,,! ,,?ree ,,impo/ors4 ,,translat$ 7,,) ,,notes ,,& ,,illu/rations17 ,,f ,,! ,,fr5* ,,edition ,,( ,,! ,,"w1 ,,publi%$ ,,at ,,am/]dam1 #aggf4 ,,re-,,publi%$ ,,by ,g4 ,,vale1 ,,beacon ,,(fice1 #c ,,frankl9-,,squ>e1 ,,new-,,york3 #ahdf4 ,,note ,,by ,,! ,,am]ican ,,publi%]4 ,we publi% ?is valuable "w1 = ! reasons conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ ,note1 ( :i* we approve3-- ,,note ,,by ,,! ,,briti% ,,publi%]4 ,! foll[+ little book ,i pres5t to ! read] )\t any rem>ks on ! diff]5t op9ions relative to its antiquity2 z ! subject is amply discuss$ 9 ! body ( ! "w1 & con/itutes "o ( its mo/ int]e/+ & attractive features4 ,! ,edition f :i* ! pres5t is translat$ 0 br\ght me f ,p>is by a di/+ui%$ def5d] ( ,civil & ,religi\s ,lib]ty3 & z my fri5d _h an anxiety f a ?or\gh conviction ( its int]e/ & value1 to see x publi%$ 9 ! ,engli% ,language1 ,i h f l feel+s br\ght x be=e ! public2 & ,i am conv9c$ t x is an excell5t antidote to ,sup]/ition & ,intol]ance1 & em95tly calculat$ to promote ! cause ( ,fre$om1 ,ju/ice1 & ,morality4 ,j4 ,,myles4 ,,preface ,,by ,,! ,,translator4 ,! ,translator ( ! foll[+ little treatise deems x necess>y to say a few words z to ! object ( its publication4 ,x is giv5 to ! _w1 nei!r ) a view to advocate ,scepticism1 nor to spread infidelity1 b simply to v9dicate ! "r ( private judgm5t4 ,no human be+ is 9 a position to look into ! he>t1 or to decide correctly z to ! cre$ or conduct ( 8 fell[ mortals2 & ! attributes ( ! ,deity are s f> beyond ! grasp ( limit$ reason1 t man mu/ become a ,god himself be=e he c compreh5d !m4 ,su* be+ ! case1 surely all h>% c5sure ( ea* o!r's op9ions & actions ought to be ab&on$2 & e "o %\ld s tra9 himself z to be enabl$ to decl>e ) ! humane & manly philosoph] ,homo sum1 nihil humania me ali5um puto4 ,dundee1 ,septemb] #ahdd4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,prelim9>y ,,diss]tation4 ,,disquisitions on ! book entitl$ ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors4 ,,answ] to ! diss]tation ( ,m4 de la ,monnoye on ! "w entitl$ ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors4 ,,copy ( ,"p #b;d1 ,vol4 #a41 ,article ix4 ( ,lit]>y ,memoirs1 publi%$ at ! ,hague by ,h5ry du ,sauzet1 #agaf4 ,,disquisitions ,,on ,,! ,,book ,,entitl$ ,,! ,,?ree ,,impo/ors4 ,x has long be5 a disput$ po9t if !re 0 at anytime a book pr9t$ & be>+ ! title ( ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors4 ,m4 de la ,monnoye1 hav+ be5 in=m$ t a le>n$ ,g]man #a int5d$ to publi% a diss]tation ! object ( :i* 0 to prove t ?is "w _h really be5 pr9t$1 wrote a lett]1 9 refutation1 to "o ( 8 fri5ds2 ?is lett] 0 giv5 by ,m4 ,bayle to ,m4 ,basnage de ,bauval1 :o 9 ,febru>y #afid1 gave an extract f x 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ! works ( celebrat$ & le>n$ m54 ,at a lat] p]iod ,m4 de la ,monnoye ent]$ m fully into ! subject1 9 a lett] dat$ at ,p>is #af? ( ,june1 #agab1 & address$ to ,presid5t ,b\hi]1 9 :i* lett]1 he says1 w be f\nd an abridg$ b complete acc\nt ( ?is rem>kable book4 ,he condemns at once ! op9ion ( ^? :o attribute ! "w to ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick4 ,! false *>ge1 he says1 took its rise f a passage 9 ! app5dix to a disc\rse conc]n+ ,anti*ri/1 & publi%$ by ,grotius1 :]e9 he speaks z foll[s #b3 ,f> be x f me to attribute ! book call$ ',! ,?ree ,impo/ors1' ei!r to ! ,pope1 or to ! oppon5ts ( ! ,pope2 long ago ! enemies ( ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa set abroad ! report ( su* a book1 z hav+ be5 writt5 by 8 comm&2 b f t p]iod nobody has se5 x2 = :i* reason ,i consid] x apocryphal4 ,colomiez quotes ?is1 page #bh ( 8 ,hi/orical ,miscellanies2 b he adds t !re are "s blund]s--t x 0 n ,fr$]ick ,i4 7,b>b>ossa17 on :om !y int5d$ to fix ! au?or%ip1 b ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 8 gr&son4 ,?is he says1 is app>5t f ! lett]s ( ,pi]re des ,vignes1 ! secret>y & *ancellor ( ! second ,fr$]ick1 & f ,mat!w ,p>is2 inasmu* z !y record1 t ?is mon>* 0 blam$ = hav+ said t ! _w _h be5 l$ aside by ,?ree ,impo/ors2 b by no means t he _h writt5 a book hav+ su* a title4 ,! ,emp]or d5i$ 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms1 t he ev] made use ( any expression to t effect4 ,he dete/$ ! blasphemy ) :i* !y *>g$ him1 & decl>$ t x 0 an atroci\s calumny2 m %ame to ,lipsius & o!r writ]s :o h condemn$ him )\t suffici5tly look+ into ! evid5ces4 ,av]roes1 ne>ly a c5tury previ\s1 _h je]$ at ! ?ree religions1 say+ #c2 t ! ,jewi% religion 0 a law = *ildr52 ! ,*ri/ian religion a law :i* x 0 impossible to foll[2 & ! ,mahometan religion a law 9 favor ( sw9e4 #d ,s9ce !n1 _m p h writt5 ) great fre$om on ?is same subject4 ,we read 9 ! works ( ,?omas de ,catimpre1 t ,m4 ,simon de ,t\rnay _h said t ,?ree ,s$uc]s--,moses1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ,mahomet1 _h my/ifi$ mank9d ) _! doctr9es4 ,?is is evid5tly ! ,m4 ,simon de ,*urnay1 ( :om ,mat!w ,p>is relates "s o!r improprieties1 & ! same individual :om ,polydore ,virgil /yles de ,turwai1 ! or?ography 9 bo? in/ances hav+ be5 mismanag$4 ,among/ ! manuscripts ( ! ,abbe ,colb]t's libr>y1 obta9$ possession ( by our sov]eign 9 #agcb1 !re is "o numb]$ #bjga1 writt5 by ,alv>o ,pelagius1 a ,spani>d ( ! ,cordelian ord]1 bi%op ( ,salves & ,alg>ve1 & well kn[n on acc\nt ( 8 "w1 ,! ,lam5tation ( ! ,*ur*4 ,he /ates t an individual nam$ ,scotus1 ( ! same ord] z himself & a ,jacob91 0 at t "t a prison] at ,lisbon on a *>ge ( blasphemy4 ,scotus1 x w\ld appe>1 _h said t he consid]$ ,moses1 ,jesus ,*ri/ & ,mahomet z ,?ree ,impo/ors2 = t1 ! fir/ _h deceiv$ ! ,jews2 ! second ! ,*ri/ians2 & ! ?ird ! ,s>ac5s4 #e ,gabriel ,b>lette1 9 8 s]mon ^u ,/4 ,&rew1 alludes to ,porphyry 9 ?is way2 & !re=e ! notion ( ,porphyry is absurd1 :5 he says t !re _h exi/$ ?ree individuals :o _h turn$ ov] ! _w to _! own op9ions2 ! fir/ be+ ,moses among/ ! ,jewi% p--! second ,mahomet1 & ! ?ird ,*ri/4 #f ,a /range *ronologi/ to /amp ! era ( ,*ri/ & ,porphyry aft] t ( ,mahomet6 ,! ,manuscripts ( ! ,vatican1 quot$ by ,odomir ,ra9oldo 9 ! n9ete5? volume ( 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,annals1 m5tion "o ,jeann9 de ,solcia1 a canon at ,b]game1 a doctor ( civil & canon law1 kn[n f a decree ( ,pope ,pius ,,ii41 z ,jav9us de ,solcia4 ,he 0 condemn$ on ! #ad? ,novemb] #adei = hav+ ma9ta9$ ?is impiety--t ,moses1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ,mahomet _h rul$ ! _w at _! pleasure4 ,mundum pro su>em libito voluntatum rexisse4 ,john ,l\is ,vivaldo de ,mondovi1 :o wrote 9 #aejf1 & among/ ^: works !re is a treatise on ,! ,twelve p]secutions ( ! ,*ur* ( ,god1 says1 9 8 *apt] ^u ! six? p]secution1 t !re 7 p :o d>$ to dispute1 :i* ( ! ?ree law-giv]s _h be5 mo/ foll[$1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 ,moses1 or ,mahomet4 #g ,h]man ,ri/wyk1 a ,dut*man1 burn$ at ! ,hague 9 #aeab1 sne]$ at ! ,jewi% & ,*ri/ian religions4 ,he does n speak ( ! ,mahometan cre$2 b a man :o c\ld reg>d ,moses & ,jesus ,*ri/ z impo/ors1 c\ld ent]ta9 no bett] op9ion ( ,mahomet4 ,n[ we mu/ turn to an au?or1 "n unkn[n1 b accus$ ( blasphemy aga9/ ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,! *>ge 0 f\nd$ ^u "s pap]s discov]$ at ,g5eva 9 #aedg1 among/ ! docum5ts belong+ to ,m4 ,gruet4 ,an ,italian1 nam$ ,fau/o da ,longiano1 _h begun a "w :i* he entitl$ ,! ,temple ( ,tru?1 9 :i* he und]takes no less ?an to ov]turn all religions4 ,i h1 he says1 begun ano!r "w entitl$ ',! ,temple ( ,tru?4' ,x is probable t ,i may divide x into ?irty books4 ,9 ?is "w w be f\nd ! ext9ction ( all sects--,jews1 ,*ri/ian1 ,mahometan1 & o!r sup]/itions2 & matt]s w be br\ght back to _! fir/ pr9ciples4 ,n[1 among/ ! lett]s ( ,aret9o address$ to ,fau/o1 !re is n "o to be met ) :i* alludes 9 any way :atev] to ?is "w4 ,p]haps x _h nev] be5 writt51 & al?\gh x _h be5 publi%$1 x mu/ h be5 a v diff]5t book f ! "o 9 "q2 ( :i*1 !y pret5d t !re are "s copies 9 ! libr>ies 9 ,g]many1 pr9t$ 9 folio1 & writt5 9 ,high ,dut*4 ,claude ,beaureg>d1 bett] kn[n "u 8 ,lat9 appellation ,b]ig>dus1 a pr(essor ( philosophy1 fir/ at ,p>is1 next at ,pisa1 & latt]ly at ,padua1 quotes or =ges a passage f ! "w1 ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors1 9 :i* ! miracles :i* ,moses p]=m$ 9 ,egypt are attribut$ to ! sup]iority ( 8 demon #h ov] t ( ! ,magicians ( ,ph>oah4 ,giordano ,bruno :o 0 burn$ at ,rome1 #ag? ,feb4 #afjj1 0 accus$ ( hav+ advanc$ some?+ mu* to ! same effect4 ,b al?\gh ,beaureg>d & ,bruno h indulg$ 9 su* rev]ies1 & h ?\ght prop] to ass]t t !y quot$ f ! "w 9 "q1 is ?is a c]ta9 pro( t !y _h read ! book8 ,if s !y w\ld d\btless h /at$ :e!r x 0 9 manuscript1 or 9 pr9t1 & ref]r$ to ! size & ! place :]e !y f\nd x4 ,t5tzelius1 tru/+ to "o ( 8 fri5ds1 a pret5d$ ocul> witness1 gives a description ( ! book1 & specifies ! numb] ( leaves & %eets2 & attempt+ to prove 9 *ap4 ,,iii4 ( 8 "w t ! ambition ( legislators is ! only s\rce ( all religions1 he gives z examples ,moses1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ,mahomet4 ,/ruvius1 aft] ,t5tzelius1 ent]s into ! same subject1 b f9d+ no?+ b :at a clev] fabuli/ might inv5t1 he seems mu* incl9$ to disbelieve 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! book4 ,a j\rnali/ at ,leipsic1 9 8 acta erudit>um1 dat$ ,jan4 #agji1 pp4 #cf & #cg1 gives ! foll[+ extract f a lett] address$ to him3 ,hav+ occasion to be 9 ,saxony ,i saw1 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,m4441 a book entitl$ ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors4 ,x is an #hvo volume1 9 ,lat91 )\t ! "n ( ! pr9t] or ! date ( its publication2 b to judge f ! lett] x appe>s to h be5 publi%$ 9 ,g]many4 ,x 0 to no purpose t ,i tri$ to obta9 p]mission to read ! :ole "w4 ,! proprietor ( ! book1 a man ( s5sitive piety1 w\ld n cons5t to x4 ,i h s9ce le>n$ t a celebrat$ pr(essor at ,/uttg>d _h (f]$ a great sum ( money = ! volume4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ,i w5t to ,nuremb]g1 & 9 talk+ ( ?is "w to ,m4 ,&re ,mylhdorf1 a man respectable alike = 8 age1 & f 8 le>n+1 he assur$ me he _h read x1 & t ,m4 ,wolf] a cl]gyman _h l5t x to him4 ,f ! mann] 9 :i* he spoke1 ,i ?\ght x might be a copy ( ! "o allud$ to above1 & ,i conclud$ t x 0 unque/ionably ! book ref]r$ to2 b n t x 0 9 octavo1 nor ( s old a date1 nor p]haps s accurate4 ,! writ] ( ! =ego+ 0 able to ?r[ m light ^u ! subject & ought to h done s2 = x is n en\gh to say t he _h se5 ! book--he mu/ produce evid5ce t he _h se5 x1 o!rwise he ought to be class$ ) ^? :o promulgate op9ions f\nd$ on m]e report2 9 :i* category we mu/ include all ! au?ors to :om ref]5ce is made 9 ?is disquisition4 ,! fir/ :o makes m5tion ( ! book z x exi/$ 9 #aedc1 is ,william ,po/el1 9 8 treatise on ! agreem5t ( ! ,alcoran ) ! doctr9es ( ! ,lu!rans or ! ,evangeli/s4 ,he calls ! "w ,anevangeli/es1 & attempts 9 x to br+ ! ,lu!ran doctr9es into utt] disrepute by prov+ t !y lead /raightway to ,a!ism4 ,to support 8 argum5t he in/ances ?ree or f\r productions writt51 z he says1 by ,a!i/s1 :om he decl>es to h be5 ! fir/ disciples ( ?is new ,gospel4 ,he adds1 my op9ion c be v9dicat$ by ref]5ce to an infam\s pamphlet writt5 by ,villanovanus relative to ?ree works respectively entitl$ ',! ,cymbal ( ! ,_w1' ',pantagruel1' & ! ',new ,isl&s2' ! au?ors ( :i* works 7 ! /&>d-be>]s ( ! ,a!i/ical p>ty4 ,?is ,villanovanus1 :om ,po/el ass]ts to be ! au?or ( ! book ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors1 0 ,mi*el ,s]vetus ! son ( a not>y1 born 9 #aeji1 at ,villanueva 9 ,aragon1 :o assum$ ! "n ( ,villanovanus1 9 a preface to a ,bible :i* 0 pr9t$ = him at ,lyons1 #aedb1 by ,hugues de la ,porte4 ,9 ,france 8 designation 0 ,vill5euve1 "u :i* title he 0 impea*$1 aft] he _h publi%$ at ,vi5na1 9 ,dauph9y1 #aeec1 7! ye> be=e 8 dea?7 ! "w entitl$ ,*ri/ianity re/or$2 a book extremely r>e1 on acc\nt ( ! tr\ble :i* !y took at ,g5eva to f9d out ! copies ( ! "w & get !m burn$4 ,9 ! au!ntic li/ ( ! writ+s ( ,s]vetus1 h[ev]1 we d n f9d m5tion made ( ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors4 ,nei!r ,calv9 nor ,beza1 nor ,alex&] ,morus1 nor any o!r def5d] ( ! ,hugu5ot p>ty :o wrote aga9/ ,s]vetus1 & ^: int]e/ x 0 to ju/ify 8 puni%m5t1 & to convict him ( hav+ writt5 ?is "w1 has laid x to 8 *>ge4 ,po/el1 an ex-,jesuit1 0 ! fir/ to d s1 )\t gr\nds4 ,florimond de ,remond1 a c\ncillor 9 ! ,s5ate at ,bordeaux1 writes decid$ly t he _h se5 ?is book 9 pr9t4 ,8 words are2 ,james ,curio1 9 8 ,*ronology #aeef1 ass]ts t ! ,palat9ate 0 fill$ ) sc(f]s at religion1 ! ,lievani/es1 viz4 a sect :o consid]$ ! ,sacr$ ,writ+s z fabul\s1 & m especially ^? ( ,moses1 ! great ,lawgiv] ( ,god4 ,is !re n a book1 ',! ,?ree ,impo/ors1' defam+ ! ?ree religions :i* alone ackn[l$ge ! true ,god--! ,jewi%1 ! ,*ri/ian1 & ! ,mahometan8--a book compos$ 9 ,g]many1 b pr9t$ else:]e at ! exact mom5t :5 ^! h]etics are employ+ ?is individual to spread abroad _! doctr9es8 ,! v title %[s ! "* ( ! age :i* has d>$ to publi% s impi\s a treatise4 ,i w\ld h ref]r$ to x unless ,osius & ,g5ebr>d _h spok5 to me on ! subject4 ,i recollect t 9 my e>li] days ,i saw a copy ( ?is "w at ! ,college ( ,presle4 ,x belong$ to ,ramus1 a man di/+ui%$ = 8 extraord9>y le>n+1 & :o 0 !n employ$ 9 deep rese>*es into ! my/]ies connect$ ) religi\s belief2 :i* subject he int5d$ to treat 9 a philosophical mann]4 ,at ?is "t !y 7 circulat+ ?is iniquit\s "w among/ ! le>n$1 :o 7 v desir\s to see x4 ,a curi\s inquir] into secrets6 ,ev]ybody kn[s ,florimond de ,remond z an insignificant scribbl]4 ,!re are ?ree rem>kable say+s 9 curr5cy aga9/ him2 t he built )\t money1 t he 0 a judge )\t pr9ciple1 & an au?or )\t k4 #i ,we "k also t he always l5t 8 "n to ,p4 ,ri*eaume1 a ,jesuite mu* hat$ by ! ,prote/ants1 :o cloak$ 8 own "n by assum+ t ( ! c\ncillor ( ,bordeaux4 ,n[1 if ,osius & ,g5ebr>d _h spok5 z decid$ly z ,florimond de ,remond1 !re might h be5 some:at to re/ ^u2 b see :at ,g5ebr>d says 9 ! ?irty-n9? page ( 8 answ] to ,lamb]t ,danan1 pr9t$ 7octavo7 at ,p>is #aeha4 #aj ,!y 78 own p>ty7 h n driv5 ,bl&ratus1 nor ,alciatus1 nor ,o*9us into ,mahometanism2 nor h !y induc$ ,valleus to pr(ess himself an ,a!i/2 nei!r h !y entic$ any "o :atev] to circulate ! "w call$ ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors1 :]e9 ,*ri/ ! ,"l is allud$ to z ! second1 ! o!r two be+ ,moses & ,mahomet4 ,is t ! way to id5tify ?is impi\s book8 & ,g5ebr>d1 =soo? _h se5 x6 ,& c x be1 t 9 ! pres5t day p w attempt to get up regul> pro( to %[ t su* a "w exi/s8 ,x is a well kn[n fact t1 9 all ages1 _m lies h be5 palm$ (f 9 ref]5ce to books :i* c\ld nev] be discov]$1 al?\gh individuals decl>e t !y _h se5 !m & ev5 w5t s f> z to m5tion ! places :]e !y _h be5 fav\r$ ) _! p]usal4 ,x has be5 said t ?is "w 0 9 ! libr>y ( ,m4 ,salvius1 ! ,sw$i% ambassador1 at ,mun/]1 & t ,que5 ,*ri/9a1 unwill+ to ask x ( him :ile he liv$1 imm$iately s5t ,m4 ,b\rdelet1 h] *ief physician1 to entreat 8 wid[ to satisfy h] curiosity1 :5 he 0 in=m$ t ,m4 ,salvius1 hav+ be5 seiz$ ) remorse ( consci5ce on ! night ( 8 dea?1 made !m burn ! "w 9 8 pres5ce4 ,a %ort "t aft]w>ds ,*ri/iana enquir$ eag]ly aft] ! ,colloquium ,heptaplom]s by ,bod91 a manuscript1 at t p]iod extremely r>e2 aft] a long se>* x 0 f\nd1 b :atev] desire ! ,que5 _h to see ! "w 9 "q1 & al?\gh x 0 s\ght aft] 9 all ! libr>ies ( ,europe1 %e di$ )\t hav+ discov]$ x4 ,ought we n !re=e to conclude t x 0 nev] 9 exi/5ce8 ,)\t d\bt ! pa9s tak5 by ,*ri/9a w\ld h l$ to ! discov]y ( t book :i* ,po/el decl>es 0 pr9t$ 9 #aedc1 & :i* ,florimond de ,remond says appe>$ 9 #aeef4 ,s9ce !n diff]5t individuals h assign$ to x o!r dates4 ,9 #afed1 ,jean ,bapti/e ,mor91 a celebrat$ doctor & ma!matician1 wrote a lett] "u ! "n ( ,v9c5t ,panurge1 :i* he address$ to himself 9 ?is way1 ,an epi/le to t mo/ em95t physician1 ,john ,bapti/ ,mor91 conc]n+ ! ',?ree ,impo/ors'4 #aa ,! ?ree impo/ors to :om he ref]s 7 ,gass5di1 ,neure1 & ,b]ni]1 :om he wi%$ to satirize "u ?is title4 ,*ri/ian ,kor?olt 9 #afhj employ$ ! same t]ms 9 8 "w aga9/ ,heb]t1 ,hobbes1 & ,sp9oza4 ,su* has be5 ! use :i* ! le>n$ h made ( ?is "w :5 !y wrote aga9/ _! oppon5ts1 & 9 ?is way h !y drawn ^u ! cr$ulity ( comp>atively ignorant p1 :o1 c>+ little to exam9e ! evid5ces1 h be5 deceiv$ at once4 ,is x possible1 t if su* a "w _h really exi/$1 x w\ld n h be5 refut$2 j z !y refut$ ! "w conc]n+ ! ,pre-,adamites1 #ab writt5 by ,m4 de la ,peyr]e1--! disc\rses ( ,sp9oza1 & ! publications ( ,bod98 ,! ,colloquium ,heptaplom]es1 al?\gh 9 manuscript1 has be5 answ]$2 w\ld ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors h met ) m fav\r8 ,h[ comes x t x has n be5 condemn$1 & plac$ 9 ! ,index ,expurgatorius1 & h[ has x escap$ cremation by ! h&s ( ! common hangman8 ,books aga9/ morality h be5 sometimes tol]at$1 b ^? :i* /rongly attack ,religion d n escape ) impunity4 ,florimond de ,remond1 :o says t he _h se5 ! book1 ass]ts t he 0 at t "t a y\?1 old en\gh p]haps to write fairy tales2 he quotes ,ramus :o _h be5 dead = ?irty ye>s1 & c\ld n convict him ( falsehood2 he quotes ,osius & ,g5ebr>d1 b 9 9 vague t]ms1 & )\t po9t+ out ! passage 9 _! works4 ,he says t !y 7 circulat+ ?is "w--a "w :i* if x exi/$1 w\ld unque/ionably h be5 put "u lock & key4 ,our oppon5ts may produce a passage f ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 :o1 9 ! #ai? sec4 "p ,i4 ( 8 "w /yl$ ,religio ,m$ici1 translat$ f ,engli% into ,lat9 by a di/+ui%$ s*ol>1 uses ! foll[+ words2 ?is impi\s man1 ! au?or ( ?is blasphem\s "w1 ',! ,?ree ,impo/ors1' al?