise of a little thought and ingenuity4 ,the undergrowth of such a group may be of ,solomon's ,seal at the back1 and1 if the bank or border is in sun1 of a lower groundwork of ,iberis and ,corydalis ochroleuca1 or1 if it is shaded1 of ,tiarella1 ,woodruff or ,anemone sylvestris4 ,with these1 for the sake of their tender green foliage1 there may well be ,uvularia grandiflora and ,epimedium pinnatum4 ,a wonderful plant of ,may is the great ,euphorbia ,wulfenii4 ,it adapts itself to many ways of use1 for1 though the immense yellow-green heads of bloom are at their best in ,may1 they are still of pictorial value in ,june and ,july1 while the deep-toned1 grey-blue foliage is in full beauty throughout the greater part of the year4 ,it is valuable in boldly arranged flower borders1 and holds its own among shrubs of moderate size1 but ,i always think its best use would be in the boldest kind of rock-work4 ,one of my desires that can never be fulfilled is to have a rocky hillside in full sun1 so steep as to be almost precipitous1 with walls of bare rock only broken by ledges that can be planted4 ,i would have great groups of ,yucca standing up against the sky and others in the rock-face1 and some bushes of this great ,euphorbia and only a few other plants1 all of rather large grey effect2 ,phlomis1 ,lavender1 ,rosemary and ,cistus1 with ,othonna hanging down in long sheets over the bare face of the warm rock4 ,it would be a rock-garden on an immense scale1 planted as ,nature plants1 with not many different things at a time4 ,the restriction to a few kinds of plants would give the impression of spontaneous growth2 of that large1 free1 natural effect that is so rarely achieved in artificial planting4 ,besides natural hillsides1 there must be old quarries within or near the pleasure-grounds of many places in our islands where such a scheme of planting could worthily be carried out4 ,illustration3 ,,part ,,of ,,the ,,garland ,,rose ,,at ,,the ,,angle4 ,,chapter ,v ,,the ,,june ,,garden ,beyond the lawn and a belt of ,spanish ,chestnut ,i have a little cottage that is known as the ,hut4 ,i lived in it for two years while my house was building1 and may possibly live in it again for the sake of replenishing an over-drained exchequer1 if the ideal well-to-do invalid flower-lover or some such very quiet summer tenant1 to whom alone ,i could consent to surrender my dear home for a few weeks1 should be presented by a kind ,providence4 ,meanwhile it is always in good use for various purposes1 such as seed-drying1 pot-pourri preparing1 and the like4 ,the garden in front and at the back is mainly a ,june garden4 ,it has ,peonies1 ,irises1 ,lupines1 and others of the best flowers of the season1 and a few for later blooming4 ,the entrance to the ,hut is through ,yews that arch overhead4 ,close to the right is a tall ,holly with a ,clematis montana growing into it and tumbling out at the top4 ,the space of garden to the left1 being of too deep a shape to be easily got at from the path on the one side and the stone paving on the other1 has a kind of dividing backbone made of a double row of ,rose hoops or low arches1 rising from good greenery of ,male ,fern and the fern-like ,sweet ,cicely4 ,this handsome plant 7,myrrhis odorata7 is of great use in many ways4 ,it will grow anywhere1 and has the unusual merit of making a good show of foliage quite early in the year4 ,it takes two years to get to a good size1 sending its large1 fleshy1 aromatic roots deep down into the soil4 ,by the end of ,may1 when the bloom is over and the leaves are full grown1 they can be cut right down1 when the plant will at once form a new set of leaves that remain fresh for the rest of the summer4 ,its chief use is as a good foliage accompaniment or background to flowers1 and no plant is better for filling up at the bases of shrubs that look a little leggy near the ground1 or for any furnishing of waste or empty spaces1 especially in shade4 ,from among the ,ferns and ,myrrhis at the back of this bit of eastern border rise white ,foxgloves1 the great white ,columbine1 and the tall stems of white ,peach-leaved ,campanula4 ,nearer to the front are clumps of ,peonies4 ,but1 as one of the most frequented paths passes along this eastern border1 it was thought best not to confine it to ,june flowers only1 but to have something also for the later months4 ,all vacant places are therefore filled with ,pentstemons and ,snapdragons1 which make a show throughout the summer2 while for the early days of ,july there are clumps of the old garden ,roses--,damask and ,provence4 ,the whole south-western angle is occupied by a well-grown ,garland ,rose that every summer is loaded with its graceful wreaths of bloom4 ,it has never been trained or staked1 but grows as a natural fountain2 the branches are neither pruned nor shortened4 ,the only attention it receives is that every three or four years the internal mass of old dead wood is cut right out1 when the bush seems to spring into new life4 ,passing this angle and going along the path leading to the studio door in the little stone-paved court1 there is a seat under an arbour formed by the ,yews2 the front of it has a ,dundee ,rambler ,rose supported by a rough wooden framework4 ,on the right1 next the paving1 are two large standard ,roses with heads three and four feet through4 ,they are old garden ,roses1 worked in cottage fashion on a common ,dog-rose stock4 ,one is ,celeste1 of loveliest tender rose colour1 its broad bluish leaves showing its near relationship to ,rosa alba2 the other the white ,mme4 ,plantier4 ,this old ,rose1 with its abundant bunches of pure white flowers1 always seems to me to be one of the most charming of the older garden kinds4 ,it will grow in almost any way1 and is delightful in all2 as a pillar1 as a hedge1 as a bush1 as a big cottage standard1 or in the border tumbling about among early summer flowers4 ,like the ,blush ,gallica1 which just precedes it in time of blooming1 it is one of the old picture ,roses4 ,both should be in quantity in every garden1 and yet they are but rarely seen4 ,the border next the paving has clumps of the old garden ,peonies 7,p4 officinalis74 ,by the time these are over1 towards the end of ,june1 groups of the earlier orange ,herring ,lilies are in bloom4 ,a thick and rather high ,box edging neatly trims these borders1 and favours the cottage-garden sentiment that is fostered in this region4 ,at the back of the ,yews that form the arbour is one end of the ,hidden ,garden4 ,going along the path1 past the projection on the block-plan of the ,hut1 which represents the large ingle of the studio1 we come to the other bit of ,june garden behind the little cottage4 ,here again1 the space being over-wide1 it is divided in the middle by a double border of ,rosemary that is kept clipped and is not allowed to rise high enough to prevent access to the border on each side4 ,on the side next the ,hut the flowers are mostly of lilac and purple colouring with white4 ,pale lilac ,irises1 including the fine ,i4 pallida dalmatica and the rosy lilac variety1 ,queen of the ,may1 perennial ,lupines1 white1 bluish lilac and purple--one of a conspicuous and rare deep red-purple of extreme richness without the slightest taint of a rank quality--a colour ,i can only call a strong wine-purple2 then a clump of the feathery1 ivory-white ,spira ,aruncus1 the large ,meadowsweet that is so fine by the side of alpine torrents4 ,there are also some flesh-pink ,albiflora ,peonies and lower growths of ,catmint1 and of the grand blue-purple ,cranesbill1 ,geranium ibericum platyphyllum2 with white and pale yellow ,spanish ,irises in generous tufts springing up between4 ,at the blunt angle nearly opposite the dovecote is a pink cloud of ,london ,pride2 beyond it pale yellow ,violas with more white ,spanish ,iris1 leading to a happy combination of the blue ,iris ,cengialti and the bushy ,aster ,olearia ,gunni1 smothered in its white starry bloom4 ,an early flowering ,flag ,iris1 named ,chamleon1 nearly matches the colour of ,i4 ,cengialti2 it is the bluest that ,i know of the ,flag ,irises1 and is planted between and around the ,olearias to form part of the colour-picture4 ,illustration3 ,,rose ,,blush ,,gallica ,,planted ,,on ,,the ,,top ,,of ,,dry ,,walling4 ,illustration3 ,,spanish ,,iris4 ,beyond this group1 and only separated from it by some pale yellow ,irises1 are two plants of the ,dropmore ,anchusa1 marked ,a on the plan1 of pure pale blue1 and another clump of ,spira ,aruncus1 marked ,s1 and one of a good pure white ,lupine1 with some tall clear yellow ,irises and white ,foxgloves4 ,now the colouring changes1 passing through a group or two of the rich half-tones of ,irises of the squalens section to the perennial ,poppies2 ,p4 rupifragum nearest the path and1 next to it1 ,p4 pilosum2 both of a rich apricot colour4 ,backing these is a group of the larger hybrid that nearly always occurs in gardens where there are both ,p4 rupifragum and ,p4 orientale4 ,in appearance it is a small orientale with a strong look of rupifragum about the foliage4 ,as a garden plant it has the advantages of being of an intermediate size and of having a long season of bloom1 a quality no doubt inherited from rupifragum1 which will flower more or less throughout the summer if the seed-pods are removed4 ,a plant of ,oriental ,poppy of the tone of orange-scarlet that ,i know as red-lead colour1 and some deep orange ,lilies complete this strongly coloured group4 ,in the north-western clump1 where there are some ,thorn-trees and two ,thuyas1 the dominant feature is the great bush of an old garden rambling ,rose that looks as if its parentage was somewhere between sempervirens and arvensis4 ,i can neither remember how ,i came by it nor match it with any nursery kind4 ,it stands nearly opposite the ,hut kitchen window1 and when in full bloom actually sheds light into the room4 ,i know it as the ,kitchen ,rose4 ,the diameter of the bush is even greater than the plan shows1 for it overwhelms the nearest ,thuya and rushes through the ,thorn1 and many of its shoots are within hand-reach of the back path4 ,the rest of this clump is occupied by plants of tall habit--the great ,mullein 7,verbascum orientale71 the ,giant ,cow-,parsnip 7,heracleum71 and white ,foxgloves4 ,the plan shows how the border of early bulbs1 described in a former chapter 7now a mass of hardy ,ferns1 as shown at p4 #g71 lies in relation to this part of the garden4 ,there is also a grand mass of ,oriental ,poppy and ,orange ,lilies in half-shade on the other side of the path1 where it turns and is bordered with ,berberis4 ,this makes a fine distant effect of strong colour looking north-west from the southern end of the bulb-border4 ,i greatly wish ,i could have some other ,june borders for the still better use of the ,flag ,irises1 but not only have ,i quite as much dressed ground as ,i can afford to keep up1 but the only space where such borders could be made has to be nursery-ground of plants for sale4 ,but though ,i am denied this pleasure myself1 ,i should like to suggest it to others1 and therefore give plans of two borders of different colourings4 ,there would be no great harm if they came opposite each other1 though perhaps1 as colour-schemes1 they would be rather better seen singly and quite detached from each other4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,june ,,garden4 ,illustration3 ,,iris ,,and ,,lupine ,,borders4 ,it must be remembered1 as in all cases of planting flower borders1 that they cannot be expected to show their full beauty the year after planting4 ,irises will give a few blooms the first season1 but are not in strength till their second and third years4 ,china ,roses must have time to grow4 ,tree ,lupines must be planted young1 and1 though they make rapid growth1 they also do not fill their spaces till the third year4 ,lupine ,somerset is a desirable hybrid1 not quite a true ,tree ,lupine1 though it has a half-woody growth4 ,its best colour is a clear1 lively light yellow1 but it readily varies from seed to whitish or washy purplish tints4 ,as the seedlings often show bloom the first season in the seed-bed1 the colours should be noted and marked1 for some of the light purples are pretty things1 with more refinement of character than the same colourings in the old ,tree ,lupines4 ,both the tree and hybrid kinds may have their lives much prolonged--for if they are not specially treated they are short-lived things--by judicious pruning4 ,after flowering1 each branch should be cut well back4 ,it is not enough to cut away the flowers1 but every branch should be shortened about two-thirds as soon as the bloom is over and the seed-pods begin to form4 ,the plans show the two schemes of colouring4 ,the upper is of white1 lilac1 purple and pink1 with grey foliage2 the lower of white1 yellow1 bronze-yellow and1 for the most part1 rich green foliage4 ,they will show mainly as ,iris and ,lupine borders1 and are intended to display the beauty of these two grand plants of early summer4 ,the kinds of ,iris are carefully considered for their height1 time of blooming1 and colour-value4 ,in the yellow border is one patch of clear1 pale pure blue1 the ,dropmore ,anchusa1 grouped with pale yellows and white4 ,in the purple border are some important front-edge patches of the beautiful ,catmint 7,nepeta ,mussini71 a plant that can hardly be over-praised4 ,the illustration shows it in a part of a border-front that is to be for ,august4 ,for a good three weeks in ,june it makes this border a pretty place1 although the ,catmint is its only flower4 ,but with the white-grey woolly patches of ,stachys and the half-grown bushes of ,gypsophila1 and the ,lavender and other plants of greyish foliage1 the picture is by no means incomplete4 ,its flowery masses1 seen against the warm yellow of the sandy path1 give the impression of remarkably strong and yet delightfully soft colouring4 ,the colour itself is a midway purple1 between light and dark1 of just the most pleasing quality4 ,as soon as the best of the bloom is done it is carefully cut over2 then the lateral shoots just below the main flower-spike that has been taken out will gain strength and bloom again at the border's best show-time in ,august4 ,in another double flower border that is mostly for the ,september-blooming ,michaelmas ,daisies the ,catmint is cut back a little later4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one of the joys of ,june is the beauty of the ,scotch ,briers4 ,on the south side of the house there are ,figs and ,vines1 ,rosemary and ,china ,roses2 a path and then some easy stone steps leading up to the strip of lawn some fifty feet wide that skirts the wood4 ,to right and left of the steps1 for a length equal to that of the house-front1 is a hedge of these charming little ,roses4 ,they are mostly double white1 but some are rosy and some yellow4 ,when it is not in flower the mass of small foliage is pleasant to see1 and even in winter leaflessness the tangle of close-locked branches has an appearance of warm brown comfort that makes it good to have near a house4 ,illustration3 ,,white ,,tree ,,lupine4 ,illustration3 ,,catmint ,,in ,,june ,,in ,,the ,,grey ,,august ,,border4 ,june is also the time of some of the best of the climbing plants and slightly tender shrubs that we have against walls and treat as climbers1 such as ,solamum crispum and ,abutilon vitifolium and the hardy ,clematis montana2 but some notes on these will be offered in a further chapter4 ,one is always watching and trying for good combinations of colour that occur or that may be composed4 ,besides such as are shown in the plans1 the following have been noted for ,june3 ,in rock-work the tiny ,china ,rose ,pompon de ,paris1 also the tender pink ,fairy ,rose1 with pale lilac tufted ,pansy and ,achillea umbellata4 ,the pretty pale pink dwarf ,rose ,mignonette1 with the lilac of ,catmint 7,nepeta ,mussini7 and the grey-white foliage of ,stachys and ,cineraria maritima4 ,in a cool1 retired place in a shrubbery margin1 away from other flowers1 the misty red-grey-purple of ,thalictrum purpureum with the warm white foam-colour of ,spira ,aruncus4 ,on bold rock-work1 a mass of a fine-coloured strain of ,valerian 7,centranthus7 with a deep scarlet-crimson ,snapdragon4 ,this is a success of reciprocally becoming texture as well as colour2 the texture having that satisfying quality that one recognises in the relation of the cut and uncut portions of the fine old ,italian cut-velvets4 ,illustration3 ,,scotch ,,briars4 ,illustration3 ,,geranium ,,ibericum ,,platyphyllum2 ,,the ,,best ,,of ,,the ,,cranebills4 7,see page #db47 ,,chapter ,,vi ,,the ,,main ,,hardy ,,flower ,,border ,the big flower border is about two hundred feet long and fourteen feet wide4 ,it is sheltered from the north by a solid sandstone wall about eleven feet high clothed for the most part with evergreen shrubs--,bay and ,laurustinus1 ,choisya1 ,cistus and ,loquat4 ,these show as a handsome background to the flowering plants4 ,they are in a three-foot-wide border at the foot of the wall2 then there is a narrow alley1 not seen from the front1 but convenient for access to the wall shrubs and for working the back of the border4 ,as it is impossible to keep any one flower border fully dressed for the whole summer1 and as it suits me that it should be at its best in the late summer1 there is no attempt to have it full of flowers as early as ,june4 ,another region belongs to ,june2 so that at that time the big border has only some incidents of good bloom1 though the ground is rapidly covering with the strong patches1 most of them from three to five years old1 of the later blooming perennials4 ,but early in the month there are some clumps of the beautiful ,iris ,pallida dalmatica in the regions of grey foliage1 and of the splendid blue-purple bloom of ,geranium ibericum platyphyllum1 the best of the large ,cranesbills1 and the slow-growing ,dictamnus ,fraxinella 7the white variety71 and ,meadowsweets white and pink1 ,foxgloves and ,canterbury ,bells1 and to the front some long-established sheets of ,iberis sempervirens that have grown right on to the path4 ,the large ,yuccas1 ,y4 gloriosa and ,y4 recurva are throwing up their massive spikes1 though it will be ,july before they actually flower1 and the blooms on some bushes of the great ,euphorbia ,wulfenii1 although they were flowers of ,may and their almost yellow colour is turning greener1 are still conspicuous and ornamental4 ,then the plants in the middle of the wall1 ,choisya ternata and ,clematis montana are still full of white bloom and the ,guelder ,rose is hanging out its great white balls4 ,i like to plant the ,guelder ,rose and ,clematis montana together4 ,nothing does better on north or east walls1 and it is pleasant to see the way the ,clematis flings its graceful garlands over and through the stiff branches of the ,viburnum4 ,the more brilliant patches of colour in the big border in ,june are of ,oriental ,poppies intergrouped with ,gypsophila1 which will cover their space when they have died down1 and the earlier forms of ,lilium croceum of that dark orange colour that almost approaches scarlet4 ,during the first week of ,june any bare spaces of the border are filled up with half-hardy annuals1 and some of what we are accustomed to call bedding-plants--such as ,geranium1 ,salvia1 ,calceolaria1 ,begonia1 ,gazania and ,verbena4 ,the half-hardy annuals are ,african ,marigold1 deep orange and pale sulphur1 pure white single ,petunia1 tall ,ageratum1 tall striped ,maize1 white ,cosmos1 sulphur ,sunflower1 ,phlox ,drummondi1 ,nasturtiums1 and ,trachelium cruleum4 ,dahlias were planted out in ,may1 and earlier still the ,hollyhocks1 quite young plants that are to bloom in ,august and ,september2 the autumn-planted ones flowering earlier4 ,the ground was well cleaned of weeds before these were planted1 and1 soon after1 the whole border had a good mulch of a mixture of half-rotted leaves and old hotbed stuff4 ,this serves the double purpose of keeping the soil cool and of affording gradual nutriment when water is given4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,flower ,,border ,,in ,,late ,,summer3 ,,yucca1 ,,hydrangea1 ,,snapdragon1 ,,lilium ,,auratum ,,and ,,early ,,asters1 ,,with ,,grey ,,foliage ,,of ,,cineraria ,,maritima1 ,,santolina ,,and ,,elymus4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,cross ,,walk ,,dividing ,,the ,,flower ,,border3 ,,yucca1 ,,hydrangea1 ,,megasea ,,and ,,stachys4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the planting of the border is designed to show a distinct scheme of colour-arrangement4 ,at the two ends there is a groundwork of grey and glaucous foliage--,stachys1 ,santolina1 ,cineraria maritima1 ,sea ,kale and ,lyme ,grass1 with darker foliage1 also of grey quality1 of ,yucca1 ,clematis recta and ,rue4 ,with this1 at the near or western end1 there are flowers of pure blue1 grey-blue1 white1 palest yellow and palest pink2 each colour partly in distinct masses and partly intergrouped4 ,the colouring then passes through stronger yellows to orange and red4 ,by the time the middle space of the border is reached the colour is strong and gorgeous1 but1 as it is in good harmonies1 it is never garish4 ,then the colour-strength recedes in an inverse sequence through orange and deep yellow to pale yellow1 white and palest pink1 with the blue-grey foliage4 ,but at this1 the eastern end1 instead of the pure blues we have purples and lilacs4 ,looked at from a little way forward1 for a wide space of grass allows this point of view1 the whole border can be seen as one picture1 the cool colouring at the ends enhancing the brilliant warmth of the middle4 ,then1 passing along the wide path next the border the value of the colour-arrangement is still more strongly felt4 ,each portion now becomes a picture in itself1 and every one is of such a colouring that it best prepares the eye1 in accordance with natural law1 for what is to follow4 ,standing for a few moments before the end-most region of grey and blue1 and saturating the eye to its utmost capacity with these