,?is e,book 0 prep>$ by ,rob]t ,r[e1 ,*>les ,franks & ! ,onl9e ,di/ribut$ ,pro(read+ ,team4 ,,civil ,,gov]nm5t ,,= ,,common ,,s*ools4 ,,prep>$ ,,z ,a ,,manual ,,= ,,public ,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,new ,,york4 ,to :i* are app5d$ ! ,con/itution ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york z am5d$ at ! election ( #ahhj1 ! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce4 ,,by ,,h5ry ,c4 ,,nor?am1 ,,conductor ,,( ,,tea*]s' ,,in/itutes4 ,,preface ,,to ,,?ird ,,edition4 ,in/ruction 9 ,civil ,gov]nm5t %\ld be bo? !oretical & practical4 ,un=tunately ! text-books 9 g5]al use /op ) ! !ory4 ,!y deal ) ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t1 b1 be+ int5d$ = use ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !y give no in=mation z to ! ,,art ( gov]nm5t z practic$ 9 ?is ,/ate4 ,our /ud5ts le>n :at is ! gu>anty ( ,republican gov]nm5t1 b n h[ t gov]nm5t is ex]cis$ 9 _! own t[n4 ,!y are drill$ 9 ,incorporeal ,h]$itam5ts1 b d n le>n :at k9d ( causes c be tri$ be=e a ,ju/ice ( ! ,peace4 ,to supply ?is defici5cy1 is ! aim ( ! pres5t manual4 ,beg9n+ ) ! s*ool di/rict1 ! names1 mann] ( election1 duties1 & sal>ies are giv5 ( all important (fic]s f ! s*ool tru/ee to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! rapid sale ( ! ,fir/ & ,second ,editions ( ?is book enc\rages ! hope t1 ) ! additions n[ made1 ?is manual may be consid]$ indisp5sable 9 e ,,progressive s*ool 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york4 ,,h5ry ,c4 ,,nor?am4 ,,l[ville1 ,april #bb1 #ahgh4 ,i4--,,introduction4 ,(fic]s are elect$ to adm9i/] ! gov]nm5t = ,i4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ate ,,ii4 ,ea* ,/ate ,,iii4 ,c\nties4 ,,iv4 ,cities ,v4 ,t[ns ,,vi4 ,di/ricts ,! foll[+ are names giv5 to "s ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( di/ricts 9 ! ,/ate ( ,n4 ,york ,i4 ,road1 ,s*ool & ,election ,di/ricts4 ,,ii4 ,s*ool ,commission] ,di/ricts4 ,,iii4 ,assembly di/ricts ,,iv4 ,s5atorial di/ricts ,v4 ,congressional di/ricts ,,vi4 ,judicial di/ricts ,,"q4 ,:i* are ! smalle/ di/ricts nam$8 ,a4 ,road1 ,s*ool & ,election di/ricts4 ,q4 ,:at is a road di/rict8 ,a4 ,a portion ( a t[n plac$ "u ! *>ge ( an (fic]1 ^: duty x is to see t ! roads are kept 9 good condition4 ,q4 ,:at is a s*ool di/rict8 ,a4 ,a portion ( a t[n or city1 plac$ "u ! c>e ( (fic]s1 ^: duties are to ma9ta9 a public s*ool 9 & = ! di/rict ,q4 ,:at is an ,election di/rict8 ,a4 ,a :ole or "p ( a t[n1 9 :i* all ! vot+ is done at "o poll4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,s*ool commission] di/rict8 ,a4 ,a :ole or a portion ( a c\nty1 "u ! jurisdiction ( a s*ool commission]4 ,q4 ,:at is an ,assembly di/rict8 ,a4 ,a :ole or a portion ( a c\nty set (f = ! purpose ( elect+ a ,memb] ( ! ,assembly1 except ,fulton & ,hamilton1 :i* toge!r =m "o di/rict1 & elect "o memb]4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,s5atorial di/rict8 ,a4 ,a portion ( a c\nty1 a :ole c\nty1 or sev]al c\nties comb9$ = ! purpose ( elect+ a ,s5ator2 ! am\nt ( t]ritory dep5d+ ^u population4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,congressional di/rict8 ,a4 ,a portion ( a c\nty1 a :ole c\nty1 or sev]al c\nties comb9$ = ! purpose ( elect+ a ,repres5tative 9 ,congress2 ! am\nt ( t]ritory dep5d+ ^u population4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,judicial di/rict8 ,a4 ,"o c\nty 7z 9 ! case ( ,new ,york71 or sev]al c\nties unit$ = ! purpose ( elect+ ,supreme ,c\rt ,judges4 ,q4 ,"n ! civil divisions 9 regul> ord] & tell :at a comb9ation ( ea* =ms8 ,a4 ,road & s*ool di/ricts =m t[ns2 t[ns :5 unit$ =m c\nties2 c\nties :5 unit$ =m a ,/ate2 & also 9 _m in/ances1 ,s5atorial1 ,congressional & ,judicial di/ricts4 ,/ates :5 unit$ =m a ,union4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,/ates are !re8 ,a4 ,?irty-eight4 ,q4 ,h[ _m c\nties 9 ,new ,york ,/ate8 ,a4 ,sixty4 ,q4 ,h[ _m t[ns 9 ,new ,york ,/ate8 ,a4 ,n9e hundr$ & =ty2 ! numb] is *ang+ f ye> to ye>2 ! exact numb] c be f\nd by consult+ ! almanacs t give ! election returns4 ,q4 ,h[ _m cities 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york8 ,a4 ,tw5ty4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,s*ool ,commission] di/ricts 9 ,new ,york ,/ate8 ,a ,"o hundr$ & twelve4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,assembly di/ricts8 ,a4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,s5atorial di/ricts8 ,a4 ,?irty two4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,judicial di/ricts8 ,a4 ,eight4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,congressional di/ricts8 ,a4 ,?irty-?ree4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,s*ool di/ricts 9 ,new ,york ,/ate8 ,a4 ,ab\t twelve ?\s&4 ,q4 ,by :at au?ority are c\nties organiz$8 ,a4 ,by ! ,/ate ,legislature4 ,q4 ,h[ are ,t[ns =m$8 ,a4 ,by an act ( ! bo>d ( sup]visors4 ,q4 ,by :om are ,s*ool di/ricts =m$8 ,a4 ,g5]ally by ! s*ool commission]s1 sometimes assi/$ by ! sup]visor & t[n cl]k ( ! t[n2 sometimes by special legislation4 ,q4 ,:at p[] def9es ! numb] ( ,assembly1 ,s5atorial & ,judicial di/ricts8 ,a4 ,! ,/ate ,con/itution4 ,q4 ,:at p[] decides ^u ! numb] ( ,congressional di/ricts8 ,a4 ,! ,congress ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,note--,! foll[+ table w be ! guide = que/ion+ ?r\gh all ! succe$+ pages3 ,i4 ,"n ( (fice ,,ii4 ,numb] ( ,(ficials hold+ ! same (fice at ! same "t4 ,,iii4 ,t]m ( (fice4 ,,iv4 ,eligibility4 ,v4 ,duties4 ,,vi4 ,sal>y or h[ paid4 ,,ii--,,! ,,s*ool ,,di/rict4 ,q4 ,:at is a s*ool di/rict8 ,q4 ,h[ _m s*ool di/ricts 9 y\r t[n8 ,q4 ,h[ _m s*ool di/ricts 9 y\r c\nty8 ,q4 ,h[ _m s*ool di/ricts 9 ,new ,york ,/ate8 ,q4 ,:at are ! names ( ! (fic]s 9 a s*ool di/rict8 ,a4 ,i4 ,tru/ee or tru/ees2 or a bo>d ( education4 ,,ii4 ,cl]k4 ,,iii4 ,collector4 ,,iv4 ,libr>ian ,q4 ,:at is ! numb] ( (ficials hold+ ! same (fice at ! same "t8 ,a4 ,i4 ,"o or ?ree tru/ees1 z a di/rict decides4 ,if a bo>d ( education1 x may be n less ?an ?ree nor m ?an n9e4 ,,ii4 ,"o cl]k ,,iii4 ,"o collector4 ,,iv4 ,"o libr>ian4 ,q4 ,:at are ! names ( ^? di/ricts 9 :i* !re is a bo>d ( education8 ,a4 ,union free s*ool di/ricts2 & !y are all[$ to h an additional (fic]1 call$ a treasur]4 ,q4 ,:at is ! t]m ( (fice ( ea*8 ,a4 ,i4 ,if !re be only "o tru/ee1 8 t]m is "o ye>4 ,,ii4 ,if !re be ?ree tru/ees1 ! t]m is ?ree ye>s1 "o be+ elect$ ea* ye>2 if ! bo>d ( education consi/s ( six or n9e memb]s1 ! t]m is ?ree ye>s2 "o ?ird ( ! numb] be+ elect$ ea* ye>4 ,,iii4 ,cl]k1 collector & libr>ian1 ea* hold ! (fice = "o ye>4 ,q4 ,:o are eligible to s*ool (fices 9 ?is /ate8 ,a4 ,none b males2 !y mu/ be tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age2 & tru/ees c hold no o!r s*ool (fice4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( s*ool di/rict (fic]s8 ,,tru/ees4 ,a4 ,i4 ,to hold & keep di/rict prop]ty = ! use ( ! s*ool4 ,,ii4 ,to hire & pay a qualifi$ tea*] or tea*]s1 & ma9ta9 a s*ool = at lea/ tw5ty-eight weeks dur+ ! s*ool ye>4 ,,iii4 ,to make to ! s*ool commissions an annual report betwe5 ! fir/ & second ,tuesdays ( ,augu/ 9 ea* ye>4 ,,iv4 ,to make out all di/rict taxes & issue a w>rant = _! collection1 etc41 etc4 ,,cl]k4 ,i4 ,to record ! proce$+s ( ! di/rict4 ,,ii4 ,to give notice accord+ to law ( annual & special meet+s4 ,,iii4 ,to notify ea* p]son elect$ or appo9t$ to (fice1 & also to report _! names & po/-(fice address to ! t[n cl]k4 ,,iv4 ,to notify ! tru/ees ( e resignation accept$ by ! sup]visor4 ,v4 ,to keep & pres]ve all books1 records & pap]s belong+ to 8 (fice1 & to deliv] ! same to 8 successor1 etc1 etc1 ,,collector4 ,i4 ,to collect all di/rict taxes made out by tru/ees & plac$ 9 8 h&s4 ,,ii ,to pay out ! money z direct$ by _! ord]4 ,,libr>ian4 ,to h *>ge & sup]vision ( ! s*ool di/rict libr>y4 ,q4 ,:at is ! sal>y ( ^! (fic]s & h[ paid8 ,a4 ,! collector only is entitl$ to pay2 he receives "o p] c5t4 on all moneys collect$ dur+ ! fir/ f\rte5 days aft] adv]tis+2 aft] t "t five p] c5t4 ,q4 ,h[ %all we f9d h]eaft] t (fic]s are paid8 ,a4 ,"s are paid a sal>y2 "s by ! day2 "s by a fee2 "s by a p] c5t4 ,q4 ,:at is meant by a sal>y8 a fee8 a p] c5t8 ,q4 ,h[ c a s*ool di/rict hav+ ?ree tru/ees *ange to "o tru/ee8 ,q4 ,c a di/rict hav+ a sole tru/ee *ange back & legally elect ?ree8 ,,note--,all que/ions unansw]$ "h1 %\ld be /udi$ by tea*]s v c>efully1 & ! correct answ]s obta9$4 !y %\ld also introduce _m o!rs t w be sugge/$ by ! lesson4 ,,iii4--,,! ,,t[n4 ,q4 ,:at is a t[n8 ,q4 ,h[ _m t[ns 9 y\r c\nty8 ,q4 ,h[ _m t[ns 9 ,new ,york ,/ate8 ,q4 ,:at are ! names ( ! (fic]s 9 a t[n1 ! numb] ( (ficials 9 ea*1 & _! t]ms ( (fice8 ,a4 ,i4 ,"o sup]visor1 elect$ = "o ye>4 ,,ii4 ,"o t[n cl]k1 elect$ = "o ye>4 ,,iii4 ,f\r ju/ices ( ! peace1 elect$ = f\r ye>s4 ,,iv4 ,?ree assessors1 elect$ = ?ree ye>s4 ,v4 ,"o or ?ree highway commission]s1 z ! electors may det]m9e2 if "o be elect$1 ! t]m is "o ye>2 if ?ree1 ! t]m is ?ree ye>s4 ,,vi4 ,"o or two ov]se]s ( ! poor1 z ! electors may det]m9e2 t]m "o ye>4 ,,vii4 ,"o collector1 elect$ = "o ye>4 ,,viii4 ,con/ables1 n to exce$ five2 t]m "o ye>4 ,,ix4 ,"o game con/able2 t]m "o ye>4 ,x4 ,?ree t[n-auditors2 t]m "o ye>4 ,,xi4 ,?ree excise commission]s2 t]m ?ree ye>s4 ,,xii4 ,?ree inspectors ( election2 t]m "o ye>2 & 9 "s villages & cities a seal] ( weights & measures4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( _! duties8 ,i4 ,,sup]visors4 ,i4 ,to receive ! s*ool money belong+ to ! t[n1 & pay x out by ord] ( ! tru/ees4 ,,ii4 ,to receive o!r money belong+ to ! t[n1 & disburse ! same accord+ to law4 ,,iii4 ,to meet ) ! o!r sup]visors ( ! c\nty z a bo>d ( c\nty canvass]s4 ,,iv4 ,to meet ) ! o!r sup]visors ( ! c\nty z a bo>d ( sup]visors2 to audit all lawful acc\nts aga9/ ! c\nty1 make out ! tax li/s & cause !m to be collect$2 & p]=m su* o!r acts ( legislation z ! con/itution & /atute laws h conf]r$ ^u !m4 ,,ii4 ,,t[n ,,cl]k4 ,i4 ,to keep ! records ( ! t[n4 ,,ii4 ,to keep 9 8 cu/ody su* books & pap]s z belong to ! t[n4 ,,iii4 ,to act z cl]k ( ! t[n meet+s1 ,,iv4 ,to file su* pap]s z prop]ly belong to 8 (fice2 & to p]=m ! g5]al cl]ical duties = ! t[n4 ,,iii4 ,,ju/ices ,,( ,,! ,,peace4 ,i4 ,to be ! judicial (fic]s = ! t[n4 ,,ii4 ,to issue w>rants = ! arre/ ( p]sons accus$ ( committ+ crimes1 & also summonses = ! purpose ( br++ be=e !m p]sons = trial 9 civil actions4 ,,iii4 ,to take ackn[l$gm5t ( conveyances1 adm9i/] oa?s1 act z inspectors at ! t[n meet+1 etc4 ,,iv4 ,,assessors4 ,i4 ,to make an inv5tory ( ! real e/ate 9 ! t[n1 nam+ ! numb] ( acres own$ by ea* p]son1 & fix+ ^u ! same a valuation 9 proportion to its wor?4 ,,ii4 ,to make an inv5tory ( ! p]sonal prop]ty held by ! sev]al p]sons 9 t[n1 su* z notes1 mortgages1 c41 :i* ) ! real e/ate =ms ! basis = taxes4 ,v4 ,,highway ,,commission]s4 ,i4 ,to h ! c>e & g5]al sup]vision ( ! highways & bridges4 ,,ii4 ,to lay out new roads1 :5 direct$ by a jury legally call$ = t purpose & discont9ue o!rs :5 direct$ by ! same au?ority4 ,,iii4 ,to divide ! t[n into di/ricts1 & appo9t ov]se]s = ! same4 ,,vi4 ,,ov]se]s ,,( ,,! ,,poor4 ,to look aft] & provide =1 ei!r at home or 9 ! c\nty h\se1 su* z are 9 indig5t circum/ances4 ,,vii4 ,,collector4 ,i4 ,to give a bond to ! sup]visor = d\ble ! am\nt to be collect$1 ) "o or m sureties = ! fai?ful p]=mance ( 8 duties4 ,,ii4 ,to receive ! tax li/ & w>rant1 & collect ! tax & pay x ov] z direct$4 ,,viii4 ,,con/ables4 ,i4 ,to s]ve summonses issu$ by ! ju/ices4 ,,ii4 ,to arre/ & br+ prison]s be=e a ju/ice1 & to h ! cu/ody ( !m4 ,,iii4 ,to collect moneys ^u executions1 & if necess>y to sell prop]ty to satisfy ! same4 ,,iv4 ,to see t ord] is pres]v$ 9 ! community4 ,v4 ,to att5d ! high] c\rts 9 _! (ficial capacity :5 direct$ by ! %]iff4 ,,ix4 ,,game ,,con/able4 ,to look aft] & prosecute = ! violation ( ! game laws4 ,x4 ,,t[n ,,auditors4 ,to exam9e ! acc\nts ( ! t[n (fic]s & pass ^u ! same4 ,,xi4 ,,excise ,,commission]s4 ,to meet & act ^u petitions ask+ = ! privilege ( sell+ spiritu\s liquors4 ,,xii4 ,,inspectors ,,( ,,election4 ,i4 ,to preside at ! annual election1 receive ! votes legally pres5t$1 & deposit !m 9 boxes prep>$ = t purpose4 ,,ii4 ,to c\nt ! ballots at ! close ( ! election1 make a true /atem5t !re( & transmit x to ! bo>d ( canvass]s4 ,q4 ,h[ are ^! (fic]s paid8 ,a4 ,i4 ,sup]visors receive ?ree doll>s p] day = c\nty s]vices1 & two doll>s p] day = t[n s]vices1 & are entitl$ to extras = copy+ assessm5t roll & pay+ out s*ool money4 ,,ii4 ,t[n cl]ks are paid by ! day = s]vices2 also a fee = record+ & fil+ pap]s4 ,,iii4 ,ju/ices1 mo/ly paid by fees2 z (fic]s ( ! t[n meet+ !y are paid by ! day4 ,,iv4 ,collectors receive a p]c5tage = collect+ ! money4 ,v4 ,con/ables receive a fee1 a p]c5tage1 & = "s s]vices are paid by ! day4 ,,vi4 ,game con/ables receive a portion ( ! f9e money collect$ by reason ( _! prosecutions4 ,,vii4 ,all ! rema9+ (fic]s are paid = _! s]vices by ! day4 ,q4 ,:at mu/ all ^! (fic]s d be=e ent]+ ^u _! duties8 ,a4 ,!y mu/ qualify2 t is1 take ! oa? ( (fice4 ,q4 ,:at is ! oa? ( (fice8 ,a4 ,see /ate con/itution1 art4 ,,xii1 sec4 ,i4 ,q4 ,:o c adm9i/] ! oa? ( (fice8 ,a4 ,i4 ,! c\nty cl]k adm9i/]s ! oa? to ! ju/ices ( ! peace4 ,,ii4 ,a ju/ice ( ! peace adm9i/]s ! oa? to all o!r t[n (fic]s1 except inspectors ( election4 ,,iii4 ,! *airman ( ! inspectors ( election adm9i/]s ! oa? to ! o!r inspectors1 & "o ( ! o!rs 9 turn adm9i/]s x to ! *airman4 ,q4 ,h[ _m sup]visors 9 ! t[ns ( ! /ate8 ,q4 ,h[ _m sup]visors 9 ! cities ( ! /ate8 ,q4 ,h[ _m ju/ices ( ! peace 9 ! /ate8 ,,iv4--,,! ,,c\nty4 ,q4 ,:at is a c\nty8 ,q4 ,by :at au?ority organiz$8 ,q4 ,h[ _m c\nties 9 ! /ate8 ,q4 ,:5 0 ! colony ( ,new ,york fir/ divid$ into c\nties8 ,a4 ,9 #afhc4 ,q4 ,h[ _m c\nties 7 e/abli%$ 9 #afhc & _! names8 ,a4 ,t53 viz1 ,k+s1 ,que5s1 ,suffolk1 ,new ,york1 ,ri*mond1 ,we/*e/]1 ,dut*ess1 ,albany1 ,ul/] & ,orange4 ,q4 ,:at are ^! c\nties call$8 ,a4 ,orig9al c\nties4 ,q4 ,:at are ! names ( ! c\nty (fices1 ! numb] ( (ficials 9 ! same (fice1 & _! t]m8 ,a4 ,i4 ,"o %]iff1 t]m is ?ree ye>s4 ,,ii4 ,"o c\nty judge1 t]m is six ye>s3 9 a few c\nties !re are special judges2 same l5g? ( t]m4 ,,iii4 ,9 c\nties conta9+ m ?an =ty ?\s& inhabitants a surrogate may be elect$2 9 c\nties conta9+ less ?an =ty ?\s& inhabitants1 ! c\nty judge p]=ms ! duties ( judge & surrogate2 ! t]m ( surrogate is six ye>s2 9 a few c\nties !re are special surrogates4 ,,iv4 ,"o c\nty cl]k2 t]m is ?ree ye>s4 ,v4 ,"o treasur]2 t]m is ?ree ye>s4 ,,vi4 ,"o di/rict attorney2 t]m is ?ree ye>s4 ,,vii4 ,f\r coron]s2 t]m is ?ree ye>s4 ,,viii4 ,"o or ?ree sup]9t5d5ts ( ! poor2 t]m is ?ree ye>s4 ,,ix4 ,two ju/ices ( sessions2 t]m is "o ye>4 ,x4 ,"o s*ool commission] = ea* commission] di/rict2 t]m is ?ree ye>s4 ,q4 ,:at ab\t ! eligibility ( ^! (fic]s8 ,a4 ,i4 ,! %]iff is prohibit$ f hold+ ! same (fice = a succe$+ t]m1 nei!r c he hold any o!r (fice at ! same "t4 ,con/41 ,art4 ,x1 ,sec4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,no c\nty judge c hold ! (fice long] ?an ! la/ day ( ,decemb] succe$+ 8 sev5tie? bir?day4 ,art ,,vi1 ,sec4 #ac4 ,,iii4 ,no p]son1 except a c\nselor at law 9 ! supreme c\rt1 c hold ! (fice ( di/rict attorney1 if !re be su* an "o 9 ! c\nty2 if !re be none1 !n an attorney may be elect$4 ,,iv4 ,sup]visors & c\nty treasur]s _c hold ! (fice ( ,c\nty sup]9t5d5t ( ! poor4 ,v4 ,no %]iff1 "u %]iff1 deputy1 %]iffs cl]k or coron] c practice z c\nselor at law dur+ 8 t]m ( (fice4 ,,vi4 ,ju/ices ( ! sessions mu/ be act+ ju/ices ( ! peace 9 _! respective t[ns4 ,,vii4 ,!re are no o!r prohibitions 9 reg>d to age or re- election ( c\nty (fic]s4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( _! duties8 ,i4 ,,%]iff4 ,a4 ,i4 ,he is ! executive (fic] ( ! c\nty4 ,,ii4 ,by himself or by 8 deputies1 executes civil & crim9al processes ?r\gh\t ! c\nty4 ,,iii4 ,has *>ge ( ! jail & prison]s4 ,,iv4 ,att5ds c\rts1 & keeps ! peace4 ,v4 ,mu/ be pres5t by himself or "u-%]iff1 at ! draw+ ( jurors1 & cause !m to be legally summon$4 ,,ii4 ,,judge4 ,i4 ,he is ! presid+ (fic] 9 ! c\nty c\rt4 ,,ii4 ,he may ) two ju/ices ( sessions1 hold ,c\rts ( ,sessions1 ) su* crim9al jurisdiction z ! ,legislature may prescribe1 ,,iii4 ,! c\nty judge ( any c\nty may preside at ,c\rts ( ,sessions1 or hold ,c\nty ,c\rts1 9 any o!r c\nty except ,new ,york & ,k+s1 :5 reque/$ by ! judge ( su* o!r c\nty4 ,art4 ,,vi1 ,sec4 #ae4 ,,iii4 ,,surrogate4 ,i4 ,takes pro( ( wills ( real or p]sonal prop]ty4 ,,ii4 ,grants lett]s te/am5t>y ( adm9i/rative4 ,,iii4 ,att5ds g5]ally to ! settlem5t ( ! e/ates ( deceas$ p]sons4 ,,iv4 ,,c\nty ,,cl]k ,i4 ,he is ! cl]k ( ! c\rts held 9 & = ! c\nty1 namely3 ,circuit1 ,oy] & ,t]m9]1 ,c\nty ,c\rt & ,c\rt ( ,sessions1 & ! ,special ,t]m4 ,,ii4 ,adm9i/]s ! oa? to jurors & witnesses4 ,,iii4 ,records ! judgm5ts ( ! c\rts4 ,,iv4 ,draws ! gr& & petit juries & makes a return ( ! same4 ,v4 ,records mortgages1 de$s1 satisfaction pap]s1 c4 ,v4 ,,treasur]4 ,i4 ,receives ! moneys collect$ by ! sev]al t[n collectors = c\nty & /ate taxes4 ,,ii4 ,pays ov] to ! comptroll] ! am\nt go+ to ! /ate4 ,,iii4 ,pays out ! am\nt due ! c\nty1 z direct$ by law4 ,,iv4 ,receives f ! comptroll] ! s*ool money due ! c\nty1 & pays ! same ov] to ! sev]al sup]visors1 z direct$ by ! s*ool commission]'s c]tificate4 ,v4 ,makes a g5]al /atem5t ( ! f9ancial affairs ( 8 (fice to ! bo>d ( sup]visors1 annually4 ,,vi4 ,,di/rict ,,attorney4 ,i4 ,he is ! attorney = ! c\nty4 ,,ii4 ,pres5ts compla9ts made to him accus+ p>ties ( crime1 to ! gr& jury4 ,,iii4 ,draws bills ( indictm5t :5 f\nd by ! gr& jury4 ,,iv4 ,tries indict$ p>ties 9 ! ,oy] & ,t]m9]1 & ,c\rt ( ,sessions4 ,,vii4 ,,coron]s4 ,i4 ,look aft] & inquire into all matt]s conc]n+ p]sons sla91 or :o h di$ my/]i\sly4 ,,ii4 ,summon a jury1 subpo5a witnesses1 & asc]ta9 z f> z possible all ! facts 9 reg>d to ! dea?4 ,,iii4 ,9 case ( a vacancy 9 ! (fice ( %]iff1 & !re be+ no "u %]iff1 "o ( ! coron]s designat$ by ! c\nty judge1 p]=ms ! duties ( %]iff until said vacancy be fill$ by election or appo9tm5t4 ,,iv4 ,h p[] to arre/ ! %]iff ^u crim9al processes4 ,,viii4 ,,sup]9t5d5ts ,,( ,,! ,,poor4 ,h ! g5]al c>e ( ! c\nty poor h\se2 appo9t p]sons to take *>ge ( ! same2 & r5d] an acc\nt annually to ! bo>d ( sup]visors ( _! do+s4 ,,ix4 ,,ju/ices ,,( ,,sessions4 ,i4 ,sit ^u ! b5* ) ! c\nty judge 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,sessions & ) ! ,supreme ,c\rt judge 9 ! ,oy] & ,t]m9]1 = ! trial ( su* crim9als z h be5 indict$ by a gr& jury4 ,,ii4 ,! law gives !m j z mu* p[] 9 ! decision ( que/ions z ! judge4 ,x4 ,,s*ool ,,commission]s4 ,i4 ,apportion ! s*ool moneys among ! sev]al di/ricts 9 ! c\nty4 ,,ii4 ,make an annual report to ! sup]9t5d5t ( public in/ruction1 conta9+ all ! /ati/ics embrac$ 9 ! sev]al reports f ! tru/ees ( 8 di/rict4 ,,iii4 ,visit & exam9e all ! s*ools & s*ool di/ricts )9 _! di/ricts z (t5 9 ea* ye> z %all be practicable2 inquire into all matt]s relat+ to ! managem5t1 ! c\rse ( /udy & mode ( in/ruction1 ! text books us$ & ! discipl9e ( su* s*ools4 ,,iv4 ,exam9e 9 reg>d to ! moral "*1 le>n+ & ability to tea*1 p]sons propos+ to tea* public s*ools 9 _! di/ricts2 & if !y f9d !m1 qualifi$1 grant !m c]tificates 9 ! =m prescrib$ by ! sup]9t5d5t4 ,v4 ,=m new di/ricts1 or *ange ! b\nd>y l9es ( old ones4 ,,vi4 ,organize at lea/ once ea* ye>1 or 9 conc]t ) "o or m commission]s 9 ! same c\nty1 a tea*]s' in/itute1 & induce if possible all ! tea*]s 9 _! di/ricts to be pres5t & take "p 9 its ex]cises4 ,q4 ,:at are ! sal>ies ( ea* ( ^! (fic]s1 or h[ paid8 ,i4 ,,%]iff4 ,a4 ,i4 ,receives a fee on all pap]s s]v$ ,,ii4 ,receives a p] c5t on money collect$ on executions4 ,,ii4 ,,judge4 ,receives a sal>y e/abli%$ by ! legislature1 v>y+ 9 diff]5t c\nties accord+ to population & bus9ess4 ,,iii4 ,,surrogate4 ,i4 ,receives a sal>y1 v>y+ 9 diff]5t c\nties1 accord+ to bus9ess4 ,,ii4 ,:5 ! judge p]=ms ! duties ( surrogate ! "o sal>y suffices = all ! duties p]=m$4 ,,iii4 ,! surrogate is entitl$ to a cl]k4 ,,iv4 ,,c\nty ,,cl]k4 ,i4 ,receives a fee = all pap]s record$4 ,,ii4 ,receives a fee = adm9i/]+ oa?s 9 c\rt4 ,,iii4 ,is paid extra = copy+ or re-index+ old records4 ,v4 ,,treasur]4 ,i4 ,! c\nty treasur] %all receive an annual sal>y fix$ by ! bo>d ( sup]visors4 ,,ii4 ,! sal>y %all be e/abli%$ by ! bo>d1 at lea/ six mon?s be=e 8 election4 ,,iii4 ,! sal>y %all n be increas$ nor dim9i%$ dur+ 8 t]m ( (fice4 ,,vi4 ,,di/rict ,,attorney4 ,i4 ,a sal>y fix$ by ! bo>d ( sup]visors1 :5 !y resolve s to d4 ,,ii4 ,c try civil causes1 :5 n engag$ (ficially1 receiv+ z 8 own ! fees = ! same4 ,,vii4 ,,coron]s4 ,i4 ,= hold+ inque/s !y are entitl$ to a reasonable comp5sation to be audit$ & all[$ by ! bo>d ( sup]visors4 ,,ii4 ,= p]=m+ %]iff's duties1 !y are entitl$ to same fees z %]iff4 ,,viii4 ,,sup]9t5d5t ,,( ,,! ,,poor4 ,paid by ! day4 ,,ix4 ,,ju/ices ,,( ,,sessions4 ,?ree doll>s a day4 ,x4 ,,s*ool ,,commission]s4 ,i4 ,a sal>y ( eight hundr$ doll>s a ye>1 e/abli%$ by law4 ,,ii4 ,sup]visors are requir$ to audit & all[ two hundr$ doll>s extra = exp5ses4 ,,iii4 ,a majority ( ! sup]visors ( any s*ool commission] di/rict may increase ! sal>y ( said s*ool commission]2 ! increas$ sal>y mu/ be levi$ ^u ! t[ns compos+ su* commission] di/rict4 ,q ,:at mu/ c\nty (fic]s d1 be=e ent]+ ^u ! duties ( _! (fice8 ,a4 ,take ! oa? prescrib$ by ,/ate ,con/itution 9 ,art4 ,,xii1 ,sec4 ,i4 ,q4 ,:at c\nty (fic]s are requir$ 9 addition to ! oa? prescrib$ to execute a bond = ! fai?ful p]=mance ( _! duties8 ,a4 ,%]iff1 c\nty treasur]1 surrogate & c\nty sup]9t5d5ts ( ! poor4 ,q4 ,:o adm9i/]s ! oa? ( (fice to ! c\nty (fic]s8 ,a4 ,! c\nty cl]k4 ,q4 ,9 case ( ! re-election ( ! c\nty cl]k1 be=e :om c he qualify8 ,a4 ,! c\nty judge4 ,q4 ,:]e are ^! oa?s ( (fice & bonds record$8 ,a4 ,9 ! c\nty cl]k's (fice4 ,q4 ,:o is ! %]iff ( ?is c\nty8 ,q4 ,:o is ! pres5t judge & :at is 8 sal>y8 ,q4 ,is !re a sep>ate (fic] z surrogate1 & :y8 ,q4 ,:o is ! c\nty cl]k8 ,q4 ,:o is ! c\nty treasur]8 ,q4 ,:o is ! di/rict attorney8 ,q4 ,:o are ! coron]s8 ,q4 ,:o are ! sup]9t5d5ts ( ! poor8 ,q3 ,:o are ! ju/ices ( sessions8 ,q4 ,:o are ! s*ool commission]s8 ,,t[n ,,auditors4 ,by laws ( #ahgh1 #ahgi & #ahhj1 ! foll[+-nam$ c\nties are exempt f elect+ t[n auditors1 z prescrib$ on page #ac3 ,wayne1 ,delaw>e1 ,allegany1 ,oneida1 ,cayuga1 ,erie1 ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,s*uyl]1 ,rockl&1 ,orange1 ,sullivan1 ,columbia1 ,broome1 ,lewis1 ,madison1 ,wyom+1 ,que5s1 ,jeff]son1 ,fulton1 ,oswego1 ,suffolk1 ,onondaga1 ,s>atoga1 ,ont>io1 ,yates1 ,r5ssela]1 ,g5esee1 ,s*5ectady1 ,monroe1 ,liv+/on1 ,otsego1 ,s*oh>ie1 ,niag>a & ,orleans4 ,a ,,table ,%[+ ! sal>ies ( ! sev]al c\nty judges & surrogates ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york at ! pres5t "t1 z e/abli%$ by ! /atutes ( #ahgg & #ahhj3 ,,c\nties4 ,,judge4 ,,surrogate4 ,new ,york1 ------- #ab1jjj ,k+s1 #aj1jjj #aj1jjj ,erie1 #e1jjj #d1jjj ,albany1 #d1ejj #d1jjj ,we/*e/]1 #d1ejj #d1jjj ,onondaga1 #d1jjj #d1jjj ,oneida1 #d1jjj #d1jjj ,monroe1 #d1jjj #d1jjj ,r5ssela]1 #c1ejj #c1ejj ,s>atoga1 #c1jjj #b1ejj ,ul/]1 #c1jjj #c1jjj ,dut*ess1 #c1jjj #c1jjj ,que5s1 #b1ejj #c1jjj ,*autauqua1 #b1jjj #a1fjj ,cayuga1 #b1jjj #b1jjj ,columbia1 #b1jjj #b1ejj ,ont>io1 #b1jjj #a1ejj ,catt>augus1 #a1ejj #a1ejj ,oswego1 #a1ejj #a1ejj ,jeff]son1 #a1ejj #a1ejj ,niag>a1 #a1ejj #a1ejj ,orange1 #a1ejj #b1ejj ,otsego1 #a1hjj #a1ejj ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 #a1gej #a1gej ,wa%+ton1 #a1bjj #a1ejj ,suffolk1 #a1jjj #a1ejj ,! foll[+ are c\nties 9 :i* c\nty judges act z surrogates1 receiv+ ! "o sal>y = bo? (fices2 #b1jjj ,sal>y ,frankl91 ,gre5e1 ,rockl&1 ,s*5ectady1 ,w>r51 ,wayne1 ,delaw>e ,orleans1 #c1jjj ,sal>y ,broome1 ,*emung1 ,*5ango1 ,h]kim]1 ,liv+/on1 ,madison1 ,cl9ton1 #c1ejj ,sal>y ,ri*mond1 ,/eub51 #b1ejj ,sal>y ,cortl&1 ,essex1 ,g5esee1 ,s*oh>ie1 #b1ejj ,sal>y ,tioga1 ,tompk9s1 ,wyom+1 ,montgom]y1 #a1ejj ,sal>y ,putnam1 ,s*uyl]1 ,yates1 #a1gej ,sal>y ,allegany1 #b1bej ,sal>y ,fulton1 #a1bjj ,sal>y ,sullivan1 ,lewis1 #a1jjj ,sal>y ,s5eca1 #hjj ,sal>y ,hamilton1 ,v4--,,! ,,city4 ,q4 ,:at is a city8 ,q4 ,by :at au?ority organiz$8 ,a4 ,by an act ( ! legislative4 ,q4 ,:at in/rum5t def9es its p[]s8 ,a4 ,a *>t]4 ,q4 ,:at are ! divisions ( a city call$8 ,a4 ,w>ds4 ,q4 ,"n ! cities 9 ,new ,york ,/ate1 :5 incorporat$1 & ! numb] ( w>ds 9 ea*8 ,answ]3 ,pop4 9 #ahjj ,new ,york1 #afhj1 has #bd w>ds1 #a1bjf1eij ,brooklyn1 #ahcd1 has #be w>ds1 #eff1fhi ,buffalo1 #ahcb1 has #ac w>ds1 #aee1acg ,albany1 #ahcb1 has #af w>ds1 #ij1ijc ,ro*e/]1 #afhf1 has #af w>ds1 #hi1cfc ,troy1 #ahaf1 has #ac w>ds1 #ef1gdg ,syracuse1 #ahdg1 has #h w>ds1 #ea1gia ,utica1 #ahcb1 has #ab w>ds1 #cc1iac ,auburn1 #ahdh1 has #g w>ds1 #ba1ibd ,oswego1 #ahdh1 has #h w>ds1 #ba1aag ,elmira1 #ahfd1 has #g w>ds1 #bj1eda ,p\ghkeepsie #ahed1 has #f w>ds1 #bj1bjg ,cohoes1 #ahfi1 has #d w>ds1 #ai1dag ,yonk]s1 #ahgb1 has #d w>ds1 #ah1hib ,k+/on1 #ahgb1 has #i w>ds1 #ah1cdb ,newburg1 #ahfe1 has #d w>ds1 #ah1jej ,b+hamton1 #ahfg1 has #e w>ds1 #ag1cae ,l4 ,i4 ,city1 #ahgj1 has #e w>ds1 #ag1aag ,s*5ectady1 #agih1 has #e w>ds1 #ac1fge ,lockport1 #ahfe1 has #d w>ds1 #ac1ebb ,rome1 #ahgj1 has #e w>ds1 #ab1jde ,wat]t[n1 #ahfi1 has #d w>ds1 #aj1fig ,ogd5sburg1 #ahfh1 has #d w>ds1 #aj1cdj ,hudson1 #aghe1 has #d w>ds1 #h1hbh ,! c5sus = #ahhj is n fully complet$1 b gives sub/antially ! above figures4 ,q4 ,h[ popul\s mu/ a village be1 be=e x c be incorporat$ z a city8 ,a4 ,no def9ite numb] is requir$2 :5ev] a l>ge proportion ( ! inhabitant desire x1 ! legislature w grant a city *>t]4 ,q4 ,:at is ! executive (fic] ( a city call$8 ,a4 ,! ,mayor4 ,8 t]m ( (fice is "o ye>1 unless o!rwise ord]$ by !1 *>t]1 z 9 ,new ,york & ,albany :]e x is two ye>s4 ,q4 ,:at o!r important (fic]s are elect$8 ,a4 ,ald]m5 & ,sup]visors2 "o ea* 9 e w>d unless o!rwise ord]$ by _! *>t]4 ,q4 ,:at (fic]s =m ! common c\ncil8 ,a4 ,mayor & ald]m52 & !y are ! legislative body ( ! city2 !y h au?ority to appo9t police (fic]s4 ,q4 ,:at c\rts exi/ 9 cities 9 addition to ^? e/abli%$ = ! ,/ate at l>ge8 ,a ,i4 ,! ,sup]ior ,c\rt ( ! city ( ,new ,york4 ,,ii4 ,! ,c\rt ( ,common ,pleas = ! city & c\nty ( ,new ,york4 ,,iii4 ,! ,sup]ior ,c\rt ( ,buffalo4 ,,iv4 ,! ,city ,c\rt ( ,brooklyn4 ,con/1 ,art4 ,,vi41 ,sec4 #ab4 ,,juries4 ,q4 ,:at is a jury8 ,a4 ,a body ( m5 elect$ accord+ to law1 & sworn to inquire into & try any matt] ( fact1 & decl>e ! tru? ( x on ! evid5ce giv5 9 ! case4 ,q4 ,"n "s juries8 ,a4 ,i4 ,"o ( six p]sons = ! trial ( causes 9 a ,ju/ice ,c\rt ,,ii4 ,"o ( twelve p]sons1 summon$ = ! purpose ( lay+ out new roads or discont9u+ old ones4 ,,iii4 ,"o ( n less ?an six nor m ?an fifte5 p]sons1 summon$ by ! coron]1 to inquire into ! cause ( any viol5t dea?4 ,,iv4 ,"o ( twelve m51 call$ a petit jury1 ^: duty x is to try causes1 civil or crim9al1 9 ! c\nty c\rt & sessions1 or circuit & oy] & t]m9]4 ,v4 ,"o call$ a gr& jury ( n less ?an sixte5 nor m ?an tw5ty-?ree1 ^: duty x is to exam9e into accusations aga9/ p]sons *>g$ ) crime1 & if !y f9d suffici5t te/imony to w>rant x1 to f9d a bill ( indictm5t aga9/ !m to be pres5t$ to ! c\rt4 ,q4 ,"n "s qualifications requisite = jurors8 ,a4 ,!y mu/ be freehold]s1 tw5ty-"o ye>s old4 ,q4 ,:o are exempt f sitt+ on a jury8 ,a4 ,p]sons ov] sixty ye>s ( age1 po/ma/]s & _m o!rs4 ,q4 ,h[ _m are summon$ = a ju/ice c\rt & by :om8 ,a4 ,twelve1 & by a con/able2 & f ^! twelve six are drawn4 ,q4 ,:o selects & notifies ! jury = lay+ out roads1 ,a4 ,by ! coron]4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! petit jury li/ obta9$8 ,a4 ,! sup]visors1 t[n cl]k1 & assessors ( ! sev]al t[ns ( ! c\nty make out a li/ ( ! names ( ^? p]sons qualifi$1 & ! names 9 ! sev]al li/s are writt5 ^u slips ( pap] ( ! same size & deposit$ 9 a box 9 ! c\nty cl]k's (fice4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! gr& jury li/ obta9$8 ,a4 ,! sup]visors apportion ! numb] 7?ree hundr$17 among ! sev]al t[ns 9 ! c\nty 9 proportion to population4 ,ea* sup]visor selects f 8 t[n ! numb] to :i* x is entitl$2 & ^! sev]al li/s are writt5 ^u slips ( pap] z be=e & deposit$ 9 a box 9 ! c\nty cl]k's (fice4 ,q4 ,h[ frequ5tly are ! li/s *ang$8 ,a4 ,! petit jury li/ is *ang$ once 9 ?ree ye>s2 ! gr& jury li/ e ye>4 ,q4 ,:5 are ^! juries drawn8 ,a4 ,n m ?an tw5ty1 nor less ?an f\rte5 days be=e ! sitt+ ( ! c\rt = :i* !y are drawn4 ,q4 ,h[ _m are drawn8 ,a4 ,?irty-six petit & tw5ty-f\r gr& jurors4 ,q4 ,h[ is ! jury = ea* individual case obta9$8 ,a4 ,! ?irty-six petit jurors' names are put into a box & ! names are drawn out until twelve satisfactory p]sons are obta9$4 ,q ,h[ _m ( ?is jury mu/ agree 9 a v]dict8 ,a4 ,! twelve mu/ agree4 ,q4 ,:o is ! (fic] au?oriz$ to report ! v]dict8 ,a ,! p]son !y h elect$ =eman4 ,q4 ,9 case ! twelve jurym5 d n agree1 :at w be done8 ,a4 ,:5 ! judge is satisfi$ t ! jury w n agree he w dis*>ge !m4 ,q4 ,:at w be done ) ! case !n8 ,a4 ,ano!r trial w take place ) a diff]5t jury1 unless ! suit be discont9u$4 ,q4 ,:o is ! presid+ (fic] ( ! gr& jury8 ,a4 ,! =eman1 & he is appo9t$ by ! judge :o presides at t c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at o!r (fic] does ?is jury h8 ,a4 ,a cl]k1 "o ( _! numb]1 :o writes out ! te/imony z x is giv54 ,q4 ,:o c be pres5t ) ?is jury8 ,a4 ,only ! witness :o is be+ exam9$1 & ! di/rict attorney1 if desir$ by ! jury2 b none except jurors c be pres5t :5 !y ballot 9 reg>d to a bill4 ,q4 ,:at is done ) a bill ( indictm5t :5 f\nd8 ,a4 ,x is h&$ ov] to ! c\rt1 & ! %]iff w cause ! arre/ ( ! p]son unless he be already 9 cu/ody4 ,,/ruck ,,jury4 ,q4 ,:at c\rts may ord] a /ruck jury8 ,a4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt & sup]ior city c\rts4 ,q4 ,:5 may ! above-nam$ c\rts ord] a /ruck jury8 ,a4 ,:5 x %all appe> t an imp>tial trial _c be _h1 or t ! intricacy ( ! case requires su* a jury4 ,q4 ,:at "t is requir$ 9 ! notice = /rik+ a jury8 ,a4 ,! p>ty obta9+ ! ord] %all give notice eight days be=e ! "t = /rik+1 t he w att5d be=e ! cl]k ( ! c\nty 9 :i* ! v5ue is laid1 = ! purpose ( hav+ su* jury /ruck4 ,i4 ,! cl]k %all select f ! jury li/s ( ! sev]al t[ns ! names ( =ty-eight p]sons1 :om he %all deem mo/ indiff]5t betwe5 ! p>ties1 & be/ qualifi$ to try ! cause4 ,,ii4 ,! p>ty or 8 attorney1 on ^: application ! ord] 0 grant$1 %all fir/ /rike "o f ! li/1 & !n ! oppos+ p>ty or ag5t1 alt]nat+ until twelve %all h be5 /rick5 f ! li/ by ea* p>ty4 ,,iii4 ,! cl]k %all c]tify ! names ( ! tw5ty-f\r p]sons ^: names h n be5 /rick5 (f1 :o %all be summon$1 & f :i* numb] a jury %all be impanel$ z 9 o!r juries4 ,,vii4--,,/ate4 ,q4 ,^u :at is ! /ate gov]nm5t bas$8 ,a4 ,^u a con/itution adopt$ by ! p4 ,q4 ,h[ _m dep>tm5ts are