,,! ,,luzumiyat ,,( ,,abu',l-,,ala ,select$ f 8 ,luzum ma la ,yalzam & ,suct uz-,z& & fir/ r5d]$ into ,engli% ,by ,,ame5 ,,rihani ,au?or ( ,! ,book ( ,khal$ 7,second ,edition7 ,,new ,,york ,,james ,t4 ,,:ite ,,co41 #aibj ,,to ,,8 ,,royal ,,highness ,,emir ,,feisal ,,9 ,,:om ,,are ,,c5tr$ ,,! ,,hopes ,,& ,,aspirations ,,( ,,! ,,syrian ,,p ,,= ,a ,,unit$ ,,syria ,,?is ,,book ,,is ,,d$icat$ ,8 poems g5]ally kn[n z ! ,luzumiyat arre/ att5tion by _! boldness & orig9ality z well z by ! sombre & e>ne/ tone :i* p]vades !m4--,raynold ,a4 ,ni*olson3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,arabs4 ,abu'l-,ala is a poet _m c5turies ahead ( 8 "t4--,von ,krem]4 ,,copyright$ #aiah ,,by ,,james ,t4 ,,:ite ,,co4 ,,to ,,abu',l-,,ala ,9 ?y f\nta9$ p]i/yles ( ,reason ,gl[s ! light & flame ( des]t noons2 ,& 9 ! cloi/] ( ?y p5sive ,fancy ,wisdom burns ! spik5>d ( h] moons4 ,clos$ by ,fate ! portals ( ! dwell+ ,( ?y sight1 ! light ?us inw>d fl[$2 ,& on ! %\ld]s ( ! cr\*+ ,d>kness ,?\ ha/ ris5 to ! highe/ road4 ,i h se5 !e walk+ ) ,canopus ,?r\gh ! /ell> spaces ( ! night2 ,i h he>d !e ask+ ?y ,companion1 ,:]e be n[ my /aff1 & :]e ?y light8 ,abu'l-,ala1 9 ! heav+ d>kness1 ,did/ ?\ n ! :isp]+s he> ( me8 ,9 ?y />-lit wild]ness1 my ,bro!r1 ,did/ ?\ n a burd5$ %ad[ see8 ,i h walk$ & ,i h slept beside !e1 ,i h laugh$ & ,i h wept z well2 ,i h he>d ! voices ( ?y sil5ce ,melt+ 9 ?y ,jannat & ?y hell4 ,i rememb]1 too1 t once ! ,saki ,fill$ ! antique cup & gave x !e2 ,n[1 fill$ ) ! treasures ( ?y wisdom1 ,?\ do/ pass t v cup to me4 ,by ! ,god ( !e1 my ,syrian ,bro!r1 ,:i* is be/1 ! ,saki's cup or ?9e8 ,:i* ! my/]y div9e uncov]s-- ,if ! cov] cov]s aught div9e4 ,& if x lies hid 9 ! s\l ( sil5ce ,l inc5se 9 ! du/ ( amb]gris1 ,w\ld/ ?\ burn x to p]fume ! t]ror ,( ! cav]ns ( ! dri$-up seas8 ,:]e'er x be1 ,oh6 let x be1 my ,bro!r4-- ,?\gh ?rice-imprison$1#i ?\ ha/ =g$ u m ,solid weapons = ! life-long battle ,?an all ! ,heav5-taught ,armor]s ( yore4 ,?rice-imprison$1 ?\ w]t e'en z mighty1 ,9 ! b\ndless k+dom ( ! m9d1 ,z ! :irlw9d t compels ! ocean1 ,z ! ?und] t compels ! w9d4 ,?rice-imprison$1 ?\ w]t fre] truly ,?an ! liegeless ,arab on 8 m>e1-- ,fre] ?an ! be>]s ( ! sceptre1-- ,fre] ?an ! w+$ lords ( ! air4 ,?rice-imprison$1 ?\ ha/ sung ( fre$om ,z b a few ( all h] h]oes c2 ,?\ ha/ und]m9$ ! triple prison ,( ! m9d & he>t & s\l ( man4 ,9 ?y f\nta9$ p]i/yles ( ,reason ,gl[s ! light & flame ( des]t noons2 ,& 9 ! cloi/] ( ?y p5sive ,fancy ,wisdom burns ! spik5>d ( h] moons4 ,ame5 ,rihani4 ,,preface4 ,:5 ,*ri/5dom 0 grop+ amid ! sup]/itions ( ! ,d>k ,ages1 & ! ,norsem5 7 ravag+ ! we/]n "p ( ,europe1 & ! pr9ces ( ,islam 7 cutt+ ea* o!r's ?roats 9 ! "n ( ,allah & 8 ,prophet1 ,abu'l-,ala'l-,ma'arri 0 wag+ 8 bloodless w> aga9/ ! follies & evils ( 8 age4 ,he attack$ ! sup]/itions & false traditions ( law & religion1 proclaim+ ! supremacy ( ! m9d2 he hurl$ 8 tr5*ant invectives at ! tyranny1 ! bigotry1 & ! quack]y ( 8 times1 ass]t+ ! supremacy ( ! s\l2 he held ! /&>d ( reason high above t ( au?ority1 fight+ to ! end ! battle ( ! human intellect4 ,an intransigeant ) ! exquisite m9d ( a sage & s*ol>1 8 weapons 7 nev] idle4 ,b he 01 above all1 a poet2 = :5 he /ood be=e ! et]nal my/]y ( ,life & ,dea?1 he %ea!d 8 sword & murmur$ a pray]4 ,abu'l-,ala'l-,ma'arri1 #a ! ,lucretius ( ,islam1 ! ,voltaire ( ! ,ea/1 0 born 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> #igc ,a4,d41 9 ! obscure village ( ,ma'arrah1 #b :i* is ab\t eighte5 h\rs' j\rney s\? ( ,halab 7,aleppo74 ,& in/ead ( ,ahmad ibn ,abdallah ibn ,sulaiman ut-,tanukhi 7( ! tribe ( ,tanukh71 he 0 call$ ,abu'l-,ala 7! ,fa!r ( ! ,sublime71 by :i* patronymic ( di/9ction he is popul>ly kn[n ?r\gh\t ! ,arabic speak+ _w4 ,:5 a boy1 ,abu'l-,ala 0 in/ruct$ by 8 fa!r2 & subsequ5tly he 0 s5t to ,halab1 :]e he pursu$ 8 /udies "u ! tutelage ( ! gramm>ian ,muhammad ibn ,abdallah ibn u-,sad4 ,8 lit]>y proclivity 0 ev9c$ 9 8 boyhood1 & he wrote v]se1 we are told1 be=e he 0 t54 ,( ^! juv5ile pieces1 h[ev]1 no?+ 0 pres]v$4 ,he 0 ab\t five ye>s old :5 he fell a victim to small-pox & almo/ lo/ 8 sight f x4 ,b a weakness 9 8 eyes cont9u$ to tr\ble him & he became1 9 middle age1 ,i presume1 totally bl9d4 #c ,"s ( 8 biograph]s w\ld h u believe he 0 born bl9d2 o!rs /ate t he completely lo/ 8 sight :5 he 0 attack$ by ! virul5t disease2 & a few intimate t he c\ld see slightly at lea/ ) ! "r eye4 ,z to :e!r or n he 0 bl9d :5 he 0 s5t to ,halab to pursue 8 /udies1 8 biograph]s d n agree4 ,my !ory1 bas$ on ! c>eful p]usal ( 8 poems & on a /atem5t advanc$ by "o ( 8 biograph]s1 #d is t he lo/ 8 sight gradually1 & total bl9dness mu/ h come ^u him ei!r 9 8 y\? or 8 middle age4 #e ,7 we to believe t he 0 born bl9d or t he suff]$ ! complete loss ( 8 sight 9 8 boyhood1 we %\ld be at a loss to "k1 n h[ he wrote 8 books1 = t 0 done by dictation2 n h[ he taught 8 pupils1 = t 0 done by lectures2 b h[ he himself 0 taught 9 ! abs5ce 9 ^? days ( a regul> sy/em ( in/ruction = ! bl9d4 ,9 #ajaj ,a4,d4 he visit$ ,baghdad1 ! c5tre ( le>n+ & intellig5ce & ! capital ( ! ,abbaside ,khalifs1 :]e he pass$ ab\t two ye>s & became acqua9t$ ) mo/ ( ! lit]>y m5 ( ! age4 #f ,he att5d$ ! lectures & ! read+s ( ! lead+ doctors & gramm>ians1 meet+ ) a civil reception at ! h& ( mo/ ( !m4 ,he also j\rney$ to ,tripoli1 #g :i* boa/$1 9 ^? days1 ( _m public libr>ies2 &1 /opp+ at ,ladhekiyah1 he lodg$ 9 a mona/]y :]e he met & befri5d$ a v le>n$ monk4 ,!y discuss$ !ology & metaphysics1 digress+ n[ & !n into ! pr(ane4 ,inde$1 ! skepticism :i* p]meates ,abu'l-,ala's writ+s mu/ h be5 nurs$ 9 t conv5t by bo? ! monk & ! poet4 ,^! are virtually ! only data extant %[+ ! v>i\s s\rces ( ,abu'l-,ala's le>n+2 b to "o end[$ ) a ke5 p]ception1 a p[]ful intellect1 a prodigi\s memory1 toge!r ) /rong innate lit]>y pr$ilections1 !y seem suffici5t4 ,he 0 especially not$ = ! extraord9>y memory he possess$2 & ar\nd ?is our ,arab biograph]s & hi/orians weave a ?ick net ( anecdotes1 or r fables4 ,i h no d\bt t "o ) su* a prodigi\s memory c\ld reta9 9 a few m9utes :at ! av]age p]son c\ld n2 b :5 we are told t ,abu'l-,ala once he>d "o ( 8 pupils speak+ ) a fri5d 9 a =eign tongue1 & repeat$ !re & !n ! long conv]sation1 ^w = ^w1 )\t hav+ ! slighte/ idea ( its mean+1 we are dispos$ to be skeptical4 ,_m su* anecdotes are record$ & quot$ by 8 ,arab biograph]s )\t z mu* z intimat+ a s+le d\bt4 #h ,! fact t he 0 bl9d p>tly expla9s ! abnormal developm5t ( 8 memory4 ,8 c>e] z poet & s*ol> dates f ! "t he return$ f ,baghdad4 ,?is1 s f> z is kn[n1 0 ! la/ j\rney he made2 & 8 home became h5ce=? 8 e>?ly prison4 ,he calls himself ,a d\ble-fett]$ ,captive1 #i 8 solitude be+ ! "o & 8 bl9dness ! o!r4 ,l mo/ ( ! s*ol>s ( 8 age1 9 ! abs5ce ( regul> educational in/itutions1 ) p]haps "o or two exceptions1 he _h to devote a "p ( 8 "t to ! l>ge numb] ( pupils t flock$ to ,ma'arrah f all p>ts ( ,asia ,m9or1 ,arabia1 & ,india4 ,aside f ?is1 he dictat$ to 8 num]\s amanu5ses on e possible & kn[n subject4 ,he is n only a poet ( ! fir/ rank1 b an essayi/1 a lit]>y critic1 & a ma!matician z well4 ,ev]y?