,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,beef ,,cattle ,,indu/ry ,,9 ,,ill9ois ,,by ,,frank ,,web/] ,,f>ley ,,!sis ,,= ,,! ,,degree ,,( ,,ba*elor ,,( ,,sci5ce ,,9 ,,agriculture ,,9 ,,! ,,college ,,( ,,agriculture ,,( ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ill9ois #aiae ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ill9ois ,may #bb1 #aiae ,,?is ,,is ,,to ,,c]tify ,,t ,,! ,,!sis ,,prep>$ ,,"u ,,my ,,sup]vision ,,by ,frank ,web/] ,f>ley ,,entitl$ ,hi/ory ( ! ,beef ,cattle ,indu/ry 9 ,ill9ois ,,is ,,approv$ ,,by ,,me ,,z ,,fulfill+ ,,?is ,,"p ,,( ,,! ,,requirem5ts ,,= ,,! ,,degree ,,( ,ba*elor ( ,sci5ce 9 ,agriculture ,h5ry ,p ,rusk ,in/ructor 9 ,*>ge ,,approv$3 ,may #bg1 #aiae ,h]b]t ,w4 ,mum=d ,,head ,,( ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,animal ,husb&ry ,,index ,i4 ,introduction ,topography ( ! ,l& ,p ,cattle & cattle fe$+ ,,ii4 ,cattle ,fe$+ ,indu/ry ,! fir/ silo 9 ,ill9ois ,! ,*icago m>ket ,,iii4 ,cattle ,b>ons & ,pione] ,drov]s ,john ,t4 ,alex&] ,jacob ,/rawn ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,h>ris ,tom ,c&y ,pont+ ,,iv4 ,! ,range ,indu/ry ,texas cattle ,v4 ,! ,pure ,br$ ,indu/ry ,t4 ,l4 ,mill] ,?omas ,cl>k ,,vi4 ,cattle ,plagues ,,vii4 ,! ,fe$ ,indu/ry ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,beef ,,cattle ,,indu/ry ,,9 ,,! ,,/ate ,,( ,,ill9ois ,i4 ,,introduction ,topography ( ! ,l& ,z a :ole1 ! surface ( ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois is ne>ly level4 ,! prairie regions :i* cov] a l>ge "p ( ! /ate are only slightly roll+1 except 9 ^? places :]e /reams h worn valleys4 ,^! are %all[ 9 ! ea/]n & ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! /ate1 deep5+ gradually z ! great riv]s are approa*$4 ,ne>ly all ! wat]s ( ,ill9ois f9d _! way to ! ,mississippi riv]4 ,along ?is riv]1 z also along ! l>g] /reams ( ! /ate1 ! l&s are cut into abrupt bluffs or %>p spurs :i*1 ne>+ ! s\rces ( ! /reams1 gradually become s(t5$ into r\nd$ hillocks1 s9k+ at la/ into ! l[ banks4 ,?r\gh su* wat]ways z ^! =m1 fl[ /reams usually g5tle 9 curr5t1 (t5 sluggi%1 & sometimes becom+ ev5 /agnant4 ,ov] a l>ge "p ( ! /ate1 ponds & sl\ghs1 or m>%es1 =m]ly ab\nd$4 ,9 ^! ! wat] 0 r5ew$ only by ! ra9s t fell occasionally4 ,"u hot suns ^! ponds1 hav+ nei!r inlet nor outlet1 quickly became f\l1 p>ticul>ly :]e /ock resort$ to !m to dr9k & cool !mselves1 z !y did almo/ univ]sally ?r\gh\t ! /ate a few ye>s ago1 & d ev5 n[ 9 "s p>ts4 ,= ye>s su* ponds furni%$ ! pr9cipal1 almo/ ! only1 wat] supply = /ock 9 l>ge areas ( ?is /ate4 ,! con/ant use ( su* impure wat] greatly injur$ ! quality ( ! milk & butt] ( c[s1 & d\btless _h a baneful effect ^u ! heal? ( ! animals t drank ! f\l wat] & ^? :o us$ ! milk & butt]4 ,) ! dra9age ( ! l& & ! introduction ( a pure supply ( wat]1 came ! disappe>ance ( c]ta9 diseases ( cattle & ( human be+s1 p>ticul>ly ! s-call$ milk sickness & k9dr$ maladies1 & a m>k$ improvem5t 9 ! flavor & keep+ qualities ( milk & butt]4 ,al?\gh ! *ange ?us f> has be5 great1 !re are yet di/ricts 9 :i* !re has be5 little improvem5t 9 ! conditions ( ! l&1 ( ! wat] supply1 or ( ! p4 ,/ock are /ill compell$ to dep5d1 = _! wat] supply1 ^u /reams & pools t almo/ inv>iably become /agnant 9 ! w>m & dry days ( ! latt] "p ( summ] ea* ye>4#a ,inquiries address$ to hundr$s ( intellig5t & c>eful obs]v]s1 ne>ly all ( :om 7 practical /ockm51 elicit$ in=mation %[+ ! foll[+3 ,numb] ( ,di/rict ,*ief ,s\rce ( ,wat] ,c\nties ,supply #h ,nor?we/ or ,po/al ,/reams & wells2 ,di/rict spr+s furni% a consid]able "p ( x2 few ponds us$2 ?ree in/ances ( tile dra9s4 ,c5tral ,nor!rn ,wells *ief s\rce2 ,c\nties spr+s1 /reams1 & tiles us$ to a consid]able ext5t4 ,nor!a/ ,c\nties ,/reams1 wells1 & spr+s us$ ab\t equally4 ,ea/]n ,c\nties ,wells *iefly2 /reams next2 ponds & tile dra9s foll[ 9 ! ord] nam$2 n9e in/ances ( spr+s4 ,c5tral ,c\nties ,=ty-n9e di/ricts report wells2 =ty report /reams2 ?irty-five tile dra9s2 tw5ty-five ponds2 tw5ty-f\r spr+s4 ,we/]n ,c\nties ,wells & tile dra9s equal2 spr+s next2 ponds 9 a few in/ances4 #d ,s\!rn ,c\nties ,ponds & /reams equal2 six report wells2 five report spr+s2 f\r tile dra9s4 #ba ,c5tral ,s4 ,c\nties ,ponds *iefly2 /reams next2 wells next2 spr+s & tiles 9 ! ord] nam$4 ,s\!a/ & ,s\?we/ ,c\nties ,a l condition3 ponds1 /reams1 & spr+s4 ,f all p>ts ( ! /ate1 correspond5ts wrote t ! ponds & /reams become /agnant 9 ! w>m mon?s ( summ]1 a few mak+ exception ( ^? ye>s 9 :i* ra9fall has be5 heavy dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,/agnant wat] is f\nd m g5]ally 9 ! s\!rn ?an 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ,ill9ois2 *iefly1 p]haps1 because ! cultivation & dra9age ( ! l& has n become almo/ univ]sal z x has 9 ! nor!rn di/ricts4 ,9 sev]al c\nties artesian wells af=d a mo/ copi\s supply ( wat] ( good quality4 ,9 ,iroquois & o!r ea/]n c\nties1 su* wells h be5 bor$ to a dep? ( f #aej to #bjj feet & obta9$ an unfail+ fl[ ( wat] impregnat$ ) m9]als4 ,/ock %[ a /rong lik+ = su* wat] aft] becom+ accu/om$ to its use1 & x is ! belief ( ^? :o h _h opportunity = obs]v+ ! effects ( its cont9u$ use1 t ?is m9]al wat] s]ves to keep ! animals free f disord]s :i* =m]ly prevail$ 9 t region4 ,?is seems to be especially app>5t 9 reg>d to mal>ial disord]s4 ,p ,ab\t #ahbj1 ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois 0 be+ rapidly settl$ by p f ! ea/]n /ates4 ,prior to ?is "t1 v few :ite settlem5ts _h be5 made 9 ! /ate4 ,^! e>ly pione]s1 drawn f ! population ( ! ea/]n /ates1 7 compos$ ( almo/ all nationalities4 ,!y pu%$ _! way across ! m\nta9s ( ,p5nsylvania & ,virg9ia 9 crude wagons1 drawn by ox51 br++ ) !m _! h\sehold goods & a few milk c[s4 ,!y came into ,ill9ois1 built new homes1 & laid out new fields on ! broad1 unsettl$ prairies4#b ,illu/ration ,illu/ration ,beg9n+ ) ! ye> ( #ahjj1 :5 !re 7 only a few p 9 ! /ate1 ! population has increas$ v rapidly1 z is %[n by ! foll[+ /ati/ics1 tak5 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus ,report 7special supplem5t = ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois73 ,ye> ,population #agij #ahjj #e1fda #ahaj #bd1ebj #ahbj #adg1agh #ahcj #cdc1jca #ahdj #fhe1hff #ahej #hea1dgj #ahfj #a1gaa1iea #ahgj #b1eci1hia #ahhj #c1jgg1hga #ahij #c1hbf1ceb #aijj #d1hba1eej #aiaj #e1fch1eia ,cattle & ,cattle ,fe$+#c ,:5 ,ill9ois 0 fir/ settl$1 almo/ ! :ole ( ! middle & ! nor!rn p>ts ( ! /ate 7 cov]$ ) a rank gr[? ( native grasses1 :i* furni%$ an ample supply & v>iety ( =age ( fair quality4 ,9 ! s\!rn di/ricts 7 heavy =e/s1 b 9 ! c5tral & nor!rn sections 7 b few groves or o!r timb] gr[?s to af=d %elt] to /ock4 ,! prairie grasses t grew 9 ! c5tral & nor!rn di/ricts 7 usually deva/at$ by fire dur+ ! fall4 ,h[ev]1 ! g5]al f5c+ & cultivation ( ! l& put a /op to ! burn+ ( ^! dead grasses ( ! prairies1 & soon groves ( oaks sprang up & cov]$ _m uncultivat$ spots4 ,! leaves :i* /ay$ on ^! trees ?r\gh\t ! w9t] until spr+1 furni%$ valuable %elt] to /ock f ! raw w9t] w9ds4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! settlem5t ( ,ill9ois1 v little att5tion 0 giv5 to ! cattle int]e/4 ,! pione] settl]s1 h[ev]1 _h br\ght a few milk c[s ) !m f ! ea/]n /ates1 b ^! c[s 7 kept = milk only1 no ?