,this e,book was prepared by ,robert ,rowe1 ,charles ,franks and the ,online ,distributed ,proofreading ,team4 ,,civil ,,government ,,for ,,common ,,schools4 ,,prepared ,,as ,a ,,manual ,,for ,,public ,,instruction ,,in ,,the ,,state ,,of ,,new ,,york4 ,to which are appended the ,constitution of the ,state of ,new ,york as amended at the election of #ahhj1 the ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 and the ,declaration of ,independence4 ,,by ,,henry ,c4 ,,northam1 ,,conductor ,,of ,,teachers' ,,institutes4 ,,preface ,,to ,,third ,,edition4 ,instruction in ,civil ,government should be both theoretical and practical4 ,unfortunately the text-books in general use stop with the theory4 ,they deal with the science of government1 but1 being intended for use throughout the ,united ,states1 they give no information as to the ,,art of government as practiced in this ,state4 ,our students learn what is the guaranty of ,republican government1 but not how that government is exercised in their own town4 ,they are drilled in ,incorporeal ,hereditaments1 but do not learn what kind of causes can be tried before a ,justice of the ,peace4 ,to supply this deficiency1 is the aim of the present manual4 ,beginning with the school district1 the names1 manner of election1 duties1 and salaries are given of all important officers from the school trustee to the ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,the rapid sale of the ,first and ,second ,editions of this book encourages the hope that1 with the additions now made1 this manual may be considered indispensable in every ,,progressive school in the ,state of ,new ,york4 ,,henry ,c4 ,,northam4 ,,lowville1 ,april #bb1 #ahgh4 ,i4--,,introduction4 ,officers are elected to administer the government for ,i4 ,the ,united ,state ,,ii4 ,each ,state ,,iii4 ,counties4 ,,iv4 ,cities ,v4 ,towns ,,vi4 ,districts ,the following are names given to some of the different kinds of districts in the ,state of ,n4 ,york ,i4 ,road1 ,school and ,election ,districts4 ,,ii4 ,school ,commissioner ,districts4 ,,iii4 ,assembly districts ,,iv4 ,senatorial districts ,v4 ,congressional districts ,,vi4 ,judicial districts ,,question4 ,which are the smallest districts named8 ,a4 ,road1 ,school and ,election districts4 ,q4 ,what is a road district8 ,a4 ,a portion of a town placed under the charge of an officer1 whose duty it is to see that the roads are kept in good condition4 ,q4 ,what is a school district8 ,a4 ,a portion of a town or city1 placed under the care of officers1 whose duties are to maintain a public school in and for the district ,q4 ,what is an ,election district8 ,a4 ,a whole or part of a town1 in which all the voting is done at one poll4 ,q4 ,what is a ,school commissioner district8 ,a4 ,a whole or a portion of a county1 under the jurisdiction of a school commissioner4 ,q4 ,what is an ,assembly district8 ,a4 ,a whole or a portion of a county set off for the purpose of electing a ,member of the ,assembly1 except ,fulton and ,hamilton1 which together form one district1 and elect one member4 ,q4 ,what is a ,senatorial district8 ,a4 ,a portion of a county1 a whole county1 or several counties combined for the purpose of electing a ,senator2 the amount of territory depending upon population4 ,q4 ,what is a ,congressional district8 ,a4 ,a portion of a county1 a whole county1 or several counties combined for the purpose of electing a ,representative in ,congress2 the amount of territory depending upon population4 ,q4 ,what is a ,judicial district8 ,a4 ,one county 7as in the case of ,new ,york71 or several counties united for the purpose of electing ,supreme ,court ,judges4 ,q4 ,name the civil divisions in regular order and tell what a combination of each forms8 ,a4 ,road and school districts form towns2 towns when united form counties2 counties when united form a ,state2 and also in many instances1 ,senatorial1 ,congressional and ,judicial districts4 ,states when united form a ,union4 ,q4 ,how many ,states are there8 ,a4 ,thirty-eight4 ,q4 ,how many counties in ,new ,york ,state8 ,a4 ,sixty4 ,q4 ,how many towns in ,new ,york ,state8 ,a4 ,nine hundred and forty2 the number is changing from year to year2 the exact number can be found by consulting the almanacs that give the election returns4 ,q4 ,how many cities in the ,state of ,new ,york8 ,a4 ,twenty4 ,q4 ,how many ,school ,commissioner districts in ,new ,york ,state8 ,a ,one hundred and twelve4 ,q4 ,how many ,assembly districts8 ,a4 ,one hundred and twenty-eight4 ,q4 ,how many ,senatorial districts8 ,a4 ,thirty two4 ,q4 ,how many ,judicial districts8 ,a4 ,eight4 ,q4 ,how many ,congressional districts8 ,a4 ,thirty-three4 ,q4 ,how many ,school districts in ,new ,york ,state8 ,a4 ,about twelve thousand4 ,q4 ,by what authority are counties organized8 ,a4 ,by the ,state ,legislature4 ,q4 ,how are ,towns formed8 ,a4 ,by an act of the board of supervisors4 ,q4 ,by whom are ,school districts formed8 ,a4 ,generally by the school commissioners1 sometimes assisted by the supervisor and town clerk of the town2 sometimes by special legislation4 ,q4 ,what power defines the number of ,assembly1 ,senatorial and ,judicial districts8 ,a4 ,the ,state ,constitution4 ,q4 ,what power decides upon the number of ,congressional districts8 ,a4 ,the ,congress of the ,united ,states4 ,,note--,the following table will be the guide for questioning through all the succeeding pages3 ,i4 ,name of office ,,ii4 ,number of ,officials holding the same office at the same time4 ,,iii4 ,term of office4 ,,iv4 ,eligibility4 ,v4 ,duties4 ,,vi4 ,salary or how paid4 ,,ii--,,the ,,school ,,district4 ,q4 ,what is a school district8 ,q4 ,how many school districts in your town8 ,q4 ,how many school districts in your county8 ,q4 ,how many school districts in ,new ,york ,state8 ,q4 ,what are the names of the officers in a school district8 ,a4 ,i4 ,trustee or trustees2 or a board of education4 ,,ii4 ,clerk4 ,,iii4 ,collector4 ,,iv4 ,librarian ,q4 ,what is the number of officials holding the same office at the same time8 ,a4 ,i4 ,one or three trustees1 as a district decides4 ,if a board of education1 it may be not less than three nor more than nine4 ,,ii4 ,one clerk ,,iii4 ,one collector4 ,,iv4 ,one librarian4 ,q4 ,what are the names of those districts in which there is a board of education8 ,a4 ,union free school districts2 and they are allowed to have an additional officer1 called a treasurer4 ,q4 ,what is the term of office of each8 ,a4 ,i4 ,if there be only one trustee1 his term is one year4 ,,ii4 ,if there be three trustees1 the term is three years1 one being elected each year2 if the board of education consists of six or nine members1 the term is three years2 one third of the number being elected each year4 ,,iii4 ,clerk1 collector and librarian1 each hold the office for one year4 ,q4 ,who are eligible to school offices in this state8 ,a4 ,none but males2 they must be twenty-one years of age2 and trustees can hold no other school office4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of school district officers8 ,,trustees4 ,a4 ,i4 ,to hold and keep district property for the use of the school4 ,,ii4 ,to hire and pay a qualified teacher or teachers1 and maintain a school for at least twenty-eight weeks during the school year4 ,,iii4 ,to make to the school commissions an annual report between the first and second ,tuesdays of ,august in each year4 ,,iv4 ,to make out all district taxes and issue a warrant for their collection1 etc41 etc4 ,,clerk4 ,i4 ,to record the proceedings of the district4 ,,ii4 ,to give notice according to law of annual and special meetings4 ,,iii4 ,to notify each person elected or appointed to office1 and also to report their names and post-office address to the town clerk4 ,,iv4 ,to notify the trustees of every resignation accepted by the supervisor4 ,v4 ,to keep and preserve all books1 records and papers belonging to his office1 and to deliver the same to his successor1 etc1 etc1 ,,collector4 ,i4 ,to collect all district taxes made out by trustees and placed in his hands4 ,,ii ,to pay out the money as directed by their order4 ,,librarian4 ,to have charge and supervision of the school district library4 ,q4 ,what is the salary of these officers and how paid8 ,a4 ,the collector only is entitled to pay2 he receives one per cent4 on all moneys collected during the first fourteen days after advertising2 after that time five per cent4 ,q4 ,how shall we find hereafter that officers are paid8 ,a4 ,some are paid a salary2 some by the day2 some by a fee2 some by a per cent4 ,q4 ,what is meant by a salary8 a fee8 a per cent8 ,q4 ,how can a school district having three trustees change to one trustee8 ,q4 ,can a district having a sole trustee change back and legally elect three8 ,,note--,all questions unanswered here1 should be studied by teachers very carefully1 and the correct answers obtained4 they should also introduce many others that will be suggested by the lesson4 ,,iii4--,,the ,,town4 ,q4 ,what is a town8 ,q4 ,how many towns in your county8 ,q4 ,how many towns in ,new ,york ,state8 ,q4 ,what are the names of the officers in a town1 the number of officials in each1 and their terms of office8 ,a4 ,i4 ,one supervisor1 elected for one year4 ,,ii4 ,one town clerk1 elected for one year4 ,,iii4 ,four justices of the peace1 elected for four years4 ,,iv4 ,three assessors1 elected for three years4 ,v4 ,one or three highway commissioners1 as the electors may determine2 if one be elected1 the term is one year2 if three1 the term is three years4 ,,vi4 ,one or two overseers of the poor1 as the electors may determine2 term one year4 ,,vii4 ,one collector1 elected for one year4 ,,viii4 ,constables1 not to exceed five2 term one year4 ,,ix4 ,one game constable2 term one year4 ,x4 ,three town-auditors2 term one year4 ,,xi4 ,three excise commissioners2 term three years4 ,,xii4 ,three inspectors of election2 term one year2 and in some villages and cities a sealer of weights and measures4 ,q4 ,what are some of their duties8 ,i4 ,,supervisors4 ,i4 ,to receive the school money belonging to the town1 and pay it out by order of the trustees4 ,,ii4 ,to receive other money belonging to the town1 and disburse the same according to law4 ,,iii4 ,to meet with the other supervisors of the county as a board of county canvassers4 ,,iv4 ,to meet with the other supervisors of the county as a board of supervisors2 to audit all lawful accounts against the county1 make out the tax lists and cause them to be collected2 and perform such other acts of legislation as the constitution and statute laws have conferred upon them4 ,,ii4 ,,town ,,clerk4 ,i4 ,to keep the records of the town4 ,,ii4 ,to keep in his custody such books and papers as belong to the town4 ,,iii4 ,to act as clerk of the town meetings1 ,,iv4 ,to file such papers as properly belong to his office2 and to perform the general clerical duties for the town4 ,,iii4 ,,justices ,,of ,,the ,,peace4 ,i4 ,to be the judicial