\gh a /rang] to e religion1 inasmu* z he 0 nei!r a ,jew1 a ,mahometan1 nor a ,*ri/ian1 0 nev]!less evid5tly n an ,a!i/4 #ac ,f ?is !y w\ld inf] t he mu/ h se5 ! book1 :5 he speaks 9 su* t]ms ( its au?or4 ,n[1 ,sir ,?omas only says t ,b]n>d ,o*9us1 :o 9 8 op9ion 0 ! au?or ( ! "w1 7z he h9ts 9 a foot note17 0 m ( a ,dei/ ?an an ,a!i/1 & t any ,dei/ ( ord9>y av]age intellect & in=mation1 0 capable ( plann+ & execut+ su* a design4 ,molikius1 9 a note ^u ! passage1 d5ies & ju/ly1 t ?is "w 0 writt5 by ,o*9us1 = !y ass]t t x 0 writt5 9 ,lat91 & we "k t ,o*9us nev] wrote b 9 ,italian2 moreov] if he _h be5 suspect$ ( hav+ any connection ) ?is "w1 8 enemies1 :o made s mu* clam\r aga9/ 8 dialogues conc]n+ ! ,tr9ity & ,polygamy1 w\ld n h sp>$ him4 ,b h[ c we reconcile ,br[ne & ,g5ebr>d :o consid] ,o*9us z a ,mahometan1 & at ! same "t decl>e t he 0 nei!r a disciple ( ,moses1 nor ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 nor ( ,mahomet6 ,naude1 by a /range mi/ake attributes ! "w to ,vill5euve1 a comp>atively ignorant writ]1 & ,ern/ius decl>es t at ,rome he _h le>n$ f ,campannelle1 t ,muret1 a poli%$ & accompli%$ au?or1 _h writt5 ! "w m ?an two c5turies aft] ,villaneuve4 ,ern/ius is mi/ak54 ,campannelle also refutes himself1 = 9 ! preface to 8 "w1 ,a!ism ov]?r[n1 & /ill m explicitly 9 8 disc\rse1 ,paganism indef5sible1 he affirms t ?is "w came f ,g]many1 b t x 0 ! composition ( ,muret2 a /atem5t entirely opposite to t ( ,florimond de ,remond allud$ to be=e1 :i* holds t ! "w 0 writt5 9 ,g]many b publi%$ else:]e4 ,muret has !re=e be5 falsely accus$1 & /&s 9 ne$ ( no apology4 ,!y h judg$ ( 8 religion f 8 life4 ,! ,hugu5ot p>ty1 vex$ t aft] embrac+ _! doctr9es he _h ab&on$ !m =ev]1 did n sp>e him on ?is occasion1 & ,beza1 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 reproa*es him ) two crimes1 ! second be+ ,a!ism4 ,julius ,scalig]1 nettl$ by a jeu d'esprit ( ,muret's aga9/ him1 has be5 l$ to d him inju/ice #ad4 ,muret1 he says malici\sly1 w\ld h be5 a bett] ,*ri/ian if he _h believ$ 9 ,god2 ,i am aw>e t he tri$ to p]suade o!rs to d s4 ,9 ?is way h orig9at$ false impressions aga9/ ,muret4 ,in/ead ( respect+ 8 exempl>y piety1 ( :i* he gave /rik+ evid5ce 9 ! la/ ye>s ( 8 exi/5ce1 !y set !mselves half a c5tury aft] 8 dea?1 to black5 8 "* by accus+ him ( crimes :i* 7 unkn[n to 8 mo/ av[$ enemies1 & ) :i*1 9 8 life-"t1 we are c]ta9 t he nev] 0 *>g$4 ,"s ignorant writ]s :o possess no critical acum51 h impea*$ )\t any reason :atev] ! fir/ individual :o occurr$ to _! memory4 ,/eph5 ,dolet ( ,orleans1 ,frances ,pucci ( ,flor5ce1 ,john ,milton ( ,london1 & ,m]ula1 a r5egade ,mahometan1 h done s2 !y h accus$ ,pet] ,aret91 m]ely because he 0 a fe>less & lic5ti\s writ]1 )\t reflect+ t he 0 an uncultivat$ man1 ( no le>n+ & sc>cely ma/] ( 8 native tongue4 ,= simil> reasons !y h blam$ ,poggio & o!rs1 & h ev5 gone s f> back z ,boccaccio1 mo/ likely on acc\nt ( ! ?ird tale 9 8 ,decam]on1 :]e he rec\nts ! fable ( ?ree simil> r+s1 ( :i* he makes a dang]\s application to ! ,jewi%1 ,*ri/ian1 & ,mahometan religions1 z if ins9uat+ t !y might be embrac$ indiff]5tly1 s9ce x 0 impossible to decide :i* ( !m ought to h ! pref]5ce4 ,nei!r h ^! writ]s =got ,ma*iavel2 & ,deck] impea*es ,rabelais4 ,! ,dut*man also :o translates into ,fr5* ! ,religio ,m$ici ( ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne1 9 ! notes to 8 #bj? *ap4 accuses ,erasmus z well z ,ma*iavel4 ,) m app>5t reason !y attack bo? ,pompanacius & ,c>dan4 ,! =m]1 9 8 treatise on ! immortality ( ! s\l1 :]e he reasons z a philosoph] & speaks ab/ractly ( ! ,ca?olic fai?--9 :i* 7at ! end ( 8 "w7 he solemnly pr(esses himself a believ]--is bold en\gh to add t ! doctr9e ( ! immortality ( ! s\l _h be5 prop\nd$ by ! orig9ators ( e religi\s cre$ 9 ord] to keep _! foll[]s 9 ?rall1 & t !re=e ! majority ( ! human race _h be5 dup$4 ,if ! ,jewi%1 ,*ri/ian1 & ,mahometan religions1 he cont9ues1 are all ?ree ( !m impo/ures1 x foll[s t ! half ( mank9d are mi/ak54 ,?is absurd reason+1 9 spite ( ! precautions ( ,pompanacius1 rea*$ ,jacques ,c>p5ti]1 & induc$ him to exclaim1 ,c any ?+ be conceiv$ ( m truly p]nici\s ?an ?is scepticism1 com+ z x does f a ,*ri/ian s*ool ( !ology4 #ae ,c>dan goes /ill f>!r wrong 9 ! elev5? ( 8 disc\rses ,on ,sophi/ry1 :]e1 aft] m9utely comp>+ ,paganism1 ,judaism1 ,*ri/ianity1 & ,mahometanism1 & sett+ ! "o to contradict ! o!r1 )\t express+ belief 9 any ( !m1 he f9i%es ra%ly 9 ?is way2 8 igitur arbitrio victori relictes1 t is1 he leaves x to *ance to decide ! victory2 an expression h[ev] :i* he himself correct$ 9 ! second edition ( 8 "w4--,?is retraction did n save him f be+ mo/ bitt]ly attack$ ?ree ye>s aft]w>d by ,joseph ,scalig]1 on acc\nt ( ! fe>ful import ( ! language he _h made use (1 & ( ! indiff]5ce x %[$ on ! "p ( ,c>dan z to :i* ( ! f\r p>ties might ga9 ! victory1 & z to :e!r t victory 7 ga9$ by argum5t or arms4 ,9 ! la/ article ( ! "w ,naudiana1 :i* is a rhapsodical comp\nd ( blund]s & falsehood1 !re are "s confus$ ref]5ces to ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors4 ,! au?or ass]ts t ,ramus _h attribut$ x to ,po/el2 no?+ :atev] c be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ,ramus to e/abli% ?is4 ,po/el 0 a s+ul> vision>y4 ,h5ry ,/ephanus relates t he _h be5 he>d to say1 t out ( ! ?ree religions1 ! ,jewi%1 ! ,*ri/ian1 & ! ,mahometan1 a good "o might be made4 ,h[ev]1 9 no "p ( 8 "w does he call 9 "q ! mission ( ,moses1 or ! div9ity ( ,*ri/2 nei!r does he v5ture to ma9ta9 9 exact t]ms t ! dev\t ,v5etian ,hospitall]1 :om he calls 8 "m ,jeanne1 w\ld be ! ,r$eem] ( wom51 z ,*ri/ _h be5 ! ,r$eem] ( m54 ,aft] expla9+ t 9 m5 !re is a mascul9e "p1 ! animus1 & a fem99e "p1 ! anima1 he has ! absurdity to add t bo? p>ts 7 corrupt$ by s9 & t 8 "m ,jeanne might re/ore ! fem99e z ,*ri/ _h re/or$ ! mascul9e4 ,! book 9 :i* he utt]s ?is absurdity 0 pr9t$ at ,p>is 9 #aeec1 & is by no means s r>e b t copies may easily be f\nd4 ,f x we c ga!r t he w\ld h publi%$ ! o!r works also1 if x _h be5 true t he _h rea*$ ?is pit* ( blasphemy4 ,s f> f ?is be+ ! case1 he writes 7#aedc7 t ! book 0 writt5 by ,mi*ael ,s]vetus2 & long aft]w>ds he does n scruple to av5ge himself on 8 ,hugu5ot calumniators1 by accus+ !m1 9 a lett] address$ to ,masius1 7#aefc7 ( hav+ !mselves pr9t$ ! "w at ,ca53 ?is infam\s comm5t>y or disc\rse aga9/ ,moses1 ,*ri/1 & ,mahomet1 0 lately pr9t$ at ,cn1 by ^? :o pr(ess !mselves ! ke5e/ support]s ( ! ,calv9i/ic doctr9es4 #af ,9 ! same *apt] ( ,naudiana1 m5tion is made ( "o ,b>naud1 b 9 t]ms s p]plex$ t little c be drawn f !m except t he _h se5 an octavo "w ( #ih pages1 pr9t$ 9 #afac1 entitl$ ,! ,g5eva ,booby4 ,x did n be> :]e x _h be5 pr9t$1 nei!r 0 ! au?or's "n giv54 ,p]haps x might h be5 writt5 by ,h5ri de ,sponde1 aft]w>ds ,bi%op ( ,pami]2 :o says1 t at t p]iod !re liv$ a physician nam$ ,b>naud an ,arian1 :o _h compos$ ?is treatise4 ,n[ ?is w\ld make x ( a comp>atively rec5t date4 ,! only s5sible article 9 ,naudiana is t[>ds its conclusion1 :]e ,naude1 a man ( va/ exp]i5ce z a bibliologi/1 is made to decl>e t he _h nev] se5 ! "w allud$ to1 t he did n believe su* a "w _h ev] be5 pr9t$1 & t he consid]$ e ?+ :i* _h be5 said on ?is subject z m]e inv5tion & fable4 ,to ?is li/ may be add$ t notable a!i/ ,julius ,cs> ,van9i1 burn$ at ,t\l\se "u ! "n ( ,lucilius ,van9us1 :o 0 accus$ ( hav+ circulat$ ?is vile "w 9 ,france "s ye>s be=e he 0 put to dea?4 ,if !re are writ]s s cr$ul\s & devoid ( common s5se z to believe 9 ^! incoh]5cies1 ass]t+ t ! book 0 publicly sold 9 _m qu>t]s ( ,europe1 !y ought to set ! matt] at re/ by produc+ a s+le copy2 = x _c be 9 ! case suppos$1 t ! "w is s r>ely to be met )4 ,b no p]son has se5 a copy1 nei!r ( ! edition said to h be5 publi%$ by ,*ri/ian ,we*el at ,p>is1 ab\t ! middle ( ! #af? c5tury1 nor ( t :i* !y attribute to ,na*tegal1 z pr9t$ at ! ,hague1 #afad or #afae4 ,fa!r ,!ophylus ,reynaud /ates t ! =m] _h sunk into extreme pov]ty f ! visitations ( heav52 & ,mull] relates ( ! latt] t he 0 bani%$ f ! ,hague ) infamy4 ,bayle 9 8 diction>y 7article ,we*ell7 cle>ly refutes ! calumny aga9/ ?is pr9t]2 & 9 reg>d to ,na*tegal1 ,spizelius in=ms u t he 0 a native ( ,alkma]1 & bani%$1 n = hav+ publi%$ ?is suppositi\s "w1 b = hav+ giv5 utt]ance to o!r blasphemies4 ,n[1 :5 we look ov] ) att5tion & pati5ce :at ,v9c5t ,placcius says 9 ! folio edition ( 8 imm5se "w conc]n+ ,anonym\s writ]s1 & au?ors :o write "u false names1 & :at ,*ri/ian ,k]?olt says 9 8 "w revis$ by 8 son ,seba/ian reg>d+ ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors1 & f9ally :at ,/ruvius advances 9 8 treatise 7#agjf7 on ,le>n$ ,impo/ors1 we c f9d no?+ at all to prove t su* a "w ev] exi/$2 & x is a/oni%+ t ,/ruvius1 :o 9 spite ( ! mo/ speci\s evid5ce :i* ,t5tzelius _h (f]$ him to prove its exi/5ce1 _h always ma9ta9$ ! contr>y1 0 at la/ p]suad$ to believe t !re really 0 su* a "w2 & t too1 = ! mo/ frivol\s reason :i* x is possible to conceive4 ,9 ! preface ( ,a!ism ,ov]?r[n1 he discov]s t ! au?or ( ?is "w1 9 ord] to v9dicate himself f ! crime laid to 8 *>ge1 decl>es t ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors _h be5 publi%$ ?irty ye>s be=e he 0 born4 ,?is is a /range discov]y1 b x appe>$ s satisfactory to ,/ruvius t he ceas$ to d\bt 9 ! exi/5ce ( su* a book1 because he knew ! ye> 9 :i* ,campannelle 0 born 7#aefh47 & knew also t ! book 0 pr9t$ ?irty ye>s be=e ?is1 viz4 9 #aech4 ,aft]w>ds 9 pu%+ _! rese>*es f>!r1 !y resolv$ to consid] ,boccaccio z ! au?or ( ! "w1 f a mis9t]pret$ passage 9 ,*ap4 #b1 ,no4 #f1 9 ! ,a!ism ,ov]?r[n :]e ! foll[+ words occur2 ,h5ce ,boccaccio 9 8 impi\s fables1 cont5ds t !re is no di/9ction betwe5 ! law ( ,moses1 ( ,*ri/ & ( ,mahomet1 because !y are z l ea* o!r z ! ?ree simil> r+s4 #ag ,b does ,campannelle1 9 ?is passage int5d to say t ,boccaccio 0 ! au?or ( ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors8 ,s f> is ?is f be+ ! case1 t he answ]s else:]e ! objections ( ! ,a!i/s aga9/ ,boccaccio & ! book 9 "q2 & ,/ruvius himself1 9 ! #i? p>agraph ( 8 diss]tation on ,le>n$ ,impo/ors quotes a passage f ,ern/ius1 :i* /ates t ,campannelle _h told him t ! book 0 writt5 by ,muret2 n[ ,muret hav+ be5 born 9 #aebf1 & ! book be5 pr9t$ 9 #aech1 he c\ld only h be5 #ab ye>s ( age2 at :i* "t ( life we _c suppose x possible t he 0 able to write a "w ( ?is description4 ,x foll[s !re=e t ?is book1 said to h be5 writt5 9 ,lat9 & pr9t$ 9 ,g]many1 nev] exi/$4 ,at no p]iod has !re be5 a pr9t$ "w1 h[ev] r>ely to be met )1 9 ref]5ce to :i* v au!ntic & circum/antial in=mation c\ld n be f\nd4 ,al?\gh ! works ( ,mi*ael ,s]vetus may nev] be met )1 x has always be5 well kn[n t !y 7 pr9t$1 & moreov] :]e !y 7 pr9t$4 ,be=e ! publication ( ! two mod]n editions ( ! ,cymbalum ,mundi1 compos$ by ,bonnav5ture de ,p]ri]es1 writ+ "u ! assum$ "n ( ,?omas du ,clevi]1 :o says t he _h translat$ x f ! ,lat91 & ( :i* "w only two anci5t copies rema91 ! "o 9 ! ,k+'s libr>y & ! o!r 9 t ( ,m4 ,bigot at ,r\52--be=e ! publication ( ! ! mod]n editions1 x 0 an asc]ta9$ fact t ! "w _h be5 pr9t$1 & ! date & "n ( ! booksell] 7 kn[n4 ,! case is exactly ! same z reg>ds ,! ,bless+s ( ,*ri/ianity1 or ! ,sc\rge ( ! ,fai?1 ! au?or ( :i*1 ,ge(frey ,vallee a native ( ,orleans1 0 hang$ & burn$ at ,greve1 on ! #i? ,febru>y #aegc1 aft] hav+ adjur$ 8 errors4 ,x is a small octavo "w ( ?irty pages1 )\t date1 or ! "n ( ! place :]e x 0 pr9t$2 a trifle1 feebly reason$1 & n[ become s r>e t p]haps ! copy belong+ to ,monsieur ! ,abbe d',e/rees is ! only "o to be f\nd4 ,b al?\gh all ^! works _h absolutely p]i%$1 no "o c\ld d\bt _! previ\s exi/5ce1 ! facts on record conc]n+ !m be+ z true1 z ^? conc]n+ ',! ,?ree ,impo/ors' are apocryphal4 ,,answ] ,,to ,,! ,,diss]tation ,,( ,,monsieur ,,de ,,la ,,monnoye ,,on ,,! ,,"w ,,entitl$ ,,! ,,?ree ,,impo/ors4 ,an attempt at discussion1 :i* y w f9d at ! end ( ! new edition ( ,m5agiana1 :i* has j be5 publi%$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 af=ds me ! opportunity ( giv+ "s in=mation to ! public on a subject :i* appe>s to call into ex]cise ! +5uity ( almo/ all ! le>n$2 & at ! same "t ( v9dicat+ ! "* ( _m em95t m51 & m5 ( di/+ui%$ m]it1 :o h be5 attack$ z ! au?ors ( ! "w :i* =ms ! subject ( a disquisition attribut$ to ,m4 de la ,monnoye4 ,)\t d\bt ?is new book is already 9 y\r possession2 y w p]ceive t ,i allude to ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors4 ,! au?or ( ! diss]tation upholds ! non-exi/5ce ( su* a book1 & attempts to e/abli% 8 po9t by br++ =w>d conjectures1 )\t advanc+ any evid5ce capable 9 ! smalle/ degree ( influ5c+ ! op9ions ( ^? :o are accu/om$ to exam9e be=e !y decide4 ,i w n und]take to refute s]iatim ! articles conta9$ 9 a diss]tation1 ! sub/ance ( :i* is to be f\nd 9 a ,lat9 disc\rse by ,m4 ,burkh>d ,got!lf ,/ruve1 on ,le>n$ ,impo/ors1 pr9t$ = ! second "t at ,g5eva1 by ,mull] 9 #agjf1 & :i* ,m4 de la ,monnoye mu/ h se51 because he quotes f x4 ,he w ackn[l$ge t ,i am q prep>$ to ov]turn 8 argum5ts1 :5 ,i in=m him t ,i h read ?is celebrat$ little "w1 & t ,i h x 9 my libr>y4 ,i w give y & ! public an acc\nt ( ! way 9 :i* ,i discov]$ x1 & z x is 9 my possession1 ,i w subjo9 a %ort b fai?ful description ( x4 ,be+ at ,frank=t on ! ,ma9 9 #agjf1 ,i call$ "o day 9 company ) a ,jew1 & a fri5d nam$ ,fre*t1 at t "t a /ud5t 9 ,!ology1 on an em95t booksell] 9 ^: e/abli%m5t almo/ e "w 0 to be met )4 ,we 7 exam9+ 8 catalogue :5 !re ent]$ a ,g]man (fic]1 :o address$ himself to ! proprietor 9 ,g]man1 & ask$ him if he 0 ready to agree to 8 proposals1 or if ano!r m]*ant %\ld be s\ght aft]4 ,fre*t1 :o =m]ly 0 acqua9t$ ) ! (fic]1 salut$ him & 0 recognis$4 ,?is gave an opportunity to my fri5d ( ask+ ! (fic]1 ^: "n 0 ,traws5dorff1 :at transaction he _h ) ! booksell]4 ,traws5dorff told him t he _h two manuscripts & a v old book 9 8 possession1 by ! sale ( :i* he expect$ to raise a sum ( money aga9/ ! approa*+ campaign1 & t ! booksell] higgl$ on #ej ,rix-doll>s1 be+ unwill+ to advance m ?an #dej = ! ?ree works1 :i* he1 7! (fic]71 valu$ at #ejj4 ,?is great sum ( money dem&$ = two manuscripts & a little book excit$ ! curiosity ( ,fre*t1 :o ask$ ( 8 fri5d if he might see ! productions :i* he wi%$ to sell at s de> a rate4 ,traws5dorff imm$iately drew f 8 pocket a p>*m5t envelope1 ti$ ) a silk ?read1 :i* he op5$1 & f :i* he took ! ?ree books4 ,we w5t into ! p>l\r ( ! booksell] to exam9e !m at our leisure1 & ! fir/ :i* ,fre*t look$ at _h be5 pr9t$1 b _h a title writt5 9 ,italian in/ead ( its real title1 :i* _h be5 defac$4 ,x ran ?us2 ,spaccio della ,be/ia triumphante1 & did n appe> to be ( an anci5t date4 ,x /ruck me z be+ ! same "w :i* ,tol& translat$ into ,engli%1 & pr9t$ "s ye>s ago1 & ! copies ( :i* sell v high4 ,! second we look$ at 0 an old ,lat9 manuscript writt5 9 a "* v difficult to decyph]1 )\t any title2 b at ! top ( ! fir/ page !re 7 writt5 ^! words1 ,fr$ric ! ,emp]or wi%es heal? to ,o?o1 8 mo/ illu/ri\s & de>e/ fri5d4 #ah ,! "w op5s ) a lett]1 ! fir/ l9es ( :i* are z foll[s2 ,i w s5d y z soon z possible a copy ( ! "w on ! ?ree mo/ celebrat$ deceiv]s ( mank9d1 a "w writt5 at my reque/ by a v le>n$ man1 & transcrib$ by my ord] = my libr>y2 & along ) x ano!r "w writt5 9 ! same pure & poli%$ /yle1 =1 c4 #ai ,! ?ird 0 also a ,lat9 manuscript )\t a title1 comm5c+ ) a quotation f ,cic]o4 ,fre*t hav+ glanc$ ov] ! books 9 a hurri$ way1 fix$ 8 att5tion ^u ! second1 ( :i* he _h (t5 he>d1 & 9 respect to :i* he _h read _m conflict+ hi/ories2 & )\t look+ into ! o!r two1 he took ,traws5dorff aside & told him t he w\ld easily f9d pur*as]s ( ! ?ree works4 ,he spoke little ( ! ,italian "w1 & by read+ a few passages he %[$ him t ! o!r 0 a demon/ration ( ,a!ism4 ,z ! booksell] /ill held to 8 t]ms1 & w\ld n come up to ! (fic]'s dem&1 we w5t all ?ree to ! lodg+s ( ,fre*t1 :o hav+ an object 9 view call$ = w9e1 & :ile begg+ ,traws5dorff to in=m u h[ he came by ! works1 he made him swall[ s _m bump]s t he soon became half intoxicat$1 s t ,fre*t _h little difficulty 9 p]suad+ him to leave ) him ! manuscript ( ,! ,?ree mo/ celebrat$ ,deceiv]s ( ,mank9d2 b he made him take a solemn oa? t he w\ld n copy x4 ,on ?is condition1 ! "w 0 to be left ) u f ,w$nesday till ,sunday night1 :5 ,traws5dorff 0 to call aga9 & take 8 %>e ( a few bottles ( ,fre*t's w9e1 :i* seem$ to be mu* to 8 ta/e4 ,z ,i _h q z mu* desire z ,fre*t to be acqua9t$ ) ! book1 we sat d[n imm$iately to read x ov]1 det]m9+ to sleep v little until ,sunday night4 ,x 0 n v l>ge--an octavo "w ( t5 sections1 exclusive ( ! prefatory lett]1 b 9 s small a "*1 & s full ( contractions1 besides be+ )\t po9ts1 t we _h mu* difficulty 9 decyph]+ ! fir/ page 9 two h\rs4 ,aft] ?is h[ev] we read x m easily1 :i* made me sugge/ to my fri5d a plan 7r ,jesuitical7 :]eby he might obta9 a copy ( ?is celebrat$ "w )\t break+ 8 oa? :i* he _h tak5 on compulsion2--t x 0 likely t ,traws5dorff1 :5 he insi/$ t x %\ld n be copi$1 only meant t he %\ld n transcribe ! words--9 %ort t we 7 q at lib]ty to translate x4 ,to :i* ,fre*t cons5t$ aft] "s scruples1 & we set to "w imm$iately4 ,on ,sunday we 7 9 possession ( ! "w a little be=e midnight4 ,traws5dorff aft]w>ds got 8 #ejj rix-doll>s = ! "w f a booksell] :o _h be5 commission$ by a ,pr9ce ( ! ,h\se ( ,saxe to pur*ase x4 ,! ,pr9ce knew t x _h be5 /ol5 f ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,muni*1 :5 ! ,g]mans obta9$ possession ( ! city aft] ! defeat ( ! ,fr5* & ,bav>ians at ,ho*/et1 & ,traws5dorff ackn[l$g$ to u t1 be+ alone 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,elector1 ! p>*m5t envelope ) its yell[ silk ?read attract$ 8 att5tion1 & t he c\ld n resi/ ! temptation to /eal x3 expect+ t x conta9$ "s r>e production1 9 :i* he 0 n disappo9t$4 ,to complete ! hi/ory ( ?is treatise1 ,i w