,,bohemian ,,grammar ,,jaroslav ,,victor ,,nigrin1 ,a4 ,m4 ,,harrison ,,technical ,,high ,,school1 ,,chicago4 ,illustration ,,bohemian ,,literary ,,society4 ,,chicago4 ,illustration ,copyright1 #aiah1 by the ,slavie ,publishing ,co41 ,chicago1 ,ill4 8,slavie0 ,publishing ,company #dfe #bedd ,s4 ,millard ,ave41 ,chicago4 ,to ,,charles ,r4 ,,crane a true and enlightened friend of the ,slavs this work is dedicated ,j4 ,v4 ,n4 ,chicago1 ,july #ad1 #aiag ,,preface4 ,in preparing the present work it has been my aim to present to ,english speaking people a practical text book of the ,bohemian language written along modern lines1 explaining the grammatical principles and supplying enough exercises to illustrate them4 ,as far as ,i am aware there are only two other books published on the same subject in ,english3--,chas4 ,jon 8,bohemian ,made ,easy0 a book based on conversational method and ,grammar of the ,bohemian language by ,w4 ,morfill1 a very brief work destined for philologists rather than general students4 ,as ,jon's book is out of print1 and1 as there is quite a demand for a practical text book of ,bohemian among businessmen and students--,bohemian is at present taught at several ,universities and ,high ,schools in the ,united ,states--this work was undertaken4 ,the basis of this work was 8,mluvnice esk0 by ,dr4 ,jan ,gebauer1 this being the standard ,bohemian ,grammar sanctioned by the university of ,prague4 ,my task was to arrange1 to present the facts of the language given by ,gebauer in such a way as to make its study most easy1 practical and palatable4 ,to accomplish this aim ,i have used my own experience and also followed suggestions given in various methods employed in the teaching of modern languages1 in order that the book may be of assistance not only in a class-room but also in private instruction4 ,it is perhaps needless to point out that the first part1 dealing with phonetics is very important1 because1 if the student obtains a correct pronunciation at the very outset1 he will have made considerable progress in understanding and making himself understood4 ,it is further recommended that the oral exercises be really practised orally--eventually by the entire class in unity4 ,learn the language by ear and eye6 ,to the exercises from ,bohemian into ,english very soon are added small articles1 fables1 stories and poems1 which bring the student in touch with the living language and not only with prepared grammatical examples4 ,it is certainly an easier and a surer way to learn correct ,bohemian by reading and hearing as much as possible of good ,bohemian than by making translation from ,english into ,bohemian4 ,therefore1 the exercises given in ,bohemian are more numerous than those in ,english4 ,repetition makes mastery1 and ,i did not hesitate to repeat a point that seemed to me to be important and the student ought to return again and again to such sections which are more difficult and also more important4 ,bohemian is a highly inflected language and presents a great variety of forms4 ,i tried to simplify the study of this multitude by systematizing1 by linking and uniting similar forms and by gradually introducing the question of declension and verb forms4 ,the part dealing with idiomatic expressions and syntax is not as complete because ,i had not enough material on hand4 ,this present work is to a certain degree a pioneer work and as such has had its difficulties that could not be mastered in a comparatively short time and with insufficient material4 ,the book was written during the ,great ,war1 when it was impossible to obtain the aid of authorities in ,bohemia4 ,however1 ,i wish to express my indebtedness to the following works consulted in my present work3 ,rdce sprvn etiny3 ,peter ,zenkl2 kola eskho jazyka1 ha1 ,heyduk1 besides the already mentioned works of ,gebauer1 ,morfill and ,jon4 ,i wish also to thank most sincerely the following kind helpers3 my colleague ,boh4 ,kral1 ,mr4 ,josef ,mach1 ,dr4 ,j4 ,e4 ,s4 ,vojan and ,miss ,marie ,novak who helped in the compiling of the dictionary and especially ,miss ,katherine ,kiely for painstaking revision and help in proof-reading4 ,i hope1 that the included paper by ,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,nykl1 on the 8,slav ,nations and their languages0 will help to awaken interest in ,slavic philology4 ,it will also show that by studying ,bohemian--a language of #aj1jjj1jjj people--of whom about a million are living in the ,united ,states1 we are really getting in touch with a race of almost #aej million souls1 a race that is comparatively youthful on the horizon of the history of mankind and undoubtedly a race with a bright future4 ,i sincerely hope that this present work will help to foster the study of ,bohemian and that it will awaken interest in the literature and culture of my native land4 ,chicago1 ,august #ah1 #aiag4 ,jaroslav ,victor ,nigrin4 ,,slav ,,nations ,,and ,,their ,,languages4 ,by ,a4 ,r4 ,nykl4 ,the ,slavs belong to the ,aryan or ,indo-,european group of races4 ,as the original dwelling place of the ,slav race the majority of savants designate the territory between the ,carpathians and the ,baltic ,sea1 along the rivers ,elbe1 ,vistula and ,dnieper4 ,it is generally assumed that during the great migration of nations in the course of the first centuries after ,christ1 various ,slavonic tribes have left their original common home and migrated ,west and ,south1 forming several separate groups1 which in the course of time have developed characteristic religious1 climatic and linguistic idiosynsrasies4 ,this theory is considered the most plausible historically1 though it is not quite corroborated by archeological research4 ,the ,,name ,,slavs 7,slovne7 has been differently interpreted as being derived from 8slavn0 7glorious7 or 8slovo0 7word1 speech1 sermon74 ,it is assumed that the ,slavs called themselves so1 because they could understand each other1 while they called their neighbors1 the ,germans1 whose speech was unintelligible to them 8,nmtsy0 7n-umtsy71 i4 e4 people who were unable to speak intelligently4 ,another theory is that the appellation ,slovne was first adopted by a ,slav tribe living in the vicinity of ,saloniki1 which had been converted to ,christianity by the ,sts4 ,cyrill and ,methodius1 and1 having at the same time learned the use of writing1 wished to be known as a more educated people1 in contradistinction from other1 still illiterate1 tribes4 ,their language has been preserved in the ,orthodox church liturgy and is called the ,old ,slavonic4 ,as ,christianity1 and with it the use of writing1 gradually spread among the other ,slav tribes1 the distinctive name ,slovne was also adopted by them1 and finally became synonymous of the whole race4 ,originally the whole territory ,east of the river ,elbe1 part of ,western ,saxony1 ,bohemia1 ,moravia1 ,hungary and ,illyria were inhabited by ,slavs4 ,from their settlements on the ,elbe the ,slavs were gradually driven ,east by the ,germans1 in ,hungary they were driven from the plains into the mountains1 i4 e4 the ,carpathians1 ,tatra1 the ,alps and the ,carso4 ,in the ,balkan peninsula they were hemmed in by the ,greeks and later by the ,turks4 ,in ,russia they were several times overrun by ,asiatic races4 ,they stubbornly held their ground as guardians of ,europe against ,asiatic domination1 particularly so their ,eastern and ,southern groups4 ,these constant struggles have somewhat retarded their intellectual and economic development1 but their latent strength will surely bring them to the position they should rightfully occupy in the world's history4 ,according to their present dwellings the ,slavs can be divided into three groups3 ,i4 ,,northwestern1 comprising the ,bohemians 7,czechs71 ,slovaks1 ,lusatian ,serbs 7,wends71 ,poles and ,kashubes4 ,,ii4 ,,eastern1 comprising ,russians1 i4 e4 ,great ,russians1 ,little ,russians 7,ruthenians1 ,ugro-,russians7 and ,white ,russians4 ,,iii4 ,,southern1 comprising the ,slovenes1 ,serbo-,croatians and ,bulgarians4 ,,the ,,numerical ,,strength of the ,slav nations is variously estimated between #adj and #aej millions1 distributed approximately as follows3 ,czechs and ,slovaks #aj1jjj1jjj ,lusatian ,serbs #ahj1jjj ,poles and ,kashubes #bj1abe1jjj ,russians and ,white ,russians #ff1cjj1jjj ,little ,russians #cj1jjj1jjj ,serbo-,croatians #i1baj1jjj ,slovenes #a1dej1jjj ,bulgarians #d1hej1jjj ,,the ,,mutual ,,resemblance of the ,slavonic languages is very great1 especially in syntax and grammatical structure4 ,if a ,bohemian1 for example1 learns ,russian thoroughly1 he can understand and translate the remaining ,slavonic languages with a considerable degree of accuracy4 ,one may best judge of the similarity of the ,slavonic languages by comparing the following examples1 which are the translation of the first four verses of the ,lord's ,prayer3 ,bohemian 7,czech73 ,ote n1 kter jsi v nebesch1 posv se jmno tv4 ,pij krlovstv tv2 bu vle tv1 jako v nebi tak i na zemi4 ,old ,slavonic3 ,ote na1 ie jesi na nbesch6 da svjatitsja imja tvoj1 da priidt carstvie tvoj3 da bdt vlja tvoj1 jako na nebesi i na zemi4 ,bulgarian3 ,tatko ny kojto si v nebe-to1 neka da se svjati ime-to tvoje2 da dojde carstvo-to tvoje2 da bude volja-ta tvoja kakto na nebe-to1 taka i na zemja-ta4 ,serbo-,croatian3 ,oe na koji je si na nebesima1 da se sveti ime tvoje2 da dodje carstvo tvoje2 da bude volja tvoja1 i na zemlji kao na nebu4 ,slovene3 ,oe na1 ki si v nebesih1 posveeno bodi ime tvoje4 ,pridi kraljevstvo tvoje4 ,zgodi se volja tvoja1 kakor v nebesih1 tako na zemlji4 ,lusatian ,serbian3 ,wte na1 ki sy w njebjesach2 swjeene bud twoje mjeno2 pind k nam twoje kralestwo2 twoja wola so sta ka na njebju1 tak te na zemi4 ,polish3 ,ojcze nasz1 ktry jest w niebie1 wie sie imie twoje1 przyjd krlestwo twoje1 bad wola twoja jako w niebie tak i na ziemi4 ,little ,russian3 ,ote na o na nebi6 ,nechaj svjatitsja imja tvoje4 ,nechaj priide carstvo tvoje4 ,nechaj bude volja tvoja jak na nebi1 tak i na zemlj4 ,russian3 ,otc na kotorj jesi na nbesach2 da svjatisja imja tvojo1 da priot crstvo tvojo1 da bude volja tvoja kak na nbesach i na zemli4 ,,writing3 ,the invention of the oldest ,slavonic writing1 the glagolitsa1 is generally attributed to the two apostles1 ,cyrill and ,methodius1 but it seems that this writing had already been in use prior to their advent4 ,it is derived from the old ,greek alphabet1 to which new letters1 representing sounds unknown to ,greek1 such as t1 1 1 1 jer1 jery1 ja1 were added4 ,from the rather unwieldy letters of the glagolitsa the more mobile kyrillitsa has been evolved1 which is now used in the ,russian-,orthodox church books4 ,the modern ,russian alphabet1 the gradanka1 is a simplified form of kyrillitsa1 and was first introduced by ,peter the ,great of ,russia4 ,it is used by all ,orthodox ,slavs3 the ,russians and ,little ,russians1 the ,bulgarians and ,serbs4 ,those of the ,slavonic tribes who came under the influence of the ,roman-,catholic church1 i4 e4 ,czechs1 ,slovaks1 ,lusatian ,serbs1 ,slovenes1 ,croatians and ,poles1 have adopted the ,latin alphabet4 ,a ,,brief ,,outline ,,of ,,the ,,slavonic ,,languages4 ,,old ,,slavonic1 also called ,church ,slavonic1 was originally spoken in the vicinity of ,saloniki1 and was the first literary language of the ,slavs4 ,the old ,bulgarian language is the one most closely related to it4 ,its structure and vocabulary are used as a basis for comparative philology4 ,,bohemian 7,czech7 and ,,slovak have been treated in detail in the foregoing pages4 ,,bulgarian is spoken by a race of ,ugro-,finnish origin1 which emigrated from ,northern ,russia to the ,balkans and adopted the language of the ,slav tribes whom it conquered4 ,its main characteristic is the use of definite article at the end of nouns1 cf4 car-at1 zemja-ta1 nebe-to4 ,its older literature contains many fine examples of ,slav poesy4 7,there are three principal dialects spoken in ,bulgaria3 the ,danubian1 the ,thracian and the ,macedonian1 which form the bridge between the ,russian on the one side and the ,serbo-,croatian on the other47 ,,serbo-,,croatian is spoken in ,serbia1 ,croatia-,slavonia1 ,montenegro1 ,bosnia and ,herzegovina1 ,dalmatia1 ,adriatic islands and ,southern ,hungary 7,bacska1 ,sirmia and ,banat74 7,there are four principal dialects3 akavtina1 tokavtina1 kajkavtina and cvrlitina47 ,the only difference between the ,serbs and the ,croats is that the former are chiefly ,orthodox and partly ,mohammedan and use the ,russian alphabet1 while the latter are mostly ,roman-,catholics and use the ,latin alphabet4 ,the greatest literary treasure of this language constitute the national epics 7narodne pjesme71 in which the national heroes1 who fell in the fateful battle of ,kosovo ,polje4 ,the chief characteristic of this language is that it is spelt entirely phonetically4 ,,slovene is spoken in ,southern ,styria1 ,carinthia1 ,carniola1 ,istria1 ,gorizia1 ,trieste and in several districts near ,udine in ,italy4 ,it is very much akin to the ,serbo-,croatian and shows but slight differences in syntax and composition4 ,,wend or ,,lusatian ,,serbian is spoken in some districts of the ,upper and ,lower ,lusatia and forms a bridge between the ,bohemian and ,polish4 ,the center of this tribe1 now entirely surrounded by the ,germans1 is the town of ,bautzen 7,budyn74 ,,polish is next to ,slovak the most akin to ,bohemian4 ,various sounds1 which in ,bohemian are rendered by diacritical marks1 such as 1 1 1 are represented by sz1 rz1 cz in ,polish4 ,a difference is also made between the soft and hard l1 as in ,russian4 ,the language has also preserved the old ,slavonic nasal sounds 7on7 and 7en74 ,a glorious national history and splendid literature are the heritage of the ,polish nation1 and the language is well worth the study4 ,the ,,kashube is a dialect spoken in ,pomerania1 near ,danzig1 by about #bjj4jjj souls4 ,the ,kashubes1 however1 mostly consider themselves ,poles4 ,,little ,,russian1 also called ,ruthenian or ,ukrainian1 is spoken in ,eastern ,galicia1 in the ,carpathians from ,uzhorod to ,munkcs1 ,northern ,bukowina1 and ,southern ,russia1 along the ,black ,sea and the rivers ,dniester1 ,dnieper and ,don4 ,it is rich in national poesy1 and1 like the ,serbo-,croatian1 has preserved some of the purest characteristics of the ,slav race4 ,it constitutes a bridge between the ,polish and the ,russian1 being to a certain extent a mixture of the two languages4 ,it chiefly differs from the ,russian in the pronunciation of jery1 ja1 e1 o1 and u1 cf4 dilo 7,russ4 djelo71 buv 7,russ4 byl71 dovg 7,russ4 dolg71 ridny 7,russ4 rodnoj71 ve 7,russ4 ue71 usjaki 7,russ4 vsjaki74 ,,russian1 also called ,great ,russian1 is the official language of the ,russian ,empire4 ,it is the most important of all the ,slavonic languages and every ,bohemian ought to learn it1 especially in view of the great facility with which he can acquire it as compared with non-,slavonic nationalities4 ,by learning it one acquires at the same time the key to all other ,slavonic languages1 so that one can learn any one of them in less than six months4 ,the grammatical forms and syntax in ,russian are purer and more elaborate than in any other ,slavonic tongue4 ,the knowledge of ,russian opens one the door to an immense literature1 whose beauties have thus far found only a very fragmentary interpretation in ,america4 ,bohemians in ,america ought to devote special attention to the learning of ,russian language and affairs1 because ,russia has a great future before her1 and the friendliest relations should be cultivated between her and the ,united ,states4 ,among the extinct ,slavonic languages a special mention deserves the ,polabian1 which was spoken by the ,slav tribes who lived on the river ,elbe1 i4 e4 ,vagri in ,lauenburg and ,holstein1 ,bodrici in ,mecklenburg1 and ,lutici 7,veleti7 in ,brandenburg1 as far back as the latter part of the #ahth century4 ,,part ,i4--,d,l ,i4 ,,phonetics--,,hl,,skoslov4 ,the ,bohemian ,alphabet--esk ,abeceda4 ,a4 ,the ,alphabet4 ,the ,bohemian alphabet--abeceda--7called after the first four letters a1 b1 c1 d7 consists of #ci letters--psmen4 ,to these letters correspond individual sounds--hlsky--which go to make up the ,bohemian words4 ,the ,bohemian language is very nearly phonetic1 that is1 for each sound there is a letter or1 in other words1 the spelling of words agrees with the pronounciation4 ,these sounds are divided into3 vowels--samohlsky--2 and consonants--souhlsky4 ,b4 ,the ,vowels--,samohlsky4 ,the vowels are the word building sounds4 ,every vowel 7and every consonant7 has only one1 unchanging pronunciation4 ,the vowels are3 a like final a in ,america1 e like e in pen1 o like o in obey1 u like u in pull1 y was formerly pronounced hard 7as u in ,french1 or ue in ,german71 but it softened and is now almost equal to i4 ,long and short vowels4--,dlouh a krtk samohlsky4 ,the vowels a1 e1 i1 o1 u1 y as given above are called short--krtk1--and their pronounciation is short4 ,but the same vowels occur long--dlouh and then they are marked with the long sign--rka and are pronounced long4 ,dlouh samohlsky3 1 1 1 1 1 ,c4 ,consonants4--,souhlsky4 ,most of the consonants in ,bohemian have the same sound as in ,english4 ,these will be taken up first4 ,the following consonants have the same pronounciation in ,bohemian as in ,english3 b1 d1 f1 h1 l1 m1 p1 r1 t1 v1 z4 ,the letter s is always pronounced as the s in side2 never like s in nose 7sound z74 ,the ,accent--,pzvuk4 ,in ,bohemian the accent falls upon the first syllable4 ,if the word contains many syllables a secondary and weaker accent falls upon the odd syllables 7that is upon the third or fifth74 ,since the accent is regular there is no need of marking it4 ,note4--,differentiate between the long syllable and the accented one6 ,examples3 ,voda 7water74 ,here both syllables are short1 the first one is accented2 pt 7the fifth72 here both syllables are long1 the first one is accented4 ,kmen 7the stone72 here the first syllable is long and is accented2 mal 7small72 here the first syllable is short but accented1 the second is long and unaccented4 ,the accent is the stress of the voice1 while the long syllable refers merely to the prolongation in sounding4 ,the beginner is advised to pronounce the long syllables markedly long just for the sake of practice4 ,,grammar4 ,,verbs4 mm1 ,i have2 m1 has2 mme1 we have2 znm1 ,i know2 zn1 knows2 znme1 we know2 volm1 ,i call2 vol1 calls2 volme1 we call4 ,the negative form of the verb is formed by simple prefixing--ne--to the verb4 ,examples3 neznm--,i don't know2 nemme--we have not etc4 ,,nouns4 ,we begin with the nouns of the first declension4 ,they end in a consonant in the nominative singular4 ,in the objective 7accusative7 case they add -a2 in the objective plural they replace -a by -y4 ,examples3 bratr--brother1 objective sing4 bratra1 object4 plural bratry4 syn--son2 object4 sing4 syna1 object4 plural syny4 pn--gentleman1 object4 sing4 pna1 object4 plural pny4 ptk--bird1 objective sing4 ptka1 object4 plural ptky4 sedlk--a farmer1 object4 sing4 sedlka1 object4 plural sedlky4 hoch--a boy1 object4 sing4 hocha1 object4 plural hochy4 ,article4--,there is no article1 definite or indefinite in ,bohemian4 ,use of the cases4--,the subject of a sentence is in the nominative case 7the case that names the person or thing74 ,the object of the verb is in the objective case4 ,pn vol hocha4--,the gentleman calls the boy4 ,who 7kdo7 calls8 ,the gentleman calls4--,pn vol4 ,the gentleman is the subject of the sentence and is in the nominative case4 ,whom 7koho7 does the gentleman call8 ,the gentleman calls the boy4--,pn vol hocha4 ,the boy is the object of the verb calls and is in the objective case4 ,since ,bohemian is a highly inflected language1 it is of extreme importance to become acquainted early with the case forms and their meanings4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,mm bratra4 ,mme bratry4 ,znm ptka4 ,volme sedlky4 ,bratr vol hocha4 ,sedlk m syna4 ,pn vol bratra4 ,sedlk nezn pna4 ,hoch nem ptka4 ,bratr nevol hocha4 ,neznm pna4 ,nevolm sedlka4 7,the article and auxiliary do1 does1 are not translated74 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,the farmer knows the gentleman4 ,we have a brother4 ,the gentleman has a bird4 ,the farmer doesn't know the boy4 ,we know the farmer4 ,the gentleman doesn't call the boys4 ,the farmer has sons4 ,the brother knows the boys4 ,i know the boy4 ,i don't know the gentleman4 ,,lesson ,,ii4 ,,loha ,,ii4 ,phonetics4--,hlskoslov4 ,consonants having different pronounciation in ,bohemian than in ,english4 c pronounced like ts1 noc the night1 cel whole4 j pronounced like y in you1 j ,i1 vojk the soldier4 ch pronounced like kh 7more exactly like ,german ch1 machen7--chud1 poor4 ,consonants with the hook marks4--,souhlsky s hky4 ,when the ,latin script was adopted for the ,bohemian language there were not enough letters for some of the ,bohemian sounds4 ,in the early times groups of letters were used to denote such sounds4 ,the long vowels were marked by doubling4 ,ex4 ,pn was written paan1 the present letter 7equal to our sh in shoe7 was written ss1 sh1 or sch4 ,in the ,,xv4 century the ,bohemian reformer ,john ,hus advanced a spelling reform by devising simple marks over kindred ,latin letters to represent such sounds as had no ,latin equivalents4 ,at the present hooks are used to mark these peculiar consonants4 1 like z in seizure1 k1 pupil2--uitek1 use4 1 like sh in shoe1 koile1 shirt2--ko1 a basket4 1 like ch in church1 ern1 black2--oi1 eyes4 1 like ty 7y like in you71 koata1 kittens2--uk1 knocks4 1 like dy 7y like in you71 lo1 ship4 1 like n in onion1 la1 roe2--k1 horse4 1 something like rsh1 koen1 root2--ho1 burns4 ,it is impossible to indicate the exact pronounciation of the letters 1 and 4 ,the best way to learn their pronunciation is by imitating the native ,bohemians4 ,the following phonetical description of the more difficult sounds will be perhaps helpful4 1 1 are palatal dentals4 ,they are formed when the tip of the tongue is close to the conjunction of the palate and front teeth4 1 1 are palatal sibilants1 the position of the tongue is in the middle of the mouth1 the teeth are almost closed and hissing sounds are formed4 1 the tongue as in the preceding section1 but the tip is slightly raised and it trills when is pronounced4 h1 ch1 gutturals1 are formed in the throat4 di1 ti1 ni4 ,syllables di1 ti1 ni are pronounced as if written i1 i1 i1 leaving out the 8v0 hook is an exception in writing4 ,distinguish carefully in writing and speaking the syllables di1 ti1 ni1 from dy1 ty1 ny4 ,this is very important6 ,examples3--zvony1 bells2 zvon1 rings2 u vody1 by the water2 vod1 leads2 let1 flies2 tety1 aunts2 noviny1 newspaper2 nic1 nothing2 ticho1 silence2 boty1 boots2 vdy1 always2 divadlo1 theater4 ,verbs4 ,slovka4 ,jsem1 ,i am1 ,jsme1 we are1 jsi1 thou art1 jste1 you are1 on jest 7abbreviated je71 he is1 ona jest 7je71 she is1 m1 thou hast1 mte1 you have1 zn1 thou knowst1 znte1 you know1 vol1 thou calls1 volte1 you call4 ,the second person singular jsi1 m1 vol etc4 corresponds to our3 thou art1 thou hast1 thou callest etc4 ,these forms1 however1 are obsolete in ,english and therefore the ,bohemian forms ought to be translated by you are1 you have1 you call etc4 ,in ,bohemian the singular forms jsi1 m1 etc4 are used in a familiar way1 in talking to intimate friends1 to children1 or among the members of the family4 ,the plural forms1 jste1 mte etc4 are the polite forms to be used by the stranger4 ,,nouns4 bratr1 brother1 brati1 brothers2 pn1 gentleman1 pni1 gentlemen2 ptk1 bird1 ptci1 birds2 sedlk1 farmer1 sedlci1 farmers2 hoch1 boy1 hoi1 boys2 k1 pupil1 ci1 pupils2 vojk1 soldier1 vojci1 soldiers2 holub1 pigeon1 holubi1 pigeons4 ,nominative plural of the nouns of the first declension3 ,the nominative plural of the nouns of the first declension ends in -i4 ,zde1 here2 doma1 home4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,jsem k4 ,jsme ci4 ,nejsem vojk4 ,nejsme vojci4 k m bratra4 ci maj bratry4 ,vojk vol sedlka4 ,sedlk jest zde4 ,nejsem sedlk1 jsem k4 ,bratr jest doma4 ,hoi jsou doma4 ,hoch m holuba4 ,volme pny4 ,vol pna4 ,mte holuby4 ,jste zde4 ,neznme hochy4 ,ona jest doma4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,i am here4 ,the boy is home4 ,the farmer has a pigeon4 ,the farmers have pigeons4 ,you don't know the gentleman4 ,the soldier has a brother4 ,we are soldiers4 ,the gentleman has a son4 ,you call the boy4 ,we know the gentleman4 ,the birds are here4 ,she is home4 ,he is here4 ,reading exercise4 ,given to practice the pronunciation4 ,,lev ,a ,,my4 ,lev spal4 ,mal myka mu skoila na zda4 ,lev se probudil a chytil my do svch drp4 ,ulekan my prosila lva3 ,pus mne1 odplatm se ti jednou4 ,lev se dal do smchu1 e mu mal myka slibuje odplatu1 ale pustil ji na svobodu4 ,za rok lovci chytili lva a pivzali ke stromu provazem4 ,myka uslyela van lva1 pila1 pehryzla provaz a pravila3 ,vid1 sml jsi se1 e bych ti nemohla pomoci1 ale te vid1 e i mal myka me mnoho vykonati4 ,,lesson ,,iii4 ,,loha ,,iii4 ,phonetics4--,hlskoslov4 ,hard and soft consonants4--,mkk a tvrd souhlsky4--,i and ,y4 ,the two vowels i1 and y differ slightly in pronounciation1 see ,lesson ,i4 ,i is called mkk i 7soft i71 y is called tvrd y4 ,the distinction between these two letters is very important4 h1 ch1 k1 d1 t1 n1 r are called tvrd souhlsky--hard consonants and they are followed by y or 4 1 1 1 c1 1 1 1 1 j1 are called mkk souhlsky--soft consonants and are followed by i1 or 4 ,memorize each set of the consonants and keep well in mind the fundamental distinction between them4 ou is the only diphthong in ,bohemian4 ,it is pronounced as o in low4 ,koule1 a ball2 louka1 a meadow4 1 4 ,if the long u occurs at the beginning of the words the simple long mark is used2 kol1 lesson2 ter1 ,tuesday4 ,if the long u occurs in the middle or at the end of the words a little circle mark is used to denote the length1 re1 rose2 dol1 down2 ke1 leather4 ,where we have at present the old ,bohemian had 1 bh o4 ,b4 7bh71 stl o4 ,b4 7stl71 table etc4 called and formerly written ie1 pronounce iye4 e is the only vowel taking the hook mark4 occurs in the following syllables3 m 7mye71 msto1 city1 umti1 to know4 b 7bye71 bhm1 ,i run1 obd1 dinner4 v 7vye71 vda1 science1 vci1 things4 p 7pye71 pt1 five1 pna1 foam4 f 7fye71 frtoch1 an apron4 ,syllables d1 t1 n are pronounced as if written e1 e1 e4 ,both di1 ti1 ni and d1 t1 n1 are exceptional modes of writing4 ,distinguish carefully between3 d1 t1 n1 and de1 te1 ne2 m1 b1 p1 v1 f1 and me1 be1 pe1 ve1 fe4 ,vedeme1 tebe1 tlo1 umn1 nco1 vci1 nedlej1 pst1 ledy1 tr1 udice1 utk1 nyn1 u vany1 von4 ,,grammar4 ,present indicative of verb slyeti--to hear4 ,slym1 ,i hear1 slyme1 we hear1 sly1 you hear1 slyte1 you hear1 sly1 he hears1 sly1 they hear4 ,there is no progressive form of the verb in ,bohemian1 therefore slym can also be translated by ,i am hearing2 volme1 we are calling etc4 ,the following verbs are conjugated in the same way as slym4 ,the first person only is given3 vidm1 ,i see2 nosm1 ,i carry2 chodm1 ,i walk2 mluvm1 ,i speak2 chvlm1 ,i praise4 bratra1 of the brother2--bratr1 of the brothers4 ,the possessive case of the nouns of the first declension ends in -a in the singular and in - in the plural4 ,the first three cases of pn4 ,singular ,plural ,nominative pn1 the gentleman1 pni1 the gentlemen1 objective pna1 the gentleman1 pny1 the gentlemen1 possessive pna1 of the gentleman1 pn1 of the gentlemen4 ,the nouns of the first declension are all of the masculine gender4 ,they are divided into two sections1 the first denoting animate things only1 the other denoting inanimate beings4 ,the second section1 that of the inanimate nouns is declined as follows3 ,singular ,plural ,nominative strom1 the tree1 stromy1 the trees1 objective strom1 the tree1 stromy1 the trees1 possessive stromu1 of the tree1 strom1 of the trees4 ,as we have seen we do not need to use the personal pronouns with the ,bohemian verb to indicate person and number4 ,the endings of the verb show that with sufficient clearness4 ,the interrogative form is denoted by the question mark in writing and proper accentuation in speaking1 e4 g4 ,volte bratra4 ,you call the brother4 ,positive statement4 ,volte bratra8 ,do you call the brother8 ,question4 ,nemte chleba4 ,you have no bread4 ,positive statement4 ,nemte chleba8 ,haven't you bread8 ,question4 ,kdo8 who8 ,koho8 whom8 ,co8 what8 ,kde8 where8 a1 and2 ne1 no2 ano1 yes4 ,these inanimate nouns are declined like strom4 klobouk1 hat2 strom1 tree2 chlb1 bread2 kabt1 coat2 obraz1 picture2 rm1 frame4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,kdo m kabt8 ,j mm kabt4 ,my mme kabty4 ,koho volte8 ,volm bratra a vojka4 ,zde jest kabt hocha4 ,vidte strom8 ,ano1 vidm strom4 ,ne1 nevidm strom4 ,m chlb8 ,ano1 mm chlb4 k m klobouk a kabt4 ,koho slyte8 ,slym hocha4 ,koho chvlte8 ,chvlme ka4 ,pn m obraz4 ,rm obrazu4 ,chlb sedlk4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,the gentleman has a picture4 ,whom do you hear8 ,i hear the soldiers4 ,we speak4 ,do you know the farmer8 ,yes1 ,i know the farmer4 ,whom do you call8 ,i call the brother4 ,we praise the farmers4 ,what do you hear8 ,do you see the boy and the soldier8 ,reading ,exercises3 ,koulelo se1 koulelo erven jablko4-- ,komu ty se dostane1 m zlat srdko8 ,mytiko1 my1 poj ke mn bl4 ,nepjdu1 kocourku1 nebo mne sn4 ,,lesson ,,iv4 ,,loha ,,iv4 ,,phonetics4 ,semivowels4--,polosouhlsky4 ,there are some words in ,bohemian that contain no vowels2 ex4 vlk1 wolf2 prst1 finger4''' ,in such words the consonants l and r play the part of a vowel2 they take a softer sound and are called semivowels 7,pronounce them as if there were a slight e before l or r4 ,vlk as velk1 prst as perst74 ,examples3--,str prst skrz krk4 ,drn1 pln1 slz1 brk1 vlna4--,some consonants following each other give trouble to the inexperienced beginner4 ,much practice is therefore necessary to acquire a good pronounciation right from the beginning4 ,drill exercise4--,pronounce distinctly3 hnv1 anger2 ti1 read2 zdi1 walls2 tst1 happiness2 koist1 prey2 zvon1 bell2 sklep1 cellar4 la ,prokopka pro ,prokopa1 ,prokope1 dej trochu oukropa4 ,tiaticet kepelek letlo pes tiaticet stbrnch stech4 ,the ,bohemian ,alphabet4 a1 1 b1 c1 1 d1 1 e1 1 1 1 f1 g1 h1 ch1 i1 1 j1 k1 l1 m1 n1 1 o1 1 p1 r1 1 s1 1 t1 1 u1 1 1 v1 y1 1 z1 4 ,the letters q1 x1 w occur only in words of foreign origin4 ,the vowels a1 e1 i1 o1 u1 y have full vocal tone4 ,consonants are divided into surds ch1 k1 t1 1 p1 s1 c1 1 1 f4 ,they have a dull sound and no vocal tone while the sonants h1 g1 d1 1 b1 z1 1 v1 have a clear sound and light vocal tone4--,when a surd follows the sonant or vice versa1 either in the same word or in two neighboring words1 then either the surd changes into a sonant or the sonant into a surd so that they are both of the same quality4 ,examples3 lehk1 light1 is pronounced as lechk1 nehty1 nails1 is pronounced as nechty1 kde1 where1 is pronounced as gde1 kdo1 who1 is pronounced as gdo1 v ,praze is pronounced as f ,praze1 bez prce is pronounced as bes prce4 ,the final sonant changes into a surd4 v is pronounced as f1 lev 7lion7 is pronounced lef1 h is pronounced as ch1 snh 7snow7 is pronounced snch1 z is pronounced as s1 lez 7crawl67 is pronounced as les1 is pronounced as 1 b 7run67 is pronounced as b1 is pronounced as 1 lo 7ship7 is pronounced as lo4 ,when1 however1 a vowel follows the sonant1 this will keep its full sound2 lvi1 lions2 ve snhu1 in the snow2 lezu1 ,i crawl2 bm1 ,i run2 lod1 ships4 ,prepositions v1 in2 k1 to1 towards2 s1 with1 are words4 ,they must therefore be separated from words before which they stand but in speaking they are united to the following word and pronounced as one1 e4 g43 v lese1 in the forest say vlese2 k bratru1 to the brother say kbratru1 s pnem1 with the gentleman1 say spnem4 ,,grammar4 ,pronouns4--,nmstky4 ,j1 ,i1 my1 we1 ty1 thou 7but translated you7 vy1 you1 on1 he1 oni1 7 ona1 she1 ony1 7 they ono1 it2 ona1 7 ,notice that while in ,english the plural of all three he1 she and it is they1 each of these has its own plural form in ,bohemian4 ,we have had so far two classes of verbs and the auxiliary to be1 bti4 ,j volm1 ,i call1 my volme1 we call1 ty vol1 you call1 vy volte1 you call1 on 7 he 7 oni 7 ona 7 vol she 7 calls ony 7 volaj1 they call4 ono 7 it 7 ona 7 ,the personal pronoun is usually omitted1 except in emphatic statements4 ,the third person plural of the verbs of the first lessons3 maj1 they have1 znaj1 they know 7the same as volaj7 and jsou1 they are4 ,gender4--,rod4 ,all nouns in ,bohemian belong to either the masculine1 feminine or neuter gender4 ,jsou bu rodu muskho1 enskho nebo stednho4 ,this distinction is called grammatical gender4--,nouns ending in the nominative singular in a are of feminine gender4 ,declension of the feminine nouns ending in -a4 ,singular4 ,plural4 ,nominative kola1 school2 koly1 schools1 objective kolu1 school2 koly1 schools1 possessive koly1 of the school2 kol1 of the schools4 ,feminine nouns of this declension3 kola1 school1 kniha1 book1 teta1 aunt1 ryba1 fish1 sestra1 sister1 matka1 mother4 ,ve kole1 in the school 7locative case74 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,kdo jest ve kole8 ,my jsme ve kole4 ,pn jest doma4 ,kde jsou vojci8 ,oni jsou zde4 ,mm knihu4 ,m sestra m knihy4 ,neslym sestry4 ,sestry volaj hocha4 ,kde jest hoch8 ,hoch jest ve kole4 ,volme tetu1 ona jest doma4 ,knihu ka m vojk4 ,vidm dm sedlka4 ,chvlte ky8 ,ano1 chvlme ky4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,answer in ,bohemian3 ,kde jest sestra8 ,mte knihy8 ,slyte pna1 znte vojky8 ,kde jest hoch8 ,co m ona8 ,koho volaj ony8 ,vidte stromy8 ,exercise ,,iii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,we don't hear the gentleman4 ,she has an aunt4 ,the pupils are in the school4 ,where is the sister of the soldier8 ,the bread of the farmer is here4 ,she doesn't hear4 ,they 7masc47 don't hear4 ,they 7feminine7 don't see4 ,what do you see8 ,i have books4 ,we have books in the school4 ,,lesson ,v4 ,,loha ,v4 ,review of the ,phonetics4--,opakovn hlskovn4 ,vowels4--,samohlsky4 ,short1 krtk3 a1 e1 1 i1 o1 u1 y2 long1 dlouh3 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 ,consonants4--,souhlsky4 ,soft consonants1 mkk souhlsky3 1 1 1 c1 1 1 1 1 j1 followed by i or 4 ,hard consonants1 tvrd souhlsky3 h1 ch1 k1 d1 t1 n1 r1 followed by y or 4 ,soft syllables1 mkk slabiky3 di1 ti1 ni1 d1 t1 n1 b1 p1 v1 m1 f4 ,hard syllables1 tvrd slabiky3 dy1 ty1 ny1 de1 te1 ne1 be1 pe1 ve1 me1 fe4 ,diphthong1 dvojhlska3 ou4 ,the remaining consonants3 b1 p1 v1 l1 m1 s1 z1 f1 are called neutral consonants--obojetn souhlsky4 ,these consonants become hard or soft in certain cases or verb ending as will be shown in the grammar or they are soft or hard in certain words to be taken up latter on4 ,the proper use of y or i after neutral consonants is one of the difficulties of the ,bohemian grammar4 ,long vowels--dlouh samohlsky4--,it is very important to employ the long mark over long vowels and to give sufficient length in pronouncing them4 ,the beginner especially should prolong them to acquire the habit4 ,many quasi-homonyms are distinguished by the length sign3 e4 g4 pata1 heel1 pt1 fifth1 pee1 bakes1 pe1 care1 pra1 steam1 pr1 ripping1 psi1 dogs1 ps1 of the dog1 kl1 post1 pillar1 kul1 forged4 ,,grammar4 ,,the ,,dative ,,case4 ,the indirect object is expressed by the dative case4 ,it answers to the question to whom8 ,komu8 ,i give a book to the boy4--,dm knihu hochovi4 ,i give what8 ,the book4 ,the book is the direct object4 ,to whom do ,i give the book8 ,to the boy1 hochovi4 ,the boy is the indirect object expressed in ,bohemian by the dative case4 ,the preposition k1 to or towards1 7ke or ku before word beginning with k1 b1 v1 p7 is used only to denote direction1 when the verb implies motion4 ,jdu ke stolu4 ,i go to 7towards7 the table4 ,the forms of the dative4 ,singular4 ,plural4 ,masculine animate pnu1 or pnovi1 pnm1 ,masculine inanimate stromu1 stromm1 ,feminine kole1 kolm4 ,adjectives4--,pdavn jmna4 ,in ,bohemian the adjectives agree with the noun they modify in gender1 number and case4 ,nominative singular and plural of the masculine and feminine forms of the adjectives4 ,singular4 ,masculine animate velk vojk1 big soldier1 masculine inanimate nov kabt1 a new coat1 feminine dobr kola1 a good school4 ,plural4 ,masculine animate velc vojci1 big soldiers1 ,masculine inanimate nov kabty1 new coats1 ,feminine dobr koly1 good schools4 ,the adjective ends in the nominative singular for the masculine in -4 ,the adjective ends in the