\ght be+ giv5 to beef production4 ,aft] a few ye>s1 a few pure br$ cattle 7 br\ght 91 at :i* "t "s att5tion 0 giv5 to beef1 z well z to milk production1 n = ! beef produc$1 h[ev]1 b pr9cipally to give a ready m>ket = _! gra9 crops4 ,! practice ( rais+ beef cattle to m>ket gra9 cont9u$ f !n until ne> ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :5 cattle fe$+ 0 no long] pr(itable z a gra9 m>ket1 & ! "q 03 ,h[ mu* beef c be produc$ f a bu%el ( corn8#d ,despite ! seem+ly adv]se "* ( ! climate1 ,ill9ois has be51 = "s "t1 little1 if any1 beh9d o!r lead+ /ates ( ! ,union 9 /ock gr[+4 ,9 #ahej1 ?is /ate /ood six? 9 milk c[s1 & sev5? 9 "w ox5 & o!r cattle4 ,9 #ahfj1 x 0 t5? 9 "w ox51 fif? 9 milk c[s1 & second 9 o!r cattle4 ,9 #ahgj1 x 0 tw5ty-six? 9 "w ox51 f\r? 9 milk c[s1 & second 9 ! supply ( o!r cattle4 ,9 #ahhj1 x /ood ?irty-six? 9 "w ox51 second 9 milk c[s1 & ?ird 9 o!r cattle4 ,i[a !n _h #bdj1bhj & ,texas _h #a1hab1hfj m cattle ?an ,ill9ois4 ,! av]age value ( milk c[s 9 ,ill9ois 9 #ahhd 0 #ce1 & ( ox5 & o!r cattle1 x 0 #bh4jd1 :ile ! av]age value ( milk c[s 9 ,i[a 0 only #ca4ge1 & ( o!r cattle #bf4jj4 ,! blood ( ! ,%or?orns 0 us$ m l>gely ?an t ( any o!r bre$ 9 ! improvem5t ( ! cattle ( ! /ate4 ,! fir/1 & = "s ye>s1 ! only repres5tatives ( pure races ( cattle 9 ?is /ate 7 ,%or?orns1 & to ?is date !y exce$ all o!r bre$s 9 numb]4 ,! gr[? ( ! cattle int]e/ 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois1 f #ahej to #ahhd1 inclusive1 is %[n by ! foll[+ /ati/ics1 tak5 f ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus ,reports4 ,! fir/ figures ( close accuracy on ! numb] ( cattle 9 ! /ate 7 ^? gott5 9 #ahej4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,mil* ,c[s ,"w ,ox5 ,o!r ,cattle ,total ,ye>------------------------------------ -------------------- ,no4 ,inc4 ,no4 ,inc4 ,no4 ,inc4 ,no4 ,inc4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ahejbid1fga #gf1aef #eda1bji #iab1jcf #ahfjebb1fcd #gg4c #ij1chj #ah4f #igj1gii #gi4da1ehc1hac #gc4f #ahgjfdj1cba #bb4e #ai1gff-gh4a #a1jee1dii #h4ga1gae1ehf #h4c #ahhjhfe1iac #ce4b #c1cdf-hc4j #a1eae1jfc #dc4eb1chd1cbb #ch4i #ahhcgaf1ajb-ag4c #a1bec1gfe -#ag4ba1ifi1hfg -#ag4d #ahhdiai1djd #ag4g #a1dga1aia #ag4cb1cij1eie #ba4c ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,footnotes3 #a ,report ( ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 #ahhe1 p4 #cfb4 #b ,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus ,report & int]views ) old settl]s4 #c ,report ( ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 #ahhe1 p4 #cfe4 #d ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 #ahhe1 p4 #cfe-ff ,,ii4 ,,cattle ,,fe$+ ,,indu/ry#e ,:5 ! f>ms ( ,ill9ois 7 fir/ put into cultivation1 ! att5tion ( ! f>m]s 0 almo/ entirely devot$ to gra9 rais+4 ,:eat 0 ca% & 0 ! only product ( ! f>m t c\ld be sold = ready money4 ,! virg9 soils ( ! /ate gave to ! pione] l>ge crop yields1 b con/ant cropp+ soon began to tell on ! soil & ea* ye> ! crop yield became light]4 ,?is depletion ( ! f]tility ( ! soil by cont9u\s cropp+1 toge!r ) a ne$ = a ne> m>ket = ! gra9 crops1 soon gave /imulus to an idea t cattle fe$+ w\ld help re/ore ! f]tility ( ! soil &1 at ! same "t1 m>ket ! gra9 at home4 ,f ?is "t on1 ! production ( beef 9 ?is /ate has be5 "o ( ! mo/ important phases ( agriculture4 ,9 ! s\!rn "p ( ! /ate1 h[ev]1 :i* 0 settl$ l>gely by ,fr5*1 & :]e ! pr$om9at+ cattle cont9u$ to be ! mongrel br$ /ock1 little att5tion 0 giv5 to cattle fe$+4 ,^! p turn$ _! cattle out on ! luxuriant grass & reli$ ^u ! meat & milk produc$ 9 t way4 ,9 ! evolution or developm5t ( beef production t foll[$ 9 ,ill9ois & o!r corn-belt /ates1 !re has be5 two di/9ct /ages1 & x is n[ ent]+ ^u ! ?ird /age4 ,! fir/ /age 0 t 9 :i* cattle 7 f$ to m>ket corn1 & also to increase ! f]tility ( ! soil1 :i* 0 be+ deplet$ by ! cont9u\s cropp+4 ,! second /age 0 t 9 :i* ! ranges _h be5 brok5 up & ! object 0 n to raise cattle to m>ket corn b to raise corn to make beef4 ,! ?ird /age1 or t ^u :i* ! indu/ry is n[ ent]+1 is t ( baby beef mak+4 ,illu/ration ,sev5ty or eighty ye>s ago1 & = sev]al ye>s aft]w>d1 cattle 7 br$ & f$1 n prim>ily = beef production1 b to m>ket corn4 ,! f>m]s ( ^? days 7 accu/om$ to say3 ,i'll make my corn walk to m>ket1 or ,i'll cond5se my freight1 or ,i'll gr[ packages 9 :i* ,i c cond5se my corn & put 9 ! hay & pa/ures z well4 ,/ati/icians figur$ t ab\t six tons ( corn c\ld be put into "o ton ( pork1 ab\t t5 tons into "o ton ( beef1 & f tw5ty to tw5ty-five tons into "o ton ( butt]4 ,!re 7 v few railroads 9 ! /ate at t "t & f>m]s 7 =c$ to haul _! corn & :eat ?irty & =ty miles to rea* a /ation4 ,& :ile freight rates 7 extortionately high on corn & :eat 9 proportion to _! ca% value1 railroads 7 rac+ ) ea* o!r to get ! live/ock trade4 ,!y gave passes1 rebates1 & quick s]vice1 & _m o!r ?+s to get ! patronage ( ! cattle fe$]s & %ipp]s4 ,! c\ntry roads 9 ,ill9ois 7 bad1 ! bridges 7 few & poor1 & ! f>m]s1 !re=e1 soon came to realize t _! corn mu/ walk to m>ket if x gave !m any pr(it4 ,! gr[+ ( ! s-call$ packages 9 :i* to cond5se freight1 & !reby sell corn to a bett] advantage1 0 an easy matt] 9 ^? days4 ,9 ! new] sections1 away f ! ma9 l9es ( railroads1 !re 0 mu* op5 prairie l&1 :i* 0 cov]$ ) luxuriant grass4 ,cattle c\ld be h]d$ on ?is free grass on ! prairies at a doll> a head f ,may to ,octob]1 & !n /alk fields c\ld be _h = t5 c5ts an acre4 ,usually ^! /alk fields conta9$ f tw5ty c5ts to ?irty c5ts wor? ( corn p] acre4 ,! only exp5sive mon?s = fe$+ 7 ,m>* & ,april1 :5 ei!r clov]1 timo?y1 or prairie hay _h to be f$4 ,! co/ 9 ! summ] 0 only ab\t tw5ty c5ts a mon? p] head1 9 ! w9t] ab\t ?irty-?ree c5ts4 ,! total co/ ( gr[+ a package 0 ab\t #f4jj4 ,! cattle h]d]s 9 ^? days made contracts ) ! l>ge op]ators to graze s _m cattle at s mu* p] head dur+ ! graz+ season4 ,! usual price = ! entire season 0 f #a4jj to #a4ej p] head4 ,^! cattle rang$ f ?ree to sev5 ye>s old by ! "t !y 7 ready = m>ket & sold = ab\t #be4jj p] head4 ,an in/ance ( ! cattle h]d+ indu/ry1 z x may be t]m$1 is relat$ by ,mr4 ,c4 ,w4 ,yapp1 n[ ( ,urbana1 ,ill9ois1 :o 0 "o ( ! e>ly h]d]s 9 t c\ntry ne> ,mahomet3 ,ab\t #ahee1 at #ac ye>s ( age1 ,mr4 ,yapp began h]d+ cattle = ! !n l>ge cattle fe$]s ( t "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ! e>ly spr+ ( #ahfj1 he />t$ f ,mahomet ) a bun* ( #ab cattle1 to meet a l>ge drove t 0 com+ up f ! s\!rn "p ( ! /ate4 ,^! cattle 7 native /ock :i* _h be5 collect$ ov] ! /ate4 ,! entire bun* numb]+ ar\nd #ijj1 7 driv5 to ,drumm]'s ,grove1 ne> ,gibson ,city4 ,!re !y 7 br&$ & h]d$ on ! op5 prairie dur+ ! spr+ & summ]4 ,9 ! fall1 !y 7 return$ to ! lots ( ! l>ge fe$]s1 :]e !y 7 f$ out dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! fe$ dur+ ! w9t] consi/$ mo/ly ( %ock$ corn4 ,"s ( ! l>ge cattle fe$]s b\ght _! packages to be fill$ ) corn1 :ile o!rs grew !m4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! prim>y aim 0 n to make beef1 b to m>ket ! corn crop at a mu* bett] price ?an w\ld be obta9$ if ! w9t] 0 sp5t 9 haul+ ! corn to m>ket at ! ne>e/ t[n4 ,naturally1 ^! fe$]s f$ corn ) a lavi% h&4 ,!y f$ f tw5ty to ?irty p\nds to a /e] p] day1 & if ! /e] became gorg$ & muss$ ov] x1 x 0 ?r[n out to ! hogs4 ,!y kept corn be=e _! cattle all ! "t4 ,!y argu$ t if y want solid beef1 beef t w weigh l lead1 give ! cattle no?+ b corn & wat]4 ,!y want$ big packages1 no?+ less ?an two-ye>-old /e]s pa/ w\ld d1 & ?ree & f\r-ye>-olds 7 pref]able4 ,!y want$ /e]s t w\ld be at lea/ f\r ye>s old :5 ready = m>ket & t w\ld weigh f #aejj to #afjj p\nds4 ,^! /e]s 7 desirable because !y w\ld hold m corn ?an ! small] ones4 ,v little att5tion 0 giv5 to ! f9i% ( ! /e]s s5t to m>ket4 ,!y 7 all driv5 out toge!r reg>dless ( ! degree ( f9i%4 ,x 0 n until "s "t 9 ! eighties & n9eties t mu* att5tion 0 giv5 to ! degree ( f9i% 9 fat /e]s :5 s5t to m>ket4 ,aft] ! op5 prairies became settl$ up & !re 0 no m free grass at home1 ! fe$]s ( ,ill9ois & ! adjo9+ /ates c\ld buy _! packages on ! ranges on ! pla9s we/ ( ! ,mississippi riv]1 or at ! range cattle m>kets4 ,corn 0 /ill *eap & s 7 packages 9 ! %ape ( /ock]s & fe$]s4 ,! reason = ?is 0 t ! great corn fields ( ,kansas & ,nebraska 7 be+ op5$ up & ! great national pa/ures f ,canada to ! ,texas ,panh&le _h n yet become spott$ & r5d]$ useless by ! home/ead]4 ,speculation 9 semi-arid l& _h n set 91 & ! t]m dry f>m+ _h n be5 inv5t$4 ,! great dr\?s caus$ ! price ( corn to fluctuate b ! aggregate corn yield kept on increas+ ) increas$ acreage & usually ! ye> foll[+ a dr\? 0 "o ( sup]abundance ( corn4 ,su* 0 ! ye> ( #ahie foll[+ ! dr\? ( #ahid4 ,! proportion ( cattle p] ?\s& population /eadily increas$4 ,mean:ile our cattle m>kets became c5traliz$ & 7 always full to ov]fl[+4 ,ev]ybody wond]$ :]e ! cattle came f4 ,9 ! ye> ( #ahie1 ?is sy/em rea*$ its climax4 ,! "q confront+ ! f>m] at ?is "t 03 ,:y did he cont9ue gr[+ corn & fe$+ cattle8 ,he grew corn because he c\ld d x *eaply & m c]ta9ly ?an any?+ else4 ,! f>m] _h begun to realize t ! limit ( good l& wat]$ by ! ra9s ( heav5 w\ld soon be rea*$4 ,he w\ld1 !re=e1 hold on to 8 l& & ga9 back all t he _h lo/ 9 f]tility by gr[+ corn 9 ! increas$ price ( l& t 0 sure to come 9 ! ne> future4 ,he _h be5 fe$+ cattle to sell 8 corn ) ! idea also t cattle fe$+ & cattle graz+ 7 good = ! l&4 ,! limit ( good l& 0 n rea*$1 h[ev]1 ne>ly s soon z he _h expect$ & :5 x 0 rea*$1 l& advanc$ 9 price m rapidly ?an ev5 ! mo/ optimi/ic _h anticipat$4 ,! ye> ( #ahie m>ks ! end ( ! fir/ /age ( beef production 9 ,ill9ois z well z 9 ! o!r corn belt /ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,summ] ,t ! ,ra9 ,came ,n ,9 ! n9eties 7#ahif71 cattle fe$+ 9 ,ill9ois & ! o!r corn belt /ates ent]$ ^u ! second /age ( its evolution or developm5t4 ,! purpose ( fe$+ cattle dur+ ?is /age 0 n to m>ket corn b to make beef4 ,! great corn crop ( #ahie & #ahif1 foll[+ ! dr\? ( #ahid1 gave v *eap corn4 ,cattle 7 *eap also4 ,dur+ ! two ye>s #ahif-ahig1 bus9ess 0 on a /&/ill ! :ole c\ntry ov]1 b ! next ye>1 #ahih1 bus9ess />t$ 9 full bla/2 cattle began to advance 9 price1 & ! dem& = fe$]s increas$4 ,z a consequ5ce1 ! :ole c\ntry 0 sc\r$ = !m1 b x 0 f\nd t ! *oice/ ones _h be5 sold (f 9 #ahid1 & ! e>ly "p ( #ahie4 ,cattle fe$]s1 anxi\s to secure cattle to fill _! fe$ lots1 turn$ to o!r s\rces = _! supply4 ,!y w5t into ,mexico1 ,oregon1 ,colorado1 & ,t5nessee1 & b\ght _! fe$] cattle4 ,:5 cattle w5t up 9 price1 corn w5t up also1 !n labor began to gradually g up4 ,at t po9t began ! advance 9 ! value ( l&4 ,! gov]nm5t _h no m *oice corn l&4 ,! two acres necess>y to keep a c[ dur+ ! summ] & two m acres1 ! hay f :i* w\ld keep h] dur+ ! w9t]1 d\bl$ 9 price )9 ! next fifte5 ye>s1 b x did n increase 9 actual value z det]m9$ by ! am\nt ( grass or gra9 x w\ld produce4 ,x 0 at t "t ! p 7 confront$ fir/ ) de> l&1 /ock]s1 fe$]s1 corn1 hay1 & beef4 ,?is all l$ ! cattle fe$]s & ! corn gr[]s to beg9 /udy+ out a me?od or sy/em by :i* !y c\ld pr(itably gr[ corn to make beef in/ead ( gr[+ beef to m>ket corn4 ,! prices ( fat cattle 7 v tempt+1 some?+ unhe>d ( ev] be=e1 b :5 x came to buy+ fe$]s1 ! m>g9 0 v little great] ?an x _h be5 9 previ\s ye>s1 & besides1 corn 0 high] ?an x _h ev] be54 ,! problem !n 01 h[ to get ! mo/ beef out ( a bu%el ( corn4 ,exp]im5t /ations _h be5 do+ "w along t l9e = sev]al ye>s4 ,!y po9t$ out t ! y\ng] & small] ! animal is1 ! less w be ! gra9 requir$ to su/a9 ! life-giv+ =ces1 or to run ! ma*9e1 & a great] proportion w g to ! build+ up ( body tissue1 h5ce ! great] ! pr(it 9 fe$+ "y animals4 ,fe$]s began to drop out ! two & ?ree ye> old /e]s & replace !m ) baby beeves4 ,_m fe$]s tri$ x b someh[ or o!r !y c\ld n make x "w accord+ to ! exp]im5tal evid5ce4 ,!y f\nd no pr(it 9 fe$+ any k9d ( cattle4 ,_m fe$ lots became empty & blue grass & clov] pa/ures 7 pl[$ up & put into corn fields4 ,if corn 0 wor? m outside ( ! /e] ?an x 0 9 ! /e]1 ! f>m] argu$1 :y fe$ cattle8 ,! l&lord c\ld get m r5t f corn l& ?an f grass l& devot$ to cattle graz+2 !re=e1 he saw no pr(it 9 build+ exp5sive b>ns1 %$s1 & f5ces = cattle fe$+4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aijg1 bus9ess 0 fl\ri%+ & pack]s 7 9 ne$ ( money4 ,to meet _! ne$s1 !y flood$ ! we/]n banks ) comm]cial pap]4 ,!y b\ght s few cattle t ! price fell (f at lea/ #cj p] c5t 9 ?ree mon?s' "t4 ,! loss accru$ by su* a rapid decl9e 9 ! price ( fat cattle 0 s great t x paid = ! comm]cial pap] t _h be5 issu$ by ! pack]s4 ,su* conditions z ^! ha/5$ ! process ( deplet+ ! fe$ y>ds & decreas+ ! numb] ( cattle on ! m>ket4 ,! cattle h left c5tral ,ill9ois & ! gra9 elevator n[ di/+ui%es ! l&scape4 ,! va/ blue grass pa/ures ( ! ante-bellum p]iod h disappe>$1 & corn tillage is ! pr9cipal occupation ( ! agr>ian population4 ,d[n 9 ,morgan & ,sangamon c\nties1 ev5 recollections ( ! cattle trade1 z x exi/$ 9 ! days ( ,john ,t4 ,alex&] & ,jacob ,/rawn1 are be+ rapidly affect$4 ,a few cattle come 9 f ! we/ to be fatt5$ on corn1 b summ] graz+ is ! exception & ! int]e/ ( ! occupant ( ! l& c5t]s1 n 9 ! cattle m>ket quotations1 b 9 ! price ( corn4#f ,all ! evid5ce seems to po9t t[>d ! conclusions t ano!r *ange 9 ! corn belt sy/em ( beef production is imm95t4 ,"o ( two ?