give y ! conjectures :i* ,fre*t & ,i made z to its orig94 ,we agre$ at once t ! ,illu/rissimo ,o?o to :om x 0 s5t1 0 ,o?o ! ,illu/ri\s1 ,duke ( ,bav>ia1 son ( ,l\is ,i4 & gr&son ( ,o?o ! ,great1 ,c\nt ( ,s*iv5 & ,witelspa*1 to :om ! ,emp]or ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa _h giv5 ,bav>ia z a rew>d = 8 fidelity1 aft] he took x away f ,h5ry ! ,lion1 z a puni%m5t = 8 +ratitude4 ,o?o ! ,illu/ri\s succe$$ 8 fa!r ,l\is ,i41 9 #abcj1 "u ! reign ( ,fr$rick ,,ii41 gr&son ( ,fr$]ick ,b>b>ossa1 :o _h at t "t qu>rell$ ) ! ,c\nt ( ,rome on 8 return f ,j]usalem4 ,?is l$ u to ?9k t ! lett]s ,f4 ,i4 ,s4 ,d4 :i* foll[$ ! ,amico meo c>issimo1 d5ot$ ,fr$]icus ,imp]ator ,salutem ,dicit1 & t ! treatise 0 writt5 po/]ior to ! ye> #abcj1 by ! ord] ( ?is ,emp]or1 inflam$ z he 0 aga9/ all ,religions 9 consequ5ce ( ! bad treatm5t he _h met ) f ! head ( 8 own1 viz4 ,pope ,gregory ,,ix4 by :om he _h be5 excommunicat$ be=e he set out1 & :o p]secut$ him ev5 9 ,syria by intrigu+ to su* an ext5t1 t ! ,emp]or's army refus$ to obey 8 ord]s4 ,?is ,pr9ce on 8 return besieg$ ! ,pope at ,rome1 aft] hav+ ravag$ ! neighbor+ t]ritory1 & !reaft] made a peace ) him :i* 0 ( no long duration1 & :i* 0 foll[$ by an animosity s bitt] betwe5 him & ! ,holy ,pontiff1 t x only ceas$ at ! dea? ( ! latt]1 :o di$ he>t-brok5 t ,fr$]ick triumph$ 9 spite ( 8 empty fulm9ations1 & t he _h unmask$ ! vices ( ! ,papal ,*air 9 satirical v]ses :i* he circulat$ 9 e qu>t]1--9 ,g]many1 ,italy1 & ,france4 ,b we c\ld n discov] :o 0 ! doctissimus vir1 ) :om ,o?o appe>s to h held conv]se on ! subject 9 ! libr>y1 & app>5tly 9 ! company ( ! ,emp]or2 unless inde$ x 7 ! celebrat$ ,pi]re des ,vignes1 ! secret>y1 or z o!rs ma9ta91 ! *ancellor ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ,8 disc\rse ,on ,sov]eign ,p[]1 & 8 ,lett]s1 give pro( ( 8 le>n+1 & ! zeal :i* he _h = ! int]e/s ( 8 ma/]1 & ( 8 own hatr$ ( ,pope ,gregory ,,ix1 & ! ,ecclesia/ics & e/abli%$ ,*ur*es ( 8 day4 ,x is true1 t 9 "o lett] he attempts to exculpate 8 ma/] f ! *>ges aga9/ him z ! au?or ( ?is book3 b ?is /r5g!ns ! supposition1 & incl9es u to ?9k he only plead$ = ,fr$]ick1 to cloak 8 own %>e 9 s sc&al\s a "w4 ,at all ev5ts we mu/ believe t he w\ld h confess$ ! tru? :5 ,fr$]ick1 on suspicion t he _h conspir$ aga9/ 8 life1 condemn$ him to lose 8 eyes1 & h&$ him ov] to ! inhabitants ( ,pisa1 8 cruel enemies2 & :]e despair hurri$ on 8 dea? 9 an infam\s dungeon :]e he c\ld hold int]c\rse ) no "o4 ,9 ?is way we c repel ! false *>ges br\ght aga9/ ,av]roes1 ,boccaccio1 ,dolet1 ,aret9o1 ,s]vetus1 ,o*9us1 ,po/el1 ,pompanacius1 ,campannelle1 ,poggio1 ,pulci1 ,muret1 ,van9i1 ,milton1 & _m o!rs2 ! book hav+ be5 writt5 by a le>n$ man 9 high repute at ! c\rt ( ?is ,emp]or1 & by 8 ord]4 ,z to ! pr9t+ ( ! book !y c br+ =w>d no pro( :atev]2 & x is impossible to conceive t ,fr$]ick1 surr\nd$ z he 0 by enemies1 w\ld h circulat$ a "w :i* gave fair opportunity ( proclaim+ 8 infidelity4 ,x is probable !re=e t !re are only two copies1 ! orig9al "o & t s5t to ,o?o ( ,bav>ia4 ,?is w suffice z to ! discov]y ( ! book1 & its date2 we come n[ to :at x conta9s4 ,x is divid$ into six books or *apt]s1 e "o ( :i* conta9s sev]al p>agraphs4 ,! fir/ ,*apt] has = its title ,( ,god1 & conta9s six p>agraphs 9 :i* ! au?or1 wi%+ to appe> free f p>ty or educational prejudices1 %[s t al?\gh mank9d h a real int]e/ 9 asc]ta9+ ! tru?1 nev]!less !y f\nd ^u op9ions & imag9ations alone2 & meet+ ) p ^: int]e/ x is to keep !m 9 ?is /ate1 !y are made to re/1 cont5t$ 9 x1 al?\gh !y c\ld easily %ake (f ! yoke by mak+ ! slighte/ use ( _! reason4 ,he passes next to ! ideas :i* m5 ent]ta9 ( ! ,div9ity1 & prove t !y are injuri\s1 inasmu* z !y h l$ to ! creation ( ! mo/ fe>ful & imp]fect be+ :om x is possible to conceive (2 & he !n blames ! ignorance ( ! p1 or r _! fooli% cr$ulity 9 putt+ fai? 9 ! visions ( ,prophets & ,apo/les1 ( :om he draws a portrait suit$ to ! ideas :i* he ent]ta9s ( !m4 ,! second ,*apt] treats ( ! reasons :i* h l$ m5 to believe 9 a div9ity4 ,x is divid$ into elev5 p>agraphs1 :]e he proves t ! ignorance ( physical causes has giv5 bir? to a fe> natural en\gh at ! sight ( a ?\s& t]rible accid5ts1 & has l$ !m to believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( "s invisible ,p[]2 a d\bt1 & a fe>1 ( :i* subtle politicians h tak5 advantage1 = _! own int]e/1 & :i* h giv5 rise to a belief 9 ?is ,exi/5ce1 :i* has be5 confirm$ by o!rs :o h f\nd x = _! own b5efit to ma9ta9 x2 al?\gh x is m]ely gr\nd$ on ! folly ( ! common p1 always admir]s ( ! extraord9>y1 ! sublime1 & ! m>vell\s4 ,he next inquires into ! nature ( ! ,div9ity1 & ov]turns ! vulg> belief 9 f9al causes1 z contr>y to s\nd philosophy4 ,9 f9e1 he makes x appe> t su* ideas ( ! ,div9ity are only =m$ aft] hav+ decid$ :at is p]fect1 good1 evil1 virtue1 vice1 accord+ to imag9ation1 & (t5 z false z possible4 ,9 8 t5? p>agraph ! au?or expla9s 8 own op9ion z to ! ,div9ity1 :i* is con=mable to ! sy/em ( ! ,pan!i/s1 say+ t ! ^w ,god repres5ts an inf9ite ,be+1 "o ( ^: attributes is t he is ( unlimit$ ext5sion1 & consequ5tly t he is inf9ite & et]nal4 ,9 ! elev5? p>agraph he treats ) ridicule ! popul> op9ion :i* is giv5 to ! ,deity1 a resemblance to ! k+s ( ! e>?2 & pass+ to ! sacr$ books1 he speaks ( !m 9 a v unfav\rable mann]4 ,! ?ird ,*apt] has = its title ,! signification ( ! ^w ,!ology1 & h[1 & = :at purpose s _m religions h be5 introduc$ into ! _w4--,?is *apt] conta9s tw5ty-?ree p>agraphs4 ,9 ! n9? he exam9es ! orig9 ( religions2 & br+s =w>d examples & reason+s :i*1 s f> f be+ div9e1 are altoge!r ! "w ( politicians4 ,9 ! t5? p>agraph he und]takes to expose ! impo/ure ( ,moses1 %[+ :at he 01 & h[ he manag$ to e/abli% ! ,jewi% religion4 ,9 ! elev5? p>agraph he inquires into ! impo/ures ( sev]al politicians su* z ,numa1 & ,alex&] ! ,great4 ,9 ! twelf? he exam9es ! bir? ( ,jesus ,*ri/2 9 ! ?irte5? & foll[+ he consid]s 8 morality1 :i* he does n ?9k m pure ?an t ( a great numb] ( anci5t philosoph]s2 9 ! n9ete5? he inquires :e!r 8 reputation aft] 8 dea? is suffici5t to w>rant 8 believ+ 9 8 div9ity4 ,la/ly1 9 ! tw5ty-second & tw5ty-?ird p>agraphs1 he consid]s ! impo/ure ( ,mahomet1 ( :om he does n say s mu*1 because he has n to enc\nt] s _m advocates ( 8 doctr9e z t ( ! two o!rs4 ,! f\r? ,*apt] treats ( tru? evid5t & obvi\s to ! s5ses1 & consi/s only ( six p>agraphs1 :]e he demon/rates :at really is ! div9ity1 & :at are 8 attributes3 he rejects ! belief 9 a life to come1 & ! exi/5ce ( spirits4 ,! fif? ,*apt] treats ,( ! ,s\l4 ,x consi/s ( sev5 p>agraphs 9 :i*1 aft] hav+ expos$ ! vulg> op9ions1 he gives ^? ( ! ,philosoph]s ( antiquity1 & concludes by %[+ ! nature ( ! ,s\l accord+ to 8 own sy/em4 ,9 ! six? & la/ ,*apt] ( sev5 p>agraphs1 he disc\rses on ! ,spirits call$ ,demons1 & %[s ! orig9 & falsity ( ! op9ions z to _! exi/5ce4--,su* is ! anatomy ( ?is celebrat$ "w4 ,i might h giv5 x 9 a mann] m ext5d$ & m m9ute2 b besides t ?is lett] is already too long1 ,i ?9k t en\gh has be5 said to give insight into ! nature ( its cont5ts4 ,a ?\s& o!r reasons :i* y w well en\gh und]/&1 h prev5t$ me f ent]+ ^u x to s great a l5g? z ,i c\ld h done2 ,e/ modus 9 rebus4 #bj ,n[ al?\gh ?is book 7 ready to be pr9t$ ) ! preface 9 :i* ,i h giv5 its hi/ory1 & its discov]y1 ) "s conjectures z to its orig91 & a few rem>ks :i* may be plac$ at its conclusion1 yet ,i d n believe t x w live to see ! day :5 m5 w be compell$ all at once to quit _! op9ions & _! imag9ations1 z !y h quit$ _! syllogisms1 _! canons1 & _! o!r antiquat$ modes4 ,z = me ,i w n expose myself to ! ,!ological /ylus #ba1 :i* ,i fe> z mu* z ,fra-,p\lo fe>$ ! ,roman /ylus1 to af=d to a few le>n$ m5 ! pleasure ( read+ ?is little treatise2 b nei!r w ,i be s sup]/iti\s1 on my dea? b$1 z to make x be ?r[n into ! flames1 :i* we are in=m$ 0 done by ,salvius1 ! ,sw$i% ambassador at ! peace ( ,mun/]4 ,^? :o come aft] me may d :at seems !m good--!y _c di/urb me 9 ! tomb4 ,be=e ,i desc5d to t1 ,i rema9 ) mu* respect1 y\r mo/ ob$i5t s]vant1 ,j4 ,l4 ,r4 ,l4 ,leyd51 #a/ ,janu>y #agaf4 ,?is lett] 0 writt5 by ,m4 ,pi]re ,fr$]ick ,arpe1 ( ,kiel 9 ,hol/e92 ! au?or ( an apology = ,van9i1 pr9t$ 9 octavo at ,rott]dam1 #agab ,,copy ,,( ,,! ,,second ,,"p1 ,,vol4 ,i1 ,,article ,,ix4 ,,(1 ,,lit]>y ,,memoirs4 ,,publi%$ ,,at ,,! ,,hague ,,by ,,h5ry ,,du ,,sauzet1 #agaf4 ,x is impossible 9 ! pres5t day to d\bt ! exi/5ce ( ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors1 s9ce we f9d sev]al manuscript copies ( x4 ,if ,m4 de la ,monnoye _h obs]v$ ! agreem5t ( x ) an extract publi%$ at ,leyd51 #a/4 ,jan4 #agaf1--! same division into six *apt]s--! same titles1 & ! same subjects ( :i* !y treat1 he w\ld h exclaim$ aga9/ ! =g]y ( ?is "w1 improp]ly attribut$ to ,pi]re des ,vignes1 ! ,secret>y & ,*ancellor ( ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ,?is judici\s critic long ago obs]v$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,go?ic /yle ( ,pi]re des ,vignes 9 8 ,epi/les1 & t ( ! lett] pret5d$ to be address$ to ! ,duke ( ,bav>ia1 ,o?o ! illu/ri\s1 :5 !y s5t him ! "w4 ,a m important po9t has n escap$ ! notice ( ! le>n$4 ,?is treatise is writt5 & argu$ 9 ! me?od & ^u ! pr9ciples ( ! ,new ,philosophy1 :i* 0 n introduc$ until ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 aft] ,desc>tes1 ,gass5di1 ,b]ni]1 & "s o!rs _h expla9$ its pr9ciples 9 a ju/] & cle>] way ?an did ! anci5t philosoph]s1 :o wi%$ to pres]ve _! secrets1 z !y affect$ a my/]i\s obscurity 9 favor ( ! initiat$4 ,! au?or himself1 9 ! fifte5 *apt] ( 8 "w1 names ,desc>tes1 & combats ! argum5ts ( ?is great man on ! subject ( ! s\l4 ,nei!r ,pi]re des ,vignes1 nor any ( ^? :om !y h attempt$ to pass (f z ! au?or ( ?is book1 c\ld h reason$ accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ! new ,philosophy1 :i* 0 n introduc$ till aft] !y _h writt54 ,to :om !n mu/ ! "w be attribut$8 ,we mu/ conclude t x _c be ( ! same date z ! %ort lett] pr9t$ at ,leyd51 #agag4 ,b ano!r difficulty occurs4 ,t5tzelius1 :o wrote 9 #afhi1 also gives an extract f ?is book ^u ! cr$it ( a pret5d$ ocul> witness4 ,b )\t attempt+ to fix ! date ( ?is book1 :i* is said to h be5 compos$ 9 ,lat9 & pr9t$2 ! small ,fr5* manuscript treatise1 :e!r x _h ev] be5 writt5 9 t language or :e!r x is translat$ f ! ,lat91 7:i* is difficult to believe17 _c be ( a v anci5t date4 ,?is is n ! only book compos$ "u ?is title & ^u ! same subject4 ,a man ^: "* & pr(ession ought to h l$ him to engage 9 matt]s m decor\s1 compos$ a great "w 79 ,fr5*7 "u ! same title4 ,9 8 preface he says t x is long s9ce he _h he>d ( ,! ,?ree ,impo/ors1 b t he _h nev] f\nd any "p ( x1 :e!r !re _h nev] exi/$ su* a "w1 or :e!r x be lo/2 !re=e he attempts to re/ore x by writ+ on ! same subject4 ,8 "w is v long1 v we>isome1 & v badly writt52 ) little pr9ciples & less argum5t4 ,x is a confus$ jumble ( all ! invectives & calumnies circulat$ aga9/ ! ,?ree ,legislators4 ,! manuscript 0 9 two volumes folio1 ?ick1 & legible en\gh1 al?\gh 9 small *>act]s--! book is divid$ into a great _m *apt]s4 ,ano!r simil> manuscript 0 f\nd aft] ! dea? ( a nobleman4 ,?is gave rise to an attempt to seize ! au?or :o hav+ be5 in=m$ ( x took c>e t no?+ %\ld be f\nd among 8 pap]s to convict him4 ,aft]w>ds he liv$ 9 a mona/]y "u p5ance4 ,9 #agcc he recov]$ 8 lib]ty & enjoy$ a rev5ue ( #bej livres f ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,liqu>ie1 9 addition to a res]v$ "o ( #cej livres f 8 b5efice4 ,8 "n 0 ,guillaume1 ,cure ( ,fresne-sur-,b]ny1 & ! bro!r ( a lab\r] 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,he 0 at "o "t ,reg5t ( ! ,college ( ,montaigu2 9 8 y\? he _h be5 a dragoon1 & !n he became a ,capu*94 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,treatise4 ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,( ,god4 ,! false ideas :i* m5 h =m$ ( ! ,div9ity4 ,in/ead ( consult+ reason & common s5se1 !y h _h ! weakness to believe 9 ! op9ions1 rev]ies1 & visions ( p>ties ^: int]e/ x 0 to deceive !m1 & to keep !m 9 ignorance & sup]/ition4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,on ! reasons :i* h l$ m5 to believe 9 a ,div9ity4 ,f ! ignorance z to physical causes1 & ! t]ror produc$ by accid5ts1 rational en\gh b extraord9>y or fe>ful1 has aris5 ! belief 9 "s invisible p[]2 a belief1 ( :i* ,politicians & ,impo/ors h n fail$ to take advantage4 ,enquiry into ! nature ( ,god4 ,belief 9 f9al causes refut$ z contr>y to s\nd ,natural ,philosophy4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,on ! mean+ ( ! ^w ,!ology4 ,h[1 & = :at purpose1 s _m ,religions h be5 introduc$ into ! _w4 ,all ,religions ! "w ( ,politicians4 ,me?od :i* ,moses took to e/abli% ! ,jewi% ,religion4 ,enquiry into ! ,nativity ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 ,8 ,politics--8 ,morality--& 8 ,reputation aft] 8 dea?4 ,artifices ( ,mahomet to e/abli%$ 8 ,religion4 ,success ( ?is impo/or great] ?an t ( ,*ri/4 ,,*ap4 ,,iv4 ,tru? evid5t & obvi\s to ! s5ses4 ,idea ( an univ]sal ,be+4 ,attributes ascrib$ to him 9 all religi\s sy/ems1 g5]ally incompatible ) 8 ess5ce1 & unsuit$ to ! nature ( man4 ,notion ( a life to come & ( ! exi/5ce ( ,spirits1 combat$ & reject$4 ,,*ap4 ,v4 ,on ! ,s\l4 ,diff]5t op9ions ( ! ,anci5t ,philosoph]s on ! nature ( ! ,s\l4 ,argum5ts ( ,desc>tes refut$4 ,au?or's exposition on ! subject4 ,,*ap4 ,,vi4 ,on ! ,spirits nam$ ,demons4 ,orig9 & falsity ( ! op9ions z to _! exi/5ce4 ,a ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,?ree ,,impo/ors4 ,,*ap4 ,i4--,,( ,,god4 #a4 ,al?\gh x is important t all m5 %\ld "k ! tru?1 !re are nev]!less few :o enjoy ?is advantage2 "s are incapable ( f9d+ x out unassi/$1 & o!rs w n put !mselves to ! tr\ble4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at !re=e1 if ! _w is fill$ ) va9 & absurd op9ions2 & no?+ is m adapt$ to spread !m ?an ignorance1 :i* is ! sole orig9ator ( ! false ideas :i* prevail z to ! ,div9ity1 ! ,s\l1 ! exi/5ce ( ,spirits1 & almo/ all ! o!r subjects :i* g to make up ,!ology4 ,cu/om is p[]ful--m5 re/ cont5t$ 9 ! prejudices ( _! bir?1 & leave ! c>e ( ! mo/ ess5tial matt]s to int]e/$ p>ties1 :o make x a rule to uphold ) bigotry ! receiv$ op9ions1 & :o d>e n ov]turn !m le/ 9 s do+ !y %\ld de/roy !mselves4 #b4 ,:at r5d]s ! evil )\t rem$y is ?is1 t1 aft] hav+ e/abli%$ ^! false ideas ( ! ,div9ity1 !y neglect no plan to compel ! p to believe 9 !m1 )\t p]mitt+ any "o to exam9e = himself4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y h excit$ a hatr$ aga9/ philosoph]s--! truly le>n$1 le/ ! doctr9es :i* !y w\ld tea* %\ld lead to ! exposure ( ^? errors 9 :i* !y h plung$ mank9d4 ,! advocates ( ^! fooli% notions h succe$$ s well1 t x is dang]\s to combat !m4 ,x is too mu* ! int]e/ ( ^? impo/ors t ! p be ignorant1 to p]mit !m to become enlight5$4 ,?us ! tru? mu/ ei!r be kept 9 abeyance1 or its promot]s be prep>$ to be sacrific$ at ! %r9e ( a false philosophy1 & to suff] f ! rage ( grovell+ & int]e/$ m9ds4 #c4 ,if ! p c\ld und]/& into :at an abyss !y are sunk by ignorance1 !y w\ld spe$ily %ake (f ! yoke ( _! unwor?y lead]s1 = x is impossible n to discov] ! tru? :5 reason is left to its unre/ra9$ ex]cise4 ,^! deceiv]s are s well aw>e ( ?is1 t to prev5t ! good effects :i* ,tru? w\ld infallibly produce1 !y h pa9t$ x z a mon/] incapable ( giv+ rise to any virtu\s s5tim5t2 al?\gh1 9 g5]al t]ms1 !y condemn unreasonable p1 !y w\ld nev]!less be mu* disconc]t$ if ! tru? 7 he>d4 ,?us ^! sworn enemies to common s5se are p]petually fall+ into contradictions1 & x is difficult to discov] at :at !y are aim+4 ,if x be true t reason is ! only light :i* m5 ought to foll[1 & if ! p are n s incapable ( judg+ z !y wi% u to believe1 x ought to be ! object ( ^? :o in/ruct !m to endeav\r to rectify ! false reason+s1 & to uproot _! prejudices2 !n _! eyes w\ld be gradually op5$ & _! m9ds conv9c$ t ! ,deity is by no means :at is g5]ally suppos$4 #d4 ,to atta9 ?is1 !re is no ne$ = l(ty speculations1 nor = p5etrat+ f> into ! my/]ies ( nature4 ,x requires only a little common s5se to p]ceive t ! ,deity is nei!r *ol]ic nor jeal\s2 t ju/ice & m]cy are alike falsely consid]$ z 8 attributes2 & t1 all t ! ,prophets & ,apo/les h said give u no in=mation ei!r z to 8 nature1 or to 8 ess5ce4 ,9 %ort to speak pla9ly & to put ! matt] on its prop] foot+1 x w be all[$ t ^! tea*]s 7 nei!r m able nor bett] in/ruct$ ?an ! re/ ( mank9d2 s f> f t be+ ! case1 :at !y advance reg>d+ ! ,deity is s gross t ! p mu/ be altoge!r ignorant to cr$it x4 ,al?\gh ?is is app>5t en\gh we w attempt to expla9 x m at l5g?1 by inquir+1 if !re is any evid5ce t ! ,prophets & ,apo/les 7 diff]5tly con/itut$ f o!r m54 #e4 ,x is agre$1 t z f> z desc5t1 & ! common duties ( life are implicat$1 !y possess$ no quality to m>k !m out f ! re/ ( mank9d4 ,!y 7 begott5 by m51 !y 7 born ( wom51 & !y su/a9$ !mselves z we d 9 ! pres5t day4 ,9 ref]5ce to _! m9ds1 p w\ld h u believe t ,god dealt ) ^! prophets 9 a way diff]+ f t :]e9 he deals ) ord9>y mortals1 & t he disclos$ himself to !m 9 a mann] q exclusive4 ,_m p]sons consid] ?is matt] z a prov$ & asc]ta9$ fact1 )\t reflect+ t e man may meet 8 c\nt]p>t1 & t we h "o common orig92 endeav\r+ at ! same "t to p]suade u t ^! m5 7 ca/ 9 no common m\ld & t !y 7 select$ by ! ,deity to proclaim 8 oracles4 ,n[1 ap>t f ! consid]ation t ^! inspir$ p 7 gift$ ) only an av]age intellect1 & ) an und]/&+ n mu* above ! common1 :at d we f9d 9 _! writ+s to ju/ify u 9 =m+ s exalt$ an op9ion ( !m8 ,! matt] ( :i* !y treat is = ! mo/ "p s obscure t no "o c compreh5d x1 & ?r[n toge!r ) s little ord] t x is easy to p]ceive !y did n und]/& x !mselves2 ! :ole %[+ t !y 7 bo? knaves & fools4 ,_! impud5ce 9 boa/+ t :atev] !y ann\nc$ to ! p came imm$iately f ,god1 gave rise to ! respect :i* 0 paid to !m4 ,?is ass]tion on _! "p 0 equally absurd & ridicul\s1 see+ t accord+ to _! own decl>ation ,god only spoke to !m 9 dreams4 ,!re is no?