,,de ,,tribus ,,impo/oribus1 ,a4 ,d4 #abcj4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,impo/ors ,,translat$ 7) ,notes & ,comm5ts7 ,,f ,a ,,fr5* ,,manuscript ,,( ,,! ,,"w ,,writt5 ,,9 ,,! ,,ye> #agaf1 ,,) ,a ,,diss]tation ,,on ,,! ,,orig9al ,,treatise ,,& ,a ,,bibliography ,,( ,,! ,,v>i\s ,,editions ,,by ,,alc(ribas ,,nasi]1 ,,! ,,lat]4 ,,privately ,,pr9t$ ,,= ,,! ,,subscrib]s4 #aijd4 ,,an ,,index ,,expurgatorius4 ,! man :o m>ks or leaves ) pages b5t ,! volume t "s tru/+ fri5d has l5t1 ,or keeps x ov] long1 or scruples n ,to let its due return+ be =got2 ,! man :o gu>ds 8 books ) mis]'s c>e1 ,& does n joy to l5d !m1 & to %>e2 ,! man ^: %elves are du/ begrim$ & few1 ,:o reads :5 he has no?+ else to d2 ,! man :o raves ( classic writ]s1 b ,is f\nd to keep !m ) _! leaves uncut2 ,! man :o looks on lit]ature z news1 ,& gets 8 culture f ! book reviews2 ,:o loves n fair1 clean type1 & m>g9s wide-- ,or loves ^! bett] ?an ! ?\ght inside2 ,:o buys 8 books to decorate ! %elf1 ,or gives a book he has n read himself2 ,:o reads f priggi% motives1 or = looks1 ,or any reason save ! love ( books-- ,great ,"l1 :o judge/ s9s ( all degrees1 ,is !re no little private hell = ^!8 ,edition #ceb copies4 #ab on l>ge pap]4 ,,introduction4 ,?is pamphlet 9 its pres5t =m is ! result ( an inquiry into ! *>act]s repres5t$ 9 a hi/orical grade ( ! ,anci5t ,accept$ ,scotti% ,rite1 & ! probability ( _! hav+ exi/$ at ! date m5tion$ 9 ! said grade4 ,few appe>$ to h any v cle> notion ( ! relation ( ! *>act]s to ! p]iod--,fr$]ick ,,ii4 be+ conf\nd$ ) 8 gr&-fa!r1 ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa--& ! date ( ! suppos$ f\ndation ( ! ,ord] ( ,teutonic ,knights1 #aaij1 be+ plac$ z ! date ( ! papacy ( ,oronata1 o!rwise ,honorius ,,iii4 ,inquiry be+ made ( "o 9 au?ority z to ! facts 9 ! case--he be+ suppos$ to "k--elicit$ ! reply t ! matt] _h be5 call$ to 8 att5tion "s mon?s previ\s by an inve/igator--n[ deceas$--b ! matt] _h be5 dropp$4 ,x 0 also surmis$ by ! same au?ority t an error might h be5 made by "o ( ! committee hav+ rituali/ic matt] 9 *>ge--b he1 hav+ also be5 ga!r$ to 8 fa!rs1 0 n available = evid5ce4 ,x is /at$ t ! action took place :5 ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 0 ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 & ,honorius ,,iii4 presid$ ov] spiritual conditions2 b ?is ,pope1 accord+ to ,haydn's ,diction>y ( ,dates1 reign$ #abaf-abbg1 & ! diss]tation on ! pamphlet names ,gregory ,,ix41 successor to ,honorius1 7#abbg-abda7 z ! ,pope aga9/ :om ! treatise 0 writt54 ,! infam\s book m5tion$ 9 ! repres5tation no "o seem$ to h any k (4 ,inquiry made conc]n+ ! treatise at v>i\s libr>ies suppos$ to possess x1 & ( v>i\s individuals :o might "k some?+ ( x1 elicit$ b ! in=mation t x 0 purely leg5d>y1 t1 x _h no exi/5ce except by title1 & t x 0 an item ( lit]ature entirely lo/4 ,hav+ be5 a book collector & a close read] ( book catalogs = ov] tw5ty-five ye>s1 ,i _h nev] not$ any copy (f]$ = sale1 b a fri5d ) ! same mania = books1 _h se5 a copy m5tion$ 9 a ,g]man catalog1 & be+ int]e/$ 9 de tribus ,impo/oribus = reasons h]e9 m5tion$1 _h s5t = & procur$ ! same--an edition ( a ,lat9 v]sion compil$ f a ,ms4 #aeih1 ) a =eword 9 ,g]man4 ,! ,g]man 0 famili> to him1 b ! ,lat9 0 n available4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,i f\nd 9 a catalog ( a correspond5t ( m9e at ,london1 a book entitl$ ,les ,trois ,impo/eurs4 ,de ,tribus ,impo/oribus et diss]tation sur le livre des ,trois ,impo/eurs1 sm4 #dto4 ,saec4 ,,xviii41 & succe$$ 9 pur*as+ x4 ,! manuscript is well writt51 & app>5tly by two diff]5t h&s1 :i* w\ld be probable f ! facts set =? 9 ! ,diss]tation4 ,a copy ( ! translation f ! ,lat9 is probably deposit$ 9 ! libr>y ( ,duke ,eug5e de ,subaudio z set =? 9 ! colophon at end ( ! manuscript4 ,! manuscript is writt5 9 ! ,fr5* ( ! p]iod1 & is dat$ 9 ! colophon z #agaf4 ,! discov]y ( ! orig9al ,lat9 docum5t is m5tion$ 9 ! ,diss]tation z ab\t #agjf4 ,x has be5 annotat$ by ano!r h&1 z %[n by foot notes1 & sev]al ins]t$ %eets conta9+ notes 9 /ill ano!r h&1 7 writt5 evid5tly ab\t #agdf1 z "o ( ! %eets is a portion ( a lett] po/m>k$ #d;e ,a\t 9 latt] ye>4 ,i app5d a bibliography f ,well]'s ,lat9 repr9t ( #aeih :i* w %[ t ! pamphlet has be5 done be=e2 b x w be not$ t ,engli% v]sions are n s pl5ty z ^? 9 o!r tongues1 & b "o is kn[n to h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge my indebt$ness to ,doctissimus vir ,h>pocrates1 ,col4 ,f4 ,montrose1 & ,maj4 ,otto ,kay = valu$ assi/ance 9 languages ) :i* ,i am n ?or\ghly famili>1 & also to ,mr4 ,david ,hut*eson1 ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 = favors grant$4 ,ample apologies w be f\nd = ! treatise 9 ! sev]al introductions quot$ f v>i\s editions1 & ^? fond ( lit]>y curiosities w c]ta9ly be gratifi$ by its appe>ance 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,a4 ,n4 ,,bibliography4 ,9 #ahdf1 ,emil ,well] publi%$ ,de ,tribus ,impo/oribus1 & also a lat] edition 9 #ahgf1 at ,heilbronn1 f a ,lat9 copy ( "o ( ! only f\r kn[n to be 9 exi/5ce & pr9t$ 9 #aeih4 ,! copy f :i* x 0 tak51 consi/+ ( title & =ty-six leaves1 qu>to1 is at ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,dresd51 & 0 pur*as$ = "o hundr$ guld54 ,! o!r ?ree1 accord+ to ,eb]t 9 8 ,bibliographical ,lexicon1 are z foll[s3 "o 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,p>is1 "o 9 ! ,crevanna ,libr>y & ! o!r 9 ! libr>y ( ,r5\>d4 ,an edition 0 publi%$ at ,rackau1 9 ,g]many1 9 #aeih1 & ,?omas ,campanella 7#afcf71 9 8 ,a!ismus ,triumphatus1 gives ! ye> ( its fir/ publication z #aech4 ,florimond ,raimond 7o!rwise ,l\is ,ri*eome17 claims to h se5 a copy own$ by 8 tea*]1 ,pet] ,ramus1 :o di$ 9 #aegb4 ,all ! talk ( !ological critics t ! booklet 0 fir/ pr9t$ 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury1 is made out ( :ole clo?4 ,!re is no?+ mod]n ab\t ! edition ( #aeih4 ,x may be comp>$1 = example1 ) ,m>t9 ,wittel's pr9t ( ! la/ decade ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 by :i* x is claim$ t x c\ld n h be5 pr9t$ !n1 z ! pap] & pr9t+ ( t p]iod closely resembles t ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,) ! exception ( ! religi\s my?s1 few writ+s ( ! d>k ages h _h z _m hypo!ses advanc$ 9 reg>d to orig9 z !re h be5 reg>d+ ?is "o4 ,accord+ to ,john ,br& x _h be5 pr9t$ at ,krakau1 accord+ to o!rs1 9 ,italy or ,hung>y z a translation ( an ,arabic orig9al exi/+ some:]e 9 ,france4 ,william ,po/el m5tions a tract de ,tribus ,prophetis1 & gives ,mi*ael ,s]vetus1 a ,spani% doctor1 z ! au?or4 ,! ,capu*9 ,monk ,joly1 9 ,vol4 ,,iii ( 8 ,conf]5ce ( ,my/]ies1 assures u t ! ,hugu5ot1 ,nic4 ,b>naud1 9 #afab1 on acc\nt ( an issue ( de ,tribus ,impo/oribus1 0 excommunicat$ z its au?or4 ,johann ,muell]1 9 8 ,besiegt5 ,a!ismus1 7,conqu]$ ,a!ism71 m5tions a c]ta9 ,na*tigal :o publi%$ at ,hague1 9 #afad1 ,de ,trib4 ,imp41 & 0 !re=e exil$4 ,mo%eim & ,r\sset accuse ,fr$]ick ,,ii z ! au?or ) ! assi/ance ( 8 ,*ancellor1 ,petrus de ,v9eis4 ,v9eis1 h[ev]1 decl>es himself oppos$ ev5 to ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( ! book1 & 9 8 ,epi/4 ,lib4 #a1 *4 #ca1 p4 #baa1 says he nev] _h any idea ( x4 ,o!rs place ! au?or%ip ) ,av]roes1 ,pet] ,arret9 & ,petrus ,pomponatius4 ,he9ri* ,ern/ accuses ! above m5tion$ ,po/el4 ,po/el attributes x to ,s]vetus1 :o1 9 turn1 places x at ! door ( ! ,hugu5ot ,b>naud4 ,! in/igator ( ! treatise1 x is claim$1 %\ld h be5 ,julius ,ces> ,van9i1 :o 0 burn$ at ,t\l\se 9 #afai1 or ,ryswick1 :o suff]$ at ! /ake 9 ,rome 9 #afab4 ,o!r p]sons accus$ ( ! au?or%ip are ,mac*iavelli1 ,rabelais1 ,erasmus1 ,milton 7,john1 born #afjh17 a ,mahometan nam$ ,m]ula1 ,dolet1 & ,giordano ,bruno4 ,accord+ to ,campanella1 to :om ! au?or%ip 0 attribut$ occasionally1 ,muret1 or ,joh4 ,franz4 ,poggio1 7 responsible4 ,br[ne says x 0 ,b]nh>d ,o*9i1 & ,m>esius lays x to ,johann ,boccaccio4 ,! ?ree *eats are ,moses1 ,jesus & ,mahomet1 b ! tracts ( ea* ( ! latt] alleg$ au?ors treat only ( ,moses1 ( :om !y say t 8 ass]tions 9 ,g5esis w n hold wat]1 & _c be prov$4 ,well]1 9 8 edition ( #ahgf1 speak+ ( ! copy ( #aeih1 says t ?is issue %\ld nev] be comp>$ ) any ( ! =ego+4 ,_m au?ors h writt5 de ,tribus ,impo/oribus because !y _h "s special object 9 view2 = in/ance1 ,john ,bapt4 ,mor9us1 :5 he edit$1 "u ! "n ( ,v9c5tius ,panurgius1 9 ,p>is1 #afed1 an argum5t aga9/ ,gass5di1 ,neure1 & ,b]ni]4 ,joh4 ,evelyn ) a ,hi/oria de tribus hujus seculi famosis ,impo/oribus1 ,padre ,ottomano1 ,mahom$ ,bei1 o!rwise ,joh4 ,mi*4 ,cigala1 & ,sabbatai ,sevi 7,engli% #afhj1 ,g]man #affi17 #a ,*ri/ian ,kor?olt de ,tribus ,impo/oribus ,magnus1 7,kiel #afhj & ,hamburg #agja17 aga9/ ,h]b]t1 ,hobbes & ,sp9osa1 ,hadrian ,bev]l&1 ,p]9i del ,vago1 ,equitis de ,malta1 ,epi/olium ad ,batavum 9 ,brittania hospitem de tribus ,impo/oribus1 7,lat9 & ,engli% #agji47 ,f9ally1 ,mi*ael ,alb]ti1 "u ! "n ( ,&ronicus1 publi%$ a ,tractatus ,m$ico-hi/oricus de tribus ,impo/oribus1 :i* he nam$ ! ?ree great ,tempt]s ( ,humanity3 #a4 ,tea & ,c(fee4 #b4 ,laz9ess4 #c4 ,home apo!c>ies4 ,cosmopoli ,bey 7,pet] ,m>t9 ,roman71 issu$ at ,russworn 9 ,ro/ock 9 #agca1 & a new edition ( same treatise--,de ,trib4 ,imp4--#agch & #agef4 ,= a long "t s*ol>s confus$ ! g5u9e ,lat9 treatise ) a lat] "o4 ,de la ,monnoye fabricat$ a long diss]tation 9 :i* he d5i$ ! exi/5ce ( ! orig9al ,lat9 edition1 b receiv$ a well m]it$ refutation at ! h&s ( ,p4 ,f4 ,arpe4 ,! false book is ,fr5*--,la vie et l'esprit de ,mr4 ,b5oit ,sp9oza4 #b ,! au?or ( ! fir/ "p 0 ,h(ra? ,vroes1 9 ,hague1 & ! second 0 writt5 by ,dr4 ,lucas4 ,x made its fir/ appe>ance at ,hague #agai1 & lat] 9 #agba1 "u ! title de ,tribus ,impo/oribus1 des ,trois ,impo/eurs4 ,frank=t-on-!-,ma9 at ! exp5se ( ! ,translator 7i4 e4 ,rott]dam47 ,ri*>d la ,selve prep>$ a ?ird edition "u ! orig9al title ( ,! ,life ( ,sp9oza1 by "o ( 8 ,disciples4 ,hamburgh 7really 9 ,holl&17 #agce4 ,9 #agfh !re 0 pr9t$ by ,m4 ,m4 ,rey1 at ,am/]dam1 a new edition call$ a ,treatise ( ! ,?ree ,impo/ors2 imm$iately aft] ano!r edition appe>$ at ,yv]don] #agfh1 ano!r 9 ,holl& #agge1 & a lat] "o 9 ,g]many #aggg4 ,! cont5ts ( ,l'esprit de ,sp9oza 7,g]man7 by ,sp9oza ,,ii1 or ,subiro? ,sopim--,rome1 by ,wid[ ,bona ,spes #eggj--7,vieweg 9 ,b]l9 #aghg17 are briefly ,*ap4 ,i1 ,conc]n+ ,god4 ,*ap4 ,,ii1 ,reasons :y m5 h creat$ an invisible ,be+ :i* is commonly call$ ,god4 ,*ap4 ,,iii1 ,:at ! ^w ,religion signifies1 & h[ & :y s _m ( ^! ,religions h crept into ! _w4 ,*ap4 ,,iv1 ,evid5t tru?s4 ,*ap4 ,v1 ,( ! ,s\l4 ,*ap4 ,,vi1 ,( ,gho/s1 ,demons1 etc4 ,!n foll[s fifte5 *apt]s :i* are n 9 ! treatise 78 ,edition #aeih47 ,! foll[+ became kn[n by reason ( peculi>ities ( _! diction3 #a4 ,ridiculum et impo/urae 9 omni hom9um religione1 scriptio p>adoxa1 quam ex autographo gallico ,victoris ,amadei ,v]imontii ob summam rei dignitatem 9 lat9um s]monem tran/ulit #agdf4 ,:i* accord+ to ,mas* consi/s ( f five to six %eets & foll[s ! g5]al cont5ts1 b n 9 ! ord] ( ! orig9al edition4 #b4 ,a second4 ,qua$am deficiunt1 s4 fragm5tum de libro de tribus impo/oribus4 ,fifty-"o pages is a fragm5t4 #c4 ,"o m5tion$ by ,gotts*$4 ,de impo/oris religionum breve4 ,comp5dium descriptum ab exempl>i ,m,sto4 quod 9 ,biblio!ca ,jo4 ,fri$4 ,may]i1 ,b]ol9i ,ao4 #agaf1 publice di/racta depreh5sum et a ,pr9cipe ,eug5io de ,sabaudio #hj ,imp]ialibus r$emptum fuit4 7=ty-?ree pages47 ,! great] "p ( ! real book 9 ?irty-"o p>agraphs1 ! end+ ( :i* is ,communes namque demon/rationes1 quae publicantur1 nec c]tae1 nec evid5tes1 sunt1 et res dubias p] alias saepe magias dubias probant1 adeo ut exemplo eorum1 qui circulum currunt1 ad t]m9um semp] r$eant1 a quo curr]e incep]unt4 ,f9is4 #c ,a ,g]man translation ( ?is is said to be 9 exi/5ce4 #d4 ,accord+ to a newspap] report ( #agaf1 !re also %\ld exi/ an edition :i* beg9s3 ,quamvis omnium hom9em int]sit nosse v]itatem1 r>i tam5 boni illi qui eam norunt1 etc41 #d & ends1 ,qui v]itatis amantes sunt1 multum solatii inde capi5t1 et hi sunt1 quibus plac]e ge/imus1 nil curantes mancipia1 quae praejudicia oraculorum--infallibilium loco v5]antur4 #e4 ,/raube 9 ,vi5na made a repr9t ( ! edition ( #aeih 9 #agec4 #f4 ,a new repr9t is conta9$ 9 a pamphlet edit$ by ,c4 ,c4 ,e4 ,s*mid & almo/ entirely confiscat$1 entitl$3 ,zwei selt5e antisup]naturali/is*e manuscripte4 ,two r>e anti-sup]naturali/ic manuscripts4 7,b]l91 ,krieg] 9 ,giess51 #agib47 #g4 ,!re rec5tly appe>$ ?r\gh ,w4 ,f4 ,g5! an edition1 ,de impo/ura religionum comp5dium s4 lib] de tribus impo/oribus1 ,leipsic1 #ahcc4 #h4 ,f9ally1 ?r\gh ,gu/av ,brunet ( ,bordeaux an edition f\nd$ ^u ! text ( ! #aeih edition 0 produc$ ) ! title1 de ,tribus ,impo/oribus1 ,,mdiic4 ,lat9 text collat$ f ! copy ( ! ,duke de la ,valli]e1 n[ 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y2 #e enl>g$ ) diff]5t read+s f sev]al manuscripts1 etc41 & philologic & bibliographical notes by ,philomne/e ,junior1 ,p>is1 #ahfa 78#ahfg74 ,only #bcg copies pr9t$1 & is out ( pr9t & r>e4 #i4 ,an ,italian translation ( ! same appe>$ 9 #ahfd by ,daelli 9 ,milan ) title z above4 #aj4 ,a ,spani% edition also exi/s tak5 f ! same s\rce & "u ! same title4 ,london 7,burdeos7 #ahbc4 ,note4 ,all ! prec$+ ,bibliography is f ! edition ( ,emil ,well]1 ,heilbronn #ahgf4--;,a4 ,n4 ,! only edition kn[n to h be5 pr9t$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 entitl$ ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors4 ,translat$ 7) notes & illu/rations7 f ! ,fr5* edition ( ! "w1 publi%$ at ,am/]dam1 #aggf4 ,republi%$ by ,g4 ,vale1 ,beacon ,(fice1 #c ,frankl9 ,squ>e1 ,new ,york1 #ahdf1 #hdpp4 #abo4 ,a copy is 9 ! ,congressional ,libr>y at ,wa%+ton4 ,f ?is ,i transcribe ! foll[+ notes3 ,,note ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,publi%]4 ,we publi% ?is valuable "w1 = ! reasons conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ ,note1 ( :i* we approve3 ,,note ,,by ,,! ,,briti% ,,publi%]4 ,! foll[+ little book ,i pres5t to ! read] )\t any rem>ks on ! diff]5t op9ions relative to its antiquity2 z ! subject is amply discuss$ 9 ! body ( ! "w1 & con/itutes "o ( its mo/ int]e/+ & attractive features4 ,! ,edition f :i* ! pres5t is translat$ 0 br\ght me f ,p>is by a di/+ui%$ def5d] ( ,civil & ,religi\s ,lib]ty3 & z my fri5d _h an anxiety f a ?or\gh conviction ( its int]e/ & value1 to see x publi%$ 9 ! ,engli% ,language1 ,i h f l feel+s br\ght x be=e ! public1 & ,i am conv9c$ t x is em95tly calculat$ to promote ! cause ( ,fre$om1 ,ju/ice & ,morality4 ,j4 ,myles4 ,,preface ,,by ,,! ,,translator4 ,! ,translator ( ! foll[+ little treatise deems x necess>y to say a few words z to ! object ( its publication4 ,x is giv5 to ! _w1 nei!r ) a view to advocate ,scepticism1 nor to spread ,infidelity1 b simply to v9dicate ! "r ( private judgm5t4 ,no human be+ is 9 a position to look into ! he>t1 or to decide correctly z to ! cre$ or conduct ( 8 fell[ mortals2 & ! attributes ( ! ,deity are s f> beyond ! grasp ( limit$ reason1 t man mu/ become a ,god himself be=e he c compreh5d !m4 ,su* be+ ! case1 surely all h>% c5sure ( ea* o!r's op9ions & actions ought to be ab&on$2 & e "o %\ld s tra9 himself z to be enabl$ to decl>e ) ! humane & manly philosoph] ,homo sum1 nihil humani me ali5um puto4 ,dundee1 ,septemb] #ahdd4 ,! ,vale production is evid5tly translat$ f an edition d]iv$ f ! ,lat9 manuscript :i* is ! basis ( ! translation giv5 9 ?is volume4 ,! v>iations 9 ! text ( ea* n be+ important1 b simply due to ! diff]5t modes ( expression ( ! translators--! ideas convey$ be+ ! same4 ,! ,treatise 9 ,vale's edition concludes ) ! foll[+3 ,happy ! man :o1 /udy+ ,nature's laws1 ,?r\gh kn[n effects c trace ! secret cause2 ,8 m9d possess+ 9 a quiet /ate1 ,fe>less ( ,=tune1 & resign$ to ,fate4 --,dryd5's ,virgil4 ,georgics ,book ,,ii1 l4 #gjj4 ,!re is also 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress a volume entitl$ ,trait des ,trois ,impo/eurs4 ,en ,suisse de l'imprim]ie philosophique--#agic4 ,bo>ds #c #a_/b #e #c_/d in*es1 conta9+ ! ,treatise prop] #aab pp4 ,s5tim5s sur le traite des trois impo/eurs1 7,de la ,monnaye7 #cb pp4 ,response a la diss]tation de ,m4 de la ,monnaye #ai pp4 sign$ ,j4 ,l4 ,r4 ,l4 & dat$ at ,leyd5 #a ,jan41 #agaf1 to :i* ?is note is app5d$3 ,?is lett] is f ,sieur ,pi]re ,fr$]ic ,arpe1 ( ,kiel1 9 ,hol/e91 au?or ( ! apology ( ,van9i1 pr9t$ at ,rott]dam 9 #ho1 #agab4 ,! lett] conta9s ! acc\nt ( ! discov]y ( ! orig9al ,lat9 manuscript at ,frank=t-on-!-,ma91 9 sub/ance mu* ! same z ! translation giv5 9 ?is edition4 ,9 ! copy at ! ,congressional ,libr>y1 ,i f9d ! foll[+ manuscript notes :i* may be r5d]$ z foll[s3 ,voltaire d\bt$ ! exi/5ce ( ?is "w1 ?is 0 9 #agfg4 ,see 8 lett] to 8 ,highness ,monseigneur ,! ,pr9ce ( ----4 ,lett] ,v1 ,vol4 #dh ( 8 works1 p4 #cab4 ,see ,b>bi] ,dict4 des ouv4 anon4 ,nos4 #ahbej1 #aijfj1 #bafab4 ,de ,tribus ,impo/oribus4 ,anon4 ,l'esprit de ,sp9osa trad4 du lat9 p> ,vroes4 ,9 connection ) ?is latt] note1 & obs]v+ ! "n writt5 at end ( ! colophon ( ! manuscript f :i* ! pres5t edition is translat$1 x is probable t ?is same ,vroese 0 ! au?or ( ano!r translation4 ,ano!r rem>kable copy is conta9$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ! title page ( :i* is display$ z foll[s3 ,,trait ,,des ,,trois ,,impo/eurs ,,des ,,religions ,,dom9antes ,,et ,,du ,,culte d'apres l'analyse con=me l'hi/oire4 ,,cont5ant nombre d'obs]vations morales1 analogues celles mises l'ordre du j\r1 p\r l'aff]missem5t de la ,rpublique1 sa gloire1 et l'dification des peuples de t\s les pays4 ,,orn ,,de ,,trois ,,gravures4 ,,philadelphie s\s l'auspices du gnral ,,wa%+?on ,,et ,,se ,,tr\ve ,a ,,p>is *ez le citoy5 ,,m]ci]1 homme de lettres1 rue du ,cocq ,honor1 ,no4 #abj1 ,,london1 at ,m4 ,mill]1 libryre1 ,boon ,/reet1 ,,piccadelly4 ,m4,,dcc4,,xcvi4 ,note4--,?is edition has und\bt$ly be5 translat$ f ! orig9al ,lat9 manuscript4--,a4 ,n4 ,translation4 ,treatise ( ! ,?ree ,impo/ors ( ! gov]n+ ,religions & wor%ip1 aft] an exam9ation con=mable to hi/ory1 conta9+ a numb] ( moral obs]vations1 analog\s to ^? plac$ 9 ! ord] ( ! day = ! support ( ! republic1 its glory1 & ! edification ( ! p ( all c\ntries4 ,ornam5t$ ) ?ree engrav+s4 ,at ,philadelphia "u ! auspices ( ,g5]al ,wa%+ton1 & may be f\nd at ,p>is at ! h\se ( ,citiz5 ,m]ci] 7,claude ,francois ,xavi] #f71 man ( lett]s1 #abj ,cocq ,honor /reet1 & at ,london at ,mr4 ,mill]'s1 booksell]1 ,boon /reet1 ,piccadelly1 #agif4 ,on ! foll[+ page may be f\nd ! foll[+3 ,,le ,,peuple ,,fran,,ais ,,reconnant ,l',,tre ,,supr,,me ,l',,immortalit ,,de ,l',,ame ,,et ,,la ,,lib]t ,,des ,,cultes ---- #g ,,trait ,,des ,religions ,dom9antes #h ,*apt] ,i4 ,conc]n+ ,god1 #f p>agraphs4 ,*apt] ,,ii4 ,reasons1 etc41 #aa p>agraphs4 ,*apt] ,,iii4 ,religi\s1 #i p>agraphs4 ,les prtres ne sont pas ce qu'un va9 peuple p5se ,notre crdulit fait t\te leur sci5ce4 ,prie/s are n :at va9 p ?9k1 ,our cr$ulity makes all _! sci5ce4 ,*apt] ,,iv4 ,moses1 #b p>agraphs4 ,*apt] ,v4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 #aj p>agraphs4 ,p>agraph #b4 ,politics2 p>agraph #f4 ,morals4 ,*apt] ,,vi4 ,mahomet1 #b p>agraphs4 ,*apt] ,,vii4 ,evid5t ,tru?s1 #f p>agraphs4 ,*apt] ,,viii4 ,! ,s\l1 #g p>agraphs4 ,*apt] ,,ix4 ,demons1 #g p>agraphs4 ,fac+ page tw5ty-sev5 is a m$allion copp] plate ( ,moses1 ar\nd :i* are ^! words 7translat$73 ,moses saw ,god 9 ! burn+ bu%1 & b5ea? ! foll[+ f ,voltaire's ,pucelle 7translat$73 ,alone on ! summit ( ! my/]i\s m\nt ,z he desir$1 he clos$ 8 =tie? ye>4 ,!n sudd5ly he appe>$ ^u ! pla9 ,) buck's horns #i %9+ on 8 =ehead4 ,:i* brilliant miracle 9 ! m9d ( ! philosoph] ,creat$ a prompt effect4 ,9 a note to p>4 ,,ii4 occur ! foll[+ l9es :i* translat$ read3 ,h[ _m *anges a revolution makes3 ,heav5 has br\ght u =? 9 happy "t ,to see ! _w----,"h ! weak ,italian ,is fright5$ at ! sight ( a /ole3 ,! pr\d ,fr5*man a/oni%$ at no?+ ,boldly goes to defy ! ,pope at 8 capital ,& ! gr& ,turk 9 turban1 l a good ,*ri/ian1 ,recites ! pray]s ( 8 fai? ,& prays to ,god = ! pagan ,arab1 ,hav+ no ?\ght ( any k9d ( exp$i5t ,nor means to de/roy alt>s & idol wor%ip4 ,! ,supreme ,be+ 8 only & sole support1 ,does n exact = (f]+ a s+le co9 ,f any sect1 f ,jew nor plebeian3 ,:at ne$ has ,he ( ,temple or ar*bi%op8 ,! he>t ( ! j & ! g5]al good ,%9es l a brilliant sun on ! halo ( glory4 ,!n foll[s a ,b\quet = ! ,pope3 ,?\ :om flatt]]s h inve/$ ) a va9 title1 ,%alt ?\ at ?is late day become ! arbit] ( ,europe8 ,*>itable pontiff1 & fri5d ( humanity1 ,hav+ s _m sov]eigns z fa!rs ( families1 ,! successors ( ,*ri/1 9 ! mid/ ( ! sanctu>y ,h !y n plac$ unblu%+ly1 ince/ & adult]y8 ,be ?is ! la/ ( impo/ure & ?y la/ sigh4 ,d ?yself m honor1 e/eem & pleasure1 ,?an all ! monum5ts erect$ to ! glory ,( ?y pr$ecessors 9 ! temple ( memory4 ,let !m read on ?y tomb 'he 0 wor?y ( love1 ,! fa!r ( ! ,*ur* & oracle ( ! day4' ,on ! foll[+ page is a copp] plate pr(ile portrait ( ,pius ,,vi4 surr\nd$ by ! words ,s5atus ,populus ,que ,romanus4 ,at ! side ,pr9cipis ,ecclesiae dotes vis ,c]n]e ,magni4 7,s5ate & ,p ( ,rome--,pr9ce ( ! ,*ur* end[$ ) p[] & great wisdom47 ,b5ea?3 ,! tal5ts ( ! le>n$ & ! virtues ( ! wise1 ,a noble & b5efic5t mann] ) :i* all are *>m$1 ,depict mu* bett] ?an ?is image ,! true portrait ( ,pius ,,vi4 ,fac+ page fifty-"o is a copp] plate portrait ( ,mahomet1 & b5ea? ?is tribute3 ,"k y n yet1 weak & sup]b man1 ,t ! humble insect hidd5 b5ea? a leaf ,& ! imp]i\s eagle :o flies to heav5's dome1 ,am\nt to no?+ 9 ! eyes ( ! ,et]nal4 ,all m5 are equal3 n bir? b virtue ,di/+ui%es !m ap>t4 ,!n !re are ins]t$ a numb] ( v]ses1 "s ( ! titles read+3 ,homage to ! ,supreme ,be+4 ,voltaire ,admitt$ to ,heav54 ,homage to ! ,et]nal ,fa!r4 ,b\quet to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,p>is4 ,inf9ite ,m]cy--,consolation = ,s9n]s4 ,lots ( ,room 9 ,heav54 ,! ,holy ,_s ,abs5t f ,heav51 etc4 ,conclud+ ) ,a ,picture ( ,france at ! ,"t ( ! ,revolution4 ,nobility )\t s\ls1 a fanatical cl]gy4 ,frightful tax ga!r]s gnaw+ a pluck$ p4 ,fai? & cu/oms a prey to design+ p]sons4 ,a price set ^u ! head ( ! ,*ancellor 7,maupe\74 ,! skeleton ( a p]fidi\s ,s5ate4 ,n d>+ to puni% a p>ricidal conspiracy4 ,o1 my c\ntry6 ,o1 ,france6 ,?y mis]ies ,h ev5 drawn te>s f ,rome4 #aj ,if y h no ,republic1 & no pure legislators ,l exi/ 9 ,am]ica1 to deliv] y f ! oppression ,( a tyrann\s empire ( knaves1 brig&s & robb]s2 ,l ! ,briti% cab9et & ! skillful ,pitt1 *ief ( flatt]]s1 ,:o ) 8 magic lant]n fasc9ates ev5 ! wise ones4 ,?is clique w soon be se5 to fall1 if ! ,fr5* become ! conqu]ors ,( ?is anci5t slav]y1 & %[ !mselves ! pr\d protectors ,( _! musical ,c>magnole4 ,9 ! "n ( k+s & emp]ors1 h[ mu* iniquity & horror ,:i* are record$ 9 hi/ory1 cause ! read] to %udd] ) fright4 ,! entrance ( fri5ds 9 ,belgium1 to ! eyes ( ^? :o "k1 ,is x n an unique epo*8 ,& ?is mo/ flatt]+ tie1 su/a9$ by a h]oic compact1 ,w be ! desire ( all he>ts4 ,,bo/on "u ! protection ( ,congress4 ,b\nd 9 ?is volume is a pamphlet entitl$ ,la ,fable de ,*ri/ devoile4 ,p>is3 ,frankl9 ,press4 #ge ,rue de ,cl]y4 #bnd ye> ( ! ,republic4 ,also1 loge non-funbre de ,jesus et du ,*ri/ianisme4 ,pr9t$ on ! dbris ( ! ,ba/ille1 & ! fun]al pile ( ! ,inquisition4 #bnd ye> ( ,lib]ty1 & ( ,*ri/ #agia4 ,ano!r closes ! volume3 ,lettres ,philosophique sur ,/4 ,paul3 sur sa doctr9e1 politique1 morale1 rligieuse1 sur plusieurs po9ts de la rligion *rti5ne consid]es politiquem5t4 7,j4 ,p4 ,brissot de ,w>ville47 ,translat$ f ! ,engli% by ! philosoph] de ,f]ney & f\nd 9 ! portfolio ( ,m4 ,v4 8 anci5t secret>y4 ,neu*atel en ,suisse #aghc4 ,note translat$ f ! edition ,en ,suisse1 de l'imprim]ie philosophique1 #agic4 ,9 a response to ,m4 de la ,monnoye1 :o labori\sly endeavor$ to refute ! exi/5ce ( ! treatise entitl$ ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors1 & :i* reply 9 addition to ,m4 de la ,monnoye's argum5ts appe> 9 connection ) "s ( ! translations ( ! treatise1 occurs ! foll[+ introduction to ! acc\nt ( ! discov]y ( ! orig9al manuscript3 ,i h by me a m c]ta9 means ( ov]turn+ ?is diss]tation ( ,m4 de la ,monnoye1 :5 ,i in=m him t ,i h read ?is celebrat$ little "w & t ,i h x 9 my libr>y4 ,i w give y & ! public an acc\nt ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,i discov]$ x1 & z x is 9 my possession ,i w subjo9 a %ort b fai?ful description ( x4 ,"h foll[s a summ>y ( ! cont5ts & ! ,diss]tation1 9 sub/ance ! same z our manuscript2 ! response conclud+ z foll[s3 ,su* is ! anatomy ( ?is celebrat$ "w4 ,i might h giv5 x 9 a mann] m ext5d$ & m m9ute2 b besides t ?is lett] is already too long1 ,i ?9k t en\gh has be5 said to give insight into ! nature ( its cont5ts4 ,a ?