colours1 it passes with extraordinary avidity to the succeeding yellows4 ,these intermingle in a pleasant harmony with the reds and scarlets1 blood-reds and clarets1 and then lead again to yellows4 ,now the eye has again become saturated1 this time with the rich colouring1 and has therefore1 by the law of complementary colour1 acquired a strong appetite for the greys and purples4 ,these therefore assume an appearance of brilliancy that they would not have had without the preparation provided by their recently received complementary colour4 ,there are well-known scientific toys illustrating this law4 ,a short word1 printed in large red letters1 is looked at for half a minute4 ,the eyes are shut and an image of the same word appears1 but the lettering is green4 ,many such experiments may be made in the open garden4 ,the brilliant orange ,african ,marigold has leaves of a rather dull green colour4 ,but look steadily at the flowers for thirty seconds in sunshine and then look at the leaves4 ,the leaves appear to be bright blue6 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,east ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,flower ,,border3 ,,lilium ,,longiflorum1 ,,echinops1 ,,purple ,,clematis1 ,,campanulas ,,pyramidalis ,,and ,,lochiflora1 ,,foliage ,,of ,,seakale1 ,,santolina ,,and ,,cineraria4 ,illustration3 ,,elevation3 ,,height-,,line ,,of ,,back ,,plants4 ,illustration3 ,,plan ,,of ,,the ,,main ,,flower ,,border4 ,even when a flower border is devoted to a special season1 as mine is given to the time from mid-,july to ,october1 it cannot be kept fully furnished without resorting to various contrivances4 ,one of these is the planting of certain things that will follow in season of bloom and that can be trained to take each other's places4 ,thus1 each plant of ,gypsophila paniculata when full grown covers a space a good four feet wide4 ,on each side of it1 within reasonable distance of the root1 ,i plant ,oriental ,poppies4 ,these make their leaf and flower growth in early summer when the ,gypsophila is still in a young state4 ,the ,poppies will have died down by the time the ,gypsophila is full grown and has covered them4 ,after this has bloomed the seed-pods turn brown1 and though a little of this colouring is not harmful in the autumn border1 yet it is not wanted in such large patches4 ,we therefore grow at its foot1 or within easy reach1 some of the trailing ,nasturtiums and lead them up so that they cover the greater part of the brown seed-spray4 ,delphiniums1 which are indispensable for ,july1 leave bare stems with quickly yellowing leafage when the flowers are over4 ,we plant behind them the white ,everlasting ,pea1 and again behind that ,clematis ,jackmanni4 ,when the ,delphiniums are over1 the rapidly forming seed-pods are removed1 the stems are cut down to just the right height1 and the white ,peas are trained over them4 ,when the ,peas go out of bloom in the middle of ,august1 the ,clematis is brought over4 ,it takes some years for these two plants to become established2 in the case of those ,i am describing the ,pea has been four or five years planted and the ,clematis seven4 ,they cannot be hurried1 indeed in my garden it is difficult to get the ,clematis to grow at all4 ,but good gardening means patience and dogged determination4 ,there must be many failures and losses1 but by always pushing on there will also be the reward of success4 ,those who do not know are apt to think that hardy flower gardening of the best kind is easy4 ,it is not easy at all4 ,it has taken me half a lifetime merely to find out what is best worth doing1 and a good slice out of another half to puzzle out the ways of doing it4 ,in addition to these three plants that ,i grow over one another ,i am now adding a fourth--the ,september-blooming ,clematis ,flammula4 ,it must not be supposed that they are just lumped one over another so that the under ones have their leafy growths smothered4 ,they are always being watched1 and1 bit by bit1 the earlier growths are removed as soon as their respective plants are better without them4 ,then there is the way of pulling down tall plants whose natural growth is upright4 ,at the back of the yellow part of the border are some plants of a form of ,helianthus orgyalis1 trained down1 as described later at p4 #fi4 ,but other plants can be treated in the same way2 the tall ,rudbeckia ,golden ,glow1 and ,dahlias and ,michaelmas ,daisies4 ,the tall ,snapdragons can also be pulled down and made to cover a surprising space of bare ground with flowering side-shoots4 ,illustration3 ,,good ,,staking--,,campanula ,,persicifolia4 ,illustration3 ,,careful ,,staking--,,the ,,later ,,michaelmas ,,daisies4 ,as it is still impossible to prevent the occurrence of a blank here and there1 or as the scene1 viewed as a picture1 may want some special accentuation or colouring1 there is the way of keeping a reserve of plants in pots and dropping them in where they may be wanted4 ,the thing that matters is that1 in its season1 the border shall be kept full and beautiful2 by what means does not matter in the least4 ,for this sort of work some of the most useful plants are ,hydrangeas1 ,lilium longiflorum1 candidum and auratum1 and ,campanula pyramidalis1 both white and blue1 and1 for foliage1 ,funkia grandiflora1 ,f4 ,sieboldi and hardy ,ferns4 ,an important matter is that of staking and supporting4 ,the rule1 as ,i venture to lay it down1 is that sticks and stakes must never show4 ,they must be so arranged that they give the needful support1 while allowing the plant its natural freedom2 but they must remain invisible4 ,the only time when they are tolerated is for the week or two when they have been put in for ,dahlias1 when the plants have not yet grown up to cover them4 ,michaelmas ,daisies we stake with great care in ,june1 putting in some stiff branching spray of oak or chestnut among the growths and under their fronts4 ,at the end of ,june we also nip the tops of some of the forward growths of the plants so as to vary the outline4 ,there are two borders of ,michaelmas ,daisies1 one for the earlier sorts that flower in ,september and the other for the ,october kinds4 ,they are in places that need not often be visited except in the blooming season1 therefore we allow the supporting spray to be seen while the plants are growing4 ,but early in ,august1 in the case of the ,september border1 and early in ,september in the case of the one for ,october1 we go round and regulate the plants1 settling them among the sticks in their definite positions4 ,when this is done every atom of projecting spray is cut away with the scateur4 ,i hold that nothing unsightly should be seen in the garden4 ,the shed for sticks and stakes is a lean-to at one end of the barn1 showing to the garden4 ,the roof had to be made at a very low pitch1 and there was no roofing material suitable but galvanized iron4 ,but a depth of four inches of peaty earth was put over the iron1 and now it is a garden of ,stonecrops and other plants that flourish in shallow soil in a hot exposure4 ,to prevent undue disappointment1 those who wish for beautiful flower-borders and whose enthusiasm is greater than their knowledge should be reminded that if a border is to be planted for pictorial effect1 it is impossible to maintain that effect and to have the space well filled for any period longer than three months1 and that even for such a time there will have to be contrivances such as have been described4 ,it should also be borne in mind that a good hardy flower border cannot be made all at once4 ,many of the most indispensable perennials take two1 three or even more years to come to their strength and beauty4 ,the best way is to plant the border by a definite plan1 placing each group of plants as it shall be when fully developed4 ,then for the first year or two a greater number of half-hardy annuals and biennials than will eventually be needed should be used to fill the spaces that have not yet been taken up by the permanent plants4 ,the best of these are ,pentstemons and ,snapdragons1 the ,snapdragons grown both as annuals and biennials1 for so an extended season of bloom is secured4 ,then there should be ,african and ,french ,marigolds1 the smaller annual ,sunflowers1 ,zinnias1 ,plume ,celosias1 ,china ,asters1 ,stocks1 ,foxgloves1 ,mulleins1 ,ageratum1 ,phlox ,drummondi and ,indian ,pinks2 also hardy annuals--,lupines of several kinds1 ,chrysanthemum coronarium1 the fine pink ,mallows1 ,love-in-a-,mist1 ,nasturtiums or any others that are liked4 ,,chapter ,,vii ,,the ,,flower ,,border ,,in ,,july ,towards the end of ,july the large flower border begins to show its scheme4 ,until then1 although it has been well filled with growing plants1 there has been no attempt to show its whole intention4 ,but now this is becoming apparent4 ,the two ends1 as already described1 are of grey foliage1 with1 at the near end1 flowers of pale blue1 white and lightest yellow4 ,the tall spikes of pale blue ,delphinium are over1 and now there are the graceful grey-blue flowers of ,campanula lactiflora that stand just in front of the great ,larkspurs4 ,at the back is a white ,everlasting ,pea1 four years planted and now growing tall and strong4 ,the overblown flowers of the ,delphinium have been removed1 but their stems have been left just the right height for supporting the growth of the white ,pea1 which is now trained over them and comes forward to meet the pale blue-white ,campanula4 ,in front of this there is a drift of ,rue giving a beautiful effect of dim grey colour and softened shadow2 it is crowned by its spreading corymbs of pale yellow bloom that all rise nearly to a level4 ,again in front is the grand glaucous foliage of ,sea ,kale4 ,a little further along1 and towards the back1 is a bush of ,golden ,privet1 taking up and continuing the pale yellow of the ,rue blossom1 and forming a kind of groundwork to a group of the fine ,mullein ,verbascum phlomoides now fully out4 ,just below this is a clump of the ,double ,meadowsweet1 a mass of warm white flower-foam4 ,intergrouped are tall ,snapdragons1 white and palest yellow4 ,then forward are the pale blue-green sword-blades of ,iris pallida dalmatica that flowered in ,june4 ,this is one of the few ,irises admitted to the border1 but it is here because it has the quality1 rare among its kind1 of maintaining its great leaves in beauty to near the end of the year4 ,quite to the front are lower growing plants of purest blue--the ,cape ,daisy 7,agathea clestis7 and blue ,lobelia4 ,now we pass to a rather large group of ,eryngium oliverianum1 the fine kind that is commonly but wrongly called ,e4 amethystinum4 ,it is a deep-rooting perennial that takes three to four years to become strongly established4 ,in front of this are some pale and darker blue ,spiderworts 7,tradescantia virginica71 showing best in cloudy weather4 ,at the back is ,thalictrum flavum1 whose bloom is a little overpast1 though it still shows some of its foamy-feathery pale yellow4 ,next we come to stronger yellows1 with a middle mass of a good home-grown form of ,coreopsis lanceolata4 ,this is fronted by a stretch of ,helenium pumilum4 ,behind the ,coreopsis are ,achillea ,eupatorium and yellow ,cannas4 ,now the colour strengthens with the ,scarlet ,balm or ,bergamot1 intergrouped with ,senecio artemisifolius1 a plant little known but excellent in the flower border4 ,a few belated ,orange ,lilies have their colour nearly repeated by the ,gazanias next to the path4 ,the strong colour is now carried on by ,lychnis ,chalcedonica1 scarlet ,salvia1 ,lychnis haageana 7a fine plant that is much neglected71 and some of the dwarf ,tropolums of brightest scarlet4 ,after this we gradually return to the grey-blues1 whites and pale yellows1 with another large patch of ,eryngium oliverianum1 white ,everlasting ,pea1 ,calceolaria1 and the splendid leaf-mass of a wide and high plant of ,euphorbia ,wulfenii1 which1 with the accompanying ,yuccas1 rises to a height far above my head4 ,passing between a clump of ,yuccas on either side is the cross-walk leading by an arched gateway through the wall4 ,the border beyond this is a shorter length1 and has a whole ground of grey foliage--,stachys1 ,santolina1 ,elymus1 ,cineraria maritima1 and ,sea ,kale4 ,then another group of ,rue1 with grey-blue foliage and pale yellow bloom1 shows near the extreme end against the full green of the young summer foliage of the ,yew arbour that comes at the end of the border4 ,again at this end is the tall ,campanula lactiflora4 ,in the nearer middle a large mass of purple ,clematis is trained upon stiff1 branching spray1 and is beginning to show its splendid colour1 while behind1 and looking their best in the subdued light of the cloudy morning on which these notes are written1 are some plants of ,verbascum phlomoides1 ten feet high1 showing a great cloud of pure pale yellow4 ,they owe their vigour to being self-sown seedlings1 never transplanted4 ,instead of having merely a blooming spike1 as is the usual way of those that are planted1 these have abundant side branches4 ,they dislike bright sunshine1 only expanding fully in shade or when the day is cloudy and inclined to be rainy4 ,close to them1 rising to the wall's whole eleven feet of height1 is a ,cistus cyprius1 bearing a quantity of large white bloom with a deep red spot at the base of each petal4 ,illustration3 ,,white ,,rose ,,la ,,guirlande2 ,,grey ,,borders ,,beyond4 ,illustration3 ,,clematis ,,recta4 ,though there is as yet but little bloom in this end of the border the picture is complete and satisfying4 ,each one of the few flower-groups tells to the utmost1 while the intervening masses of leafage are in themselves beautiful and have the effect of being relatively well disposed4 ,there is also such rich promise of flower-beauty to come that the mind is filled with glad anticipation1 besides feeling content for the time being with what it has before it4 ,there is one item of colouring that strikes the trained eye as specially delightful4 ,it is a bushy mass of ,clematis recta1 now out of bloom4 ,it occurs between the overhanging purple ,clematis and the nearer groups of ,cineraria maritima and ,santolina4 ,the leaves are much deeper in tone than these and have a leaden sort of blueness1 but the colouring1 both of the parts in light and even more of the mysterious shadows1 is in the highest degree satisfactory and makes me long for the appreciative presence of the rare few friends who are artists both on canvas and in their gardens1 and most of all for that of one who is now dead#a but to whom ,i owe1 with deepest thankfulness1 a precious memory of forty years of helpful and sympathetic guidance and encouragement in the observation and study of colour-beauty4 #a ,the late ,h4 ,b4 ,brabazon4 99 99 99 99 99 ,one cannot write of the garden in ,july without a word of the ,roses4 ,besides the bushy garden ,roses1 and the kinds of special charm1 such as ,damask1 ,provence1 ,moss and ,china1 those that most nearly concern the garden for beauty and pictorial effect are the rambling and climbing ,roses that flower in clusters4 ,in ,roses for ,english ,gardens ,i dealt at some length with the many ways of using them2 here ,i must only touch upon one or two of these ways4 ,but ,i wish to remind my readers of the great value of these free ,roses for running up through such trees as ,yews or ,hollies in regions where garden joins hands with woodland1 and also of their great usefulness for forming lines of arch and garland as an enclosure to some definite space4 ,i have them like this forming the boundary on two sides of a garden of long beds1 whose other two sides are a seven-foot wall and the back of a stable and loft4 ,just beyond the arch in the picture 7p4 #fj71 and dividing the little garden in two1 is the short piece of double border that is devoted to ,august4 ,illustration3 ,,delphinium ,,belladonna4 ,illustration3 ,,canterbury ,,bells4 ,the other long beds in this region are for special combinations1 some of them of ,july flowers4 ,orange ,lilies are with the beautiful ,clematis recta1 a plant but little known though it is easy to grow and is one of the best of summer flowers4 ,one bed is for blue colouring with grey foliage4 ,here is the lovely ,delphinium ,belladonna1 with flowers of a blue purer than that of any others of its beautiful kind4 ,it never grows tall1 nor has it the strong1 robust aspect of the larger ones1 but what it lacks in vigour is more than made up for by the charming refinement of the whole plant4 ,in the same bed are the other pure blues of the rare double ,siberian ,larkspur1 and the single allied kind ,delphinium grandiflorum1 of ,salvia patens and of the ,cape ,daisy ,agathea clestis4 ,between the clumps of ,belladonna are bushes of white ,lavender1 and the whole is carpeted and edged with the white foliage of ,artemisia stelleriana1 the quite hardy plant that is such a good substitute for the tenderer ,cineraria maritima4 ,among the best flowers of ,july that have a place in this garden are the ,pentstemons planted last year4 ,we grow them afresh from cuttings every autumn1 planting them out in ,april4 ,they are not quite hardy1 and a bad winter may destroy all the last year's plants4 ,but if these can be saved they bloom in ,july1 whereas those planted in the spring of the year do not flower till later4 ,so we protect the older plants with fir-boughs and generally succeed in saving them4 ,old plants of ,snapdragon are also now in flower4 ,they too are a little tender in the open1 although they are safe in dry-walling with the roots out of the way of frost and the crowns kept dry among the stones4 ,much use is made of a dwarf kind of ,lavender1 that is also among the best of the ,july flowers4 ,the whole size of the plant is about one-third that of the ordinary kind2 the flowers are darker in colour and the time of blooming a good month earlier4 ,it has a different use in gardening1 as the flowers1 being more crowded and of a deeper tint1 make a distinct colour-effect4 ,besides its border use it is a plant for dry banks1 tops of rock-work and dry-walling4 ,illustration3 ,,rose ,,the ,,garland ,,in ,a ,,silver ,,holly4 ,illustration3 ,,eryngium ,,oliverianum4 ,,chapter ,,viii ,,the ,,flower ,,border ,,in ,,august ,by the second week of ,august the large flower border is coming to its best4 ,the western grey end1 with its main planting of hoary and glaucous foliage--,yucca1 ,sea ,kale1 ,cineraria maritima1 ,rue1 ,elymus1 ,santolina1 ,stachys1 c4--now has ,yucca flaccida in flower4 ,this neat1 small ,yucca1 one of the varieties or near relatives of filamentosa1 is a grand plant for late summer4 ,a well-established clump throws up a quantity of flower-spikes of that highly ornamental character that makes the best of these fine plants so valuable4 ,white ,everlasting ,pea1 planted about three feet from the back1 is trained on stout pea-sticks over the space occupied earlier by the ,delphiniums and the ,spiras4 ,a little of it runs into a bush of ,golden ,privet4 ,this ,golden ,privet is one of the few shrubs that has a place in the flower border4 ,its clean1 cheerful1 bright yellow gives a note of just the right colour all through the summer4 ,it has also a solidity of aspect that enhances by contrast the graceful lines of the foliage of a clump of the great ,japanese striped grass ,eulalia1 which stands within a few feet of it1 seven feet high1 shooting upright1 but with the ends of the leaves recurved4 ,snapdragons1 tall white and tall yellow1 spire up five feet high1 following the earlier ,foxgloves4 ,at the back is the pretty pink ,dahlia ,asia1 with sulphur and pale pink ,hollyhocks4 ,a little further along1 and staked out so as to take the place of the clumps of ,verbascum ,chaixii that were so fine in the end of ,june1 is ,dahlia ,mrs4 ,hawkins--palest yellow with a slight pink flush4 ,forward is a group of a ,pentstemon of palest pink colouring named ,spitzberg1 that ,i had from ,messrs4 ,barr's nursery1 then a patch or two of palest blue ,spiderwort1 and1 quite to the front1 in any spaces there may be among the grey foliage1 ,lobelia ,cobalt ,blue1 the taller ,lobelia tenuior1 and the pretty little blue-flowered ,cape ,daisy1 ,agathea clestis4 ,the whole border is backed by a stone wall eleven feet high1 now fully clothed with shrubs and plants that take their place in the colour-scheme1 either for tint of bloom or mass of foliage4 ,thus the red-leaved ,claret ,vine shows as background to the rich red region and ,robinia hispida stands where its pink clusters will tell rightly2 ,choisya and ,cistus cyprius where their dark foliage and white bloom will be of value2 the greyish foliage and abundant pale lilac blossom of ,abutilon vitifolium in the grey and purple region1 and the pale green foliage of the deciduous ,magnolia conspicua showing as a background to the tender blue of a charming pale ,delphinium4 ,the shrubs and plants on the wall are not all there because they are things rare and precious or absolutely needing the shelter of the wall1 though some of them are glad of it1 but because they give a background that either harmonises in detail with what is in front or will help to enrich or give general cohesion to the picture4 ,the front of the border has some important foliage giving a distinctly blue effect2 prominent among it ,sea ,kale4 ,the flower-stems are cut hard back in the earlier summer1 and it is now in handsome fresh leaf4 ,further back is the fine blue foliage of ,lyme ,grass 7,elymus arenarius71 a plant of our sea-shores1 but of much value for blue effects in the garden4 ,illustration3 ,,tall ,,campanulas ,,pyramidalis ,,and ,,lactiflora ,,in ,a ,,grey ,,border4 ,now is the time to begin to use our reserve of plants in pots4 ,of these the most useful are the ,hydrangeas4 ,they are dropped into any vacant spaces1 more or less in groups1 in the two ends of the border where there is grey foliage1 their pale pink colouring agreeing with these places4 ,their own leafage is a rather bright green1 but we get them so well bloomed that but few leaves are seen1 and we arrange as cleverly as