+ m natural ?an t a man %\ld dream2 b a man mu/ be v impud5t1 v va91 & v /upid1 to say t ,god speaks to him 9 ?is mann]1 & a poor & cr$ul\s fool mu/ he be :o %\ld yield cr$5ce to su* an ass]tion1 & receive ! dreams ( su* vision>ies = heav5ly oracles4 ,suppose = a mom5t t ! ,deity 7 to hold int]c\rse ) a man by dreams1 or visions1 or 9 any o!r way we c ?9k (2 nobody is oblig$ to believe ?is on ! m]e ass]tion ( a fell[-creature equally subject to error ) himself1 & moreov]1 fallible 9 ! way ( ly+ & impo/ure4 ,accord+ly we f9d t "u ! anci5t law1 ! prophets 7 held 9 f> less repute ?an !y are at ! pres5t day4 ,:5 p got we>i$ ( _! babble1 :i* (t5 only t5d$ to spread revolt & to turn aside subjects f ob$i5ce to _! sov]eigns1 !y sil5c$ !m by puni%m5t4 ,jesus ,*ri/ himself did n escape *a/isem5t1 = he _h n1 l ,moses #bb1 an army at 8 back to def5d 8 op9ions4 ,add to ?is1 t ! prophets 7 s mu* accu/om$ to contradict ea* o!r1 t out ( f\r hundr$ ( !m n "o true or tru?-speak+ man c\ld be f\nd4 #bc ,moreov] x is c]ta9 t ! drift ( _! prophesies1 l t ( ! laws promulgat$ by ! mo/ celebrat$ legislators1 0 to immortalize _! memory by p]suad+ p t !y _h conf]5ces ) ! ,div9ity4 ,! mo/ subtle politicians h inv>iably play$ ! same game1 al?\gh ?is ruse has n succe$$ ) e "o z x did ) ,moses4 #f4 ,?is be+ settl$1 let u exam9e = a little ! idea :i* ! ,prophets h =m$ ( ! ,deity4 ,accord+ to _! acc\nt1 ,god is a be+ purely corporeal4 ,mi*ael saw him seat$2 ,daniel beheld him clo!d 9 :ite1 & "u ! =m ( an ,old ,man2 ,ezekiel p]ceiv$ him z a ,fire3 s mu* = ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,) respect to ! ,new1 ! disciples ( ,jesus ,*ri/ imag9$ t !y saw him 9 ! =m ( a ,dove2 ! ,apo/les1 l ,tongues ( ,fire2 & f9ally1 ,/4 ,paul beheld him z a ,light1 :i* dazzl$ & bl9d$ him4 ,!n z to _! contradictory /atem5ts2 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis #bd we are in=m$ t man is ! ma/] ( 8 own actions1 & t x only dep5ds ^u himself to d :at is "r4 ,/4 ,paul on ! o!r h& ass]ts t man has no control ov] 8 evil prop5sities )\t ! p>ticul> grace ( ,god4 ,samuel #be decl>es t ! ,deity rep5t$ ( ! evil :i* he _h br\ght on m53 & ,j]emiah #bf affirms t he rep5t$1 or on c]ta9 conditions t he w\ld rep5t1 ( ! good :i* he _h done !m4 ,su* are ! false & contradictory ideas :i* ^? pret5d]s to inspiration give u ( ! div9ity2 & :i* !y wi% u to adopt )\t reflect+ t !y repres5t ! ,deity z a s5sitive ,be+1 mat]ial1 & subject to l passions ) ourselves4 ,next !y in=m u t ,god has no?+ 9 common ) matt]1 & t 8 nature is altoge!r incompreh5sible by u4 ,x w\ld be important to le>n h[ ^! manife/ & irrational contradictions c be reconcil$2 & :e!r we ought to put mu* fai? 9 ! evid5ce ( a p :o1 9 spite ( ! s]mons ( ,moses1 7 /upid en\gh to believe t a calf 0 _! ,god6 ,)\t dwell+ on ! rev]ies ( a p cradl$ 9 bondage & br\ght up 9 absurdity1 x is suffici5t to rem>k1 t ignorance has produc$ a belief 9 all ! impo/ures & errors :i* prevail among/ u at ! pres5t day4 ,,*ap4 ,,ii4 ,,on ,,! ,,reasons ,,:i* ,,h ,,l$ ,,mank9d ,,to ,,believe ,,9 ,a ,,div9ity4 #a4 ,^? :o are ignorant ( physical causes h a natural fe> #bg1 proce$+ f a re/lessness 9 _! m9ds1 z to :e!r !re exi/s a ,be+ or an ,ag5cy invisible to !m1 :o has ! p[] to injure !m or to d !m good4 ,h5ce ! t5d5cy :i* !y h to feign unse5 causes1 :i* are only ! phantoms ( _! imag9ation--:om !y deprecate 9 adv]sity & ?ank 9 prosp]ity4 ,!y make ,gods ( !m = ?is purpose2 & ?is *im]ical fe> ( invisible ,p[]s is ! s\rce ( ^? ,religions :i* e "o =ms aft] 8 own fa%ion4 ,^? ^: int]e/ x is t ! p %\ld re/ cont5t$ly fett]$ by su* rev]ies1 h fo/]$ _! spread--h f\nd$ laws ^u !m--& f9ally r$uc$ ! p by ! t]rors ( futurity to a bl9d ob$i5ce4 #b4 ,! orig9 ( ! ,gods be+ discov]$1 m5 next imag9$ t !y resembl$ !mselves1 & t !y inv>iably act$ ) a c]ta9 end 9 view4 ,?us !y unanim\sly said & believ$1 t ,god only works = man's beho(2 & reciprocally1 t man is only creat$ = ,god4 ,?is prejudice is g5]al ev5 9 ! pres5t day1 & :5 we reflect on ! influ5ce :i* x mu/ necess>ily h on ! mann]s & op9ions ( m5 we may cle>ly p]ceive t f x h aris5 ^? false ideas :i* m5 h =m$ to !mselves1 ( good & evil1 ( m]it & dem]it1 ( praise & blame1 ( ord] & confusion1 ( beauty & de=mity1 & a ?\s& o!r simil> matt]s4 #c4 ,x mu/ be agre$ t all m5 are 9 a /ate ( pr(\nd ignorance at _! bir?1 & t _! only natural wi% is to seek t :i* is pleasant & pr(itable to !m4--,h5ce x foll[s1 #a/1 ,t !y believe x suffici5t = !m t !y are free1 & t !y feel )9 !mselves ! p[] ( volition & desire1 )\t tr\bl+ !mselves z to ! causes :i* effect ?is volition & ?is desire2 because !y "k !m n4 #b;dly1 ,z m5 only aim at "o object :5 !y pref] x to all o!rs1 !y s\ght to asc]ta9 ! f9al causes ( _! actions1 imag9+ t aft] ^! 7 discov]$ !re w\ld be little room = d\bt2 & z !y f\nd )9 !mselves & )\t !mselves abundant means ( arriv+ at ! end propos$--! eye con/ruct$ = vision1 ! e> = he>+2 a sun above !m to give !m light & heat2 !y conclud$ t !re 0 no?+ 9 nature :i* 0 n made = !m & :i* !y c\ld n enjoy & dispose (2 b z !y well knew t !y 7 n ! creators ( ^! ?+s1 !y ?\ght t !y 7 ju/ifi$ 9 imag9+ a ,supreme ,be+1 ! au?or ( all2 9 "o ^w !y conceiv$ t ev]y?+ 9 exi/5ce 0 ! "w ( "o1 or ( m ,div9ities4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! nature ( ! ,gods :om m5 ackn[l$g$ be+ unkn[n to !m1 !y believ$ t !y 7 susceptible ( l passions ) !mselves2 & z ! natural dispositions ( m5 are diff]5t1 e "o r5d]$ to 8 ,div9ity a wor%ip accord+ to 8 fancy1 ) ! view ( draw+ d[n 8 bless+s1 & mak+ univ]sal nature subs]vi5t to 8 own desires4 #d4 ,9 ?is mann] prejudice 0 *ang$ into sup]/ition4 ,x 0 root$ 9 su* a way t ! mo/ ignorant p believ$ !mselves capable ( expla9+ ! doctr9e ( f9al causes1 z if !y _h an entire k ( !m4--,?us1 in/ead ( prov+ t ,nature did no?+ 9 va91 !y imag9$ t ,god & ,nature ?\ght aft] ! mann] ( m54 ,exp]i5ce taught !m t an inf9ite numb] ( calamities di/urb$ ! pleasures ( life--/orms1 e>?quakes1 plagues1 hung]1 ?ir/1 c4 ,!y attribut$ all ^! evils to div9e wra?1 & believ$ t ! ,deity 0 irritat$ aga9/ mank9d = _! (f5ces2 nor c\ld ! daily occurr+ examples :i* prove t good & evil happ5 alike to ! j & unju/1 disabuse !m ( _! prejudices4 ,?is error prevail$1 because !y f\nd x easi] to rema9 9 _! natural ignorance1 ?an to dive/ !mselves ( notions e/abli%$ = s _m ages2 & to adopt some?+ 9 _! /ead1 hav+ at lea/ ! appe>ance ( tru?4 #e4 ,?is prejudice conduct$ !m /raightway to ano!r1 :i* 01 t all ! judgm5ts ( ,god 7 incompreh5sible2 & t consequ5tly !y 7 beyond ! cognizance ( tru?1 & above ! /r5g? ( human reason2 a mi/ake :i* w\ld h exi/$ at ! pres5t day1 if ma!matical k1 natural philosophy1 & o!r sci5ces _h n ext+ui%$ x4 #f4 ,!re is no necessity = a long diss]tation to prove t nature nev] aims at any def9ite end1 & t all ^! f9al causes are only human fictions4 ,x is suffici5t to %[ t ?is doctr9e deprives ! ,deity ( all ! p]fections :i* h be5 attribut$ to him2 & ?is we w endeavor to d4 ,if ,god acts = an end1 ei!r = himself or = any o!r be+1 he desires t :i* he does n possess2 & x mu/ be grant$ f ^! premises t1 z !re 0 a "t :5 ,god _h no object = :i* to act1 he wi%$ to h "o2 t is to say1 t he /ood 9 ne$ ( some?+4 ,b n to ov]look any?+ :i* may /r5g!n ! argum5ts ( ^? :o ma9ta9 ! opposite op9ion1 suppose1 = a mom5t1 t a /one deta*$ f a battlem5t fell ^u an individual & kill$ him2 x proves1 say our oppon5ts1 t ?is /one fell = ! purpose ( kill+ ?is p]son1 because x c\ld n s h happ5$ unless ,god _h wi%$ x4 ,if we reply t x 0 ! w9d :i* caus$ its fall at ! "t :5 ! un=tunate individual 0 pass+1 !y dem& at once1 h[ x happ5$ t he 0 pass+ exactly at ! "t :5 ! w9d br\ght d[n ! /one4 ,we answ]1 t he 0 on 8 way to d9e ) a fri5d :o _h invit$ him2 !y wi% to "k :y 8 fri5d _h invit$ him on t day r ?an on any o!r4 ,!y put 9 ?is mann] an inf9itude ( absurd que/ions to =ce y to confess t ! w ( ,god alone 7:i* is ! refuge ( ! ignorant7 0 ! real cause ( ! fall ( ?is /one4 ,:5 !y exam9e ! /ructure ( ! human body1 !y fall into ec/acies2 b because !y are ignorant ( ! causes ( ^? effects :i* appe> to !m s m>vell\s1 !y conclude t x mu/ be a sup]natural effect1 :5 ! causes :i* are kn[n to u acc\nt = x4 ,?is is ! reason :y ! man :o wi%es deeply to exam9e ! works ( creation1 & l a true philosoph] to p5etrate into _! natural causes1 irrespective ( ^? prejudices :i* ignorance has creat$1 is br&$ z an infidel1 or spe$ily clam\r$ d[n by ! malice ( ^? :om ! vulg> ackn[l$ge z ! int]pret]s ( ,nature & ( ! ,gods4 ,^! m]c5>y spirits are well aw>e t ! ignorance :i* holds ! p 9 wond]m5t1 is t :i* gives !m bread1 & upholds _! cr$it4 #g4 ,m5 be+ ?us imbu$ ) ! ridicul\s op9ion t e ?+ :i* !y behold is creat$ = !mselves1 h made x a po9t ( religion to engross e ?+1 & to judge ( its value by ! pr(it :i* x br+s4 ,accord+ly !y h inv5t$ notions :i* d !m s]vice 9 expla9+ ! nature ( ?+s1 & enable !m to judge ( good & evil1 ord] & disord]1 heat & cold1 beauty & ugl9ess1 c4 :i* are by no means :at !y imag9e4 ,because !y are able to frame _! ideas 9 ?is way1 !y ?9k t !y are 9 a position to judge ( praise & blame2 ( good & evil4 ,!y call t good :i* respects _! div9e wor%ip1 & turns to _! own pr(it2 & t :i* does nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r !y d5om9ate evil2 & because ! ignorant are incapable ( judg+1 & h no conception ( any ?+ save ?r\gh ! m$ium ( _! imag9ation1 :i* !y mi/ake = judgm5t1 !y tell u t no?+ c be le>n$ f nature1 & =?) inv5t a p>ticul> arrangem5t ( ! _w4 ,9 %ort !y ?9k t matt]s are ill or well con/itut$ accord+ to ! facility or ! difficulty :i* !y h 9 conceiv+ ( !m :5 pres5t$ to !m ?r\gh ! m$ium ( _! s5ses4 ,p are be/ pleas$ ) :at gives lea/ fatigue to ! bra94 ,^! individuals h wisely resolv$ to pref] ord] to confusion1 z if ord] 7 any ?+ else ?an a pure fiction ( ! imag9ation4 ,?us to say t ! ,deity has made e ?+ ) ord]1 is to pret5d t x is 9 fav\r ( ! human imag9ation t he has creat$ ! _w 9 a mann] ! mo/ easy = x to =m a conception (2--or1 :i* is ! same ?+1 t !y "k ) c]ta9ty all ! relations & all ! designs ( :atev] exi/s2 an ass]tion too absurd to m]it any s]i\s refutation4 #h4 ,) respect to _! o!r op9ions1 !y are purely ! result ( ?is same imag9ation1 hav+ no basis 9 reality1 & be+ only diff]5t modifications ( :i* t faculty is susceptible4 ,?us1 :5 ! impressions made ^u ! n]v\s sy/em ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ! eyes are agreeable1 !y pron\nce t ! objects view$ are beautiful4 ,smells are good or bad2 ta/es are sweet or bitt]1 ?+s t\*$ are h>d or s(t1 accord+ z ! s5sation produc$ is unpleasant or o!rwise--z sc5ts1 & ta/es1 & contact1 & s\nds affect ! sy/em4 ,foll[+ up ^! ideas1 m5 h believ$ t ! ,deity is pleas$ ) melody1 :ile o!rs h believ$ t all ! movem5ts ( ! cele/ial bodies 7 "o h>moni\s conc]t2 a pro(1 t ^! m5 are p]suad$ t ?+s are really su* z !y conceive !m to be1 or t ! _w is entirely ideal4--,x is n to be wond]$ at !re=e1 if we sc>cely ev] meet ) two individuals ( ! same op9ion3 inde$ "s make x _! boa/ to d\bt ( e ?+2 =1 al?\gh all m5 h a simil> bodily con=mation1 & resemble ea* o!r 9 _m respects1 !re are /ill z _m respects 9 :i* !y diff]4 ,accord+ly x mu/ foll[1 t :at pleases ?is p>ty displeases t2 & :at appe>s good to "o man appe>s evil to ano!r4--,we mu/ conclude !re=e1 t _! v>i\s op9ions mu/ be attribut$ to _! diff]5t organizations & ! div]sity ( _! co-exi/5ces--t reason has little connection ) !m2 & 9 %ort1 t _! conceptions ( ! mat]ial _w are ! decid$ results ( imag9ation4 #i4 ,x is !re=e evid5t1 t all ! reason+s :i* ! g5]ality ( mank9d are accu/om$ to employ :5 !y set !mselves to expla9 :at nature is1 are only _! own modes ( imag9+ t :i* is mo/ uncalculat$ to make good _! own position4 ,!y give names to _! ideas1 z if !y exi/$ 9 any o!r qu>t] ?an 9 _! own prejudic$ bra92 b in/ead ( call+ !m m]e *im]as1 !y designate !m ,be+s4 ,!re is extremely little difficulty 9 refut+ ! argum5ts gr\nd$ on su* op9ions4 ,if x is true1 z !y advance1 t ! univ]se is no?+ m ?an an emanation f1 or simply a necess>y consequ5ce to1 ! ,div9e nature1 :5ce spr+ ^? imp]fections & defaults :i* we p]ceive 9 x8 ,?is objection is easily answ]$4 ,x is impossible = m5 to judge ( ! p]fection or imp]fection ( any ,be+1 )\t a ?or\gh k ( 8 nature & ess5ce #bh1 & x is a /range abuse ( t]ms to ass]t t any ?+ is m or less p]fect accord+ z x pleases or displeases1 or z x is useful or noxi\s to human nature4 ,to t]m9ate ! argum5t ) ^? :o dem& :y ,god has n creat$ all m5 good & happy1 x is suffici5t to /ate t e ?+ is necess>ily :at x is2 & t1 9 nature !re is no imp]fection1 s9ce all fl[s f ! necessity ( ?+s4 #aj4 ,?is be+ e/abli%$1 if x is ask$1 ,:at !n is ,god8 ,i answ] t ! ^w imports t univ]sal ,be+ 9 :om1 z ,/4 ,paul says1 we live1 & move1 & h our be+4 #bi ,?is op9ion conveys no unwor?y notions ( ! ,div9ity1 = if all ?+s are 9 ,god1 all ?+s mu/ necess>ily fl[ f 8 ess5ce1 & consequ5tly be ( su* ess5ce z he himself2 = x is impossible to conceive t be+s entirely mat]ial %\ld be ma9ta9$ & compreh5d$ 9 a ,be+ :o is n s4 ,?is op9ion is n new4 ,t]tullian1 "o ( ! mo/ le>n$ ( ! ,*ri/ian fa!rs1 ma9ta9$ 9 8 disc\rse aga9/ ,appelles1 t :atev] is n corporeal is no?+2 & 9 t aga9/ ,praxeas t e ,exi/5ce is a body4 ,he adds1 :o w d5y t ,god is a body1 al?\gh ,god is a ,_s #cj8 ,x is ( importance to obs]ve t ?is doctr9e 0 n condemn$ 9 any ( ! f\r fir/ ,o,ecumenical or ,g5]al ,c\ncils ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 #ca #aa4 ,^! ideas are cle> & simple1 & ! only ones :i* an unbias$ m9d c =m ( ,god4 ,h[ev]1 !re are few cont5t$ ) ?is simplicity4 ,a gross p accu/om$ to ! gratification ( _! s5ses1 h conceiv$ t ,god resembles ! k+s ( ! e>?4 ,t pomp & spl5dor :i* surr\nd ! latt] h dazzl$ !m s mu*1 t to uproot ! idea t ,god has no resemblance :atev] to e>?ly sov]eigns1 w\ld be to deprive !m ( ! hope ( meet+ cele/ial c\rti]s1 & ( enjoy+ 9 _! company1 ! same pleasures :i* !y _h ta/$ at regal c\rts2 x w\ld take f !m ! only consolation :i* keeps !m f despair amid/ ! mis]ies ( ?is life4 ,!y ass]t t ,god mu/ be a j & av5g+ ,be+ :o puni%es & recomp5ses--!y repres5t him z susceptible ( e human passion--!y depict him ) feet1 ) h&s1 ) eyes & ) e>s1 & yet ma9ta9 t he is an immat]ial ,be+4 ,!y quote ,scripture to prove t man is *ief ( ,god's works bel[1 & =m$ 9 8 own image2 & d5y t ! copy has ! slighte/ resemblance to ! orig9al4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,god ( ! p 9 ! pres5t day1 z repres5t$ by !mselves1 is subject to m trans=mations ?an ! ,pagan ,jupit]4 ,:at is /ill m /range is ?is1 t ! m ^! op9ions contradict ea* o!r & outrage common s5se1 ! m are !y rev]$ by ! vulg>1 :o uphold ) bigotry :atev] _! prophets h en\nc$1 al?\gh ^! vision>ies only held ! same place among ! ,hebrews1 z did ! augurs & soo?say]s among/ ! pagans4 ,!y consult ! ,bible z if ,god & ,nature _h expla9$ x to !m exclusively1 al?\gh x is only a tissue ( fragm5ts ga!r$ toge!r at v>i\s p]iods1 & by diff]5t p]sons1 & publi%$ "u ! c5sor%ip ( ! ,rabbis4 #cb ,^!1 at _! pleasure1 decid$ z to :at ought to be approv$ (1 & :at1 reject$2 accord+ z !y f\nd x agreeable or oppos$ to ! law ( ,moses4 ,su* is ! malice & ! folly ( mank9d4 ,!y sp5d _! lives 9 quibbles1 & p]si/ 9 rev]5c+ a book :i* has sc>cely m arrangem5t ?an ! ,alcoran ( ,mahomet--a book :i* f its obscurity nobody und]/&s1 & :i* has only s]v$ to fom5t divisions4 ,! ,jew & ,*ri/ians love f> bett] to consult ?is leg]dema9 book1 ?an to li/5 to t :i* ,god1 t is to say ,nature 7inasmu* z x is ! orig9 ( all ?+s7 has writt5 on _! he>ts4 ,all o!r laws are m]ely human figm5ts--palpable illusions set abroad1 n by demons or evil spirits1 :i* are ! creations ( ! fancy1 b by ! policy ( pr9ces1 & ! craft ( prie/s4 ,! =m] h /riv5 9 ?is way to add weight to _! au?ority2 & ! latt] h be5 cont5t$ to enri* !mselves by ! sale ( an inf9itude ( *im]ical notions1 :i* !y v5d at a de> rate to _! ignorant foll[]s4 ,no o!r code ( laws :i* has foll[$ t ( ,moses1 except ! ,*ri/ian1 has be5 bas$ ^u t ,bible ! orig9al ( :i* c\ld nev] be discov]$1 :i* relates to ?+s sup]natural & impossible1 & :i* speaks ( rew>ds & puni%m5ts = actions good or bad1 b wisely po/pones !m till an aft] life1 le/ ! impo/ure %\ld be detect$2 = no "o has ev] return$ f ! grave4 ,?us ! p1 kept always fluctuat+ betwe5 hope & fe>1 are held 9 bondage by ! belief t ,god has creat$ mank9d = no o!r purpose ?an t ( r5d]+ !m et]nally happy or ev]la/+ly mis]able4 ,?is is ! orig9 ( ! va/ numb] ( religions :i* prevail 9 ! _w4 ,,*ap4 ,,iii4 ,,on ,,! ,,mean+ ,,( ,,! ,,^w ,,religion2 ,,h[1 ,,& ,,= ,,:at ,,purpose1 ,,s ,,_m ,,religions ,,h ,,be5 ,,introduc$ ,,into ,,! ,,_w4 #a4 ,be=e ! t]m ,religion 0 introduc$ into ! _w1 mank9d foll[$ ! law ( ,nature1 t is1 !y liv$ con=mably to ,reason4 ,in/9ct 0 ! only bond by :i* m5 7 unit$2 & ?is bond1 simple z x is1 0 s /rong t divisions 7 r>e4 ,b aft] t]ror l$ !m to suspect t !re 7 ,gods & invisible ,p[]s1 !y built alt>s to ! imag9>y be+s1 & %ak+ (f ! yoke ( reason & ( ,nature1 !y b5d$ !mselves by fooli% c]emonies1 & by a sup]/iti\s wor%ip ( ! idle phantoms :i* !mselves _h imag9$4 ,su* 0 ! orig9 ( ! ^w ,religion1 :i* has made s mu* noise 9 ! _w4 ,aft] hav+ admitt$ ! exi/5ce ( ^! invisible ,ag5cies1 m5 wor%ipp$ !m to depreciate _! ang]1 & moreov] !y believ$ t nature 0 "u ! control ( ^! ,p[]s4 ,aft]w>ds !y came to reg>d !mselves z in]t matt]1 or z slaves :o c\ld only act "u ! comm&s ( ^! imag9>y be+s4 ,?is false idea hav+ obta9$ possession ( _! m9ds1 !y began to exhibit m contempt = nature1 & m respect = ^? :om !y call$ _! ,gods4 ,h5ce sprung t ignorance 9 :i* s _m nations 7 imm]s$--an ignorance f :i*1 h[ev] pr(\nd1 ! true philosoph]s might h fre$ !m1 if !y _h n be5 always ?w>t$ by ^? :o l$ ! bl9d1 & ?rove by _! own impo/ures4 ,n[1 al?