officers for the town4 ,,ii4 ,to issue warrants for the arrest of persons accused of committing crimes1 and also summonses for the purpose of bringing before them persons for trial in civil actions4 ,,iii4 ,to take acknowledgment of conveyances1 administer oaths1 act as inspectors at the town meeting1 etc4 ,,iv4 ,,assessors4 ,i4 ,to make an inventory of the real estate in the town1 naming the number of acres owned by each person1 and fixing upon the same a valuation in proportion to its worth4 ,,ii4 ,to make an inventory of the personal property held by the several persons in town1 such as notes1 mortgages1 c41 which with the real estate forms the basis for taxes4 ,v4 ,,highway ,,commissioners4 ,i4 ,to have the care and general supervision of the highways and bridges4 ,,ii4 ,to lay out new roads1 when directed by a jury legally called for that purpose and discontinue others when directed by the same authority4 ,,iii4 ,to divide the town into districts1 and appoint overseers for the same4 ,,vi4 ,,overseers ,,of ,,the ,,poor4 ,to look after and provide for1 either at home or in the county house1 such as are in indigent circumstances4 ,,vii4 ,,collector4 ,i4 ,to give a bond to the supervisor for double the amount to be collected1 with one or more sureties for the faithful performance of his duties4 ,,ii4 ,to receive the tax list and warrant1 and collect the tax and pay it over as directed4 ,,viii4 ,,constables4 ,i4 ,to serve summonses issued by the justices4 ,,ii4 ,to arrest and bring prisoners before a justice1 and to have the custody of them4 ,,iii4 ,to collect moneys upon executions1 and if necessary to sell property to satisfy the same4 ,,iv4 ,to see that order is preserved in the community4 ,v4 ,to attend the higher courts in their official capacity when directed by the sheriff4 ,,ix4 ,,game ,,constable4 ,to look after and prosecute for the violation of the game laws4 ,x4 ,,town ,,auditors4 ,to examine the accounts of the town officers and pass upon the same4 ,,xi4 ,,excise ,,commissioners4 ,to meet and act upon petitions asking for the privilege of selling spirituous liquors4 ,,xii4 ,,inspectors ,,of ,,election4 ,i4 ,to preside at the annual election1 receive the votes legally presented1 and deposit them in boxes prepared for that purpose4 ,,ii4 ,to count the ballots at the close of the election1 make a true statement thereof and transmit it to the board of canvassers4 ,q4 ,how are these officers paid8 ,a4 ,i4 ,supervisors receive three dollars per day for county services1 and two dollars per day for town services1 and are entitled to extras for copying assessment roll and paying out school money4 ,,ii4 ,town clerks are paid by the day for services2 also a fee for recording and filing papers4 ,,iii4 ,justices1 mostly paid by fees2 as officers of the town meeting they are paid by the day4 ,,iv4 ,collectors receive a percentage for collecting the money4 ,v4 ,constables receive a fee1 a percentage1 and for some services are paid by the day4 ,,vi4 ,game constables receive a portion of the fine money collected by reason of their prosecutions4 ,,vii4 ,all the remaining officers are paid for their services by the day4 ,q4 ,what must all these officers do before entering upon their duties8 ,a4 ,they must qualify2 that is1 take the oath of office4 ,q4 ,what is the oath of office8 ,a4 ,see state constitution1 art4 ,,xii1 sec4 ,i4 ,q4 ,who can administer the oath of office8 ,a4 ,i4 ,the county clerk administers the oath to the justices of the peace4 ,,ii4 ,a justice of the peace administers the oath to all other town officers1 except inspectors of election4 ,,iii4 ,the chairman of the inspectors of election administers the oath to the other inspectors1 and one of the others in turn administers it to the chairman4 ,q4 ,how many supervisors in the towns of the state8 ,q4 ,how many supervisors in the cities of the state8 ,q4 ,how many justices of the peace in the state8 ,,iv4--,,the ,,county4 ,q4 ,what is a county8 ,q4 ,by what authority organized8 ,q4 ,how many counties in the state8 ,q4 ,when was the colony of ,new ,york first divided into counties8 ,a4 ,in #afhc4 ,q4 ,how many counties were established in #afhc and their names8 ,a4 ,ten3 viz1 ,kings1 ,queens1 ,suffolk1 ,new ,york1 ,richmond1 ,westchester1 ,dutchess1 ,albany1 ,ulster and ,orange4 ,q4 ,what are these counties called8 ,a4 ,original counties4 ,q4 ,what are the names of the county offices1 the number of officials in the same office1 and their term8 ,a4 ,i4 ,one sheriff1 term is three years4 ,,ii4 ,one county judge1 term is six years3 in a few counties there are special judges2 same length of term4 ,,iii4 ,in counties containing more than forty thousand inhabitants a surrogate may be elected2 in counties containing less than forty thousand inhabitants1 the county judge performs the duties of judge and surrogate2 the term of surrogate is six years2 in a few counties there are special surrogates4 ,,iv4 ,one county clerk2 term is three years4 ,v4 ,one treasurer2 term is three years4 ,,vi4 ,one district attorney2 term is three years4 ,,vii4 ,four coroners2 term is three years4 ,,viii4 ,one or three superintendents of the poor2 term is three years4 ,,ix4 ,two justices of sessions2 term is one year4 ,x4 ,one school commissioner for each commissioner district2 term is three years4 ,q4 ,what about the eligibility of these officers8 ,a4 ,i4 ,the sheriff is prohibited from holding the same office for a succeeding term1 neither can he hold any other office at the same time4 ,const41 ,art4 ,x1 ,sec4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,no county judge can hold the office longer than the last day of ,december succeeding his seventieth birthday4 ,art ,,vi1 ,sec4 #ac4 ,,iii4 ,no person1 except a counselor at law in the supreme court1 can hold the office of district attorney1 if there be such an one in the county2 if there be none1 then an attorney may be elected4 ,,iv4 ,supervisors and county treasurers cannot hold the office of ,county superintendent of the poor4 ,v4 ,no sheriff1 under sheriff1 deputy1 sheriffs clerk or coroner can practice as counselor at law during his term of office4 ,,vi4 ,justices of the sessions must be acting justices of the peace in their respective towns4 ,,vii4 ,there are no other prohibitions in regard to age or re- election of county officers4 ,q4 ,what are some of their duties8 ,i4 ,,sheriff4 ,a4 ,i4 ,he is the executive officer of the county4 ,,ii4 ,by himself or by his deputies1 executes civil and criminal processes throughout the county4 ,,iii4 ,has charge of the jail and prisoners4 ,,iv4 ,attends courts1 and keeps the peace4 ,v4 ,must be present by himself or under-sheriff1 at the drawing of jurors1 and cause them to be legally summoned4 ,,ii4 ,,judge4 ,i4 ,he is the presiding officer in the county court4 ,,ii4 ,he may with two justices of sessions1 hold ,courts of ,sessions1 with such criminal jurisdiction as the ,legislature may prescribe1 ,,iii4 ,the county judge of any county may preside at ,courts of ,sessions1 or hold ,county ,courts1 in any other county except ,new ,york and ,kings1 when requested by the judge of such other county4 ,art4 ,,vi1 ,sec4 #ae4 ,,iii4 ,,surrogate4 ,i4 ,takes proof of wills of real or personal property4 ,,ii4 ,grants letters testamentary of administrative4 ,,iii4 ,attends generally to the settlement of the estates of deceased persons4 ,,iv4 ,,county ,,clerk ,i4 ,he is the clerk of the courts held in and for the county1 namely3 ,circuit1 ,oyer and ,terminer1 ,county ,court and ,court of ,sessions1 and the ,special ,term4 ,,ii4 ,administers the oath to jurors and witnesses4 ,,iii4 ,records the judgments of the courts4 ,,iv4 ,draws the grand and petit juries and makes a return of the same4 ,v4 ,records mortgages1 deeds1 satisfaction papers1 c4 ,v4 ,,treasurer4 ,i4 ,receives the moneys collected by the several town collectors for county and state taxes4 ,,ii4 ,pays over to the comptroller the amount going to the state4 ,,iii4 ,pays out the amount due the county1 as directed by law4 ,,iv4 ,receives from the comptroller the school money due the county1 and pays the same over to the several supervisors1 as directed by the school commissioner's certificate4 ,v4 ,makes a general statement of the financial affairs of his office to the board of supervisors1 annually4 ,,vi4 ,,district ,,attorney4 ,i4 ,he is the attorney for the county4 ,,ii4 ,presents complaints made to him accusing parties of crime1 to the grand jury4 ,,iii4 ,draws bills of indictment when found by the grand jury4 ,,iv4 ,tries indicted parties in the ,oyer and ,terminer1 and ,court of ,sessions4 ,,vii4 ,,coroners4 ,i4 ,look after and inquire into all matters concerning persons slain1 or who have died mysteriously4 ,,ii4 ,summon a jury1 subpoena witnesses1 and ascertain as far as possible all the facts in regard to the death4 ,,iii4 ,in case of a vacancy in the office of sheriff1 and there being no under sheriff1 one of the coroners designated by the county judge1 performs the duties of sheriff until said vacancy be filled by election or appointment4 ,,iv4 ,have power to arrest the sheriff upon criminal processes4 ,,viii4 ,,superintendents ,,of ,,the ,,poor4 ,have the general care of the county poor house2 appoint persons to take charge of the same2 and render an account annually to the board of supervisors of their doings4 ,,ix4 ,,justices ,,of ,,sessions4 ,i4 ,sit upon the bench with the county judge in the ,court of ,sessions and with the ,supreme ,court judge in the ,oyer and ,terminer1 for the trial of such criminals as have been indicted by a grand jury4 ,,ii4 ,the law gives them just as much power in the decision of questions as the judge4 ,x4 ,,school ,,commissioners4 ,i4 ,apportion the school moneys among the several districts in the county4 ,,ii4 ,make an annual report to the superintendent of public instruction1 containing all the statistics embraced in the several reports from the trustees of his district4 ,,iii4 ,visit and examine all the schools and school districts within their districts as often in each year as shall be practicable2 inquire into all matters relating to the management1 the course of study and mode of instruction1 the text books used and the discipline of such schools4 ,,iv4 ,examine in regard to the moral character1 learning and ability to teach1 persons proposing to teach public schools in their districts2 and if they find them1 qualified1 grant them certificates in the form prescribed by the superintendent4 ,v4 ,form new districts1 or change the boundary lines of old ones4 ,,vi4 ,organize at least once each year1 or in concert with one or more commissioners in the same county1 a teachers' institute1 and induce if possible all the teachers in their districts to be present and take part in its exercises4 ,q4 ,what are the salaries of each of these officers1 or how paid8 ,i4 ,,sheriff4 ,a4 ,i4 ,receives a fee on all papers served ,,ii4 ,receives a per cent on money collected on executions4 ,,ii4 ,,judge4 ,receives a salary established by the legislature1 varying in different counties according to population and business4 ,,iii4 ,,surrogate4 ,i4 ,receives a salary1 varying in different counties1 according to business4 ,,ii4 ,when the judge performs the duties of surrogate the one salary suffices for all the duties performed4 ,,iii4 ,the surrogate is entitled to a clerk4 ,,iv4 ,,county ,,clerk4 ,i4 ,receives a fee for all papers recorded4 ,,ii4 ,receives a fee for administering oaths in court4 ,,iii4 ,is paid extra for copying or re-indexing old records4 ,v4 ,,treasurer4 ,i4 ,the county treasurer shall receive an annual salary fixed by the board of supervisors4 ,,ii4 ,the salary shall be established by the board1 at least six months before his election4 ,,iii4 ,the salary shall not be increased nor diminished during his term of office4 ,,vi4 ,,district ,,attorney4 ,i4 ,a salary fixed by the board of supervisors1 when they resolve so to do4 ,,ii4 ,can try civil causes1 when not engaged officially1 receiving as his own the fees for the same4 ,,vii4 ,,coroners4 ,i4 ,for holding inquests they are entitled to a reasonable compensation to be audited and allowed by the board of supervisors4 ,,ii4 ,for performing sheriff's duties1 they are entitled to same fees as sheriff4 ,,viii4 ,,superintendent ,,of ,,the ,,poor4 ,paid by the day4 ,,ix4 ,,justices ,,of ,,sessions4 ,three dollars a day4 ,x4 ,,school ,,commissioners4 ,i4 ,a salary of eight hundred dollars a year1 established by law4 ,,ii4 ,supervisors are required to audit and allow two hundred dollars extra for expenses4 ,,iii4 ,a majority of the supervisors of any school commissioner district may increase the salary of said school commissioner2 the increased salary must be levied upon the towns composing such commissioner district4 ,q ,what must county officers do1 before entering upon the duties of their office8 ,a4 ,take the oath prescribed by ,state ,constitution in ,art4 ,,xii1 ,sec4 ,i4 ,q4 ,what county officers are required in addition to the oath prescribed to execute a bond for the faithful performance of their duties8 ,a4 ,sheriff1 county treasurer1 surrogate and county superintendents of the poor4 ,q4 ,who administers the oath of office to the county officers8 ,a4 ,the county clerk4 ,q4 ,in case of the re-election of the county clerk1 before whom can he qualify8 ,a4 ,the county judge4 ,q4 ,where are these oaths of office and bonds recorded8 ,a4 ,in the county clerk's office4 ,q4 ,who is the sheriff of this county8 ,q4 ,who is the present judge and what is his salary8 ,q4 ,is there a separate officer as surrogate1 and why8 ,q4 ,who is the county clerk8 ,q4 ,who is the county treasurer8 ,q4 ,who is the district attorney8 ,q4 ,who are the coroners8 ,q4 ,who are the superintendents of the poor8 ,q3 ,who are the justices of sessions8 ,q4 ,who are the school commissioners8 ,,town ,,auditors4 ,by laws of #ahgh1 #ahgi and #ahhj1 the following-named counties are exempt from electing town auditors1 as prescribed on page #ac3 ,wayne1 ,delaware1 ,allegany1 ,oneida1 ,cayuga1 ,erie1 ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,schuyler1 ,rockland1 ,orange1 ,sullivan1 ,columbia1 ,broome1 ,lewis1 ,madison1 ,wyoming1 ,queens1 ,jefferson1 ,fulton1 ,oswego1 ,suffolk1 ,onondaga1 ,saratoga1 ,ontario1 ,yates1 ,rensselaer1 ,genesee1 ,schenectady1 ,monroe1 ,livingston1 ,otsego1 ,schoharie1 ,niagara and ,orleans4 ,a ,,table ,showing the salaries of the several county judges and surrogates of the ,state of ,new ,york at the present time1 as established by the statutes of #ahgg and #ahhj3 ,,counties4 ,,judge4 ,,surrogate4 ,new ,york1 ------- #ab1jjj ,kings1 #aj1jjj #aj1jjj ,erie1 #e1jjj #d1jjj ,albany1 #d1ejj #d1jjj ,westchester1 #d1ejj #d1jjj ,onondaga1 #d1jjj #d1jjj ,oneida1 #d1jjj #d1jjj ,monroe1 #d1jjj #d1jjj ,rensselaer1 #c1ejj #c1ejj ,saratoga1 #c1jjj #b1ejj ,ulster1 #c1jjj #c1jjj ,dutchess1 #c1jjj #c1jjj ,queens1 #b1ejj #c1jjj ,chautauqua1 #b1jjj #a1fjj ,cayuga1 #b1jjj #b1jjj ,columbia1 #b1jjj #b1ejj ,ontario1 #b1jjj #a1ejj ,cattaraugus1 #a1ejj #a1ejj ,oswego1 #a1ejj #a1ejj ,jefferson1 #a1ejj #a1ejj ,niagara1 #a1ejj #a1ejj ,orange1 #a1ejj #b1ejj ,otsego1 #a1hjj #a1ejj ,st4 ,lawrence1 #a1gej #a1gej ,washington1 #a1bjj #a1ejj ,suffolk1 #a1jjj #a1ejj ,the following are counties in which county judges act as surrogates1 receiving the one salary for both offices2 #b1jjj ,salary ,franklin1 ,greene1 ,rockland1 ,schenectady1 ,warren1 ,wayne1 ,delaware ,orleans1 #c1jjj ,salary ,broome1 ,chemung1 ,chenango1 ,herkimer1 ,livingston1 ,madison1 ,clinton1 #c1ejj ,salary ,richmond1 ,steuben1 #b1ejj ,salary ,cortland1 ,essex1 ,genesee1 ,schoharie1 #b1ejj ,salary ,tioga1 ,tompkins1 ,wyoming1 ,montgomery1 #a1ejj ,salary ,putnam1 ,schuyler1 ,yates1 #a1gej ,salary ,allegany1 #b1bej ,salary ,fulton1 #a1bjj ,salary ,sullivan1 ,lewis1 #a1jjj ,salary ,seneca1 #hjj ,salary ,hamilton1 ,v4--,,the ,,city4 ,q4 ,what is a city8 ,q4 ,by what authority organized8 ,a4 ,by an act of the legislative4 ,q4 ,what instrument defines its powers8 ,a4 ,a charter4 ,q4 ,what are the divisions of a city called8 ,a4 ,wards4 ,q4 ,name the cities in ,new ,york ,state1 when incorporated1 and the number of wards in each8 ,answer3 ,pop4 in #ahjj ,new ,york1 #afhj1 has #bd wards1 #a1bjf1eij ,brooklyn1 #ahcd1 has #be wards1 #eff1fhi ,buffalo1 #ahcb1 has #ac wards1 #aee1acg ,albany1 #ahcb1 has #af wards1 #ij1ijc ,rochester1 #afhf1 has #af wards1 #hi1cfc ,troy1 #ahaf1 has #ac wards1 #ef1gdg ,syracuse1 #ahdg1 has #h wards1 #ea1gia ,utica1 #ahcb1 has #ab wards1 #cc1iac ,auburn1 #ahdh1 has #g wards1 #ba1ibd ,oswego1 #ahdh1 has #h wards1 #ba1aag ,elmira1 #ahfd1 has #g wards1 #bj1eda ,poughkeepsie #ahed1 has #f wards1 #bj1bjg ,cohoes1 #ahfi1 has #d wards1 #ai1dag ,yonkers1 #ahgb1 has #d wards1 #ah1hib ,kingston1 #ahgb1 has #i wards1 #ah1cdb ,newburg1 #ahfe1 has #d wards1 #ah1jej ,binghamton1 #ahfg1 has #e wards1 #ag1cae ,l4 ,i4 ,city1 #ahgj1 has #e wards1 #ag1aag ,schenectady1 #agih1 has #e wards1 #ac1fge ,lockport1 #ahfe1 has #d wards1 #ac1ebb ,rome1 #ahgj1 has #e wards1 #ab1jde ,watertown1 #ahfi1 has #d wards1 #aj1fig ,ogdensburg1 #ahfh1 has #d wards1 #aj1cdj ,hudson1 #aghe1 has #d wards1 #h1hbh ,the census for #ahhj is not fully completed1 but gives substantially the above figures4 ,q4 ,how populous must a village be1 before it can be incorporated as a city8 ,a4 ,no definite number is required2 whenever a large proportion of the inhabitant desire it1 the legislature will grant a city charter4 ,q4 ,what is the executive officer of a city called8 ,a4 ,the ,mayor4 ,his term of office is one year1 unless otherwise ordered by the1 charter1 as in ,new ,york and ,albany where it is two years4 ,q4 ,what other important officers are elected8 ,a4 ,aldermen and ,supervisors2 one each in every ward unless otherwise ordered by their charter4 ,q4 ,what officers form the common council8 ,a4 ,mayor and aldermen2 and they are the legislative body of the city2 they have authority to appoint police officers4 ,q4 ,what courts exist in cities in addition to those established for the ,state at large8 ,a ,i4 ,the ,superior ,court of the city of ,new ,york4 ,,ii4 ,the ,court of ,common ,pleas for the city and county of ,new ,york4 ,,iii4 ,the ,superior ,court of ,buffalo4 ,,iv4 ,the ,city ,court of ,brooklyn4 ,const1 ,art4 ,,vi41 ,sec4 #ab4 ,,juries4 ,q4 ,what is a jury8 ,a4 ,a body of men elected according to law1 and sworn to inquire into and try any matter of fact1 and declare the truth of it on the evidence given in the case4 ,q4 ,name some juries8 ,a4 ,i4 ,one of six persons for the trial of causes in a ,justice ,court ,,ii4 ,one of twelve persons1 summoned for the purpose of laying out new roads or discontinuing old ones4 ,,iii4 ,one of not less than six nor more than fifteen persons1 summoned by the coroner1 to inquire into the cause of any violent death4 ,,iv4 ,one of twelve men1 called a petit jury1 whose duty it is to try causes1 civil or criminal1 in the county court and sessions1 or circuit and oyer and terminer4 ,v4 ,one called a grand jury of not less than sixteen nor more than twenty-three1 whose duty it is to examine into accusations against persons charged with crime1 and if they find sufficient testimony to warrant it1 to find a bill of indictment against them to be presented to the court4 ,q4 ,name some qualifications requisite for jurors8 ,a4 ,they must be freeholders1 twenty-one years old4 ,q4 ,who are exempt from sitting on a jury8 ,a4 ,persons over sixty years of age1 postmasters and many others4 ,q4 ,how many are summoned for a justice court and by whom8 ,a4 ,twelve1 and by a constable2 and from these twelve six are drawn4 ,q4 ,who selects and notifies the jury for laying out roads1 ,a4 ,by the coroner4 ,q4 ,how is the petit jury list obtained8 ,a4 ,the supervisors1 town clerk1 and assessors of the several towns of the county make out a list of the names of those persons qualified1 and the names in the several lists are written upon slips of paper of the same size and deposited in a box in the county clerk's office4 ,q4 ,how is the grand jury list obtained8 ,a4 ,the supervisors apportion the number 7three hundred17 among the several towns in the county in proportion to population4 ,each supervisor selects from his town the number to which it is entitled2 and these several lists are written upon slips of paper as before and deposited in a box in the county clerk's office4 ,q4 ,how frequently are the lists changed8 ,a4 ,the petit jury list is changed once in three years2 the grand jury list every year4 ,q4 ,when are these juries drawn8 ,a4 ,not more than twenty1 nor less than fourteen days before the sitting of the court for which they are drawn4 ,q4 ,how many are drawn8 ,a4 ,thirty-six petit and twenty-four grand jurors4 ,q4 ,how is the jury for each individual case obtained8 ,a4 ,the thirty-six petit jurors' names are put into a box and the names are drawn out until twelve satisfactory persons are obtained4 ,q ,how many of this jury must agree in a verdict8 ,a4 ,the twelve must agree4 ,q4 ,who is the officer authorized to report the verdict8 ,a ,the person they have elected foreman4 ,q4 ,in case the twelve jurymen do not agree1 what will be done8 ,a4 ,when the judge is satisfied that the jury will not agree he will discharge them4 ,q4 ,what will be done with the case then8 ,a4 ,another trial will take place with a different jury1 unless the suit be discontinued4 ,q4 ,who is the presiding officer of the grand jury8 ,a4 ,the foreman1 and he is appointed by the judge who presides at that court4 ,q4 ,what other officer does this jury have8 ,a4 ,a clerk1 one of their number1 who writes out the testimony as it is given4 ,q4 ,who can be present with this jury8 ,a4 ,only the witness who is being examined1 and the district attorney1 if desired by the jury2 but none except jurors can be present when they ballot in regard to a bill4 ,q4 ,what is done with a bill of indictment when found8 ,a4 ,it is