we can that the rest shall be more or less hidden by the surrounding bluish foliage4 ,i stand a few paces off1 directing the formation of the groups2 considering their shape in relation to the border as a whole4 ,i say to the gardener that ,i want a ,hydrangea in such a place2 and tell him to find the nearest place where it can be dropped in4 ,sometimes this dropping in1 for the pots have to be partly sunk1 comes in the way of some established plant4 ,if it is a deep-rooted perennial that takes three or four years to come to its strength1 like an ,eryngium or a ,dictamnus1 of course ,i avoid encroaching on its root-room4 ,but if it is anything that blooms the season after it is planted1 and of which ,i have plenty in reserve1 such as an ,anthemis1 a ,tradescantia1 or a ,helenium1 ,i sacrifice a portion of the plant-group1 knowing that it can easily be replaced4 ,but then by ,august many of the plants have spread widely above and there is space below4 ,lilium longiflorum in pots is used in the same way1 and for the most part in this blue end of the border1 though there are also some at the further1 purple end1 and just a flash of their white beauty in the middle region of strong reds4 ,in order to use both blue and purple in the flower border1 this cool1 western1 grey-foliaged end has the blues1 and the further1 eastern end the purples4 ,for although ,i like to use colour as a general rule in harmonies rather than contrasts1 ,i have a dislike to bringing together blues and purples4 ,at this end1 therefore1 there are flowers of pure blue--,delphinium1 ,anchusa1 ,salvia1 ,blue ,cape ,daisy and ,lobelia1 and it is only when the main mass of blue1 of ,delphiniums and ,anchusas1 is over that even the presence of the pale grey-blue of ,campanula lactiflora could be tolerated4 ,near the front is another pale grey-blue1 that of ,clematis davidiana1 just showing a few blooms1 but not yet fully out4 ,now1 giving a pleasant rest and refreshment to the eye after the blues and greys1 is a well-shaped drift of the pale sulphur ,african ,marigold4 ,it was meant to be the dwarf variety1 but1 as it grows two and a half feet high1 it has been pulled down as it grew4 ,some of it has been brought down some way over the edge of the path1 where it breaks the general front line pleasantly and shows off its good soft colouring4 ,we grow only this pale colour and a good form of the splendid orange4 ,the intermediate one1 the full yellow ,african ,marigold1 has1 to my eye1 a raw quality that ,i am glad to avoid1 and ,i have other plants that give the strong yellow colour better4 ,now at the back are some plants of the single ,hollyhock ,hibiscus ficifolius1 white and pale yellow1 recalling1 as we merge into the stronger yellows1 the colouring of the region just left4 ,they are partly intergrouped with that excellent plant ,rudbeckia ,golden ,glow1 brilliant1 long-lasting1 and capable of varied kinds of useful treatment4 ,now we come to a group of the perennial ,sunflowers2 a good form of the double ,helianthus multiflorus in front1 and behind it the large single kind of the same plant4 ,by the side of these is a rather large group of a garden form of ,h4 orgyalis4 ,this is one of the perennial ,sunflowers that is usually considered not good enough for careful gardening4 ,it grows very tall1 and bears a smallish bunch of yellow flowers at the top4 ,if this were all it could do it would not be in my flower border4 ,but in front of it grows a patch of the fine ,tansy-like ,achillea ,eupatorium1 and in front of this again a wide-spreading group of ,eryngium oliverianum--beautiful all through ,july4 ,when the bloom of these is done the tall ,sunflower is trained down over them--this pulling down1 as in the case of so many plants1 causing it to throw up flower-stalks from the axils of every pair of leaves2 so that in ,september the whole thing is a sheet of bloom4 ,thus the plant that was hardly worth a place in the border becomes1 at its flowering time1 one of the brightest ornaments of the garden4 ,other plants that are in front of the ,sunflower1 that have also passed out of bloom1 are the ,scarlet ,bee-balm 7,monarda7 and the very useful alpine ,groundsel 7,senecio artemisifolius74 ,next we have an important group of a large-leaved ,canna1 the handsomest foliage in the border2 good to see when the sun is behind and the light comes through the leaves4 ,here also1 at the back1 is a patch of ,hollyhocks--one very dark1 almost a claret-red1 and a fine1 full red inclining to blood-colour4 ,they tower up together1 and close to them are ,dahlias1 the dark red ,lady ,ardilaun1 deep scarlet ,cochineal1 bright scarlet ,fire ,king1 and its variety ,orange ,fire ,king1 now the most brilliant piece of colouring in the garden4 ,these lead on to a gorgeous company--,phlox ,coquelicot1 scarlet ,pentstemon1 orange ,african ,marigold1 scarlet ,gladiolus1 and1 to the front1 a brilliant dwarf scarlet ,salvia2 ,helenium pumilum and scarlet and orange dwarf ,nasturtium4 ,here and there within this mass of bright colouring there is a patch of the fine deep yellow ,coreopsis lanceolata1 a plant of long-enduring bloom1 or rather of long succession1 for1 if the dead flowers are removed it will be brightly blossomed for a good three months4 ,as this gorgeous mass occupies a large space in the flower border1 ,i have thought well to subdue it here and there with the cloudy masses of ,gypsophila paniculata4 ,five-year-old plants of this form masses of the pretty mist-like bloom four feet across and as much high4 ,this bold introduction of grey among the colour-masses has considerable pictorial value4 ,as the grey changes1 towards the end of the month1 to a brownish tone1 some of the tall ,nasturtiums are allowed to grow over the bushes of ,gypsophila4 ,illustration3 ,,yucca ,,filamentosa ,,var4 ,,flaccida4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,grey ,,borders3 ,,stachys1 ,,gypsophila1 ,,lily1 ,,achillea ,,pearl ,,and ,,pink ,,hollyhock4 ,now we have got beyond the middle of the length of the border1 and the colour changes again to the clear and pale yellows1 and then again to the grey foliage as at the beginning4 ,where this occurs1 at a little more than two-thirds of the way along the border1 it is crossed by the path1 leading1 through an archway in the wall closed by a door1 to the garden beyond4 ,this cross-path is flanked by groups of ,yuccas1 slightly raised1 as will be seen in some of the illustrations4 7,see pp4 #ea1 #ajb47 ,yuccas all like a raised mound and some good loam to grow in4 ,i have them here as well as at the two extreme ends of the border4 ,no plants make a handsomer full-stop to any definite garden scheme4 ,the grey treatment comprises the two ,yucca mounds to right and left of the cross-path2 the other grey plants are as before--,cineraria maritima1 ,santolina1 ,stachys1 ,elymus and ,rue--but at this end1 besides some plants with white1 pink and palest yellow colouring1 the other flowers are not blues but purples1 light and dark4 ,among these a very useful thing is ,ageratum2 not the dwarf ,ageratum1 though this is good too in its place1 but the ordinary ,ageratum mexicanum1 a plant that grows about two feet high4 ,this is also the place for some of the earliest ,michaelmas ,daisies that will bloom in ,september1 such as ,aster acris and ,a4 ,shortii4 ,at the back there are ,dahlias1 white and pale yellow1 with white and sulphur ,hollyhocks1 and1 in the middle spaces1 pale pink ,gladiolus1 double ,saponaria officinalis1 and pale pink ,pentstemon4 ,at the back1 also1 there is a clump of ,globe ,thistle 7,echinops7 and a grand growth of ,clematis ,jackmanni1 following in season of bloom1 and partly led over1 a white ,everlasting ,pea1 that in the earlier summer was trained to conceal the dying stems of the red-orange ,lilies that bloomed in ,june4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is also a short length of double border specially devoted to ,august1 of the same character1 though not so fully developed1 as what will be described in a further chapter as the ,grey ,garden4 ,here1 the space being small1 it has been given specially to the more restricted season4 ,the scheme of colouring has a ground of grey foliage1 with flowers of pink1 white and light and dark purple4 ,next the path is the silvery white of ,stachys1 ,cineraria maritima1 and ,artemisia stelleriana1 with the grey foliage and faint purple of the second bloom of ,catmint4 ,then bushy masses of ,lavender and ,gypsophila1 and between them ,lilium longiflorum1 ,godetia ,double ,rose1 and white ,snapdragons4 ,behind and among these are groups of the clear white ,achillea1 ,the ,pearl1 and the round purple heads of ,globe ,thistle4 ,here and there1 pushing to the front1 is a ,silver ,thistle 7,eryngium giganteum74 ,at the back shoot up ,pink ,hollyhocks1 the kind being one of home growth known as ,pink ,beauty4 ,the deep green of a ,fig-tree that covers the upper part of the landing and outside stone steps to a loft is an excellent background to the tender greys of these ,august borders4 ,unfortunately1 the main group of pink ,hollyhock1 that should have stood up straight and tall and shown well against the window and silvery grey weather-boarding of the loft1 failed altogether last season2 in fact1 all the ,hollyhocks were poor and stunted1 so that an important part of the intended effect was lost4 99 99 99 99 99 ,of ,lavender hedges there are several1 of varying ages1 in different parts of the garden4 ,lavender for cutting should be from plants not more than four to five years old1 but for pictorial effect the bushes may be much older4 ,when they are growing old it is a good plan to plant white and purple ,clematises so that they can be trained freely through and over them4 ,there are comparatively few shrubs that flower in autumn1 so that it is quite a pleasant surprise to come upon a group of them all in bloom together4 ,the picture shows the satisfactory effect of a group of sculus macrostachya and ,olearia ,haastii4 ,it would have been all the better for some plants of the beautiful blue-flowered ,perowskya atriplicifolia and for ,caryopteris mastacanthus in front1 but at the time of planting ,i did not think of the ,caryopteris and did not know the ,perowskya4 7,see p4 #ge47 ,august is the month of ,china ,asters4 ,i find many people are shy of these capital plants1 perhaps because the mixtures1 such as are commonly grown1 contain rather harsh and discordant colours2 also perhaps because a good many of the kinds1 having been purposely dwarfed in order to fit them for pot-culture and bedding1 are too stiff to look pretty in general gardening4 ,such kinds will always have their uses1 but what is wanted now in the best gardening is more freedom of habit4 ,i have a little space that ,i give entirely to ,china ,asters4 ,i have often had the pleasure of showing it to some person who professed a dislike to them1 and with great satisfaction have heard them say1 with true admiration3 ,oh6 but ,i had no idea that ,china ,asters could be so beautiful4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,lavender ,,hedge4 ,illustration3 ,,sculus ,,macrostachya ,,and ,,olearia ,,haastii4 ,it is only a question of selection1 for the kinds are now so many and the colourings so various that there are ,china ,asters to suit all tastes and uses4 ,my own liking is for those of the pure violet-purple and lavender colours1 with whites2 and to plants with these clear1 clean tints my ,aster garden is restricted4 ,in other places ,i grow some of the tenderer pinks1 a good blood-red1 and a clear pale yellow2 but these are kept quite away from the purples4 ,the kinds chosen are within the ,giant ,comet1 ,ostrich ,plume and ,victoria classes--all plants with long-stalked bloom and a rather free habit of growth4 ,for some years ,i was much hindered from getting the colours ,i wanted from the inaccurate way in which they are described in seed-lists4 ,finally ,i paid a visit to the trial-grounds of one of our premier seed-houses1 and saw all the kinds and the colourings and made my own notes4 ,i cannot but think that a correct description of the colours1 instead of a fanciful one1 would help both customer and seed-merchant4 ,as it is1 the customer1 in order to get the desired flowers1 has to learn a code4 ,i have often observed1 in comparing ,french and ,english seed-lists1 that the ,french do their best to describe colours accurately1 but that the ,english use some wording which does not describe the colour1 but appears to be intended as a complimentary euphemism4 ,thus1 if ,i want a ,giant ,comet of that beautiful pale silvery lavender1 perhaps the loveliest colour of which a ,china ,aster is capable1 ,i have to ask for azure blue4 ,if ,i want a full lilac1 ,i must order blue2 if a full purple it is dark blue4 ,if ,i want a strong1 rich violet-purple1 ,i must beware of asking for purple1 for ,i shall get a terrible magenta such as one year spoilt the whole colour-scheme of my ,aster garden4 ,it is not as if the right colour-words were wanting1 for the language is rich in them--violet1 lavender1 lilac1 mauve1 purple2--these1 with slight additions1 will serve to describe the whole of the colourings falsely called blue4 ,the word blue should not be used at all in connexion with these flowers4 ,there are no blue ,china ,asters4 ,the diagram shows a simple arrangement for a little garden of ,china ,asters of the purple and white colourings4 ,the seed-list names are used in order to identify the sorts recommended4 ,a ,lavender hedge surrounds the whole2 the paths are edged with ,stachys lanata4 ,taking ,messrs4 ,sutton's list and translating into colour-words as usually understood1 the tints are3 ,azure blue ,tender pale lavender-lilac4 ,blue ,light purple4 ,dark blue ,rich dark purple4 ,i am very glad to learn that ,messrs4 ,sutton have in contemplation a revision of some of these puzzling colour-names4 ,illustration3 ,,plan ,,of ,a ,,small ,,garden ,,of ,,china ,,asters4 ,,chapter ,,ix ,,the ,,flower ,,borders ,,in ,,september ,the main flower border shows in ,september much the same aspect as in ,august4 ,but early in the month the middle mass of strong colouring1 enhanced by ,tritomas and the fuller bloom of ,dahlias1 is at its brightest4 ,the bold masses of ,canna foliage have also grown up and show their intended effect4 ,they form one of the highest points in the border4 ,no attempt is made to keep all the back-row plants standing high2 on the contrary1 many that would be the tallest are pulled down to do colour-work of medium height4 ,the effect is much more pictorial when the plants at the back rise only here and there to a height of nine or ten feet2 mounting gradually and by no means at equal distances1 but somewhat as the forms of greater altitude rise in the ridge of a mountain range4 ,the diagram shows how it comes in the case of my own border in ,september4 7,see p4 #eb47 ,rather near the front1 the bushy masses of ,gypsophila1 that a month ago were silvery grey1 have now turned to a brownish colour4 ,they are partly covered with trailing ,nasturtiums1 but the portions of brown cloud that remain tone well with the rich reds that are near them4 ,in the back of this region dark claret and blood-red ,hollyhocks still show colour1 and scarlet ,dahlias are a mass of gorgeous bloom4 ,their nearest neighbours are tall flaming ,tritomas with1 in front of them1 one of the dwarfer ,tritomas that is crowded with its orange-scarlet flowers of a rather softer tone4 ,then come scarlet ,gladiolus1 a wide group of a splendid red ,pentstemon1 and1 to the front1 an edging and partly carpeting mass of a good1 short-growing form of ,salvia splendens4 ,illustration3 ,,some ,,of ,,the ,,early ,,asters4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,september ,,garden4 ,after these strong reds comes a drift of the brilliant orange ,african ,marigold1 one of the most telling plants of the time of year4 ,coming to the yellows of middle strength1 there are some of the perennial ,sunflowers1 among them the one that seems to be a form of ,helianthus orgyalis1 described in the last chapter4 ,this and some others are trained down to cover plants now out of bloom4 ,the fine double ,rudbeckia called ,golden ,glow is treated in the same way4 ,intergrouped with it is a useful pale form of ,helianthus ltiflorus that takes up the colour when the ,rudbeckia is failing4 ,in the near end region of blue-grey foliage the bloom of ,clematis davidiana1 also of a greyish blue1 but of a colour-quality that is almost exclusively its own1 tones delightfully with its nearest neighbours of leaf and bloom4 ,about here some pots of ,plumbago capensis are dropped in2 their wide-ranging branches1 instead of being stiffly tied1 are trained over some bushy plants of leaden blue-foliaged ,rue4 ,near this1 and partly shooting up through some of the same setting1 are the spikes of a beautiful ,gladiolus of pale1 cool pink colour1 the much-prized gift of an ,american garden-loving friend4 ,tall white ,snapdragons1 five feet high1 show finely among the gracefully recurved leaves of the blue ,lyme ,grass4 ,beyond is a group of ,lilium auratum1 and in the more distant front1 pale sulphur ,african ,marigold1 just now at its best4 ,the further end of the border that also has grey foliage is bright with pink ,hydrangeas1 white and pink ,snapdragons1 white ,dahlias1 purple ,clematis1 ,lilium auratum and ,aster acris4 ,yucca flaccida is still in beauty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,there is another range of double border for the month of ,september alone4 ,it passes down through the middle of the kitchen garden and is approached by an arch of ,laburnum4 ,it is backed on each side by a ,hornbeam hedge some five and a half feet high4 ,this border is mainly for the earlier ,michaelmas ,daisies2 those that bloom in the first three weeks of the month4 ,grey foliage in plenty is to the front4 ,running in between the groups is ,artemisia stelleriana1 the quite hardy plant that so well imitates ,cineraria maritima2 there is also ,stachys and ,white ,pink4 ,further back among the flowers are drifts of the grey-blue ,lyme ,grass1 some grey bushes of ,phlomis and a silvery leaved ,willow1 kept to a suitable size by careful pruning4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,september ,,garden3 ,,lower ,,end4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,september ,,garden3 ,,upper ,,end4 ,illustration3 ,,begonias ,,in ,a ,,setting ,,of ,,megasea ,,foliage4 ,illustration3 ,,early ,,asters ,,and ,,pyrethrum ,,uliginosum4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,september ,,border ,,of ,,early ,,michaelmas ,,daisies4 ,the scheme of colouring consists of this groundwork of grey foliage1 with white1 lilac1 purple and pale pink flowers2 and1 breaking into this colouring in two or three distinct places1 flowers of pale yellow and yellowish white with suitable accompanying leafage4 ,there is also1 in quite another part of the garden1 a later border of other ,michaelmas ,daisies that will follow this in time of blooming4 ,but the ,september borders have a very different appearance because of their flowers of pink and yellow1 colours which are absent in those of the later season4 ,the yellow flowers are the pale sulphur ,african ,marigold and pale yellow and whitish yellow tall ,snapdragons1 with bordering masses of variegated ,coltsfoot1 and the ,golden ,feather ,feverfew allowed to bloom4 ,the pink colourings are the wide-headed ,sedum spectabile1 pink ,japan ,anemone and a few pale pink ,gladioli4 ,the whites are ,dahlias ,constance and ,henry ,patrick1 ,pyrethrum uliginosum1 the charming perennial ,aster ,colerette ,blanche1 a taller white or yellowish white ,aster with rough stems and harsh-feeling foliage that ,i know as ,a4 umbellatus4 ,here also are white ,japan ,anemones1 white ,snapdragons and white ,china ,asters of the large1 long-stemmed late-blooming kind that were formerly known as ,vick's1 but are now called ,mammoth4 ,among the grey bordering plants are groups of dwarf ,ageratum1 one of the best of the tender plants of ,september and quite excellent with the accompanying grey foliage4 ,the grey bordering is not merely an edging but a general front groundwork1 running here and there a yard deep into the border4 99 99 99 99 99 ,begonias are at their best throughout the month of ,september4 ,beds of ,begonias alone never seem to me quite satisfactory4 ,here there is no opportunity for growing them in beds1 but ,i have them in a bit of narrow border that is backed by shrubs1 but is kept constantly enriched4 ,a groundwork of the large-leaved form of ,megasea cordifolia is planted so as to surround variously sized groups of ,begonias--groups of from five to nine plants4 ,the setting of the more solid leaves gives the ,begonias a better appearance and makes their bright bloom tell more vividly4 ,they follow in this sequence of colouring3 yellow1 white1 palest pink1 full pink1 rose1 deep red1 deep rose1 salmon-rose1 red-lead colour or orange-scarlet1 scarlet1 red-lead and orange4 ,it is a matter of great regret that the best kind of ,dahlias for garden effect have lost favour with nurserymen1 so that it is now difficult1 if not impossible1 to obtain from them the most desirable kinds4 ,these are a selection of those that were first called ,cactus ,dahlias1 much more free in form than the old show ,dahlias1 but with the petals not attenuated and pointed as they are in the modern ,cactus kinds4 ,the greater number of these1 pretty though their individual blooms are on the show-table1 are but of little use in the garden1 whereas the old sorts1 ,king of the ,cactus1 ,cochineal1 ,lady ,ardilaun1 ,fire ,king and ,orange ,fire ,king are among the most gorgeous of our ,september flowers4 ,in the same class are3 ,mrs4 ,hawkins1 palest lemon flushed with pink2 ,william ,pearse1 bright yellow2 ,lady ,m4 ,marsham1 bright copper2 ,j4 ,w4 ,standling1 orange1 7the two last about four feet high72 and the two good whites1 ,constance and ,henry ,patrick4 ,of these1 all in my opinion indispensable kinds1 only ,fire ,king1 as far as ,i am aware1 survives in contemporary trade lists4 ,,chapter ,x ,,wood ,,and ,,shrubbery ,,edges ,opportunities for good gardening are so often overlooked that it may be well to draw attention to some of those that are most commonly neglected4 ,when woodland joins garden ground there is too often a sudden jolt2 the wood ends with a hard line1 sometimes with a path along it1 accentuating the defect4 ,when the wood is of ,scotch ,fir of some age there is a monotonous emptiness of naked trunk and bare ground4 ,in wild moorland this is characteristic and has its own beauty2 it may even pleasantly accompany the garden when there is only a view into it here and there2 but when the path passes along1 furlong after furlong1 with no attempt to bring the wood into harmony with the garden1 then the monotony becomes oppressive and the sudden jolt is unpleasantly perceived4 ,there is the well-stocked garden and there is the hollow wood with no cohesion between the two--no sort of effort to make them join hands4 ,it would have been better if from the first the garden had not been brought quite so close to the wood1 then the space between1 anything from twenty-five to forty feet1 might have been planted so as to bring them into unison4 ,in such a case the path would go1 not next the trees but along the middle of the neutral ground and would be so planted as to belong equally to garden and wood4 ,the trees would then take their place as the bounding and sheltering feature4 ,it is better to plan it like this at first than to gain the space by felling the outer trees1 because the trees at the natural wood edge are better furnished with side branches4 ,such ground on the shady side of the ,scotch ,firs would be the best possible site for a ,rhododendron walk1 and for ,azaleas and ,kalmias1 kept distinct from the ,rhododendrons4 ,then the ,scotch ,fir indicates the presence of a light peaty soil2 the very thing for that excellent but much-neglected undershrub ,gaultheria ,shallon4 ,this is one of the few things that will grow actually under the ,firs1 not perhaps in the densest part of an old wood1 but anywhere about its edges1 or where any light comes in at a clearing or along a cart-way4 ,when once established it spreads with a steady abundance of increase1 creeping underground and gradually clothing more and more of the floor of the wood4 ,the flower and fruit have already been shown at pp4 #ah-ai4 ,illustration3 ,,garland ,,rose1 ,,where ,,garden ,,joins ,,wood4 ,illustration3 ,,polygonum ,,compactum ,,and ,,megasea ,,at ,a ,,wood ,,edge4 ,illustration3 ,,lilies ,,and ,,funkias ,,at ,a ,,shrubbery ,,edge4 ,illustration3 ,,olearia ,,gunni1 ,,fern ,,and ,,funkia ,,at ,a ,,shrubbery ,,edge4 ,rhododendrons are usually planted much too close together4 ,this is a great mistake2 they should not be nearer than eight to ten feet1 or even further1 apart1 especially in the case of ponticum and some of the larger growing kinds4 ,it is a common practice to fill up the edges of their prepared places with a collection of ,heaths4 ,the soil will no doubt suit ,heaths1 but ,i never do it or recommend it because ,i feel that the right place for ,heaths is quite open ground1 and there are other plants that ,i think look better with the young ,rhododendrons4 ,for my own liking the best of these are hardy ,ferns--,male ,fern1 ,lady ,fern and ,dilated ,shield ,fern1 with groups of ,lilies3 ,l4 longiflorum and the lovely rosy ,l4 rubellum towards the front1 and ,l4 auratum further back4 ,some of the ,andromedas1 especially ,catesbi and axillaris of the ,leucotho section are capital plants for this use4 ,besides ,lilies1 a few other flowering plants suitable for the ,rhododendron walk are3 white ,foxgloves1 white ,columbine1 white ,epilobium angustifolium1 ,trillium1 ,epimedium pinnatum1 ,uvularia grandiflora1 ,dentaria diphylla and ,gentiana asclepiadea4 ,in the same region1 and also partly as edgings to the ,rhododendron clumps1 suitable small bushes are ,rhododendron myrtifolium1 the ,alpenrose 7,r4 ferruginium7 and the sweet-leaved ,ledum palustre4 99 99 99 99 99 ,when the garden comes on the sunny side of the wood the planting would be quite different4 ,here is the place for ,cistuses2 for the bolder groups the best are ,c4 laurifolius and ,c4 cyprius1 backed by plantings of ,tamarisk1 ,arbutus and ,white ,broom1 with here and there a free-growing ,rose of the wilder sort1 such as the type polyantha and ,brunonis4 ,if the fir-boughs come down within reach1 the wild ,clematis 7,c4 ,vitalba7 can be led into them2 it will soon ramble up the tree1 filling it with its pretty foliage and abundance of ,august bloom4 ,the ,cistuses delight in a groundwork of ,heath2 the wild ,calluna looks as well as any1 but if cultivated kinds are used they should be in good quantities of one sort at a time1 and never as hard edgings1 but as free carpeting masses4 ,for the edges of other kinds of woodland the free ,roses are always beautiful2 where a ,holly comes to the front1 a ,rose such as ,dundee ,rambler or the ,garland will grow up it1 supported by its outer branches in the most delightful way4 ,the wild ,clematis is in place here too1 also the shade-loving plants already named4 ,in deciduous woodland there is probably some undergrowth of ,hazel1 or of ,bramble and wild ,honeysuckle4 ,white ,foxgloves should be planted at the edge and a little way back1 ,daffodils for the time when the leaves are not yet there1 and ,lily of the ,valley1 whose charming bloom and brilliant foliage come with the young leaves of ,may4 ,where the wood comes nearest the house with only lawn between1 it is well to have a grouping of hardy ,ferns and ,lilies2 where it is giving place to garden ground and there is a shrubby background1 the smaller ,polygonums1 such as ,p4 compactum1 are in place4 ,illustration3 ,,ferns ,,and ,,lilies ,,at ,a ,,shrubbery ,,edge ,,next ,,the ,,wood4 ,illustration3 ,,gypsophila ,,and ,,megasea ,,at ,a ,,shrubbery ,,edge4 ,the spaces more or less wide between large shrubs and turf are full of opportunities for ingenious treatment2 they are just the places most often neglected1 or at any rate not well enough considered4 ,i have always taken delight in working out satisfactory ways of treating them4 ,it seems desirable to have1 next the grass1 some foliage of rather distinct and important size or form4 ,for this use the ,megaseas are invaluable2 the one most generally useful being the large variety of ,m4 cordifolia4 ,funkias are also beautiful1 but as their leaves come late and go with the first frosts or even earlier1 whereas the ,megaseas persist the whole year round1 the latter are the most generally desirable4 ,these shrub-edge spaces occur for the most part in bays1 giving an inducement to invent a separate treatment for each bay4 ,the two illustrations with the front planting of ,funkia ,sieboldi are two adjoining bays2 one showing the charming shrubby ,aster ,olearia ,gunni in the middle of ,june1 the other some groups of ,lilium longiflorum1 planted in ,november of the year before1 and in bloom in early ,august4 ,sometimes a single plant of ,gypsophila paniculata will fill the whole of one of the recesses or bays between the larger shrubs2 ,hydrangea paniculata is another good filling plant1 and the hardy ,fuchsias2 both of these1 though really woody shrubs1 being cut down every winter and treated as herbaceous plants4 ,there is a small growing perennial ,aster--,i will not venture on its specific name1 but have seen it figured in an ,american book of wild flowers as divaricata1 and provisionally know it by that name4 ,i find it1 in conjunction with ,megasea1 one of the most useful of these filling plants for edge spaces that just want some pretty trimming but are not wide enough for anything larger4 ,the same group was photographed two years running4 ,the first year the bloom was a little thicker below1 but the second ,i thought it still better when it had partly rambled up into the lower branches of the ,weigela that stood behind it4 ,the little thin starry flower is white and is borne in branching heads2 the leaves are lance-shaped and sharply pointed2 but when the plant is examined in the hand its most distinct character is the small fine wire-like stem1 smooth and nearly black1 that branches about in an angular way of its own4 ,these are only a very few examples of what may also be done in a number of other ways1 but if they serve to draw attention to those generally neglected shrub edges1 it may be to the benefit of many gardens4 ,where there is room for a good group of plants they should be of some size or solidity of character such as ,tree ,lupine1 ,peony1 ,acanthus1 ,spira ,aruncus1 the larger hardy ,ferns1 ,rubus nutkanus or plants of some such size and character4 ,the low-growing ,bambusa tessellata is a capital shrub-edge plant4 ,illustration3 ,,lilies ,,and ,,ferns ,,at ,,the ,,wood ,,edge ,,near ,,the ,,lawn4 ,illustration3 ,,small ,,wire-,,stemmed ,,aster ,,at ,,shrub ,,edge4 ,,second ,,year ,,after ,,planting4 ,illustration3 ,,small ,,wire-,,stemmed ,,aster ,,at ,,shrub ,,edge4 ,,third ,,year ,,after ,,planting4 ,illustration3 ,,stob,a ,,purpurea1 ,a ,,grey ,,garden ,,wall ,,plant ,,for ,a ,,sunny ,,place4 ,,chapter ,,xi ,,gardens ,,of ,,special ,,colouring ,it is extremely interesting to work out gardens in which some special colouring predominates1 and to those who1 by natural endowment or careful eye-cultivation1 possess or have acquired what artists understand by an eye for colour1 it opens out a whole new range of garden delights4 ,arrangements of this kind are sometimes attempted1 for occasionally ,i hear of a garden for blue plants1 or a white garden1 but ,i think such ideas are but rarely worked out with the best aims4 ,i have in mind a whole series of gardens of restricted colouring1 though ,i have not1 alas1 either room or means enough to work them out for myself1 and have to be satisfied with an all-too-short length of double border for a grey scheme4 ,but1 besides my small grey garden ,i badly want others1 and especially a gold garden1 a blue garden1 and a green garden2 though the number of these desires might easily be multiplied4 ,it is a curious thing that people will sometimes spoil some garden project for the sake of a word4 ,for instance1 a blue garden1 for beauty's sake1 may be hungering for a group of white ,lilies1 or for something of palest lemon-yellow1 but it is not allowed to have it because it is called the blue garden1 and there must be no flowers in it but blue flowers4 ,i can see no sense in this2 it seems to me like fetters foolishly self-imposed4 ,surely the business of the blue garden is to be beautiful as well as to be blue4 ,my own idea is that it should be beautiful first1 and then just as blue as may be consistent with its best possible beauty4 ,moreover1 any experienced colourist knows that the blues will be more telling--more purely blue--by the juxtaposition of rightly placed complementary colour4 ,how it may be done is shown in the plan1 for1 as ,i cannot have these gardens myself1 it will be some consolation to suggest to those who may be in sympathy with my views1 how they may be made4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,grey garden is so called because most of its plants have grey foliage1 and all the carpeting and bordering plants are grey or whitish4 ,the flowers are white1 lilac1 purple1 and pink4 ,it is a garden mostly for ,august1 because ,august is the time when the greater number of suitable plants are in bloom1 but a ,grey garden could also be made for ,september1 or even ,october1 because of the number of ,michaelmas ,daisies that can be brought into use4 ,a plan is given of a connected series of gardens of special colouring4 ,for the sake of clearness they are shown in as simple a form as possible1 but the same colour-scheme could be adapted to others of more important design and larger extent4 ,the ,gold garden is chosen for the middle1 partly because it contains the greater number of permanent shrubs and is bright and cheerful all the year round1 and partly because it is the best preparation1 according to natural colour-law1 for the enjoyment of the compartments on either side4 ,it is supposed that the house is a little way away to the north1 with such a garden-scheme close to it as may best suit its style and calibre4 ,then ,i would have a plantation of shrubs and trees4 ,the shade and solidity of this would rest and refresh the eye and mind1 making them the more ready to enjoy the colour garden4 ,suddenly entering the ,gold garden1 even on the dullest day1 will be like coming into sunshine4 ,through the shrub-wood there is also a path to right and left parallel to the long axis of the colour garden1 with paths turning south at its two ends1 joining the ends of the colour-garden paths4 ,this has been taken into account in arranging the sequence of the compartments4 ,the hedges that back the borders and form the partitions are for the most part of ,yew1 grown and clipped to a height of seven feet4 ,but in the case of the ,gold garden1 where the form is larger and more free than in the others1 there is no definite hedge1 but a planting of unclipped larger gold ,hollies1 and the beautiful ,golden ,plane1 so cut back and regulated as to keep within the desired bounds4 ,this absence of a stiff hedge gives more freedom of aspect and a better cohesion with the shrub-wood4 ,in the case of the ,grey garden the hedge is of ,tamarisk 7,tamarix gallica71 whose feathery grey-green is in delightful harmony with the other foliage greys4 ,it will be seen on the plan that where this joins the ,gold garden the hedge is double1 for it must be of gold ,holly on one side and of ,tamarisk on the other4 ,at the entrances and partition where the path passes1 the hedge shrubs are allowed to grow higher1 and are eventually trained to form arches over the path4 ,in the ,gold and ,green gardens1 the shrubs1 which form the chief part of the planting1 are shown as they will be after some years' growth4 ,it is best to have them so from the first4 ,if1 in order to fill the space at once1 several are planted where one only should eventually stand1 the extra ones being removed later1 the one left probably does not stand quite right4 ,i strongly counsel the placing of them singly at first1 and that until they have grown the space should be filled with temporary plants4 ,of these1 in the ,gold garden1 the most useful will be nothera lamarckiana1 ,verbascum olympicum1 and ,v4 phlomoides1 with more ,spanish ,broom than the plan shows till the gold ,hollies are grown2 and yellow-flowered annuals1 such as the several kinds of ,chrysanthemum coronarium1 both single and double1 and ,coreopsis ,drummondi2 also a larger quantity of ,african ,marigolds1 the pale primrose and the lemon-coloured4 ,the fine tall yellow ,snapdragons will also be invaluable4 ,flowers of a deep orange colour1 such as the orange ,african ,marigold1 so excellent for their own use1 are here out of place1 only those of pale and middle yellow being suitable4 ,in such a garden it will be best to have1 next the path1 either a whole edging of dwarf1 gold-variegated ,box-bushes about eighteen inches to two feet high1 or a mixed planting of these and small bushes of gold-variegated ,euonymus clipped down to not much over two feet4 ,the edge next the path would be kept trimmed to a line4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,grey ,,borders3 ,,gypsophila1 ,,echinops1 ,,pink ,,hollyhock1 ,,heliotrope ,,and ,,silver ,,thistle4 ,illustration3 ,,october ,,borders ,,of ,,michaelmas ,,daisies4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,september ,,grey ,,garden4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,grey ,,border3 ,,pink ,,hollyhock1 ,,echinops1 ,,achillea ,,pearl1 ,,gypsophila1 ,,stachys1 etc4 ,illustration3 ,,special ,,colour ,,garden--,,general ,,plan4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,quarter ,,of ,,the ,,gold ,,garden4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,orange ,,garden4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,grey ,,garden4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,blue ,,garden4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,green ,,garden4 ,the strength of colour and degree of variation is so great that it is well worth going to a nursery to pick out all these gold-variegated plants4 ,it is not enough to tell the gardener to get them4 ,there should be fervour on the part of the garden's owner such as will take him on a gold-plant pilgrimage to all good nurseries within reach1 or even to some rather out of reach4 ,no good gardening comes of not taking pains4 ,all good gardening is the reward of well-directed and strongly sustained effort4 ,where1 in the ,gold garden1 the paths meet and swing round in a circle1 there may be some accentuating ornament--a sundial1 a stone vase for flowers1 or a tank for a yellow ,water-lily4 ,if a sundial1 and there should be some incised lettering1 do not have the letters gilt because it is the ,gold garden2 the colour and texture of gilding are quite out of place4 ,if there is a tank1 do not have goldfish2 their colour is quite wrong4 ,never hurt the garden for the sake of the tempting word4 ,the word gold in itself is1 of course1 an absurdity2 no growing leaf or flower has the least resemblance to the colour of gold4 ,but the word may be used because it has passed into the language with a commonly accepted meaning4 ,i have always felt a certain hesitation in using the free-growing perennial ,sunflowers4 ,for one thing1 the kinds with the running roots are difficult to keep in check1 and their yearly transplantation among other established perennials is likely to cause disturbance and injury to their neighbours4 ,then1 in so many neglected gardens they have been let run wild1 surviving when other plants have been choked1 that1 half unconsciously1 one has come to hold them cheap and unworthy of the best use4 ,i take it that my own impression is not mine alone1 for often when ,i have been desired to do planting-plans for flower borders1 ,i have been asked not to put in any of these ,sunflowers because they are so common4 ,but nothing is common in the sense of base or unworthy if it is rightly used1 and it seems to me that this ,gold garden is just the place where these bright autumn flowers may be employed to great advantage4 ,i have therefore shown ,helianthus rigidus and its tall-growing variety ,miss ,mellish1 although the colour of both is quite the deepest ,i should care to advise2 the paler yellow of ,h4 ltiflorus being better1 especially the capital pale form of this ,sunflower1 and of one that ,i know as a variety of ,h4 orgyalis1 described at p4 #fi4 ,the golden ,planes1 where the path comes in from the north1 are of course deciduous1 and it might be well to have gold ,hollies again at the back of these1 or gold ,yews1 to help the winter effect4 ,in some places in the plan the word gold has been omitted1 but the yellow-leaved or yellow-variegated form of the shrub is always intended4 ,there is a graceful cut-leaved ,golden ,elder that is desirable1 as well as the common one4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,detail ,,of ,,the ,,grey ,,september ,,garden4 ,,perennial ,,asters ,,and ,,white ,,china ,,aster ,,mammoth ,,in ,,front4 ,perhaps the ,grey garden is seen at its best by reaching it through the orange borders4 ,here the eye becomes filled and saturated with the strong red and yellow colouring4 ,d on the plan stands for ,dahlia2 the other plant names are written in full4 ,this filling with the strong1 rich colouring has the natural effect of making the eye eagerly desirous for the complementary colour1 so that1 standing by the inner ,yew arch and suddenly turning to look into the ,grey garden1 the effect is surprisingly--quite astonishingly--luminous and refreshing4 ,one never knew before how vividly bright ,ageratum could be1 or ,lavender or ,nepeta2 even the grey-purple of ,echinops appears to have more positive colour than one's expectation would assign to it4 ,the purple of the ,clematises of the ,jackmanii class becomes piercingly brilliant1 while the grey and glaucous foliage looks strangely cool and clear4 ,the plan shows the disposition of the plants1 with grey-white edging of ,cineraria maritima1 ,stachys and ,santolina4 ,there are groups of ,lavender with large-flowered ,clematises 7,c in the plan7 placed so that they may be trained close to them and partly over them4 ,there are the monumental forms of the taller ,yuccas1 ,y4 gloriosa and its variety recurva towards the far angles1 and1 nearer the front 7marked ,yucca in plan71 the free-blooming ,yucca filamentosa of smaller size4 ,the flower-colouring is of purple1 pink and white4 ,besides the ,yuccas1 the other white flowers are ,lilium longiflorum and ,lilium candidum 7,l ,c on plan71 the clear white ,achillea ,the ,pearl and the grey-white clouds of ,gypsophila paniculata4 ,the pink flowers are ,sutton's ,godetia ,double ,rose1 sown in place early in ,may1 the beautiful clear pink ,hollyhock ,pink ,beauty1 and the pale pink ,double ,soapwort4 ,clematis and white ,everlasting ,pea are planted so that they can be trained to cover the ,gypsophila when its bloom is done and the seed-pods are turning brown4 ,as soon as it loses its grey colouring the flowering tops are cut off1 and the ,pea and ,clematis1 already brought near1 are trained over4 ,when the ,gypsophila is making its strong growth in ,may1 the shoots are regulated and supported by some stiff branching spray that is stuck among it4 ,a little later this is quite hidden1 but it remains as a firm sub-structure when the top of the ,gypsophila is cut back and the other plants are brought over4 ,elymus is the blue-green ,lyme ,grass1 a garden form of the handsome blue-leaved grass that grows on the seaward edges of many of our sea-shore sandhills4 ,the ,soapwort next to it is the double form of ,saponaria officinalis1 found wild in many places4 ,of ,ageratum1 two kinds are used--a brightly coloured one of the dwarf kinds for places near the