,,an?ropological ,,pap]s ,,( ,,! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,vol4 ,i1 ,"p ,,ii4 ,,"s ,,protective ,,designs ,,( ,,! ,,dakota4 ,,by ,,cl>k ,,wissl]4 ,,new ,,york3 ,publi%$ by ,ord] ( ! ,tru/ees4 ,febru>y1 #aijg4 ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,,publications ,,9 ,,an?ropology4 ,! results ( rese>* conduct$ by ! ,an?ropological /aff ( ! ,museum1 unless o!rwise provid$ =1 are publi%$ 9 a s]ies ( octavo volumes ( ab\t #cej pages ea*1 issu$ 9 p>ts at irregul> int]vals1 entitl$ ,an?ropological ,pap]s ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,! ,an?ropological "w ( ! ,museum is organiz$ "u two heads4 ,! ,dep>tm5t ( ,e?nology ex]cises curatorial functions 9 e?nography1 e?nology & physical an?ropology & 9 all ar*ology except t p]ta9+ to ! pres5t conf9es ( ,mexico & ! ,c5tral ,am]ican ,/ates :i* has be5 delegat$ to a di/9ct dep>tm5t entitl$ ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ar*ology4 ,?is s]ies ( publications aims to give ! results ( field-"w conduct$ by ! above dep>tm5ts1 supplem5t$ by ! /udy ( collections 9 ! ,museum4 ,! editorial responsibilities are adm9i/]$ by ! ,curator ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,e?nology4 ,! foll[+ are on sale at ! ,museum at ! prices /at$4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,"p ,i4 ,te*nique ( "s ,s\? ,am]ican ,fea!r-"w4 ,by ,*>les ,w4 ,mead4 ,pp4 #a-ah1 ,plates ,i-,,iv1 & #ad text figures4 ,janu>y1 #aijg4 ,price1 #j4be4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,"s ,protective ,designs ( ! ,dakota4 ,by ,cl>k ,wissl]4 ,pp4 #ai-ed1 ,plates ,v-,,vii1 & #bf text figures1 ,febru>y1 #aijg4 ,price1 #j4ej4 ,,an?ropological ,,pap]s ,,( ,,! ,,am]ican ,,museum ,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,vol4 ,i1 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,,"s ,,protective ,,designs ,,( ,,! ,,dakota4 ,,by ,,cl>k ,,wissl]4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction ,,%ield-,,designs ,,gho/-,,dance ,,designs ,,! ,,hoop ,,! ,,:irlw9d ,,! ,,?und] ,,! ,,spid] ,,conclusion ,,illu/rations4 ,,plates4 ,v4 ,model ( a ,%ield1 ,museum ,no4 #ej-bibi4 ,diamet]1 #ci cm4 ,,vi4 ,%ield-design on a ,cape1 ,museum ,no4 #ej-cajb4 ,wid? ( cape1 #agh cm4 ,,vii4 ,model ( a ,%ield1 ,museum ,no4 #ej-edfg4 ,diamet]1 #df cm4 ,,text ,,figures4 #a4 ,%ield-cov] ) ,design #b4 ,%ield-design1 f a ,draw+ by a ,native #c4 ,draw+1 by a ,native1 ( a ,%ield-cov] #d4 ,%ield-design1 f a ,draw+ by a ,native #e4 ,spid]-design = a ,%ield1 f a ,draw+ by a ,native #f4 ,%ield-design1 f a ,draw+ by ! ,man :o dream$ ( x #g4 ,%ield-design repres5t+ a ,?und]/orm1 f a ,draw+ by a ,native #h4 ,model ( a ,%ield ) ,pictographic ,design #i4 ,design on ,si\x ,%ield captur$ by a ,fox ,indian #aj4 ,front ( a ,gho/-dance ,g>m5t #aa4 ,back ( ,g>m5t %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj #ab4 ,designs on ! ,front ( ,gho/-dance ,g>m5t #ac4 ,designs on ! ,back ( ,g>m5t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab #ad4 ,front ( a ,gho/-dance ,g>m5t be>+ ,dragon-fly ,design #ae4 ,back ( ,g>m5t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad #af4 ,circul> ,design ^u a ,%irt #ag4 ,sket*1 by a ,native1 ( an ,elk-my/]y ,danc] c>ry+ a ,hoop ) a ,mirror 9 ! ,c5tre #ah4 ,engrav$ ,metal ,cross #ai4 ,engrav$ ,bone ,object #bj4 ,:irlw9d ,design1 f ! ,h&le ( a ,club #ba4 ,:irlw9d ,design1 f a ,popgun #bb4 ,:i/le1 ( ,bone #bc4 ,design ( a ,spid]-web #bd4 ,sket* ( a ,robe = ! ,m$ic9e-b[ ,own] #be4 ,design on a ,metal ,belt-ornam5t #bf4 ,design ( ! ,spid]-web on a ,/raight ,pipe ,,introduction4 ,! decorative art ( ! ,dakota has be5 treat$ 9 a prec$+ pap]1 9 :i* brief m5tion 0 made ( religi\s art1 or t art 9 :i* !re 0 a def9ite1 unmi/akable motive on ! "p ( ! arti/ to repres5t my?ical or philosophical ideas4 ,9 ?is m s]i\s art1 a l>ge numb] ( designs may be *>act]iz$ z 8protective designs10 because _! pres5ce or possession is 9 "p a protection4 ,! idea 9 a protective design seems to be a symbolical appeal to ! s\rce or concrete manife/ation ( a protective p[]4 ,x is n easy to get ! po9t ( view & ! _s ( ! fai? t make ^! designs significant1 b f ! detail$ explanations ( !m "s g5]al idea c be =m$4 ,! descriptions giv5 9 ?is pap] are bas$ ^u ! /atem5ts ( ,indians1 9 mo/ cases ! execut]s ( ! designs4 ,! attitude ( ! read] t[>d su* a /udy z ?is is (t5 t ( conclud+ t ! po9ts ( view set =? by a writ] are univ]sal 9 ! tribe4 ,?is leads to a great deal ( sup]ficial criticism4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! writ]1 any rejection ( su* /udy because "o or two or sev]al ,indians d5y all k ( "s or all ( ! specific native acc\nts ^u :i* conclusions are bas$1 is absurd4 ,we might z well te/ ! arti/ic s5se ( a city by call+ 9 "o or two p]sons f ! /reet4 ,z a case 9 po9t1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ! rem>ks ( ,j4 ,ow5 ,dorsey on ! au!nticity ( ,bu%ott]'s ,d\ble ,woman4#a ,a great deal ( ! in=mation receiv$ f ,indians relative to religion is l>gely individual1 & e e?nological field-work] mu/ take ! be/ ( 8 mat]ial f ! brighte/ m5 ( a tribe4 ,! object ( ?is /udy has be5 to br+ toge!r ideas express$ by v>i\s individuals m or less em95t among _! p1 because all ( ^! individual conceptions seem to h mu* 9 common4 ,! data 7 secur$ by ! writ] :5 on ,museum exp$itions to ! ,teton & ,yankton divisions ( ! ,dakota4 ----- #a ,dorsey 7,elev5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 p4 #dhj74 ,,%ield-,,designs4 ,! circul> %ield 0 di/ribut$ ov] a l>ge "p ( ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,a conspicu\s "p ( ! arms ( ,mexican w>riors 0 8! r\nd1 small #8t>get' worn by ! #8brave' on 8 left arm1 & made ( canes nett$ toge!r & int]wov5 ) cotton #8tw(old1' cov]$ on ! outside ) gild$ bo>ds & ) fea!rs1 & s /rong t a h>d cross-b[ %ot c\ld alone p5etrate !m20#b b 8m]ely ornam5tal %ields 7 also us$ & c>ri$ by w>riors & *iefs on fe/ive occasions only40#c ,accord+ to ! same au?or1 9 ,pre-,columbian times "s ( ! ,pueblo ,indians us$ a ?ick disk ( buffalo-hide z a %ield4 ,on ! ,pla9s1 f ! ,rio ,gr&e to ! ,saskat*ewan1 ! circul> %ield ( buffalo-hide 01 until ! ext9ction ( ! buffalo1 a "p ( ! regalia ( e w>rior4 ,^! %ields usually bore symbolic designs4 ,9 _m cases ! designs 7 pa9t$ ^u ! ra:ide itself1 & protect$ by a bucksk9 cov]2 :ile 9 o!r cases ! designs 7 pa9t$ ^u ! cov]4 ,practically no %ields ( buffalo-hide are to be f\nd 9 ! h&s ( ! surviv+ ,dakota2 b 9 social & religi\s c]emonies1 models or %ield-cov]s ( bucksk9 or clo?1 ^u :i* are pa9t$ ! designs =m]ly plac$ on %ields1 are (t5 us$4 ,= purposes ( /udy ! writ] secur$ su* models ( %ields1 ) explanations ( ! designs & ) o!r %ield-lore1 f p]sons :o =m]ly own$ buffalo-hide %ields4 ,:5 ! enemies ( ! ,dakota 7 arm$ ) native weapons1 ! %ield _h "s value 9 itself1 because few arr[s c\ld get ?r\gh x1 & x 0 ( suffici5t /r5g? to w>d (f a bl[ f a club or an axe2 b ev5 at t "t ! designs & m$ic9e objects ti$ to ! %ield seem to h be5 reg>d$ z ( great] importance ?an ! me*anical prop]ties ( ! %ield itself4 ,x 0 ! p[] repres5t$ by ! design to :i* ! own] ( ! %ield look$ = protection4 ,naturally1 ) ! introduction ( fire-arms1 %ields ceas$ to h a real protective value2 b _! designs 7 /ill look$ ^u z capable ( af=d+ protection aga9/ evil4 ,accord+ to ! /atem5ts ( "s old m5 :o /ill h fai? 9 protective designs1 ! anci5t %ield manife/$ its p[] ^u ! m9d ( ! enemy by influ5c+ !m to %oot at ! %ield r ?an at ! expos$ p>ts ( ! body ( its be>]4 ,b :5 fire-arms 7 introduc$1 exp]i5ce