handed over to the court1 and the sheriff will cause the arrest of the person unless he be already in custody4 ,,struck ,,jury4 ,q4 ,what courts may order a struck jury8 ,a4 ,the ,supreme ,court and superior city courts4 ,q4 ,when may the above-named courts order a struck jury8 ,a4 ,when it shall appear that an impartial trial cannot be had1 or that the intricacy of the case requires such a jury4 ,q4 ,what time is required in the notice for striking a jury8 ,a4 ,the party obtaining the order shall give notice eight days before the time for striking1 that he will attend before the clerk of the county in which the venue is laid1 for the purpose of having such jury struck4 ,i4 ,the clerk shall select from the jury lists of the several towns the names of forty-eight persons1 whom he shall deem most indifferent between the parties1 and best qualified to try the cause4 ,,ii4 ,the party or his attorney1 on whose application the order was granted1 shall first strike one from the list1 and then the opposing party or agent1 alternating until twelve shall have been stricken from the list by each party4 ,,iii4 ,the clerk shall certify the names of the twenty-four persons whose names have not been stricken off1 who shall be summoned1 and from which number a jury shall be impaneled as in other juries4 ,,vii4--,,state4 ,q4 ,upon what is the state government based8 ,a4 ,upon a constitution adopted by the people4 ,q4 ,how many departments are provided for by the constitution8 ,a1 ,three2 the ,legislative1 ,executive1 and ,judicial4 ,q4 ,what are the divisions of the ,legislative department8 ,a4 ,the ,assembly and the ,senate4 ,q4 ,what is the number of members in each body1 and their term of office8 ,a4 ,one hundred and twenty-eight members of the ,assembly1 elected for one year4 ,thirty-two senators elected for two years4 ,art4 ,ill41 ,const4 ,q ,when1 and how is the number of members of the ,assembly apportioned among the several counties8 ,a4 ,once in ten years by the ,legislature immediately after taking the state census1 and as nearly as can be1 according to population1 excluding aliens1 but giving to every county except ,hamilton at least one member4 ,q4 ,when and how is the number of members of the ,senate apportioned in the ,state8 ,a4 ,at the same time1 by the ,legislature2 and as nearly as possible according to population4 ,a ,senatorial district sometimes embraces a portion of a county1 sometimes a whole county2 at other times two or more counties2 but no county can be divided1 unless it can be equitably entitled to two or more members4 ,the following apportionment was made in #ahgi3 ,,senate ,,districts4 ,i4 ,queens and ,suffolk4 ,,ii4 ,the ,first1 ,second1 ,fifth1 ,sixth1 ,eighth1 ,ninth1 ,tenth1 ,twelfth1 and ,twenty-second wards of ,brooklyn1 and the towns of ,flatbush1 ,gravesend1 and ,new ,utrecht4 ,,iii4 ,the ,third1 ,fourth1 ,seventh1 ,eleventh1 ,thirteenth1 ,nineteenth1 ,twentieth1 ,twenty-first1 and ,twenty-third wards of ,brooklyn4 ,,iv4 ,the ,fourteenth1 ,fifteenth1 ,sixteenth1 ,seventeenth1 ,twenty- fourth1 and ,twenty-fifth wards of ,brooklyn1 and ,new ,lots and ,flatlands4 ,v4 ,richmond1 ,first1 ,second1 ,third1 ,fifth1 ,sixth1 ,eighth1 ,fourteenth1 and parts of the ,fourth and ,ninth wards of ,new ,york1 and ,governor's1 ,bedloes1 and ,ellis ,islands4 ,,vi4 ,the ,seventh1 ,eleventh1 ,thirteenth1 and a part of the ,fourth wards of ,new ,york4 ,,vii4 ,the ,tenth1 ,seventeenth1 and portions of the ,fifteenth1 ,eighteenth1 and ,twenty-first wards of ,new ,york4 ,,viii4 ,the ,sixteenth1 and parts of the ,ninth1 ,fifteenth1 ,eighteenth1 and ,twentieth wards of ,new ,york4 ,,ix4 ,the ,eighteenth1 ,nineteenth1 and ,twenty-first wards1 lying east of ,third ,avenue1 ,new ,york1 and ,blackwell's ,island4 ,x4 ,portions of ,twentieth1 ,twenty-first1 ,nineteenth1 ,twelfth1 and ,twenty-second wards1 ,new ,york1 and ,ward's and ,randall's ,islands4 ,,xi4 ,the ,twenty-third1 ,twenty-fourth1 and portions of the ,twelfth1 ,twentieth1 and ,twenty-second wards of ,new ,york4 ,,xii4 ,westchester and ,rockland4 ,,xiii4 ,orange and ,sullivan4 ,,xiv4 ,ulster1 ,schoharie1 and ,greene4 ,,xv4 ,dutchess1 ,columbia1 and ,putnam4 ,,xvi4 ,rensselaer and ,washington4 ,,xvii4 ,albany4 ,,xviii4 ,saratoga1 ,fulton1 ,hamilton1 ,montgomery1 and ,schenectady4 ,,xix4 ,clinton1 ,essex1 and ,warren4 ,,xx4 ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,franklin1 and ,lewis4 ,,xxi4 ,oswego and ,jefferson4 ,,xxii4 ,oneida4 ,,xxiii4 ,madison1 ,otsego1 and ,herkimer4 ,,xxiv4 ,delaware1 ,chenango1 and ,broome4 ,,xxv4 ,onondaga and ,cortland4 ,,xxvi4 ,cayuga1 ,tompkins1 ,seneca1 and ,tioga4 ,,xxvii4 ,chemung1 ,steuben1 ,allegany4 ,,xxviii4 ,wayne1 ,ontario1 ,schuyler1 and ,yates4 ,,xxix4 ,monroe and ,orleans4 ,,xxx4 ,wyoming1 ,genesee1 ,livingston1 and ,niagara4 ,,xxxi4 ,erie4 ,,xxxii4 ,cattaraugus and ,chautauqua4 ,,the ,,assembly4 ,allegany1 ,broome1 ,chemung1 ,chenango1 ,clinton1 ,columbia1 ,cortland1 ,delaware1 ,essex1 ,franklin1 ,fulton and ,hamilton1 ,genesee1 ,greene1 ,herkimer1 ,lewis1 ,livingston1 ,madison1 ,montgomery1 ,ontario1 ,orleans1 ,putnam1 ,richmond1 ,rockland1 ,schenectady1 ,schoharie1 ,schuyler1 ,seneca1 ,suffolk1 ,sullivan1 ,tioga1 ,tompkins1 ,warren1 ,wyoming1 ,yates1 have each one district1 except ,fulton and ,hamilton which are united in one district4 ,cattaraugus1 ,cayuga1 ,chautauqua1 ,dutchess1 ,jefferson1 ,niagara1 ,orange1 ,oswego1 ,otsego1 ,queens1 ,saratoga1 ,steuben1 ,wayne1 ,washington have each two districts4 ,monroe1 ,oneida1 ,onondaga1 ,rensselaer1 ,st4 ,lawrence1 ,ulster1 and ,westchester have each three districts4 ,albany has four districts4 ,erie has five districts4 ,kings has twelve districts4 ,new ,york has twenty-four districts1 or nearly one-fifth of the entire ,assembly4 ,in all1 there are one hundred and twenty-eight assembly districts1 each electing one member of the assembly4 ,q4 ,what must be done in those counties that are entitled to two or more members8 ,a4 ,the boards of supervisors of such counties1 except the city and county of ,new ,york1 must divide their respective counties into ,assembly districts2 the number of districts being equal to the number of members heretofore apportioned by the ,legislature to these several counties2 the territory must be contiguous1 and no town can be divided in the formation of districts4 ,q4 ,by whom is the city and county of ,new ,york divided into districts8 ,a4 ,by the board of aldermen2 they meet for that purpose at such time as the ,legislature shall designate4 ,,eligibility4 ,q4 ,who are eligible to the ,legislature8 ,a4 ,the requirements are these4 ,i4 ,the candidate must be twenty-one years of age4 ,,ii4 ,he must not at the time of election1 nor within one-hundred days previous thereto1 have been a member of congress1 a civil or military officer under the ,united ,states1 or any officer under any city government4 ,,iii4 ,should any person after his election to the ,legislature be elected or appointed to any of the offices just named1 his acceptance thereof will vacate his seat in the ,legislature4 ,,duties4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the members of the assembly8 ,i4 ,to take the oath of office4 ,art4 ,,xii41 ,sec4 ,i ,const4 ,,ii4 ,to organize by electing their presiding officer1 who is called the speaker2 and who must be one of their number4 ,,iii4 ,to elect also the other officers1 viz3 a ,clerk1 ,sergeant-at- ,arms1 ,door-,keeper1 and two assistant ,door-,keepers2 persons not members of their body4 ,,iv4 ,to have co-ordinate jurisdiction with the ,senate in the enactment of laws4 ,v4 ,to prefer charges against officers for misconduct in office2 which is called impeachment4 ,,organization4 ,q4 ,who calls the ,assembly to order for the purpose of organization8 ,a4 ,the ,clerk of the last ,assembly4 ,q4 ,who furnishes the ,clerk with an official list of the members elect8 ,a4 ,the ,secretary of ,state ,q4 ,by whom is the oath of office administered8 ,a ,usually by the ,secretary of ,state4 ,the oath may1 however1 be taken previously1 before any ,justice of the ,supreme ,court1 ,attorney-,general1 the ,lieutenant ,governor1 any ,judge of a ,county ,court1 the ,mayor or ,recorder of any city1 or the ,clerk of any county or ,court of ,record4 ,the oath whenever taken must be duly subscribed1 certified1 and filed in the office of the ,secretary of ,state4 ,members who are absent at the organization1 may be sworn by the ,speaker1 if they have not previously taken the oath4 ,q4 ,by whom are the other officers appointed8 ,a4 ,by the ,speaker1 except those in the department of the ,clerk2 he having power to appoint his own deputies4 ,,the ,,senate4 ,q4 ,who is the presiding officer in the ,senate8 ,a4 ,the ,lieutenant-,governor1 and he is called the ,president of the ,senate4 ,,duties4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,state ,senate8 ,i4 ,to elect the remaining officers1 whose names and duties are about the same as in the ,assembly4 ,,ii4 ,to have co-ordinate jurisdiction with the ,assembly in enacting laws ,,iii4 ,to act as a court for the trial of impeachments1 associated with the judges of the ,court of ,appeals1 and the ,president of the ,senate4 ,,iv4 ,to confirm or reject appointments made by the ,governor4 ,v4 ,to elect a temporary president when the ,lieutenant-,governor shall not attend as president1 or shall be called to act as ,governor4 ,q4 ,how many members must be present in each house to do business8 ,a4 ,a majority1 which is called a quorum4 ,,bills4 ,q4 ,where may bills originate8 ,a4 ,any bill may originate in either house of the ,legislature4 ,q4 ,what is the difference between the ,legislature of this state and ,congress in this respect8 ,a4 ,in ,congress all bills for raising revenues ,,must originate in the ,house of ,representatives4 ,q4 ,what may either house do with bills originating in the other house8 ,a4 ,amend them2 but both houses must agree to the amendment or amendments1 before they can become a law4 ,q4 ,what is required in order that a bill may become a law8 ,i4 ,the assent of a majority of all the members elected to each branch of the ,legislature1 together with the approval of the ,governor2 ,,ii4 ,or if he disapproves of it1 that it be returned to the house in which it originated1 with his objections2 and1 after reconsideration1 if two-thirds of all the members elected to that house shall agree to pass the bill1 it shall be sent to the other house by which it shall likewise be re-considered1 and if two- thirds of all its members approve of it1 it shall become a law notwithstanding the objections of the ,governor4 ,,iii4 ,if any bill shall not be returned by the ,governor within ten days 7,sundays excepted7 after it shall have been presented to him1 it shall become a law in like manner as if he had signed it1 unless the ,legislature1 by adjourning1 shall prevent its returning2 in which case it shall not become a law without the signature of the ,governor4 ,,iv4 ,no bill shall become a law after the final adjournment of the ,legislature1 unless approved by the ,governor within thirty days after such adjournment4 ,,impeachment4 ,q4 ,what class of persons can be tried in the court of impeachment8 ,a4 ,public officers that have had charges preferred against them by the ,assembly4 ,q4 ,of whom is the court of impeachment composed8 ,a4 ,of the ,senators1 or a majority of them1 the ,judges of the ,court of ,appeals1 or a majority of them1 and the ,lieutenant-,governor2 and two-thirds of all present must concur in order to convict4 ,q4 ,when shall the ,lieutenant-,governor not act as a member of this court8 ,a4 ,when the ,governor is being tried4 ,he may be presumed to be an interested party1 for if the ,governor should be found guilty and be removed1 the ,lieutenant-,governor becomes ,governor4 ,q4 ,what penalty can be inflicted by this court8 ,a4 ,removal from office1 or removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor1 trust or profit1 under this state4 ,q4 ,can such parties be further punished8 ,a4 ,yes2 they may be indicted1 tried and punished according to law1 by fine or imprisonment1 or both1 according to the nature of the crime4 ,,voting4 ,q ,who are entitled to vote upon all questions in the ,legislature8 ,a4 ,all the members in the ,assembly and ,senate2 and this includes the ,speaker of the ,assembly4 ,q1 ,when is the ,president of the ,senate entitled to vote8 ,a4 ,upon questions on which the ,senate is equally divided or tied4 ,q4 ,why should not the ,president of the ,senate have a vote upon all questions8 ,a4 ,because he has not been elected a member of that body2 but becomes its presiding officer by virtue of the constitutional provision which makes the ,lieutenant-,governor its president4 ,,kinds ,,of ,,voting4 ,q4 ,name some of the kinds of voting practiced4 ,i4 ,by showing hands4 ,,ii4 ,by ,acclamation4 ,,iii4 ,by dividing or separating the persons voting into two bodies4 ,,iv4 ,by ,ballot4 ,v4 ,by ,ayes and ,noes4 ,,vi4 ,by ,viva ,voce4 ,q4 ,where are the first three kinds of voting usually practiced8 ,a4 ,in conventions of different kinds1 primary meetings1 ,q4 ,when and how is the sixth kind of voting used8 ,a4 ,in the election of ,united ,states ,senators1 usually the ,speaker of the ,assembly and a few other officers1 and in this way3 as the names of those entitled to vote are called1 they respond by naming their candidate4 ,,salary4 ,q4 ,how are ,assemblymen and ,senators paid8 ,i4 ,by a salary fixed by the constitution1 of one thousand five hundred dollars4 ,,ii4 ,and one dollar for every ten miles travelled in going to and returning from the place of meeting1 once in each session on the most usual route4 ,,iii4 ,senators when convened in extraordinary session1 or when serving as members of the ,court of ,impeachment1 and such members of the ,assembly1 not exceeding nine in number1 as shall be appointed managers of an impeachment1 shall receive ten dollars a day additional allowance4 ,,state4 ,a tabular view of officers1 showing the source from whence they derive their authority3 ,elected by the ,people of the ,state ,executive ,governor4 ,presiding ,officer ,lieut4 ,governor4 ,administrative ,secretary of ,state4 ,comptroller4 ,treasurer4 ,attorney ,general4 ,state ,engineer and ,surveyor4 ,judicial ,judges of the ,court of ,appeals4 ,appointed by ,governor and ,senate4 ,superintendent of ,banking4 ,superintendent of ,insurance4 ,canal ,auditor4 ,superintendent of ,prisons4 ,superintendent of ,public ,works4 ,notaries ,public4 ,state ,assessors4 ,loan ,commissioners4 ,canal ,appraisers4 ,quarantine ,commissioners4 ,trustees of ,state ,institutions1 and some others4 ,elected by joint bal4 ,superintendent of ,public ,instruction4 ,regents of the ,university4 ,united ,states ,senators4 ,q4 ,what are the first seven offices called8 ,a4 ,they are called elective offices4 ,q4 ,why elective8 ,a4 ,because the officers are voted for directly by the people4 ,q4 ,why are the ,sec of ,state1 ,comp41 ,treasurer1 ,supt4 of ,prisons and ,public ,works4 ,a large number of ,notaries1 two ,loan ,commissioners for each ,county1 three ,canal ,appraisers1 one ,superintendent of ,public ,instruction1 nineteen ,regents1 and two ,united ,states ,senators4 ,,term ,,of ,,office4 ,q ,for how long a term are the ,governor and ,lieutenant ,governor elected8 ,a4 ,for three years each4 ,q ,for how long a term are the ,sec of ,state1 ,comp1 ,treas1 ,atty4 ,gen4 and ,state ,eng4 and ,surveyor elected8 ,a4 ,for two years each4 ,q ,for how long a term are the ,superintendents of ,banking1 ,insurance and ,canal ,auditor appointed8 ,a4 ,for three years4 ,q4 ,for how long a term is the ,supt4 of ,prisons appointed8 ,a4 ,for five years4 ,q4 ,for how long a term is the ,superintendent of ,public ,works appointed8 ,a4 ,as long as the term of the ,governor appointing him lasts4 ,q4 ,for how long a term is the ,superintendent of ,public ,instruction elected8 ,a4 ,for three years4 ,q4 ,for how long a term the ,regents of the ,university8 ,a4 ,for life4 ,,eligibility4 ,q4 ,what about the eligibility of these officers8 ,a4 ,the ,governor and ,lieutenant ,governor must be thirty years of age1 and shall have been for the five years next preceding their election residents of the ,state4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,governor8 ,a4 ,he is commander-in-chief of all the military and naval forces of the ,state1 has power to convene the ,legislature 7or ,senate only7 on extraordinary occasions1 communicates by message to the ,legislature at every session the condition of the ,state1 and recommends such measures as he deems expedient1 transacts all necessary business with the officers of the government1 civil and military1 expedites all measures resolved upon by the ,legislature1 takes care that the laws are faithfully executed1 and has the power of granting reprieves1 commutations and pardons for crimes4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,lieutenant ,governor8 ,a4 ,he is ,president of the ,senate and has the casting vote therein1 is a member of the canal board1 is one of the commissioners of the ,land ,office1 is one of the commissioners of the ,canal ,fund1 is one of the trustees of the ,capitol1 is one of the trustees of the ,idiot ,asylum1 and1 ex-officio1 one of the ,regents of the ,university and member of the ,state ,board of ,charities4 ,if the ,governor dies1 resigns1 is impeached1 or otherwise becomes unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office1 they devolve upon the ,lieutenant ,governor for the residue of the term4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,secretary of ,state8 ,a4 ,he is the keeper of the record books and papers belonging to the ,state1 receives and records all pardons1 and other executive and legislative acts1 election returns1 etc41 furnishes certified and printed copies to the ,united ,states1 ,state and ,county officers1 and other persons authorized to receive the same1 supervises the printing of the laws passed each year1 reports annually to the ,legislature statistics of pauperism and crime1 and other information which it may call for4 ,he is a member of the ,canal ,board1 a commissioner of the ,land ,office1 a member of the ,board of ,state ,canvassers1 a ,regent of the ,university1 a trustee of the ,capitol1 of the ,state ,hall1 of the ,idiot ,asylum1 and of the ,board of ,state ,charities4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,comptroller8 ,a4 ,superintends and manages the fiscal concerns of the ,state1 reports to the ,legislature its annual revenues1 expenditures and estimates1 audits1 examines and settles accounts due to or from the ,state1 directs and superintends the collection of taxes and other moneys1 draws warrants on the ,treasurer for the payments of debts due by the ,state1 negotiates temporary loans1 if necessary to meet demands against the ,state1 countersigns and registers all ,treasurer's checks and receipts4 ,he is a member of the ,canal ,board1 a commissioner of the ,land ,office and of the ,canal ,fund1 a member of the ,board of ,state ,canvassers1 a trustee of the ,capitol1 the ,state ,hall and the ,idiot ,asylum1 and a member of the ,state ,board of ,charities4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,treasurer8 ,a4 ,he has charge of all the moneys paid into the ,state ,treasury1 pays drafts upon the warrants of the ,comptroller1 the ,auditor of the ,canal ,department and ,superintendent of the ,bank ,department1 and keeps the ,state's ,bank account4 ,he is commissioner of the ,land ,office1 and of the ,canal ,fund1 a member of the ,canal ,board1 and ,board of ,state ,canvassers4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,attorney ,general8 ,a4 ,he defends and prosecutes all suits in which the ,state is interested1 receives costs adjudged to the ,state1 prepares drafts of contracts1 etc1 for ,state officers1 and prosecutes in their behalf persons violating the laws in regard to their departments1 prosecutes criminals in the ,oyer and ,terminer when required by the ,governor or ,justices of the ,supreme ,court4 ,he is commissioner of the ,land ,office and of the ,canal ,fund1 a member of the ,canal ,board1 the ,board of ,state ,canvassers1 the ,board of ,state ,charities and a trustee of the ,capitol and ,state ,hall4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,state ,engineer and ,surveyor8 ,a4 ,he prescribes the duties of1 and assigns divisions of canals to engineers1 visits and inspects canals1 prescribes surveys1 maps1 plans1 estimates1 etc41 in the construction and improvement of a canal1 is a member of the ,canal ,board1 of ,state ,canvassers1 a commissioner of the ,land ,office and a trustee of the ,state ,hall4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,superintendent of ,banking8 ,a4 ,he has the general supervision of the banks of the ,state1 and reports their condition annually to the ,legislature1 issues circulating notes to banks on their depositing securities1 holding their stocks and mortgage securities1 and when a bank proves insolvent sells them and redeems its circulation4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,superintendent of ,insurance8 ,a4 ,he has the general supervision of all insurance companies transacting business in the ,state1 and1 reports their condition annually to the ,legislature4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,canal ,auditor8 ,a4 ,he draws warrants on the ,treasurer for all canal payments1 audits all canal accounts1 instructs canal collectors and disbursing officers1 keeps account of canal receipts and expenditures1 etc1 is ex-officio secretary of the ,canal ,board and of the ,commissioners of the ,canal ,fund4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,superintendent of ,prisons8 ,a4 ,he has general supervision of the prisons1 appoints the keepers and other officers therein4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,superintendent