+s w happ5 or ,ill9ois w quit ! cattle bus9ess4 ,ei!r "s new bre$+ & re>+ c5t] mu/ be develop$1 or ,ill9ois fe$]s mu/ return to bre$+ _! own fe$] /e]s4 ,i believe t ,ill9ois w n quit ! cattle bus9ess4 ,!re is too mu* at /ake besides ! m]e success or failure ( ! cattle bus9ess alone4 ,fir/ ( all1 ?is c\ntry ne$s ! beef4 ,! greate/ p ( ! e>? h be5 meat eat]s1 & ,i believe t ! ,am]ican p w cont9ue to eat meat & w pay ! price necess>y to make its production pr(itable4 ,ano!r consid]ation ( vital importance1 b too broad a subject = discussion 9 ?is connection1 is ! value ( live/ock z an aid to ! ma9t5ance ( soil f]tility4 ,!n1 too1 = ! sake ( our economic /ability1 ! live/ock int]e/ ( ! c\ntry mu/ be pres]v$ & enc\rag$4 ,pr(essor ,h]b]t ,w4 ,mum=d is my au?ority = ! /atem5t t #hj ( ! corn gr[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is f$ to live/ock4 ,picture1 if y c1 ! effect ^u corn belt l& value & our economic situation g5]ally if ! c\ntry sudd5ly lo/ ?is m>ket = #hj ( its corn crop4 ,reg>d+ ! possibility ( ano!r bre$+ c5t] be+ develop$1 x may be said t !re are o!r sections t c produce fe$]s mu* m *eaply ?an ,ill9ois4 ,!re are l>ge areas ( *eap l&s 9 "s ( ! ,gulf /ates ) :i* ,ill9ois c\ld n compete 9 ! production ( fe$] /e]s4 ,b ^! sections are n int]e/$ 9 ! production ( cattle1 & x is d\btful if ! s\? ev] produces a surplus ( fe$] /e]s4 ,h5ce1 x seems t ! probable solution ( ! :ole "q w be br\ght ab\t by produc+ our own fe$]s4 ,if ,ill9ois does return to ! cattle bre$+ bus9ess1 x w n be on ! old ext5sive scale t prevail$ ?r\gh\t ! /ate a g5]ation ago4 ,grass gr[n on ^! high pric$ l&s is too exp5sive to be dispos$ ( ) s lavi% a h& z x 0 ?irty or =ty ye>s ago4 ,a return to cattle bre$+ 9 ,ill9ois w be co9cid5t ) a m g5]al adoption ( supplem5t = pa/ure4 ,! use ( small] proportions ( p]man5t pa/ure1 m ext5sive use ( rotat$ or legum9\s pa/ures1 ! pass+ ( ! ag$ /e]s 9 our fe$ lots1 & ! inauguration ( :at may be call$ int5sive sy/ems ( baby beef production4#g ,,numb] ,,( ,,beef ,,cattle ,,9 ,,ill9ois ,,by ,,ye>s ,,f #ahef ,,to #aiad4 ,ye> ,numb] ( ,beef ,cattle 9 ,ill9ois #ahef #a #afi #hee #aheg #a #cea #bji #aheh #a #dbb #bdi #ahei #a #ccf #efe #ahfj #a #dbe #igh #ahfa #a #dbh #cfb #ahfb #a #fjc #idf #ahfc #a #fhd #hib #ahfd #a #cgj #ghc #ahfe #a #efh #bhj #ahff #a #dce #gfi #ahfg #a #dhf #cha #ahfh #a #ebj #ifc #ahfi #a #ehd #dde #ahgj #a #egh #jae #ahga #a #faa #cdi #ahgb #a #fhd #jbi #ahgc #b #jae #hai #ahgd #b #jdb #cbg #ahge #a #ihe #aee #ahgf #a #heg #cja #ahgg #a #gej #ica #ahgh #a #gge #dja #ahgi #a #hfb #bfe #ahhj #a #iih #ghh #ahha #b #jde #cff #ahhb #b #jab #ijb #ahhc #a #iei #hfg #ahhd #a #iig #ibg #ahhe #b #aff #jei #ahhf #b #ccg #jgd #ahhg #b #dhj #dja #ahhh #b #dfe #bhh #ahhi #b #cih #aia #ahij #b #jie #eie #ahia #a #hec #cah #ahib #a #fae #dje #ahic #a #hab #ibd #ahid #a #gih #dag #ahie #a #ghb #aeh #ahif #a #fbf #aga #ahig #a #gec #cga #ahih #a #hjb #jfa #ahii #a #hhf #icc #aijj #b #jji #eih #aija #b #cgb #gaj #aijb #b #dji #ggb #aijc #b #cbe #ihj #aijd #b #ece #ied #aije #b #cja #eai #aijf #b #bjc #ajh #aijg #b #jfe #haf #aijh #a #hib #aah #aiji #a #fia #fhf #aiaj #a #eab #jee #aiaa #a #dgc #gda #aiab #a #beh #bic #aiac #a #agj #fbh ,9 review+ ! cattle bre$+ & ! cattle fe$+ situation 9 ,ill9ois 9 #ahid1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,g4 ,imbod5 /at$ t ! outlook 0 n v enc\rag+4 ,! "q 01 ,are ! m5 :o are fe$+ ! gra9 & fodd] crop ( ! f>m any worse (f ?an ^? gra9 f>m]s :o are sell+ _! gra9 on ! m>ket1 or ev5 ! but*]1 ! groc]1 ! boot & %oe deal]1 or ! drygoods m]*ant8 ,!y und\bt$ly 7 n at t "t4 ,competition 0 v close1 pr(its small1 & unless a bus9ess man 0 satisfi$ ) a small pr(it1 8 competitor did ! bus9ess4 ,su* 7 ! conditions t fac$ ! cattle bre$]s & fe$]s at t "t4 ,f #e to #aj ( ! fe$+ value ( ! crops on ,ill9ois f>ms 7 left 9 ! field2 /raw-/acks /ood 9 ! field :]e ! ?re%] left !m2 /ov] /ood on ! field aft] ! corn 0 husk$1 :ile on ^! same f>ms 7 /ock t 7 %r9k+ f exposure & lack ( fe$4 ,! outlook = ! fe$] 0 v disc\rag+1 b mu* m s = ! bre$]4 ,!re 7 no hopes = success = ! bre$] until ! fe$] _h two or ?ree ye>s ( success 9 ord] to make a m>ket = ! cattle t 7 br$4 ,/rong ef=ts 7 be+ made to devise "s me?ods ( fe$+ ! f>m products m economically & 9 su* a way z w\ld mean m gra9 & bett] pr(its = ! fe$]4 ,! cattle fe$]s ( ,ill9ois presum$ t ! "t 0 ne>+ :5 fe$] cattle ( ! be/ grade = graz+ & fe$+ purposes w\ld be h>d to secure4 ,:ile at t "t !re 7 pl5ty ( cattle we/ ( ! ,mississippi riv]1 9 ,ill9ois !re 0 a sc>city ( bre$+ cattle to supply ! dem&4 ,x 0 h>d] to buy a bun* ( fifty uni=mly good /e]s1 ?r\gh\t c5tral ,ill9ois especially1 ?an x _h be5 = fifte5 ye>s pa/4 ,?is 0 probably due to ! fact t fe$]s _h quit rais+ _! fe$+ cattle & ! bre$]s _h *ang$ f "o bre$ to ano!r 9 hopes ( f9d+ a bre$ t w\ld give !m great] returns4 ,aga91 _m bre$]s _h become v c>eless ( ! m]its ( ! cattle on _! f>m4#h ,! ,fir/ ,silo 9 ,ill9ois ,9 #ahha1 ,oatman ,bro!rs1 ( ,dundee1 ,ill9ois1 built ! fir/ silo 9 ! /ate4 ,at ! eigh? annual meet+ ( ! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,dairyman's ,association1 held at ,dundee1 ,ill9ois1 ,decemb] #ad-af1 #ahha1 ,mr4 ,e4 ,j4 ,oatman read an article on ,silos & ,ensilage4 ,mr4 ,oatman /at$ t "s agricultural pap] 9 ,*icago _h be5 agitat+ ! build+ ( silos 9 ,ill9ois & _h tri$ to induce him to build "o4 ,! /ories t ! pap] told ab\t ! value ( ensilage z a fe$ s\nd$ too good to be true4 ,! idea ( cutt+ up gre5 fodd]1 pack+ x away 9 a hole1 & expect+ to see x come out 9 fir/ class condition1 9 ! dead ( w9t]1 seem$ to be impossible4 ,a great _m objections arose to su* c[ kraut z "s call$ x4 ,x w\ld heat1 f]m5t1 & rot2 !re=e x 0 a v difficult matt] to make p see its value z a fe$4 ,mr4 ,oatman1 h[ev]1 visit$ ! f>m ( ,messrs4 ,:itman & ,burrell at ,little ,falls1 ,new ,york1 on ,febru>y #a1 #ahhj1 = ! purpose ( see+ _! silo & ! condition ( _! ensilage4 ,he made a ?or\gh inve/igation & !reupon became conv9c$ t ensilage 0 a success4 ,he return$ home to 8 f>m at ,dundee & made prep>ations to build a silo4 ,8 fir/ silo 0 #di feet by #dc feet by #bj feet deep1 dug out into ! gr\nd4 ,x 0 divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 all ( :i* 7 made ( concrete4 ,aft] ! silo 0 f9i%$1 ,mr4 ,oatman proce$$ to fill x1 :i* requir$ ?irte5 days ) a =ce ( t5 m51 at a rate ( ab\t tw5ty-?ree tons p] day4 ,aft] x 0 fill$1 /one 0 plac$ on top1 at ! rate ( ab\t #aej p\nds p] squ>e in*4 ,mr4 ,oatman met ) _m disc\ragem5ts ) 8 new silo2 ! community at l>ge ?\ght x 0 a v fooli% idea4 ,"s said t if x did keep1 ! cattle w\ld n eat x1 & o!rs /ill m radical1 ev5 hop$ t he w\ld lose x all1 & said t any man :o w\ld try su* a ?