demon/rat$ t ! %ield 0 no long] a desirable object 9 battle1 because ! same influ5ce t drew arr[s to x drew bullets also1 & 9 ?is case ) fatal results4 ,f ?is !y conclud$ t guns repres5t$ a my/ic p[] sup]ior to t ( %ield-designs1 b t ! latt] 7 /ill efficaci\s1 except :]e s ov]p[]$4 ,?is explanation is int]e/+1 because ^! m5 seem to h grasp$ ! idea t ! %ield1 be+ a conspicu\s object1 w\ld attract ! att5tion & ?us ! aim ( ! enemy2 b !y confus$ ?is psy*ological explanation ( ! obs]v$ facts ) a my/ic conception t ! magic p[] ( ! design ^u ! %ield 0 ! cause or =ce t rea*$ out & lay hold ( ! att5tion ( ! enemy4 ,yet ! introduction ( fire-arms did n relegate ! %ield to oblivion2 & %ield-designs are /ill *]i%$ by m5 ( ! old5 "t1 because !y repres5t a k9d ( individual totem or protective p[]4 ,! foll[+ descriptions ( %ield-designs are giv5 ) ! int]pretations ( _! own]s4 ,a %ield-cov] decorat$ ) fea!rs1 be>+ a design us$ by a *ief on c]emonial occasions1 & said by him to be ! copy ( a %ield c>ri$ 9 8 y\?1 is %[n 9 ,plate ,v4 ,! black bord] on top ( ! %ield takes ! =m ( ! new moon1 :i* x repres5ts4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! %ield is a well execut$ draw+ ( an ,indian on horseback4 ,! horse is 9 blue1 ) zigzag black l9es ext5d+ d[n ! legs4 ,! blue color ( ! horse indicates 8 connection ) ! ?und]1 or ! p[]s ( ! sky4 ,! backgr\nd ( ! %ield is 9 yell[1 b ! l[] "p has be5 work$ ov] ) gre54 ,symmetrically arrang$ ar\nd ! m\nt$ figure are f\r circles ( purpli% color1 repres5t+ a ph5om5on obs]v$ 9 ! sky1 :i* seems to h be5 ei!r ! halo ( ! sun1 or ! ph5om5on t passes "u ! "n ( 8sun-dogs40 ,f ! description ( ! own] ( ! %ield1 x appe>s t ^! f\r circles 7 associat$ 9 8 m9d ) ! m$ic9e-hoop4 ,he /at$ t ?is design z a :ole 0 ! repres5tation ( :at he saw 9 a dream2 t ! moon ) its d>k color 0 drawn to repres5t ! night1 because t 0 ! "t :5 he _h ?is exp]i5ce2 & t 9 ! dream he saw a horse & rid] appe> 9 ! sky surr\nd$ by ! f\r circul> objects1 z indicat$ ^u ! %ield4 ,x appe>s f 8 explanation1 t ! association ( ! r+s ) ! m$ic9e-hoop 0 8 own individual int]pretation ( ! significance ( 8 dream4 ,9 ! dream he c\ld see a %ield associat$ ) ^! objects z !y w\ld appe> 9 reality2 b 9 ! design he attempt$ to convey an idea ( :at he saw 9 con=mity ) ! conv5tional modes ( repres5tative art practis$ by 8 tribe4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a 7#ej-bigj74 ,%ield-cov] ) ,design4 ,diamet]1 #db cm4 ,ano!r %ield-cov] 7,fig4 #a7 be>s a bird-design1 repres5t+ to ! own] ! osprey 7874 ,"o half ( ! backgr\nd ( ?is %ield is 9 yell[2 ! o!r half1 9 light gre54#d ,^! two colors repres5t ! appe>ance ( ! sky at sunrise2 ! yell[ correspond+ to ! region ( ! dawn1 & ! gre5 to ! d>k sky above4 ,! f\r />s symmetrically arrang$ are color$ black = ! night1 yell[ = ! dawn1 blue = ! ev5+1 & r$ = ! day2 or 9 o!r words ! :ole circle is repres5t$4 ,! design ( ! bird pres5ts "s int]e/+ details4 ,! lightn+-symbols repres5t ! dea?-deal+ p[] conf]r$ ^u ! own] ( su* a %ield-design at ! "t ( 8 dream4 ,! r$ m>ks ^u ! brea/ ( ! bird1 repres5t+ ! national emblem ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 7 int]pret$ by ! own] z symboliz+ su* dea?-deal+ p[] 9 cont5d+ ) soldi]s4 ,! peculi> feature ^u ! tail ( ! bird repres5ts an additional exp]i5ce1 & 0 add$ to ! %ield ab\t ! ye> #ahfg1 aft] a successful engagem5t ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates troops1 9 :i* ! own] ( ! %ield p>ticipat$4 ,accord+ to 8 acc\nt1 ! design on ! tail ( ! bird is ! conv5tional symbol ( ! spid]-web1 b is us$ "h to repres5t an exp]i5ce prec$+ ! above engagem5t4 ,z ! w>-p>ty 7 mov+ =w>d1 !y saw a /range appe>ance 9 ! sky1 :i* took ! =m ( ?is symbol4 ,! sight ( x caus$ ! w>-p>ty to scatt]2 & ! int]pretation plac$ ^u ?is by ! own] 01 t its manife/ation ( sup]natural p[]1 :i* 0 to be convey$ to !m1 w\ld cause _! enemies to scatt] 9 l confusion4 ,dur+ ! confusion into :i* ! p>ty fell1 ! />s mov$ rapidly ?r\gh ! sky & ! lightn+ fla%$ 9 all directions4 ,?is is repres5t$ by ! f\r corn]s ( ! design4 ,at ! top ( ! %ield is a braid ( sweet-grass & a small bucksk9 bag conta9+ m$ic9es ( a suppos$ *>m-value4 ,be=e go+ into battle1 "s ( ?is sweet-grass 0 to be burnt1 & rituali/ic songs p]ta9+ to ! %ield 7 to be sung4 ,?is hav+ be5 done1 ! %ield 0 suppos$ to protect its own] f 8 enemies4 ,eight fea!rs1 arrang$ 9 pairs1 are atta*$ to ! %ield1 & _! quills are pa9t$ to correspond to ! p>ts ( ! backgr\nd to :i* !y are atta*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,%ield-design1 f a ,draw+ by a ,native4 ,!re is "o int]e/+ feature connect$ ) ?is %ield-design1 & t is ! fact t "s ( ! old m5 disapprov$ ( ! own] plac+ ! spid]-web design ^u ! tail ( ! bird1 because x 0 a mix+ ( sup]natural manife/ations4 ,! incid5t connect$ ) ?is design 0 reg>d$ by !m z mo/ extraord9>y1 & z hav+ be5 wor?y ( di/9ct & sep>ate repres5tation4 ,accord+ to ! accept$ modes ( int]pretation1 ?is exp]i5ce %\ld h be5 repres5t$ ^u a new %ield4 ,! specim5 %[n 9 ,plate ,,vi is n a %ield-cov]1 b 0 nev]!less spok5 ( z a %ield2 & ! design ^u x is an old %ield-design4 ,! specim5 is a cape 7made ( cotton7 worn ar\nd ! %\ld]s 9 su* a way t ! design c\ld be se5 ^u ! back ( ! we>]4 ,"h are repres5t$ ! ra9b[1 ! ?und]-bird 7possess+ 9 ?is case *>act]i/ics :i* indicate t x 0 copi$ f ! national emblem ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates71 ! new & full moon1 & ! />s4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! />s 9 ?is case are f\r-po9t$1 simil> to ! design ( ! spid]-web1 & !y are reg>d$ by ! ,indians z an example ( ! old orig9al me?od ( repres5t+ !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,draw+1 by a ,native1 ( a ,%ield-cov]4 ,z a great _m ,indians :o =m]ly own$ %ields d n n[ possess %ield-cov]s1 ! writ] secur$ draw+s made by !m ( _! =m] %ields4 ,su* a sket* is reproduc$ 9 outl9e 7,fig4 #b74 ,9 ! c5tre is a design ( ! spid]-web fill$ 9 ) r$4 ,! gr\nd ( ! %ield is 9 blue1 repres5t+ ! sky4 ,above & bel[ are circul> areas 9 yell[1 repres5t+ cl\ds or heav54 ,lightn+-symbols 9 r$ connect ! yell[ cl\d-symbols ) ! f\r corn]s ( ! spid]-web design4 ,z a f9al sugge/ion relative to ?is int]pretation1 ! in=mant said1 8,! spid] is ! fri5d ( ! ?und]40 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,%ield-design1 f a ,draw+ by a ,native4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! own] secur$ ! %ield-design repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #c is z foll[s4 ,once :5 a w>-p>ty ( :i* he 0 a memb] 7 ab\t to take ! w>-pa?1 x 0 pr$ict$ by an old man t he w\ld be kill$ 9 ! fir/ battle4 ,be=e leav+ ) ! p>ty1 he w5t to an old m$ic9e-man = help1 & ?is man made him a %ield be>+ ! design describ$ bel[4 ,! bird repres5t$ is ! hawk1--fly+ f ! sky1 protect$ by ! ?und] f ! hail/ones t fly ?ick & fa/ ab\t him1--& symbolizes ! mann] 9 :i* ! own] ( ! %ield w pass safely ?r\gh ! hail ( lead f ! enemy4 ,f\r pairs ( hawk-fea!rs are arrang$ symmetrically on ! circumf]5ce ( ! %ield4 ,9 ! %ield-design 9 ,fig4 #d1 we f9d a l>ge circul> area 9 ! c5tre pa9t$ yell[ & ! surr\nd+ portion r$4 ,ar\nd ! circumf]5ce ( ! yell[ portion are black spots1 repres5t+ tufts ( %ort cr[-fea!rs4 ,^u ! orig9al %ield1 across ! top1 !re 0 ti$ ! sk9 ( a weasel1 repres5t$ 9 ! draw+ by a pictograph ( t animal4 ,f\r pairs ( fea!rs are arrang$ symmetrically on ! circumf]5ce ( ?is design4 ,! design repres5t$ by ,fig4 #e is r /rik+1 s9ce an image ( ! spid] is plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! %ield