of ,public ,works8 ,a4 ,he has charge of the ,public ,works1 of the construction of new canals1 the certificate of the proper local authorities1 and he visits and inquires into the condition and management of these institutions2 is chairman of the committee of the ,state ,normal ,schools1 and apportions among the counties the number of pupils which each is entitled2 has charge of the ,indian1 schools2 he is1 ex-officio1 a ,regent of the ,university2 compiles the commissioners' abstracts of school districts in the ,state setting forth their condition and the account of receipts and expenses for each year1 and makes an annual report to the ,legislature4 ,q4 ,of what officers is the ,canal ,board composed8 ,a4 ,the ,lieutenant ,governor1 ,secretary of ,state1 ,comptroller1 ,treasurer1 ,attorney ,general1 ,state ,engineer and ,surveyor1 and ,canal ,superintendent4 ,,salaries4 ,governor #aj1jjj ,lieutenant ,governor #e1jjj ,secretary of ,state #e1jjj ,comptroller #f1jjj ,treasurer #e1jjj ,state ,engineer and ,surveyor #e1jjj ,superintendent of ,banking #e1jjj ,superintendent of ,insurance #g1jjj ,canal ,auditor #e1jjj ,superintendent of ,prisons #f1jjj ,superintendent of ,public ,works #f1jjj ,canal ,appraisers #e1jjj ,superintendent of ,public ,instruc'n1 #e1jjj ,q4 ,who are the ,state ,canvassers8 ,a4 ,secretary of ,state1 ,comptroller1 ,treasurer1 ,attorney ,general and ,state ,engineer and ,surveyor4 ,q4 ,who are the ,regents at the present time1 ,january #a1 #ahha1 and when elected8 ,the ,governor1 ex-officio4 ,the ,lieutenant-,governor1 ex-offixo4 ,the ,secretary of ,state1 ex-officio4 ,the ,superintendent of ,public ,instruction1 ex officio4 #ahef4 ,george ,w4 ,clinton 4444444 ,buffalo4 #aheh4 ,lorenzo ,burrows 444444444 ,albion4 #ahei4 ,robert ,s4 ,hale 44444 ,elizabethtown4 #ahfa4 ,elias ,w4 ,leavenworth 4444 ,syracuse4 #ahfa4 ,j4 ,carson ,brevoort 444444 ,brooklyn4 #ahfd4 ,geo4 ,wm4 ,curtis1 ,w4 ,new ,brighton4 #ahgj4 ,francis ,kernan 4444444444 ,utica4 #ahga4 ,john ,l4 ,lewis 44444444444 ,penn ,yan4 #ahgb4 ,henry ,r4 ,pierson 44444444 ,albany4 #ahgc4 ,martin ,i4 ,townsend 4444444444 ,troy4 #ahgd4 ,anson ,j4 ,upson 44444444444 ,auburn4 #ahgf4 ,wm4 ,l4 ,bostwick 444444444 ,ithaca4 #ahgg4 ,orris ,h4 ,warren 4444444 ,syracuse4 #ahgg4 ,chauncey ,m4 ,depew 444444 ,new ,york4 #ahgg4 ,charles ,e4 ,fitch 4444444 ,rochester4 #ahgh4 ,whitelaw ,reid 44444444 ,new ,york4 #ahgh4 ,leslie ,w4 ,russell 4444444 ,canton4 #ahha4 ,wm4 ,h4 ,watson 4444444444444 ,utica4 #ahha4 ,henry ,e4 ,turner 444444444 ,lowville4 ,,officers ,,of ,,the ,,board4 ,henry ,r4 ,pierson1 ,chancellor4 ,george ,w4 ,clinton1 ,vice-,chancellor4 ,david ,murray1 ,secretary4 ,daniel ,j4 ,pratt1 ,assistant ,secretary4 ,,ix4--,,judiciary4 ,a tabular view of the judiciary of the ,state1 commencing with the lowest courts and showing them in their regular order1 leaving out such as are established for particular localities4 ,i4 ,justice ,court ,,ii4 ,county ,court4 #a4 ,county ,court #b4 ,sessions4 ,,iii4 ,supreme #a4 ,circuit4 #b4 ,oyer and ,terminer4 #c4 ,special ,term4 #d4 ,general ,term4 ,,iv4 ,court of ,appeals4 ,,justice ,,court4 ,q4 ,what is the lowest court in the ,state8 ,a4 ,a ,justice's ,court1 held in each town by one of the justices of the ,peace4 ,q4 ,what jurisdiction has this court8 ,a4 ,original2 that is1 suits can be commenced in it1 and tried in it4 ,q4 ,in a civil action how large a judgment can be obtained8 ,a4 ,not to exceed two hundred dollars4 ,q4 ,can criminal suits be tried in a ,justice ,court8 ,a4 ,some can be tried in it2 but usually the parties give bail for their appearance at a higher court to await the action of the ,grand ,jury4 ,,county ,,court4 ,q4 ,what is the next higher court8 ,a4 ,the ,county ,court4 ,q4 ,what are the divisions of the ,county ,court8 ,a4 ,county ,court and ,court of ,sessions4 ,q4 ,for what causes are each designed8 ,a4 ,the ,county ,court is for the trial of civil causes1 the ,sessions for the trial of criminal causes1 but not of the higher crimes4 ,q4 ,what jurisdiction has the ,county ,court8 ,a4 ,original and ,appellate1 that is a suit may be commenced in it1 or it may be appealed from a lower court4 ,q4 ,what jurisdiction has the ,court of ,sessions8 ,a4 ,original2 no person can be tried in it1 who is charged with a crime until he is indicted by a ,grand ,jury4 ,q4 ,who presides in the ,county ,court8 ,a4 ,the ,county ,judge4 ,q4 ,who presides in the ,court of ,sessions8 ,a4 ,the ,county ,judge and the two ,justices of ,sessions4 ,q4 ,can both of the ,courts be held during the same term8 ,a4 ,they can2 as soon as a cause has been tried in one court the ,judge may change to the other1 and should it be the ,sessions1 the ,justices of ,sessions must be on the bench with the ,judge2 should it be the ,county ,court1 he alone is the court4 ,q4 ,what jury decides causes tried either in the ,sessions or ,county ,court8 ,a4 ,the ,petit ,jury1 consisting of twelve men4 ,,supreme ,,court4 ,q4 ,what is the next higher court8 ,a4 ,the ,supreme ,court4 ,q4 ,what are its divisions8 ,a4 ,the ,circuit1 ,oyer and ,terminer1 ,special ,term and ,general ,term4 ,q4 ,for judicial convenience1 the ,state has been divided into districts1 and how many8 ,a4 ,into eight judicial districts1 numbered from one to eight1 inclusive4 ,q4 ,what are the officers called in this court8 ,a4 ,justices of the ,supreme ,court4 ,q4 ,how many are elected in each district8 ,a4 ,five each in the first and second districts1 and four each in the other six4 ,q4 ,how many ,supreme ,court ,justices in the ,state8 ,a4 ,thirty-four4 ,q4 ,for how long a term are these ,justices elected8 ,a4 ,for fourteen years4 ,salary1 #f1jjj1 and an annual allowance for expenses4 ,q4 ,what constitutional provision in regard to eligibility8 ,a4 ,they cannot hold the office longer than the last day of ,december next after they shall be seventy years of age4 ,q4 ,what are some of their duties8 ,a4 ,to preside and try causes in the ,circuit1 ,oyer and ,terminer1 and also hear appeals in the ,special ,term1 and when appointed ,judges of the ,general ,term to hear and decide appeals there4 ,,special ,,term4 ,q4 ,what is a ,special ,term8 ,a4 ,a court held by one of the ,supreme ,court ,judges in the district simply for hearing and deciding motions and appeals4 ,,general ,,term4 ,q4 ,what is a ,general ,term ,court2 and how many are there in the ,state8 ,a4 ,it is a court for hearing appeals1 and consists of a single district1 or a union of several districts2 and there are four in the ,state1 organized by an act of the ,legislature4 ,q4 ,what is the territory embraced in the jurisdiction of a ,general ,term called8 ,a4 ,it is usually called a ,department1 and numbered ,first1 ,second1 ,third and ,fourth4 ,the following table will give a view of ,departments1 ,districts and ,counties in the ,state3 ,i4 ,dep4 consists of ,i4 ,dist4 ,city and ,co4 of ,n4 ,york4 ,,ii4 ,dep4 consists of ,,ii4 ,dist4 ,richmond1 ,kings1 ,queens1 ,suffolk1 ,westchester1 ,putnam1 ,dutchess1 ,orange and ,rockland ,counties4 ,,iii4 ,dep4 consists of ,,iii4 ,dist4 ,columbia1 ,rensselaer1 ,sullivan1 ,ulster1 ,albany1 ,greene and ,schoharie ,counties4 ,,iv4 ,dist4 ,warren1 ,saratoga1 ,st4 ,lawr'nce1 ,washington1 ,essex1 ,franklin1 ,clinton1 ,montgom'ry1 ,hamilton1 ,fulton and ,schenectady ,counties4 ,,vi4 ,dist4 ,otsego1 ,delaware1 ,madison1 ,chenango1 ,tompkins1 ,broome1 ,chemung1 ,schuyler1 ,tioga and ,cortland ,counties4 ,,iv4 ,dep4 consists of ,v4 ,dist4 ,onondaga1 ,jefferson1 ,oneida1 ,oswego1 ,herkimer and ,lewis ,counties4 ,,vii4 ,dist4 ,livingston1 ,ontario1 ,wayne1 ,yates1 ,steuben1 ,seneca1 ,cayuga and ,monroe ,counties4 ,,viii4 ,dist4 ,erie1 ,chautauqua1 ,cattaraugus1 ,orleans1 ,niagara1 ,genesee1 ,allegany and ,wyoming ,counties4 ,q4 ,how many counties in each of the districts8 ,a4 ,one county in the ,first1 nine in the ,second1 seven in the ,third1 eleven in the ,fourth1 six in the ,fifth1 ten in the ,sixth1 eight in the ,seventh1 eight in the ,eighth district4 ,q4 ,how many counties in each of the departments8 ,a4 ,one in the ,first1 nine in the ,second1 twenty-eight in the ,third1 and twenty-two in the ,fourth4 ,q4 ,how many ,justices constitute the ,general ,term ,court1 or the court held in and for the department8 ,a4 ,three in each ,department4 ,q4 ,where do these ,justices come from8 ,a4 ,they are appointed by the ,governor from the ,supreme ,court ,justices that have been previously elected by the people4 ,q4 ,must these ,justices be taken from their respective departments8 ,a4 ,not necessarily2 they may be transferred from another department2 as for instance1 a ,justice from ,buffalo in the ,fourth ,department has been transferred to the ,first ,department4 ,q4 ,how many ,supreme ,court ,justices are elected in the territory known as the ,first ,department8 ,a4 ,five4 ,q4 ,how many ,supreme ,court ,justices are elected in the district known as the ,second ,department8 ,a4 ,five4 ,q4 ,how many ,supreme ,court ,justices are elected in the districts known as the ,third ,department8 ,a4 ,twelve4 ,q4 ,how many ,supreme ,court ,justices are elected in the districts known as the ,fourth ,department8 ,a4 ,twelve4 ,,court ,,of ,,appeals4 ,q4 ,of what does the ,court of ,appeals ,consist8 ,a4 ,of seven ,judges1 elected by the electors of the whole ,state for a term of fourteen years2 one of their number is called a ,chief ,judge1 the others are called ,associate ,judges2 they cannot hold the office after they are seventy years old4 ,q4 ,what jurisdiction has this court8 ,a4 ,appellate4 ,q4 ,state how appeals may be taken from one court to another8 ,a4 ,the party aggrieved may appeal from a ,justice ,court to a ,county ,court2 from ,county or ,supreme ,courts to ,special ,term2 from ,special ,term to ,general ,term2 from ,general ,term to ,court ,of ,appeals4 ,q4 ,what may these ,courts do8 ,a4 ,they may affirm decisions made by lower courts1 or reverse decisions1 or grant new trials4 ,the salary of the ,chief ,judge of the ,court of ,appeals is #g1ejj2 of his ,associates1 #g1jjj4 ,,illustration4 ,q4 ,in what court must a person charged with the crime of murder be tried8 ,a4 ,in the ,oyer and ,terminer1 or in some court having the same jurisdiction4 ,q4 ,what privilege has the prisoner if convicted8 ,a4 ,he has the right to appeal to the ,justice holding a special term1 asking for a new trial4 ,q4 ,should this ,justice refuse to grant it1 what further can he do8 ,a4 ,appeal to the ,general ,term4 ,q4 ,it the ,general ,term refuse1 what then8 ,a4 ,it can be taken to the ,court of ,appeals4 ,q4 ,if the ,court of ,appeals refuse to grant a new trial1 what then8 ,a4 ,the decision of the ,oyer and ,terminer must be carried out unless the ,governor interferes4 ,q4 ,in case the penalty is death and the day for execution has passed1 what then8 ,a4 ,the prisoner must be re-sentenced by the judge that presided at the trial4 ,q4 ,in case either of the ,appellate ,courts grants a new trial1 what is to be done8 ,a4 ,the cause will be tried in the same court1 or1 in one having the same jurisdiction1 but before a different jury4 ,q4 ,how are civil causes managed on appeal8 ,a4 ,in the same way1 only that the court may affirm or reverse decisions as well as grant new trials4 ,a ,,few ,,comparisons ,,between ,,the ,,state ,,and ,,national ,,governments4 ,q4 ,name one similarity between the ,state and ,national governments8 ,a4 ,each has three divisions1 the ,legislative1 ,executive and ,judiciary4 ,q4 ,name a similarity in the ,legislative department8 ,a4 ,each has two branches4 ,in the ,state they are called ,assembly and ,senate2 in the ,national government they are called ,house of ,representatives and ,senate4 ,the ,assembly and ,house of ,representatives each elect their own speaker2 the ,state ,senate is presided over by the ,lieutenant ,governor4 ,the ,national ,senate is presided over by the ,vice-,president4 ,q4 ,what is the number of members in each at the present time8 ,a4 ,in the ,assembly there are one hundred and twenty-eight1 in the ,house of ,representatives two hundred and ninety-three1 in the ,state ,senate thirty-two1 in the ,national ,senate seventy-six4 ,q4 ,how do their terms of office compare8 ,a4 ,the members of the ,assembly are elected for one year1 of the ,house of ,representatives for two years1 of the ,state ,senate for two years1 of the ,national ,senate for six years4 ,,judiciary4 ,q4 ,in what respect are the ,state ,courts and ,national ,courts similar8 ,a4 ,each has a ,supreme and ,circuit court4 ,q4 ,what are the names applied to ,united ,states ,courts8 ,a4 ,the ,constitution of the ,united ,states calls them ,inferior ,courts1 and one ,supreme ,court4 ,a ,,tabular ,,view ,,of ,,united ,,states ,,courts4 ,i4 ,inferior #a4 ,district ,courts4 #b4 ,circuit ,courts4 ,,ii4 ,supreme4 ,q4 ,how many ,district ,courts are there at present8 ,a4 ,sixty-five2 fifty-six of them being in the ,states1 and nine of them in the ,territories4 ,q4 ,what is the largest number of districts into which any ,state is divided8 ,a4 ,three2 ,alabama1 ,new ,york and ,tennessee have three districts each2 ,ark41 ,fla41 ,ill41 ,mich41 ,miss41 ,mo41 ,n4 ,c41 ,ohio1 ,penn1 ,texas1 ,va4 and ,wis4 have two districts each1 and the remaining ,states and ,territories one each4 ,q4 ,what officers in the ,district ,court8 ,a4 ,one ,district ,judge1 a ,district ,attorney1 ,assistant ,district ,attorneys1 a ,marshal1 a ,clerk1 and a large number of ,deputy ,marshals2 and also ,registers in ,bankruptcy4 ,q4 ,what jurisdiction has a ,district ,court8 ,a4 ,original jurisdiction4 ,q ,what are the salaries of the ,district ,judges8 ,a4 ,four thousand dollars each4 ,q4 ,what does the territory of several districts constitute8 ,a4 ,a ,circuit4 ,q4 ,how many ,circuits are there8 ,a4 ,nine1 each presided over by a ,circuit ,judge2 and their names are as follows3 #a4 ,circuit consisting of ,maine1 ,n4 ,h1 ,mass41 ,r4 ,i4 ,john ,sowell1 ,judge4 #b4 ,circuit consisting of ,conn41 ,vt4 and ,n4 ,y4 ,samuel ,j4 ,blatchford1 ,judge4 #c4 ,circuit consisting of ,penn41 ,n4 ,j4 and ,del4 ,wm4 ,mc,kennan1 ,judge4 #d4 ,circuit consisting of ,n4 ,c41 ,s4 ,c41 ,md4 and ,va4 ,hugh ,l4 ,bond1 ,judge4 #e4 ,circuit consisting of ,miss41 ,la41 ,ala41 ,fla41 ,ga4 and ,texas4 ,william ,b4 ,woods1 ,judge4 #f4 ,circuit consisting of ,ohio1 ,mich41 ,ky41 ,tenn4 and ,w4 ,va4 ,john ,baxter1 ,judge4 #g4 ,circuit consisting of ,ind41 ,ill4 and ,wis4 ,thomas ,drummond1 ,judge4 #h4 ,circuit consisting of ,minn1 ,iowa1 ,mo41 ,ark41 ,kan4 and ,nebraska4 ,george ,w4 ,mc,crary1 ,judge4 #i4 ,circuit consisting of ,cal41 ,oregon1 ,nevada and ,colorado4 ,lorenzo ,sawyer1 ,judge4 ,q4 ,what jurisdiction has the ,circuit ,court8 ,a4 ,original4 ,salary of the ,judges1 #f1jjj4 ,,supreme ,,court4 ,q4 ,what territory is embraced in the jurisdiction of the ,supreme ,court8 ,a4 ,the whole of the ,united ,states4 ,q4 ,how many judges constitute the ,supreme ,court8 ,a4 ,nine2 corresponding with the number of the ,circuits4 ,q4 ,what are the names of the ,supreme ,judges4 ,,chief ,,justice4 ,morrison ,r4 ,waite 444 appointed #ahgd ,,associate ,,justices4 ,nathan ,clifford 444 appointed #aheh ,noah ,h4 ,swayne 444 appointed #ahfb ,john ,m4 ,harlan 444 appointed #ahgg ,samuel ,f4 ,miller 444 appointed #ahfb ,stephen ,j4 ,field 444 appointed #ahfc ,wiliam ,strong 444 appointed #ahgj ,joseph ,p4 ,bradley 444 appointed #ahgj ,ward ,hunt 444 appointed #ahgb ,q4 ,when does the ,supreme ,court meet8 ,a4 ,the first ,monday in ,december1 at ,washington4 ,q4 ,what is its jurisdiction8 ,a4 ,principally ,appellate2 it has ,original jurisdiction in a few cases1 as mentioned in ,constitution4 ,q4 ,by whom are all these judges appointed8 ,a4 ,by the ,president and ,senate4 ,q4 ,what is the salary of the ,supreme ,court ,judges8 ,a4 ,the ,chief ,justice receives ten thousand five hundred dollars4 ,associates receive ten thousand dollars4 ,q4 ,for how long a term are all these judges appointed8 ,a4 ,they hold the office for life1 or during good behavior1 or until they resign4 ,election of a ,president and ,vice-,president of the ,united ,states4 ,,election ,,of ,a ,,president ,,and ,,vice-,,president ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,q4 ,under how many heads may this topic be treated8 ,a4 ,two3 the first being the manner pursued by the political parties for nominating candidates2 the second1 the constitutional provisions for electing them4 ,preliminary action of political parties4 ,i4 ,calling of a ,national ,convention4 ,,ii4 ,calling of ,state ,conventions4 ,,iii4 ,calling of ,county or ,assembly ,district ,conventions4 ,,iv4 ,calling of ,town ,caucuses4 ,q4 ,by whom is the ,national ,convention called8 ,a4 ,by a ,national ,committee appointed at the last ,national ,convention1 or the one held four years before4 ,q4 ,by whom is the ,state ,convention called8 ,a4 ,by a ,state ,committee1 appointed at the ,state ,convention held the year before4 ,q4 ,by whom is the ,county or ,assembly ,district ,convention called8 ,a4 ,by a ,county or ,district ,committee1 appointed at a previous convention4 ,q4 ,by whom is a ,town ,caucus called8 ,a4 ,by a ,town ,committee1 appointed at a previous meeting4 ,q4 ,which meeting is held first8 ,a4 ,the ,town ,caucus1 and delegates are elected at this meeting to attend a ,county or ,assembly ,district ,convention1 ,q4 ,which ,convention is held next8 ,a4 ,the ,county or ,assembly ,district ,convention1 which elects delegates to attend the ,state ,convention4 ,q4 ,which ,convention is held next8 ,a4 ,the ,state ,convention1 which elects delegates to attend the ,national ,convention4 ,q4 ,what ,convention is held next8 ,a4 ,the ,national ,convention4 ,the delegates then and there assembled nominate candidates for the offices of ,president and ,vice- ,president2 and adopt their political platform4 ,q4 ,when do these conventions just named take place8 ,a4 ,once in four years1 in the months of ,april1 ,may and ,june1 preceding the presidential election4 ,further actions by political parties4 ,i4 ,state ,convention for nominating the ,electors for ,president and ,vice-,president4 ,,ii4 ,voting for these ,electors at the annual election4 ,q4 ,when does the ,state ,convention for nominating the ,electors meet8 ,a4 ,at a time when it is convenient to nominate ,state officers3 for instance1 ,august or ,september4 ,q4 ,to how many ,electors is each ,state entitled8 ,a4 ,as many as it has ,representatives and ,senators4 ,for instance1 ,new ,york has thirty-three ,representatives in the ,house1 and two ,senators2 therefore ,new ,york is entitled to thirty-five electoral votes4 ,colorado has one ,representative1 and two ,senators1 and is entitled to three electoral votes4 ,q4 ,how are these ,electors distributed about the ,state8 ,a4 ,one ,elector is elected for each ,congressional ,district2 the two others are called ,electors at ,large1 and are selected from any part of the ,state4 ,q4 ,what must each political party do that it may get its candidates before the people8 ,a4 ,it must have its conventions and nominate the required number of ,electors4 ,q4 ,what are these ,electors intended to represent8 ,a4 ,the views of the party nominating them4 ,o4 ,how frequently1 and when is a ,presidential election held8 ,a4 ,once in four years1 on the ,tuesday following the first ,monday in ,november1 throughout all the ,states4 ,q4 ,what must each voter do1 in the ,state of ,new ,york1 that he may cast a ballot for ,president and ,vice-,president8 ,a4 ,he must hand to the inspectors of election a ballot upon1 which is printed the names of the thirty-five ,electors4 ,q4 ,by whom are these votes to be canvassed 7or counted78 ,a4 ,by the same officers that canvass other votes4 ,in ,new ,york ,state the inspectors of election canvass for their respective election districts1 and certify the same to the ,board of ,county ,canvassers2 the ,county ,canvassers canvass for counties1 and certify to the ,state ,canvassers2 the ,state ,canvassers canvass for the ,state2 and the ,executive authority of each ,state causes three lists of the ,electors of such ,state to be made and certified and delivered to the said ,electors1 on or before the first ,wednesday in ,december4 ,,meeting ,,of ,,presidential ,,electors4 ,q4 ,what must the ,electors that have been declared elected then do8 ,a4 ,i4 ,they must meet on the first ,wednesday in ,december succeeding their election1 at such place in each ,state as the ,legislature thereof shall designate 7usually the capital71 and vote for ,president and ,vice-,president1 one of whom shall not be an inhabitant of the same ,state with themselves4 ,,ii4 ,the ,electors must make and sign three certificates of all the votes by them given for ,president and ,vice-,president1 annexing to each a certificate of the ,electors furnished by the authority of the ,executive4 ,,iii4 ,these certificates must be sealed1 certifying1 on the outside of each1 that there is contained therein a list of the votes of such ,state for ,president and ,vice-,president4 ,,iv4 ,a person duly appointed by the ,electors1 or a majority of them1 must take charge of and deliver one of these certificates to the ,president of the ,senate1 at the seat of government ,v4 ,the second certificate must be forwarded through the mails to the ,president of the ,senate1 at the seat of government4 ,,vi4 ,the third certificate must be delivered to the ,judge of the ,district ,court in which the electors assemble4 ,,opening ,,and ,,counting ,,the ,,electoral ,,votes4 ,q4 ,when and by whom must these certificates be opened8 ,a4 ,on the second ,wednesday in ,february the ,president of the ,senate1 in the presence of the ,senate and ,house of ,representatives1 must open these certificates1 and the votes must then be counted4 ,the person having the greatest number of votes1 if that number be a majority1 shall be the ,president2 and