+ 0 crazy4 ,:5 ! "t came to op5 ! silo1 ,mr4 ,oatman f\nd t ! silage 0 all fre% & nice ) ! exception ( a few in*es on top4 ,8 cattle took to x readily1 & he f\nd t x greatly increas$ ! milk production ( 8 dairy h]d4#i ,! use ( ensilage z a fe$ = beef & milk production has become s g5]al 9 ,ill9ois s9ce ! fir/ silo 0 built 9 #ahha t ensilage is n[ "o ( ! /aple fe$s4 ,:ile !re are a few p :o /ill ?9k t ! use ( ensilage 9 ! production ( beef is a fad1 practically e "o agrees t x is economical 9 ! production ( milk4 ,ensilage is a r\ghage & n a conc5trate1 & its pr(itabl5ess 9 a fatt5+ ration dep5ds n s mu* ^u its nutritive value z ^u its succul5ce & palatability1 ! /e]s' ability to consume l>ge quantities ( x1 & ! fact t x makes possible ! utilization ( all ( ! corn plant1 a l>ge proportion ( :i* w\ld be wa/$4 ,e ye> sees a m g5]al adoption ( ensilage z a r\ghage1 & ) ! inauguration ( ! pres5t int5sive sy/em ( baby beef production1 & :]e ! baby beeves are rais$ on ! f>m on :i* !y are to be f$1 ensilage is ! mo/ economical fe$ t c be us$ 9 ma9ta9+ ! bre$+ h]d4 ,! ,*icago ,m>ket ,! situation ( ,*icago 9 ! great agricultural c5t] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates br\ght x into prom95ce at an e>ly day z ! c5t] ( ! live /ock trade4 ,?is position x has nev] lo/4 ,h[ev] great may be ! developm5t ( o!r sections ( ! c\ntry1 ,*icago c n fail to cont9ue to be ! lead] 9 ?is class ( bus9ess4 ,its location z a railroad c5t] & its position z a di/ribut+ po9t is made secure by ! /ead9ess ( its gr[? & ! magnitude ( its pres5t op]ations4 ,!re is great] competition 9 ?is m>ket ?an 9 any o!r4 ,! ,*icago m>ket is ! pur*as+ po9t1 n only = ! local pack]s1 l>ge & small1 ! export]s1 & ! speculators1 b also = a great numb] ( small] pack+ h\ses scatt]$ ov] ! c\ntry1 & = ! fe$]s & bre$]s ( ! mo/ f]tile & l>ge/ agricultural sections ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4#aj ,prior to ! ye> ( #ahcc1 ,*icago _h no provisions to export1 & z late z #ahcf1 an actual sc>city ( food !re creat$ a panic among ! inhabitants4 ,! fir/ %ipm5t ( cattle products f ,*icago 0 made 9 #ahda1 by ,newbury & ,dale on ! s*oon]1 ,napoleon1 b\nd = ,detroit1 ,mi*igan4 ,?is %ipm5t consi/$ ( #bhg b>rels ( salt$ beef & #ad b>rels ( tall[4 ,/ati/ics ( ,*icago #ahcg4 ,population3 ,:ites #cihi ,color$ #afj ,males #begi ,females #aegj ------ ,total #dadi ,build+s3 ,dwell+s #cih ,drygoods /ores #bi ,groc]y /ores #bf ,h>dw>e /ores #e ,drug /ores #c ,*ur*es #e ,!re 7 two weekly pap]s publi%$ 9 ,*icago at ?is "t3 ,! ,am]ican1 a :ig pap]1 & ! ,democrat4 ,! fir/ m>ket 9 ! way ( /ock y>ds 9 ,*icago 0 locat$ on ! nor? bran* ( ! ,*icago riv]4 ,^! y>ds 7 us$ *iefly = sw9e4 ,9 #ahcf1 ! fir/ cattle y>ds 7 op5$ on a tract ( l& ne> tw5ty-n9? /reet & ,cottage ,grove av5ue4 ,a few p5s _h be5 erect$ "h to accommodate ! cattle trade4 ,! fir/ scales = weigh+ live/ock ev] us$ 9 t c\ntry 7 us$ 9 ^! y>ds4#aa ,9 #ahee1 !re 7 two regul> /ock y>ds 9 ,*icago2 "o1 call$ ! ,m]rick ,y>d1 is n[ kn[n z ! ,%]man ,y>ds1 & ! o!r 0 call$ ! ,bull%ead ,y>d4 ,a great _m ea/]n p came to ,*icago at ?is "t to buy fat cattle to take back ea/4 ,mo/ ( ! cattle !y b\ght 7 driv5 ov] into ,indiana to ,mi*igan ,city1 to be %ipp$ on ea/4 ,john ,l4 ,hancock 0 ! only pack] 9 ,*icago at ?is "t4 ,ice 0 n us$1 & pack+ 0 done dur+ ! cool seasons ( ! ye>4 ,"o elem5t ( ! success ( ,*icago z a m>ket 0 ! fact t /ock might be pa/ur$ )\t *>ge on ! prairies ne> ! city1 :ile ! own]s await$ favorable m>ket conditions 9 ! ea/]n /ates4 ,! cattle 7 h]d$ on ! op5 prairies j outside ( ! city1 & ! buy]s ( ,*icago rode out ea* day & b\ght ! cattle 9 su* numb]s z !y ne$$4 ,9 #ahfe1 ! gr[? ( ! live/ock traffic _h increas$ s rapidly t ! sev]al railroad companies t c5t]$ 9 ,*icago1 toge!r ) ! manag]s ( ! /ock y>ds already exi/+1 comb9$ = ! erection ( ! ,union ,/ock ,y>ds4 ,^! 7 op5$ = bus9ess on ,*ri/mas day1 #ahfe4ab ,! meat indu/ry ( ,*icago1 f ! pur*ase ( ! live/ock to ! %ipm5t ( ! meat1 9 ei!r ! fre% or ! cur$ condition1 is c>ri$ on at ! ,union ,/ock ,y>ds1 :i* are locat$ ne> ! outskirts ( ! city4 ,! y>ds cov] exactly a squ>e mile ( gr\nd4 ,"o-half ( ?is area is cov]$ ) cattle p5s1 & ! o!r half by huge e/abli%m5ts ( ! pack+ h\ses4 ,! p5s are surr\nd$ by /rong /ockades1 ab\t %\ld] high1 & !y are laid out 9 blocks ) /reets & alleys1 9 mu* ! same fa%ion z an ord9>y ,am]ican t[n4 ,! :ole ( ?is area1 a half mile 9 wid?1 & a mile 9 l5g?1 is pav$ ) r$ brick2 & "h we see ! fir/ notable evid5ce ( ! ef=t to ma9ta9 ! /ock y>ds 9 a sanit>y condition4 ,! brick pav+ makes x possible to ?or\ghly clean bo? p5s & /reets1 & ?is is done at regul> & frequ5t int]vals4#ac ,:atev] may h be5 ! conditions 9 ! pa/1 x is a fact t today ! greate/ c>e is ex]cis$ 9 ! %ipm5t & h&l+ ( ! /ock f ! "t !y leave ! f>ms until !y rea* ! pack+ h\ses4 ,! price t ! animals w br+ 9 ! p5s dep5ds ^u ! conditions !y pres5t "u ! eye ( ! buy]1 :o repres5ts ! pack+ h\ses1 & x is to ! int]e/ ( ! f>m]s1 ! cattlem51 & ! commission m51 to :om ! cattle are consign$ at ! y>ds1 t !y %all receive ! be/ food & ! mo/ c>eful att5tion up to ! v h\r at :i* ! sale is made4 ,!y are %ipp$ 9 special /ock c>s1 9 :i* !y are c>ri$ z exp$iti\sly z possible to ! /ock y>ds1 :]e !y are unload$ & driv5 to ! p5s4 ,"h !y are at once f$ & wat]$1 ea* p5 conta9+ a fe$+ tr\gh & a wat] tr\gh1 into :i* a /ream ( fre% wat] is kept runn+4 ,! cattlem5 consign _! /ock to ! v>i\s commission h\ses1 & = receiv+ & sell+ ! /ock1 !re is a *>ge (1 respectively1 tw5ty-five c5ts & fifty c5ts a head4 ,! pur*ase ( ! cattle is made by buy]s1 ( :om ea* ( ! pack+ h\ses ma9ta9 a regul> /aff4 ,ab\t #ahde1 a bold editor left ,buffalo1 ,new ,york1 !n ! greate/ lake "p ( ! c\ntry1 & bravely v5tur$ z f> into ! r[dy we/ z ,*icago4 ,possibly ! p "h receiv$ him ) g5]\s hospitality2 p]haps !y treat$ him ) some?