nominative singular for the feminine in -4 ,the adjective ends in the nominative plural for the masculine anim4 in -4 ,the adjective ends in the nominative pl4 for the masculine inanim4 in -4 ,the adjective ends in the nominative plural for the feminine in -4 ,vocabulary4 dal1 gave2 mal1 -1 small2 velk1 -1 big2 7- is abbreviation for velk72 star1 -1 old2 nov1 -1 new2 zelen1 -1 green2 dobr1 -1 good1 used both with objects and persons4 patn1 -1 bad2 jak1 -1 of what kind 7adjective72 nen1 is not4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,hodn sedlk dal hochovi knihu4 ,hodn sedlci dali hochm knihy4 ,stromy jsou zelen4 ,mal k jest ve kole4 ,kde jest hodn hoch8 ,hodn hoch jest doma4 ,pn dal hochovi klobouk4 ,slym sestru4 ,jest k hodn8 ,ano1 k jest hodn4 ,jest kniha star8 ,ne1 kniha nen star1 kniha jest nov4 ,sedlk dal chleba pnovi4 ,star pn jest doma4 ,hodn matka jest zde4 ,star dm jest velik4 ,kabt hocha jest nov4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,the old gentleman knows the boy4 ,the old gentlemen know the boys4 ,is the small boy in the school8 ,yes1 he is in the school4 ,no1 he is not in the school1 he is at home4 ,the coat is old4 ,where is the big soldier8 ,we have coats and hats4 ,the good pupils are in school4 ,where is the big sister8 ,the aunt is good4 ,the tree is big and green4 ,reading exercise4 ,,kmotr ,,mat,j4 ,kmotr ,matj el navtvit kmotra ,jru4 ,nedaleko statku potkal kmotrova chlapce4 8,co dl tta1 ,josfku80 pt se ho4 8,prv chtl jst1 ale kdy vs vidl pichzet1 vstal a nechal jdla bt10 odpovdl pravdomluvn hoch4 8,a pro pak80 8,inu1 tta povdal1 e byste nm mnoho sndl1 a mma to musela se stolu vecko uschovat40 8,a kam pak to schovala1 ,josfku80 8,husu dala na pcku1 ktu na kamna1 klobsy se zelm do trouby1 buchty na polici a dva dbny piva pod lavici40 ,kmotr se neptal dle1 usml se a v okamen veel pes prh ke kmotrovi4 8,pozdrav t bh60 vtal ho kmotr ,jra4 8,ale e pak jsi nepiel o chvilku dve1 mohl jsi s nmi jst1 prv dnes nm od jdla nic nezbylo1 m bychom t uctili40 8,nemohl jsem1 mil kmotku1 dve pijt1 pihodilo se mi na cest nco neoekvanho40 8,a co1 povdej60 8,zabil jsem ti hada1 a ten had ml hlavu tak velikou jako ta kta1 co mte na kamnech1 tlust byl jako ta husa1 co je na pcce1 bl masko ml jako ty buchty1 co jsou na polici1 dlouh pak byl jako ty klobsy1 co le otoen na zel v troub1 krve ale bylo1 co piva v tch dvou dbnech1 co tamto pod lavic stoj40 ,dobe to ,matj vyvedl4 ,kmotr ,jra se za svou nehostinnost zastydl1 ena musela jdlo a pit na stl postavit1 a oba teprv hosta astovali4 ,boena ,nmcov4 ,,lesson ,,vi4 ,,loha ,,vi4 ,mken tvrdch souhlsek4--,softening of hard consonants4 ,it was stated in ,lesson ,,iii4 that the plural of the masculine animate nouns and their adjectives ends in -i--mkk i4 ,since i1 mkk1 cannot follow a hard consonant this must soften1 that is change into corresponding soft consonant4 ,in softening1 pi mken h changes into z1 druh1 comrade1 druzi1 comrades1 ch changes into 1 hoch1 boy1 hoi1 boys1 k changes into c1 vojk1 soldier1 vojci1 soldiers1 r changes into 1 bratr1 brother1 brati1 brothers4 d1 t1 n soften automatically upon the addition of i--di1 ti1 ni4 ,neutral consonants simply add -i4 ,this change1 called softening1 is very important1 it also occurs after 4 ,,grammar4 ,locative and instrumental cases4 ,after the prepositions3 o1 about1 v 7ve71 in1 po1 following1 after1 the locative case is employed in ,bohemian4 ,after the prepositions3 s 7se71 with1 za1 behind1 further where in the ,english we employ the preposition by to signify instrumentality to some action1 the instrumental case is used in ,bohemian4 ,note4--,prepositions s1 with2 v1 in2 k1 to1 towards1 add -e for the sake of euphony1 7k before k1 b1 v1 p1 v before v1 f1 s before s1 z1 1 74 ,locative case4 ,singular4 ,plural4 masc4 anim4 pnu1 pnovi1 pnech1 masc4 inan4 stromu1 strom1 stromech1 feminine kole1 kolch4 ,instrumental case4 masc4 anim4 pnem1 pny1 masc4 inan4 stromem1 stromy1 feminine kolou1 kolami4 ,mluvm o hochovi4 ,i speak about the boy4 ,locative case4 ,mluvm s hochem4 ,i speak with the boy4 ,instrumental case4 ,jdu1 ,i go1 jdeme1 we go1 jde1 you go1 jdete1 you go1 jde1 he goes1 jdou1 they go4 ,the following verbs form their present indicative like jdu3 nesu1 ,i carry1 tu1 ,i read1 beru1 ,i take4 ,exercise ,i4 ,jdu s pnem4 ,i go with the gentleman1 jde s pnem1 on jde s pnem1 ona jde s pnem4 ,my jdeme s pnem1 vy jdete s pnem1 oni jdou s pnem1 ony jdou s pnem4 ,continue orally as in the example above indicated throughout all three persons singular and plural3 ,nesu knihu ''' ,volm ka ''' tu ve kole ''' ,mm kabt ''' ,slym ptka ''' ,vidm strom ''' ,vocabulary4 dvka1 girl2 eka1 ,bohemian girl2 ,amerianka1 ,american girl2 zpv 7like vol71 sings2 ech1 ,bohemian2 ,amerian1 ,american2 les1 forest2 kam8 where2 ten1 this one for masculine2 ta1 this one for feminine4 ,do 7preposition7 is followed by possessive case4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,english3 ,jdu do koly4 ,m klobouk a kabt4 ,ta dvka jest eka4 ,jest ten vojk ech8 ,ne1 on nen ech1 jest ,amerian4 ,jdu do lesa4 ,v lese jsou stromy4 ,ptk zpv v lese4 ,kdo mluv o kole8 ,hoch sedlka mluv o kole4 ,koho vol sestra8 ,sestra vol tetu4 ,co te bratr8 ,bratr te knihu4 ,co nese star sedlk8 ,star sedlk nese knihu4 ,ten sedlk jest ech4 ,exercise ,,iii4 ,change the sentences in ,exercise ,,ii4 into plural 7in ,bohemian74 ,exercise ,,iv4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,a good pupil goes to school4 ,she takes bread4 ,they hear the soldiers4 ,what are you hauling8 ,the good aunt has a garden4 ,a big sister reads a book4 ,a gentleman goes with the soldier4 ,behind the soldier is a tree4 ,the big house is the school4 ,where do you go8 ,i go home4 ,we speak about the school4 ,vocabulary4 uitel1 teacher2 u se1 they study2 sed1 they sit2 v lavicch1 in benches2 u stolu1 at the table2 stoj1 stands2 ostatn1 the others2 dvaj pozor1 they pay attention4 ,,kola4 ,ve kole jsou ci a uitel4 ,maj knihy4 ,u se piln4 ,sed v lavicch4 ,uitel jest u stolu4 ,na stole m velkou knihu4 ,jeden k stoj a te1 ostatn dvaj pozor4 ,jsme ve kole a ume se4 ,jsme ci4 ,sedme v lavicch4 ,mme knihy a papr4 ,,part ,,ii4--,d,l ,,ii4 ,,tvaroslov4--,,etymology4 ,,lesson ,,vii4 ,,loha ,,vii4 ,the vocative case4 ,the vocative case is used in ,bohemian in direct address1 in calling somebody and in appealing4 ,ex4 g4 ,pane6 dej mi chlb4 ,sir1 give me bread4 ,declension of holub1 tabulated4 ,singular4 nominative holub1 the pigeon1 objective holuba1 the pigeon1 possessive holuba1 of the pigeon1 dative holubu1 holubovi1 to the pigeon1 locative o holubu1 holubovi1 about the pigeon1 instrumental s holubem1 with the pigeon1 vocative holube6 pigeon6 ,plural4 nominative holubi1 the pigeons1 objective holuby1 dative holub1 holubv1 possessive holubm1 locative holubech1 holubch1 instrumental holuby1 vocative holubi6 ,holub is the stem--kmen4--,the various cases are formed by adding to the stem the inflectional endings4 ,holub is the type--vzor--of the declension of the masculine nouns animate1 ending in hard consonant4 7,the neutral consonant is considered here hard74 ,if we replace the stem by a line1 the case endings will be more evident4 ,nom4 --1 --i1 ,obj4 --a1 --y1 ,poss4 --a1 --1 --v1 ,dat4 --u1 --ovi1 --m1 ,loc4 --u1 --ovi1 --ech1 --ch1 ,inst4 --em1 --y1 ,voc4 --e1 --i6 ,remarks on this declension4 ,a47 ,in the singular1 the objective and possessive cases end in --a1 the dative and locative end in --u1 or --ovi4 ,b47 ,in the plural the ,nominative and ,vocative cases end --i2 ,objective and instrumental end in --y4 ,exception nom4 plur4 uitel1 teachers1 andl1 angels4 ,c47 ,if the stem vowel is 1 ex4 bh1 this changes into o in all oblique cases1 7all other cases except nominative singular71 bozi1 nom4 pl41 boha1 of the god1 etc4 ,d4 ,hard consonants must soften before i or 7locative plural71 see lesson ,,vi4 on the necessary change4 ,e47 ,in the vocative the stem vowel shortens in pane6 ,sir6 ,the hard consonants softens before -e1 in this case3 boe6 ,god61 brate6 brother6 ,with many nouns ending in ch1 h1 and k the vocative singular ends in -u1 hochu6 vojku6 synu6 ,f47 e before the final consonant is dropped out in the oblique cases1 ,ex4 pes1 dog1 psi1 psu1 etc4 ,orel1 eagle1 orla1 orli2 ,turek1 ,turk1 ,turka4 ,infinitive and past participle of verbs4--,neur4 zpsob a pest sloves4 ,i4 pers4 sing4 ,infinitive4 ,past participle4 volm1 ,i call1 volati1 to call1 volal1 called1 dm1 ,i give1 dti1 to give1 dal1 given1 znm1 ,i know1 znti1 to know1 znal1 known1 knew1 chvlm1 ,i praise1 chvliti1 to praise1 chvlil1 praised1 mluvm1 ,i speak1 mluviti1 to speak1 mluvil1 spoken1 spoke1 chodm1 ,i walk1 choditi1 to walk1 chodil1 walked4 ,almost all the ,bohemian verbs end in the infinitive of -ti4 ,the participle 7masculine7 is very often formed by replacing the infinitive ending -ti by -l4--,the past participle adds -i in masculine plural1 -a in feminine singular1 -y in feminine plural4 k mluvil4 ,the pupil spoke4 ci mluvili4 ,the pupils spoke4 ,sestra mluvila4 ,the sister spoke4 ,sestry mluvily4 ,the sisters spoke4 ,the formation of the past tense4 ,masculine form4 ,j jsem mluvil1 ,i spoke1 ,i was speaking1 ty jsi mluvil1 you spoke1 you were speaking1 on mluvil1 he spoke1 he was speaking4 ,my jsme mluvili1 we spoke1 we were speaking1 vy jste mluvili1 you spoke1 you were speaking1 oni mluvili1 they spoke1 they were speaking4 ,there is no progressive form in ,bohemian1 therefore mluvm is both ,i speak or ,i am speaking1 and the same is true for other tenses4 ,the feminine forms4 ,j jsem mluvila1 ,i spoke1 ty jsi mluvila1 you spoke1 ona mluvila1 she spoke1 ,my jsme mluvily1 we spoke1 vy jste mluvily1 you spoke1 ony mluvily1 they spoke4 ,the past tense in ,bohemian is formed from the past participle and present tense of the auxiliary bti1 to be 7jsem1 jsi1 jsme1 jste74 ,the auxiliary is left out in the third person4 ,on mluvil4 ,oni mluvili4 ,when the personal pronoun is left out as is usually done1 the auxiliary is placed after the participle3 j jsem mluvil1 or mluvil jsem1 my jsme mluvili1 or mluvili jsme4 ,whenever the subject of the verb is masculine1 the past participle has the masculine form2 if the subject is feminine1 the past participle has feminine form4 ,oral ,exercise4 ,continue in all three persons1 singular and plural1 7follow the example in the ,lesson ,,vi73 ,j jsem chodil do koly ''' ,dal jsem knihu hochovi ''' ,chvlil jsem ka ''' ,mluvila jsem se sestrou ''' ,vocabulary4 hledati1 to look for1 to seek1 udlati1 to do1 to make1 uitel1 teacher1 bratr1 brother1 pes1 dog4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,nemluvil jsem s tetou4 ,uitel mluv s bratrem4 ,uitel mluvil s bratry4 ,znal jsem vojka8 ,sestra chvlila tetu4 ,kdo chodil do koly8 ,j jsem chodil do koly4 ,matka dala hochovi chleba4 ,koho jsi slyel mluviti8 ,slyel jsem mluviti pna o vojcch4 ,komu jsi dal knihu8 ,co jsi hledal8 ,hledal jsem psa4 ,zde jest pes4 ,kdo to udlal8 ,mal hoch to udlal4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,the teacher is in school with the pupils4 ,what are you looking for8 ,i am looking for my book4 ,where is the big boy8 ,the big boy is on the street4 ,who was praising the boy8 ,the teacher was praising the boy4 ,brother walks with the dog4 ,i see birds4 ,the pigeons are birds4 ,we called the soldiers and gentlemen4 ,we did not know them4 ,,lesson ,,viii4 ,,loha ,,viii4 ,declension of the masculine nouns inanimate ending in a hard consonant4 ,type1--,vzor strom--tree4 nom4 strom1 stromy1 ,obj4 strom1 stromy1 ,poss4 stromu1 strom1 stromv1 ,dat4 stromu1 stromm1 ,loc4 strom1 stromu1 stromech1 stromch1 ,inst4 stromem1 stromy1 ,voc4 strome6 stromy6 ,remarks on this declension3 ,a47 ,in the singular the nominative and the objective is formed simple by the stem1 the possessive1 dative and locative take the ending -u1--,in the plural the nom41 object41 instr4 and voc4 take the ending -y ,b7 e in ending -ek 7diminutive ending7 loses e in oblique cases1 stromek1 stromky1 little tree4 ,c7 in the loc4 sing4 softens the hard cons4 in the same way4 ,ex4 ,tbor1 camp1 v tboe1 in the camp2 sud1 barrel1 v sud1 in the barrel4 ,but since no sound comes after s1 l1 z1 words ending in these consonants add simple e in place of 4 7,general rule in ,bohemian74 ,les1 forest1 v lese1 kostel1 church1 v kostele4 ,irregular verbs4 ,first person4 ,infinitive4 ,past participle4 ,jsem1 ,i am1 bti1 to be1 byl1 was1 mm1 ,i have1 mti1 to have1 ml1 had1 jdu1 ,i go1 jti1 to go1 el1 gone1 went1 tu1 ,i read1 sti1 to read1 etl1 read1 vidm1 ,i see1 vidti1 to see1 vidl1 seen1 saw1 slym1 ,i hear1 slyeti1 to hear1 slyel1 heard4 ,the last two verbs are not irregular but belong to a special class4 ,the past tense 7and there is only one past tense in ,bohemian7 is formed for the first two persons from the past participle and the auxiliary bti2 the third person is the participle alone4 ,see preceding lesson4 byl jsem1 ,i was 7masc471 byla jsem1 ,i was 7fem471 byli jsme1 we were 7masc471 byly jsme1 we were 7fem471 byl jsi1 you were 7masc471 byla jsi1 you were 7fem471 byli jste1 you were 7masc471 byly jste1 you were 7fem471 on byl1 he was 7masc471 ona byla1 she was 7fem474 ,in the same way ml jsem1 ,i had2 ona mla1 she had4 etli jsme1 we read 7masc472 ony etly 7fem47 they read4--el forms1 however1 an exception 7the e is so called pohybliv e1 movable e1 like e in ending -ek of the masculine nouns 7declension774 ,the feminine form of el is la1 the plural of el1 li1 the plural of la1 ly4 ,on el1 he went2 plural oni li1 they went or they were going4 ona la1 she went2 plural ony ly1 they went1 or they were going4 ,no auxiliary is employed in ,bohemian in making question or negative statement4 ,negative form is made by simply prefixing ne 7viz ,i4 lesson72 nebyl jsem1 ,i was not2 neel jsem1 ,i did not go4 ,the only exception is jest1 abbreviated je1 is1 but nen1 is not4 ,questions are formed by interchanging pronoun and verb4 ,ty m penze4 ,you have money4 ,m ty penze8 ,have you money8 ,but since the pronoun is usually omitted1 only question mark and in speaking accentuation indicates question4 tete knihu4 ,you read a book4 tete knihu8 ,do you read a book8 ,when the verb has for subject a noun then the verb follows the noun in a statement and precedes the noun in a question1 except when an adverb why8 pro81 when81 kdy81 where81 kde8 kam8 is used to introduce the question4 ,hoch byl ve kole4 ,the boy was in the school4 ,byl hoch ve kole8 ,was the boy in the school8 ,vojk etl knihu4 ,the soldier read the book4 etl vojk knihu8 ,did the soldier read the book8 ,sestra nemluvila4 ,the sister didn't talk4 ,pro sestra nemluvila8 ,why didn't the sister talk8 ,when translating into ,english the ,bohemian verbs may be rendered by progressive form4 ,ex43 ,mluvil jsem1 ,i spoke or ,i was speaking4 ,pro1 why2 dm1 7domy71 house2 stl1 7stoly71 table2 tbor1 camp2 les1 7lesy71 forest2 za1 behind 7with instrumental72 zahrada1 garden2 dnes1 to day2 vera1 yesterday2 kde8 where8 when speaking of a location4 kde jest bratr8 where is the brother8 kam8 where8 when speaking of direction4 kam jdete8 where do you go8 na1 on1 upon2 esky1 ,bohemian2 anglicky1 ,english4 ,oral ,exercise4 ,complete in all three persons singular and plural3 ,vera jsem byl ve kole ''' ,nemluvm esky ''' la jsem do lesa ''' ,nevidla jsem vojka ''' ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,na stole jest kniha4 ,na stole byla kniha4 ,vojci jsou v tboe4 ,kdo volal bratra8 ,ten star pn volal bratra4 ,kam el sedlk8 ,sedlk el do kostela4 ,v lese jsou stromy4 ,vidl jsem ptky v lese4 li jsme do lesa4 ,kam jste li8 ,jsme v lese4 ,kde jste8 ,v lese4 ,za domem jest velik les4 ,pro jste nebyl ve kole8 ,vidl jste hochy ve kole8 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,where do you go8 ,i go home4 ,where were you yesterday8 ,i went into the forest4 ,the boy reads a book4 ,the boys read books4 ,the boy was reading a book4 ,the boys were reading books4 ,the sisters were talking with teachers4 ,behind the house is a garden4 ,did you see the soldiers8 ,the soldier was here4 ,,ix4 ,declension of feminine nouns ending in -a4 ,vzor ryba4 ,singular ,plural ,nom4 ryba ryby ,obj4 rybu ryby ,poss4 ryby ryb ,dat4 ryb rybm ,loc4 ryb rybch ,instrum4 rybou rybami ,vocative rybo6 ryby6 ,notes on this declension3 ,a4 ,the possessive plural is formed from the simple stem1 ryb1 kol1 en4 ,where this stem ends in two or more consonants sestra1 matka1 bitva etc4 it is necessary for the sake of euphony to introduce 8movable e0 before the last consonant4 ,ex4 sester of the sisters2 matek of the mothers2 bitev of the battles4 ,b4 ,if the stem vowel is ou1 this is shortened into u in the possessive plural4 ,moucha1 fly2 much1 of the flies1 louka1 meadow2 luk1 of the meadows2 houba1 mushroom2 hub1 of the mushrooms4 ,c4 ,the ending for the dative and locative singular is 4 ,this changes into e1 before l1 s1 z4 ,ve kole1 in the school1 huse1 to the goose1 koze to the goat4 ,the hard consonant softens before as was explained before1 vra 7belief7 ve1 ruka 7hand7 ruce1 noha 7foot7 noze1 moucha 7fly7 moue4 ,d4 ,observe the final y is hard1 ryby2 but in instrum4 rybami4 ,e4 ,dcera 7daughter7 has an ancient dat4 and loc4 dcei4 ,,the ,,verb4 ,the future tense of the verb to be4 ,budouc as slovesa bti4 budu ,i shall be1 bude ,you will be1 on1 ona1 ono bude1 he1 she it will be1 budeme we shall be1 budete you will be1 oni1 ony1 ona budou1 they will be4 ,the so-called 8compound future tense10 of all ,bohemian verbs is formed from the future forms of the auxiliary to be--budu1 bude1 etc4 and the infinitive of the verb4 ,ex4 ,budu mluviti4 ,i shall talk or ,i shall be talking4 ,budeme mti1 we shall have4 ,bude slyeti1 you will hear4 ,uitel bude chvliti4 ,the teacher will praise4 ,teta bude chvliti4 ,the teacher will praise4 ,sestry budou mluviti4 ,the sisters will talk4 ,mti1 to have1 to possess1 is also used in the sense of to have to4 ought to1 in which case it is followed by the infinitive4 ,ex4 ,mm mluviti pravdu4 ,i ought to speak the truth1 ,i have to speak the truth4 ,mme pracovati4 ,we ought to1 we have to1 work4 ,idioms4 ,jak se mte8 ,how are you8 ,how do you do8 ,mm se dobe4 ,i am well4 ,mme se dobe4 ,we are well4 ,mti se dobe1 7patn71 to be well1 7unwell71 7se is a reflexive pronoun74 ,mm se patn4 ,i am not well4 ,vocabulary3 ena1 woman1 wife pravda1 truth koza1 she goat krva1 cow husa1 goose matka1 mother bitva1 battle ruka1 hand ztra1 tomorrow dobe1 well patn1 unwell1 badly na ulici1 on the street dlati1 dlm1 to do1 to make dkuji1 thank you mnoho1 7followed by poss4 case7 many ,oral ,exercise3 ,complete3 ,budu dnes pracovati1 bude dnes pracovati etc4 ,j budu mluviti esky ''' el jsem na ulici ''' ,mm se dobe ''' ,budu sti knihu ''' ,znm j uitele8 ''' ,budu se mti dobe ''' ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,mme mluviti pravdu4 ,budeme mluviti pravdu4 ,sedlk m krvy a husy4 ,chud ena m kozu4 ena sedlka zn hocha4 ,co budete dlati ztra8 ,budu sti knihy4 ,budeme se mti dobe4 ,mme se dobe4 ,ml jsem se dobe4 ,jak se mte pane8 ,dkuji1 dobe4 ,vojk byl v bitv4 ,hoch neel do koly1 neml knihy4 ,m mti knihy4 ,dme to matce4 el jsem s matkou na ulici4 ,sedlk m mnoho krav4 ,vojk vidl mnoho bitev4 ,koupil jsem kok hub4 ,co dlte dnes8 ,vocabulary4 ,rodina1 family dlnk dlnci1 working-man mj otec1 my father osm1 eight denn1 daily prce1 work1 pijti1 pijdu 7pi-jti71 to come veeeti1 veem1 to eat supper noviny1 newspaper vypravuje1 tells1 relates vydlv1 earns mzda1 wages slun1 decent tvj1 yours co se stalo za den1 what happened during the day1 rzn1 different1 various bavme se1 we amuse ourselves hra1 play1 game ,rodina4 ,mj otec pracuje v dln1 jest dlnkem4 ,dl osm hodin denn4 ,vydlv slunou mzdu4 ,po prci pijde dom1 veeme a pak otec te noviny4 ,matka mu vypravuje1 co se stalo za den doma4 ,vypravujeme o rznch vcech a t se bavme hrami4 ,answer in ,bohemian4 m 7what7 jest tvj otec8 ,kde pracuje tvj otec8 ,kdy pijde otec dom8 ,kdy veete8 ,co dl otec veer8 ,bavte se hrami8 ,o em 7about what7 vypravujete8 ,jak noviny tete8 ,x4 ,definitions3 ,podstatn jmna jsou jmna pedmtv 7osob1 vc a ide74 ,nouns are the names of objects 7persons1 things or ideas74 slo4 ,number4 ,v etin jest jednotn a mnon slo4 ,in ,bohemian there is singular and plural number4 ,the old ,bohemian had also a third number the dual1 used when speaking of two objects4 ,it is now used only in few cases1 see lesson ,,xx4 ,rod1 ,gender4 ,vechna podstatn jmena v etin jsou rozdlena ve ti tdy dle mluvnickho rodu4 ,a sice v3 rod musk1 rod ensk1 neb rod stedn4 ,all nouns in ,bohemian are divided into three classes1 according to their grammatical gender3 masculine1 feminine or neuter4 7,grammatical gender may differ from the natural gender denoting the sex4 ,dve1 the girl is neuter although denoting a female being4 ,inanimate things may belong to any gender e4 g4 stl1 table is masculine1 okno1 window is neuter1 voda1 water is feminine74 ,it is important to know the gender of nouns1 because adjectives1 pronouns and participles vary their endings according to the gender of the noun which they modify4 ,the following rule1 which holds good in the majority of cases1 will be useful in determining the gender of nouns3 ,nouns ending in a hard or neuter consonant are masculine4 ,nouns ending in -a1 are feminine1 also many in -e are feminine4 ,nouns ending in -o are neuter1 also many in - are neuter4 ,being--,bytost4 ,in the masculine gender alone1 a difference is made between nouns denoting animate beings1 ivotn bytosti1 and those denoting inanimate beings1 neivotn bytosti4 ,skloovnm nazvme zmny1 ktermi se slovo pizpsobuje svmu kolu ve vt4 ,podstatn jmeno m sedm takovch zmn--pd4 ,changes1 by which a noun is adjusted to its purpose in the sentence1 are called declension4 ,bohemian nouns have seven such changes called--cases4 ,the use and office of cases is explained in ,lesson ,,xv4 ,numbers4 sla4 #a jeden1 #b dva1 #c ti1 #d tyi1 #e pt1 #f est1 #g sedm1 #h osm1 #i devt1 #aj deset1 #aa jedenct1 #ab dvanct4 jeden1 dva are masculine forms1 jeden1 hoch1 dva hoi1 jedna1 dv1 are feminine forms jedna sestra1 dv sestry4 ,all other numerals have but one form1 for all genders4 ,numerals beginning with pt1 est1 sedm etc4 are followed by the possessive plural4 ,pt hoch five boys1 deset dom ''' etc4 ,vocabulary4 den1 7dni7 day pondl1 7n47 ,monday ter1 7n47 ,tuesday steda1 7f47 ,wednesday tvrtek1 7m47 ,thursday ptek1 7m47 ,friday sobota1 7f47 ,saturday nedle1 7f47 ,sunday mstnost1 7f47 room jdelna1 7f47 dining room komora1 7f47 pantry osoba1 7f47 person dti1 children syn1 7synov m47 son dcera1 7f47 daughter ji1 already jet1 yet mlad1 young n1 7nai7 ours pokoj1 sitting room1 parlor lonice1 7f47 bedroom devnk1 7m47 wood-shed4 ,abbreviations3 m--masculine2 f--feminine1 n--neuter4 ,plural form is given with nouns to show exceptions and declension to which they belong4 ,oral exercise3 ,a4 ,complete3 ,mm dobrho ptele1 m dobrho ptele4''' ,znm dva hochy ''' ,nemm se dobe ''' ,vidm pt dom ''' ,dal jsem to bratrovi ''' ,b4 ,decline3 ,dlnk1 les1 dlna1 hra4 ,d4 ,conjugate in the present1 past and future 7ex4 chvlm1 chvl ''' chvlil jsem ''' budu chvliti73 baviti 7bavm7 to amuse 7like chvliti7 7chvlm47 vydlvati1 vydlvm 7like volati volm47 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,dnes jest tvrtek1 ztra bude ptek4 ,vera byla steda4 ,za ti dny 7,in three days7 bude nedle4 ,co jste dlal v pondl8 ,v pondl jsem byl ve kole4 ,veer jsme etli noviny4 ,kolik vydlal bratr8 ,bratr vydlal deset dolar4 ,jsem jet mlad4 ,zde jest est osob4 ,vidm dv osoby4 ,v dln jsou dlnci1 ve kole jsou ci4 ,pt a pt je deset4 ,ti a ti je est4 ,mme rybu k veei4 ,v nedli nepracujeme4 ,co budete dlat ztra8 ,sestry jsou v jdeln4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,the old woman has five geese4 ,i saw the old woman and the geese in the forest4 ,the geese went before the woman4 ,this soldier was in two battles4 ,my father works in a shop4 ,he is a workman 7,inst47 ,i am a pupil4 7,inst47 ,we shall read to morrow4 ,where were you yesterday8 ,rodina ,,ii4 ,v na rodin jest osm osob4 ,otec1 matka a est dt4 tyi synov a dv dcery4 ,dva hoi chod ji do koly a dva jsou jet doma4 ,jsou mlad4 ,n dm m deset mstnost3 kuchyni1 pokoj1 jdelnu1 #d lonice1 komoru a devnk4 ,kolik mstnost m v dm8 ,,xi4 ,declension of neuter nouns ending in -o4 ,vzor1 type4 ,msto1 city4 ,singular ,plural ,nom4 and ,vocative msto msta ,obj4 msto msta ,poss4 msta mst ,dat4 mstu mstm ,loc4 mst1 mstu mstech ,instr4 mstem msty4 ,the possessive plural is the simple stem like ryb in feminine declension4 ,the 8movable e0 is here also introduced for the sake of euphony where the stem ends in two or three consonants4 ,okno1 window1 oken1 jablko apple1 jablek4 ,final 1 follows the usual rules2 a7 it changes into e after s1 l1 z1 ve skle1 in the glass4 b7 it softens the hard consonants 7r into 1 h into z1 ch into 1 k into c74 ,ex43 mlko1 milk1 v mlce4 ,locative plural also ends in -ch instead of -ech2 ve slovch1 ve slovech4 ,,idioms4 ,many idiomatic expressions are formed with the verb mti to have4 ,mti hlad1 to be hungry4 ,mm hlad1 ,i am hungry4 ,mti ze1 to be thirsty4 ,mte ze8 ,are you thirsty8 ,mti rd nkoho1 neb nco1 to like4 ,mm rd bratra4 ,i like my brother4 ,the ,adverb rd 7gladly7 expresses the ,english to like4 ,j rd tu knihy4 ,i like to read books4 7,we read books gladly47 ,my rdi pracujeme4 ,we like to work4 7,we work gladly47 ,ty rd te4 ,you like to read4 ,hodina 7hodiny7 hour4 ,kolik how many8 7how much874 ,kolik jest hodin8 ,what time is it8 ,jsou dv hodiny4 ,it is two o'clock4 ,jest est hodin4 ,it is six o'clock4 7,numerals higher than four are followed by the possessive pl47 ,oral exercise4 ,complete in all persons singular and plural ,mm hlad1 m hlad etc4''' ,ml jsem ze ''' ,mm rda sv rodie ''' ,i like my parents4 ,rd kreslm ''' ,i like to draw4 ,budu se rd uiti ''' ,i shall like to study4 ,decline3 ,okno window1 jablko apple1 slovo word1 kladivo hammer4 ,vocabulary4 ptel 7vocative pteli671 m41 friend laskav1 kind laskavost1 kindness tuka1 f4 7tuky71 pencil erstv1 fresh ano1 yes ne1 no koupiti1 to buy prodati1 to sell veer1 m41 evening tak1 also trochu1 a little vera1 yesterday sklenice1 f4 7sklenice7 glass4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,vera veer v est hodin jsem byl na ulici4 ,kam jdete1 pteli8 ,jdu do msta koupiti jablka4 ,hoch m ti jablka4 ,pn dal hochovi deset jablek4 ,jak se mte8 ,dkuji1 mm se dobe4 ,jak ,vy se mte8 ,tak dobe4 ,peme prem a tukou4 ,mj syn m ze4 ,mte1 prosm1 trochu vody8 ,ano1 zde jest sklenice vody4 ,sestra m rda tetu4 ,nemte rd uitele8 ,ano1 mm ho 7him7 rd1 jest velmi laskav4 ,kolik jest hodin8 ,jsou dv hodiny4 ,jest sedm hodin veer4 ,nemte ze8 ,nemm ze1 ale mm hlad4 ,za 7behind7 mstem jest velik zahrada4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,change the following sentences into the plural3 ,mm jablko4 ,v mst jest velk dm4 ,mm pro a tuku4 ,hoch jde mstem4 ,ulice msta jest ist4 ,pi prem1 nebo tukou4 ,mj bratr jest uitelem4 ,teta koupila husu4 ,dlnk pracuje ve mst4 ,exercise ,,iii4 ,change into singular3 ,mluvme se sestrami4 ,v mstech chvl sedlky4 ,na stromech rostou jablka4 ,chvlme slovy4 ,dob ci maj i pera a tuky4 ,kde mte knihy8 ,rdi jme jablka4 ,v zahradch je hodn strom4 ,exercise ,,iv4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,i am thirsty4 ,here is a glass of fresh water4 ,thank you for your kindness1 ,i like to drink a glass of pure fresh water4 ,does your brother like to read good books8 ,yes1 sir1 he likes books very much4 ,he brought ten books yesterday4 ,how many pencils has your friend8 ,ti housky a jeden kol4 ,chlapec dostal hlad4 ,koupil si housku a sndl ji1 ale jet ml hlad4 ,koupil si druhou housku a sndl ji1 jet ml hlad4 ,koupil si tet housku a sndl ji1 a stle jet ml hlad4 ,tedy si koupil kole1 a kdy jeden z nich sndl1 ml dost1 byl syt4 ,tu se chlapec uhodil do hlavy a pravil3 8,jsem to hlupk6 ,pro jsem sndl tolik housek8 ,mohl jsem si radji hned koupiti jeden kol40 ,,xii4 ,pdavn jmna4--,the adjectives4 ,urit pdavn jmna1 end in the singular in -1 -1 -1 in the plural in -1 -1 -4 e4 g4 dobr hoch1 good boy dobr teta1 good aunt dobr slovo1 good word dob hoi1 good boys dobr tety1 good aunts dobr slova1 good words4 ,urit pdavn jmna the definite adjectives1 agree with the noun they modify in number1 gender and case4 ,declension of definite adjectives4 ,singular3 ,type1 vzor1 dobr4 ,masculine neuter feminine ,nom4 and ,vocative dobr dobr dobr ,obj4 7iv47 dobrho dobr dobrou 7ne47 dobr ,poss4 dobrho dobrho dobr ,dat4 dobrmu dobrmu dobr ,loc4 dobrm dobrm dobr ,inst4 dobrm dobrm dobrou ,the last four cases have equal forms for masculine and neuter4 ,in all genders the nominative case equals the vocative4 ,the objective case of the masculine gender has two forms3 one for the animate1 another for the inanimate declension4 ,vidm velikho vojka1 ,i see a big soldier ,vidm velik strom1 ,i see a big tree4 ,definite ,adjectives3 7,masculine form alone are given47 velik1 also velk1 big1 large dobr1 good vesel1 merry1 jolly vysok1 high nov1 new krtk1 short ern1 black erven1 red modr1 blue mal1 small patn1 bad smutn1 sad nzk1 low star1 old dlouh1 long bl1 white zelen1 green lut1 yellow4 ,verbs with or e as root vowel4 umti to know1 to be able to do4 uml1 --a1 --o1 known1 knew1 was able to do4 umm1 ,i know um1 you know um1 knows umme1 we know umte1 you know umj1 they know4 ,this conjugation differs from the verb slyeti1 vidti1 only in the third person plural3 umj1 they know1 but sly1 they hear4 ,verbs conjugated like umti ,smti 7smm71 to may szeti1 to plant krjeti1 7krjm7 to cut ,verbs conjugated like slyeti sedti 7sedm71 to sit boleti1 7bol7 to pain1 ache bydleti1 7bydl7 to live1 to dwell ,umti and smti1 to may are followed by infinitive3 ,umm psti4 ,i know how to write4 ,smm jti dom4 ,i may go home4 ,oral exercise3 ,a47 ,complete in all persons singular and plural3 ,neumm francouzsky4 ,i don't know ,french4 ,nesml jsem odejti4 ,i might not leave4 ,budu krjeti chleba4 ,i shall cut bread4 ,bydlel jsem ve mst4 ,i lived in town4 ,smm k ,vm pijti8 ,may ,i come to see you8 ,b47 ,decline in singular3 ,velik les1 vesel sestra1 hodn pn1 erven jablko4 ,exercise ,i4 ,kde bydlte8 ,bydlm ve velikm dom4 ,bydleli jsme v malm mst4 ,nai rodie szeli stromy1 i my je 7them7 budeme szeti4 ,sedlka bolela ruka4 ,bratra bolel zub4 ,nesm jti ven4 erstv snh jest bl4 ,dala jsem jablko veselmu hochu4 ,kdy tete noviny8 tu noviny v osm hodin rno4 el jsem s malm bratrem a s malou sestrou4 ,na vysokm strom m ern ptk hnzdo4 ,umme sti esky4 ,mluvme esky4 ,nesmm zlobiti sv 7my7 rodie4 ,,xiii4 ,declension of definite adjectives4 ,plural4--,sklonn uritch pdavnch jmen4 ,mnon slo4 ,vzor1 type dobr4 ,masc4 ,fem4 ,neuter ,n4 a ,voc4 7iv47 dob dobr dobr1 7ne47 dobr ,object4 dobr dobr dobr1 ,poss4 dobrch ,dat4 dobrm ,locative dobrch ,instrumental dobrmi4 ,in the nominative plural the masculine adjectives of the inanimate noun end in -2 the animate adjectives end in -4 ,the hard consonant must soften before i6 ,dobr pn4 ,dob pni4 velk hoch1 velc hoi1 velk dm1 velk domy4 ,the last four cases have the same forms for all genders4 ,the adjectives frequently form the predicate4 7,after verb to be47 ,bratr jest hodn4 ,brother is good4 ,brati jsou hodn4 ,the brothers are good4 ,matka byla nemocn4 ,mother was sick4 ,compound verbs4 ,many verbs are formed by the addition of prefixes4 ,ex4 take1 retake4 ,in ,bohemian a great number of prefixes are used to give the verb a rich variety of meaning4 ,as soon as a verb takes a prefix it obtains a perfect aspect1 that is1 it denotes an action which was1 or will be completed4 ,for this reason all verbs with prefixes have no present tense2 but this present form signifies future4 ,no compound future tense can be formed with the verbs with prefixes4 ,viz lesson ,,xxxvi4 for future discussion4 jti to go1 pijti1 to come 7to go to7 piel jsem1 ,i have come4 pinsti to bring najti1 to find1 jdu1 ,i go2 pjdu1 ,i shall go4 pijdu1 ,i shall come 7,we cannot say1 budu pijti67 odejti1 to leave1 to go away udlati1 to make and finish4 ,the past tense of compound verbs corresponds to the ,english perfect past4 ,piel jsem1 ,i have come4 ,chytr sluha4 ,pn poslal sluhu pro hruky4 8,kup mi jen nejlep10 ekl mu4 ,v krm mu dvali dan hruky1 on je vrtil3 8,ne10 pravil1 8dejte mn jen nejlep40 ,kupec odpovdl3 8,ochutnej jednu1 uvid1 e jsou vecky dobr40 8,jak poznm1 e jsou vechny dobr1 kdy ochutnm jenom jedinou80 mnil mladk4 ,ukousl od kad hruky a pinesl je pnovi4 ,a pn ho za to vyhnal ze sluby4 dvka 7f47 7dvky7 girl strc1 m4 uncle trhati1 to pick1 to gather avak1 but hloup1 silly ochoiti1 to tame peen1 baked1 roasted hrti si1 to play a1 although kdykoliv1 whenever patrno1 evident odpovdti1 to answer letti1 to fly piletti1 to arrive flying povimnouti si1 to notice pradn1 none1 not a bit sla 7sly71 f4 strength sprost1 common1 low tvor1 m4 7tvorov71 creature ped1 before proto1 therefore slunost1 decency utkati1 to run away zavolati1 to call upon e1 that ,sokol a kohout4 ,mlad sokol se dal tak ochoit1 e piltal pnovi na ruku1 kdykoliv na zavolal4 ,kohout vak utkal ped pnem a kiel kdy se k nmu blil4 ,sokol si toho povimnul a ekl kohoutovi3 ,ty kohoute nem pradn slunosti4 ,patrno e jsi sprost tvor4 ,chod k pnovi jen kdy m hlad4 ,to j nedlm1 hloup ptku6 ,mm sly dost a ltati umm1 avak ped pnem neutkm4 ,kohout odpovdl3 ,j jet nikdy neslyel o peenm sokolu1 ale slyel jsem o peenm kohoutu4 ,proto utkm4 ,exercise4--,change the above story into the plural4 ,oral exercise4 ,a47 ,complete in all persons singular and plural3 ,nael jsem kohouta ''' ,najdu kladivo ''' ,neudlal jsem to ''' ,b4 ,decline in singular and plural3 peen kohout1 vesel dvka1 star msto4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,piel jsem navtvit strce ,jana4 ,strc ,jan jest sedlkem4 ,nael jsem strce na zahrad4 ,trhal jablka4 ,uitel se ptal ka1 co udlal4 ,nkolik velkch hoch si hrlo na ulici4 ,staten vojci bojovali ve velik bitv4 ,mal dvky odely dom4 ,pijdu ve dv hodiny4 ,ve starch domech jsou mal svtnice4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,when did you come8 ,i came at seven o'clock4 ,what have you found8 ,i found the old hammer4 ,where did you buy the pears8 ,i bought them in the store4 ,we shall come tomorrow4 ,the good aunts are sick4 ,what do you know about the big cities4 ,in the forest are many big trees4 ,what has the mother given to the little boys8 ,she gave them good cakes4 ,,xiv4 ,possessive pronouns4 ,pisvojovac nmstky4 ,possessive pronouns 7like adjectives7 agree with the nouns they modify in number1 gender and case4 ,masculine feminine neuter ,singular mj1 my1 mine m1 moje2 m1 moje tvj1 thy1 thine tv1 tvoje2 tv1 tvoje ,plural moji 7animate7 m1 moje 7inanimate72 m1 moje1 m1 moje tvoji 7animate7 tv1 tvoje1 tv1 tvoje4 tv1 tvoje 7inanimate7 jeho1 his2 jej1 her1 hers2 jeho1 its2 jejich1 their1 have one form for all three genders1 singular and plural4 ,jeho bratr1 jeho sestra1 jeho srdce2 jejich bratr1 jejich sestry1 jejich pole4 ,masculine1 feminine and neuter ,singular n our1 ours nae v your1 yours vae ,plural nai nae vai vae ,similar to mj1 m1 m1 is svj1 sv1 sv1 the reflexive possessive pronoun1 used when referring to the subject of the sentence4 ,ex4 ,j jdu se svm bratrem4 ,i go with my own brother4 ,reflexive pronoun se4 ,vztan nmstka se4 ,umvm se1 ,i wash myself1 umvme se1 we wash ourselves1 umv se a umvte se1 ,you wash yourself4 ,the ,reflexive se is used for all three persons1 both singular and plural4 ,in ,bohemian the reflexive pronoun is used with many verbs4 ,its declension and varied use will be taken up later on4 ,irregular verbs4 ,nepravideln slovesa4 ,,ii4 chtti to want4 ,present indicative3 chci1 chce1 chce2 chceme1 chcete1 chtj4 ,past participle chtl1 wanted4 ,vdti to know4 ,present indicative vm1 v1 v1 vme1 vte1 vd ,past participle1 vdl1 knew1 known4 jeti1 to go1 to ride4 ,present indicative jedu1 jede1 jede1 jedeme1 jedete1 jedou4 ,past participate1 jel went1 rode ridden4 ,chtti is followed by infinitive4 ,chci mluviti4 ,i wish to talk4 ,the difference between3 a7 umti1 vdti a znti4 umti njakou vc1 to know an art1 to be able to do a certain thing4 ,umm sti1 ,i know1 ,i can read4 ,vdti nco1 to know something4 ,slyel jsem to1 vm to4 ,i heard it1 ,i know it4 ,znti 7znm71 to know a person or a thing to be acquainted with it4 ,znm ,vs4 ,i know you4 b7 ,jeti a jti4 jeti is used whenever we go somewhere by some means of transportation1 jti denotes merely walking4 ,jedu dom1 ,i go home1 if ,i use some vehicle1 car1 horse1 bicycle etc4 ,jdu dom1 if ,i merely walk4 ,i went to ,new ,york is to be translated jel jsem1 if train or other vehicle was used4 ,but el jsem do ,new ,yorku if ,i walked4 ,the future