the person having the greatest number of votes for ,vice-,president1 if that number be a majority1 shall be the ,vice-,president ,q4 ,who must count the votes8 ,a4 ,tellers appointed for that purpose by the ,house and ,senate4 ,q4 ,in case neither candidate for the presidency has a majority of all the electoral votes cast1 what must be done8 ,a4 ,the election goes to the ,house of ,representatives4 ,,election ,,by ,,the ,,house ,,of ,,representatives4 ,q4 ,how does this election take place8 ,a4 ,i4 ,two-thirds of the ,states must be represented to constitute a quorum4 ,,ii4 ,the candidates must be those already voted for1 and must be confined to those receiving the highest number1 not exceeding three4 ,,iii4 ,each ,state is entitled to only one vote3 and it will be cast according to the wishes of a majority of the members in the ,house from that ,state4 ,if1 for instance1 a ,state has fifteen members1 eight belonging to one party and seven to another2 the eight1 being a majority1 will1 if agreed1 cast the one vote1 the minority having no voice in the election4 ,should there be an even number of members from any ,state1 and should they be equally divided between two candidates1 there might be one-half of a vote for each candidate4 ,q1 ,in case of a failure on the part of the ,house of ,representatives to elect a ,president before the fourth of ,march1 what then8 ,a4 ,the ,vice-,president must act as ,president4 ,,election ,,of ,,vice-,,president ,,by ,,the ,,senate4 ,q4 ,can the ,senate ever elect a ,vice-,president8 ,a4 ,yes1 when the people have failed to elect a ,vice-,president1 then the ,senate must elect4 ,q4 ,how is this done8 ,a4 ,i4 ,two-thirds of all the ,senators constitute a quorum4 ,,ii4 ,the ,senate must vote for the two persons who received the highest number of votes for ,vice-,president4 ,,iii4 ,a majority of all the members elected to the ,senate is necessary to a choice4 ,,iv4 ,should there be a tie in the ,senate1 the ,vice-,president may give the casting vote4 ,v4 ,should the ,vice-,president have succeeded to the presidency1 or have vacated his office1 and the ,president pro tem1 7a ,senator71 preside1 in that case there might be a tie1 and no election reached4 ,,the ,,president ,,pro ,,tem4 ,q4 ,what are the provisions for filling temporarily the office of ,president1 when vacant8 ,a4 ,i4 ,in case of the removal1 death1 resignation1 or inability1 of both the ,president and ,vice-,president of the ,united ,states1 the ,president of the ,senate pro tem41 and in case there be no ,president of the ,senate1 then the ,speaker of the ,house of ,representatives shall act as ,president of the ,united ,states for the time1 until the disability be removed1 or a ,president be elected4 ,,ii4 ,in case of a vacancy in both the offices for ,president and ,vice-,president1 the ,secretary of ,state of the ,united ,states1 shall notify the ,governors of all the ,states1 and cause the same to be printed in at least one newspaper in each ,state1 ordering an election for electors of ,president and ,vice-,president3 ,,provided there shall be a space of two months between the ordering of the same and the first ,wednesday in ,december following4 ,,the ,,electoral ,,college4 ,i4 ,the term ,electoral ,college means the presidential ,electors when assembled as a body to cast the vote for ,president and ,vice- ,president ,,ii4 ,each ,state may provide by law for the filling of any vacancy which may exist in its college of electors1 when such college meets to cast its electoral vote4 ,,eligibility4 ,i4 ,no person shall hold the office1 either of ,president or ,vice- ,president1 except native born citizens1 or those who were in this country at the time of the adoption of the ,constitution4 ,,ii4 ,the candidate must have been a resident of the ,united ,states for fourteen years4 ,,iii4 ,he must be at the time of his election thirty-five years of age4 ,,duties4 ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,president8 ,a4 ,i4 ,he is ,commander in ,chief of the ,army and ,navy of the ,united ,states4 ,,ii4 ,and of the ,militia of the several ,states when called into the actual service of the ,united ,states4 ,,iii4 ,he has power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the ,united ,states1 except in cases of impeachment4 ,,iv4 ,he has power to make treaties when two-thirds of the ,senate present concur4 ,v4 ,he nominates1 and1 by and with the consent of the ,senate of the ,united ,states1 appoints ,ambassadors1 ,public ,ministers1 ,consuls1 ,judges of the ,united ,states ,courts1 and all other ,united ,states officers not otherwise provided for4 ,,vi4 ,he may fill all vacancies that happen during recess of the ,senate1 by granting commissions that expire at the close of the next session4 ,,vii4 ,he must from time to time give to ,congress information in regard to the condition of affairs in the ,united ,states1 and recommend such measures as he deems expedient4 ,for further duties1 see ,constitution of the ,united ,states1 ,art4 ,,ii4 ,,vice-,,president4 ,i4 ,the ,vice-,president is ,president of the ,united ,states ,senate1 and has a vote only in case of a tie4 ,,ii4 ,in case he succeeds to the presidency1 then he performs the duties of the ,president1 and the ,president pro tem4 7a ,senator7 performs the duties of ,vice-,president and ,senator4 ,,salaries4 ,footnote3 ,the ,president's salary cannot be increased or diminished during his term of office4 ,the ,president receives #ej1jjj4 ,the ,vice-,president receives #h1jjj4 ,a tabular view showing how some ,united ,states officers get their authority1 and from whom4 ,from the people4 ,i4 ,electors #a4 ,president4 #b4 ,vice-,president4 ,members of the ,house of ,rep's4 ,president sometimes4 ,footnote3 ,in #ahja1 and #ahbe4 ,who8 ,from the ,state ,legislatures ,u4 ,s4 ,senators ,v4 ,president sometimes4 ,footnote3 ,richard ,m4 ,johnson was elected ,vice-,president by the ,senate in #ahcg4 ,this is1 thus far1 the only instance4 ,appointed by the ,president and confirmed by the ,senate4 ,president's ,cabinet consisting of3 #a4 ,sec4 of ,state4 #b4 ,sec4 of ,treasury4 #c4 ,sec4 of ,war4 #d4 ,sec4 of ,navy4 #e4 ,sec4 of ,interior4 #f4 ,postmaster ,gen4 #g4 ,attorney ,gen4 ,governors of territories4 ,ambassadors4 ,ministers to foreign countries4 ,consuls4 ,judges of the ,u4 ,s4 ,supreme ,court4 ,judges of the ,u4 ,s4 ,circuit ,courts4 ,judges of the ,district ,courts4 ,postmasters4 ,and many other officers4 ,q4 ,what class of officers in the ,state performs nearly the same duties as the ,cabinet officers in the ,nation8 ,a4 ,those classed as ,administrative1 on page #ee2 in the ,state they are elected by the people2 in the ,nation they are appointed by the ,president4 ,,duties ,q4 ,what are some of the duties of the ,cabinet officers8 ,a4 ,i4 ,,the ,,secretary ,,of ,,state1 at the head1 of the ,state ,department1 preserves the public archives1 records1 laws1 arguments and treaties1 and supervises their publication2 conducts all business and correspondence arising out of foreign relations1 makes out and records passports1 commissions1 etc4 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,secretary ,,of ,,the ,,treasury1 at the head of the ,treasury ,department1 receives and has charge of all moneys paid into the ,united ,states ,treasury1 has general supervision of the fiscal transactions of the ,government1 the collection of revenue1 the auditing and payment of accounts and other disbursements2 supervises the execution of the laws relating to ,commerce and ,navigation1 the ,revenues and ,currency1 the ,coast ,survey1 the ,mint and ,coinage1 the ,lighthouse ,establishments1 ,custom ,houses1 etc4 ,,iii4 ,,the ,,secretary ,,of ,,war1 at the ,war ,department1 has charge of business growing out of military affairs1 keeps the records of the army1 issues commissions1 directs the government of troops1 superintends their payment1 stores1 clothing1 arms1 equipments and ordnance1 constructs fortifications and conducts works of military engineering1 river and harbor improvements4 ,,iv4 ,,the ,,secretary ,,of ,,the ,,navy1 at the head of the ,navy ,department1 has charge of the ,naval establishments and all business connected therewith1 issues ,naval commissions1 instructions and orders1 supervises the enlistment and discharge of seamen1 the construction of ,navy ,yards and ,docks1 the construction and equipment of vessels1 ,coast ,surveys1 etc4 ,v4 ,,the ,,secretary ,,of ,,the ,,interior1 at the head of the ,department of the ,interior1 has charge of the survey1 management1 sales and grants of ,public ,lands1 the examination of ,pension and ,bounty ,land claims1 the management of ,indian affairs1 the award of ,patents1 the distribution of ,seeds and ,plants1 the taking of ,censuses1 the management of ,government mines1 etc4 ,the ,bureau of ,education is a branch of this department4 ,,vi4 ,,the ,,postmaster ,,general1 at the head of the ,post-office ,department1 has charge of the ,postal ,system1 the establishment and discontinuance of ,post-offices1 the appointment of ,agents1 the contracts for carrying the mails1 etc4 ,,vii4 ,,the ,,attorney ,,general1 at the head of the ,department of ,justice1 is the legal adviser of the ,president and members of the ,cabinet1 examines titles1 applications for pardons and judicial and legal appointments1 conducts and argues suits in which the ,government is concerned1 etc4 ,q4 ,name the present ,cabinet officers4 ,,ambassadors1 ,,ministers ,,and ,,consuls4 ,q4 ,what is an ,ambassador8 ,a4 ,an ,ambassador is a minister of the highest rank1 appointed to represent the interests of a country at the court1 or seat of government of some other country4 ,q4 ,what is a ,minister ,plenipotentiary8 ,a4 ,a ,minister ,plenipotentiary is an ,ambassador or ,envoy1 invested with full powers to negotiate a treaty1 or do some other special business1 without being a permanent resident of such country4 ,under such circumstances1 he is called ,ambassador extraordinary4 ,q4 ,what is a ,consul8 ,a4 ,a person commissioned to reside in a foreign country as an agent or representative of a government1 to protect the rights1 commerce1 merchants and seamen of the country1 and to aid in commercial1 and sometimes in diplomatic transactions1 with such foreign country2 he is sometimes called ,ambassador or ,minister ,,ordinary4 ,,salaries4 ,q4 ,what are the salaries of the ,cabinet officers8 ,a4 ,each member receives eight thousand dollars a year4 ,q4 ,what are the salaries of ,senators1 and ,representatives in ,congress8 ,a4 ,each receives an annual salary of five thousand dollars a year1 and an allowance of twenty cents per mile for travel in going to and returning from ,washington4 ,q4 ,name a few of the highest salaries paid ,ambassadors1 ,ministers and ,consuls4 ,to ,london1 ,to ,paris1 ,to ,berlin1 ,to ,st4 ,petersburgh1 #ag1ejj each4 ,to ,vienna1 ,to ,madrid1 ,to ,pekin1 ,to ,rome1 ,to ,yeddo1 ,to ,mexico1 ,to ,rio ,janerio1 #ab1jjj each4