surr\nd$ by a circle ( r$1 ?r\gh :i* ! num]\s r$ l9es radiate to ! circumf]5ce ( ! design4 ,^! r$ l9es repres5t ! web ( ! spid]4 ,"o end ( a /r+ is ti$ to ! m\? ( ! spid]1 ) an eagle-plume at ! o!r end1 pa9t$ yell[4 ,ar\nd ! circumf]5ce ( ! design is a wavy blue l9e1 repres5t+ wat]4 ,! own] ( ?is design receiv$ su* a %ield :5 a "y man1 & /at$ t he nev] und]/ood :y ! m$ic9e-man :o made x = him plac$ ! blue l9e ar\nd x1 & = t reason he c\ld n expla9 its significance4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,spid]-design = a ,%ield1 f a ,draw+ by a ,native4 ,! design repres5t$ 9 ,fig4 #f 0 dream$ ( by ! own] himself1 & 9 ?is dream he 0 pres5t$ ) a %ield be>+ a design simil> to ! sket*4 ,z he 0 almo/ bl9d1 ! sket* is v crude4 ,9 x appe> aga9 ! ?und]-bird1 ! />s1 ! yell[ cl\ds1 ! r$ & blue lightn+1 ! new moon1 & ! be>4 ,x 0 claim$ t ! curv$ d\ble l9e at ! bottom repres5t$ bo? ! moon & ! lightn+2 ! =m] by ! colors1 ! latt] by its =m4 ,ano!r int]e/+ po9t 9 ?is design is ! repres5tation ( an eagle-fea!r ^u ! head ( ! be>4 ,?is is ! conv5tional way ( repres5t+ a sup]natural be> z di/+ui%$ f a real be>4#e ,! own] ( ?is %ield-design claim$1 t1 :ile he did n n[ & _h n = ye>s c>ri$ or kept ab\t him a draw+ ( ! design1 he felt x z a k9d ( magic pres5ce hov]+ ar\nd him1 %ield+ him f h>m4 ,he /at$1 fur!r1 t1 :ile he knew t o!r m5 us$ ! symbols repres5t$ 9 8 %ield-design z ! signs ( p>ticul> p[]s & ideas1 he himself _h no su* int]pretation2 = 9 ! dream he saw no?+ m ?an a %ield be>+ ^! designs1 & receiv$ no in/ruction or in=mation z to _! significance4 ,_! protect+ p[] to him lay 9 ! peculi> sup]natural pres5ce :i* he always felt4 ,! %ield-design 9 ,fig4 #g repres5ts a ?und]/orm4 ,at ! top1 ! cl\ds are repres5t$ 9 blue4 ,bel[ ?is1 fall+ ra9 is repres5t$ by %ort irregul> l9es1 & ! lightn+ & ?und] by zigzag l9es ext5d+ d[nw>d f ! cl\ds on a backgr\nd ( cle> sky4 ,?is design orig9at$ 9 ! same mann] z did ! prec$+2 t is1 a f9i%$ %ield 0 se5 9 a dream4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 ,%ield-design1 f a ,draw+ by ! ,man :o dream$ ( x4 ,fig4 #g4 ,%ield-design repres5t+ a ,?und]/orm1 f a ,draw+ by a ,native4 ,plate ,,vii is ! reproduction ( a model ( a %ield made ( %runk5 bull-hide cov]$ ) bucksk94 ,x 0 collect$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,walk]4 ,! design is some:at simil> to ! prec$+4 ,! upp] "p is pa9t$ 9 blue to repres5t ! cl\ds1 & ! l[] "p 9 blui%-gre5 to repres5t ! sky4 ,9 ! cl\d-area is ! draw+ ( a horse1 symboliz+ a dream-horse 7probably ! ?und]-horse74 ,! ?und]1 or p[]1 is symboliz$ by r$ zigzag l9es ext5d+ d[nw>d f ! cl\d-area4 ,an eagle-fea!r & twelve hawk-fea!rs are ti$ to a small bucksk9 bag ( m$ic9e1 fa/5$ to ! %ield 9 a mann] sugge/+ _! atta*m5t to ! mane ( ! horse4 ,! circumf]5ce ( ! %ield is decorat$ ) small fea!rs1 & f\r pairs ( eagle-fea!rs are also arrang$ symmetrically ar\nd ! circumf]5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h 7#ej-edef74 ,model ( a ,%ield ) ,pictographic ,design4 ,diamet]1 #dg cm4 ,a %ield 7,fig4 #h7 simil> to ! prec$+ repres5ts a vision 9 :i* ! dream] 0 app>5tly support$ by ! ?und]-horse 9 a conte/ ) ! my?ical turtle4 ,a small bag ( m$ic9e & a p5dant eagle-plume are atta*$ to ! %ield1 z 9 ! previ\s case4 ,fea!rs are aga9 arrang$ 9 f\r pairs4 ,?is specim5 0 collect$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,walk]4 ,9 ! ,museum collection f ! ,sauk & ,fox ,indians1 made by ,dr4 ,william ,jones1 is a %ield captur$ f ! ,si\x1 at ! "t ( ! outbreak ( #ahff1 by a ,fox 9 ! employ ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t4 ,! design 0 pa9t$ ^u ! ra:ide1 b is n[ almo/ oblit]at$4 ,fig4 #i is a diagrammatic re/oration4 ,! writ] saw an old buffalo-hide %ield 9 ! possession ( an ,ass9ibo9e1 at ,=t ,belknap1 ,montana4 ,! design 0 pa9t$ ^u buffalo-hide1 & 0 simil> to t 9 ,fig4 #i4 ,he collect$ also f ! ,dakota a numb] ( draw+s repres5t+ milit>y exploits4 ,:ile tw5ty %ields are repres5t$ 9 ^! draw+s1 f\rte5 ( !m be> simple circul> designs1 z %[n 9 ! adjo9+ figure4 ,?is sugge/s t ! old] type ( %ield-decoration made use ( simple circul> designs4 ,?is idea 0 support$ by ! te/imony ( a numb] ( old m5 :o ought to be compet5t to speak ^u ! subject4 ,( c\rse1 !re is no reason :y ! image ( ! ?und]-bird1 s common ^u mod]n %ield-designs1 %\ld n h be5 us$ 9 anci5t times2 & ! writ] wi%es to be und]/ood z express+ ?is z an op9ion bas$ ^u indirect evid5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i 7#ej-cefi74 ,design on ,si\x ,%ield captur$ by a ,fox ,indian4 ,diamet]1 #db cm4 ,^! circul> designs (t5 repres5t$ ! sun1 o!r heav5ly bodies1 or ! sky1 :i* sugge/s t =m]ly ! %ield z a :ole may h be5 consid]$ z a symbol ( ! sun4 ,! survivors ( %ield-us+ days seem$ to h no actual k ( any connection betwe5 ! %ield-=m & ! sun1 b usually express$ x z _! op9ion t x repres5t$ ! sun1 & t ! fea!rs repres5t$ ! sun's rays4 ,?is may h be5 sugge/$ by ! fact t eagle-fea!rs 7 sometimes arrang$ 9 a half-circle to repres5t ! rays ( ! sun1 & t1 fur!rmore1 ! rays ( ! sun 7 sometimes spok5 ( z fea!rs4 ,%ield-designs c\ld orig9ate only 9 dreams & visions1 & 7 pa9t$ by ! p]son exp]i5c+ !m1 :o pray$ & sang ov] 8 "w to give ! %ield p[]4 ,usually b f\r %ields c\ld be made f a s+le dream3 to make a great numb] 0 sacrilege4 ,among ! ,blackfoot1 ! %ield 0 (t5 accompani$ by a ritual compos$ ( songs & pray]s2 & !y possess$ a few %ields ) su* important rituals t !y 7 di/+ui%$ f ! o!rs z 8m$ic9e-%ields40 ,!re seems to h be5 a simil> condition among ! ,dakota1 = x 0 (t5 said t m$ic9e-%ields 7 hung outside ! tepees1 ^u tripods1 & t dur+ ! day !y 7 *ang$ f "t to "t s z to keep !m fac+ ! sun4 ,?is practice 0 obs]v$ by a numb] ( ,pla9s tribes4 ,h[ev]1 among ! ,dakota ! tripod (t5 gave place to a s+le pole4 ----- #b ,b&eli] 7,reports ( ! ,peabody ,museum1 ,vol4 ,,ii1 p4 #aji74 #c ,b&eli]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ajh4 #d ,9 ! draw+s1 colors are indicat$ by ! foll[+ devices3 r$1 by horizontal %ad+2 yell[1 by v]tical %ad+2 gre51 by left oblique %ad+2 blue or purple1 by "r oblique %ad+4 ,black & :ite h _! conv5tional qualities4 ,! draw+s 7 made by ,miss ,r4 ,b4 ,h[e4 #e ,= an illu/ration see ,catl91 ,nor? ,am]ican ,indians 7#g? ed41 #ahdh71 ,plate #ajb4 ,,gho/-,,dance ,,designs4 ,ab\t ! ye> #ahij a religi\s movem5t1 g5]ally kn[n z ! 8gho/-dance religion10 infect$ ! ,pla9s ,indians4 ,! *ief feature ( ?is religion 0 ! belief 9 a spe$y return ( ! old "t1 ! buffalo1 & ! ext]m9ation ( ! :ite race4 ,! diff]5t tribes _h v>i\s ideas ( _! duties ) respect to ?is new fai?1 &1 ) ! exception ( ! ,dakota1 !y did n manife/ direct ho/ility to ! :ite race4 ,?is w>like p1 h[ev]1 7 already greatly dissatisfi$ ) ! treatm5t !y receiv$ f ! ,gov]nm5t & ) ! difficult conditions "u :i* !y liv$4 ,9 consequ5ce1 !y receiv$ ! gho/-dance religion z a h]ald ( ! good "t :i*1 to _! m9ds1 0 to be secur$ only by w> ) ! :ite race4 ,:ile a great _m ( ! conditions 9 ! imm$iate environm5t ( ! ,dakota h be5 giv5 by v>i\s writ]s z causes = ! outbreak1 ! fact t ^! ,indians int]pret$ ! new religion z ! manife/ation ( a w>like _s 0 probably due to ! fact t !y 7 at he>t a w>like p4 ,_! ideas /ill run t[>d milit>y ?