\s& o!r reasons :i* y w well en\gh und]/&1 h prev5t$ me f ent]+ ^u x to s great l5g? z ,i c\ld h done2 ,e/ modus 9 rebus4 #aa ,n[ al?\gh ?is book 7 ready to be pr9t$ #ab ) ! preface 9 :i* ,i h giv5 its hi/ory1 & its discov]y1 ) "s conjectures z to its orig91 & a few rem>ks :i* may be plac$ at its conclusion1 yet ,i d n believe t x w live to see ! day :5 m5 w be compell$ all at once to quit _! op9ions & _! imag9ations1 z !y h quitt$ _! syllogisms1 _! canons1 & _! o!r antiquat$ modes4 ,z = me ,i w n expose myself to ! ,!ological /ylus #ac--:i* ,i fe> z mu* z ,fra-,p\la fe>$ ! ,roman /ylus--to af=d to a few le>n$ m5 ! pleasure ( read+ ?is little treatise2 b nei!r w ,i be s sup]/iti\s1 on my dea? b$1 z to cause x to be ?r[n into ! flames1 :i* we are in=m$ 0 done by ,salvius1 ! ,sw$i% ambassador1 at ! peace ( ,mun/]4 ,^? :o come aft] me may d :at seems to !m good--!y c n di/urb me 9 ! tomb4 ,be=e ,i desc5d to t1 ,i rema9 ) mu* respect1 y\r mo/ ob$i5t s]vant1 ,j4 ,l4 ,r4 ,l4 ,leyd51 #a/ ,janu>y1 #agaf4 ,?is lett] 0 writt5 by ,mr4 ,pi]re ,fr$]ick ,arpe1 ( ,kiel1 9 ,hol/e92 ! au?or ( an apology = ,van9i1 pr9t$ 9 octavo at ,rott]dam1 #agab4 ,,diss]tation ,,on ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,impo/ors4 ,m ?an f\r hundr$ ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ?is little treatise 0 fir/ m5tion$1 ! title ( :i* has always caus$ x to be qualifi$ z impi\s1 pr(ane & wor?y ( ! fire4 ,i am conv9c$ t none ( ^? :o h m5tion$ x h read x1 & aft] hav+ exam9$ x c>efully1 x c only be said t x is writt5 ) z mu* discretion z ! matt] w\ld all[ to a man p]suad$ ( ! falsehood ( ! ?+s :i* he attack$1 & protect$ by a p[]ful pr9ce1 "u ^: direction he wrote4 ,!re h be5 b few s*ol>s ^: religi\s beliefs 7 dubi\s1 :o h n be5 cr$it$ ) ! au?or%ip ( ?is treatise4 ,av]roes1 a fam\s ,arabian comm5tator on ,ari/otle's works1 & celebrat$ = 8 le>n+1 0 ! fir/ to :om ?is production 0 attribut$4 ,he liv$ ab\t ! middle ( ! twelf? c5tury :5 ! ?ree impo/ors 7 fir/ spok5 (4 ,he 0 n a ,*ri/ian1 z he treat$ _! religion z ! ,impossible1 nor a ,jew1 ^: law he call$ a ,religion = ,*ildr51 nor a ,mahometan1 = he d5om9at$ _! belief a ,religion = ,hogs4 ,he f9ally di$ a ,philosoph]1 t is to say1 )\t hav+ subscrib$ to ! op9ions ( ! vulg>1 & t 0 suffici5t to publi% him z ! enemy ( ! law mak]s ( ! ?ree ,religions t he _h scorn$4 ,jean ,bocala1 an ,italian s*ol> ( a happy disposition1 & consequ5tly n mu* imbu$ ) bigotry1 fl\ri%$ 9 ! middle ( ! f\rte5? c5tury4 ,a fable t he v5tur$ 9 "o ( 8 works1 conc]n+ ,?ree ,r+s1 has be5 reg>d$ z evid5ce ( ?is execrable book ^: au?or 0 look$ =1 & ?is 0 consid]$ suffici5t to attribute ! au?or%ip to him long aft] 8 dea?4 ,mi*ael ,s]vetus1 burn$ at ,g5eva 7#aeec7 by ! pitiless p]secution ( ,mr4 ,john ,calv91 he n hav+ subscrib$ to ei!r ! ,tr9ity or ! ,r$eem]1 x became prop] to attribute to him ! production ( ?is impi\s volume4 ,eti5ne ,dolit1 a pr9t] at ,p>is1 & :o rank$ among ! le>n$1 0 l$ to ! /ake--to :i* he _h be5 condemn$ z a ,calv9i/ 9 #aedc--) a c\rage comp>able to t ( ! fir/ m>tyrs4 ,he !re=e m]it$ to be treat$ z an a!i/1 & 0 honor$ z ! au?or ( ! pamphlet aga9/ ! ,?ree ,impo/ors4 ,lucilio ,van9i1 a ,neapolitan1 & ! mo/ not$ a!i/ ( 8 "t1 if 8 enemies may be believ$1 fairly prov$ be=e 8 judges--h[ev] he may h be5 conv9c$--! tru? ( a ,provid5ce1 & consequ5tly a ,god4 ,x suffic$ h[ev] = ! p]secution ( 8 enemies1 ! ,p>liam5t ( ,t\l\se1 :o condemn$ him to be burn$ z an a!i/1 & also to m]it ! di/9ction ( hav+ compos$1 or at lea/ hav+ reviv$1 ! book 9 "q4 ,i am n sure b :at ,o*9i & ,po/el1 ,pomponiac & ,poggio ! ,flor5t9e1 & ,campanella1 all celebrat$ = "s p>ticul> op9ion condemn$ by ! ,*ur* ( _! "t1 7 = t reason accus$ z a!i/s1 & also adjudg$ )\t tr\ble1 ! au?ors ( ! little tru? = :om a p>5t 0 s\ght4 ,all t fam\s critics h publi%$ f "t to "t ( ?is book has excit$ ! curiosity ( ! great & wise to det]m9e ! au?or1 b )\t avail4 ,i believe t sev]al treatises pr9t$ ) ! title de ,tribus ,impo/oribus1 su* z t ( ,kor?olt aga9/ ,sp9osa1 ,hobbes & ! ,b>on ,*]b\rg2 t ( ! false ,panurge aga9/ ,messieurs ,ga/>di1 de ,neure & ,b]ni] h furni%$ _m opportunities = an inf9ity ( half-s*ol>s :o only speak f he>say1 & :o (t5 judge a book by ! fir/ l9e ( ! title4 ,i h1 l _m o!rs :o h exam9$ ?is "w1 done s 9 a sup]ficial mann]4 ,?\gh ,i am a delv] 9 antiquities1 & a deciph]] ( manuscript1 *ance hav+ caus$ ! pamphlet to fall into my h&s at "o "t1 ,i av[ t ,i gave nei!r ?\ght to ! production nor to its au?or4 ,"s bus9ess affairs hav+ tak5 me to ,frank=t-on-!-,ma9 ab\t ! mon? ( ,april1 7#agjf71 t is ab\t fifte5 days aft] ! ,fair1 ,i call$ on a fri5d nam$ ,fre*t1 a ,lu!ran !ological /ud5t1 :om ,i _h kn[n 9 ,p>is4 ,"o day ,i w5t to 8 h\se to ask him to take me to a booksell] :]e he c\ld s]ve me z int]pret]4 ,we call$ on ! way on a ,jew :o furni%$ me ) money & :o accompani$ u4 ,be+ engag$ 9 look+ ov] a catalog at ! book /ore1 a ,g]man (fic] ent]$ ! %op1 & said to ! booksell] )\t any =m ( complim5t1 ,if among all ! devils ,i c\ld f9d "o to agree ) y1 ,i w\ld /ill g & look = ano!r deal]4 ,! booksell] repli$ t #ejj ,rix doll>s 0 an excessive price1 & t he ought to be satisfi$ ) ! #dej t he (f]$4 ,! (fic] told him to g to ! ,devil1 z he w\ld d no?+ ( ! sort1 & 0 ab\t to leave4 ,fre*t1 :o recogniz$ him z a fri5d1 /opp$ him & hav+ r5ew$ 8 acqua9tance1 0 curi\s to "k :at b>ga9 he _h conclud$ ) ! booksell]4 ,! (fic] c>elessly drew f 8 pocket a packet ( p>*m5t ti$ by a cord ( yell[ silk4 ,i want$1 said he1 #ejj ,rix doll>s to satisfy me = ?ree manuscripts :i* are 9 ?is package1 b ,mr4 ,booksell] does n wi% to give b #dej4 ,fre*t ask$ if he might see ! curiosities4 ,! (fic] took !m f 8 pocket1 & ! ,jew & myself :o _h be5 m]ely spectators n[ became int]e/$1 & approa*$ ,fre*t1 :o held ! ?ree books4 ,! fir/ :i* ,fre*t op5$ 0 an ,italian impr9t ( :i* ! title 0 miss+1 & 0 suppli$ by ano!r writt5 by h& :i* read ,spec*ia della ,be/ia ,triomphante4 ,! book did n appe> ( anci5t date1 & _h on ! title nei!r ye> nor "n ( pr9t]4 ,we pass$ to ! second1 :i* 0 a manuscript )\t title1 ! fir/ page ( :i* comm5c$ ,,o?oni illu/rissimo amico meo *>issimo4 ,f4 ,i4 s4 d4 ,?is embrac$ b two l9es1 aft] :i* foll[$ a lett] ( :i* ! comm5cem5t 0 ,quod de tribus famosissimis ,nationum ,deceptoribus 9 ord9em4 ,ju/u4 meo dige/i ,doctissimus ille vir1 que cum ,s]monem de illa re 9 ,museo meo habui/i exscribi curavi atque codicem illum /ilo aeque1 v]o ac puro scriptum ad te ut primum mitto1 et5im ipsius p] leg5di te accipio cupidissimum4 ,! o!r manuscript 0 also ,lat91 & )\t title l ! o!r4 ,x comm5c$ ) ^! words--f ,cic]o if ,i am n mi/ak53 ,an4 ,i4 lib] de ,nat4 ,deor4 ,qui ,deos esse dix]unt tantu sunt 9 ,v>ietate et diss5tione con/ituti ut eorum mole/um sit d9um]>e s5t5tias4 ,altidum fr]i pr(ecto pote/ ut eorum nulla1 alt]um c]ti non pote/ ut plus unum v]a fit4 ,summi quos 9 ,republica obt9n]at honores orator ille ,romanus1 ea que quam s]v>e famam ,/udiote curabat1 9 causa fu]e quod 9 ,concione ,deos non ansus sit neg>e quamquam 9 conte/a ,philosophorum1 etc4 ,we paid b little att5tion to ! ,italian production1 :i* only int]e/$ our ,jew1 :o assur$ u t x 0 an invective aga9/ ,religion4 ,we exam9$ sev]al phrases ( ! latt] by :i* we mutually agre$ t x 0 a sy/em ( ,demon/rat$ ,a!ism4 ,! second1 :i* we h m5tion$1 attract$ our entire att5tion1 & ,fre*t hav+ p]suad$ 8 fri5d1 ^: "n 0 ,taus5dorff1 n to take less ?an #ejj ,rix doll>s1 we left ! booksell]'s %op1 & ,fre*t1 :o _h 8 own ideas1 took u to 8 inn1 :]e he propos$ to 8 fri5d to empty a bottle ( good w9e toge!r4 ,nev] did a ,g]man decl9e a l proposition1 s ,fre*t imm$iately ord]$ ! w9e1 & ask$ ,taus5dorff to tell u h[ ^! manuscripts fell into 8 possession4 ,aft] enjoy+ 8 portion ( six bottles ( old ,moselle1 he told u t aft] ! victory at ,ho*/adt #ad & ! flight ( ! ,elector ( ,bav>ia1 he 0 "o ( ^? :o ent]$ ,muni*1 & 9 ! palace ( ,8 ,highness1 he w5t f room to room until he rea*$ ! libr>y4 ,"h 8 eyes fell by *ance on ! package ( p>*m5ts ) ! silk cord1 & believ+ !m to be important pap]s or curiosities1 he c\ld n resi/ ! temptation ( putt+ !m 9 8 pocket4 ,he 0 n deceiv$ :5 he op5$ ! package & conv9c$ himself4 ,?is recital 0 accompani$ by _m soldi]-l digressions1 z ! w9e _h a little dis>rang$ ! judgm5t ( ,taus5dorff4 ,fre*t1 :o1 dur+ ! /ory1 p]us$ ! manuscript1 took ! *ance ( a refusal by ask+ 8 fri5d to all[ him to take ! book until ! next day4 ,taus5dorff1 :om ! w9e _h made g5]\s1 cons5t$ to ! reque/ ( ,fre*t1 b he exact$ a t]rible oa? t he w\ld nei!r copy x or cause x to be done1 promis+ to come = x on ,sunday & empty "s m bottles ( w9e1 :i* he f\nd to 8 ta/e4 ,?is oblig+ (fic] _h no soon] left ?an we comm5c$ to deciph] x4 ,! writ+ 0 s small1 full ( abbreviations1 & )\t punctuation1 t we 7 ne>ly two h\rs 9 read+ ! fir/ page1 b z soon z we 7 accu/om$ to ! me?od we comm5c$ to read x m easily4 ,i f\nd x s accurate & writt5 ) s mu* c>e1 t ,i propos$ to ,fre*t an equivocal me?od ( mak+ a copy )\t violat+ ! oa? :i* he _h tak53 :i* me?od 0 to make a translation4 ,! consci5ce ( a !ologian did n b f9d difficulties 9 su* proposal1 b ,i remov$ !m z ,i c\ld1 assum+ ! s9 myself1 & 9 ! end he cons5t$ to "w on ! translation :i* 0 f9i%$ be=e ! "t fix$ by ,taus5dorff4 ,?is is ! way 9 :i* ?is book came into our h&s4 ,_m w\ld h desir$ to possess ! orig9al b we 7 n ri* en\gh to buy x4 ,! booksell] _h a commission f a ,pr9ce ( ! ,h\se ( ,saxony1 :o knew t x _h be5 tak5 f ! libr>y at ,muni*1 & he 0 to sp>e no ef=t to secure x1 if he f\nd x1 by pay+ ! #ejj ,rix doll>s to ,taus5dorff :o w5t away sev]al days aft]1 hav+ regal$ u 9 8 turn4 ,pass+ to ! orig9 ( ! book1 & its au?or1 "o c h>dly give an acc\nt ( ei!r only by consult+ ! book itself 9 :i* b little is f\nd except = ! base ( conjecture4 ,!re is only a lett] at ! beg9n+1 & :i* is writt5 9 ano!r "* f ! re/ ( ! book1 :i* gives any light4 ,we f9d x address$ ,,o?oni1 ,illu/rissimo4 ,! place :]e ! manuscript 0 f\nd1 & ! "n ,,o?o put toge!r w>rants ! belief t x 0 address$ to ! ,illu/ri\s ,o?o1 "l ( ,bav>ia4 ,?is pr9ce 0 gr&son ( ,o?o1 ! ,great2 ,c\nt ( ,s*ir5 & ,witelspa* f :om ! ,h\se ( ,bav>ia & ! ,palat9e _h _! orig94 ,! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa #ae _h giv5 him ,bav>ia = 8 fidelity1 aft] hav+ tak5 x f ,h5ry ! ,lion to puni% him = 8 inconsi/5cy 9 tak+ ! "p ( 8 enemies4 ,l\is ,i4 succe$$ 8 fa!r1 ,o?o ! ,great1 & left ,bav>ia--9 ! possession ( :i* he _h be5 di/urb$ by ,h5ry ! ,lion--to 8 son ,o?o1 surnam$ ! ,illu/ri\s1 :o assur$ 8 possession by w$d+ ! daught] ( ,h5ry4 ,?is happ5$ ab\t ! ye> #abcj1 :5 ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 return$ f ,j]usalem1 :]e1 at ! solicitation ( ,pope ,gregory ,,ix41 he _h pursu$ ! w> aga9/ ! ,s>ac5s1 & f :5ce he return$ irritat$ to excess aga9/ ! ,holy ,fa!r :o _h inc5s$ 8 army aga9/ him1 z well z ! ,templ>s & ! ,patri>* ( ,j]usalem1 until ! ,emp]or refus$ to obey ! ,pope4 ,o?o ! ,illu/ri\s recogniz+ ! obligations t 8 family 7 "u to ! family ( ! ,emp]or1 took 8 "p & rema9$ firmly atta*$ to him1 not)/&+ all ! vicissitudes ( =tune ( ,fr$]ick4 ,:y ^! hi/orical rem9isc5ces8 ,to su/a9 ! conjecture t x 0 to ?is ,o?o ! ,illu/ri\s t ?is copy ( ! pamphlet ( ! ,?ree ,impo/ors 0 address$4 ,by :om8 ,?is is :y we are l$ to believe t ! ,f4 ,i4 s4 d4 :i* foll[s ,l'amico meo c>issimo1 & :i* we int]pret ,,fr$]icus4 ,imp]ator salutem ,dom9o4 ,?us ?is w\ld be by ,! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 son ( ,h5ry ,,iv4 & gr&son ( ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa1 :o1 succe$+ to _! ,empire1 _h at ! same "t inh]it$ ! hatr$ ( ! ,roman ,pontiffs4 #af ,^? :o h read ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur* & t ( ! ,empire1 w recall ) :at pride & arrogance ! indol5t ,alex&] ,,iii4 plac$ 8 foot on ! neck ( ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa1 :o came to him to sue = peace4 ,:o does n "k ! evil t ! ,holy ,see did to 8 son ,h5ry ,,vi41 aga9/ :om 8 own wife took up arms at ! p]suasion ( ! ,pope8 ,at la/ ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 unit+ 9 himself all ! resolution :i* 0 want+ 9 8 fa!r & gr&fa!r1 saw ! purpose ( ,gregory ,,ix41 :o seem$ to h m>%all$ on 8 side all ! hatr$ ( ,alex&]1 ,innoc5t & ,honorius aga9/ 8 ,imp]ial ,maje/y4 ,"o br\ght ! /eel ( p]secution1 & ! o!r ! lightn+ ( excommunication1 & furi\sly !y vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 circulat+ infam\s libels4 ,?is1 x seems to me1 is w>rant suffici5t to apply ^! happ5+s to ! belief t ?is book 0 by ord] ( ! ,emp]or1 :o 0 inc5s$ aga9/ religion by ! vices ( its ,*ief1 & writt5 by ! ,doctissimus vir1 :o is m5tion$ 9 ! lett] z hav+ compos$ ?is treatise1 & :i* consequ5tly owes its exi/5ce n s mu* to a se>* = tru?1 z to a _s ( hatr$ & implacable animosity4 ,?is conjecture may be fur!r confirm$ by rem>k+ t ?is book 0 nev] m5tion$ only s9ce ! rgime ( t ,emp]or1 & ev5 dur+ 8 reign x 0 attribut$ him1 s9ce ,pi]re des ,vignes1 8 secret>y1 endeavor$ to ca/ ?is false impression on ! enemies ( 8 ma/]1 say+ t !y circulat$ x to r5d] him odi\s4 ,n[ to det]m9e ! ,doctissimus vir :o is ! au?or ( ! book 9 "q4 ,fir/1 x is c]ta9 t ! epo* ( ! book 0 t :i* we h endeavor$ to prove4 ,second1 t x 0 enc\rag$ by ^? accus$ ( its au?or%ip1 possibly except+ ,av]roes1 :o di$ be=e ! bir? ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ,all ! o!rs liv$ a long "t1 ev5 entire c5turies aft] ! composition ( ?is "w4 ,i admit t x is difficult to det]m9e ! au?or only by m>k+ ! p]iod :5 ! book fir/ made its appe>ance1 & 9 :atev] direction ,i turn1 ,i f9d no "o to :om x c\ld m probably be attribut$ ?an ,pi]re des ,vignes :om ,i h m5tion$4 ,if we _h n 8 tract ,de pote/e ,imp]iali1 8 o!r epi/les suffice to %[ ) :at zeal he ent]$ into ! res5tm5t ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 7^: ,secret>y he 07 aga9/ ! ,holy ,see4 ,^? :o h spok5 ( him1 ,ligonius1 ,tri!mus & ,ra9aldi1 furni% su* an accurate description ( him1 8 condition & 8 _s1 t aft] consid]+ ?is ,i _c rem>k b t ?is evid5ce favors my conjecture4 ,aga91 z ,i h rem>k$1 he himself spoke ( ?is book 9 8 epi/les1 & he endeavor$ to accuse ! enemies ( 8 ma/] to less5 ! clamor made to enc\rage ! belief t ?is ,pr9ce 0 ! au?or4 ,z he _h tak5 ! great] "p1 he did n greatly ex]t himself to less5 ! injuri\s noise1 s t if ! accusation 0 /r5g!n$ by pass+ = a long "t f m\? to m\? x w\ld n fall f ! ,ma/] on 8 ,secret>y1 :o 0 probably m capable ( ! production ?an a great ,emp]or1 always occupi$ ) ! clamors ( w> & always 9 fe> ( ! ?und]s ( ! ,vatican4 ,9 "o ^w1 ! ,emp]or1 h[ev] valiant & resolute1 _h no "t to become a s*ol> l ,pi]re des ,vignes1 :o _h giv5 all ! necess>y att5tion to 8 /udies1 & :o ow$ 8 position & ! affection ( 8 ,ma/] entirely to 8 le>n+4 ,i believe t we c conclude f all ?is1 t ?is little book ,tribus famosissimus ,nationum ,deceptoribus1 = t is its true title1 0 compos$ aft] ! ye> #abcj by comm& ( ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 9 hatr$ ( ! ,c\rt ( ,rome3 & x is q app>5t t ,pi]re des ,vignes1 ,secret>y to ! ,emp]or1 0 ! au?or4 #ag ,?is is all t ,i deem prop] = a preface to ?is little treatise1 & z x conta9s _m naughty allusions1 to prev5t t 9 ! future1 x may n be aga9 attribut$ to ^? :o p]haps nev] ent]ta9$ su* ideas4 ,fr$]ick ,emp]or to ! v ,illu/ri\s ,o?o my v fai?ful ,fri5d1 ,greet+3 ,i h tak5 ! tr\ble to h copi$ ! ,treatise :i* 0 made conc]n+ ! ,?ree ,fam\s ,impo/ors1 by ! le>n$ man by :om y 7 ent]ta9$ on ?is subject1 9 my /udy1 & ?\gh y h n reque/$ x1 ,i s5d y ! manuscript entire1 9 :i* ! purity ( /yle equals ! tru? ( ! matt]1 = ,i "k ) :at int]e/ y desir$ to read x1 & also ,i am p]suad$ t no?+ c\ld please y m4 ,x is n ! fir/ "t t ,i h ov]come my cruel enemies1 & plac$ my foot on ! neck ( ! ,roman ,hydra ^: sk9 is n m r$ ?an ! blood ( ! millions ( m5 t its fury has sacrific$ to its abom9able arrogance4 ,be assur$ t ,i w neglect no?+ to h y und]/& t ,i w ei!r triumph or p]i% 9 ! attempt2 = :atev] rev]ses may happ5 to me1 ,i w n1 l my pr$ecessors1 b5d my knee be=e !m4 ,i hope t my sword1 & ! fidelity ( ! memb]s ( ! ,empire2 y\r advice & y\r assi/ance w contribute n a little4 ,b no?+ w\ld add m if all ,g]many c\ld be inspir$ ) ! s5tim5ts ( ! ,doctor--! au?or ( ?is book4 ,?is is mu* to be desir$1 b :]e are ^? capable ( accompli%+ su* a project8 ,i recomm5d to y our common int]e/s1 live happy4 ,i %all always be y\r fri5d4 ,f4 ,i4 ,,treatise ,,( ,,! ,,?ree ,,impo/ors4 #ah ,,*apt] ,i4 ,( ,god4 ,i4 ,h[ev] important x may be = all m5 to "k ! ,tru?1 v few1 nev]!less1 are acqua9t$ ) x1 because ! majority are incapable ( se>*+ x !mselves1 or p]haps1 d n wi% ! tr\ble4 ,?us we mu/ n be a/oni%$ if ! _w is fill$ ) va9 & ridicul\s op9ions1 & no?+ is m capable ( mak+ !m curr5t ?an ignorance1 :i* is ! sole s\rce ( ! false ideas t exi/ reg>d+ ! ,div9ity1 ! s\l1 & ! _s1 & all ! errors dep5d+ !reon4 ,! cu/om ( be+ satisfi$ ) born prejudice has prevail$1 & by foll[+ ?is cu/om1 mank9d agrees 9 all ?+s ) p]sons int]e/$ 9 support+ /ubbornly ! op9ions ?us receiv$1 & :o w\ld speak o!rwise did !y n fe> to de/roy !mselves4 ,,ii4 ,:at r5d]s ! evil )\t rem$y1 is1 t aft] hav+ e/abli%$ ^! silly ideas ( ,god1 !y tea* ! p to receive !m )\t exam9ation4 ,!y take great c>e to impress !m ) av]sion = philosoph]s1 fe>+ t ! ,tru? :i* !y tea* w ali5ate !m4 ,! errors 9 :i* ! p>tisans ( ^! absurdities h be5 plung$1 h ?riv$ s well t x is dang]\s to combat !m4 ,x is too important = ^! impo/ors t ! p rema9 9 ?is gross & culpable ignorance ?an to all[ !m to be disabus$4 ,?us !y are con/ra9$ to disguise ! tru?1 or to be sacrific$ to ! rage ( false prophets & selfi% s\ls4 ,,iii4 ,if ! p c\ld compreh5d ! abyss 9 :i* ?is ignorance ca/s !m1 !y w\ld d\btless ?r[ (f ! yoke ( ^! v5al m9ds1 s9ce x is impossible = ,reason to act )\t imm$iately discov]+ ! ,tru?4 ,x is to prev5t ! good effects t w\ld c]ta9ly foll[1 t !y depict x z a mon/] incapable ( inspir+ any good s5tim5t1 & h[ev] we may c5sure 9 g5]al ^? :o are n reasonable1 we mu/ nev]!less be p]suad$ t ,tru? is q p]v]t$4 ,^! enemies ( ,tru? fall also into su* p]petual contradictions t x is difficult to p]ceive :at _! real pret5sions are4 ,9 ! mean:ile x is true t ,common ,s5se is ! only rule t m5 %\ld foll[1 & ! _w %\ld n be prev5t$ f mak+ use ( x4 ,we may try to p]suade1 b ^? :o are appo9t$ to in/ruct1 %\ld endeavor to rectify false reason+ & efface prejudices1 !n w ! p op5 _! eyes gradually until !y become susceptible ( ,tru?1 & le>n t ,god is n all t !y imag9e4 ,,iv4 ,to accompli% ?is1 wild speculation is n necess>y1 nei!r is x requir$ to deeply p5etrate ! secrets ( ,nature4 ,only a little good s5se is ne$$ to see t ,god is nei!r passionate nor jeal\s1 t ju/ice & m]cy are false titles attribut$ to him1 & t no?+ ( :at ! ,prophets & ,apo/les h said con/itutes 8 nature nor 8 ess5ce4 ,9 effect1 to speak )\t disguise & to /ate ! case prop]ly1 x is c]ta9 t ^! doctors 7 nei!r m clev] or bett] in=m$ ?an ! re/ ( mank9d1 b f> f t1 :at !y say is s gross t x mu/ be ! p only :o w\ld believe !m4 ,! matt] is self-evid5t1 b to make x m cle>1 let u see if !y are diff]5tly con/itut$ ?an o!r m54 ,v4 ,z to _! bir? & ! ord9>y functions ( life1 x is agre$ t !y possess$ no?+ above ! human2 t !y 7 born ( man & woman & liv$ ! same z ourselves4 ,b = m9d1 x mu/ be t ,god favor$ !m m ?an o!r m51 = !y claim$ an und]/&+ m brilliant ?an o!rs4 ,we mu/ admit t mank9d has a lean+ t[>d bl9dness1 because x is said t ,god lov$ ! prophets m ?an ! re/ ( mank9d1 t he frequ5tly communicat$ ) !m1 & he believ$ !m also ( good fai?4 ,n[ if ?is condition 0 s5sible1 & )\t consid]+ t all m5 resembl$ ea* o!r1 & t !y ea* _h a pr9ciple equal 9 all1 x 0 pret5d$ t ^! prophets 7 ( extraord9>y atta9m5ts & 7 creat$ expressly to utt] ! oracles ( ,god4 ,b fur!r1 if !y _h m wit ?an common1 & m p]fect und]/&+1 :at d we f9d 9 _! writ+s to oblige u to h ?is op9ion ( !m8 ,! great] "p ( _! writ+s is s obscure t x is n und]/ood1 & put toge!r 9 su* a poor mann] t we c h>dly believe t !y compreh5d$ x !mselves1 & t !y mu/ h be5 v ignorant impo/ors4 ,t :i* causes ?is belief ( !m is t !y boa/$ ( receiv+ directly f ,god all t !y ann\nc$ to ! p--an absurd & ridicul\s belief--& av[+ t ,god only spoke to !m 9 dreams4 ,dreams are q natural1 & a p]son mu/ be q va9 or s5seless to boa/ t ,god speaks to him at su* a "t1 & :5 fai? is add$1 he mu/ be q cr$ul\s s9ce !re is no evid5ce t dreams are oracles4 ,suppose ev5 t ,god manife/$ himself by dreams1 by visions1 or 9 any o!r way1 are we oblig$ to believe a man :o may deceive himself1 & :i* is worse1 :o is incl9$ to lie8 ,n[ we see t "u ! anci5t law !y _h = prophets none m e/eem$ ?an at ! pres5t day4 ,!n :5 ! p 7 tir$ ( _! sophi/ry1 :i* (t5 t5d$ to turn !m f ob$i5ce to _! legitimate ,rul]1 !y re/ra9$ !m by v>i\s puni%m5ts1 j z ,jesus 0 ov]:elm$ because he _h n1 l ,moses1 #ai an army at 8 back to su/a9 8 op9ions4 ,add$ to t1 ! ,prophets 7 s 9 ! habit ( contradict+ ea* o!r t among f\r hundr$ n "o reliable "o 0 to be f\nd4 #bj ,x is ev5 c]ta9 t ! aim ( _! prophecies1 z well z ! laws ( ! celebrat$ legislators 7 to p]petuate _! memories by caus+ mank9d to believe t !y _h private conf]5ce ) ,god4 ,mo/ political objects h be5 project$ 9 su* mann]4 ,h[ev]1 su* tricks h n always be5 successful = ^?1 :o--) ! exception ( ,moses--_h n ! means ( provid+ = _! safety4 ,,vi4 ,?is be+ det]m9$1 let u exam9e ! ideas :i* ! ,prophets _h ( ,god1 & we w smile at _! grossness & contradictions4 ,to believe !m1 ,god is a purely corporeal be+4 ,micah sees him seat$4 ,daniel clo!d 9 :ite & 9 ! =m ( an old man1 & ,ezekiel l a fire4 ,s mu* = ! ,old ,te/am5t1 n[ = ! ,new4 ,! disciples ( ,j4 ,c4 imag9$ ! ,holy ,_s 9 ! figure ( a dove2 ! apo/les1 9 ! =m ( tongues ( fire1 & ,/4 ,paul1 z a light :i* dazzl$ ! sight unto bl9dness4 ,to %[ _! contradictory op9ions1 ,samuel1 7,i4 *4 #ae1 v4 #bi71 believ$ t ,god nev] rep5t$ ( 8 own resolution4 ,aga91 ,j]emiah1 7*4 #ah1 v4 #aj71 says t ,god rep5t$ ( a resolve he _h tak54 ,joel1 7*4 #b1 v4 #ac71 says t he only rep5ts ( ! evil he has done to mank9d4 ,g5esis1 7*4 #d1 v4 #g71 in=ms u t man is prone to evil1 b t ,he has no?+ = him b bless+s4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,/4 ,paul1 7,romans1 *4 #i1 v4 #aj71 says t m5 h no comm& ( concupisc5ce except by ! grace & p>ticul> call+ ( ,god4 ,^! are ! noble s5tim5ts t ^! good p h ( ,god1 & :at !y w\ld h u believe4 ,s5tim5ts1 h[ev]1 entirely s5sible1 & q mat]ial z we see1 & yet !y say t ,god has no?+ 9 common ) matt]1 is a s5sible & mat]ial be+1 & t he is some?+ incompreh5sible to our und]/&+4 ,i %\ld l to be in=m$ h[ ^! contradictions may be h>moniz$1 & h[1 "u su* visible & palpable conditions x is prop] to believe !m4 ,aga91 h[ c we accept ! te/imony ( a p s cl[ni% t !y1 not)/&+ all ! artifices ( ,moses1 %\ld imag9e a calf to be _! ,god6 ,b n consid]+ ! dreams ( a race rais$ 9 s]vitude1 & among ! sup]/iti\s1 we c agree t ignorance has produc$ cr$ulity1 & cr$ulity falsehood1 f :5ce arises all ! errors :i* exi/ today4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,reasons :i* h caus$ mank9d to ,create = !mselves an ,invisible ,be+ :i* has be5 commonly ,call$ ,god4 ,i4 ,^? :o ignore physical causes h a natural fe> born ( d\bt4 ,:]e !re exi/s a p[] :i* to !m is d>k or unse51 f !nce comes a desire to pret5d ! exi/5ce ( invisible ,be+s1 t is to say _! own phantoms :i* !y invoke 9 adv]sity1 :om !y praise 9 prosp]ity1 & ( :om 9 ! end !y make ,gods4 ,& z ! visions ( m5 g to extremes1 mu/ we be a/oni%$ if !re are creat$ an innum]able quantity ( ,div9ities8 ,x is ! same p]ceptible fe> ( invisible p[]s :i* has be5 ! orig9 ( ,religions1 t ea* =ms to 8 fa%ion4 ,_m individuals to :om x 0 important t mank9d %\ld possess su* fancies1 h n scrupl$ to enc\rage mank9d 9 su* beliefs1 & !y h made x _! law until !y h prevail$ ^u ! p to bl9dly obey !m by ! fe> ( ! future4 ,,ii4 ,! ,gods hav+ ?us be5 inv5t$1 x is easy to imag9e t !y resembl$ man1 & :o1 l !m1 creat$ ev]y?+ = "s purpose1 = !y unanim\sly agree t ,god has made no?+ except = man1 & reciprocally t man is made only = ,god4 #ba ,?is conclusion be+ g5]al1 we c see :y man has s ?or\ghly accept$ x1 & "k = t reason t !y h tak5 occasion to create false ideas ( good & evil1 m]it & s91 praise & blame1 ord] & confusion1 beauty & de=mity--& simil> qualities4 ,,iii4 ,x %\ld be agre$ t all m5 are born 9 pr(\nd ignorance1 & t ! only ?+ natural to !m is a desire to discov] :at may be useful & prop]1 & evade :at may be inexp$i5t to !m4 ,!nce x foll[s fir/1 t we believe t to be free x suffices to feel p]sonally t "o c wi% & desire )\t be+ annoy$ by ! causes :i* dispose u to wi% & desire1 because we d n "k !m4 ,second1 x consequ5tly occurs t m5 are cont5t$ to d no?