of jti1 jdu1 pjdu 7prefix p-71 never budu jti4 ,the future of jeti1 pojedu 7prefix po-72 never budu jeti4 ,oral exercise4 ,complete in all three persons singular and plural3 ,pjdu na prochzku4 ,i'll go for a walk4 ,pojedu na venkov--,i'll go to the country4 ,chci pracovati--,i wish to work4 ,nevdla jsem to--,i didn't know it 7fem47 ,umm svou lohu--,i know my lesson4 ,znm mladou dvku1 ,i know a young girl4 ,nevdl jsem to1 ,i didn't know it4 ,vocabulary4 dvr 7dvory7 court-yard1 yard lov 7lovy7 chase krsn1 beautiful dn1 respectable1 decent ochoen1 tamed pl1 half splen1 burned promluviti 7mluvm7 to speak1 to deliver a speech1 pesti 7tu7 to read over1 uvidti 7vidm7 to see1 to perceive1 uvati1 7uvm71 to use1 pln1 full1 zdrav1 health4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,mj bratr mluv4 ,moji brati mluvili4 ,tvj bratr promluv4 ,kdy jste peetl tu 7that7 velkou knihu8 ,m matka to chce vdti4 ,kohout sedlka bh po dvoe4 ,m teta m velkou zahradu1 plnou krsnch kvtin4 ,sokol se d ochoiti4 ,ochoen sokolov byli uvni k lovu4 ,zdrav hlava veho4 istota pl zdrav4 ,vesel mysl pl zdrav4 ,mte jt dom4 ,kdy piel1 uvidl svj dm splen4 ,poznal jsem ho co 7as7 dnho hocha4 ,petu tu knihu ztra4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,did you know that respectable gentleman8 ,have you read that old book through8 ,you ought to know this 7to74 ,will you go to ,washington8 7by train74 ,did you go 7walk7 to ,washington8 ,who knows this gentleman8 ,who knows how much are five and five8 ,we can work well4 ,the farmer has a big yard with many 7s mnoha7 cows and geese4 ,my father spoke some 7nkolik1 follow by possessive7 kind words4 ,our old mother came here4 ,our soldiers march through the city4 ,your garden is big4 ,den a noc4 7,look for the words in the vocabulary at the end of the book74 ,den m dvacet tyi hodiny4 7,also tyiadvacet hodin74 ,noc jest ta st dne1 kdy nm slunce nesvt4 ,kdy slunce zapon svtiti1 kme tomu rno1 nebo jitro4 ,poledne jest pl dne2 hodiny ukazuj dvanct hodin4 ,plnoc jest pl noci4 ,odpoledne jest doba mezi polednem a veerem4 ,veer slunce zapad1 tm se4 ,lid se zdrav3 ,dobr jitro6 ,dobr den6 ,dobr odpoledne6 ,dobr veer6 ,dobrou noc6 ,,xv4 ,it is very important that the student of ,bohemian master the declension of nouns1 adjectives1 pronouns and numerals4 ,this is to be acquired not only by memorizing the case endings but also by thorough understanding of the meaning and use of the cases4 ,case questions4 ,to each case a set of questions corresponds1 which help us to determine the case4 ,the boy knows the soldier4 ,who knows the soldier8 ,the boy knows the soldier4 ,whom does the boy know8 ,the boy knows the soldier4 ,we see1 that the question who8 asks for and determines the nominative case1 and the question whom8 asks for and determines the objective case4 ,nominative ,kdo81 co8 who81 what8 ,objective ,koho81 co8 whom81 what8 ,possessive ,koho81 81 eho8 whose81 of what8 ,dative ,komu81 emu8 to whom81 to what8 ,locative ,o kom81 o em8 about whom81 about what8 ,instrumental ,s km81 s m8 with whom81 with what8 ,the last question is used in asking for things1 the first 7and second of the possessive7 is used in asking for animate beings4 ,no question corresponds to the vocative case4 ,this is used in calling somebody1 and has no connection with the sentence4 ,it is inserted in the sentence and separated from it by a comma4 ,the ,use of the ,individual ,cases4 ,the nominative is the case of the subject of a sentence4 ,the objective 7or accusative7 is the case of the direct object of a positive1 transitive verb4 7,transitive verbs express action which is transferred upon something4 ,ex4 to see some one1 to have something etc4 are transitive verbs47 7,intransitive verb3 to go1 jti74 ,negative transitive verbs require their object in the possessive case4 ,vidm matku4 ,i see mother4 ,but3 ,nevidm matky4 ,nemme dlnk4 ,however in modern colloquial ,bohemian this use of the possessive is being replaced by the objective4 ,possessive 7or genitive7 is used as the ,english possessive4 7,in ,bohemian the possessive comes after the name of the possessed object4 ,mother's child4 ,dt matky47 ,the possessive is further used3 b7 to express the object of the negative transitive verb4 c7 to denote parts and quantities1 libra kvy1 sklenice vody4 d7 after numerals higher than four1 after indefinite numerals trochu1 nkolik etc4 nkolik hoch1 trochu vody4 e7 after verbs3 tzati se 7koho7 to ask for information1 dati 7neho7 to demand1 bti se 7koho7 to fear4 f7 after superlative and comparative viz latter lesson4 ,the dative is the case of the indirect object4 7,in translation the ,english preposition to is used mostly to express dative47 ,the dative is used after verbs3 povdati 7komu7 to tell1 viti 7komu7 to believe1 radovati se 7emu7 to rejoice 7something71 uiti se 7emu7 to study a thing1 rovnati se 7komu7 to equal somebody1 viti 7komu7 to believe4 ,the locative case is used only after prepositions4 ,see lesson ,,xvi4 ,the ,instrumental case is used to express an instrument or cause of an action4 ,pi prem4 ,i write with a pen4 ,it is used after a passive verb where in ,english the preposition by denotes actor4 ,bylo to uinno vojkem4 ,it was done by the soldier4 ,it is used where in ,english the preposition through is used4 ,jdu lesem4 ,i walk through the forest4 ,it is used with the preposition s1 with1 along1 to denote association4 ,mluvm s matkou4 ,i talk with the mother4 ,exercise ,i4 ,determine case in following sentences4 ,translate them4 ,dlnku1 zde jsou tv penze4 ,teto1 mme vs rdi4 ,bratr koupil dm4 ,v dom jest nkolik pokoj4 ,koupil jsem buel brambor4 ,dvme se okny4 ,vojci mluvili se sedlky4 ,ume se eskmu jazyku ili etin4 ,po nedli pijde pondl4 ,v zahrad je mnoho kvtin4 ,neuvidm vce bratra4 ,sokol se nebl pna4 ,krvy sedlka jsou tun4 ,dni v zim jsou krtk4 ,dme dar matce4 ,uitel opravil km lohy4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,answer the following questions or complete sentences and determine their cases3 ,kdo mluv ve kole8 ,co jest na stole8 ,kdo m penze8 ,s km mluvte8 m pete8 ,s km jdete8 ,na em le kniha8 ,v em zstvte8 ,o kom mluv sedlk8 ,co mte8 ,koho vidte8 ,koho slyel v bratr8 ,komu vte8 ,komu dte sklenici vody8 emu se divte8 ,stromy eho jsou vysok8 ,,xvi4 ,prepositions4 ,pedloky4 ,the prepositions are followed in ,bohemian by definite cases--v se s jistm pdem4 ,therefore1 to complete the theory of the use of cases we will take in this lesson the study of the prepositions4 ,this study is the more important because the lack of case forms in ,english is made up by suitable prepositions and the use of prepositions in both languages varies considerably4 ,no preposition is used with the first and fifth case4 ,prepositions with the objective4 ,mimo besides1 except1 ,mimo vojky byli tam i oban4 ,besides soldiers there were also civilians4 ,ob 7seldom used now7 expresses a change4 ,ob den41 every second day4 ,pro for4 ,jdu pro svho bratra4 ,i go for my brother4 ,for is used in different sense in ,english than in ,bohemian3 ,for ten cents4 ,za pt cent4 ,train for ,prague4 ,vlak do ,prahy4 ,i worked for two weeks4 ,pracoval jsem po dva tdny4 ,pes1 over1 across4 ,pes pole a lesy4 ,across the fields and the woods4 ,pes noc4 ,over night4 ,pes sto dollar4 ,over hundred dollars4 ,skrze through1 ,skrze ,vs1 through you4 ,prepositions with the possessive4 ,bez without4 ,bez chleba4 ,without bread4 ,dle according to4 ,dle poslednch zprv4 ,according to the latest news4 ,podle 7dle7 zkona4 ,according to the law4 ,vedle next to1 alongside of4 ,vedle naeho domu4 ,next to our house4 ,do in1 into4 ,jdu do msta4 ,i go into the city4 ,dvakrte do roka4 ,twice a year4 ,do is used in different sense in ,bohemian than in ,english4 ,zaplatm to do roka4 ,i'll pay that within a year4 ,to bych do nho neekl4 ,i shouldn't think that of him4 ,nen nm nic do toho4 ,it is not our affair4 ,nen mi do smchu4 ,i do not feel like laughing4 ,jdu do koly4 ,i go to school4 ,krom aside of1 except1 besides4 ,kad den krom nedle4 ,every day except ,sunday4 ,kolem1 about4 ,kolem tla4 ,about the body4 ,kolem poledne4 ,about noon4 ,okolo around4 ,ze okolo zahrady4 ,wall around the garden4 ,but3 el jsem okolo4 ,i went 7passed7 by4 ,msto instead of4 ,msto otce piel syn4 ,instead of the father came the son4 ,od1 from 7somebody74 ,od m matky4 ,from my mother4 od--k1 from--to4 ,od domu k domu4 ,from house to house4 ,u1 at1 by1 ,byl u tety4 ,he was at the aunt's house4 ,stl u domu4 ,he stood by the house4 ,but3 ,at noon4 ,v poledne4 ,at five o'clock4 ,v pt hodin4 ,by sea1 by land4 ,po moi1 po zemi4 ,lmec u kabtu4 ,the collar of the coat4 ,z1 7ze71 out of1 from something4 ,ze eleza4 ,made of iron4 ,but3 ,z bdy4 ,on account of poverty4 ,z jara4 ,in the beginning of the ,spring4 ,z kapsy4 ,out of the pocket4 ,z ,prahy4 ,from ,prague4 ,prepositions with the dative4 ,k1 ke1 ku1 to1 towards4 ,jdu k bratrovi4 ,i go to my brother4 ,ke druh hodin4 ,around 7toward7 two o'clock4 ,proti against4 ,proti nepteli4 ,against the enemy4 ,naproti1 opposite4 ,naproti knihovn4 ,opposite the library4 7,jdu tet naproti4 7,naproti is an adverb here47 ,i go to meet my aunt47 ,prepositions with the locative4 ,o1 about1 ,mluvme o knize4 ,we speak about the book4 ,po1 after1 following4 ,po bratrovi pila sestra4 ,after the brother came the sister4 ,after dinner4 ,po obd4 ,pi1 at1 by1 ,pi hostin4 ,at the banquet4 ,v1 ve1 in1 at1 ,v mst1 in the city4 ,some prepositions are followed by two or even three cases4 ,mezi1 between1 among2 nad1 above2 pod1 under1 below2 ped1 before are followed by the objective when they denote a direction of motion1 in answer to kam8 ,where to8 ,when they denote1 position1 location in answer to kde8 ,where at81 they are followed by the instrumental4 ,jdu mezi lidi 7kam74 ,i go among the people4 ,mezi lidmi 7kde87 ,among the people4 ,slunce vylo nad horu 7kam87 a stoj nad horou 7kde87 ,the sun rose above the mountain and stands above the mountain4 ,schoval se pod stl1 7kam872 jest schovn pod stolem4 7kde87 ,he hid under the table2 he is hidden under the table4 ,vyel jsem ped dm 7kam871 stojm ped domem4 7kde87 ,i stepped before the house4 ,i am standing before the house4 ,,note6 ,ped tdnem4 ,a week ago4 7,tden zptky is an anglicism47 ,na1 on1 v1 in1 is followed by the objective when it denotes a direction of motion in answer to kam8 ,where to82 and is followed by the locative when it denotes a location in answer to kde8 ,where at8 ,dej knihu na stl 7kam87 ,kniha jest na stole 7kde87 ,lay the book on the table4 ,the book lies on the table4 ,v1 connects only rarely with the ob4 ,ex4 ,upadl v nemoc4 ,he became sick4 ,za1 behind1 followed by the accusative in answer to kam8 ,where to8 7direction71 and is followed by the instrumental in answer to kde8 ,where at8 ,position4 ,schovej se za stl 7kam87 ,hide behind the table4 ,sedme za stolem4 ,we sit behind the table4 ,za1 during1 expressing time is followed by the possessive 7genitive74 ,za krsnho dne4 ,during a beautiful day4 ,s1 se1 with when denoting an association is followed by the instrumental4 ,s hochem1 with the boy4 ,s1 se1 off from1 in answer to odkud8 from where81 is followed by the possessive4 ,skoil s vozu4 ,jumped off the wagon4 ,distinguish z1 out of1 z mouky1 and s1 with1 s moukou4 ,when a word is preceded by a preposition1 they both are pronounced as one word and the accent which naturally falls upon the first syllable1 goes over on the preposition4 ,ve'vod4 ,not ve vo'd4 ,in the so-called compound verbs 8ve sloench slovesech0 the prepositions form prefixes1 e4 g4 pijti1 najti4 ,see lesson ,,xxxiv4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english and note the use of prepositions4 ,princezna na hrku4 ,v jednom mst il jeden princ4 ,chtl se oeniti s njakou opravdovou princeznou4 ,vyjel si do svta pro nevstu4 ,mnoho cestoval1 ale nenael1 eho hledal4 ,bylo sice dost princezen1 ale jsou-li to skuten princezny1 nedalo se zjistit4 ,vdycky v tom bylo nco podezelho4 ,i vrtil se dom bez nevsty1 vecek smuten1 protoe by byl rd ml za enu skutenou princeznu4 ,jednou veer nastala hrozn bouka2 blskalo se a hmlo1 lilo se jako z konve1 to bylo stran6 ,tu zaklepal nkdo na dve a star krl vyel otevt4 ,venku ped domem u vrat stla jaks princezna4 ,ale1 pane1 ta vypadala od lijku a bouky6 ,voda tekla j s vlas a se at1 nabrala se j do stevk pikami a patami vytkala ven4 ,a pece tvrdila o sob1 e je pravou princeznou4 8,vak uvidme60 pomyslila si star krlovna4 ,ale nekala nic4 la do lonice1 sala s postele vechny peiny1 poloila je vedle na idli1 pak poloila na dno hrek1 na ten dala dvacet slamnk a jet dvacet prachovch pein4 ,na to pivedla princeznu k posteli1 aby la spt4 ,rno1 kdy pila k sndani1 tu se j ptali1 jak se j to spalo4 8,ale patn10 ekla princezna4 8,celou noc jsem ani oka nezamhouila6 ,co to jen v t posteli bylo8 ,leela jsem na nem tvrdm1 take mm zda sam modiny4 ,to je hrza60 ,te vichni vidli1 e je to skuten princezna protoe skrze dvacet slamnk a dvacet prachovch pein uctila hrek4 ,tak citliv neme bti nikdo ne opravdick princezna4 ,ten princ si ji tedy vzal za enu1 protoe te u vdl1 e m skutenou princeznu4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,go to the baker and buy bread for ten cents6 ,when ,i came with the bread1 we sat down to the table4 ,the baker lives opposite our house4 ,before his door stands a tree4 ,next to him lives a butcher4 ,there are many people in the butcher's store4 ,go for your brother6 ,we went to the park4 ,many birds sat on the trees4 ,we seated ourselves on the bench4 ,they built a house of bricks4 ,take the book off the table4 ,two years ago ,i was in ,france4 ,they called for ,mr4 ,smith4 ,the painting hung on the wall over the piano4 ,the farmer came to town4 ,,xvii4 ,mkk sklonn4 ,the declensions of holub1 strom1 ryba and slovo1 are called hard4 ,the remaining declensions are called soft4 ,the nouns of these declensions end either in a soft consonant or in a neutral one1 which1 however1 has a soft quality4 ,the types of masculine soft declensions are mu for the animate and me for the inanimate4 ,type ,vzor mu man4 ,sing4 ,plural4 ,n4 mu mui 7muov7 ,o4 mue mue ,p4 mue mu1 muv1 ,d4 mui1 muovi mum ,l4 mui much ,i4 muem mui ,v4 mui6 mui1 muov6 ,poznmky k tomuto sklonn4 ,all masculine animate nouns ending in a soft consonant are declined like mu4 ,e4 g4 mal painter1 kov blacksmith4 ,those ending in -ec have movable e in the possessive singular4 otec father1 otce1 kupec merchant1 kupce4 ,these nouns have ote6 kupe6 in the vocative4 ,nouns ending in -tel fall into this declension4 ,ex43 uitel teacher1 kazatel preacher 7plural nom4 uitelov1 kazatelov71 cviitel instructor1 cviitel1 k horse1 plur4 kon1 inst4 plur4 komi4 ,nouns ending in -ce e4 g4 zrdce 7voc4 zrde67 traitor also fall into this declension4 ,in knz priest1 final z changes into in ,n4 ,p4 kn1 ,l4 ,p4 o knch1 ,d4 ,p4 knm4 ,type vzor me1 sword4 sing4 plural ,nom4 me mee ,object4 me mee ,poss4 mee me1 7mev71 ,dat4 mei mem ,loc4 mei mech ,instr4 meem mei ,voc4 mei6 mee6 ,all masculine inanimates ending in a soft consonant are declined like me4 ,ex43 ,ko basket1 n 7noe7 knife1 pl mantle1 pokoj room1 pokoj--mr also means peace2 stroj1 machine4 ,many nouns ending in -l are declined like me1 e4 g4 l1 beehive1 kotel1 boiler4 ,imperative4 ,rozkazovac zpsob4 ,the imperative in ,bohemian has distinctive forms for each of its three persons3 #bnd person singular chval6 ,praise 7thou76 #ast person plural chvalme6 ,let us praise6 #bnd person plural chvalte6 ,praise 7you76 ,in some idiomatic expressions the third person singular of the imperative occurs4 ,dej ,bh6 ,may ,god give4 ,chval kad duch ,hospodina4 ,praise every soul the ,lord6 ,the second person singular is the fundamental imperative form1 the imperative root4 ,the first person plural is formed by the addition of -me1 the second person plural is formed by the addition -te to the imperative root4 ,ex4 chval praise6 chval-me let us praise6 chval-te praise6 7you7 mluv speak6 mluv-me let us speak6 mluv-te speak6 7you7 ,when the second person singular of the imperative ends in -i1 this -i changes into 4 ti6 read6 tme6 let us read6 tte6 read6 jdi6 go6 jdme6 let us go6 jdte6 go6 ,the negative form is made by prefixing ne- to the position4 ,nemluv6 ,don't speak6 ,nemluvme6 ,don't let us speak6 ,nemluvte6 ,don't speak6 ,imperative of verbs studied so far3 volati to call1 volej6 call6 ,znti1 to know1 znej6 know6 dti to give1 dej6 give6 prositi to ask for1 to beg1 pros6 ask6 slyeti to hear1 sly6 hear6 psti to write1 pi6 write6 klepati to knock1 klepej6 knock6 brti to take1 ber6 take6 ,oral exercise4 ,decline3 ,dobr otec1 nov stroj1 mlad uitel1 mal n4 ,exercise ,i4 ,mu nese v koi jablka4 ,zmek se otevr klem4 ,dej mi 7m7 n1 hochu6 etli jsme pohdku o princi a princezn4 ,dobr ptel nad zlato4 ,ptele pozn v netst4 ,v pokoji sed matka a te4 ,jdu k uiteli uiti se sti4 ,na kraji lesa rostou kvtiny4 ,kde jsi nael tolik krsnch kvtin8 ,jdu k lkai4 ,kov kuje elezo4 ,sedlci uvaj mnoho stroj4 ,zavolej otce1 ,josefe6 ,nemluvme1 ale dejme pozor6 ,pite lohu6 ,neberte to6 ,dej pozor1 hochu6 iv bu s rozumem1 obejde se bez lka4 ,biem nepevihne obuku4 ,lep krka v pokoji neli bochnk v rozbroji4 ,zajce v pytli nekupuj4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,the teacher reads us from a book4 ,in the basket are flowers4 ,where is your mantle8 ,we go to our friends4 ,the priest sits in the room4 ,he is reading4 ,the soldiers fight 7bojuj7 with swords4 ,the doctor is not at home4 ,the boy bought some cookies 7kole74 ,please give me a piece of bread4 ,call your father6 ,let's go home1 boys6 ,the strong blacksmith talks with the farmers4 ,april showers bring forth ,may flowers4 ,lost time is never found again4 ,pohdka4 ,byl jeden krl ten dval bl1 pily myky zapskaly1 pavoukov tancovali4 ,pibh' kocour velik1 tu byl konec muziky1 myky se vm ulekly1 up--do drky utekly4 ,,xviii4 ,mkk sklonn enskho rodu4 ,soft declension feminine gender4 ,nouns ending in e or 4 ,type1 vzor re1 rose4 ,singular ,plural4 ,nom4 a ,voc4 re re ,object4 ri re ,poss4 re r ,dat4 ri rm ,loc4 ri rch ,inst4 r remi ,poznmky k tomuto sklonn ,feminine nouns1 ending in the nominative singular in e or belong to this declension4 ,e4 g4 due1 soul1 polovice one half2 all those ending in -yn 7feminine ending7 otrokyn slave woman1 kyn girl pupil1 sokyn woman rival etc4 ,many nouns of this declension have dropped e or in the nominative and objective3 zem 7zem7 earth1 dla palm1 ve passion1 obec1 community4 ,in the possessive plural some nouns of this declension drop 1 especially those ending in -ice1 slepice 7slepic7 hen1 ulice 7ulic71 street4 ,those ending in yn1 use both forms3 bohyn goddess p4 bohyn i bohy of the goddesses4 ,nouns ending in a soft consonant4--,type vzor e1 speech4 ,n4 a ,v4 e ei ,o4 e ei ,p4 ei e ,d4 ei eem ,l4 ei eech ,i4 ei emi4 ,feminine nouns ending in a soft consonant are declined like e4 ,ex43 vc1 thing2 pomoc1 help2 ending in -t3 kost1 bone2 radost1 joy4 ,some nouns of this declension1 especially those ending in -l and -1 form nom4 and instr4 plural like re4 ,ex43 hl1 stick1 hole1 holemi2 dla1 palm1 dlan1 dlanmi2 lo1 ship1 lod1 lodmi4 ,adverbs4 ,pslovce4 ,adverbs modify verbs1 adjectives and other adverbs4 ,pslovce uruj slovesa1 pdavn jmena a pslovce4 ,pslovce zpsobu1 ,adverbs of manner1 odpovdajc na otzku jak8 how8 are often formed from the definite adjectives by replacing the final vowel by -4 ,ex4 siln1 -1 1 strong1 siln1 strongly1 hlasit1 -1 1 loud1 hlasit1 loudly1 nov1 -1 1 new1 nov1 newly1 recently1 patn1 -1 1 bad1 patn1 badly1 piln1 -1 diligent1 piln1 diligently4 ,as shown before1 - changes r into 1 h into z1 ch into and k into c4 dobr good1 dobe well1 vysok high1 vysoce highly1 dlouh long1 dlouze at length1 such dry1 sue dryly1 tich1 tie1 hladk smooth1 hladce smoothly4--,after l1 e is added4 rychl quick1 rychle quickly1 sml audacious1 smle audaciously4 ,imperative of the verb3 to be4 ,rozkazovac zpsob slovesa bti4 ,bu6 be thou1 bume6 bute6 ,verbs ending in first person singular in -i4 ,type pracovati1 to work4 pracuji ,i work1 pracujeme we work1 pracuje you work1 pracujete you work1 pracuje works1 pracuj they work4 ,imperative3 pracuj1 pracujme1 pracujte4 ,verbs of this division3 milovati to love2 kupovati to be buying4 ,oral exercise3 ,decline3 ,drah vlast1 piln kyn1 eck bohyn1 tmav noc4 ,practice in imperatives3 ,b rychle6 bme rychle6 bte rychle6 ,continue as indicated above3 ,dlej to dobe6 ,cho rovn6 ,dej pozor6 7,pay attention76 ,pi svou lohu jasn6 7,write your lesson clearly67 ,bu poslun6 7,be obedient67 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,english3 ,v zahrad kvetla krsn re4 ,mm rd kvtiny4 ,na vlast jsou ,spojen ,stty4 ,koka chytila my4 ,venue byla u ek bohyn krsy4 ,cho do koly a u se6 ,nedej chleba6 ,pime lohy6 ,to jest velik t 7nebo te74 ,nae obec m krsn parky4 ,proste o pomoc6 ,volej ptele6 ,spte6 ,dobrou noc6 ,pracujme piln4 ,bute tie6 ,udlal jste to patn4 dostem zlm a vnm odprejte4 ,jazyk bez kost1 ale kosti lme4 ,pij rychle6 ,v stroj b hladce4 ,dlal jste to patn4 ,pracuj piln6 ,milujme svou vlast4 ,exercise ,,iii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,did you see the little mouse8 ,no ,i didn't see it 7ji74 ,we shall not work during 7v7 the night4 ,let us study6 ,don't take that6 ,did the teacher praise the boy8 ,yes1 he praised him 7ho74 ,the merchants are buying the chickens4 ,give me a few apples4 ,where is the girl with that 7s tou7 beautiful rose8 ,she is in the garden with her lady friend4 ,the boy walks with his friend 7man74 ,vesna was the goddess of ,spring of the old ,bohemians4 ,write clearly6 ,the girl and the boy pupil talk4 ,don't talk6 ,speak loudly6 ,how are you working8 ,i work diligently4 ,the soldier came quickly4 ,you have done that well6 ,necho tam6 ,necho tam1 pr tam1 je tam velk blto4 ,upadne1 nevstane1 bude volat3 ,tto6 ,kysel hrozny6 ,hladov lika uvidla na rv pkn zral hrozny4 ,dostala na n chu6 ,chtla si na nich pochutnati4 ,ale hrozny visely pli vysoko4 ,marn po nich skkala1--nemohla jich doshnouti4 ,kdy vidla1 e jich nedostane1 odela a pravila3 8,ty hrozny jsou pli kysel4 ,a si je j1 kdo chce60 ,zda neuinila lpe1 ne kdyby nakala8 ,,xix4 ,neuter ,declension of soft ending4 ,sklonn stednho rodu mkk vzory4 ,type1 vzor pole1 field4 ,singular ,jednotn ,plural ,mnon4 ,n4 ,v4 pole field pole ,o4 pole pole ,p4 pole pol ,d4 poli polm ,l4 poli polch ,i4 polem poli ,neuter nouns ending in e or 1 singular and plural belong to this declension4 ,some nouns of this declension3 moe sea1 nebe heavens1 loe bed1 ohnit fire place1 vejce egg 7this has possessive plural vajec71 plce lungs1 plic poss4 plural1 poledne noon1 loc4 sing4 o polednch1 v poledne4 ,type1 vzor kue1 chicken jedn4 slo4 mnon slo4 ,n4 ,v4 kue chicken kuata ,o4 kue kuata ,p4 kuete kuat ,d4 kueti kuatm ,l4 kueti kuatech ,i4 kuetem kuaty ,according to this declension the names of young animals are declined4 ,ex43 pte1 young bird1 holoub1 squab1 hb1 colt4 ,further3 neutral nouns ending in -e1 plural -ata1 ,ex43 vnoue grandchild1 kne duke1 poup bud1 dve girl1 kot broom4 ,dt child1 is declined in singular like kue1 in plural like e4 ,n4 dti1 ,v4 and ,o4 dti1 ,p4 dt1 ,d4 dtem1 ,l4 dtech1 ,i4 dtmi4 ,type vzor rm1 arm4 ,singular ,plural ,n4 ,v4 rm ramena ,o4 rm ramen ,p4 ramene ramen ,d4 rameni ramenm ,l4 rameni ramenech ,i4 ramenem rameny ,this declension resembles greatly that of the type kue1 the t in the plural is1 however1 replaced by n4 ,neuter nouns ending in -m follow this declension4 ,some nouns of this declension3 bm burden1 sm 7semena7 seeds4 ,but these nouns have also new forms nom4 sing4 rameno1 semeno1 bemeno and are then declined like msto4 ,type1 vzor letter1 psan4 ,the first five cases and ,v4 singular3 psan ,the instrumental singular psanm ,n4 ,v4 ,o4 ,p4 plural psan ,d4 0 psanm ,l4 0 psanch ,i4 0 psanmi4 ,all nouns ending in are declined like psan4 ,examples3 ,neuter nouns3 zbo goods1 znamen sign1 etc4 ,masculine nouns3 ,ji ,george1 pondl ,monday1 z ,september4 ,feminine nouns3 pan lady 7instrumental sing4 pan67 ,all so called verbal nouns 7they are all neuter7 kreslen drawing1 pit drinking etc4 ,oral exercise3 ,decline3 ,krasn pan1 siln rm1 hodn dt1 erstv vejce4 ,complete in all #c persons s4 and p43 ,kupuji ovoce1 kupuje ovoce4 ,miluji svou matku4 ,uvidl jsem dt4 ,exercise ,i4 ,pi svou 7your own7 lohu ist a pozorn6 ,matka si hrla s hodnm dttem4 ,sedlci pracuj piln na polch4 ,lod pluj po moi4 ,kde jste koupil hb8 ,jdi rychle a pines mi to krsn rov poup6 ,hvzdy svt jasn na nebi4 ,jdi do krmu a pines ticet vajec6 ,udlme z nich dobr obd4 ,kuchaka je v kuchyni a va4 ,dti pily pro ko kvtin4 ,v pokoji jest pkn obraz4 ,smlmu tst peje4 ,lenochu nejlpe domlouvati dubovmi slovy4 ,doufej smle1 dokud due v tle4 ,vesel mld vesele si vede4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,the careless boy lost his coat and cap4 ,do ,jennie and ,joseph study diligently8 ,fred skates rapidly and gracefully4 7spanile47 ,did the man speak poorly or well8 ,a child should keep quiet 7m bti tie7 when old persons are present4 ,a good general must be a brave man4 ,,xx4 ,vjimky ve sklonn4 ,exceptions in declensions4 ,dual4 ,dvojn slo4 ,the old ,bohemian had well developed forms of dual number1 used when speaking of two things or persons4 ,in modern ,bohemian the dual survived only with some names of parts of body occurring in pairs 7and with the numeral sto1 hundred74 ,feminine ,gender4 ,ruka--hand1 noha--foot1 declined in the singular like ryba4 ,when speaking of the following parts of the human body1 however1 the dual forms must be used3 ,nom41 ,ob4 ,voc4 ruce nohy ,possessive and ,locative rukou nohou ,dative rukm nohm ,inst4 rukama nohama4 ,neuter ,gender4 ,oko eye1 ucho ear1 are declined in the ,singular like slovo4 ,dual forms3 ,nom4 ,voc4 and ,object4 oi ui ,possessive o u ,dat4 om um ,locative och uch ,instr4 oima uima koleno knee1 declined like slovo1 the dual forms only in the poss4 and loc4 cases3 kolenou4 ,plural nouns1 ,pomnon podstatn jmna3 ,these nouns exist only in the plural3 dvee door1 declined like re1 kamna stove1 declined like 7rm7 ramena1 ,i41 kamny1 nky scissors1 declined like ryba1 penze money1 7penz coin7 like me1 poss4 penz4 ,further exceptions3 ptel1 friend1 neptel enemy1 declined like mu1 in singular1 but in plural ,n4 and ,v4 ptel1 ,o4 ptele1 ,p4 ptel ,d4 ptelm1 ,loc4 ptelch1 ,i4 pteli4 lovk 7human being7 declined like holub1 plural lid people1 declined like e4 ,lid is people taken collectively2 n lid our people1 nai lid1 our people taken individually4 ,den is declined in the singular like me1 excep4 loc4 ve dne6 ,plural ,n4 and ,v4 dni1 ,o4 dni also dny1 ,p4 dn also dnv4 ,dat4 dnm also dnm1 ,loc4 dnech1 ,inst4 dny2 tden week1 declines like den4 ,instead of tden nedle 7,sunday71 is used for week4 ,za pt nedl or za pt tdn4 ,after five weeks4 ,plural of nebe 7heavens7 nebesa1 it is in plural declined like slovo4 7,stem nebes74 ,in sing4 nebe is declined like pole4 ,lesson ,,xix4 ,mkk sklonn pdavnch jmen4 ,soft declension of adjectives4 ,adjectives of this declension end in the nominative for all three genders singular and plural in 4 ,declension dobr--1 is called tvrd1 hard4 ,masculine and neuter feminine ,nom4 and ,vocative severn severn ,object4 7masc4 anim47 severnho severn 7neuter masc4 in47 severn ,possessive severnho severn ,dative severnmu severn ,locative severnm severn ,instrumental severnm severn ,plural of all three genders3 ,nom4 and ,vocative severn ,objective severn ,possessive severnch ,dative severnm ,locative severnch ,instrumental severnmi ,note that persists in all cases for all genders in both the singular and the plural4 ,the feminine singular ends in all the cases in 4 ,most of these adjectives of the soft declension are formed from the nouns and may be rendered into ,english by the possessive of the corresponding noun1 by corresponding adjectives1 or by a noun in the nominative4 ,ex43 ,sever1 north2 severn1 of the north1 northern north4 severn plodiny produce of the north4 severn hranice northern boundary4 severn vtr north wind1 also northerly wind4 ryba fish1 ryb maso fish meat1 meat of the fish4 sever north1 severn northern1 jih south1 jin southern1 zpad west1 zpadn westerly1 western1 vchod east1 vchodn easterly1 eastern4 noc night1 non nightly1 den day1 denn daily2 jaro1 spring2 jarn1 vernal2 lto1 summer2 letn1 of the summer2 podzim1 fall2 podzimn1 autumnal2 zima1 winter2 zimn1 wintry2 rno1 morning2 rann1 of the early morning2 veer1 evening2 veern1 of the evening4 medvd ke1 bear's skin2 osl kik donkey's cries4 horn1 upper2 spodn lower2 pedn the front one2 zadn the rear-hind one2 posledn the last 7one74 stedn or prostedn the middle one4 ,idiomatic ,expressions--,osobit ren4 ,lbiti se1 to like1 used only in third person1 lb se4 ,ta vc se mi lb4 ,i like that thing4 ,to se mi do nho lb1 or to se mi pi nm lb4 ,i like that of him4 ,lbiti se is similar to mti rd4 ,see lesson ,,xi4 ,but mm rd1 m rd etc4 se uv o osobch1 is used in regard to persons1 whereas vci 7things7 se nm lb1 lbiti se 7nkomu7 is followed by the dative4 ,j rd nco dlm ''' ,i gladly do certain work4 ,dti se1 to commence4 ,dalo se do det4 ,it commenced to rain4 ,dal jsem se do prce4 ,i commenced to work4 ,oral exercise3 ,complete in all persons singular and plural3 ,j rd cestuji 7,i like to travel47 ,ztra se dm do uen4 ,lb se mi to8 ,rd bruslm 7,i like to skate74 ,decline3 ,jarn den1 posledn penze1 prav ruka4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,m vdy mluviti pravdu4 ,co mm dlati8 ,neml m zaplatiti4 ,divadlo se nm velmi lbilo4 ,dali se do pit a hodovn4 ,msc svtil jako ryb oko4 ,lesn vely pebvaj v dutch stromech4 ,jak poun jest pozorovati hvzdy za dlouhch letnch noc6 ,dej pozor na zadnho ka4 ,palmy rostou v jinch krajinch1 tropickmi zvanch4 ,z oslch k se dl pergamen4 ,m star sestra piln pracuje4 ,rann pte dl doske4 ,chva chod s dtmi na prochzku4 ,dt zatleskalo rukama4 ,z jeho ernch o zila radost4 ,slyme uima4 ,v kamnech ho ohe4 ,pes leel za kamny4 ,dob ptel jsou drah poklad4 ,za pknch jarnch dn je radost pobti 7to stay7 v prod4 ,tv ruce nejsou ist4 ,byl tak nemocen1 e se sotva drel na nohou4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,did you like the book8 ,i like my instructors4 ,you have to bring your books4 ,i didn't like that4 ,in the western part of our country are high mountains4 ,the autumn days are days of quiet sunshine4 8,an artist10 said ,michael ,angelo1 8must have his measuring tools not in the hand1 but in the eye40 ,the early bird catches the worm4 ,nestejn ddictv4 ,bohat kupec ml dva syny4 ,star z nich byl otcovm milkem a otec chtl mu odkzati vecko sv jmn4 ,matka litovala mladho syna a prosila mue1 aby synm nekal1 dokud nebude nutno1 jak je rozdlil1 nebo doufala1 e se j poda njak oba porovnati4 ,kupec j poslechl a neprozradil synm svj mysl4 ,kdysi matka sedla u okna a plakala4 ,piel k n soused a tzal se1 pro ple4 ,ona odpovdla3 8,jak nemm plakati8 ,oba synov jsou stejn a otec chce jednomu odkzati vecko a druhmu nic4 ,prosila jsem mue1 aby synm nekal1 jak se rozhodl1 dokud bych si nevymyslila1 jak bych mladmu mohla pomoci40 ,soused odvtil3 8,mm pro tebe lehkou pomoc4 ,jdi1 povz synm1 e star dostane ve a mlad nic1 a oni se porovnaj40 ,mlad syn1 jak uslyel1 e nebude mti dnho majetku1 odeel do ciziny1 piln se tam uil a vzdlal se ve vdch i v emeslech4 ,star vak zstal doma1 il s otcem a neuil se niemu1 protoe vdl1 e bude bohat4 ,kdy otec umel1 star syn1 protoe nic neuml1 brzy utratil vecko jmn sv1 kdeto mlad nauil se v cizin vydlvati a brzy zbohatl svou prac a piinnm4 ,dle ,tolstho4 ,review exercise3 ,study and classify the verbs4 ,translate4 ist rozum maj ti1 kte vodu pij4 ,k slub se nevtrej1 jsi-li podn1 neodepi4 ,j myji mouenna1 oni myj cihlu4 ,kdy hra nejlep1 pesta6 ,kde t lidi nezvou1 nehr se6 ,na chytrho mrkni1 hloupho trkni4 enk nadchl posluchae dobrou e4 ,velk eka tie plyne1 mal s umem b4 ,kdo se nechce mrzeti1 u se jazyk dreti4 ,a vypereme1 povsme prdlo1 aby uschlo4 ,zlato nemluv1 ale psobiti me4 ,hodn s hodnm se ptel4 ,kad rd na svj mln vody nahn4 m srdce peplnno1 tm sta petekou4 lovk pichz slab na svt4 ,neutrcme penz zbyten4 ,nekupuji1 eho nepotebuji4 ,mistr mistru nerad ukazuje4 ,pracuj kad s chut usilovnou na nroda roli ddin1 cesty nae mohou bti rozlin1 jenom vli mjme vichni rovnou4 ,kollar4 ,,xxi4 ,,the ,,verb4--,,sloveso4 ,the infinitive of all the ,bohemian verbs--with very few exceptions--ends in ti4 ,when we detach this suffix -ti from the infinitive of the ,bohemian verb we get the infinitive stem--kmen neuritho zpsobu4 ,this infinitive stem of the ,bohemian verb 7and as a matter of fact of verbs of all the ,slavic tongues7 has six different forms according to which the philologists divide the ,bohemian 7and all the ,slavic7 verbs into six classes4 ,in this book1 however1 for practical reasons1 the verbs will be divided according to the endings of the present indicative into four groups1 and further subdivided according to the infinitive1 imperative and participle forms4 ,verbs whose present indicative or participle is formed by changes of the root will be treated as irregular4 ,example3 jti1 to go2 jdu1 ,i go2 el jsem1 ,i went4 ,the classification used in this book was conceived in order to simplify the task of the student in mastering the ,bohemian verb4 ,the present indicative 7identical with the simple future7 is not only the most important tense but it is the only tense with fully developed personal endings4 ,the imperative endings -me1 -te are also endings of the present4 ,all other tenses are compounded4 ,the philological division into six classes is based upon the historical grammar4 ,present indicative endings of the ,bohemian verb4 ,i4 group ,sing4 ,plural -u -eme -e -ete -e -ou ,,ii4 group ,sing4 ,plural -m -me - -te - -aj ,,iii4 group ,sing4 ,plural -m -me - -te - - or j ,,iv4 group ,sing4 ,plural - -eme -e -ete -e - ,the main forms of the ,bohemian verbs are3 ,the infinitive 7neurit zpsob7 ending in -ti4 ,the present indicative1 ptomn as oznamovacho zpsobu1 its endings are given above4 ,past participle minul pest see lesson ,,vii4 ,ex4 psal ,passive participle trpn pest see lesson ,,xxxvi4 ,ex4 chvlen ,imperative rozkazovac zpsob see lesson ,,xvii4 ,ex4 pi6 ,gerunds ,pechodnky see lesson ,,xxxviii4 ,ex4 chvliv1 chvle ,verbal nouns1 ,slovesn podstatn jmna see lesson ,,xxxvii4 ,ex4 chvlen ,the various verbal forms are derived from a stem4 ,this stem is obtained by detaching the personal endings4 ,ex43 trp-m1 trp-1 trp-1 stem of the present ind4 trp4--,trp-l1 trp-la1 trp-n1 participle stem trp4 ,the root of the verb is that part present in all forms of regular verbs4 ,trp is the root of the verb trpti4 ,the past and passive participles agree in gender and number with their subjects4 ,hoch nesl4 ,hoi nesli4 ,hoch byl nesen4 ,hoi byli neseni4 ,dve neslo4 ,zvata nesla4 ,dve bylo neseno4 ,dvata byla nesena4 ,in the imperative1 the first form 7#bnd person singular7 is the imperative stem4 ,the other forms 7see lesson ,,xvii47 are formed by the suffixes -me and -te4 ,,first ,,group4 ,a4 ,vzor nsti1 to carry1 to bear4 ,infinitive ns-ti ,imperative nes6 ,present indicative nesu nese nese neseme nesete nesou ,past participle nes-l -la -lo ,minul pechodnk -li -ly -la ,passive participle nesen -na -no ,trpn pechodnk -ni -ny -na ,root1 infinitive1 stem1 past participle stem3 nes4 ,some verbs of this conjugation3 vzti to haul2 lzti to crawl4 ,b4 vzor vinouti1 to wind4 ,infinitive vinou-ti ,imperative vi6 ,present indicative vinu1 vine1 vine vineme1 vinete1 vinou ,past participle vinu-l1 -la1 -lo -li1 -ly1 -la ,passive participle vinut4 7,root is vin1 infinitive stem vinou-1 participle stem vinu-74 ,some verbs of this conjugation3 minouti to pass by2 stanouti to stop1 to stand2 vzpomenouti to think of1 to remember2 vanouti 7vtr7 to blow 7the wind74 ,c4 ,vzor tisknouti1 to print1 to press4 ,infinitive tisknou-ti ,imperative tiskni61 tisknme61 tisknte6 ,present indicative tisknu tiskne tiskne tiskneme tisknete tisknou ,past participle tiskl -la -lo -li -ly -la ,passive participle titn ,recent forms 7novotvary7 tisknul -la -lo -li -ly -la ,passive participle tisknut ,the root and the participle stem tisk infinitive stem tisknu4 ,vzor tisknouti li se 7differs7 od vinouti v imperativ 7tiskni74 ,v minulm pechodnku dle novotvar se rovn vzoru minouti1 star tvary vypoutj -nu4 ,slovesa tohoto asovn3 7,verbs of this conjugation73 dotknouti1 7dotkl1 doten7 to touch2 nadchnouti1 7nadchl1 naden7 to inspire2 thnouti1 7thl1 taen7 to pull1 to drag2 zamknouti1 7zamkl1 zamen7 to lock2 padnouti1 7padl1 napaden7 to fall4 ,novotvary dotknul1 nadchnul1 thnul1 zamknul1 padnul4 ,slovesa hnouti to move1 usnouti to fall asleep1 maj -nu- vdy2 hnul1 pohnut1 usnul4 ,d4 vzor