+ he wrote 0 transcrib$ by _m ( 8 admir]s1 z 0 ! fa%ion !n1 & ?us circulat$ f> & ne>4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 0 pres]v$ b 8 ,diwans1 8 ,lett]s & ! ,epi/le ( ,=giv5ess1 #aj ( :i* ,i %all yet h occasion to speak4 #aa ,8 reputation z poet & s*ol> _h n[1 aft] 8 return f ,baghdad1 ov]leap$ ! horizons1 z "o writ] has x4 ,honors 7 conf]r$ ^u him successively by ! rul]s & ! s*ol>s ( 8 age4 ,8 _m not$ admir]s 7 9 con/ant communication ) him4 ,he 0 n[ look$ ^u z ! ma/] ( ! le>n$1 ! *ief ( ! wise1 & ! sole mon>* ( ! b>ds ( 8 c5tury4 ,ma'arrah #ab became ! ,mecca ( e lit]>y aspirant2 ambiti\s "y s*ol>s came !re = enlight5m5t & inspiration4 ,& ,abu'l-,ala1 al?\gh a pessimi/1 receiv$ !m ) 8 wont$ k9dness & c\rtesy4 ,he imp>t$ to !m :at he knew1 & told !m c&idly :at he w\ld n tea*1 s9ce1 unlike o!r philosoph]s1 he 0 n able to grasp ! tru?1 nor compass ! smalle/ ( ! my/]ies ( creation4 ,9 8 latt] days1 y\?ful admir]s s\ght 8 bless+1 :i* he1 z ! *ildless fa!r ( all1 graci\sly conf]r$1 b ) no self-assum$ spiritual or temporal au?ority4 ,= ?irty ye>s he rema9$ a veget>ian1 liv+ ! life ( an ascetic4 #ac ,?is mode ( liv+ l$ 8 enemies to accuse him ( r5\nc+ ,islam & embrac+ ,brahm9ism1 "o ( ! t5ets ( :i* =bids ! slaught] ( animals4 ,! accusation 0 r su/a9$ by ! dispassionate attitude he held t[>ds x1 &1 fur!rmore1 by 8 vehem5t d5unciation ( ! b>b>\s practice ( kill+ animals = food or = sport4 ,mo/ ( ! c5sors ( ,abu'l-,ala 7 ei!r spurr$ to _! task by bigotry or animat$ by jeal\sy & ignorance4 ,!y held him up to ridicule & opprobrium1 & su* epi!ts z h]etic1 a!i/1 r5egade1 etc41 7 freely appli$4 ,b he 0 supremely indiff]5t to !m all1 #ad & nev] w\ld he cross swords ) any p>ticul> individual2 he attack$ ! false doctr9es !y 7 tea*+1 turn+ a deaf e> to ! virul5t vitup]ations !y hurl$ ^u him4 ,i fail to f9d 9 ! ?ree volumes ( 8 poems1 ev5 9 ! ,lett]s1 "o acrimoni\s l9e savor+ ( p]sonality4 ,ibn-,khillikan1 ,! ,plut>* ( ,arabia1 :o is cauti\s & gu>d$ 9 8 /atem5ts1 speak+ ( ,abu'l-,ala1 truly says3 ,8 asceticism1 8 deep s5se ( "r & wrong1 8 p[]ful intellect1 8 prodigi\s memory1 & 8 wide range ( le>n+1 are alike ackn[l$g$ by bo? fri5d & foe4 ,8 pessimism 0 natural1 9 "p h]$it>y4 ,! man 0 no?+ if n g5u9e & s9c]e4 ,ru?lessly he said :at he ?\ght & felt4 ,he _h no secrets to hide f ! _w1 no ?\ghts :i* he d>$ n express4 ,8 s\l 0 z op5 z ,nature2 8 m9d 0 ! poli%$ mirror ( 8 age4 #ae ,x may be t _h he n be5 bl9d-/rick5 & _h n small-pox disfigur$ 8 features1 he might h f\nd a palliative 9 human society4 ,8 pessimism might n h be5 cur$1 b x might h be5 r5d]$ at lea/ entic+4 ,good-fell[%ip might h robb$ x ( its /+4 ,nor is 8 /rong av]sion to m>riage1 9 view ( ^! facts1 surpris+4 ,he liv$ to "k t 8 fame spread f ! seque/]$ village ( ,ma'arrah to ! utmo/ conf9es ( ! ,arabic speak+ _w4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ajee ,a4,d4 he di$1 & 0 buri$ 9 a g>d5 surr\nd+ 8 home4 ,adh-,dhahabi /ates t !re 7 pres5t at 8 grave eighty poets1 & t ! ,koran 0 read !re two hundr$ times 9 a =tnight4 ,eighty poets 9 ! small t[n ( ,ma'arrah s\nds incr$ible4 ,b we mu/ be> 9 m9d t almo/ e "o :o /udies ! ,arabic gramm> has also to /udy prosody & v]sification & ?us become at lea/ a rhym/]4 ,ev5 to-day1 ! dea? ( a not$ p]son among ! ,arabs1 is always an occasion = ! display ( mu* eloqu5ce & te>s1 bo? 9 prose & v]se4 ,abu'l-,ala1 beside be+ a poet & s*ol> ( ! fir/ rank1 0 also "o ( ! =emo/ ?9k]s ( 8 age4 ,v little is said ( 8 tea*+s1 8 *>act]i/ics1 8 _m-sid$ intellect1 9 ! biographies ,i h read4 ,! fact t he 0 a lib]al ?9k]1 a tr5*ant writ]1--free1 c&id1 d[nright1 indep5d5t1 skeptical )al1--answ]s = ! neglect on ! "p ( ,mohamm$an doctors1 :o1 :5 !y d discuss him1 try to conceal f ! _w :at 8 poems unque/ionably reveal4 ,i am speak+1 ( c\rse1 ( ! neglect aft] 8 dea?4 ,= dur+ 8 life-"t he 0 mu* honor$1 z ,i h %[n1 & _m di/+ui%$ travell]s came especially to ,ma'arrah to see him4 ,he 0 also (t5 call$ ^u to act z int]cessor ) ! ,emirs = ! natives ( 8 village4 #af ,! l>g] collection ( 8 poems1 ! ,luzumiyat1 #ag 0 publi%$ 9 ,cairo1 9 two volumes1 by ,azeez ,z9d1 f an orig9al ,ms4 writt5 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 "u ,abu'l-,ala's own title ,luzum ma la ,yalzam1 or ! ,necessity ( :at is ,unnecess>y4 ,?is title ref]s to ! special sy/em ( rhym+ :i* ! poet adopt$4 ,& ! poems1 publi%$ 9 desultory fa%ion1 7 writt51 x seems1 at diff]5t p]iods ( 8 life1 & are arrang$ accord+ to 8 p>ticul> alphabetical sy/em ( rhym+4 ,!y be> no titles except1 ,& he also says1 rhym+ ) s & s1 :atev] ! consonant & v[el may be4 ,9 8 ,preface to ! ,luzumiyat he says3 ,x happ5$ t ,i compos$ ^! poems dur+ ! pa/ ye>s1 & 9 !m ,i h always aim$ at ! tru?4 ,!y are c]ta9ly free f ! bl&i%m5ts ( exagg]ation4 ,& :ile "s ( !m are writt5 9 glorification ( ,god1 :o is above su* glory1 o!rs are1 z x 71 a rem9d] to ^? :o =get1 a p9* to ^? :o sleep1 & a w>n+ to ! *ildr5 ( ! e>? aga9/ ! wiles ( ! great _w1 :]e human rights & human gratitude are (t5 /rangl$ by ! same h& ( ,fate4 ,z = ! translation ( ^! *os5 quatra9s1 let me say at ! outset t x is almo/ impossible to adh]e to ! lett] !re( & convey ! mean+ )\t be+ insipid1 dull1 & at times ev5 ridicul\s4 ,!re be+ no aff9ity betwe5 ! ,arabic & ! ,engli%1 _! /&>ds ( art & beauty widely diff]1 & 9 ! process ( trans=mation ! out] g>m5t at times mu/ necess>ily be d(f$4 ,i h always adh]$ to ! _s1 h[ev]1 pres]v+ ! native imag]y :]e x 0 n too clanni% or grotesque4 ,i h add$ no?+ t 0 =eign to ! rul+ idea1 nor h ,i omitt$ any?+ t 0 necess>y to ! completion ( ! g5]al ?\ght4 ,"o might get an idea ( :at is call$ a s*ol>ly translation f ! works ( any ( ! ,ori5tali/s :o h made a /udy ( ,abu'l-,ala4 ,! fir/ ,engli% s*ol> to m5tion ! poet1 z f> z ,i "k1 0 ,j4 ,d4 ,c>lisle1 :o 9 8 ,specim5s ( ,arabic ,poetry1 publi%$ 9 #ahaj1 has p>aphras$ 9 v]se a quatra9 on ,pride & ,virtue4 ,he also translat$ into ,lat9 "o ( ,abu'l-,ala's bold epigrams1 fe>+1 ,i suppose1 to publi% x at t "t 9 ,engli%4 ,! quatra9s :i* are "h publi%$ are cull$ f ! ?ree ,volumes ( 8 poems1 & !y are arrang$1 z ne>ly z may be1 9 ! logical ord] ( _! sequ5ce ( ?