+ ev5 m w>m+ to ! inn] man2 or x may be t z !y fill$ him ) solid *uck &1 p]haps1 ) less solid refre%m5ts1 !y took occasion to rem>k1 ) t mode/ & re/ra9$ hopefulness = :i* ,*icago p h ju/ly receiv$ cr$it1 t ,*icago 0 de/9$ to become a t[n ( "s importance4 ,be t z x may1 :5 t editor luckily f\nd himself once m safe )9 8 sanctum1 he gave v5t to 8 joy & ov]fl[+ gratitude by writ+ wild1 en?usia/ic pr$ictions conc]n+ ! future ( ! t[n1 :i* 0 !n aspir+ to rise above ! ru%es & wild rice ( ! ,*icago riv]4 ,reckless ( ! op9ion ( ! read]s ( 8 pap]1 p]haps tru/+ to _! ignorance ( ! conditions ( ! out ( ! way place1 ?is bold editor pr$ict$ t ! day w\ld come :5 ,*icago w\ld h an elevator capaci\s en\gh to hold #be1jjj bu%els ( gra91 & t 9 a s+le w9t] season1 #aj1jjj cattle1 & z _m hogs1 w\ld be slaught]$ & pack$ !re4 ,beef pack+ 0 ! lead+ indu/ry ( ,*icago at t "t1 b no tru/wor?y /ati/ics relat+ to ! cattle traffic previ\s to #ahea h be5 pres]v$1 & f #ahea until #ahef no acc\nt ( ! receipts ( cattle 7 kept4 ,?is 0 probably due to ! fact t a l>ge numb] ( ^? cattle t 7 br\ght to ,*icago 7 held on ! op5 prairies until sold to but*]s to supply ! requirem5ts = local consumption4 ,no accurate c\nt ( cattle dispos$ ( 9 t way c\ld well be obta9$4 ,/ati/ics ( ! receipts ( cattle at ! ,*icago ,union ,/ock ,y>ds f #ahea to #aiac1 inclusive1 & ! %ipm5ts f #aheb to #ahhd1 inclusive3 ,ye> ,receipts ,%ipm5ts #ahea #bb #effad #aheb #be #gjhad #gg #ahec #bi #ijhad #b #feg #ahed #cf #hhhad #aa #bba #ahee #ci #hfead #h #bec #ahef #ci #iej #bb #bje #aheg #dh #ebd #be #ejb #aheh #adj #ecd #db #fch #ahei #aaa #fid #cg #ehd #ahfj #agg #aja #ig #dgd #ahfa #bjd #egi #abd #adf #ahfb #bji #fee #aab #gde #ahfc #cjj #fbb #ahg #jdh #ahfd #cjc #gbf #afb #ddf #ahfe #ccc #cfb #cja #fcg #ahff #cic #jjg #bfc #fic #ahfg #cbi #ahh #bjc #ehj #ahfh #cbd #ebd #bae #ihg #ahfi #djc #ajb #bid #gag #ahgj #ecb #ifd #cia #gji #ahga #edc #jej #dja #ibg #ahgb #fdh #jge #eaj #jbe #ahgc #gfa #dbh #egd #aha #ahgd #hdc #iff #hbb #ibi #ahge #ibj #hdc #fif #ecd #ahgf #a #jif #gde #gig #gbd #ahgg #a #jcc #aea #gjc #djb #ahgh #a #jhc #jfh #fii #ajh #ahgi #a #bae #gcb #gbf #ijc #ahhj #a #chb #dgg #hhf #fad #ahha #a #dih #eej #ich #gab #ahhb #a #ehb #ecj #iba #jji #ahhc #a #hgh #idd #iff #geh #ahhd #a #hag #fig #fgh #cda #ahhe #a #ije #eah #ahhf #a #ifc #ijj #ahhg #b #chb #jjh #ahhh #b #faa #edc #ahhi #c #jbc #bha #ahij #c #dhd #bhj #ahia #c #bej #cei #ahib #c #ega #gif #ahic #c #acc #djf #ahid #b #igd #cfc #ahie #b #ehh #eeh #ahif #b #fjj #dgf #ahig #b #eed #ibd #ahih #b #dhj #hig #ahii #b #ead #ddf #aijj #b #gbi #jdf #aija #c #jca #cif #aijb #b #ida #eei #aijc #c #dcb #dhf #aijd #c #bei #ahe #aije #c #daj #dfi #aijf #c #cbi #bej #aijg #c #cje #cad #aijh #c #jci #bjf #aiji #b #ibi #hje #aiaj #c #jeb #ieh #aiaa #b #ica #hca #aiab #b #feb #cdb #aiac #b #eac #jgd #aiad ,/4 ,l\is ,/ock ,y>ds ,9 ,april1 #ahfi1 a *>t] 0 grant$ by ! /ate ( ,ill9ois to ! ,ea/ ,/4 ,l\is ,/ock ,y>ds ,company4 ,?is company 0 au?oriz$ to issue /ock to an am\nt n to exce$ #bjj1jjj4 ,! orig9al *>t] ( ! company1 :i* lat] op]at$ ! ,national ,/ock ,y>ds1 fix$ ! capital /ock !re( at #a1jjj1jjj1 :i* 01 subsequ5tly1 rais$1 by a vote ( ! /ock hold]s1 to an am\nt ( #bej1jjj1 to meet ! requirem5ts ( ! rapidly gr[+ bus9ess4 ,:5 ! ,national ,/ock ,y>ds 7 complet$1 !y 7 m conv5i5t ?an 7 any o!rs ( _! k9d 9 ! c\ntry4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,wallaces' ,f>m]1 #aiac1 & !sis by ,g>v]1 ,hi/ory ( ,dairy ,indu/ry 9 ,ill9ois4 #f ,! ,bre$]'s ,gazette1 ,july1 #aiac4 #g ,lecture by ,pr(essor ,h4 ,p4 ,rusk on ,beef ,production4 #h ,! ,bre$]'s ,gazette1 ,feb4 #ahid4 #i ,!sis ,hi/ory ( ! ,dairy ,indu/ry 9 ,ill9ois by ,g>n]1 #aiaa4 #aj ,facts & ,figures1 by ,wood ,bro!rs1 ,live ,/ock ,commission ,m]*ants1 ,*icago1 #aijf1 & ,report ( ,bureau ( ,an4 ,ind4 #ahhd4 #aa ,prairie ,f>m]1 #ahhg1 p4 #afj4 #ab ,life ( ,tom ,c4 ,pont+4 #ac ,sci5tific ,am]ican--,! ,meat ,indu/ry ( ,am]ica1 #aiji4 #ad ,e/imat$4 ,,iii4 ,,cattle ,,b>ons ,,& ,,pione] ,,drov]s ,,( ,,ill9ois ,previ\s to ! end ( ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 no droves ( cattle 7 se5 9 ! c\ntry we/ ( ,ohio4 ,! fir/ drove ev] driv5 f ,ill9ois 0 tak5 f ,spr+field1 ?r\gh ,*icago1 to ,gre5 ,bay1 ,wiscons91 9 #ahbe1 by ,colonel ,william ,s4 ,hamilton4 ,beg9n+ ) ?is date1 ! practice ( collect+ cattle into droves & driv+ !m to m>ket soon grew f a m9or occupation into an indu/ry )9 itself2 beef cattle t 7 gr[n & fatt5$ 9 ,ill9ois 7 ga!r$ toge!r into l>ge droves by m5 :o made x a bus9ess1 & 7 driv5 to ! !n great cattle m>kets on ! sea bo>d4 ,=emo/ among ^! e>ly pione] cattlem5 73 ,jacob ,/rawn1 ,john ,t4 ,alex&]1 ,b4 ,f4 ,h>ris1 & ,tom ,c4 ,pont+4 ,9 ! scope ( _! op]ations1 ,jacob ,/rawn & ,john ,t4 ,alex&] exce$$ _m ( ! conspicu\s op]ators 9 ! rise & fall ( ! range indu/ry 9 ?is /ate4 ,^! m5 own$ hundr$s ( acres ( ! prairie l& ( ! /ate1 on :i* !y collect$ enorm\s droves ( cattle4 ,^! cattle 7 graz$ "h ?r\gh\t ! spr+ & summ]1 !n 7 f$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,x 0 no uncommon occurr5ce = "o ( ^! op]ators to buy all ! corn = sale dur+ "o season 9 ?ree or f\r c\nties4 ,! next spr+ ^! fat bullocks 7 trail$ across ! level c\ntry to ! ea/]n m\nta9 ranges1 ov] :i* !y climb$ to rea* ,lanca/]1 ,philadelphia1 & ,new ,york4 ,c9c9nati & ,buffalo receiv$ a few ( ^! cattle1 b mo/ ( !m 7 driv5 on ?r\gh to ! m>kets on ! sea bo>d1 :]e bett] prices 7 obta9$4 ,^! cities bore ab\t ! same relation to ! live/ock traffic ( ^? days z ,*icago1 ,/4 ,l\is1 ,kansas ,city1 & ,/4 ,joseph be> to ! cattle trade ( today2 !y 7 ! collect+ po9ts = ! bus9ess & ! slaught]]s :o b\ght !m ei!r salt$ ! c>casses d[n 9 b>rels & casks or sold !m to local consum]s4 ,o!r deal]s1 h[ev]1 b\ght "s ( ^! cattle & drove !m on to small] t[ns ne>] ! coa/4 ,9 ! c5sus ( #ahej1 x 0 record$ t ,ill9ois alone s5t #b1jjj head ( cattle ea* week to ! ,new ,york m>ket4 ,:ile ! cattle b>ons repres5t$ a l>ge "p ( ! beef cattle trade ( ,ill9ois1 !re 7 hundr$s ( small] deal]s :o f$ only a few cattle ea* ye> :i* add$ mat]ially to ! magnitude ( ! beef cattle indu/ry ( ! /ate4 ,a few ( ^! small] op]ators 7 f\nd 9 almo/ e section ( ! /ate1 especially 9 ! c5tral & nor!rn "p4 ,cattle trail+ cont9u$ until l9es ( railroad connect+ ,ill9ois ) ! cities on ! ,atlantic coa/ 7 built4 ,?is made cattle trail+ unnecess>y & greatly /imulat$ ! production ( beef 9 ! /ate by furni%+ means = plac+ beef be=e ! consum]s ( ! ea/ quickly &1 at a mu* less co/ ?an t ( ! old me?od4 ,! long drives greatly decreas$ ! weight ( ! animals1 &1 at ! same "t1 ! meat ( c>casses 0 inf]ior to t ( ! cattle t 7 %ipp$ by railroad1 & slaught]$ )\t hav+ tak5 su* a long drive4#ae ,john ,t4 ,alex&]#af ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,t4 ,,alex&]4 ,among ! cattle op]ators ( ,ill9ois1 ,john ,t4 ,alex&] 0 probably ! greate/ by reason ( ! magnitude ( 8 transactions1 b he 0 ant$at$ by ,jacob ,/rawn1 :o locat$ 9 ,morgan ,c\nty 9 #ahbg4 ,alex&] has be5 reg>d$ z ,am]ica's greate/ cattleman 9 a comm]cial s5se4 ,9 ! /rict s5se ( ! t]m1 he 0 a pa/orali/ & a trad]1 n an agriculturali/4 ,8 p>5ts 7 native ( ,irel&1 :o migrat$ to ,virg9ia 9 #ahah1 & 9 #ahbd jo9$ ! exodus to ! ,mississippi ,valley1 settl+ 9 ,jeff]son ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,john ,t4 ,alex&] 0 ! olde/ ( a family ( elev5 *ildr54 ,8 education 0 on ! f>m4 ,he 0 end[$ ) t faculty call$ cattle s5se4 ,at ! age ( fifte51 he 0 entru/$1 by 8 fa!r1 ) ! entire *>ge ( a drove ( cattle s5t to ,philadelphia4 ,he sold !m to advantage1 collect$ ! money1 & took x safely home4 ,at ! age ( sev5te51 he 0 