vsti to lead4 ,infinitive vsti ,imperative ve6 ,present indicative vedu vede vede vedeme vedete vedou ,past participle vedl -la -lo -li -ly -la ,passive participle veden ,the root and the infinitive and participle stem ends in d1 or t1 vedu1 pletu4 ,the original infinitive in old ,bohemian was vedti1 pletti4 ,slovesa tohoto asovn3 plsti 7pletu7 to knit1 to braid2 krsti 7kradu7 to steal2 kvsti 7kvetu7 to bloom2 klsti 7kladu7 to place1 to put4 ,,second ,,group4 ,pouze jeden vzor3 volati1 to call4 ,infinitive vola-ti ,imperative volej6 ,present indicative volm vol vol volme volte volaj ,past participle volal -la -lo -li -ly -la ,passive participle voln ,slovesa tohoto asovn3 dlati1 to do1 to make2 dvati 7dvm7 to be giving2 dti 7dm7 to give2 pskati1 to whistle2 lmati1 to break2 hledati1 to look for1 to search2 nechati1 to let1 to leave2 znti1 to know4 ,many compound verbs originally from other groups come into this conjugation1 e4 g4 slyeti slym1 but slchati slchm use to hear2 moci1 mohu1 to can1 pemhati1 pemhm1 to overcome1 krti1 kryji1 to cover1 pikrvati1 pikrvm1 to cover up4 ,,third ,,group4 ,a4 ,vzor prositi1 to ask for1 to beg4 ,infinitive prosi-ti ,imperative pros6 ,present indicative prosm pros pros prosme proste pros ,past participle prosil -la -lo -li -ly -la ,passive participle proen ,nkter slovesa tohoto asovn3 bydliti1 to live imp4 bydli6 bydleme6 initi1 imp4 i6 to do2 hoditi1 imp4 ho6 passive hozen1 to throw2 kaziti kaz6 pass1 kaen to spoil12 praviti prav6 to say1 passive praveno2 pustiti pus6 putn to let go1 to loosen2 vaiti va6 vaeno1 to cook2 zlobiti to anger4 ,verbs of this class with long root vowel1 shorten this in imperative3 e4 g4 chvliti 7chval67 to praise2 vrtiti 7vra7 passive vrceno to return2 pliti 7pal7 pass4 pleno to fire1 to burn4 ,b4 vzor dreti to hold4 ,infinitive dre-ti ,imperative dr6 ,infinitive drm dr dr drme drte dr ,past participle drel -la -lo -li -ly -la ,passive participle dren ,slovesa tto tdy3 hoeti1 to burn2 letti1 to fly2 leeti1 to lay2 sedti1 to sit2 slyeti1 to hear2 veleti1 to command2 vidti1 to see4 ,c4 vzor umti1 to know4 ,infinitive um-ti ,imperative umj6 ,present indicative umm um um umme umte umj ,past participle uml -la -lo -li -ly -la ,passive participle umn ,slovesa tto tdy3 boleti1 to pain2 hanti1 to blame2 smti1 to be allowed2 zkoueti1 to try4 ,some verbs have long root vowels in the root3 szeti to plant2 szej1 szm1 szel1 hzeti to throw2 krjeti to cut1 shnti to gather together4 ,note that imperative is umj6 szej6 etc4 and third person plur4 umj1 szej etc4--,note the difference from verbs in ,a4 and ,b4 in these forms4 ,,fourth ,,group4 ,a4 vzor milovati1 to love4 ,infinitive milova-ti ,imperative miluj6 ,present indicative miluji miluje miluje milujeme milujete miluj ,past participle miloval -la -lo -ly -ly -la ,passive participle milovn ,some verbs of this conjugation3 budovati to build2 kupovati to buy2 malovati to paint2 budovati to build4 ,b4 vzor1 bti1 to strike1 to hit4 ,infinitive bti ,imperative bij6 ,present indicative biji bije bije bijeme bijete bij ,past participle bil -la -lo -li -ly -la ,passive participle bit ,verbs of this declension3 krti to cover2 mti to wash2 pti to drink2 ti to sew2 ti to live4 ,colloquially the people say for the first person3 biju1 miluju1 and for the third person bijou1 milujou4 ,exercise ,i4 ,study the verb forms in the following sentences4 ,into what group does each belong8 ,vary their tenses1 moods and their number3 ,jdeme do koly a neseme s sebou sv knihy4 ,vy jdete1 ale bohat se vezou4 ,housenka leze na strom1 aby orala lupen4 ,nemohl jsem si vzpomenouti1 jak se jmenuje4 ,kdo se nechce mrzeti1 u se jazyk dreti4 ,od severu vanul chladn vtr4 ,vytisknte mi prosm tyto letky 7leaflets74 ,zamkni a dej mi kl6 ,padne-li vsta1 uin-li chybu1 naprav ji4 ,rip ,van ,winkle usnul v horch a spal mnoho let4 ,na jae stromy budou kvsti4 ,dvata pletla kabty pro vojky4 ,nesmme krsti4 ,neslym1 co pravte4 ,slyel jsi mne8 eknte mi1 prosm1 kudy se jde na trh4 ,veer budeme vaiti a po veei se budeme uiti4 ,nechval dne ped veerem6 ,ve kole jsme slchali1 e prce jest zkladem vekerho tst a nyn vidme1 e jest to pravda4 ,na noc se pikrvme pikrvkou4 ,smme jti na prochzku8 ,nesmte1 jest zima6 ,na zimu ptci let na jih4 ,hle1 abys konal svou prci ist4 ,vidm1 e mte pravdu4 ,sedni si a dvej pozor4 ,ve kole budujeme svoji budoucnost4 ,rd bych maloval1 avak nedovedu toho4 ijeme v ,americe a bydlme v mst ,chicagu4 ,s bohem1 ijte blaze6 ,lituji1 e ,vs nemohu navtviti4 ,dve miluje pkn aty4 ,nebij slabch4 ,umyla jsi si ruce8 ,a stromy vyrostou1 pot ns4 ,podej mi tu knihu2 rd bych se na ni podval4 ,hoi vedou kon na pastvu4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,write sentences in the present1 past and future tense1 using various verbs given in this lesson4 ,,xxii4 ,the ,conditional4--,podmiovac zpsob4 ,the ,bohemian verb has no subjunctive mood4 ,the ,conditional or indicative moods with proper conjunction express the condition1 wish1 doubt or concession4 ,conditional auxiliary4--,pomocn podmiovac slvko bych4 j bych1 ,i would my bychom1 we would ty bys1 you would vy byste1 you would on1 ona1 ono by1 he1 she1 it would oni1 ony1 ona by1 they would 7,bych1 bys1 is a survival of the ancient aorist of ,old ,bohemian74 ,the ,conditional is compounded from the conditional auxiliary and past participle4 ,the participle agrees with its subject in gender and number in the same way as in the past tense4 ,examples3 ,j jsem psal1 ,i wrote 7masc47 ,j bych psal1 ,i should write 7masc47 ,j jsem psala1 ,i wrote 7fem47 ,j bych psala1 ,i should write 7fem47 ,on by psal1 ,he would write ,plur4 ,oni by psali1 ,they would write 7m47 ,ona by psala1 ,she would write ,plur4 ,ony by psaly1 ,they would write 7f47 ,ty bys ml1 ,you would have 7m47 ,ty bys mla1 ,you would have 7fem47 ,hoch by pracoval4 ,the boy would work4 ,dvka by pracovala4 ,the girl would work4 ,mno4 s4 ,hoi by pracovali4 ,dvky by pracovaly4 ,conditional of the verb bti1 to be4--,podmiovac zpsob slovesa bti4 ,j bych byl1 ,i should be ,my bychom byli1 ,we should be ,ty bys byl1 ,you would be ,vy byste byli1 ,you would be ,on by byl1 ,he would be ,oni by byli1 ,they would be ,ona by byla1 ,she would be ,ony by byly1 ,they would be ,ono by bylo1 ,it would be ,ona by byla1 ,they would be4 ,kdybych1 ,if ,i2 kdybys1 ,if you2 kdyby1 if2 kdybychom1 ,if we2 kdybyste1 ,if you4 7,kdy--when74 ,kdybych 7kdy--bych74 ,kdybys se uil1 nebyl bys trestn4 ,if you studied1 you wouldn't be punished4 ,nekal bych to1 kdybych to nevdl4 ,i shouldn't say so1 if ,i didn't know it4 ,kdybych1 kdybys etc41 introduce dependent conditional clauses4 ,oral exercise3 ,complete3 ,j bych byl ve kole1 ty bys byl ve kole etc4 ,kdybych to nevdl4''' ,j bych nemluvila4''' ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,ovk ene sv stdo na pastvu4 ,co neme rozvzati1 petrhni4 ,nepi se se starmi lidmi4 ,jezme a pijme a bume vesel4 ,co nechce aby ti jin inili1 nei jinm4 ,renka se probudila a usmla se4 ,kdybys osla do ,pae vedl1 konm se nestane4 ,kdyby neprelo1 li bychom si hrti do zahrady4 ,rd bych to uinil1 kdybych sml4 ,kdybys etil1 ml bys penze4 ,kdybys lhal1 nebudou t lid mti rdi4 ,my bychom jedli i chudou stravu1 ale ani t nemme4 ,on by to nekal1 kdyby to jist nevdl4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,if ,i had money ,i would go to ,washington4 ,if he were a man he would defend the weak4 ,i should like to go with you but unfortunately 7na netst7 ,i have little time4 ,if you would pay attention you would succeed4 ,if they hadn't helped us we should never have finished4 ,nepravideln slovesa4--,irregular verbs4 ,the irregularity of the ,bohemian verbs consists in changes in the root when forming the various tenses4 ,nepravidelnost u eskch sloves se jev ve zmnch kmene4 ,nepravideln slovesa jsou seazena dle koncovek v ptomnm ase4 ,infinitive1 first person of the present indicative4--,imperative1 7#bnd person singular1 the imperative1 stem7 past participle and passive participle are given4 ,wherever necessary on account of further irregularities other persons of mentioned tenses or moods are given4 ,where the passive of some verbs is not used except in derived 7compound7 form1 such derived form is substituted4 ,ex43 jeti1 pejet4 ,the same is true of some imperative forms4 ,ex43 moci1 pomoz6 ,infinitive ,pres4 ind4 ,imp4 ,past part4 ,pass4 part4 brti1 to take beru1 be be6 7ber67 bral brn 7bere71 be 7bere71 beme1 7bereme71 bete 7berete71 berou sti1 to read tu1 ti1 tme6 etl ten jeti1 to ride1 jedu1 je6 jel pejet to go run over jti1 to go jdu1 jdi6 el1 la1 lo1 li1 ly1 la lhti1 to lie lu1 le1 leme1 li6 lhal pelhn lou deceived by lies moci1 to be able mohu1 me1 me1 pomoz6 mohl mocen meme1 mete1 7help67 mohou pci1 to roast1 peku1 pee1 pee1 pec6 pekl peen to bake peeme1 peete1 pekou pti se1 to pu se pi se6 pel se popen dispute denied rsti1 to grow rostu1 7ros67 rostl 7u7mti1 to mru1 me1 me1 umi6 umel die meme1 mete1 mrou hnti1 to drive enu1 e6 hnal hnn mti1 to have mm mj6 ml ci1 to say ku1 but other rci1 ekni6 ekl1 een forms of vykl kati--km bti se1 to bojm se1 boj se6 bl se obvn fear bti1 to be jsem1 jsi1 jest bu6 byl 7nen71 jsme1 jste1 jsou dti1 to say dm1 dl jsti1 to eat jm1 j1 j1 jez6 jedl snden jme1 jte1 jed spti1 to sleep spm1 7#c4 p4 sp7 spi6 spal stti1 to stand stojm stj6 stl vdti1 to know vm1 v1 v1 vz6 vdl vme1 vte1 vd chtti1 to want chci1 chce1 chce1 chtj6 chtl chtn chceme1 chcete1 chtj psti1 to write pi--#c4 p4 p pi6 psal psn smti se1 to smji se smj se6 sml se vysmn laugh #c4 p4 smj se tzati se1 to ti se--#c4 p4 ta se6 tzal se tzn ask t se ,vdnost k rodim4 ,kdybych hodn zlata ml ,na irokm statku1 ,vecko bych to dti chtl ,za svou milou matku4 ,kdybych velkm pnem byl1 ,ml svt ve sv moci1 ,prostm bych se atem kryl1 ,bych jen pispl otci4 ,,xxiii4 ,skloovn nmstek4--,declension of pronouns4 ,singular ,plural ,nom4 and ,voc4 ,j ,i my us ,object4 mne1 m me ns us ,possessive mne of me ns of us ,dative mn1 mi to me nm to us ,local 7o7 mn 7about7 me ns in us ,instrumental 7se7 mnou 7with7 me nmi with us ,singular ,plural ,nom4 and ,voc4 ty thou1 or you vy you ,objective tebe1 t you vs you ,possessive tebe of you vs of you ,dative tob1 ti to you vm to you ,locative tob about you vs about you ,instrumental tebou with you vmi with you ,reflective pronoun--se1 si--,vztan nmstka--se1 si4 ,j jsem se zl1 ,i cut myself4 ,ty jsi se zl1 you cut yourself4 ,on se zl1 he cut himself4 ,vezmu si to4 ,i'll take it4 ,koupil jsem si to4 ,i bought it for myself4 ,ona si hraje4 ,she plays4 ,my jsme se poranili4 ,we hurt ourselves4 ,vy jste se poranili4 ,you hurt yourselves4 ,oni se poranili4 ,they hurt themselves4 ,si is the dative case of se and is required after certain verbs4 ,the reflective se1 si accompanies the so called reflective verbs4 ,it is invariable for all the three persons in the singular and plural4 ,se1 si is used very frequently in ,bohemian and seldom has an equivalent in ,english4--,ex43 ,smji se1 ,i laugh4 ,my si hrajeme1 ,we play4 ,oni se perou1 they fight4 ,co se stalo8 ,what happened8 ,reflexive sentences with se1 si are often rendered into ,english by the passive form of the verb4 ,sometimes the aux4 get1 become1 expresses si1 se4 ,zde se prodv cukr4 ,sugar is sold here4 ,ltka se zneistila detm4 ,the cloth got soiled by rain4 ,rozzlobil jsem se4 ,i became angry4 ,ses2 sis4 ,nsledujc zkratky se uvaj v druh osob jednotnho sla4--,following abbreviations are used in second person singular3 ,instead of jsi se is used ses4 ,ty ses 7jsi se7 dobe uil4 ,you have studied well4 ,ty ses 7jsi se7 zmlil4 ,you have made an error4 ,instead of jsi si is used sis4 ,ty sis 7jsi si7 to nepamatoval4 ,you didn't remember it4 ,kdyby sis 7jsi si7 dal lep pozor4 ,if you paid better attention4 ,chci1 aby sis 7jsi si7 to pamatoval4 ,i wish that you remember it4 ,we hear in colloquial ,bohemian j sem1 instead of j jsem4 ,my sme instead of my jsme etc4 ,this dropping of j in present indicative of the verb bti is inadmissible in correct ,bohemian4 ,moreover3 jsem--am1 but sem1 here1 hither4 ,declension of se for all three genders4 ,sing4 and ,plur4 ,nom4 and ,voc4 se ,objective se1 sebe ,possessive sebe ,dative sob1 si ,locative sob ,instrumental sebou ,reflexive pronoun 7and its possessive form svj1 sv1 sv7 refer to the subject of the sentence or clause in which they stand4 ,examples3 ,koupil jsem 7j7 knihu pro tebe4 ,i bought the book for you4 ,koupil jsem knihu pro sebe4 ,i bought the book for myself4 ,pomyslil si4 ,he thought to himself4 ,my se tu deme a on si tam le v chldku4 ,here we exert ourselves and he is lying there in the shade4 ,nemysli si to6 ,don't imagine that6 ,mluv o tob4 ,mluv o sob4 ,he speaks of you4 ,he speaks of himself4 ,zn sm sebe4 ,he knows himself4 ,u samch dve4 ,at the very door4 7,sm1 alone1 self1 very1 used here to emphasize sebe74 ,to se rozum samo sebou4 ,that's understood 7by itself or on account of its very nature74 ,m1 t1 mi1 ti1 si are enclitics4 ,they cannot be used at the beginning of the sentence nor can they be employed after preposition4 ,therefore ke mn1 pro tebe1 u sebe1 v tob etc4 ,mn1 tob1 tebe1 sebe1 are stronger forms4 ,they are to be used at the beginning of sentences4 ,mn tst plo4 ,fortune smiled upon me4 ,podmiovac zpsob elu1 myslu a povinnosti4 ,conditional of purpose1 intention and duty4 ,abych1 that ,i1 or in order that ,i2 abys1 that you2 abychom1 that we2 abyste1 that you2 for third person aby4 ,pracovali1 aby vydlvali penze4 ,they worked in order to make money4 ,peji si1 abys piel4 ,i wish that you would come4 dal mne1 abych to udlal4 ,he asked me to do it4 ,the ,bohemian conditional of purpose may be translated by an infinitive4 ,ml bych1 ,i should1 ,i ought2 ml bys1 ml by2 mli bychom1 we should1 we ought2 mli byste1 mli by4 ,rd bych etl tu knihu4 ,i should like to read that book4 ,byl byste tak laskav a pjil mn ji8 ,would you be so kind as to lend it to me8 ,zajist1 s radost6 ,certainly1 with pleasure6 ,exercise ,i4 dal jsem t1 abys mi pomohl4 ,starej se sm o sebe6 ,dm si podruh pozor4 ,jan piel ke mn vera veer4 ,ukzal mi knihu1 kterou dostal od tebe4 ,mluvili jsme o tob4 ekl1 e byl s tebou na vlet4 ,j bych si tak pl1 abys el se mnou ven do prody4 ,kdo sed vedle tebe ve kole8 ,kdo to o mn ekl8 ,neml bys bti tak nepozornm4 ,to ti nemohu ci1 nebo to nevm4 ,kdybych to vdl1 rd bych ti to ekl4 ,on si koupil dm4 ,m cel dm pro sebe4 ,nemli byste pti vodu1 kdy jste uhti4 ,prosila mne1 abych j pjil pro4 ,nemohu dnes pijt1 musm psti lohu4 ,neme-li pijti dnes1 pij jist ztra4 ,neli6 ,lid nemiluj tch1 kte lhou4 ,tento parn stroj ene veker nae soustruhy 7lathes74 ,dti se bly zstati samy doma a babika jim ekla3 ,nebojte se4 ,petr popel1 e byl vera v lese4 ,prosil jsem ho1 aby byl tak laskav a pomohl mi4 ,podvej se1 jak ses zamazal4 ,opt sis nedal pozor4 ,zbyten sis ublil4 ,kdyby ses piinil1 dobude spchu4 ,ty bys ve dokzal1 jen kdyby sis dal pozor4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,change the above sentences 7in ,bohemian7 into plural4 ,exercise ,,iii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,come to me1 my boy4 ,i wish to tell you a few words4 ,what do you want of me8 ,we can't tell you that1 because you would not help us4 ,he thinks a great deal of himself4 ,marie went with me to a picnic4 ,give me the book4 ,they live next door to us2 they are our neighbors4 ,they like us4 ,did ,john tell you about me8 ,i wish you to help me4 ,they asked them to return soon4 ,i should have received the money yesterday4 ,do you not know where we could find a good hotel8 ,it is necessary to speak ,bohemian every day if we want to speak it correctly4 ,teach me how to speak correctly and ,i will learn4 ,i am going 7budu7 to study hard every day4 ,they were talking to one another while 7zatm7 washing their faces and hands4 ,i would do anything for you without hesitation4 ,this coffee is sold at #ce cents a pound4 ,i wish ,i had time to go with you4 ,oslov a hospod4 eledn hospodv velmi patn nakldal se dvma osly1 kte mu byli sveni4 ,hospod jednou prohlel svj chlv a vida1 e oslov nedbalost lnho pacholka zle se maj1 pke tomuto domlouval a hrozil4 8,nera01 pravili oslov1 8nera bti hnviv1 pane n2 spokojeni jsme1 vdy jsme si ji zvykli na naeho eledna40 8,i na vs bych se hnval01 pravil hospod1 8pro mrav v a obranu lnho sluhy1 kdybych nevdl1 e jste oslov40 7,zpracovno dle ,zahradnka74 ,,xxiv4 ,skloovn nmstky tet osoby4 ,declension of the personal pronoun of the third person4 ,singular4 ,masculine ,neuter ,feminine ,nom4 ,voc4 on1 he ono1 it ona1 she ,obj4 jej1 je1 it ji1 her jeho1 ho1 him ,poss4 jeho1 ho j ,dat4 jemu1 mu j1 ,loc4 7o7 nm 7o7 n ,instrumental jm j2 ,plural4 ,nom4 ,voc4 oni 7anim47 ona 7neuter7 ony 7fem47 ony 7inan47 ,obj4 je ,poss4 jich ,dat4 jim ,loc4 7o7 nich ,instrumental jimi4 ,with the exception of the first two cases the singular forms of the masculine and neuter are the same1 therefore they are grouped together4 ,in the feminine the objective case is 8ji0 7short i71 in other cases 8j0 7long 74 ,in the plural1 in all cases but the first1 all these genders have the same forms4 ,the forms 8jej1 jeho1 jemu0 are stronger than 8ho1 mu0 7enclitic forms74 ,after prepositions j changes into 7n before i or 74 ,example3 u nho1 by him2 k nmu1 to him2 s nm1 with him2 proti n1 against her2 pro ni1 for her2 pro n1 for them2 s nimi1 with them4 ,podmiovac zpsob4--,conditional ,mood4 ,conjunctions jestli1 jestlie1 zdali1 pakli1 if is used with the present forms4 ,jestlie se piznte1 odpustme vm4--,if you confess1 we shall pardon you4 ,zeptej se1 zdali to pinesl4 ,ask1 if he brought it4 ,rd bych vdl1 zdali to uin4--,i should like to know if he will do it4 ,instead of using conjunctions jestli1 zdali1 etc4 enclitic--li is appended to the verb to express conditions4 ,example3 ,vte-li1--if you know1 mte-li--if you have1 povm-li--,if ,i say4 ,ml1 mli bychom1 etc4 are used to express an obligation4 ,mli bychom to udlat--,we ought to do it1 we should do it4 ,on by se ml uit--,he ought to study1 he should study4 ,neml by to kat--,he ought not to say it4 ,bys1 byste1 etc4 are also used in polite demands usually followed by 8prosm0--if you please4 ,example3 ekl byste mn1 prosm1 kde jest v otec8 ,would you please tell me where your father is8 ,nemohl byste nm1 prosm1 pomoci8--,couldn't you please help us8 ,wishes4 ,vta pac1 is introduced by k with conditional4 ,k bych doshl svho cle6--,may ,i reach my goal6 ,k by nm bh pomohl6--,may ,god help us6 ,minul as podmiovacho zpsobu--,past conditional is formed by addition byl or bval4 ,j bych vm byl pomohl4 ,i should have helped you4 7,pomohl bych vm1 ,i should help you74 ,kdybychom to bvali vdli1 nebyli bychom pili4 ,had we known that we should not have come4 ,note3 ,mj otec si peje1 abys jej doprovzel4 ,my father wishes that you shall accompany him4 ,oral ,exercise4 ,complete in all three persons singular and plural3 ,ml bych to koupiti 7,i ought to buy it7 ,mohla jsem to udlati 7,i could have done it7 ,nevm-li to 7,if ,i don't know it7 ,smm si vzti ri8 7,may ,i take the rose78 ,exercise4--,translate into ,english3 ,komu jsi odevzdal knihu8 ,dal jsem ji jemu4 ,dal jsem ji j4 ,ptte se1 zdali se rdi ume4 ,ovem1 e se rdi ume1 nebo jest to prospn4 8,rd bych vdl1 zdali sestra pijela10 ekl pan ,kov sv matce4 ,co myslte1 bude preti1 ili nic8 ,kdo v1 bude-li dnes pret4 ,nedte-li penze1 odejdu4 ,otec mi slbil dollar1 budu-li hodn4 ,vezmi si to jablko6 ,kde je bratr8 ,matka la s nm do zahrady4 ,j nesmm1 matka mi nedovolila4 ,to nesm dlati6 ,karel ,,iv4 byl velikm a mocnm panovnkem1 jm byly zaloeny dleit a pamtn budovy4 ,jednou s nm vyjednvali poslov nmet1 aby jim dopl t milosti a pesthoval se do ,nmec4 ,doel jsem k nim a promluvil jsem s nimi4 ,pozdravil jsem ji a tzal jsem se j1 zdali by mi pomohla4 ,exercise4--,translate into ,bohemian3 ,did he lend you 7thee7 any books8 ,the postman brought them some letters4 ,where did you meet her8 ,he gave me some drawings for him4 ,don't go to her1 for ,i am sure that she is not home4 ,did you hear my words8 ,yes1 we heard them4 ,some gentlemen came with him4 ,they 7the soldiers7 were sent to ,europe4 ,they 7the ladies7 worked with the ,red ,cross hospital4 ,we heard from them4 ,where did you see them8 ,they shall come to help them4 ,tell me all you know about him6 ,i shall never do anything against them1 for 7nebo7 they 7the men7 are my friends4 ,if you wish to see the letter1 here it is4 ,we shall wait if we have time4 ,i should have waited for him had ,i had time4 ,i should be very glad if you went with me4 ,ask your friend if he will be here tomorrow4 ,may ,i speak to you8 ,ask him1 if he knows it4 ,,xxv4 ,stupovn pdavnch jmen4--,comparison of ,adjectives4 ,in the comparison of objects we use in ,bohemian as well as in ,english three different forms3 ,prvn stupe--,positive--siln--strong2 druh stupe--,comparative--silnj--stronger2 tet stupe--,superlative--nejsilnj--strongest 4 ,in ,bohemian the comparative is normally formed by adding the suffix--j to the positive4 ,the superlative is always formed by adding the suffix nej--most--to the comparative4 ,i4 ,,ii4 ,,iii4 piln pilnj nejpilnj 7diligent7 7more diligent7 7most diligent7 severn severnj nejsevernj 7northerly7 7more northerly7 7most northerly7 ,from what has been said on the nature of 1 it follows that the hard stem consonant will be softened by the ending j4 ,before s1 l1 z1 changes into e4 moudr 7wise71 moudej 7wiser71 nejmoudej 7wisest7 mil 7dear71 milej 7dearer71 nejmilej 7dearest74 ,the comparative ending is often shortened2 8ej0 is left out and only 80 is added4 chud--chud7j7 becomes chud star--star7j7 becomes star tvrd--tvrd7j7 becomes tvrd ,since the letter softens the hard consonant1 the abbreviated forms make the following changes3 vysok 7high71 78k0 changes into 807 vy 7higher7 snadn 7easy71 78d0 changes into 8z07 snaz 7easier7 blzk 7near71 78k0 changes into 807 bli 7nearer7 ,many adjectives ending in -k replace this -k in comparative by -4 lehk 7light71 leh 7lighter7 hezk 7nice71 hez 7nicer7 mkk 7soft71 mk 7softer7 ,some comparatives take both forms3 ist 7pure1 clean7--ist1 or istj 7purer1 cleaner7 tmav 7dark7--tmav1 or tmavj 7darker74 ,irregular comparison3 dobr 7good71 lep 7better7 mal 7small71 men 7smaller7 dlouh 7long71 del 7longer7 velik 7big71 vt 7bigger7 zl 7bad71 hor 7worse7 ,superlative ,absolute4 ,superlative absolute is formed by the prefix pe1 above all1 most4 ,pekrsn1 very beautiful1 7,spanish or ,italian bellissimo74 ,pevelik1 enormous1 very large1 7,spanish or ,italian grandissimo74 ,peneastn1 most unhappy4 ,prefix na decreases the quality of the adjective4 ,pedpona na zmenuje vlastnost pdavnho jmna4 ,sladk sweet1 nasldl little sweet1 sweetish4 ,tvrd hard1 natvrdl somewhat hard1 not altogether hard4 ,podobn pedpona pi-1 hloup silly1 pihloupl1 just little silly4 ,skloovn a uvn komparativu4 ,all superlatives and comparatives are declined like adjective type severn4 est jest dra ivota4 ,honor is dearer than life2 here 8than life0 is expressed simply by the possessive case4 ,ty jsi vy ne j1 ale ,josef jest nejvy4--,you are taller than ,i1 but ,joseph is the tallest4 ,measure 7by how much comparative is greater than positive7 is expressed by a7--instrumental3 ,mj dm jest mnohem vt4 ,my house is a great deal larger4 b7--with accusative prep4 o1 by4 ,to jest o pt liber t4 ,this is heavier by five pounds4 ne1 than ze vech1 of all4 ,oral ,exercise3 ,decline3 t prce2 nejmilej hra4 ,exercise ,i4 ,soused jest bohat otce1 t4 j43 ,soused jest bohat ne otec4 ,hch jest hor smrti4 ,hch jest hor ne smrt4 ,nejlep k dostane nejvy odmnu4 ,krl poslal nejstarho syna do svta4 ,jdi1 mj nejmilej synu1 a pive nejkrsnj nevstu6 ,v zim jsou dny krtk a noci dlouh2 letn dni jsou del a noci jsou krat zimnch4 ,kdo jest z vs nejvhodnj8 ,new ,york jest nejvt msto zpadn polokoule4 ,kdo jest astnj a veselej neli spokojen lovk8 ,on jest ovem bohat1 ale jsou jet bohat lid neli on4 ,princ veel do pekrsn zahrady4 8,o1 j peneastn lovk01 bdoval ,honza4 ,o kolik jsem star1 o tolik jsem moudej4 ,ml bysis dt mnohem lep pozor4 ,nejmocnjm ze vech krl eskch byl ,karel ,,iv4 ,toto ovoce nen pln zral1 jest dosud nahokl4 ,i natvrdl chlb chutn1 kdy mkkho nen4 ,nejvt lhi4 ,nejvt dva lhi byli starostov ,doln a ,horn ,lhoty4 ,ten z ,doln ,lhoty1 kdy s nkm hovoil1 kal3 8,no vm1 vm40 ,a nevdl nic4 ,ten druh ml zvyk kati3 8,hm1 nevm1 nevm01 a vdl vdy vecko4 ,z polskho upravil ,n4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,which is larger1 a lake or a sea8 ,the ,rocky mountains are the highest mountains in the ,united ,states4 ,give me something better4 ,i know that the dearest goods are often the cheapest because they give greater value4 ,ignorance is our worst enemy4 ,i went there with my best friend4 ,jane was the oldest of six children4 ,your house is the oldest in the town4 ,our house is more modern than yours4 ,i am not so strong as you4 ,if ,i were you1 ,i would turn it over in my mind4 ,i should not be surprised1 if he were here immediately4 ,i shall be very glad if you will tell me what to read 7co bych ml sti74 ,,xxvi4 ,the declension of the possessive pronoun4 ,sklonn pisvojovac nmstky4 mj1 m1 m--my1 mine ,singular4 ,masculine ,neuter ,fem4 ,n4 and ,v4 mj 7moje7 m 7moje7 ,o4 mho 7anim471 m 7moje7 mou 7moji7 mj 7inanim47 ,p4 mho m 7moj7 ,d4 mmu m 7moj7 ,l4 mm m 7moj7 ,i4 mm mou 7moj7 ,the forms in brackets are older forms though they might be used as well as the newer ones4 ,plural4 ,masculine ,neuter ,feminine ,n4 and ,v4 moji 7ani47 m 7moje7 m 7moje7 m1 moje 7inan47 ,o4 m1 7moje7 m 7moje7 m 7moje7 ,p4 mch ,d4 mm ,l4 mch ,i4 mmi ,the possessive pronoun1 like the adjective1 must agree with the noun it modifies in gender1 number and case4 ,tvj1 tv1 tv 7thy1 thine7 your1 yours1 as well as the reflexive possessive svj1 sv1 sv1 are declined like mj1 m1 m4 ,the use of the reflexive possessive 8svj40 ,svj is used when the subject is the possessor4 ,jdu se svm bratrem4 ,i go with my 7own7 brother4 ,jde s mm bratrem4 ,you go with my brother4 ,jde se svm bratrem4 ,you go with your 7own7 brother4 ,nesu svou knihu4 ,i am bringing my 7own7 book4 ,nese mou knihu4 ,you are bringing my book4 7,on7 ,nese svou knihu4 ,he is bringing his own book4 ,nese tvou knihu4 ,he is bringing your book4 7,on7 ,m svou hlavu4 ,he has 7he acts according to7 his own head 7mind74 ,observe3 ,vidm tvho bratra 7anim47 ,vidm tvj klobouk 7inanim47 ,moji brati jsou zde 7anim47 ,moje kabty jsou zde 7inanim47 ,possessive pronouns of the third person3 ,pivlastovac nmstky tet osoby4 ,jeho his1 and its is not declined4 ,ex4 ,s jeho bratrem1 with his brother1 ,o jeho bratrech1 about his brothers4 ,vidm dt a jeho rodie1 ,i see a child and its parents4 ,jej1 her1 hers1 so declined like adjectives types severn4 ,poss4 and ,loc4 plural jejch1 nkolik z jejch bratr4 ,some of her brothers4 ,v jejch krsnch zmcch4 ,in her beautiful castles4 ,jejich1 theirs1 for all three genders is not declined4 ,u jejich dom1 at their houses4 ,s jejich bratry4 ,with their brothers4 ,distinguish jejch of her4 ,poss4 and ,loc4 plural jej hers1 and jejich theirs4 ,oral exercise3 ,decline3 ,mj mal pes1 tvj star bratr1 jeho dobr babika1 jej mal kot1 jejich velk zahrada4 ,exercise ,i4 ,mj kol se mi podail4 ,uitel se til z mho kolu4 ,dobr dlnk t se ze sv prce4 ,nevm tvmu slibu4 ,pijdu s jejmi rodii4 ,u jejch rodi bvalo veselo4 ,hoch ztratil cestou do koly sv knihy4 ,odpus mi1 ztratil jsem tv knihy4 ,tvoji ptel jsou moji ptel4 ,jejich ptel jsou bohat4 ,zvata ct jako my1 netrznte jich4 ,na sv zahrad zaszel jsem krsn kvtiny1 tm se z nich4 ,kad na smrt ek a pece se j lek4 ,syta-li my1 hok j mouka4 ,mj mlad bratr m velkou rodinu4 ,pojme tou nejbli cestou6 ,pes jest nejvrnj zve4 ,aeroplan vzletl do pevelik vky4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,complete the sentence by changing the pronouns and nouns in brackets into their correct case forms4 ,pi 7m pro1 tv tuka74 k peetl 7tv kniha1 mj dopis1 jeho loha74 ,miluje 7svj otec1 jeho ptel74 ,rolnk pracuje na 7ve7 7sv pole1 sv zahrada74 ,litujete 7v ptel1 chud lovk74 ,tzal jsem se o radu 7tvj bratr1 jeho sestra1 mj uitel74 ,v 7m7 loze nebylo tolik chyb jako v 7tv71 jako 7jeho7 7jej74 ,chyt ministi4 ,byl jeden krl a ml chytr ministry4 ,jednou chtl krl pivsti sv ministry do rozpak 7bring them in embarrassment7 a dal pro kadho ministra zhotoviti novou lci a sice na loket 7yard7 dlouhou4 ,kdy byly lce hotovy1 dal krl upraviti hostinu1 pozval sv ministry a til se1 jak budou jsti dlouhmi lcemi4 ,ale oni to chyte vyvedli3 ,kad ministr vzal svou lci1 ale nepodval jdlo do svch st1 nbr pes stl svmu sousedu1 jako kdy matka krm sv dt4 ,krli se velice lbil dvtip jeho ministr1 i pochvlil a odmnil je4 ,z polskho upravil ,n4 ,,xxvii4 ,comparison of adverbs4 ,stupovn pslovc4 ,the comparison of the adverbs is formed regularly by the addition of the suffix -ji1 to the positive2 the superlative is formed from the comparative by prefixing nej-4 ,prvn stupe--,positive rychle1 quick krsn1 beautifully ,druh stupe--,comparative rychleji1 quicker krsnji1 more beautifully ,tet stupe--,superlative nejkrsnji1 most beautifully nejrychleji1 quickest ,the following adverbs are compared irregularly3 dobe1 well lpe1 better zle1 badly he1 worse dlouho1 long dle1 longer mnoho1 much vce1 more mlo1 little mn1 less brzy1 soon dve1 sooner daleko1 far dle further vysoko1 high ve1 higher nzko1 low ne1 lower draho1 dear dre1 dearer snadno1 easily snze1 more easily ,declension of n1 v1 our1 ours2 your1 yours3 ,singular ,masculine ,neuter ,feminine ,n4 ,v4 n1 our1 ours1 nae1 our1 ours1 nae our ,o4 naeho 7am47 nae nai n 7inan47 ,p4 naeho na ,d4 naemu na ,l4 naem na ,i4 nam na ,plural4 ,n4 ,v4 nai nae nae ,o4 nae ,p4 naich ,d4 naim ,l4 naich ,i4 naimi ,v1 vae se sklouje jako n1 nae4 ,oral exercise3 ,decline3 n pkn k1 vae mal sestra1 jejich vborn prce4 ,complete in all three persons1 singular and plural3 ,m se dobe4 ,dl to lpe4 ,pijdu brzy4 ,bydlel jsem daleko4 ,udlal bych to radji4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 tvera vc jest vdy hojnj3 nae lta1 nae dluhy1 nai neptel a nae chyby4 ,pijte pro ns do naeho domu4 ,nevynejte se zsluhami svmi4 ,bezpenji krokem neli skokem4 ,po deti slunce nejjasnji svt4 ,svou chvlu kad nejradji slch4 ,nae vlast jest nm drahou matkou4 ,poslechnte na rady4 ,poslouchejte sv rodie a vate si jich4 ,hoch piel s vaimi knihami1 kter jste mu pjil4 ,to se snze ekne ne udl4 ,poj trochu ble4 ,m daleko odletl4 ,kdo piel z ns nejdve1 hoi8 ,on piel se svmi pteli k naim rodim4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,translate into ,bohemian3 ,where is our friend8 ,he went to see his neighbor4 ,two of my brothers went to war4 ,i wish to buy a nice horse for my master4 ,i seated myself next to a large window4 ,go and call our guests to breakfast4 ,he is a rich man who can avail himself of all men's faculties4 ,you do your work well1 but he does it better4 ,the night grew darker and darker3 the stars seemed to sink deeper in the sky4 ,can't you come earlier8 ,he is waiting here long1 but my mother is waiting much longer4 ,the misfortune came very quickly4 ,exercise ,,iii4 ,in the following sentences 7insert the adverb in its proper form74 ,change the adverb into the degree indicated4 ,kdo 7brzy #b7 pijde ten 7brzy #b7 mele4 ,poctivost trv 7dlouho #c74 ,kter krva 7mnoho #c7 bu3 7mlo #c7 mlka dv4 ,kdy je 7zle #c7 je bh 7blzko #c74 ,lpe je 7mnoho #b7 vdti1 a 7mlo #b7 mluviti4 ,na hostin veselo1 ale doma 7dobe #c74 ,je trochu 7rychle #b74 ,jest to vdy 7snadno #b7 ci ne udlati4 ,poj 7blzko #b74 ,jdi 7daleko #b74 ekm 7dlouho #b7 ne hodinu4 ,observe3 m dve 7the sooner7 tm lpe 7the better74 m dle tm he4 ,koupm se denn4 ,i bathe daily4 ,,xxviii4 ,,opakov,n ,o ,,inn,m ,,rod ,,slovesa4 ,review of the active voice of the ,bohemian verb4 ,a47 ,zpsob oznamovac4--,indicative4 as4--,tense4 slo jednotn--,singular4 ,osoba ,ptomn ,min4 ,budouc jedn4 ,bud4 slo4 ,person ,present ,past ,simple future ,compound fut4 #a4 ,chvlm ,chvlil jsem ,pochvlm ,budu chvliti 7,i praise7 7,i praised7 7,i shall praise7 7,i shall be praising7 #b4 chvl chvlil jsi pochvl bude chvliti #c4 chvl chvlil pochvl bude chvliti slo mnon--,plural4 #a4 chvlme chvlili jsme pochvlme budeme chvliti #b4 chvlte chvlili jste pochvlte budete chvliti #c4 chvl chvlili pochvl budou chvliti ,b47 ,zpsob podmiovac4--,conditional4 ,present ,past ,chvlil bych ,byl bych chvlil 7,i should praise7 7,i should have praised7 chvlil bys byl bys chvlil chvlil by byl by chvlil chvlili bychom byli bychom chvlili chvlili byste byli byste chvlili chvlili by byli by chvlili ,c47 ,zpsob rozkazovac4--,imperative4 ,chval6 7praise thou67 chvalme6 chvalte6 ,d47 ,zpsob neurit4--,infinitive4 ,chvliti1 to praise4 ,exercise ,i4 ,zodpovzte esky tyto otzky3 ,jak kon v etin neurit zpsob8 ,jak jest rozdl mezi neuritm zpsobem a minulm pestm8 7past participle74 ,jak se mn minul pest dle rodu a sla8 ,jak se tvo rozkazovac zpsob1 kter koncovky jsou pro prvn a druhou osobu mnonho sla8 ,jak se tvo minul as8 ,jak se tvo podmiovac zpsob8 ,jak se tvo jednoduch a jak sloen budouc as8 asujte 7conjugate7 rzn esk slovesa a tvote vty v rznch zpsobech a asech4 ,impersonal verbs4--,neosobn slovesa4 ,pr4 ,it rains4 ,hm a blsk se4 ,it thunders and lightens4 ,dnes jest pkn4 ,it is nice today4 ,ztra bude pret4 ,it will rain tomorrow4 ,,xxix4 ,nmstky ukazovac4--,demonstrative pronouns4 ,ten1 ta1 to1 this1 ,onen1 ona1 ono1 that1 ,ti1 ty1 ta1 those1 ,oni1 ony1 ona1 those4 ,ten is used to point to near objects or persons1 onen is used to point to more distant objects or persons4 ,onen1 ona1 ono is1 however1 replaced often by compounds tamten1 tamta1 tamto4 ,the invariable adverb tam- there1 points in the distance4 ,sklonn nmstky ukazovac4 slo jednotn ,rod musk stedn ensk ,n4 ten1 onen1 to1 ono ta1 ona1 ,o4 toho1 onoho1 to1 ono1 tu1 onu1 7ten1 onen1 ne47 ,p4 toho1 onoho1 t1 on1 ,d4 tomu1 onomuv1 t1 on1 ,l4 tom1 onom1 t1 on1 ,i4 tm1 onm4 tou1 onou4 ,musk a stedn rod maj stejn tvary pro posledn tyi pdy4 slo mnon ,n4 ti1 oni1 ta1 ona ty1 ony1 7ty1 ony1 neiv47 ,o4 ty1 ony1 7,pro vechny ti rody7 ta1 ona1 ,p4 tch1 onch1 ,d4 tm1 onm1 ,l4 tch1 onch1 ,i4 tmi1 onmi4 ,tento jest sesleno1 emphasized1 ten1 this one4 ,similarly tato1 toto1 tito1 tyto1 tato4 -to is simply added in all cases1 tohoto1 tomuto1 tmto1 etc4 ,corresponding form is tenhle1 ten-hle1 hle look1 tenhle--look at this one4 7,french voici74 ,tenhle1 tahle1 tohle1 tihle1 tyhle1 tahle4 ,sam1 -1 -1 the same1 declined like dobr4 ,takov1 -1 -1 such1 also declined like dobr4 ,tzac nmstky4--,interrogative pronouns4 ,kdo8 who8 co8 what8 ,declined in lesson ,,xv4 ,the case questions are case forms of kdo8 co8 ,kter1 -1 -1 which1 who1 declined like dobr4 ,they are used for both persons and things4 ,jak1 -1 -1 of what kind1 declined like dobr4 ,kter lovk8 which man--who8 ,jak lovk8 what kind of a man8 ,pdavn jmna neurit4--,indefinite adjectives4 ,zdrv1 zdrva1 zdrvo1 zdrvi1 zdrvy1 zdrva--healthy1 similar in meaning to zdrav1 -1 -4 ,the passive participle has the same ending as the indefinite adjective3 zlomen1 zlomena1 zlomeno1 broken4 ,the indefinite adjective is little used in modern ,bohemian1 being replaced by the definite type dobr4 ,it is sometimes used as predicative adjective4 ,ex43 ,bti chud 7chud71 poor4 ,bti vinen1 to be guilty4 ,bti nemocen1 to be sick4 ,many of the indefinite pronouns are used as nouns or adverbs in neuter form e4 g4 ,bylo velik sucho1 there was a great drought4 ,obecn blaho1 common weal4 ,obarvme to na zeleno1 we shall paint it green etc4 ,oral exercise3 ,decline3 ,ten mal chlapec1 tahle star chaloupka1 to malovan vejce4 ,i4 ,exercise4 ,translate into ,english3 ,ten npad mi piel vhod4 ,tm npadem jsem se potil4 ,onen mu byl rann ve vlce4 ,co tomu kte8 ,tomuhle jsme se podivili4 ,byl jsem sm doma kdy pila nvtva4 ,j sm byl jsem pekvapen4 ,byli sam smch 7full of laughter71 sam rozpustilost4 ,to se rozum samo sebou4 ,nechci tyto hruky1 dejte mi radji tamhle ty4 ,tamty jsou nejlep4 ,kdo bez viny1 ten vesel4 sta plna a oi hladovy4 ,sklenice byla naplnna tm nejlepm vnem4 ,,xxx4 ,vztan nmstky4--,relative pronouns4 ,relative pronouns connect dependent clauses and refer to subjects already named4 ,the interrogative pronouns1 kdo1 co1 kter1 jak1 are used as relative pronouns4 ,kdo to uinil8 ,who did it8 ,ten1 kdo to uinil1 chybil4 ,he 7the one7 who did it1 made a mistake4 ,to1 co jste pravil1 jsem slyel4 ,i have already heard 7that omit47 what you said4 ,jen1 je1 je1 who1 which2 is an independent relative pronoun4 ,it is used only in written ,bohemian1 being otherwise replaced by kter4 ,jen is declined in oblique cases 7except in nominative7 like on1 ona1 ono1 with suffix 7enclitic7 2 ex43 jeho1 jemu1 j1 je1 jich4 ,after prepositions j changes into 1 k nmu1 s nm etc4 7,whenever the