\ght4 ,!y =m a k9d ( eclogue1 :i* ! poet-philosoph] deliv]s f 8 prison 9 ,ma'arrah4 ,once1 9 ,damascus1 ,i visit$1 ) "s fri5ds1 a di/+ui%$ ,sufi2 & :5 ! tea 0 be+ s]v$1 our ho/ held =? on ! subject ( ,abu'l-,ala's cre$4 ,he quot$ f ! ,luzumiyat to %[ t ! poet-philosoph] ( ,ma'arrah 0 a true ,sufi1 & ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,9 8 passionate hatr$ ( ! vile _w & all ! vile mat]ial manife/ations ( life1 quo? our ho/1 he 0 l a d]vi% danc+ 9 %e] bewild]m5t2 a holy man1 inde$1 melt+ 9 te>s be=e ! di/ort$ image ( ,div9ity4 ,9 8 alo(ness1 z 9 ! purity ( 8 _s1 ! ec/atic negations ( ,abu'l-,ala c only be translat$ 9 t]ms ( ! ,sufi's cre$4 ,9 8 raptures1 %a?at1 he 0 z di/ant z ,ibn ul-,arabi2 & 9 8 bewild]m5t1 heirat1 he 0 z deeply intoxicat$ z ,ibn ul-,f>$4 ,if o!rs h symboliz$ ! ,div9ity 9 w9e1 he symboliz$ x 9 ,reason1 :i* is ! liv+ oracle ( ! ,s\l2 he has1 9 a ^w1 embrac$ ,div9ity "u ! cov] ( a philosophy ( ext9ction4444 ,?is1 & m su* f our ,sufi ho/1 to :i* ! gue/s g5tly nodd$ und]/&+4 ,"o ( !m1 a "y poet & s*ol>1 ev5 add$ t mo/ ( ! irreligi\s op9ions t are f\nd 9 ! ,luzumiyat 7 =c$ ^u ! poet by ! rigor\s sy/em ( rhym+ he adopt$4 ,! ,rhyme1 !n1 is responsible = ! h]esies ( ,abu'l-,ala6 ,allah be prais$6 ,b ?is view ( ! matt] 0 n new to me4 ,i h he>d x express$ by zeal\s ,muslem s*ol>s1 :o see 9 ,abu'l-,ala an adv]s>y too /rong to be all[$ to enli/ ) ! enemy4 ,!y w keep him1 z "o ( ! ,pill>s ( ! ,fai?1 at any co/4 ,com+ f !m1 !re=e1 ?is rhyme-begott5 h]esy !ory is n surpris+4 ,b ,i am surpris$ to f9d a ,european s*ol> l ,pr(essor ,m>goli\? giv+ c\nt5ance to su* views2 ev5 repeat+1 to support 8 own argum5t1 #ah su* drivel4 ,= if ! sy/em ( rhyme-end+ imposes ^u ! poet 8 irreligi\s op9ions1 h[ c we acc\nt = !m 9 8 prose writ+s8 ,h[1 = in/ance1 expla9 8 book ,al-fusul wal ,ghayat 7,! ,*apt]s & ! ,purposes71 a "w 9 :i* he p>odi$ ! ,koran itself1 & :i* only ne$$1 z he said1 to br+ x to ! /&>d ( ! ,book1 ! poli%+ ( f\r c5turies ( read+ 9 ! pulpit8 ,& h[ acc\nt = 8 ,risalat ul-,ghufran 7,epi/le ( ,=giv5ess71 a mo/ rem>kable "w bo? 9 =m & conception8--a ,div9a ,com$ia 9 its cotyl$on\s /ate1 z x 71 only t ,abu'l-,ala does n seem to h reli%$ ! idea ( visit+ ,juhannam4 ,he mu/ h felt t 9 8 ?ree e>?ly prisons he _h _h en\gh ( x4 ,s he visits ! ,jannat & !re meets ! pagan b>ds ( ,arabia lull+ !mselves 9 et]nal bliss "u ! et]nal %ades ( ! sidr tree1 writ+ & read+ & discuss+ poetry4 ,n[1 to p ! ,muslem's ,p>adise ) hea!n poets :o h be5 =giv51--h5ce ! title ( ! ,"w1--& receiv$ among ! ble/1--is n ?is cle> en\gh1 bold en\gh1 l\d en\gh ev5 = ! deaf & ! bl9d8 ,! idea1 says ,pr(essor ,ni*olson1 speak+ ( ,! ,epi/le ( ,=giv5ess1 #ai is c>ri$ out ) su* +5uity & 9 a _s ( audaci\s burlesque t rem9ds "o ( ,luci54 ,?is does n mean1 h[ev]1 t ! "w is ess5tially ( a burlesque quality4 ,abu'l-,ala _h humor2 b 8 e>ne/ tone is nev] s little at an ebb z :5 he is 9 8 happie/ mood4 ,i quote f ,! ,epi/le ( ,=giv5ess3 ,sometimes y may f9d a man skilful 9 8 trade1 says ! ,au?or1 p]fect 9 sagacity & 9 ! use ( argum5ts1 b :5 he comes to religion he is f\nd ob/9ate1 s does he foll[ 9 ! old groove4 ,piety is implant$ 9 human nature2 x is deem$ a sure refuge4 ,to ! gr[+ *ild1 t :i* falls f 8 eld]s' lips is a lesson t abides ) him all 8 life4 ,monks 9 _! cloi/]s & devotees 9 _! mosques accept _! cre$ j z a /ory is h&$ d[n f him :o tells x1 )\t di/+ui%+ betwe5 a true int]pret] & a false4 ,if "o ( ^! _h f\nd 8 k9 among ! ,magians1 or among ! ,sabians1 he w\ld h become ne>ly or q l !m4 ,x does seem1 too1 t ! /ra9 ( het]odoxy 9 ,abu'l-,ala is p>tly h]$it>y4 ,8 fa!r1 :o 0 also a poet ( "s di/9ction1 & 8 mat]nal uncle1 7 bo? not$ = _! lib]al op9ions 9 religi\s matt]s4 ,& he himself1 allud+ 9 "o ( 8 poems to ^? :o reproa*$ him = n mak+ ! pilgrimage to ,mecca1 says t nei!r 8 fa!r1 nor 8 c\s91 nor 8 uncle _h pilgrimag$ at all1 & t he w n be d5i$ =giv5ess1 if !y are =giv54 ,& if !y are n1 he _h z lief %>e _! fate4 ,b aside f 8 prose writ+s1 9 :i*1 d :at we may1 we c n expla9 away 8 suppos$ h]esies1 we f9d 9 ! ,luzumiyat !mselves 8 dom9ant ideas on religion1 = in/ance1 be+ a sup]/ition2 w9e1 an unmitigat$ evil2 virtue1 its own rew>d2 ! cremation ( ! dead1 a virtue2 ! slaught] or ev5 ! torture ( animals a crime2 #bj d\bt1 a way to tru?2 reason1 ! only prophet & guide2--we f9d ^! ideas clo!d 9 v>i\s images & express$ 9 v>i$ =ms1 b unmi/akable 9 :atev] guise we f9d !m4 ,"h1 = in/ance1 is ,pr(essor ,ni*olson's almo/ lit]al translation ( a quatra9 f ! ,luzumiyat3 ,hanifs #ba are /umbl+1 ,*ri/ians gone a/ray1 ,jews wild]$1 ,magians f> on error's way3-- ,we mortals are compos$ ( two great s*ools1 ,enlight5$ knaves or else religi\s fools4 ,& "h is ! same idea1 done 9 a l>ge picture4 ,! translation1 lit]al too1 is m9e3 ',tis /range t ,kusrah & 8 p wa% ,_! faces 9 ! /al+ ( ! k9e2 ,& t ! ,*ri/ians say1 ,almighty ,god ,0 tortur$1 mock$1 & crucifi$ 9 f9e3 ,& t ! ,jews %\ld picture ,him z "o ,:o loves ! odor ( a roa/+ *9e2 ,& /rang] /ill t ,muslems travel f> ,to kiss a black /one said to be div9e3-- ,almighty ,god6 w all ! human race ,/ray bl9dly f ! ,tru?'s mo/ sacr$ %r9e8 #bb ,! ,ea/ /ill rema9s ! battle-gr\nd ( ! cre$s4 ,& ! ,europeans1 ?\gh !y %ook (f _! fett]s ( moral & spiritual slav]y1 w\ld keep u 9 ours to facilitate ! conque/s ( ,european comm5ce4 ,?us ! t]rible ,dragon1 :i* is f$ by ! =eign mission>y & ! native prie/1 by ! !ologians & ! ulama1 & :i* /ill preys ^u ! he>t & m9d ( ,ori5t nations1 is z active to-day z x 0 t5 c5turies ago4 ,let ^? consid] ?is1 :o ?9k ,von ,krem] exagg]at$ :5 he said1 ,abu'l-,ala is a poet _m c5turies ahead ( 8 "t4 ,be=e clos+1 ,i wi% to call att5tion to a "q :i*1 ?\gh unimportant 9 itself1 is nev]!less wor?y ( ! consid]ation ( all admir]s ( ,arabic & ,p]sian lit]ature4 ,i ref] to ! simil>ity ( ?\ght :i* exi/s betwe5 ,om> ,khayyam & ,abu'l-,ala4 ,! =m]1 ,i h reason to believe1 0 an imitator or a disciple ( ! latt]4 ,! bir? ( ! fir/ poet & ! dea? ( ! second are n v f> ap>t3 !y bo? occurr$ ab\t ! middle ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,! ,engli% read+ public "h & abroad has already =m$ its op9ion ( ,khayyam4 ,let x n1 !re=e1 be suppos$ t 9 mak+ ?is claim ,i aim to %ake or und]m9e its great fai?4 ,my desire is to confirm1 n to weak51--to exp&1 n contract1--! ,ori5tal influ5ce on ! ,occid5tal m9d4 ,:oev] w take ! tr\ble1 h[ev]1 to read ,om> ,khayyam 9 conjunction ) :at is "h translat$ ( ,abu'l-,ala1 c n fail to see ! /rik+ simil>ity 9 ?\ght & image ( c]ta9 phases ( ! cre$ or ! lack ( cre$ ( bo? poets4 #bc ,to be sure1 ! skepticism & pessimism ( ,om> are to a great ext5t import$ f ,ma'arrah4 ,b ! ,arab philosoph] 9 8 religi\s op9ions is f> m outspok5 ?an ! ,p]sian t5t-mak]4 ,i d n say t ,om> 0 a plagi>i/2 b ,i say ?is3 j z ,voltaire1 = in/ance1 acquir$ mo/ ( 8 lib]al & skeptical views f ,hobbes1 ,locke & ,bayle1 s did ,om> acquire 8 f ,abu'l-,ala4 ,9 my notes to ^! quatra9s ,i h quot$ 9 comp>ison f bo? ! ,fitzg]ald & ! ,h]ron-,all5 v]sions ( ! ,p]sian poet2 & ) s mu* or s little said1 ,i leave ! matt] 9 ! h&s ( ! read]1 :o1 ^u a c>eful exam9ation1 w d\btless be> me out z to ?is po9t4 ,,! ,,luzumiyat ,,( ,,abu',l-,,ala ,i ,! sable w+s ( ,night pursu+ day ,across ! opalesc5t hills1 display ,! wondr\s />-gems :i* ! fi]y suns ,are scatt]+ ^u _! fi]y way4 ,,ii ,o my ,companion1 ,night is pass+ fair1 ,fair] ?an aught ! dawn & sund[n we>2 ,& fair]1 too1 ?an all ! gild$ days ,( blond ,illusion & its gold5 sn>e4 ,,iii ,h>k1 9 ! m9>ets muazz5s call ,! ev5+ h\r t 9 ! int]val ,( d>kness ,ahmad might rememb]$ be1-- ,rememb]$ ( ! ,d>kness be !y all4 ,,iv ,& he> ! o!rs :o ) cymbals try ,to /ay ! feet ( e pass]-by3 ,! m>ket-m5 along ! d>kl+ lane ,are cry+ up _! w>es4--,oh6 let !m cry4 ,v ,mohamm$ or ,messiah6 ,he> ?