\gh !re 7 little appe>ance ( success 9 our und]tak+1 we mu/ n =sake ! cause ( tru?4 ,a g5]\s m9d w speak ( ?+s z !y really are1 out ( reg>d to ^? :o exhibit symptoms ( ?is malady4 ,! tru?1 :atev] its nature may be1 c nev] be injuri\s2 :]eas error1 al?\gh at ! "t app>5tly innoc5t & ev5 useful1 mu/ f9ally t]m9ate 9 ! mo/ disa/r\s results4 #b4 ,t]ror hav+ ?us creat$ ! ,gods1 m5 wi%$ to asc]ta9 _! nature1 & conceiv+ t !y mu/ be ( ! same sub/ance z ! ,s\l1 :i* !y ?\ght 0 l ! appe>ances 9 a mirror1 or ! phantoms ( sleep1 !y believ$ t _! ,gods 7 real sub/ances1 b s ?9 & subtle t to di/+ui% !m f ,bodies !y nam$ !m ,spirits2 al?\gh ,bodies & ,spirits are 9 tru? "o & ! same ?+1 = x is impossible to imag9e an incorporeal ,_s4 ,e _s has its prop] %ape1 :i* is inclos$ 9 "s body2 t is1 x has its limits1 & consequ5tly x is a body1 h[ev] subtle its nature4 #cc #c4 ,! ignorant1 t is ! majority ( mank9d1 hav+ ?us det]m9$ ! nature & sub/ance ( _! ,gods1 endeav\r$ next to discov] ! means by :i* ^! invisible ag5ts act$2 & unable to arrive at ?is because ( _! ignorance1 !y _h rec\rse to _! own conjectures1 judg+ bl9dly ( ! future f ! pa/4 ,h[ is x possible to draw rational conclusions f any ?+ :i* has =m]ly happ5$ 9 a c]ta9 way1 z to :at w happ5 h]eaft]1 see+ t all ! circum/ances & all ! causes :i* necess>ily influ5ce ev5ts & human actions1 are s exce$+ly diff]5t4 ,!y p]si/$ h[ev] 9 contemplat+ ! pa/1 & !y augur$ well or ill z to ! future1 accord+ z any =m] simil> und]tak+ _h be5 successful or o!rwise4 ,on ?is pr9ciple1 because ,phormis _h defeat$ ! ,lac$emonians at ! battle ( ,naupactus1 ! ,a!nians1 aft] 8 dea? appo9t$ ano!r comm&] ( ! same "n4 ,hannibal hav+ be5 conqu]$ by ,scipio ,africanus1 ! ,romans1 on acc\nt ( 8 success1 s5t to ! same prov9ce1 ,scipio ,cs>1 :o 0 unsuccessful bo? aga9/ ! ,greeks #cd & ! native =ces4 ,?us h _m nations1 aft] two or ?ree exp]im5ts1 only attribut$ _! bad or good =tune to places1 to objects1 & to names4 ,o!rs employ$ c]ta9 words :i* !y d5om9at$ spells1 :i* !y consid]$ efficaci\s en\gh to make trees speak1 to create a man or a ,god f a morsel ( bread1 & 9 %ort to metamorphose :atev] appe>$ be=e _! eyes4 #ce #d4 ,! empire ( ^! invisible p[]s be+ n[ e/abli%$1 m5 at fir/ did homage to !m z _! sov]eigns1 by m>ks ( submission & respect2 by gifts1 pray]s1 c4 ,i say1 at fir/1 = nature does n enjo9 bloody sacrifices = ?is purpose2 ^! 7 only in/itut$ = ! subsi/5ce ( prie/s1 & o!rs set ap>t = ! s]vices ( ^! imag9>y ,gods4 #e4 ,^! orig9ators ( ,religion1 viz4 ,hope & ,fe>1 aid$ by ! diff]5t op9ions & passions ( m51 h giv5 rise to a va/ numb] ( phanta/ical cre$s1 :i* h be5 ! cause ( s mu* mis*ief & ( s _m revolutions among ! nations4 ,! honor & ! rev5ues atta*$ to ! prie/hood1 or to ! m9i/]s ( ! ,gods1 h enc\rag$ ! ambition & av>ice ( cunn+ m5 :o knew h[ to pr(it by ! /upidity ( ! vulg>1 :om !y h got s mu* entangl$ 9 _! sn>es t !y h l$ !m ins5sibly into ! habit ( lov+ a lie & hat+ ! tru?4 #f4 ,a sy/em ( falsehood be+ e/abli%$1 ambiti\s m51 intoxicat$ ) ! pleasure ( be+ elevat$ above _! fell[ mortals1 attempt$ to add to _! reputation by feign+ t !y 7 ! fri5ds ( ^? invisible ,be+s :om ! common p s mu* fe>$4 ,! bett] to succe$ 9 ?is e "o repres5t$ !m aft] 8 fa%ion1 & !y all took ! lib]ty ( multiply+ !m to an ext5t almo/ incr$ible4 #g4 ,! rude un=m$ matt] ( ! _w 0 call$ ! ,god ,*aos4 ,9 ! same way !y deifi$ ! ,heav5s1 ! ,e>?1 ! ,sea1 ,fire1 ! ,w9ds & ,planets4 ,! same honor 0 conf]r$ on m5 & wom52 birds1 reptiles1 ! crocodile1 ! calf1 ! dog1 ! lamb1 ! s]p5t & ! sw9e1 9 fact1 all sorts ( plants & animals 7 wor%ipp$4 ,e riv]1 e f\nta91 bore ! "n ( "s deity2 e h\se _h its l>es & p5ates1 & e man 8 g5ius--all 0 fill$ above & bel[ ! e>? ) ,gods1 ,spirits1 ,%ad[s1 & ,demons4 ,nei!r 0 x en\gh to feign div9ities 9 e imag9able place4 ,!y outrage 9 ! same way1 ,"t1 ! ,day1 ! ,night1 ,victory1 ,/rife1 ,honor1 ,virtue1 ,heal?1 & ,sickness4 ,!y inv5t$ ^! ,div9ities t !y might repres5t !m z ready to take v5geance on ^? :o w\ld n be br\ght up 9 temples & at alt>s4 ,la/ly1 !y took to wor%ipp+ _! own ,g5ii2 "s invok$ !irs "u ! "n ( ! ,muses1 :ile o!rs1 "u t ( ,=tune1 wor%ipp$ _! own ignorance4 ,"s sanction$ _! lic5ti\sness "u ! "n ( ,cupid1 _! wra? "u t ( ! ,furies1 _! natural p>ts "u ! "n ( ,priapus2 9 "o ^w !re 0 no?+ to :i* !y did n give ! "n ( a ,god or a ,demon4 #h4 ,! f\nd]s ( ^! ,religions1 kn[+ well t _! impo/ures 7 bas$ ^u ! ignorance ( ! p1 took c>e to keep !m 9 x by ! adoration ( images 9 :i* !y feign$ t ! ,div9ities resid$4 ,?is ra9$ gold into ! c(f]s ( ! prie/hood1 & _! b5efices 7 consid]$ z sacr$ ?+s because !y belong$ to holy m9i/]s2 no "o hav+ ! ra%ness or audacity to aspire to !m4 ,! bett] to deceive mank9d1 ! prie/s pret5d$ to be div9ely inspir$ ,prophets1 capable ( p5etrat+ ! my/]ies ( futurity1 boa/+ t !y _h int]c\rse ) ! ,gods2 &1 z ! desire is natural to le>n "o's de/9y1 !y by no means fail$ to take advantage ( x4 ,"s 7 e/abli%$ at ,delos1 o!rs at ,delphi1 & 9 v>i\s places1 :]e 9 ambigu\s language !y answ]$ ! que/ions put to !m4 ,ev5 wom5 took a "p 9 ^! impo/ures1 & ! ,romans 9 _! greate/ difficulties consult$ ! ,sybill9e books4 ,^! knaves 7 really consid]$ inspir$4 ,^? :o feign$ t !y _h famili> comm]ce ) ! dead 7 call$ ,necromanc]s2 o!rs pret5d$ to asc]ta9 ! future f ! flight ( birds or ! entrails ( bea/s2 9 %ort !y c\ld draw a good or bad augury f almo/ e ?+1 ! eyes1 ! h&s1 ! c\nt5ance1 or any extraord9>y object4 ,s true x is t ignorance w receive any impression1 :5 m5 "k h[ to take advantage ( x4 #cf #i4 ,! ambiti\s1 :o h always be5 great ma/]s 9 ! art ( deceiv+1 h foll[$ ?is me?od 9 promulgat+ _! laws2 & to induce mank9d to give a volunt>y submission to !m1 !y h p]suad$ !m t !y receiv$ !m f "s ,god or ,goddess4 ,h[ev] great ! multitude ( ,div9ities1 among/ ^? :o wor%ipp$ !m1 & :o 7 d5om9at$ ,pagans1 !re 0 nev] any g5]ally e/abli%$ sy/em ( religion4 ,e republic1 e k+dom1 e city1 & e individual _h _! own prop] rites1 & conceiv$ ( ! ,div9ity aft] _! own phantasy4 ,b aft]w>ds !re arose legislatures m subtle ?an ! =m]1 & :o employ$ m skilful & sure plans 9 giv+ =? ! laws1 ! wor%ip1 & ! c]emonies calculat$ to n\ri% t fanaticism :i* x 0 _! object to e/abli%4 ,among/ a great numb]1 ,asia has produc$ ,,?ree1 di/+ui%$ z mu* by _! laws & ! wor%ip :i* !y e/abli%$1 z by ! ideas :i* !y h giv5 ( ! ,div9ity1 & ! me?ods :i* !y employ$ to confirm ^! ideas1 & to r5d] _! laws sacr$4--,moses 0 ! mo/ anci5t4 ,aft] him ,jesus ,*ri/ appe>$1 :o wr\ght ^u 8 plan & kept ! fundam5tal portion ( 8 laws1 b aboli%$ ! rema9d]4 ,mahomet1 :o appe>$ ! la/ ^u ! sc5e1 borr[$ f ea* ( ! ,religions 9 ord] to compose 8 own1 & !reaft] decl>$ himself ! sworn enemy ( bo?4--,we %all consid] ! "* ( ! ?ree legislators1 & exam9e _! conduct1 t aft]w>ds we may be enabl$ to decide ^: op9ions are be/ gr\nd$--^? :o rev]5ce !m z inspir$ m51 or ^? :o reg>d !m z impo/ors4 #aj4 ,,moses4 ,! celebrat$ ,moses1 a gr&son ( a di/+ui%$ ,magician1 #cg 7accord+ to ,ju/9 ,m>tyr7 possess$ e advantage calculat$ to r5d] him t :i* he f9ally became4 ,x is well kn[n t ! ,hebrews1 ( :om he became ! *ief1 7 a nation ( %eph]ds :om ,ph>aoh ,osiris ,i4 admitt$ into 8 k+dom 9 gratitude = ! s]vices :i* "o ( !m _h r5d]$ dur+ a p]iod ( sev]e fam9e4 ,he assign$ !m a t]ritory 9 ! ,ea/ ( ,egypt1 ri* 9 pa/urage1 & admirably adapt$ = ! re>+ ( cattle2 :]e1 dur+ two c5turies1 !y v mu* increas$ 9 numb]s1 ei!r1 t be+ reg>d$ z /rang]s !y 7 n liable to milit>y s]vice1 or on acc\nt ( ! o!r privileges :i* ,osiris _h conf]r$ ^u !m4 ,_m natives ( ! c\ntry jo9$ !mselves to !m1 among o!rs1 b&s ( ,arabs :o reg>d$ !m z bre?r5 & ( ! same orig94 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 !y multipli$ s exce$+ly1 t ! l& ( ,go%5 be+ unable to conta9 !m1 !y spread ov] all ! l& ( ,egypt2 giv+ j occasion to ,ph>aoh to dread t !y w\ld und]take "s dang]\s ent]prise if 8 k+dom 7 attack$ by ! ,e?iopians1 8 invet]ate enemies1 z _h frequ5tly happ5$4 ,reasons ( /ate1 !re=e1 compell$ ?is mon>* to take away _! privileges1 & to devise "s means ( weak5+ !m & keep+ !m 9 subjection4 ,ph>aoh ,orus1 surnam$ ,busirus on acc\nt ( 8 cruelty1 succe$$ ,memnon1 & foll[$ up 8 plans ) respect to ! ,hebrews2 & wi%+ to et]nalize 8 memory by build+ ! ,pyramids1 & =tify+ ! walls ( ,!bes1 condemn$ ! ,hebrews to ! task ( mak+ bricks1 = :i* purpose ! e>? ( t c\ntry 0 well adapt$4 ,dur+ _! bondage ! celebrat$ ,moses 0 born1 ! same ye> 9 :i* ! k+ comm&$ t all ! male ,hebrew *ildr5 %\ld be ?r[n into ! ,nile1 z ! sure/ me?od ( ridd+ 8 c\ntry f ?is ho/ ( /rang]s4 ,moses 0 9 ?is way expos$ to p]i% 9 ! wat]s1 8 "m hav+ plac$ him 9 a wick] basket among ! will[s on ! banks ( ! /ream4 ,x happ5$ t ,!smutis1 ! daught] ( ! k+1 0 walk+ by ! riv]1 :51 he>+ ! cries ( ! infant1 t compassion s natural to h] sex1 inspir$ h] ) a wi% to save x4 ,orus be+ dead %e succe$$ him1 & ,moses hav+ be5 pres5t$ to h] %e comm&$ t he %\ld receive ! highe/ in/ruction :i* c\ld be procur$1 z a son ( ! ,que5 ( a p at t "t ! mo/ le>n$ & civiliz$ 9 ! _w4 ,he 0 le>n$ 9 all ! le>n+ ( ! ,egyptians4 ,?is implies t he 0 ! able/ ,politician1 ! greate/ philosoph]1 & ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,magician ( 8 "t2 & besides1 x is v evid5t t he _h be5 initiat$ into ! ,egyptian ,prie/hood1 :i* resembl$ ^? ( ! ,druids among ! ,gauls4 ,^? :o are ignorant ( ! nature ( ! ,egyptian gov]nm5t1 mu/ le>n t ! :ole t]ritory 0 subject to "o sole sov]eign1 b t x 0 divid$ into _m prov9ces ( b limit$ ext5t4 ,! gov]nors ( ^! prov9ces 7 designat$ ,mon>*s1 & 7 g5]ally ( ! p[]ful ord] ( ! ,prie/hood1 :i* 9 fact possess$ almo/ ! ?ird "p ( ,egypt4 ,! k+ nom9at$ ^! ,mon>*s2 & if we comp>e :at o!rs h writt5 conc]n+ ,moses1 & :at he has writt5 himself1 we mu/ conclude t he 0 ,mon>* ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,go%51 & t he ow$ 8 appo9tm5t to ,!smutis1 to :om also he ow$ 8 life4 ,su* 0 ! /atus ( ,moses among/ ! ,egyptians1 :]e he _h full "t & e opportunity ( /udy+ _! mann]s & ^? ( 8 own nation1 & ( obta9+ a k ( _! dom9ant incl9ations & passions2 a k1 ( :i* he fail$ n to avail himself 9 t revolution ( :i* he 0 ! orig9ator4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,!smutis1 h] successor r5ew$ ! p]secution aga9/ ! ,hebrews1 & ,moses hav+ fall5 f ! honor 9 :i* he _h be5 =m]ly held1 0 afraid t he w\ld f9d x difficult to ju/ify a homicide ( :i* he _h be5 guilty4 ,he accord+ly resolv$ on flight1 & retir$ into ,arabia ,petrea4 ,*ance l$ him to ! h\se ( ! *ief ( "s native tribe1 to :om he r5d]$ s _m s]vices1 & by :om 8 tal5ts 7 s highly appreciat$ t he gave him "o ( 8 daught]s 9 m>riage4 ,x mu/ "h be rem>k$ t ,moses 0 s little ( a ,jew1 & _h s limit$ a conception ( ! ,deity :om he aft]w>ds imag9$1 t he m>ri$ an idolatress1 & did n ev5 ?9k ( circumcis+ 8 *ildr54 ,x 0 9 ! ,arabian des]ts1 :5 wat*+ ! flocks ( 8 fa!r-9-law1 t he =m$ ! design ( tak+ v5geance ^u ! ,k+ ( ,egypt = ! injuries he _h met )4 ,he flatt]$ himself t he w\ld easily succe$ 9 ?is1 z well on acc\nt ( 8 own tal5ts1 z f ! feel+ :i* he knew 0 g5]al among/ ^? ( 8 own nation1 irritat$ aga9/ ! gov]nm5t on acc\nt ( ! cruel treatm5t :i* !y _h exp]i5c$4 ,x appe>s f ! hi/ory :i* he has left u ( ?is revolution1 or at all ev5ts1 f ! hi/ory :i* ! au?or ( ! books attribut$ to ,moses1 has left u1 t ,je?ro1 8 fa!r-9-law1 0 9 ! plot1 z 7 ,a>on 8 bro!r1 & si/] ,m>ion1 :o rema9$ 9 ,egypt1 & ) :om1 no d\bt1 he ma9ta9$ a correspond5ce4 ,h[ev] t may be1 we p]ceive f ! result1 t he _h ) ! utmo/ policy s*em$ out a great design2 & t he knew h[ to br+ to be> aga9/ ! ,egyptians t le>n+ :i* he _h acquir$ among/ !m4 ,i allude to magic1 9 ! exhibition ( :i* he %[$ himself m subtle & exp]t ?an all ^? :o attempt$ ! same tricks at ! c\rt ( ,ph>aoh4 ,x 0 by ^! pret5d$ prodigies t he ga9$ ov] ^? ( 8 nation :om he wi%$ to c>ry (f1 & to :om disaffect$ & revolution>y ,egyptians1 ,e?iopians & ,arabs jo9$ !mselves4 ,by boa/+ ! p[] ( 8 ,div9ity1 & ! frequ5t communions :i* he _h ) him2 & by decl>+ t he _h 8 sanction = all ! /eps :i* he took ) ! lead]s ( ! revolution1 he succe$$ s well t !re foll[$ him #fjj1jjj fight+ m51 besides wom5 & *ildr51 across ! ,arabian des]ts1 ( :i* he well knew ! localities4 ,aft] six days pa9ful flight1 he orda9$ to 8 foll[]s t !y %\ld consecrate ! sev5? day to 8 ,god by a g5]al & public re/1 = ! purpose ( p]suad+ !m t ! ,deity favor$ him & approv$ ( 8 au?ority2 & to det] any "o f hav+ ! audacity to dispute 8 /atem5ts4 ,!re nev] exi/$ a m ignorant p ?an ! ,hebrews1 nor consequ5tly m cr$ul\s4 ,to be assur$ ( ?is we h only to look to _! condition 9 ,egypt :5 ,moses caus$ !m to revolt4 ,!y 7 dete/$ by ! ,egyptians on acc\nt ( _! pr(ession z %eph]ds1 !y 7 p]secut$ by ! sov]eign1 & employ$ 9 ! mo/ degrad+ toil4 ,among/ a p ?us situat$ x c\ld n be v difficult = a man ) ! abilities ( ,moses to ex]cise a va/ influ5ce4 ,he p]suad$ !m t 8 ,god1 7:om he sometimes m]ely /yles an angel71 ! ,god ( _! fa!rs1 _h appe>$ to him--t x 0 at 8 comm& t he _h tak5 !m "u 8 guidance--& t !y w\ld be a p highly favor$ ( ! ,deity1 provid$ !y believ$ 9 him4 ,! exp]t employm5t ( deceit1 & 8 k ( sci5ce1 & ( human nature1 =tifi$ 8 injunctions2 & he /r5g!n$ 8 position by prodigies1 :i* are always sure to make a deep impression on ! m9ds ( an imbecile populace4 ,x mu/ "h be att5d$ to ) especial c>e1 t he ?\ght he _h discov]$ a sure me?od ( keep+ ! ,hebrews 9 subjection to himself1 by p]suad+ !m t ,god himself 0 _! conductor--t he prec$$ !m by night z a pill> ( fire1 & by day z a cl\d4 ,x c be prov$ t ?is is p]haps a m gross deceit on ! "p ( ?is lead] ?an any he _h ev] practis$4 ,dur+ 8 soj\rn 9 ,arabia1 he _h le>n$ t1 z ! c\ntry 0 ( va/ ext5t & un9habit$1 x 0 ! cu/om ( ^? :o travell$ 9 c>avans to take guides1 :o conduct$ !m "u night by means ( a brasi] fill$ ) burn+ wood1 ! flame ( :i* !y foll[$2 & ! smoke ( :i* by day equally prev5t$ ! p>ties ( ! c>avan f /raggl+4 ,moses took advantage ( ?is & proclaim$ x miracul\s1 adduc+ x z an evid5ce ( div9e protection4 ,no p]son is call$ ^u to reg>d ?is z *eat1 on my au?ority2 let !m believe ,moses himself1 :o 9 ! book ( ,numb]s1 *ap1 x1 v4 #ca1 is repres5t$ z besee*+ 8 bro!r-9-law ,habab to j\rney ) ! ,israelites & %[ !m ! way1 because he knew ! c\ntry4 #ch ,?is is pro( positive4 ,if x 7 really ,god :o w5t be=e ! p ( ,israel by night & by day1 z a pill> ( cl\d & ( fire1 c\ld !y h desir$ a bett] guide8 ,not)/&+ "h is ?is lead] entreat+ 8 bro!r-9-law 9 ! mo/ urg5t mann] to act z 8 guide2 ! pill> ( cl\d & fire1 x w\ld seem1 be+ only a ,god = ! p & n = ,moses4 ,! un=tunate dupes be+ delight$ to f9d !mselves adopt$ by ! *ief ( ! ,gods on _! escape f a cruel bondage1 *e]fully put fai? 9 ,moses1 & swore to obey him bl9dly4 ,8 au?ority be+ confirm$1 he wi%$ to r5d] x p]petual2 & "u ! speci\s pretext ( e/abli%+ ! wor%ip ( t ,god ^: ,vic]eg5t he said he 01 he appo9t$ at once 8 bro!r & 8 sons to high au?ority 9 ! ,royal ,palace1 t is ! place :5ce he ?\ght prop] to give =? 8 oracles2 ?is place be+ altoge!r out ( ! view ( ! p4 ,la/ly he practis$ t :i* is always done at ! =mation ( new in/itutions2 t is1 he exhibit$ prodigies1 miracles1 :]eby "s 7 dazzl$1 & o!rs conf\nd$1 b :i* only excit$ pity 9 ^? :o c\ld see ?r\gh 8 impo/ures4 ,h[ev] crafty ,moses might h be51 he w\ld h _h consid]able difficulty 9 secur+ ob$i5ce1 )\t ! aid ( 8 arm$ foll[]s4 ,an impo/or )\t physical =ce r>ely succe$s4 ,b 9 spite ( ! great numb] ( dupes :o submitt$ !mselves bl9dly to ! w ( ?is clev] legislator1 !re 7 f\nd p bold en\gh to reproa* him = bad fai?2 decl>+ t1 "u false appe>ances ( ju/ice & equality1 he _h engross$ ! :ole--t ! sov]eign au?ority 0 conf9$ to 8 own family1 :o _h no m "r to x ?an any o!r individuals--& t he 0 less ! fa!r ?an ! tyrant ( 8 p4 ,b on ^! occasions ,moses1 ) pr(\nd policy1 put to dea? ^? d>+ spirits & sp>$ no "o :o disput$ 8 au?ority4 ,x 0 by simil> precautions1 & by always decl>+ t 8 puni%m5ts 7 in/ances ( div9e v5geance1 t he reign$ an absolute despot2 & to end z he _h begun--t is to say1 z a knave & an impo/or--he 0 9 ! habit ( retir+ to a cave1 :i* he _h caus$ to be dug 9 ! c5tre ( a wa/e1 "u ! pretext ( hav+ conf]5ces ) ! ,div9ity1 t he might secure 9 ?is way ! respect & submission ( 8 foll[]s4 ,8 end 0 l t ( o!r simil> impo/ors4 ,he ca/ himself f a precipice :i* he knew ( 9 ! remote wild]ness1 to ! end t 8 body might n be discov]$1 & t x might be ?\ght ! ,deity _h c>ri$ him (f4 ,he 0 n ignorant t ! memory ( ! patri>*s :i* _h prec$$ him 0 held 9 great v5]ation1 al?\gh !y knew _! sepul*res2 b ?is 0 n en\gh = an ambition l 8--x 0 necess>y t he %\ld be rev]$ z a god1 ov] :om dea? _h no control4 ,?is is ! explanation ( :at he said at ! comm5cem5t ( 8 reign1 :5 he said t ,god _h decl>$ t he 0 to be a ,god unto 8 bro!r4 #ci ,elijah 9 l mann]1 & ,romulus1 #dj & ,zamolxis1 & all ^? :o h _h ! fooli% vanity to wi% to et]nalize _! names1 h conceal$ ! "t & mann] ( _! dea?1 9 ord] t !y might be ?\ght immortal4 #aa4 ,b to return to ! legislators4 ,!re h nev] be5 any :o did n ass]t t _! laws did n emanate f "s div9ities #da1 & :o h n attempt$ to p]suade _! foll[]s t !y !mselves 7 m ?an mortal4 ,numa ,pompilius1 aft] hav+ ta/$ ! sweets ( retirem5t1 0 ) difficulty p]suad$ to leave !m1 al?