front1 where it tells as a close mass of colour1 and the tall ,a4 mexicanum for filling up further back in the border1 where it shows as a diffuse purple cloud4 ,the ,nepeta is the good garden ,catmint 7,n4 ,mussini74 ,its normal flowering time is ,june1 but it is cut half back1 removing the first bloom1 by the middle of the month1 when it at once makes new flowering shoots4 ,illustration3 ,,yuccas ,,and ,,grey ,,foliage4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,front ,,edge ,,of ,,grey ,,foliage4 ,now1 after the grey plants1 the ,gold garden looks extremely bright and sunny4 ,a few minutes suffice to fill the eye with the yellow influence1 and then we pass to the ,blue garden1 where there is another delightful shock of eye-pleasure4 ,the brilliancy and purity of colour are almost incredible4 ,surely no blue flowers were ever so blue before6 ,that is the impression received4 ,for one thing1 all the blue flowers used1 with the exception of ,eryngium and ,clematis davidiana1 are quite pure blues2 these two are grey-blues4 ,there are no purple-blues1 such as the bluest of the ,campanulas and the perennial ,lupines2 they would not be admissible4 ,with the blues are a few white and palest yellow flowers2 the foam-white ,clematis recta1 a delightful foil to ,delphinium ,belladonna2 white perennial ,lupine with an almond-like softness of white2 ,spira ,aruncus1 another foam-coloured flower4 ,then milk-white ,tree ,lupine1 in its carefully decreed place near the bluish foliage of ,rue and ,yucca4 ,then there is the tender citron of ,lupine ,somerset and the full canary of the tall yellow ,snapdragon1 the diffused pale yellow of the soft plumy ,thalictrum and the strong canary of ,lilium szovitzianum1 with white ,everlasting ,pea and white ,hollyhock at the back4 ,white-striped ,maize grows up to cover the space left empty by the ,delphiniums when their bloom is over1 and pots of ,plumbago capense are dropped in to fill empty spaces4 ,one group of this is trained over the bluish-leaved ,clematis recta1 which goes out of flower with the third week of ,july4 ,yuccas1 both of the large and small kinds1 are also used in the ,blue garden1 and white ,lilies1 candidum and longiflorum4 ,there is foliage both of glaucous and of bright green colour1 besides an occasional patch of the silvery ,eryngium giganteum4 ,at the front edge are the two best ,funkias1 ,f4 grandiflora1 with leaves of bright yellow-green1 and ,f4 ,sieboldi1 whose leaves are glaucous4 ,the variegated ,coltsfoot is a valuable edge-plant where the yellowish white of its bold parti-colouring is in place1 and ,i find good use for the variegated form of the handsome ,grass ,glyceria or ,poa aquatica4 ,though this is a plant whose proper place is in wet ground1 it will accommodate itself to the flower border1 but it is well to keep it on the side away from the sun4 ,it harmonises well in colour with the ,coltsfoot2 as a garden plant it is of the same class as the old ,ribbon ,grass1 but is very much better4 ,the great white-striped ,japanese grass1 ,eulalia japonica striata 7,,eu on the plan71 is planted behind the ,delphiniums at the angles1 and groups well with the ,maize just in front4 ,from the ,blue garden1 passing eastward1 we come to the ,green garden4 ,shrubs of bright and deep green colouring and polished leaf-surface predominate4 ,here are green ,aucubas and ,skimmias1 with ,ruscus racemosus1 the beautiful ,alexandrian or ,victory ,laurel1 and more polished foliage of ,acanthus1 ,funkia1 ,asarum1 ,lilium candidum and longiflorum1 and ,iris ftidissima4 ,then feathery masses of paler green1 ,male ,fern and ,lady ,fern and ,myrrhis odorata1 the handsome fern-like ,sweet ,cicely of old ,english gardens4 ,in the angles are again ,eulalias1 but these are the variety zebrina with the leaves barred across with yellow4 ,in the ,green garden the flowers are fewer and nearly all white--,campanulas latifolia and persicifolia1 ,lilies1 ,tulips1 ,foxgloves1 ,snapdragons1 ,peonies1 ,hellebores--giving just a little bloom for each season to accompany the general scheme of polished and fern-like foliage4 ,a little bloom of palest yellow shows in the front in ,may and ,june1 with the flowers of ,uvularia and ,epimedium4 ,but the ,green garden1 for proper development1 should be on a much larger scale4 ,,chapter ,,xii ,,climbing ,,plants ,when one sees climbing plants or any of the shrubs that are so often used as climbers1 planted in the usual way on a house or wall1 about four feet apart and with no attempt at arrangement1 it gives one that feeling of regret for opportunities lost or misused that is the sentiment most often aroused in the mind of the garden critic in the great number of pleasure-grounds that are planted without thought or discernment4 ,not infrequently in passing along a country road1 with eye alert to note the beauties that are so often presented by little wayside cottage gardens1 something is seen that may well serve as a lesson in better planting4 ,the lesson is generally one that teaches greater simplicity--the doing of one thing at a time2 the avoidance of overmuch detail4 ,one such cottage has under the parlour window an old bush of ,pyrus japonica4 ,it had been kept well spurred back and must have been a mass of gorgeous bloom in early spring4 ,the rest of the cottage was embowered in an old ,grape ,vine1 perhaps of all wall plants the most beautiful1 and1 ,i always think1 the most harmonious with cottages or small houses of the cottage class4 ,it would seem to be least in place on the walls of houses of classical type1 though such houses are often unsuitable for any wall plants4 ,still there are occasions where the noble polished foliage of ,magnolia comes admirably on their larger spaces1 and the clear-cut refinement of ,myrtle on their lesser areas of wall-surface4 ,illustration3 ,,hardy ,,grape ,,vine ,,on ,,south ,,side ,,of ,,house4 ,illustration3 ,,hardy ,,grape ,,vine ,,on ,,house ,,wall4 ,it is1 like all other matters of garden planning1 a question of knowledge and good taste4 ,the kind of wall or house and its neighbouring forms are taken into account and a careful choice is made of the most suitable plants4 ,for my own part ,i like to give a house1 whatever its size or style1 some dominant note in wall-planting4 ,in my own home1 which is a house of the large cottage class1 the prevailing wall-growths are ,vines and ,figs in the south and west1 and1 in a shady northward facing court between two projecting wings1 ,clematis montana on the two cooler sides1 and again a ,vine upon the other4 ,at one angle on the warmer side of the house where the height to the eaves is not great1 ,china ,roses have been trained up1 and ,rosemary1 which clothes the whole foot of the wall1 is here encouraged to rise with it4 ,the colour of the ,china ,rose bloom and the dusky green of the ,rosemary are always to me one of the most charming combinations4 ,in remembrance of the cottage example lately quoted there is ,pyrus japonica under the long sitting-room window4 ,i remember another cottage that had a porch covered with the golden balls of ,kerria japonica1 and ,china ,roses reaching up the greater part of the low walls of half timber and plastering2 the pink ,roses seeming to ask one which of them were the loveliest in colour2 whether it was those that came against the silver-grey of the old oak or those that rested on the warm-white plaster4 ,it should be remembered that of all ,roses the pink ,china is the one that is more constantly in bloom than any other1 for its first flowers are perfected before the end of ,may1 and in sheltered places the later ones last till ,christmas4 ,the ,clematis montana in the court riots over the wall facing east and up over the edge of the roof4 ,at least it appears to riot1 but is really trained and regulated2 the training favouring its natural way of throwing down streamers and garlands of its long bloom-laden cordage4 ,at one point it runs through and over a ,guelder ,rose that is its only wall companion4 ,then it turns to the left and is trained in garlands along a moulded oak beam that forms the base of a timbered wall with plastered panels4 ,but this is only one way of using this lovely climbing plant4 ,placed at the foot of any ragged tree--old worn-out ,apple or branching ,thorn--or a rough brake of ,bramble and other wild bushes1 it will soon fill or cover it with its graceful growth and bounteous bloom4 ,it will rush up a tall ,holly or clothe an old hedgerow where thorns have run up and become thin and gappy1 or cover any unsightly sheds or any kind of outbuilding4 ,all ,clematises prefer a chalky soil1 but montana does not insist on this1 and in my pictures they are growing in sandy ground4 ,in the end of ,may it comes into bloom1 and is at its best in the early days of ,june4 ,when the flowers are going over and the white petals show that slightly shrivelled surface that comes before they fall1 they give off a sweet scent like vanilla4 ,this cannot always be smelt from the actual flowers1 but is carried by the air blowing over the flowering mass2 it is a thing that is often a puzzle to owners of gardens some time in the second week of ,june4 ,illustration3 ,,vine ,,and ,,fig ,,at ,,door ,,of ,,mushroom ,,house4 ,illustration3 ,,clematis ,,montana ,,at ,,angle ,,of ,,court4 ,illustration3 ,,clematis ,,montana ,,over ,,workshop ,,window4 ,illustration3 ,,clematis ,,montana ,,trained ,,as ,,garlands4 ,illustration3 ,,clematis ,,flammula ,,and ,,spir,a ,,lindleyana ,,on ,a ,,wall4 ,illustration3 ,,abutilon ,,vitifolium4 ,illustration3 ,,ipom,a ,,heavenly ,,blue ,,and ,,chasselas ,,vine4 ,illustration3 ,,solanum ,,jasminoides4 ,illustration3 ,,clematis ,,flammula ,,on ,,angle ,,of ,,cottage4 ,illustration3 ,,clematis ,,flammula ,,on ,,cottage4 ,another of these ,clematises1 that1 like the montana of gardens1 is very near the wild species and is good for all the same purposes1 is ,c4 ,flammula1 blooming in ,september4 ,very slightly trained it takes the form of flowery clouds4 ,the illustrations show it used in various ways1 on a cottage1 on an oak-paled fence and on a wall combined with the feathery foliage of ,spira ,lindleyana4 ,i do not think there is any incident in my garden that has been more favourably noticed than the happy growth of these two plants together4 ,the wall faces north a little west1 and every year it is a delight to see not only the beauty of associated form1 but the loveliness of the colouring2 for the ,clematis bloom has the warm white of foam and the ,spira has leaves of the rather pale green of ,lady ,fern besides a graceful fern-like form1 and a slight twist or turn also of a fern-like character4 ,but this ,clematis has many other uses1 for bowers1 arches and pergolas1 as well as for many varied aspects of wild gardening4 ,a shrub for wall use that is much neglected though of the highest beauty is ,abutilon vitifolium4 ,in our northern and midland counties it may not be hardy1 but it does well anywhere south of ,london4 ,the flowers1 each two and a half inches across1 are borne in large1 loose clusters1 their tender lavender colour harmonising perfectly with the greyish1 downy foliage4 ,there is no lovelier or purer blue than that of the newly opened ,ipoma rubro-crulea1 popularly known as ,heavenly ,blue and well deserving the name4 ,it must be raised in heat early in the year and be put out in ,june against a warm wall4 ,here it is in a narrow border at the foot of a wall facing south-west1 where1 by the aid of a few short pea-sticks1 it climbs into the lower branches of a ,vine4 ,the ,vine is one of the ,chasselas kind1 with leaves of a rather pale green1 almost yellowish green1 colour that make the best possible foil to the pure blue of the ,ipomea4 ,to my eye it is the most enjoyable colour-feast of the year4 ,solanum crispum1 with purple flowers in goodly bunches1 is one of the best of wall shrubs4 ,another of the tender plants that is beautiful for walls and for free rambling over other wall-growths is ,solanum jasminoides4 ,its white clusters come into bloom in middle summer and persist till latest autumn4 ,in two gardens near me it is of singular beauty2 in the one case on the sunny wall of a sheltered court where it covers a considerable space1 in the other against a high south retaining-wall where1 from the terrace above1 the flowers are seen against the misty woodland of the middle distance and the pure grey-blue of the faraway hills4 ,turning round on the very same spot there is the remarkable growth of the ,sweet ,verbena that owes its luxuriance to its roots and main shoots being under shelter4 ,there must be unending opportunities1 where there are verandahs1 of having just such bowers of sweetness to brush against in passing and to waft scented air to the windows of the rooms above4 ,illustration3 ,,clematis ,,flammula ,,on ,a ,,wooden ,,fence4 ,illustration3 ,,sweet ,,verbena4 ,these notes can only touch upon the more careful use of a few of the many climbing plants and trailing shrubs4 ,one of the many garden possessions that ,i ardently desire and can never have is a bit of rocky hillside2 a place partly of sheer scarp and partly of tumbled and outcropping rock-mass1 for the best use of these plants4 ,there would be the place for the yellow winter ,jasmine1 for the ,honeysuckles both bushy and rambling1 for the trailing ,clematises lately described1 and for the native ,c4 ,vitalba1 beautiful both in flower and fruit2 for shrubs like ,forsythia suspensa and ,desmodium penduliflorum that like to root high and then throw down cascades of bloom1 and for the wichuraiana ,roses1 also for ,gourds and wild ,vines4 ,there should be a good quarter of a mile of it so that one might plant at perfect ease1 one thing at a time or one or two in combination1 in just such sized and shaped groups as would make the most delightful pictures1 and in just the association that would show the best assortment4 ,i have seen long stretches of bare chalky banks for year after year with nothing done to dispel their bald monotony1 feeling inward regret at the wasted opportunity2 thinking how beautiful they might be made with a planting of two common things1 ,clematis ,vitalba and ,red ,spur ,valerian4 ,but such examples are without end4 ,,chapter ,,xiii ,,groupings ,,of ,,plants ,,in ,,pots ,it is a common thing in ,italian gardens to see a quantity of plants in pots standing in various parts of the garden1 generally in connexion with paved terraces and steps4 ,this is in addition to the larger pot plants--,oranges1 ,lemons1 ,oleanders1 c41 that1 in their immense and often richly decorated earthenware receptacles1 form an important part of the garden design4 ,in our climate we cannot have these unless there is an ,orangery or some such spacious place free from frost for housing them in winter4 ,but good groupings of smaller plants in pots is a form of ornament that might be made more use of in our own gardens1 especially where there are paved spaces near a house or in connexion with a tank or fountain1 so that there is convenient access to means of daily watering4 ,i have such a space in a cool court nearly square in shape4 ,a middle circle is paved1 and all next the house is paved1 on a level of one shallow step higher4 ,it is on the sides of this raised step that the pot plants are grouped1 leaving the middle space free where there is a wooden seat1 and good access to a door to the left4 ,illustration3 ,,pot ,,plants ,,just ,,placed4 ,illustration3 ,,plants ,,in ,,pots ,,in ,,the ,,shaded ,,court3 ,,funkia1 ,,lilium ,,longiflorum1 ,,ferns ,,and ,,aspidistra4 ,illustration3 ,,maiden',s ,,wreath 7,,francoa ,,ramosa74 ,illustration3 ,,maiden',s ,,wreath ,,by ,,tank4 ,the first thing is to secure good greenery4 ,on each side three oblong ,italian terra-cotta pots full of ,funkia grandiflora stand on the lower level4 ,they serve to hide the common flower-pots that are ranged behind4 ,the picture shows how it looks a day or two after it is first arranged1 early in ,june when the ,clematis montana is still in bloom4 ,next above the ornamental pots are common ones also with ,funkia grandiflora4 ,on the inner side of the groups1 next the house1 are pots of ,aspidistra1 and1 against the wall1 of ,male ,fern1 and there are more ,ferns and ,funkias for filling spaces between the flowering plants4 ,of these the most important are ,lilies--longiflorum1 candidum and speciosum--and ,hydrangeas1 but we also have pots of ,gladiolus ,colvillei ,the ,bride1 ,campanula persicifolia and ,c4 pyramidalis and white and pink ,cup-and-saucer ,canterbury ,bells4 ,the last are taken up from the ground and potted only just before they come into bloom4 ,there are seldom more than two kinds of flowering plants placed here at a time2 the two or three sorts of beautiful foliage are in themselves delightful to the eye2 often there is nothing with them but ,lilies1 and one hardly desires to have more4 ,there is an ample filling of the green plants1 so that no pots are seen4 ,if the place were in the sun the plants chosen would be largely ,geraniums2 two-year-old plants in good-sized pots2 and1 in place of the ,ferns that enjoy shade and the ,funkias whose leaves often burn in the sun1 there would be the large leaved ,megasea cordifolia4 ,here also would be ,lilies1 ,hydrangeas and ,cannas1 and good store of the graceful ,maiden's ,wreath 7,francoa ramosa74 ,the ,geraniums would be very carefully assorted for colour2 in one part of the scheme white and soft pink1 in another the rosy scarlets1 and elsewhere the salmon-reds1 now so numerous and good4 ,the last two groups might by degrees tone into the pure scarlets1 of which the best ,i know and the most delightful in colour is ,paul ,crampel4 ,the colour is pure and brilliant but not cruel4 ,i can think of no other word that so well describes some scarlets of a harsh quality that gives discomfort rather than satisfaction to a sensitive colour-eye4 ,henry ,jacoby is to me one of the cruel reds and has no place among my flowers4 ,i have no desire to disparage a plant which is so general a favourite1 but feel sure that its popularity is a good deal owing to the fact that the main gardening public is inclined rather to accept what is put before it than to take the trouble to search for something better4 ,although the colour of this ,geranium is extremely vivid1 a whole bed of it has a heavy appearance and is wanting in pictorial effect4 ,i have great pleasure in putting together ,omphale1 palest salmon-pink2 ,mrs4 ,laurence1 a shade deeper2 ,mrs4 ,cannell1 a salmon-scarlet approaching the quality of colour of ,phlox ,coquelicot1 and leading these by degrees to the pure1 good scarlet of ,paul ,crampel4 ,a bed or clump or border planted with these1 or varieties equivalent in colour1 would be seen to have1 in comparison with a bed of ,henry ,jacoby1 a quite remarkable degree of life1 brilliancy1 beauty and interest4 ,the colouring would be actually brighter and yet more kind and acceptable to the eye4 ,had ,i more strength ,i should visit the nurseries in order to see all the excellent ,geraniums that are now grown1 and to group them into colour-combinations such as could be confidently recommended4 ,as it is1 ,i have to depend upon the courtesy of my friends in the horticultural trade1 when ,i have occasion to make such combinations1 for sending me blooms that ,i can choose from4 ,for detached vases that stand on pedestals1 so that the whole of the vase and contents becomes warmed by exposure to sunlight1 a condition specially grateful to ,geraniums1 ,i know no variety more useful than ,king of ,denmark4 ,the flowers are in large trusses1 half-double1 of an excellent soft salmon-pink colour2 the foliage is bold and well marked2 the whole plant massive and handsome4 ,for this and any other outdoor pot-culture it is best if strong two-year-old plants can be kept4 ,there are among ,geraniums some of a raw magenta-pink that ,i regret to see in many gardens and that will certainly never be admitted into mine4 ,in designing gardens where there are flagged spaces it is well to remember the good effect of summer flowers in slightly raised beds with stone edges4 ,such beds often come happily in conjunction with steps and paved landings and designs in which fountains occur4 ,summer flowers1 such as ,geraniums1 ,lilies and ,cannas1 seem to revel in such beds and are never seen to better advantage4 ,owing to the cottage character of my house ,i have little scope for such beds--none at all for the best kind with dwarf walls and curbs of moulded freestone1 but ,i have one edged with a low wall of local sandstone where there is a square landing paved with the same stone and short flights of steps in connexion with a tank and a lower garden level4 ,here ,geraniums and ,cannas luxuriate in shelter and full sunshine4 ,maiden's ,wreath 7,francoa ramosa7 is a plant for many uses4 ,the foliage1 though sparing in quantity1 is distinct and handsome4 ,the long flower-stems are flung out with a kind of determination of character that would seem to imply that the plant knows what is expected of it and intends to fulfil its settled duty and purpose1 namely1 that of being a graceful and beautiful ornament4 ,towards the later summer these flower-stems become so heavy that there is danger of their weight1 swayed by a little wind1 wrenching out whole portions of the plant4 ,support should be given with short pieces of hazel stick tied half way up the stem4 ,in nurseries it is general1 and even in private gardens not unusual1 to see the flowers tied straight upright4 ,this should never be1 for it not only forces the plant into a form that is entirely at variance with its nature1 but robs it of its natural grace and valuable individuality4 ,there is no end to the uses of ,hydrangeas in pots2 a well-bloomed plant will give life and interest to many an uninteresting corner2 the bloom is long-enduring and stands equally well in sun and shade4 ,if the blue colour1 which comes naturally in some soils is desired1 it can be had by mixing pounded slate and iron filings with the compost--alum is another well-known agent for