+ b = "o object1 t is to say1 = t object :i* is pref]able above all1 & t is :y !y h a desire only to "k ! f9al result ( _! action1 imag9+ t aft] discov]+ ?is !y h no reason to d\bt any?+4 ,n[ z !y f9d 9 & ab\t !mselves _m means ( procur+ :at !y desire3 hav+1 = example1 e>s to he>1 eyes to see1 animals to n\ri%1 a sun to give light1 !y h =m$ ?is reason+1 t !re is no?+ 9 nature :i* 0 n made = !m1 & ( :i* !y may dispose & enjoy4 ,!n reflect+ t !y did n make ?is _w1 !y believe x to be a well-f\nd$ proposition to imag9e a ,supreme ,be+ :o has made x = !m su* z x is1 = aft] satisfy+ !mselves t !y c\ld n h made x1 !y conclude t x 0 ! "w ( "o or sev]al ,gods :o int5d$ x = ! use & pleasure ( man alone4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! nature ( ! ,gods :om man has admitt$1 be+ unkn[n1 !y h conclud$ 9 _! own m9ds t ^! ,gods susceptible ( ! same passions z m51 h made ! e>? only = !m1 & t man to !m 0 extremely preci\s4 ,b z ea* "o has diff]5t incl9ations x became prop] to adore ,god accord+ to ! humor ( ea*1 to attract 8 bless+s & to cause ,him to make all ,nature subject to 8 desires4 ,,iv4 ,by ?is me?od ?is prec$5t becomes ,sup]/ition1 & x is implant$ s t ! grosse/ natures are believ$ capable ( p5etrat+ ! doctr9e ( f9al causes z if !y _h p]fect k4 ,?us 9 place ( %[+ t nature has made no?+ 9 va91 !y %[ t ,god & ,nature dream z well z m51 & t !y may n be accus$ ( d\bt+ ?+s1 let u see h[ !y h put =? _! false reason+ on ?is subject4 ,exp]i5ce caus+ !m to see a myriad ( inconv5i5ces m>r+ ! pleasure ( life1 su* z /orms1 e>?quakes1 sickness1 fam9e & ?ir/1 !y draw ! conclusion t nature has n be5 made = !m alone4 ,!y attribute all ^! evils to ! wra? ( ! ,gods1 :o are vex$ by ! (f5ces ( man1 & !y _c be disabus$ ( ^! ideas by ! daily in/ances :i* %\ld prove to !m t bless+s & evils h be5 always common to ! wick$ & ! good1 & !y w n agree to a proposition s pla9 & p]ceptible4 ,! reason = t is1 x is m easy to rema9 9 ignorance ?an to aboli% a belief e/abli%$ = _m c5turies & introduce some?+ m probable4 ,v4 ,?is prec$5t has caus$ ano!r1 :i* is ! belief t ! judgm5ts ( ,god 7 incompreh5sible1 & t = ?is reason1 ! k ( tru? is beyond ! human m9d2 & mank9d w\ld /ill dwell 9 error 7 x n t ma!matics & sev]al o!r sci5ces _h de/roy$ ^! prejudices4 ,,vi4 ,by ?is x may be se5 t ,nature or ,god does n propose any end1 & t all f9al causes are b human fictions4 ,a long lecture is n necess>y s9ce ?is doctr9e takes away f ,god ! p]fection ascrib$ to him1 & ?is is h[ x may be prov$4 ,if ,god act$ = a result1 ei!r = himself or ano!r1 he desires :at he has n1 & we mu/ all[ t !re are times :5 ,god has n ! :]e) to act2 he has m]ely desir$ x & t only creates an impot5t ,god4 ,to omit no?+ t may be appli$ to ?is reason+1 let u oppose x ) ^? ( a contr>y nature4 ,if1 = example1 a /one falls on a p]son & kills him1 x is well kn[n !y say1 t ! /one fell ) ! design ( kill+ ! man1 & t c\ld only happ5 by ! w ( ,god4 ,if y reply t ! w9d caus$ ! /one to drop at ! mom5t ! man pass$1 !y w ask :y ! man %\ld h pass$ precisely at ! "t :5 ! w9d mov$ ! /one4 ,if y say t ! w9d 0 s sev]e t ! sea 0 also tr\bl$ s9ce ! day be=e :ile !re appe>$ to be no agitation 9 ! air1 & ! man hav+ be5 invit$ to d9e ) a fri5d1 w5t to keep 8 appo9tm5t4 ,aga9 !y ask1 = ! man nev] got !re1 :y he %\ld be ! gue/ ( 8 fri5d at ?is "t m ?an ano!r1 add+ que/ions aft] que/ions1 f9ally av[+ t x 0 b ! w ( ,god1 7:i* is a true asses bridge7 & ! cause ( ?is mis=tune4 ,aga9 :5 !y note ! symmetry ( ! human body1 !y /& 9 admiration & conclude h[ ignorant !y are ( ! causes ( a ?+ :i* to !m appe>s s m>vel\s1 t x is a sup]natural "w1 9 :i* ! causes kn[n to u c\ld h no "p4 ,!nce x comes t ^? :o desire to "k ! real cause ( suppos$ miracles & p5etrate l true s*ol>s into _! natural causes )\t amus+ !mselves ) ! prejudice ( ! ignorant1 x happ5s t ! true s*ol> passes = impi\s & h]etical by ! malice ( ^? :om ! vulg> recognize z ! exp\nd]s ( ,nature & ( ,god4 ,^! m]c5>y individuals d n "q ! ignorance :i* holds ! p 9 a/oni%m5t1 ^u :om !y subsi/ & :o pres]ve _! cr$it4 ,,vii4 ,mank9d be+ ?us ( ! ridicul\s op9ion t all !y see is made = !mselves1 h made x a religi\s duty to apply x to _! int]e/1 & ( judg+ ! price ( ?+s by ! pr(it !y ga94 ,!nce proce$ ! ideas !y h =m$ ( good1 & evil1 ( ord] & confusion1 ( heat & cold1 ( beauty & ugl9ess1 :i* s]ve to expla9 to !m ! nature ( ?+s1 :i* 9 ! end are n :at !y imag9e4 ,because !y pride !mselves 9 hav+ free w !y judge !mselves capable ( decid+ betwe5 praise & blame1 s9 & m]it1 call+ ev]y?+ good :i* r$\nds to _! pr(it & :i* conc]ns div9e wor%ip1 & to ! contr>y d5om9ate z evil t :i* agrees ) nei!r4 ,because ! ignorant are n capable ( judg+ :at may be a little ab/ruse1 & hav+ no idea ( ?+s only by ! aid ( imag9ation :i* !y consid] und]/&+1 ^! folk :o "k n :at repres5ts ,ord] 9 ! _w believe all t !y imag9e4 ,man be+ incl9$ 9 su* a mann] t !y ?9k ?+s well or ill ord]$ z !y h ! facility or tr\ble to conclude :5 good s5se w\ld tea* diff]5tly4 ,"s are m pleas$ to be we>y ( ! means ( inve/igation1 be+ satisfi$ to rema9 z !y are1 pref]r+ ord] to confusion1 z if ord] 0 ano!r ?+ ?an a pure effect ( ! imag9ation ( man1 s t :5 x is said t ,god has made ev]y?+ 9 ord]1 x is recogniz+ t he has t faculty ( imag9ation z well z man4 ,if x 0 n s1 p]haps to favor human imag9ation !y pret5d t ,god creat$ ?is _w 9 ! easie/ mann] imag9able1 al?\gh !re are an hundr$ ?+s f> above ! =ce ( imag9ation1 & an inf9ity :i* may be ?r[n into disord] by reason ( weakness4 ,,viii4 ,= o!r ideas1 !y are purely ! effect ( ! same imag9ation1 :i* h no?+ real1 & :i* are b ! diff]5t modes ( :i* ?is p[] is capable4 ,= example1 if ! movem5t :i* objects impress ^u ! n]ves by ! means ( ! eyes is agreeable to ! s5ses1 we say t ^! objects are beautiful1 t odors are good or bad1 t ta/es are sweet or bitt]1 t :i* we t\* h>d or s(t1 s\nds1 h>% or agreeable4 ,accord+ z odors1 ta/es or s\nds /rike & p5etrate ! s5ses1 j s we f9d a belief t ,god is capable ( tak+ pleasure 9 melody1 t ! cele/ial movem5ts are a h>moni\s conc]t1 pro( evid5t t ea* "o believes t ?+s are su* z !y are imag9$1 or t ! _w is purely imag9>y4 ,t is :y we %\ld n be surpris$ if we r>ely f\nd two m5 ( ! same op9ion1 & "s :o glorify !mselves 9 d\bt+ ev]y?+4 ,= :ile m5 h bodies :i* resemble ea* o!r 9 _m p>ticul>s1 !y diff] 9 "s o!rs1 & x %\ld n a/oni% u t :at seems good to "o appe>s bad to ano!r3 :at pleases ?is "o displeases ! o!r1 f :i* we may inf] t op9ions only diff] by fancy1 t und]/&+ passes = little1 & to conclude1 ?+s :i* happ5 e day are purely ! effects ( imag9ation4 ,if "o %\ld consult ! lights ( und]/&+ ( philosoph]s he w\ld h fai? t ev]ybody w\ld agree to ! tru?1 & t judgm5ts w\ld be m uni=m & reasonable ?an !y are4 ,,ix4 ,x is !n evid5t t all ! reasons ( :i* m5 are accu/om$ to avail !mselves :5 !y endeavor to expla9 ,nature1 are only me?ods ( imag9ation :i* prove no?+ less ?an !y pret5d1 & because !y h giv5 to ^! reasons names s real t if !y exi/$ o!rwise ?an 9 imag9ation ,i w\ld n call !m reasonable be+s1 b purely *im]ical1 see+ no?+ m easy ?an to respond to argum5ts f\nd$ on ^! vulg> notions & :i* we oppose z foll[s4 ,if x 0 true t ! univ]se 0 a *ance happ5+1 & a necess>y sequel ( div9e nature1 :5ce come ! imp]fections & faults :i* we rem>k8 ,= example1 corruption :i* fills ! air ) bad odor1 _m disagreeable objects1 s _m disord]s1 s mu* evil1 s _m crimes & o!r l occurr5ces4 ,no?+ is m easy ?an to refute ^! objections1 = "o _c judge ( ! p]fection ( anci5t exi/5ce only by kn[+ its ess5ce & nature1 & we deceive ourselves 9 ?9k+ t a ?+ is m or less p]fect1 z x pleases or displeases1 is useful or useless to human nature2 & to close ! m\?s ( ^? :o ask :y ,god has n creat$ all m5 )\t exception t !y might be guid$ by ! light ( reason1 x is en\gh to say t x 0 because ! mat]ial 0 n suffici5t to give ea* be+ ! degree ( p]fection t 0 mo/ suitable = him1 or to speak m prop]1 because ! laws ( nature 7 s ample & ext5sive t !y c\ld suffice = ! production ( all ?+s ( :i* an inf9ite und]/&+ is capable4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,:at ,god ,is4 ,i4 ,until n[ we h f\ght ! popul> idea conc]n+ ! ,div9ity1 b we h n yet said :at ,god is1 & if we 7 ask$1 we %\ld say t ! ^w repres5ts to u an ,inf9ite ,be+1 ( :om "o ( 8 attributes is to be a sub/ance ( ext5t & consequ5tly et]nal & inf9ite4 ,! ext5t or ! quantity n be+ f9ite or divisible1 x may be imag9$ t ! matt] 0 ev]y:]e ! same1 our und]/&+ n di/+ui%+ p>ts4 ,= example1 wat]1 z mu* z wat] is imag9$1 is divisible1 & its p>ts sep>able f "o ano!r1 ?\gh z mu* z a corporeal sub/ance x is nei!r sep>able nor divisible4 #bb ,?us nei!r matt] or quantity h any?+ unwor?y ( ,god1 = if all is ,god1 & all comes surely f 8 ess5ce1 x foll[s q absolutely t ,he is all t he conta9s1 s9ce x is incompreh5sible t ,be+s q mat]ial %\ld be conta9$ 9 a ,be+ :o is n4 ,t we may n ?9k t ?is is a new op9ion1 ,t]tullian1 "o ( ! =emo/ m5 among ! ,*ri/ians1 has pron\nc$ aga9/ ,apelles1 t1 t :i* is n matt] is no?+1 & aga9/ ,praxias1 t all sub/ance is matt]1 )\t hav+ ?is doctr9e condemn$ 9 ! f\r fir/ ,c\ncils ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 oecum5ical & g5]al4 #bc ,,ii4 ,^! s5tim5ts are pla9 & ! only ones t good & s\nd judgm5t c =m ( ,god4 ,h[ev]1 !re are b few :o are satisfi$ ) su* simplicity4 ,boori% p1 :o are accu/om$ to adulation ( op9ion1 dem& a ,god :o resembles e>?ly k+s4 ,! pomp & circum/ance surr\nd+ !m s fasc9ates1 t to take away all hope ( go+ aft] dea? to increase ! numb] ( heav5ly c\rti]s enjoy+ ! same pleasure :i* atta*es to ! ,c\rt ( ,k+s1 is to take away ! consolation & ! only ?+s :i* prev5t !m f go+ to despair ov] ! mis]ies ( life4 ,!y want a j & av5g+ ,god1 :o rew>ds & puni%es aft] ! mann] ( k+s1 a ,god susceptible ( all human passions & weaknesses4 ,!y give him feet1 h&s1 & e>s1 & yet !y d n reg>d a ,god s con/itut$ z mat]ial4 ,!y say t man is 8 ma/]piece1 & ev5 8 own image1 b d n all[ t ! copy is l ! orig9al4 ,9 a ^w1 ! ,god ( ! p ( today is subject to z _m =ms z ,jupit] ( ! ,pagans1 & :at is /ill m /range1 ^! follies contradict ea* o!r & %ock good s5se4 ,! vulg> rev]5ce !m because !y firmly believe :at ! ,prophets h said1 al?\gh ^! vision>ies among ! ,hebrews1 7 ! same z ! augurs & ! div9]s among ! pagans4 #bd ,!y consult ! ,bible z if ,god or nature 0 !re9 exp\nd$ to !m 9 a special mann]1 h[ev] ?is book is only a rhapsody ( fragm5ts1 ga!r$ at v>i\s times1 select$ by sev]al p]sons1 & giv5 to ! p accord+ to ! fancy ( ! ,rabb9s1 :o did n publi% !m until aft] approv+ "s1 & reject+ o!rs1 & see+ if !y 7 con=mable or oppos$ to ! ,law ( ,moses4 #be ,yes1 su* is ! malice & /upidity ( m5 t !y pref] to pass _! lives disput+ ) "o ano!r1 & wor%ipp+ a book receiv$ f ignorant p2 a book ) little ord] or me?od1 :i* ev]yone admits z confus$ & badly conceiv$1 only s]v+ to fom5t divisions4 ,*ri/ians w\ld r adore ?is phantom ?an li/5 to ! law ( ,nature :i* ,god--t is to say1 ,nature1 :i* is ! active pr9ciple--has writt5 9 ! he>t ( man4 ,all o!r laws are b human fictions1 & pure illusions =g$1 n by ,demons or evil spirits1 :i* are fanciful ideas1 b by ! skill ( ,pr9ces & ,ecclesia/ics to give ! =m] m w>rant = _! au?ority1 & to enri* ! latt] by ! traffic 9 an inf9ity ( *im]as :i* sell to ! ignorant at a good price4 ,all o!r laws are n support$ save on ! au?ority ( ! ,bible1 9 ! orig9al ( :i* appe> a ?\s& in/ances ( extraord9>y & impossible ?+s1 #bf & :i* speaks only ( recomp5ses or puni%m5ts = good or bad actions1 b :i* are wisely def]r$ = a future life1 rely+ t ! trick w n be discov]$ 9 ?is1 no "o hav+ return$ f ! o!r to tell ! news4 ,?us1 m5 kept ev] wav]+ betwe5 hope & fe>1 are held to _! duty by ! belief !y av] t ,god has creat$ man only to r5d] him et]nally happy or unhappy1 & :i* has giv5 rise to ! inf9ity ( religions :i* we are ab\t to discuss4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,:at ! ^w ,religion signifies1 & h[ & :y su* a great numb] h be5 introduc$ 9 ! _w4 ,i4 ,be=e ! ^w ,religion 0 introduc$ 9 ! _w mank9d 0 only oblig$ to foll[ natural laws & to con=m to common s5se4 ,?is in/9ct alone 0 ! tie by :i* m5 7 unit$1 & s v simple 0 ?is bond ( unity1 t no?+ among !m 0 m r>e ?an diss5sions4 ,b :5 fe> creat$ a suspicion t !re 7 ,gods1 & invisible p[]s1 !y rais$ alt>s to ^! imag9>y be+s1 s t 9 putt+ (f ! yoke ( ,nature & ,reason1 :i* are ! s\rces ( true life1 !y subject$ !mselves by va9 c]emonies & sup]/iti\s wor%ip to frivol\s phantoms ( ! imag9ation1 & t is :5ce arose ?is ^w ,religion :i* makes s mu* noise 9 ! _w4 ,m5 hav+ admitt$ invisible =ces :i* 7 all-p[]ful ov] !m1 !y wor%ipp$ !m to appease !m1 & fur!r imag9$ t ,nature 0 a be+ subord9ate to ?is p[]1 !nce !y _h ! idea t x 0 a great mace t ?reat5$1 or a slave t act$ only by ! ord] t su* p[] gave him4 ,s9ce ?is false idea _h brok5 _! w !y _h only scorn = ,nature1 & respect only = ^? pret5d$ be+s t !y call$ _! ,gods4 ,!nce came ! ignorance 9 :i* mank9d 0 plung$1 & f :i* ! well-in=m$1 h[ev] deep ! abyss1 c\ld h rescu$ !m1 if _! zeal _h n be5 ext+ui%$ by ^? :o l$ !m bl9dly1 & :o liv$ by impo/ure4 ,b ?\gh !re 0 b little appe>ance ( success 9 ! ent]prise1 x 0 n necess>y to ab&on ! p>ty ( tru?1 & only 9 consid]ation ( ^? :o 7 afflict$ ) ! symptoms ( s great an evil1 7 g5]\s s\ls available to repres5t matt]s z !y 74 ,,ii4 ,fe> :i* creat$ ,gods1 made also ,religion1 & :5 m5 imbib$ ! notion t !re 7 invisible ag5cies :i* 7 ! cause ( _! good & bad =tune1 !y lo/ _! good s5se & reason sub/itut+ = _! *im]as s _m ,div9ities :o _h c>e ( _! conduct4 ,aft] hav+ =g$ ^! ,gods !y 7 curi\s to "k ( :at matt] !y consi/$1 & f9ally imag9$ t !y %\ld be ( ! same sub/ance z ! s\l4 ,!n be+ p]suad$ t ! latt] resembl$ ! %ad[s :i* appe> 9 a mirror1 or dur+ sleep1 !y believ$ t "s ,gods 7 real sub/ances b s ?9 & subtile t to di/+ui% !m f bodies !y call$ !m ,spirits4 ,s t bodies & spirits 7 9 effect ! same ?+1 & diff]$ nei!r m nor less1 & to be bo? corporeal & incorporeal is a mo/ incompreh5sible ?+4 ,! reason giv5 is t ea* _s has a prop] =m1 & is includ$ )9 "s limit1 t is to say t x has "s b\nd>ies1 & consequ5tly mu/ be a body h[ev] ?9 & subtile x might be4 #bg ,,iii4 ,! ignorant1 t is1 ! great] "p ( mank9d hav+ settl$ 9 ?is mann] ! sub/ance ( _! ,gods1 tri$ also to det]m9e by :at me?ods ^! invisible p[]s produc$ _! effects4 ,n be+ able to d ?is def9itely by reason ( _! ignorance1 !y put fai? 9 _! conjectures1 bl9dly judg+ ! future by ! pa/1 :ile see+ nei!r cohesion nor dep5d5ce4 ,9 all t !y und]took !y saw b ! pa/1 & =etold good or evil = ! future accord+ z ! same ent]prise _h at ano!r "t turn$ out ei!r good or bad4 ,phormion hav+ defeat$ ! ,lac$aemonians at ! battle ( ,naupacte1 ! ,a!nians1 aft] 8 dea?1 *ose ano!r g5]al ( ! same "n3 ,hannibal hav+ succumb$ to ! arms ( ,scipio ,africanus1 ! ,romans1 rememb]+ ?is great success1 s5t ano!r ,scipio to ! same c\ntry aga9/ ,ces>1 :i* acts ga9$ no?+ = ei!r ! ,a!nians or ! ,romans4 ,s aft] two or ?ree exp]i5ces1 good or bad =tune is made synonym\s ) c]ta9 names or places2 o!rs make use ( c]ta9 words call$ en*antm5ts1 :i* !y believe to be efficaci\s2 "s cause trees to speak1 create man f a morsel ( bread1 & trans=m any?+ t may appe> be=e !m4 7,hobbes' ,levia?an de hom9e4 ,cap4 #ab1 p4 #ef-eg47 ,,iv4 ,invisible p[]s be+ e/abli%$ 9 ?is way1 /raightway m5 rev]e !m only z !y d _! rul]s1 t is to say1 by tok5s ( submission & respect1 z witness (f]+s1 pray]s1 & simil> ?+s1 ,i say at fir/1 = nature has n yet le>n$ to use on su* occasions sacrifices ( blood1 :i* h only be5 in/itut$ = ! b5efit ( ! sacrific]s & ! m9i/]s call$ to ! s]vice ( ^! beautiful ,gods4 ,v4 ,^! causes ( ,religion1 t is1 ,hope & ,fe>1 leav+ out ! passions1 judgm5ts & v>i\s resolutions ( mank9d1 h produc$ ! great numb] ( extravagant beliefs :i* h caus$ s mu* evil1 & ! _m revolutions :i* h convuls$ ! nations4 ,! honor & rev5ue :i* atta*es to ! prie/hood1 & :i* has s9ce be5 accord$ to ! m9i/ry ( ! ,gods1 & ^? hav+ ecclesia/ical *>ges1 inflame ! ambition & ! av>ice ( cunn+ individuals :o pr(it by ! /upidity ( ! p1 :o readily submit 9 _! weakness1 & we "k h[ ins5sibly is caus$ ! easy habit ( enc\rag+ falsehood & hat+ tru?4 ,,vi4 ,! empire ( falsehood be+ e/abli%$1 & ! ambiti\s ones enc\rag$ by ! advantage ( be+ above _! fell[s1 ! latt] endeavor to ga9 repute by a pret5se ( be+ fri5dly ) ! invisible ,gods :om ! vulg> fe>4 ,= bett] success1 ea* s*emes 9 8 own way1 & multiplies deities s t !y are met at e turn4 ,,vii4 ,! =mless matt] ( ! _w !y t]m ! god ,*aos1 & ! same honor is accord$ to heav51 e>?1 ! sea1 ! w9d1 & ! planets1 & !y are made bo? male & female4 ,fur!r on we f9d birds1 reptiles1 ! crocodile1 ! calf1 ! dog1 ! lamb1 ! s]p5t1 ! hog1 & 9 fact all k9ds ( animals & plants con/itute ! bett] "p4 ,ea* riv] & f\nta9 be>s ! "n ( a ,god1 ea* h\se _h its own1 ea* man 8 g5ius2 9 fact all space above & b5ea? ! e>? 0 occupi$ by spirits1 %ades & demons4 ,x 0 n suffici5t to ma9ta9 a ,div9ity 9 all imag9able places1 b !y fe>$ to (f5d "t1 day1 night1 concord1 love1 peace1 victory1 cont5tion1 mildew1 honor1 virtue1 fev]1 & heal?1 or to insult ^! *>m+ div9ities :om !y always imag9$ ready to dis*>ge lightn+ on ! heads ( m51 provid$ temples & alt>s 7 n erect$ to !m4 ,z a sequel1 man comm5c$ to fe> 8 own special g5ius1 :om "s invok$ "u ! "n ( ,muses1 & o!rs "u ! "n ( ,=tune ador$ _! own ignorance4 ,! latt] sanctifi$ _! debau*es 9 ! "n ( ,cupid1 _! rage 9 ! "n ( ,furies1 & _! natural p>ts "u ! "n ( ,priapus1 9 a ^w1 !re 0 no?+ :i* did n be> ! "n ( a ,god or a ,demon4 7,hobbes' de hom9e1 ,*ap4 #ab1 p4 #eh47 ,,viii4 ,! f\nd]s ( ,religion hav+ bas$ _! impo/ures on ! ignorance ( ! p1 took great c>e to ma9ta9 !m by ! adoration ( images :i* !y pret5d$ 7 inhabit$ by ! ,gods1 & ?is caus$ a flood ( gold & b5efactions call$ holy ?+s1 to p\r into ! c(f]s ( ! prie/s4 ,^! gifts 7 reg>d$ z sacr$1 & design$ = ! use ( ^! holy m9i/]s1 & none 7 s audaci\s z to pret5d to _! (fice1 or ev5 to t\* !m4 ,to allure ! p m successfully1 ^! prie/s made prophecies & pret5d$ to p5etrate ! future by ! comm]ce :i* !y boa/$ ( hav+ ) ! ,gods4 ,!re is no?+ s natural z to "k de/9y4 ,^! impo/ors 7 too well in=m$ to omit any circum/ance s advantage\s = _! designs4 ,"s 7 e/abli%$ at ,delos1 o!rs at ,delphos & else:]e1 :]e by ambigu\s oracles !y repli$ to ! dem&s made ( !m4 ,wom5 ev5 7 engag$ 9 ^! impo/ures1 & ! ,romans 9 _! great ,calamities _h rec\rse to ! ,sybill9e books2 fools & lunatics pass$ = en?usia/s1 & ^? :o pret5d$ to conv]se ) ! dead 7 call$ necromanc]s4 ,o!rs read ! future by ! flight ( birds1 or by ! entrails ( bea/s4 ,inde$ ! eyes1 ! h&s1 ! face1 or an extraord9>y object1 all seem$ to !m to possess a good or bad om51 s x is true t ! ignorant w receive any desir$ impression :5 ! secret ( _! wi% is f\nd4 7,hobbes' de hom9e1 ,*ap4 #ab1 pp4 #eh-ei47 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,( ,moses4 ,i4 ,! ambiti\s1 :o h always be5 gr& ma/]s ( ! art ( trick]y1 h always foll[$ ?is me?od 9 exp\nd+ _! laws1 & to oblige ! p to submit to !m !y h p]suad$ !m t !y _h receiv$ !m ei!r f a ,god or a ,goddess4 ,al?\gh !re 0 a multitude ( ,div9ities1 ^? :o wor%ipp$ !m call$ ,pagans _h no g5]al sy/em ( ,religion4 ,ea* republic1 ea* /ate & city1 ea* p>ticul> place _h its own rites & ?\ght ( ! ,div9ity z fancy dictat$4 ,foll[+ ?is came legislators m cunn+ ?an ^! fir/ trick/]s1 & :o employ$ me?ods m /udi$ & m c]ta9 = ! propagation & p]petuity ( _! laws1 z well z ! culture ( su* c]emonies & fanaticism z !y deem$ prop] to e/abli%4 ,among ! great numb] ,arabia & its fronti]s has giv5 bir? to ?ree :o h be5 di/+ui%$ z mu* by ! k9d ( laws & wor%ip :i* !y e/abli%$1 z by ! idea !y h giv5 ( a ,div9ity to _! foll[]s1 & ! means !y h tak5 to cause ?is idea to be receiv$ & _! laws to be approv$4 ,moses is ! mo/ anci5t2 ,jesus com+ aft] labor$ aft] 8 mann] 9 pres]v+ ! f\ndation ( 8 laws :ile aboli%+ ! rema9d]2 & ,mahomet appe>+ lat] on ! sc5e has tak5 f "o & ! o!r religion to compose 8 own1 & !re=e he is decl>$ ! enemy ( all ! ,gods4 ,let u see ! "* ( ^! ?ree ,legislators1 exam9e _! conduct1 & !n judge aft]w>ds :o are ! be/ f\nd$3 ^? :o rev]$ !m z ,holy m5 & ,gods1 or ^? :o treat$ !m z s*em]s & impo/ors4 ,,ii4 ,! celebrat$ ,moses1 gr&son ( a great magician1 #bh by ! acc\nt ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 _h all ! advantages prop] = :at he aft]w>ds became4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,hebrews1 ( :om he became ! ,*ief1 7 a nation ( %eph]ds :om ,k+ ,ph>aoh ,orus ,i4 receiv$ 9 8 c\ntry 9 consid]ation ( s]vices t he _h receiv$ f "o ( !m 9 ! "t ( a great fam9e4 ,he gave !m "s l&s 9 ! ea/ ( ,egypt 9 a c\ntry f]tile 9 pa/urage1 & consequ5tly adapt$ = _! flocks4 ,dur+ #bjj ye>s !y rapidly increas$1 because1 be+ consid]$ =eign]s !y 7 n requir$ to s]ve 9 ! armies ( ,ph>aoh1 & because ( ! natural advantages ( ! l&s :i* ,orus _h grant$ !m4 ,"s b&s ( ,arabs came to jo9 !m z bro!rs1 = !y 7 ( a simil> race1 & !y increas$ s a/oni%+ly t ! l& ( ,go%5 n be+ able to conta9 !m !y spread all ov] ,egypt1 giv+ ,ph>aoh ,memnon ,,ii4 good reason to fe> t !y might be capable ( "s dang]\s attempt 9 case ,egypt 0 attack$ 7z happ5$ soon aft]7 by _! active enemies1 ! ,e?iopians4 ,?us a policy ( /ate compell$ ?is ,pr9ce to curtail _! privileges1 & to seek means to weak5 & enslave !m4 ,ph>aoh ,orus ,,ii4 surnam$ ,busiris because ( 8 cruelty1 & :o succe$$ ,memnon1 foll[$ 8 plan reg>d+ ! ,jews4 ,wi%+ to p]petuate 8 memory by ! erection ( ! ,pyramids & build+ ! city ( ,!bes1 he condemn$ ! ,hebrews to labor at mak+ bricks1 ! mat]ial 9 ! e>? ( _! c\ntry be+ adapt$ = ?is purpose4 ,dur+ ?is s]vitude ! celebrat$ ,moses 0 born1 9 ! same ye> t ! ,k+ issu$ an edict to ca/ all ! male ,hebrew *ildr5 into ! ,nile1 see+ t he _h no sur] means ( ext]m9at+ ?is rabble ( =eign]s4 ,moses 0 expos$ to p]i% 9 ! wat]s 9 a basket cov]$ ) pit*1 :i* 8 "m plac$ 9 ! ru%es on ! banks ( ! riv]4 ,x *anc$ t ,!rmitis1 daught] ( ,orus1 0 walk+ ne> ! %ore & he>+ ! cries ( ! *ild1 ! natural compassion ( h] sex inspir$ h] to save x4 ,orus hav+ di$1 ,!rmitis succe$$ him1 & ,moses hav+ be5 pres5t$ to h]1 %e caus$ him to be educat$ 9 a mann] befitt+ ! son ( a ,que5 ( ! wise/ & mo/ poli%$ nation ( ! univ]se4 ,9 a ^w he 0 tutor$ 9 all ! sci5ce ( ! ,egyptians1 & x is admitt$1 & !y h repres5t$ ,moses to u z ! greate/ politician1 ! wise/ philosoph] & ! mo/ fam\s magician ( 8 "t4 ,x foll[$ t he 0 admitt$ to ! ord] ( ,prie/hood1 :i* 0 9 ,egypt :at ! ,druids 7 9 ,gaul1 t is to say--ev]y?+4 ,^? :o are n famili> ) :at ! gov]nm5t ( ,egypt 01 w be pleas$ to "k t ! fam\s dyna/ies hav+ come to an end1 ! entire c\ntry 0 dep5d5t ^u "o ,sov]eign :o divid$ x into sev]al prov9ces ( no great ext5t4 ,! gov]nors ( ^! c\ntries 7 call$ mon>*s1 & !y 7 ord9>ily ( ! p[]ful ord] ( ,prie/s1 :o possess$ ne>ly "o-?ird ( ,egypt4 ,! k+ nam$ ^! mon>*s1 & if we c believe ! au?ors :o h writt5 ( ,moses & comp>e :at !y h said ) :at ,moses himself has writt51 we may conclude t he 0 mon>* ( ! l& ( ,go%51 & t he ow$ 8 elevation to ,!rmitis1 :o _h also sav$ 8 life4 ,we see :at ,moses 0 9 ,egypt1 :]e he _h bo? "t & means to /udy ! mann]s ( ! ,egyptians1 & ^? ( 8 nation3 _! gov]n+ passions1 _! incl9ations1 & all t w\ld be ( s]vice to him 9 8 ef=t to excite ! revolution ( :i* he 0 ! promot]4 ,!rmitis hav+ di$1 h] successor r5ew$ ! p]secution aga9/ ! ,hebrews1 & ,moses hav+ lo/ 8 previ\s favor1 & fe>+ t he c\ld n ju/ify sev]al homicides t he _h committ$1 took ! precaution to flee4 ,he retir$ to ,arabia ,petrea1 on ! conf9es ( ,egypt1 & *ance br\ght him to ! home ( a tribal *ief ( ! c\ntry4 ,8 s]vices1 & ! tal5ts t 8 ma/] rem>k$ 9 him1 m]it$ 8 good graces & "o ( 8 daught]s 9 m>riage4 ,x is "h to be not$ t ,moses 0 su* a bad ,jew1 & knew s little ( ! r$\btable ,god :om he inv5t$ lat]1 t he w$d$ an idolatress1 & did n ev5 ?9k ( hav+ 8 *ildr5 circumcis$4 ,x 0 9 ! ,arabian des]ts1 :ile gu>d+ ! flocks ( 8 fa!r-9-law & bro!r-9-law1 he conceiv$ ! design ( av5g+ ! inju/ice :i* _h be5 done him by ! ,k+ ( ,egypt1 by br++ tr\ble & s$ition 9 ! c\rt ( 8 /ates2 & he flatt]$ himself t he c\ld easily succe$ 9 ?is by reason ( 8 tal5ts1 z by ! disposition :i* he knew he w\ld f9d 9 8 nation already inc5s$ aga9/ ! gov]nm5t by reason ( ! bad treatm5t t !y _h be5 caus$ to suff]4 ,x appe>s by ! hi/ory :i* he has told ( ?is revolution1 or at lea/ by ! au?or ( ! books attribut$ to ,moses1 t ,je?ro1 8 bro!r-9-law1 0 9 ! conspiracy1 z well z 8 bro!r ,a>on & 8 si/] ,m>y1 :o _h rema9$ 9 ,egypt1 & ) :om he c\ld arrange to hold correspond5ce4 ,z may be se5 by ! sequel he _h =m$ a va/ plan 9 good politics1 & he c\ld put 9 s]vice aga9/ ,egypt all ! sci5ce he _h le>n$ !re1 & ! pret5d$ ,magic 9 :i* he 0 m subtle & skillful ?an all ^? at ! ,c\rt ( ,ph>aoh :o possess$ ! same accompli%m5ts4 ,x 0 by ^! pret5d$ miracles t he ga9$ ! confid5ce ( ^? ( 8 nation t he caus$ to rebel4 ,he jo9$ to !m ?