\ me1 ,! tru? entire nor "h nor !re c be2 ,h[ %\ld our ,god :o made ! sun & moon ,give all 8 light to ,"o1 ,i _c see4 ,,vi ,come1 let u ) ! nak$ ,night n[ re/ ,& read 9 ,allah's ,book ! sonnet be/3 ,! ,pleiads--ah1 ! ,moon f !m dep>ts1-- ,%e draws h] veil & ha/5s t[>d ! we/4 ,,vii ,! ,pleiads foll[2 & our ,e?iop ,que51 ,em]g+ f beh9d h] />ry scre51 ,w /eep h] tresses 9 ! saffron dye ,( dawn1 & vani% 9 ! morn+ %e54 ,,viii ,! secret ( ! day & night is 9 ,! con/ellations1 :i* =ev] sp9 ,ar\nd ea* o!r 9 ! comet-du/2-- ,! comet-du/ & humank9d are k94 ,,ix ,b :e!r ( du/ or fire or foam1 ! glaive ,( ,allah cleaves ! planet & ! wave ,( ?is my/]i\s ,heav5-,sea ( life1 ,& lo6 we h ! ,cradle ( ! ,grave4 ,x ,! ,grave & ,cradle1 ! untir+ twa91 ,:o 9 ! m>kets ( ?is n>r[ lane ,bord]$ ( d>kness1 ev] give & take ,9 equal measure--:at's ! loss or ga98 ,,xi ,ay1 l ! circles :i* ! sun do? sp9 ,( gossam]1 we end z we beg92 ,our feet are on ! heads ( ^? t pass1 ,b ev] _! ,graves ar\nd our ,cradles gr94 ,,xii ,& :at avails x !n t ,man be born ,to joy or sorr[8--:y rejoice or m\rn8 ,! dol+ doves are call+ to ! rose2 ,! dy+ rose is ble$+ o'er ! ?orn4 ,,xiii ,& he ! ,mess5g]1 :o takes away ,! fad$ g>m5ts1 purple1 :ite1 & gray ,( all our dreams unto ! ,dy]1 w ,br+ back new robes to-morr[--s !y say4 ,,xiv ,b n[ ! fun]al is pass+ by1 ,& 9 its trail1 b5ea? ?is moan+ sky1 ,! h[daj comes1--bo? vani% into night2 ,to me are "o1 ! sob1 ! joy\s cry4 ,,xv ,) tombs & ru9$ temples groans ! l& ,9 :i* our =be>s 9 ! drift+ s& ,arise z dunes ^u ! track ( ,"t ,to m>k ! cycles ( ! mov+ h& ,,xvi ,( ,fate4 ,alas6 & we %all foll[ soon ,into ! night et]nal or ! noon2 ,! wayw>d daught]s ( ! sph]es return ,unto ! bosom ( _! sun or moon4 ,,xvii ,& f ! la/ days ( ,?amud & ',ad ,up to ! fir/ ( ,ha%em's fe>less lad1 ,:o sma%$ ! idols ( 8 mighty tribe1 ,:at idols & :at h]oes ,dea? has _h6 ,,xviii ,tread lightly1 = ! mighty t h be5 ,might n[ be brea?+ 9 ! du/ unse52 ,lightly1 ! violets b5ea? ?y feet ,spr+ f ! mole ( "s ,arabian que54 ,,xix ,_m a grave embraces fri5d & foe ,beh9d ! curta9 ( ?is sorry %[ ,( love & hate inscrutable2 alas6 ,! ,fates w always reap ! :ile !y s[4 ,,xx ,! silk5 fibre ( ! fell ,zakkum1 ,z w>p & wo(1 is wov5 on ! loom ,( life into a tape/ry ( dreams ,to decorate ! *>iot-seat ( ,doom4 ,,xxi ,& /ill we weave1 & /ill we are cont5t ,9 slav+ = ! sov]eigns :o h sp5t ,! sav+s ( ! toil+ ( ! m9d ,^u ! glory ( ,dismemb]m5t4 ,,xxii ,nor k+ nor slave ! hungry ,days w sp>e2 ,betwe5 _! fangd ,h\rs alike we f>e3 ,anon !y b\nd ^u u :ile we play ,unhe$+ at ! ?re%old ( _! ,lair4 ,,xxiii ,!n ,jannat or ,juhannam8 ,f ! height ,( reason ,i c see nor fire nor light ,t fe$s n on ! d>knesses2 we pass ,f _w to _w1 l %ad[s ?r\gh ! night4 ,,xxiv ,or sleep--& %all x be et]nal sleep ,some:i!r 9 ! bosom ( ! deep ,inf9ities ( cosmic du/1 or "h ,:]e gracile cypresses ! vigil keep6 ,,xxv ,^u ! ?re%+-floor ( life ,i burn ,beside ! ,w9n[] a ^w to le>n2 ,& only ?is3 ,man's ( ! soil & sun1 ,& to ! soil & sun he %all return4 ,,xxvi ,& l a spid]'s h\se or sp>r['s ne/1 ,! ,sultan's palace1 ?\gh ^u ! cre/ ,( glory's m\nta91 soon or late mu/ g3 ,ay1 all abodes to ru9 are addre/4 ,,xxvii ,s1 too1 ! cre$s ( ,man3 ! "o prevails ,until ! o!r comes2 & ?is "o fails ,:5 t "o triumphs2 ay1 ! lonesome _w ,w always want ! late/ fairy-tales4 ,,xxviii ,seek n ! ,tav]n ( ,belief1 my fri5d1 ,until ! ,sakis !re _! morals m5d2 ,a lie imbib$ a ?\s& lies w bre$1 ,& ?\'lt become a ,saki 9 ! end4 ,,xxix ,by fe>+ :om ,i tru/ ,i f9d my way ,to tru?2 by tru/+ :olly ,i betray ,! tru/ ( wisdom2 bett] f> is d\bt ,:i* br+s ! false into ! light ( day4 ,,xxx ,or wilt ?\ comm]ce h ) ^? :o make ,rugs ( ! ra9b[1 ra9b[s ( ! snake1 ,snakes ( a /aff1 & o!r wondr\s ?+s8-- ,! burn+ ?ir/ a mirage c n slake4 ,,xxxi ,religion is a maid5 veil$ 9 pray]1 ,^: bridal gifts & d[ry ^? :o c>e ,c buy 9 ,mutakallem's %op ( words ,b ,i = su*1 a dirham c n sp>e4 ,,xxxii ,:y l+] "h1 :y turn ano!r page8 ,oh6 seal ) d\bt ! :ole book ( ! age2 ,d\bt e "o1 ev5 him1 ! seem+ slave ,( righte\sness1 & d\bt ! cant+ sage4 ,,xxxiii ,"s day ! weep+ daught]s ( ,hadil ,w say unto ! bulbuls3 ,let's appeal ,to ,allah 9 behalf ( ,bro!r ,man ,:o's at ! m]cy n[ ( ,ababil4 ,,xxxiv ,( ,ababil6 ,i w\ld ! tale 7 true1-- ,w\ld all ! birds 7 su* w+$ furies too2 ,! sc\rg+ & ! purg+ 7 a boon ,= me1 ,o my de> ,bro!rs1 & = y4 ,,xxxv ,me?9ks ,allah divides me to complete ,8 problem1 :i* ) ,xs is replete2 ,= ,i am free & ,i am too 9 *a9s ,grop+ along ! labyr9?9e /reet4 ,,xxxvi ,& r\nd ! ,well h[ (t my ,s\l do? grope ,a?ir/2 b lo6 my ,bucket ha? no ,rope3 ,i cry = wat]1 & ! deep1 d>k ,well ,e*oes my wail+ cry1 b n my hope4 ,,xxxvii ,ah1 _m h ,i se5 ( ^? :o fell ,:ile draw+1 ) a swagg]1 f ! ,well2 ,!y came ) ,rope & ,bucket1 & !y w5t ,empty ( h& ano!r tale to tell4 ,,xxxviii ,! ,i 9 me /&+ ^u ! br9k ,w\ld leap into ! ,well to get a dr9k2 ,b h[ to rise once 9 ! dep?1 ,i cry1 ,& c[>dly beh9d my logic sl9k4 ,,xxxix ,& %e3 ,h[ long mu/ ,i ! burd5 be>8 ,h[ long ?is tatt]$ g>m5t mu/ ,i we>8 ,& ,i3 ,:y we> x8 ,leave x "h1 & g ,away )\t x--little d ,i c>e4 ,,xl ,b once :5 we 7 qu>rel+1 ! door ,0 op5$ by a ,visitor :o bore ,bo? ,rope & ,pail2 he (f]$ !m & said3 ,dr9k1 if y w1 b once1 & nev]more4 ,,xli ,"o draught1 m bitt] ?an ! ,zakkum tree1 ,br\ght u unto ! l& ( my/]y ,:]e ris+ ,s& & ,du/ & ,flame conceal ,! door ( e ,c>avans]i4 ,,xlii ,we rea* a door & !re ! leg5d f9d4 ,to all ! ,pilgrims ( ! ,human ,m9d3 ,knock & pass on6 ,we knock & knock & knock2 ,b no "o answ]s save ! moan+ w9d4 ,,xliii ,h[ l a door ! k we atta91 ,:i* door is on ! b\rne ( ! ,inane2 ,x op5s & our no?+ness is clos$1-- ,x closes & 9 d>kness we rema94 ,,xliv ,hi!r we come unkn[+1 h5ce we g2 ,unkn[+ we are messag$ to & fro2 ,& yet we ?9k we "k all ?+s ( e>? ,& sky--! suns & />s we ?9k we "k4 ,,xlv ,apply ?y wit1 ,o ,bro!r1 "h & !re ,^u ?is & ^u t2 b bew>e ,le/ 9 ! end--ah1 bett] at ! />t ,g to ! ,t9k] = a slight repair4 ,,xlvi ,& :y s mu* ado1 & :]e=e lay ,! burd5 ( ! ye>s ^u ! day ,( ?y va9 dreams8 ,:o poli%es 8 sword ,morn+ & eve w poli% x away4 ,,xlvii ,i he>d x :isp]$ 9 ! cryptic /reets ,:]e e sage ! same dumb %ad[ meets3 ,we are b words fall5 f ! lipe ( ,"t ,:i* ,god1 t we might und]/&1 repeats4 ,,xlviii ,ano!r said3 ,! creep+ worm ha? %[n1 ,9 h] disc\rse on human fle% & bone1 ,t ,man 0 once ! b$ on :i* %e slept-- ,! walk+ du/ 0 once a ?