\gh x 0 to fill ! ?rone ( ,romulus2 b compell$ by ! acclamations ( ! p1 he pr(it$ by ! devot$ness ( ! ,romans1 & ins9uat$ to !m t if !y really wi%$ him to be _! k+1 !y mu/ be prep>$ to obey him )\t enquiry1 & to obs]ve religi\sly ! laws & div9e in/itutions :i* _h be5 communicat$ to him by ! goddess ,eg]ia4 #db ,alex&] ! ,great _h8 no less vanity4 ,n cont5t ) see+ himself ma/] ( ! _w1 he wi%$ to p]suade mank9d t he 0 ! son ( ,jupit]4 ,p]seus pret5d$ also to h d]iv$ 8 orig9 f ! same god & ! virg9 ,danae4 ,plato also insi/$ on a virg9 nativity1 reg>d+ ,apollo z 8 fa!r4 ,!re h be5 _m o!r p]sonages :o h be5 guilty ( ! same absurdity4 ,no d\bt all ^! great m5 believ$ 9 ! op9ion ( ! ,egyptians1 :o ma9ta9$ t ! ,_s ( ,god 0 capable ( hav+ int]c\rse ) ! female sex1 & r5d]+ !m pregnant4 #ab4 ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o 0 acqua9t$ ) ! maxims & ! sci5ce ( ! ,egyptians1 gave curr5cy to ! belief allud$ to above1 because he ?\ght x suitable to 8 purposes4 ,reflect+ h[ ,moses _h become r5[n$ by 8 comm& ( an ignorant p1 he und]took to build on ?is f\ndation1 & got "s few imbecile p to foll[ him1 :om he p]suad$ t ! ,holy ,gho/ 0 8 fa!r1 & t 8 "m 0 a virg94 ,^! simple folks1 accu/om$ to give !mselves ov] to dreams & rev]ies1 adopt$ 8 op9ions1 & believ$ :atev] he wi%$3 inde$1 some?+ consid]ably beyond ?is miracul\s bir? w\ld by no means h be5 too miracul\s = !m4 ,a beautiful dove ov]%ad[$ a virg93 !re is no?+ surpris+ 9 t4 ,x happ5$ frequ5tly 9 ,lydia2 & ! swan ( ,l$a is ! c\nt]p>t ( ! dove ( ,m>y4 #dc ,t a man %\ld be born ( a virg91 by ! op]ation ( ! ,holy ,_s1 is nei!r m extraord9>y nor m miracul\s t t ,g5ghis ,khan %\ld be born ( a virg91 z ! ,t>t>s ass]t2 or t ,foh1 accord+ to ! ,*9ese belief1 d]iv$ 8 orig9 f a virg9 r5d]$ pregnant by ! rays ( ! sun4 ,?is prodigy appe>$ at a "t :5 ! ,jews1 we>i$ ) _! ,god z !y _h =m]ly be5 ) _! ,judges1 #dd 7 desir\s to h "s visible rul] among !m1 z 0 ! case ) o!r nations4 ,z ! numb] ( fools is inf9ite1 ,jesus ,*ri/ 9 a %ort "t _h _m foll[]s2 b z 8 extreme pov]ty 0 an inv9cible ob/acle to 8 elevation1 ! ,ph>isees--at "o "t 8 admir]s1 & at ano!r "t />tl$ at 8 boldness--=w>d$ or ?w>t$ 8 int]e/s1 accord+ to ! incon/ant hum\r ( ! populace4 ,! report ( 8 div9e orig9 0 spread ab\t2 b )\t =ces1 z he 01 x 0 impossible t he c\ld succe$1 al?\gh "s cures :i* he p]=m$1 & "s resurrections f ! dead to :i* he pret5d$1 br\ght him some:at into repute4 ,)\t money or arms he c\ld n fail to p]i%3 if he _h be5 9 possession ( ^!1 he w\ld h be5 no less successful ?an ,moses or ,mahomet1 & all ^? :o1 ) l advantages1 h elevat$ !mselves above _! fell[-m54 ,if he _h be5 m un=tunate1 he w\ld n h be5 less adroit2 & sev]al traits 9 8 hi/ory prove t ! pr9cipal defect 9 8 policy 0 8 c>elessness 9 n suffici5tly provid+ = 8 own security4 ,o!rwise1 ,i d n f9d t 8 plans 7 less skilfully devis$ ?an ^? ( ! o!r two3 at all ev5ts 8 law has become ! rule ( fai? to p :o flatt] !mselves t !y are ! wise/ 9 ! _w4 #ac4 ,,on ,,! ,,politics ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,c any?+ be m subtle ?an ! answ] ( ,jesus conc]n+ ! woman tak5 9 adult]y8 ,! ,jews hav+ dem&$ ( him if !y %\ld /one h]1 in/ead ( answ]+ ! "q directly--a negative answ] be+ directly contr>y to ! law1 & an affirmative convict+ him ( sev]ity & cruelty1 :i* w\ld h ali5at$ _! m9ds f him--in/ead1 !re=e1 ( reply+ z an ord9>y individual w\ld h done on ! occasion--,let him1 said he1 :o is )\t s9 among/ y ca/ ! fir/ /one at h]4 #de ,a %rewd reply1 & "o ev9c+ great pres5ce ( m9d4 ,on ano!r occasion1 be+ %[n a piece ( money ) ! emp]or's image & sup]scription ^u x1 & ask$ if x 7 lawful to pay tribute money unto ,cs>1 he elud$ ! difficulty ( answ]+3 ,r5d] unto ,cs> ! ?+s :i* are ,cs>'s4 #df ,! false position 9 :i* !y wi%$ to place him 0 ?is3 t if he d5i$ t x 0 lawful1 he 0 guilty ( high treason2 & if he said t x 01 he w5t directly aga9/ ! law ( ,moses1 :i* he always prote/$ t he nev] int5d$ to d--kn[+ no d\bt t he 0 too helpless to d s ) impunity at t "t4 ,aft]w>ds1 :5 he became m celebrat$1 he endeav\r$ to abrogate x almo/ totally3 act+ 9 ?is way n unlike ^? pr9ces1 :o1 until _! p[] is ?or\ghly e/abli%$1 always promise to confirm ! privileges ( _! subjects1 b :o1 aft] t has be5 secur$1 c>e little = _! promises4 ,:5 ! ,ph>isees ask$ him by :at au?ority he taught ! p & prea*$ to !m1 he p5etrat$ _! int5tion--:i* 0 to convict him ( falsehood2 :e!r he answ]$ t x 0 by human au?ority--he n be+ ( ! ord] ( ! prie/hood1 :o alone 7 *>g$ ) ! in/ruction ( ! p2 or :e!r he prea*$ by ! express ord]s ( ,god--8 own doctr9e be+ oppos$ to ! law ( ,moses2 he avoid$ _! sn>e1 & emb>rass$ !mselves1 by ask+ !m 9 :at "n ,john baptis$4 #dg ,! ,ph>isees1 :o f political motives1 reject$ ! baptism ( ,john1 w\ld h condemn$ !mselves if !y _h said t x 0 9 ! "n ( ,god2 & if !y _h n said s1 !y w\ld h expos$ !mselves to ! rage ( ! populace1 :o ma9ta9$ ! opposite op9ion4 ,to get out ( ?is dilemma1 !y answ]$ t !y c\ld n tell3 on :i* ,jesus ,*ri/ repli$1 t nei!r 0 he oblig$ to tell !m by :at "n or au?ority he taught ! p4 #ad4 ,su* 0 ! "* ( ! de/roy] ( ! anci5t law1 & ! f\nd] ( ! new religion t 0 built ^u its ru9s2 9 :i* religion a dis9t]e/$ m9d c p]ceive no?+ m div9e ?an 9 any ( ^? :i* prec$$ x4 ,its f\nd]1 :o 0 n altoge!r ignorant1 hav+ witness$ extreme corruption 9 ! ,jewi% republic1 judg$ t its end 0 ne>1 & ?\ght x a favorable opportunity = =w>d+ 8 own designs4 ,! fe> ( be+ anticipat$ by m5 m able ?an himself1 made him ha/5 to secure 8 gr\nd by means entirely opposite to ^? adopt$ by ,moses4 ,! =m] began by r5d]+ himself t]rible to o!r nations4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 on ! contr>y1 attract$ mank9d to himself by ! hope ( bless+s 9 a life beyond ! grave1 :i* he said !y w\ld obta9 by believ+ 9 him4 ,:il/ ,moses only promis$ temporal b5efits to ! obs]v]s ( 8 law1 ,jesus ,*ri/ l$ 8 foll[]s to hope = ^? :i* w\ld nev] end4 ,! laws ( ! "o only reg>d$ ext]ior obs]vances2 ^? ( ! o!r look$ into ! he>t1 influ5c$ ! ?\ghts1 & /ood on opposite gr\nds to ! law ( ,moses4 ,:5ce x foll[s1 t ,jesus ,*ri/ believ$ ) ,ari/otle1 t x is ! same ) religion & nations z ) individuals :o are born & :o die2 & z !re is no?+ :i* is n subject to dissolution1 !re is no law :i* mu/ n 9 turn give place to ano!r4 #dh ,b z !re is difficulty 9 pass+ f "o law to ano!r1 & z ! great] "p ( m5 are /ubborn 9 religi\s matt]s1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 9 imitation ( o!r innovators1 _h rec\rse to miracles1 :i* h at all times conf\nd$ ! ignorant1 & advanc$ ! projects ( ambiti\s & design+ m54 #ae4 ,*ri/ianity hav+ be5 f\nd$ 9 ?is way1 ,jesus ,*ri/ wisely imag9$ t he c\ld pr(it by ! errors 9 ! politics ( ,moses1 & r5d] 8 new law et]nal--an und]tak+ 9 :i* he f9ally succe$$ a little p]haps beyond 8 expectation4 ,! ,hebrew prophets int5d$ to d hon\r to ,moses1 by pr$ict+ a successor :o %\ld resemble him--a ,messiah great 9 virtues1 p[]ful 9 weal?1 & t]rible to 8 enemies4 ,^! prophecies1 h[ev]1 produc$ altoge!r a diff]5t effect f :at !y expect$2 a numb] ( ambiti\s demagogues hav+ embrac$ ! opportunity ( palm+ !mselves (f = ! com+ ,messiah1 :i* l$ to ^? insurrections & civil convulsions :i* la/$ until ! entire de/ruction ( ! anci5t republic ( ! ,hebrews4 ,jesus ,*ri/1 m subtle ?an ! prophets :o succe$$ ,moses1 pr$ict$ t a man ( ?is description w\ld appe>--! great enemy ( ,god--! favorite ( ! demons--! aggregation ( all ! vices & ! cause ( all ! desolation 9 ! _w4 ,aft] su* a spl5did eulogy1 "o w\ld ?9k t nobody c\ld resi/ ! temptation ( call+ himself ,anti*ri/2 & ,i d n believe t x is possible to discov] a secret equal to x = et]naliz+ a law1 al?\gh !re c be no?+ m fabul\s ?an :at we read ( conc]n+ ?is pret5d$ ,anti*ri/4 ,/4 ,paul says t he 0 a ready born2 :5ce x foll[s t he mu/ h be5 on ! wat* = ! com+ ( ,jesus ,*ri/3 nev]!less1 m ?an sixte5 ye>s roll$ on aft] ! pr$iction ( ! nativity ( ?is =midable p]sonage1 )\t any "o hav+ he>d ( 8 appe>ance4 ,i ackn[l$ge t "s h appli$ ! t]ms to ,ebion & ,c]9?us1 two great adv]s>ies ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 ^: pret5d$ div9ity !y disput$4 ,b if ?is int]pretation be ! mean+ ( ! ,apo/le1 :i* is f> f be+ cr$ible1 ! words ref]r$ to mu/ po9t out a ho/ ( ,anti*ri/s 9 all ages--x be+ impossible t truly le>n$ m5 %\ld ?9k ( injur+ ! cause ( tru?1 by decl>+ t ! hi/ory ( ,jesus ,*ri/ 0 a contemptible fable1 #di & t 8 law 0 no?+ b a s]ies ( dreams & rev]ies1 :i* ignorance _h br\ght 9 repute1 :i* self-int]e/ _h enc\rag$1 & :i* tyranny _h tak5 "u its especial protection4 #af4 ,!y pret5d1 nev]!less1 t a religion built ^u s weak f\ndations is div9e & sup]natural1 z if x 7 n an asc]ta9$ fact t !re is no class ( p m fitt$ to give curr5cy to ! mo/ absurd op9ions ?an wom5 & lunatics4 ,x is n to be wond]$ at t ,jesus ,*ri/ reckon$ none ( ! le>n$ among/ 8 foll[]s4 ,he well knew t 8 law 0 inconsi/5t ) common s5se2 & !re=e he always declaim$ aga9/ ! sages1 exclud+ !m f t k+dom into :i* he admitt$ ! poor 9 _s1 ! simple & ! imbecile4 ,rational m9ds ought to be ?ankful t !y h no?+ to d ) su* insanities4 #ag4 ,,on ,,! ,,morality ,,( ,,jesus ,,*ri/4 ,we f9d no?+ m div9e 9 ! morality ( ,jesus ,*ri/ ?an :at c be drawn f ! works ( anci5t au?ors2 = ?is reason1 p]haps e text 9 8 code ( morals is ei!r borr[$ f _!'s or is an imitation ( x4 ,/4 ,augu/9e #ej ackn[l$ges t 9 "o ( ! s-call$ hea!n writ]s1 he discov]$ ! :ole ( ! comm5cem5t ( ! gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,john4 ,we mu/ rem>k also1 t ?is apo/le 0 s mu* accu/om$ to plund] o!rs1 t he has n scrupl$ to pillage f ! prophets _! enigmas & visions1 = ! purpose ( compos+ 8 ,apocalypse4 ,aga91 :5ce arises t agreem5t betwe5 ! doctr9es ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t & ^? ( ,plato1 unless ! ,rabbis & o!rs :o compos$ ! ,jewi% ,scriptures _h /ol5 f t di/+ui%$ man4 ,! acc\nt ( ! creation ( ! _w giv5 9 8 ,timaeus1 is mu* m satisfactory ?an t record$ 9 ! book ( ,g5esis2 & x w n d to say t ,plato1 9 8 t\r ?r\gh ,egypt1 _h read ! books ( ! ,jews1 s9ce1 by ! confession ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 k+ ,ptolemy _h n ord]$ !m to be translat$ till long aft] ! philosoph] _h left ! c\ntry4 ,! l&scape :i* ,socrates describes to ,simias 7,phton17 possesses inf9itely m beauty ?an ! ,p>adise ( ,ed53 & ! fable ( ! ,h]maphrodites #ea is beyond comp>ison a bett] inv5tion ?an t :i* we read ( 9 ,g5esis1 :]e we are told t "o ( ,adam's ribs 0 tak5 f him = ! purpose ( creat+ a female out ( x4 ,c any m plausible acc\nt ( ! ov]?r[ ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah be giv51 ?an t x 0 caus$ by ,phaeton8 ,is !re no resemblance betwe5 ! fall ( ,lucif] & t ( ,vulcan1 or ( ! giants /ruck d[n by ! ?und]bolts ( ,jove4 ,h[ close ! resemblance betwe5 ,sampson & ,h]cules2 ,elijah & ,phaeton2 ,joseph & ,hypolitus2 ,nebu*adnezz> & ,lycaon2 ,tantalus & ! ri* man 9 torm5t2 #eb ! manna 9 ! wild]ness & ! ambrosia ( ! gods6 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 #ec ,/4 ,cyril1 & ,!ophilactus1 comp>e ,jonah ) ,h]cules1 call$ ,tr9octius1 because he _h be5 ?ree days & ?ree nights 9 ! belly ( a :ale4 ,! riv] :i* ,daniel speaks ( 9 *ap4 vii1 v4 #aj1 ( 8 ,prophecies1 is palpably drawn f t ,pyriphlege?on to :i* ,plato alludes 9 8 dialogue on ! immortality ( ! s\l4 ,! idea ( ,orig9al ,s9 is tak5 f ! acc\nt ( ,p&ora's box2 & ! int]rupt$ sacrifices ( ,isaac & ( ,jeph?a's daught] are borr[$ f t ,iphig5ia1 9 ^: room a h9d 0 (f]$ up4 ,:at we read ( conc]n+ ,lot & 8 wife1 is ne>ly ! same z t :i* fabul\s hi/ory in=ms u occurr$ to ,bancis & ,philemon4 ,! hi/ories ( ,p]seus & ( ,bell]ophon are ! f\ndation ( ,mi*ael & ! demon :om he vanqui%$4 ,9 %ort1 x is abundantly manife/ t ! au?ors ( ! ,scriptures h copi$ ! works ( ,hesiod1 ,hom]1 & "s o!r anci5t writ]s1 almo/ ^w = ^w4 #ah4 ,) respect to ,jesus ,*ri/ himself1 ,celsus1 by appeal+ to 8 oppon5t ,orig51 %[s t he _h tak5 "s ( 8 mo/ approv$ apo!gms f ,plato--,su* z ?is3 ,x is easi] = a camel to g ?r\gh ! eye ( a ne$le1 ?an a ri* man to ent] into ! k+dom ( ,god4 #ed ,x 0 ow+ to ! sect ( ! ,ph>isees1 to :i* he belong$1 t 8 foll[]s believ$ 9 ! immortality ( ! s\l1 ! resurrection1 & ! torm5ts ( hell2 & also 9 ! great] "p ( 8 morality1 #ee ! :ole ( :i* ,i f9d 9 ,epictetus1 ,epicures1 & a few o!rs4 ,?is la/ m5tion$ philosoph] 0 ref]r$ to by ,/4 ,j]ome1 z a man ^: virtues ought to put ! be/ ,*ri/ians to ! blu%2 & ^: mode ( life 0 s temp]ate t a morsel ( *eese1 ) bread & wat] con/itut$ 8 highe/ repa/4 ,lead+ a life s frugal1 ?is philosoph]1 hea!n z he 01 decl>$ t x 0 f> bett] to be un=tunate & gift$ ) reason1 ?an to be ri* & opul5t )\t x2 add+1 t weal? & wisdom 7 r>ely f\nd unit$ 9 ! same individual1 & t x 0 impossible to enjoy happ9ess or cont5tm5t unless our conduct 7 guid$ by prud5ce1 ju/ice & hone/y1 :i* are ! qualities :5ce fl[ all true & la/+ enjoym5ts4 ,z to ,epictetus1 ,i d n believe t !re ev] exi/$ a man1 n ev5 except+ ,jesus ,*ri/1 m firm1 m self-d5y+1 m equable1 or :o at any "t gave =? to ! _w a m sublime sy/em ( morality4 ,7 x n t ,i %\ld exce$ ! limits :i* ,i h prescrib$ to myself 9 ?is treatise1 ,i c\ld rec\nt _m beautiful traits 9 8 "*2 b ! read] mu/ be cont5t$ ) "o example4 ,:5 a slave to ,epaphroditus1 a capta9 ( ,n]o's gu>ds1 8 ma/] took ! brutal fancy to wri! 8 limbs1 ,epictetus1 p]ceiv+ t x gave ! mon/] satisfaction1 said ) a smile1 t he saw cle>ly t ! joke w\ld n end until he _h brok5 "o ( !m1 :i* happ5$ accord+ly4 ,! philosoph] ) ! same equanimity & ! same smile1 m]ely said1 ,did ,i n tell y t y w\ld c]ta9ly break ! limb8 ,:]e is !re on record ano!r in/ance ( l firmness8 ,h[ w\ld ,jesus ,*ri/ h act$ 9 ! circum/ances8--he :o wept & trembl$ at ! lea/ al>m1 & :o 9 8 la/ mom5ts exhibit$ a pusillanimity altoge!r contemptible1 & :i* 0 nev] %[n by ! m>tyrs = 8 fai?4 ,if ! "w :i* ,arian wrote conc]n+ ! life & dea? ( our philosoph] _h be5 pres]v$1 ,i h no d\bt t we w\ld h be5 9 possession ( _m m examples ( 8 equanimity ?an we h at pres5t4 ,i "k t ! prie/s w speak ( ! example :i* ,i h in/anc$1 z !y speak ( ! virtues ( philosophic m9ds 9 g5]al1 & ass]t t x is bas$ on vanity1 & t x is by no means :at x appe>s to be2 b ,i "k also1 t ^? p are accu/om$ to speak ex ca!dra :atev] suits _! purpose & to ?9k !y suffici5tly e>n ! money :i* is giv5 !m = in/ruct+ ! p1 by declaim+ aga9/ e man :o kn[s :at sob] reason & real virtue are4 ,no?+ 9 ! _w c be less 9 congruity ) ! actions ( ^! sup]/iti\s m5 :o decry !m1 ?an ! mann] ( ! truly le>n$4 ,! =m]1 hav+ /udi$ = no o!r end ?an to obta9 a place to give !m bread1 become va91 & congratulate !mselves :5 !y h obta9$ x1 z if !y _h arriv$ at ! /ate ( p]fection2 :]eas x is no?+ else to !m ?an a /ate ( idl5ess1 pride1 voluptu\sness1 & lic5ti\sness1--a condition 9 :i* ! great majority ( !m hold 9 no respect :atev] ! maxims ( t religion :i* !y pr(ess4 ,b we w leave ^! m51 :o h n ! remote/ conception ( real virtue1 & exam9e ! evid5ces = ! div9ity ( _! ma/]4 #ai4 ,hav+ consid]$ ! politics & ! morality ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 :]e9 we f9d no?+ s useful or s sublime z we f9d 9 ! writ+s ( ! anci5ts1 let u n[ consid] if ! reputation :i* he acquir$ aft] 8 dea? be a pro( ( 8 div9ity4 ,! g5]ality ( mank9d are s mu* accu/om$ to :at is irrational1 t x is a/oni%+ to f9d p endeav\r+ to draw a rational inf]5ce f _! conduct4 ,exp]i5ce tea*es u t !y are always runn+ aft] %ad[s1 & t !y nei!r d nor say any?