inducing the blue colour4 ,but ,i have much faith in slate1 for the bluest ,i have ever seen came from a garden on a slaty soil4 ,illustration3 ,,geraniums ,,and ,,cannas ,,in ,a ,,stone-,,edged ,,bed4 ,illustration3 ,,maiden',s ,,wreath ,,in ,,pots ,,above ,,tank4 ,illustration3 ,,funkia1 ,,hydrangea ,,and ,,lily ,,in ,,the ,,shaded ,,court4 ,illustration3 ,,funkia ,,and ,,lilium ,,speciosum4 ,a few only of the many plants that can with advantage be used in pots have been named1 but in any case it would be well to bear in mind that it is best to restrict the number of kinds shown at once and to make sure of the good groundwork of foliage4 ,i have therefore only dwelt upon the few that came to mind as the best and easiest to use4 ,but the pretty red and white single ,fuchsias of the ,mme4 ,cornellisson type should not be forgotten1 also that the fine ,comet and ,ostrich ,plume ,asters are capital pot-plants1 for1 like ,canterbury ,bells1 they bear lifting from the open ground just before they flower and even in full bloom4 99 99 99 99 99 ,plants grown in pots lead naturally to the consideration of those most suitable for tubs4 ,of these the most important are permanent things of shrubby nature--several of the ,orange and ,lemon family1 ,oleander1 ,pomegranate1 ,bay1 ,myrtle1 ,datura1 ,sweet ,verbena and dwarf ,palm1 also ,hydrangea1 ,tree ,heliotrope and ,agapanthus4 ,the last is of course a bulbous plant1 but from its large1 solid foliage and quantity of long-enduring bloom it is one of the best of plants for tubs4 ,the greater number of these need housing in winter in an ,orangery or other frost-proof building4 ,other bushy plants for tub use that are hardier are some of the ,veronicas1 such as ,traversi1 speciosa and hulkeana1 ,olearia ,haastii and ,o4 ,gunni4 ,tree ,peonies1 though rarely so used1 are capital tub plants1 and1 though they are not very long in flower1 their supreme beauty makes them desirable4 ,they should certainly be grown in places where labour is not restricted and where there are suitable places for standing such plants away and caring for them in the off season4 ,for the same kind of use the ,tree ,lupines1 both white and yellow1 would be excellent4 ,funkia ,sieboldi also makes a handsome tub1 while for summer filling ,cannas are admirable and old ,geraniums in bush form always acceptable4 ,i have never seen ,acanthus used in this way1 but can see no reason against it4 ,the smaller ,bamboos1 such as the handsome broad-leaved ,b4 tessellata1 are very good in tubs4 ,in speaking of plants suitable for tubs1 ,i take the word to include the larger sizes of terra-cotta pots2 but ,agapanthus should never be planted in earthenware1 as the roots1 which remain for many years undisturbed1 have so strong a rending power that they will burst anything less resisting than iron-hooped wood4 ,it is rare to see1 anywhere in ,england1 plant-tubs painted a pleasant colour4 ,in nearly every garden they are painted a strong raw green with the hoops black1 whereas any green that is not bright and raw would be much better4 ,this matter of the colouring of all such garden accessories as have to be painted deserves more attention than it commonly receives4 ,doors in garden walls1 trellises1 wooden railings and hand-gates and seats--all these and any other items of woodwork that stand out in the garden and are seen among its flowers and foliage should1 if painted green1 be of such a green as does not for brightness come into competition with the green of leaves4 ,in the case of tubs especially1 it is the plant that is to be considered first--not the tub4 ,the bright1 harsh green on the woodwork makes the colour of the foliage look dull and ineffective4 ,it would be desirable1 in the case of solitary tub plants1 to study the exact colour that would be most becoming to the flower and foliage2 but as it is needful1 to avoid a patchy appearance1 to paint the whole of the tubs in any one garden-scheme the same colour1 a tint should be chosen that is quiet in itself and that is lower in tone than the dullest of the foliage in any of the examples4 ,moreover1 there is no reason for painting the hoops black2 it is much better to paint the whole out of one pot4 ,a good quiet green can be made with black1 chrome ,no4 #a and white lead2 enough white being mixed to give the depth or lightness desired4 ,a pretty colour of paint is much used in ,france that approximates to the colourman's malachite green4 ,this is not the bright colour of malachite as we know the polished stone1 but a pale1 opaque bluish green approaching the turquoise tints4 ,in the bright1 clear climate of ,france1 and in connexion with the higher type of ,french architecture1 also in more southern countries1 the colour looks very well1 though it is not becoming to some foliage2 but something quieter and more sober is better suited for ,england4 ,elsewhere ,i have written of the deplorable effect in the garden landscape of the glaring white paint--still worse when tinted blue--that emphasises the ugliness of the usual greenhouse or conservatory4 ,this may be mitigated1 if the unsightly structure cannot be concealed1 by adding to the white a good deal of black and raw umber1 till the paint is of the quiet warm grey that for some strange reason is known to house-painters as ,portland-stone colour4 ,illustration3 ,,lilium ,,auratum4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,tub ,,hydrangea4 ,illustration3 ,,steps ,,and ,,hydrangeas4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,narrow ,,south ,,lawn4 ,,chapter ,,xiv ,,some ,,garden ,,pictures ,when the eye is trained to perceive pictorial effect1 it is frequently struck by something--some combination of grouping1 lighting and colour--that is seen to have that complete aspect of unity and beauty that to the artist's eye forms a picture4 ,such are the impressions that the artist-gardener endeavours to produce in every portion of the garden4 ,many of these good intentions fail1 some come fairly well1 a few reward him by a success that was beyond anticipation4 ,when this is the case it is probably due to some cause that had been overlooked but that had chanced to complete his intention1 such as the position of the sun in relation to some wished-for colour-picture4 ,then there are some days during the summer when the quality of light seems to tend to an extraordinary beauty of effect4 ,i have never been able to find out how the light on these occasions differs from that of ordinary fine summer days1 but1 when these days come1 ,i know them and am filled with gladness4 ,in the case of my own garden1 as far as deliberate intention goes1 what is aimed at is something quite simple and devoid of complication2 generally one thing or a very limited number of flowering things at a time1 but that one1 or those few things1 carefully placed so as to avoid fuss1 and to please the eye and give ease to the mind4 ,in many cases the aim has been to show some delightful colour-combination without regard to the other considerations that go to the making of a more ambitious picture4 ,it may be a group in a shrub border1 or a combination of border and climbing plants1 or some carefully designed company of plants in the rock garden4 ,i have a little rose that ,i call the ,fairy ,rose4 ,it came to me from a cottage garden1 and ,i have never seen it elsewhere4 ,it grows about a foot high and has blush-pink flowers with the colour deepening to the centre4 ,in character the flower is somewhere between the lovely ,blush ,boursault at its best and the little ,de ,meaux4 ,it is an inch and a half across and of beautiful form1 especially in the half-opened bud4 ,wishing to enjoy its beauty to the utmost1 and to bring it comfortably within sight1 ,i gave it a shelf in raised rock-work and brought near and under it a clear pale lilac ,viola and a good drift of ,achillea umbellata4 ,it was worth doing4 ,another combination that gives me much pleasure is that of the pink ,pompon ,rose ,mignonette with ,catmint and whitish foliage1 such as ,stachys or ,artemisia stelleriana4 ,i may have mentioned this before1 but it is so pretty that it deserves repetition4 ,in a shrubbery border the fine ,spira ,aruncus is beautiful with an interplanting of ,thalictrum purpureum4 ,at the end of a long flower-clump there is a yew hedge coming forward at right angles to the length of the border4 ,behind the hedge is a stone wall with an arch1 through which the path in front of the border passes4 ,over the stone arch and rambling partly over the yews are the vigorous many-flowered growths of ,clematis ,flammula4 ,in the end of the border are pale sulphur-coloured ,hollyhocks4 ,both in form and colour this was a delightful picture2 the foam-like masses of the ,clematis resting on the dusky richness of the yew2 the straight shafts of the ,hollyhock giving clear colour and agreeing with the upright lines of the sides of the archway1 which showed dimly in the shade4 ,these are only a few incidents out of numbers that occur or are intentionally arranged4 ,there is a place near my house where a path leads down through a nut-walk to the further garden4 ,it is crossed by a shorter path that ends at a ,birch tree with a tall silvered trunk4 ,it seemed desirable to accentuate the point where the paths cross2 ,i therefore put down four square platforms of stone pitching as a place for the standing of four ,hydrangeas in tubs4 ,just before the tree is a solid wooden seat and a shallow wide step done with the same stone pitching4 ,tree and seat are surrounded on three sides by a rectangular planting of yews4 ,the tender greys of the rugged lower bark of the ,birch and the silvering of its upper stem tell finely against the dark velvet-like richness of the ,yew and the leaf-mass of other trees beyond2 the pink flowers and fresh green foliage of the ,hydrangeas are also brilliant against the dusky green4 ,it is just one simple picture that makes one glad for three months of the later summer and early autumn4 ,the longer cross-path1 which on the right leads in a few yards to steps up to the paved court on the north side of the house1 on the left passes down the nut-walk as the second illustration shows4 ,the ,birch tree and seat are immediately to the right1 just out of the picture4 ,standing a little way down the shaded nut-walk and looking back1 the ,hydrangeas are seen in another aspect1 with the steps and house behind them in shade1 and the sun shining through their pale green leaves4 ,sitting on the seat1 the eye1 passing between the pink ,hydrangea flowers1 sees a short straight path bounded by a wall of ,tree ,box to right and left1 and at the far end one tub of pale blue ,hydrangea in shade1 backed by a repetition of the screen of ,yews such as enclose the ,birch tree4 ,on the south side of the house there is a narrow border full of ,rosemary1 with ,china ,roses and a ,vine1 as shown in the illustration opposite p4 #ajf4 ,here the narrow lawn1 backed by woodland1 is higher than the house-level4 ,shallow steps lead up to it in the middle1 and to right and left is low dry-walling4 ,on the upper edge of this is a hedge of ,scotch ,briars1 shown in full bloom at p4 #dh1 and in the narrow border below1 a planting of the low-growing ,andromeda 7,leucotho7 axillaris1 a little shrub that is neat throughout the year and in winter prettily red-tinted4 ,illustration3 ,,hydrangea ,,tubs ,,and ,,birch-,,tree ,,seat4 ,illustration3 ,,hydrangea ,,tubs ,,and ,,nut ,,walk4 ,illustration3 ,,white ,,lilies4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,steps ,,and ,,their ,,incidents4 ,the beautiful ,white ,lily cannot be grown in the hot sandy soil of my garden4 ,even if its place be ever so well prepared with the loam and lime that it loves1 the surrounding soil-influences seem to rob it of its needful nourishment2 it makes a miserable show for one year and never appears again4 ,the only way to grow it is in pots or tubs sunk in the soil4 ,for some years ,i had wished to have an orderly planting of this lovely ,lily in the lower border at the back of the ,andromeda just in front of the ,briars4 ,i had no flower-pots deep enough1 or wide enough at the bottom1 but was able to make a contrivance with some short1 broad1 unglazed drain-pipes1 measuring a foot long and of about the same diameter1 by cementing in an artificial bottom made of pieces of roofing-tile and broken flower-pot1 leaving spaces for drainage4 ,then three bulbs were put in each pot in a compost that ,i knew they would enjoy4 ,when they were half grown the pots were sunk in holes at nearly even distances among the ,andromedas1 and in a few weeks my row of ,lilies gave me my reward4 ,other ,lilies 7,l4 longiflorum7 follow them a month later1 just beyond in the wood edge among tufts of ,male ,fern1 and a pot of ,francoa is to right and left of the shallow steps4 ,during the last year or two some pretty incidents have occurred about these same steps2 not important enough to call garden pictures1 but charming and interesting and easily enjoyable because they are close to the open garden door of the sitting-room and because they teach me to look out for the desirable things that come of themselves4 ,a seedling of the wild ,clematis 7,c4 ,vitalba7 appeared among the ,briars to the left4 ,as it was too strong a plant to let grow over them unchecked1 ,i pulled it forward towards the steps1 training one or two shoots to run along the hollow of the step and laying on them pieces of stone invisible among the foliage1 to keep them from being dislodged by the skirts of visitors or the gambols of my cats4 ,at the same time1 in a crack of the stone just below the upper step there came a seedling of the tall ,chimney ,campanula 7,c4 pyramidalis74 ,the second year this threw up its tall flower-stem and was well in bloom when it was wrecked by an early autumn gale1 the wind wrenching out the crown and upper root-stock4 ,but a little shred of rooted life remained and now there is again the sturdy tuft promising more flower-stems for the coming season4 ,close behind the ,bell-flower a spreading sheet of ,wild ,thyme has crept out of the turf and spread rather widely over the stone4 ,luckily ,i just saved it from the tidying process that threatened it1 and as it is now well established over the stone ,i still have the pleasure of its bright rosy bloom when the duties of the mowing-machine rob me of the other tiny flowers--,hawkweed1 ,milkwort and ,bedstraw--that bloom so bravely in the intervals between its ruthless but indispensable ministrations4 ,,chapter ,,xv ,a ,,beautiful ,,fruit ,,garden ,there is a whole range of possible beautiful treatment in fruit-growing that is rarely carried out or even attempted4 ,hitherto but little has been done to make the fruit garden a place of beauty2 we find it almost flaunting its unloveliness1 its white painted orchard-houses and vineries1 its wires and wire nettings4 ,it is not to be denied that all these are necessary1 and that the usual and most obvious way of working them does not make for beauty4 ,but in designing new gardens or remodelling old1 on a rather large scale1 there need be no difficulty in so arranging that all that is necessarily unbeautiful should be kept in one department1 so hedged or walled around as to be out of sight4 ,in addition to such a fruit garden for strict utility ,i have in mind a walled enclosure of about an acre and a half1 longer than wide1 laid out as shown in the plan4 ,i have seen in large places just such spaces1 actually walled but put to no use4 ,the wall has trained fruit-trees--,peaches spreading their goodly fans1 ,pears showing long1 level lines1 and1 including hardy ,grape ,vines1 giving all the best exposition of the hardy fruit-grower's art4 ,next to the wall is a space six feet wide for ample access to the fruit-trees1 their pruning1 training and root-management2 then a fourteen-foot plant border1 wholly for beauty1 and a path eight feet wide4 ,at a middle point on all four sides the high wall has an arched doorway corresponding to the grassy way between the fruit-trees in the middle space4 ,if the wall has some symmetrical building on the outside of each angle so much the better2 the garden can make use of all4 ,one may be a bothy1 with lower extension out of sight2 one a half-underground fruit-store1 with bulb-store above2 a third a paint-shop1 and a fourth a tea-house4 ,the middle space is all turf2 in the centre a ,mulberry1 and1 both ways across1 double lines of fruit-trees1 ending with ,bays2 the ,bays are at the ends on the plan4 ,in almost any part of the sea-warmed south of ,england1 below the fifty-first parallel of latitude which passes through the upper part of ,sussex1 the rows of fruit-trees on the green might be standard ,figs2 elsewhere they would be bush ,pears and ,apples4 ,if the soil is calcareous1 so much the better for the ,figs and ,mulberry1 the ,vines and indeed nearly all the fruits4 ,the angle-clumps in the grass are planted with ,magnolias1 ,yuccas and ,hydrangeas4 ,the border all round is for small shrubs and plants of some solidity or importance2 the spaces are too long for an ordinary flower border4 ,it would have a good bush of ,magnolia stellata at each angle1 ,yuccas1 ,tritomas1 hardy ,fuchsias1 ,peonies1 ,euphorbia ,wulfenii1 ,hollyhocks1 ,dahlias1 ,hydrangeas1 ,michaelmas ,daisies1 ,flag ,iris1 the beautiful ,olearia ,gunni and ,o4 ,haastii1 ,tree ,lupines1 ,forsythia1 ,weigela1 the smaller ,bush ,spiras1 ,veronicas1 ,tamarisk1 the large-bloomed ,clematises1 bush kinds of garden ,roses1 ,funkias1 and so on4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,beautiful ,,fruit ,,garden4 ,surely my fruit garden would be not only a place of beauty1 of pleasant sight and pleasant thought1 but of leisurely repose1 a repose broken only faintly and in welcome fashion by its own interests--in ,july1 ,august and ,september a goodly place in which to wander and find luscious fruits in quantity that can be gathered and eaten straight from the tree4 ,there is a pleasure in searching for and eating fruit in this way that is far better than having it picked by the gardener and brought in and set before one on a dish in a tame room4 ,is this feeling an echo of faraway days of savagery when men hunted for their food and rejoiced to find it1 or is it rather the poet's delight of having direct intercourse with the good gift of the growing thing and seeing and feeling through all the senses how good and gracious the thing is8 ,to pass the hand among the leaves of the ,fig-tree1 noting that they are a little harsh upon the upper surface and yet soft beneath2 to be aware of their faint1 dusky scent2 to see the cracking of the coat of the fruit and the yellowing of the neck where it joins the branch--the two indications of ripeness--sometimes made clearer by the drop of honeyed moisture at the eye2 then the handling of the fruit itself1 which must needs be gentle because the tender coat is so readily bruised and torn2 at the same time observing the slight greyish bloom and the colouring--low-toned transitions of purple and green2 and finally to have the enjoyment of the luscious pulp1 with the knowledge that it is one of the most wholesome and sustaining of fruit foods--surely all this is worthy garden service6 ,then how delicious are the sun-warmed ,apricots and ,peaches1 and1 later in the year1 the ,jargonelle ,pears1 always best eaten straight from the tree2 and the ripe ,mulberries of ,september4 ,and how pleasant to stroll about the wide grassy ways1 turning from the fruits to the flowers in the clumps and borders1 to the splendid ,yuccas and the masses of ,hydrangea bloom1 and then to the gorgeous ,tritomas and other delights2 and to see the dignity of the stately ,bay-trees and the incomparable beauty of their every twig and leaf4 ,the beautiful fruit garden would naturally lead to the orchard1 a place that is not so often included in the pleasure-ground as it deserves4 ,for what is more lovely than the bloom of orchard-trees in ,april and ,may1 with the grass below in its strong1 young growth2 in itself a garden of ,cowslips and ,daffodils4 ,in an old orchard how pictorial are the lines of the low-leaning old ,apple-trunks and the swing and poise of their upper branches1 best seen in winter when their graceful movement of line and wonderful sense of balance can be fully appreciated4 ,but the younger orchard has its beauty too1 of fresh1 young life and wealth of bloom and bounteous bearing4 ,then if the place of the orchard suggests a return to nearer pleasure-ground with yet some space between1 how good to make this into a free garden orchard for the fruits of wilder character2 for wide-spreading ,medlars1 for ,quinces1 again some of the most graceful of small ,british trees2 for ,service1 ,damson1 ,bullace1 ,crabs and their many allies1 not fruit-bearing trees except from the birds' and botanists' points of view1 but beautiful both in bloom and berry1 such as the ,mountain ,ash1 ,wild ,cherry1 ,blackthorn1 and the large-berried ,white-thorns1 ,bird-cherry1 ,white ,beam1 ,holly and ,amelanchier4 ,then all these might be intergrouped with great brakes of the free-growing ,roses and the wilder kinds of ,clematis and ,honeysuckle4 ,and right through it should be a shady path of ,filberts or ,cobnuts arching overhead and yielding a bountiful autumn harvest4 ,,chapter ,,xvi ,,planting ,,for ,,winter ,,colour ,much cheerful positive colour1 other than that given by flowers or leaves1 may be obtained in winter by using a good selection of small trees with coloured bark4 ,of these the most useful are the ,red ,dogwood and some of the willows4 ,this planting for colour of bright-barked trees is no new thing1 for something like half a century ago the late ,lord ,somers1 at ,eastnor ,castle near ,malvern1 used to paint his woods1 as he described it1 in this way4 ,the ,cardinal ,willow has bright red bark1 ,salix britzensis orange1 and the ,golden ,osier bright yellow4 ,the yearly growth has the best-coloured bark1 so that when they are employed for giving colour it is usual to cut them every winter2 moreover1 the large quantity