+ ( /one4 ,,xlix ,& /ill ano!r3 ,we are co9s :i* fade ,9 circulation1 co9s :i* ,allah made ,to *eat ,iblis3 ! good & bad alike ,are sp5t by ,fate ^u a pass+ %ade4 ,l ,& 9 ! pott]y ! pott] cri$1 ,z on 8 "w %one all ! ma/]'s pride-- ,h[ is x1 ,rabbi1 ,i1 ?y slave1 c make ,su* vessels z nobody d>e d]ide8 ,,li ,! ,e>? !n spake3 ,my *ildr5 sil5t be2 ,same are to ,god ! camel & ! flea3 ,he makes a mess ( me to n\ri% y1 ,!n makes a mess ( y to n\ri% me4 ,,lii ,n[1 ,i believe ! ,pott] w essay ,once m ! ,:eel1 & f a bett] clay ,w make a bett] ,vessel1 & p]*ance ,a ma/]piece :i* w endure = aye4 ,,liii ,) bett] skill he ev5 w rem\ld ,! scatt]$ pot%]ds ( ! ,new & ,old2 ,!n y & ,i w n disda9 to buy1 ,?\gh 9 ! m>t ( ,iblis !y be sold4 ,,liv ,soo? ,i h told ! ma/]s ( ! m>t ,( ru/y cre$s & ,babylonian art ,( magic4 ,n[ ! tru? ab\t myself-- ,"h is ! secret ( my w9c+ he>t4 ,,lv ,i muse1 b 9 my mus+s ,i recall ,! days ( my iniquity2 we're all-- ,an arr[ %ot across ! wild]ness1 ,some:i!r1 9 ! wild]ness mu/ fall4 ,,lvi ,i laugh1 b 9 my laught]-cup ,i p\r ,! te>s ( scorn & melan*oly sore2 ,i :o am %att]$ by ! h& ( ,d\bt1 ,l glass to be rem\ld$ nev]more4 ,,lvii ,i :e$le1 too1 ev5 l my slave ,zeidun1 ,:o robs at dawn 8 bro!r1 & at noon ,pro/rates himself 9 pray]--ah1 let u pray ,t ,night might blot u & our s9s1 & soon4 ,,lviii ,b 9 ! fatal coils1 )\t int5t1 ,we s92 :]e=e a future puni%m5t8 ,!y say ! metal dead a deadly /eel ,becomes ) ,allah's k & cons5t4 ,,lix ,& ev5 ! rep5tant s9n]'s te> ,fall+ into ,juhannam's v e>1 ,goes to its he>t1 ext+ui%es its fire ,= ev] & =ev]1--s ,i he>4 ,,lx ,betwe5 ! :ite & purple ,words ( ,"t ,9 motley g>b ) ,de/9y ,i rhyme3 ,! color$ glasses to ! wat] give ,! colors ( a symbolry sublime4 ,,lxi ,h[ (t1 :5 "y1 my bro!rs ,i w\ld %un ,if _! religi\s feel+s 7 n spun ,( my own cobweb1 :i* ,i f9d 0 b ,a spid]'s revelation ( ! sun4 ,,lxii ,n[1 mosques & *ur*es--ev5 a ,kaaba ,/one1 ,korans & ,bibles--ev5 a m>tyr's bone1-- ,all ^! & m my he>t c tol]ate1 ,= my religion's love1 & love alone4 ,,lxiii ,to humank9d1 ,o ,bro!r1 consecrate ,?y he>t1 & %un ! hundr$ ,sects t prate ,ab\t ! ?+s !y little "k ab\t-- ,let all receive ?y pity1 none ?y hate4 ,,lxiv ,! tav]n & ! temple also %un1 ,= %eikh & lib]t9e 9 soo? are "o2 ,& :5 ! pi\s knave beg9s to pule1 ,! knave 9 purple breaks 8 v[ anon4 ,,lxv ,! w9e's =bidd51 say ^! hone/ folk1 ,b = !mselves ! law !y w revoke2 ,! snivell+ %eikh says he's )\t a g>b1 ,:5 9 ! tap-h\se he _h pawn$ 8 cloak4 ,,lxvi ,or 9 ! h\se ( lu/4 ,! prie/ly "n ,& prie/ly turban once 7 ^? ( ,%ame-- ,& ,%ame is prea*+ 9 ! pulpit n[-- ,if pulpits tumble d[n1 ,i'm n to blame4 ,,lxvii ,= aft] %e declaims ^u ! v[s ,( ,fai?1 %e pusillanim\sly b[s ,be=e ! ,sultan's w9e-empurpl$ ?rone1 ,:ile he & all 8 c\rtezans c>\se4 ,,lxviii ,c>\se1 ye sov]eign lords6 ,! :eel w roll ,=ev] to conf\nd & to console3 ,:o sips to-day ! gold5 cup w dr9k ,mayhap to-morr[ 9 a wood5 b[l-- ,,lxix ,& sil5t dr9k4 ,! tumult ( our mir? ,is worse ?an our mad welcom+ ( bir?3-- ,! ?und] ha? a gr&eur1 b ! ra9s1 ,)\t ! ?und]1 qu5* ! ?ir/ ( ,e>?4 ,,lxx ,! ,prophets1 too1 among u come to tea*1 ,are "o ) ^? :o f ! pulpit prea*2 ,!y pray1 & slay1 & pass away1 & yet ,our ills are z ! pebbles on ! bea*4 ,,lxxi ,& ?\gh ar\nd ! temple !y %\ld run ,= sev5ty times & sev51 & 9 ! sun ,( mad devotion drool1 _! pray]s are /ill ,l _! desires ( fea/+-fancies spun4 ,,lxxii ,oh6 let !m 9 ! m>%es grope1 or ride ,_! jad$ ,my?s along ! m\nta9-side2 ,come up ) me1 ,o ,bro!r1 to ! heights ,:]e ,reason is ! prophet & ! guide4 ,,lxxiii ,:at is ?y fai? & cre$1 !y ask ( me1 ,& :o art ?\8 ,unseal ?y p$igree4-- ,i am ! *ild ( ,"t1 my tribe1 mank9d1 ,& n[ ?is _w's my c>avans]i4 ,,lxxiv ,swa! !e 9 wool1 my ,sufi fri5d1 & g ,?y way2 9 cotton ,i ! wis] gr[2 ,b we ourselves are %r$s ( e>?1 & soon ,! ,tailor ( ! ,univ]se w sew4 ,,lxxv ,ay6 sudd5ly ! my/ic ,h& w seal ,! sa9t's devotion & ! s9n]'s weal2 ,!y wor%ip ,saturn1 b ,i wor%ip ,"o ,be=e :om ,saturn & ! ,heav5s kneel4 ,,lxxvi ,among ! crumbl+ ru9s ( ! cre$s ,! ,sc\t ^u 8 camel play$ 8 re$s ,& call$ out to 8 p1--,let u h5ce6 ,! pa/ure "h is full ( noxi\s we$s4 ,,lxxvii ,among u falsehood is proclaim$ al\d1 ,b tru? is :isp]$ to ! phantom b[$ ,( consci5ce2 ay6 & ,wrong is ev] cr[n$1 ,:ile ,"r & ,reason are d5i$ a %r\d4 ,,lxxviii ,& :y 9 ?is d>k ,k+dom tribute pay8 ,) clamant multitudes :y /op to pray8 ,oh6 he> ! inn] ,voice3--,if ?\'lt be "r1 ,d :at !y deem is wrong1 & g ?y way4 ,,lxxix ,?y way unto ! ,sun ! spaces ?r\gh ,:]e k+ ,orion's black-ey$ huris slew ,! ,"m ( ,night to guide ! ,w+s t be> ,! flame div9e hid 9 a drop ( dew4 ,,lxxx ,he> ye :o 9 ! du/ ( ages creep1 ,& 9 ! halls ( wick$ ma/]s sleep3-- ,arise6 & out ( ?is wan we>9ess ,:]e ,allah's laught] makes ! ,devil weep4 ,,lxxxi ,arise6 = lo6 ! ,laught] & ! ,weep+ ,reveal ! ,weapon :i* ! ,ma/]'s keep+ ,above y\r heads2 ,oh6 take x up & /rike6 ,! lion ( tyranny is only sleep+4 ,,lxxxii ,evil & ,virtue8 ,%ad[s on ! /reet ,( ,fate & ,vanity1--b %ad[s meet ,:5 9 ! gloam+ !y are ha/'n+ =? ,to dr9k ) ,night annihilation sweet4 ,,lxxxiii ,& ?us ! ,sun w write & w efface ,! my/ic symbols :i* ! sages trace ,9 va91 = all ! worlds ( ,god are /or$ ,9 8 endur+ vessels ,"t & ,space4 ,,lxxxiv ,= all my le>n+'s b a veil1 ,i guess1 ,veil+ ! phantom ( my no?+ness2 ,h[beit1 !re are ^? :o ?9k me wise1 ,& ^? :o ?9k me--ev5 ^! ,i bless4 ,,lxxxv ,& all my ye>s1 z vapid z my lay1 ,are bitt] morsels ( a my/ic day1-- ,! day ( ,fate1 :o c>ries 9 8 lap ,decemb] sn[s & sn[-:ite fl[]s ( ,may4 ,,lxxxvi ,allah1 my sleep is wov5 ?r\gh1 x seems1 ,) burn+ ?reads ( night & gold5 beams2 ,b :5 my dreams are evil !y come true2 ,:5 !y are n1 !y are1 alas6 b dreams4 ,,lxxxvii ,! subtle ways ( ,de/9y ,i "k2 ,9 me %e plays h] game ( ,give & ,g4 ,mis=tune ,i receive 9 ca%1 b joy1 ,9 drafts on ,heav5 or on ! w9ds t bl[4 ,,lxxxviii ,i give & g1 grim ,de/9y1--,i play ,^u ?is *eck]-bo>d ( ,night & ,day ,! d>k game ) !e1 b ! day w come ,:5 "o w turn ! ,bo>d ! o!r way4 ,,lxxxix ,if my h\se-swall[1 labor+ ) ze/1 ,felt l myself ! burd5 ( unre/1 ,unlight5$ by inscrutable designs1 ,%e w\ld n build h] "y t cozy ne/4 ,,xc ,?y life ) guiltless life-blood d n /a9-- ,hunt n ! *ildr5 ( ! woods2 9 va9 ,?\'lt try "o day to wa% ?y bloody h&3 ,nor hunt] "h nor hunt$ long rema94 ,,xci ,oh6 ca/ my du/ away f !e1 & d(f ,?y cloak ( sycophancy & l /uff3 ,i'm b a %ad[ on ! s&y wa/e1-- ,en\gh ( ?y duplicity1 en\gh6 ,,xcii ,behold6 ! ,veil t hid ?y s\l is torn ,& all ?y secrets on ! w9ds are borne3 ,! h& ( ,s9 has writt5 on ?y face ,awake1 = ^! untimely furr[s w>n6 ,,xciii ,a pr9ce ( s\ls1 'tis sung 9 anci5t lay1 ,"o morn+ s\ght a ve/ure ( ! clay2 ,he came into ! ,pott]y1 ! fool-- ,! lucky fool 0 w>n$ to /ay away4 ,,xciv ,b ,i 0 n4 ,oh6 t ! ,fates decree ,t ,i n[ ca/ aside ?is clay ( me2 ,my s\l & body w$d$ = a :ile ,are sick & w\ld t sep>ation be4 ,,xcv ,?\ %alt n kill6--,?y words1 ,o ,god1 we he$1 ,?