\s&s ( mut9\s ,egyptians1 ,e?iopians & ,arabs4 ,boa/+ ! p[] ( 8 ,div9ity & ! frequ5t int]views he held ) ,him1 & caus+ ,him to int]v5e 9 all ! measures he took ) ! *iefs ( ! revolt1 he p]suad$ !m s well t !y foll[$ him to ! numb] ( #fjj1jjj combatants--besides ! wom5 & *ildr5--across ! des]ts ( ,arabia1 ( :i* he knew all ! w9d+s4 ,aft] a six days m>* on a labori\s retreat1 he comm&$ 8 foll[]s to consecrate ! sev5? to 8 ,god by a public re/1 to make !m believe t ?is ,god favor$ him1 t he approv$ 8 sway1 & t no "o c\ld h ! audacity to contradict him4 ,!re 7 nev] any p m ignorant ?an ! ,hebrews1 & consequ5tly none m cr$ul\s4 ,to be conv9c$ ( ?is pr(\nd ignorance1 x is only necess>y to recall ! condition ( ^! p 9 ,egypt :5 ,moses made !m revolt4 ,!y 7 hat$ by ! ,egyptians because ( _! pa/oral life1 p]secut$ by ! ,sov]eign & employ$ 9 ! vile/ labor4 ,among su* a populace x 0 n v difficult = ,moses to avail himself ( 8 tal5ts4 ,he made !m believe t 8 ,god 7:om he sometimes simply call$ an angel7--! ,god ( _! ,fa!rs--appe>$ to him1 t x 0 by 8 ord] t he took c>e to lead !m1 t he _h *os5 him = ,gov]nor1 & t !y w\ld be ! favor$ p ( ?is ,god1 provid$ !y believ$ :at he said on 8 "p4 ,he add$ to 8 exhortations on ! "p ( 8 ,god1 ! adroit use ( 8 pre/ige1 & ! k t he _h ( nature4 ,he confirm$ :at he said to !m by :at might be call$ miracles1 always easy to p]=m1 & :i* made a great impression on an imbecile populace4 ,x may be rem>k$ above all1 t he believ$ he _h f\nd a sure me?od = hold+ ?is p submissive to 8 ord]s1 9 mak+ accessory ( ! /atem5t t ,god himself 0 _! lead]3 by night a column ( fire & a cl\d by day4 ,b x c be prov$ t ?is 0 ! grosse/ trick ( ?is impo/or1 & t x might s]ve him = a long "t4 ,he _h le>n$ dur+ 8 travels t he _h made 9 ,arabia1 a c\ntry va/ & un9habit$1 t x 0 ! cu/om ( ^? :o travel$ 9 companies to take guides :o conduct$ !m 9 ! night by means ( a brazi]1 ! flame ( :i* !y foll[$1 & 9 ! day "t by ! smoke ( ! same brazi] :i* all ! memb]s ( ! c>avan c\ld see1 & consequ5tly n g a/ray4 ,?is cu/om prevail$ among ! ,m$es & ,assyrians1 & x is q natural t ,moses us$ x1 & made x pass = a miracle1 & a m>k ( ! protection ( 8 ,god4 ,if ,i may n be believ$ :5 ,i say t ?is 0 a trick1 let ,moses himself be believ$1 :o 9 ,numb]s1 ,*ap4 x4 v4 #bi-cc1 asks 8 bro!r-9-law1 ,hobab1 to come ) ! ,israelites1 t he may %[ !m ! roads1 because he knew ! c\ntry4 ,?is is demon/rative1 = if x 0 ,god :o m>*$ be=e ,israel night & day 9 ! cl\d & ! column ( fire c\ld !y h a bett] guide8 ,mean:ile "h is ,moses exhort+ 8 bro!r-9-law by ! mo/ press+ motives ( int]e/ to s]ve him z ,guide4 ,!n ! cl\d & ! column ( fire 0 ,god only = ! p1 & n = ,moses1 :o knew :at x 04 ,^! poor un=tunates ?us s$uc$1 *>m$ at be+ adopt$ by ! ,ma/] ( ,god1 z !y 7 told1 em]g+ f a h>d & cruel bondage1 applaud$ ,moses & swore to obey him4 ,8 au?ority 0 ?us confirm$4 ,he s\ght to p]petuate x1 & "u pretext ( e/abli%+ div9e wor%ip1 or ( a supreme ,god ( :om he said he 0 ! lieut5ant1 he made 8 bro!r & 8 *ildr5 *iefs ( ! ,royal ,palace1 t is to say1 ( ! place :]e miracles 7 p]=m$ out ( ! sight & pres5ce ( ! p4 ,s he cont9u$ ^! pret5d$ miracles1 at :i* ! simple 7 amaz$ & o!rs /upefi$1 b :i* caus$ ^? :o 7 wise & :o saw ?r\gh ^! impo/ures to pity !m4 ,h[ev] skillful ,moses 01 & h[ _m clev] tricks he knew h[ to d1 he w\ld h _h mu* tr\ble to secure ob$i5ce if he _h n a /rong army4 #bi ,deceit )\t =ce has r>ely succe$$4 ,x 0 9 ord] to h assur$ means to ma9ta9 ob$i5ce aga9/ ! disc]n+ t he cont9u$ to place 9 8 own faction ^? ( 8 tribe1 giv+ !m all ! important *>ges & exempt+ !m f ! great] "p ( ! labors4 ,he knew h[ to create jeal\sies among ! o!r tribes1 "s ( :om took 8 "p aga9/ ! o!rs4 ,f9ally assur+ adroitly to 8 int]e/ ^? :o appe>$ ! mo/ enlight5$1 by plac+ !m 9 8 confid5ce1 he secur$ !m by giv+ !m employm5t ( di/9ction4 ,aft] t he f\nd "s ( ^! idiots _h ! c\rage to reproa* 8 bad fai?2 t "u 8 false pret5se ( ju/ice & equity he 0 seiz+ ev]y?+4 ,z ! sov]eign au?ority 0 ve/$ 9 8 blood 9 su* mann] t no "o _h a "r to aspire to x1 !y consid]$ f9ally t he 0 less _! fa!r ?an _! tyrant4 ,on su* occasions ,moses by cunn+ policy conf\nd$ ^! free-?9k]s & sp>$ none :o c5sur$ 8 gov]nm5t4 ,) su* precautions1 & cloak+ 8 puni%m5ts "u ! "n ( ,div9e v5geance1 he cont9u$ absolute1 & to f9i% 9 ! same way he began1 t is to say by deceit & impo/ure1 he *ose an extraord9>y dea?4 ,he ca/ himself 9 an abyss 9 a lonely place :]e he retir$ f "t to "t "u pretext ( conf]r+ ) ,god1 & :i* he _h long design$ = 8 tomb4 ,8 body nev] hav+ be5 f\nd1 x 0 believ$ t 8 ,god _h tak5 him1 & t he _h become l ,him4 ,he knew t ! memories ( ! patri>*s :o prec$$ him 7 held 9 great v5]ation :5 _! sepul*res 7 f\nd1 b t 0 n suffici5t = an ambition l 84 ,he mu/ be rev]$ z a ,god = :om dea? _h no t]rors1 & to ?is end all 8 ef=ts 7 direct$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( 8 reign :5 he said t he 0 e/abli%$ ( ,god--to be ! ,god ( ,ph>aoh4 ,elijah #cj gave 8 example1 also ,romulus #ca1 ,emp$ocles #cb & all ^? :o f a desire to immortalize _! names1 h conceal$ ! "t & place ( _! dea? s t !y w\ld be deem$ immortal4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,( ,numa ,pompilius4 ,to return to ! law-giv]s1 !re 7 none :o1 hav+ attribut$ _! laws to ,div9ity1 did n endeavor to enc\rage ! belief t !y !mselves 7 m ?an human4 ,numa1 hav+ ta/$ ! delights ( solitude1 did n wi% to leave x = ! ?rone ( ,rome1 b be+ =c$ by public acclamation1 he pr(it$ by ! devotion ( ! ,romans4 ,he in=m$ !m t he _h talk$ ) ,god1 & if !y desir$ him = ,k+ !y mu/ obs]ve ! ,div9e laws & in/itutions :i* _h be5 dictat$ to him by ! nymph ,eg]ia4 #cc ,alex&] wi%$ to be consid]$ a son ( ,jupit]4 ,p]seus pret5d$ to be a son ( ! same ,god & ! virg9 ,danae2 ,plato1 ( ,apollo1 & a virg91 :i*1 p]haps1 is ! cause ( ! belief among ! ,egyptians t ! ,_s ( ,god ,lne #cd c\ld get a woman ) *ild z ! w9d did ! ,ib]ian m>es4 #ce ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o 0 n unacqua9t$ ) ! maxims & sci5ce ( ! ,egyptians1 among :om he dwelt sev]al ye>s1 avail$ himself ( ?is k1 deem+ x prop] = ! design :i* he m$itat$4 ,consid]+ t ,moses 0 r5[n$ because he comm&$ an ignorant p1 he und]took to build on a simil> f\ndation1 & 8 foll[]s 7 only "s idiots :om he p]suad$ t ! ,holy ,_s 0 8 ,fa!r1 & 8 ,"m a ,virg94 #cf ,^! good p be+ accu/om$ to be satisfi$ ) dreams & fancies1 adopt$ ?is fable1 believ$ all t he wi%$1 & ev5 m will+ly t a bir? out ( ! natural ord] 0 n s m>vel\s a circum/ance = !m to believe4 ,to be born ( a ,virg9 by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s #cg 01 9 _! e/imation1 z wond]ful z :at ! ,romans said ( _! f\nd]1 ,romulus1 :o ow$ 8 bir? to a ,ve/al & a ,god4 ,?is happ5$ at a "t :5 ! ,jews 7 tir$ ( _! ,god1 z !y _h be5 ( _! ,judges1 #ch & wi%$ to h a visible ,god l o!r nations4 ,z ! numb] ( fools is inf9ite1 he f\nd foll[]s ev]y:]e1 b 8 extreme pov]ty 0 an inv9cible ob/acle to 8 elevation4 ,! ,ph>isees1 delight$ ) ! boldness ( a man ( _! sect1 #ci :ile />tl$ at 8 audacity1 elevat$ or depress$ him accord+ to ! fickle humor ( ! populace1 s t :5 x became nois$ ab\t conc]n+ 8 ,div9ity1 x 0 impossible--he be+ possess$ ( no p[]--t 8 design c\ld succe$4 ,no matt] h[ _m sick he cur$1 nor h[ _m dead he rais$1 hav+ no money & no army1 he c\ld n fail to p]i%1 & ) t outlook x appe>s t he _h less *ance ( success ?an ,moses1 ,mahomet1 & all ^? :o 7 ambiti\s to elevate !mselves above o!rs4 ,if he 0 m un=tunate1 he 0 no less adroit1 & sev]al places 9 8 hi/ory give evid5ce t ! greate/ fault 9 8 policy 0 n to h suffici5tly provid$ = 8 own safety4 ,s x may be se5 t he did n manage 8 affairs any bett] ?an ^? two o!r legislators1 ( ^: memory exi/s b ! rema9s ( ! belief t !y e/abli%$ among ! diff]5t nations4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,( ! ,policy ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i4 ,is !re any?+1 = example1 m dextr\s ?an ! mann] 9 :i* he treat$ ! subject ( ! woman tak5 9 adult]y8 7,/4 ,john1 c4 viii47 ,! ,jews hav+ ask$ if !y %\ld /one ?is un=tunate1 in/ead ( reply+ def9itely1 yes or no1 by :i* he w\ld fall 9 ! trap set by 8 enemies3 ! negative be+ directly aga9/ ! law1 & ! affirmative prov+ him sev]e & cruel1 :i* w\ld h ali5at$ ! sa9ts4 ,in/ead ( reply+ z any ord9>y p]son b him w\ld h done1 he said1 :oev] is )\t s91 let him ca/ ! fir/ /one1 a skillful response1 :i* %[s u 8 pres5ce ( m9d4 ,,ii4 ,ano!r "t be+ ask$ if x 0 lawful to #dj pay tribute to ,ces>1 & see+ ! image ( ! ,pr9ce on ! co9 t !y %[$ him1 he evades ! difficulty by reply+ t !y %\ld r5d] unto ,ces> :at belongs to ,ces>1 & unto ,god :at belongs to ,god4 ,! difficulty consi/$ 9 t he w\ld be guilty ( lse maje/ if he _h said x 0 n p]mitt$1 & by say+ t x 01 he w\ld rev]se ! law ( ,moses :i* he always prote/$ he w\ld n d1 because he felt t he 0 ei!r too weak1 or t he w\ld be wor/$ 9 ! endeavor4 ,s he made himself m popul>1 by act+ ) impunity aft] ! mann] ( ,pr9ces1 :o all[$ ! privileges ( _! subjects to be confirm$ :ile _! p[] 0 n well e/abli%$1 b :o scorn$ _! promises :5 !y 7 well en?ron$4 ,,iii4 ,he aga9 skillfully avoid$ a trap t ! ,ph>isees _h set = him4 ,!y ask$ him--hav+ 9 _! m9ds ?\ghts :i* w\ld only t5d to convict him ( ly+--by :at au?ority he pret5d$ to in/ruct & cate*ise ! p4 ,:e!r he repli$ t x 0 by human au?ority because he 0 n ( ! sacr$ body ( ,levites1 or :e!r he boa/$ ( prea*+ by ! express comm& ( ,god1 8 doctr9e 0 contr>y to ! ,mosaic law4 ,to relieve ?is emb>rassm5t1 he avail$ himself ( ! que/ion]s !mselves by ask+ !m 9 ! "n ( :om !y ?\ght ,john baptiz$8 ,! ,ph>isees1 :o = policy oppos$ ! baptism by ,john1 w\ld be condemn$ !mselves 9 av[+ t x 0 ( ,god4 ,if !y _h n admitt$ x !y w\ld h be5 expos$ to ! rage ( ! populace1 :o believ$ ! contr>y4 ,to get out ( ?is dilemma1 !y repli$ t !y knew no?+ ( x1 to :i* ,jesus answ]$ t he 0 nei!r oblig$ to tell !m :y1 nor 9 ! "n ( :om he prea*$4 ,,iv4 ,su* 7 ! skillful & witty evasions ( ! de/roy] ( ! anci5t law & ! f\nd] ( ! new4 ,su* 7 ! orig9s ( ! new religion :i* 0 built on ! ru9s ( ! old1 or to speak dis9t]e/$ly1 !re 0 no?+ m div9e 9 ?is ?an 9 ! o!r sects :i* prec$$ x4 ,its f\nd]1 :o 0 n q ignorant1 see+ ! extreme corruption ( ! ,jewi% republic1 judg$ x z ne>+ its end1 & believ$ t ano!r %\ld be reviv$ f its a%es4 ,! fe> ( be+ prev5t$ by "o m ambiti\s ?an himself1 made him ha/e to e/abli% x by me?ods q oppos$ to ^? ( ,moses4 ,! latt] comm5c$ by mak+ himself =midable to o!r nations4 ,jesus1 on ! contr>y1 attract$ !m to him by ! hope ( ! advantages ( ano!r life1 :i* he said c\ld be obta9$ by believ+ 9 him1 :ile ,moses only promis$ temporal b5efits z a recomp5se = ! obs]vation ( 8 law4 ,jesus ,*ri/ held out a hope :i* nev] 0 realiz$4 ,! laws ( "o only reg>d$ ! ext]ior1 :ile ^? ( ! o!r aim$ at ! inn] man1 influ5c+ ev5 ! ?\ghts1 & entirely ! rev]se ( ! law ( ,moses4 ,:5ce x foll[s t ,jesus believ$ ) ,ari/otle t x is ) ,religion & ,/ates1 z ) individuals :o are begott5 & die1 & z no?+ is made except subject to dissolution1 !re is no law :i* c foll[ :i* is entirely oppos$ to x4 ,n[ z x is difficult to decide to *ange f "o law to ano!r1 & z ! great majority is difficult to move 9 matt]s ( ,religion1 ,jesus1 9 imitation ( ! o!r innovators _h rec\rse to miracles1 :i* h always be5 ! p]il ( ! ignorant1 & ! sanctu>y ( ! ambiti\s4 ,v4 ,*ri/ianity 0 f\nd$ by ?is me?od1 & ,jesus pr(it+ by ! faults ( ! ,mosaic policy1 nev] succe$$ s happily any:]e1 z 9 ! measures :i* he took to r5d] 8 law et]nal4 ,! ,hebrew prophets ?\ght to d honor to ,moses by pr$ict+ a successor :o resembl$ him4 ,t is to say1 a ,messiah1 gr& 9 virtue1 p[]ful 9 weal?1 & t]rible to 8 enemies2 & :ile _! prophecies h produc$ ! contr>y effect1 _m ambiti\s ones h tak5 occasion to proclaim !mselves ! promis$ ,messiah1 :i* has caus$ revolts t h endur$ until ! entire de/ruction ( _! republic4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 m adroit ?an ! ,mosaic prophets1 to defeat ! purpose ( ^? :o rose up aga9/ him pr$ict$ 7,mat!w xxiv4 #d-e-bd-be-bf4 ,,ii4 ,!ssalonians ii4 #c-aj4 ,john ii4 #aa-ah7 t su* a man w\ld be a great enemy ( ,god1 ! delight ( ! ,devil1 ! s9k ( all iniquity & ! desolation ( ! _w4 ,aft] ^! f9e decl>ations !re 01 to my m9d1 no p]son :o w\ld d>e to call himself ,anti-,*ri/1 & ,i d n ?9k he c\ld h f\nd a bett] way to p]petuate 8 law4 ,!re 0 no?+ m fabul\s ?an ! rumors t 7 spread conc]n+ ?is pret5d$ ,anti-,*ri/4 ,/4 ,paul said 7,,ii4 ,!ssalonians xi4 #g7 ( 8 exi/5ce1 t he 0 already born1 consequ5tly 0 pres5t on ! eve ( ! com+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/ :ile m ?an twelve hundr$ ye>s h expir$ s9ce ! pr$iction ( ?is prophet 0 utt]$1 & he has n yet appe>$4 ,i admit t ^! words h be5 cr$it$ to ,*]9tus & ,ebion1 two great enemies ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 because !y d5i$ 8 pret5d$ div9ity1 b x also may be said t if ?is int]pretation con=ms to ! view ( ! apo/le1 :i* is n cr$ible2 ^! words = all "t designate an inf9ity ( ,anti-,*ri/1 !re be+ no reputable s*ol> :o w\ld (f5d by say+ t ! #da;hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ is a fable1 & t 8 law is b a tissue ( idle fancies t ignorance has put 9 vogue & t int]e/ pres]ves4 ,,vi4 ,nev]!less x is pret5d$ t a ,religion :i* re/s on su* frail f\ndations is q div9e & sup]natural1 z if we did n "k t !re 7 nev] p]sons m conv5i5t to give curr5cy to ! mo/ absurd op9ions ?an wom5 & idiots4 ,x is n /range1 !n1 t ,jesus did n *oose ,philosoph]s & ,s*ol>s = 8 ,apo/les4 ,he knew t 8 law & good s5se 7 diametrically oppos$4 #db ,t is ! reason :y he declaims 9 s _m places aga9/ ! wise1 & excludes !m f 8 k+dom1 :]e 7 to be admitt$ ! poor 9 _s1 ! silly & ! crazy4 ,aga91 rational individuals did n ?9k x un=tunate to h no?+ 9 common ) vision>ies4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,( ! ,morals ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i4 ,z = 8 ,morals1 we see no?+ m div9e !re9 ?an 9 ! writ+s ( ! anci5ts1 or r we f9d only :at are only extracts or imitations4 ,/4 ,augu/9 7*4 #i & v4 #bj ( ! ,confessions1 ,book #g17 ev5 admits t he has f\nd 9 "s ( _! works ne>ly all ( ! beg9n+ ( ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,john4 ,z f> z may be se51 t ,apo/le is believ$1 9 _m places1 to h /ol5 f o!r au?ors1 & t x 0 n difficult to rob ! ,prophets ( _! enigmas & visions to make 8 ,apocalypse4 ,:5ce comes ! con=mity :i* we f9d betwe5 ! doctr9e ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & t ( ,plato8 to say no?+ ( :at ! ,rabb9s h done1 & ^? :o h fabricat$ ! ,holy ,writ+s f a mass ( fragm5ts /ol5 f ?is ,gr& ,philosoph]4 ,c]ta9ly ! bir? ( ! _w has a ?\s& times m probability 9 8 ,timaeus ?an 9 ,g5esis1 & x _c be said t t comes f :at ,plato _h read 9 ! books ( ! ,jews dur+ 8 travels 9 ,egypt1 = accord+ to ,/4 ,augu/9 himself1 7,confessions1 ,book #g1 *4 #i1 v4 #bj17 ,ptolemy _h n yet translat$ !m4 ,! description ( ! c\ntry ( :i* ,socrates speaks to ,simias 9 ! ,pha$on 787 has inf9itely m grace ?an ! ,t]re/rial ,p>adise 7( ,ed57 & ! ,&rogynus #dc is )\t comp>ison1 bett] conceiv$ ?an :at ,g5esis says ( ! extraction ( ,eve f "o ( ! sides ( ,adam4 ,is !re any?+ t m resembles ! two accid5ts ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah ?an t :i* happ5$ to ,phaeton8 ,is !re any?+ m alike ?an ! fall ( ,lucif] & t ( ,vulcan1 or t ( ! giants ca/ d[n by ! lightn+s ( ,jupit]8 ,any?+ m simil> ?an ,samson & ,h]cules1 ,elijah & ,phaeton1 ,joseph & ,hippolitus1 ,nebu*adnezz> & ,lycaon1 ,tantalus & ! torm5t$ ri* man 7,luke xvi1 #bd71 ! manna ( ! ,israelites & ! ambrosia ( ! ,gods8 ,/4 ,augu/9--quot$ f ,god1 ,book #f1 *ap4 #ad1--,/4 ,cyrile & ,!ophylactus comp>e ,jonah ) ,h]cules1 surnam$ ,tr9sitium 78,tr9octius71 because he _h dwelt ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! belly ( a :ale4 ,! riv] ( ,daniel1 spok5 ( 9 ! ,prophets1 *4 vii1 is a visible imitation ( ,p]iphlegeton1 :i* is m5tion$ by ,plato 9 ! ,dialogue on ! ,immortality ( ! ,s\l4 ,orig9al s9 has be5 tak5 f ,p&ora's box1 ! sacrifice ( ,isaac & ,jeph?ah f ! /ory ( ,iphig5ia1 al?\gh 9 ! latt] a h9d 0 sub/itut$4 ,:at is said ( ,lot & 8 wife is q l ! tale :i* is told ( ,baucis & ,philemon4 ,9 %ort1 x is unque/ionable t ! au?ors ( ! ,scriptures h transcrib$ ^w = ^w ! works ( ,hesiod & ,hom]4 ,,ii4 ,b x seems t ,i h made q a digression :i*1 h[ev]1 may n be unpr(itable4 ,let u return !n to ,jesus1 or r1 to 8 ,morals4 ,celsus proves1 by ! acc\nt ( ,orig5 7,book ,,vi1 aga9/ ,celsus71 t he _h tak5 f ,plato 8 f9e/ s5tim5ts1 su* z t :i* says 7,luke1 c4 xviii1 v4 #be71 t a camel might soon] pass ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le ?an a ri* man %\ld ent] ! ,k+dom ( ,god4 ,x 0 ! sect ( ,ph>isees ( :i* he 01 & :o believ$ 9 him1 :i* gave bir? to ?is4 ,:at is said ( ! ,immortality ( ! ,s\l1 ( ! ,resurrection1 ( ,hell1 & ! great] "p ( 8 ,morals1 ,i see no?+ m admirable ?an 9 ! works ( ,epictetus1 ,epicurus & _m o!rs4 ,9 fact1 ! latt] 0 cit$ by ,/4 ,j]ome 7,book ,,viii1 aga9/ ,jovian1 *4 viii71 z a man ^: virtue puts to ! blu% bett] ,*ri/ians1 obs]v+ t all 8 works 7 fill$ ) b h]bs1 fruits & ab/95ce1 & ^: delights 7 s temp]ate t 8 f9e/ repa/s 7 b a little *eese1 bread & wat]4 ,) a life s frugal1 ?is ,philosoph]1 pagan z he 01 said t x 0 bett] to be unlucky & rational1 ?an ri* & opul5t )\t hav+ good s5se1 add+1 t x is r>e t =tune & wisdom are f\nd 9 ! same individual1 & t "o c\ld h no k ( happ9ess nor live ) pleasure unless felicity 0 accompani$ by prud5ce1 ju/ice & hone/y1 :i* are qualifications ( a true & la/+ delight4 ,z = ,epictetus ,i d n believe t any man1 n except+ ,jesus himself1 0 m au/]e1 m firm1 m equitable1 or m moral4 ,i say no?+ b :at is easy to prove1 & n to pass my prescrib$ limit ,i w n m5tion all ! exempl>y acts ( 8 life1 b give "o s+le example ( con/ancy :i* puts to %ame ! weakness & c[>dice ( ,jesus 9 ! sight ( dea?4 ,be+ a slave to a freeman nam$ ,epaphroditus1 capta9 ( ! gu>ds ( ,n]o1 x took ! fancy ( ?is brute to twi/ ! leg ( ,epictetus4 ,epictetus p]ceiv+ t x gave him pleasure said to him1 smil+1 t he 0 well conv9c$ t ! game w\ld n end until he _h brok5 8 leg2 9 fact1 ?is crisis happ5$4 ,well1 said ,epictetus ) an ev5 smil+ face1 did ,i n say t y w\ld break my leg8 ,0 !re ev] c\rage equal to t8 & c\ld x h be5 said ( ,jesus ,*ri/ _h he be5 ! victim8 ,he :o wept & trembl$ ) fe> at ! lea/ al>m1 & :o ev9c$ at 8 dea? a lack ( _s t nev] 0 witness$ 9 ! majority ( 8 m>tyrs4 ,i d\bt n b :at x might be said ( ?is action ( ,epictetus :at ! ignorant rem>k ( ! virtues ( ! ,philosoph]s1 t vanity 0 _! pr9ciple1 & t !y 7 n :at !y seem$4 ,b ,i say also t ^? :o use su* language are p :o1 9 ! pulpit1 say all t comes into _! heads--ei!r good or evil--& !y want ! privilege ( tell+ x all4 ,i "k also t :5 ^! babbl]s1 sell]s ( air1 w9d & smoke1 h v5t$ all _! /r5g? aga9/ ! *ampions ( common s5se !y ?9k !y h well e>n$ ! rev5ues ( _! liv+s3 t !y h n m]it$ a call to in/ruct ! p unless !y h decl>$ aga9/ ^? :o "k :at common s5se & true virtue is4 ,s x is true t no?+ 9 ! _w approa*es s little to ! mann]s ( true s*ol>s z ! actions ( ! ignorant :o decry !m & :o appe> to h /udi$ only to procure pref]m5t :i* gives !m bread2 & :i* pref]m5t !y wor%ip & magnify :5 ?is height is atta9$1 z if !y _h rea*$ a condition ( p]fection1 :i*1 to ^? :o succe$1 is a condition ( self-love1 ease1 pride & pleasure1 foll[+ no?+ less ?an ! maxims ( ! religion :i* !y pr(ess4 ,b let u leave ^! p :o "k n :at virtue is1 & exam9e ! div9ity ( _! ,ma/]4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,( ! ,div9ity ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,i4 ,aft] hav+ exam9$ 8 policy & morals we h se5 no?+ m ,div9e ?an 9 ! writ+s & conduct ( ! anci5ts4 ,let u see if ! reputation :i* foll[$ him aft] 8 dea? is an evid5ce t he 0 ,god4 ,mank9d is s accu/om$ to false reason+ t ,i am a/oni%$ t any "o c rea* a sane conclusion f _! conduct4 ,exp]i5ce %[s t !re is no?+ !y foll[$ t is 9 any wise true1 & t no?+ has be5 done or said by !m :i* gives any evid5ce ( /ability4 ,9 ! mean:ile x is c]ta9 t common op9ions are cont9ually surr\nd$ ) *im]as not)/&+ ! ef=ts ( ! le>n$1 :i* h always oppos$ !m4 ,:atev] c>e has be5 tak5 to extirpate follies ! p h nev] ab&on$ !m only aft] hav+ be5 surfeit$ ) !m4 ,moses 0 pr\d to boa/ himself ! ,lieut5ant ( ! ,"l ( ,lords1 & to prove 8 mission by extraord9>y signs4 ,if ev] s little he abs5t$ himself 7:i* he did f "t to "t to conf]1 z he said1 ) 8 ,god1 z ,numa & o!r lawgiv]s also did7 he only f\nd on 8 return traces ( ! wor%ip ( ! ,gods :i* ! ,israelites _h se5 9 ,egypt4 ,he successfully held !m =ty ye>s 9 ! wild]ness t !y might lose ! idea ( ^? !y _h ab&on$1 & n be+ yet satisfi$ !y obey$ him :o l$ !m1 & bore firmly :atev] h>d%ip !y 7 caus$ to suff] 9 ?is reg>d4 ,only ! hatr$ :i* !y _h conceiv$ = o!r nations1 by an arrogance ( :i* mo/ idiots are susceptible1 made !m ins5sibly =get ! ,gods ( ,egypt & atta* !mselves to ^? ( ,moses :om !y ador$1 & sometimes ) all ! circum/ance m>k$ 9 ! laws4 ,b :5 !y quitt$ ^! conditions little by little to foll[ ^? ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,i _c see :at incon/ancy caus$ !m to run aft] ! novelty & *ange4 ,,ii4 ,! mo/ ignorant ,hebrews hav+ giv5 ! mo/ vogue to ! law ( ,moses 7 ! fir/ to run aft] ,jesus1 & z _! numb] 0 inf9ite & !y enc\rag$ ea* o!r1 x is n m>vell\s t ^! errors spread s easily4 ,x is n t novelty does n always beget suff]+1 b x is ! glory t is expect$ t "o hopes w smoo? ! difficulties4 ,?us ! ,disciples ( ,jesus1 mis]able z !y 71 r$uc$ at times to n\ri% !mselves ) gra9s ( corn :i* !y ga!r$ f ! fields 7,luke vi41 #a71 & see+ !mselves %amefully exclud$ f places :]e !y ?\ght to ent] to ease _! fatigue 7,luke ix41 #eb-ec7 !y began to be disc\rag$ ) liv+2 _! ,ma/] be+ )\t ! pale ( ! law & unable to give !m ! b5efits1 glory & gr&eur :i* he _h promis$ !m4 ,aft] 8 dea? 8 disciples1 9 despair at see+ _! hopes fru/rat$1 & pursu$ by ! ,jews :o wi%$ to treat !m z !y _h treat$ _! ,ma/]1 made a virtue ( necessity & scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry1 :]e by ! report ( "s wom5 7,john xx1 #ah7 !y told ( 8 resurrection1 8 div9e affiliation & ! re/ ( ! fables ) :i* ! ,gospels are fill$4 #dd ,! tr\ble :i* !y _h to make progress among ! ,jews made !m resolve to pass among ! ,g5tiles1 & try to s]ve !mselves bett] among !m2 b z x 0 necess>y to h m le>n+ = t ?an !y possess$--! ,g5tiles be+ philosoph]s & too mu* 9 love ) tru? to resort to trifles--!y ga9$ ov] a "y man 7,saul or ,/4 ,paul7 ( an active & eag] m9d & a little bett] in=m$ ?an ! simple fi%]m5 or ?an ! great] babbl]s :o associat$ ) !m4 ,a /roke f ,heav5 made him bl9d1 z is said 7)\t ?is ! trick w\ld h be5 useless7 & ?is incid5t = a "t attract$ "s weak s\ls4 #de ,by ! fe> ( ,hell1 tak5 f "s ( ! fables ( ! anci5t poets1 & by ! hope ( a glori\s ,resurrection & a ,p>adise :i* is h>dly m supportable ?an t ( ,mahomet2 all ^! procur$ = _! ,ma/] ! honor ( pass+ = a ,god1 :i* he himself 0 unable to obta9 :ile liv+4 ,9 :i* ?is k9d ( ,jesus 0 no bett] ?an ,hom]3 six cities :i* _h driv5 ! latt] out ) contempt & scorn dur+ 8 life1 disput$ ) ea* o!r aft] 8 dea? to det]m9e ) :om rema9$ ! honor ( hav+ be5 8 bir?-place4 ,by ?is x may be se5 t ,*ri/ianity dep5ds1 l all o!r ?+s1 on ! caprice ( m51 9 ^: op9ion all passes ei!r = good or bad1 accord+ z ! notion /rikes !m4 ,fur!r1 if ,jesus 0 ,god1 no?+ c\ld resi/ him1 = ,/4 ,paul 7,romans1 v4 #ai71 is witness t no?+ c\ld ov]come 8 w4 ,yet ?is passage is directly oppos$ to ano!r 9 ,g5esis 7iv1 #g71 :]e x is said t z ! desires & appetites ( man belong to him1 :o is ! ,ma/]1 s x is agre$ to accord free-w to ! ma/] ( animals1 t is to say1 man1 = :om x is said ,god has creat$ ! univ]se4 ,b )\t w&]+ 9 a maze ( errors & positive contradictions1 ( :i* we h disc\rs$ suffici5tly1 let u say some?+ ( ,mahomet1 :o f\nd$ a law ^u maxims totally oppos$ to ^? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,( ,mahomet4 ,i4 ,h>dly _h ! ,disciples ( ,jesus ab&on$ ! ,mosaic law to introduce ! ,*ri/ian1 ?an mank9d1 ) _! usual caprice & ord9>y incon/ancy1 sudd5ly *ang$ _! s5tim5ts1 & all ! ,ea/ 0 se5 embrac+ ! s5tim5ts ( ! celebrat$ ,arius1 :o _h ! boldness to oppose ! fable ( ,jesus1 & prove t he 0 no m a ,god ?an any o!r man4 ,?us ,*ri/ianity 0 almo/ aboli%$1 & !re appe>$ a new law-giv]1 :o1 9 less ?an t5 ye>s "t1 =m$ a consid]able sect4 ,?is 0 ,mahomet4 #df ,to be well acqua9t$ ) him1 x mu/ be kn[n t ! "p ( ,arabia :]e he 0 born1 0 commonly call$ ! ,happy1 by reason ( its f]tility1 & be+ inhabit$ by p :o =m$ sev]al ,republics1 ea* ,republic be+ a family call$ a tribe1 & hav+ = its head ! *ief ( ! pr9cipal family1 among ^? :i* compos$ ! tribe4 ,t 9 :i* ,mahomet 0 born 0 nam$ ! ,tribe ( ,korei%1 ( :i* ! pr9cipal family 0 t ( ,ha%em1 ( :i* ! *ief 0 !n a c]ta9 ,abdul ,motallab1 #dg gr&fa!r ( ,mahomet1 ^: fa!r1 elde/ son ( ,abdul ,motallab1 0 nam$ ,abdallah4 #dg ,?is tribe inhabit$ ! %ores ( ! ,r$ sea1 & ,abdul ,motallab 0 ,high ,prie/ ( ! ,temple ( ,mecca :]e 7 wor%ipp$ ! ,idols ( ! c\ntry4 ,z ,*ief ( 8 ,tribe he 0 ,pr9ce ( ?is c\ntry 9 :i* quality he _h su/a9$ ! w> aga9/ ! ,k+ ( ,p]sia & ! ,emp]or ( ,e?iopia1 :i* %[s t ,mahomet 0 n ( ! riff-raff ( ! p4 ,8 fa!r dy+ be=e 8 gr&fa!r1 8 t5d] ye>s caus$ him to lose ! rights he _h to ! ,sov]eignty1 :i* "o ( 8 uncles usurp$4 ,x 0 = ?is reason1 n be+ able to succe$ to ! title ( ,pr9ce1 t he 0 r$uc$ to ! humble condition ( %op-boy 9 ! employ ( a weal?y wid[ = :om he became aft]w>ds factor4 ,hav+ f\nd him to h] lik+ %e m>ri$ him & made him "o ( ! ri*e/ citiz5s ( ,mecca4 ,he 0 !n ab\t #cj ye>s ( age1 & see+ at h& ! means to en=ce 8 rights1 8 ambitions awak5$1 & he m$itat$ 9 :at mann] he c\ld re-e/abli% himself 9 ! dignity ( 8 gr&fa!r4 ,! correspond5ce t he _h _h ) ,*ri/ians 9 ,egypt & ,jews 9 ,judea1 :]e he _h trad$ a long "t = 8 wife :ile he 0 only h] factor1 gave him an opportunity ( kn[+ :o ,moses 0 & also ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,he also _h rem>k$ into h[ _m diff]5t sects _! ,religion 0 divid$1 & :i* produc$ su* div]sity ( op9ions1 & ! zeal ( ea* sect4 ,by ?is he pr(it$1 & he believ$ he c\ld bett] succe$ 9 ! int]e/ ( e/abli%+ a new ,religion4 ,! conditions ( ! "t :5 he =m$ ?is design 7 v favorable to him1 = ne>ly all ( ! ,arabs1 disgu/$ ) ! wor%ip ( _! ,idols1 7 fall5 into a species ( ,a!ism4 ,?us ,mahomet began by lead+ a retir$ life1 be+ exempl>y1 seek+ solitude1 & pass+ ! great] "p ( ! day 9 pray]s & m$itations4 ,he caus$ himself to be admir$ = 8 mode/ demeanor1 & comm5c$ to speak ( revelations & visions4 ,by su* action is ga9$ ! cr$5ce ( ! populace1 & by su* me?ods ,moses & ,jesus comm5c$4 ,he call$ himself a prophet & an envoy ( ,god1 & hav+ z mu* skill z 8 pr$ecessors 9 work+ miracles1 he soon ga9$ att5tion1 !n admiration1 & soon aft] ! confid5ce ( ! p4 ,a ,jew & a ,*ri/ian monk :o 7 9 8 conspiracy aid$ him 9 8 dextr\s moves1 & he soon became p[]ful en\gh to resi/ a vigor\s man nam$ ,corais1 a le>n$ ,arab1 :o endeavor$ to expose 8 impo/ure4 ,dur+ ?is "t 8 uncle1 ! gov]nor ( ,mecca1 di$1 & n be+ yet /rong en\gh to assume ! au?ority ( sov]eign1 he 0 oblig$ to yield to "o ( 8 k9sm5 :o1 p5etrat+ 8 designs1 oblig$ him to flee f ,mecca & take refuge at ,m$9a1 :]e "o p>ty 9 ! city :o 7 ,arian ,*ri/ians jo9$ him4 ,!n he ceas$ to support 8 au?ority by argum5t1 & p]suad$ 8 disciples to plant ! ,mussulman fai? at ! po9t ( ! sword4 ,hav+ /r5g!n$ 8 p>ty by alliances1 m>ry+ 8 daught]s to f\r ( ! pr9cipal citiz5s ( ,m$9a1 he 0 9 condition to place armies 9 ! field :o subjugat$ ! v>i\s tribes1 "o aft] ! o!r1 & ) :om he f9ally seiz$ ,mecca4 ,he did n die until aft] he _h accompli%$ 8 purpose by 8 hypocrisy & impo/ure1 :i* elevat$ him to ! dignity ( sov]eign1 :i* he transmitt$ to 8 successors1 & 8 fai? s well e/abli%$ t !re has be5 no evid5ce ( its failure = six hundr$ ye>s1 & yet x may be ^u ! eve ( its de/ruction4 ,,ii4 ,?us ,mahomet 0 m =tunate ?an ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,aft] hav+ labor$ dur+ tw5ty-?ree ye>s 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( 8 ,law & ,religion1 he saw its progress be=e 8 dea?1 & hav+ an assurance :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ _h n1 t x w\ld exi/ a long "t aft] 8 dea?1 s9ce he prud5tly accommodat$ ! g5ius & passions ( 8 foll[]s4 ,su* 0 ! la/ ( ^! ?ree impo/ors4 ,moses ?rew himself into an abyss by an excess ( ambition to cause himself to be believ$ immortal4 ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ignom9i\sly hung up betwe5 two ?ieves1 be+ cov]$ ) %ame z a recomp5se = 8 impo/ure1 & la/ly1 ,mahomet di$ 9 reality 9 8 own b$1 & 9 ! mid/ ( gr&eur1 b ) 8 b[els consum$ by poison giv5 him by a "y ,jewess1 to det]m9e if he really 0 a prophet4 ,?is is all t c be said ( ^! f\r #dh celebrat$ impo/ors4 ,!y 7 j z we h pa9t$ !m aft] nature1 & )\t giv+ any false %ad+ to _! portraits1 t x may be judg$ if !y m]it$ any confid5ce1 & if x is excusable to be l$ by ^! guides1 :om ambition & trick]y h elevat$1 & :om ignorance has de/roy$4 ,,s5sible ,,& ,,obvi\s ,,tru?s4 ,i4 ,x is n suffici5t to h discov]$ ! disease if we d n apply a rem$y4 ,x w\ld be bett] to leave ! sick man 9 ignorance4 ,error c only be cur$ by ,tru?1 & s9ce ,moses1 ,jesus & ,mahomet 7 :at we h repres5t$ !m1 we %\ld n seek 9 _! writ+s = ! v]itable idea ( ! ,div9ity4 ,! app>itions & ! div9e con=mation ( ! =m] & ! latt]1 & ! div9e filiation ( ! second1 are suffici5t to conv9ce u t all is b impo/ure4 ,,ii4 ,god is ei!r a natural be+ or "o ( inf9ite ext5t :o resembles :at he conta9s1 t is to say1 t he is mat]ial )\t be+1 nev]!less1 nei!r j nor m]ciful1 nor jeal\s1 nor a ,god 9 any way z may be imag9$1 & z a consequ5ce is nei!r a puni%] nor a remun]ator4 ,?is idea ( puni%m5t & recomp5se only exi/s 9 ! m9ds ( ! ignorant :o only conceive t simple be+ call$ ,god1 "u images :i* by no means repres5t him4 ,^? :o use _! und]/&+ )\t conf\nd+ its op]ations ) ^? ( ! imag9ation1 & :o are p[]ful en\gh to ab&on ! prejudice ( a limit$ education1 are ! only ones :o h s\nd1 cle> & di/9ct ideas4 ,!y consid] him z ! s\rce ( all be+s :i* are produc$ )\t di/9ction3 "o be+ no m ?an ano!r 9 ,8 reg>d1 & man no m difficult to produce ?an a worm or a fl[]4 ,,iii4 ,t is :y x is n to be believ$ t ?is natural & inf9ite be+ :i* is commonly call$ ,god1 e/eems man m ?an an ant1 or a lion m ?an a /one1 or any o!r be+ m ?an a phantasy1 or :o has any reg>d = beauty or ugl9ess1 = good or bad1 = ! p]fect or imp]fect4 ,or t he desires to be prais$1 pray$1 s\ght = or c>ess$1 or t he c>es :at m5 are1 or say1 :e!r susceptible ( love or hate1 or 9 a ^w t he ?9ks m ( man ?an ( any o!r creatures ( :atev] nature !y be4 ,all ^! di/9ctions are only ! inv5tion ( a n>r[ m9d1 t is to say1 ignorance has creat$ !m & int]e/ keeps !m alive4 ,,iv4 ,?us !re is no good s5sible man :o c be conv9c$ ( hell1 a s\l1 spirits or devils1 9 ! mann] ( :i* !y are commonly spok54 ,all ^! great s5seless words h only be5 contriv$ to delude or intimidate ! p4 ,let ^? !n :o wi% to "k ! tru? read :at foll[s1 ) a lib]al _s & an int5tion to only give _! judgm5t ) delib]ation4 ,v4 ,! myriads ( />s t we see above u are all[$ to be s _m solid bodies :i* move1 & among :i* !re is n "o design$ z ! ,c\rt ,div9e :]e ,god is l a ,k+ 9 ! mid/ ( 8 c\rti]s2 :i* is ! abode ( ! ble/1 & :]e all good s\ls fly aft] leav+ ?is body & _w4 ,b )\t burd5+ ourselves ) su* a rude & ill-conceiv$ op9ion1 & t x may n be ent]ta9$ by any man ( good s5se1 x is c]ta9 t :at is call$ ,heav5 is no?+ b ! cont9uation ( our atmosph]e1 m subtile & m ref9$1 :]e ! />s move )\t be+ su/a9$ by any solid mass m ?an ! ,e>? on :i* we live1 & :i* l ! />s is susp5d$ 9 ! mid/ ( space4 ,,vi4 ,z may be imag9$1 a ,heav5 int5d$ = ! et]nal abode ( ! happy & ( ,god1 0 ! same among ! ,pagans4 ,gods & goddesses 7 also repres5t$ 9 ! same way1 also a ,hell or a subt]ranean place :]e x 0 pret5d$ t ! wick$ s\ls desc5d$ to be torm5t$4 ,b ?is ^w hell tak5 9 its prop] & natural signification means no?+ b a l[] place1 :i* poets h inv5t$ to oppose ! dwell+ ( ! cele/ial inhabitants1 :o are said to be v sublime & exalt$4 ,t is :at ! ,lat9 ^w ,inf]nus or inf]i signifies1 & also ! ,greek ^w admc #di1 t is to say1 an obscure place l ! sepul*re1 or any o!r l[ & hidd5 place4 ,all ! re/ ( :at has be5 said is only pure fiction & ! inv5tion ( poets ^: symbolical disc\rses are tak5 lit]ally by feeble1 timid & melan*oly m9ds1 z well z by ^? :o are int]e/$ 9 su/a9+ ?is op9ion4 ,,( ,,! ,,s\l4 ,i4 ,! ,s\l is some?+ m delicate & m difficult to treat ( ?an ei!r ,heav5 or ,hell4 ,t is :y x is prop] to satisfy ,y\r ,maje/y's curiosity1 to speak ( x a little m at l5g?4 ,be=e say+ :at ,i desire on ?is subject1 ,i w recall 9 a few words :at ! mo/ celebrat$ ,philosoph]s h ?\ght ( x4 ,,ii4 ,"s h said t ! ,s\l is a _s or an immat]ial sub/ance2 o!rs1 a k9d ( div9ity2 "s1 a v subtile air1 & o!rs a h>mony ( all p>ts ( ! body4 ,aga91 o!rs h rem>k$ t x is ! mo/ subtile & f9e "p ( ! blood1 :i* is sep>at$ f x 9 ! bra9 & is di/ribut$ by ! n]ves3 s t ! s\rce ( ! ,s\l is ! he>t :]e x is produc$1 & ! place :]e x p]=ms its noble/ function is ! ,bra91 because !re x is well purifi$ f ! gross] p>ts ( ! blood4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal op9ions :i* h be5 held conc]n+ ! ,s\l1 b to r5d] !m m p]ceptible let u divide !m into mat]ial & spiritual1 & "n ! support]s ( ea* !ory t we may n err4 ,,iii4 ,py?agoras & ,plato h said t ! s\l is spiritual1 t is to say1 a be+ capable ( exi/5ce )\t ! aid ( ! body1 & c move itself3 t all ! p>ticul> s\ls ( animals are portions ( ! univ]sal s\l ( ! _w3 t ^! portions are spiritual & immortal1 & ( ! same nature1 z we may conceive t "o hundr$ little fires are ( ! same nature z ! great fire at :i* !y h be5 k9dl$4 ,,iv4 ,^! philosoph]s believ$ ! animat$ univ]se a sub/ance1 spiritual1 immortal & invisible1 pursu+ always t :i* attracts1 :i* is ! s\rce ( all movem5ts1 & ( all ,s\ls :i* are small p>ticles ( x4 ,n[1 z ,s\ls are v pure1 & inf9itely sup]ior to ! body1 !y d n unite imm$iately1 b by means ( a subtile body1 su* z flame1 or t subtile & ext5sive air :i* ! vulg> take = heav54 ,aft]w>ds !y take a body less subtile1 !n ano!r a little m impure1 & always ?us by degrees1 until !y c unite ) ! s5sible bodies ( animals1 :5ce 7sic7 !y desc5d l into dungeons or sepul*res4 ,! dea? ( ! body1 !y say1 is ! life ( ! s\l :]e9 x 0 buri$1 & :]e x ex]cises b weakly its mo/ beautiful functions4 ,?us at ! dea? ( ! body ! s\l comes out ( its prison untrammell$ by matt]1 & reunites ) ! s\l ( ! univ]se1 f :5ce x came4 ,?us1 foll[+ ?is ?\ght1 all ! ,s\ls ( animals are ( ! same nature1 & ! div]sity ( _! functions comes only f ! diff]5ce 9 ! bodies t !y ent]4 ,ari/otle admits fur!r1 a univ]sal und]/&+ common to all be+s1 & :i* acts 9 reg>d to p>ticul> intellig5ces z light does 9 reg>d to ! eyes2 & z light makes objects visible1 ! univ]sal und]/&+ makes objects intelligible4 ,?is philosoph] def9es ! ,s\l z t :i* makes u live1 feel1 ?9k & move1 b he does n say :at ! ,be+ is t is ! s\rce & pr9ciple ( ^! noble functions1 & consequ5tly we mu/ n look to him to dispel ! d\bt :i* exi/s conc]n+ ! ,nature ( ! ,s\l4 ,v4 ,dice>*us1 ,asclesiade 78 ,esculapius71 & 9 "s ways ,gal51 h also believ$ ! s\l to be incorporeal1 b 9 ano!r mann]1 = !y h said t x is no?+ m ?an ! h>mony ( all p>ts ( ! body1 t is to say1 t :i* results 9 an exact bl5d+ & disposition ( ! humors & spirits4 ,?us1 !y say1 heal? is n a "p ( him :o is well1 h[ev] x be 8 condition1 s t1 h[ev]1 ! s\l be 9 ! animal1 x is n "o ( its p>ts1 b a mutual accord ( all ( :i* x is compos$4 ,on :i* x is rem>k$ t ^! au?ors believe ! s\l to be incorporeal1 on a pr9ciple q oppos$ to _! int5t1 by say+ t x is n a body1 b only some?+ insep>ably atta*$ to a body1 t is to say1 9 good reason+1 t x is q corporeal1 s9ce corporeality is n only t :i* is a body1 b all :i* is =m or accid5t t _c be sep>at$ f matt]4 ,^! are ! philosoph]s :o h believ$ ! s\l incorporeal or immat]ial1 :o1 z y see1 are n 9 accord ) !mselves1 & consequ5tly d n m]it any belief4 ,let u n[ consid] ^? :o h av[$ x to be a body4 ,,vi4 ,diog5es believ$ t x 0 =m$ ( air1 f :i* he has inf]r$ ! necessity ( brea?+1 & def9es x z an air :i* passes f ! m\? ?r\gh ! lungs to ! he>t1 :]e x is w>m$1 & f :5ce x is di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! entire body4 ,leucippus & ,democritus h claim$ t x 0 ,fire1 z t elem5t is compos$ ( atoms :i* easily p5etrate all p>ts ( ! body1 & makes x move4 ,hippocrates has said t x is a composition ( wat] & fire4 ,emp$ocles says t x includes ! f\r elem5ts4 ,epicurus believ$ l ,democritus1 t ! s\l is compos$ ( fire1 b he adds t 9 t composition !re ent]s "s air1 a vapor1 & ano!r nameless sub/ance ( :i* is =m$ a v subtile _s1 :i* spreads ?r\gh ! body & & :i* is call$ ! s\l4 ,,vii4 ,n to %uffle1 z all ^! philosoph]s h done1 & to h z p]fect an idea z is possible ( ! s\ls ( animals1 let u admit t 9 all1 )\t except+ man1 x is ( ! same nature1 & has no diff]5t functions1 b by reason ( ! div]sity ( organs & humors2 h5ce we mu/ believe :at foll[s4 ,x is c]ta9 t !re is 9 ! univ]se a v subtile _s1 or a v delicate matt]1 & always 9 motion1 ! s\rce ( :i* is 9 ! ,sun1 & ! rema9d] is spread 9 all ! o!r bodies1 m or less1 accord+ to ,nature or _! consi/5cy4 ,t is ! ,s\l ( ! ,univ]se :i* gov]ns & vivifies x1 & ( :i* "s portion is di/ribut$ among all ! p>ts t compose x4 ,?is ,s\l1 & ! mo/ pure ,fire :i* is 9 ! univ]se does n burn ( itself1 b by ! diff]5t movem5ts t x gives to ! p>ticles ( o!r bodies :]e x ent]s1 x burns & reflects its heat4 ,! visible fire has m ( ?is _s ?an air1 ! latt] m ?an wat]1 & ! e>? mu* less ?an ! latt]4 ,among ! mix$ bodies1 plants h m ?an m9]als1 & animals m ?an ei!r4 ,to conclude1 ?is fire be+ enclos$ 9 ! body1 x is r5d]$ capable ( ?\ght1 & t is :at is call$ ! s\l1 or :at is call$ animal spirits1 :i* are spread 9 all p>ts ( ! body4 ,n[1 x is c]ta9 t ?is s\l be+ ( ! same nature 9 all animals1 disp]ses at ! dea? ( man 9 ! same mann] z 9 o!r animals1 f :5ce x foll[s t :at ,poets & ,!ologians s+ or prea* ( ! o!r _w1 is a *im]a :i* !y h inv5t$1 & :i* !y n>rate = reasons t are easy to guess4 ,,( ,,spirits ,,:i* ,,are ,,call$ ,,demons4 ,i4 ,we h fully comm5t$ on h[ ! belief 9 ,spirits 0 introduc$ among m51 & h[ ^! ,spirits 7 b phantoms :i* exi/$ 9 _! imag9ation4 ,! anci5t ,philosoph]s 7 n suffici5tly cle> to expla9 to ! p :at ^! phantoms 71 & did n all[ !mselves to say t !y c\ld raise !m4 ,"s see+ t ^! phantoms dissolv$ & _h no consi/5cy1 call$ !m immat]ial1 incorporeal1 =ms )\t matt]1 or colors & figures1 )\t be+1 nev]!less1 bodies ei!r color$ or def9$1 add+ t !y c\ld cov] !mselves ) air l a mantle :5 !y wi%$ to r5d] !mselves visible to ! eyes ( m54 ,o!rs said t !y 7 animat$ bodies1 b 7 compos$ ( air1 or "s o!r m subtile matt] :i* cond5s$ at _! w :5 !y wi%$ to appe>4 ,,ii4 ,^! two k9ds ( ,philosoph]s be+ oppos$ 9 ! op9ion :i* !y _h ( phantoms1 agre$ 9 ! "n :i* !y gave !m1 = all call$ !m ,demons1 9 :i* !y 7 b little m enlight5$ ?an ^? :o believ$ !y saw 9 _! sleep ! s\ls ( ! dead1 & t x is _! s\l :i* !y see :5 !y look 9 a mirror1 & :o also believ$ t !y saw 7reflect$7 9 ! wat] ! s\ls ( ! />s4 ,aft] ?is fooli% fancy !y fell into an error :i* is h>dly less supportable1 t is1 ! curr5t idea t ^! phantoms _h inf9ite p[]4 ,an absurd b ord9>y belief ) ! ignorant :o imag9$ t :atev] !y did n und]/& 0 an inf9ite p[]4 ,,iii4 ,?is ridicul\s op9ion 0 no soon] publi%$ ?an ! ,sov]eigns began to use x to support _! p[]4 ,!y e/abli%$ a belief conc]n+ spirits :i* !y call$ ,religion1 s t ! fe> :i* ! p possess$ = invisible p[]s w\ld hold !m to _! ob$i5ce4 ,to h x c>ry m influ5ce !y di/+ui%$ ! demons z good & bad4 ,! latt] to enc\rage m5 to obey _! laws1 & ! =m] to re/ra9 & prev5t !m f infr++ !m4 ,n[ to le>n :at ^! demons 7 x is only necess>y to read ! ,greek poets & _! hi/ories1 & above all :at ,hesiod says 9 8 ,!ogony :]e he fully treats ( ! orig9 & propagation ( ! ,gods4 ,,iv4 ,! ,greeks 7 ! fir/ :o inv5t$ !m1 & by !m !y 7 propagat$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( _! colonies1 & _! conque/s 9 ,asia1 ,egypt & ,italy4 ,! ,jews :o 7 disp]s$ 9 ,alex&ria & else:]e got _! acqua9tance ) !m f ! ,greeks4 ,!y us$ !m z effectively z ! o!r peoples b ) ?is diff]5ce1 !y did n call !m ,demons l ! ,greeks1 b good & bad spirits2 res]v+ = ! good ,demons ! "n ( ,_s ( ,god1 & call+ ^? ,prophets :o 7 said to possess ?is good _s call$ ! ,div9e1 :i* !y held z responsible = great bless+s1 & cacodaemons or ,evil spirits on ! contr>y ^? :i* 7 provocative ( great ,evil4 ,v4 ,?is di/9ction ( good & evil made !m "n z ,demoniacs ^? :om we call lunatics1 vision>ies1 madm5 & epileptics1 & ^? :o spoke to !m 9 an unkn[n tongue4 ,a man ill-%ap$ & ( evil look 0 to _! notion possess$ ( an unclean _s1 & a mute ( a dumb _s4 ,n[1 ^! words _s & demon became s famili> to !m t !y spoke ( !m on all occasions1 s t x is evid5t t ! ,jews believ$ l ! ,greeks1 t ^! phantoms 7 n m]e *im]as & visions1 b real be+s t exi/$ indep5d5t ( imag9ation4 ,,vi4 ,s x happ5s t ! ,bible is q fill$ ) ^! words ,spirits1 ,demons & ,fi5ds1 b n[h]e is x said :5 !y 7 fir/ kn[n1 nor ! "t ( _! creation1 :i* is h>dly p>donable 9 ,moses1 :o is e>ne/ 9 depict+ ! ,creation ( ,heav51 ,e>? & ,man4 ,no m !n is ,jesus ,*ri/ :o _h su* close intimacy ) !m1 :o comm&$ !m s absolutely accord+ to ! ,gospel1 & :o spoke s (t5 ( angels & good & bad spirits1 b )\t say+ :e!r !y 7 corporeal or spiritual2 :i* makes x pla9 t he knew no m ?an ! ,greeks _h taught o!r nations1 9 :i* he is n less culpable ?an = d5y+ to all m5 ! virtue ( fai? & piety :i* he pr(ess$ to be able to give !m4 ,b to return to ! ,spirits4 ,x is c]ta9 t ! words ,demon1 ,satan & ,devil1 are n prop] names :i* designat$ any individual1 & :i* nev] h any cr$5ce b among ! ignorant2 z mu* among ! ,greeks :o inv5t$ !m1 z among ! ,jews :]e !y 7 tol]at$4 ,s ! latt] be+ ov]run by !m gave !m names--:i* signifi$ enemy1 accus]1 inquisitor1--z well to invisible p[]s z to _! own adv]s>ies1 ! ,g5tiles1 :om !y said inhabit$ ! ,k+dom ( ,satan2 !re be+ none b !mselves1 9 _! own op9ion1 :o dwelt 9 t ( ,god4 ,,vii4 ,z ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a ,jew1 & consequ5tly imbu$ ) ^! silly op9ions1 we read ev]y:]e 9 ! ,gospels1 & 9 ! writ+s ( 8 ,disciples1 ( ! ,devil1 ( ,satan & ,hell z if !y 7 some?+ real & effective4 ,:ile x is true1 z we h %[n1 t !re is no?+ m imag9>y1 & :5 :at we h said is n suffici5t to prove x1 b two words w suffice to conv9ce ! mo/ ob/9ate4 ,all ,*ri/ians agree unanim\sly t ,god is ! fir/ pr9ciple & ! f\ndation ( all ?+s1 t he has creat$ & pres]ves !m1 & )\t 8 support !y w\ld fall into no?+ness4 ,foll[+ ?is pr9ciple x is c]ta9 t ,god mu/ h creat$ :at is call$ ! ,devil1 & ,satan1 z well z ! re/1 & if he has creat$ bo? good & evil1 :y n all ! balance1 & if by ?is pr9ciple all evil exi/s1 x c only be by ! int]v5tion ( ,god4 ,n[ c "o conceive t ,god w\ld ma9ta9 a creature1 n only :o curses him unceas+ly1 & :o mortally hates him1 b ev5 :o endeavors to corrupt 8 fri5ds1 to h ! pleasure ( be+ curs$ by a multitude ( m\?s4 ,h[ c we compreh5d t ,god %\ld pres]ve ! ,devil to h him d 8 wor/ to de?rone him if he c\ld1 & to ali5ate f 8 s]vice 8 elect & 8 favorites8 ,:at w\ld be ! object ( ,god 9 su* conduct8 ,n[ :at c we say 9 speak+ ( ! ,devil & ,hell4 ,if ,god does all1 & no?+ c be done )\t him h[ does x happ5 t ! ,devil hates him1 curses him1 & takes away 8 fri5ds8 ,n[ he is ei!r agreeable1 or he is n4 ,if he is agreeable1 x is c]ta9 t ! ,devil 9 curs+ him only does :at he %\ld1 s9ce he c only d :at ,god wills4 ,consequ5tly1 x is n ! ,devil1 b ,god 9 p]son :o curses himself2 a situation to my idea m absurd ?an ev]4 ,if x is n 9 accord ) 8 w !n x is n true t he is all p[]ful4 ,?us !re are two pr9ciples1 "o ( ,good1 ! o!r ( ,evil1 "o :i* causes "o ?+ & ! o!r t does q ! contr>y4 ,to :at does ?is reason+ lead u8 ,to av[ )\t contradiction t !re is no ,god su* z is conceiv$1 nor ,devil1 nor ,s\l1 nor ,p>adise1 su* z has be5 depict$1 & t ! ,!ologians1 t is to say1 ^? :o relate fables = tru?1 are p]sons ( bad fai? :o malici\sly abuse ! cr$ulity ( ! ignorant by tell+ !m :at !y please1 z if ! p 7 capable ( no?+ b *im]a or :o %\ld be f$ ) insipid food 9 :i* is f\nd only empt9ess1 no?+ness & folly1 & n a gra9 ( ! salt ( tru? & wisdom4 ,c5turies h pass$1 "o aft] ! o!r1 9 :i* mank9d has be5 infatuat$ by ^! absurd imag9ations :i* h be5 combatt$2 b dur+ all ! p]iod !re h also be5 f\nd s9c]e m9ds :o h writt5 aga9/ ! inju/ice ( ! ,doctors 9 ,ti>as1 ,mitres & ,g[ns1 :o h kept mank9d 9 su* deplorable bl9dness :i* seems to increase e day4 ,,f9is4 ,by p]mission ( ! ,"l ,b>on de ,hoh5dorf ,i h compil$ ?is epitome out ( ! manuscript ,libr>y ( 8 ,mo/ ,augu/ ,highness1 ,duke ,eug5e ( ,sabaudio1 9 ! ye> #agaf4 ,,app5dicitis4 ,a ,,disease ,,common ,,to ,,ne>ly ,,all ,,works ,,( ,,?is ,,"*1 ,,& ,,:i* ,,condition ,,is ,,pa/ ,,all ,,surg]y4 ,ano!r sket* ( ,mahomet translat$ f ! ,edition en ,suisse1 #agic1 & :i* may int]e/ wor%ipp]s ( ,arabian my/]ies evolv$ f imag9ative bra9s1 t9ctur$ ) extracts f ,?ory's ,ada ,latomorum1 & simil> works1 & embelli%$ ) effects f ,mi*ael ,/rog(f4 ,,xxii4 ,( ,mahomet4 ,h>dly _h ! disciples ( ,*ri/ aboli%$ ! ,mosaic law to introduce ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation1 ?an mank9d1 c>ri$ away by =ce1 & by _! ord9>y incon/ancy1 foll[$ a new law-giv]1 :o advanc$ himself by ! same me?ods z ,moses4 ,he assum$1 l him1 ! title ( prophet1 & envoy ( ,god1 l him he p]=m$ miracles & knew h[ to pr(it by ! passions ( ! p4 ,fir/ he 0 accompani$ by an ignorant rabble1 to :om he expla9$ ! new oracles ( heav54 ,^! un=tunates1 s$uc$ by ! promises & fables ( ?is new impo/or1 spread 8 r5[n & exalt$ him to a height t eclips$ 8 pr$ecessors4 ,mahomet 0 n a man :o appe>$ capable ( f\nd+ an empire1 z he excell$ nei!r 9 politics #ej nor philosophy2 9 fact1 c\ld nei!r read nor write4 ,he _h s little firmness t he w\ld (t5 h ab&on$ 8 ent]prise _h he n be5 =c$ to p]si/ 9 8 und]tak+ by ! skill ( "o ( 8 foll[]s4 ,f t "t he comm5c$ to rise & become celebrat$4 ,corais1 a p[]ful ,arab1 jeal\s t a man ( 8 bir? %\ld h ! audacity to deceive ! p1 decl>$ himself 8 enemy1 & attempt$ to cross 8 ent]prise1 b ! p p]suad$ t ,mahomet _h cont9ual conf]5ces ) ,god & 8 angels caus$ him to prevail ov] 8 enemy4 ,! tribe ( ,corais 7 at a disadvantage & ,mahomet see+ himself foll[$ by a crazy cr[d :o ?\ght him a div9e man1 ?\ght he w\ld h no ne$ ( a companion1 b fe>+ t ! latt] 7,corais7 might expose 8 impo/ures he tri$ to prev5t x1 & to d x m c]ta9ly he ov]:elm$ him ) promises1 & swore to him t he wi%$ only to become great by %>+ ! p[] to :i* he _h contribut$4 ,we h rea*$1 said he1 ! mom5t ( our elevation1 we are sure ( ! great multitude we h ga9$1 & we mu/ n[ assure ourselves by ! artifice y h s happily conceiv$4 ,at ! same "t he induc$ him to hide himself 9 ! cave ( oracles4 ,!re 0 a dri$-up well f :i* he made ! p believe t ! voice ( ,god decl>$ himself = ,mahomet1 :o 0 9 ! mid/ ( 8 proselytes4 ,deceiv$ by ! c>esses ( ?is traitor1 8 associate w5t into ! well to c\nt]feit ! oracle z usual2 ,mahomet !n pass+ by at ! head ( an infatuat$ multitude a voice 0 he>d say+3 ,i :o am y\r ,god1 decl>e t ,i h e/abli%$ ,mahomet z ! prophet ( all nations3 f him y w le>n my true law :i* has be5 *ang$ by ! ,jews & ! ,*ri/ians4 ,= a long "t ?is man play$ ?is game1 b 9 ! end he 0 paid by ! greate/ & blacke/ +ratitude4 ,mahomet he>+ ! voice :i* proclaim$ him a div9e be+1 turn$ t[>ds ! p & comm&$ !m 9 ! "n ( ! ,god :o recogniz$ him z 8 prophet1 to fill ) /ones ! dit* f :5ce _h issu$ su* au!ntic te/imony 9 8 favor1 9 memory ( ! /one :i* ,jacob rais$ to m>k ! place :]e ,god appe>$ to him4 #ea ,?us p]i%$ ! un=tunate p]son :o _h contribut$ to ! elevation ( ,mahomet2 x 0 on ?is heap ( /ones t ! la/ ( ! celebrat$ prophets e/abli%$ 8 law4 ,?is f\ndation is s /able & f\nd$ 9 su* a way t aft] a ?\s& ye>s ( reign x has no appe>ance ( be+ ov]?r[n4 ,a ,,lit]al ,,translation ,,de ,,tribus ,,impo/oribus4 ,,anno ,,mdiic4 ,,zweite ,,mit ,,e9em ,,neu5 ,,vorwort ,,v]seh5e ,,auflage ,,von ,,emil ,,well]4 ,,heilbronn ,,v]lag ,,von ,,gebr4 ,,h5n+]4 #ahgf ,_m ma9ta9 t !re is a ,god1 & t he %\ld be wor%ipp$1 be=e !y und]/& ei!r :at a ,god is1 or :at x is to be1 z f> z be+ is common to bodies & spirits1 accord+ to ! di/9ction !y make2 & :at x is to wor%ip ,god1 al?\gh !y reg>d ! wor%ip ( ,god accord+ to ! /&>d ( ! honor giv5 to rul+ m54 ,:at ,god is1 !y describe accord+ to ! confession ( _! own ignorance4 ,= x is inevitable t !y decl>e h[ he diff]s f o!r ?+s by ! d5ial ( =m] conceptions4 ,!y _c compreh5d t !re is an inf9ite be+2 t is1 "o ( ^: limits !y are ignorant4 ,!re is a creator ( heav5 & e>?1 !y say1 b :o is 8 creator !y d n say1 because !y d n "k2 because !y d n und]/&4 ,"s say t he is ! orig9 ( himself & ma9ta9 t he comes f no?