relative pronouns occur in the middle of a sentence they are preceded by a comma74 ,neurit nmstky4--,indefinite pronouns4 ,indefinite pronouns are composed words4 ,they are formed3 ,a47--with prefixes3 n-1 nkdo1 somebody1 nco1 something1 nkter1 some1 nkolik1 several1 ni-1 nikdo1 nobody1 nic1 nothing1 leda-1 ledakdo1 any one1 ledacos1 anything1 mlo-1 mlokdo1 few1 veli-1 velicos1 many things4 ,they are all declined like kdo1 co1 the prefix being invariable1 nkoho1 of somebody1 niemu1 to nothing1 etc4 ,b47--with suffixes3 -si1 -s1 kdosi 7kdos7 somebody1 cosi 7cos7 something1 -koliv1 -kolivk1 kdokoliv1 kterkoliv1 whosoever1 cokoliv1 whatsoever4 ,here the suffix is invariable3 s msi1 with something1 komukoliv1 to whosoever1 etc4 ,kad1 -1 -1 everyone4 ,declined like dobr4 dn1 -1 -1 no1 none4 ,pisvojovac pdavn jmna4--,possessive adjectives4 ,the ,bohemian has a particular class of adjectives which describe the nouns telling of their origin 7possession74 ,bratrv kabt1 brother's coat1 bratrova teta1 brother's aunt1 bratrovo pn1 brother's wish4 ,plural3 ,bratrovy kabty 7with animate nouns bratrovi ptel7 bratrovy tety1 bratrova pn4 ,sestin uitel sister's teacher1 sestina uitelka sister's lady teacher1 sestino piano sister's piano4--,plural3 ,sestini uitel1 sestiny uitelky1 sestina piana4 ,the possessive adjectives are formed from nouns with suffixes3 -v1 -ova1 -ovo1 in singular1 -ovi1 7-ovy inanimate71 -ovy1 -ova1 to masculine nouns1 and with suffixes3 -in1 -ina1 -ino1 -ini1 7-iny for inanimate71 -iny1 -ina to feminine nouns4 ,declension of the ,possessive ,adjectives4 ,singular4 ,masculine ,neuter ,feminine ,n4 and ,v4 bratrv bratrovo bratrova ,o4 bratrova bratrovo bratrovu 7bratrv inan47 ,p4 bratrova bratrovy ,d4 bratrovu bratrov ,l4 bratrov1 bratrov bratrovu ,i4 bratrovm bratrovou ,plural4 ,n4 and ,v4 bratrovi bratrova bratrovy 7-y inan47 ,o4 bratrovy bratrovy bratrova ,p4 bratrovch ,d4 bratrovm ,l4 bratrovch ,i4 bratrovmi ,adjectives with the feminine ending are declined in the same way--in equals -v-1 -ov-1 -ov-4 ,ex43 ,sestinou1 sestiny1 sestinch1 etc4 ,only dative singular has sestin bratru1 sestin zahrad4 ,exercise ,i4 ,translate into ,english3 ,za ptele si vol lovka1 jen t v netst neopustil1 jeho vrnost jsi zkusil a jemu se me vdy sviti4 ,nic nen tak zlho1 aby se nemohlo obrtiti v nco dobrho4 ,jak plat1 takov dlo4 ,nco za nco1 nic za nic4 ,chudmu se nedostv velieho1 lakomci veho4 ,ono pole dobe rod1 po kterm hospod chod4 ,lpa1 j krsou dn jin domc strom se nevyrovn1 byla ji starm ,slovanm stromem posvtnm4 ,blzen nen nikomu mil1 blznu vak ledakdo4 ,a 7may7 to uin kdokoliv a jakkoliv1 budu spokojen4 ,k emu mi to povdte8 ,nerudovy bsn vyznauj se srdenost4 ,nezapomenu matina pn4 ,krlova zahrada plna byla krsnch kvtin4 ,matin svtek byl znamenit oslaven4 ,lodnci poslechli kapitnovch rozkaz4 ,letn odpoledne4 ,vtk skoro nedchal a slunko hlo1 na zhonech v zahrad kvt jak by spalo4 ,po obloze vlatovky ltaly jak py1 v lech vely bzuely zpod koat lpy4 ,ticho ve1 jen pnkava ppla nkde v stromu a zarostl vodojem plouchal tie k tomu4 ,nad vodou se rkos zvolna kolbalo1 nad nm tanil muek roj a dlo jim hrlo4 ,naped hlasn1 potom t tie tak a spav1-- 1 jak se to usnulo v t vysok trv4 ,,xxxi4 ,slova zdrobnl--,diminutives4 ,derived words denoting a smaller object or a less degree of quality1 are diminutives4 ,the ,bohemian language abounds in diminutives of nouns and adjectives4 ,they serve1 not to denote smaller objects1 but they frequently indicate affection1 refinement1 endearment4 ,ex43 dt1 child1 dtko 7baby7 is not only little child but also dear little child4 ,this is especially true of diminutive adjectives4 ,hezk is nice1 hezouk is delicately nice4 ,the diminutives are formed by the addition of suffixes4 ,the stem of the word sometimes suffers a slight change4 ,various suffixes may indicate different degree of diminution4 ,ex43 ,hoch1 boy2 hok1 a small boy2 hoek1 a very small boy4 ,mal1 small2 malink1 very small2 malilink1 very tiny 7,spanish chiquitito74 ,the diminutive is of the same gender as the original noun4 7,ending in -k is masculine1 in -ka feminine1 in -ko neuter74 ,the usual noun suffixes3 -k1 heb1 nail1 hebk4 -ek1 bratr1 brother1 bratek4 -ek1 dm1 house1 domek4 -eek1 dd1 grandfather1 ddeek4 -ouek1 staec1 an old man1 starouek4 -ka1 ryba1 fish1 rybka4 -ika1 teta1 aunt1 tetika4 -inka1 mma1 mother1 maminka4 -tko1 zve1 animal1 zvtko4 -ko1 oko1 eye1 oko4 -ko1 psan1 letter1 psanko4 -lko1 kdlo1 wing1 kidlko4 -eko1 kolo1 wheel1 koleko4 -nko1 okno1 window1 oknko4 ,adjective diminutives4 ,suffixes3 -ik1 mal1 small1 malik4 -ink1 cel1 whole1 celink4 -ounk1 hezk1 nice1 hezounk4 -ouk1 bl1 white1 blouk4 ,exercise ,i4 ,form diminutives from given words and use them in sentences3 ,a47 -les1 7forest72 chlap1 7fellow72 vno1 7wine72 kus1 7piece72 kniha1 7book72 list1 7leaf72 due1 7soul72 vejce1 7egg72 kdlo1 7wing72 chvle1 7moment72 ryba1 7fish72 zub1 7tooth72 ba1 7frog72 znamen1 7sign72 ptk1 7bird74 ,b47 -krtk1 7short72 tl1 7tender72 hebk1 7delicate1 fine72 hezk1 7pretty72 zelen1 7green72 bl1 7white72 star1 7old72 mil1 7dear74 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,co jest malounk1 to je milounk4 ,jenek jest u ddeka4 el tam se strkem4 ,maenko1 zdvihni to prko a zrnko1 kala babika sv vnuce4 ,pineste mi skleniku limondy a kousek kole4 ,koupme hlvku zel a prek holoubtek4 ,povz mi1 duinko1 co se ti stalo4 ,chaloupka byla isounk jako klcka4 ,exercise ,,iii4 ,review of ,pronouns4 ,sedlk i selka ili ve sv chaloupce4 ,m dobr vlo1 dej nm dar4 ,nen mm myslem dti vm nco4 ,v na chaloupce jsou star kamna4 ,kdy jsi mluvil se svm uitelem8 ,vypjil jsem si n od tvho otce4 ,zavolej svho bratra a mou sestru6 ,dej mi hruku a jdi svou cestou6 ,v m loze nebylo tolik chyb jako v tv loze4 ,hoch piel do koly se svou matkou4 ,mj bratr jest mlad ne jste vy4 ,on m rd mho bratra a svho bratra4 ,vojk vytasil svj me a probodl mho sluebnho4 ,jejich ptel nm pinesl motla1 kterho chytil na vlet4 ,dejte pozor na sv vci i na nae4 ,ten1 jen to ekl1 lhal4 ,cos hroznho se pihodilo4 emu ses sml8 ,a mluv s kmkoliv1 jednej vdy dstojn4 ,tenhle pn jest tent lovk1 o kterm jsem ti ji povdal4 ,exercise ,,iv4 ,what is the meaning of all this8 ,none are all evil4 ,none spoke to him4 ,the cares of today are seldom the cares of tomorrow4 ,this is the boy whom ,i recommended4 ,i have done all ,i could4 ,from whom do you suppose is this letter8 ,it was a cloudy night4 ,each of us should do his best4 ,osel a ryby4 ,osel el v lt kolem potoka a dostal ze4 ,i sehnul se a pil4 ,a tu uvidl ve vod mnoho ryb a rybiek1 jak vesele plovaly k nmu4 ,nemohl se udreti a zeptal se jich3 8,co pak tu ve vod dlte8 ,nen vm tam zima8 i vy jdete se na mne podvat80 ,ryby neekly ani slovka4 ,podvaly se jedna na druhou1 daly se do velikho smchu a zmizely v hlubinch4 ,oslovi neodpovdej6 ,usmj se a jdi dom6 ,jan ,karafiat4 ,,xxxii4 slovky4--,numerals4 #a jeden1 jedna1 jedno #b dva1 dv1 dv #c ti #d tyi #e pt #f est #g sedm #h osm #i devt #aj deset #aa jedenct #ab dvanct #ac tinct #ad trnct #ae patnct #af estnct #ag sedmnct #ah osmnct #ai devatenct #bj dvacet #cj ticet #dj tyicet #ej padest #fj edest #gj sedmdest #hj osmdest #ij devadest #ajj sto #a1jjj tisc #a1jjj1jjj milion ,all the other numerals are compounded3 #ba dvacet jeden #bb dvacet dva #bc dvacet ti #cd ticet tyi #de tyicet pt #ef padest est etc4 #aja sto jeden #aje sto pt #aag sto sedmnct #abh sto dvacet osm #ade sto tyicet pt #bef dv st padest est #aghd tisc sedm set osmdest tyi ,numerals jeden1 dva1 ti1 tyi are adjectives1 they agree with the noun like an adjective4 ,ti hoi1 dv dvky4 ,numeral pt and the following are nouns2 they are followed by the partitive possessive plural1 pt hoch1 deset tuek1 est hodin1 etc4 ,declension of ,numerals4--,sklonn slovek4 ,jeden1 jedna1 jedno is declined like ten1 ta1 to1 viz4 lesson ,,xxix4 ,declension dva1 dv 7dv for feminine and neuter71 ti1 tyi1 pt3 ,n41 ,v4 ,o4 dva1 dv ti tyi pt ,p4 dvou t ty pti ,d4 dvma tem tyem pti ,l4 dvou tech tyech pti ,i4 dvma temi tymi pti ,like dva is declined oba1 both4 ,like pt are declined all the other numerals1 ending in t4 ,they simply add -i in all oblique cases4 ,sto is declined like slovo2 tisc like me1 milion like strom4 ,in compound numerals both parts are declined3 s dvaceti dvma1 k ticeti tem4 slovky adov4--,ordinal numerals4 slovky adov odpovdaj na otzku kolikt8 ,the ordinal numerals answer the question which one of the serie8 prvn1 -1 - first 7 declined like severn4 tet1 -1 - third 7 prv1 -1 - first druh1 -1 - second tvrt1 -1 - fourth declined like dobr pt1 -1 - fifth est1 -1 - sixth ,the ordinals #f-bj are formed by adding -1 -1 -1 according to gender4 ,ex43 #g sedm1 sedm1 seventh1 etc4 ,they are all definite adjectives and are declined like dobr4 #bj1 dvacet2 dvact1 #bjth2 #aj1 deset2 dest1 tenth2 tict1 #cjth2 tyict1 #djth2 padest1 #ejth2 edest1 #fjth2 sedmdest1 #gjth2 osmdest1 #hjth2 devadest1 #ijth2 st1 hundredth2 tisc1 #ajjjth2 miliont1 millionth4 ,all the numerals are compounded1 dvact druh1 #bbnd1 ti sta patnct1 #caeth1 etc4 ,ml bych etc4 is followed by the infinitive4 ,ml bych si koupiti nov kabt4 ,i should buy a new coat for myself4 ,mli byste pinsti knihy4 ,you ought to bring books4 ,mohl bych to uiniti4 ,i could do it4 ,kdybych mohl tak udlat1 udlm to4 ,if ,i should be able to do so ,i shall do it4 ,oral ,exercise4 ,complete3 ,um se1 abych vynikl4 ,u se etc4''' ,ml bych se lpe uiti''' ,peji si1 abych byl zdrv4 ,cvien 7,exercise ,i47 ,u obou rukou jest deset prst4 ,vezmi to obma rukama4 ,bylo j pes 7over1 more than7 devadest let1 kdy umela4 ,on jest asi 7about7 tyicet pt rok str4 ,myslm1 e jsem o ti lta a deset msc mlad ne ty4 ,pavouk 7spider7 m osm noh4 ,ob tato msta jsou zabrna 7taken74 ,moucha m dv kdla4 ,kolik kdel m vela8 ,cukr jest dnes o cent lacinj na libe4 ,za trnct dn budeme mt vnoce4 ,tato vsa 7vase7 stla 7cost7 pes dvanct dolar4 ,zavolej ty dva hochy4 ,ti ti hoi jsou zde1 pej si s vmi mluvit4 ,mj otec m osmnct set dolar ron4 ,kolik jest to msn8 ,to jest stopadest dolar msn4 ,zhotovm to ve dvou dnech4 lovk m pt smysl4 ,karel ,,iv4 zaloil universitu v ,praze4 ,hle1 abys byl ve kole prvnm4 ,v patnctm stolet byly husitsk vlky4 ,opakuj po kadm ptm cvien4 tvrtho ervence jest nrodn svtek4 ,kdy jsem piel ke tetmu domu1 nael jsem1 co jsem hledal4 ,na kolikt strnce jsme etli vera8 ,dnes budeme sti na padest est strnce4 ,kolik jest pt a dvanct8 ,kolik jest dvacet bez 7minus7 dvou8 ,jsou dv hodiny a dvacet ti minuty4 ,pijdu za pt minut4 ,,xxxiii4 ,zlomky--,fractions4 pl1 polovina2 1 osmina2 1 tvrt tvrtina4 ,all the remaining fractions are formed by the suffix -ina 7feminine suffix7 to the cardinal numbers4 ,they are all declined like ryba4 ,ex43 tvrtina4 ,pl and tvrt are used when speaking of measure3 ,pl hodiny1 half an hour2 pl bulu1 half a bushel2 tvrt libry1 a quarter pound etc4 ,in calculations we say ti osminy1 #g osmin1 ti tvrtiny etc4 ,nsobn slovky4--,multiplicative numerals4 ,dvoj1 twofold2 troj1 threefold2 oboj1 of both2 tver1 -1 -1 fourfold2 pater1 fivefold4 ,adverbs3 dvojnsob1 dvojnsobn1 doubly1 trojnsobn triply etc2 poprv the first time1 po druh the second time1 po tet the third time4 ,adjectives3 jednoduch single1 dvojit double1 trojit triple etc4 ,jednou once1 dvakrt twice1 tikrte three times1 krte times4 ,examples3 ,dvoj prce4 ,double work4 ,jsme lid jedn vry4 ,we are people of one belief4 ,byl dvojnsob zaplacen4 ,he was doubly 7twofold7 paid4 ,troj pn4 ,triple 7threefold7 wish4 ,dvoj ada4 ,a double row4 ,jednoduch pikrvka4 ,simple 7undoubled7 cover4 ,troj vpoet threefold reckoning4 ,tikrte potali4 ,they counted three times4 ,jest to po druh1 co jsi to udlal4 ,this is the second time you have done it4 ,neurit slovky4--,indefinite numerals4 ,mnoho many2 mlo few2 nkolik several4 ,these three are followed by the possessive3 ,mnoho penz1 mlo chleba1 nkolik lid4 ,kolik8 ,how many 7or how much74 ,tolik so many1 so much4 ,vechen1 vechna1 vechno1 all4 ,vechen lid 7vichni lid71 all the4 ,in giving dates possessive case is used4 ,druhho kvtna4 ,second of ,may4 ,stalo se to roku tischo osmistho dvactho1 #ahbj4 ,neodvislost byla prohlena tvrtho ervence roku tischo sedmistho sedmdestho estho 7or roku tisc sedm set sedmdestho estho74 ,independence was declared #aggf4 7,shorter form is also used3 vlka vypukla v roce tisc devt set trnct or devatenct set trnct4 ,the war broke out in the year #aiad74 as4 ,time4 ,kolik jest hodin8 ,what time is it8 ,jsou ti hodiny4 ,it is three o'clock4 ,jest tvrt na pt4 ,it is #d3ae4 ,jest pl dest4 ,it is #i3cj4 ,jsou ti tvrt na dvanct4 ,it is #aa3de4 ,rok1 also lto 7summer71 year4 ,st age4 ,kolik jest ti let8 ,kolik jest ti rok8 ,jak jsi str8 ,how old are you8 ,jest mi osmnct let4 ,i am #ah years old4 ,karel ,,iv41 ,karel tvrt1 ,charles the ,fourth4 ,kol dvou tisc mu1 about two thousand men4 ,cvien ,i4 ci chodvaj po dvou4 ,tuky se prodvaj po pti centech4 ,kolik m bratr8 ,chicago jest asi estkrte vt ne ,praha4 ,mnoho lid mnoho v4 ,mme tvero ronch poas4 ,dv ple 7poloviny7 in celek4 ,rozdlil jablko na ti dly1 udlal z nho tetiny4 ,palec jest dvanctina i dvanct dl stevce4 ,nikdo neme klamati vechny lidi pod4 ,dejte mi nkolik hruek4 ,kolik si jich pejete8 ,a se to ji podruh nestane6 ,to je jednoduch vc2 zastavm se pro vs4 ,cvien ,,ii4 ,vypite dole udan sla slovy1 dbejte1 aby slovky byly v sprvnm pdu3 ,stalo se to #bh4 ervence #aiad4 ,karel ,havlek1 esk spisovatel1 narodil se #ca4 jna1 #ahba a zemel #bi4 ervence #ahef4 ,pijte k nm v pondl #ab4 srpna4 ,jeden dm #b pn nestrp4 ,duha stkv se #g barvami4 ,sedlk m #d kon4 ,,xxxiv4 ,in previous lessons the active voice of the ,bohemian in the indicative and conditional moods was treated4 ,before taking up the passive forms1 we shall study the two aspects 7vznamy7 of the ,bohemian verb1 namely the perfective and imperfective4--,slovesa dokonav a nedokonav4 ,the perfective aspect denotes3 a7 that the action has been quite completed3 stal jsem se3 ,i have become2 usekl jsem ,i have cut off2 or b7 that the action will be definitely completed in the future3 stanu se ,i'll become1 useknu ,i shall cut off1 koupm ,i shall buy4 ,the perfective verbs have no present tense1 but they have a present form which1 however1 has a future signification and is called the simple future1 jednoduch budouc as4 ,most of the perfective verbs are formed from the imperfective by the addition of prefixes4 ,ex43 nsti to carry1 nesu ,i carry1 donsti carry to1 donesu ,i shall carry to or ,i shall deliver4 ,donesl jsem ,i have delivered4 ,therefore the simple future is formed by giving a suitable prefix to the present form of the verb4 ,the imperfect verbs 7nedokonav slovesa7 express an action3 a7 either continuing 7durative verbs1 trval slovesa72 nesu ,i am carrying1 mluvm ,i am talking 7best rendered into ,english by progressive form71 or b7 a repeating action 7iterative verb1 opakovac sloveso7 nosm1 ,i use to carry1 tm1 ,i use to read1 tal jsem1 ,i used to read4 ,the repetition of an action is made more marked by the introduction of the syllable 7vloka1 infix7 v or v before final personal ending2 nosm ,i use to carry1 nosvm ,i use to carry1 from time to time1 chodvm ,i am in the habit of walking4 ,the distinction between the perfective1 imperfective1 durative and iterative verbs is very important4 ,a verb may be made to assume either aspect1 perfective1 durative or iterative3 zavolm ,i shall call up1 volm ,i am calling1 volvm ,i use to call1 ,i am in the habit of calling4 ,by employing the proper form the ,bohemian verb expresses the very fine shades of thought with extreme vividness3 ,example3 psti1 to write4 ,budu psti dopis1 ,i shall be writing a letter 7and might not complete it74 ,napi psan means ,i'll write and finish the letter4 ,psal jsem1 ,i wrote4 ,napsal jsem1 ,i have written4 ,dopsal jsem1 ,i have finished writing4 ,rozepsal jsem se1 ,i have started to write at length4 ,we shall take up this variation of meaning and of value of the ,bohemian verb by studying the verbal prefixes4 ,these prefixes1 most of which are also prepositions1 see the lesson ,,xv4 for their meaning as prepositions1 are employed also in building nouns4 ,ex43 mluva speech2 mluva oral agreement2 rozmluva conversation2 pomluva calumny 7evil speech74 ,a thorough study of the prefixes therefore will enable us to understand very large classes of words and also their possible variations in meaning4 ,as an example of what the ,bohemian verb is capable to express1 let us take up derivations of the verb jti1 to go4 dojti to go to a place1 that is to reach some place1 to make an errand4 najti to come to a thing1 to find it4 nadejti to gain in walk1 to get ahead1 to head off1 make a short cut4 obejti to go around4 odejti to go away1 to leave4 pojti to go to destruction1 to perish4 pejti pass over1 to pass by4 pijti to go to1 that is to come4 projti to go through1 to pass through1 also to make a walk4 rozejti se to go apart1 that is to disperse1 to part4 ujti to escape1 to cover a stretch of road4 vejti to go in1 that is to enter4 vyjti to go out1 to come out4 vzejti to come up1 to sprout4 zajti to go down1 to set1 to go out of way1 disappear4 ,doel jsem brzy do msta1 nebo jsem si nadeel hezk kus cesty4 ,sotva jsem uel kus cesty1 nael jsem tobolku4 ,kdy jsem piel do msta1 odevzdal jsem ji na ad4 ,myslil jsem3 ,odejdu odsud a projdu seb na zdravm vzduchu4 ,rozejdte se v pokoji4 ,nevejdu do vaeho domu4 ,obeel jsem nmst a peel jsem most4 ,slunce zalo4 ,letos obil pkn vzelo4 ,verbal prepositional prefixes4--,pedlokov pedpony4 ,do implies the accomplishment of an action1 the carrying out of it to the end4 ,examples3 dosti1 to read through2 donsti1 to deliver2 dorsti1 to grow to maturity2 dodati1 to deliver1 to furnish2 dokonati1 to finish1 to end4 ,na a7 denotes an action upon something4 ,ex43 naloiti1 to put a load on2 namazati 7mslo71 to spread1 to grease 7butter72 natrati1 to paint1 to rub1 to put on a coat of paint1 or ointment2 b7 signifies an abundance of action or achievement3 ,navaiti1 to cook a whole lot2 napti se1 to drink2 natlouci nkomu1 to give somebody a sound thrashing1 to fall over somebody2 napadnouti1 to attack somebody2 nashromditi1 to gather in abundance2 nasmti se1 to have a good laugh4 ,nad denotes an action in above direction4 ,nadepsati1 to head 7a letter72 nadsazovati1 to exaggerate2 naduiti1 to abuse 7overuse74 ,o1 also ob-1 obe-1 expresses a motion around4 ,ohldnouti se1 to look around2 ohlsiti1 to make known2 ohnouti1 to bend2 opevniti1 to fortify1 7to make secure all around72 opotebovati1 to wear out by use2 opriti1 to dust off4 ,od1 ode1 denotes separation4 ,odnsti1 to carry away2 odraziti1 to rebound2 zahnati to repel2 odeslati1 to send away2 odvolati1 to recall2 odepsati1 to answer in writing2 odmtnouti1 to refuse2 odkrojiti1 to cut off4 ,po intensifies and makes personal the verb action4 7,prefix po shortens the stem vowel74 ,dti1 give2 podati1 to reach1 to hand2 psti1 to write2 popsati1 to cover with writing1 to describe2 milovati1 to love2 pomilovati1 to caress4 ,i4 ,review of the ,declensions4--,opakovn skloovn4 ,for this purpose the various types of declensions are grouped according to the cases4 ,the nominative and the ,objective 7,accusative7 case4 ,,masculine ,,declension4 ,the nominative case4 ,singular ,plural4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,adjectives ,nouns ,animate ,inanimate pronouns ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,dobr bratr dob brati umn lesy star strom star synov star stromy mj me moji holubi moje domy n stroj nai hoi nae stroje ten les ti ptci ty lny bratrv otec bratrovi kon bratrovy aty ,personal pronouns j1 ty1 on1 my1 vy oni1 ony4 ,objective ,case4 ,singular ,plural4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,animate ,inanimate ,animate ---------------------------------------- --------------- dobrho bratra dobr chlb dobr bratry starho kon star strom star kupce mho kupce mj stroj m1 moje stromy naeho uitele n dm nae syny toho orla jeho kabt ty stroje bratrova otce bratrv n bratrovy holuby ,personal pronouns mne1 m1 ns1 jej1 jeho1 ho1 je4 ,,feminine ,,declension ,singular ,plural4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,nominative ,objective ,nominative equals ,obj4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- dobr sestra dobrou sestru dobr sestry star dma star dmu star dmy moje1 m matka moji1 mou matku moje1 m dcery nae louka nai louku nae ruce ta mouka tu kost ty nohy bratrova dcera bratrovu dceru bratrovy tuky ,personal pronoun3 ona1 ony1 ji1 je4 ,jej1 hers is declined like star4 ,jeho1 his undeclined4 ,,neuter ,,declension4 ,singular ,plural4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,nominative and ,objective ,nom4 equals ,obj4 ---------------------------------------- ----- dobr maso bratrova koata sin moe dobr masa m1 moje pole star dti nae kue m1 moje pole to hb nae kuata bratrovo kot ta hbata ,personal pronoun ona1 ona1 je4 ,what are the uses of the nominative and objective cases 7,lesson ,,xv47 ,what prepositions are used with the objective case 7,lesson ,,xvi47 ,exercise ,i4 ,what class of nouns does each type represent2 distinguish between soft and hard declension4 ,give several nouns of each class and use them in sentences with adjectives and pronouns in the nominative and objective case4 ,note3 that in plural the nominative and the objective cases are equal in inanimate masculine1 in feminine and neuter declensions4 ,in singular the nominative equals the objective case in masculine inanimate and in neuter declensions4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,determine the case in following sentences and also determine whether the verb is perfective1 iterative or durative3 ,on mi in pekky v mm podniku4 ,vlc mocnosti smluvily mr4 ,nechci vm vytati vae chyby4 dn oban poslouch zkon i hj je4 ,musm etiti potravinami1 nebo zbyten maen jich jest zloinem4 ,hvzda hvzdu nezastn4 ,dokej asu1 jako husa klasu4 ,na podzim se dny krt a noci dlou4 ,kdo hled1 nalz4 ,na venkov jsme chodvali denn do lesa4 ,sbrvali jsme tam houby1 jahody a maliny4 ,slbiti a dti je dvoj4 ,sedni si a u se4 ,doetli jsme se v novinch o novm vtzstv spojenc4 ,kdybys to ihned odmtnul1 neml bys dalch obt4 ,v tto knize jest popsna velik vlka4 ,koupili jsme pytel brambor4 ,v ptel jest mu jemnch mrav a dkladnho vzdln4 ,nalo si toto bemeno na zda a odnes je4 ,podej mi tu hl4 ,neodmtej pomoci1 ale tak j nenaduvej4 ,kdybys byl dokonal svou prci vas1 dostal bys plnou odmnu4 ,to1 co jsem ekl1 neodvolm4 ,dostali jsme za lohu1 abychom popsali vstavu4 ,exercise ,,iii4 ,make sentences using verbs given in this lesson4 ,,xxxv4 ,pedlokov pedpony4--,prepositional prefixes4 ,pod--under1 denotes an underneath movement ,podseknouti1 to undercut2 podlehnouti1 to succumb1 to yield 7to fall under somebody's sway72 podplatiti1 to bribe2 podepsati1 to sign 7to write one's name to a document72 podporovati1 to support2 podtrhnouti1 to underline4 ,pro--denotes an action carried thru4 ,hrti1 to play2 prohrti1 to lose in play or game2 buditi1 to wake2 probuditi1 to awaken2 proniknouti1 to pierce thru1 to penetrate2 prohlsiti1 to proclaim4 ,pe--denotes carrying of an action over or across1 denotes also a repetition4 ,peskoiti1 to leap over2 pekrojiti1 to cut in two 7across a thing72 pendati1 to change the place of something1 to transport2 pevzti1 to take over1 to take possession of2 pevrhnouti1 to tip over1 to overturn2 peti1 to sew over1 resew2 pedlati1 to do a thing over4 ,ped signifies before4 ,pedloiti1 to lay before1 to submit2 pedplatiti1 to subscribe 7to pay in advance72 pedstaviti 7literally to place before71 to introduce4 ,pi signifies to effect a motion towards us or to some object4 ,pibliti se1 to draw near2 pinsti1 to bring1 to carry1 to deliver2 7nsti1 to carry72 pijti1 to come2 7jti to go74 ,roz denotes3 a7 expansion or separation2 b7 intensity of an action4 a7 ,rozbiti1 to break1 to smash to pieces2 7bti1 to beat72 roztrhnouti1 to tear apart2 roznsti1 to carry around2 rozlti1 to spill2 b7 rozzlobiti1 to make someone angry 7to anger someone72 rozpliti1 to heat up2 rozveseliti1 to make somebody merry4 ,s1 se denotes3 a7 an assembling action2 b7 also a downward movement4 a7 spteliti1 to make friends2 snsti dohromady1 to bring together1 to collect1 but also snsti1 to endure1 to bear2 svolati1 to call together4 b7--spadnouti1 to fall down2 shoeti1 to burn down2 shasnouti1 to extinguish4 ,sou signifies together4 ,souhlasiti1 to agree 7hlsiti1 to announce72 souviseti1 to hang together1 to be connected with4 ,u denotes3 a7 ability4 ,unsti1 to be able to carry2 udreti1 to be able to hold4 b7--thoroughness1 completion4 ,umti1 to wash1 to clean2 uvaiti1 to cook2 upadnouti1 to fall2 umoiti1 to wear to death2 uzlobiti se1 to anger to death2 utrmceti1 tire out4 ,v1 ve denotes an inward motion4 ,vzltnouti1 to fly2 vzbuditi1 to wake up2 vzksiti1 to resurrect2 vzmu- to force into2 vsaditi1 to plant1 to stake4 ,vy denotes3 a7 an outward motion 7out72 b7 an upward motion4 a7--,vyhoditi1 to throw out2 vynajti1 to find out1 to invent2 vyltnouti1 to fly out2 vymlouvati 7to talk out of trouble71 to excuse1 persuade2 vyprati1 to wash out2 vypustiti1 to let out2 vyrbti 7robiti to work71 to manufacture1 to produce2 b7--vyrsti1 to grow up1 vyskoiti1 to jump up4 ,vz denotes an upward motion4 ,vzltnouti1 to fly up2 vzbuditi1 to wake up2 vzksiti1 to resurrect2 vzmuiti1 to force into2 vsaditi1 to plant1 to stake1 to bet4 ,z gives a sense of thoroughness to the verb4 ,zhynouti1 to perish2 zmiti 7to measure up71 to survey2 zniiti1 to destroy4 ,za implies going beyond the mark4 ,zablouditi1 to go astray2 zahoditi1 to throw away2 zabrniti1 to hinder1 to prevent2 zatoiti1 to turn around4 ,,review ,,of ,,case ,,forms4 ,possessive case4 ,masculine and ,neuter dobrho bratra cizho lesa mho kupce jeho1 jejho stroje naeho jablka toho kuete bratrova pole ,feminine dobr ryby star re m ei na zem tv bratrovy jeho ,plural of all three genders4 dobrch bratr cizch les mch kupc naich stroj tch ryb bratrovch slov tch r e pol ,personal pronouns3 ,mne1 tebe1 ns1 vs1 jeho1 ho1 j 7n71 jich4 ,what are the uses of the possessive case8 ,what are the prepositions governing the possessive case8 ,exercise4 ,form sentences containing nouns1 adjectives and pronouns in the possessive case4 ,pozor6--ech spe ekne a nape3 ,bratrv kabt1 msto kabt bratra4 ,babiina truhla1 msto truhla babiky4 ,farmv dm1 msto dm farme4 ,avak3 ,kabt mho bratra2 truhla va babiky2 dm kadho farme4 ,avak z neivotnch podstatnch jmen se pivlastovac adjektiva nedlaj1 proto3 ,vko truhly1 ost noe1 krsn ozdoba domu etc4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,matka vyprala prdlo a uvaila veei4 ,pravdu nikdo nezni4 ,vzmume se6 ,v ,americe se vyrb mnoho stroj4 ,dti zabloudily v lese4 ,pibli se a uka se mi6 ,president prohlsil1 e ,amerika bude bojovati za demokracii1 dokud nezvtz4 ,byl jsem pedstaven svm bratrem on dm4 ,kdybyste si pedplatil tento asopis1 uinil byste dobe4 ,kdybys nehrl1 neprohrl bys4 ,dm shoel do zklad4 ,exercise ,,iii4 ,make sentences using verbs given in this lesson4 ,,xxxvi4 ,a verb may take two or even three prefixes to have its sense further modified3 sledovati1 to follow nsledovati1 to follow closely after2 pronsledovati1 to pursue2 napronsledovati se1 to pursue till one is weary of it2 jti1 to go najti1 to find 7to come to a thing72 vynajti1 to invent 7to find out a thing74 ,the purpose of the list of prefixes is to show the student the relationship of the verb family and to enable him to understand better the meaning and use of the composite verbs4 ,by paying attention to the origin and relationship the student will soon acquire feeling for the spirit of the language and will have no difficulty in understanding thousands of new verbs4 ,,trpn ,,rod4--,,the ,,passive ,,voice4 ,the ,bohemian has a special participle to express the passive voice4 ,trpn pest--passive participle4 ,this passive participle varies like the past 7active7 participle according to the gender and number of its subject4 ,it ends in most cases in -n 7seldom in -t7 for the masculine1 in -na 7-ta7 for the feminine1 and -no 7-to7 in the neuter in the singular number1 and in -ni 7-ti71 for masculine1 -ny 7-ty7 for feminine1 -na 7-ta7 for neuter in the plural number4 ,all the tenses and moods of the passive voice are compounded from the corresponding form of the auxiliary verb to be1 bti1 and the passive participle4 asovn slovesa chvliti v trpnm rod4 ,conjugation of the verb to praise in the passive voice4 ,trpn pechodnk--,passive participle1 chvlen1 -a1 -o2 ni1 -ny1 -a4 ,neurit zpsob1 ,infinitive1 bti chvlen1 to be praised4 ,oznamovac zpsob4--,indicative mood4 ,pt4 as4 ,present tense4 ,min4 as4 ,past tense4 ,bud4 as4 ,fut4 tense4 ,jsem chvlen ,byl jsem chvlen ,budu chvlen 7,i am praised7 7,i was praised7 7,i shall be praised7 jsi chvlen byl jsi chvlen bude chvlen jest chvlen byl chvlen bude chvlen ,jsme chvleni ,byli jsme chvleni ,budeme chvleni jste chvleni byli jste chvleni budete chvleni jsou chvleni4 byli chvleni4 budou chvleni4 ,rozkazovac zpsob4--,imperative mood4 ,bu chvlen6 ,be praised6 7thou74 ,bume chvleni6 ,bute chvleni6 ,podmiovac zpsob4--,conditional mood4 ,ptomn as4 ,present time4 ,minul as4 ,past tense4 ,byl bych chvlen ,byl bych byl chvlen 7,i should be praised7 7,i should have been praised74 byl bys chvlen byl bys byl chvlen byl by chvlen byl by byl chvlen byli bychom chvleni byli bychom byli chvleni byli byste chvleni byli byste byli chvleni byli by chvleni byli by byli chvleni4 ,the above are masculine forms4 ,for the feminine add in the singular -a1 and in the plural exchange the final -i for -y2 for the neuter -o1 in the plural -a4 ,examples3 ci jsou chvleni4 k jest chvlen4 kyn jsou chvleny4 kyn jest chvlena4 ,zvata jsou zkrocena4 ,zve jest zkroceno 7tamed74 ,inanimate masculine subjects require the participle with -y4 ,kameny leely4 ,byly poloeny4 ,hoi leeli4 ,byli poranni4 ,notice the agreement of final -i and -y in noun and participle endings4 ,in lesson ,,xxi4 which contains the table of the ,bohemian verb1 the passive participle of various divisions is given4 ,in order to facilitate the study of the passive forms of the ,bohemian verbs are regrouped below according to the formation of their passive participles4 ,group ,a47 ,in verbs of this group the passive participle is formed from the imperative by adding the suffix -en 7-n74 ,first conjugation ,i4 sub4 nsti nes nesen ,third conjugation ,i4 sub4 chvliti chval chvlen 7,here the stem vowel is lengthened as in infinitive74 ,,ii4 sub4 hanti ha hann ,,iii4 sub4 trpti trp trpn ,b47 ,in verbs of this group the passive participle is formed by replacing the infinitive ending -ti by -n4 ,first conjugation ,,iii4 sub4 brti brn ,second conjugation volati voln ,fourth conjugation ,i4 sub4 milovati milovn ,c47 ,in verbs of this group the passive participle ends in -t which is added to the first person singular of the present indicative4 minouti tisknu minut minouti minu tisknut ,d47 ,here belong irregular verbs1 e4 g43 7,tisknut is a new form1 the older form is titn74 bti to beat bit pci to bake peen ,exercise ,i4 ,conjugate in passive voice 7follow the diagram of chvliti73 ,milovati to love1 volati to call1 uiti to teach1 platiti to pay 7placen71 nositi to carry 7noen74 ,,review ,,of ,,the ,,declension4 ,dative and locative case4 ,dative ,locative ,masculine and ,neuter ,masculine and ,neuter hustmu lesu v hustm lese starmu bratru o starm bratru mmu bratrovi mm bratru mmu slovu naem slovu1 slov naemu kupci tom kupci tomu stroji bratrov poli bratrovu kueti sestin kueti ,personal pronoun dative and locative singular mn1 mi2 tob1 ti2 sob1 si2 jemu1 mu2 j4 ,dative and locative feminine4 dobr ryb star ri m kosti na pan t bratrov ,plural of all three genders4 ,locative ,dative dobrch bratrech1 bratch dobrm bratrm starch lesch starm kupcm mch kupcch mm lesm naich strojch naim strojm tch slovech tm slovm bratrovch rybch bratrovm rybm ervench rch ervenm rm blch kostech blm kostem itnch polch itnm polm mladch kuatech mladm kuatm ,personal pronoun dative plural3 nm1 vm1 jim4 ,locative plural3 ns1 vs1 jich4 ,exercise ,i4 ,what are the uses of the dative and the locative case8 ,what are the prepositions with the dative and locative cases8 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,ne kadmu tst slou4 ,moudr nepodlh nhod4 emu se ute8 ,dvujte svm ptelm4 ,tko pravd se protiviti4 ,komu jste to donesl8 ,blznu i devn penz dobr4 ,jsme vrni sv vlasti4 ,on nm nen roven4 ,nemluvte patn o neptomnch lidech4 ,soused leeli si ve vlasch4 ,komu nen s hry dno1 v apatyce nekoup4 ,nevm1 co ve mn vid4 ,my o slavku a on o rch4 ,,xxxvii4 ,z trpnho pest jsou tvoena pdavn jmna a podstatn jmna slovesn4 ,hoch byl pochvlen4 ,the boy was praised4 ,pochvlen hoch4 ,the praised boy4 ,matka jest milovna4 ,the mother is loved4 ,milovan matko6 ,beloved mother6 ,okno bylo rozbito4 ,the window was broken4 ,rozbit okno4 ,the broken window4 ,when the possessive participle is used as an adjective1 it takes the regular adjectives ending4 71 1 in singular1 1 1 in plural74 ite rozdl mezi trpnm pestm a pdavnm jmnem2 toto m dlouh koncovky1 prv m krtk6 ,z minulho 7innho7 pest takt se tvo pdavn jmna podobnm zpsobem4 ,spadl1 fell2 spadl list1 fallen leaf2 uzrl1 ripened2 uzrl ovoce1 ripe fruit4 ,podstatn jmna slovesn4--,verbal nouns4 ,pidnm - 7,in ,english they end in -ing74 ,psn1 written2 psan1 writing2 chvlen1 praised2 chvlen1 praising4 ,vae psan jest neiteln4 ,your writing is illegible4 ,plin chvlen kod4 ,too much of praising harms4 ,skladba trpnho rodu4--,passive voice syntax4 ,brutus zabil ,caesara4 ,brutus killed ,caesar4 ,caesar byl zabit ,brutem4 ,caesar was killed by ,brutus4 ,in changing an active statement into a passive1 the subject of the active verb becomes object of the passive verb and vice versa4 ,the object of the passive verb1 the cause or instrument of the action is in ,bohemian in the instrumental case4 ,in ,english the instrumentality is denoted by the preposition by4 ,exercise ,i4 ,vtzov her olympijskch byli odmovni olivovmi vnci4 ,byli jsme pozvni k zbav4 ,pozvan host byli uvtni4 ,neptel byli poraeni a zahnni na tk4 ,umdlen dlnci odpovali4 ,ten dm bude zboen a na jeho mst bude postaven ndhern hotel4 ,kup novou sklenici na mst t rozbit4 ,na podzim jest zem pokryta spadlm listm4 ,zloinec byl odsouzen pro zloin zabit4 ,plin mluven kadmu kod4 ,dostal jsem dobrou znmku z kreslen4 ,lhanm se nevyle4 ,i okoral chlb je v nouzi dobr4 ,,review ,,of ,,the ,,declension4 ,the instrumental case4 ,masculine and neuter4 ,singular ,plural all genders4 dobrm bratrem dobrmi bratry hustm lesem hustmi lesy mm kupcem mmi kupci nam strojem naimi stroji tm slovem tmi poli bratrovm kuetem bratrovmi rybami cizm polem cizmi zemmi krsnmi emi lisnmi slovy naimi kuaty ,feminine4 dobrou rybou star zem mou e na lod tou houbou bratrovou matkou ,osobn nmstky v sedmm pd1 mnou1 tebou1 sebou1 jm1 j1 nmi vmi1 jimi4 ,exercise ,,ii4 ,chyba lovkem vldne4 ,hlad ned se slovem utiiti4 tst nmi kolem to a hr4 ,mlokdo bv spokojen se svm osudem4 ,nechlub se tm1 co nem4 ,zahrada vonla pjemnou vn4 ,chlapec se chvl strachem4 ,z lacin koup se radovali4 ,doufme a spolhme na vlastn sly4 ,hdaj se--nevd o em4 ,honza se s dobrou potzal4 ,kdo pravdu zastv1 vtzem zstv4 ,matka uvaila veei4 ,veee jest uvaena4 ,knihovna bude otevena4 ,kdy dobe vykonte svou prci1 budete pochvleni4 ,hoch napsal lohu4 ,jeho loha jest ji napsna4 ,a bude tv napsna1 pines mi ji4 ,bylo nm oznmeno1 abychom si pili pro svj plat4 ,ta nov sklenice jest rozbita4 ,kdo ji rozbil8 ,,xxxviii4 ,pechodnky4 7,gerunds1 transgressives74 ,pechodnky jsou slovesn tvary spojujc vlastnosti pdavnch jmn se slovesem4 ,smysl pechodnku mus bti vdy doplnn jinm slovesem1 zvanm slovesem dcm4 ,ex43 ,hled z okna1 obdivoval jsem krsnou krajinu4 7,while looking out of the window ,i admired the beautiful landscape74 ,hled 7j7 describes the pronoun j--7adjective function72 it describes also a state of being--7verbal function72 its sense is completed by another verb--obdivoval jsem4 ,obdivoval jsem--sloveso dc4 ,pechodnky jako pdavn jmna mn se dle rodu i sla a sice maj dva tvary v jednotnm sle pro rod musk hled pro rod ensk a stedn hledc1 a jeden tvar pro mnon slo hledce 7pro vechny rody74 ,pechodnky jako slovesa rozliuj dobu a dje a maj dva tvary asov4 ,tvary ptomn4 ,sing4 hled 7masc47 hledc 7fem4 and neut47 looking ,plur4 hledce ,tvary minul4 ,sing4 hledv 7masc471 hledvi 7fem4 and neut47 having been looking1 ,plur4 hledve pohledv1 having looked1 7sloveso perfektn74 ,k vli lepmu pehledu a zapamatovn si roztdme pechodnky dle podobnosti tvoen 7podobn jako trpn pest74 ,ptomn pechodnk tvo se z rozkazovacho zpsobu1 minul z kmene infinitivnho4 ,i4 tda4 ,neur4 zp4 ,rozkaz4 ,pechodnky umti umj umje umjc umjce umv umvi umve dreti dr dre