\gh ?y two ,s\l-dev\r+ ,angels fe$ ,?y ,promise ( ano!r life on ?is1-- ,to h sp>$ u bo?1 x 7 a boon inde$4 ,,xcvi ,oh6 t "s "o w\ld b return to tell ,if old ,nubakht is burn+ n[ 9 hell1 ,or if ! work]s = ! ,prophet's prize ,are laugh+ at 8 ,p>adisal sell4 ,,xcvii ,once ,i h tri$ to /r+ a few ,pe>l-se$s ,^u my ,ros>y ( wood5 beads2 ,b ,i h se>*$1 & ,i h se>*$ 9 va9 ,= pe>ls 9 all ! cav]ns ( ! cre$s ,,xcviii ,& 9 ! palaces ( weal? ,i f\nd ,"s beads ( wisdom scatt]$ on ! gr\nd1 ,ar\nd ! ?rone ( ,p[]1 b5ea? ! feet ,( fair-fac$ slaves ) fl[]s ( folly cr[n$4 ,,xcix ,?y weal? c %$ no te>s ar\nd ?y bi]1 ,nor c x wa% ?y h&s ( %ame & fe>2 ,ere ?\ dep>te/ ) x freely "p1-- ,let o!rs plead = !e & ,god w he>4 ,c ,= me ?y silks & fea!rs h no *>m ,! pill[ ,i l be/ is my "r arm2 ,! com=ts ( ?is pass+ %[ ,i spurn1 ,= ,pov]ty c d ! s\l no h>m4 ,,ci ,! guid+ h& ( ,allah ,i c see ,^u my /aff3 ( :at use !n is he ,:o'd be ! bl9d man's guide8 ,?\ sil5t oak1 ,no son ( ,eve %all walk ) me & !e4 ,,cii ,my life's ! road on :i* ,i bl9dly spe$3 ,my goal's ! grave on :i* ,i plant a re$ ,to %ape my ,hope1 b soon ! ,h& unse5 ,w /rike1 & lo6 ,i'm b a sapless we$4 ,,ciii ,o ,rabbi1 curse u n if we h be5 ,nurs$ 9 ! %ad[ ( ! ,gate ( ,s9 ,built by ?y h&--yea1 ev'n ?9e angels bl9k ,:5 we are com+ out & go+ 94 ,,civ ,& l ! dead ( ,ind ,i d n fe> ,to g to !e 9 flames2 ! mo/ au/]e ,angel ( fire a s(t] too? & tongue ,ha? he ?an dreadful ,munk] & ,nakir4 ,,cv ,n[1 at ?is end ( ,adam's l9e ,i /& ,hold+ my fa!r's life-curse 9 my h&1 ,do+ no "o ! wrong t he did me3-- ,ah1 w\ld t he 7 b>r5 z ! s&6 ,,cvi ,ay1 ?us ?y *ildr51 ?\gh !y sov]eigns be1 ,:5 tru? ^u !m dawns1 w turn on !e1 ,:o ca/ !m into life's d>k labyr9? ,:]e ev5 old ,izrail c n see4 ,,cvii ,& 9 ! labyr9? bo? son & sire ,a:ile w fan & fuel hatr$'s fire2 ,sp>ks ( ! log ( evil are all m5 ,all:]e--ext+ui%$ be ! race entire6 ,,cviii ,if miracles 7 wr\ght 9 anci5t ye>s1 ,:y n to-day1 ,o ,heav5-cradl$ se]s8 ,! highway's /rewn ) dead1 ! lep]s weep1 ,if ye b knew1--if ye b saw _! te>s6 ,,cix ,fan ?\ a lisp+ fire & x w leap ,9 flames1 b do/ ?\ fan an a%y heap8 ,!y w\ld respond1 inde$1 :om ?\ do/ call1 ,7 !y n dead1 alas6 or dead asleep4 ,,cx ,! way ( vice is op5 z ! sky1 ,! way ( virtue's l ! ne$le's eye2 ,b :e!r "h or !re1 ! eag] ,s\l ,has only two ,companions--,:5ce & ,:y4 ,,cxi ,:5ce come1 ,o firmam5t1 ?y myriad lights8 ,:5ce comes ?y sap1 ,o v9ey>d ( ! heights8 ,:5ce comes ! p]fume ( ! rose1 & :5ce ,! _s-l>va :i* ! body blights8 ,,cxii ,:5ce does ! nettle get its bitt] /+8 ,:5ce d ! honey bees _! honey br+8 ,:5ce our ,companions1 too--our ,:5ce & ,:y8 ,o ,s\l1 ,i d n "k a s+le ?+6 ,,cxiii ,h[ _m l u 9 ! ages pa/ ,h bl9dly so>$1 ?\gh l a pebble ca/1 ,seek+ ! veil ( my/]y to te>1 ,b fell accur/ b5ea? ! burn+ bla/8 ,,cxiv ,:y try to con ! book ( e>? & sky1 ,:y seek ! tru? :i* nei!r y nor ,i ,c grasp8 ,b ,dea? me?9ks ! secret keeps1 ,& w imp>t x to u by & by4 ,,cxv ,! ,sultan1 too1 rel9qui%+ 8 ?rone ,mu/ wayf>e ?r\gh ! d>k5+ du/ alone ,:]e nei!r cr[n nor k+dom be1 & he1 ,"p ( ! ,secret1 "h & !re is bl[n4 ,,cxvi ,to clay ! mighty ,sultan mu/ return ,&1 *anc+1 help a pray+ slave to burn ,8 midnight oil be=e ! face ( ,him1 ,:o ( ! ,sultan makes an inc5se urn4 ,,cxvii ,turn$ to a cup1 :o once ! sword ( /ate ,held o'er ! head ( slave & pot5tate1 ,is n[ held 9 ! tippl]'s trembl+ h&1 ,or sma%$ ^u ! tav]n-floor ( ,fate4 ,,cxviii ,= ?is ,i say1 ,be wat*ful ( ! ,cage ,( *ance2 x opes alike to fool & sage2 ,spy on ! mom5t1 = to-morr['ll be1 ,l ye/]day1 an oblit]at$ page4 ,,cxix ,yea1 kiss ! rosy *eeks ( new-born ,day1 ,& hail et]nity 9 e ray ,=m+ a halo r\nd its infant head1 ,illum9+ ?y labyr9?9e way4 ,,cxx ,b ,i1 ! ?rice-imprison$1 try to troll ,/ra9s ( ! song ( night1 :i* fill ) dole ,my bl9dness1 my conf9em5t1 & my fle%-- ,! sordid habitation ( my s\l4 ,,cxxi ,h[beit1 my inn] vision heir %all be ,to ! increas+ flames ( my/]y ,:i* may illum9e yet my prisons all1 ,& cr[n ! ev] liv+ hope ( me4 ,,notes ,,to ,,! ,,quatra9s ,i ,to op5 a poem ) a few amatory l9es1 is a lit]>y tradition among ,arab poets4 ,b ,abu'l-,ala1 hav+ _h no occasion to ev9ce su* t5d] emotions1 :e!r real or m]ely academic1 succe$$1 z 9 ev]y?+ else he did1 9 deviat+ f ! trodd5 pa?4 ,i f9d1 h[ev]1 9 8 m9or ,diwan1 ,suct uz-,z&1 a slight manife/ation ( 8 y\?ful ardor1 ( :i* ?is & ! succe$+ quatra9s1 descriptive ( ! *>ms ( ,night1 are fairly repres5tative4 ,,iii ,ahmad1 ,mohamm$ ! ,prophet4 ,,iv ,& he> ! o!rs :o ) cymbals try1 etc41 mean+ ! ,*ri/ians2 9 ! prec$+ quatra9 he ref]r$ to ! ,mohamm$ans4 ,,vii ,milton1 9 ,il ,p5s]oso1 also speaks ( night z ! />r$ ,e?iop que52 & ,%akespe>e1 9 ,romeo & ,juliet1 has ^! l9es3 ,h] beauty hangs ^u ! *eek ( night ,z a ri* jewel 9 an ,e?iop e>4 ,! s\rce ( inspiration is ! same to all _w-poets1 :o only diff] sometimes 9 ! j>s !y br+ to ! s\rce4 ,,xiii ,! purple1 :ite1 & gray g>m5ts1 symboliz+ ,man's dreams ( p[]1 ( love1 & ( bliss4 ,,xiv ,! same idea is express$ by ,om> ,khayyam4 ,"h are ! fir/ ?ree l9es ( ! #abbnd quatra9 ( ,h]on-,all5's lit]al translation3 ,to him :o und]/&s ! my/]ies ( ! _w ,! joy & sorr[ ( ! _w is all ! same1 ,s9ce ! good & ! bad ( ! _w all come to an end4 ,h[daj1 a sort ( palanqu9 borne by camels2 h5ce1 a w$d+ or a triumphal procession4 ,,xvii ,?amud & ',ad1 two ( ! primitive tribes :i* figure prom95tly 9 ! leg5d>y hi/ory ( ,arabia4 ,!y fl\t$ & /on$ ! prophets t 7 s5t to !m1 & are con/antly held up 9 ! ,koran z t]rible examples ( ! pride t goe? be=e de/ruction4 ,ha%em's fe>less lad1 ,mohamm$ ! ,prophet4 ,,xviii ,i quote aga9 f ,om>1 ,fitzg]ald's translation3 ,& ?is reviv+ ,h]b1 ^: ,t5d] ,gre5 ,fl$ges ! ,riv]-,lip1 on :i* we lean-- ,ah1 lean ^u x lightly6 = :o kn[s ,f :at once lovely ,lip x spr+s unse54 ,9 ju/ice to bo? ! ,p]sian & ! ,arab poet1 h[ev]1 ,i give ! #dc;d quatra9 ( ,h]on-,all5's1 :i* ,i ?9k conta9s two l9es ( t ( ,fitzg]ald1 toge!r ) ,abu'l-,ala's own poetic-fancy4 ,ev]y:]e t !re has be5 a rose or tulip b$ ,!re has be5 spill$ ! crimson blood ( a k+2 ,e violet %oot t gr[s f ! e>? ,is a mole t 0 once ^u ! *eek ( beauty4 ,,xx ,zakkum1 a tree :i*1 9 ,mohamm$an my?ology1 is said to h its roots 9 hell1 & f :i* are f$ ! dwell]s ( hell-fire4 ,9 "o ( ! ,*apt]s ( ! ,koran1 ,! ,saffat1 ,i f9d ?is ^u x3 ,& is t a pure b\nty1 or ! ,zakkum tree8 ,x is a tree :i* gr[e? 9 hell2 its fruits are l unto ! heads ( ! devils1 :o eat f x1 & f x fill _! /oma*s4 ,zakkum is also "o ( ! bitt]-fruit$ trees ( ,arabia4 ,& ! p !re speak ( a m\?ful ( zakkum :5 !y want to describe an unhappy exp]i5ce4 ,x is also ! "n ( "o ( ! plants ( ! des]t1 ^: fl[] is l ! jasm9e2 & ( "o ( ! trees ( ,j]i*o1 ^: fruit is l ! date1 b some:at bitt]4 ,,xxiii ,jannat1 ,p>adise4 ,juhannam1 ,hell4 ,,xxix ,& ,t5nyson also says3 ,!re is m tru? 9 hone/ d\bt1 ,believe me1 ?an 9 all ! cre$s4 ,,xxxi ,mutakallem1 disputant4 ,! mutakallem9 are ! logicians & !ologians ( ,islam4 ,,xxxiii ,hadil is a poetic t]m = dove4 ,& 9 ,arabic my?ology x is ! "n ( a p>ticul> dove1 :i* di$ ( ?ir/ 9 ! days ( ,noah1 & is bemoan$ until ?is day4 ,ababil1 a flock ( birds1 :o sc\rg$ ) fl9t-/ones :i* !y c>ri$ 9 _! beaks1 "o ( ! anci5t ,arab tribes1 not$ = its idolatry & evil practices4 ,,xxxviii1 ,,xciii & ,,xciv ,i quote aga9 f ,om>1 ,fitzg]ald's v]sion1 quatra9 #dd3 ,:y1 if ! ,s\l c fl+ ! du/ aside1 ,& nak$ on ! air ( ,heav5 ride1 ,7't n a %ame--7't n a %ame = him ,9 ?is clay c>cass crippl$ to abide8 ,& f ,h]on-,all5's1 quatra9 #ade3 ,o ,s\l1 if ?