+s4 ,z ! ess5tial idea ( ! gho/-dance religion 0 a return ( ! old "t1 ! c]emonies p]ta9+ !reto made use ( ! typical objects & ideas ( ! pa/4 ,9 ?is1 ( c\rse1 !y 7 n entirely consi/5t1 s9ce !y did n disc>d ! use ( fire-arms1 & did n actually resurrect b[s1 arr[s1 & %ields4 ,yet1 z a sub/itute = ! protective p[] ( ! %ield1 !y introduc$ g>m5ts be>+ protective designs4 ,^! g>m5ts are g5]ally kn[n "u ! "n ( 8gho/-%irts10 & at ! "t ( ! outbreak 7 spok5 ( by :ite p z 8bullet-pro( %irts40 ,! foll[+ are descriptions ( ^! g>m5ts by eye-witnesses at ! "t ( _! fir/ appe>ance3-- 8,all ! m5 & wom5 made holy %irts & dresses !y we> 9 dance4 ,! p]sons dropp$ 9 dance w\ld all lie 9 great du/ ! danc+ make4 ,!y pa9t ! :ite musl9s !y made holy dresses & %irts out ( ) blue across ! back1 & alongside ( ?is is a l9e ( yell[ pa9t4 ,!y also pa9t 9 ! front "p ( ! %irts & dresses4 ,a picture ( an eagle is made on ! back ( all ! %irts & dresses4 ,on ! %\ld]s & on ! sleeves !y ti$ eagle-fea!rs4 ,!y said t ! bullets w n g ?r\gh ^! %irts & dresses1 s !y all h ^! dresses = w>4 ,_! enemies' weapon w n g ?r\gh ^! dresses4 ,! gho/-danc]s all h to we> eagle-fea!r on head40#f 8,i ?9k !y wore ! gho/-%irt or gho/-dress = ! fir/ "t t day4 ,i notic$ t ^! 7 all new1 & 7 worn by ab\t sev5ty m5 & =ty wom54 ,! wife ( a man call$ ,return-f-sc\t _h se5 9 a vision t h] fri5ds all wore a simil> robe1 & on reviv+ f h] trance %e call$ ! wom5 toge!r1 & !y made a great numb] ( ! sacr$ g>m5ts4 ,!y 7 ( :ite cotton clo?4 ,! wom5's dress 0 cut l _! ord9>y dress1 a loose robe ) wide1 fl[+ sleeves1 pa9t$ blue 9 ! neck1 9 ! %ape ( a ?ree-corn]$ h&k]*ief1 ) moon1 />s1 birds1 etc41 int]sp]s$ ) real fea!rs1 pa9t$ on ! wai/ & sleeves4 8,! gho/-%irt = ! m5 0 made ( ! same mat]ial--%irts & legg+s pa9t$ 9 r$4 ,"s ( ! legg+s 7 pa9t$ 9 /ripes runn+ up & d[n1 o!rs runn+ ar\nd4 ,! %irt 0 pa9t$ blue ar\nd ! neck1 & ! :ole g>m5t 0 fanta/ically spr9kl$ ) figures ( birds1 b[s & arr[s1 sun1 moon1 & />s1 & ev]y?+ !y saw 9 nature4 ,d[n ! outside ( ! sleeve 7 r[s ( fea!rs ti$ by ! quill-ends & left to fly 9 ! breeze1 & also a r[ ar\nd ! neck & up & d[n outside ( ! legg+s4 ,i notic$ t a numb] _h /uff$ birds1 squirrel-heads1 etc41 ti$ 9 _! long hair4 ,! faces ( all 7 pa9t$ r$ ) a black half-moon on ! =ehead or on "o *eek40#g ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj 7#ej-cjec74 ,front ( a ,gho/-dance ,g>m5t4 ,l5g?1 #abf cm4 ,z is not$ by ! above1 designs on ^! g>m5ts 7 made by individuals :o _h dreams or o!r unusual exp]i5ces simil> to ^? ( ! m$ic9e-m52 & x w\ld seem f ?is acc\nt t ! designs & objects us$ 9 ! dance 7 9 e way simil> to ^? employ$ be=e ! gho/-dance religion appe>$4 ,! writ] made ! acqua9tance ( sev]al individuals :o _h prep>$ su* g>m5ts at ! "t ( ! gho/-dance1 & f !m he secur$ reproductions ) explanations z to ! significance ( ! designs4 ,z "s "t _h elaps$ s9ce ! gho/-dance religion 0 at ! height ( its popul>ity1 x is possible t ! m special features belong+ to x 7 =gott5 by ^! m51 & t !y work$ into ! reproduc$ g>m5ts old] & m cons]vative ideas4 ,h[ev]1 ! writ] is ( ! op9ion1 & he took special pa9s to inve/igate z be/ he c\ld1 t :atev] may h be5 lo/ 9 ?is way made no important *anges 9 ei!r ! objective "* ( ! designs or 9 ! ideas express$ by !m4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! gho/-dance 9 "s ( its mild] =ms is /ill obs]v$4 ,"s g>m5ts secur$ by ! writ] are decorat$ on bo? front & back ) designs *iefly pictographic4 ,on ! front ( "o 7,fig4 #aj7 is a l>ge triangul> space ext5d+ d[nw>d f ! %\ld]s 7"o half ( :i* is 9 r$ & ! o!r half 9 blue71 ?ickly dott$ ov] ) :ite spots repres5t+ hail/ones4 ,! r$ repres5ts ! morn+2 & ! blue1 ! night4 ,ext5d+ across f side to side is a l>ge ar*$ figure made up ( r$1 yell[1 :ite1 & gre5 b&s1 repres5t+ ! ra9b[4 ,above ?is are two f\r-po9t$ />s1 ! r$ = ! morn+ /> & ! black = ! />s se5 9 ! night4 ,!re is a l>ge gre5 /> ) eight po9ts on ! divid+-l9e betwe5 day & night1 conc]n+ :i* ,i secur$ no satisfactory explanation4 ,at ! apex ( ! triangul> space are small dots ( yell[1 repres5t+ ! dawn2 & ! sun is plac$ on ea* side ( ! division betwe5 day & night4 ,! new moon is repres5t$ by a black cresc5t4 ,on ! morn+-side ( ?is design is ! picture ( a butt]fly2 :ile on ! night-side1 ext5d+ ov] into ! morn+1 is a picture ( a peculi> figure1 :i* ! arti/ reg>d$ z a _s-bird or man-bird1 z he express$ x1 ) ! m$ic9e-hoop 9 8 h&4 ,! o!r portion ( ! dress is cov]$ ov] ) small dots 9 v>i\s colors1 repres5t+ bullets4 ,!re are also pictures ( butt]flies1 />s1 & buffalo-tracks4 ,on "o side are two p>allel wavy r$ l9es1 & on ! o!r two 9 gre51 repres5t+ ! lightn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa 7#ej-cjec74 ,back ( ,g>m5t %[n 9 ,fig4 #aj4 ,on ! o!r side ( ?is g>m5t1 or ! back 7,fig4 #aa71 is ! repres5tation ( a bird1 :i* seems to be my?ical r ?an reali/ic4 ,! backgr\nd ^u :i* ! figure re/s is dott$ to repres5t bullets or hail1 z bo? h ! same significance4 ,! l[] "p ( ! g>m5t is ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,"h we h f\r buffalo-tracks arrang$ 9 rectangul> relation to repres5t buffalo1 & a circle or m$ic9e-hoop 7half ( :i* is r$ & half gre57 ) ext5d+ l9es ( ! same colors1 repres5t+ ! ?und]1 or its p[]4 ,! idea ( ?is association ( ! hoop1 or1 z x is sometimes spok5 (1 ! mirror1 is t ?is buffalo escapes bullets1 or p]haps is immortal4 ,bel[ ! sign ( ! buffalo is a f\r-po9t$ figure1 usually kn[n z ! spid]-web design1 repres5t+ ! heav5s2 & bel[ ?is is ! ra9b[4 ,two swall[s are repres5t$ connect$ to ! po9ts 9 ! spid]-web design by l9es1 indicat+ t !y enjoy ! protection ( ?is p[]1 mak+ !m difficult to hit ) bullets or o!r missiles4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab 7#ej-cjed74 ,designs on ! ,front ( ,gho/-dance ,g>m5t4 ,l5g?1 #abh cm4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac 7#ej-cjed74 ,designs on ! ,back ( ,g>m5t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ab4 ,on ano!r g>m5t 7,fig4 #ab71 ! triangul> area at ! top is entirely 9 r$1 cov]$ ) :ite spots repres5t+ hail1 & bord]$ ) wavy l9es repres5t+ ! ra9b[4 ,?is repres5ts ! ra9b[ 9 ! sky4 ,! d>k cresc5t repres5ts ! moon4 ,bel[ is a l>ge f\r-po9t$ /> 9 black1 repres5t+ ! night1 ) a l9e ext5d+ ov] ea* side1 repres5t+ ! cl\ds4 ,! small disk 9 r$ repres5ts a bullet2 & ! small gre5 cresc5t1 ! moon4 ,bel[ ^! is ! spid]-web design1 repres5t+ ! heav5s1 ov] ! f\r corn]s ( :i* ! lightn+ appe>s2 b 9 ?is case ! design is cov]$ ) dots repres5t+ ! fall+ ( ! />s4 ,ne> ?is design we f9d ! butt]fly & ! buffalo-tracks4 ,! rema9+ space on ! :ole g>m5t is cov]$ ) pat*es ( color1 repres5t+ ! hail4 ,on ! opposite side 7,fig4 #ac7 are peculi> triangul> designs1 ! backgr\nd ( :i* is 9 r$ bord]$ by /raight l9es1 sugge/+ ! ra9b[2 :ile on ! r$ backgr\nd are plac$ ! design ( ! moon & two circles 9 su* relation z to sugge/ a face4 ,?is design 0 spok5 ( z ! 