pur*as+ cattle 9 ,ill9ois to repl5i% 8 fa!r's ,ohio pa/ures4 ,x is relat$ t 8 se>* took him d[n into ,sangamon c\nty1 :]e he 0 s /ruck ) its natural advantages1 f a cattle /&po9t1 t he det]m9$ to migrate4 ,9 #ahdj1 ! ,alex&]s settl$ 9 ,morgan c\nty1 !n a cattle range b\nd$ only by ! horizon4 ,mr4 ,alex&] accumulat$ a h]d ( /e]s1 pa/ur$ !m on ! public doma91 & = half a decade prosp]$ 9 a mod]ate way4 ,z ! c\ntry became settl$1 x soon became evid5t t he mu/ own l& or get out ( ! cattle bus9ess z f> z t locality 0 conc]n$4 ,9 #ahdh1 he pur*as$ #c1jjj acres ( l& at prices rang+ f #hg c5ts to #c4jj p] acre4 ,?is l& 0 adjo9+ ! half section t he _h orig9ally home/ead$4 ,9 #ahee1 he acquir$ ano!r #a1jjj acres at #cj4jj p] acre4 ,?is indicat$ h[ rapidly ! price ( l& 0 advanc+4 ,9 #aheg1 he b\ght #gjj acres m at #ej4jj p] acre1 & 9 #ahei1 he acquir$ #aejj acres ( ! ,/rawn e/ate at #cj4jj p] acre4 ,9 #ahfd1 he secur$ #hec acres at #fj4jj to #gj4jj p] acre1 mak+ him ! own] ( #g1bcc acres ( ! *oice/ l& 9 ,ill9ois4 ,9 #ahff1 he pur*as$ ! /ock f>m ( ,mi*ael ,sullivan 9 ,*ampaign c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 conta9+ #bf1jjj acres at #aa4jj to #ab4jj p] acre4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod ( pur*ase t ,john ,t4 ,alex&] acquir$ ! title ( cattle k+4 ,8 transactions 7 on an enorm\s scale4 ,8 buy]s se>*$ e nook & cranny ( ! cattle produc+ region ( ! ,mississippi valley1 & ,alex&]1 on ! ,waba% railroad 9 ,morgan c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 0 ! l>ge/ cattle %ipp+ /ation 9 ! _w4 ,entire tra9s ( cattle1 de/9$ = ea/]n m>kets1 7 daily load$ !re & almo/ ! entire population 0 on ! ,alex&] pay roll4 ,?\s&s ( o!r cattle1 = :i* he paid b nev] saw1 7 load$ at innum]able po9ts = ea/]n m>kets4 ,f a pa/orali/1 he _h em]g$ into a speculator on probably ! mo/ gigantic scale ! live /ock indu/ry has ev] witness$4 ,he rul$ ! m>kets ( ! ,ea/ & 0 ! ,napoleon ( ! cattle trade4 ,8 "n 0 m famili> to ! ,we/ ?an t ( ,v&]bilt or ,a4 ,t4 ,/ew>t4 ,8 annual cattle %ipm5t = _m ye>s exce$$ #ej1jjj head1 & 9 #ahfh1 rea*$ #ge1jjj4 ,= a l5g?y p]iod1 8 sales on ea/]n m>kets exce$$ #d1jjj1jjj annually1 & x is relat$ t prior to 8 ,*ampaign c\nty pur*ase1 an inv5tory ( 8 assets %[$ #g1bcc acres ( l&1 av]ag+ #ge4jj p] acre 9 value1 #ajj1jjj 9 bank1 #g1jjj cattle on 8 ,morgan c\nty pa/ures1 & n a doll> ( debt4 ,su* speculative op]ations1 h[ev]1 _h ! result ( entail+ f9ancial emb>rassm5t4 ,9 #ahga1 ,alex&] _h to contract 8 bus9ess & "p ) 8 ,*ampaign c\nty prop]ty4 ,?is emb>rassm5t 0 due to _m causes1 n ! lea/ s]i\s ( :i* 0 cattle mortality by spl5etic fev]1 by :i* he lo/ #ajj1jjj4 ,he also su/a9$ heavy losses by %r9kage 9 cattle values1 & ! ,*ampaign c\nty inve/m5t prov$ disa/r\s4 ,he also became involv$ 9 railroad complications4 ,! railroads 7 ke5 competitors = ! live/ock traffic & 9 #ahga1 ,alex&] sev]$ 8 relations ) ! ,p5nsylvania railroad1 mak+ a contract ) ! ,new ,york ,c5tral1 by :i* t company gave him a l[ rate conditional to a specifi$ tonnage4 ,by way ( res5tm5t1 ! ,p5nsylvania railroad put m]ely nom9al rates into effect1 !reby glutt+ ea/]n m>kets & crippl+ ,alex&]'s trade1 :i* _h become s colossal z to be unwieldy4 ,to c>ry on su* gigantic op]ations1 he 0 compell$ to tru/ to innum]able assi/ants1 _m ( :om prov$ to be ei!r incompet5t or unfai?ful4 ,confront$ ) liabilities aggregat+ #a1bjj1jjj1 he 0 =c$ to make an assignm5t1 b 8 e/ate 0 suffici5t n only to pay (f e cr$itor1 b leave him a l>ge sum = a fre% />t 9 life4 ,x 0 :ile en]getically engag$ 9 retriev+ 8 =tune t he di$1 9 #ahgf4 ,^? survivors ( ,john ,t4 ,alex&]1 :o rememb] 8 activity z ,ill9ois' greate/ op]ator1 describe him z be+ tall & comm&+ 9 appe>ance4 ,ev5 at ! "t ( 8 dea?1 he 0 hale & y\?ful4 ,he 0 ( sangu9e temp]am5t1 naturally impulsive1 b quiet & non-assum+ 9 mann]1 sp>+ 9 spee*1 & und\bt$ly "o ( ! great ,am]ican capta9s ( indu/ry 9 8 "t1 an out/&+ figure 9 a trade t boa/s _m conspicu\s m54 ,! old ,alex&] mansion 9 ,morgan c\nty1 ! greate/ h\se 9 ! c\ntryside half a decade ago1 rema9s 9 a some:at dilapidat$ condition1 & ! decay+ out-build+s convey a m\rnful h9t ( vani%$ greatness4 ,"h1 dur+ ,alex&]'s "t1 ,abraham ,l9coln1 ,/eph5 ,a4 ,d\glas1 ,ri*>d ,yates1 & o!rs1 ^: illu/ri\s names adorn ,ill9ois hi/ory1 7 ! gue/s ( ,am]ica's greate/ cattleman4 ,jacob ,/rawn ,jacob ,/rawn came f ,ohio & settl$ 9 ,morgan c\nty 9 #ahbg1 & a few ye>s lat] 0 probably ! mo/ ext5sive cattle deal] 9 ! _w1 b 8 op]ations 71 to a l>ge ext5t1 local & 8 mo/ di/ant %ipp+ po9t1 ,sa9t ,l\is4 ,8 pa/ures 9 ,morgan c\nty embrac$ ab\t #ae1jjj acres & 8 bus9ess rea*$ its maximum ab\t #ahfj4 ,survivors ( t p]iod recall ,/rawn's free h&$ me?ods4 ,he pur*as$ cattle by ! ?\s&s1 fix+ ! price on m]e v]bal description z to quality & weight4 ,frequ5tly1 at deliv]y "t1 nobody 0 on h& to receive ! cattle1 b !y 7 driv5 into ! ,/rawn pa/ures & left ) confid5ce t paym5t w\ld be prompt4 ,bo? ,/rawn & 8 successor1 ,alex&]1 7 always ready to buy cattle1 9 fact !y 7 ! m>ket ( t p]iod4 ,/rawn 0 at ! height ( 8 c>e] :5 ,john ,t4 ,alex&] came on ! sc5e4 ,/rawn produc$ beef z a fe$] & grazi]2 ,alex&] contract$ cattle to be deliv]$ 9 ! future4#ag ,mr4 ,t4 ,c4 ,/]rett relates t 9 ! summ] ( #ahef he came to ,ill9ois & 0 in=m$ t ! l>ge/ cattle deal] 9 ! /ate 0 ,jacob ,/rawn1 liv+ ne> ,jacksonville1 9 ,morgan c\nty4 ,he visit$ ,/rawn's place & f\nd a rem>kably l>ge brick h\se & 0 a/oni%$ at ! am\nt ( brick pav+ ab\t ! h\se4 ,mr4 ,/rawn liv$ on a good f>m at ,orleans ,/ation1 ea/ ( ,jacksonville4 ,he own$ a lot ( good horses & ,%or?orn cattle4 ,pilot$ by ! =eman1 ,mr4 ,/]rett w5t out into a #a1bjj acre pa/ure :i* 0 f5c$ ) rails & /ock$ ) a f9e lot ( cattle4 ,he 0 v mu* /ruck ) a hundr$ head ( ! f9e/ g5]al "w horses t c\ld be f\nd any:]e4 ,?is b& ( horses & cattle1 ! good f5ces1 & ! g5]al appe>ance ( ev]y?