+ betok5+ common s5se4 ,^! fanatical notions on :i* !y f\nd _! belief w always be 9 vogue1 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( ! le>n$ :o h inv>iably set !mselves aga9/ !m4 ,s root$ are _! follies t !y _h r be cramm$ ) !m to repletion ?an make any ef=t to be rid ( !m4 ,x 0 to no purpose t ,moses boa/$ t he 0 ! int]pret] ( ,god1 & attempt$ to prove 8 mission & 8 au?ority by extraord9>y signs4 ,if he abs5t$ himself = a %ort "t 7z he did occasionally1 to hold conf]5ce ) ! ,div9ity1 by 8 acc\nt1 & z 9 l mann] did ,numa ,pompilius & _m o!r legislators71 x 0 only to f9d on 8 return /rong traces ( ! wor%ip ( ! gods :om ! ,hebrew p _h se5 9 ,egypt4 ,x 0 9 va9 t he _h l$ !m = =ty ye>s ?r\gh ! des]t1 t !y might lose recollection ( ! div9ities :i* !y _h left beh9d4 ,!y _h n =got !m1 & !y always wi%$ = "s visible symbol to prec$e !m1 :i*1 if !y _h got1 !y w\ld h wor%ipp$ ob/9ately1 at ! risk ( be+ expos$ to extreme cruelty4 ,! pride-inspir$ contempt alone :i* l$ !m to ! hatr$ ( o!r nations1 made !m ins5sibly =get ! gods ( ,egypt1 & atta* !mselves to t ( ,moses4 ,!y wor%ipp$ him = "s "t ) all ! outw>d obs]vance ( ! law2 b ) t incon/ancy :i* leads ! vulg> to run aft] novelty1 !y des]t$ him at la/ to foll[ ! ,god ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 #bj4 ,! mo/ ignorant alone ( ! ,hebrews foll[$ ,moses--su* also 7 !y :o ran aft] ,jesus ,*ri/2 & _! "n be+ legion1 & z !y mutually support$ ea* o!r1 x is n to be wond]$ at if ?is new sy/em ( error 0 widely circulat$4 ,! tea*+ ( ^! novelties 0 n )\t dang] to ^? :o und]took ! task1 b ! en?usiasm :i* !y excit$ ext+ui%$ e fe>4 ,?us1 ! disciples ( ,*ri/1 mis]able z !y 7 9 8 tra91 & ev5 dy+ ( hung]--7z we le>n f ! necessity "u :i* !y 71 toge!r ) _! lead]1 ( pluck+ ! e>s ( corn 9 ! fields to su/a9 _! lives7--^! disciples nev] despair$ till !y saw _! ma/] 9 ! h&s ( 8 execution]s1 & totally incapable ( gift+ !m ) t weal?1 & p[]1 & gr&eur1 :i* he _h l$ !m to expect4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 8 disciples be+ fru/rat$ 9 _! fonde/ hopes1 made a virtue ( necessity4 ,bani%$ z !y 7 f e place1 & p]secut$ by ! ,jews1 :o 7 eag] to treat !m z !y _h treat$ _! ma/]1 !y w&]$ into ! neighbor+ c\ntries2 9 :i*1 on ! evid5ce ( "s wom51 !y set =? ! resurrection ( ,*ri/1 8 div9ity1 & ! o!r fables :]e) ! gospels are fill$4 ,x 0 _! want ( success among ! ,jewi% p :i* l$ to ! resolution ( seek+ _! =tune among ! ,g5tiles2 b z a little m k ?an !y possess$ 0 necess>y = ! accompli%m5t ( _! design--! ,g5tiles be+ philosophically tra9$1 & consequ5tly too mu* ! fri5ds ( tru? & reason to be dup$ by trifles--! sect>ies ( ,jesus ga9$ ov] to _! cause a "y man #ef ( ard5t temp]am5t & active habits1 some:at bett] in/ruct$ ?an ! illit]ate fi%]m5 ( ,galilee1 & m capable ( draw+ audi5ces to li/5 to 8 talk4 ,he be+ w>n$ f heav5 7miracul\sly ( c\rse71 leagu$ himself ) !m1 & drew ov] "s p>tizans by ! ?reat ( fabl$ hell1 7a plagi>ism f ! anci5t poets71 & by ! hope ( ! joys ( p>adise1 into :i* bless$ abode he 0 impud5t en\gh to ass]t t he _h at "o "t be5 introduc$4 ,^! disciples !n1 by /r5g? ( delusion & ly+1 procur$ = _! ma/] ! honor ( pass+ = a god--an honor at :i*1 9 8 life-"t1 ,jesus c\ld nev] h arriv$4 ,8 de/9y 0 no bett] ?an t ( ,hom]1 nor ev5 s good2 inasmu* z sev5 cities :i* _h despis$ & />v$ ! latt] 9 8 lifetime1 /ruggl$ & f\ght ) ea* o!r1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 to :i* 0 due ! m]it ( hav+ giv5 him bir?4 #ba4 ,x may be judg$ n[1 f :at has be5 advanc$1 t ,*ri/ianity1 l e o!r religion1 is only a complicat$ impo/ure--! success & progress ( :i* w\ld a/oni% ! inv5tors !mselves1 c\ld !y revisit ?is _w4 ,)\t bewild]+ ourselves1 h[ev]1 9 a labyr9? ( error & contradiction1 su* z we h allud$ to1 we g to ,mahomet1 :o f\nd$ 8 law on maxims entirely opposite to ^? ( ,jesus ,*ri/4 #bb4 ,,mahomet4 ,sc>cely _h ! disciples ( ,jesus ,*ri/ torn d[n ! ,mosaic fabric = ! purpose ( e/abli%+ ,*ri/ianity1 :5 m51 l$ by =ce ( circum/ances1 & influ5c$ by _! usual incon/ancy1 foll[$ ! new legislator1 :o _h elevat$ himself by means simil>1 z f> z possible1 to ^? :i* ,moses employ$4 ,l ! ,jewi% lawgiv]1 ,*ri/ usurp$ ! title ( prophet1 & ambassador ( ,god2 l him he pret5d$ to p]=m miracles1 & took advantage ( ! passions ( ! multitude4 ,he soon f\nd himself escort$ by an ignorant populace1 to :om he expla9$ ! new oracles ( heav54 ,^! mis]ably misl$ p1 f ! promises & fables ( ?is new impo/or1 spread 8 r5[n f> & wide1 z hav+ eclips$ all 8 pr$ecessors4 ,mahomet1 on ! contr>y1 0 a man :o did n appe> at all compet5t to lay ! f\ndation ( an empire4 ,he 0 di/+ui%$ nei!r z a politician nor a philosoph]3 he c\ld nei!r read nor write4 #eg ,at fir/ he exhibit$ s little firmness1 t he 0 frequ5tly ^u ! po9t ( ab&on+ 8 ent]prise2 & he w\ld h done s1 _h x n be5 = ! address ( "o 8 foll[]s4 ,:5 he 0 ris+ into celebrity1 ,corais1 a p[]ful ,arab *ief1 be+ irritat$ t a man ( ye/]day %\ld h ! boldness to mislead ! p1 decl>$ himself 8 enemy1 & attempt$ to ?w>t 8 designs2 b ! p1 believ+ t ,mahomet _h cont9u$ int]c\rse ) ,god & 8 angels1 support$ him till he _h an opportunity ( be+ av5g$ ^u 8 adv]s>y4 ,! tribe ( ,corais 0 wor/$2 & ,mahomet see+ himself surr\nd$ by a ho/ ( fanatics1 ?\ght t he /ood 9 no ne$ ( a coadjutor4 ,h[ev]1 le/ ,corais %\ld expose 8 impo/ures1 he took ! initiative2 & to make sure1 he load$ him ) promises1 & swore t he only wi%$ to become great 9 ord] to %>e ) him t p[]1 to ! e/abli%m5t ( :i* he might s mu* contribute4 ,we c agree1 said he1 :5 we rea* our prop] elevation2 we c dep5d1 9 ! meantime1 on t great multitude :om we h ga9$ ov]1 & x only rema9s t we make sure ( !m by ! employm5t ( t artifice :i* y h s happily inv5t$4 ,at ! same "t he p]suad$ him to desc5d into ! ,cave ( ,oracles4 ,?is 0 a dri$-up sunk well1 f ! bottom ( :i* ,corais spoke1 9 ord] t ! p might believe t x 0 ! voice ( ,god decl>+ himself 9 fav\r ( ,mahomet :o 0 9 ! mid/ ( 8 proselytes4 ,deceiv$ by ! bl&i%m5ts ( ! lead]1 8 associate regul>ly desc5d$ into ! well1 to c\nt]feit ! oracle4 ,:il/ ,mahomet 0 pass+ "o day at ! head ( an infatuat$ multitude1 !y he>d a voice1 :i* said--,i am y\r ,god1 & ,i decl>e t ,mahomet is ! prophet :om ,i h appo9t$ = all nations2 he w in/ruct y 9 my law ( tru?1 :i* ! ,jews & ,*ri/ians h alt]$4 ,= a long "t ! accomplice play$ ?is game2 b at la/ he met ) ! blacke/ +ratitude4 ,! voice be+ he>d1 z usual1 proclaim+ him an inspir$ p]sonage1 ,mahomet turn$ to ! p1 & comm&$ !m1 9 ! "n ( t ,god :o _h recognis$ him z 8 prophet1 to fill up ! well ) /ones1 t x might be an endur+ witness 9 8 fav\r1 l t pill> :i* ,jacob set up to m>k ! place :]e ,god _h appe>$ to him4 #eh ,?us p]i%$1 mis]ably1 ! *ief :o _h mo/ contribut$ to ! elevation ( ,mahomet4 ,x 0 ^u ?is heap ( /ones t ! la/ ( ! ?ree mo/ celebrat$ impo/ors e/abli%$ 8 religion1 & s solid & /able is its f\ndation1 t aft] ! lapse ( twelve hundr$ ye>s !re is little appe>ance at pres5t ( its be+ ov]?r[n4 #bc4 ,9 ?is way 0 ! p[] ( ,mahomet e/abli%$2 & he 0 m =tunate ?an ,jesus1 inasmu* z he liv$ to see ! wide diffusion ( 8 doctr9es1 :i* ,*ri/ on acc\nt ( 8 want ( res\rces1 0 unable to d4 ,he 0 ev5 m =tunate 9 ?is respect ?an ,moses1 :o f excess ( ambition br\ght himself to a premature end4--,mahomet di$ 9 peace1 & load$ ) bless+s4 ,he _h1 moreov]1 a well-gr\nd$ hope t 8 religion w\ld la/1 because x 0 accommodat$ to ! nature ( a p born & br\ght up 9 ignorance2 an adaptation 9 :i* m5 m le>n$ ?an himself1 b less accu/om$ to associate ) ! l[] ord]s1 might h entirely fail$4 ,! read] is n[ 9 possession ( ! mo/ rem>kable facts conc]n+ ! ?ree mo/ celebrat$ legislators1 ^: religions h br\ght into subjection a great "p ( ! human race4 ,!y 7 su* z we h repres5t$ !m2 & x is = y to consid] if !y are wor?y ( y\r respect1 & if y are ju/ifi$ 9 all[+ y\rselves to be l$ by ^? :om ambition alone conduct$ to p[]1 & ^: dreams h be5 p]petuat$ by ignorance4 ,! foll[+ obs]vations1 if read ) a free & unprejudic$ m9d1 may lead to ! discov]y ( tru?1 by cle>+ away ^? mi/s :]e) y h be5 bl9d$ & beguil$4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,tru?s ,,evid5t ,,& ,,obvi\s ,,to ,,! ,,s5ses4 #a4 ,moses1 ,jesus ,*ri/1 & ,mahomet1 be+ su* z we h repres5t$ !m1 x is evid5t t x w\ld be useless to se>* 9 _! writ+s = a new idea ( ! ,div9ity4 ,! conf]5ces ( ,moses & ,mahomet ) ! ,deity1 & ! miracul\s conception ( ,jesus ,*ri/1 are ! greate/ impo/ures t h ev] met ! face ( day1 & y mu/ %un _! contemplation z y love ! tru?4 #b4 ,god1 z we h se51 be+ only ,nature1 or 9 o!r words ! comb9ation ( all be+s1 all prop]ties1 & all en]gies1 is necess>ily ! cause f :i* emanates e ?+1 & ( c\rse n di/9ct or diff]5t f its effects4 ,he _c be t]m$ good1 nor evil1 nor j1 nor m]ciful nor jeal\s3 ^! attributes belong only to mank9d4 ,! ,deity !re=e c nei!r puni% nor rew>d4 ,! opposite idea may lead aside ! ignorant1 :o1 conceiv+ ! ,div9ity to be an uncomp\nd$ ess5ce1 repres5t him to !mselves "u images altoge!r unsuit$ to 8 nature4 ,^? alone :o ex]cise _! judgm5t )\t conf\nd+ its op]ations ) ^? ( _! imag9ative faculty1 & :o h suffici5t /r5g? ( m9d to ca/ away ! prejudices ( infancy1 c =m a cle> & di/9ct conception ( ! subject4 ,!y reg>d him z ! au?or ( e be+1 produc+ !m )\t di/9ction1 & giv+ no pref]5ce to "o ov] ano!r1 & ^: p[] is su* t he creat$ man ) z mu* ease z he did ! meane/ worm1 or ! humble/ plant4 #c4 ,we mu/ !re=e believe t ?is univ]sal ,be+ :om we g5]ally "n ,god1 takes no great] c>e ( a man ?an ( an ant1 nor pays m att5tion to a lion ?an to a /one2 nei!r reg>ds ! beauty or de=mity1 good or evil1 p]fection or imp]fection4 ,he c>es n to be prais$1 besee*$1 s\ght alt]1 or flatt]$2 he is n affect$ by :at m5 say or d2 he is n susceptible ( love or hatr$3 #ei 9 "o ^w he is n m occupi$ ) man ?an he is ) ! re/ ( ! o!r creatures1 :atev] may be _! nature4 ,all ^! di/9ctions are m]ely ! inv5tions ( a limit$ und]/&+3 !y orig9ate 9 ignorance1 & self-int]e/ keeps !m up4 #d4 ,?us1 !re=e1 no rational man c believe 9 ,god1 nor 9 hell1 nor 9 spirits1 nor 9 devils1 9 ! s5se 9 :i* ! t]ms are g5]ally und]/ood4 ,^! big words h only be5 co9$ to intimidate & bl9d ! vulg>4 ,^? :o wi% to conv9ce !mselves ( ?is tru? w\ld d well to devote p>ticul> att5tion to :at foll[s1 & accu/om !mselves to susp5d _! judgm5t until aft] mature reflection4 #e4 ,! inf9ity ( />s :i* we see above u has n escap$ ! fictions ( presumptive cr$ulity4 ,among/ ! glitt]+ ho/s1 !re is "o said to h be5 set ap>t = ! cele/ial c\rt1 :]e ,god holds regal /ate 9 ! mid/ ( 8 c\rti]s4 ,?is place is ! resid5ce ( ! bless$1 )] ! s\ls ( ! virtu\s are convey$ aft] leav+ ! body4 ,we ne$ n dwell ^u an op9ion s frivol\s & s contradictory to common s5se4 ,x is well en\gh asc]ta9$ t :at we d5om9ate ! heav5s is m]ely a cont9uation ( ! air :i* surr\nds u--a fluid ?r\gh :i* ! o!r planets move1 l ! e>? :i* we inhabit1 unsu/a9$ & unconnect$ ) any solid mass :atev]4 #f4 ,! prie/s hav+1 l ! pagans ) _! ,gods & goddesses1 inv5t$ a heav51 :]e ,god & ! bless$ might dwell2 aft] ! same example next !y contriv$ a hell1 or subt]ranean place1 to :i*1 !y assure u1 ! spirits ( wick$ m5 g d[n = ! purpose ( be+ ev]la/+ly torm5t$4 ,n[1 ! ^w hell1 9 its orig9al s5se1 imports no m ?an a place d>k & deep2 & ! poets inv5t$ x z ! opposite to ! resid5ce ( ! bless$1 :i* !y repres5t$ z high & bright4 ,?is is ! exact signification ( ! ,lat9 t]ms inf]us & inf]i1 & ! ,greek hades2 any d>k place su* z a sepul*re1 or :atev] 0 fe>ful f its dep? & obscurity4 ,! :ole sprung f ! imag9ation ( ! poet & ! knav]y ( ! prie/s--! =m] kn[+ h[ to make an impression 9 ?is way1 on weak1 timid1 & melan*oly m9ds2 & ! latt] hav+ r m sub/antial reasons = cont9u+ ! delusion4 ,,*ap4 ,v4--,,on ,,! ,,s\l4 #a4 ,?is is r a m delicate subject to h&le ?an ! la/ :i* we _h occasion to treat (1 viz3 ,heav5 & ,hell4 ,= ! read]'s sake1 !re=e1 x mu/ be treat$ at great] l5g?2 b be=e def9+ x1 an exposition ( ! op9ions ( ! mo/ celebrat$ philosoph]s is necess>y1 :i* w be giv5 9 a few words1 9 ord] t ! read] may be ! bett] enabl$ to c>ry x along ) him4 #b4 ,_! op9ions are exce$+ly v>i$4 ,"s h pret5d$ t ! s\l is a _s or immat]ial ess5ce2 o!rs h ma9ta9$ t x is a "p ( ! ,div9ity2 o!rs ass]t t x is ! concord ( all p>ts ( ! body2 & "s uphold t x is ! mo/ subtle "p ( ! blood1 sep>at$ into ! bra91 & !nce di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,if ?is is e/abli%$1 ! s\l mu/ take its orig9 f ! he>t :i* creates x2 & ! place :]e x ex]cises its noble/ functions mu/ be ! bra91 z t organ is ! mo/ purifi$ f ! gross] p>ts ( ! blood4 ,su* are a few ( ! diff]5t op9ions :i* h be5 giv5 to ! _w 9 reg>d to ! s\l4 ,! bett] to develop !m1 we %all divide !m into two classes4 ,9 ! "o w be f\nd ! /atem5ts ( ^? philosoph]s :o consid]$ ! s\l z mat]ial2 & 9 ! o!r ^? ( ! opposite p>ty1 :o ma9ta9$ ! doctr9e ( its immat]iality4 #c4 ,py?agoras & ,plato h bo? ma9ta9$ ! doctr9e t ! s\l 0 immat]ial 9 its nature2 t is1 a be+ exi/+ )\t aid f ! body1 & capable ( action uncontroll$ by any ?+ corporeal4 ,!y hold t all ! individual spirits ( animals 7 emanations f ! univ]sal ,s\l ( ! ,_w1 & t ^! (f-giv+s 7 incorporeal1 immortal1 & ( ! same nature z ! p]vad+ ,ess5ce itself4 ,!y illu/rat$ _! doctr9e well1 by ! analogy ( a ?\s& little lights :i* are all ( ! same nature z ! great flame at :i* !y 7 k9dl$4 #d4 ,^! philosoph]s believ$ t ! univ]se 0 animat$ by an immat]ial ,ess5ce1 immortal & invisible1 kn[+ ev]y?+1 & act+ always2 & :i* is ! cause ( e movem5t1 & ! orig9 ( all spirits1 ^! be+ m]ely emanations f x4 ,!n1 z spirits are v subtle1 !y _c unite 7!y obs]ve7 unless !y c f9d a body subtle z ! light1 or z t exp&$ air :i* ! vulg> take = heav54 ,!y !re=e assume a body less subtle1 !n ano!r some:at gross2 & ?us by degrees !y come to be enabl$ to unite !mselves to ! bodies ( animals1 into :i* !y desc5d z into dungeons or sepul*res4 ,! dea? ( ! body1 accord+ to !m1 is ! life ( ! s\l1 :i* 0 9 a mann] buri$1 & c\ld only 9 a feeble way ex]cise its noble/ functions4 ,at ! dea? ( ! body1 ! s\l %akes (f mat]iality1 comes =? ( its prison-h\se1 & unites itself to ! ,s\l ( ! ,_w f :i* x emanat$4 ,accord+ to ?is op9ion !n1 all ! spirits ( animals are ( ! same nature2 & ! div]sity ( _! functions & faculties arises solely f ! diff]5ce ( ! bodies into :i* !y desc5d4 ,ari/otle supposes an univ]sal intellig5ce1 act+ on p>ticul> intellig5ces1 z light acts ^u ! eye2 & t z light r5d]s objects visible1 s does ?is univ]sal intellig5ce r5d] ! o!rs intellig5t4 ,?is philosoph] def9es ! s\l z t :]eby we live1 feel1 ?9k1 & move2 b he is unsatisfactory z to ! nature ( t ,be+ :i* is ! s\rce ( its noble/ functions4 ,x is ne$less1 !re=e1 to se>* 9 8 writ+s = a solution ( ! difficulties :i* exi/ ^u ?is subject4 ,dice>*us1 ,asclepiades1 & ,gali5us1 h also1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 believ$ t ! s\l 0 immat]ial1 b 9 a diff]5t way f t already allud$ to4 ,!y suppose t ! s\l is no?+ else ?an ! h>mony ( all ! p>ts ( ! body3 t is1 ! result ( an exact bl5d+ ( its elem5ts & disposition ( its p>ts1 its hum\rs1 & its ess5ces4 ,?us1 !y say1 z heal? is n a "p ( t :i* is heal?y1 al?\gh x is connect$ ) x1 s nei!r is ! s\l a "p ( ! animal1 al?\gh x be )9 x1 b simply ! h>mony ( all ^? p>ts :i* g to =m ! conta9+ body4 ,on ^! op9ions we mu/1 rem>k1 t _! def5d]s believe 9 ! immat]iality ( ! s\l on self-contradictory pr9ciples2 = to ma9ta9 t1 ! s\l is n a body1 b m]ely some?+ insep>ably atta*$ to a body1 is to say t x is corporeal4 ,we n only t]m t corporeal :i* is a body1 b ev]y?+ :i* has =m & accid5t1 & :i* _c be sep>at$ f matt]4 ,su* are ! op9ions ( ^? philosoph]s :o ma9ta9 t ! s\l is incorporeal or immat]ial4 ,we see t !y are discordant & contradictory to ea* o!r1 & consequ5tly little to be he$$ z po9ts ( fai?4 ,we n[ come to ! opposite p>ty1 :o h upheld ! doctr9e ( its mat]iality4 #e4 ,diog5es believ$ t ! s\l 0 compos$ ( air1 :5ce he d$uces ! necessity ( respiration4 ,he def9es x z an air :i* passes ?r\gh ! m\? into ! pulmon>y vessels1 :5ce x becomes w>m1 & :5ce x is di/ribut$ to e "p ( ! sy/em4 ,leucippus & ,democritus ass]t t x is fire1 & t1 l fire1 x is compos$ ( atoms :i* readily p5etrate all p>ts ( ! body1 & communicate motion to x4 ,hippocrates said t x 0 compos$ ( wat] & ( fire4 ,emp$ocles ?\ght t x 0 comp\nd$ ( ! f\r elem5ts4 ,epicurus believ$ ) ,democritus t ! s\l is compos$ ( fire1 b he adds t !re ent] into its composition1 air1 a vap\r1 & an indescribable sub/ance1 :i* is ! pr9ciple ( ?\ght4 ,out ( ^! f\r diff]5t sub/ances he makes to himself a v subtle _s1 p]vad+ all ! body1 & :i*1 he says1 we ought to t]m ! s\l4 ,desc>tes reasons also1 b 9 a v wret*$ mann]1 t ! s\l is n mat]ial4 ,i say 9 a v wret*$ mann]1 = nev] did philosoph] reason s badly on ?is subject z did ?is great man4 ,"h is 8 argum5t4 ,he sets outs by say+ t he mu/ d\bt 9 ! exi/5ce ( 8 own body1 believ+ t !re exi/s no su* ?+ z a body at all1 & !n he reasons 9 ?is fa%ion3 ,!re exi/s no body2 ,i exi/ nev]!less3 ,i am !re=e n a body1 & consequ5tly ,i c only be a sub/ance :i* ?9ks4 ,al?\gh ?is f9e reason+ de/roys itself suffici5tly1 ,i w yet take ! lib]ty ( giv+ my op9ion ( x 9 two words4 #a4 ,! d\bt :i* ,m4 ,desc>tes assumes is indef5sible2 = al?\gh "o may sometimes ?9k t he does n ?9k t he has a body1 x is true nev]!less t he has a body1 s9ce he ?9ks ( x4 #b4 ,:oev] believes t !re exi/s no body1 ought to be well assur$ t he is n "o himself2 = no "o c d\bt 9 8 own exi/5ce4 ,if he is assur$ 9 ?is matt]1 8 d\bt is useless4 #c4 ,:5 he says t ! s\l is a sub/ance :i* ?9ks1 he tells u no?+ new4 ,e p]son agrees 9 ?is2 b ! difficulty is to asc]ta9 ! nature ( t sub/ance :i* ?9ks1 & 9 ?is respect ,m4 ,desc>tes is no wis] ?an 8 pr$ecessors4 #f4 ,t we may n g crook$ z he has done1 & t we may =m ! s\nde/ conception possible ( ! s\l ( all animals1 )\t except+ man1 :o is ( ! same nature1 & :o only ex]cises diff]5t functions f ! diff]5ce 9 8 organization1 x is important to att5d to ! foll[+ rem>ks4 ,x is c]ta9 t !re exi/s 9 ! univ]se a v subtle fluid1 a sub/ance extremely att5uat$1 ^: s\rce is ! sun1 & :i* p]vades all o!r bodies1 less or m1 accord+ to _! nature & _! consi/5ce4 ,su* is ! s\l ( ! _w1 :i* gov]ns & vivifies x1 & ( :i* "s portion is di/ribut$ to all ! creatures 9 ! univ]se4 #fj ,?is s\l is ! pure/ fire4 ,x burns n ( itself1 b by diff]5t movem5ts1 :i* x communicates to ! p>ticles ( o!r bodies into :i* x ent]s1 x burns & make/ its w>m? be felt4 ,our visible fire conta9s m ( ?is matt] ?an air2 air1 m ?an wat]2 & e>?1 consid]ably less ?an any ( !m4 ,plants h m ( x ?an m9]als1 & animals m ?an ei!r4 ,9 f9e1 ?is fire p]vad+ ! body r5d]s x capable ( ?\ght1 & is t prop]ly t]m$ ! s\l1 al?\gh x sometimes receives ! appellation ( animal spirits1 :i* p]meate ! :ole body4 ,x is c]ta9 !re=e t ?is s\l be+ ( ! same nature z t ( animals1 is annihilat$ at ! dea? ( man1 z x is at t ( ! o!r creatures4 ,x foll[s t :atev] poets & div9es h told u ( a future /ate1 is only ! *im]ical (fspr+ ( _! own bra91 begott5 & n\ri%$ by !m = purposes :i* is by no means difficult to fa?om4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,on ,,! ,,spirits ,,call$ ,,demons #a4 ,we h expla9$ 9 ano!r place h[ ! notion ( spirits came to be introduc$ among m51 & prov$ t !y 7 m]ely phantoms :i* exi/$ only 9 _! disord]$ imag9ation4 ,! fir/ in/ructors ( mank9d 7 n v explicit 9 _! lessons to ! million z to ! nature ( ^! phantoms1 b !y c\ld n help say+ :at !y ?