drc drce drev drevi dreve prositi pros prose prosc prosce prosiv prosivi prosive pti pij pije pijc pijce piv pivi pive ,,ii4 tda4 volati volej volaje volajc volajce volav volavi volave ,,iii4 tda4 nsti nes nesa nesouc nesouce nes nesi nese minouti mi mina minouc minouce minuv minuvi minuve tisknouti tiskni tiskna tisknouc tisknouce tisknuv tisknuvi tisknuve ,,iv4 tda4 milovati miluj miluje milujc milujce milovav milovavi milovave ,z ptomnho pechodnku enskho rodu tvo se pdavn jmna pponou - 7sklonn dle vzoru severn47 ,milujc ena1 loving wife4 ,vazby pechodnku4--,syntax with gerunds4 ,i4 ,pechodnk ptomn neukonench 7imperfective7 sloves 7,lesson ,,xxxiv47 znamen souasnost 7coincidence7 dje se slovesem dcm3 ,hled z okna1 obdivuji4 ,while looking out of the window ,i admire4 ,hled z okna1 obdivoval jsem4 ,while looking out of the window ,i admired4 ,,ii4 ,pechodnk ptomn ukonench 7perfective7 sloves zna obvykle budoucnost 7pedchzen futurity precedence7 dje ped slovesem dcm3 ,vythnouce do pole1 zaeneme neptele4 ,taking the field we shall chase away the enemy4 ,,iii4 ,pechodnk minul neukonench sloves naznauje minulost dje souasn se slovesem dcm3 ,hledv z okna obdivoval jsem4 ,having been looking out of the window ,i admired4 ,,iv4 ,pechodnk minul ukonench sloves naznauje minulost dje ped slovesem dcm3 ,pohldnuv z okna1 uvidl jsem4 ,having looked out of the window ,i have seen4 ,vythnuve do pole1 zaeneme neptele4 ,upon our having taken to the field we shall drive away the enemy4 ,pechodnky zkracuj vty4 ,hled z okna obdivuji se rovn3 ,hledm z okna a obdivuji4 ,hled z okna obdivoval jsem se rovn3 ,hledl jsem z okna a obdivoval4 ,vythnouce do pole zaeneme neptele se rovn3 ,kdy vythneme do pole1 zaeneme neptele4 ,nauiv se loze1 el jsem do koly rovn se3 ,kdy jsem se nauil loze1 el jsem do koly4 ,pechodnkem krtme takov vty1 kde podmt obou dj jest t4 ,pi krcen smysl vt nesm bti zmnn4 ,pi krcen spojka 7conjunction7 se vypust4 ,pechodnk se uv jen ve spisovn ei4 ,ve star etin byly tyto tvary vce uvny4 ,exercise4 ,jsa hladov1 lev pepad i stda a osady lidsk4 ,svce lidem slouc sama se stravuje4 ,skivnek vyletv do mraku1 zajsal v krsn psni4 ,uloivi sv dtky ke span1 matka dokonila svou prci4 ,vykoupave se1 li jsme se nasndat4 ,hledajce houby1 prochzme se lesem4 ,proda sama ukonivi a uzpsobivi echy ve zvltn celek1 pedustanovila tm hlavn rz historie esk4 7,palack7 ,byl to hrozn pohled na zpasc neptele4 ,,xxxix4 ,pslovce4--,adverbs4 ,pslovce msta4--,adverbs of place4 7,opakujte o pslovcch lohu ,,xviii47 ,tyto rozdlme dle toho1 uruj-li msto 7position71 nebo smr 7direction74 7,v anglitin tchto rozdl nen74 ,kde8 where8 kam8 where to8 zde1 tu1 here2 sem1 here2 nikde1 nowhere2 tam1 there2 vude1 everywhere2 nkam1 somewhere2 jinde1 somewhere else2 nikam1 nowhere2 dom1 home2 doma1 at home2 jinam1 somewhere else2 nahoru1 up2 dol1 down2 v levo1 to the left2 v pravo1 to the right2 nazpt1 back4 ,odkud8 from where2 odjinud from somewhere else2 odnkud from somewhere2 odnikud from nowhere2 odevad from everywhere2 zdola from below2 shora from the top2 tudy this way2 jinudy the other way4 ,pslovce asu4--,adverbs of time4 ,dnes today2 ztra tomorrow2 vera yesterday2 pedevrem1 day before yesterday2 pozt day after tomorrow2 vdy always2 nikdy never2 nkdy sometimes2 asto often2 zdka seldom2 te1 nyn now2 jindy at other time2 onehdy the other day2 brzy soon2 hned right away2 asn early2 pozd late2 pod1 stle1 ustavin constantly2 nejprve at first2 potom afterwards4 ,pslovce zpsobu4--,adverbs of manner4 ,jak8 how1 as2 tak this way2 nijak in no way2 velijak1 ledajak in various ways2 mnoho1 great deal2 mlo little2 rd gladly2 mlem almost2 pli too much2 skoro almost2 velice1 velmi great deal2 zvolna slowly2 zerstva quickly2 tm zpsobem in this manner1 in this way2 ,proto therefore1 for that reason2 jak8 how8 in question2 jak as1 so1 as soon as1 in description2 tak so1 in such way4 ,jak se uzdravil1 odeel4 ,as soon as he got well he left4 ,tak jako on1 as well as he4 ,cvien ,studujte vznam pslovc v nsledujcch vtch3 ,kdy jste piel8 ,piel jsem prv te 7nyn74 ,nejprve pjdeme do koly a potom si budeme hrti4 ,dnes jest tvrtek1 ztra ptek4 ,vera jsme pijeli1 pozt odjedeme4 ,pijte brzo6 ,pjdeme hned4 ,dobr lovk jest stle ochoten konati dobro4 ,jak to mm udlati8 ,dlejte to tak4 ,to rd udlm4 ,odevad se hrnuli neptel4 ,jsem pli umdlena4 ,vy jste pli laskava4 ,mlem by byl upadl4 ,jest mi skoro dvacet let4 ,odkud jsi piel8 ,odnikud mi nepichz pomoc4 ,jdi nazpt a pines penze4 ,kde jsi8 ,jsem zde4 ,kam jde8 ,jdu tam1 odkud tys piel4 ,pokoj je v pravo1 lonice v levo4 ,nemohl jsem to nikde najti4 ,nikam nepjde4 ,jedeme dol do msta4 ,pijte nahoru4 ,jest to tak1 jak jsem ekl4 ,dlej svou prci podn a ne ledajak4 ,cvien ,,ii4 ,studujte pdy a slovesn tvary v nsledujcch vtch4 ,nen pamtnka takov zimy4 ,mnoho ps zajcova smrt4 ,jenom lovk pevn vle pemh pekky4 ,mil pteli1 bu dobr mysli4 ,nrod chopil se zbran1 aby uhjil svch svobod4 ,lep hrst jistoty1 neli pytel nadje4 ,kde jich mnoho vel1 tam se mysli dl4 ,host a ryba tetho dne pchne4 ,bute dbal svch povinnost4 koda krsy1 kde rozumu nen4 tst o berle se vlee1 a netst lt na kdlech4 ,bylo to loni o vnocch4 ,po ovoci jejich poznte je4 ,syn nos aty po otci4 ,slepika po zrneku klove4 ,trvme pevn na svch prvech4 ,ptel pteli hrad stav1 neptel nepteli rakev tee4 ,pohan modlm se klanli4 ,vak nen jet vem dnm veer4 ,skromnost by ti lpe sluela ne przdn pcha4 ,nouze nau prci4 ,truhl rozum svmu emeslu4 ,,xl4 ,,spojky4--,,conjunctions4 ,souadn spojky4--,coordinate ,conjunctions4 ,a47 ,spojky spojujc vty a sti vty 7phrases47 a and ,pn a sluha4 ,the master and the servant4 i and also ,vy i j tam pjdeme4 ,you and ,i also will go there4 t as well1 too ,ona to t ekla4 ,she1 too1 said it4 ,ani4--,in negative sentences instead of i comes ani1 nor neither4 ,vy ani j tam nepjdeme4 ,you nor ,i shall go there4 ,ani vy ani j4 ,neither you nor ,i4 ,vy i j tam pjdeme4 ,you and ,i shall go there4 tak also ,my to tak vme4 ,we also know it4 t i1 ili1 nebo1 anebo1 ,vy i j4 ,you or ,i4 or4 bu1 whether1 bu--anebo1 either or4 ,buto pracujte1 anebo odejdte4 ,either work or leave4 pak then ,nejprve prci1 pak 7potom7 plat4 potom latter1 ,first work1 then pay4 poslze finally4 ,poslze jsme pili k jeskyni4 ,finally we came to a cave4 ,brzo--brzo1 soon--soon 7then74 ,brzy on1 brzy j4 ,soon he1 soon ,i4 ,netoliko--nbr1 netoliko--avak4 ,not only--but also4--,netoliko ,polci1 nbr i echov daj samostatnost4 ,not only the ,poles but also the ,bohemians demand independence4 ,b47 ale but ,ale may be placed first in sentence1 not avak avak4 ,j pracoval1 ale bratr odpoval4 ,i worked1 but my brother rested4 pece1 yet1 nevertheless ,mal jehlika1 pece pchnut bol4 ,though the needle be small1 nevertheless its sting pains4 ne1 but ,je hodn1 ne m zl rdce4 ,he is good but has bad advisers4 dve ne1 before1 ,zavolejte mne1 dve ne odejdete4 ,call me ne than2 before you leave4 ,lpe ne ty4 ,better than radji ne1 rather than you4 ne--nbr1 not--but ,ne vy1 nbr on bude potrestn4 ,not you but he will be punished4 sice1 or else ,zaplate1 sice vs zaaluji4 ,pay or ,i'll 7as a matter of fact7 sue you4 ,vy sice nevyhovujete1 ale zkusm vs jet jednou4 ,as a matter of fact you do not come up to the expectation but ,i'll try you once more4 ,c47 nebo because ,pines to1 nebo 7vdy7 toho potebuji4 for ,bring it1 for ,i need it4 vdy hence ,d47 proto therefore1 ,lete1 proto vm nevme4 ,you lie therefore proe for that we don't believe you4 ,nepsal mi1 proto1 proe1 tud reason1 7tud71 7tedy7 jsem neekal4 ,he didn't write tedy so therefore 7so7 ,i did not wait4 ,distinguish proto therefore1 and protoe because1 since4--,protoe se neute1 proto propadnete4 ,because you don't study1 therefore you will fail4 ,spojky podadn4--,subordinate ,conjunctions4 e1 that ,divm se1 e vy to nevte4 ,i am surprised that you don't know it4 protoe ,protoe1 ponvad1 jeto byla mal roda1 ve ponvad because1 jest drah4 ,since the crop was small everything jeto since is dear4 ,by1 aby1 that1 in order4 ,in ,english1 it is frequently rendered by infinitive4 ekni1 aby piel4 ,tell him to come4 ,oznamuji to1 aby to vdl4 ,i announce it in order that he may know it4 a1 akoliv1 although4 ,a se mi to nepodailo4 ,although ,i did not succeed4 jestli1 jestlie -li1 if4 ,jestli to nevte1 povm vm to4 ,if you don't know it1 ,i'll tell you that4 ,ped spojkami ale1 e1 kdy1 kdy1 kdyby1 ponvad1 zdali1 jestli1 jestlie1 a1 akoliv1 jsou-li uprosted vty1 dlme rku 7comma74 ,cvien3 ,zamte spojky jinmi s podobnm vznamem a pozorujte1 zda smysl vty byl zmnn3 ,vidl jsem i uvil jsem4 ,ani oko nevidlo1 ani ucho neslyelo4 ,litera zabj1 ale duch oivuje4 ,mra se1 avak preti nebude4 ,nen nm ivot krtk dn1 ne my jej krtme4 ,neprosm1 nbr prva svho dm4 ,neboj se1 vdy jsem s tebou4 ,ne ve doma m1 proto tak lid potebuje4 ,rda koka ryby j1 vak do vody se j nechce4 ,jednou ranou dub nepadne1 proto v prci vytrvej4 ,poslechni1 sice bude potrestn4 ,jeliko jsi lenoch1 nemaj t lid rdi4 ,psnika4 ,kdo zazpv si vesele a koho ivot t1 ten zdrv nm budi1 ptel1 neb on se neprohe4 ,on psn sob ulev1 i kdy ho nco t1 a pnu bohu nekivd a lidem neubl4 ,u rajsk brny1 ptel1 tam svat ,petr stoj a smutn i ty vesel se due kolem roj4 ,z tch smutnch mnohou zastav a jej hchy t2 vak dui1 kterou til svt1 hned z dlky k rji vit4 ,j4 ,v4 ,sldek ,,xli4 ,,pravidla ,,pravopisn4--,,orthographical ,,rules4 ,krtk a dlouh samohlsky3 a1 e1 i1 o1 u1 y2 1 1 1 1 7 velmi dk71 1 1 4--,dlejte rku nad psmenou1 kter m dlouh zvuk4 se pe na zatku1 uprosted a na konci slov4 7,pi ohbn se mn v o74 ,mkk a tvrd souhlsky3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j1 jsou mkk souhlsky1 po nich se pe vdy i1 neb 4 h1 ch1 k1 d1 t1 n1 r jsou tvrd souhlsky1 po nich se pe y neb 4 ,vjimky4--,slova cizho pvodu 7vtinou vzat z latiny neb etiny71 zachovvaj tot y neb i1 jak maj v anglitin1 do kter byly t pevzaty3 ,ex43 cylindr1 orient1 technika1 diamant1 ,kristus1 ,richard etc4 ,mkk slabiky3 ,msto i1 i1 i peme di1 ti1 ni2 m1 b1 p1 v1 d1 t1 n4 ,pozor na m a mn6 ,mn nebo mi jest dative1 nebo locative nmstky j4 ,m jest objective neb possessive nmstky ,j4 ,podobn ,t4 ,mn se vyskytuje ve slovech1 kde jin odvozeniny maj mn3 upmn1 upmn4--,mn jest dk4 ,m--msto1 miti1 jmn etc4 ,obojetn souhlsky3 ,b1 p1 l1 m1 s1 v1 z4 ,uvnit slov se po nich pe i neb 1 vyjma v nsledujcch slovech a odvozeninch1 kter maj y neb 3 po b3 bti1 to be 7aby1 bych1 byl1 kdyby1 odbti1 byt1 obyvatel1 nbytek1 zbyten1 starobyl etc47 bystr1 sharp1 smart4 bylina plant1 7bl weeds7 kobyla mare1 7kobylka grasshopper71 bk bull1 obyej habit4 po l3 lys bare1 mln mill 7mlyn71 slyeti to hear 7vyslchati1 slyen71 polykati to swallow 7vzlykati71 blskati se to lighten1 ltko 7calf of foot71 lko bast1 plyn gas 7plynouti1 pltvati1 plynn74 ,po m3 my we2 my mouse2 hmyz insect2 mti to wash 7mdlo1 mydl1 mydlina74 mliti se to err2 7omyl1 zmlen72 mysl mind 7smysl1 mysl1 dmysl1 prmysl1 myslivec1 lehkomysln72 odmykati unlock 7zamykati1 smkati1 smyec74 ,po p3 pysk1 lip2 pytel bag 7pytlk72 kopyto hoof2 pcha haughtiness 7pyn1 pepych72 tpyt luster1 shine 7tpytiti se72 zpytovati to investigate 7prodozpyt72 pykati to rue1 repent2 piti se to blush4 ,po s3 syn son 7zlosyn1 synovec72 syt full1 satisfied 7sytiti to feed72 sr cheese 7syreek1 syrovtka72 syeti to hiss2 sypati to strew2 oschati to dry 7vyschati74 ,po v3 prefix vy- 7vyskoiti1 vnos etc472 vy1 you2 vysok high 7poviti1 vina72 vskati to yell2 vkati to chew2 vti to howl2 zvyk habit 7zvykati1 obvykl1 povyk74 ,po z3 brzy soon2 jazyk tongue2 nazvati to name4 ,u vtiny ppad1 kde ve spisovn etin jest 1 obecn se k ej4 ,bt--bejt2 pcha--pejcha2 nov--novej2 star--starej etc4 7,avak zejtra--ztra1 noejek--noek etc47 ,konen tvrd y jest u tvrdch sklonn jmn rodu enskho1 stednho a neivotn bytosti rodu muskho4 ,ryby1 koly1 sudy4 7,t v objektivnm a instrumentlnm pd v tvrdm sklonn ivotn bytosti rodu muskho74 ,pdavn jmna trojvchodn kon v muskm rod na 4 ,e4 g43 ,star1 vysok1 nov4 ,toto se mn v mnonm sle1 pro ivotnou bytost v 7star lid71 vysoc 7pnov71 nov 7ci74 ,minul pest sloves a trpn pechodnk kon na y v mnonm sle u enskho a stednho rodu a u neiv bytosti muskho rodu4 ,stromy byly velik4 ,dobe rostly4 ,stromy byly znieny4 ,kachny plovaly4 ,byly chyceny4 ,ale pro musk rod a ivotnou bytost v mnonm sle3 ,hoi beli4 ,vojci bojovali4 ,vidme1 jak tvrd y nsleduj jedno po druhm4 ,tot plat i o mkkm i v muskm rod iv bytosti4 ,hoi pili4 ,byli pozvni4 ,u sloves v ptomnm ase nikdy se nevyskytuje na konci y neb 1 tedy um1 nos1 v etc4 ,zaten velk psmeno4 peme a7 na potku vty2 b7 u jmen vlastnch3 ,karel1 echy1 ,chicago1 ,amerika4 c7 u titul knih3 ,palackho ,djiny nrodu eskho2 ,vrchlickho ,legenda o sv4 ,prokopu4 d7 titulov nmstky3 ,vy pteli1 ,vm1 ,vs1 ,ty1 ,tebe etc4 ,j 7,i7 se pe v etin s malm j4 7,u jmen pdavnch a pslovc rozliujeme od anglitiny3 mluvme esky1 we speak ,bohemian74 e7 ,v eskch bsnch ponaj se dky malou psmenou4--,vjimku tvo potky novch vt4 ,,xlii4 ,tvoen slov4--,formation of words4 ,vyjma velice mal procento cizch slov1 etina jest jednolit jazyk1 projevujc velikou pbuznost slov4 ,slovo se tvo pomoc pedpon 7prefixes71 ppon 7suffixes71 a zdka pomoc vpon 7infixes1 ex4 -nou-1 klesati1 klesnouti74 ,pedpony--,prefixes4 ,tyto studovali jsme pi slovesech v cvien #cd4 a #ce4 7slovesa perfektivn74 ,ze sloves perfektivnch--prv jako z jinch sloves--tvo se podstatn a pdavn jmna1 kter ovem podr pedponu pvodnho slovesa a tm i jeho smysl4 ,pklady3 hledati1 to look for4--,nahldnouti to look in1 rozhldnouti se to look around1 prohldnouti to look through1 to search4 ,podstatn a pdavn jmna1 odvozen z pvodnho slovesa3 hldka watch1 hlda watchman1 hledn the searching1 hledan sought for1 desired4 7,hledan lovk1 sought for1 desired person74 ,podstatn a pdavn jmna1 z odvozench sloves3 prohldka1 inspection2 nhled1 opinion 7mental look into the affair72 rozhled1 view1 survey2 prohldka1 inspection2 nahlen1 looking in2 rozhlen1 looking around 7observation7--rozhldnut1 looking around 7momentous72 prohldnut1 searched4 ,nov podstatn a pdavn jmna jsou tvoena pponami ke kmenu slovesnmu1 nebo ke kmenu podstatnch a pdavnch jmen4 ,pro velikou rozmanitost jen nejdleitj budou uvedena4 ,ppony podstatnch jmen4--,noun suffixes4 -stvo1 -stv--pn noble1 panstvo nobility1 panstv estate1 kesan ,christian1 kesanstvo ,christendom1 kesanstv ,christianity4 ---list leaf1 list all the leaves taken together1 uhel coal1 uhl4 -7i7--bti to beat1 bi whip2 nositi to carry1 nosi carrier2 rti to dig1 r spade4 -inec--host guest1 hostinec inn2 chudobn poor1 chudobinec poorhouse4 -ina--ciz foreign1 cizina foreign country4 -ice--led ice1 lednice ice house2 kruh circle1 krunice circular outline4 -it--trh market1 trit market place2 ohe fire1 ohnit fire place4 -rna--kva1 coffee1 kavrna coffeehouse2 lk medicine1 drug1 lkrna drugstore2 kovati to forge1 kovrna the forge4 -stv--mal painter1 malstv painting occupation2 ryt knight1 rytstv knighthood4 ,pedpony oznaujc mue1 neb zamstnn mu 7masculine occupation74 -isko--dobr good1 dobrotisko good fellow4 -k--obuv footwear1 obuvnk shoemaker2 zlato gold1 zlatnk jeweler4 -n--ele servant people1 eledn man servant1 voj army1 vojn soldier4 ---uhel coal1 uhl coal seller1 charcoal burner2 malovati to paint1 mal painter4 -a--pci1 to bake peka1 psti to write1 psa writer1 copyist4 ---mdlo soap1 mydl soap maker2 ezati to cut1 to carve1 ezb carver4 -k--hloup silly1 hlupk silly fellow2 msto city1 mk city dweller4 ---vous beard1 vous bearded man4 ,ppony oznaujc bu zamstnn eny1 neb manelsk stav s muem uvedenho zamstnn4 -ka--mal1 malka1 uhl1 uhlka1 mydl1 mydlka1 ech1 eka1uitel1 teacher1 uitelka1 lka physician1 lkaka4 -ice--holub pigeon1 holubice2 lev lion1 lvice lioness1 obuvnk1 shoemaker1 obuvnice1 shoemaker's wife1 sklepnk waiter1 sklepnice waitress4 -yn 7kyn7--otrok1 slave1 otrokyn woman slave2 bh1 god1 bohyn goddess1 k popl1 kyn1 umlec1 umlkyn4 ---pn mister1 pan mistress4 -ov--mistr 7master71 mistrov1 pak u jmn ,novk1 ,novkov etc4 ,pozorujte1 e nkter ppony krt kmenovou souhlsku3 szeti to set1 saze typesetter1 sla strength1 silk strong fellow4 ,ppony jmen pdavnch4--,adjective suffixes4 iv1 7-av7--erv worm1 erviv worm-eaten2 lska love1 laskav kind4 -liv--trvn--duration1 trvanliv durable2 zdn appearance1 zdnliv apparent4 -ovit--suk knot1 sukovit knotty2 kousek little piece1 kouskovit consisting of little pieces4 -n--moc power1 mocn powerful2 prce work1 pracn1 made by great work 7effort74 -n--naznauje pvod 7origin7--devo wood1 devn of wood2 sklo glass1 sklenn made of glass4 -n 7naznauje pvod mstn1 locality7--sever north1 severn northern2 jih south1 jin southern4 -v--hra play1 hrav playful2 krev blood1 krvav bloody4 -it1 at1 -nat--les forest1 lesnat covered by forests2 hlas voice1 hlasit loud4 -k1 -sk--pn lord1 pansk lordly2 bh god1 bosk godlike4 ---ryba fish1 ryb of the fish1 ryb tlo body of the fish1 etc4 ,nsleduje-li ppona -n neb -n1 n1 obdrme zdvojen nn3 den day denn daily2 in act1 inn active4 ,ppona -k po k dv zdvojen k3 mknouti1 mkk4 ,ppony sloves4--,verb suffixes4 -iti--barva paint1 barviti to paint1 soud tribunal1 souditi to judge4 -ovati--chyba mistake1 chybovati to make mistakes1 dk thank1 dkovati to thank4 -ti--ediv gray1 edivti to be getting gray4 -ati--zelen green1 zelenati to be getting green1 to show the green color1 hloub 7hloubka7 depth1 hloubati to think deeply1 to ponder4 -outi--lut yellow1 loutnouti to be getting yellow1 star old1 strnouti to be getting old4 ,the last three suffixes ti1 ati and outi form the so called inchoative verbs expressing a beginning and growing of an action4 ,minul a trpn pechodnk mn se v pdavn jmno pidnm - pro musk rod j4 4 a dlouenm koncovky v ostatnch rodech a v mnonm sle4 ,sml1 was allowed1 sml1 -1 - audacious4 ,zlomen1 zlomen4 ,strnouti1 to be getting old2 sestrl1 one who became 7grew7 old4 ,tvoen pslovc z pdavnch jmen1 viz lohu ,,xviii4 ,slovesa sloen4 ,mnoho slov povstalo spojenm dvou slovnch pojm3 zlo1 wrong2 in1 deed2 zloin1 crime2 oko1 eye2 men 7mihnut71 twinkle2 okamen1 an instant twinkle2 ostr1 sharp2 vtip wit2 ostrovtip1 sharpmindedness1 cleverness2 snhobl1 snow-white2 krtkozrak1 shortsighted4 ,slovesn pbuzenstv4--,kinship of words4 ,pro studenta etiny jest velice dleit1 by si uvdomil pbuznost a vznik slov1 nebo jen tak vnikne rychle v bohatstv a krsy jazyka4 ,kad slovo jest soust velik slovn rodiny2 seznamujce se s vam slovem seznamte se s ostatnmi leny rodiny4 ,hledejte1 jak1 z eho slovo povstalo a jak jin slova mohou bti z nho odvozena4 ,pklad slovnho pbuzenstv3 ,sedti1 to sit2 posedti si1 to sit for a while2 vysedti1 to hatch2 odsedti1 to sit in prison to the end of the sentence2 sedati1 sedvati1 to use to sit2 zasedati1 to sit parlament or similar body2 pedseda1 president2 neposeda1 one who can not keep quiet2 zasedac s1 chamber of sitting2 sedlk1 a farmer 7settler72 selka1 farmer's wife2 sedlaiti1 to farm2 usedlost1 farming place2 sedlo1 saddle2 sedl1 saddler2 usedl1 settled down2 osada1 village 7settlement72 sad1 orchard2 sdlo1 settling place2 szeti1 to plant1 a z tohoto slovesa nov ada slov se d udlati4 ,cvien3 tte pipojen lnky a studujte slova a7 jak jsou odvozena1 b7 kter slova se z nich odvoditi daj4 ,jaro4 ,jara skokem pibvalo4 ,lid pracovali ji v polch1 nahoe na strni vyhvali se hadi a jetrky1 e se jich dti1 jdouce na podzmeck vrch hledat fialek a konvalinek1 vdy lekly4 ,ale babika jim kala1 aby se nebly1 e do svatho ,ji dn zve nen jedovat1 e se me vzti do ruky4 8,ale potom01 dokldala1 8kdy slunce u je vysoko1 potom je v nich jed40 ,na louce za splavem rozkvtalo buli oko1 pryskynk1 na strni modraly se podlky a zlatov leskly se petrkle4 ,dti sbraly mlad lupnky do polvky1 pinely houstkm kopivy a babika1 kdykoli la do chlva1 slibovala strace1 e u co nejdv pjde na pastvu4 ,stromy prkem obalovaly se listem1 komi vesele hrli ve vzduchu1 skivnek vznel se vysoko v povt4 ,dti ho slyely1 ale mlokdy malho zpvka vidly4 ,tak eulku poslouchvaly a kiely do lesa3 8eulko1 povz nm1 jak dlouho budeme ivy80 ,nkdy zakukala1 ale nkdy se ,adlka na ni zlobila1 e schvln nechce zakukati4 ,chlapci uili ,adlku otloukati vrbov palky2 kdy pak j palka nepskala1 dvali vinu1 e pi otloukn nedobe kala4 ,boena ,nmcov4 had1 snake jetrka1 lizard fialka1 violet konvalinka1 lily of the valley buli oko1 butter cup pryskynk1 ranunculus petrkl1 primrose kopiva1 nettle skivnek1 lark eulka1 cuckoo ,lidsk radost4 ,hoj1 ta lidsk radost1 ptek neposeda3 kadou chvilku sob jinou haluz hled4 ,co pak t haluzce1 vzpomnka j zbyla1 o kterou ta radost jednou zavadila4-- ,he ale srdci1 oputn snti1 kam po cel ivot radost nepilet4 ,j4 ,pokorn-,pikulk4 ,translate following fables into idiomatic ,bohemian3 ,the trumpeter taken prisoner4 ,a trumpeter marched into battle in the van of the army and put courage into his comrades by his warlike tunes4 ,being captured by the enemy1 he begged for his life1 and said3 8,don't put me to death2 ,i have killed no one2 indeed ,i have no weapons but carry with me only my trumpet here04 ,but his captors replied3 8,that is only the more reason why we should take your life2 for1 though you do not fight yourself1 you stir up others to fight40 trumpeter1 truba van1 pedvoj warlike melodies1 vlen melodie captor1 ten1 kdo nkoho zajal stir up1 povzbuzovati others to fight1 jin k boji ,the ,fox and the ,grapes4 ,a hungry fox saw some fine bunches of grapes hanging from a vine that was trained along a high trellis1 and did his best to reach them by jumping as high as he could into the air4 ,but it was all in vain for they were just out of reach3 so he gave up jumping1 and walked away with an air of dignity and unconcern1 remarking3 8,i thought those grapes were ripe1 but ,i see now they are quite sour40 trellis1 mka he gave up trying1 pestal zkouet thought those grapes were ripe1 myslel1 e ty hrozny jsou zral fox1 lika 7ta feminine74 ,the ,hunter and the ,woodman4 ,a hunter was searching in the forest for the track of a lion1 and catching sight presently of a woodman engaged in felling a tree1 he went up to him and asked him if he had noticed a lion's footprints anywhere about1 or if he knew where his den was4 ,the woodman answered3 8,if you will come with me1 ,i will show you the lion himself40 ,the hunter turned pale with fear1 and his teeth chattered as he replied3 8,oh1 ,i'm not looking for the lion1 thanks1 but only for his tracks40 hunter1 honec woodman1 drvotp tracks1 stopy catching sight1 zahldnuv footprints1 stopy den1 jeskyn1 doup chattered1 cvakaly ,oh1 ,i'm not looking for the lion1 thanks4 ,o1 j nehledm lva1 dky4 ,diogenes the ,wise ,man4 ,at ,corinth1 in ,greece1 there lived a very wise man whose name was ,diogenes4 ,men came from all parts of the land to see him and hear him talk4 ,but wise as he was1 he had some very queer ways4 ,he did not believe that any man ought to have more things than he really needed2 and he said that no man needed much4 ,and so he did not live in a house1 but slept in a tub or barrel1 which he rolled about from place to place4 ,he spent his days sitting in the sun1 and saying wise things to those who were around him4 ,at noon one day1 ,diogenes was seen walking through the streets with lighted lantern1 and looking all round as if in search of something4 8,why do you carry a lantern when the sun is shining80 some one said4 8,i am looking for an honest man01 answered ,diogenes4 ,when ,alexander the ,great went to ,corinth1 all the foremost men in the city came out to see him and to praise him4 ,but ,diogenes did not come2 and he was the only man for whose opinions ,alexander cared4 ,and so1 since the wise man would not come to see the king1 the king went to see the wise man4 ,he found ,diogenes1 lying on the ground by his tub4 ,he was enjoying the heat and the light of the sun4 ,when he saw the king and a great many people coming1 he sat up and looked at ,alexander4 ,alexander greeted him and said3 8,diogenes1 ,i have heard a great deal about your wisdom4 ,is there anything that ,i can do for you80 8,yes10 said ,diogenes4 8,you can stand a little on one side1 so as not to keep the sunshine from me40 ,this answer was so different from what he expected1 that the king was much surprised4 ,but it did not make him angry2 it only made him admire the strange man all the more4 ,when he turned to ride back1 he said to his officers3 8,say what you will2 if ,i were not ,alexander1 ,i would like to be ,diogenes40 ,corinth1 ,korint wise1 moudr queer ways1 divn zpsoby in a tub1 ve kopku honest man1 poctiv lovk in a barrel1 v sudu spent his days1 trvil dny lantern1 lampa enjoying the heat and the light of the sun1 til se teplu a slunenmu svtlu did not make him angry1 nerozhnvalo ho made him admire1 vzbudilo jeho obdiv ,i would like to be ,diogenes1 rd bych byl ,diogenem ,alexander the ,great1 ,alexander ,velik ,the ,fox and the ,crow4 ,a crow was sitting on a branch of a tree with a piece of cheese in her beak when a fox observed her and set his wits to work to discover some way of getting the cheese4 ,coming and standing under the tree he looked up and said3 8,what a noble bird ,i see above me6 ,her beauty is without equal1 the hue of her plumage exquisite4 ,if only her voice is as sweet as her looks are fair1 she ought without doubt to be queen of the birds40 ,the crow was hugely flattered by this1 and just to show the fox that she could sing she gave a loud crow4 ,down came the cheese1 of course1 and the fox1 snatching it up1 said3 8,you have a voice1 madam1 ,i see3 what you want is wits40 to discover some way of getting the cheese1 aby vynala1 jakm zpsobem by se zmocnila sra4 ,what a noble bird1 jak to vzcn ptk without equal1 nem sob rovn the hue1 barva of her plumage is exquisite1 jejho pe jest ndhern hugely flattered1 j bylo nesmrn polichoceno snatching it up1 uchvtivi jej ,i see3 ,what you want is wits4 ,vidm1 eho se ti nedostv1 jest dvtip4 ,the ,crow and the ,pitcher4 ,a thirsty crow found a pitcher with some water in it1 but so little was there that1 try as she might1 she could not reach it with her beak1 and it seemed as though she would die of thirst within sight of the remedy4 ,at last she hit upon a clever plan4 ,she began dropping pebbles into the pitcher1 and with each pebble the water rose a little higher until at last it reached the brim1 and the knowing bird was enabled to quench her thirst3 ,necessity is the mother of invention4 as though she would die of thirst1 jako by mla zahynouti zn crow1 vrna pitcher1 dbnek beak1 zobk hit upon a clever plan1 pipadla na chytr npad pebbles1 oblzky reached the brim1 doshla okraje quench her thirst1 uhasiti ze necessity1 poteba1 nouze invention1 vynlez ,,errata4 ,transcriber's ,note3 the errata have been corrected as part of the process of producing this e-text 7as has the spelling of the above heading1 printed as 8,,erata074 ,page #bc--third line from the top1 8sestra0 7not setra74 0 #cf--lesson ,x1 second line1 8jmna0 7not jmena74 0 #cg--third line1 8many are neuter0 7not i74 0 #dj--sixth line1 8pro0 7not pero74 seventh line1 8prem0 7not perem74 0 #dc--twenty second line1 8,english perfect0 7not ,english perject74 0 #di--;fifth line from the bottom1 8pro svho bratra0 7not pro mho bratra74 0 #ea--second line from the top1 8,i go to my brother0 7not to the brother74 sixteenth line from the bottom1 8above the mountain0 7not above the mountains74 0 #eb--;fifteenth line from the bottom1 8bylo stran6 na dve0 7not bylo stran na dvee74 0 #ee--;fourteenth line from the bottom1 8krka0 7not kurka74 0 #eh--;in story 8,kysel hrozny01 first two letters in second and third lines are missing1 read 8chut0 7not ut71 and 8marn0 7not arn74 0 #fa--third line from the top dative dualis ruka and noha is rukm1 nohm 7not rukoum1 nohoum74 ,few minor errors in punctuation the kind reader will correct himself4 ,,part ,,iii4--,d,l ,,iii4 ,,esk ,,etba4 ,,nestejn ,d,,dictv4 ,bohat kupec ml dva syny4 ,star z nich byl otcovm milkem a otec hodlal mu odkzati vecko sv jmn4 ,matka litovala mladho syna a prosila mue1 aby synm nekal1 dokud nebude nutno1 jak je rozdlil1 nebo doufala1 e se j poda njak je porovnati4 ,kupec j poslechl a neprozradil svho pozen4 ,kdysi matka sedla u okna a plakala4 ,piel k n soused a tzal se1 pro ple4 ,ona odpovdla3 8,jak nemm plakati8 ,oba synov jsou stejn1 a otec chce jednomu odkzati vecko a druhmu nieho4 ,prosila jsem mue1 aby neodhaloval synm svho rozhodnut1 dokud bych si nevymyslila1 jak mladmu pomoci4 ,ale vlastnch penz nemm1 nevm tedy1 jak bych se domohla pomoci40 ,soused odvtil3 8,lehk je rada tv starosti4 ,poj1 povz synm1 e star dostane ve a mlad nieho1 a oni se porovnaj40 ,mlad syn1 jak uslyel1 e nebude mti dnho majetku1 odeel do ciziny1 piln se tam uil a vzdlal se ve vdch i v emeslech4 ,star vak zstal doma1 il s otcem a neuil se niemu1 protoe vdl1 e bude bohat4 ,kdy otec umel1 star syn1 nieho neumje1 protrvil vecko jmn sv1 kdeto mlad1 vyuiv se v cizin vydlvati1 brzy zbohatl4 ,z tanky ,lva ,n4 ,tolstho4 ,p,i,,la ,,zima4 ,za tden po ,duikch1 kdy babika dti budila1 oznamovala jim1 e pijel svat ,martin na blm koni4 ,dti rychle vyskoily z postel1 bely k oknu1 a hle1 vude blo6 ,na strni po zelenm listu ani pamtky1 ani na vrbch u eky1 na olch u potoka4 ,v lese zelenaly se toliko jedle a smrky1 ale jejich vtve ohbaly se pod t snhu4 ,na jebu1 kter stl blzko staven a na nm visely vrcholky zmrzlch plod1 sedla vrna1 a drbe na dvoe stla tie a dvala se s podivenm na tu novotu4 ,jenom vrabci skkali vesele po zspi sbrajce1 eho jim tam slepice nechaly4 ,koka1 vracejc se s lovu1 oklepvala pi kadm kroku tlapy a rychle pospchala na pcku4 ,ale psi1 zarousan po kolena1 vesele se prohnli ve snhu4 8,snh1 snh1 to je dobe1 budeme jezditi na sanch60 zavskly si dti1 vtajce zimu1 kter jim pinela nov radosti4 ,svat ,martin jim pinesl dobr rohlky1 a po svatm ,martin nastaly draky4 ,dti mly ovem pstvy radi1 mly pi nich vce svobody4 ,kdy zasedly draky v kuchyni okolo dlouhho stolu1 a na stole se octla vysok hromada pe1 jako zvj snhu1 odhnla babika ,adlku a chlapce ustavin od stolu4 ,pihodilo se toti jednou1 e ,jan1 jsa putn mezi draky1 upadl do t hromady4 ,jak to byl poprask1 snadno si meme pomysliti4 ,boena ,nmcov4 ,duiky--,all ,souls' day4 ,jeb--mountain ash4 pcka--oven4 ole--alder4 ,,trpasl,,ci ,a ,,vejce4 ,byla tich noc4 ,msek svtil jako ryb oko4 ,od lesa k farm pichzel trpaslk4 ,ml dlouh vousy a ervenou epici4 ,piel a na farmu4 ,vichni tvrd spali4 ,trpaslk vechno prohledval4 ,co tak chodil1 uvidl ve hnzd vejce4 ,myslil si asi1 e je to soudek vna4 ,s radost utkal k lesu4 ,povdl to svm kamardm4 ,hned se trpaslci vydali na farmu4 ,nali si to vajko na hnzd4 ,naloili si je na vozk a tlaili jej k lesu4 ,tam mli ndhern palc4 ,ale nemohli vozk s vajkem utlait4 ,co dlat8 ,radili se4 ,potom se uradili1 e soudek rozbij a vno vypij4 ,hned si pinesli sv kladiva a tloukli do soudku4 ,to bylo njakch ran4 ,cel se zapotili4 ,ale soudeek nepovolil4 ,tak se uradili1 e shod soudek na zem a pojedou dom4 ,kdo v1 co to vlastn je6 ,aby se jim jet zle nevedlo4 ,vyskoili na vz1 strili do soudeku4 ,vajko spadlo s vozu1 skopka bl praskla4 ,z vajka vyskoilo kutko a volalo 8pipipi40 ,trpaslci se ulekli a rozbhli se na vechny strany4 ,ale kutko rovnou zpt na farmu4 ,trpaslk1 dwarf4 ,skopka1 shell4 ,,sn,h4 ,v1 co je snh8 ,tam na nebeskm luhu se pampeliky v zdobnou poj stuhu4 ,kdy odkvetou1 tu v jejich hebk p pro radost fouk andlk sbor1 a ju to vzduchem v a hal pln1 pole1 srzy hor-- a sed na msch i na vtvch snh ,jar4 ,vrchlick4 ,pampelika--dandelion p--fluff msa--window sill srzy hor--bluffs4 ,d,,len ,v,d,,lek4 ,radz1 krlovsk princ slovensk zem pod ,tatrami1 vyjel si se starm sluhou ,radovidem na lov4 ,zabrali se do hlubokho hvozdu1 a panic1 ena se za krsnm jelenem1 odtrhl se od svho prvodho a zabloudil v lese4 ,darmo volal1 darmo troubil na lesn roh1 nikdo se mu neozval4 el tedy na zdabh1 kam ho oi vedly a nohy nesly4 ,pojednou octl se na jaksi stezce a spatil proti sob kreti mue chudobn odnho1 nesoucho v ruce pdnou sekyru a na rameni otep dv4 ,podal ho1 aby mu ukzal cestu z lesa1 a neznm ochotn se mu nabdl1 e jej vyvede a na mtinu1 od kter ji bude moci sm jti4 li1 a ,radz se otzal svho prvodho1 jak se jmenuje4 8,vratko mi kaj01 odvtil tzan4 8,a m se iv80 zeptal se dle princ4 8,nu1 rubm deva v lese a mm tak polko1 kter mne pomh iviti40 8,a kolik asi denn vydl80 8,to1 pane1 dost10 d ,vratko4 8,ti pln groe40 8,a to ti sta1 abys se uivil80 8,ti groe denn utrceti80 podivil se ,vratko4 8,kam bych se podl6 ,nikoli1 jeden iv mne1 druh pjuji na rok a tet vracm40 8,jak to mysl80 otzal se ,radz4 8,nerozumm dobe40 8,pane01 pravil ,vratko1 8to je tak3 mm doma starho otce1 ten mne vychoval1 jemu tedy nyn vracm4 ,pak je tu synek mj1 m radost6 ,nu1 tomu pjuji4 ,a budu str a slb1 pak bude vraceti mi on1 jak nyn otci j4 ,zbv tedy tet gro--nu1 z toho ijeme40 ,lbila se panici e poctivho devorubce4 ,vyal ti zlat penze a podvaje je ,vratkovi pravil3 8,ten vezmi pro otce1 ten pro sebe a tento pro syna60 gro1 shilling4 ,dle ,julia ,zeyera4 ,,jitro ,v ,z4 ,mlha pad1 bude krsn den6 ,zlat z v zralch hrozn krse pavuinami1 hle usmv se jako mudec v sny sv zapeden4 ,sledn zbytky kvt luk a niv plny perel pat v azur ist1 les je hn1 rznm ohnm ho1 katan md1 dny amethisty4 ,zd se1 vecko e jest jako dv1 eka v mlze ztoka jak v moi1 kostelk jak majk na pedho svt v dlku1 ve pl v barev stri1 a pec ve ji zima v sprech dr4 ,mlha pad1 bude krsn den6 ,jaroslav ,vrchlick4 ,o ,,hloup,m ,,medv,,dovi4 ,jednou z jara oral farm u lesa4 ,najednou pibhne z lesa medvd4 ,bru1 zuby cen1 povd3 8,farmi1 rozlu se se svtem4 ,snm t a tvho kon taky40 8,slituj se1 medvde01 prosil farm4 8,mm enu a mal dti4 ,kdy jim pole nezorm1 budou bez chleba40 ,medvd svolil3 8,dobr1 doorej1 j pokm40 ,odeel medvd stranou a lehl si pod vz u cesty4 ,farm oral1 neoral a dval se po medvdovi4 ,slzy mu tekly1 bl se smrti4 ,bela kolem lika4 ,ptala se3 8,pro ple1 farmi80 ,farm povd3 8,jak nemm plakati8 ,tam pod vozem medvd na mne ek40 ,lika hodila chlupatm ocasem a eptala mu3 8,co mi d8 ,j t od medvda vysvobodm40 8,ach liko1 litiko6 ,dva pry kuat ti dm1 kdy to provede40 ,lika odbhla a zaala v lese hvzdati4 ,potom tkala jako psi4 ,medvd se ulekl a povd3 8,farmi1 co to tam v lese hvzd80 ,ale lika pibhla zptky a eptala farmovi3 8ekni1 e jsou to lovci4 ,v lese zv lov40 ,jak uslyel medvd o lovcch1 lekl se jet vce4 ,prosil farme3 8,polo mne rychle na vz4 ,a se lovci zeptaj1 co na voze le1 ekni3 paez40 ,farm to udlal4 ,lika pila k vozu4 ,ptala se silnm hlasem3 8,farmi1 co m na voze80 8,paez1 mil love40 8,kdy je to paez1 tak si jej piva40 ,medvd strachem zavel oi4 ,zaeptal3 8,rychle mne piva40 ,farm pivzal medvda provazem4 ,a lika zase povd3 8,co m1 farmi1 na voze80 8,paez1 mil love1 paez4 ,vid1 e je uvzan01 povdal farm4 ,sml se4 8,kdy je to paez1 pro do nj nen sekyra zaseknuta8 ,co je to za paez bez sekyry80 ,medvd zase zaeptal3 8,zasekni do mne sekyru4 ,ale malouko60 ,tu farm popadl sekyru4 ,rozphl se a v silou bc6 ,medvda zabil4 ,a lice dal potom ti pry kuat za to1 e mu od medvda pomohla4 ,medvd1 bear2 paez1 stump4 ,,pra,,sk ,,posv,,cen4 ,za starch as bvalo posvcen v ,praze slaveno vdy o sv4 ,martin a nikoli o sv4 ,vclav1 jak se kon ji od as husitskch4 ,pro kdysi bylo zavedeno posvcen ,martinsk1 o tom vypravuje se tato povst4 ,kdysi vyjel si esk kne ,oldich loviti do les kivokltskch1 kde vak se odlouil od sv druiny a zmtl si cestu v hustm lese4 ,trouben jeho pivolalo uhle z nedalek osady1 kde prv slavili posvcen4 ,uhl vyvedl knete1 jeho neznal1 z lesa a pozval ho do sv chatre na husu4 ,kne1 jen se vydval za knecho komornka ,janka1 pijal pozvn uhlovo a poiv husy posvcensk a pobaviv se v chatri jeho1 pozval ho1 aby ho v ,praze na hrad navtvil4 ,uhl to slbil za tou vminkou1 e mu tam pan ,janek d t upci husu4 ,potom vyvedl knete z les4 ,kne seel se svou druinou a vesele j vyprvl1 co se mu pihodilo4 ,v den sv4 ,martina dostavil se uhl skuten na hrad ,prask a poptval se po panu ,jankovi4 ,dvoan1 jsouce ji na pchod jeho pipraveni1 uvedli jej ke kneti1 s nm uasl uhl potom stoloval a na huse si pochutnal4 ,na pamtku tohoto vysvobozen svho z lesa a srden pohostinnosti eskch uhl ustanovil kne ,oldich1 aby ,praan kadho roku slavili den sv4 ,martina peenou husou1 a z toho ustanoven mlo potek posvcen ,martinsk4 posvcen--festival of the saint of the local church1 celebrated by feasting like our ,thanksgiving day4 komornk--chamberlain4 uhl--charcoal burner4 peen husa--roast goose 7takes place of our turkey74 ,josef ,svtek4 ,,jarn4 ,skivnek vylt' do mraku a js1 a s lemu edch oblak na svt1 jen pln zzrak1 d zpvnch perel sts4 ,a kad tn jak ze zlata jen zvon1 a zem' poslouch dojata a tu v adrech poupata1 a erstvou should be hlnou von4 ,jar4 ,vrchlick4 jsati--to exult1 to triumph4 zpvn perly--the pearls of song4 lem--rim4 adra--bosom4 ,,slavnost ,t,e,,ov,,ho ,,kv,,tu ,v ,,aponsku4 aponec vynik neobyejnou lskou ke kvtinm a stromm4 ,m vak jin vkus ne my2 miluje stromeky zakrsl1 umle znetvoen1 na pklad boroviky1 