8moon-face20 b ?is seems to h be5 an aft]-int]pretation1 s9ce ! arti/ wi%$ to repres5t ! m$ic9e-hoop or mirror 9 ! sky4 ,x seems likely t ?is is simply an adaptation ( a head-dress us$ 9 ! elk c]emony4 ,bel[ ?is we h a comb9ation :i* appe>s to be ! spid]-web design comb9$ ) ! figure ( a bird1 :i* is said to be ! dream-figure1 repres5t+ ! bird se5 on a tree4 ,bel[ ?is we h ! moon1 ra9b[1 tracks ( ! buffalo1 />s1 butt]fly1 & a m\nt$ w>rior rid+ ?r\gh ! hail4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad 7#ej-cjee74 ,front ( a ,gho/-dance ,g>m5t be>+ ,dragon-fly ,design4 ,l5g?1 #abe cm4 ,9 ,fig4 #ad1 ! triangul> space at ! top is simil> to t on ! prec$+ g>m5t1 & ne$ n be describ$ "h4 ,! body ( ! dress is cov]$ ) dragon-flies z !y appe> :5 fly+ ov] wat]4 ,! />s repres5t reflections 9 ! wat]2 & ! da%es ( color1 ! hail4 ,! wavy gre5 l9es ext5d+ d[n ! full l5g? ( ! g>m5t repres5t ! lightn+4 ,9 ?is case ! r$ at ! top is spok5 ( z ! ?und]-cl\d4 ,on ! opposite side 7,fig4 #ae71 ! triangul> area ) its tail-l ext5sion repres5ts ! rattlesnake4 ,9 addition we h tracks ( ! buffalo dragon-fly1 & butt]fly1 all associat$ z 9 nature4 ,^u ! sides ( ?is g>m5t are ! designs ( ! liz>d1 swall[1 & turtle4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae 7#ej-cjee74 ,back ( ,g>m5t %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad4 ,! above detail$ /atem5ts conc]n+ ! designs & _! import d n convey _! full significance z x 0 br\ght out 9 discussions betwe5 ! writ] & ! m5 :o made ^! g>m5ts4 ,9 ! fir/ place we f9d on !m symbols to be describ$ 9 ano!r section ( ?is pap]2 namely1 ! spid]-web designs & ! m$ic9e-hoop4 ,x w be se5 t 9 mo/ cases ! liv+ creatures repres5t$ are ^? t seem to h p[] to escape ! hail/ones1 because1 z !y say1 no matt] h[ sev]e ! hail/orm may be1 no "o obs]ves _! dead or maim$ ^u ! gr\nd3 !re=e !y assume t ^! creatures possess "s extraord9>y p[]1 or receive ! att5tion ( "s protective p[]4 ,! bird repres5t$ does n seem to be ! ?und]-bird1 z is usually ! case 9 ,dakota art1 b su* species1 usually birds ( prey1 z so> above ! de/ructive range ( ! hail4 ,! liz>d & ! turtle are spok5 ( z animals ( great p[]1 s9ce !y are kill$ ) great difficulty1 f :i* x foll[s t !y also enjoy ! protection ( "s p[]4 ,?is we may g5]alize by say+ t ! ,indian plac$ ^u ^! g>m5ts repres5tations ( liv+ creatures t1 accord+ to 8 obs]vation & exp]i5ce1 7 seldom hit by missiles1 or t possess$ great vitality1 mak+ x difficult to kill !m4 ,plac$ on ! g>m5ts1 !y express a pray]1 a hope1 or an actual realization1 on ! "p ( ! we>]1 ( ! protective p[] by :i* ^! creatures are enabl$ to survive4 ,! triangul> designs at ! top ( ^! g>m5ts 7 spok5 ( z %ields1 ! idea be+ t !y 7 9 "s measure %ield-designs1 & p]=m$ ! same function z did ^? ^u %ields 9 =m] times4 ,mr4 ,mooney expresses ! op9ion t ! protective designs on g>m5ts us$ 9 ! gho/-dance religion 7 n aborig9al ) ! ,indian4 8,! protective idea 9 connection ) ! gho/-%irt does n seem to be aborig9al4 ,! ,indian w>rior habitually w5t into battle nak$ above ! wai/4 ,8 protect+ #8m$ic9e' 0 a fea!r1 a t9y bag ( "s sacr$ p[d]1 ! claw ( an animal1 ! head ( a bird1 or "s o!r small object :i* c\ld be readily twi/$ into 8 hair or hidd5 betwe5 ! cov]s ( 8 %ield1 )\t attract+ att5tion4 ,its virtue dep5d$ entirely on ! c]emony ( ! consecration1 & n on size or texture4 ,! w>-pa9t _h ! same magic p[] ( protection4 ,to cov] ! body 9 battle 0 n 9 accordance ) ,indian usage1 :i* dem&$ t ! w>rior %\ld be z free & un9cumb]$ 9 movem5t z possible4 ,! s-call$ #8w>-%irt' 0 worn *iefly 9 c]emonial dress-p>ades1 & only r>ely on ! w>-pa?40#h ,?is /atem5t1 h[ev]1 sugge/s t ,mr4 ,mooney bas$ 8 op9ion ^u objective evid5ce1 :ile ! op9ion express$ by ! writ] is bas$ ^u subjective evid5ce4 ,a comp>ison ( ! int]pretations ( %ield-designs & gho/-dress designs seems to leave little opportunity = any o!r conclusion ?an t ! protective designs us$ 9 ! gho/-dance 7 ess5tially ! same z ^? us$ 9 =m] times ^u %ields & o!r objects4 ,! g>m5ts may be =eign2 b ! idea ( protective designs is mo/ c]ta9ly n peculi> to ! gho/-dance religion1 s9ce x 0 widely di/ribut$ among ,am]ican tribes1 & associat$ ) c]emonial objects t 7 9 use at lea/ a c5tury be=e ! gho/-dance religion appe>$4 ,if ! writ] _h no o!r in=mation at h& ?an t furni%$ by ,mr4 ,mooney 9 8 compreh5sive /udy ( ! gho/-dance religion1 he w\ld be incl9$ to reg>d ! :ole z ! manife/ation ( aborig9al religi\s ideas 9 response to a s+le =eign conception2 namely1 t ( ! com+ ( a messiah & ! de/ruction ( ! pres5t ord] ( ! _w4 ,! way 9 :i* ! gho/-dance c]emonies 7 p]=m$1 ! ideas express$ 9 ! songs1 ! ?+s ! prie/s dream$ (1 & ! objects us$ 9 ! c]emonies1 are s *>act]i/ically ,indian1 t no o!r int]pretation seems possible4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! pres5t connection we are conc]n$ ) ^! designs z types ( ! univ]sal primitive expression ( belief 9 ! pres5ce ( a guid+ p]sonal ag5cy t looks into ! affairs ( m54 ----- #f ,george ,sword1 on ,gho/-dance ,religion 7,f\rte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 p4 #gih74 #g ,mrs4 ,z4 ,a4 ,p>k] 7,f\rte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 p4 #iaf74 #h ,mooney 7,f\rte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 p4 #gij74 ,,! ,,hoop4 ,! circle1 or m prop]ly ! hoop1 is a v important religi\s symbol among ! ,dakota4 ,"o =m ( x appe>s 9 ! great hoop-game describ$ by ,l\is ,meek]1#i & lat] by ,dr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,walk]4#aj ,?is hoop is usually ab\t two feet 9 diamet]1 & not*$ s z to divide ! circumf]5ce into quadrants4 ,:ile ?is hoop-game seems to be a true gambl+ game1 x c\ld be & 0 sometimes play$ z "p ( a rituali/ic c]emony ! object ( :i* 0 to br+ ! buffalo4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ?is l>ge hoop is simil> to ! sacr$ :eel us$ by ! ,arapaho 9 ! sun-dance4 ,at ! "t ( ! gho/-dance outbreak among ! ,dakota ( ,p9e ,ridge ,res]vation1 ,mr4 ,mooney saw ! hoop & ! two pairs ( /icks us$ ) x c>ri$ 9 ! c]emonies connect$ ) ! gho/-dance religion4 ,he /ates3-- 8,x is said t ! m$ic9e-man ( ,big ,foot's b& c>ri$ su* a hoop ) him 9 _! flight f ! nor?1 & display$ x 9 e dance held by ! b& until ! fatal day ( ,w\nd$ ,knee4 ,a simil> hoop 0 c>ri$ & hung ^u ! c5tre tree at ! dance at ,no ,wat]'s camp ne> ,p9e ,ridge4 ,to ! ,indian x symbolizes ! revival ( ! old-"t games40#aa ,! la/ l9e ( ! above quotation implies t ! hoop 0 a "p ( ! p>aph]nalia us$ 9 ! gho/-dance c]emonies1 because x symboliz$ ! anci5t games4 ,on ano!r page ( ! same article occurs ! foll[+3-- 8,z x 0 ! favorite game ) ! m5 9 ! old5 times1 a great _m ( ! songs f\nd$ on ^! trance visions ref] to x1 & ! :eel & /icks are made by ! dream]1 & c>ri$ 9 ! dance z !y s+40#ab ,x %\ld be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ! game 0 =m]ly play$ to re/ore ! buffalo :5 !y 7 tempor>ily abs5t f _! range2 &1 z "o ( ! great objects ( ! gho/-dance religion 0 ! return ( ! buffalo z 9 ! old5 times1 ! reason = ! use ( ! hoop 9 ! c]emonies describ$ by ,mooney is app>5t4 ,9 ,mooney's acc\nt1 a numb] ( songs p]ta9+ to ! hoop-game are giv5 z sung by ! v>i\s tribes practis+ ! gho/-dance religion4 ,among ^! is a ,dakota v]sion1 z foll[s3-- 8,! holy 7hoop7 %all run1 8,come & see x1 ,! holy 7hoop7 %all run1 ,come & see x1 ,! swift hoop %all run1 ,says ! fa!r1 ,! swift hoop %all run40 ,says ! fa!r40#ac ,a my?ical acc\nt ( ! hoop-game is giv5 by ,dr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,walk]1 :i* indicates "o ( ! probable conceptions ^u :i* ?is religi\s use ( ! hoop re/s4#ad ,! hoop-symbol occurs 9 graphic =m1 sometimes ^u g>m5ts4 ,! writ] secur$ a %irt t 0 us$ by "o ( ! lead]s 9 gho/-dances2 & :i* seems to h be5 a type ( ! s-call$ 8bullet-pro( %irt40 ,?is g>m5t is daub$ ) r$ ab\t ! neck & on ! %\ld]s1 b 9 addition be>s f\r circul> designs1 also 9 r$1 ) l>ge dots at _! c5tres 7,fig4 #af74 ,"o ( ^! designs is plac$ ^u ! "r brea/2 ano!r1 directly opposite1 ^u ! back ( ! g>m5t2 "o ^u ! "r %\ld]2 & "o ^u ! left4 ,^! are s arrang$1 t1 no matt] f :at po9t y see ! we>]1 "o ( ! circul> designs w be visible4 ,^! designs 7 recogniz$ z symbols ( ! m$ic9e-hoop1 & 7 suppos$ to h ! p[] to protect ! we>] f all h>m4 ,! idea ( plac+ ! designs s t "o ( !m %\ld always be betwe5 ! we>] & ! s\rce ( dang] may be orig9al ) ! own] ( ?is %irt2 b ! numb] ( !m 7f\r71 & _! arrangem5t accord+ to ! f\r directions1 correspond to ! common explanation ( religi\s symbols4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af 7#ej-bifd74 ,circul> ,design ^u a ,%irt4 ,diamet]1 #aa cm4 ,meek] describes#ae a :eel-%ap$ hoop-ornam5t consi/+ ( a r+ enclos+ f\r spokes at "r angles to ea* o!r4 ,accord+ to 8 acc\nt1 ?is is a symbol associat$ ) ! hoop-game2 b simil> specim5s 7 se5 by ! writ] ^u ! heads ( ,dakota m51 :o expla9$ t ^! 