provid$ = by ! con/itution8 ,a1 ,?ree2 ! ,legislative1 ,executive1 & ,judicial4 ,q4 ,:at are ! divisions ( ! ,legislative dep>tm5t8 ,a4 ,! ,assembly & ! ,s5ate4 ,q4 ,:at is ! numb] ( memb]s 9 ea* body1 & _! t]m ( (fice8 ,a4 ,"o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight memb]s ( ! ,assembly1 elect$ = "o ye>4 ,?irty-two s5ators elect$ = two ye>s4 ,art4 ,ill41 ,con/4 ,q ,:51 & h[ is ! numb] ( memb]s ( ! ,assembly apportion$ among ! sev]al c\nties8 ,a4 ,once 9 t5 ye>s by ! ,legislature imm$iately aft] tak+ ! /ate c5sus1 & z ne>ly z c be1 accord+ to population1 exclud+ ali5s1 b giv+ to e c\nty except ,hamilton at lea/ "o memb]4 ,q4 ,:5 & h[ is ! numb] ( memb]s ( ! ,s5ate apportion$ 9 ! ,/ate8 ,a4 ,at ! same "t1 by ! ,legislature2 & z ne>ly z possible accord+ to population4 ,a ,s5atorial di/rict sometimes embraces a portion ( a c\nty1 sometimes a :ole c\nty2 at o!r times two or m c\nties2 b no c\nty c be divid$1 unless x c be equitably entitl$ to two or m memb]s4 ,! foll[+ apportionm5t 0 made 9 #ahgi3 ,,s5ate ,,di/ricts4 ,i4 ,que5s & ,suffolk4 ,,ii4 ,! ,fir/1 ,second1 ,fif?1 ,six?1 ,eigh?1 ,n9?1 ,t5?1 ,twelf?1 & ,tw5ty-second w>ds ( ,brooklyn1 & ! t[ns ( ,flatbu%1 ,graves5d1 & ,new ,utre*t4 ,,iii4 ,! ,?ird1 ,f\r?1 ,sev5?1 ,elev5?1 ,?irte5?1 ,n9ete5?1 ,tw5tie?1 ,tw5ty-fir/1 & ,tw5ty-?ird w>ds ( ,brooklyn4 ,,iv4 ,! ,f\rte5?1 ,fifte5?1 ,sixte5?1 ,sev5te5?1 ,tw5ty- f\r?1 & ,tw5ty-fif? w>ds ( ,brooklyn1 & ,new ,lots & ,flatl&s4 ,v4 ,ri*mond1 ,fir/1 ,second1 ,?ird1 ,fif?1 ,six?1 ,eigh?1 ,f\rte5?1 & p>ts ( ! ,f\r? & ,n9? w>ds ( ,new ,york1 & ,gov]nor's1 ,b$loes1 & ,ellis ,isl&s4 ,,vi4 ,! ,sev5?1 ,elev5?1 ,?irte5?1 & a "p ( ! ,f\r? w>ds ( ,new ,york4 ,,vii4 ,! ,t5?1 ,sev5te5?1 & portions ( ! ,fifte5?1 ,eighte5?1 & ,tw5ty-fir/ w>ds ( ,new ,york4 ,,viii4 ,! ,sixte5?1 & p>ts ( ! ,n9?1 ,fifte5?1 ,eighte5?1 & ,tw5tie? w>ds ( ,new ,york4 ,,ix4 ,! ,eighte5?1 ,n9ete5?1 & ,tw5ty-fir/ w>ds1 ly+ ea/ ( ,?ird ,av5ue1 ,new ,york1 & ,blackwell's ,isl&4 ,x4 ,portions ( ,tw5tie?1 ,tw5ty-fir/1 ,n9ete5?1 ,twelf?1 & ,tw5ty-second w>ds1 ,new ,york1 & ,w>d's & ,r&all's ,isl&s4 ,,xi4 ,! ,tw5ty-?ird1 ,tw5ty-f\r?1 & portions ( ! ,twelf?1 ,tw5tie?1 & ,tw5ty-second w>ds ( ,new ,york4 ,,xii4 ,we/*e/] & ,rockl&4 ,,xiii4 ,orange & ,sullivan4 ,,xiv4 ,ul/]1 ,s*oh>ie1 & ,gre5e4 ,,xv4 ,dut*ess1 ,columbia1 & ,putnam4 ,,xvi4 ,r5ssela] & ,wa%+ton4 ,,xvii4 ,albany4 ,,xviii4 ,s>atoga1 ,fulton1 ,hamilton1 ,montgom]y1 & ,s*5ectady4 ,,xix4 ,cl9ton1 ,essex1 & ,w>r54 ,,xx4 ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,frankl91 & ,lewis4 ,,xxi4 ,oswego & ,jeff]son4 ,,xxii4 ,oneida4 ,,xxiii4 ,madison1 ,otsego1 & ,h]kim]4 ,,xxiv4 ,delaw>e1 ,*5ango1 & ,broome4 ,,xxv4 ,onondaga & ,cortl&4 ,,xxvi4 ,cayuga1 ,tompk9s1 ,s5eca1 & ,tioga4 ,,xxvii4 ,*emung1 ,/eub51 ,allegany4 ,,xxviii4 ,wayne1 ,ont>io1 ,s*uyl]1 & ,yates4 ,,xxix4 ,monroe & ,orleans4 ,,xxx4 ,wyom+1 ,g5esee1 ,liv+/on1 & ,niag>a4 ,,xxxi4 ,erie4 ,,xxxii4 ,catt>augus & ,*autauqua4 ,,! ,,assembly4 ,allegany1 ,broome1 ,*emung1 ,*5ango1 ,cl9ton1 ,columbia1 ,cortl&1 ,delaw>e1 ,essex1 ,frankl91 ,fulton & ,hamilton1 ,g5esee1 ,gre5e1 ,h]kim]1 ,lewis1 ,liv+/on1 ,madison1 ,montgom]y1 ,ont>io1 ,orleans1 ,putnam1 ,ri*mond1 ,rockl&1 ,s*5ectady1 ,s*oh>ie1 ,s*uyl]1 ,s5eca1 ,suffolk1 ,sullivan1 ,tioga1 ,tompk9s1 ,w>r51 ,wyom+1 ,yates1 h ea* "o di/rict1 except ,fulton & ,hamilton :i* are unit$ 9 "o di/rict4 ,catt>augus1 ,cayuga1 ,*autauqua1 ,dut*ess1 ,jeff]son1 ,niag>a1 ,orange1 ,oswego1 ,otsego1 ,que5s1 ,s>atoga1 ,/eub51 ,wayne1 ,wa%+ton h ea* two di/ricts4 ,monroe1 ,oneida1 ,onondaga1 ,r5ssela]1 ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 ,ul/]1 & ,we/*e/] h ea* ?ree di/ricts4 ,albany has f\r di/ricts4 ,erie has five di/ricts4 ,k+s has twelve di/ricts4 ,new ,york has tw5ty-f\r di/ricts1 or ne>ly "o-fif? ( ! entire ,assembly4 ,9 all1 !re are "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight assembly di/ricts1 ea* elect+ "o memb] ( ! assembly4 ,q4 ,:at mu/ be done 9 ^? c\nties t are entitl$ to two or m memb]s8 ,a4 ,! bo>ds ( sup]visors ( su* c\nties1 except ! city & c\nty ( ,new ,york1 mu/ divide _! respective c\nties into ,assembly di/ricts2 ! numb] ( di/ricts be+ equal to ! numb] ( memb]s h]et(ore apportion$ by ! ,legislature to ^! sev]al c\nties2 ! t]ritory mu/ be contigu\s1 & no t[n c be divid$ 9 ! =mation ( di/ricts4 ,q4 ,by :om is ! city & c\nty ( ,new ,york divid$ into di/ricts8 ,a4 ,by ! bo>d ( ald]m52 !y meet = t purpose at su* "t z ! ,legislature %all designate4 ,,eligibility4 ,q4 ,:o are eligible to ! ,legislature8 ,a4 ,! requirem5ts are ^!4 ,i4 ,! c&idate mu/ be tw5ty-"o ye>s ( age4 ,,ii4 ,he mu/ n at ! "t ( election1 nor )9 "o-hundr$ days previ\s !reto1 h be5 a memb] ( congress1 a civil or milit>y (fic] "u ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 or any (fic] "u any city gov]nm5t4 ,,iii4 ,%\ld any p]son aft] 8 election to ! ,legislature be elect$ or appo9t$ to any ( ! (fices j nam$1 8 acceptance !re( w vacate 8 seat 9 ! ,legislature4 ,,duties4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! memb]s ( ! assembly8 ,i4 ,to take ! oa? ( (fice4 ,art4 ,,xii41 ,sec4 ,i ,con/4 ,,ii4 ,to organize by elect+ _! presid+ (fic]1 :o is call$ ! speak]2 & :o mu/ be "o ( _! numb]4 ,,iii4 ,to elect also ! o!r (fic]s1 viz3 a ,cl]k1 ,s]geant-at- ,arms1 ,door-,keep]1 & two assi/ant ,door-,keep]s2 p]sons n memb]s ( _! body4 ,,iv4 ,to h co-ord9ate jurisdiction ) ! ,s5ate 9 ! enactm5t ( laws4 ,v4 ,to pref] *>ges aga9/ (fic]s = misconduct 9 (fice2 :i* is call$ impea*m5t4 ,,organization4 ,q4 ,:o calls ! ,assembly to ord] = ! purpose ( organization8 ,a4 ,! ,cl]k ( ! la/ ,assembly4 ,q4 ,:o furni%es ! ,cl]k ) an (ficial li/ ( ! memb]s elect8 ,a4 ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate ,q4 ,by :om is ! oa? ( (fice adm9i/]$8 ,a ,usually by ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,! oa? may1 h[ev]1 be tak5 previ\sly1 be=e any ,ju/ice ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt1 ,attorney-,g5]al1 ! ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor1 any ,judge ( a ,c\nty ,c\rt1 ! ,mayor or ,record] ( any city1 or ! ,cl]k ( any c\nty or ,c\rt ( ,record4 ,! oa? :5ev] tak5 mu/ be duly subscrib$1 c]tifi$1 & fil$ 9 ! (fice ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,memb]s :o are abs5t at ! organization1 may be sworn by ! ,speak]1 if !y h n previ\sly tak5 ! oa?4 ,q4 ,by :om are ! o!r (fic]s appo9t$8 ,a4 ,by ! ,speak]1 except ^? 9 ! dep>tm5t ( ! ,cl]k2 he hav+ p[] to appo9t 8 own deputies4 ,,! ,,s5ate4 ,q4 ,:o is ! presid+ (fic] 9 ! ,s5ate8 ,a4 ,! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor1 & he is call$ ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate4 ,,duties4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,/ate ,s5ate8 ,i4 ,to elect ! rema9+ (fic]s1 ^: names & duties are ab\t ! same z 9 ! ,assembly4 ,,ii4 ,to h co-ord9ate jurisdiction ) ! ,assembly 9 enact+ laws ,,iii4 ,to act z a c\rt = ! trial ( impea*m5ts1 associat$ ) ! judges ( ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals1 & ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate4 ,,iv4 ,to confirm or reject appo9tm5ts made by ! ,gov]nor4 ,v4 ,to elect a tempor>y presid5t :5 ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor %all n att5d z presid5t1 or %all be call$ to act z ,gov]nor4 ,q4 ,h[ _m memb]s mu/ be pres5t 9 ea* h\se to d bus9ess8 ,a4 ,a majority1 :i* is call$ a quorum4 ,,bills4 ,q4 ,:]e may bills orig9ate8 ,a4 ,any bill may orig9ate 9 ei!r h\se ( ! ,legislature4 ,q4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,legislature ( ?is /ate & ,congress 9 ?is respect8 ,a4 ,9 ,congress all bills = rais+ rev5ues ,,mu/ orig9ate 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,q4 ,:at may ei!r h\se d ) bills orig9at+ 9 ! o!r h\se8 ,a4 ,am5d !m2 b bo? h\ses mu/ agree to ! am5dm5t or am5dm5ts1 be=e !y c become a law4 ,q4 ,:at is requir$ 9 ord] t a bill may become a law8 ,i4 ,! ass5t ( a majority ( all ! memb]s elect$ to ea* bran* ( ! ,legislature1 toge!r ) ! approval ( ! ,gov]nor2 ,,ii4 ,or if he disapproves ( x1 t x be return$ to ! h\se 9 :i* x orig9at$1 ) 8 objections2 &1 aft] reconsid]ation1 if two-?irds ( all ! memb]s elect$ to t h\se %all agree to pass ! bill1 x %all be s5t to ! o!r h\se by :i* x %all likewise be re-consid]$1 & if two- ?irds ( all its memb]s approve ( x1 x %all become a law not)/&+ ! objections ( ! ,gov]nor4 ,,iii4 ,if any bill %all n be return$ by ! ,gov]nor )9 t5 days 7,sundays except$7 aft] x %all h be5 pres5t$ to him1 x %all become a law 9 l mann] z if he _h sign$ x1 unless ! ,legislature1 by adj\rn+1 %all prev5t its return+2 9 :i* case x %all n become a law )\t ! signature ( ! ,gov]nor4 ,,iv4 ,no bill %all become a law aft] ! f9al adj\rnm5t ( ! ,legislature1 unless approv$ by ! ,gov]nor )9 ?irty days aft] su* adj\rnm5t4 ,,impea*m5t4 ,q4 ,:at class ( p]sons c be tri$ 9 ! c\rt ( impea*m5t8 ,a4 ,public (fic]s t h _h *>ges pref]r$ aga9/ !m by ! ,assembly4 ,q4 ,( :om is ! c\rt ( impea*m5t compos$8 ,a4 ,( ! ,s5ators1 or a majority ( !m1 ! ,judges ( ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals1 or a majority ( !m1 & ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor2 & two-?irds ( all pres5t mu/ concur 9 ord] to convict4 ,q4 ,:5 %all ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor n act z a memb] ( ?is c\rt8 ,a4 ,:5 ! ,gov]nor is be+ tri$4 ,he may be presum$ to be an int]e/$ p>ty1 = if ! ,gov]nor %\ld be f\nd guilty & be remov$1 ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor becomes ,gov]nor4 ,q4 ,:at p5alty c be inflict$ by ?is c\rt8 ,a4 ,removal f (fice1 or removal f (fice & disqualification to hold & enjoy any (fice ( honor1 tru/ or pr(it1 "u ?is /ate4 ,q4 ,c su* p>ties be fur!r puni%$8 ,a4 ,yes2 !y may be indict$1 tri$ & puni%$ accord+ to law1 by f9e or imprisonm5t1 or bo?1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! crime4 ,,vot+4 ,q ,:o are entitl$ to vote ^u all que/ions 9 ! ,legislature8 ,a4 ,all ! memb]s 9 ! ,assembly & ,s5ate2 & ?is includes ! ,speak] ( ! ,assembly4 ,q1 ,:5 is ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate entitl$ to vote8 ,a4 ,^u que/ions on :i* ! ,s5ate is equally divid$ or ti$4 ,q4 ,:y %\ld n ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate h a vote ^u all que/ions8 ,a4 ,because he has n be5 elect$ a memb] ( t body2 b becomes its presid+ (fic] by virtue ( ! con/itutional provision :i* makes ! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor its presid5t4 ,,k9ds ,,( ,,vot+4 ,q4 ,"n "s ( ! k9ds ( vot+ practic$4 ,i4 ,by %[+ h&s4 ,,ii4 ,by ,acclamation4 ,,iii4 ,by divid+ or sep>at+ ! p]sons vot+ into two bodies4 ,,iv4 ,by ,ballot4 ,v4 ,by ,ayes & ,noes4 ,,vi4 ,by ,viva ,voce4 ,q4 ,:]e are ! fir/ ?ree k9ds ( vot+ usually practic$8 ,a4 ,9 conv5tions ( diff]5t k9ds1 prim>y meet+s1 ,q4 ,:5 & h[ is ! six? k9d ( vot+ us$8 ,a4 ,9 ! election ( ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ators1 usually ! ,speak] ( ! ,assembly & a few o!r (fic]s1 & 9 ?is way3 z ! names ( ^? entitl$ to vote are call$1 !y respond by nam+ _! c&idate4 ,,sal>y4 ,q4 ,h[ are ,assemblym5 & ,s5ators paid8 ,i4 ,by a sal>y fix$ by ! con/itution1 ( "o ?\s& five hundr$ doll>s4 ,,ii4 ,& "o doll> = e t5 miles travell$ 9 go+ to & return+ f ! place ( meet+1 once 9 ea* session on ! mo/ usual r\te4 ,,iii4 ,s5ators :5 conv5$ 9 extraord9>y session1 or :5 s]v+ z memb]s ( ! ,c\rt ( ,impea*m5t1 & su* memb]s ( ! ,assembly1 n exce$+ n9e 9 numb]1 z %all be appo9t$ manag]s ( an impea*m5t1 %all receive t5 doll>s a day additional all[ance4 ,,/ate4 ,a tabul> view ( (fic]s1 %[+ ! s\rce f :5ce !y d]ive _! au?ority3 ,elect$ by ! ,p ( ! ,/ate ,executive ,gov]nor4 ,presid+ ,(fic] ,lieut4 ,gov]nor4 ,adm9i/rative ,secret>y ( ,/ate4 ,comptroll]4 ,treasur]4 ,attorney ,g5]al4 ,/ate ,eng9e] & ,surveyor4 ,judicial ,judges ( ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals4 ,appo9t$ by ,gov]nor & ,s5ate4 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,bank+4 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,insurance4 ,canal ,auditor4 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,prisons4 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,works4 ,not>ies ,public4 ,/ate ,assessors4 ,loan ,commission]s4 ,canal ,apprais]s4 ,qu>ant9e ,commission]s4 ,tru/ees ( ,/ate ,in/itutions1 & "s o!rs4 ,elect$ by jo9t bal4 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction4 ,reg5ts ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ators4 ,q4 ,:at are ! fir/ sev5 (fices call$8 ,a4 ,!y are call$ elective (fices4 ,q4 ,:y elective8 ,a4 ,because ! (fic]s are vot$ = directly by ! p4 ,q4 ,:y are ! ,sec ( ,/ate1 ,comp41 ,treasur]1 ,supt4 ( ,prisons & ,public ,works4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ,not>ies1 two ,loan ,commission]s = ea* ,c\nty1 ?ree ,canal ,apprais]s1 "o ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction1 n9ete5 ,reg5ts1 & two ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ators4 ,,t]m ,,( ,,(fice4 ,q ,= h[ long a t]m are ! ,gov]nor & ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor elect$8 ,a4 ,= ?ree ye>s ea*4 ,q ,= h[ long a t]m are ! ,sec ( ,/ate1 ,comp1 ,treas1 ,atty4 ,g54 & ,/ate ,eng4 & ,surveyor elect$8 ,a4 ,= two ye>s ea*4 ,q ,= h[ long a t]m are ! ,sup]9t5d5ts ( ,bank+1 ,insurance & ,canal ,auditor appo9t$8 ,a4 ,= ?ree ye>s4 ,q4 ,= h[ long a t]m is ! ,supt4 ( ,prisons appo9t$8 ,a4 ,= five ye>s4 ,q4 ,= h[ long a t]m is ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,works appo9t$8 ,a4 ,z long z ! t]m ( ! ,gov]nor appo9t+ him la/s4 ,q4 ,= h[ long a t]m is ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction elect$8 ,a4 ,= ?ree ye>s4 ,q4 ,= h[ long a t]m ! ,reg5ts ( ! ,univ]sity8 ,a4 ,= life4 ,,eligibility4 ,q4 ,:at ab\t ! eligibility ( ^! (fic]s8 ,a4 ,! ,gov]nor & ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor mu/ be ?irty ye>s ( age1 & %all h be5 = ! five ye>s next prec$+ _! election resid5ts ( ! ,/ate4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,gov]nor8 ,a4 ,he is comm&]-9-*ief ( all ! milit>y & naval =ces ( ! ,/ate1 has p[] to conv5e ! ,legislature 7or ,s5ate only7 on extraord9>y occasions1 communicates by message to ! ,legislature at e session ! condition ( ! ,/ate1 & recomm5ds su* measures z he deems exp$i5t1 transacts all necess>y bus9ess ) ! (fic]s ( ! gov]nm5t1 civil & milit>y1 exp$ites all measures resolv$ ^u by ! ,legislature1 takes c>e t ! laws are fai?fully execut$1 & has ! p[] ( grant+ reprieves1 commutations & p>dons = crimes4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor8 ,a4 ,he is ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate & has ! ca/+ vote !re91 is a memb] ( ! canal bo>d1 is "o ( ! commission]s ( ! ,l& ,(fice1 is "o ( ! commission]s ( ! ,canal ,fund1 is "o ( ! tru/ees ( ! ,capitol1 is "o ( ! tru/ees ( ! ,idiot ,asylum1 &1 ex-(ficio1 "o ( ! ,reg5ts ( ! ,univ]sity & memb] ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,*>ities4 ,if ! ,gov]nor dies1 resigns1 is impea*$1 or o!rwise becomes unable to dis*>ge ! p[]s & duties ( 8 (fice1 !y devolve ^u ! ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor = ! residue ( ! t]m4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate8 ,a4 ,he is ! keep] ( ! record books & pap]s belong+ to ! ,/ate1 receives & records all p>dons1 & o!r executive & legislative acts1 election returns1 etc41 furni%es c]tifi$ & pr9t$ copies to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,/ate & ,c\nty (fic]s1 & o!r p]sons au?oriz$ to receive ! same1 sup]vises ! pr9t+ ( ! laws pass$ ea* ye>1 reports annually to ! ,legislature /ati/ics ( paup]ism & crime1 & o!r in=mation :i* x may call =4 ,he is a memb] ( ! ,canal ,bo>d1 a commission] ( ! ,l& ,(fice1 a memb] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,/ate ,canvass]s1 a ,reg5t ( ! ,univ]sity1 a tru/ee ( ! ,capitol1 ( ! ,/ate ,hall1 ( ! ,idiot ,asylum1 & ( ! ,bo>d ( ,/ate ,*>ities4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,comptroll]8 ,a4 ,sup]9t5ds & manages ! fiscal conc]ns ( ! ,/ate1 reports to ! ,legislature its annual rev5ues1 exp5ditures & e/imates1 audits1 exam9es & settles acc\nts due to or f ! ,/ate1 directs & sup]9t5ds ! collection ( taxes & o!r moneys1 draws w>rants on ! ,treasur] = ! paym5ts ( debts due by ! ,/ate1 negotiates tempor>y loans1 if necess>y to meet dem&s aga9/ ! ,/ate1 c\nt]signs & regi/]s all ,treasur]'s *ecks & receipts4 ,he is a memb] ( ! ,canal ,bo>d1 a commission] ( ! ,l& ,(fice & ( ! ,canal ,fund1 a memb] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,/ate ,canvass]s1 a tru/ee ( ! ,capitol1 ! ,/ate ,hall & ! ,idiot ,asylum1 & a memb] ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,*>ities4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,treasur]8 ,a4 ,he has *>ge ( all ! moneys paid into ! ,/ate ,treasury1 pays drafts ^u ! w>rants ( ! ,comptroll]1 ! ,auditor ( ! ,canal ,dep>tm5t & ,sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,bank ,dep>tm5t1 & keeps ! ,/ate's ,bank acc\nt4 ,he is commission] ( ! ,l& ,(fice1 & ( ! ,canal ,fund1 a memb] ( ! ,canal ,bo>d1 & ,bo>d ( ,/ate ,canvass]s4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,attorney ,g5]al8 ,a4 ,he def5ds & prosecutes all suits 9 :i* ! ,/ate is int]e/$1 receives co/s adjudg$ to ! ,/ate1 prep>es drafts ( contracts1 etc1 = ,/ate (fic]s1 & prosecutes 9 _! behalf p]sons violat+ ! laws 9 reg>d to _! dep>tm5ts1 prosecutes crim9als 9 ! ,oy] & ,t]m9] :5 requir$ by ! ,gov]nor or ,ju/ices ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,he is commission] ( ! ,l& ,(fice & ( ! ,canal ,fund1 a memb] ( ! ,canal ,bo>d1 ! ,bo>d ( ,/ate ,canvass]s1 ! ,bo>d ( ,/ate ,*>ities & a tru/ee ( ! ,capitol & ,/ate ,hall4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,/ate ,eng9e] & ,surveyor8 ,a4 ,he prescribes ! duties (1 & assigns divisions ( canals to eng9e]s1 visits & inspects canals1 prescribes surveys1 maps1 plans1 e/imates1 etc41 9 ! con/ruction & improvem5t ( a canal1 is a memb] ( ! ,canal ,bo>d1 ( ,/ate ,canvass]s1 a commission] ( ! ,l& ,(fice & a tru/ee ( ! ,/ate ,hall4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,bank+8 ,a4 ,he has ! g5]al sup]vision ( ! banks ( ! ,/ate1 & reports _! condition annually to ! ,legislature1 issues circulat+ notes to banks on _! deposit+ securities1 hold+ _! /ocks & mortgage securities1 & :5 a bank proves insolv5t sells !m & r$eems its circulation4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,insurance8 ,a4 ,he has ! g5]al sup]vision ( all insurance companies transact+ bus9ess 9 ! ,/ate1 &1 reports _! condition annually to ! ,legislature4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,canal ,auditor8 ,a4 ,he draws w>rants on ! ,treasur] = all canal paym5ts1 audits all canal acc\nts1 in/ructs canal collectors & disburs+ (fic]s1 keeps acc\nt ( canal receipts & exp5ditures1 etc1 is ex-(ficio secret>y ( ! ,canal ,bo>d & ( ! ,commission]s ( ! ,canal ,fund4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,prisons8 ,a4 ,he has g5]al sup]vision ( ! prisons1 appo9ts ! keep]s & o!r (fic]s !re94 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,works8 ,a4 ,he has *>ge ( ! ,public ,works1 ( ! con/ruction ( new canals1 ! c]tificate ( ! prop] local au?orities1 & he visits & inquires into ! condition & managem5t ( ^! in/itutions2 is *airman ( ! committee ( ! ,/ate ,normal ,s*ools1 & apportions among ! c\nties ! numb] ( pupils :i* ea* is entitl$2 has *>ge ( ! ,indian1 s*ools2 he is1 ex-(ficio1 a ,reg5t ( ! ,univ]sity2 compiles ! commission]s' ab/racts ( s*ool di/ricts 9 ! ,/ate sett+ =? _! condition & ! acc\nt ( receipts & exp5ses = ea* ye>1 & makes an annual report to ! ,legislature4 ,q4 ,( :at (fic]s is ! ,canal ,bo>d compos$8 ,a4 ,! ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor1 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,comptroll]1 ,treasur]1 ,attorney ,g5]al1 ,/ate ,eng9e] & ,surveyor1 & ,canal ,sup]9t5d5t4 ,,sal>ies4 ,gov]nor #aj1jjj ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor #e1jjj ,secret>y ( ,/ate #e1jjj ,comptroll] #f1jjj ,treasur] #e1jjj ,/ate ,eng9e] & ,surveyor #e1jjj ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,bank+ #e1jjj ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,insurance #g1jjj ,canal ,auditor #e1jjj ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,prisons #f1jjj ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,works #f1jjj ,canal ,apprais]s #e1jjj ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruc'n1 #e1jjj ,q4 ,:o are ! ,/ate ,canvass]s8 ,a4 ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ,comptroll]1 ,treasur]1 ,attorney ,g5]al & ,/ate ,eng9e] & ,surveyor4 ,q4 ,:o are ! ,reg5ts at ! pres5t "t1 ,janu>y #a1 #ahha1 & :5 elect$8 ,! ,gov]nor1 ex-(ficio4 ,! ,lieut5ant-,gov]nor1 ex-(fixo4 ,! ,secret>y ( ,/ate1 ex-(ficio4 ,! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,public ,in/ruction1 ex (ficio4 #ahef4 ,george ,w4 ,cl9ton 4444444 ,buffalo4 #aheh4 ,lor5zo ,burr[s 444444444 ,albion4 #ahei4 ,rob]t ,s4 ,hale 44444 ,elizabe?t[n4 #ahfa4 ,elias ,w4 ,leav5wor? 4444 ,syracuse4 #ahfa4 ,j4 ,c>son ,brevoort 444444 ,brooklyn4 #ahfd4 ,geo4 ,wm4 ,curtis1 ,w4 ,new ,brighton4 #ahgj4 ,francis ,k]nan 4444444444 ,utica4 #ahga4 ,john ,l4 ,lewis 44444444444 ,p5n ,yan4 #ahgb4 ,h5ry ,r4 ,pi]son 44444444 ,albany4 #ahgc4 ,m>t9 ,i4 ,t[ns5d 4444444444 ,troy4 #ahgd4 ,anson ,j4 ,upson 44444444444 ,auburn4 #ahgf4 ,wm4 ,l4 ,bo/wick 444444444 ,i?aca4 #ahgg4 ,orris ,h4 ,w>r5 4444444 ,syracuse4 #ahgg4 ,*auncey ,m4 ,depew 444444 ,new ,york4 #ahgg4 ,*>les ,e4 ,fit* 4444444 ,ro*e/]4 #ahgh4 ,:itelaw ,reid 44444444 ,new ,york4 #ahgh4 ,leslie ,w4 ,russell 4444444 ,canton4 #ahha4 ,wm4 ,h4 ,watson 4444444444444 ,utica4 #ahha4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,turn] 444444444 ,l[ville4 ,,(fic]s ,,( ,,! ,,bo>d4 ,h5ry ,r4 ,pi]son1 ,*ancellor4 ,george ,w4 ,cl9ton1 ,vice-,*ancellor4 ,david ,murray1 ,secret>y4 ,daniel ,j4 ,pratt1 ,assi/ant ,secret>y4 ,,ix4--,,judici>y4 ,a tabul> view ( ! judici>y ( ! ,/ate1 comm5c+ ) ! l[e/ c\rts & %[+ !m 9 _! regul> ord]1 leav+ out su* z are e/abli%$ = p>ticul> localities4 ,i4 ,ju/ice ,c\rt ,,ii4 ,c\nty ,c\rt4 #a4 ,c\nty ,c\rt #b4 ,sessions4 ,,iii4 ,supreme #a4 ,circuit4 #b4 ,oy] & ,t]m9]4 #c4 ,special ,t]m4 #d4 ,g5]al ,t]m4 ,,iv4 ,c\rt ( ,appeals4 ,,ju/ice ,,c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at is ! l[e/ c\rt 9 ! ,/ate8 ,a4 ,a ,ju/ice's ,c\rt1 held 9 ea* t[n by "o ( ! ju/ices ( ! ,peace4 ,q4 ,:at jurisdiction has ?is c\rt8 ,a4 ,orig9al2 t is1 suits c be comm5c$ 9 x1 & tri$ 9 x4 ,q4 ,9 a civil action h[ l>ge a judgm5t c be obta9$8 ,a4 ,n to exce$ two hundr$ doll>s4 ,q4 ,c crim9al suits be tri$ 9 a ,ju/ice ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,"s c be tri$ 9 x2 b usually ! p>ties give bail = _! appe>ance at a high] c\rt to await ! action ( ! ,gr& ,jury4 ,,c\nty ,,c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at is ! next high] c\rt8 ,a4 ,! ,c\nty ,c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at are ! divisions ( ! ,c\nty ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,c\nty ,c\rt & ,c\rt ( ,sessions4 ,q4 ,= :at causes are ea* design$8 ,a4 ,! ,c\nty ,c\rt is = ! trial ( civil causes1 ! ,sessions = ! trial ( crim9al causes1 b n ( ! high] crimes4 ,q4 ,:at jurisdiction has ! ,c\nty ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,orig9al & ,appellate1 t is a suit may be comm5c$ 9 x1 or x may be appeal$ f a l[] c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at jurisdiction has ! ,c\rt ( ,sessions8 ,a4 ,orig9al2 no p]son c be tri$ 9 x1 :o is *>g$ ) a crime until he is indict$ by a ,gr& ,jury4 ,q4 ,:o presides 9 ! ,c\nty ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,! ,c\nty ,judge4 ,q4 ,:o presides 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,sessions8 ,a4 ,! ,c\nty ,judge & ! two ,ju/ices ( ,sessions4 ,q4 ,c bo? ( ! ,c\rts be held dur+ ! same t]m8 ,a4 ,!y c2 z soon z a cause has be5 tri$ 9 "o c\rt ! ,judge may *ange to ! o!r1 & %\ld x be ! ,sessions1 ! ,ju/ices ( ,sessions mu/ be on ! b5* ) ! ,judge2 %\ld x be ! ,c\nty ,c\rt1 he alone is ! c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at jury decides causes tri$ ei!r 9 ! ,sessions or ,c\nty ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,! ,petit ,jury1 consi/+ ( twelve m54 ,,supreme ,,c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at is ! next high] c\rt8 ,a4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at are its divisions8 ,a4 ,! ,circuit1 ,oy] & ,t]m9]1 ,special ,t]m & ,g5]al ,t]m4 ,q4 ,= judicial conv5i5ce1 ! ,/ate has be5 divid$ into di/ricts1 & h[ _m8 ,a4 ,into eight judicial di/ricts1 numb]$ f "o to eight1 inclusive4 ,q4 ,:at are ! (fic]s call$ 9 ?is c\rt8 ,a4 ,ju/ices ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,q4 ,h[ _m are elect$ 9 ea* di/rict8 ,a4 ,five ea* 9 ! fir/ & second di/ricts1 & f\r ea* 9 ! o!r six4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,supreme ,c\rt ,ju/ices 9 ! ,/ate8 ,a4 ,?irty-f\r4 ,q4 ,= h[ long a t]m are ^! ,ju/ices elect$8 ,a4 ,= f\rte5 ye>s4 ,sal>y1 #f1jjj1 & an annual all[ance = exp5ses4 ,q4 ,:at con/itutional provision 9 reg>d to eligibility8 ,a4 ,!y _c hold ! (fice long] ?an ! la/ day ( ,decemb] next aft] !y %all be sev5ty ye>s ( age4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( _! duties8 ,a4 ,to preside & try causes 9 ! ,circuit1 ,oy] & ,t]m9]1 & also he> appeals 9 ! ,special ,t]m1 & :5 appo9t$ ,judges ( ! ,g5]al ,t]m to he> & decide appeals !re4 ,,special ,,t]m4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,special ,t]m8 ,a4 ,a c\rt held by "o ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ,judges 9 ! di/rict simply = he>+ & decid+ motions & appeals4 ,,g5]al ,,t]m4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,g5]al ,t]m ,c\rt2 & h[ _m are !re 9 ! ,/ate8 ,a4 ,x is a c\rt = he>+ appeals1 & consi/s ( a s+le di/rict1 or a union ( sev]al di/ricts2 & !re are f\r 9 ! ,/ate1 organiz$ by an act ( ! ,legislature4 ,q4 ,:at is ! t]ritory embrac$ 9 ! jurisdiction ( a ,g5]al ,t]m call$8 ,a4 ,x is usually call$ a ,dep>tm5t1 & numb]$ ,fir/1 ,second1 ,?ird & ,f\r?4 ,! foll[+ table w give a view ( ,dep>tm5ts1 ,di/ricts & ,c\nties 9 ! ,/ate3 ,i4 ,dep4 consi/s ( ,i4 ,di/4 ,city & ,co4 ( ,n4 ,york4 ,,ii4 ,dep4 consi/s ( ,,ii4 ,di/4 ,ri*mond1 ,k+s1 ,que5s1 ,suffolk1 ,we/*e/]1 ,putnam1 ,dut*ess1 ,orange & ,rockl& ,c\nties4 ,,iii4 ,dep4 consi/s ( ,,iii4 ,di/4 ,columbia1 ,r5ssela]1 ,sullivan1 ,ul/]1 ,albany1 ,gre5e & ,s*oh>ie ,c\nties4 ,,iv4 ,di/4 ,w>r51 ,s>atoga1 ,/4 ,lawr'nce1 ,wa%+ton1 ,essex1 ,frankl91 ,cl9ton1 ,montgom'ry1 ,hamilton1 ,fulton & ,s*5ectady ,c\nties4 ,,vi4 ,di/4 ,otsego1 ,delaw>e1 ,madison1 ,*5ango1 ,tompk9s1 ,broome1 ,*emung1 ,s*uyl]1 ,tioga & ,cortl& ,c\nties4 ,,iv4 ,dep4 consi/s ( ,v4 ,di/4 ,onondaga1 ,jeff]son1 ,oneida1 ,oswego1 ,h]kim] & ,lewis ,c\nties4 ,,vii4 ,di/4 ,liv+/on1 ,ont>io1 ,wayne1 ,yates1 ,/eub51 ,s5eca1 ,cayuga & ,monroe ,c\nties4 ,,viii4 ,di/4 ,erie1 ,*autauqua1 ,catt>augus1 ,orleans1 ,niag>a1 ,g5esee1 ,allegany & ,wyom+ ,c\nties4 ,q4 ,h[ _m c\nties 9 ea* ( ! di/ricts8 ,a4 ,"o c\nty 9 ! ,fir/1 n9e 9 ! ,second1 sev5 9 ! ,?ird1 elev5 9 ! ,f\r?1 six 9 ! ,fif?1 t5 9 ! ,six?1 eight 9 ! ,sev5?1 eight 9 ! ,eigh? di/rict4 ,q4 ,h[ _m c\nties 9 ea* ( ! dep>tm5ts8 ,a4 ,"o 9 ! ,fir/1 n9e 9 ! ,second1 tw5ty-eight 9 ! ,?ird1 & tw5ty-two 9 ! ,f\r?4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,ju/ices con/itute ! ,g5]al ,t]m ,c\rt1 or ! c\rt held 9 & = ! dep>tm5t8 ,a4 ,?ree 9 ea* ,dep>tm5t4 ,q4 ,:]e d ^! ,ju/ices come f8 ,a4 ,!y are appo9t$ by ! ,gov]nor f ! ,supreme ,c\rt ,ju/ices t h be5 previ\sly elect$ by ! p4 ,q4 ,mu/ ^! ,ju/ices be tak5 f _! respective dep>tm5ts8 ,a4 ,n necess>ily2 !y may be transf]r$ f ano!r dep>tm5t2 z = in/ance1 a ,ju/ice f ,buffalo 9 ! ,f\r? ,dep>tm5t has be5 transf]r$ to ! ,fir/ ,dep>tm5t4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,supreme ,c\rt ,ju/ices are elect$ 9 ! t]ritory kn[n z ! ,fir/ ,dep>tm5t8 ,a4 ,five4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,supreme ,c\rt ,ju/ices are elect$ 9 ! di/rict kn[n z ! ,second ,dep>tm5t8 ,a4 ,five4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,supreme ,c\rt ,ju/ices are elect$ 9 ! di/ricts kn[n z ! ,?ird ,dep>tm5t8 ,a4 ,twelve4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,supreme ,c\rt ,ju/ices are elect$ 9 ! di/ricts kn[n z ! ,f\r? ,dep>tm5t8 ,a4 ,twelve4 ,,c\rt ,,( ,,appeals4 ,q4 ,( :at does ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals ,consi/8 ,a4 ,( sev5 ,judges1 elect$ by ! electors ( ! :ole ,/ate = a t]m ( f\rte5 ye>s2 "o ( _! numb] is call$ a ,*ief ,judge1 ! o!rs are call$ ,associate ,judges2 !y _c hold ! (fice aft] !y are sev5ty ye>s old4 ,q4 ,:at jurisdiction has ?is c\rt8 ,a4 ,appellate4 ,q4 ,/ate h[ appeals may be tak5 f "o c\rt to ano!r8 ,a4 ,! p>ty aggriev$ may appeal f a ,ju/ice ,c\rt to a ,c\nty ,c\rt2 f ,c\nty or ,supreme ,c\rts to ,special ,t]m2 f ,special ,t]m to ,g5]al ,t]m2 f ,g5]al ,t]m to ,c\rt ,( ,appeals4 ,q4 ,:at may ^! ,c\rts d8 ,a4 ,!y may affirm decisions made by l[] c\rts1 or rev]se decisions1 or grant new trials4 ,! sal>y ( ! ,*ief ,judge ( ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals is #g1ejj2 ( 8 ,associates1 #g1jjj4 ,,illu/ration4 ,q4 ,9 :at c\rt mu/ a p]son *>g$ ) ! crime ( murd] be tri$8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,oy] & ,t]m9]1 or 9 "s c\rt hav+ ! same jurisdiction4 ,q4 ,:at privilege has ! prison] if convict$8 ,a4 ,he has ! "r to appeal to ! ,ju/ice hold+ a special t]m1 ask+ = a new trial4 ,q4 ,%\ld ?is ,ju/ice refuse to grant x1 :at fur!r c he d8 ,a4 ,appeal to ! ,g5]al ,t]m4 ,q4 ,x ! ,g5]al ,t]m refuse1 :at !n8 ,a4 ,x c be tak5 to ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals4 ,q4 ,if ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals refuse to grant a new trial1 :at !n8 ,a4 ,! decision ( ! ,oy] & ,t]m9] mu/ be c>ri$ out unless ! ,gov]nor int]f]es4 ,q4 ,9 case ! p5alty is dea? & ! day = execution has pass$1 :at !n8 ,a4 ,! prison] mu/ be re-s5t5c$ by ! judge t presid$ at ! trial4 ,q4 ,9 case ei!r ( ! ,appellate ,c\rts grants a new trial1 :at is to be done8 ,a4 ,! cause w be tri$ 9 ! same c\rt1 or1 9 "o hav+ ! same jurisdiction1 b be=e a diff]5t jury4 ,q4 ,h[ are civil causes manag$ on appeal8 ,a4 ,9 ! same way1 only t ! c\rt may affirm or rev]se decisions z well z grant new trials4 ,a ,,few ,,comp>isons ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,/ate ,,& ,,national ,,gov]nm5ts4 ,q4 ,"n "o simil>ity betwe5 ! ,/ate & ,national gov]nm5ts8 ,a4 ,ea* has ?ree divisions1 ! ,legislative1 ,executive & ,judici>y4 ,q4 ,"n a simil>ity 9 ! ,legislative dep>tm5t8 ,a4 ,ea* has two bran*es4 ,9 ! ,/ate !y are call$ ,assembly & ,s5ate2 9 ! ,national gov]nm5t !y are call$ ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives & ,s5ate4 ,! ,assembly & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives ea* elect _! own speak]2 ! ,/ate ,s5ate is presid$ ov] by ! ,lieut5ant ,gov]nor4 ,! ,national ,s5ate is presid$ ov] by ! ,vice-,presid5t4 ,q4 ,:at is ! numb] ( memb]s 9 ea* at ! pres5t "t8 ,a4 ,9 ! ,assembly !re are "o hundr$ & tw5ty-eight1 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives two hundr$ & n9ety-?ree1 9 ! ,/ate ,s5ate ?irty-two1 9 ! ,national ,s5ate sev5ty-six4 ,q4 ,h[ d _! t]ms ( (fice comp>e8 ,a4 ,! memb]s ( ! ,assembly are elect$ = "o ye>1 ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives = two ye>s1 ( ! ,/ate ,s5ate = two ye>s1 ( ! ,national ,s5ate = six ye>s4 ,,judici>y4 ,q4 ,9 :at respect are ! ,/ate ,c\rts & ,national ,c\rts simil>8 ,a4 ,ea* has a ,supreme & ,circuit c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at are ! names appli$ to ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rts8 ,a4 ,! ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates calls !m ,inf]ior ,c\rts1 & "o ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,a ,,tabul> ,,view ,,( ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,c\rts4 ,i4 ,inf]ior #a4 ,di/rict ,c\rts4 #b4 ,circuit ,c\rts4 ,,ii4 ,supreme4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,di/rict ,c\rts are !re at pres5t8 ,a4 ,sixty-five2 fifty-six ( !m be+ 9 ! ,/ates1 & n9e ( !m 9 ! ,t]ritories4 ,q4 ,:at is ! l>ge/ numb] ( di/ricts into :i* any ,/ate is divid$8 ,a4 ,?ree2 ,alabama1 ,new ,york & ,t5nessee h ?ree di/ricts ea*2 ,ark41 ,fla41 ,ill41 ,mi*41 ,miss41 ,mo41 ,n4 ,c41 ,ohio1 ,p5n1 ,texas1 ,va4 & ,wis4 h two di/ricts ea*1 & ! rema9+ ,/ates & ,t]ritories "o ea*4 ,q4 ,:at (fic]s 9 ! ,di/rict ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,"o ,di/rict ,judge1 a ,di/rict ,attorney1 ,assi/ant ,di/rict ,attorneys1 a ,m>%al1 a ,cl]k1 & a l>ge numb] ( ,deputy ,m>%als2 & also ,regi/]s 9 ,bankruptcy4 ,q4 ,:at jurisdiction has a ,di/rict ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,orig9al jurisdiction4 ,q ,:at are ! sal>ies ( ! ,di/rict ,judges8 ,a4 ,f\r ?\s& doll>s ea*4 ,q4 ,:at does ! t]ritory ( sev]al di/ricts con/itute8 ,a4 ,a ,circuit4 ,q4 ,h[ _m ,circuits are !re8 ,a4 ,n9e1 ea* presid$ ov] by a ,circuit ,judge2 & _! names are z foll[s3 #a4 ,circuit consi/+ ( ,ma9e1 ,n4 ,h1 ,mass41 ,r4 ,i4 ,john ,s[ell1 ,judge4 #b4 ,circuit consi/+ ( ,conn41 ,vt4 & ,n4 ,y4 ,samuel ,j4 ,blat*=d1 ,judge4 #c4 ,circuit consi/+ ( ,p5n41 ,n4 ,j4 & ,del4 ,wm4 ,mc,kennan1 ,judge4 #d4 ,circuit consi/+ ( ,n4 ,c41 ,s4 ,c41 ,md4 & ,va4 ,hugh ,l4 ,bond1 ,judge4 #e4 ,circuit consi/+ ( ,miss41 ,la41 ,ala41 ,fla41 ,ga4 & ,texas4 ,william ,b4 ,woods1 ,judge4 #f4 ,circuit consi/+ ( ,ohio1 ,mi*41 ,ky41 ,t5n4 & ,w4 ,va4 ,john ,baxt]1 ,judge4 #g4 ,circuit consi/+ ( ,ind41 ,ill4 & ,wis4 ,?omas ,drummond1 ,judge4 #h4 ,circuit consi/+ ( ,m9n1 ,i[a1 ,mo41 ,ark41 ,kan4 & ,nebraska4 ,george ,w4 ,mc,crary1 ,judge4 #i4 ,circuit consi/+ ( ,cal41 ,oregon1 ,nevada & ,colorado4 ,lor5zo ,sawy]1 ,judge4 ,q4 ,:at jurisdiction has ! ,circuit ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,orig9al4 ,sal>y ( ! ,judges1 #f1jjj4 ,,supreme ,,c\rt4 ,q4 ,:at t]ritory is embrac$ 9 ! jurisdiction ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,! :ole ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,q4 ,h[ _m judges con/itute ! ,supreme ,c\rt8 ,a4 ,n9e2 correspond+ ) ! numb] ( ! ,circuits4 ,q4 ,:at are ! names ( ! ,supreme ,judges4 ,,*ief ,,ju/ice4 ,morrison ,r4 ,waite 444 appo9t$ #ahgd ,,associate ,,ju/ices4 ,na?an ,clif=d 444 appo9t$ #aheh ,noah ,h4 ,swayne 444 appo9t$ #ahfb ,john ,m4 ,h>lan 444 appo9t$ #ahgg ,samuel ,f4 ,mill] 444 appo9t$ #ahfb ,/eph5 ,j4 ,field 444 appo9t$ #ahfc ,wiliam ,/rong 444 appo9t$ #ahgj ,joseph ,p4 ,bradley 444 appo9t$ #ahgj ,w>d ,hunt 444 appo9t$ #ahgb ,q4 ,:5 does ! ,supreme ,c\rt meet8 ,a4 ,! fir/ ,monday 9 ,decemb]1 at ,wa%+ton4 ,q4 ,:at is its jurisdiction8 ,a4 ,pr9cipally ,appellate2 x has ,orig9al jurisdiction 9 a few cases1 z m5tion$ 9 ,con/itution4 ,q4 ,by :om are all ^! judges appo9t$8 ,a4 ,by ! ,presid5t & ,s5ate4 ,q4 ,:at is ! sal>y ( ! ,supreme ,c\rt ,judges8 ,a4 ,! ,*ief ,ju/ice receives t5 ?\s& five hundr$ doll>s4 ,associates receive t5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,q4 ,= h[ long a t]m are all ^! judges appo9t$8 ,a4 ,!y hold ! (fice = life1 or dur+ good behavior1 or until !y resign4 ,election ( a ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,election ,,( ,a ,,presid5t ,,& ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,q4 ,"u h[ _m heads may ?is topic be treat$8 ,a4 ,two3 ! fir/ be+ ! mann] pursu$ by ! political p>ties = nom9at+ c&idates2 ! second1 ! con/itutional provisions = elect+ !m4 ,prelim9>y action ( political p>ties4 ,i4 ,call+ ( a ,national ,conv5tion4 ,,ii4 ,call+ ( ,/ate ,conv5tions4 ,,iii4 ,call+ ( ,c\nty or ,assembly ,di/rict ,conv5tions4 ,,iv4 ,call+ ( ,t[n ,caucuses4 ,q4 ,by :om is ! ,national ,conv5tion call$8 ,a4 ,by a ,national ,committee appo9t$ at ! la/ ,national ,conv5tion1 or ! "o held f\r ye>s be=e4 ,q4 ,by :om is ! ,/ate ,conv5tion call$8 ,a4 ,by a ,/ate ,committee1 appo9t$ at ! ,/ate ,conv5tion held ! ye> be=e4 ,q4 ,by :om is ! ,c\nty or ,assembly ,di/rict ,conv5tion call$8 ,a4 ,by a ,c\nty or ,di/rict ,committee1 appo9t$ at a previ\s conv5tion4 ,q4 ,by :om is a ,t[n ,caucus call$8 ,a4 ,by a ,t[n ,committee1 appo9t$ at a previ\s meet+4 ,q4 ,:i* meet+ is held fir/8 ,a4 ,! ,t[n ,caucus1 & delegates are elect$ at ?is meet+ to att5d a ,c\nty or ,assembly ,di/rict ,conv5tion1 ,q4 ,:i* ,conv5tion is held next8 ,a4 ,! ,c\nty or ,assembly ,di/rict ,conv5tion1 :i* elects delegates to att5d ! ,/ate ,conv5tion4 ,q4 ,:i* ,conv5tion is held next8 ,a4 ,! ,/ate ,conv5tion1 :i* elects delegates to att5d ! ,national ,conv5tion4 ,q4 ,:at ,conv5tion is held next8 ,a4 ,! ,national ,conv5tion4 ,! delegates !n & !re assembl$ nom9ate c&idates = ! (fices ( ,presid5t & ,vice- ,presid5t2 & adopt _! political plat=m4 ,q4 ,:5 d ^! conv5tions j nam$ take place8 ,a4 ,once 9 f\r ye>s1 9 ! mon?s ( ,april1 ,may & ,june1 prec$+ ! presid5tial election4 ,fur!r actions by political p>ties4 ,i4 ,/ate ,conv5tion = nom9at+ ! ,electors = ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t4 ,,ii4 ,vot+ = ^! ,electors at ! annual election4 ,q4 ,:5 does ! ,/ate ,conv5tion = nom9at+ ! ,electors meet8 ,a4 ,at a "t :5 x is conv5i5t to nom9ate ,/ate (fic]s3 = in/ance1 ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 ,q4 ,to h[ _m ,electors is ea* ,/ate entitl$8 ,a4 ,z _m z x has ,repres5tatives & ,s5ators4 ,= in/ance1 ,new ,york has ?irty-?ree ,repres5tatives 9 ! ,h\se1 & two ,s5ators2 !re=e ,new ,york is entitl$ to ?irty-five electoral votes4 ,colorado has "o ,repres5tative1 & two ,s5ators1 & is entitl$ to ?ree electoral votes4 ,q4 ,h[ are ^! ,electors di/ribut$ ab\t ! ,/ate8 ,a4 ,"o ,elector is elect$ = ea* ,congressional ,di/rict2 ! two o!rs are call$ ,electors at ,l>ge1 & are select$ f any "p ( ! ,/ate4 ,q4 ,:at mu/ ea* political p>ty d t x may get its c&idates be=e ! p8 ,a4 ,x mu/ h its conv5tions & nom9ate ! requir$ numb] ( ,electors4 ,q4 ,:at are ^! ,electors int5d$ to repres5t8 ,a4 ,! views ( ! p>ty nom9at+ !m4 ,o4 ,h[ frequ5tly1 & :5 is a ,presid5tial election held8 ,a4 ,once 9 f\r ye>s1 on ! ,tuesday foll[+ ! fir/ ,monday 9 ,novemb]1 ?r\gh\t all ! ,/ates4 ,q4 ,:at mu/ ea* vot] d1 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 t he may ca/ a ballot = ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t8 ,a4 ,he mu/ h& to ! inspectors ( election a ballot ^u1 :i* is pr9t$ ! names ( ! ?irty-five ,electors4 ,q4 ,by :om are ^! votes to be canvass$ 7or c\nt$78 ,a4 ,by ! same (fic]s t canvass o!r votes4 ,9 ,new ,york ,/ate ! inspectors ( election canvass = _! respective election di/ricts1 & c]tify ! same to ! ,bo>d ( ,c\nty ,canvass]s2 ! ,c\nty ,canvass]s canvass = c\nties1 & c]tify to ! ,/ate ,canvass]s2 ! ,/ate ,canvass]s canvass = ! ,/ate2 & ! ,executive au?ority ( ea* ,/ate causes ?ree li/s ( ! ,electors ( su* ,/ate to be made & c]tifi$ & deliv]$ to ! said ,electors1 on or be=e ! fir/ ,w$nesday 9 ,decemb]4 ,,meet+ ,,( ,,presid5tial ,,electors4 ,q4 ,:at mu/ ! ,electors t h be5 decl>$ elect$ !n d8 ,a4 ,i4 ,!y mu/ meet on ! fir/ ,w$nesday 9 ,decemb] succe$+ _! election1 at su* place 9 ea* ,/ate z ! ,legislature !re( %all designate 7usually ! capital71 & vote = ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t1 "o ( :om %all n be an inhabitant ( ! same ,/ate ) !mselves4 ,,ii4 ,! ,electors mu/ make & sign ?ree c]tificates ( all ! votes by !m giv5 = ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t1 annex+ to ea* a c]tificate ( ! ,electors furni%$ by ! au?ority ( ! ,executive4 ,,iii4 ,^! c]tificates mu/ be seal$1 c]tify+1 on ! outside ( ea*1 t !re is conta9$ !re9 a li/ ( ! votes ( su* ,/ate = ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t4 ,,iv4 ,a p]son duly appo9t$ by ! ,electors1 or a majority ( !m1 mu/ take *>ge ( & deliv] "o ( ^! c]tificates to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 at ! seat ( gov]nm5t ,v4 ,! second c]tificate mu/ be =w>d$ ?r\gh ! mails to ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 at ! seat ( gov]nm5t4 ,,vi4 ,! ?ird c]tificate mu/ be deliv]$ to ! ,judge ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt 9 :i* ! electors assemble4 ,,op5+ ,,& ,,c\nt+ ,,! ,,electoral ,,votes4 ,q4 ,:5 & by :om mu/ ^! c]tificates be op5$8 ,a4 ,on ! second ,w$nesday 9 ,febru>y ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! ,s5ate & ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 mu/ op5 ^! c]tificates1 & ! votes mu/ !n be c\nt$4 ,! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes1 if t numb] be a majority1 %all be ! ,presid5t2 & ! p]son hav+ ! greate/ numb] ( votes = ,vice-,presid5t1 if t numb] be a majority1 %all be ! ,vice-,presid5t ,q4 ,:o mu/ c\nt ! votes8 ,a4 ,tell]s appo9t$ = t purpose by ! ,h\se & ,s5ate4 ,q4 ,9 case nei!r c&idate = ! presid5cy has a majority ( all ! electoral votes ca/1 :at mu/ be done8 ,a4 ,! election goes to ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,,election ,,by ,,! ,,h\se ,,( ,,repres5tatives4 ,q4 ,h[ does ?is election take place8 ,a4 ,i4 ,two-?irds ( ! ,/ates mu/ be repres5t$ to con/itute a quorum4 ,,ii4 ,! c&idates mu/ be ^? already vot$ =1 & mu/ be conf9$ to ^? receiv+ ! highe/ numb]1 n exce$+ ?ree4 ,,iii4 ,ea* ,/ate is entitl$ to only "o vote3 & x w be ca/ accord+ to ! wi%es ( a majority ( ! memb]s 9 ! ,h\se f t ,/ate4 ,if1 = in/ance1 a ,/ate has fifte5 memb]s1 eight belong+ to "o p>ty & sev5 to ano!r2 ! eight1 be+ a majority1 w1 if agre$1 ca/ ! "o vote1 ! m9ority hav+ no voice 9 ! election4 ,%\ld !re be an ev5 numb] ( memb]s f any ,/ate1 & %\ld !y be equally divid$ betwe5 two c&idates1 !re might be "o-half ( a vote = ea* c&idate4 ,q1 ,9 case ( a failure on ! "p ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives to elect a ,presid5t be=e ! f\r? ( ,m>*1 :at !n8 ,a4 ,! ,vice-,presid5t mu/ act z ,presid5t4 ,,election ,,( ,,vice-,,presid5t ,,by ,,! ,,s5ate4 ,q4 ,c ! ,s5ate ev] elect a ,vice-,presid5t8 ,a4 ,yes1 :5 ! p h fail$ to elect a ,vice-,presid5t1 !n ! ,s5ate mu/ elect4 ,q4 ,h[ is ?is done8 ,a4 ,i4 ,two-?irds ( all ! ,s5ators con/itute a quorum4 ,,ii4 ,! ,s5ate mu/ vote = ! two p]sons :o receiv$ ! highe/ numb] ( votes = ,vice-,presid5t4 ,,iii4 ,a majority ( all ! memb]s elect$ to ! ,s5ate is necess>y to a *oice4 ,,iv4 ,%\ld !re be a tie 9 ! ,s5ate1 ! ,vice-,presid5t may give ! ca/+ vote4 ,v4 ,%\ld ! ,vice-,presid5t h succe$$ to ! presid5cy1 or h vacat$ 8 (fice1 & ! ,presid5t pro tem1 7a ,s5ator71 preside1 9 t case !re might be a tie1 & no election rea*$4 ,,! ,,presid5t ,,pro ,,tem4 ,q4 ,:at are ! provisions = fill+ tempor>ily ! (fice ( ,presid5t1 :5 vacant8 ,a4 ,i4 ,9 case ( ! removal1 dea?1 resignation1 or inability1 ( bo? ! ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate pro tem41 & 9 case !re be no ,presid5t ( ! ,s5ate1 !n ! ,speak] ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %all act z ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = ! "t1 until ! disability be remov$1 or a ,presid5t be elect$4 ,,ii4 ,9 case ( a vacancy 9 bo? ! (fices = ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t1 ! ,secret>y ( ,/ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 %all notify ! ,gov]nors ( all ! ,/ates1 & cause ! same to be pr9t$ 9 at lea/ "o newspap] 9 ea* ,/ate1 ord]+ an election = electors ( ,presid5t & ,vice-,presid5t3 ,,provid$ !re %all be a space ( two mon?s betwe5 ! ord]+ ( ! same & ! fir/ ,w$nesday 9 ,decemb] foll[+4 ,,! ,,electoral ,,college4 ,i4 ,! t]m ,electoral ,college means ! presid5tial ,electors :5 assembl$ z a body to ca/ ! vote = ,presid5t & ,vice- ,presid5t ,,ii4 ,ea* ,/ate may provide by law = ! fill+ ( any vacancy :i* may exi/ 9 its college ( electors1 :5 su* college meets to ca/ its electoral vote4 ,,eligibility4 ,i4 ,no p]son %all hold ! (fice1 ei!r ( ,presid5t or ,vice- ,presid5t1 except native born citiz5s1 or ^? :o 7 9 ?is c\ntry at ! "t ( ! adoption ( ! ,con/itution4 ,,ii4 ,! c&idate mu/ h be5 a resid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates = f\rte5 ye>s4 ,,iii4 ,he mu/ be at ! "t ( 8 election ?irty-five ye>s ( age4 ,,duties4 ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,presid5t8 ,a4 ,i4 ,he is ,comm&] 9 ,*ief ( ! ,army & ,navy ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,ii4 ,& ( ! ,militia ( ! sev]al ,/ates :5 call$ into ! actual s]vice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,iii4 ,he has p[] to grant reprieves & p>dons = (f5ces aga9/ ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 except 9 cases ( impea*m5t4 ,,iv4 ,he has p[] to make treaties :5 two-?irds ( ! ,s5ate pres5t concur4 ,v4 ,he nom9ates1 &1 by & ) ! cons5t ( ! ,s5ate ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 appo9ts ,ambassadors1 ,public ,m9i/]s1 ,consuls1 ,judges ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c\rts1 & all o!r ,unit$ ,/ates (fic]s n o!rwise provid$ =4 ,,vi4 ,he may fill all vacancies t happ5 dur+ recess ( ! ,s5ate1 by grant+ commissions t expire at ! close ( ! next session4 ,,vii4 ,he mu/ f "t to "t give to ,congress in=mation 9 reg>d to ! condition ( affairs 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & recomm5d su* measures z he deems exp$i5t4 ,= fur!r duties1 see ,con/itution ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,art4 ,,ii4 ,,vice-,,presid5t4 ,i4 ,! ,vice-,presid5t is ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate1 & has a vote only 9 case ( a tie4 ,,ii4 ,9 case he succe$s to ! presid5cy1 !n he p]=ms ! duties ( ! ,presid5t1 & ! ,presid5t pro tem4 7a ,s5ator7 p]=ms ! duties ( ,vice-,presid5t & ,s5ator4 ,,sal>ies4 ,footnote3 ,! ,presid5t's sal>y _c be increas$ or dim9i%$ dur+ 8 t]m ( (fice4 ,! ,presid5t receives #ej1jjj4 ,! ,vice-,presid5t receives #h1jjj4 ,a tabul> view %[+ h[ "s ,unit$ ,/ates (fic]s get _! au?ority1 & f :om4 ,f ! p4 ,i4 ,electors #a4 ,presid5t4 #b4 ,vice-,presid5t4 ,memb]s ( ! ,h\se ( ,rep's4 ,presid5t sometimes4 ,footnote3 ,9 #ahja1 & #ahbe4 ,:o8 ,f ! ,/ate ,legislatures ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ators ,v4 ,presid5t sometimes4 ,footnote3 ,ri*>d ,m4 ,johnson 0 elect$ ,vice-,presid5t by ! ,s5ate 9 #ahcg4 ,?is is1 ?us f>1 ! only in/ance4 ,appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t & confirm$ by ! ,s5ate4 ,presid5t's ,cab9et consi/+ (3 #a4 ,sec4 ( ,/ate4 #b4 ,sec4 ( ,treasury4 #c4 ,sec4 ( ,w>4 #d4 ,sec4 ( ,navy4 #e4 ,sec4 ( ,int]ior4 #f4 ,po/ma/] ,g54 #g4 ,attorney ,g54 ,gov]nors ( t]ritories4 ,ambassadors4 ,m9i/]s to =eign c\ntries4 ,consuls4 ,judges ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt4 ,judges ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,circuit ,c\rts4 ,judges ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rts4 ,po/ma/]s4 ,& _m o!r (fic]s4 ,q4 ,:at class ( (fic]s 9 ! ,/ate p]=ms ne>ly ! same duties z ! ,cab9et (fic]s 9 ! ,nation8 ,a4 ,^? class$ z ,adm9i/rative1 on page #ee2 9 ! ,/ate !y are elect$ by ! p2 9 ! ,nation !y are appo9t$ by ! ,presid5t4 ,,duties ,q4 ,:at are "s ( ! duties ( ! ,cab9et (fic]s8 ,a4 ,i4 ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,/ate1 at ! head1 ( ! ,/ate ,dep>tm5t1 pres]ves ! public ar*ives1 records1 laws1 argum5ts & treaties1 & sup]vises _! publication2 conducts all bus9ess & correspond5ce aris+ out ( =eign relations1 makes out & records passports1 commissions1 etc4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,! ,,treasury1 at ! head ( ! ,treasury ,dep>tm5t1 receives & has *>ge ( all moneys paid into ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,treasury1 has g5]al sup]vision ( ! fiscal transactions ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 ! collection ( rev5ue1 ! audit+ & paym5t ( acc\nts & o!r disbursem5ts2 sup]vises ! execution ( ! laws relat+ to ,comm]ce & ,navigation1 ! ,rev5ues & ,curr5cy1 ! ,coa/ ,survey1 ! ,m9t & ,co9age1 ! ,ligh?\se ,e/abli%m5ts1 ,cu/om ,h\ses1 etc4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,w>1 at ! ,w> ,dep>tm5t1 has *>ge ( bus9ess gr[+ out ( milit>y affairs1 keeps ! records ( ! army1 issues commissions1 directs ! gov]nm5t ( troops1 sup]9t5ds _! paym5t1 /ores1 clo?+1 arms1 equipm5ts & ordnance1 con/ructs =tifications & conducts works ( milit>y eng9e]+1 riv] & h>bor improvem5ts4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,! ,,navy1 at ! head ( ! ,navy ,dep>tm5t1 has *>ge ( ! ,naval e/abli%m5ts & all bus9ess connect$ !re)1 issues ,naval commissions1 in/ructions & ord]s1 sup]vises ! enli/m5t & dis*>ge ( seam51 ! con/ruction ( ,navy ,y>ds & ,docks1 ! con/ruction & equipm5t ( vessels1 ,coa/ ,surveys1 etc4 ,v4 ,,! ,,secret>y ,,( ,,! ,,int]ior1 at ! head ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,int]ior1 has *>ge ( ! survey1 managem5t1 sales & grants ( ,public ,l&s1 ! exam9ation ( ,p5sion & ,b\nty ,l& claims1 ! managem5t ( ,indian affairs1 ! aw>d ( ,pat5ts1 ! di/ribution ( ,se$s & ,plants1 ! tak+ ( ,c5suses1 ! managem5t ( ,gov]nm5t m9es1 etc4 ,! ,bureau ( ,education is a bran* ( ?is dep>tm5t4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,po/ma/] ,,g5]al1 at ! head ( ! ,po/-(fice ,dep>tm5t1 has *>ge ( ! ,po/al ,sy/em1 ! e/abli%m5t & discont9uance ( ,po/-(fices1 ! appo9tm5t ( ,ag5ts1 ! contracts = c>ry+ ! mails1 etc4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,attorney ,,g5]al1 at ! head ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice1 is ! legal advis] ( ! ,presid5t & memb]s ( ! ,cab9et1 exam9es titles1 applications = p>dons & judicial & legal appo9tm5ts1 conducts & argues suits 9 :i* ! ,gov]nm5t is conc]n$1 etc4 ,q4 ,"n ! pres5t ,cab9et (fic]s4 ,,ambassadors1 ,,m9i/]s ,,& ,,consuls4 ,q4 ,:at is an ,ambassador8 ,a4 ,an ,ambassador is a m9i/] ( ! highe/ rank1 appo9t$ to repres5t ! int]e/s ( a c\ntry at ! c\rt1 or seat ( gov]nm5t ( "s o!r c\ntry4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y8 ,a4 ,a ,m9i/] ,pl5ipot5ti>y is an ,ambassador or ,envoy1 inve/$ ) full p[]s to negotiate a treaty1 or d "s o!r special bus9ess1 )\t be+ a p]man5t resid5t ( su* c\ntry4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 he is call$ ,ambassador extraord9>y4 ,q4 ,:at is a ,consul8 ,a4 ,a p]son commission$ to reside 9 a =eign c\ntry z an ag5t or repres5tative ( a gov]nm5t1 to protect ! rights1 comm]ce1 m]*ants & seam5 ( ! c\ntry1 & to aid 9 comm]cial1 & sometimes 9 diplomatic transactions1 ) su* =eign c\ntry2 he is sometimes call$ ,ambassador or ,m9i/] ,,ord9>y4 ,,sal>ies4 ,q4 ,:at are ! sal>ies ( ! ,cab9et (fic]s8 ,a4 ,ea* memb] receives eight ?\s& doll>s a ye>4 ,q4 ,:at are ! sal>ies ( ,s5ators1 & ,repres5tatives 9 ,congress8 ,a4 ,ea* receives an annual sal>y ( five ?\s& doll>s a ye>1 & an all[ance ( tw5ty c5ts p] mile = travel 9 go+ to & return+ f ,wa%+ton4 ,q4 ,"n a few ( ! highe/ sal>ies paid ,ambassadors1 ,m9i/]s & ,consuls4 ,to ,london1 ,to ,p>is1 ,to ,b]l91 ,to ,/4 ,pet]sburgh1 #ag1ejj ea*4 ,to ,vi5na1 ,to ,madrid1 ,to ,pek91 ,to ,rome1 ,to ,y$do1 ,to ,mexico1 ,to ,rio ,jan]io1 #ab1jjj ea*4