+ b himself4 ,we d n und]/& 8 orig9 !y say1 !re=e he has none 7:y s8 if we d n und]/& ,god himself1 is !re1 !re=e1 no ,god87 ,& ?is is ! fir/ pr9ciple ( _! ignorance4 ,!re is no progression into inf9ity2 :y n8 because ! human intellect mu/ h "s f\ndation8 because x is accu/om$ to ?is belief8 because x _c imag9e any?+ beyond its own limits8 ,z if1 inde$1 x foll[$1 t if ,i d n compreh5d inf9ity1 !re=e !re is no inf9ity4 ,& nev]!less z is kn[n f exp]i5ce1 "s among ! memb]s ( ! sects ( ,*ri/1 ?9k !re is an inf9ite progression ( div9e prop]ties or p]sons1 conc]n+ ! limitations ( :i*1 h[ev]1 !re has hi!rto be5 dispute1 & s inde$ !y ?9k t !re is a progression into inf9ity4 ,= ! son is begott5 f inf9ity1 & ! holy _s is brea!d f inf9ity4 ,?is begett+ & ?is procession goes on to inf9ity4 ,= if t begett+ or t brea?+ ( ! _s _h begun or %\ld once h ceas$1 ! conception ( et]nity w\ld be de/roy$4 ,b if y %\ld agree ) !m on ?is po9t also1 t ! creation ( man c n be prolong$ to inf9ity1 :i* !y inf]1 h[ev]1 on acc\nt ( _! f9ite m9ds1 x w n yet be evid5t :e!r o!r be+s h n be5 begott5 among ! high] p[]s1 9 a peculi> mann] & 9 great numb]1 z well z among m5 on e>?2 & :o ( ?is great numb] %\ld especially be accept$ z ,god4 ,= e religion admits t !re are ,gods :o are m$iators1 al?\gh !y are n all "u equal limitations1 :5ce t pr9ciple1 t !re mu/ be "o be+ only1 rais$ above m5 by 8 own nature1 is evid5tly demoli%$4 ,& s x w be possible to say t f a div]sity ( ,gods z creators1 a div]sity ( religions1 & a v>iety ( k9ds ( wor%ip aft]w>ds arose3 :i* ! religi\s feel+ ( ! hea!n especially employ$4 ,b z to ! objection :i* is rais$ ab\t ! murd]s & ! concub9age ( ! ,pagan ,gods1 aside f ! fact t ! ,pagans h long s9ce %[n t ^! ?+s mu/ be und]/ood z my/]ies1 simil> ?+s w be f\nd 9 o!r religions4 ,! slaught] ( _m tribes 0 p]petrat$ by ,moses & ,jo%ua at ! comm& ( ,god4 ,ev5 human sacrifice ! ,god ( ,israel dem&$ ( ,abraham1 b x 0 n c>ri$ into effect 9 ?is rem>kable case4 ,b he c\ld ei!r n h giv5 a comm&1 or ,abraham c\ld n h believ$ t x _h be5 giv5 9 e>ne/1 :i* w\ld h be5 9 itself utt]ly at v>iance ) ! nature ( ,god4 ,mahomet promises ! :ole _w z ! rew>d (f]$ by 8 religion1 & ,*ri/ians talk ab\t ! univ]sal slaught] ( _! enemies & ! subjugation ( ! foes ( ! *ur*1 :i* inde$ has n be5 insignificant1 f ! fact t ! *ur* _h ! entire control ( public affairs4 ,0 n polygamy also p]mitt$ by 7,mohamm$7 ,moses1 & z "s ma9ta91 ev5 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 by ,*ri/8 ,did n ! ,holy ,_s beget ! son ( ,god by a peculi> union ) a betro!d virg98 ,z = o!r objections :i* are made to ! pagans ab\t _! ridicul\s idols1 & _! misuse ( wor%ip1 !y are n s weighty t simil> ones c n be made to ! memb]s ( o!r sects2 nev]!less x c easily be prov$ t ^! abuses h proce$$ f ! subord9ates r ?an f ! lead]s1 f ! disciples1 r ?an f ! ma/]s ( religions4 ,b to return to ! =m] argum5t4 ,?is be+1--s9ce ! intellect limits its ext5t1--is :at "s call ,nature & o!rs ,god4 ,on ^! po9ts "s agree1 o!rs disagree4 ,"s fancy t ! worlds h exi/$ f et]nity1 & call ! connection ( ?+s ,god2 c]ta9 ones call ,god an individual be+1 :i* c be nei!r se5 or kn[n1 al?\gh among ^! disputes are n infrequ5t4 ,religion1 z f> z x conc]ns wor%ip1 "s attribute to ! fe>1 "s to ! love1 ( invisible p[]s4 ,b if ! invisible p[]s are false1 idolatry is j z ! pr9ciples ( ea* wor%ipp] dem&4 ,!y w h x t love spr+s f k9dness & ref] x to gratitude2 al?\gh nev]!less x *iefly arises f ! sympa?y ( humors4 ,! k9d de$s ( enemies inspire especially viol5t hatr$ al?\gh no "o ( ! hypocrites has d>$ to confess x4 ,b :o w\ld suppose t love arises f ! k9dness ( him :o gave to man ! *>act]i/ics ( a lion1 a be> & o!r wild bea/s t he might assume a nature contr>y to ! w ( ! creator8 ,:o1 well kn[+ ! weakness ( human nature1 plac$ be=e our prog5itors a tree1 by :i* he 0 sure !y w\ld br+ a fatal s5t5ce ^u !mselves & _! desc5dants 7z "s w h x78 ,& yet ! latt] are b\nd to wor%ip & to p]=m de$s ( gratitude1 z if = a great favor1 ,=soo?6 ,s ! ,i?acan may h x1 etc4 ,take deadly arms1 a sword = in/ance1 & if y _h ! mo/ c]ta9 =ekn[l$ge 7:i* "s claim = ,god also 9 ?is v case1 inasmu* z !re c be no *ance ) ,god7 ( ! v purpose t he1 be=e ^: eyes y place x1 w seize x & inflict on himself & all 8 desc5dants ! mo/ dreadful dea?4 7,he :o has /ill "o drop ( ! milk ( human k9dness w %udd] to d su* a de$74 ,take1 ,i say1 a sword1 y :o are a fa!r1 = in/ance1 or y :o are a fri5d2 & if y are a fa!r1 if y are a real fri5d1 pres5t x to y\r fri5d1 or y\r *ildr51 ) ! comm& t !y %\ld n run ^u x1 y =esee+ beyond all d\bt1 nev]!less1 t he w run ^u x1 & inflict on 8 *ildr5 & ^? hi!rto innoc5t1 ! mo/ dreadful dea?4 ,consid]1 y :o are a fa!r1 w\ld y d su* a ?+8 ,:at is x to make a comm& a mock]y1 if ?is is n8 ,& nev]!less ,god mu/ h giv5 su* a comm&4 ,b !y ma9ta9 t ,god %\ld be wor%ipp$ = 8 k9dness1 say+3 ,if ,god is1 he mu/ be wor%ipp$2 j z !y make ?is inf]5ce1 ! ,great ,mogul is1 !re=e he mu/ be wor%ipp$4 ,8 own p d inde$ wor%ip him1 b :y8 assur$ly t 8 unbridl$ pride & t ( all great m5 may be gratifi$1 & = no o!r reason4 ,= he is wor%ipp$ *iefly on acc\nt ( ! fe> ( 8 visible p[] 7h5ce at 8 dea? ! wor%ip ceases71 & !n too on acc\nt ( ! hope ( rew>ds4 ,?is same reason exi/s = ! rev]5ce %[n p>5ts & o!r p 9 p[]2 & s9ce invisible p[]s are consid]$ m important & great] ?an visible ones1 !re=e1 !y w h x t /ill m %\ld !y be wor%ipp$4 ,& ?is ,god %\ld be wor%ipp$ on acc\nt ( 8 love1 !y say4 ,& :at k9d ( love is x to expose innoc5t po/]ity to inf9ite suff]+ on acc\nt ( ! fall ( "o man1 c]ta9ly =ese5 & !re=e =eorda9$ 7=eorda9$ z f> at lea/ z be+ p]mitt$74 ,b1 y say1 !y are to be r$eem$4 ,b h[8 ,! fa!r exposes 8 only son to extreme suff]+1 t he may deliv] ! o!r man f tortures no great]1 because ( ! r$emption (f]$ by ! =m]4 ,! ,b>b>ians _h no su* silly idea4 ,b :y %\ld ,god be lov$1 :y wor%ipp$8 because he creat$ u8 ,b to :at end8 t we %\ld fall6 because assur$ly he _h =ekn[l$ge t our prog5itors w\ld fall1 & set be=e !m ! m$ium ( ! =bidd5 fruit1 )\t :i* !y c\ld n h fall54 ,grant$1 h[ev]1 t he %\ld be wor%ipp$ because on him all ?+s dep5d = _! creation2 "s1 nev]!less1 add1 = _! cont9u$ exi/5ce also1 & _! pres]vation4 ,:y %\ld ,god be wor%ipp$8 ,does he himself delight 9 wor%ip8 ,c]ta9ly4 ,p>5ts & b5efactors are honor$ among u4 ,b :y is ?is honor giv58 ,human nature has reg>d = mutual wants &1 ! be/[al ( honor is due to ! idea t we c be aid$ by a great] & m endur+ p[]4 ,no "o wi%es to aid ano!r unless 8 own wants are satisfi$ 9 turn4 ,t is call$ a p]son's recognition ( k9dness & gratitude1 :i* dem&s a great] recognition ( 8 own k9dness2 & 9 ord] t 8 reputation may be spread abroad1 x dem&s t ! o!r be ready1 z a h&maid1 s to speak1 to inspire 9 o!rs an idea ( 8 fame & nobility4 ,d\btless ! idea o!rs may ent]ta9 ( our ability to be ( s]vice to g5]al or individual ne$s1 tickles u1 & raises plumes = u l ^? ( a peacock1 :]e=e g5]osity is f\nd among ! virtues4 ,b :o does n see ! imp]fection ( our nature8 ,:o1 h[ev]1 w\ld say t ,god1 ! mo/ p]fect ( all be+s1 wants any?+8 ,or t he wi%es = any su* ?+ if he is p]fect & already self-suffici5t & honor$ )\t any ext]nal honors4 ,:o w\ld say t he wants honor except ^? :o p]si/ 9 honor+ him8 ,! desire = honor is a sign ( imp]fection & lack ( p[]4 ,! cons5sus ( op9ion among all races on ?is subject1 is urg$ by ^? :o h talk$ ) sc>cely all ev5 ( _! own fri5ds1 or h exam9$ ?ree or f\r books treat+ ( ! te/imony ( ! _w1 n ev5 c>efully consid]+ h[ f> ! au?ors _h k ( ! cu/oms ( ! _w2 b ^? excell5t au?ors 7 n famili> ) all cu/oms4 ,notice1 h[ev]1 t :5 "o is consid]+ ! matt]1 ! objection "h arises1 t ! fundam5tal reasons = wor%ip are connect$ ) ,god himself & 8 works1 & n ) ! elem5t>y con/itution ( any society4 ,= !re is no "o :o is n aw>e t wor%ip is due to ! cu/om1 preval5t among ! rul+ & ri* classes especially1 ( ma9ta9+ "s ext]nal =m ( religion 9 ord] to calm ! passions ( ! p4 ,b if y are conc]n$ ab\t ! =m] reason1 :o w\ld believe t 9 ! pr9cipal seat ( ! ,*ri/ian religion1--,italy1--!re are s _m free-?9k]s1 or to speak m mean+ly1 ,a!i/s1 & if he %\ld believe x1 w\ld say t !re is a cons5sus ( op9ion among all races4 ,god is1 !re=e %\ld he be wor%ipp$8 ,because1 =soo?1 ! wis] m5 at lea/ say s8 ,:o1 pray1 are ! wis]8 ,! high prie/1 ! augurs1 ! soo?say]s ( ! anci5ts1 ,cic]o1 ,caes>1 ! lead+ m5 & _! prie/ly adh]5ts1 etc4 ,w\ld !y let x be kn[n t su* practices 7 to _! int]e/s8 ,d\btless ^? 9 control ( public affairs1 d]iv+ _! pr(its f ! cr$ulity ( ! p1 told fe>-inspir+ /ories ( ! p[] & v5geance ( ! invisible gods1 & li$ ab\t _! own occasional meet+s & association ) !m2 & dem&$ 9 proportion to _! own luxury be+s suitable = or ev5 surpass+ !mselves4 ,= x is n to be wond]$ at t prie/s promulgate su* tea*+s1 s9ce ?is is _! me?od ( ma9ta9+ _! own lives4 ,& su* are ! tea*+s ( ! wis] m54 ,?is _w may dep5d on ! control ( a prime mov]2 ?is is c]ta9ly ! fact--t ! dep5d5ce w be only at ! />t4 ,= :y might !re n h be5 a fir/ comm& ( ,god1 su* t ev]y?+ w\ld g 9 a =eorda9$ c\rse to a fix$ end1 if he wi%$ to fix "o4 ,!re w\ld no long] be ne$ ( new c>e1 dep5d5ce or support1 b he might at fir/ h end[$ e "o ) suffici5t p[]s4 ,& :y %\ld x n be said t he did ?is8 ,= x is n to be suppos$ t he visits all ! elem5ts & p>ts ( ! univ]se z a physician does a sick man4 ,:at !n is to be said ( ! te/imony ( consci5ce8 & :5ce w\ld come ^? fe>s ( ! m9d because ( wrong-do+1 7 x n evid5t t !re is ne> u a high] p[] :o sees & puni%es u1 :om wrong-do+ displeases j z x is altoge!r at v>iance ) wor%ip ( him8 ,x is n n[ my purpose to inquire m deeply into ! nature ( good & evil nor ! dang]s ( prejudice & ! folly ( great fe> :i* spr+s f preconceiv$ ideas4 ,?is m]ely ,i say4 ,:5ce did !y arise8 especially s9ce all evil-do+ dep5ds on ! corruption & de/ruction ( ! h>mony result+ f ! int]*ange ( s]vices 9 ! wants to :i* ! human race is subject1 & s9ce ! idea ab\t "o :o wi%es to increase r ?an to be ( aid 9 ^? wants1 r5d]s him an object ( hatr$4 ,:5ce x happ5s t he himself may fe> le/ he may incur ! hatr$ & contempt ( o!rs1 or a l refusal to satisfy 8 wants2 or may lose 8 p[] ( be+ ( s]vice n only to o!rs b to himself1 9 s f> inde$ z he ne$s to fe> any h>m f be+ wrong$ by o!rs4 ,& s1 !y say1 ^? :o d n h ! light ( ,holy ,scriptures1 foll[ ! natural light 9 accordance ) ! dictates ( _! consci5ces1 :i* proves to be sure1 t ,god has end[$ ! intellect ( all m5 ) "s sp>ks ( 8 own k & w1 & if !y act accord+ to ^! x mu/ be said t !y h done "r4 ,= :at reason ( !irs c be a comm& to wor%ip ,god if ?is is n8 ,b x is ma9ta9$ on _m gr\nds t bea/s act accord+ to ! guide ( reason1 & ?is matt] has n yet be5 decid$2 nev]!less ,i d n urge ?is4 ,:o has said any?+ to y to prove t ?is does n occur1 or t a tra9$ animal does n at times surpass an ignorant & un$ucat$ man 9 intellect & p[]s ( judgm5t8 ,b to speak to ! po9t1 ! majority ( m5 ( leisure :o h _h "t to consid] subtile ideas & ^? beyond ! compreh5sion ( ! ord9>y intellect1 9 ord] to gratify _! own pride & promote _! own advantage1 h devis$ _m subtile pr9ciples = :i* ,alexis & ,?yrsis1 prev5t$ by _! pa/oral & ru/ic duties1 c\ld h _h no leisure4 ,:]e=e1 ! latt] h plac$ confid5ce 9 ! philosoph]s ( leisure1 z if !y 7 wis]1 :ile !y are m fitt$ to impose on ! fooli%4 ,h5ce1 good ,alexis1 g to1 wor%ip ! sylvan ,pans1 ,satyrs & ,dianas1 etc4 ,= ! great philosoph]s w tell y ab\t ! dream ( ,numa ,pompilius1 & n>rate to y ! /ory ( 8 concub9age ) ! nymph ,aeg]ia1 & !y w wi% by ?is v acc\nt to b9d y to 8 wor%ip1 & z a rew>d = ?is pi\s "w1 because ( ! reconciliation & favor ( ^? invisible p[]s1 !y w dem& = _! own support1 ! fl[] ( y\r flock & y\r labor z a sacrifice4 ,& h5ce1 s9ce ,titius wor%ipp$ ,pan1 ,alexis1 ! ,fauns1 ,rome1 ! ,gods ( ,w>1 ,a!ns1 ! unkn[n ,gods1 is x to be suppos$ t ^? good m5 le>n$ f ! light ( reason c]ta9 tales :i* 7 ! idle inv5tions & ideas ( philosoph]s8 n to attack too h>%ly ! religion ( o!rs4 ,& :y did n ?is reason also tell t !y 7 mi/ak5 9 _! wor%ip1 9 fooli%ly wor%ipp+ /atues & /ones1 z if !y 7 ! dwell+ places ( _! ,gods8 ,b is x inde$ to be suppos$ t s9ce good wom5 be/[$ su* wor%ip on ,francis1 ,ignatius & ,dom9icus & su* m51 reason tea*es t at lea/ "s "o among holy m5 %\ld be wor%ipp$8 ,t !y le>n f ! light ( nature ! wor%ip ( "s sup]ior p[] no long] visible1 al?\gh1 nev]!less1 su* are ! fabrications ( our prie/s ( leisure = ! m spl5did increase ( _! own means ( support4 ,!re=e1 !re is no ,god8 ,suppose !re is 7a ,god47 ,!re=e1 %\ld he be wor%ipp$8 ,b ?is does n foll[1 because he desires wor%ip z f> z he has inscrib$ x 9 ! he>t4 ,:at m !n8 ,we %\ld !n foll[ ! guide ( our nature4 ,b ?is is kn[n to be imp]fect4 ,9 :at respects8 ,= is x suffici5t en\gh to ma9ta9 ! society ( m5 peacefully8 ,because o!r religi\s p1 foll[+ revelation1 d n pass m tranquil lives8 ,b is x r because ,god dem&s ( u especially a m precise idea ( ,god8 ,b nev]!less y :o promise ?is ( any religion :atsoev]1 d n supply x4 ,= any revelation ( :at ,god is1 is f> m un9telligible ?an be=e4 ,& h[ w y make ?is cle>] by ! conception ( ! intellect1 s9ce he limits e intellect8 ,:at d y ?9k ( ^! ?+s8 ,no "o1 ,i say1 has a k ( ,god1 moreov] eye has n se5 him1 & he dwells 9 unapproa*able light1 & f ! "t ( revelation till n[1 9 allegory4 ,b ,i suppose e "o kn[s h[ cle> an allegory is4 ,:]e=e d y inde$ believe t ,god makes su* dem&s8 or is x f ! desire ( ! intellect to surm\nt ! limitations ( its own capacity 9 ord] to compreh5d ev]y?+ m p]fectly ?an x does1 or f some?+ else8 ,:o ( y is !re :o speaks f special revelation8 ,good ,god6 :at a hodge-podge ( revelations4 ,d y po9t to ! oracles ( ! hea!n8 ,antiquity has already held !m up to ridicule4 ,to ! te/imony ( y\r prie/s8 ,i c %[ y prie/s :o w contradict !m4 ,y may prote/ 9 y\r turn1 b :o w be ! judge8 ,:o w put an end to ^! disputes8 ,d y call att5tion to ! writ+s ( ,moses1 ! ,prophets & ,apo/les8 ,i br+ to y\r notice ! ,koran1 :i* says t1 accord+ to a new revelation1 ^! are corrupt & its au?or boa/s ( hav+ settl$ by ! sword ! corruptions & alt]cations ( ,*ri/ians z did ,moses ^? ( ! hea!n4 ,= by ! sword ,mahomet & ,moses subjugat$ ,pale/9e1 ea* in/ruct$ by great miracles4 ,& ! writ+s ( ! ,sect>ians z well z ( ! ,v$as & ! ,brahm9s #acjj ye>s back1 are 9 opposition1 to say no?+ ( ! ,s95ses4 #eb ,y1 :o 9 "s remote spot 9 ,europe are disput+ ab\t su* ?+s disreg>d or d5y ^! writ+s4 ,y y\rself %\ld see v cle>ly t ) equal ease !y d5y y\r writ+s4 ,& :at pro(s n miracul\s1 w\ld be suffici5t to conv9ce ! inhabitants ( ! _w1 if x 7 evid5t f ! fir/ ?ree books ( ,v$a1 t ! _w 0 conta9$ 9 & came f an egg ( a scorpion1 & t ! e>? & fir/ elem5ts ( ?+s 0 plac$ on ! head ( a bull1 if "s envi\s son ( ! ,gods _h n /ol5 ^! fir/ ?ree volumes4 ,9 our times ?is w\ld be laugh$ at2 & among ^? p !re w\ld n be ?is /range argum5t to e/abli% _! religion if x did n h its orig9 9 ! bra9s ( ^! prie/s4 ,& :5ce else came ^? _m imm5se volumes conc]n+ ! gods ( ! pagans & ^? wagon loads ( lies8 ,moses act$ v wisely 9 fir/ becom+ skill$ 9 ! arts ( ! ,egyptians1 t is 9 ! ma/]y ( a/rology & magic1 & !n by cruel w> driv+ f _! homes ! petty k+s ( ,pale/9e1 & pret5d+ a conf]5ce l t ( ,numa ,pompilius4 ,lead+ 8 army1 confid5t ( _! =tunes1 into ! possessions ( peaceful m52 9 ord] t he1 =soo?1 might be a great g5]al & 8 bro!r high prie/1 & t he himself might be a lead] & dictator4 ,b ( :at a p6 ,o!rs by mild] means & by pull+ ! wool ov] ! eyes ( ! p "u cov] ( pr(\nd sanctity 7,i am afraid to m5tion o!r ?+s17 & by ! pi\s deceits ( memb]s ( _! sect 9 secret assemblies1 fir/ got control ( ! ignorant c\ntry p & !n1 because ( ! gr[+ /r5g? ( ! new religion1 !y got control ( ^? :o fe>$ = !mselves1 & hat$ a lead] ( ! p4 ,at l5g? ano!r eag] = w>1 by feign+ miracles atta*$ to himself ! m f]oci\s p ( ,asia1 :o _h suff]$ ill treatm5t at ! h&s ( comm&]s ( ! ,*ri/ians1 & :o1 l ,moses1 ) ! promise ( _m victories & favors1 he subjugat$ ! w>r+ & peaceful lead]s ( ,asia1 & e/abli%$ 8 religion by ! sword4 ,! fir/ is consid]$ ! re=m] ( ! hea!n1 ! second ( ,judaism & ! ?ird ! re=m] ( bo?4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :o w be ! re=m] ( ,mahomet & ,mahometanism4 ,d\btless !n1 ! cr$ulity ( m5 is likely to be impos$ on1 & to take advantage ( ?is "u ! pret5se ( "s ga9 to be d]iv$1 is rightly call$ impo/ure4 ,x w\ld be too long & t$i\s to %[ m at l5g? 9 ?is place1 ! nature & =ms ( :at goes "u ! "n ( impo/ure1 b we mu/ obs]ve1 t1 ev5 if natural religion is grant$ & ! wor%ip ( ,god is "r z f> z x is said to be comm&$ by nature2 t up to ?is "t ! lead] ( e new religion has be5 suspect$ ( impo/ure1 especially s9ce x is evid5t to all & is obvi\s f :at has be5 said or c be said1 h[ _m deceptions h be5 us$ 9 propagat+ any religion4 ,x rema9s !n unansw]able accord+ to ! previ\s argum5t1 t religion & ! wor%ip ( ,god accord+ to ! prompt+s ( natural light1 is consi/5t ) tru? & ju/ice2 b if any "o wi%es to e/abli% any new pr9ciples 9 religion1 ei!r new or displeas+1 & t by ! au?ority ( invisible p[]s1 x w evid5tly be necess>y = him to %[ 8 p[] ( re=m+1 unless he wi%es to be consid]$ by all an impo/or4 ,s9ce1 n "u ! conclusions ( natural religion1 nor "u ! au?ority ( special revelation1 he (f]s opposition to ! ideas ( all4 ,moreov] he %\ld be s upright 9 life & "* t ! p may believe him wor?y ( be+ associat$ ) s high & holy a p[]1 :o does n approve ( any?+ impure4 ,nor c m]ely 8 own confession1 nor ! hol9ess ( a pa/ life1 nor any miracles--t is extraord9>y de$s--prove ?is2 = ?is is common r among ! skillful & ! deceiv]s ( m51 ly+ hypocrites :o pursue _! own advantage & glory 9 ?is way4 ,= x is n wor? consid]+ t "s rea*$ su* a degree ( madness t !y volunt>ily s\ght dea?1 9 ord] t x might be suppos$ t !y despis$ & conqu]$ ev]y?+1 l diff]5t ones among ! anci5t philosoph]s4 ,nor is x to be suppos$ t !y 7 upheld by special div9e p[]s 9 t :i* !y did because ( fooli% fancies & fond hopes ( m\nta9s ( gold1 ris+ f a defective judgm5t4 ,= !y did n give ! matt] ! prop] consid]ation1 nor did ! real tea*]s1 = 9 ord] t y may come to a fair decision ab\t !m1 ,i h said n only is _! own te/imony n suffici5t1 b 9 ord] to rea* ! tru? ( ! matt]1 !y mu/ be comp>$ ) "o ano!r2 & o!r witnesses ) !m1 & !n _! acqua9tances & fri5ds1 & !n /rang]s1 !n fri5ds & enemies2 & !n aft] ! te/imony is all ga!r$ 91 t ( ea* tea*] conc]n+ himself1 & !n t ( o!rs mu/ be comp>$4 ,& if we d n "k ! witnesses1 we mu/ consult ! witnesses ( ! witnesses1 & s on2 besides in/itut+ an inve/igation z to y\r p[]s ( di/+ui%+ f ! true & ! false involv$ 9 su* or o!r circum/ances4 ,especially 9 simil> ones1 inquir+1 moreov]1 :5ce y desir$ data to le>n ! tru?1 = ?is purpose comp>+ ! judgm5t ( o!rs1 z to :at !y inf] f su* an inve/igation or f ! te/imony ( witnesses4 ,& f ^! data x w be p]missible to inf] :e!r he :o makes ?is claim1 is a true mess5g] ( ! revelation ( div9e w & :e!r 8 tea*+s %\ld be gradually adopt$4 ,b at ?is po9t we mu/ be v c>eful n to get into a circle4 ,:5ev] ! nature ( important religions may be su* t "o supplants ano!r1 z t ( ,moses1 ,paganism1 t ( ,mahomet1 ,*ri/ianity1--! lat] "o may n always nor 9 e p>ticul> ca/ aside ! e>li]1 b only 9 c]ta9 p>ts1 to su* an ext5t t ! latt] is f\nd$ on ! =m]1 x w be necess>y to inve/igate c>efully n only ei!r ! la/1 or ! middle1 or ! fir/1 b all1 especially s9ce ! *>ge ( impo/ure is br\ght by e sect4 ,s ! anci5ts 7 *>g$ ) x by ,*ri/1 because !y corrupt$ ! law2 ! ,*ri/ians by ,mahomet1 because !y corrupt$ ! gospels1 a fact n to be wond]$ at1 inasmu* z "o sect ( ,*ri/ians *>ges ! o!r ) corrupt+ texts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 s t x c n be asc]ta9$ :e!r he :o is (f]$ z an example is a tea*] ( a true religion or h[ f> ^? :o claim to h be5 giv5 au?ority1 %\ld be li/5$ to4 ,= 9 an inve/igation no sect mu/ be ov]look$1 b ea* mu/ be comp>$ ) ! re/ )\t any prejudice4 ,= if "o is ov]look$1 t p]haps1 is ! v "o :i* is ne>] ! tru?4 ,?us1 ^? :o foll[$ ,moses1 h foll[$ ! tru? accord+ to ! ,*ri/ians also1 b !y ought n to h paus$ at t po9t1 b %\ld exam9e ! tru? ( ! ,*ri/ian religion also4 ,ea* sect ma9ta9s t its own tea*]s are ! be/ & t x has _h & is daily hav+ pro( ( ?is1 & t !re are no bett] ones1 s t ei!r e "o mu/ believe x1 :i* w\ld be absurd1 or no "o1 :i* is ! saf] plan1 until ! true way is kn[n1 ?\gh no sect %\ld be disreg>d$ 9 a comp>ison4 ,!re is no ne$ ( pres5t+ ! objection t x is kn[n t all ma!maticians agree t twice two is f\r4 ,= x is n a simil> case1 s9ce no "o has be5 kn[n to d\bt :e!r twice two is f\r1 :ile on ! contr>y religions agree nei!r 9 end1 beg9n+ nor middle4 ,suppose t ,i d n "k ! true way ( salvation2 ,i foll[1 h[ev]1 ! ,brahm9s or ! ,koran4 ,w n ,moses & ! re/ say3 ,:at wrong h we done y t y ?us reject u1 ?\gh we are bett] & ne>] ! tru?8 ,:at reply %all we make8 ,i believ$ 9 ,mahomet or ! ,gymnosophi/es #ec1 9 ^: tea*+s ,i 0 born & br\ght up1 & f !m ,i le>n$ t y\r religion & t ( ! ,*ri/ians :i* foll[$1 h long s9ce decay$ & gr[n corrupt1 & are /ill mislead+4 ,w !y n reply t !y d n "k any?+ ab\t ! o!rs & t ^! d n "k any?+ ab\t ! true guide to salvation1 s9ce !y "k t ^? :o are corruptors ( ! p are impo/ors1 feign+ miracles1 or by lies pull+ ! wool ov] ! eyes ( ! p4 ,nor %\ld fai? be ?us simply giv5 to "o man or "o sect1 reject+ all o!rs )\t a complete & prop] inve/igation4 ,= ) equal "r ! ,e?iopian1 :o has n left 8 own l&1 says t !re are no m5 "u ! sun except ^? ( a black color4 ,moreov]1 ?is precaution also %\ld be tak5 9 ! inve/igation ( o!r sects1 t equal c>e %\ld be us$ 9 an inve/igation ( all1 & :ile "o is expla9$ ) great pa9s1 ! o!r %\ld n be slight$1 because "o claim or ano!r at fir/ sight seems to be wrong1 or because ( ! evil reports ( gossip conc]n+ ! lead] ( t sect1 :ile o!r reports are ca/ aside4 ,= t %\ld n be set d[n z doctr9e or indubitable te/imony1 :i* ! fir/ vagabond t comes along ass]ts ab\t a ho/ile religion4 ,inde$1 ) equal "r on acc\nt ( common gossip & ! m]e m5tion ( a "n1 ! ,*ri/ian religion 0 to "s an object ( horror1 & to o!rs an object ( scorn4 ,) ! latt] because ! ,*ri/ians wor%ipp$ ! head ( an ass1 & ) ! =m] because !y ate & drank _! ,god1 s t at l5g? ! report became curr5t t to be a ,*ri/ian 0 to be a deadly enemy ( ,god & m52 :51 nev]!less1 su* tales 7 ei!r ?+s :i* _h be5 misund]/ood or skillfully told lies1 :i* 7 !n confirm$1 & hav+ "s f\ndation1 spread abroad because an enemy ( t religion _h absolutely no int]c\rse1 or no prop] int]c\rse1 ) ! ,*ri/ians !mselves1 or ! m le>n$ among !m1 b believ$ ! fir/ ignorant p]son or des]t] or enemy ( t religion4 ,su* a me?od ( inve/igation be+ decid$ ^u1 x w\ld always be a matt] ( great difficulty4 ,:at %all we say ab\t wom51 :at ab\t *ildr51 :at ab\t ! majority ( ! masses ( ! p8 ,all *ildr5 w be exclud$ f a feel+ ( security 9 reg>d to _! religion1 & ! majority ( wom5 to :om ev5 ^? matt]s :i* h be5 mo/ cle>ly expla9$ by ! lead]s ( any religion1 z f> z c be done1 are obscure3 also f _! mann] ( life y rightly p]ceive t ) ! exception ( a v few sup]ior ones1 !y h no accurate p[]s ( compreh5d+ my/]ies ( su* a "*1 to say no?+ ( ! c\ntless numb]s ( insignificant p]sons & c\ntry p = :om ! "q ( _! own support is ! mo/ important subject = ! ex]cise ( _! p[]s ( reason1 :ile o!r matt]s !y accept or reject 9 good fai?4 ,d\btless !re is only a v small "p ( ! _w1 :o weigh all religions1 comp>e _! own c>efully ) o!rs & correctly di/+ui% true reasons f false1 9 details 9 :i* deception may creep 92 b ! majority r adopt ! fai? ( o!rs1 ( tea*]s ( sacr$ matt]s especially1 ^: k & p[]s ( judgm5t 9 sacr$ matt]s are consid]$ notewor?y4 ,& s 9 any religion ?is is done1 especially by ^? :o c n read & write or d n h any?+ to read4 ,b x %\ld h be5 obs]v$ t 9 ?is matt] x is n suffici5t t ! tea*]s ( any religion %\ld h ! p[]1 because ( v exact p[]s ( judgm5t & av[$ exp]i5ce1 ( di/+ui%+ ! true f ! false4 ,inde$ x ought to be v c]ta9 to o!rs1 ) p[]s ( judgm5t no less exact1 t ^? tea*]s h n only ! ability to di/+ui% ! true f ! false1 b ! desire z well1 & inde$ we ought to be especially c]ta9 t he :o pr(esses su* a k & desire is nei!r deceiv$ nor wi%es to be4 ,& :at *oice %all we make "h among s _m tea*]s s mu* at v>iance 9 ev5 "o em95t sect8 ,= :5 we look at our comrades & associates1 :o disagree on _m subjects1 al?\gh !y are mo/ fri5dly 9 o!r respects1 "o ( ! two disputants w ma9ta9 8 op9ion on acc\nt ( "s defect1 ei!r because he has n a correct und]/&+ ( ! matt]1 & lacks ! p[] ( judgm5t1 or because he does n wi% to give up1 & s does n desire to confess ! tru?4 ,b al?\gh x might be matt]s ( second>y importance 9 :i* ?is happ5$1 nev]!less ! result w be t !y w be mi/ru/$ 9 o!r matt]s also4 ,ea* d\btless is 9 possession ( "o tru?1 & he :o gives ?is up 9 "o place1 ei!r f a defect ( judgm5t or a wrong desire is des]v$ly mi/ru/$ ( do+ ! same ?