\ can/ purify ?yself f ! du/ ( ! clay1 ,?\1 nak$ _s1 can/ so> 9 ! heav'ns1 ,! ,empyrian is ?y sph]e--let x be ?y %ame ,t ?\ come/ & art a dwell] )9 ! conf9es ( e>?4 ,,xlviii ,! walk+ du/ 0 once a ?+ ( /one1 is my r5d]+ ( ! l9e1 ,& he conc]n+ :om ! _w is puzzl$ ,is an animal evolv$ ( inorganic matt]4 ,?is l9e ( ,abu'l-,ala is mu* quot$ by 8 en?usia/ic admir]s ( ! pres5t day to prove t he anticipat$ ,d>w9's !ory ( evolution4 ,& x is rem>kable h[ ! fancy ( ! poet sometimes co9cides ) ! logical conclusions ( ! sci5ti/4 ,,xlix ,iblis1 ! devil4 ,l ,rabbi1 my "l ,god4 ,,lvi ,?is quatra9 is quot$ by _m ( ! ,biograph]s ( ,abu'l-,ala to prove t he is a mat]iali/4 ,:i* argum5t is easily refut$1 h[ev]1 ) o!rs quatra9s tak5 at r&om f ! ,luzumiyat4 ,,lvii1 ,,lviii & ,,lix ,om> 0 also a confess$ cynical-hypocrite4 ,?us runs ! fir/ l9e ( ! #aad? quatra9 ( ,h]on-,all5's3 ,! _w be+ fleet+ ,i practise naught b artifice4 ,& he also *afes 9 ! *a9s ( 8 s9s4 ,foll[+ is ! #bc;d quatra9 ( ! same translation3 ,khayyam1 :y m\rn = ?y s9s8 ,f griev+ ?us :at advantage m or less do/ ?\ ga98 ,m]cy 0 nev] = him :o s9s n1 ,m]cy is grant$ = s9s2 :y !n grieve8 ,abu'l-,ala1 9 a quatra9 :i* ,i did n translate1 goes ev5 f>!r 9 8 que/ion+ p]plexity4 ,:y d good s9ce ?\ art to be =giv5 = ?y s9s8 he asks4 ,,lxii ,kaaba ,/one1 ! sacr$ black /one 9 ! ,kaaba at ,meccah4 ,,lxxvii ,! ,am]ican poet1 ,l[ell1 9 ,! ,crisis1 utt]s ! same cry3 ,tru? =ev] on ! scaffold1 ,wrong =ev] on ! ?rone4 ,,xc ,& ! poor beetle t we tread ^u ,9 corporal suff]ance f9ds a pang z great ,z :5 a giant dies4 --,%akespe>e3 ,measure = ,measure4 ,to let g a flea is a m virtu\s act ?an to give a dirham to a begg>4--,abu'l-,ala4 ,,xciii & ,,xciv ,om> too1 9 ! #aeg? quatra9 ( ,h]on-,all5's-- ,_h ,i *>ge ( ! matt] ,i w\ld n h come1 ,& likewise c\ld ,i control my go+1 :]e c\ld ,i g8 ,,xcv ,?y two s\l-dev\r+ angels1 ! angels ( dea? & resurrection4 ,,xcvi ,nubakht1 "o ( ! oppon5ts ( ! ,prophet ,mohamm$4 ,,ciii ,rabbi1 my "l ,god4 ,,civ ,& l ! dead ( ,ind1 ref]r+ to ! practice ( ! ,h9dus :o burn _! dead4 ,munk] & ,nakir1 ! two angels :o on ! ,day ( ,judgm5t op5 ! graves ( ! dead & cross-exam9e !m--! process is said to be v cruel--z to _! fai?4 ,:osoev] is f\nd want+ 9 ?is is pu%$ back into ! grave & !nce ?r[n into ,juhannam4 ,no wond] ,abu'l-,ala pref]s cremation4 ,,cv ,he wrote 8 own epitaph1 :i* is3 ,?is wrong to me 0 by my fa!r done1 ,b nev] by me to any "o4 ,,cvi ,izrail1 ! angel ( dea?4 ,,cxv1 ,,cxvi & ,,cxvii ,^! w sugge/ to ! read] ,%akespe>e's l9es3 ,imp]ial ,caes>1 dead & turn$ to clay1 ,might /op a hole to keep ! w9d away2 ,o1 t t e>?1 :i* kept ! _w 9 awe1 ,%\ld /op a wall t'expel ! w9t]'s flaw4 ,,cxviii ,comp>e ?is ) ,om>'s3 ,?\ ha/ no p[] ov] ! morr[1 ,& anxiety ab\t ! morr[ is useless to !e3 ,wa/e n ?\ ! mom5t1 if ?y he>t is n mad1 ,= ! value ( ! rema9d] ( ?y life is n c]ta94 ,,press ,,& ,,p]sonal ,,notices ,mr4 ,rihani's book is s\ndly workmanlike1 ) adequate s*ol>%ip1 & is (t5 v felicit\s4 ,he has done a real s]vice to mod]n und]/&+ ( an important ?\gh slightly kn[n lit]ature 9 pres5t+ ^! selections ) suffici5t annotation4--,new ,york ,ev5+ ,sun4 ,! ,luzumiyat4 ,by ,abu'l-,ala4 ,born 9 ,syria1 9 ! t5? c5tury ,a4 ,d41 ?is poet1 s*ol>1 tea*]1 philosoph] & pessimi/ became kn[n z ! ,voltaire ( ! ,ea/1 & may well be read = ! beauty ( 8 "w1 ev5 if !re is little agreem5t ) 8 g5]al ideas ( life4--,! ,*ri/ian ,c5tury4 ,abu'l-,ala is a true poet1 ) a philosophy mu* nobl] ?an ,om>'s1 & ,mr4 ,rihani's translation has r>e poetic qualities4--,edw9 ,m>kham4 ,if ,i _h b a g>d5 = a b[] ,:]e9 ! roses ( ,damascus fl[]1 ,h[ happy1 ) ! ,luzumiyat 9 h&1 ,to pass ! aft]noon & sunset h\r6 ,cl9ton ,scoll>d4 ,! ,luzumiyat ( ,abu'l-,ala1 z r5d]$ into ,engli% by ,mr4 ,ame5 ,rihani1 is m ?an a m]e translation--x is excell5t poetry4 ,aside f its int]e/ z a lit]>y curiosity1 x possesses intr9sic value z lit]ature ( a high quality4 ,! hi/orical matt] conta9$ 9 ! preface ( ! book1 z well z ! notes foll[+ ! preface1 w appeal to ! s*ol> :o makes a /udy ( ! be/ expressions ( ,ori5tal ?\ght4--,james ,b4 ,k5yon4 ,! fir/ ,engli% r5dition ( ! ,luzumiyat ( ,abu'l-,ala1 comes f ,ame5 ,rihani1 ! au?or ( ! ,book ( ,khal$1 :o has select$ ! quatra9s f ?ree volumes ( ! works ( ! ,syrian poet4 ,= ^? :o cl+ to a *ildi% haze conc]n+ ,assyrians & ,syrians1 we w\ld add t :ile ! ,assyrian comes d[n l a wolf on ! fold1 ! ,syrian1 at lea/ ?is p>ticul> "o1 has a tread l ,om> ,khayyam4 ,!re9 lies ! *ief int]e/ ( ! ,luzumiyat1 unfair z x may be1 9 view ( ! fact t ,abu'l-,ala di$ at ab\t ! "t ,om> 0 born4 ,s m>k$ & f>-rea*+ is ! resemblance1 t we might almo/ br+ ourselves to ! belief t 9 ,om> ,khayyam 0 recreat$ ! s\l ( ,abu'l-,ala1 ) subtle *anges1 notable among !m ! ca/+ (f ( ! t5ets ( prohibition1 & a sub/itution ( fatalism = /oicism4--,! ,sun 7,new ,york74 ,:at ,fitzg]ald did = ! ,man ( ,nei%apur 9 8 wond]ful v]sion ( ! ,rubaiyat1 ,mr4 ,rihani has done1 9 sc>cely inf]ior measure1 = 8 own remote ance/or ,abu'l-,ala4 ,mr4 ,rihani1 :o is a poet & essayi/ 9 ,engli% z well z 9 ,arabic1 has made a p]man5t addition to ,lit]ature4 ,! ,luzumiyat c n be displac$4--,mi*ael ,monahan4 ,mr4 ,rihani has r5d]$ valuable s]vice to ,lit]ature 9 mak+ ! c>e] ( ,! ,lucretius ( ,islam1 z he happily calls him1 kn[n to ! g5]al read] 9 ! ,engli%-speak+ _w4444 ,! simil>ity ( ! ,luzumiyat to ,om> ,khayyam "u c]ta9 aspects1 %\ld w9 = ,rihani's brilliant r5d]+ a g5]\s measure ( recognition4 ,z x is1 ! r>e m]its ( ! book1 ! critical p[] ( ! preface1 ! skill & s9c]e feel+ exhibit$ 9 ! v]se1 & ! wide k ( ,engli% ,lit]ature %[n 9 ! notes1 make x1 to my m9d1 a little ma/]piece4--,p]cy ,:ite4 ,! simil>ity 9 "s p>ts ( ! ,luzumiyat to ,om> ,khayyam is /rik+4 ,b ,abu'l-,ala1 to my m9d1 is a great] poet1 & he is at times s rem>kably mod]n4 ,i am glad to make 8 acqua9tance ?r\gh y\r excell5t translation4--,r4 ,b4 ,cunn+hame ,graham4 ,!re is a compell+ p[] 9 8 attack on hypocrisy & quack]y1 9 8 recognition ( ! supremacy ( reason & ! human s\l4 ,^? :o /ill fondly turn to ! ,rubaiyat = enjoym5t w surely f9d /imulus1 too1 & pleasure 9 ^! ru?less rhymes4--,asia4 ,,notes #a ,my le>n$ fri5d1 ,c\nt ,e4 de ,mul951 call$ my att5tion to ! "w ( ,von ,krem] on ,abu'l-,ala4 ,& ,i h se5 copies ( a c]ta9 ,g]man ,asiatic ,review 9 :i* 7 publi%$ translations1 made by t em95t ,ori5tali/1 ( _m poems f ! ,luzumiyat4 ,he speaks ( ,abu'l-,ala z "o ( ! greate/ morali/s ( all times1 ^: pr(\nd g5ius anticipat$ mu* t is commonly attribut$ to ! s-call$ mod]n _s ( enlight5m5t4 ,pr(essor ,d4 ,s4 ,m>goli\? has also translat$ into ,engli% ! ,lett]s ( ,abu'l-,ala1 :i* 7 publi%$ ) ! ,arabic ,text at ! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 #ahih4 ,also ,pr(essor ,raynold ,a4 ,ni*olson1 9 8 "w1 ,a ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,arabs1 discusses ! poet at l5g? & r5d]s into ,engli% "s poems f ! ,luzumiyat4 ,a "w 0 publi%$ by ,*>les ,c>r+ton1 ,p>is1 #aijd1 "u ! title1 ,un ,prcurseur d',om> ,khayyam1 ,le ,pote ,aveugle3 ,extraits de ,pomes et de ,lettres d',abu'l-,ala al-,ma'arri4 ,& ano!r1 ,! ,diwan ( ,abu'l-,ala1 done into ,engli% by ,h5ry ,ba]le91 :o mu/ h help$ himself freely to ! ,quatra9s ( ,von ,krem]4 #b ,= a picturesque description ( ! squalidness & sordidness ( ,ma'arrah & its p1 see ,lett] ,,xx ( ,! ,lett]s ( ,abu'l-,ala1 ,ox=d ,edition4 #c ,:5 he visit$ ,baghdad he 0 ab\t ?irty-sev5 ye>s ( age4 ,& :5 he w5t to att5d a lecture !re by "o ( ! lead+ s*ol>s1 he 0 call$ by ! lectur]1 i/abl1 :i* is ,syrian slang = bl9d4 #d ,he 0 f\r ye>s ( age :5 he _h ! attack ( small-pox4 ,! sight ( 8 left eye 0 entirely lo/ & ! eyeball ( 8 "r _h turn$ :ite4 ,al-,hafiz u-,silafi relates3 ',abu ,muhammad ,abdallah told me t he visit$ him 7,abu'l-,ala7 once ) 8 uncle & f\nd him sitt+ on an old hair matt+4 ,he 0 v old1 & ! disease t attack$ him 9 8 boyhood _h left its deep traces on 8 emaciat$ face4 ,he bade me come ne> him & bless$ me z he plac$ 8 h& on my head4 ,i 0 a boy !n1 & ,i c picture him be=e me n[4 ,i look$ into 8 eyes & rem>k$ h[ ! "o 0 horribly protrud+1 & ! o!r1 buri$ 9 its socket1 c\ld b>ely be se54'--,ibn ,khillikan4 #e ,h[ long he reta9$ any sort ( vision is n c]ta94 ,8 frequ5t ref]5ces 9 8 writ+s to />s1 fl[]s1 & ! =ms ( ! ,arabic lett]s imply t he c\ld see a little at lea/ "s ye>s aft] ?is calamity4--,d4 ,s4 ,m>goli\?3 ,! ,lett]s ( ,abu'l-,ala4 ,he us$ to play *ess & n>d4--,safadi4 #f ,= an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ,lit]>y ,society 9 ,baghdad see ,r5an's ,islam & ,sci5ce2 also ! ,biography to ! ,lett]s ( ,abu'l-,ala4 ,pr(4 ,m>goli\?1 ?\gh n unfair 9 8 judgm5t ( ! poet1 is unnecess>ily capti\s at times4 ,he w\ld seem p>tial to ! suffrage ( or?odox ,mohamm$ans ) reg>d to ,abu'l-,ala's unor?odox religi\s views4 ,b !y h a reason1 ^! ulama1 = endeavor+ to keep a g5ius l ,abu'l-,ala )9 ! pale ( belief4 ,:i* reason1 let u hope1 has no claim on ,pr(4 ,m>goli\?4 ,& 9 8 attempt to depreciate ,abu'l-,ala z a dis9t]e/$ & indep5d5t s*ol> & poet1 he does n escape ! inconsi/5cy :i* (t5 foll[s 9 ! wake ( cavil4 ,read ?is1 = in/ance3 ,l _m ( ^? :o h fail$ to secure mat]ial prosp]ity1 he f\nd com=t 9 a sy/em :i* flatt]s ! vanity ( ^? :o h n succe$$ by tea*+ t success is n wor? atta9+4 ,& ?is1 n on ! same page p]haps1 b close to x3 ,= ?\gh o!r roads t[>ds obta9+ ! means ( support+ himself at ,baghdad h be5 op5 to him1 t :i* he refus$ to foll[ 7! pr(ession ( an encomia/1 i4 e4 a sycophant1 a toady7 0 ! mo/ c]ta94 #g ,biography ( ,abu'l-,ala by ,adh-,dhahabi4 #h ,! ,lett]s1 :i* ab\nd 9 quotations1 enable u to gauge ! p[] ( 8 memory bett] ?an ^! wond]-lov+ n>rators4--,d4 ,s4 ,m>goli\?4 #i ,9 "o ( 8 poems he speaks ( ?ree prisons1 8 body be+ ! ?ird4 ,"h is ,pr(essor ,ni*olson's translation3 ,me?9k ,i am ?rice-imprison$--ask n me ,( news t ne$ no tell+-- ,by loss ( sight1 conf9em5t 9 my h\se1 ,& ?is vile body = my _s's dwell+4 #aj ,also 8 ,comm5t>y on ! works ( ! poet ,al-,mutanabbi4 #aa ,adh-,dhahabi gives ! titles ( =ty-eight ( 8 works1 to :i* ,safadi adds f\rte54 ,a lit]>y baggage ( consid]able bulk1 _h n mo/ ( x p]i%$ :5 ! ,crusad]s took ,ma'arrah 9 #ajih4 ,n[1 ! ,luzumiyat1 ! ,lett]s1 ,suct uz-,z& & ! ,epi/le ( ,=giv5ess c be obta9$ 9 pr9t$ =m4 #ab ,:at he says ( ,al-,maghribi 9 ! ,fir/ ,lett] became lit]ally true ( himself3 ',z ,s9ai d]ives its fame f ,moses & ! ,/one f ,abraham1 s ,ma'arrah is f ?is "t 7aft] 8 return f ,baghdad7 kn[n by him4'--,d4 ,s4 ,m>goli\?4 #ac ,ev5 be=e he visit$ ,baghdad he _h a p5sion ( ?irty d9>s 7ab\t #ajj71 half ( :i* he paid to 8 s]vant1 & ! o!r half 0 suffici5t to secure = him ! necess>ies ( life4 ,he liv$ on l5tils & figs1 says ,adh-,dhahabi2 he slept on a felt mattress2 he wore no?+ b cotton g>m5ts2 & 8 dwell+ 0 furni%$ ) a /raw matt+4 #ad ,we h ! foll[+ f ,adh-,dhahabi3 ,"o ( ^! critics came "o day to ,abu'l-,ala & relat+ ! conv]sation himself said1 ',:at is x t is quot$ & said ab\t y8' ,i ask$4 ',x is false2 !y are jeal\s ( me1' he repli$4 ',& :at h y to incite _! jeal\sy8 ,y h left = !m bo? ?is _w & ! o!r4' ',& ! o!r8' murmur$ ! poet1 que/ion+1 rum9at+4 ',& ! o!r1 too8' #ae ,8 poems1 g5]ally kn[n z ! ,luzumiyat1 arre/ att5tion by _! boldness & orig9ality z well z by ! sombre & e>ne/ tone :i* p]vades !m4--,raynold ,a4 ,ni*olson3 ,a ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,arabs4 #af ,! ,gov]nor ( ,halab1 ,salih ibn ,mirdas1 pass$ once by ,ma'arrah1 :5 ?irty ( its di/+ui%$ citiz5s 7 imprison$ on acc\nt ( a riot 9 ! t[n ! previ\s ye>4 ,abu'l-,ala be+ ask$ to int]c$e = !m1 0 l$ to ,salih1 :o receiv$ him mo/ politely & ask$ him :at he desir$4 ,! poet1 9 eloqu5t b unflatt]+ spee*1 ask$ ,salih 'to take & give =giv5ess4' ,& ! ,gov]nor1 n displeas$1 repli$3 ',i grant x y4' ,:]eupon ! prison]s 7 releas$4 #ag ,8 poems leave no aspect ( ! age 79 :i* he liv$7 unt\*$1 & pres5t a vivid picture ( deg5]acy & corruption1 9 :i* tyrann\s rul]s1 v5al judges1 hypocritical & unscrupul\s !ologians1 sw9dl+ a/rolog]s1 rov+ sw>ms ( d]vi%es & godless ,c>ma?ians1 occupy a prom95t place4--,raynold ,a4 ,ni*olson3 ,a ,lit]>y ,hi/ory ( ! ,arabs4 #ah ,! ,mohamm$an critics :o ?\ght he let 8 op9ions be guid$ by 8 p5 probably came ne> ! tru?4 ,& any man :o writes 9 su* fett]s z ! met] 7he means ! rhyme-end+2 = ,abu'l-,ala made use ( e kn[n met] ( ,arabic prosody7 ( ! ,luzumiyat imposes1 c ex]cise b slight control ov] 8 ?\ghts4--,d4 ,s4 ,m>goli\?3 ,lett]s ( ,abu'l-,ala4 #ai ,?is "w1 ( :i* ,pr(essor ,ni*olson says !re are b two copies extant1 "o 9 ,con/ant9ople & ! o!r 9 8 own ,collection1 0 publi%$ 9 ,cairo1 9 #aijg1 edit$ by ,%eikh ,ibrahim ul-,yazeji4 #bj ,to let g a flea is a m virtu\s act ?an to give a dirham to a begg>4--,abu'l-,ala4 #ba ,! ,or?odox1 i4 e4 ! ,mohamm$ans4 #bb ,i d n f9d ^! v]ses 9 ! pr9t$ copies ( ei!r ! ,luzumiyat or ,suct uz-,z&4 ,b !y are quot$1 f "s ,ms4 copy ,i suppose1 by ! hi/orian ,abu'l-,fida4 #bc ,om> wrote poetry 9 ,arabic too4 ,my le>n$ fri5d1 ,isa ,isk&> ,maluf ( ,zehleh1 ,mt4 ,lebanon1 %[$ me "s quatra9s ( ,om> ! ,t5t-mak] & ,a/ronom]1 9 an old ,arabic ,ms4 :i* be> a /rik+ resemblance to "s ( ,abu'l-,ala's bo? 9 ?\ght & /yle4