of young shoots that the cutting induces naturally increases the density of the colour-effect4 ,but if they are planted in a rather large way it is better that the regular winter cutting should be restricted to those near the outer edge1 and to let a good proportion of those within stand for two or more years1 and to have some in the background that are never cut at all1 but that are allowed to grow to their full size and to show their natural habit4 ,it will also be well to avoid planting them exclusively sort by sort1 but to group and intergroup carefully assorted colours1 such as the scarlet ,willow with the purple-barked kind1 and to let this pass into the ,american ,willow with the black stem4 ,such a group should not be too large1 and it should be near the pathway1 for it will show best near at hand4 ,for the sake of the bark-colouring1 it would be best to cut it all every year1 although in the larger plantings it is desirable to have the trees of different ages1 or the effect may be too much that of a mere crop instead of a well-arranged garden grouping4 ,some of the garden ,roses1 both of the free-growing and bush kinds1 have finely coloured bark that can be used in much the same way4 ,they are specially good in broken ground1 such as the banks of an old hollow cart-way converted to garden use1 or the sloping dbris of a quarry4 ,of the free kinds1 the best coloured are ,rosa ferruginea1 whose leaves are red as well as the stem--it is the ,rosa rubrifolia of nurseries2--and the varieties of ,boursault ,roses1 derived from ,rosa alpina4 ,as bushes for giving reddish colouring1 ,rosa lucida would be among the best4 ,by waterside the ,great ,reedmace--commonly but wrongly called ,bulrush--holds its handsome seed-heads nearly through the winter1 and beds of the ,common ,reed 7,arundo ,phragmites7 stand up winter through in masses of light1 warm colouring that are grateful to the eye and suggest comfortable harbourage for wildfowl4 ,some shrubs have conspicuously green bark1 such as the ,spindletree2 but the habit of growth is rather too diffuse to let it make a distinct show of colour4 ,leycesteria formosa is being tried in mass for winter colour in some gardens1 but ,i venture to feel a little doubtful of its success2 for though the skin of the half-woody stem is bright green1 the plant has the habit of retaining some of its leaves and the remains of its flowering tips till ,january1 or even later4 ,after frost these have the appearance of untidy grey rags1 and are distinctly unsightly4 ,the brightest effect of all green-barked plants is that given by ,whortleberry1 a plant that on peaty or sandy soils is one of the most enjoyable of winter undershrubs4 ,it would add greatly to the enjoyment of many country places if some portions were planted with evergreens expressly for winter effect4 ,some region on the outskirts of the garden1 and between it and woodland1 would be the most desirable4 ,if well done the sense of wintry discomfort would disappear1 for nearly all the growing things would be at their best1 and even in summer1 shrubs and plants can do no more than this4 ,in summer1 too1 it would be good to see1 for the green things would have such an interplanting of free ,roses1 ,jasmines1 ,clematis1 ,honeysuckles1 ,forsythia1 and so on1 as would make charming incidents of flower-beauty4 ,the place for this winter walk should be sheltered from the north and east4 ,i have such a place in my mind's eye1 where1 beyond the home garden and partly wooded old shrubbery1 there is a valley running up into a fir-wooded hill4 ,the path goes up the hillside diagonally1 with a very gentle gradient4 ,in the cooler1 lower portion there would be ,rhododendrons and ,kalmias1 with lower growths of ,skimmia and ,gaultheria4 ,close to the path1 on the less sunny side1 would be ,lent ,hellebores and the delightful winter greenery of ,epimedium4 ,then in full sun ,andromeda japonica1 and on the shadier side ,andromeda floribunda4 ,both of these hard and rather brittle-wooded shrubs belong to the group properly named ,pieris1 and form dense bushes four or more feet high4 ,at their foot would be the lower-growing ,andromedas of the ,leucotho section1 with lissome branches of a more willow-like character4 ,these make a handsome ground-carpeting from one to two feet high1 beautiful at all seasons--the leaves in winter tinted or marbled with red4 ,portions of the cooler side would also have fringes of ,hartstongue and ,polypody1 both winter ferns4 ,then1 as the path rose into more direct sunlight1 there would be ,cistuses--in all mild winter days giving off their strong1 cordial scent--and the dwarf ,rhododendrons4 ,behind the ,cistuses would be ,white ,broom1 finely green-stemmed in winter4 ,there would even be shrubs in flower2 the thick-set yellowish bloom of ,witch ,hazel 7,hamamelis7 and the bright yellow of ,jasminum nudiflorum4 ,then groups of ,junipers1 and all the ground carpeted with ,heath1 and so to the upper ,fir-wood4 ,then1 after the comforting greenery of the lower region1 the lovely colour of distant winter landscape would be intensely enjoyable2 for the greys and purples of the leafless woodland of middle distance have a beauty that no summer landscape can show4 ,in clear weather the further distances have tints of an extraordinary purity1 while the more frequent days of slightly distant haze have another kind of beautiful mystery4 ,the common ,laurel is generally seen as a long-suffering garden hack1 put to all sorts of rather ignoble uses4 ,it is so cheap to buy1 so quick of growth1 and so useful as an easily made screen that its better use is1 except in rare instances1 lost sight of4 ,planted in thin woodland and never pruned1 it grows into a small tree that takes curious ways and shapes of trunk and branch of a character that is remarkably pictorial4 ,,chapter ,,xvii ,,form ,,in ,,planting ,if in the foregoing chapters ,i have dwelt rather insistently on matters of colour1 it is not that ,i under-rate the equal importance of form and proportion1 but that ,i think that the question of colour1 as regards its more careful use1 is either more commonly neglected or has had fewer exponents4 ,as in all matters relating to design in gardening1 the good placing of plants in detail is a matter of knowledge of an artistic character4 ,the shaping of every group of plants1 to have the best effect1 should not only be definitely intended but should be done with an absolute conviction by the hand that feels the drawing that the group must have in relation to what is near1 or to the whole form of the clump or border or whatever the nature of the place may be4 ,i am only too well aware that to many this statement may convey no idea whatever1 nevertheless ,i venture to insist upon its truth4 ,moreover1 ,i am addressing this book to the consideration of those who are in sympathy with my views of gardening1 among whom ,i know there are many who1 even if they have not made themselves able1 by study and long practice1 to show in groundwork and garden design the quality known to artists as drawing--by which is meant a right movement of line and form and group--can at least recognise its value--indeed its supreme importance--when it is present1 and do not1 in its absence1 fail to feel that the thing shown is without life1 spirit1 or reasonable justification4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,wild ,,heath ,,garden4 ,upper ,figure3 ,as ,first ,planted4 ,lower ,figure3 ,after ,alteration4 ,even a proficiency in some branch of fine art does not necessarily imply ability to lay out ground4 ,i have known1 in the intimate association of half a lifetime1 a landscape painter1 whose interpretation of natural beauty was of the most refined and poetical quality1 and who truly loved flowers and beautiful vegetation1 but who was quite incapable of personally arranging a garden2 although it is more usual that an artist should almost unconsciously place plants well4 ,it is therefore not to be expected that it is enough to buy good plants and merely to tell the gardener of average ability to plant them in groups1 as is now often done with the very best intention4 ,it is impossible for the gardener to know what is meant4 ,in all the cases that have come under my notice1 where such indefinite instruction has been given1 the things have been planted in stiff blocks4 ,quite lately ,i came upon such an example in the garden of a friend who is by no means without a sense of beauty4 ,there was a bank-like space on the outskirts of the pleasure-ground where it was wished to have a wild ,heath garden4 ,a better place could hardly be1 for the soil is light and sandy and the space lies out in full sunlight4 ,the ground had been thrown about into ridges and valleys1 but without any reference to its natural form1 whereas with half the labour it might have been guided into slight hollows1 ridges1 and promontories of good line and proportion4 ,i found it planted as in the upper plan2 the path stiffly edged with one kind of ,heath on one side and another kind on the other2 the back planting in rectangular blocks2 near the front bushes of ,veronica at exactly even distances1 and between them the same number of ,heaths in each interval quite stiffly planted4 ,some of the blocks at the back were of ,violets--plants quite unsuited to the place4 ,yet1 only leaving out the ,violets1 all the same plants might have been disposed so as to come quite easily and naturally as shown on the lower plan4 ,then a thin sowing of the finer ,heath grasses1 to include the pathway1 where alone they would be mown1 and a clever interplanting of wild ,thyme and the native ,wood ,sage 7,teucrium ,scorodonia71 common on the neighbouring heaths1 would have put the whole thing together and would have given the impression1 so desirable in wild planting1 of the thing having so happened1 rather than of its having been artificially made4 ,in planting or thinning trees also1 the whole ultimate good of the effect will depend on this sense of form and good grouping4 ,if these qualities are secured1 the result in after years will be a poem2 if they are neglected it will be nothing but a crop4 ,i can imagine nothing more interesting than the guiding and part-planting of large stretches of natural young woodland with some hilly ground above and water at the foot4 ,as it is1 ,i have to be content with my little wood of ten acres2 yet ,i am truly glad to have even that small space to treat with reverent thankfulness and watchful care4 ,,index ,a ,abutilon vitifolium1 #ff1 #aji ,acanthus1 #be1 #hh2 as tub plant1 #aah ,achillea1 ,the ,pearl1 #gb ,adonis1 #be sculus1 #gc ,agapanthus1 #aag ,agathea clestis1 #di1 #fc ,ageratum1 #ha1 #ajb ,alexandrian ,laurel1 #ajd ,alpenrose1 #ai1 #cc1 #he ,alyssum1 #bf ,amelanchier1 #ab ,anchusa1 #dc1 #df ,andromeda1 #ac1 #ai1 #cc1 #he1 #abd1 #acf ,anemone sylvestris1 #cg2 japonica1 #ha ,annuals1 half hardy1 #ej1 #eg2 hardy1 #eg ,apples1 #aca ,arbutus1 #he ,arenaria balearica1 #cc2 montana1 #cd ,artemisia stelleriana1 #fc1 #gb1 #hj ,asarum1 #af1 #cd ,asters1 ,china1 #gd1 #ha1 #aag2 perennial1 #gb1 #hj1 #abh ,august1 ,flower-border in1 #fe ,aubrietia1 #bg ,aucuba1 #ajd ,azalea1 #hd ,b ,bambusa tessellata1 #hh2 as tub plant1 #aah ,bay1 #abh ,bedding plants1 #ej ,begonias1 #ha2 with ,megasea1 #hb ,blue flowers1 #fc1 #fh ,blue garden1 #ij1 #ajc ,briars1 ,scotch1 #df1 #abd ,broom1 white1 #cf1 #cg1 #acf ,bulb-border1 #e ,c ,camassia1 #cd ,campanula pyramidalis in steps1 #abf2 persicifolia1 #dj1 #aje2 lactiflora1 #eh ,campanulas in pots1 #aac ,canna1 #gj1 #gh2 in pots1 #aac ,canterbury ,bells1 #ej2 in pots1 #aac ,caryopteris1 #gc ,catmint1 #df1 #gb1 #ajb ,chalky banks1 plants for1 #aaa ,china ,rose1 #ajg ,choisya ternata1 #ej ,cineraria maritima1 #fc1 #fe1 #gb1 #hj ,cistus1 #ac1 #ai1 #fa1 #ff1 #he1 #acf ,clematis montana1 #bi1 #cd1 #ci1 #ej1 #ajg ,c4 davidiana1 #fh1 #gi ,c4 ,flammula1 #ed1 #aji ,c4 recta1 #fb1 #ajc ,c4 ,vitalba1 #he1 #aaa ,climbing plants1 #ajf ,colour1 in woodland1 #a2 scheme of ,rhododendrons1 #ae2 of old ,scotch ,fir1 #ag2 tender in spring garden1 #bd2 strong in spring garden1 #be ,colour-combinations1 #dg1 #ea1 #fj1 #gb1 #gc1 #abb ,colour1 optical effect of1 #eb2 gardens of special1 #hi2 of paint for garden accessories1 #aai ,colour-planting for winter1 #acc ,coltsfoot1 variegated1 #ha1 #ajd ,columbines1 #ce1 #dj1 #he ,coreopsis1 #ei1 #gj ,corydalis ochroleuca1 #bg1 #cg ,cottage gardens1 #ajf ,cranesbill1 #db1 #di ,crown ,imperial1 #be ,d ,daffodils1 #g1 #ad ,dahlias1 #ff1 #gj1 #gh1 #ha1 #abh2 best kinds for border use1 #hb ,daphne ,mezereon1 #b ,delphinium ,belladonna1 #fc1 #ajc2 grandiflorum1 #fc ,dentaria1 #bh1 #he ,desmodium penduliflorum1 #aaa ,dictamnus1 #bd1 #ej ,dielytra spectabilis1 #bg ,dog-tooth ,violet1 #b ,drifts in planting1 #b1 #aa1 #ae1 #bd ,e ,elymus1 #fe1 #fg1 #ajb2 in the grey garden1 #ajb ,empty spaces in borders1 filling up1 #ee1 #fg ,epilobium1 #he ,epimedium1 #cd1 #ch1 #he ,eryngium1 #ei1 #gb1 #ajd ,eulalia1 #fe1 #ajd ,euphorbia ,wulfenii1 #bb1 #ch1 #ej1 #abh ,evergreens for winter effect1 #ace ,exochorda1 #cf ,f ,fern1 ,lady1 #ac1 #cd2 ,osmunda1 #ac2 ,fern1 ,male1 #f1 #ac1 #ce1 #ci1 #abe2 dilated shield1 #ac1 #bb2 ,polypody1 #ac2 hardy ,ferns1 #he1 #hh1 #ajd1 #acf2 ,ferns in pots1 #aac ,fern walk1 #ae ,feverfew1 ,golden ,feather1 #ha ,fig1 #ajg1 #abh ,flower-border1 #ej ,form in planting1 #ach ,forsythia suspensa1 #d1 #aaa1 #acj ,foxgloves1 #af1 #dj1 #dd1 #he ,francoa1 #aac1 #aaf ,fruit garden1 beautiful1 #abg ,fuchsia1 #aag1 #abh ,fumaria bulbosa1 #f ,funkia1 #hf1 #ajd1 #aab2 ,f4 ,sieboldi as tub plant1 #aah ,g ,galvanised iron roof1 treatment of1 #ef ,gaultheria1 #ac1 #hd1 #acf ,gentiana asclepiadea1 #he ,geranium ibericum1 #db ,geraniums 7,pelargonium71 #aac ,gladiolus1 #gj1 #gi2 in pots1 #aac ,godetia1 #gb ,gold garden1 #ij2 plants for1 #ib ,golden ,elder1 #ajj ,golden ,plane1 #ia ,goodyera1 #af ,gourds1 #aaa ,green-barked shrubs1 #ace ,green garden1 #ajd ,grey garden1 #ij1 #aja2 plants for1 #aja ,grey plants1 #d1 #ea1 #fj1 #fe1 #ga1 #hj1 #aja ,grouping of plants1 #adj ,guelder ,rose1 #cf1 #ajh ,gypsophila1 #ec1 #gj1 #gb1 #hg1 #ajb ,h ,heath1 #ai1 #bj1 #he1 #acf2 path1 #ai ,helenium pumilum1 #gj ,helianthus1 #fi1 #gi2 in the ,gold garden1 #ajj ,hellebores1 ,lent1 #b1 #f1 #cd ,heracleum1 #dd ,heuchera ,richardsoni1 #bf1 #bi ,hidden ,garden1 #cb ,hill-side for planting1 #ch ,hollyhock1 #gj1 #abh ,hydrangea1 #fg1 #aac1 #aaf1 #abh2 as tub plants1 #abc2 ,h4 paniculata1 #hg ,i ,iberis1 see ,spring-garden1 #ej ,ipoma ,heavenly ,blue1 #aaj ,iris1 dwarf1 #bi2 ,cengialti1 #cd2 flag-leaved1 #ca1 #cb1 #ci1 #db1 #di1 #abh2 special borders of1 #dd ,j ,jasminum nudiflorum1 #aaa1 #acf ,july1 flower-border1 #eh ,june garden1 #ci2 climbers in ,june1 #dg ,juniper1 #acf ,k ,kalmia1 #hd ,kerria1 #ajg ,l ,laburnum1 arch of1 #hj ,lavender1 #gb1 #gc2 dwarf1 #fc ,laurel1 #acg ,ledum palustre1 #he ,lent ,hellebores1 #b1 #f1 #acf ,leycesteria formosa1 #bh1 #ace ,lilies1 #ce1 #he1 #ajc2 in the grey garden1 #aja2 in pots1 #aac ,lilium auratum1 #ab1 #hj2 longiflorum1 #fh1 #gb1 #abe2 giganteum1 #bi2 candidum1 #ajc1 #ajd1 #abd ,lily of the ,valley1 #hf ,lithospermum1 #bf ,lobelias1 #ff ,lupines1 #ci2 tree lupines1 #de1 #hh1 #ajc1 #acj2 as tub plants1 #aah ,m ,magnolia1 #ajg2 conspicua1 #d1 #ff2 stellata1 #e1 #abh ,maiden's ,wreath1 #aac1 #aaf ,maize1 #ajc ,marigold1 ,african1 #fh1 #gi1 #ha ,may-blooming shrubs1 #cf ,megasea1 #hf2 in bulb-border1 #f2 in spring garden1 #bb2 in pots1 #aac ,mertensia1 #be ,mowing-machine1 track of1 #ad ,mulberry1 #abh ,mulching the flower-border1 #ea ,mullein1 #dd ,myosotis1 #be ,myrrhis1 #bb1 #ajd ,myrtle1 #ajg ,n ,narcissus1 in bulb-border1 #g ,nepeta ,mussini1 with grey plants1 #df ,nut-walk1 #acb ,o ,olearia ,haastii1 #gc1 #acj2 ,o4 ,gunni1 #abh ,orchard1 #aca2 wild orchard1 #acb ,orobus vernus1 #bg ,othonna1 #ch ,p ,paint for tubs1 c41 #aah ,paths1 wood1 #ac ,papaver rupifragum1 #dc2 ,p4 pilosum1 #dc2 ,p4 orientale1 #dc ,pea1 ,white ,everlasting1 #ec1 #fe1 #gb1 #ajc ,pentstemons1 #dj1 #fc1 #gi ,peonies1 #ci1 #da1 #hh1 #abh ,peony albiflora1 #db ,peony1 tree1 #bf1 #cc2 as tub plants1 #aag ,perowskya1 #gc ,phlomis1 #hj ,phlox divaricata1 #bf1 #ca1 #cc2 amna1 #bf2 stellaria1 #ca ,pictures1 living1 #e1 #i2 some garden1 #aba ,planting in drifts1 #ae1 #bd ,plumbago capense1 #gi1 #ajc ,polygonum1 #hf ,pots1 plants in1 #aab ,primrose ,garden1 #ca ,privet1 golden1 #fe ,pyrus japonica1 #d1 #ajf ,pyrus malus floribunda1 #cf ,q ,quarries1 desirable for planting1 #aaa ,r ,reed1 #acd ,reedmace1 #acd ,rhododendron1 #c1 #ab1 #hd1 #acf ,ribbon ,grass1 #ajd ,robinia1 #ff ,rocky hillside1 planting for1 #aaa ,rosa altaica1 #cg2 ,burnet ,rose1 #cg2 ,fairy ,rose1 #abb ,rosemary1 #db1 #ajg ,roses1 garden1 #dj1 #da1 #acj2 with coloured bark1 #acd ,roses1 rambling1 #ce1 #dc1 #fb1 #he1 #aaa1 #acb ,rubus nutkanus1 #ab1 #hh2 odoratus1 #ab2 deliciosus1 #bi ,rudbeckia ,golden ,glow1 #fi1 #gi ,rue1 #fe1 #gi1 #ajc ,ruscus1 #ajd ,s ,salvia splendens1 #gi ,santolina1 #fe ,scillas1 #f ,sea ,kale1 #ea1 #eh1 #fe1 #fg ,sedum spectabile1 #ha ,senecio artemisifolius1 #ei1 #gj ,september1 ,flower-border in1 #gh ,skimmia1 #ai1 #ajd1 #acf ,smilacina1 #ah ,snapdragons1 #dj1 #fc1 #ff1 #hj1 #ha1 #ajc ,solanum crispum1 #aaj2 jasminoides1 #aaj ,solomon's ,seal1 #be1 #cc ,special colouring1 gardens of1 #hi ,spira ,aruncus1 #db1 #hh1 #ajc2 ,lindleyana1 #aji ,spring garden1 #ba ,stachys1 #gb1 #hj2 lanata1 #bh ,staking and supporting1 #ee ,st4 ,bruno's ,lily1 #cd ,stonecrops on iron roof1 #ef ,sweet ,cicely1 #bb1 #dj ,sweet ,verbena1 #aaj ,t ,tamarisk1 #ia1 #acj ,thalictrum1 #ei1 #ajc ,thyme1 wild1 #abf ,tiarella1 #cg ,training down tall plants1 #ed1 #fi1 #gi ,training plants one over another1 #ec1 #gb1 #ajb ,trientalis1 #af ,trillium1 #ae1 #he ,tritoma1 #gh1 #abh ,tubs1 plants for1 #aag ,tulips1 #bd1 #be ,u ,uvularia1 #bh1 #ch1 #he ,v ,valerian1 #aaa ,veratrum1 #bb ,verbascum1 #dd1 #ff ,veronica ,traversi1 #bh2 ,veronicas as tub plants1 #aag ,vine1 ,claret1 #ff2 ,vine1 #ajf1 #ajg1 #aaa1 #abh ,w ,wallflower1 #be ,wall shrubs1 #ff ,water ,elder1 #cg ,whortleberry1 #ag ,wild gardening1 #ac ,willows1 #acc ,winter colour1 #acc ,winter walk1 #ace ,witch ,hazel1 #acf ,woodland1 #h ,wood paths1 #ac2 wood and shrubbery edges1 #hc ,woodruff1 #cd ,y ,yew hedges1 #ia ,yucca1 #be1 #ej1 #fe1 #aja1 #ajc1 #abh2 raised borders for1 #ga ,printed by ,,ballantyne ,,co4 ,,limited ,tavistock ,street1 ,london ,illustration3 ,,the ,,garden ,the ,leading ,gardening ,newspaper for ,amateur and ,professional ,gardeners4 ,,price ,,one ,,penny ,,weekly ,,the ,,flower ,,garden ,,the ,,rose ,,garden ,,the ,,wall ,,and ,,water ,,garden ,,new ,,and ,,rare ,,plants ,,the ,,kitchen ,,garden ,,the ,,fruit ,,garden ,,orchids1 c41 c4 ,since ,the ,garden has been reduced from threepence to one penny1 its success has been extraordinary4 ,it meets the requirements of both ,,professional and ,,amateur ,,gardeners4 ,it is circulating rapidly amongst ,,beginners ,,in ,,gardening1 and the great feature of helping readers by greatly extending the ,,answers ,,to ,,correspondents has been much appreciated4 ,all branches of gardening are fully considered1 and descriptions and illustrations in colour and black and white of new plants1 the ,flower ,garden1 ,rose ,garden1 ,kitchen ,garden1 ,fruit ,garden1 and ,wall and ,water ,garden are given4 ,the ,garden is ,,the gardening paper wherein to learn the best ways of making a success of the smallest and largest gardens4 ,it is a paper for all to study who wish to thoroughly master the art of gardening4 ,gardening for ,beginners and ,answers to ,correspondents a ,special ,feature ,valuable ,prizes ,offered for ,competition ,a ,,coloured ,,plate ,,is ,,given ,,with ,,alternate ,,issues ,,consult ,,the ,,advertisement ,,pages ,,for ,,every ,,requisite ,,for ,,the ,,garden ,,to ,,be ,,had ,,of ,,all ,,newsagents ,,and ,,bookstalls ,specimen ,copy post free from the ,manager1 ,the ,garden1 #bj ,tavistock ,street1 ,covent ,garden1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 ,the ,country ,life ,library ,,the ,,century ,,book ,,of ,,gardening 7,,second ,,edition7 ,edited by ,e4 ,t4 ,,cook4 ,a comprehensive ,work for every ,lover of the ,garden4 #fbd pages1 with about #fjj ,illustrations4 #bas4 net2 by post1 #bas4 #aj;d4 ,times4--,no department of gardening is neglected1 and the illustrations of famous and beautiful gardens and of the many winsome achievements of the gardener's art are so numerous and attractive as to make the veriest cockney yearn to turn gardener4 ,,gardening ,,for ,,beginners 7,,fourth ,,edition7 ,a ,handbook to the ,garden4 ,by ,e4 ,t4 ,,cook4 #abs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #acs4 ,spectator4--,full of information about both the useful and the ornamental1 and as far as we have been able to test it1 eminently practical4 ,the beginner1 by the way1 will have gone a long way before he has assimilated the contents of this stout volume of nearly five hundred pages2 but then alia aliis cur1 and the wider the choice that is offered by a volume of this kind the better4 ,,trees ,,and ,,shrubs ,,for ,,english ,,gardens ,by ,e4 ,t4 ,,cook1 ,editor of ,,the ,,garden4 #abs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #abs4 #aa;d4 ,gardeners' ,chronicle4--,a good book on trees and shrubs is a real want4 ,few books are more often enquired for1 and until now we have had a difficulty in replying to our correspondents who have asked for information on the point4 ,in these days of trashy gardening books1 it is a pleasure to come across one which bears the stamp of original observation1 judicious inference1 and industrious research4 ,,roses ,,for ,,english ,,gardens ,by ,miss ,,gertrude ,,jekyll and ,mr4 ,e4 ,,mawley4 ,illustrated with #aij full-page ,plates4 #abs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #abs4 #aa;d4 ,daily ,chronicle4--,all the roses of ,england1 blossoming in a counterfeit summer of black and white1 seem to be gathered together into ,miss ,,jekyll',s charming book4 ,the pictures are really pleasant to look at2 near or far a rose photographs quite as well as a beautiful face1 and carries with it its own