+ 9 o!r cases4 ,!re=e1 t y may judge ( ! ability & hone/y ( any tea*] 9 religion1 fir/1 x is necess>y = y to be j z able z he2 = o!rwise he w be able to impose on y v easily1 &1 moreov]1 if he is unkn[n to y1 he w ne$ ! te/imony ( o!rs1 & ^! aga9 ( o!rs1 & s on indef9itely2 n only 9 reg>d to 8 tru?fulness1 t he really taught su* doctr9es1 b 9 reg>d to 8 hone/y1 t he did ?is )\t deceit4 ,& ! same me?od mu/ at once be employ$ 9 reg>d to ! witnesses ( 8 hone/y & 8 tea*+s4 ,b :]e w y place an end to ?is8 ,x is n en\gh t su* discussions h already tak5 place among o!rs2 y mu/ consid] h[ well ?is has be5 done4 ,= ! ord9>y pro(s :i* are set =? are nei!r conclusive nor manife/1 & prove d\btful matt]s by o!rs m d\btful1 s t1 l ^? :o run 9 a circle1 y return to ! />t+ po9t4 ,9 ord] t x may be manife/ :e!r any "o is a tea*] ( a true religion or an impo/or1 !re is ne$ ei!r ( p]sonal k1 :i* we c n h 9 ! case ( ! ?ree great f\nd]s ( ! religions ( ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity & ,mahometanism1 inasmu* z !y liv$ 9 f> di/ant places & di$ long be=e our "t2 or ( ! k ( o!rs1 :i*1 if any "o imp>ts x to y1 we call te/imony4 ,betwe5 ^!1 !re is /ill ano!r way ( kn[+ any "o1 namely ?r\gh 8 own writ+s1 :i* may be call$ "o's own te/imony conc]n+ himself4 ,& conc]n+ ,*ri/1 !re is no su* te/imony2 conc]n+ ,moses1 x is d\btful :e!r !re is2 conc]n+ ,mahomet1 !re is ! ,koran4 ,! te/imony ( o!rs is ( two classes--t ( fri5ds & t ( enemies4 ,betwe5 ^! extremes !re is no ?ird class1 accord+ to ! say+1 :o is n ) me is aga9/ me4 ,mahomet 9 8 writ+s assumes & attributes to himself ! same div9e qualities z did ,moses & ano!r4 ,moreov] ! fri5ds ( ,mahomet & memb]s ( 8 sect wrote ! same ?+s conc]n+ him z did ! memb]s ( ! sects ( ! o!rs conc]n+ _! ma/]s1 & ! enemies ( ! o!rs wrote j z disp>ag+ly ( !m z _! fri5ds did ( ,mahomet4 ,z = ! re/1 ! te/imony ( any "o conc]n+ himself is too unreliable to inspire implicit confid5ce1 & is ( no consequ5ce except1 p]*ance1 to p]plex a ?\ghtless he>]4 ,! ass]tions ( fri5ds1 :o d\btless unanim\sly repeat ! say+s ( _! ma/]s1 are ( ! same nature4 ,nor %\ld ! enemies ( any "o be he$$ on acc\nt ( _! prejudices4 ,b z x is1 9 spite ( ^! facts1 x is = su* trivial reasons1 :i* are confirm$ only by ! ma/]'s own boa/s1 ! ass]tions ( fri5ds1 or ! calumnies ( enemies1 t e foll[] ( any "o ( ! ?ree assumes t ! claims ( 8 enemy are bas$ :olly on impo/ure1 :ile ! tea*+s ( 8 ma/] are f\nd$ :olly on tru?4 ,nev]!less ,mahomet is und\bt$ly consid]$ an impo/or among u2 b :y8 ,n f 8 own te/imony or t ( 8 fri5ds b f t ( 8 enemies4 ,!n1 on ! contr>y1 among ! ,mahometans he is consid]$ a mo/ holy prophet2 b :y8 ,f 8 own te/imony1 b especially f t ( 8 fri5ds4 ,:oev] consid]s ,moses an impo/or or a holy tea*] employs ! same me?od ( reason+4 ,& !re is equal reason 9 ! case ( ,mahomet z 9 ! case ( ! o!rs1 ei!r = *>g+ him ) impo/ure or = answ]+ t *>ge1 al?\gh1 nev]!less1 ! =m] are consid]$ holy1 :ile he is consid]$ a sc\ndrel1 contr>y to all ! dem&s ( ju/ice4 ,to put x 9 ! s*ola/ic mann]1 !n1 ! foll[+ conclusions are mo/ firmly e/abli%$3 ,:5ev] !re is ! same reason z 9 ! case ( ,mahomet = *>g+ any p]son ) impo/ure or = answ]+ t *>ge1 !y %\ld be plac$ 9 ! same category4 ,& = example1 9 ! case ( ,moses1 !re is ! same reason1 !re=e ju/ice %\ld be dem&$ j z 9 ! case ( ,mahomet1 nor %\ld he be consid]$ an impo/or4 ,,pro( ,,( ,,m9or ,,premise4 7a47 ,9 reg>d to ! rebuttal ( ! *>ge ( impo/ure3 ?is is bas$ on ! above-m5tion$ te/imony n only ( ,mahomet conc]n+ himself 9 8 well-kn[n writ+s1 b on t ( e "o ( 8 fri5ds conc]n+ _! ma/]1 & h5ce1 x logically foll[s3 7,i47 ,:atev] value ! te/imony ( ,moses' fri5ds has 9 def5d+ him on ! *>ge ( impo/ure1 ! te/imony ( ,mahomet's fri5ds ought to h ! same value4 ,& :atev] ! value ( ! acquittal1 ?\gh _! favorable te/imony1 etc41 etc4 ,!re=e1 etc4 7,,ii47 ,& :atev] value ! books ( ,moses h = ?is purpose1 ! same value ! ,koran has also4 ,& s1 etc4 ,!re=e1 etc4 ,moreov]1 ! ,mussulm51 f ! v books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7al?\gh accord+ to ^! v p]sons1 ^! books h be5 mu* corrupt$ 9 o!r respects17 draw v>i\s argum5ts ev5 9 support ( _! ,mahomet1 & especially t pr$iction ( ,*ri/ conc]n+ ! future ,p>aclete4 #ed ,!y ma9ta9 t he came & expos$ ! corruption ( ! ,*ri/ians1 & e/abli%$ a new cov5ant4 ,& al?\gh at o!r times ! ,koran is *>g$ ) _m silly1 nay impi\s tales1 all ^! nev]!less1 c be expla9$ 9 a spiritual s5se or smoo!d ov] 9 o!r ways1 s9ce ! re/ ( ! tea*+s insi/ on no?+ b extreme sanctity & a /r+5t mode ( morals1 b especially on temp]ance & ab/95ce f w9e4 ,& to ! objection frequ5tly rais$ t w9e is ! gift ( ,god1 ! reply c be made t s also are poisons1 & yet we are n suppos$ to dr9k !m4 ,! fur!r objection (t5 made t ! _s ( ! ,koran is too c>nal1 & fills et]nal life ) pleasures ( ! _w & ! fle%1 polygamy moreov] be+ s indiscrim9ately p]mitt$1 x is n ( su* weight t x c n be confut$1 s9ce ,moses also p]mitt$ polygamy & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t life et]nal admits ( banquets1 e4 g41 y w sit d[n ) ,abraham & ,isaac1 etc41 etc4 ,aga91 ,i %all n ta/e w9e except 9 ! ,k+dom ( my ,fa!r4 ,x is said t all ^? pleasures m5tion$ 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 also in/anc$1 are n wrong1 & :5 expla9$ 9 a spiritual s5se imply no wrong1 al?\gh ! same ?+ is n said ( ! ,koran4 ,& if we are too sev]ely critical ( ! words ( ! ,koran1 we ought to employ ! same sev]ity ( criticism aga9/ ! writ+s ( ,moses & o!rs4 ,moreov] ! argum5ts :i* are (f]$ f ,moses himself 9 answ] to ! *>ge ( impo/ure1 d n seem reasonable nor ( suffici5t weight4 7,i47 ,our k ( ! int]c\rse ,moses _h ) ,god dep5ds on 8 own te/imony & t ( 8 fri5ds1 & h5ce su* evid5ce c h no m weight ?an simil> argum5ts ( ! ,mussulm5 conc]n+ ! conf]5ce t ,mahomet _h ) ,gabriel2 & :at is m1 ?is int]c\rse ( ,moses1 accord+ to ,moses himself 7if all ^? say+s are ,moses'1 :i* are commonly attribut$ to him7 is op5 to ! suspicion ( impo/ure1 z is to be %[n bel[4 7,,ii47 ,no "o inde$ :o is acqua9t$ ) ! _m v grave crimes ( ,moses1 w be able to say easily or at lea/ ju/ly1 t 8 hol9ess ( life c n easily be mat*$4 ,8 crimes !n are ! foll[+3 7a47 ,fraud1 :i* none b 8 fri5ds h palliat$1 b !y are n imp>tial judges ( ! matt]2 nor does t comm5datory passage ( ,luke 9 ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les =m any apology1 = !re is dispute z to ! hone/y & v]acity ( t witness4 7b47 ,! /irr+ up ( rebellion2 = x c n be prov$ t ?is 0 due to a comm& ( ,god1 nay1 ! contr>y is cle>1 s9ce else:]e ,moses is urg$ to =bid resi/ance to tyrants4 7c47 ,w>s1 al?\gh murd] is contr>y to ! ,v4 & ,,vii4 78,,vi47 #ee comm&m5ts ( ,moses himself1 unre/ra9$ plund]1 etc41 etc42 j z ! high prie/ 9 ,india1 or ,mahomet 9 8 l&1 (f]+ ! comm& ( ,god z a pretext1 drove f _! t]ritory ! =m] possessors4 ,moses slew ?\s&s & gave !m ov] to slaught] 9 ord] to insure salvation to himself & 8 p4 7d47 ,! tea*+ conc]n+ ! tak+ ( ! prop]ty ( o!rs "u ! pret5se ( a loan4 7e47 ,! pray] to ,god 9 :i* ,moses desir$ to die et]nally = 8 p1 al?\gh ?is petition ask$ ( ,god su* ?+s z w\ld de/roy 8 ess5ce4 ,see ,exodus xxxii1 #ca1 #cb4 #ef 7f47 ,neglect ( ! comm&s ( ,god 9 reg>d to circumcision 7,exodus iv1 #bd1 #be1 #bf17 #eg & f9ally1 7g47 ,! *ief ( ,moses' crimes1 ! extreme & /upid incr$ulity ( "o :o 0 *os5 to p]=m s _m miracles by ! p[] ( ,god1 & :o nev]!less on acc\nt ( 8 wav]+ fai? 0 c5sur$ by ,god himself sev]ely & ) ! ?reat ( puni%m5t4 7,numb]s xx1 #ab74 #eh ,z to 7b47 ,! pro( ( ! o!r argum5t1 namely1 ! *>ge ( impo/ure1 x c be said3 ,we believe t ,mahomet 0 an impo/or1 n f our p]sonal k1 z 0 po9t$ out above1 b f ! te/imony1 n ( 8 fri5ds1 b ( 8 enemies4 ,b all su* are anti-,mahometans1 accord+ to ! say+ ,:o is n ) me is aga9/ me1 etc41 etc43 h5ce foll[s ! conclusion3 ,:atev] weight ! te/imony ( enemies has 9 ! case ( "o1 t x ought to h 9 ! case ( ! o!r also4 ,o!rwise we %all be unju/ 9 condemn+ "o f ! te/imony ( enemies & n ! o!r2 if ?is 7 done1 all ju/ice w\ld be at an end4 ,& 9 ! case ( ,mahomet1 ! te/imony ( enemies has su* weight1 t he is consid]$ an ,impo/or1 !re=e1 etc41 etc4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i say t reasons = suspect+ ,moses ( impo/ure c be elicit$ n only f ext]nal1 b f int]nal evid5ce1 :]eby impo/ure c be prov$ by 8 own te/imony z well z by t ( o!rs1 albeit1 8 foll[]s1 al?\gh !re is /ill dispute4 7,i47 ,:e!r ! books1 :i* are said to be ^? ( ,moses1 are 8 or 7,,ii47 ^? ( compil]s1 7,,iii47 or ^? ( ,esdras1 especially1 & 7,,iv47 :e!r !y 7 writt5 9 ! ,sam>itan1 or 7,v47 ! real ,hebrew language2 & 7,,vi47 if ! latt]1 :e!r we c und]/& t language4 ,all ^! matt]s are d\btful = _m reasons1 & especially x c be %[n f ! fir/ *apt]s ( ,g5esis t we c n correctly int]pret t language4 ,i confess ,i am unwill+ to conc]n myself ) ^! po9ts1 b ,i wi% to discuss ! man4 ,i4 ,f ,moses' own te/imony & inde$ 7a47 conc]n+ 8 life & "* :i* we h consid]$ above1 & :i*1 if any blame is atta*$ to ,mahomet on acc\nt ( ! fi]ce w>s he wag$1 especially aga9/ ! innoc5t1 is equally blamable1 & 9 o!r respects does n seem at all diff]5t f ,mahomet's4 7b47 ,conc]n+ ! au?ority ( 8 own tea*+4 ,& "h applies :at 0 said above ab\t ,moses' int]c\rse ) ,god1 :i* ,moses inde$ boa/$ ( b evid5tly ) too great exagg]ation4 ,= if any "o boa/s ( int]c\rse ) ,god ( an impossible nature1 8 int]c\rse is prop]ly d\bt$ & ,moses1 etc4 ,!re=e1 etc4 ,x is prov$ because he boa/s ( hav+ se5 t ( :i* 9 ! ,old & 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t aft]w>d1 x is v (t5 said t no eye has se5 7namely7 ,god face to face4 ,exodus xxxii4 #aa4 ,numb]s xii4 #h4 #ei ,?us he saw ,god 7#a7 9 8 own =m1 n 9 a vision nor 9 a dream 7#b71 b face to face z fri5d to fri5d :5 he spoke directly to him4 ,b any vision1 :i* 7#a7 is l t ( fri5ds speak+ face to face1 directly to "o ano!r1 7#b7 l t ( ! bless$ 9 ! o!r life1 is prop]ly call$ & consid]$ a vision ( ,god4 ,& ,moses1 etc4 ,!re=e1 etc4 ,! ,m9or premise is prov$ f ! passages previ\sly cit$ & f ! words ( ! ,apo/le3 !n inde$ face to face1 etc41 & !re is ! same argum5t 9 ! passages ( ,moses & 9 t ( ! ,apo/le4 ,& yet among ,*ri/ians ! belief is mo/ firmly e/abli%$ t no unju/ p]son c see ,god 9 ?is life4 ,& 9 ! above passage ( ,exodus xxxiii4 #bj1 #fj x is expressly add$3 y w n be able to see my face4 ,^! words ,god address$ to ,moses & !y are 9 direct contradiction to ! passages previ\sly cit$1 s t ^! claims c be expla9$ 9 no o!r way ?an by say+ t !y 7 add$ by a ?\ghtless compil]1 b by s do+ ! :ole is r5d]$ d\btful4 7c47 ,conc]n+ ! tea*+s ( ,moses1 :i* relate ei!r to ! laws or ! gospel4 ,among ! laws1 all ( :i* = ! sake ( brevity ,i c n n[ consid]1 ! decalogue is mo/ important1 be+ call$ ! special "w ( ,god & said to h be5 writt5 on ,m\nt ,horeb4 ,b x is evid5t x 0 devis$ by ,moses be=e x 0 writt5 by ,god1 because ^! comm&s are n 9 !mselves *>act]iz$ by ! p]fection ( ,god1 s9ce 7#a7 !y are ei!r sup]flu\s1 namely ! la/ ?ree1 argu+ f ! words ( ,*ri/ 9 ,ma?4 v1 #fa und\bt$ly relat+ to ! =m]1 :ile ! ,,ix %\ld n be sep>at$ f ! ,x1 & !y w likewise be sup]flu\s 7#b7 or !y are defective4 ,= :]e are ^! comm&m5ts3 ?\ %alt n desire to h o!r ,gods1 nor desire to curse ,god1 nor desire to desecrate ! ,sabba?1 nor to injure ?y p>5ts1 & simil> ones8 ,& is x to be presum$ t ,god w\ld =bid ! less] s9s ( covet+ a neighbor's h\se1 l& & prop]ty especially1 & 9 an ord] s extraord9>y1 & n ! great]8 ,z to ! tea*+ ( ,moses conc]n+ ! gospel1 he e/abli%es a v fooli% & untru/wor?y sign ( ! future great prophet1 or ,*ri/4 ,deut4 xviii1 #ba1 #bb1 #fb s9ce ?is sign makes fai? impossible = a long "t4 ,f ?is dictum x foll[s t ,*ri/1 hav+ pr$ict$ ! fall ( ,j]usalem1 ought n to h be5 consid]$ a true prophet :ile t prophecy 0 z yet unfulfill$ 7nor %\ld ,daniel1 until 8 prophecy _h be5 fulfill$71 & s ^? :o liv$ 9 ! int]val betwe5 ! "t ( ,*ri/ & ! ov]?r[ ( ,judea1 c n be blam$ = n believ+ 9 him1 al?\gh ,paul hurl$ ana!mas at ^? :o did n atta* !mselves to ,*ri/ be=e ! fall4 ,:atev] sign1 !n1 p]mits p = a long "t to believe :at !y please ) impunity1 c n proce$ f ,god1 b is ju/ly subject to suspicion4 ,& ?is sign 0 giv51 etc41 !re=e1 etc4 ,:at is said conc]n+ ! fulfillm5t ( o!r prophecies is no objection4 ,= x is ! special & g5u9e sign ( t great prophet1 t 8 pr$ictions are fulfill$4 ,:]e=e1 naturally1 previ\s to ?is fulfillm5t he c\ld n h be5 consid]$ su* a prophet4 ,! o!r absurd conclusion :i* evid5tly foll[s f ?is passage1 is ?is3 t al?\gh ?is sign ought to h be5 ! pro( ( ! div9e inspiration ( all prophets1 9 ! case ( c]ta9 prophets :o made pr$ictions1 indef9ite inde$1 b 9 words n admitt+ a moral int]pretation 7su* z soon1 swiftly1 ne>1 etc417 t sign c by no means be f\nd1 e4 g4 ,_m pr$ict ! la/ day ( ! _w & ,pet] said t t day 0 at h&2 !re=e1 s f>1 until x comes x w be impossible to consid] him a true prophet4 ,= su* is ! express requirem5t ,moses makes 9 ! passage cit$4 7d47 ,conc]n+ ! hi/ories ( ,moses4 ,b if ! ,koran is *>g$ ) conta9+ _m fables1 d\btless 9 ,g5esis !re are _m /ories to ar\se ! suspicions ( ! ?\ghtful read]3 z ! creation ( man f ! du/ ( ! e>?1 ! inspiration ( ! brea? ( life1 ! creation ( ,eve f ! rib ( ! man1 s]p5ts speak+ & s$uc+ human be+s1 :o 7 v wise & well aw>e t ! s]p5t 0 possess$ by ! fa!r ( lies1 ! eat+ ( an apple :i* 0 to br+ puni%m5t ^u ! :ole _w1 :i* w\ld make f9ite "o ( ! attributes ( ,god1 namely 8 clem5cy 7! attributes ( ,god be+ id5tical ) 8 ess5ce71 z ! r$emption ( ! fall5 w\ld make f9ite ! wra? ( ,god1 & s ,god himself3 = ! wra? ( ,god is ,god himself2 m5 eight or n9e hundr$ ye>s old2 ! passage ( ! animals into ! ark ( ,noah1 ! t[] ( ,babel1 ! confusion ( tongues1 etc41 etc4 ,^! & a ?\s& o!r /ories c n fail to impress ! inve/igat+ free?9k] z be+ simil> to ! fables1 especially ( ! ,rabb9s s9ce ! ,jewi% race is v mu* addict$ to ! use ( fables2 nor at all inconsi/5t ) o!r works1 to m5tion ^? ( ,ovid1 ! ,v$as1 ^? ( ! ,s95ses & ! ,brahm9s ( ,india1 :o tell t a beautiful daught] born f an egg bore ! _w1 & simil> absurdities4 ,b ,moses especially seems to arre/ our att5tion because he repres5ts ,god z contradict+ himself1 namely1 say+ t all ?+s 7 good & yet t x 0 n good = ,adam to be alone4 ,:5ce x foll[s t !re 0 some?+ ap>t f ,adam t 0 n good & s c\ld injure ! good condition ( ,adam1 :ile1 nev]!less1 ! solitude ( ,adam itself 0 ! "w ( ,god1 s9ce he _h creat$ goodness n only ( ! ess5ces b also ( ! qualities4 ,= all ?+s 7 good 9 t quality 9 :i* ,god _h creat$ !m4 ,i adduce z pro(3 ,x is impossible = any "w creat$ by ,god n to be good4 ,& ! solitude ( ,adam1 etc41 etc4 ,!re=e1 etc4 ,:oev] ent]s ^u ! /udy ( ! g5ealogies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t f9ds _m difficulties 9 ,moses4 ,i %all n n[ cite all1 cont5t+ myself ) m]ely ?is "o example1 s9ce ,paul1 ,i4 ,tim4 i41 #d1 #fc has taught t g5ealogies are useless1 & ! /udy ( !m unpr(itable1 nay1 to be avoid$4 ,( :at use 7 s _m sep>ate1 nay1 s (t times repeat$1 g5ealogies8 ,& !re is a rem>kable example to ar\se suspicion at lea/ ( ! corruption ( ! text or ( ! c>elessness ( compil]s1 9 ! case ( ! wives ( ,esau & ! diff]5t ?+s said ( !m4 ,,wives ,,( ,,esau4 #fd;,g5esis xxvi1 #cd3 ,judi?1 daught] ( ,b]it1 ! ,hittite4 ,basna?1 daught] ( ,elon1 ! ,hittite4 ,g5esis xxviii1 #i3 ,mahalaad1 daught] ( ,i%mael1 si/] ( ,nabajo?1 :o is m5tion$ aft] ! two =m]4 ,g5esis xxxvi1 #b3 ,ada1 daught] ( ,elon1 ! ,hittite4 ,akalibama1 ,c4 ,i4 ,basna?1 daught] ( ,i%mael1 si/] ( ,nabajo?4 ,! "o :o is call$ ,ada 9 ,g5esis xxxvi1 is call$ ,basna? 9 ,g54 xxvi1 namely1 ! daught] ( ,elon1 ! ,hittite1 & ! "o :o is call$ ,basna? 9 ,g54 xxxvi1 is call$ ,mahalaad 9 ,g54 xxviii1 namely1 ! si/] ( ,nabajo?1 al?\gh1 nev]!less1 ,mahalaad1 9 ! passage cit$ 9 ,g54 xxviii1 is said to h be5 m>ri$ aft] ,judi? & ,basna?1 previ\sly m5tion$ 9 ,g54 xxvi4 ,i d n yet see h[ ^! names are to be reconcil$4 ,& ^! & simil> passages increase ! suspicion t ! writ+s ( ,moses :i* we h1 h be5 put toge!r by compil]s & t errors 9 writ+ h crept 9 at "s "t4 ,f9ally ! mo/ conclusive argum5t aga9/ ! au!nticity ( ,moses is ! excessive tautology & useless repetition1 ) always ! same am\nt ( diff]5ce1 z if diff]5t passages _h be5 collect$ f diff]5t au?ors4 7,,ii47 ,to prove t ,moses is subject to suspicion f ! te/imony1 n ( 8 enemies only1 b f t ( ^? :o op5ly pr(ess$ to be 8 foll[]s & disciples4 ,& ?is te/imony is 7g47 ,( ,pet]1 ,acts xv4 #aj1 #fe call+ ! yoke ( ,moses insupportable3 & h5ce ei!r ,god mu/ be a tyrant1 :i* w\ld be inconsi/5t ) 8 nature1 or ,pet] speaks falsely1 or ! laws ( ,moses are n div9e4 7h47 ,( ,paul always speak+ slight+ly ( ! laws ( ,moses1 :i* he w\ld n d if he consid]$ !m div9e4 ,?us ,gal4 iv4 #ff he calls !m 7a47 ,bondage v4 #c1 #d1 b :o w\ld h s call$ ! laws ( ,god4 7b47 ,begg>ly comm&s v4 #i4 #fg 7c47 ,v4 #cj1 #fg he writes3 ,ca/ out ! bondwoman & h] son4 ,hag>1 ! bondwoman1 is ! cov5ant ( ,m\nt ,s9ai1 :i* is ! law ( ,moses accord+ to v4 #bd4 #fg ,b :o w\ld tol]ate ! say+1 ca/ out ! law ( ,god & its *ildr51 & foll[]s1 al?\gh ,paul himself1 z he ass]ts "h & 9 ! foll[+ *apt] ,gal4 iv4 #b1 #c1 #fg does n p]mit ,timo?y to be circumcis$4 ,act xvi4 #fh 7d47 ,he calls ! law a dead lett]1 & :at else does he n call x8 ,,ii4 ,cor4 iii41 #f-aj #fg & foll[+4 ,likewise he did n consid] its glory wor? consid]+4 c4 v41 #aj4 ,:o w\ld say su* ?+s ( ! mo/ holy law ( ,god8 ,if x is j z div9e z ! gospel x ought to h equal glory1 etc41 etc4 ,! te/imony ( ^? :o are outside ( ! ,jewi% or ,*ri/ian *ur*1 is etc41 etc4 ,,tantum4 ,,cornell ,,univ]sity ,,libr>y4 ,9 ! libr>y ( ,cornell ,univ]sity1 at ,i?aca1 ,n4 ,y41 is a l>ge collection ( ,sp9oza manuscripts & pr9t$ books by ! same au?or4 ,! collection 0 left to ! libr>y1 & is kn[n z ! ,/rauss ,collection4 ,9 ! collection is a manuscript copy ( ,la vie et l'esprit de ,m4 ,b5oit de ,sp9osa1 :i* includes ,le trait des trois ,impo/eurs4 ,?is p>ticul> manuscript is mu* long] ?an any ( ! pr9t$ editions ( ,trait des ,trois ,impo/eurs1 & includes sev]al m *apt]s ?an ano!r manuscript :i* is 9 same libr>y4 ,! pr9t$ editions usually conta9 six *apt]s1 al?\gh ! edition ,philadelphie1 #agif1 allud$ to on pages #ah-ai1 conta9s n9e *apt]s4 ,none ( ! pr9t$ editions t ,i h se5 conta9s a *apt] entitl$ ,numa ,pompilius4 ,! manuscript 9 ,cornell libr>y has six additional *apt]s m ?an our manuscript1 #agaf1 :i* *apt]s are entitl$3 #a4 ,religions4 #b4 ,( ! ,div]sity ( ,religions4 #c4 ,divisions ( ,*ri/ians4 #d4 ,! ,sup]/iti\s1--( ! sup]/ition & cr$ulity ( ! p4 #e4 ,( ! ,orig9 ( ,mon>*ies4 #f4 ,( ,legislators & ,politicians1 & h[ !y s]ve !mselves ) ,religion4 ,^! *apt]s be+ b an elaboration ( ! matt]s & ideas conta9$ 9 our ,engli% translation4--,a4 ,n4 ,,translations ,,( ,,lat9 ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,! ,,text4 ,p4 #h1 p>agraph #c1 ,a!ismus ,triumphatus4 ,a!ism de/roy$4 ,p4 #aj1 p>agraph #a1 ,p]9i del ,vago1 ,equitis de ,malta1 ,epi/olium ad ,batavum 9 ,brittania hospitem de tribus ,impo/oribus1 7#c ,greek words omitt$74 ,epi/le to ,batavus1 a fri5d 9 ,brita91 ab\t ! ,?ree ,impo/ors 7! ,pamphlete]s1 ,sycophants & s-call$ ,doctors74 ,p4 #ab1 l9e #b1 ,ridiculum et impo/urae 9 omni hom9um religione1 scriptio p>adoxa1 quam ex autographo gallico ,victoris ,amadeo ,v]imontii ob summam rei dignitatem 9 lat9um s]monem tran/ulit4 ,:at is ridicul\s1 & ! impo/ures 9 e religion ( mank9d1 a /range writ+1 :i* he translat$ into ,lat9 f ! orig9al ,fr5* ( ,victor ,amadeus ,v]imontius1 on acc\nt ( ! great wor? ( ! subject matt]4 ,p4 #ab1 l9e #i1 ,qua$am deficiunt s4 fragm5tum de libro de tribus impo/oribus4 ,c]ta9 ?+s are miss+4 ,8 fragm5t ( ! book ab\t ! ?ree impo/ors4 ,p4 #ab1 l9e #ab1 ,de impo/uris religionum breve4 ,comp5dium descriptum ab exempl>i manuscripto quod 9 biblio!ca ,j4 ,fr$4 ,may]i1 ,b]ol9i1 publice di/racta depreh5sum et a ,pr9cipe ,eug5io de ,sabaudio1 #hj ,imp]ialibus r$emtum fuit4 ,an ab/ract ab\t ! impo/ures ( religions4 ,an abridgm5t copi$ f ! orig9al manuscript :i*1 at ! disp]sal ( ! libr>y ( ,j4 ,fr$4 ,may] ( ,b]l91 0 discov]$ & repur*as$ by ,pr9ce ,eug5e de ,sabaudio = #hj imp]ials4 ,p4 #ab1 l9e #ah1 ,communes namque demon/rationes1 quae publicantur1 nec c]tae1 nec evid5tes1 sunt1 et res dubias p] alias saepe magias dubias probant1 adeo ut exemplo eorum1 qui circulum currunt1 ad t]m9um semp] r$eant1 a quo curr]e incep]ant4 ,f9is4 ,= ! ord9>y argum5ts :i* are set =?1 are n e/abli%$1 nor are !y evid5t1 & prove d\btful matt]s by o!rs (t5 mu* m d\btful1 j l ^? :o run 9 a circle1 & always return to ! />t+ po9t4 ,end4 ,p4 #ab1 la/ #g l9es1 ,quamvis omnium hom9em int]sit nosse v]itatem1 r>i tam5 boni illi qui eam norunt1 etc4 ,al?\gh x is to ! int]e/ ( all m5 to "k ! tru?1 nev]!less ^? few good m5 :o "k x1 etc4 ,qui v]itates amantes sunt1 multum solatii inde capi5t1 et hi sunt1 quibus plac]e ge/imus1 nil curantes mancipia1 quae prejudicia oraculorum--infallibilium loco v5]antur4 ,^? :o are lov]s ( ! tru? w d]ive mu* com=t f ?is1 & ^? are ! ones :om we are anxi\s to please1 n c>+ = ^? s]vile p]sons :o rev]5ce prejudices z infallible oracles4 ,p4 #ac1 p>agraph #g1 ,de impo/ura religionum comp5dium s4 lib] de tribus impo/oribus4 ,treatise ab\t ! impo/ure ( religions4 ,8 book ab\t ! ?ree impo/ors4 ,p4 #ae1 p>agraph #b1 ,homo sum1 nihil humania me ali5um puto4 ,i am a man1 ,i consid] no?+ human ali5 to me4 ,page #bi1 #d? p>agraph4 ,lat9 or?ography correct$3 ,quod de tribus famosissimis ,nationum ,deceptoribus 9 ord9em4 ,jussu4 meo digessit ,doctissimus ille vir1 quocum ,s]monem de illa re 9 ,museo meo habui/i exscribi curavi atque codicem illum /ilo aeque1 v]o ac puro scriptum ad te ut primum mitto1 et5im ipsius p]leg5di te accipio cupidissimum4 ,?is treatise ab\t ! ?ree mo/ fam\s impo/ors ( ! _w1 9 accordance ) my in/ructions 0 put 9 ord] by t s*ol> ) :om y _h ! conv]sation conc]n+ t matt] 9 my libr>y1 ,i _h x copi$1 & t ,,ms4 writt5 9 a /yle equally g5u9e & simple4 ,i s5d y z soon z possible1 = ,i am sure y are v eag] to read x4 ,p4 #bi-cj1 la/ p>agraph1 7,lat9 or?ography correct$71 ,i4 lib] de ,nat4 ,deor4 ,qui ,deos esse dix]unt tanta sunt 9 ,v>ietate et diss5tione con/ituti ut eorum mole/um sit d9um]>e s5t5tias4 ,alt]um fi]i pr(ecto pote/ ut eorum nulla1 alt]um c]te non pote/ ut plus unum v]a fit4 ,summi quos 9 ,republica obt9u]at honores orator ille ,romanus1 eaque quam s]v>e famam ,/udiote curabat1 9 causa fu]e quod 9 ,condone ,deos non ausus sit neg>e quamquam 9 conte/a ,philosophorum1 etc4 ,i4 ,book ab\t ! nature ( ! ,gods4 ,^? :o h said t !re are ,gods1 are *>act]iz$ by su* a v>iety ( ideas & diff]5ce ( belief1 t x w\ld be difficult to enum]ate _! op9ions4 ,on ! "o h& x might inde$ happ5 t n "o ( _! op9ions 0 true1 b on ! o!r h&1 c]ta9ly n m ?an "o c be true4 ,! great honors :i* t fam\s ,roman orator _h ga9$ 9 ! /ate1 & t reputation1 :i* he took ! mo/ zeal\s c>e to ma9ta91 7 ! reason :y 9 a public spee* he d>$ n d5y ! ,gods1 al?\gh 9 a discussion ( philosoph]s1 etc4 ,p4 #ce1 la/ p>agraph1 ,de pote/e ,imp]iali1--,( ! ,imp]ial p[]4 ,p4 #add1 ,,tantum--,s ,f>4 ,,quixotism4 ,did y ev] att5d a meet+ ( ! society = !--p]haps ,i _h bett] n m5tion ! "n ( ! society1 le/ ,i tread on y\r favorite ,quixotism4 ,suffice x to say t x has a noble purpose4 ,x aims at no?+ less ?an ! complete trans=mation ( human society1 by ! use ( means :i*1 to say ! lea/1 seem q inadequate4 ,aft] ! m9utes ( ! la/ meet+ h be5 read1 & ! objects ( ! society h be5 once m /at$ ) mu* detail1 !re is an opportunity = discussion f ! floor4 ,p]haps !re is "s "o :o may give "s new sugge/ions1 or :o may desire to ask a "q4 ,y h obs]v$ :at happ5s to ! un=tunate que/ion]4 ,:at a sorry exhibition he makes ( himself6 ,no soon] does he op5 8 m\? ?an e "o recognizes 8 intellectual feebl5ess4 ,he seems unable to grasp ! simple/ ideas4 ,he /umbles at ! fir/ premise1 & lies sprawl+ at ! v ?re%old ( ! argum5t4 ,if :at ,i h tak5 = grant$ be true1 says ! *airman1 d n all ! f9e ?+s ,i h be5 tell+ y ab\t foll[ necess>ily8 ,b1 murmurs ! que/ion]1 ! ?+s y take = grant$ are j :at tr\ble me4 ,!y don't correspond to my exp]i5ce4 ,poor1 feeble m9d$ que/ion]6 cry ! memb]s ( ! society1 to ?9k t he is n able to take ?