jejich vtve skoro by mohly bti ttky na psan4 ,pro pestr zhony naeho kvt nem smyslu2 toliko kopretiny a kosatce1 tc se zvltn zlib jeho1 jsou vtny v jeho zahrdkch4 ,podobn neve si kvtin ve velik kytice jako my2 ti--tyi kvty kopretinov nebo vtvka teov v mal vze jsou jeho svtnici dostatenou ozdobou4 ,r v zahradch aponskch skoro ani neuvidme1 ale za to rzn stromy1 pstovan ovem ne pro ovoce1 nbr pro kvt4 ,mezi stromy pak pravm milkem aponskho lidu jest 8skura01 divok tee4 ,bsnci ji opvuj1 z kadho obrazu1 z kadho dla umleckho usmv se na ns1 vecky jin stromy1 je asn jaro probudilo k ivotu1 ustupuj ped n4 ,slunce ukazuje svoji nejusmvavj tv1 skura rozkvt4 ,rozpukl jej poupata dotkaj se ,tokia jako proutek arodjv2 odevad zalh radostn smch1 tepna velkomstkho ivota bije prudce i rychle1 zbava million vln se vzduchem a tynsobn klepot palk i devk--pokud a kde ulice jsou dldny--pipomn hukot jarn1 snhem rozvodnn bystiny skaln4 ,nepehledn1 nekonen davy lidu1 na tisce malch vozk1 dvoukolek1 taench obratnmi bhouny lidskmi1 ve dnes v nkolika proudech val se hlavnmi ulicemi k vletnm mstm--dvati se na kvty4 asopisy pinej obrn zprvy o stavu kvt v t neb on konin1 jako jinde ohlauj se dleit zvsti s bojit4 ,dnes1 e ji odkvt v ,uyeno1 ztra1 e asi prv z rna rozvije se na bezch ,sumidy4 ,a lid od nejchudho k nejbohatmu spch s msta na msto1 po lta a vdy v stejnm naden obdivuje se svm mazlkm teovm1 vesel se pod jejich korunami1 pirovnv kvtn bohatstv poslednch let a odn si koupen vtvky dom4 ,nejchud opat si alespo malou haluzku za dva1 ti hale--snad pro starou matku nebo chorho otce4 ,za svho pobytu v ,tokiu dal jsem se o slavnosti skury zachvtiti veobecnm nadenm a ujdl jsem na dvoukolce do ,uyenskho parku4 ,tu zahldl jsem ve vru lidstva1 valcho se stejnm smrem se mnou1 zuboenou postavu slepce1 jen palkou dovolval se soucitu dav mimo proudcch4 ,bezdky vnoval jsem mu pozornost1 byla to jedin smutn tv v nesetnch zstupech radujcho se lidu4 ,tu hnala se kolem tlupa mladk akovit maskovanch a jeden z nich v nevzan rozpustilosti vtiskl za smchu soudruh rozkvetlou1 vtviku teovou v ruku slepcovu4 ,staec se ulekl1 ale chytl pevn a ohmatval ji ve zjevn nedve po listech i kvtech--a pojednou rozlila se jeho tupou1 zuboenou lc ze1 smv krtkho tst1 zpsoben odleskem kvtu6 ,takov tedy jest tv moc1 arodjn skuro6 ,vozk mj uhnl dle1 a mn bezdky pipadla mylenka3 ,jak asten jest nrod kvtm se koc a jak astny jsou kvty1 je psob lidem tolik blaenosti6 kopretina--daisy4 kosatec--iris4 ,e4 ,st4 ,vrz4 ,,my ,,sch,,ze4 ,star my povdala3 8,svolejme schzi4 ,porame se1 co dlat4 ,musme se pece brnit4 ,nebo ns koky vecky zabijou40 ,stalo se4 ,schze byla v noci v komoe4 ,pilo na ni asi patnct edch myek4 ,zasedly ke stolu4 ,star myk byl pedsedou4 ,byl to moudr myk4 ,nikdy ho koky nechytily4 ,uml utkat4 ,mlad myka zapisovala4 8,ctn pedsedo10 hlsila se jedna myka o slovo4 ,dostala je4 8,ctn sestry a brati6 ,tak nememe dle t10 zaala myka4 8,pravda6 ,pravda60 volali vichni4 8,musme se brnit ped zlm kocourem60 8,svat pravda60 8,ale jak se brnit8 ,kocour je siln1 my slab4 ,utci8 ,jeden kocourv skok jako deset naich4 ,a potom3 koky jsou falen4 ,ani nevme1 u ns dr4 ,umj hat4 ,jak se mme brnit80 ,nikdo nevdl1 jak se brnit4 ,tu star myk otevel knihu4 ,podval se do n4 ,hledal moudrou radu4 ,potom ekl3 8,ctn sestry a brati4 ,moje rada se vm bude lbit40 8,poslechnte pedsedu4 ,v moudrou radu60 volaly myi4 ,star myk nakroutil si vousy4 ,a zaal3 8,co udlme8 ,uveme kocourovi zvoneek na krk4 ,zvoneek bude zvonit4 ,a my poznme1 e kocour jde4 ,lehko pak uteeme4 ,to je moje rada60 8,dobe6 ,vborn60 volaly myky4 8,n pedseda je moudr pn4 ,to je to3 um v knihch sti40 ,potom nvrh odhlasovaly4 ,a pijaly4 8,nyn musme jednoho zvolit--ekl star myk--kdo zavs zvoneek kocourovi na krk40 8,tak1 tak1 to musme10 kvaly vechny myky4 8,sestry1 mne nevolte4 ,mm slab zrak10 povdala star myka--babika4 8,ani mne nevolte4 ,zlomila jsem si nedvno zub na kosti4 ,nemohu se brnit10 ekla jin4 8,mn otekla sta4 ,nevolte mne40 ,tak se vymlouvala tet4 tvrt povdala3 8,mm slab srdce40 ,pt myka si odela koleno4 ,neme pr ani chodit4 est a sedm se krily pod stl4 ,aby je vidt nebylo4 ,osm1 e taky neme4 ,ani nedoekla1 pro4 ,kde se vzal1 tu se vzal1 byl tady ,hjkv ern macek4 ,bhal po stee4 ,potom se el podvat do komory4 ,velikm skokem padl mezi myky4 ,zapitly strachy4 ,hned byly v drch4 tst jim plo4 ,ani jedinou macek nechytil4 ,ale schze byla zkaena4 ,nemohly se poradit4 ,a tak tak nemohly mackovi zvonek na krk zavsit4 ,,kom,r ,a ,,lev4 ,komr piltl ke lvu a pravil3 8,mysl1 e jsi silnj ne j8 ,jak pak by ne8 ,jakou pak ty m slu8 ,drpe svmi drpy1 koue svmi zuby1 to dovedou eny s muky tak4 ,jsem tebe silnj2 chce-li1 dej se v zpas se mnou60 ,komr zatroubil k boji a zaal lva tpati do holch tv a nozder4 ,lev se bil tlapami do tv1 a drpy se krbal2 rozedral si do krve celou tv a klesl navou4 ,komr zabruel radostn a ultl4 ,na to se zamotal do pavuiny a pavouk mu zaal krev ssti4 ,i pravil komr3 8,siln zve jsem pemohl a hle6 te mne bdn pavouk zabj40 ,l4 ,n4 ,tolstoj4 ,,poh,,dka ,o ,b,d ,,jednook4 ,byl jeden kov4 8,hm01 povd1 8j jsem nikdy dn ,bdy nevidl4 kaj3 je ,bda na svt2 pjdu a ,bdy si vyhledm40 ,sebral se a el--hledat ,bdy4 ,potkal krejho4 8,pozdrav ,pn ,bh60--8,dej to ,pn ,bh60--8,kam jde80--8,hle1 brate6 pod kaj1 e je na svt ,bda1 a j jsem nikdy dn ,bdy nevidl2 jdu ji tedy hledat40--8,dobe1 pjdeme spolu4 ,mn se taky dobe vede a neznm ,bdy1 pjdeme a vyhledme ji40 ,tedy li a pili do lesa1 do hustho tmavho lesa1 a nali malou pinku4 li pod po t uzounk pince1 a pili k njakmu velikmu staven4 ,byla noc a nemli se kde ukrti4 8,pjdeme tuhle do toho staven40 ,veli tam2 nenali v nm nikoho1 bylo tam pusto a dsno4 ,sedli si a ekali4 ,hle1 tu pichz vysok osoba ensk1 huben1 kiv1 jednook4 8,aha60 povd1 8mm tu hosti4 ,pkn vtm60--8,dkujeme pkn1 babiko1 pili jsme k tob sem na nocleh40--8,nu dobe2 budu mti co veeeti60 ,ti dva se ulekli4 ,tedy baba la1 pinesla velikou nru dv1 narovnala do peci a zatopila4 ,potom pila k nim1 vzala jednoho1 toho krejho1 a zazla ho1 vsadila do peci a pekla4 ,kov sedl a myslil si3 ,co dlat8 ,jak se mi povede8--,ona pak vythla peeni a veeela4 ,kov hled do peci a povd3 8,babiko1 j jsem kov04--8,co um dlat8--kovat80--8,ano1 j vecko umm04--8,tedy mi ukovej oko04--8,dobe10 povd kov2 8m-li tu njak provaz8 ,bude poteba tebe svzat1 nebo ty se ned1 abych ti oko ukoval40 ,babice la a pinesla dva provazy1 jeden tenk1 druh tlust4 ,tedy on ji svzal tm tenm provazem4 8,nue1 babiko1 peval se na zemi60 ,ona se pevalila a provaz petrhla4--8,tak nic nen1 babiko60 povd2 8ten provaz se nehod40 ,potom vzal ten tlust provaz a dobe ji svzal4 8,te se1 babiko1 peval60 ,tedy ona se pevalila a nepetrhla provazu4 ,on potom vzal dlo1 rozplil je1 nasadil j je na oko1 na to zdrav1 vzal sekyru a obuchem uhodil na dlo4 ,tu ona1 jak se pevalila1 petrhla provaz a posadila se na prahu4 8,ha1 padouchu6 nyn mi neujde60 ,on vidl1 e opt nen dobe2 i usedl a pemlel1 co dlat4 ,potom pily s pastvy ovce2 ona je vehnala do svho staven na noc4 ,tak kov tam zstal pes noc4 ,rno staena vypoutla ovce na pastvu4 ,kov vzal koich a obrtil jej na ruby1 potom jej tak oblekl a pilezl k n po tyech jako ovce4 ,ona poutla pod po jedn2 chytla kadou za zda a vyhodila ji ven4 ,v tom on tak pilezl1 a ona ho tak popadla za zda a vyhodila4 ,jakmile byl venku1 vstal a povd3 8,s ,pnem ,bohem1 ,bdo6 ,zakusil jsem od tebe zlho dosti2 te u mi nieho neudl60 ,a ona ekla3 8,pokej1 vak jet zkus1 jet's mi neuel60 ,kov el opt do lesa tou zkou pinkou4 ,tu spatil ve strom sekyrku se zlatou rukovt i chtl si ji vzti4 ,ale jakmile se j chopil1 ruka mu na n uvzla1 a nikterak se nemohl odtrhnouti4 ,co dlat8 ,v tom se ohldl za sebe a vid1 kterak ,bda se ene k nmu i vol3 8,hle1 padouchu1 neuel jsi mi60 ,kov vythl n1 kter ml v kapse1 uezal si ruku a uel4 ,piel do sv vesnice1 ukazoval ruku a kal1 e nyn u vidl ,bdu4 8,hle10 povd1 8podvejte se1 jak vypad3 j jsem pozbyl ruky1 a mho soudruha dokonce sndla40 ,k4 ,j4 ,erben4 obrtit na ruby--to turn over4 padouch--villain1 knave4 dokonce--quite1 even4 dlo--awe4 ,,ze ,,star ,,prahy4 e se dje dnes jzda po eleznici mezi ,prahou a ,vdn1 ten v4 e se ta jzda nkdy zapoala1 ten alespo tu4 ,nu1 j jsem toho pamtnkem3 zapoala se1 zcela jist zapoala6 ,a to na podzim roku #ahde1 co vak jest u vc vedlej4 ,pamatuji se na to jako dnes1 toti ne na prvn jzdu1 ale na rozprvku o n4 ,seli se k nm na tky denn1 mil navtvovatel nai3 pedn pan ,hartmann1 bval ednk vrchnostensk1 potom psa u praskho mstodritelstv4 ,to byl ten1 kter nosil ,rubova #8,paleka' k nm a vzal m kdysi v nedli po prv s sebou do eskho divadla4 ,pn ,bh rai mui tomu1 jinak dobrku1 milostiv odpustiti1 e zasil do m due to esk sm6 ,dle pan ,fikandl1 rovn dvj 8pan ,franc0 a potom psa denn1 pokldan za vtenho krasopisce4 ,miloval jsem ho1 mval vten mu asto pro mne njak grok v kapse4 ,nauil m tm mlsati--zapla mu to ,pn ,bh6 ,a kdy vidl vejti oba pny1 tak pan ercl1 soused n z tho domu 8u dvou slunc01 vstoupil k nm a s nm pila t jeho cho1 oba v pknch zstrch blch4 ,byl pan ercl hospodsk1 vedle toho pak i man a ostrostelec4 ,pan ,hartmann vypravoval--dle doslechu--o verej prvn jzd z ,vdn do ,prahy4 ,jak pr bylo vude kolem ndra lidstva 8a erno2 k umakn1 k umakn60 ,jak pihluel vlak s dvma mainami naped a shromdn kieli3 8,hoch6 ,vivat60 ,jak pak zase kdosi vstoupil na mainu1 zatoil kloboukem a zvolal3 8,za deset hodin uvidm zase ,vde60 ,a parostroj si hvzdl a u letl1 aby dal ve ,vdni zprvu1 e prvn vlak astn sem dojel4 ,telegrafu toti tenkrt jet nebylo4 ,chvilku bylo ticho4 8,a jak pak to jde8 ,kdo to thne nebo tla80 ptal se konen mj otec4 8,nikdo4 ,to thne pra60 8,pra4'''0 ,hlubok ticho4 ,pemlen o t pe4 ,vrtn hlavou4 ,pan erclov si vzdychla4 8,i vdy on ns ,pn ,bh njak ztrest60 8,i vak ono je v tom pece jenom nco4'''0 zase mj otec4 8,za deset hodin ''' vdy by to dn voj nebo nprava nebo kolo ani nevydrelo60 8,vechno je ze eleza60 na to pan ,hartmann4 8,to asi je penz1 to je penz60 bdoval pan ercl4 8,kdyby to dali radji chudm60 8,a co se zkaz pol6--,u ,pardubic je sam dobr pole60 dodal ,fikandl4 8,jaktiv mne k tomu nikdo nedostane1 abych si tam sedla60 zakala se moje maminka4 ,a chudinka dostla slovu4 ,ale mne nejvce zajmal ten lovk1 kter stoj na stroji1 to kloboukem a vol3 8,za deset hodin4'''0 ,od t doby jsem ml utkvlou pedstavu1 e kad idi lokomotivy to kloboukem4 ,a podnes1 kdykoli spatm vlak1 dvm se hned na lokomotivu a jejho vdce4 ,ale klobouk tam nezatoil jet dn4 ,jan ,neruda4 ,t,,st ,a ,,ne,t,,st4 ,pohdka ze zpadn ,rusi4 ,byl jeden chud lovk1 neml ani dnho nad hospodskho ani dobytka1 ale dt ml hromadu4 ,pilo jaro1 a on neml m orati4 ,lid jeli s pluhem a s dobytkem1 a on jde s motykou4 ,potkal dv panny1 a ty panny byly jedna tst a druh ,netst4 ,tzaly se ho3 8,kam1 love1 jde80 ,a on odpovdl3 8,m zlat panenky1 mm takov netst3 lid jedou s dobytkem1 a j jdu s motykou2 nemm1 m dti vyiviti40--,tedy ty dv panny spolu promluvily a ekly3 8,darujme mu nco40 ,a tst eklo3 8,kdy je tvj1 tedy mu nco daruj40 ,netst mu darovalo deset rubl a eklo3 8,jdi dom a kup sob vola40 ,on tedy piel dom a schoval ty penze do hrnce1 v kterm byl popel4 ,druhho dne pila tam sousedka1 kmotra bohat1 a ekla3 8,nemte trochu popelu8 ,mm prdlo velmi pinav40 8,stoj tamhle v hrnci1 vezmi si10 ekla ena toho chudho lovka4--,kdy sedlk piel dom1 ohlel se po hrnci s penzi a nevida ho1 dal se do eny1 kam dala penze s hrncem4 ena se zakala1 e o penzch nevdla1 a ekla1 e ten hrnek vzala kmotra sousedka4 ,sedlk hned bel k sousedce a prosil1 aby mu vrtila penze1 ale nadarmo4 ,a kdy si stoval u pna1 dostal za odpov3 8dnch penz jsi neml1 ale chce jich neprv na n dobti40 ,tak piel sedlk o penze4 ,plakal ubok1 vzal motyku a el znova1 a tu potk opt ty dv panny4 ,nepoznal jich1 ale ony ho poznaly a tzaly se ho jako prve1 a on jim tak tak odpovdl1 jako dve4 ,netst mu darovalo dvacet rubl4 ,sedlk piel dom a penze schoval na humn v plevch4 ,druhho dne pila t sousedka vypjit si plev telatm1 a ena toho chuasa dala j plevy nevdouc1 e jsou v nich penze4 ,potom piel sedlk dom a shnl se po plevch4 ena mu povdla1 e si je odnesla sousedka4 el tedy k n a prosil1 el k pnovi a aloval1 ale vude ho odbyli4 ,co ml dlat8 ,ponakal si a el zas kopat4 ,na cest potkal zas ty dv panny a vecko jim povdl1 co a jak bylo4 8,vid10 eklo ,netst sv seste1 8m dary mu neprospvaj2 vezmi si ty jej a daruj mu nco40 tst mu darovalo dva groe a eklo3 8,jdi k ece ,nmnu1 budou tam loviti ryby1 a nieho nebudou moci uloviti4 ,popros jich1 aby na tv tst zathli st40 ,sedlk tak uinil1 el k ,nmnu a poprosil rybv1 aby zathli na jeho tst4 ,rybi poslechli a vylovili tolik ryb1 e ani nevdli1 kam s nimi4 ,divili se tomu a tzali se sedlka3 8,co ti za to dme80 ,on odpovdl3 8,prodejte mi jich za dva groe40 ,prodali mu za dva groe jednu rybiku a druhou mu pidali darem4 ,on je vzal1 donesl je dom a dal en1 aby je uvaila4 ena i dti mly z rybiek velikou radost1 neuvaily jich tedy1 nbr nechaly tak4 ,v tom jel tou vesnic njak smutn pn4 ,sedlk byl prv ped vraty a z nieho nic dal se do smchu4 ,pn se ho otzal3 8,pro se smje80 8,inu1 mm doma takovou rybiku1 kdo se na ni podv1 kad se smje40 ,tomu smutnmu pnovi velmi se zachtlo t rybiky1 i dal za ni tomu sedlkovi kon1 voly a tolik obil1 co ho sedlk jen chtl4 ,a tak nalezl sedlk tst sv dvma groi4 ,karel ,jaromr ,erben4 pleva 7vy7--chaff4 ,p,,stky4 ,jednoho dne vrazil ,jan ,prokv na ,starm ,blidle do svtnice s kikem3 8,dti1 dti1 pojte se podvat1 babika snesla s pdy kolovrat60--8,je to jak div80 krala matka dti1 vidouc1 e se vecky enou ze dve4 ,ovem1 div to nebyl dn1 ale matka nepomnla1 jak radosti pisthovaly se s babiinm kolovrtkem do sednice4 ,s kolovrtkem pily pstevnice1 a s nimi krsn pohdky a vesel psn4 ,dti poslouchaly ovem tak rdy1 kdy matka jala se liti ivot ve ,vdni1 a leckter pstevnice si povzdychla3 8,je to asi krsa v takovm mst60 ,ale nade vechno jim vem bylo mil1 kdy babika zaala povdati pohdky o princeznch se zlatmi hvzdami na ele1 o rytch a princch1 zakletch ve lvy a psy1 nebo docela v kameny1 o okch1 v nich byly sloeny cel drah obleky1 o zlatch zmcch a moch1 na jich dnu pebvaj vodn panny4 ,matka netuila1 kdy se ,barunka nkdy pi pleten zamyslila a oknem ven dvala na hol strn a zasnen dolko1 e tam vid rajskou zahradu1 palc z drahho kamen1 ptactvo ohnivch barev1 pan1 jim zlat vlasy s hlavy splvaj1 a zamrzl eka e se j promnila v modrav1 vlnc se moe1 na jeho vlnch houpaly se krsn vly v perlovch lasturch4 ,sultanovi1 kter chrpal1 nataen jsa na podlaze1 nesnilo se o cti1 kterou mu chlapci asem prokazovali1 majce ho v zamylen za njakho zakletho prince4 ,a jak milo bylo v sednici1 kdy se setmlo6 ,vora zavela okenice1 v kamnech praskaly smoln otpky1 doprosted sednice postavil se vysok1 devn svcen1 do eleznch ramen jeho zastrily se plpolajc loue1 a kolem dokola rozestavily se lavice a stoliky pstevnicm1 pro n mimo to babika uchystala oatku kal a vestek--na poslinku4 ,s jakou dychtivost ekaly dti1 brzy-li klapnou dve u sn a pstevnice se uk6 ,nebo o pstkch babika nezaala dve povdati1 a se padleny sely4 ,boena ,nmcov4 kolovrat--spinning wheel4 pstky--spinning season4 ,,hodina ,z ,,esk ,,mluvnice4 8-- -- tedy3 to1 o em se ve vt mluv1 jmenuje se podmt2 a to1 co se pedmtu pisuzuje1 co se o podmtu ve vt vykld1 povd1 jmenuje se psudek1 ili1 jak se dve kvalo1 vrok4 ,aby vta byla vtou1 ili slovy vyjdenou mylenkou1 mus mti podmt i vrok40 8,na pklad3 ,venku pr601 peruila ttu-uitele destilet ,sylva1 8podmt je zde #8venku' a psudek #8pr'40 8,pokej1 pokej1 dt4 ,pklad je patn volen4 ,uslyte pozdji o vtch1 v nich na prvn pohled se zd1 e podmtu nen1 rozeberete-li je vak pozorn1 poznte1 e podmt je skryt v psudku1 je zamlen1 a takovou vtou je #8venku pr4' ,ptte-li se po podmtu1 ,jiinko1 zeptej se40 ,jiina1 osmilet blounk a plavovlas1 protrhla se z njakho snn1 vyvalila trochu sv chrpov oi a otvrajc sta polykala vzduch jako ryba1 kdy se octne na vzduchu4 8,jiina lap andlky1 tto01 poznamenala ,sylva4 8,ale ,muflku01 zahrozil ,jiin tta1 8jak me vbec nkdo bt iv na svt1 kdo se neum zeptat po podmtu6 ,to se mi jet nestalo6 ,co pak jsi vecko zapomnla80 ,muflek pestal lapat andlky1 zachytil pravou rukou pramnek vlas a popotahoval je se zuivou vnost4 8,aziku01 obrtil se uitel k ,sylv1 8zeptej se ty40 8,po pedmtu se ptme slovem3 kdo10 rozhodla vn ,aza1 8tedy3 kdo pr80 ,jiina vyprskla smchem4 8,kdo pr80 optovala trochu nerozhodn ,sylva4 8,co pr80 vytrumfla ,jiina4 8,nu1 #8kdo' nebo #8co'--0 brnila se ,sylva4 8,co--co01 dorela ,jiina4 8,a pro tedy #8co'1 ,muflku80 8,protoe se nemluv tady o dn osob a protoe by to nemlo smyslu01 podporovala ,jiina sv mnn vtzn4 8,nu1 dobe1 ale dovede-li tak otzku zodpovdti1 ,jiinko80 8,d pr40 8,ale tak lijk01 sebrala se nyn zase ,sylva k toku4 8,dobe1 ,aziku1 velmi dobe01 posilnil ji tta4 8,a tak list pr01 pokraovala ,sylva4 8,vid tedy1 co ve me bt tady podmtem podle tvho odpovdn1 ,jiinko4 ,a to je nesprvn4 ,odpov-li patin1 mus pijti jen jeden podmt a ten mus bti urit4 ,ve vt3 #8,venku pr' je podmtem slovko ono6 ,ono venku pr4 ,ale nae e hled vdy k tomu1 aby se vyjadovala co nejkrateji1 co nejpesnji4 ,proto ponechv podmt #8ono' jako zbyten1 ponvad obsaen je v psudku #8pr'40 8,je skryt01 rozhodla ,sylva4 8,dobe4 ,skryt4 ,ale o tom pozdji4 ,muflku1 povz mi jinou vtu40 8,koka ere trvu01 proslovil ,muflek4 8,ale koka pece neere trvu01 zachmuil se tta4 8ere01 ekla vn ,jiina4 8ere01 dotvrdila ,sylva4 8,my ji vidly40 8,pro boha vs prosm1 kdy1 kde80 8,naproti v zahrad u pan domky01 vyprvla ,jiina4 8,dnes odpoledne01 prohlsila ,sylva4 8,pan #8domka' 7zkrceno z #8domc'7 mla naproti pes ulici domek se zahrdkou1 nkolik ps a est koek40 8,snad jste ji vidly1 kterak kousla do trvy1 ale aby ji rala--0 8,ano1 rala4 ,byla to ,mausi4 ,mausi1 v1 to je ta star koka pruhovan1 kter m useknut ocas4 rala trvu4 ,kousala1 vkala a polykala4 ,my ji vidly4 ,pan domka pila1 chytila ji1 chovala ji a dala j hubiku na nos01 vykldala ,sylva4 8,ano1 rala4 ,my jsme zrovna ily na terasse pannm aty4 ,kdybys vidl1 tto1 co jsem uila dnes ,bonifacii6 ,v1 aty do spolenosti4 ,kdy toti pojede na nvtvu4 ,z ervenho sametu1 dole krajka1 kolem krku krajky a do vlas jsem j udlala korunku z ernch perel01 povdala ,jiina se zpalem4 8,ale z blzka se na to podvati nesm1 tto01 smla se ,sylva4 8,v1 ,muflek dl stehy jako prsty40 8,je to pro veern osvtlen01 brnila se ,jiina4 ,a dle ,sylv vytala3 8,ostatn vm byla moje prce dosti dobrou3 pila jste pkn s proskem ke mn1 abych vm pjila aty pro starou pan4 ,rozsu sm1 tto3 star pan chtla jt na ktiny1 ktili toti toho malho mouennka1 kterhos nm vera pinesl4 ,a star pan nemla co vzt na sebe a j j darovala ty fialov aty1 a ty jsem tak sama ila1 tam j velk stehy nevadily40 8,ale j vm za to pjila k hostin pt trpaslk a koho ,jana01 odplcela ,sylva4 8,jana jsem nemohla posadit na kozlk1 nem cylindru1 a moje ,bonifacie jako slun dma neme se posadit do vozu1 jeho ko vyhl jako opilec01 odsekla ,jiina4 8,dti1 dost01 rozhodl tta4 8,vrame se k mluvnici4 ,tedy ta vae vta #8,koka ere trvu'1 ,jiinko1 kde je tu podmt80 8,koka40 8,ponvad se o n mluv01 ekla bez vyzvn ,sylva4 8,a m jest ten podmt vyjden1 ,aziku80 8,kokou40 8,pokej1 dt4 ,ptm se toti1 co je to za slovo #8koka'40 8,zve tvernoh01 odpovdala sebevdom ,sylva4 8,azo1 tulipne6 ,mme mluvnici1 ne prodopis4 ,dej pozor4 ,vid mezi lidmi3 ten je dlnk1 ten je vojk1 ten je ednk4 ,vichni jsou lidmi4 ,jde-li dlnk do sv dlny1 je tam bu dohlitelem1 bu tovaryem1 bu uednkem4 ,vojk stoj na cvien mezi jinmi vojky a jest tam bu prostm1 bu destnkem1 bu dstojnkem4 ednk jde do kancele a je tam oficilem1 kontrolorem nebo dvornm radou4 ,a zrovna tak je to i se slovy4 ,jsou podstatn jmna1 pdavn1 slovesa1 slovky2 jakmile1 eknme1 takov podstatn jmno pijde mezi jin slova1 pijde do vty1 ihned jest tam nm4 ,bu podmtem1 bu psudkem1 pvlastkem1 urenm msta1 atd4 ,a ptme-li se1 m jest podmt vyjden1 chceme-li vdti1 m takov slovo jest1 jeli samotno1 bez ohledu na vtu4 ,n pan domka 7domc7 jest ve sv kanceli magistrtnm radou4 ,tedy takovm podmtem4 ,zept-li se nkdo3--,kdo je to ten magistrtn rada8--odpov se mu3 pan doktor ,schwartz4 ,tedy pro ns je n domka doktorem ,schwartzem1 v kanceli1 mezi jinmi ednky1 je magistrtnm radou40 8,n domka byl dneska odpoledne u ns10 vpadla ,jiina ttovi do ei4 8,a co chtl80 8,piel se podvat na tvj portrt od pana ,kupky40 8,a lbil se mu80 8,nu1 kal1 e je dobr4 ,ale litoval1 e t pan ,kupka maloval v tvoj star modr bluze4 e pr jsi si ml vzt frak aspo a njak etz k hodinkm na vestu01 usmvala se ,jiina4 8,a potom pila pan domc a tak se j obraz lbil01 pokraovala ,sylva4 8,na to se podvala na ,rubensovu pan1 na tu s tm koichem a povdala1 e je to ein leichtsinniges ,frauenzimmer0 7lehkomysln ena--frivolous woman74 8,a pan domc vypravoval1 e byli vera v opee #8,carmen'1 a e hned v prvnm jednn pilo na n span a e musili odejt4 ,tak li pr do hospody a byli tam a pes dvanct hodin01 sdlovala ,jiina4 8,nu1 vrame se zase k mluvnici4 ,mme-li tedy vtu #8,koka ere trvu' a vme-li1 e #8koka' je v t vt podmtem a ptme-li se1 m jest podmt vyjden1 jak bude odpov1 ,muflku80 ,muflek dval se do umcho plynovho svtla lampy4 ,msto odpovdi zvl lin a pohodln4 8,aziku80 8,podmt je vyjden podstatnm jmnem1 ponvad #8koka' je jmno zvete4 ,a jmna osob1 vc1 zvat1 vlastnost jsou jmna podstatn01 odpovdala iroce1 jak bylo u jejm zvykem1 vdla-li co1 ,sylva4 8,dobe4 ,a ty ,muflku1 povz jet jednu vtu40 8,jsem ospal01 zvla znovu ,jiina4 8,co je podmtem v t vt1 kterou jsi ekla80 ,jiina pemlela4 ,nhle se vzchopila3 8,v1 kde asi bude ten ,janv cylindr8 ,jist pod pianem4 ,jan ho ztratil1 kdy chtl pedehnat svm fiakrem mj rychlovlak4 ,vlezu tam1 ale a ztra4 ,jsem dnes u ospal440 ,j4 ,s4 ,machar4 dohlitel--foreman uednk--apprentice magistrtn rada--higher city official fiakr--cab4 ,,divotvorn ,,dudy4 ,ped lety1 kdy jet 8ern doly0 rozkldaly se a za ,lsky1 ivil se v ,podles v polozboen chatri chud koti4 ,byl vdovec4 ena mu ped nkolika lety zemela a zanechala uboku est holtek1 samch 8nedorstat40 ,toliko nejstar kluk chodval s tatkem do bezin na prout1 pomhal mu robit koata a roznel je s nm do kraje4 ,ale byly asy zl1 tuze zl4 ,sedlk sm neml do st co podat1 chodil na robotu a pole vlastn nechval leet horem4 ,kad den vracel se chuas koti dom s koaty bez groe a bez chleba s nejstarm klukem a pt hrdlek bdovalo vdy ped chatou1 e zase jim tatek nieho nepinesl4 8,zle je1 dti1 zle2 ale bude lpe1 uvidte1 e bude10 tval tatk holtka a slze mu pi tom kanuly tvemi2 myslval si1 pro tak tch est tvorek mu ,pn ,bh nevzal se enou4 ,a dti1 chudinky1 kru se strom hladem ohryzovaly4 ,kdy nemohl to koti ji slyeti1 ani se na to dvati1 vyel ven do hlubokho lesa1 kde byla nejvt hou a kde byly bzy tlust jako kldy a vysok jako duby na ,kivokltsku4 8,smrt si musm udlat10 bdoval usouen mu a rozhlel se po vtvch1 kde nejlpe by si ta hlava jeho odpoinula4 8,nic nem chud na svt1 a proto nen ho tu zapoteb10 povdal a dal se do hlasitho ple1 protoe si vzpomnl na dti4 ,a kdy tak usedav plakal1 octl se ped nm z nenadn jaks ddouek s hol4 ,vlasy ml blounk1 jak kdy napadne prvn snh4 8,nak si1 nak80 pravil ddouek hlasem soustrastnm a usmval se4 8,arcie nakm mil staeku01 ekl koti4 8,a pro pak si nak80 zeptal se staeek4 8,inu1 est dt mm1 sedm jsem sm1 kolikt den nejedli jsme ji a dti kru ohryzuj se strom4 ,nemohu je uivit a dvat se na to tak nemohu a proto jsem el do lesa1 abych se tu obsil40 8,proto jen8 ,ty blznku6 ,nev1 e dui chtls dt blovi80 usml se zase ddouek1 shl pod dlouh erkov kabt1 ze spoda duhy vythl dudy a podal je kotii4 8,na1 tyhle dudy si vem1 a bude-li se tob a dtem tvm chtt jst1 zahrej na n a uvid1 e bude po hladu4 ,a na oben po druh nepomlej4 ,nedobe by se ti mohlo vst40 ,a nedoekl jet ani ddouek1 a jen bezovm zasvitlo po nm lupen4 ,za chvilku vzpamatoval se koti a kdyby byl nedrel v rukou dudy1 opravdov dudy1 nebyl by ani uvil1 e mluvil s jakmsi staekem4 ,ale dlouho se nerozmlel1 bel do chatre a kdy zas dti uvidl1 byl rd1 e je iv a e se neobsil4 8,po hladu je1 dti1 u60 ekl uplakanm holtkm a sotva to ekl1 ji zvuely dudy a z dud vybhl kluk a vynel jdla nejrozmanitj1 pokud koti hrl4 ,a dti jedly hltav1 co jen jim sta staila1 protoe tet den nemly u chudinky nieho4 ,kdy se nasytily1 pomodlil se star s dtmi za neznmho dobrodince4 ,nechodil vce do bezin na prout1 ani nepletl kotiata a ani je nerozvel s nejstarm klukem po kraji a pl si jen1 aby tak ena jeho byla nyn iva1 protoe mlo dobrho chudinka za ivota zakusila4 tst na svt netrv vak dlouho2 ale dobe1 e netrv1 sice bych byl ji se svou pohdkou u konce a takhle vm jet nco povm4 ,lid si povimli1 e nechod ji koti z ,podles na prout a e neplete kotiata1 ledacos si povdali1 a dti samy se chlubily1 e jim tatk dudy z lesa pinesl a e kdykoli zadud1 kluk vybhne z nich a rozdv jdel1 co hrdlo jen r4 ,mnoz nepli kotii dobr as a oemetn jazykov povdli krli1 jen nedaleko bydlel na zmku1 o dudch zzranch4 ,chytrk krl poslal si pro milho kotie1 poruil1 aby dudy s sebou vzal1 a kdy piel dudk na zmek1 a krl si dudy prohldl1 podval mu za n ti sta tolar4 ,chtj nechtj musil je uboh dt1 aby si krle nerozhnval4 8,ti sta tolar mi do smrti dosta1 krl dobe si mne bude pamatovat a nkdy to me dtem poslouit10 myslil si koti a hledl se potiti4 ,ale pepotal se4 ,stbrk ubvalo dnem2 co mli v chatri dudy1 zvykli si na dobr asy1 a tolrky se brzo rozkutlely4 ,za njak as usadila se u nich zase star bda a dti1 chudci1 plakaly1 e tatk prodal dudy krli4 ,a zase1 ubotka1 hryzly kru se strom4 8,hlupec jsem byl1 e jinam jsme neodeli1 kde by se byl krl o ns nedovdl10 nakal si koti a el do zmku ku krli2 ale ani nepustili ho tam1 ped vrata vystrili otrhance4 ,ze zmku pustil se rovnou cestou opt do lesa1 kde byla nejvt hou a kde byly bzy tlust jako kldy a vysok jako duby na ,kivokltsku4 ,ddeek ji tam ekal1 sedl na mechu a usmval se4 8,tys tu zas80 podivil se starouek4 8,vdy jsem to vdl1 e nebude dudy dlouho mt4 ,kams je dal80 8,poslal si pro mne krl1 mil ddouku1 a j chtj nechtj musil mu je nechati4 ,dal mi za n ti sta tolar2 ale v1 e stbrky jsou kulovat a e se brzo rozkutlej4 ,u ns je zase zle1 jako onehdy1 kdy jsem se el obsit4 ,dti opt ohryzuj kru se strom a j1 abych to nevidl a neslyel1 odeel jsem do lesa40 8,a dobe jsi piel4 ,jin dudy ti dm1 tyhle10 povdal ddeek1 a opravdu vythl ze spoda erkovho kabtu nov dudy1 na vlas tm prvnm podobn4 8,zas na n hrej a uvid1 e se ti opt dobe povede4 ,ale chytrk mus bt1 chytej ne ten krl lakomec4 ,po tet bych ti u nepomohl40 ,a nedopovdl jet ani staeek a ji bezovm zaustilo po nm jen lupen4 ,koti prohldl si dudy a podkoval ihned ,pnu ,bohu1 e ho z nouze vytrhl4 ,a sotva e k chaloupce doel1 zase zaal na dudy hrt1 a est dt beelo mu naproti prkem1 e tatk m zase dudy a e u nebudou muset trpt hlad a hlady kru se strom ohryzovat4 ,opt vybhl kluk ze zzranch dud1 neroznel vak1 co jen hrdlo rilo1 ale bikem emnkovm lehal do dt1 e se vecky rozutekly chudinky1 kam jen kdo mohl4 ,tatk hodil rozmrzen dudami do mechu a zlobil se1 e staeek si jet z nho v chudob udlal smch4 ,sedl si na prh ped chatr a pemlel1 co poti4 ,a kdy tak pemlel1 napadlo ho1 co ekl mu ddeek1 aby byl chytej ne ten krl lakomec1 vstal1 vzal kabt1 zdvihl dudy1 uschoval je opatrn pod kabt a el ku krli do zmku4 ,dtem ekl1 e se brzo vrt a e jim pinese jst1 co budou chtt4 ,v zmku se zrovna chystali k velik hostin4 ,krl rozeslal na vecky strany posly s listy zvacmi a sluebnictvo nevdlo1 eho se dve chopit4 ,dokon byly oteveny komnaty krlovsk1 istili je a upravovali v hodovn s4 ,nikdo si ve spchu ani neviml chudho mue4 ,a koti neotlel1 vekradl se nepozorovan a do nejposlednjch pokoj1 je obval sm krl a kde visely dudy na pozlacenm hebku dve4 ,ani vidu nebylo tu po nikom1 krl na jeleny vyjel do les a dvoennov s komornky s nm4 ,hbit vyal koti dudy1 je ml schovan pod kabtem1 opatrn se rozhldl1 zdali ho nkdo nevid a tyhle za ony prodan povsil na hebk pozlacen a zase tak nepozorovan vyplil se ze zmku4 ,tet den bylo ji plno panstva v sdle krlovskm a jet sla novch a novch host pijdlo do dvora1 e msta nebylo ani pro povozy4 ,s vldnou tv uvtal vecky hostitel a kdy zasedli za stoly1 na nich stbrem a zlatem leskly se tale1 pro dudy zael krl do komnaty sv--nepovdl o nich jet velmom--a kdy vrtil se a zadudal1 kluk vybhl z nich1 ale neroznel jdla drah1 nejvzcnj1 co hrdlo jen r1 jen kmital se po stole a do tv a pes ruce lehal velmoe1 e rozutkali se vichni z hodovn sn do dvora a kom poroueli zaphat1 e okamit odjedou4 ,a opravdu tryskem odjdly kory ze dvora krlova a pni v nich splali vladai1 e podvedl je a vydal posmchu veobecnmu a zaekli se1 e nebudou ho mt dle za krle4 ,krl mrtil dudami o mramorovou dlabu1 e na stero kus se rozletly2 ale nejhe vedlo se pi tom dvoennm4 ,tak pro kotie poslal2 ale poslov vraceli se jeden za druhm s nepozenou1 e stopy nen pr po nm v ,podles1 a sami za to propadli pokut1 e nepivedli chudka4 ,ale panstvo opravdu od t doby krle neposlouchalo1 jinho si zvolili a lakomce ze zmku vyhnali4 ,kotii dobe se vedlo vak i s dtmi4 ,odsthoval se odtud hluboko do les a nezakusil ji ani po cel ivot1 emu lid nouze kaj4 ,o divotvornch dudch od tch dob nikdo neslyel1 j tak ne1 a proto nemohu vm vce povdt4 ,bezpochyby e zstaly v rodu kotiov4 ,vclav ,bene ,tebzsk4 ,o ,,blanick,,ch ,,ryt,,ch4 ,v okol msta ,vlaim u msteka ,louovic vypnaj se vedle sebe dva vrchy1 oba 8,blank0 een4 ,s menho z nich1 s ,malho ,blanka1 problvaj se rozvaliny kaple zruen za csae ,josefa ,,ii42 vy1 ,velk ,blank1 nad #fjj m vysok1 je bjen ta hora1 o n sob vypravuj sta1 mlad1 v okol i dl1 kterou znaj vude po eskch vlastech4 ,hv tmavho lesa splv od temene po vech bocch homolovho ,blanka1 jen vn1 a zachmuen shl na krajinu od svta odlehlou1 na jej chlumy a pln mlo rodn4 iroko daleko je patrno jeho tm a v okol asto k nmu ptrav vzhlej4 ,vt1 chmurami zahaleno jsouc1 zl povt1 promodrv-li se vak jasn1 slibuje jist as4 ,na temeni ,blanka vidti ve stnu buk a jinho stromov pradvn1 kamenn hradby1 vtinou sesut4 ,po devnm hrad1 nkdy majetku eskch krl1 jeho chrnili a jen se stal pamtnm v djinch zpasu mezi ,vclavem ,,iv4 a bratrem jeho ,zikmundem1 nen dnes ani pamtky4 ,ale pod hradbami v hoe sam dmaj ozbrojen ryti1 8svatovclavsk vojsko01 dmaj a ekaj1 a nastane den1 kdy bude poteba jejich pomoci1 a budou do boje povolni4 ,pod skalnatm vrcholem ,blanka1 ve vchodnm svahu je skla v podob lomenho oblouku4 ,tam je vchod do hory1 tam se tak prt pramen1 z nho blanit ryti sv kon napjej1 kdy za as jednou za jasn msn noci vyjdj na palouk mezi lesy pod horou1 aby se tu oddali rytskm hrm4 ,za takov noci zalh do okol temn dunn1 stlumen rachot bubnv i polnice hlas4 ,k rnu zase ve rzem utichne1 rytstvo1 kostvo1 ve zanikne ve skaln brn a zmiz v tajemnm ln hory4 ,jen na palouce zstv pamtka po nonm1 jzdeckm reji3 peetn stopy koskch kopyt4 ,ne do skalnatch sklepen1 kde dm svatovclavsk vojsko1 vkroil tak ji nejeden lovk4 ,tak jednou dvka jaksi ala trvu pod ,blankem4 ,najednou se j zjevil ryt a vybdl ji1 aby s nm la1 poklidit v hoe4 ,dvka se nebla a la4 ,brna do hory byla otevena2 v klenutch skalnch snch stli osedlan kon adou u lab1 ryti pak sedli za stoly a majce tv na stl poloenu1 byli pohroueni ve spnek4 ,jak se dvka rozhledla1 zaala zametati4 ,prce j kvapem ubvalo a za chvilku vecko poklidila4 ,tak se j zdlo4 ,vymeti sebrala smet do klna a vyla voln z hory4 ,nikdo j nezastavil1 nikdo na ni nepromluvil1 nikdo se nezbudil4 ,kdy pila dom1 ptali se j1 kde tak dlouho byla4 ,divila se a povdla1 e pichz jako jindy tou chvl4 ,uasla1 kdy j ekli1 toue chvl naposled ped rokem s trvy pila1 e byla cel rok pry4 ,i povdla1 kde se ocitla1 a tu vichni srozumli1 pro j rok uplynul chvilkou4 ,tetho dne vak byla dvka nebokou4 ,tak jako ji1 neznm ryt pozval si tak kove z ,louovic do hory1 aby tam okoval kon4 ,kov el a kdy okoval1 dali mu do pytle smet1 kter ze zlosti ped horou vysypal4 ,doma pak se dovdl1 e ho ji oplakali1 ponvad zmizel beze stopy a cel rok nebylo po nm ani potuchy4 ,i povdl1 co se s nm dlo1 a kdy pak pytel protsal1 vypadly z pytle ti dukty4 ,te teprve vidl1 e chybil4 ,ihned bel zptky ku blanick brn1 kde smet vysypal4 ,ale nadarmo4 ,nebylo tam ani smet1 ani dukt4--,jet o jinch vypravuj1 kte se podobn dostali mezi blanick ryte1 nemajce o tom zdn4 ,ale tomu ji dvno4 ,blank zamen1 vn1 a zachmuen shl na osamlou1 od svta odlehlou krajinu1 a jako by trud teskn dumy na nm a vude kol spoval4 ,svatovclavsk vojsko sp4 ,jet nen as1 aby vstalo4 ,to bude ve chvli nejvtho nebezpeenstv na vlasti1 a v n bude tolik neptel1 e by cel krlovstv roznesli na kopytech svch kon4 ,tenkrte budou vidna znamen3 uschnou vrcholy strom v blanickm lese1 na temeni hory se zazelen star1 uschl dub a pramen u skly rozvodn se tak1 e bystic se poval dol4 ,a tu se ,blank oteve a ryti vythnou do boje1 vedeni sv4 ,vclavem1 jen se zjev na blm koni4 ,i nastane boj tak zuiv1 e krev proudem potee od ,strahova a po kamenn ,karlv most1 a v tom boji pote sv4 ,vclav meem1 sv4 ,prokop pak berlou vechny neptele na vlasti4 ,tak povst o blanickch rytch1 je utovala nae pedky za smutnch1 tkch dob a je jest ohlasem vrouc lsky k vlasti a pevn dvry v lep budoucnost4 ,alois ,jirsek4 ,,kr,l ,,je,m,,nek4 ,morava byla bez panovnka4 ,a nezemel j1 v bojch nepadl1 ani jinak zahynul4 ,ale zmizel beze stopy1 e nebylo po nm ani slechu ani dechu4 ,podveer jet mekal krl ,svatopluk v leen svho vojska s pny a zemany1 pak odebral se do svho stanu4 ,okolo pl noci vyel ven1 to str vidla1 vsedl na kon a jel tie spcm tborem4 ,nikdo si ho neviml2 stre pak stojc na kraji leen1 poznave ho nevzkikly na nj1 nbr uctiv pustily ho ven1 akoliv jim bylo divno1 na krl v ten pozdn as vyjd za tbor4 ,hledly za nm1 a zanikl v plnonch temnostech4 ,nikdo netuil1 e ji dlouho neml klidu a spokojenosti ve v sv slv a moci1 jak tilo ho svdom proto1 e se zle opral sv4 ,methodji1 velikmu dobrodinci moravsk zem a veho eskho lidu1 e ruil jeho dy i svat1 slovansk obad4 ,kletba svtcova nedala ,svatoplukovi spti4 ,vzpamatovav se sm nad sebou1 zkrouen pemtal v bezesnch nocch1 jak by se kl1 jak by usmil boha4 ,a t noci se rozhodl1 e nech veho1 e opust sv vojsko1 dvr i sluhy1 poklady kovu i vzcn zbran1 e se vzd v moci a slvy4 ,jel a jel pustou noc1 a dojel na jedno msto na strni hory ,zboru1 kde se vude ernaly rozlehl hvozdy1 a kde ped tm ti poustevnci s jeho podporou vystavli kostel4 ,v tom ernm lese1 v odlehlm1 ukrytm mst probodl meem svho kon1 me pak zahrabal4 ,bezbrann bral se neschdnm lesem1 a za rannho svtn doel k tm poustevnkm4 ,tenkrte nevdli1 ani netuili1 kdo je2 ale pijali ho1 a ,svatopluk obleen v roucho poustevni4 ,i zstal po lta nepoznn1 a teprve ped svou smrt povdl a se vyznal1 kdo je a pro sem piel4 ,zatm1 kdy tak beze stopy zmizel1 pomleli na ,morav voliti jinho panovnka4 ,i hledali1 kdo by stolce byl nejhodnj4 ,tenkrte il na ,perovsku na hrad ,chropini zeman1 pn rozlehlch statk1 mu bohat1 u pn1 zeman velmi ven1 od lidu milovan4 ,vldl na svch statcch lidsky a maje dar ducha1 soudil moude a spravedliv4 ,i ekli si pni zeman3 8,na jinde vladae hledati1 kdy ho mme mezi sebou80 ,a tak zvolili chropiskho pna1 vichni jednostejn1 bez rznic a spor2 volbu jejich chvlili po v zemi a radovali se z novho krle4 ,ten1 aby poznal vecky koniny sv e1 objdl zemi2 vude ho vtali s mnohm plesnm a velikou slvou1 a jel na poledne koninami1 kde rva zrla1 a jel rodnou ,hanou1 plnou boho poehnn1 a na plnoc i vchod dolinami mezi lesnatmi kopci4 ,vude se mu chtli zachovati1 a pni a zeman pedhnli se1 aby zskali si jeho pze1 lahodili mu1 lichotili1 radovnky strojili a hlun hody4 ,kdy pak se vrtil na chropisk hrad1 nic ho tu ji netilo1 ani oddan pchylnost jeho nn pan4 ,stskalo se mu po hlunch zbavch4 ,i strojil hody a zval hojn hosti4 ,pni zeman v bohatch suknch1 v apkch s volavm pem1 v drahch ubch a krznech1 s lesklmi avlemi a mei pi bitch1 lesklch psech sjdli se na krsnch konch pestrch pokrov ze vech konin zem1 e jim sotva staily msteko i hrad4 ,tam slaveny bohat hody1 velik vesel1 ne jednou1 ne dvakrt4 ,pes tu chvli se sjdlo panstvo1 besedovalo1 hodovalo s vladaem a pilo4 ,kdy se veer vracel dln lid s pole1 hmlo na chropiskm hrad vesel4 ,zvuely pohry1 struny a zpvy pi zi pochodn a svc4 ,a kdy lid1 pospav po lopotn prci1 zhy z rna se zase bral na pole do dla1 bvalo na hrad jet hluno a veselo4 ,i hledli vn ke krlovu sdlu1 starostliv mluvili1 jak to sprva1 co z toho bude1 mluvili o tom1 jak s povenosti pila chropiskmu pnu pcha1 jak zhrdl1 jak je slvou zmmen1 jak mysl1 e jen jemu sammu slunce svt4 ,a pokad vzpomnali pedobr pan krlov4 ,z t due j litovali1 co zkou1 jak tko ve nese dobrotiv pan1 jak se stran pustch tch hod4 ,lid se nadarmo nestaral4 ,krli ji nestailo vlastn bohatstv2 proto jal se ukldati nov a velik dan1 ednci jeho nesmli nikomu vyhovti a tiskli vechny1 i chud4 ,lid poal krle nenvidti1 nakal na a klel mu4 ,jen o krlovn se smlen nemnilo4 ,ba jet s vtm pohnutm si o pan mluvili1 jak za n u krle pros1 oroduje1 aby jich tak neutahoval4 ,pravdu mluvili2 dn vak nevidl slz1 je krlov v samot proplakala v hokm pli1 jak krli z zkosti o nho a z lsky srden mrn domlouvala1 jak se krl na ni osopoval1 