7 symbols ( ! m$ic9e-:eel or m$ic9e-hoop1 & did n ref] to ! hoop-game4 ,!y 7 worn because !y 7 reg>d$ z symbols ( ! p[] t c\ld protect ! we>] f arr[s1 bullets1 or o!r dang]s4 ,z is sugge/$ by ! above1 ! game-hoop is di/+ui%$ f ! m$ic9e-hoop z us$ 9 c]emonies4 ,a m$ic9e-hoop seems to h be5 us$ by all divisions ( ! ,dakota1 &1 accord+ to ! descriptions receiv$ by ! writ]1 to h be5 ( sev]al =ms4 ,9 c]ta9 c]emonies :]e ! elk play$ an important "p1 a hoop or r+ 0 =m$ by tw9+ toge!r fre% twigs & leaves ( ! will[4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ?is hoop1 a small mirror 0 held by f\r cords arrang$ at "r angles1 & repres5t+ ! f\r directions4 ,a draw+ ( an elk-danc] by a native is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ag4 ,! pa9t$ c5tre = ! circul> designs on a %irt 7,fig4 #af7 describ$ above1 z well z ! small :eel-%ap$ head-ornam5t1 7 said to repres5t a hoop ( ?is type4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,sket*1 by a ,native1 ( an ,elk-my/]y ,danc] c>ry+ a ,hoop ) a ,mirror 9 ! ,c5tre4 ,draw+ collect$ by ,r4 ,cronau4 ,! connection ( ?is hoop ) ! idea ( protection is well illu/rat$ 9 ! manufacture ( "o k9d ( r$ pa9t4 ,x is produc$ by burn+ a k9d ( yell[ clay1 f\nd ne> ! ,black ,hills1 until x takes on ! r$ color4 ,! pa9t1 h[ev]1 is giv5 its protective p[] by c]ta9 c]emonies p]=m$ z x is made4 ,9 ! p>ticul> c]emony obs]v$ by ! writ]1 ! yell[ e>? 0 p\nd$ f9e1 & mix$ ) wat] until x became a /iff pa/e4 ,?is 0 !n made into a flat disk ab\t half an in* ?ick & f f\r to six in*es 9 diamet]1 aft] :i* a hole or depression 0 made 9 ! c5tre4 ,! purpose ( ?is1 z expla9$1 0 to give x ! =m ( a m$ic9e-hoop1 ! hole 9 ! c5tre correspond+ to ! place occupi$ by ! mirror 9 ! =m ( hoop j describ$4 ,?is disk 0 !n burn$ 9 ! fire until r$1 aft] :i* x 0 p\nd$ on a /one until f9e en\gh = use4 ,! c]emony 9 prep>+ ! pa9t consi/$ ( rituali/ic songs & pray]s1 :i* rea*$ _! climax z ! disk ( clay 0 =m$ & p]=at$4 ,! burn+ & ! subsequ5t prep>ation 7 n reg>d$ z p>ts ( ! c]emony4 ,! idea1 z express$1 0 to connect ! pa9t ) ! p[] repres5t$ by ! hoop1 s t :5 a w>rior rubb$ "s ( x ^u 8 body1 he came at once "u ! protection ( ?is p[]4 ,ano!r idea seems to be connect$ ) ! conception ( ! m$ic9e-hoop1 & t is ! appe>ance ( c]ta9 my?ical animals ) op5+s ?r\gh _! bodies :]e _! he>ts %\ld be4 ,! conception seems to be1 t an animal )\t a he>t is immortal & sup]natural3 at lea/1 ?is is ! way 9 :i* ! my?ical elk 0 describ$4 ,accord+ to ! belief1 !re is a connection betwe5 ?is op5+ ?r\gh ! he>t & ! c5tre ( ! m$ic9e-hoop1 repres5t$ 9 ! elk c]emonies by ! mirror2 b x is ! op9ion ( ! writ] t ?is is an error on ! "p ( ! ,indians !mselves 9 associat+ two ?+s t 7 =m]ly di/9ct4#af ,x seems r curi\s t ! mirror %\ld become s closely associat$ ) ! hoop1 & t ! mirror %\ld h appeal$ to !m z a symbol ( almo/ equal importance4 ,! writ] is ( ! op9ion t ! prec$+ cases1 :]e ! mirror & ! hoop are consid]$ z id5tical symbols1 are ! result ( a =m] close association ( ! two 9 c]emonial affairs4 ----- #i ,meek] 7,bullet9 ( ! ,free ,museum ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 ,univ]sity ( ,p5nsylvania1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,no4 #a74 #aj ,walk] 7,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,folk-,lore ,society1 ,octob]-,decemb]1 #aije74 #aa ,mooney 7,f\rte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 p4 #ajge74 #ab ,mooney 7,f\rte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 p4 #iid74 #ac ,mooney 7,f\rte5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,am]ican ,e?nology1 p4 #ajge74 #ad ,walk] 7,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,folk-,lore ,society1 ,octob]-,decemb]1 #aije74 #ae ,meek]1 op4 cit41 p4 #ce4 #af ,9 ! ,report ( ! ,peabody ,museum 7,vol4 ,,iii1 p4 #bhf7 is a description by ,miss ,flet*] ( "s c]emonies 9 :i* ! hoop & ! mirror play$ a "p4 8,! neophyte held "o1 hav+ a circul> mirror1 fa/5$ by f\r cords1 f :i* he ca/ a reflection ( ! sun f "t to "t ^u ! gr\nd1 or held up ! hoop1 & fla%$ ! mirror40 ,! explanation giv5 by ?is au?or ( ! significance ( ! mirror 9 ^! c]emonies diff]s f t secur$ by ! writ]2 b ,miss ,flet*]'s acc\nt seems to ref] to a =m ( c]emony p]ta9+ to ! elk rites n m5tion$ 9 8 notes4 ,,! ,,:irlw9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah 7#ej-bjie74 ,engrav$ ,metal ,cross4 ,collect$ by ,r4 ,cronau4 ,l5g?1 #bc cm4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai 7#ej-bhih74 ,engrav$ ,bone ,object4 ,collect$ by ,r4 ,cronau4 ,l5g?1 #bd cm4 ,9 ano!r place ! writ] has describ$ ! conception ( ! p[] ( ! :irlw9d among "s ( ! ,dakota1 b wi%es at ?is "t to ref] to x aga9 because ( its relation to _! sy/em ( protective designs4#ag ,z /at$ 9 ! =m] publication1 !re seems to be 9 ! m9ds ( "s ( ! ,dakota an association betwe5 ! ph5om5on ( ! :irlw9d & ^? m5tal /ates g5]ally kn[n z 8confusion ( m9d40 ,"s ( !m believ$ & /ill believe t ! p[] 9 ! :irlw9d c be invok$ to confuse ! m9d ( an enemy4 ,9 common ) _m o!r ,am]ican tribes1 ! ,dakota believe ! :irlw9d to be associat$ ) ! flutt]+ w+s ( a mo?1 b !y also associate ?is ) ! cocoon ( ! same mo?2 & 9 symbolic repres5tation ! design repres5t+ ! p[] ( ! :irlw9d is ( an elongat$ diamond-%ape1 & ref]s to ! cocoon4 ,! protection or aid ( ! :irlw9d 0 secur$ by pray]s1 & ^! pray]s 7 symboliz$ by ! cocoon worn ^u ! p]son1 by its image 9 /uff$ bucksk91 or by its graphic repres5tation1 sket*$ or pa9t$4 ,! p[] ( ! :irlw9d 0 suppos$ to h be5 associat$ ) ! p[] ( ! spid]-web4 ,z an illu/ration ( ?is1 we f9d engrav$ ^u a ,g]man-silv] cross 7,fig4 #ah7 ! spid]1 & ne> x ?ree repres5tations ( ! :irlw9d cocoon4 ,betwe5 ! spid] & ^! ?ree designs is a zigzag l9e1 imply+ ! my/ic p[] connection ( ! same4 ,aga91 on a =k$ bone object 7,fig4 #ai71 ! use ( :i* is unkn[n1 occur a numb] ( incis$ designs1 among :i* is aga9 :at seems to be ! spid]-web1 ! tracks ( a quadrup$ 7probably ! buffalo71 & f\r designs repres5t+ ! :irlw9d cocoon1 accompani$ 9 ea* case by ano!r design :i* _c be det]m9$1 b :i* resembles ! footpr9ts ( a p]son4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! ,g]man-silv] cross also be>s ! tracks ( ! buffalo1 or "s rum9ant animal1 9 association ) ! spid]4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( direct in=mation1 ! writ] hesitates to (f] any int]pretation ( ! design ^u ^! specim5s1 al?\gh he feels t !y c\ld be int]pret$ ) reasonable c]ta9ty4 ,! design ( ! :irlw9d resembles a fea!r-design1 & no d\bt ! two are (t5 confus$4 ,! diff]5ce seems to be1 t1 :5 repres5t+ ! :irlw9d1 half ( ! design is fill$ ) p>allel or cross+ l9es2 :ile1 :5 repres5t+ fea!rs1 half ( ! design is fill$ 9 ) color 7see ,fig4 #ai74 ,! fea!r-design is m fix$ 9 =m ?an t ( ! :irlw9d4 ,fig4 #bj is a repres5tation ( ! latt]1 f ! h&le ( a club1 :]e x appe>s 9 a s]ies ) ! spid]1 liz>d1 elk1 & turtle4 ,ano!r =m ( ! same design is repeat$ 9 a s]ies on a wood5 popgun 7,fig4 #ba74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj 7#ej-dchj74 ,:irlw9d ,design1 f ! ,h&le ( a ,club4 ,l5g?1 #e cm4 ,fig4 #ba 7#ej-dbdd74 ,:irlw9d ,design1 f a ,popgun4 ,l5g? ( design1 #g4e cm4 ----- #ag ,wissl] 7,! ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,folk-,lore ,society1 ,octob]-,decemb]1 #aije74 ,,! ,,?und]4 ,! ?und] is a v important deity among all ! ,indians ( ! ,pla9s1 & is usually associat$ ) milit>y exploits4 ,:ile ! ,dakota g5]ally reg>d ! ?und] z a bird1 usually symboliz$ by ! eagle1 yet !y sometimes speak ( x z a horse1 a man1 or a dog4 ,! horse always appeal$ to !m z a creature ( my/]i\s orig91 & 9 _m cases 0 assum$ to h be5 giv5 by ! ?und]4 ,9 any ev5t !re is an association 9 _! m9ds betwe5 ! p[] ( a w>-horse & ! ?und]4 ,! ?und] is (t5 repres5t$ by a zigzag or wavy l9e1 usually 9 r$2 b ?is symbol really repres5ts ! p[] ( ! ph5om5on 9 ! ab/ract1 because ! ,indian does h ! conception ( a =ce 9 nature4 ,consequ5tly ?is graphic symbol is also a g5]al sign = ! pres5ce ( my/]i\s sup]natural p[]4 ,! :i/les made f ! leg & w+ bones ( eagles1 & us$ among ! ,pla9s tribes1 are g5]ally employ$ by ! ,dakota to symbolize ! cry ( ! eagle z a repres5tative ( ! ?und]-bird4 ,9 battle1 or sometimes 9 /ress ( great trial1 !y are s\nd$ to call up ! p[] ( ! ?und] to rescue ! un=tunate "o4 ,z a rule1 a zigzag l9e is scrat*$ d[n ! sides ( ^! :i/les4 ,9 ?is connection x is int]e/+ to note ! foll[+3-- 8,be=e daylight ,i set (f ) five ,indians4 4 4 4 ,?is caus$ a halt1 z we 7 surr\nd$ & began to suspect t ! enemy _h plann$ to cut u (f4 ,! ,indians put on _! w>-caps1 utt]+ "s few words :i* ,i c\ld n he> di/9ctly1 & !n began to :i/le ) a small bone in/rum5t :i* !y hung ar\nd _! necks = t purpose40#ah ,?is acc\nt 7#ahjg7 by an acute obs]v] is int]e/+1 because our pres5t k enables u to und]/& ! mutt]$ pray]s & ! use ( ! :i/le4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb 7#ej-cjbc74 ,:i/le1 ( ,bone4 ,l5g?1 #ai cm4 ,! :i/le %[n 9 ,fig4 #bb is int]e/+ because ( ! objects t accompany x4 ,! :i/le is f ! w+-bone ( an eagle1 & ne> ! top is a small bag conta9+ ! m$ic9e ( ! own]4 ,! fea!rs ( ! yell[-w+$ woodpeck] are atta*$ !reto1 because ?is bird is consid]$ z an associate ( ! ?und]-bird1 or at lea/ x holds "s relation to ! ?und]1 s9ce ! ,dakota h obs]v$1 t1 :5 a /orm is approa*+1 ?is bird gives a peculi> %rill call n unlike ! s\nd ( ! :i/le spok5 ( above4 ,?is !y int]pret z speak+ to ! ?und]4 ,consequ5tly1 ! fea!rs ( ?is bird1 :5 atta*$ to ! :i/le1 are suppos$ to put ! individual also 9 a position to speak to ! ?und]4 ,?is bird has a l>ge d>k spot on ! ?roat1 :i* is said to repres5t ! moon & to be fur!r evid5ce ( ! sacr$ "* ( ! bird4 ,?us we h a comb9$ *>m repres5t+ ! woodpeck] & ! eagle1--two birds closely associat$ ) ! ?und]4 ,! c]emony ( (f]+ a fill$ pipe to ! ?und] 0 frequ5tly obs]v$ by ! ,dakota4 ,"o man /at$ t once1 :5 ! camp 0 ?reat5$ by an approa*+ /orm1 he fill$ a l>ge pipe1 w5t to ! top ( a hill1 &1 fac+ ! /orm1 made an (f]+ to ! ?und] by ext5d+ ! /em upw>d1 & pray+1 ) ! result t ! /orm divid$1 & pass$ ar\nd ! camp )\t s]i\s damage to 8 p4 ,9 ! decoration ( pipe-/ems1 a bun* ( horsehair is atta*$ 7usually color$ r$71 & ?is is (t5 spok5 ( z an emblem ( ! ?und]-horse4 ,?is horsehair is to signify ! pres5ce ( ! p[] ( ! ?und]1 z manife/ 9 ! horse1 9 all c]emonies connect$ ) ! pipe4 ,x is wor? :ile not+ t 9 ?is case we h an illu/ration ( a peculi>ity ( religi\s lore1--! indirect symboliz+ ( a p[] by "o ( a s]ies ( objects 9 :i* t p[] is manife/4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates emblem ( ! eagle ) out/ret*$ claws1 hold+ arr[s & ! lightn+1 is reg>d$ by ! ,dakota z an appeal on our "p to ! ?und]-bird2 & /atem5ts to ! contr>y are usually int]pret$ z :ite m5's lies to deceive ! ,indians & to gu>d ! p[]4 ,!re is little d\bt t ! ,dakota mann] ( draw+ ! ?und]-bird has be5 modifi$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates emblem1 & t _! own idea ( 8 p[] has be5 influ5c$ accord+ly4 ----- #ah ,new ,light on ! ,e>ly ,hi/ory ( ! ,great] ,nor?we/1 p4 #dcf4 ,,! ,,spid]4 ,! association betwe5 ! spid]1 ! spid]-web1 & ! ?und]1 is v close--s close1 t x is difficult to und]/& ! conception ( ! p[] ( ! spid] )\t consid]+ ! p[] ( ! ?und]4 ,! spid] is (t5 spok5 ( z ! 8spid]-man40 ,x is also associat$ ) ! my?ical elk4 ,x 0 suppos$ to h great p[]4 ,! obs]v$ fact t a spid] manufactures a web1 & t ?is web is n de/roy$ by bullets or arr[s 7s9ce !y pass ?r\gh x1 leav+ only a hole71 is cit$ by "s individuals z ! basis = ! conception t ! spid] has p[] to protect p f h>m4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! spid] is spok5 ( z a fri5d ( ! ?und]2 & x is a g5]al belief t ! ?und] w nev] h>m ! spid]-web1 or1 :at am\nts to ! same1 t ! spid]-web itself is a protection aga9/ ?und]4 ,z previ\sly /at$1 ! spid]-web is repres5t$ by a peculi> f\r-corn]$ design4 ,?is design is sometimes said to repres5t ! heav5s1 9 :i* case ! f\r po9ts repres5t ! f\r directions1 ! home ( ! w9ds1 ! f\r ?und]s1 etc42 ! sup]natural "* ( ! design be+ indicat$ by lightn+-symbols ext5d+ f ! f\r corn]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bc 7#ej-cjie74 ,design ( a ,spid]-web4 ,9 a prec$+ pap]1#ai ! spid]-web design 0 discuss$ 9 its relation to decorative art1 :]e x 0 not$ t among "s divisions ( ! ,dakota is a belief 9 a d\ble woman1#bj to :om1 among o!r ?+s1 c]ta9 c]emonial uses ( ?is design are attribut$4 ,accord+ to in=mation secur$ by ! writ]1 ?is "* 0 also associat$ ) ! elk c]emonies1 :]e %e 0 (t5 repres5t$ by two wom5 ti$ toge!r by a cord 7ab\t two feet 9 l5g?71 f ! middle ( :i* hung a doll or a ball4 ,wom5 (t5 receive p[] by dream+ ( ?is "*4 ,"s su* wom5 are suppos$ to p]=m a k9d ( c]emony1 some:at secret1 9 :i* a *ild is tak5 out to a lonely place1 :]e a sw+ or hammock-l /ructure is made 9 ! =m ( ! spid]-web design1 support$ by ! f\r corn]s1 & ! *ild is plac$ ^u x4 ,?is is to br+ good =tune to ! *ild4 ,a design ( ! spid]-web might !n be plac$ ^u ! robe ( ! *ild z a symbol ( its hav+ exp]i5c$ ! c]emony 7,fig4 #bc74 ,! m51 h[ev]1 use ?is design = milit>y protection1 9 :i* connection x is n ?\ght ( z be+ associat$ 9 any way ) ! my?ical d\ble woman4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 closely associat$ ) ! m$ic9e-b[4 ,?is 0 a v sacr$ milit>y object ) ! ,dakota1 ( :i* only f\r duplicates c\ld be _h4 ,x consi/$ ( a b[ ( pla9 wood1 ( ! usual l5g?1 to ! end ( :i* 0 atta*$ a spe>-head4 ,fa/5$ to ! b[ 0 a /ick some:at long]1 %>p5$ at "o end1 & decorat$ ) fea!rs & o!r symbolic objects4 ,! purpose ( ! /ick 0 to support ! b[1 s9ce all su* sacr$ objects w\ld lose _! p[] if all[$ to t\* ! gr\nd4 ,! b[ 0 n us$ z a weapon1 b 0 c>ri$ z a /&>d1 because ( its suppos$ magical p[] ov] ! enemy4 ,! figure ( ! dragon-fly 0 usually pa9t$ ^u ! b[ & its support1 z well z dots repres5t+ insects t fly swiftly1 & zigzag l9es repres5t+ ?und]4 ,fea!rs ( ! eagle1 ! magpie1 ! hawk1 &1 9 fact1 ( all birds swift ( w+1 7 likewise atta*$ to x4 ,! association betwe5 ^! insects & birds 0 ! same z t previ\sly not$2 t is1 s9ce !y 7 swift 9 motion1 & difficult to /rike1 !y repres5t$ ! qualities desir$ by ! be>]s ( ! b[4 ,^! b[s h long s9ce pass$ out ( exi/5ce1 b survive 9 models made = comm]cial purposes4 ,! acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( ! m$ic9e-b[ is z foll[s3-- 8,a man dream$ ( ! ?und]1 & aft]w>ds call$ 9 f\r m5 to assi/ him 9 mak+ ! m$ic9e-b[4 ,!y w5t ?r\gh ! prelim9>ies 7! sweat-h\se1 etc471 aft] :i* a special t5t 0 erect$4 ,! gr\nd inside ( ?is t5t1 :]e ! dream] & 8 f\r companions sat1 0 cov]$ ) sage-grass4 ,a "y man 0 call$ 9 to act z _! assi/ant4 ,he 0 s5t out to cut elm /icks4 ,he w5t out sl[ly1 & aft] a "t came back ) ! /icks4 ,!n he 0 s5t out to get toge!r ! fea!rs ( swift fly+ birds1 pieces ( buffalo-hide1 pa9ts1 etc4 ,he w5t ar\nd ! camp1 & begg$ ^! ( ! p4 8,!n ! f\r m5 set to "w mak+ ! /icks "u ! direction ( ! dream]4 ,! dream] gave a b[ to "o ( ! m51 & a piece ( buffalo-hide 9 :i* to wrap ! /icks1 also a wood5 b[l f :i* to eat4 8,aft] a "t1 ! faces ( ! m5 7 pa9t$ r$4 ,:5 ! /icks 7 f9i%$1 f\r m5 came 9 wrapp$ 9 buffalo-robes1 ea* c>ry+ a drum4 ,n[ ! f\r m5 :o _h prep>$ ! /icks 7 ready to receive ! b[1 & ! drumm]s began to drum & s+4 ,!n ! man :o dream$ ab\t ! b[ c>ri$ x outside ( ! lodge1 po9t+ x t[>d ! we/4 ,he 0 foll[$ by ! :ole company1 &1 aft] s++ a song1 !y took a /ep =w>d & po9t$ ! b[ to ! nor?2 ano!r /ep aga91 !n po9t$ to ! ea/2 & !n a /ep =w>d1 po9t+ to ! s\?4 ,!n !y ran t[>d ! we/1 !n t[>d ! ea/1 !n t[>d ! nor?1 & !n t[>d ! s\?4 ,! significance ( ?is is1 t ! ?und] resides 9 ! f\r directions ( ! heav5s1 & also goes 9 all directions1 s t ! c>ry+ ( ! /icks t[>d ! v>i\s po9ts ( ! compass puts !m 9 t\* ) ! ?und]4 ,!n !y w5t back to ! sweat-h\se1 & ! c]emony 0 complete4 8,! man :o owns "o ( ^! b[s mu/ n we> iron on 8 p]son1 he mu/ nev] give 8 food to any "o else aft] eat+ f x himself1 & he mu/ nev] all[ ! b[1 or any "p ( x1 to t\* ! gr\nd40#ba ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bd4 ,sket* ( a ,robe = ! ,m$ic9e-b[ ,own]4 ,drawn by a ,native4 ,! own] ( a m$ic9e-b[ %\ld h a buffalo-robe ) special decorations1 consi/+ ( a spid]-web design ( ! "* previ\sly describ$1 f ! corn]s ( :i* ext5d wavy l9es repres5t+ ! ?und]4 ,sometimes ! picture ( a ?und]-bird 0 drawn above ! spid]-web design1 or a few tail-fea!rs ( ! eagle 7 atta*$ to ! robe4 ,! spid]-web design on ! robe ( an own] ( a m$ic9e-b[ 0 to symbolize ! ?und]1 =1 z /at$ by ! in=mants1 ! spid] is a fri5d ( ! m$ic9e-b[4 ,none ( ^! robes are n[ 9 exi/5ce2 b sket*es 7 made = ! writ]1 "o ( :i* is reproduc$ 9 ,fig4 #bd4 ,! body-pa9t+ = ! m$ic9e-b[ 0 r elaborate4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! :ole body 0 sme>$ ov] ) a br[ni%-r$ pa9t1 repres5t+ ! e>? 9 a buffalo-wall[4 ,!re 7 two ways ( decorat+ ! face4 ,9 "o1 a curv$ l9e 0 drawn1 ext5d+ f ! corn]s ( ! m\? ar\nd ov] ! =ehead1 ! ends ( ! l9es be+ =k$ to repres5t lightn+4 ,wavy l9es1 also ) =k$ ends1 7 drawn d[n ! arms & ! legs4 ,^! l9es 7 9 black or blue4 ,blue b&s 7 pa9t$ ar\nd ! ankles1 arms1 wri/s1 & %\ld]s1 repres5t+ ! p[] ( ! lightn+4 ,^! b&s 7 (t5 cov]$ ) wri/lets & anklets ( rabbit-fur1 because ! rabbit 0 9 "s way associat$ ) ! m$ic9e-b[4 ,9 ! o!r pa9t+1 a cresc5t1 repres5t+ ! moon1 0 plac$ ^u ! =ehead & a l9e drawn f e> to e> across ! bridge ( ! nose4 ,9 ?is =m1 ! body-pa9t+ 0 ! same z 9 ! prec$+1 except t "o ( ! l9es ^u ! leg 0 /raight in/ead ( wavy1 & x 0 said to signify ! desire = ability to ?9k /raight or to possess pres5ce ( m9d1 9 contra/ to ! /ate ( m9d suppos$ to be produc$ by ! p[] ( ! :irlw9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #be 7#ej-bjic74 ,design on a ,metal ,belt-ornam5t4 ,wid?1 #b cm4 ,fig4 #bf 7#ej-cabd74 ,design ( ,spid]-web on a ,/raight ,pipe4 ,l5g?1 #be cm4 ,! spid]-web design has be5 m5tion$ 9 connection ) %ield & o!r designs1 & a retrospect indicates a peculi> graphic resemblance 9 x to ! old] type ( />-designs %[n 9 ,plate ,,vi4 ,! writ] uses ! t]m 8old]0 on ! au?ority ( two ,indians4 ,"s incis$ designs on metal ornam5ts worn by a woman1 ( ! =m %[n 9 ,fig4 #be1 seem to be a comb9ation ( ! old] />-design & t ( ! spid]-web4 ,ano!r design 7,fig4 #bf7 scrat*$ on ! b[l ( a /raight pipe ( r$ /one 0 also said to repres5t ! spid]-web4 ,!re is ano!r design us$ by ! ,dakota 9 c]emonies relat+ to ! buffalo2 b x is rectangul> 9 =m ) project+ corn]s1 & is consid]$ a di/9ct symbol4 ----- #ai ,wissl] 7,bullet9 ( ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,,xvii1 p4 #bdh74 #bj ,dorsey 7,elev5? ,annual ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,e?nology1 p4 #dhj74 #ba ,n>rat$ by an ,ogalala man4 ,,conclusion4 ,! fir/ po9t t appe>s 9 ! consid]ation ( ^! designs & _! int]pretations is ! animi/ic basis ^u :i* !y re/4 ,! ,indian has obs]v$ nature1 & s+l$ out ^? qualities & situations t are n only wond]ful f 8 po9t ( view1 b greatly to be desir$ z means to 8 own ends4 ,he !n proce$s on ! assumption t ^! orig9ate 9 & are due to "s hidd5 ag5cy1 f :i* x foll[s1 t1 if he c put himself 9 ! place ( "o ( ! favor$ liv+ creatures1 he w 9 turn be ! object ^u :i* ?is hidd5 ag5cy w act4 ,if he c be ! bird t rides ! /orm 9 safety1 he w 9 turn ride successfully ! analog\s /orms ( 8 own sph]e1 &1 l ! *ild t 9 its own m9d is ! policeman :5 x ?ru/s a club into its wai/b&1 he feels t he is ! bird call+ to ! ?und] :5 he s\nds ! bone :i/le1 & mutt]s 8 song-pray]4 ,t ?is is true only ( ! great ,indian or ! devotee1 speak+ 9 relative t]ms1 & t ! mass ( ,indian-k9d foll[ 9 bl9d imitation ( ! m s5sitive few1 may be true2 b ! ph5om5a1 = all t1 are none ! less e?nic4 ,"o *>act]i/ic ( ! =ego+ protective designs is1 t !y are usually animal motives to ! almo/ entire exclusion ( plant & inanimate =ms4 ,:ile x is true t ! ph5om5a ( ! heav5s hold a prom95t place 9 ?is art1 su* ph5om5a are (t5 int]pret$ z results ( ! activity ( animal-l be+s1 & consequ5tly are s express$ 9 art4 ,! conditions lead+ to su* a result are d\btless _m & intricate2 b ! t5d5cy to ignore plant-=ms 9 protective conceptions may be due to ! inactive "* ( ! m inanimate _w4 ,in]t ?+s are n easily conceiv$ ( z gu>dians or protectors4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,indian may n see ! logical necessity ( c>ry+ 8 view to ! utmo/ b\nds ( ! univ]se4 ,pots & kettles may h an animi/ic pres5ce )9 !mselves2 b p]haps ?is does n appeal to ! ,indian1 because ! liv+ creatures are s mu* ne>] to him & ! analogy betwe5 _! lives & 8 is n difficult to p]ceive4 ,! my/]y 9 ! animal =ms t come & g1 9 ! /orm1 & 9 ! heav5ly bodies1 rea*es ! m9d unaid$2 b ! plant & m9]al wond]s require a m microscopic eye4 ,t !re 0 a "t :5 ! animals 7 z ! p is ! /rik+ ?\ght 9 _m ,indian my?s1 & ?is indicates a belief 9 ! fundam5tal life-id5tity ( all mov+ creatures4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o int]e/+ sugge/ion 9 ! int]pretation ( protective p[]s4 ,9 all ( ^! conceptions we f9d less appeal = ! direct de/ruction ( enemies ?an = a %ield+ protection to enable ! man himself to be ! de/ructive ag5t4 ,8 pray]s are1 t he may be swift & impossible to hit 9 ord] t he may /rike d[n ! victim4 ,aga91 !re are 9 e "p ( ! prec$+ pap] examples ( ! close association betwe5 p[]s1 or at lea/ p[]-symbols1 t are f _m po9ts ( view incongru\s2 z ! mirror & ! hoop1 ! spid]1 ! ?und]1 & ! elk4 ,!re is 9 ^! a t5d5cy to coalesce into conceptions ( l>g] :oles 9 :i* ! p[] becomes m g5]al1 t5d+ t[>d ! def9ite ab/raction ( a p[]-unit1 or id5tity ( =ces 9 nature4 ,^! l>g] conceptions1 t are really mu* m complex ?an indicat$ 9 ?is brief pap]1 seem to repres5t a gr[?1 or at lea/ an accumulation ( ideas1 on ! "p ( a p :o h n felt ! ne$ ( sy/ematically unify+ !m1 or express+ !m z an objective unit4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?rop4 ,,pap4 ,a4 ,m4 ,n4 ,h4 ,,vol4 ,i1 ,,plate ,v4 ,,model ,,( ,a ,,%ield4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%ield-,,design ,,on ,a ,,cape4 ,,plate ,,vi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,an?rop4 ,,pap4 ,a4 ,m4 ,n4 ,h4 ,,vol4 ,i1 ,,plate ,,vii4 ,,model ,,( ,a ,,%ield4 ,,transcrib] ,,notes ,misspell$ words & pr9t] errors h be5 correct$4 ,punctuation has be5 ma9ta9$4 ,"s illu/rations 7 mov$ to facilitate page lay\t4 ,! end ( ,"s ,protective ,designs ( ! ,dakota1 by ,cl>k ,wissl]4