individual look4 ,no one can fail to be captured by ,miss ,,jekyll',s enthusiasm and fine discrimination4 ,,lilies ,,for ,,english ,,gardens ,written and compiled by ,miss ,,gertrude ,,jekyll4 #hs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #hs4 #aj;d4 ,westminster ,gazette4--',,lilies ,,for ,,english ,,gardens' is a volume in the ',country ,life' ,library1 and it is almost sufficiently high commendation to say that the book is worthy of the journal4 ,miss ,,jekyll',s aim has been to write and compile a book on ,lilies which shall tell amateurs1 in the plainest and simplest possible way1 how most easily and successfully to grow the ,lily--which1 considering its great beauty1 is not grown nearly so much as might be expected4 ,we certainly think that in the future there will be less neglect of this flower1 for after looking at some of the illustrations 7all admirable and admirably produced71 there will not be many garden owners who will be content to be ,lilyless4 ,,wall ,,and ,,water ,,gardens ,by ,miss ,,gertrude ,,jekyll4 ,containing instructions and hints on the ,cultivation of suitable plants on ,dry ,walls1 ,rock ,walls1 in ,streams1 ,marshpools1 ,lakes1 ,ponds1 ,tanks and ,water ,margins4 ,with #acc full-page ,illustrations4 #ahf pp41 #abs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #abs4 #aj;d4 ,times4--',,wall ,,and ,,water ,,gardens4'--,he who will consent to follow ,miss ,,jekyll aright will find that under her guidance the old walls1 the stone steps1 the rockeries1 the ponds or streamlets of his garden will presently blossom with all kinds of flowers undreamed of1 and become marvels of varied foliage4 ,more than a hundred photographs help to enforce ,miss ,,jekyll',s admirable lessons4 ,,gardening ,,made ,,easy ,price #as4 net2 by post1 #as4 #c;d4 ,by ,e4 ,t4 ,,cook1 ,editor of ,,the ,,garden4 ,an instructive and practical gardening book of #bjj pages and #bc ,illustrations1 all showing the way certain gardening operations should be performed4 ,every phase of gardening is included4 ,the beginner will find this a most helpful guide in the cultivation of flowers1 vegetables and fruits4 ,it is the ,a ,b ,c of gardening4 ,a ,,new ,,and ,,cheaper ,,edition ,,of ,,the ,,fruit ,,garden ,by ,,george ,,bunyard1 ,v4,m4,h41 and ,,owen ,,thomas1 ,v4,m4,h4 ,price #abs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #acs4 ,royal ,horticultural ,society ,journal4--,without any doubt the best book of the sort yet published4 ,there is a separate chapter for every kind of fruit1 and each chapter is a book in itself--there is1 in fact1 everything that anyone can need or wish for in order to succeed in fruit growing4 ,the book simply teems with illustrations1 diagrams1 and outlines4 ,the diagrams on pruning are particularly admirable2 we cannot speak too highly of them1 and from them anyone should be able to teach himself to be an expert pruner4 ,the book winds up with #ajj pages of outline drawings1 which should be a wonderful aid to identification4 ,manchester ,courier4--,if in ,england fruit culture ever receives the attention which is imperatively demanded1 the present volume will undoubtedly be looked back upon as a notable contributory factor to that result4 ,it is not merely that the writers are men of the highest experience who are also clear and capable wielders of the pen1 but they have laid under contribution the experiments1 achievements1 and lessons of other nations4444 ,it would be impossible to find elsewhere1 under one cover1 such a mass of useful1 stimulating1 well-arranged and up-to-date information regarding fruit culture4 ,tablet4--,it is a compilation by men who know their work1 and deals with the whole question in the most practical manner4 ,none of the writers waste words in mere description or exhortation4 ,plain directions are given for the cultivation of the different sorts of fruits1 their planting1 pruning1 and cropping1 and the best sorts indicated4 ,,sweet ,,violets ,,and ,,pansies1 ,,and ,,violets ,,from ,,mountain ,,and ,,plain ,written by several authorities1 and ,edited by ,e4 ,t4 ,,cook1 ,editor of ,,the ,,garden1 ,author of ,trees and ,shrubs1 c4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #cs4 #aj;d4 ,this interesting subject has never been treated in the same way as set forth in this illustrated book4 ,there are chapters upon the culture of sweet violets in winter and in the open garden1 upon ,heartsease and the ,tufted ,pansies 7,violas71 and upon the ,wild ,violets that have been introduced from ,america and elsewhere4 ,the information is thoroughly practical4 ,it is a dainty gift-book to gardening friends4 ,,the ,,book ,,of ,,british ,,ferns ,by ,,chas4 ,t4 ,,druery1 ,f4,l4,s41 ,v4,m4,h41 ,president of the ,british ,pteridological ,society4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #cs4 #aj;d4 ,st4 ,james's ,gazette4--,has been most carefully done2 no fewer than seven hundred choice varieties are described4 ,the book is well and lucidly written and arranged2 it is altogether beautifully got up4 ,mr4 ,,druery has long been recognised as an authority on the subject4 ,,carnations1 ,,picotees1 ,,and ,,pinks ,edited by ,e4 ,t4 ,,cook4 ,price #cs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #cs4 #aj;d4 ,the border ,carnation1 the ,picotee1 the ,malmaison1 and the ,tree ,carnation4 ,carnations for ,exhibition and for town gardens1 diseases of the ,carnation1 and the garden ,pinks and ,wild ,pinks are all fully considered1 and thoroughly practical information by experts is given on each subject4 ,manchester ,courier4--,there is little left unsaid on the subject of ,carnations and ,pinks in ,mr4 ,e4 ,t4 ,,cook',s interesting book on the subject4444 ,all lovers of those popular flowers should purchase ,mr4 ,,cook',s volume1 the illustrations to which are not its least admirable feature4 ,,my ,,garden ,by ,,eden ,,phillpotts4 #abs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #abs4 #aj;d4 ,the ,world4--,it is a thoroughly practical book1 addressed especially to those who1 like himself1 have about an acre of flower garden1 and are willing and competent to help a gardener to make it as rich1 as harmonious1 and as enduring as possible4 ,his chapters on irises are particularly good4 ,westminster ,gazette4-- 444 will attract no less for its literary charm than for the varied and interesting experiences which it details4444 ,mr4 ,phillpotts is a gardener every inch of him1 whatever else he may be1 and his book is not only a sound contribution to the literature of gardens1 but withal a very captivating one4 ,scotsman4--,a charming addition to a beautiful series1 the ',country ,life' ,library4 ,,in ,,english ,,homes ,,vols4 ,i4 ,,and ,,ii4 ,the internal ,character1 ,furniture1 and adornments of some of the most notable houses of ,england depicted from photographs specially taken by ,,charles ,,latham4 ,these large and handsome volumes measure #af in4 by #aa-a_/d in41 each contains about #bjj full-page plates and #aej smaller plates1 illustrating ,our goodly ,english ,dwelling-places1 those houses which have been sanctified by the passing of centuries4 #b #bs4 each net2 by post1 #b #cs4 ,scotsman4--,a veritable revelation of the wealth of internal adornments1 architectural and other1 contained in the great country mansions of ,england4 ,to turn over the pages of the volume is to obtain keen pleasure1 as well as enlightenment1 concerning a treasury of domestic art and archology which to a large extent is kept closed from the common eye4 ,morning ,post4--,such a work as ,,in ,,english ,,homes comes as something of a revelation4 ,one may have a general idea1 or even some particular knowledge of the splendours of architecture1 decoration1 furniture1 and works of art appertaining to our country mansions1 and yet be astonished at all the taste and magnificence represented in the profusion of excellent photographs4 ,the abundant illustrations are well designed to exemplify the elaborate details of carving and plaster work1 as well as the bold architectural schemes that characterise the interiors and exteriors of the house4 ,,vols4 ,i4 ,,and ,,ii4 ,,now ,,ready ,,gardens ,,old ,,and ,,new 7,the ,country ,house and its ,garden ,environment47 ,over #dej ,superb ,illustrations in each ,volume1 printed on treble thick ,art ,paper1 portraying in a manner never before attempted the greatest and most interesting ,gardens and ,homes in ,england4 #b ,vols41 #b #bs4 net each2 by post1 #b #cs4 each4 ,scotsman4--',,gardens ,,old ,,and ,,new' is a pictorial and descriptive record of some of the finest gardens in ,england4 ,each is illustrated by numerous photographs1 which are not only on a considerable scale1 but are reproduced in a most sumptuous fashion4 ,in each case there is a descriptive article1 which tells when the house was built1 what have been the fortunes of its owners1 and when and how its gardens have been laid out4 ,it is a book from which those who are fortunate in the possession of a garden may learn much of garden-craft1 while those who are not thus fortunate can derive much pleasure from the contemplation of the magnificent views with which the book is adorned4 ,,the ,,gardens ,,of ,,italy ,being a series of illustrations1 from photographs specially taken by ,,charles ,,latham1 of the most famous examples of those magnificent features of garden arrangement and architecture for which ,italy1 pre-eminently the earliest home of the garden1 is noted4 ,the same care and fastidious selection which distinguished ,,mr4 ,,latham',s previous work1 ,,in ,,english ,,homes1 has been exercised in these volumes1 and the spirit and atmosphere of the scenery have been caught with entire success4 ,this most important work1 which forms a handsome companion to ,,in ,,english ,,homes1 contains about #cjj plates1 and is issued in two volumes1 handsomely bound in cloth4 #c #cs4 net the ,two ,volumes2 by post1 #c #ds4 ,westminster ,gazette4--,the natural and artistic beauties of the famous palace or villa gardens of ,italy are most admirably illustrated1 and with such variety and success as must be reckoned among the triumphs of photographic work4 ,globe4--,the illustrations are among the best of their kind that we have seen1 especially in their rendering of distances of contrasted effects of light and shade4 ,the grouping of architectural subjects--often an insurmountable difficulty--is managed with skill1 the artist's feeling for composition enabling him frequently to make a good picture out of the material which is hardly within the photographer's customary limits4 ,yorkshire ,post4--,in the two handsome volumes a clear idea is given by illustrations and letterpress1 of the wonderful beauty of places to which the ordinary tourist seeks admittance in vain4 ,a ,,garden ,,in ,,venice ,by ,f4 ,,eden4 ,an account of ,mr4 ,eden's beautiful garden on the island of the ,guidecca at ,venice4 ,with #ba collotype and #ej other illustrations4 ,parchment limp1 #ajs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #ajs4 #aa;d4 ,glasgow ,herald4--,written with a brightness and an infectious enthusiasm that impart interest even to technicalities1 it is beautifully and rarely pictured1 and its material equipment is such as to delight the lover of beautiful books4 ,,economies ,,in ,,dairy ,,farming ,a ,new and ,important ,work on ,dairying1 by ,mr4 ,,ernest ,,mathews 7the well-known ,judge and ,expert74 #gs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #gs4 #aj;d4 ,the ,journal of the ,bath and ,west of ,england ,society4--,the author of this book is so well known among farmers1 especially those interested in the selection and judging of cows1 that his name and experience alone will go far to ensure that his views receive the attention they deserve4 ,he has for many years past been judge in all the most important butter tests which have been held at our principal agricultural shows4 ,,where ,,the ,,forest ,,murmurs ,by ,,fiona ,,macleod1 being a ,series of ,nature ,essays4 #fs4 net2 by post1 #fs4 #d;d4 ,morning ,post4--,no other than ,fiona ,macleod could so have transfigured ,nature into dream1 no other writer could have expressed with such unity of spirit the ,celtic attitude in terms of country things4 ,she finds the charm of the mountain in their contemplation from the valley1 the forest most vividly itself when the twigs are bare and the mosses shrouded in snow1 the most luminous moment of the cuckoo's year in its first days of silence1 and her love of all things greatest when they have just been taken away4 ,daily ,telegraph4--,there is everywhere a sense of the haunting mystery of the processes of the world viewed through the eyes of a simple unsophisticated nature1 which1 from perpetual brooding upon the face of the deep1 has caught something of the misty air and broken music of the waves4 ,suggestion1 rather than doctrine1 is the atmosphere of the work2 and in a certain vague1 but beautiful suggestiveness1 the strange but eager-hearted prose of this writer abounds to the very brim4 ,,seaside ,,planting ,,of ,,trees ,,and ,,shrubs ,by ,,alfred ,,gaut1 ,f4,r4,h4,s4 ,an interesting and instructive book dealing with a phase of arboriculture hitherto not touched upon4 ,it is profusely illustrated1 and diagrams are given explaining certain details4 ,those who have gardens and estates on exposed coasts will find the book of immense assistance1 and1 judging by the remarks of the writer1 it is astonishing what beautiful results may be achieved on such coasts when sufficient protection is afforded4 #es4 net2 by post1 #es4 #d;d4 ,,the ,,unheated ,,greenhouse ,by ,mrs4 ,k4 ,l4 ,,davidson4 ,containing full and clearly-written instructions as to the management of a cold greenhouse1 together with a list of plants that may be grown therein4 #hs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #hs4 #aj;d4 ,,country ,,life ,,library ,,of ,,sport ,edited by ,,horace ,g4 ,,hutchinson ,a ,series devoted to ,sport and ,pastime1 each branch being dealt with by the most qualified experts on the subjects which they have made peculiarly their own4 ,a special feature has been made of the reproduction of old sporting prints4 ,illustrated4 ,demy #hvo1 ,cloth4 ,,cricket ,with over #hj ,illustrations taken from the most interesting of the old ,cricketing prints4 #abs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #abs4 #aa;d4 ,,shooting ,in ,two ,volumes1 #abs4 #f;d4 each net2 by post1 #abs4 #aj;d4 each4 ,pall ,mall ,gazette4--,will prove a welcome and valuable addition to ,standard ,sporting ,literature4444 ,the subject is treated from a thoroughly practical and modern standpoint2 in its views and information it is entirely up-to-date4 ,,fishing ,with ,coloured ,plates of ,salmon and ,trout ,flies4 ,over #bej ,full ,page ,illustrations with various diagrams4 ,in ,two ,volumes1 #abs4 #f;d4 each net2 by post1 #acs4 ,morning ,post4--,few books on any sport1 and perhaps none on fishing1 have ever deserved better the description 'thorough4' ,to its title-page might well have been added the motto of the ,royal ,agricultural ,society1 ',science with ,practice1' and to the title itself1 ',the ,angler's ,encyclopdia4' ,from ,cornwall to ,john o' ,groats1 from ,wales to ,norway1 from ,florida to ,india and ,burma--here you may find what there is to be caught and how to catch it4 ,and no detail seems to have been overlooked4 ,localities1 baits1 tackle1 choice of rods1 methods of casting1 likely times--all are fully covered by experts who write from long experience1 and not because they spend odd days of the week going a-fishing and resolved to write a book about it4444 ,the book is profusely1 delightfully1 and usefully illustrated4 ,the salmon flies are excellent1 and so are the prints showing right and wrong methods of casting1 bringing in a fish1 and gaffing4444 ',fishing' has fully achieved its stated object of providing such information as may make a man an intelligent and a successful angler if he has an average brain and a love for craft4 ,,big ,,game ,,shooting ,with over #bjj ,illustrations from ,photographs showing ,animals in their actual habitat and natural environment4 ,in ,two ,volumes1 #abs4 #f;d4 each net2 by post1 #abs4 #aa;d4 each4 ,manchester ,courier4--,encyclopdic in its scope1 the work becomes by its value and interest a standard authority on the subjects treated4 ,,golf ,,greens and ,,green ,,keeping #ajs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #ajs4 #aj;d4 ,yorkshire ,daily ,post4--,the practical worth of the volume is nearly equal to the combined worth of all the books that have been written on the theory and practice of golf4 ,pall ,mall ,gazette4--,each article is written by a man who knows his subject1 and the book is brightened by a number of most admirable and helpful photographs4 ,it will be useful to secretaries of links already established1 and even more so to gentlemen who are thinking of pegging out a new course2 and we have no hesitation in saying that it should be on the library shelves of every golf club pavilion in the kingdom as a valuable practical treatise4 ,irish ,times4--,this is the first book on the subject4 ,it is an excellent book1 and one which every member of every green committee should read and re-read4 ,,half ,a ,,century ,,of ,,sport ,,in ,,hampshire ,being ,extracts from the shooting journals of ,,james ,,edward1 second ,earl of ,malmesbury1 with a prefatory memoir by his great grandson1 the ,fifth ,earl4 ,edited by ,f4 ,g4 ,,aflalo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #ajs4 #aa;d4 ,liverpool ,daily ,courier4--,the book is of great interest1 and an important contribution to the literature of sport and natural history4 ,it is charmingly illustrated4 ,,polo--,,past ,,and ,,present ,by ,t4 ,f4 ,,dale4 #abs4 #f;d4 net2 by post1 #abs4 #aa;d4 ,scotsman4--,a work than which there could be no better document of a man's claim to speak with authority4 ,this treatise is learned in the ancient history of the game1 well informed and exact in its directions as to how it is played in the various quarters of the globe1 and broad minded in its suggestions of an international code for the furtherance of its future prosperity4 ,it has many admirable illustrations1 and a delightful chapter of personal reminiscences1 discusses all the practical business of the game with a knowledge which the most expert will be the readiest to value highly1 and brings together into a well-stocked appendix a collection of rules and regulations and a list of clubs which materially increase the usefulness of the book for purposes of reference4 ,the volume promises at once to take rank as a book of first importance in the literature of its subject4 ,,country ,,life ,,the ,,journal ,,for ,,all ,,interested ,,in ,,country ,,life ,,and ,,country ,,pursuits ,subscription ,prices per annum 7,post free73 ,inland1 #bis4 #b;d42 ,foreign1 #dgs4 ,weekly1 ,price1 #f;d4 ,country ,life is a weekly journal addressed to all interested in country life and country pursuits4 ,one of its main features is the celebrated series of ,,country ,,homes and ,,gardens ,,old ,,and ,,new2 in each number a country seat1 remarkable either for its beauty or something peculiarly instructive in the architecture of the house1 gardens or grounds1 is elaborately illustrated in a manner that has proved of high service to those engaged in building and laying out or improving their estates4 ,other features of rural life are dealt with in an equally thorough manner4 ,the methods pursued on our most famous estates and farms are minutely described1 and photographs of the finest pedigree stock and the best machinery are given4 ,all forms of healthy outdoor sport are described and illustrated in their season4 ,in no case1 however1 are the facts set forth dry1 as the journal numbers among its contributors some of the most graceful and accomplished writers of the present day4 ,new books are also described and discussed by competent critics1 so that altogether the journal is calculated to give the best news and views on all subjects that are of interest in cultivated circles1 and the wholesomeness and fine open-air feeling that pervades its pages have almost become proverbial4 ,,country ,,life has1 in fact1 become indispensable4 ,dally ,telegraph4--',country ,life' is generally admitted to be the most beautifully produced of all the weeklies4 ,its process illustrations are unmatched1 and the letterpress is always carefully selected and good in quality4 ,westminster ,gazette4--,to say of ',country ,life' that it is one of the best of our illustrated productions is stating only half a fact1 inasmuch as in some of its features it stands alone4 ,its splendid gallery of stately mansions1 beautiful interiors1 and grand old gardens are incomparable4 ,daily ,mail4--',country ,life' has established itself as the most beautifully produced weekly journal in the world4 ,daily ,news4--,there is no feature of life in the country that is untouched1 and a bound volume of ',country ,life' is a real joy to possess and frequently to turn over4 ,spectator4--',country ,life' amply fulfils its promise of being 'the journal for all interested in country life and country pursuits4' ,liverpool ,daily ,courier4--,there is scarcely a number without one or more contributions of literary or other interest which will stand reading1 re-reading and study4 ,,london3 ,,published ,,at ,,the ,,offices ,,of ,,country ,,life1 ,,ltd41 ,,tavistock ,,st41 ,,covent ,,garden2 ,,and ,,by ,,george ,,newnes1 ,,ltd41 ,,southampton ,,st41 ,,strand1 ,w4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes ,obvious typographical errors have been silently corrected4 ,variations in hyphenation have been standardised1 but other variations in spelling1 punctuation and accents remain as in the original4 ,the index entry for ,solomon's seal has been corrected from #ee4 #cg to #be1 #cc4 ,the sequence of the table of illustrations has been altered by exchanging ,a ,,september ,,grey ,,garden and ,,the ,,grey ,,borders3 ,,gypsophila1 ,,echinops1 ,c4 to correspond with the sequence of the illustrations in the book4 ,italics are represented thus italic and bold thus bold4