\ght ( !m4 ,"o class1 reflect+ t ^! %ad[s melt$ into ?9 air & _h no consi/5ce1 describ$ !m z immat]ial or incorporeal1 hav+ %apes )\t matt]1 b col\r$ & def9$4 ,at ! same "t h[ev]1 !y d5i$ t !y 7 corporeal exi/5ces1 or t !y 7 col\r$ or figur$2 add+ t !y c\ld clo! !mselves ) air z ) a g>m5t1 :5 !y wi%$ to become visible to ! eye ( m54 ,a second class ass]t t !y 7 animat$ bodies1 b t !y 7 compos$ ( air1 or "s /ill m subtle matt]1 :i* !y c\ld ?ick5 at _! pleasure1 :5 !y *ose to make _! appe>ance4 #b4 ,if ! two sorts ( philosoph]s 7 oppos$ to ea* o!r 9 _! op9ion z to ^? %ad[s1 !y agre$ z to _! "n1 viz41 ,demons2 9 :i* respect !y 7 z ^? :o1 :5 dream+1 believe t !y see ! s\ls ( p dep>t$1 & t x is _! own s\l :i* !y behold :5 !y look into a mirror--or1 9 %ort1 ^? :o c believe t ! reflections ( ! />s :i* !y see 9 ! wat] are ! s\ls ( ! />s !mselves4 ,out ( ?is truly ridicul\s belief !y w&]$ into an era no less absurd2 believ+ t ^! phantoms possess$ unlimit$ p[]--an idea suffici5tly devoid ( reason1 b curr5t among ! ignorant1 :o suppose t ^! be+s1 :om !y "k n1 c ex]t a fe>ful influ5ce4 #c4 ,?is mo/ absurd cre$ 0 inv5t$ & promulgat$ by legislators1 9 ord] to support _! own au?ority4 ,!y e/abli%$ ?is belief 9 spirits "u ! "n ( religion1 hop+ t ! dread ( ^! invisible p[]s :i* ! p w\ld ent]ta91 might keep !m to _! duty4 ,to give ! m weight to _! dogma1 !y classifi$ ^? spirits or demons z good & bad2 ! "o species be+ int5d$ to /imulate m5 to ! obs]vance ( _! laws1 & ! o!r to act z a *eck & prev5t _! break+ !m4 ,to asc]ta9 :at ^! demons really 71 x is only necess>y to read ! works ( ! ,greek poets & hi/orians1 & above all1 ! ,!ogany ( ,hesiod1 :]e he dwells at great l5g? on ! orig9 ( ! gods4 #d4 ,! ,greeks inv5t$ !m4 ,f t p !y pass$ by means ( _! colonies into ,asia1 ,egypt1 & ,italy4 ,9 ?is way ! ,jews1 :o 7 disp]s$ 9 ,alex&ria & else:]e became acqua9t$ ) !m4 ,!y made ! same happy use ( !m z o!r nations did--) ?is diff]5ce1 t1 unlike ! ,greeks1 !y did n call !m demons1 or reg>d !m z good & bad spirits indiff]5tly4 ,!y consid]$ !m all z bad ) "o s+le exception1 to :om !y gave ! "n ( ! ,_s1 or ,god2 & !y t]m$ ^? m5 prophets :o said t !y 7 inspir$ by ! good ,_s4 ,f>!r1 !y view$ z ! op]ations ( ?is div9e ,_s :atev] !y consid]$ z a great bless+2 & on ! o!r h&1 !y look$ ^u :atev] !y ?\ght to be a great evil1 z proce$+ f "s cacodemon or evil _s4 #e4 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 good & evil l$ !m to ! use ( ! appellation demoniacs1 :i* !y appli$ to lunatics1 madm51 furi\s p]sons1 & epileptics1 z also to ^? :o made use ( ! unkn[n tongues4 ,a man de=m$ & some:at d]ang$1 0 said to be possess$ ( an unclean _s2 & a dumb man by a dumb _s4 ,^! words1 _s & demon1 became s famili> to !m t !y us$ !m on e occasion4 ,x foll[s t ! ,jews believ$ ) ! ,greeks1 t ^! phantoms 7 nei!r *im]ical nor vision>y1 b real & sub/antial ag5ts4 #f4 ,h5ce x is t ! ,bible is fill$ ) tales ( spirits1 & demons1 & demoniacs2 b 9 no place ( t book is x said h[ & :5 !y 7 creat$--an omission sc>cely p>donable on ! "p ( ,moses1 :o und]takes to give an acc\nt ( ! creation bo? ( ! heav5s & ( ! e>?4 ,*ri/ :o speaks v frequ5tly ( angels & spirits1 good & bad1 does n in=m u :e!r !y are mat]ial or immat]ial4 ,?is makes x evid5t t bo? ( !m 7 ignorant ( ! fact t ! ,greeks _h in/ruct$ _! ance/ors 9 ?is /range belief4 ,7 ! case o!rwise1 ,jesus ,*ri/ w\ld be no less culpable = 8 sil5ce on ! subject1 ?an he is = 8 refusal to grant to ! majority ( ! human race1 t grace1 t fai?1 & t piety1 :i* he assures !m x is 9 8 p[] to be/[4 ,b to return to ! subject ( ,spirits4 ,x is c]ta9 ^! words ,demons1 ,satan1 ,devil1 are only prop] names int5d$ to apply to any obnoxi\s individual ( our own species2 & t1 at no p]iod did any b ! mo/ ignorant believe 9 _! exi/5ce1 ei!r among/ ! ,greeks :o inv5t$1 or ! ,jews :o adopt$ ! t]ms4 ,aft] ! latt] became infect$ ) su* notions1 !y appli$ ^! words :i* signify enemy1 accus]1 & de/roy]1 at "o "t to invisible ,p[]s1 & at ano!r1 to ^? :i* are visible4 ,?us1 !y decl>$ ( ! ,g5tiles1 t _! dwell+ 0 9 ! k+dom ( ,satan2 !re be+ none o!r ?an !mselves 7by _! own acc\nt ( ! matt]7 :o dwelt 9 ! k+dom ( ,god4 #g4 ,jesus ,*ri/ be+ a ,jew1 & consequ5tly imbu$ ) ^! op9ions1 we ne$ n be surpris$ :5 we meet 9 ! gospels & ! writ+ ( 8 disciples ! words ,devil1 ,satan1 & ,hell1 z if !y 7 any?+ real or sub/antive4 ,we h %[$ be=e t !re c be no?+ m *im]ical2 b al?\gh :at 0 said might suffice to satisfy rational m51 we are n ! less necessitat$ to add a few words1 9 an attempt to conv9ce ! bigott$4 ,all ,*ri/ians agree t ,god is ! s\rce ( ev]y?+2 t he creat$ all ?+s--t he su/a9s !m1 & t )\t 8 support !y w\ld drop into annihilation4--,f ^! pr9ciples1 x is c]ta9 t he creat$ t be+ :om !y call ! ,devil1 or ,satan4 ,:e!r he 7 creat$ good or evil is no?+ to ! argum5t2 he is inconte/ibly ! "w ( ! great ,head1 & if he cont9ue to exi/1 all wick$ z !y repres5t him to be1 x mu/ only be at ! good pleasure ( ,god4 ,n[1 h[ is x possible to conceive t ,god w\ld pres]ve "o ( 8 creatures1 :o n only hates him mortally1 & blasphemes him )\t end1 b :o sets himself to s$uce ! fri5ds ( ! ,almighty = ! sole purpose ( mortify+ him4 ,h[ is x possible1 ,i repeat1 t ,god c p]mit ?is ,devil to exi/1 :o turns aside f 8 wor%ip ! favor$ & ! elect1 & :o w\ld de?rone him 7 x 9 8 p[]8 ,?is is :at we wi% to say 9 speak+ ( ,god1 or r 9 speak+ ( ! ,devil & ,hell4 ,if ,god is almighty1 & if no?+ c happ5 )\t 8 p]mission1 h[ comes x t ! devil hates him1 blasphemes him1 & s$uces 8 wor%ipp]s8 ,! ,deity ei!r cons5ts to ?is or he does n4 ,if he cons5ts to x1 ! ,devil 9 blasphem+ him is only do+ 8 duty1 s9ce he c d no?+ b :at ,god wi%es1 & consequ5tly x is n ! ,devil1 b ,god himself :o blasphemes himself1--a fe>fully absurd supposition4 ,if he does n cons5t to x he _c be omnipot5t1 & !re mu/ be two pr9ciples1 ! "o ( good1 & ! o!r ( evil--! "o aim+ at "o ?+1 & ! o!r at its direct opposite4 ,to :at !n leads our reason+8 ,to ?is2 t nei!r ,god1 nor ! ,devil1 nor ,p>adise1 nor ,hell1 nor ! ,s\l1 are su* z religion has repres5t$ !m to be1 & z mo/ rev]5d div9es h ma9ta9$4 ,^! latt] sell _! fables = tru?s1 be+ p ( bad fai? :o abuse ! cr$ulity ( ! ignorant by mak+ !m believe :atev] !y please2 z if ! vulg> 7 absolutely unfitt$ to he> ! tru? & c\ld be n\ri%$ by no?+ b ^? absurdities1 9 :i* a rational m9d c only discov] a va/ ( no?+1 & a wa/e ( folly4 ,! _w has be5 long infect$ ) ^! mo/ absurd op9ions1 yet 9 e age m5 h be5 f\nd--tru?-lov+ m5--:o h /riv5 aga9/ ! absurdities ( _! day4 ,?is little treatise has be5 writt5 f l motives1 & 9 x ! lov]s ( tru? w d\btless meet ) "s ?+s satisfactory4 ,x is to !m t ,i appeal1 c>+ little = ! op9ion ( ^? :o sub/itute _! own prejudices 9 place ( infallible oracles4 ,happy ! man1 :o1 /udy+ ,nature's laws1 ,?r\gh kn[n effects c trace ! secret cause2 ,8 m9d possess+ 9 a quiet /ate1 ,fe>less ( ,=tune1 & resign$ to ,fate4 ,dryd5's ,translation ( ,virgil1 ,georgics1 ,book ,,ii4 l4 #gjj4 ,,notes #a ,daniel ,george ,mor(1 :o di$ sudd5ly on ! #cj? ( ,june #afia4 #b ,librum de tribus impo/oribus absit ut ,pap tribuam1 aut ,pap oppugnatoribus2 jam olim inimici ,fr$]ici ,b>b>oss ,imp]atoris famam sp>s]ant libri talis1 quasi jussu ipsius scripti1 s$ ab eo tempore1 nemo e/ qui vid]it2 qu>e fabulam esse arbitror4 #c ,apud ,nevizanum #a4 ,sylvae nupt4 #b4 n4 #aba4 #d ,d\btless ,av]roes "h alludes to t law ( ,mahomet :i* wisely prohibits ! use ( pork 9 a hot & pe/il5tial climate4--,translator's ,note4 #e ,dissem9avit i/e impius ha]eticus 9 ,hispania1 su* is ! language made use ( by ,alv>o ,pelagius1 quod tres deceptores fu]unt 9 mundo1 scilicet1 ,moises1 qui decept]at ,judaeos1 et ,*ri/us1 qui decept]at ,*ri/ianos1 et ,mahometus1 qui decepit ,s>raz5os4 #f ,et sic falsa e/ ,porphirii s5t5tia1 qui dixit tres fuisse g>rulatores qui totum mundum ad se conv]t]unt2 primus fuit ,moises 9 populo ,judaico1 secundus ,mahometus1 t]tius ,*ri/us4 #g ,qui 9 qu/ionem v]t]e presumunt1 dic5tes2 quis 9 hec mundo majorem g5tium aut populorum sequelam habuit1 an ,*ri/us1 an ,moises1 an ,mahometus8 #h ,e classical s*ol> mu/ h he>d ( ! demon ( ,socrates4 ,! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( su* ag5cies 0 suffici5tly preval5t 9 ! ,ea/ #bjjj ye>s ago1 & ! ,jews 7 9 ?is respect1 z cr$ul\s z _! neighbors4 ,we read 9 ,acts1 c4 iv4 v4 #g1 t ! lead]s ( ! ,sanh$rim enquir$ ( ! ,apo/le ,pet]1 ,by :at p[] or by :at "n1 h ye done ?is2 evid5tly ackn[l$g+ _! belief t x 0 possible to "w miracles by ! invocation ( "s my/]i\s p[]4 ,! ,apo/le1 himself a ,jew1 seems to und]/& _! cre$2 b he answ]s !m 9 a way = :i* !y 7 n altoge!r prep>$4--,translator's ,note4 #i deficabat s9e pecunia1 judicabat s9e consci5tia1 scribebat s9e sci5tia4 #aj ,non ,bl&ratum1 non ,alciatum1 non ,o*9um ad ,mahotnetismum impul]unt2 non ,valleum ad a!ismi pr(essionem indux]unt2 non alium quemdam ad sp>g5dum libellum de tribus impo/oribus1 quorum secundus esset ,*ri/us ,dom9us1 duo alii ,moises et ,mahometes1 pellex]unt4 #aa ,v9c5tii ,panurgii epi/ola tribus impo/oribus1 ad cl>issimum virum ,joannem--,bapti/am ,mor9um ,m$icum4 #ab ,isaac de ,peyr]e publi%$ 8 ,pre-,adamite doctr9e 9 #afee4 ,?is set ( fanatics1 :o 7 p]suad$ by _! l5d]s t ! g5]al race ( mank9d _h lo/ no?+ ( _! innoc5ce by ! fall ( ,adam1 made _! appe>ance1 7bo? m5 & wom57 9 ! /reets ( ,mun/]1 & else:]e1 9 ! same robeless condition z our fir/ p>5ts 71 :5 !y w&]$ 9 ! b[]s ( ,p>adise be=e ! eat+ ( t =bidd5 fruit1 :i* ,br\ght dea? into ! _w & all our woe4 ,! magi/rates ( ! city attempt$ to put !m d[n b fail$2 & ! milit>y _h "s difficulty 9 ext+ui%+ ?is absurdity4--,translator's ,note4 #ac ,mon/rum illud hom9is1 diis inf]is a secretis scelus1 nef>ii illius tractatus de tribus impo/oribus au?or quantumvis ab omni ,religione ali5us1 adeo ut nec ,judaeus1 nec ,turca1 nec ,*ri/ianus fu]it1 plane tam5 a?oeus non erat4 #ad ,consult ,bayle's ,diction>y on ?is subject1 article1 ,trabea4 #ae ,quid vel hac sola dubitatione 9 ,*ri/iana s*ola cogit>a pote/ p]niciosius8 #af ,nef>ium tillud rium impo/orum comm5tum s5 lib] contra ,*ri/um1 ,moisem et ,mahometan ,capomi nup] ab illis qui ,evangelo ,calv9i s adductissimos pr(it5tur typis excussus e/4 #ag ,h9c ,boccaccius 9 fabellis prob>e cont5dit non posse disc]ni int] legem ,*ri/i1 ,moisis et ,mahometis1 quia eadem signa hab5t uti tres annuli consimiles4 #ah ,f4 ,i4 ,s4 ,d4 namely1 ,fr$]icus ,imp]ator ,salutem ,dicit ,o?oni illu/rissimo amico meo c>rissimo4 #ai ,quod de tribus famosissimis nationum deceptoribus 9 ord9em jussu meo digessit doctissimus ille vir quorum s]monem de illa re 9 museo meo habu/i exscribi curavi2 atque ,codicem illum /ylo aeque v]o ac puro scriptum ad te quam primum mitto2 et5um1 c4 #bj ,!re is a measure 9 e ?+4 #ba ,?is phrase is frequ5tly employ$ to express ecclesia/ical criticism4 ,its fir/ application h[ev] _h a m pung5t mean+4--,! individual "h allud$ to hav+ boldly assail$ ! errors ( ! ,*ur* 0 attack$ "o ev5+ by an assass94 ,=tunately ! bl[ did n prove fatal2 b ! weapon 7a /ylus1 or dagg]1 :i* is also ! ,lat9 "n = a p57 hav+ be5 left 9 ! w\nd--on 8 recov]y he wore x 9 8 girdle labell$1 ,! ,!ological ,/ylus1 or ,p5 ( ! ,*ur*4 ,! tr5*ant p[]s ( ?is in/rum5t h m frequ5tly be5 employ$ to repress tru?1 ?an to refute argum5t4 #bb ,moses put to dea? 9 "o day #bd1jjj m51 because !y resi/$ 8 laws4 #bc ,we read 9 ! ,book ( ,k+s1 *ap4 xxii1 v4 #f1 t ,ahab1 ! ,k+ ( ,israel consult$ #djj prophets :o 7 all false1 z ! result ( _! vatic9ations %[$4 #bd ,g5esis1 *ap4 iv1 v4 #g4 #be ,i4 ,samuel *ap4 xv1 v4 #aa4 #bf ,j]emiah1 *ap4 xviii1 v4 #aj4 #bg ,ct]a1 qu fi]i 9 t]ris1 ,coeloque tu5tur ,mortales pavidis cum p5d5t m5tibus spe ,efficiunt animos humiles =mid9e ,divum1 ,depressosque premunt ad t]ram1 propt]ea quod ,ignorantia caus>um conf]re ,deorum ,cogit ad imp]ium res1 et conc$]e regnum3 et ,quorum op]um causas nulla ratione vid]e ,possunt hc fi]i ,div9o num9e r5tur4 ,lucret4 de ,r]4 ,nat4 ,lib4 ,,vi4 v4 #di et seq4 #bh ,:at appe>s to our limit$ conceptions to be evil or app>5tly unju/1 is entirely ow+ to our hav+ no comm5surate ideas ei!r ( ! goodness or ! ju/ice ( ! ,deity4--,bol+broke's ,works1 ,vol4 iv1 p4 #aag4--,translator's ,note4 #bi ,acts1 *ap4 xvii1 v4 #bh4 #cj ,qui autem negabit ,deum esse corpus1 etsi ,deus ,spiritus8 ,t]tul adv4 ,prax4 cap4 vii4 #ca ,^! f\r ,c\ncils 71 ,fir/1 t ( ,nice1 7#cbe7 "u ,con/ant9e & ,pope ,sylve/]3 ,second1 t ( ,con/ant9ople1 #cha1 "u ,gratian1 ,val5t9ian1 ,!odosius1 & ,pope ,damasus3 ,?ird1 t ( ,ephesus1 #dca1 "u ,!odosius ,,ii1 ,val5t9ian1 & ,pope ,cele/93 & ,f\r?1 t ( ,*alc$on1 #dea1 "u ,val5t9ian1 ,m>cianus1 & ,pope ,leo ,i4 #cb ,! ,talmud in=ms u t ! ,rabbis delib]at$ :e!r !y ought n to /rike f ! li/ ( ,canonical writ+s ! books ( ,prov]bs & ,ecclesia/es1 & t !y only sp>$ !m because !y made fav\rable m5tion ( ,moses & 8 law4 ,! prophecies ( ,ezekiel 7:i* ! ,jews 7 n p]mitt$ to read until !y 7 ?irty ye>s ( age7 w\ld to a c]ta9ty h be5 expung$ f ! sacr$ ,catalogue1 if a le>n$ ,rabbi _h n und]tak5 to reconcile !m ) ! same ,law4 #cc ,consult ,hobbes' ,levia?an ,de ,hom9e1 *ap4 xli1 pages #ef1 #eg & #eh4 #cd ,philip ( ,mac$on _h s5t auxili>ies & money to ,hannibal 9 ,africa4 ,inf5sos ,philippo1 ob auxilia cum pecunia nup] 9 ,africam missu ,annibale4 ,levy1 ,book xxxi4 *ap4 #a4--,translator's ,note4 #ce ,hobbe's ,levia?an1 ,de ,hom9e1 *ap4 xii1 pp4 #ef & #eg4 #cf ,hobbes1 ubi supra ,de ,hom9e1 *ap4 xii4 pages #eh & #ei4 #cg ,?is ^w mu/ n be tak5 9 its usual acceptation4 ,:at rational m5 und]/& by ! t]m is a dext]\s man1 an able *eat1 & a ma/] ( juggl]y1 :i* requires great read9ess & address2 & n by any means a p]son 9 compact ) ! ,devil z ! vulg> suppose4 #ch ,& he said1 ,leave u n1 ,i pray !e2 = z mu* z ?\ kn[e/ h[ we are to encamp 9 ! wild]ness1 & ?\ maye/ be to u in/ead ( eyes4--,num4 *ap4 x1 v4 #ca4 #ci ,exodus iv4 #af4 #dj ,:5 ,romulus 0 review+ 8 =ces 9 ! pla9 ( ,caprae1 "h sudd5ly arose a ?und]-/orm1 dur+ :i* he 0 envelop$ 9 s ?ick a cl\d t he 0 lo/ to ! view ( 8 army2 nor !reaft] on ?is e>? 0 ,romulus se54--,liv4 #a4 ,i4 c4 #af4--,translator's note4 #da ,hobbes' ,levia?an2 de hom9e1 *ap4 xii4 pp4 #ei & #fj4 #db ,x is record$ by ,livy1 t !re is a grove1 ?r\gh :i* fl[$ a p]5nial /ream1 tak+ its orig9 9 a d>k cave1 9 :i* ,numa 0 accu/om$ to meet ! goddess1 & receive in/ructions z to 8 political & religions in/itutions4--,liv4 #a4 ,i4 c4 #ba4 #dc ,qu'un beau ,pigeon a tire d'aile ,vi5ne obom br] une ,purcelle1 ,ri5 n'e/ sur pr5ant en cela2 ,l'on en vit autant en ,lydie4 ,et le beau ,cygne de ,l$a ,vaut bi5 le ,pigeon de ,m>ie4 #dd ,i4 ,samuel1 *ap4 viii4 vs4 #e & #f4 #de ,! ,gospel accord+ to ,john1 *ap4 viii4 v4 #g4 #df ,mat!w's ,gospel1 *ap4 xxii4 v4 #ba4 #dg ,mat!w's ,gospel1 *ap4 xxi4 v4 #bg4 #dh ,sa9t ,paul1 ,hebrews1 *ap4 viii4 v4 #ac speaks 9 ^! t]ms3 ,9 t he sai? a new cov5ant1 he ha? made ! fir/ old4 ,n[ t :i* decaye? & waxe? old is ready to vani% away4--,translator's note4 #di ,?is 0 ! op9ion ( ,pope ,leo ,x4 z appe>s f an expression ( 81 :i*1 consid]+ t x 0 made use ( at a "t :5 ! philosophical _s ( inquiry _h made little progress1 0 rem>kably bold4 ,x has be5 well kn[n 9 all ages1 he obs]v$ to ,c>d9al ,be9bo1 h[ mu* ?is fable ( ,jesus ,*ri/ has be5 pr(itable to u & ours4 ,quantum nobis no/risque sa de ,*ri/o fabula pr(u]it1 satis e/ omnibus saeculis notum4 #ej ,confessions1 #a4 ,,vii4 c4 ix4 v4 #bh4 #ea ,see ! disc\rse ( ,ari/ophanes1 9 ! ,banquet ( ,plato4 #eb ,luke's ,gospel1 *ap4 xvi4 v4 #bd4 #ec ,! ,city ( ,god1 book ,i4 *ap4 xiv4 #ed ,orig4 adv4 ,cels4 #a4 ,,viii4 *ap4 iv4 ,comp>e )1 ,mat!w1 *ap4 xix4 v4 #bd4 #ee ,op4 adv4 ,jor94 #a4 ,,ii4 *ap4 viii4--,9 indication ( _! refusal to take an oa?1 ! ,society ( ,fri5ds quote ! words ( ,*ri/1 ,swe> n at all2 unaw>e1 or ov]look+1 t ?is expression is descriptive ( a /ate ( social p]fection1 :5 ! ^w ( a man w be z good z 8 oa?4 ,_m o!rs ( ,*ri/'s precepts besides ?is are unobs]v$ by ,*ri/ians1 su* z ',lay n up = y\rselves treasures on e>?1' ',give to e "o t aske?1 & f him t w\ld borr[ ( y turn n ?\ away4' ,! morality ( ,*ri/ is a beau ideal s f> f be+ realiz$1 t !re is n ev5 a similitude ( x 9 ! ,*ri/ian _w4 ,! ,quak]s :o vaunt+ly obey ?is precept reg>d+ oa?s1 has no hesitation 9 break+ ! o!r precepts respect+ ! ho>d+ ( money1 & refus+ to give x away4--,translator's ,note4 #ef ,/4 ,paul4 #eg ,i c believe1 obs]ves ! ,c\nt de ,b\la9villi]s1 t ,mahomet 0 ignorant ( ! common elem5ts ( education4 ,b assur$ly he 0 n ignorant 9 respect to t va/ k :i* a f> travell$ man ( great natural p[]s may acquire4 ,he 0 n ignorant ( 8 native tongue1 al?\gh he c\ld n read x1 be+ ma/] ( all its subtl5ess & all its beauties4 ,he 0 ?or\ghly qualifi$ to r5d] hateful :atev] 0 truly blamewor?y1 & to pa9t tru? 9 col\rs s simple & vivid1 t x 0 impossible to misund]/& x4 ,all t he has said is true1 z reg>ds ! ess5tial dogmas ( ,religion2 b he has n said all t is true1 & 9 ?is respect alone does our religion diff] f 84 ,f>!r on he adds1 t ,mahomet 0 nei!r ignorant nor a b>b>ian2 he conduct$ 8 ent]prise ) all ! skill1 delicacy1 p]sev]ance1 & intrepidity1 :i* 0 necess>y to ensure its success4 ,8 views 7 z l(ty z any :i* ,alex&] ! ,great1 or ,julius ,cs>1 7 capable ( ent]ta9+1 _h !y be5 9 8 position4--,life ( ,mahomet by ,c\nt de ,b\la9villi]s1 book ,,ii4 pp4 #bff-h4 ,am/]dam edit4 #agca4 #eh ,g5esis *ap4 xxviii4 v4 #ah4 #ei ,omnis enim p] se divum natura necesse e/ ,immortali aevo summa cum pace fruatur1 ,semota ab no/ris rebus1 sejunctaque longe2 ,nam privata dolore omni1 privata p]iclis ,ipsa suis poll5s opibus3 nihil indiga no/ri1 ,nec b5e prom]itis capitur1 nec tangitur ira4 ,lucretius de ,r]um ,nat4 ,book ,i4 v4 #eg1 & foll[+4 #fj ,if a "w be translat$1 x always receives a col\r+1 :i* is m or less fa9t or vivid accord+ to ! op9ions & ability ( ! ,translator4--,volney's ,lectures on ,hi/ory4