+s = grant$6 ,& !n to set up 8 exp]i5ce aga9/ our con/itution & by-laws6 ,! ,g5tle ,read]--,quixotism--,samuel ,m4 ,cro!rs4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page4 ,introduction #c ,bibliography #g ,diss]tation #bf ,lett] ( ,fr$]ic ! ,emp]or1 to ,o?o1 ! ,illu/ri\s #cg ,,treatise4 ,god1 ( #ch 7,orig9ally ,secs4 #a-f1 lat]1 ,*ap4 ,i47 ,reasons :i* h caus$ mank9d to create = !mselves an ,invisible ,be+ :i* has be5 commonly call$ ,god #dd 7,orig9ally ,secs4 #a-i & x-xi1 lat] ,*ap4 ,,ii47 ,god1 :at is #eb 7,orig9ally ,secs4 x-xi1 lat]1 ,secs4 #a-b1 ,*ap4 ,,iii47 ,religions1 :at ! ^w signifies1 & h[ & :y su* a great numb] h be5 introduc$ 9 ! _w #ef 7,orig9ally ,secs4 i-xxiii1 lat]1 ,secs4 #a-h1 ,*ap4 ,,iv47 ,moses1 ( #fb 7,orig9ally ,secs4 ix-x1 lat]1 ,secs4 #a-b1 ,*ap4 ,v47 ,numa ,pompilius1 ( #ga 7,orig9ally ,secs4 xi1 lat]1 ,*ap4 ,,vi47 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ( #gb 7,orig9ally ,secs4 xii1 lat]1 ,*ap4 ,,vii47 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ( ! ,policy ( #ge 7,orig9ally ,secs4 xiii-xvi1 lat]1 ,secs4 #a-f1 ,*ap4 ,,viii47 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ( ! ,morals ( #hj 7,orig9ally ,secs4 xvii-xviii1 lat]1 ,secs4 #a-c1 ,*ap4 ,,ix47 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ( ! ,div9ity ( #hd 7,orig9ally ,secs1 xix-xxi1 lat]1 ,secs4 #a-c1 ,*ap4 ,x47 ,mahomet #hh 7,orig9ally ,secs4 xxii-xxiii1 lat]1 ,secs4 #a-c1 ,*ap4 ,,xi47 ,tru?s1 s5sible & obvi\s #ic 7,orig9al ,secs4 i-vi47 ,s\l1 ( ! #if 7,orig9al ,secs4 i-vii47 ,demons1 ( ,spirits call$ #aja 7,orig9al ,secs4 i-vii47 ,app5dicitis #ajg ,mahomet1 ,edition ,en ,suisse1 #agic #ajg ,de ,tribus ,impo/oribus1 ,edition ,,mdiic #aaa 7,a lit]al translation ( ,lat9 repr9t by ,e4 ,well]1 #ahgf47 ,cornell ,univ]sity #ade ,translations ( ,lat9 9 ! ,text #adf ,! ,g5tle ,read]--,quixotism #adi ,,errata4 ,p4 #e1 #b;d p>agraph1 #a/ l9e1 ,w]n] %\ld read ,well]4 ,p4 #ab1 l9e #e1 s]mon5 %\ld read s]monem4 ,orig9al ,mss41 ,a4 ,d4 #agaf1 ,conta9s-- ,diss]tation1 pp4 #bf-cf1 #ccjj words ,fr5*4 ,treatise1 pp4 #cg-aja1 #aihjj words ,fr5*4 ----- ,total1 #bcajj words4 ,well]'s repr9t1 #ahgf1 ,edition1 #aeih conta9s #ehjj words ,lat94 ,,notes #a ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,?ree ,infam\s ,impo/ors ( ?is ,age4 #a4 ,padre ,ottomano1 a pret5d$ son ( ! ,sultan ( ,turkey :o fl\ri%$ ab\t #afej1 & :o latt]ly1 "u ! above title1 became a ,dom9ican ,fri>4 #b4 ,mahom$ ,bei1 alias ,joannes ,mi*ael ,cigala1 :o masqu]ad$ z a ,pr9ce ( ! ,ottoman family1 a desc5dant ( ! ,emp]or ,solyman ! ,magnific5t1 & 9 o!r *>act]s ab\t #affj4 #c4 ,sabbatai ,sevi1 ! pret5d$ ,messiah ( ! ,jews1 ! ,only & ,fir/-borne ,son ( ,god1 :o amus$ ! ,jews & ,turks ab\t #afff4 #b ,la vie et l'esprit de ,m4 ,b5oit de ,sp9osa 0 publi%$ )\t ! au?or's "n1 9 ,am/]dam #agai4 ,9 ! ,preface du ,copi/e x is /at$ t ! au?or ( x is n kn[n1 b t if a conjecture might be p]mitt$ x might be said1 p]haps ) c]titude1 t ! book is ! "w ( ! late ,mr4 ,lucas1 s fam\s = 8 ,qu9tess5ces & = 8 mann]s & way ( liv+4 ,kuno ,fis*]1 9 8 ,desc>tes und se9e ,s*ule4 ,zweit] ,!il1 ,heidelb]g1 #ahhi1 p4 #aja1 says3 ,! real au?or ( ! "w is n kn[n ) entire c]ta9ty2 probably ! au?or 0 ,lucas1 a physician at ! ,hague1 notori\s 9 8 own day2 o!rs "n z au?or a c]ta9 ,vroese4 ,freud5?al1 9 8 ,die ,leb5sges*i*te ,sp9oza's4 ,leipzig1 #ahii1 writ+ ( ! v>i\s conjectures z to ! au?or%ip ( ! book1 /ates t ,w4 ,mey] has lately s\ght to prove t ,johan ,l\ck]s1 a ,hague attorney1 0 ! au?or1 b t ! au?or%ip _h n be5 settl$4 ,oett+] 9 8 ,bibliographie ,biographie ,univ]selle1 ,bruxelles #ahed1 p4 #agjg1 gives ,lucas ,vroese z ! au?or4 ,x has also be5 sugge/$ t ,lucas & ,vroese 7 two m5 & toge!r wrote ! book4 ,! au?ority = ascrib+ ! book to ,vroese1 ( ^: life no p>ticul>s seem to h be5 record$1 appe>s to be ! foll[+ passage 9 ! ,dictionnaire ,hi/orique1 p> ,prosp] ,m>*&1 la ,haye1 #ageh1 v4 #a41 p4 #ceb3 ,a la f9 d'une copie manuscrit de ce ,trait que j'ai ve et le1 on lui donne p\r vritable ,auteur a ,mr4 ,vroese1 conseill] de la c\r de ,brabant la ,haie1 dont ,aymon et ,r\sset ret\*r5t le langage2 et que ce d]ni] y aj\ta la ,diss]tation ou ,rponse depuis imprime *ez ,s*eurle]4 ,! "n ,vroese appe>s at ! side ( ! colophon at end ( our translation1 b probably z a ref]5ce only4 #c ,?is is probably a ,lat9 edition ( ! orig9al manuscript f :i* our translation 0 made4--,ed4 #d ,see translation ,*ap4 #a ,( ,god1 fir/ two l9es4 #e ,,disraeli',s ,,curiosities ,,( ,,lit]ature4 ,title1 ,lit]>y ,=g]ies4 ,! ,duc de la ,valli]e & ! ,abbe de ,/4 ,leg]1 once conc]t$ toge!r to supply ! eag] pur*as] ( lit]>y r>ities ) a copy ( ,de ,tribus ,impo/oribus1 a book1 by ! date1 pret5d$ to h be5 pr9t$ 9 #aeih1 ?\gh probably a mod]n =g]y ( #afih4 ,! title ( su* a book _h long exi/$ by rumor1 b nev] 0 a copy se5 by man4 ,works pr9t$ ) ?is title h all be5 prov$ to be mod]n fabrications--a copy h[ev] ( ! 'intr\vable' orig9al 0 sold at ! ,duc de la ,valli]e's sale4 ,! hi/ory ( ?is volume is curi\s4 ,! ,duc & ! ,abbe hav+ manufactur$ a text _h x pr9t$ 9 ! old ,go?ic "*1 "u ! title ',de ,tribus ,impo/oribus4' ,!y propos$ to put ! great bibliopobet1 ,de ,bure1 9 good humor1 ^: ag5cy w\ld sanction ! imposition4 ,!y 7 aft]w>ds to dole out copies at #be l\is ea*1 :i* w\ld h be5 a reasonable price = a book :i* no "o ev] saw6 ,!y invit$ ,de ,bure to d9n]1 flatt]$ & cajol$ him1 &1 z !y imag9$ at ! mom5t !y _h w\nd him up to _! pit*1 !y exhibit$ _! manufacture--! ke5-ey$ glance ( ! r5[n$ catalogu] ( ! ',bibliographie ,in/ructive' in/antly %ot l lightn+ ov] x1 & l lightn+1 de/roy$ ! :ole edition4 ,he n only discov]$ ! =g]y b reprobat$ x6 ,he refus$ 8 sanction2 & ! =g+ ,duc & ,abbe1 9 confusion suppress$ ! 'livre intr\vable'2 b !y ow$ a grudge to ! hone/ bibliograph] & attempt$ to write d[n ! "w :5ce ! ,de ,bures d]ive _! fame4 #f ,! names are not$ on title page 9 p5cil4 #g ,! ,fr5* nation recognize ! ,supreme ,be+1 ! ,immortality ( ! ,s\l1 & ! ,fre$om ( ,wor%ip4 #h ,treatise ( ! ,dom9ant ,religions4 #i ,9 old pr9ts ,moses is always depict$ ) horns on 8 =ehead4 #aj ,:5 !y weep at ,rome1 !y d n laugh 9 ,p>is4 #aa ,!re is a measure 9 ev]y?+4 #ab ,z to ! pr9t+ ( ! book !y c br+ =w>d no pro( :atev] ( its hav+ be+ done prior to ?is date 7#agaf7 & x is impossible to conceive t ,fr$]ick1 surr\nd$ z he 0 by enemies1 w\ld h circulat$ a "w :i* gave a fair opportunity ( proclaim+ 8 infidelity4 ,x is probable !re=e t !re 7 only two copies1 ! orig9al "o & t s5t to ,o?o ( ,bav>ia4 ,j4 ,l4 ,r4 ,l4 #ac ,?is phrase is frequ5tly employ$ to express ecclesia/ical criticism4 ,its fir/ application h[ev] _h a m pung5t mean+4 ,! individual "h allud$ to hav+ boldly assail$ ! errors ( ! ,*ur* 0 attack$ "o ev5+ by an assass94 ,=tunately ! bl[ did n prove fatal2 b ! weapon 7a /ylus1 or dagg]1 :i* is also ! ,lat9 "n = a p57 hav+ be5 left 9 ! w\nd1 on 8 recov]y he wore x 9 8 girdle labell$1 ,! ,!ological ,/ylus1 or ,p5 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! tr5*ant p[]s ( ?is in/rum5t h m frequ5tly be5 employ$ to repress tru?1 ?an to refute argum5t4 #ad ,sep4 #bj1 #agjc4 #ae ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa 0 ,emp]or ( ,g]many 9 #aaeb & 0 dr[n$ dur+ ,crusade 9 ,syria ,june #aj1 #aaij4 ,he creat$ ,h5ry ! ,lion 78 ,h5ry ,,vi47 ,duke ( ,bav>ia 9 #aaed1 expell$ him 9 #aahj1 & ,h5ry di$ #aaie4 ,o?o ! ,great1 ,c\nt ( ,witelspa*1 0 made ,duke ( ,bav>ia #aahj1 & di$ #aahc4 ,he 0 ! gr&fa!r ( ,o?o ! ,illu/ri\s1 :o ga9$ ! ,palat9ate & 0 assass9at$ 9 #abca4 ,he m>ri$ ! daught] ( ,h5ry ! ,lion ab\t #abcj4 ,h5ry ,,vi succe$$ to ! ,empire on dea? ( 8 fa!r1 ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa1 #aaij1 & di$ #aaie--t is if ,h5ry ! ,lion & ,h5ry ,,vi are id5tical4 ,fr$]ick ,,ii1 son ( ,h5ry ,,vi1 began to reign 787 #aaie1 & 0 liv+ #abdc4 ,! succession ( ,popes dur+ ! p]iod #aaeb-abed 7,haydn's ,dict4 ( ,dates71 0 z foll[s3 ,ana/asius ,,iv1 #aaec1 ,adrian ,,iv1 #aaed1 7,ni*olas ,brakespe>e1 ! only ,engli%man elect$ ,pope4 ,fr$]ick ,i4 pro/rat$ himself be=e him1 kiss$ 8 foot1 held 8 /irrup1 & l$ ! :ite palfrey on :i* he rode47 ,alex&] ,,iii4 #aaei1 7,canoniz$ ,?omas ,becket & resi/$ ,fr$]ick ,i47 ,victor ,v4 #aaei1 ,pascal ,,iii4 #aafd1 ,calixtus ,,iii4 #aafh1 ,lucius ,,iii4 #aaha4 ,urban ,,iii4 #aahe1 7oppos$ ,fr$]ick ,i47 ,gregory ,,viii4 7#b mon?s7 #aahg4 ,clem5t ,,iii4 #aahg1 proclaim$ ?ird ,crusade4 ,cele/9 ,,iii4 #aaia4 ,innoc5t ,,iii4 #aaih1 excommunicat$ ,john1 ,k+ ( ,engl&4 ,honorius ,,iii4 #abaf1 le>n$ & pi\s4 ,gregory ,,ix4 #abbg1 prea*$ new ,crusade4 ,cele/9e ,,iv4 #abda4 ,innoc5t ,,iv4 #abdc-abed 7oppos$ ,fr$]ick ,,ii474 ,if ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 caus$ pamphlet to be writt5 ab\t #abcj1 x c\ld n h be5 burn$ by ,honorius ,,iii41 :o reign$ z ,pope #abaf-abbg1 b by ,gregory ,,ix41 :o reign$ #abbg-abda1 :o s5t ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 to ! ,crusades1 upset 8 affairs :ile he 0 gone1 & aga9/ :om ! ,diss]tation says ! pamphlet 0 writt54 #af ,c>lyle1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ( ,prussia1 call$ ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 m5tions ,h]mann von d] ,saltza1 a new sagaci\s ,teuts*mei/] or ,ho*mei/] 7s !y call ! head ( ! ,ord]7 ( ! ,teutonic ,knights1 a f>-see+1 negotiat+ man1 :o dur+ 8 long ,ma/]%ip 7,a4 ,d4 #abaj-abci17 is mo/ly to be f\nd at ,v5ice & n at ,acre or ,j]usalem4 ,he is v great ) ! busy ,kais]1 ,fr$]ick ,,ii41 ,b>b>ossa's gr&son1 :o has ! usual qu>rels ) ! ,pope1 & is glad ( su* a negotiator1 /atesman z well z arm$ monk4 ,a ,kais] n gone on ! ,crusade1 z he _h v[$3 ,kais] at la/ suspect$ ( free ?9k+ ev53--9 :i* matt]s ,h]mann mu* s]ves ! ,kais]4--,p's ,edition1 ,bo/on1 #ahhe1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #ib4 #ag ,pi]re des ,vignes1 suspect$ ( hav+ conspir$ aga9/ ! life ( ! ,emp]or1 0 condemn$ to lose 8 eyes1 & 0 h&$ ov] to ! inhabitants ( ,pisa1 8 cruel enemies3 & :]e despair ha/5$ 8 dea? 9 an infam\s dungeon :]e he c\ld hold int]c\rse ) no "o4 #ah ,9 ,volney's ,lectures on ,hi/ory1 x is said3 ,if a "w be translat$ x always receives a col\r+ :i* is m or less fa9t or is vivid accord+ to ! op9ions & ability ( ! ,translator4 ,f an exam9ation ( o!r translations ( ?is ,treatise1 ,i am assur$ t ,volney's /atem5t above has actuat$ & gov]n$ all :o h be5 previ\sly engag$ ) ?is "w4 ,i c assure ! read]s h]e(1 t ! ,treatise conta9$ h]e9 is a lit]al translation ( ! manuscript & ! notes f\nd !re91 & no lib]ties h be5 tak5 ) ! text4 ,any additional notes f o!r s\rces are s m>k$4 ,a4 ,n4 #ai ,moses kill$ at "o "t #bd1jjj m5 = oppos+ 8 law4 #bj ,x is writt5 9 ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,k+s1 *4 #bb1 v4 #f1 t ,ahab1 ,k+ ( ,israel1 consult$ #djj prophets1 & f\nd !m entirely false 9 ! success ( _! pr$ictions4 #ba ,man is ! noble/ "w ( ,god--b nobody ev] said s b man4--,fra ,elb]tus4 #bb ,s ( wat]1 h[ev]1 x may be subject to g5]ation & corruption1 z long z x is sub/ance x is n subject to sep>ation & division4 #bc ,! f\r fir/ ,c\ncils 7 #a4 ,t ( ,nice 9 ! ye> #cde1 "u ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e ! ,great1 & "u ,pope ,sylve/] ,i42 #b4 ,t ( ,con/ant9ople 9 ! ye> #cha1 "u ! ,emp]ors ,gratian1 ,val5t9ian & ,!odore & ! ,pope ,damase ,i42 #c4 ,t ( ,ephesus 9 ! ye> #dca1 "u ! ,emp]or ,!odore1 ! y\ng]1 & ,val5t9ian & "u ! ,pope ,cele/92 #d4 ,t ( ,*alc$on 9 ! ye> #dea1 "u ,val5t9ian & ,m>tian1 & "u ,pope ,leo ,i4 #bd ,^!1 among u1 are ! ,a/rolog]s & ,fanatics4 #be ,! ,talmud rem>ks t ! ,rabb9s delib]at$ :e!r !y %\ld omit ! ,book ( ,prov]bs & t ( ,ecclesia/es f ! numb] ( canonicals1 & w\ld h done s _h !y n f\nd 9 sev]al places t !y eulogiz$ ! ,mosaic law4 ,!y w\ld h done ! same ) ! prophecies ( ,ezekiel _h n a c]ta9 ,*ananias und]took to h>monize !m ) ! same law4 #bf ,! v]sions t we h diff] greatly 9 a ?\s& places1 "o ) ano!r1 until ! end ( ! book4 #bg ,see ,t]tullian ante1 also ,hobbes' ,levia?an1 ,c4 #ab1 p4 #ef4 #bh ,?is ^w mu/ n be tak5 9 ! ord9>y s5se1 = :at is call$ a magician among le>n$ p means an adroit man1 a skillful *>latan1 & a subtle juggl] ^: entire art consi/s 9 dext]ity & skill1 & n 9 any compact ) ! devil z ! common p believe4 #bi ,he rema9$ f "t to "t 9 a solit>y place "u pretext ( privately conf]r+ ) ,god1 & by ?is pret5d$ int]c\rse ) ! ,div9ity he taught !m a respect & ob$i5ce :i* 01 9 ! mean:ile1 unlimit$4 #cj ,see ,book ( ,k+s1 ,*apt] ,,ii4 #ca ,romulus dr[n$ himself 9 ! morass ( ,*]res1 & 8 body n be+ f\nd1 x 0 believ$ t he 0 rais$ to heav5 & deifi$4 ,:5 ,romulus 0 review+ 8 =ces 9 ! pla9 ( ,caprae !re sudd5ly arose a ?und]/orm dur+ :i* he 0 envelop$ 9 s ?ick a cl\d t he 0 lo/ to ! view ( 8 army3 nor !reaft] on ?is e>? 0 ,romulus se54 ,livy ,i4 #a1 c4 #af4 #cb ,emp$ocles1 a celebrat$ philosoph]1 ?rew himself into ! crat] ( ,m\nt ,etna1 to cause ! belief t1 l ,romulus1 he 0 rais$ to heav54 #cc ,x is record$ by ,livy 7lib] ,,ii41 c4 #ba17 t !re is a grove ?r\gh :i* fl[$ a p]5nial /ream1 tak+ its orig9 9 a d>k cave1 9 :i* ,numa 0 accu/om$ to meet ! goddess1 & to receive in/ructions z to 8 political & religi\s in/itutions4 #cd ,brea? or inspiration ( ! ,gods4 #ce ,! ,t>t>s ass]t t ,g5ghis ,khan 0 born ( a virg91 & t ,foh1 accord+ to ! ,*9ese belief1 d]iv$ 8 orig9 f a virg9 r5d]$ pregnant by ! rays ( ! sun4 ,s9ce ! introduction ( ! umbrella or sun-%ade into ! ,c5tral ,fl[]y ,k+dom occurr5ces l ! latt] h be5 infrequ5t4 #cf ,celsus says1 9 ,orig51 t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a native ( a little hamlet 9 ,judea1 & t 8 "m 0 a poor villag] :o only exi/$ by h] labor4 ,hav+ be5 convict$ ( adult]y ) a soldi] nam$ ,p&ira1 %e 0 induc$ to flee by h] betro!d1 :o 0 a c>p5t] by trade1 :o condon$ _! (f5ce1 & !y w&]$ mis]ably f place to place4 ,%e 0 secretly deliv]$ ( ,jesus1 & f9d+ !mselves 9 want1 !y 7 con/ra9$ to flee to ,egypt4 ,aft] sev]al ye>s1 8 s]vices be+ ( no value to ! ,egyptians1 he return$ to 8 own c\ntry1 :]e1 q pr\d ( ! miracles he knew h[ to p]=m1 he proclaim$ himself ,god4 ,human nature 0 at ^? times n fundam5tally diff]5t f :at x is n[1 & we ne$1 !re=e1 n be surpris$ to he> t "o ( ! /alw>t ,roman w>riors1 ^: "n 0 ,p&ira1 fell 9 love ) "o ( ! d>k-ey$ daught]s ( ,naz>e?1 & t ! fruit ( _! illegitimate union 0 a son :om !y call$ ,jeho%ua1 & :o inh]it$ f 8 fa!r ! manly pride ( ! ,roman1 & f 8 ,jewi% "m 8 almo/ fem99e beauty & mode/y4 ,( ,jeho%ua's "m1 little is to be said4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ignorant1 innoc5t1 & ( mode/ mann]s1 un$ucat$ b k9d1 sympa!tic & beautiful1 ,/ada1 l _m o!rs ( h] sex1 0 guid$ m by ! decision ( h] he>t ?an by ! calculations ( h] intellect4 ,h] he>t ye>n$ = love & %e hop$ to f9d 9 ,p&ira ! realization ( h] ideal4--,life ( ,jeho%ua1 ,! ,prophet ( ,naz>e?1 an ,occult ,/udy & a ,key to ! ,bible4 ,franz ,h>tmann1 ,m4 ,d41 ,bo/on1 #ahhi4 #cg ,a beautiful dove ov]%ad[$ a virg92 !re is no?+ surpris+ 9 t4 ,x happ5$ frequ5tly 9 ,lydia1 & ! swan ( ,l$a is ! c\nt]p>t ( ! dove ( ,m>y4 ,qu'un beau ,pigeon a tire d'aile ,:5 a pretty dove "u h] w+ ,vi5ne abombr] une ,pucelle1 ,happ5s to conceal a ,virg91 ,ri5 n'e/ supr5ant en cela2 ,!re is no?+ surpris+ 9 t4 ,l'on en vit autant en ,lydie4 ,! same ?+ is kn[n 9 ,lydia1 ,et le beau ,cygne de ,l$a ,= ! beautiful swan ( ,l$a ,vaut bi5 le ,pigeon de ,m>ie4 ,is j z good z ,m>y's pigeon4 #ch ,9 ! book ( ,samuel1 *ap4 vii1 x is relat$ t ! ,israelites be+ discont5t$ ) ! sons ( ,samuel :o judg$ !m1 dem&$ a ,k+1 ! same z o!r nations1 ) :om !y wi%$ to con=m4 #ci ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 ( ! sect ( ! ,ph>isees1 or ! poor1 :o 7 oppos$ to ! ,sadducees1 :o =m$ ! sect ( ! ri*4 #dj ,by ?is ,norman reply he elud$ ! "q4 ,a ,norman nev] says yes1 or no4 ,blason populaire de la ,norm&ie4 #da ,vide ,boniface ,,viii4 7#abid7 & ,leo ,x4 7#aeac7 ,boniface said t m5 _h ! same s\ls z bea/s1 & t ^! human & be/ial s\ls liv$ no long] ?an ea* o!r4 ,! ,gospel also says t all o!r laws tea* sev]al virtues & sev]al lies2 = example1 a ,tr9ity :i* is false1 ! *ild-bir? ( a ,virg9 :i* is impossible1 & ! inc>nation & transub/antiation :i* are ridicul\s4 ,i d n believe1 cont9u$ he1 o!r ?an t ! ,virg9 0 a %e-ass1 & h] son ! issue ( a %e-ass4 ,leo ,x4 w5t "o day to a room :]e 8 treasures 7 kept1 & exclaim$ we mu/ admit t ?is fable ( ,jesus ,*ri/ has be5 q pr(itable to u4 #db ,! belief 9 ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e is /range & wild to reason & human judgm5t4 ,x is contr>y to all ,philosophy & disc\rse ( ,tru?1 z may be se5 9 all ! articles ( fai? :i* c nei!r be compreh5d$ nor und]/ood by human intellect1 = !y appe> impossible & q /range4 ,mank9d1 9 ord] to believe & receive !m1 mu/ control & subject 8 reason1 submitt+ 8 und]/&+ to ! ob$i5ce ( ! fai?4 ,/4 ,paul says t if man consid]s & he>s philosophy & measures ?+s by ! compass ( ,tru?1 he w =sake all1 & ridicule x z folly4 ,t is ! av[al made by ,*>ron 9 a book entitl$ ,! ,?ree ,tru?s1 page #ahj4 ,edition ( ,bordeaux1 #aeic4 7,?is ins]t$ note is writt5 on ! back ( a portion ( a lett] address$ to ,pr9ce graaft by de ,spiegel/raat4 ,a ,am/]dam1 po/m>k$ ,ce #d;e4 ,a\t4 #agdf47 #dc ,h]maphrodites4 #dd ,:i* det]m9$ ! ,emp]or ,julian to ab&on ! sect ( ,naz>5es ^: fai? he reg>d$ z a vulg> fiction ( ! human m9d1 :i* he f\nd bas$ solely on a simple tale ( ,p]diccas4 #de ,also 8 belief 9 visions & ! leg5d ( 8 translation to ,heav54 #df ,a fri5d ( ! celebrat$ ,golius hav+ ask$ :at ! ,mahometans said ( _! prophet1 ?is wise pr(essor s5t him ! foll[+ extract :i* conta9s an abridgem5t ( ! life ( t ,impo/or tak5 f a manuscript 9 ! ,turki% language3 ,! ,"l ,mahomet ,mu/apha1 ( glori\s memory1 ! greate/ ( ! ,prophets1 0 born 9 ! =tie? ye> ( ! ,empire ( ,anal ,s*irwan1 ! ,j4 ,8 holy nativity happ5$ ! twelf? day 9 ! second ?ird ( ! mon? ,rabia4 ,n[1 aft] ! =tie? ye> ( 8 age _h pass$1 he 0 div9ely inspir$1 receiv$ ! cr[n ( prophecy & ! robe ( ,legation1 :i* 7 br\ght him f ,god by ! fai?ful mess5g] ,gabriel1 ) in/ructions to call mank9d to ,islamism4 ,aft] ?is inspiration f ,god 0 receiv$1 he dwelt at ,mecca = ?irte5 ye>s4 ,he left !re ag$ fifty-?ree ye>s ! eigh? day ( ! mon? ,rabia1 :i* 0 a ,friday1 & took refuge at ,m$9a4 ,n[1 x 0 !re1 aft] 8 retreat ! tw5tie? day ( ! elev5? mon?1 & ! sixty-?ird ye> ( 8 bless$ life1 he succe$$ to ! enjoym5t ( ! div9e pres5ce4 ,"s say t he 0 born :ile ,abelaka1 #dg 8 fa!r1 0 yet liv+1 o!rs say aft] 8 dea?4 ,lady ,am9a1 a daught] ( ! ,wahabees1 gave him = nurse lady ,halima1 ( ! tribe ( ,b5i-,saad4 ,abdo ,imutalib1 #dg 8 gr&fa!r1 gave him ! bless$ "n ( ,mahomet4 ,he _h f\r sons & f\r daught]s4 ,! sons 7 ,kasim1 ,ibrahim1 ,?ajib & ,?ahir1 & ! daught]s1 ,fatima1 ,omokeltum1 ,rakia & ,ze9eb4 ,! companions ( ?is augu/ envoy ( ,god 7 ,abulekir1 ,om>1 ,osman & ,ali1 all ( sacr$ memory4 #dg ,^! names1 ,abdul-,motallab & ,abdallah1 9 ,arabic1 seem to be r5d]$ ,abdo-,imutalib & ,abelaka 9 ! ,turki% language4--,a4 ,n4 #dh ,?is includes ,numa ,pompilius4--,a4 ,n4 #di ,hades4 #ej ,mahomet1 says ! ,c\nt de ,b\la9villi]s1 0 ignorant ( common k1 z ,i believe1 b he assur$ly knew mu* ( :at a great travel] might acquire ) mu* native wit1 :5 he employ$ x usefully4 ,he 0 n ignorant ( 8 own language1 ! use ( :i*1 & n by read+1 taught him its nicety & beauty4 ,he 0 n ignorant ( ! art ( kn[+ h[ to r5d] odi\s :at 0 truly culpable1 & to portray ! tru? ) simple & lively colors 9 a mann] :i* c\ld n be =gott54 ,9 fact1 all t he has said is true 9 comp>ison ) ! ess5tial dogmas ( religion1 b he has n said all t is true4 ,x is 9 t p>ticul> alone t our ,religion diff]s f 84 ,he adds fur!r on1 t ,mahomet 0 nei!r rude nor b>b>\s1 t he conduct$ 8 ent]prise ) all ! art1 delicacy1 con/ancy1 intrepidity1 & all ! o!r great qualities :i* w\ld h actuat$ ,alex&] or ,ces> 7 !y 9 8 place4 ,life ( ,mahomet1 by ,c\nt de ,b\la9villi]s4 ,book ,,ii41 pp4 #bff-g-h4 ,am/]dam ,edition1 #agca4 #ea ,g5esis *4 xxviii41 v4 #ah4 #eb 787,^? hold+ s9ecures4 #ec ,a sect ( ,ea/ ,indian philosoph]s :o w5t ab\t almo/ nak$1 ate no fle%1 r5\nc$ all bodily pleasures1 & simply contemplat$ nature4 ,! ,pre-,adamite doctr9e1 simil> to ! above1 0 publi%$ by ,isaac de ,peyr]e ab\t #afee4 ,^! fanatics believ$ t mank9d lo/ none ( _! innoc5ce by ! fall ( ,adam4 ,bo? m5 & wom5 made _! appe>ance 9 ! /reets ( ,mun/]1 ,france1 9 puris naturalibus1 z did our fir/ p>5ts 9 ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed51 be=e ! fruit incid5t1 :i* br\ght s mu* tr\ble into ! _w4 ,! magi/rates fail$ to put !m d[n1 & ! milit>y _h "s difficulty 9 aboli%+ ?is absurdity4--,a4 ,n4 #ed ,an ,int]cessor1 appli$ to ! ,holy ,_s4 #ee ,av]age seems to indicate ! ,,vi4 ,comm&m5t4--,a4 ,n4 #ef ,exodus xxxii1 #ca1 #cb4 ,& ,moses return$ unto ! ,"l1 & said1 ,oh1 ?is p h s9n$ a great s91 & h made !m gods ( gold4 ,yet n[1 if ?\ wilt =give _! s91 & if n1 blot me1 ,i pray !e1 out ( ?y book :i* ?\ ha/ writt54 #eg ,exodus iv1 #bd1 #be1 #bf4 ,!n ,zipporah took a %>p /one1 & cut (f ! =esk9 ( h] son1 & ca/ x at 8 78! ,"l's7 feet1 & said1 ,surely a bloody husb& art ?\ to me4 ,s he 7! ,"l7 let him 7,moses7 g3 !n %e said1 a bloody husb& ?\ art1 because ( ! circumcision4 #eh ,numb]s xx1 #ab4 ,& ! ,"l spake unto ,moses & ,a>on1 because ye believ$ me n1 to sanctify me 9 ! eyes ( ! *ildr5 ( ,israel1 !re=e ye %all n br+ ?is congregation into ! l& :i* ,i h giv5 !m4 #ei ,exodus xxxii4 #aa4 ,& ,moses bes\ght ! ,"l 8 ,god1 & said1 ,"l :y do? ?y wra? wax hot aga9/ ?y p1 :i* ?\ ha/ br\ght =? out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 ) great p[]1 & ) a mighty h&8 ,numb]s xii4 #h4 ,) him 7,moses7 w ,i speak m\? to m\?1 ev5 app>5t & n 9 d>k spee*es2 & ! similitude ( ! ,"l %all he behold3 :]e=e !n 7 ye n afraid to speak aga9/ my s]vant ,moses8 #fj ,exodus xxxiii4 #bj4 ,behold1 ,i s5d an ,angel be=e !e1 to keep !e 9 ! way1 & to br+ !e 9 ! place :i* ,i h prep>$4 #fa ,mat!w ,v4 ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt1 #ag4 ,?9k n t ,i am come to de/roy ! law1 etc4 ,matt4 x1 #b8 names ,apo/les4 #fb ,deut]onomy xviii1 #ba1 #bb4 ,& if ?\ say 9 ?9e he>t1 ,h[ %all we "k ! ^w :i* ! ,"l ha? n spok58 ,:5 a prophet speake? 9 ! "n ( ! ,"l1 if ! ?+ foll[ n1 nor come to pass1 t is ! ?+ :i* ! ,"l ha? n spok51 b ! prophet ha? spok5 x presumptu\sly3 ?\ %alt n be afraid ( him4 #fc ,paul to ,timo?y 7,i47 ,i4 #d4 ,nei!r give he$ to fables & endless g5ealogies1 etc4 #fd ,g5esis xxvi1 #cd1 #ce4 ,& ,esau 0 =ty ye>s old :5 he took to wife ,judi? ! daught] ( ,be]i1 ! ,hittite1 & ,ba%ema? ! daught] ( ,elon1 ! ,hittite1 :i* 7 a grief ( m9d unto ,isaac & ,rebekah4 ,g5esis xxviii1 #i4 ,!n w5t ,esau unto ,i%mael1 & took unto ! wives :i* he _h1 ,mahala?1 ! daught] ( ,i%mael1 ,abraham's son1 ! si/] ( ,nabajo?1 to be 8 wife4 ,g5esis xxxvi1 #b1 #c4 ,esau took 8 wives ( ! daught]s ( ,canaan1 ,adah1 ! daught] ( ,elon1 ! ,hittite1 & ,aholibamah1 ! daught] ( ,anah1 ! daught] ( ,zibeon1 ! ,hivite1 & ,ba%ema?1 ,i%mael's daught]1 si/] ( ,nabajo?4 #fe ,acts xv4 #aj4 ,n[ !re=e :y tempt ye ,god1 to put a yoke ^u ! neck ( ! disciples1 :i* nei!r our fa!rs nor we 7 able to be>8 #ff ,galatians #c1 #d4 ,ev5 s we :5 we 7 *ildr51 7 9 bondage "u ! elem5ts ( ! _w3 b :5 ! fulness ( ! "t 0 come1 ,god s5t =? 8 ,son1 made ( a woman1 made "u ! law4 v4 #i4 ,b n[ aft] t ye h kn[n ,god1 or r are kn[n ( ,god1 h[ turn ye aga9 to ! weak & begg>ly elem5ts1 :]eunto ye desire aga9 to be 9 bondage4 v4 #cj4 ,nev]!less :at sai? ! ,scripture8 ca/ out ! bond-woman & h] son3 = ! son ( ! bond-woman %all n be heir ) ! son ( ! free-woman4 v4 #bd4 ,:i* ?+s are an allegory3 = ^! are ! two cov5ants2 ! "o f ! m\nt ( ,s9ai1 :i* g5d]e? to bondage1 :i* is ,ag>4 ,galatians v4 #b1 #c4 ,behold1 ,i ,paul say unto y1 t if ye be circumcis$1 ,*ri/ %all pr(it y no?+4 ,= ,i te/ify aga9 to e man t is circumcis$1 t is a debtor to d ! :ole law4 #fg ,,ii4 ,cor4 iii41 #f-aj4 ,:o also ha? made u able m9i/]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 n ( ! lett]1 b ( ! _s2 = ! lett] kille?1 b ! _s give? life4 ,b if ! m9i/ration ( dea?1 writt5 & engrav5 9 /ones1 0 glori\s1 s t ! *ildr5 ( ,israel c\ld n /eadfa/ly behold ! face ( ,moses = ! glory ( 8 c\nt5ance2 :i* glory 0 to be done away3 ,h[ %all n ! m9i/ration ( ! _s be r glori\s8 ,= if ! m9i/ration ( condemnation be glory1 mu* m do? ! m9i/ration ( righte\sness exce$ 9 glory4 ,= ev5 t :i* 0 made glori\s _h no glory 9 ?is respect1 by reason ( ! glory t excelle?4 ,,ii4 ,cor4 v4 #aj4 ,= we mu/ all appe> be=e ! judgm5t seat ( ,*ri/2 t ev]yone may receive ! ?+s done 9 8 body1 accord+ to t he ha? done1 :e!r x be good or bad4 #fh ,acts xvi1 #a1 #b1 #c4 ,!n came he to ,d]be & ,ly/ra1 & behold1 a c]ta9 disciple 0 !re1 nam$ ,timo!us1 ! son ( a c]ta9 woman :i* 0 a ,jewess1 & believ$1 b 8 fa!r 0 a ,greek2 :i* 0 well report$ ( by ! bre?r5 t 7 at ,ly/ra & ,iconium4 ,him w\ld ,paul h to g =? ) him1 & took & circumcis$ him1 because ( ! ,jews :i* 7 9 ^? qu>t]s1 = !y knew all t 8 fa!r 0 a ,greek4