jak hrub odbyta se sklopenou hlavou vychzela z jeho komnaty1 div nekloptla1 jak se j tmlo v och hanbou a slzami4 ,a jednou krl1 kdy opt uloil novou berni a krlov zase za lid prosila1 rozvzteklen vytrhl na ni me a hnal se po n tak prudce1 e div vyklouzla ze dve4 ,v tom divokm hnvu poruil vojnm1 aby ji t chvle1 hned z hradu vyvedli1 e j nechce mti na och4 ,kdy pak vyhledl oknem ku brn a spatil ubohou pan1 pojat byl na novo takovm vztekem1 e vyraziv z komnaty za n se hnal s dobytm meem4 ,krlov ho jet v as zahledla4 ,ve smrteln zkosti hledala njakho toit4 ,ale nikde nebylo ochrany1 nikde ztity4 ,jenom ln dozrvajcho jemene stl u cesty1 ln ir a poehnan1 jen se na slunci svtil krsn blav zblesky klas i jejich ostin4 ,v rz pohnula se hladina rnho lnu3 klasy se rozhoupaly1 rozvlnily1 a nad nimi se mhala zlat krlovnina ktice4 ,uboh prchala jemenem1 a najednou v nm zapadla1 zmizela jako ve zlat tni4 ,a ji se obil zavelo1 tiilo1 a nehnut stlo moe klas zlat se svtc a skrvajc neastnou pan krlovm zrakm4 ,vesnick eny ji pak naly a vedle n dtko1 je se j tu narodilo4 ,odnesly je do vsi a tam je peliv oetovaly a dtti1 krlovu synu1 daly jmno ,jemnek na pamtku toho1 e se narodil v jemeni4 ,ale krl1 jakmile se dovdl o tom tulku1 dal manelku i syna odvsti kamsi daleko2 kam1 nikdo nezvdl4 ,ne co selo s o1 neselo z mysli4 asto se mihla krli usouen tv milostn pan jeho1 asto si vzpomnl na svho synka4 ,to nejastji1 kdy nabaiv se pust rozkoe1 bloudil samotou4 ,pak pojala ho takov tesknota1 takov touha1 a poslze vyslal posly1 aby mu hned zase pivedli enu i dt4 ,ale poslov se vrtili na chropisk hrad sami a vydeni oznamovali1 e pan krlov i krlevic zmizeli z toho krytu a e nikdo nev1 kam se podli4 ,krl ustrnuv1 zaleknut1 rozkzal ztracench hledati4 ,i chvtali ,chropit1 z ,perova1 z okol a vichni ochotn rdi1 nebo li pro milou krlovnu4 ,tak krl vyjel s druinou ptrat po sv rodin4 ,jel tam1 onam1 neminul dnho zkout1 projdl krajem1 projdl horami1 po ddinch se shnl1 po hradech se vyptval1 sliboval1 i po lesch hledal a slujch1 ne vude marn jako vichni4 ,tak dojel poslze do irho tmavho hvozdu 7na hoe ,zboru7 a tu shledl u jeskyn starho poustevnka1 zarostlho blmi vousy4 ,ihned se ho dychtiv vyptval1 nev-li o jeho pan1 nev-li o synu ,jemnkovi4 ,i pokroil poustevnk a stanuv proti chropiskmu pnu1 psn se mu dval do o a psn jako soudce a prorocky k nmu promluvil3 8,pro viny sv nejsi hoden sv manelky ani svho syna4 ,vz1 e ho nenajde1 ani uvid4 ,ale on pijde4 ,a jako ty jsi byl metlou moravsk zem1 bude on jej spsou4 ,a jako tob klnou1 budou jemu ehnati1 nebo on1 a bude ,morava nejvce nepteli sklena1 moravsk lid osvobod4 ,a bude poehnan vldnouti krl ,jemnek v osvobozen vlasti4 ,ty pak jdi a i pokn60 ,sklen1 zoufaje si krl vrtil se na svj hrad4 ,ji ctil svou vinu4 ,plila ho1 a se svdomm muila ho touha po manelce a synu4 ,jako mrak chodil chropiskm hradem4 ,lidem se vyhbal1 samoty hledal1 a najednou zase si nazval host a dvoan na hiv hody4 ,chtl jimi umleti svdom1 chtl zkonejiti palivou touhu4 ,ale ciz1 vesel ryk a zpv ho neutily4 ,na rz nechal bohatho stolu1 nechal host a tkal v noci snmi1 ndvom1 a zoufaje si skoil do hradn1 bezedn studn4 ,poustevnkova vtba o synu chropiskho pna roznesla se jako vtrem po v moravsk zemi a ddila se po vechny vdy s pokolen na pokolen4 ,lid nepestal ekati krle ,jemnka4 ,v chropiskm zmku mli stl a pokoje pro nj stle uchystny1 aby ho dstojn pohostili4 ,a kdy neel1 hledali ho ,chropit1 z ,perova msta1 alkovt i jinde v perovskm kraji4 ,kadm rokem shromaovali se a shromauj po mstech a ddinch a v zstupu se zbran v ruce thnou ddinami1 poli a lesem a hledaj danho1 touenho krle ,jemnka1 nadji v lep budoucnost4 99 99 99 99 99 ,kdy bvalo za roboty hrub zle1 lid se utoval tou vtbou o lep budoucnosti4 ,za csae ,josefa1 za nho poddanm znan uvolnno1 zdlo se lidu1 e slben doba nastv4 ,proto nechtl uviti a nevil1 e csa ,josef umel4 ,po ddinch si vypravovali1 e uel jen ped pny dlu jeho nepejcmi a e v pestrojen mek mezi lidem1 ddiny obchz i utuje4 ,a lid mu kal zase ,jemnek a bjil o nm1 e nos dlouh kabt1 modrav nohavice do bot vdy se lesknoucch1 teba bylo blta po kolena4 ,pes ten oblek m modrav pl4 ,kdy v nm kr1 nikdo ho nevid1 leda ten1 kter chce1 aby ho vidl4 ,na besedu pichzv veer zavenmi dvemi1 posed za stolem1 pohovo a zase tak zmiz1 jak piel4 ,pod-li mu kdo chleba1 aby si ukrojil1 neukroj2 dokud m ten pl na sob1 nej a nepije1 a kdyby prelo1 jen se lilo1 zstv ten pl such1 jako by na nj ani nekaplo4 ,za doby tk roboty obchzely asi uvdomlej osobnosti ddiny a tajn utovaly lid a povzbuzovaly1 e robotu a platy pestanou1 e pijde as pln svobody4 ,vrchnosti sthaly takov osoby a proto nazeny byly prohldky po vem panstv4 ,dly se dvakrte za rok1 vdy v noci stejnou dobou1 a si prelo jak prelo4 ,psai kancelt1 myslivci a mldenci myslivet1 drbi a vrtn rozeli se po dvou po osadch1 pibrali si mstn ad a konali prohldku dm od domu4 ,hledali ,jemnka2 kdyby na nj padli a on se jim vydel a utkal1 mli ho zasteliti4 ,ale nepodailo se jim nikdy ,jemnka nalzti4 ,alois ,jirsek4 ,,zlatovl,,ska4 ,byl jeden krl a byl tak rozumn1 e i vem ivoichm rozuml1 co si povdali4 ,a poslouchejte1 jak se tomu nauil4 ,pila k nmu njak star babika1 pinesla mu v koku hada a povd1 aby si ho dal ustrojiti2 kdy ho sn1 e bude vemu rozumti1 co kter zve v povt1 na zemi a ve vod mluv4 ,tomu krli se to lbilo1 e bude umti1 co nikdo neum1 dobe babice zaplatil a hned poruil sloucmu1 aby mu tu rybu k obdu pipravil4 8,ale01 pr1 8a j ani na jazyk nevezme1 sice mi to svou hlavou zaplat60 ,jikovi1 tomu sloucmu1 bylo divno1 pro mu to krl tak tuze zapovdl4 8,jak iv jsem takov ryby nevidl01 povd sm sob2 8vypad zrovna jako had6 ,a jak by to byl kucha1 aby ani neokusil1 co stroj80 ,kdy to bylo upeeno1 vzal koutek na jazyk a pochutnval4 ,v tom sly kolem u nco bzueti3 8,nm taky nco1 nm taky nco60 ,jik se ohl1 co to8 a nevid ne nkolik much1 co v kuchyni ltaly4 ,tu zas nkdo na ulici iplav vol3 8,kam pak1 kam pak80 ,a ten hlasy odpovdaj3 8,do mlynova jemene1 do mlynova jemene60 ,jik koukne oknem a vid housera s hejnem hus4 8,aha60 povd1 8takov to ryba80 ,u vdl1 co je4 erstv vstril jet jeden drobet do st a pak hada donesl krli jako by nic4 ,po obd krl poruil ,jikovi1 aby mu osedlal kon1 e se chce projeti po zelen louce1 a on aby ho doprovzel4 ,krl jel naped a ,jik za nm4 ,kdy jeli po zelen louce1 ,jikv k poskoil a zaehtal3 8,hohoho1 brate6 mn je tak lehko1 e bych chtl pes hory skkati60--8,co je o to01 povd druh2 8j bych taky rd skkal1 ale na mn sed star2 skom-li1 sval se na zem jako mch a sraz vaz40--8,a si sraz1 co z toho80 ekl ,jikv k2 8msto starho bude nositi mladho40 ,jik se t rozmluv zasml1 ale jen tak po tichu1 aby krl nevdl4 ,ale krl taky dobe rozuml1 co si konci povdali1 ohldl se a vida1 e se ,jik smje1 pt se3 8emu se smje80--8,niemu1 krlovsk ,jasnosti6 ,jen mi tak nco pipadlo01 omlouval se ,jik4 ,star krl vak u ho ml v podezen a kom u taky nedvoval1 obrtil a zas dom4 ,kdy pijeli do zmku1 krl poruil ,jikovi1 aby mu nalil do sklenice vna4 8,ale tv hlava za to01 povd1 8jestlie nedoleje anebo peleje60 ,jik vzal konvici s vnem a leje4 ,v tom piletli oknem dva ptkov2 jeden druhho honil a ten1 co utkal1 ml ti zlat vlasy v zobku4 8,dej mi je01 povd ten jeden1 8vak jsou moje60 8,nedm1 moje jsou6 ,j jsem si je zdvihl40 8,ale j jsem je vidl1 jak upadly1 kdy se zlatovlas panna esala4 ,dej mi aspo dva40--8,ani jednoho60--,tu ten druh ptek za nm a ty dva zlat vlasy pochytil4 ,kdy se tak o n letmo tahali1 zstalo kadmu v zobku po jednom1 tet zlat vlas upadl na zem1 jen to zazvonilo4 ,v tom se ,jik po nm ohldl a pelil4 8,propadl jsi ivot60 vykikl krl2 8ale chci s tebou milostiv naloiti1 kdy t zlatovlas panny dobude a pivede mi ji za manelku40 ,co ml ,jik dlat8 ,chtl-li svj ivot zachovati1 musil pro pannu1 akoliv ani nevdl1 kde j hledati4 ,osedlal si kon a jel kudy tudy4 ,pijel k ernmu lesu a tu pod lesem u cesty hoel ke2 zaplili jej pasci4 ,pod keem byl mraven kopec1 jiskry na nj padaly1 a mravenci se svmi blmi vajky sem tam utkali4 8,oh1 pomoz1 ,jiku1 pomoz60 volali alostn1 8uhome a nai mlad ve vajkch40--,on tu hned s kon dol1 ke ual a ohe uhasil4 8,a bude toho potebovati1 vzpome si na ns1 a taky ti pomeme40 ,potom jel tm lesem a pijel k vysok jedli4 ,na vrchu na jedli bylo krkav hnzdo a dole na zemi pitla dv krkavata a nakala4 8,otec a matka nm uletli2 mme si samy potravy hledati a my uboh psklata jet ltati neumme4 ,och1 pomoz1 ,jiku1 pomoz6 nasy ns1 sic umeme hlady40--,jik se dlouho nerozmlel1 skoil s kon a vrazil mu do boka me1 aby krkavata mla co rti4 8,a bude toho potebovati01 krkorala vesele1 8vzpome si na ns1 a taky ti pomeme60 ,potom dl u musil ,jik pky4 el dlouho1 dlouho lesem a kdy konen z lesa vychzel1 vidl ped sebou dalek1 irok moe4 ,na behu kraj moe dva rybi spolu se hdali4 ,chytili velikou rybu do st a kad chtl ji mti sob sm4 8,m je s1 m ryba60--,a druh na to3 8,mlo by ti tvoje s byla platna1 kdyby m lodi a m pomoci nebylo40--8,a po druh zas takovou chytme1 bude tv40--8,ne tak6 ,ty na druhou pokej a tuhle mi dej40--8,j vs porovnm01 povd ,jik2 8prodejte mi tu rybu1 dobe vm ji zaplatm1 a o penze se rozdlte na polovic40 ,i dal jim vecky penze1 co ml od krle na cestu1 nic si nenechal4 ,rybi byli rdi1 e tak dobe prodali1 a ,jik pustil rybu zase do moe4 ,vesele zaplchala vodou1 pohrouzila se a pak nedaleko behu jet jednou vystrila hlavu3 8,a mne1 ,jiku1 bude potebovati1 vzpome si na mne1 odsloum se ti40 ,a po t zmizela4 8,kam jde80 ptali se rybi ,jika4--8,jdu svmu pnu1 starmu krli1 pro nevstu1 pro zlatovlasou pannu1 a nevm ani1 kde j hledati40--8,och1 o t ti dobe meme povdti01 ekl ryb2 8je to ,zlatovlska1 dcera krlova z kilovho zmku tamhle na tom ostrov4 ,kad den rno1 kdy se rozednv1 rozesv si zlat vlasy2 jde ze od nich po nebi i po moi4 ,chce-li1 sami t tam na ten ostrov dovezeme1 proto1 e's ns tak dobe porovnal4 ,mj se vak na pozoru1 abys pravou pannu vybral3 dvanct je panen dcer krlovskch1 ale jen jedna m zlat vlasy40 ,kdy byl ,jik na tom ostrov1 el do kilovho zmku prosit krle1 aby svou zlatovlasou dceru jeho panu krli dal za manelku4--8,dm01 ekl krl1 8ale mus j vyslouiti2 mus za ti dny ti prce vykonati1 co ti ulom1 kad den jednu4 ,zatm si do zejtka me odpoinouti40--,druh den rno povd mu krl3 8,m ,zlatovlska mla tkanici zlatch perel2 tkanice se petrhla a perly vysypaly se do vysok trvy na zelen louce4 ,ty perly mus posbrati1 aby ani jedna nechybovala40--,jik el na tu louku1 byla dalek a irok1 klekl do trvy a hledal4 ,hledal1 hledal od rna do poledne1 ale ani perliky nevidl4 8,och1 kdyby tu byli moji mravenci1 ti by mi mohli pomoci60--8,vak tu jsme1 abychom ti pomohli01 ekli mravenci2 kde se vzali1 tu se vzali1 ale kolem nho se jen hemilo4 8,co potebuje80--8,mm perly posbrati na t louce a nevidm ani jedn60--8,maliko jen pokej1 my je za t posbrme40 ,a netrvalo dlouho1 snesli mu z trvy hromdku perel2 nepoteboval ne na tkanici navlkati4 ,a potom1 kdy u tu tkanici zavazoval1 pikulhal se jet jeden mraveneek2 byl chrom1 noha mu tehd uhoela1 kdy u nich hoelo1 a kiel3 8,pokej1 ,jiku6 nezavazuj1 nesu jet jednu perliku60 ,kdy ,jik ty perly krli pinesl1 krl je pepotal1 ani jedna nechybovala4 8,dobe's udlal svou vc01 povd2 8zejtra ti dm jinou prci60--,rno ,jik piel a krl jemu ekl3 8,m ,zlatohlvka koupala se v moi a ztratila tam zlat prsten2 ten mi najde a pinese40--,jik el k moi a chodil smuten po behu2 moe bylo ist1 ale tak hlubok1 e nemohl ani dna dohldnouti1 a co teprve na dn vyhledati prsten6--8,och1 kdyby tu byla m zlat ryba1 ta by mi mohla pomoci60--,v tom se nco v moi zablesklo a z hlubiny na povrch vody vyplynula zlat ryba3 8,vak tu jsem1 abych ti pomohla2 co potebuje80--8,mm v moi najti zlat prsten a nevidm ani dna04--8,te prv potkala jsem tiku rybu1 nesla zlat prsten na ploutvi4 ,maliko jen pokej1 j ti jej pinesu40 ,a netrvalo dlouho1 vrtila se z hlubiny a pinesla mu tiku i s prstenem4 ,krl ,jika zase pochvlil1 e dobe svou vc udlal2 a potom rno mu tet prci uloil3 8,chce-li1 abych svou ,zlatovlsku tvmu krli dal za manelku1 mus j pinsti mrtv i iv vody2 bude j poteba40--,jik nevda1 kam se pro tu vodu m obrtiti1 el na zda bh1 kudy tudy1 kam ho nohy nesly1 a piel do ernho lesa4 8,och1 kdyby tu byli moji krkavci1 snad by mi pomohli40--,tu mu nad hlavou cosi zaustlo a kde se vzali tu se vzali dva krkavci3 8,vak tu jsme1 abychom ti pomohli4 ,co chce80--8,mm pinsti mrtv a iv vody a nevm1 kde j hledati40--8,o t my dobe vme4 ,maliko jen pokej1 my ti ji pineseme40 ,a za chvilku pinesli ,jikovi kad jednu lahvici plnou vody2 v jedn lahvici byla iv voda1 v druh mrtv4 ,jik byl rd1 e se mu tak potstilo1 a pospchal u k zmku4 ,kraj lesa vidl od jedle k jedli rozpjatou pavuinu1 uprosted pavuiny sedl velik pavouk a cucal mouchu4 ,jik vzal lahvici s mrtvou vodou1 postkal pavouka1 a pavouk svalil se na zem jako zral vin1 byl mrtev4 ,potom postkl mouchu z druh tykvice ivou vodou a moucha zaala sebou hzeti1 vykrabala se z pavuiny ven a pak do povt4 8,tv tst1 ,jiku1 e's mne vzksil01 bzuela mu kolem u1 8vak beze mne sotva bys uhodl1 kter ze dvancti je ,zlatovlska40 ,kdy krl vidl1 e ,jik tu tet vc taky dokzal1 ekl1 e mu zlatovlasou dceru d4 8,ale01 pr1 8mus si ji sm vybrati40--,potom ho zavedl do velik sn2 tam uprosted byl kulat stl a kolem stolu sedlo dvanct krsnch panen1 jedna jako druh2 ale kad mla na hlav loktuku dlouhou a po zem1 blou jako snh1 tak e nic nebylo vidti1 jak m kter vlasy4--8,tuhle jsou m dcery01 povd krl2 8uhodne-li1 kter z nich je ,zlatovlska1 zskal jsi ji a me ji hned s sebou odvsti2 pakli neuhodne1 nen ti souzena1 mus odejti bez n40--,jik byl v nejvt zkosti1 nevdl1 co si poti4--,v tom zaeptalo mu cosi do ucha3 8,bz--bz6 jdi okolo stolu1 j ti povm1 kter to je60 ,byla to moucha1 co ji vzksil ,jik ivou vodou4 8,tahle panna to nen--ta taky ne--ta taky ne--tahle je ,zlatovlska40--8,uhodl's60 ekl krl a ta panna taky hned vstala od stolu1 odhrnula loktuku a zlat vlasy plynuly j hustmi prameny s hlavy a po zem1 a bylo od nich tak jasno1 jako kdy rno sluneko vyjde1 a ,jikovi oi zachzely4 ,potom krl dal na cestu sv dcei1 jak slu a pat1 vpravu a ,jik odvezl ji svmu pnu za nevstu4 ,starmu krli se oi jiskily a poskakoval radost1 kdy ,zlatovlsku vidl1 a hned poruil1 aby se dly ppravy k svatb4 8,chtl jsem t sice dti obsiti pro tvou neposlunost1 aby t krkavci sndli01 povd ,jikovi2 8ale e's mi tak dobe poslouil1 dm ti jen sekerou hlavu sraziti a pak t dm poestn pochovati40--,kdy ,jika odpravili1 ,zlatovlska prosila starho krle1 aby j toho mrtvho sluebnka daroval1 a krl nemohl toho sv zlatovlas nevst odepti4 ,potom ona srovnala hlavu ,jikovu k tlu1 pokropila ho mrtvou vodou a tlo srostlo s hlavou tak1 e po rn ani pamtky nezstalo2 pak ho pokropila ivou vodou a ,jik zase vstal1 jako by se byl znovu narodil1 erstv jako jelen a mladost jen se mu ze tv svtila4 8,och1 jak jsem to tvrd spal60 povd ,jik a mnul si oi4--8,ba vru tvrd jsi spal01 ekla ,zlatovlska1 8a kdyby mne nebvalo1 na vky vkv byl bys se neprobudil60 ,kdy star krl vidl1 e ,jik zas oil a e je mlad a krsnj ne prve byl1 rd by byl taky jet zas omldl4 ,hned poruil1 aby ho taky sali a pak tou vodou pokropili4 ,sali ho a kropili ivou vodou pod1 a ji vecku vykropili2 ale hlava nijak k tlu nepirstala2 potom teprve zaali mrtvou vodou kropiti1 a v tom okamen pirostla2 ale krl byl zase mrtev1 proto e u nemli iv vody1 aby ho vzksili4 ,a ponvad krlovstv bez krle nemohlo bti a nikoho tak rozumnho nemli1 aby vem ivoichm rozuml jako ,jik1 udlali ,jika krlem a ,zlatovlsku krlovnou4 ,k4 ,j4 ,erben4 ,,smrt ,,kmot,i,,ka4 ,byl jeden lovk velice chudobn na svt4 ,narodil se mu chlapeek1 ale nikdo nechtl mu jti za kmotra1 e byl tuze chudobn4 ,otec si povd3 8,mil boe1 tak jsem chudobn1 e mi nikdo nechce poslouiti v tto vci2 vezmu si chlapce1 pjdu a koho potkm1 toho naptm za kmotra a nepotkm-li nikoho1 kostelnk mi pece snad poslou04 el a potkal ,smrt1 ale on nevdl1 co je za osobu2 byla pkn ensk1 jako jin ensk4 ,ptal ji za kmotiku4 ,ona se nevymlouvala a hned ho pivtala kmochkem1 vzala chlapce na ruce a nesla ho do kostela4 ,klouka oktili1 jak pat4 ,jak li z kostela1 kmotr vzal kmotru do hospody a chtl ji trochu uctti jakoto kmotiku4 ,ale ona mu povdala3 8,kmochku1 nechte si toho1 ale pojte se mnou do mho stnku40 ,vzala ho s sebou do sv svtnice a tam bylo velice pkn4 ,potom ho vedla do velikch sklepv a tmi sklepy li a pod zem v temnosti limbu4 ,tam hoely svky3 mal1 hrub1 prostedn--trojho druhu2 a kter jet nehoely1 ty byly velice velik4 ,kmotra prav kmotrovi3 8,hlete1 kmochku1 tu mm kadho lovka vk40 ,kmotr se na to dv1 najde tam velice malou sviku u sam zem a pt se j3 8,ale1 kmotiko1 prosm vs1 pak je ta mal svka u t zem80 ,ona mu povd3 8,to je vae6 ,jak ta svka kterkoli sho1 j musm pro toho lovka jti40 ,on j povd3 8,kmotiko1 prosm vs1 jet mi pidejte40 ,ona mu prav3 8,kmochku1 toho j udlati nemohu60 ,potom la a tomu chlapcovi co ho oktili1 rozehla novou svci velikou4 ,zatm co kmotra nevidla1 kmotr vzal si t novou velikou svci1 zaehl ji a piloil tam1 kde ta jeho malik svce dohovala4 ,kmotra se na ohledla a pravila3 8,kmotku1 toho jste mi neml dlati4 ,ale kdy jste si u pidal1 to jste si pidal a mte4 ,pojme odsud ven a pjdeme ke kmotence40 ,vzala njak dar a la s kmotrem i s dttem ke kmote4 ,pila a poloila kmote chasnka na lko a vyptvala se1 jak j je a kde ji co bol4 ,kmotika si j alovala a kmotr poslal pro njak pivo a chtl ji jako kmotru uctti ve sv chalup1 aby j mohl vdk ukzati4 ,pili a hodovali spolem4 ,potom kmotra povd kmotrovi3 8,kmochku1 tak jste chudobni1 e vm nikdo nechtl v t vci poslouiti1 a j1 ale nic nedbejte1 budete mne mti pamtkou6 ,j budu choditi po hodnch lidech a budu moiti1 a vy budete liti a hojiti4 ,j vm ty lky vecky povm1 j je vecky znm1 a vm kad rd dobe zaplat40 ,stalo se4 ,kmotr chodil po nemocnch1 kde kmotenka moila1 a kadmu pomohl4 ,tu byl najednou tak vzneen lka z nho4 ,umral jeden kne1 skonval1 ale pece jet mu poslali pro toho lkae4 ,on piel1 zaal ho mast mazati a sv prky mu dvati--a pomohl4 ,kdy ho uzdravil1 dobe mu zaplatili1 ani se neptali1 co jsou dluni4 ,potom ,smrt pravila kmotrovi3 8,kmochku1 budoucn pozorujte na to3 komu j budu stti v nohch1 tomu kadmu pomete2 ale komu budu stti v hlavch1 tomu ji nepomhejte60 ,umral zase jeden hrab4 ,zase poslali pro toho lkae4 ,lka pijde1 ,smrt stoj v hlavch za lkem4 ,lka ki3 8,u je zle1 ale pokusme se o to60 ,zavolal sluhy a kzal lko zatoiti nohama ke ,smrti a zaal nemocnho mazati mast a prky mu dvati do st a pomohl mu4 ,hrab mu zaplatil1 co mohl unsti1 ani se neptal1 co je dluen1 byl rd1 e ho uzdravil4 ,smrt1 jak se s nm sela1 povdala mu3 8,kmochku1 kdy se vm to zase tak stane1 vce mi toho nedlejte4 ,teba jste mu pomohli1 ale jenom na chvilku2 j ho pece musm odevzdati1 kam pat40 ,kmochkovi to tak trvalo nkolik rok--ji byl velice str4 ,ale do posledka ji se mrzel a sm ,smrti ptal1 aby ho vzala4 ,smrt ho nemohla vzti1 protoe si sm pidal svci dlouhou2 musil ekati1 a mu doho4 ,jednou jel jet k jednomu nemocnmu1 aby ho uzdravil4 ,pomohl mu4 ,potom se mu ,smrt zjevila a vezla se s nm v koe4 ,zaala ho lechtati a ustla ho zelenou ratolest pod krk1 on se j svalil do klna a odespal smrtelnm spnkem4 ,smrt ho uloila v koe a utekla pry4 ,tu najdou lkae mrtvho v koe leeti a zavezli ho dom4 ,cel msto a vecky osady elely4 8koda toho lkae1 jak to byl dobr lka6 ,dobe pomhal1 takho lkae ji nebude60 ,syn jednou el do kostela a kmotika se s nm potkala4 ,ptala se ho3 8,synu mil1 jak se m80--,on j pravil3 8,u to velijak2 dokud mm1 co mi tatek nahospodaili1 dobe je se mnou2 ale potom1 ,pn ,bh v1 jak se mnou bude40--,kmotika povdala3 8,inu1 synu mj1 neboj se nic1 j jsem tv kestn matka2 co tatek tvj ml1 k tomu j jsem mu pomohla a i tob vivu dm4 ,pjde k jednomu lkai za un a ty bude chytej ne on1 jenom se pkn chovej40 ,potom ho pomastila mast po spncch a zavedla k lkai4 ,lka nevdl1 co je za pan a jakho synka mu do uen vede4 ,pan pikazovala synkovi1 aby se pkn choval1 a lkae dala1 aby ho dobe uil a k dobrmu stavu pivedl4 ,potom se s nm rozlouila a odela4 ,lka a chasnk li spolem zeliny sbrat a tomu uni kad ta zelinka kiela1 jak lk nese1 a ue sbral4 ,lka tak sbral1 ale nevdl dn zeliny1 jak lk kter nese4 ,zeliny uovy pomohly v kad nemoci4 ,lka pravil uovi3 8,ty jsi chytej ne j2 nebo kdo pichz ke mn1 j dnmu nevystihnu a ty od kad nemoci zn zeliny1 jak to v8 ,ty sly zeliny1 kad zelina tob ki1 jak lk nese1 a j neslym dn zeliny4 ,v co1 bume spolem2 j tob slom svj list doktorsk a budu u tebe nejmenm pomocnkem a chci s tebou bti a do smrti40 ,chasnk lil a hojil astn1 a mu v limbu svce dohoela4 limbo--underworld1 ,hades4 ,bene ,method ,kulda4 ,,bohemian ,,english ,,dictionary ,abbreviations3 s4 7substantive7 noun2 m4 masculine2 f4 feminine1 n4 neuter2 a4 adjective1 ad4 adverb2 the verb is shown by the ,english infinite prefix to4 ,other parts of speech are readily recognized by the ,english translation4 ,with the nouns plural forms are given 7either in full or only the ending is shown72 this will indicate to what declension the noun belongs4 ,with the adjectives the various gender endings are indicated4 ,of verbs the infinitive1 first person singular of the indicative1 past and passive participle and imperative1 are given4 ,a a1 and aby1 in order that a1 akoli1 although alespo1 at least1 anyhow ale1 but andl1 s4 m41 7andl71 angel anglick1 -1 -1 a41 ,english ani1 not at all2 ani-ani1 neither-nor ano1 yes asi1 about aspo1 at least avak1 but arci1 of course arci1 arch1 arcibiskup1 archbishop1 arcikne1 archduke a1 up to1 before ,b badati1 badm1 badal jsem1 badej1 investigate bl 7bly71 s4 m41 ball1 dance balvan 7balvany71 s4 m41 boulder barva1 7vy7 s4 f41 color1 dye bse 7bsn71 s4 m41 a poem bsnk1 7bsnci7 s4 m41 poet baviti se1 to amuse1 to enjoy baiti1 bam1 bail1 to desire baina1 s4 f41 swamp bez1 without bezpe1 7s4 m47 security beti1 to run2 bm1 bel1 b6 bda1 s4 f41 distress bl1 -1 -1 a41 white blto1 s4 n41 7blta71 mud1 slush bled1 -1 -1 a41 pale blesk1 s4 m41 7blesky71 lightning blzk1 -1 -1 a41 near ble1 nearer blzko1 near blskati se1 to lighten1 to flash 7blsk se1 blskalo se7 bodati1 bodm1 bodal1 bodni1 to stab1 to pierce bohat1 -1 -1 a41 rich boj 7boje71 s4 m41 fight bojovati1 to fight2 7bojuji1 bojoval1 bojovn1 bojuj67 bok1 boky1 s4 m41 side1 hip bohyn1 s4 f41 7bohyn71 goddess bolest1 s4 f41 7bolesti71 pain bouka1 s4 f41 7bouky71 storm brambor1 s4 m41 7brambory71 potato brti1 to take2 7beru1 bral1 brn1 ber67 bratr1 s4 m41 7brati71 brother beh1 s4 m41 7behy71 shore bezen1 s4 m41 ,march brzo 7brzy71 soon bh1 s4 m4 7bozi71 ,god buchta1 s4 f41 7buchty7 coffee cake bti1 to be1 7jsem1 byl1 bu67 bydleti1 to live1 to reside bydlm1 bydlel1 obydleno1 bydli6 bval1 -1 -1 a41 former1 late1 past ,c cel1 -1 -1 a41 whole1 entire cena1 s4 f41 7ceny71 the value1 the prize cent1 s4 m41 7centy71 penny1 cent cesta1 s4 f41 7cesty7 a journey1 the way cestovati1 to travel 7cestuji1 cestoval1 cestuj67 cihla1 s4 f41 7cihly7 the brick crkev1 s4 f41 7crkve7 the church 7relig4 society7 csa1 s4 m41 7csai7 the emperor csask1 -1 -1 a41 imperial cit1 s4 m41 7city71 feeling citliv1 -1 -1 a41 feeling1 sensible1 perceptible1 tender cizina1 s4 f41 7ciziny71 foreign land ciz1 -1 a41 foreign cizinec1 s4 m41 7cizinci7 a foreigner1 a stranger co81 what8 ctti1 to honor 7ctm1 ctil1 ctn1 cti67 cukr1 s4 m41 7cukry71 sugar cviiti1 7cvim1 cviil1 cvi71 to instruct1 to train arodjnk1 m4 7ci71 sorcerer as1 s4 m41 7asy71 time1 weather asn1 -1 -1 a41 early asov1 -1 -1 a41 suitable to the times st1 s4 f41 7sti71 a part sten1 partly asto1 frequently erstv1 -1 -1 a41 fresh ech1 s4 m41 7ei71 a ,bohemian1 a ,czech echy1 n4 pl4 f41 ,bohemia esk1 -1 -1 a41 ,bohemian erven1 s4 m41 ,june ervenec1 s4 m41 ,july erven1 -1 -1 a41 red est1 s4 f41 7cti71 honor etn1 -1 -1 a41 numerous ili1 or initi1 to make1 to do 7inm1 inil1 inn1 i67 8 of what8 of whose8 ipera1 7ipern7 smart fellow sti1 to read 7tu1 etl1 ten1 ti67 ist1 -1 -1 a41 clean1 pure lovk1 s4 m41 7lid71 a man 7human being7 tvrt1 s4 f41 7tvrti71 a quarter1 a city district tyi 7or tyry71 four ten1 reader ,d dalek1 -1 -1 a41 remote dti1 to give1 7dm1 dal1 dn1 dej67 dar1 n4 m4 7dary71 gift dvati1 to give1 7dvm1 dval1 dvn1 dvej67 dcera1 s4 f41 7dcery71 daughter dech1 s4 f41 7dechy71 breath ddic1 s4 m41 7ddicov71 heir ddictv1 s4 n41 7ddictv71 inheritance dj1 dje1 event1 djepis1 history den1 s4 m41 7dni71 day denn1 -1 a41 daily denn1 daily 7adv47 dkovati1 to thank 7dkuji1 dkoval1 dkuj67 deset1 ten deska1 s4 f41 7desky71 board dlati1 to work2 7dlm1 dlal1 dln1 dlej67 dlnk1 n4 m4 7dlnci71 working-man dve1 n4 p4 7dvata71 girl dlna1 s4 f41 7dlny71 shop dt1 s4 n41 7dti71 child divadlo1 s4 n41 7divadla71 theater divk 7ci7 s4 m41 spectator dvati se1 to look dirka1 s4 f41 7dirky7 hole diviti se1 to be astonished 7divm se1 divil se1 div se67 dvka1 s4 f41 7dvky7 a girl1 a maiden divn1 -1 -1 a41 queer divok1 -1 -1 a41 wild dla1 s4 f41 7dlan71 the palm dle1 according to dlouh1 -1 -1 a41 long dlouze1 at length dluh1 s4 m41 7dluhy71 the debt dnes1 today dno1 s4 n41 7dna71 bottom do1 into1 to1 until doba1 s4 f41 7doby71 period1 time dobrk1 s4 m41 7dobrci71 good man1 good fellow dobr1 -1 -1 a41 good dobroinn1 charitable dobrodruh 7zi7 s4 m41 adventurer docela1 entirely dohoniti1 7dohonm1 dohonil1 doho71 to over take doln1 -1 a41 lower domc1 -1 a41 native2 7domc pn1 landlord7 domek1 s4 m41 7domky71 cottage1 small house domov1 s4 m41 7domovy71 home doma1 at home doshnouti1 to reach1 7dosahuji1 doshl1 dosaen1doshni67 dostati1 to receive 7dostvm1 dostal1 dosta67 dosti1 sufficiently dosud1 up to the time dovdti1 7dovdm1 dovdl1 dovdj71 to frolick1 to play lively dovsti1 to be able or capable1 to know2 7dovedu1 dovedl1 dove67 dovoliti1 7dovoluji1 dovolil1 dovol71 to allow doufati1 to hope 7doufm1 doufal1 doufej67 drah1 -1 -1 a41 dear dve1 sooner1 before druh1 -1 -1 second1 other drz1 -1 -1 a41 impudent duben1 s4 m41 ,april duch1 7duchov71 s4 m41 spirit dleit1 -1 -1 a41 important dm1 s4 m41 7domy71 house dvra1 s4 f41 7dvry71 confidence dvrn1 -1 -1 a41 confidential1 intimate dvtipnost1 s4 f41 7dvtipnosti7 wit dva1 dv1 two dvacet1 twenty dvacet tyi1 twenty four dvakrt1 twice dve1 s4 pl4 n41 door dvr1 s4 m41 7dvory71 court dchati1 to breathe1 to respire 7dchm1 dchal1 dchn1 dchej67 dm1 s4 m41 7dmy7 the smoke dynamit1 s4 m41 dynamite dmka1 s4 f41 7dmky71 a smoke pipe dbn1 s4 m41 7dbny71 pitcher ,e elektina1 7ny71 n4 f41 electricity elektrick1 -1 -1 electric ,evropa1 s4 f41 ,europe ,evropan1 s4 m41 7,evropani71 a ,european ,f far1 s4 m41 7fari71 parson fiala1 s4 f41 7fialy71 violet ,francie1 s4 f41 ,france ,francouz1 s4 m41 ,frenchman francouzsk1 -1 -1 a41 ,french ,h had1 s4 m41 7hadi71 snake hdka1 s4 m41 7hdky71 quarrel hj1 s4 m41 7hje71 grove hjiti1 to defend 7hjm1 hjil1 hjen1 haj67 hanti1 to blame 7hanm1 hanl1 hann1 ha67 hasiti1 to quench 7hasm1 hasil1 haen1 has67 hasi1 7i7 s4 m41 fireman hezk1 -1 -1 a41 nice1 pretty hlad1 s4 m41 hunger hladov1 -1 -1 a41 hungry hlasit1 loudly hlasit1 -1 -1 a41 loud hlava1 s4 f41 7hlavy71 head hledati1 to seek1 to look for 7hledm1 hledal1 hledn1 hledej67 hledti1 to see1 to take care 7hledm1 hledl1 hle67 hlubok1 -1 -1 a41 deep hmota1 s4 f41 7ty71 matter hnd1 -1 -1 a41 brown hnv1 s4 m41 7vy71 anger hojn1 ad41 richly1 abundantly honiti1 to chase 7honm1 honil1 honn1 ho67 hnti1 to drive 7enu1 hnal1 hnn1 e67 hned1 at once hodina1 s4 f41 7hodiny71 hour2 pl4 hodiny1 clock hodn1 -1 -1 a41 good hodnost1 s4 f41 7hodnosti71 value1 dignity hoch1 s4 m41 7hoi71 boy holub1 s4 m41 7holubi71 pigeon holoub1 s4 m41 7holoubata71 young pigeon1 squab hora1 s4 f41 7hory71 mountain hork1 -1 -1 a41 hot horn1 a41 upper hornk1 7ci7 s4 m41 miner horsk1 -1 -1 a41 mountainous hoeti1 to burn 7hom1 hoel1 ho67 hok1 -1 -1 a41 bitter hospodsk1 s4 m41 7hospodt71 innkeeper1 tavernkeeper hospoda1 s4 f41 7hospody71 inn1 tavern1 saloon hospod1 7i7 s4 m41 farmer1 proprietor hospodaiti1 to keep a farm1 to keep house hrabati1 to rake 7hrabu1 hrabal1 hrabn1 hrab67 hovoiti1 to speak1 to talk 7hovom1 hovoil1 hovoeno1hovo67 hrab1 s4 m41 7hrabata71 a count hrad1 s4 m41 7hrady71 castle1 fort1 citadel hrek1 s4 m41 7hrky71 pea hrti1 to play 7upon some instrument7 7hraji1 hrl1 hrn1 hraj67 hrti si1 to play 7in some game7 hrdina1 s4 m41 7hrdinov7 a hero hrozen1 s4 m41 7hrozny71 grape hrozn1 -1 -1 a41 terrible hrst1 s4 f41 7hrsti71 a handful hruka1 s4 f41 7hruky71 pear hrza 7zy71 s4 f41 fright1 terror hb1 s4 n41 7hbata71 colt hch1 s4 m41 7hchy71 sin hmti1 to thunder 7hmm1 hml1 hmi67 hubika 7ky71 s4 f41 kiss hubiti1 to destroy 7hubm1 hubil1 huben1 zahub67 husa1 s4 f41 7husy71 goose hust1 -1 -1 a41 thick hvzda1 s4 f41 7hvzdy71 star hvzdati1 to whistle 7hvzdm1 hvzdal1 hvzdej67 hyzditi1 deface1 disfigure 7hyzdm1 hyzdil1 hydn1 hyzdi67 ,,ch chladn1 -1 -1 a41 cold chlapec1 s4 m41 7chlapci71 boy chlb1 s4 m41 7chleby71 bread chlubiti se1 to boast 7chlubm se1 chlubil se1 chlub se67 choditi1 to walk 7chodm1 chodil1 cho67 chodnk1 s4 m41 7chodnky71 sidewalk chrm1 s4 m41 7chrmy71 the church 7building7 chrniti1 to protect 7chrnm1 chrnil1 chrnn1 chra67 chrpov1 -1 -1 a41 colored like cornflower 7chrpa7 chtti1 to want 7chci1 chtl1 chtn1 chtj67 chud1 -1 -1 a41 poor chud1 -1 7comp4 of a41 poor7 poorer chu1 s4 f41 7chuti71 taste chvliti1 to praise 7chvlm1 chvlil1 chvlen1 chval67 chvilka1 s4 f41 7chvilky71 moment chvti se1 to shiver1 to tremble 7chvji se1 chvl se1 chvj se67 chytati1 to catch 7chytm1 chytal1 chytn1 chytej67 chytiti1 to capture 7chytm1 chytil1 chycen1 chy67 chytr1 -1 -1 a41 wise ,i i1 and1 also ,indin1 s4 m41 7,indini71 ,indian inu1 oh6 inenr1 s4 m41 7ineni71 engineer ,j j1 ,i jablko1 s4 n41 7jablka71 apple jablko1 s4 n41 7jablka71 little apple1 7diminutive7 jak81 how jako1 like1 as jaks1 -s1 -s1 a41 some kind of ,jan1 s4 m41 7,janov71 ,john jaro1 s4 n41 7jara71 the spring jarn1 -1 a41 spring jazyk1 s4 m41 7jazyky71 tongue1 language jednn1 s4 n41 7jednn71 action jeden1 -dna1 -dno1 one jednou1 once1 once upon a time jemn1 -1 -1 a41 tender jen1 jenom1 only jen1 je1 je1 which jeptika1 s4 f41 7jeptiky71 a nun jet1 yet1 still jezero1 s4 n41 7jezera71 lake jeviti se1 to appear1 to become visible 7jevm se1 jevil se1 zjeven1 zjev se67 jdlo1 s4 n41 7jdla71 meal1 food jih1 s4 m41 ,south jinak1 otherwise jinoch1 s4 m41 7jinoi71 a young man jin1 -1 -1 a41 other1 another ,jra1 s4 m41 nick name for ,george 7,ji7 jist1 sure 7adv47 jsti1 to eat 7jm1 jedl1 snden1 jez67 jist1 -1 -1 a41 a certain1 sure1 true jti1 to go 7jdu1 el1 jdi67 jitro1 s4 n4 7jitra71 dawn1 morning ji1 already jzda1 s4 f41 7jzdy71 ride1 drive jin1 -1 a41 southern1 southerly jmno1 s4 n41 7jmna71 a name jmenovati1 to call1 to appoint 7jmenuji1 jmenoval1 jmenovn1 jmenuj67 jmenovit1 especially jmn1 s4 n4 7jmn71 riches ,josef1 s4 m41 7,josefov71 ,joseph ,josfek1 s4 m41 7,josfkov71 diminutive of ,josef 7,joseph7 ,k ,k1 ke1 ku1 to1 towards kabt1 s4 m41 7kabty71 coat kac1 s4 m41 7kaci71 a heretic kaliti1 to cloud1 to trouble1 to temper 7steel1 ocel7 kam81 where8 whither8 kmen1 s4 m41 7kameny71 a stone kamna1 s4 n41 pl41 stove kanr1 s4 m41 7kani71 a canary ,karel1 s4 m41 ,charles kva1 s4 f41 7kvy71 coffee kzati1 to preach 7ki1 kzal1 kzn1 ka67 kad1 -1 -1 a41 each1 everybody kde81 where8 kdo81 who8 kdy81 when8 at what time8 kdysi1 one day kdy1 when1 as klamati1 to deceive 7klamu1 7mm7 klamal1 klamn1 klamej67 klter1 s4 m41 7kltery71 a monastery klesati1 to sink 7klesm1 klesal1 klesej67 kletba1 s4 f41 7kletby71 a curse1 ban kl1 s4 m41 7kle71 a key klid1 s4 m41 peace klih1 s4 m41 glue klobsa1 s4 f41 7klobsy71 sausage klobouk1 s4 m41 7klobouky71 hat kolo1 kola1 s4 n41 wheel kmotr1 s4 m41 7kmoti71 godfather knz1 s4 m41 7kn71 priest kniha1 s4 f41 7knihy71 book knihovna1 s4 f41 7knihovny71 library kne1 s4 m41 7knata71 a prince1 duke kopiva1 7vy71 s4 f41 nettle kocour1 s4 m41 7kocoui71 tom cat kocourek1 7dimin4 of kocour7 s4 m41 7kocourkov71 little male cat koka1 s4 f41 7koky71 cat kol1 s4 m41 7kole71 cooky1 cake konec1 s4 m41 7konce71 the end konen1 ad41 finally konev1 s4 f41 7konve71 tank1 pot kosa1 7sy71 s4 f41 scythe koen1 7ny71 s4 m41 root koen1 7koen71 s4 n41 spices ko1 s4 m41 7koe71 basket kost1 s4 f41 7kosti71 bone kostel1 s4 m41 7kostely71 church kouleti1 to roll 7koulm1 koulel1 koulen1 koulej7 koupati se1 to bathe 7koupm1 koupal1 koupn1 koupej67 koupiti1 to buy 7koupm1 koupil1 koupen1 kup67 kousek1 s4 m41 7kousky71 piece1 lump kout1 s4 m41 7kouty71 a corner kouzelnk1 7ci71 s4 m41 sorcerer kouzelnice1 7ce71 s4 f41 sorceress kouzlo1 7la71 s4 n41 witchcraft koeina1 7ny71 s4 f41 fur kov1 s4 m41 7kovi71 blacksmith koza1 s4 f41 7kozy71 goat kraj1 s4 m41 7kraje71 an edge1 border1 country krjeti1 to cut1 to slice 7krjm1 krjel1 krjen1 krjej67 krajina1 s4 f41 7krajiny71 landscape krl1 s4 m41 7krlov71 king krlovna1 s4 f41 7krlovny71 queen krm1 s4 m41 7krmy71 store krsa1 s4 f41 7krsy71 beauty krsn1 -1 -1 a41 beautiful krtce1 shortly 7adv47 krev1 s4 f41 7krve71 blood kresliti1 to draw 7kreslm1 kreslil1 kreslen1 kresli67 kesan1 s4 m41 7kesan71 a ,christian kiv1 -1 -1 a41 crooked k1 7e71 s4 m41 cross kroj1 s4 m41 7kroje71 a dress krok1 s4 m41 7kroky71 a step kruh1 s4 m41 7kruhy71 a ring1 circle krut1 -1 -1 a41 cruel1 fierce krti1 to cover 7kryji1 kryl1 kryt1 kryj67 kterak1 how8 kter1 - -1 a41 which1 what ku 7or k71 to1 towards kuchaka1 s4 f41 7kuchaky71 a cook 7woman7 kuchyn1 7or kuchy7 s4 f41 7kuchyn71 kitchen k1 s4 m41 7kon71 horse kupec1 s4 m41 7kupci71 merchant kupovati1 to buy 7kupuji1 kupoval1 kupovn1 kupuj67 ke1 7e71 s4 f41 leather kue1 s4 n41 7kuata71 chicken kus1 s4 m41 7kusy71 piece kvsti1 to bloom1 to blossom 7kvetu1 kvetl1 kve67 kvten1 s4 m41 7kvtny71 ,may kvtina1 s4 f41 7kvtiny71 flower kysel1 -1 -1 a41 sour kyselina1 7ny71 acid kta1 s4 f41 7kty71 leg ,l labu 7ti71 swan lahodn1 -1 -1 a41 lovely1 delicious lahdka1 7ky71 s4 f41 delicacy lkati1 to tempt1 to allure 7lkm1 lkal1 lkn1 lkej67 lampa1 s4 f41 7lampy7 lamp lska1 s4 f41 7lsky7 love laskav1 -1 -1 a41 kind lakovati1 to play1 to dally1 7lakuji1 lakoval1 lakuj67 lechtati1 to tickle 7lechtm1 lechtal1 lechtn1 lechtej67 lavice1 s4 f41 7lavice7 bench ledacos1 anything leden1 s4 m41 ,january lehk1 -1 -1 light 7in weight7 lka1 s4 m41 7lkai7 doctor 7physician7 lenoch1 s4 m41 7lenoi7 lazy man len1 7lny7 s4 m41 flax lep1 -1 a41 better lesk1 7sky7 s4 m41 lustre1 brightness les1 s4 m41 7lesy7 forest lto1 s4 m41 7lta7 summer1 year letn1 -1 a41 summer letti1 to fly 7letm1 letl1 le67 letec 7tci71 s4 m41 flyer ltati1 to fly 7ltm1 ltal1 ltej67 lev1 s4 m41 7lvi7 lion leeti1 to lie 7lem1 leel1 le67 lzti1 to crawl 7lezu1 lezl1 lez67 lev1 -1 -1 a41 left lh1 s4 m41 7lhi7 liar ,lhota1 s4 f41 7,lhoty71 name of many villages in ,bohemia lhostejn1 -1 -1 a41 indifferent1 careless lbezn1 -1 -1 a41 delightful libra1 s4 f41 7libry7 pound lid 7or lid1 lidi7 people lidstvo1 s4 n41 7lidstva71 mankind lidsk1 -1 -1 a41 human lijk1 s4 m41 7lijky7 rainstorm lpa1 7py7 lindentree1 basswood 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oteven1 otevi67 ovoce1 s4 n41 7ovoce71 fruit oeniti se1 to marry 7oenm1 oenil1 oenn1 oe67 ,p padest1 fifty padati1 to fall 7padm1 padal1 padni67 padlati1 to forge1 to imitate 7padlm1 padlal1 padln1 padlej67 pak1 then palc1 s4 m41 7palce71 palace pliti1 to burn 7plm1 plil1 plen1 pal67 pamtn1 -1 -1 a41 memorial1 memorable pamatovati si1 to remember 7pamatuji1 pamatoval1 pamatovno1 pamatuj67 paprsek1 7sky7 s4 m41 ray pn1 s4 m41 7pni71 gentleman 7pane6 ,sir67 pan1 s4 f41 7pan71 lady1 madame pamatovati1 remember 7pamatuji1 pamatoval1 pamatuj67 pamtnk1 s4 m41 7pamtnci71 contemporary witness panovati1 to rule 7panuji1 panoval1 panovn1 panuj67 panovnk1 s4 m41 7panovnci71 ruler pra1 s4 f41 7pry71 steam prati1 to rip 7pu1 pral1 prn1 prej67 park1 s4 m41 7parky71 park parostroj1 s4 m41 7parostroje71 the steam engine pata1 s4 f41 7paty71 heel patiti1 7nkomu7 to belong 7patm1 patil1 pati67 patiti1 7na nco71 to gage upon pt1 -1 -1 fifth pavouk1 s4 m41 7pavouci71 spider pavouek1 diminutive of pavouk 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7podmty71 the subject podoba1 s4 f41 7podoby71 a likeness podzimn1 -1 a41 autumnal pohdka1 s4 f41 7pohdky71 story1 fairy tale pohan1 s4 m41 7pohani or pohan71 pagan1 heathen pohrdati1 to despise pochutnati si1 to enjoy in eating 7pochutnvm si1 pochutnal1 pochutnej67 pohrdati1 to scorn1 to disdain 7pohrdm1 pohrdal1 pohrdn1 pohrdej67 pokoj1 s4 m41 7pokoje71 room1 peace pole1 s4 n41 7pole71 field poledne1 s4 n41 7poledne71 noon polokoule1 s4 f41 7polokoule71 hemisphere ploditi1 to produce1 to bear1 to generate 7plodm1 plodil1 plozen7 poloiti1 to lay1 to place 7pokldm1 poloil1 poloen1 polo67 pomoci1 to help 7pomhm1 pomhal1 pomoz67 pomoc1 s4 f41 7pomoci71 the help pomysliti1 to think 7pomlm1 pomlel1 pomlen1 pomysli67 ponvad1 because porka1 s4 f41 7porky7 a defeat poraniti1 to hurt 7poranm1 poranil1 porann1 pora67 porovnati1 to compare 7porovnvm1 porovnal1 porovnn1 porovnej67 pohroziti1 to threaten poslati1 to send 7poslm1 poslal1 posln1 poli67 posledn1 -1 a41 the last postel1 s4 f41 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