+ ab\t ! place1 indicat$ ! p[] & ability ( ! own]4 ,mr4 ,/rawn 0 by f> ! greate/ ,am]ican cattleman ( 8 "t4#ah ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,h>ris#ai ,decemb] #ae1 #ahaa--,may #g1 #aije ,illu/ration3 ,b4 ,f4 ,,h>ris at #ee ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,h>ris 0 born ,decemb] #ae1 #ahaa1 on a f>m 9 ! ,%5&oah ,valley1 ne> ,w9*e/] & ,h>p]'s ,f]ry1 9 ,fr$]ick c\nty1 ,virg9ia4 ,he 0 ! second ( t5 *ildr5 ( ,william ,hickman ,h>ris & ,elizabe? ,payne 7own c\s9 ( ,dolly ,payne ,madison f ,engl&74 ,8 gr&fa!r1 ,b5jam9 ,h>ris1 ) two bro!rs1 came f ,engl& & settl$ on ! ea/]n %ore ( ,m>yl& 9 #agbf4 ,! family 7 ( ,scot*-,engli% extraction & ,quak]s2 9 ?is c\ntry becom+ fight+ ,quak]s1 !n ,me?odi/s4 ,he grew to manhood on 8 fa!r's ,virg9ia f>m1 att5d+ ! c\ntry s*ools until sixte5 ye>s ( age4 ,at t "t1 ,presid5t ,jackson's attitude t[>d ! ,unit$ ,/ates bank s s]i\sly affect$ values t :eat decl9$ f #a4ej to #ej c5ts & ,virg9ia f>m l& to less ?an "o-?ird ( its =m] price4 ,^! decl9es s affect$ ! fa!r's obligations t ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,h>ris & 8 bro!rs1 ea* ) a six horse team--9 ^? days )\t railroads--w5t into ! wagon+ or freight+ bus9ess1 & = ?ree ye>s wagon$ freight ov] t section & out ?r\gh ,p5nsylvania & z f> we/ z ,zanesville1 ,ohio1 9 ord] to rec\pe ! fa!r's losses4 ,on ,m>* #bj1 #ahcc1 ! ,virg9ia f>m _h be5 sold at #dj ( its orig9al co/1 & 9 a "o-horse gig & a two-horse c>ryall1 ! ,h>ris family set out = ,ohio1 arriv+ at ,spr+field on ,april #h1 & ne>by1 pur*as$ & settl$ ^u _! new f>m4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is ye> t ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,h>ris comm5c$ bus9ess = himself1 buy+ & driv+ cattle ov]l& to ,lanca/]1 ,p5nsylvania1 & !re dispos+ ( !m to cattle fe$]s4 ,9 #ahcd1 he />t$ = ,ill9ois via ,danville1 !n ?r\gh ! pres5t site ( ,sidney1 & ,urbana--:]e !re 0 b "o cab9--& on to :at is n[ ,monticello 9 ,piatt c\nty4 ,dur+ ! ensu+ ye>s1 he began to accumulate f>m+ l&s 9 ,piatt & ,*ampaign c\nties & to buy cattle ?r\gh\t all ?is section z f> s\? & we/ z ,mt4 ,v]non1 ,v&alia1 & ,spr+field4 ,dur+ sev]al seasons1 he b\ght = ! purpose ( fe$+ cattle1 all ! corn = sale 9 ,macon1 ,sangamon1 & ,*ampaign c\nties4 ,ea* ye>1 = n9e ye>s1 he drove ^! cattle ov]l& via ,muncie1 ,indiana2 ,spr+field1 & ,columbus1 ,ohio1 into ,p5nsylvania1 & "s into ,new ,york & ,bo/on1 :]e !y 7 sold4 ,:5 ,b4 ,f4 ,h>ris came into ?is /ate1 no /reams 7 bridg$1 & !re 7 only elev5 families on ! ,sangamon riv] f its s\rce to ! limits ( ,piatt c\nty4 ,fifte5 ye>s lat] n a half doz5 m5 _h v5tur$ _! cab9s a mile f ! timb] limits--! de] & ! ,indians 7 /ill at home "h4 ,9 #ahdj1 he visit$ ,*icago1 a t[n ( #bjjj p1 on /ilts 9 a swamp4 ,n9ete5 days 7 requir$ = ! trip & ! corn & :eat he team$ !re sold = #bj & #cj c5ts respectively4 ,fifte5 ye>s aft] he came1 n #be ( ! l& 9 ^! c\nties _h pass$ f gov]nm5t own]%ip & ! fir/ railroad came tw5ty ye>s lat]4 ,! op]ations ( ,b4 ,f4 ,h>ris 9 connection ) ! e>ly beef cattle indu/ry ( ,ill9ois 7 conduct$ m l>gely along ! fe$+ l9es ?an 7 ^? ( ,john ,t4 ,alex&] or ,jacob ,/rawn4 ,he b\ght1 f$1 & sold1 f #ejj to #bjjj head ( cattle annually = ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury4 ,! ,pittsburgh ,live ,/ock ,j\rnal1 ,may #h1 #aije1 9 speak+ ( 8 dea?1 ref]r$ to him z ,! gr& old man ( ! live /ock trade--! olde/ & mo/ successful cattle fe$] 9 ! _w4 ,ev]y?+ to :i* he put 8 h& fl\ri%$4 ,8 judgm5t 0 s tru/wor?y t he made b few bus9ess mi/akes4 ,he did bus9ess on a ca% basis & 0 nev] 9 debt4 ,op]at+ on ?is basis1 he 0 a ri* man long be=e 8 race 0 run1 & he enjoy$ a p]iod ( ease & entire fre$om f anxiety mu* long] ?an falls to ! lot ( mo/ m5 :o are c\nt$ =tunate 9 ! _w4 ,on ,may #bc1 #ahef1 8 fam\s h]d ( "o hundr$ cattle--! f9e/ & heavie/ cattle ev] rais$ & fatt5$ 9 "o lot by "o man--7 weigh$ on 8 f>m by ,dr4 ,johns ( ,decatur1 ! presid5t ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture4 ,! av]age weight ( ea* ( ! hundr$ head 0 #b1cgh p\nds4 ,visitors to ! numb] ( #ejj came f ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,k5tucky1 & ?is /ate to see ^! cattle1 ^: weight c nev] aga9 be equall$4 ,! foll[+ ye>1 ,febru>y #bb1 #aheg1 twelve ( ^! cattle :i* he _h reta9$ & f$ 7 %ipp$ to ,*icago4 ,?is rem>kable bun* av]ag$ #b1ghf p\nds4 ,clayborn & ,alley1 ! mo/ fam\s but*]s 9 ,*icago at t "t1 p>ad$ !m ab\t ,*icago's d[nt[n /reets4 ,foll[+ is a copy ( a pamphlet gott5 out by ,mr4 ,h>ris imm$iately aft] ! sale ( ^! cattle4 7see next page7 ,! ,new ,york ,tribune ( ,octob]1 #ahec1 ref]s to 8 prize w9n+ drove ( cattle av]ag+ #a1ife p\nds1 display$ at ! ,new ,york ,_w's ,fair !n 9 session4 ,e few ye>s1 he took cattle prizes or topp$ ! m>ket4 ,less ?an a ye> be=e 8 dea?1 8 #a1faf p\nd cattle topp$ ! ,*icago m>ket = t season4 ,mr4 ,h>ris di$ ,may #g1 #aije1 9 8 n9ety-f\r? ye>1 /ill 9 /rong m5tal & physical vigor1 al?\gh at ! age ( fifty-?ree1 he _h retir$ f extremely active bus9ess life4 ,he came 9 ! day ( ox teams & liv$ to ride ov] 8 f>m ) 8 son1 gr&sons1 & great gr&sons 9 an automobile4 ,he vot$ = n9ete5 presid5ts1 beg9n+ ) ,h5ry ,clay1 & saw five g5]ations ( 8 family settl$ 9 ,*ampaign c\nty4 ,he e/abli%$ ! ,fir/ ,national ,bank 9 ,*ampaign 9 #ahfe--! olde/ bank 9 ! c\nty1 & 0 its presid5t at ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,9 ! issue ( ,! ,bre$]'s ,gazette1 ,may #bd1 #aije1 is ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,9 lit]ature1 art1 pr(essional life1 or politics1 a man ) a record ( a*ievem5ts equal to t ( ! late ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 ,h>ris w\ld des]v$ly h num]\s biograph]s4 ,_m a man has be5 made ! subject ( bulky biography :o might n measure up to him on any score4 ,?is is n because ! mo/ invit+ & int]e/+ p]sonalities are f\nd outside ! f>m]'s call+1 b l>gely because until rec5t ye>s agriculture z a vocation has n be5 adequately appreciat$ by ! public4 ,x has n be5 suffici5tly dignifi$ to become ! s\rce ( life hi/ories4 ,o!r pr(essions h furni%$ ! c&idates = ! ,plut>*s1 & contribut$ ! h]oes & h]o9es fam\s 9 fiction4 ,f>m+ has be5 drawn on pr9cipally = ,phili/9es4 ,its great m51 its g5iuses1 its ,h>rises1 h be5 ov]look$ by almo/ all writ]s wor?y ( putt+ _! useful lives into books4 7,cont4 on page #dg47 ,record ( ! ,be/ ,hundr$ ,head ( ,cattle ,ev] ,fatt5$ 9 ,"o ,lot 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,,/ockm51 ,,att5tion ,:o ,c ,beat ,?is ,record8 ,weight ( #ajj head ( ,cattle1 fatt$ by ,b4 ,f4 ,h>ris1 ( ,*ampaign ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois3 ,no4 ,cattle ,weight #b #dgah #b #dghb #b #dcdj #b #dehj #b #dehb #b #dgcj #b #dgfd #b #dgch #b #dhhj #b #dgef #b #eaej #b #dfbd #b #dehb #b #ecfd #b #dhbh #b #ecgh #b #dhfd #b #dfdj #b #dfid #b #dfaj #b #dggf #b #ddhh #b #degb #b #dihh #b #dfcd #b #ddeh #b #dibj #b #dhbh #b #dgjb #b #dheb #b #ddfd #b #dijj #b #dfcd #b #dgfd #a #bfij #b #dfej #b #dhjf #b #deje #a #bedh #b #dhcj #b #dgfb #b #dgjf #b #dhed #b #dgdf #b #dgjj #b #dedf #a #beaf #b #dfdh #b #dgbd #b #dgbj #b #dgcb #a #bfdf ,av]age price sale1 #g c5ts ,^! cattle 7 weigh$ by ,dr4 ,johns1 ,presid5t ( ,/ate ,agricultural ,society4 ,twelve ( ! l>ge cattle out ( #ajj head1 weigh$ ,may #bc;d1 #ahef1 :i* 0 dur+ ! "t ( fatt5+3 ,black #bdbd ,r$ #bcdj ,pi$ #bfdj ,m4 ,r$ #bbfd ,*4 ,roan #bebb ,b4 ,r$ #begd ,s4 ,roan #bccj ,c4 ,r$ #bcdj ,s4 ,:ite #bcfj ,p4 ,r$ #bdhf ,long ,:ite #bdif ,m4 ,r$ #bedj ,same cattle weigh$ ,july #ah1 #ahef3 ,black #bebf ,r$ #bdhj ,pi$ #bgcj ,m4 ,r$ #bdbd ,*4 ,roan #bfed ,b4 ,r$ #bfdf ,s4 ,roan #bdgj ,c4 ,r$ #bdij ,s4 ,:ite #bdcj ,p4 ,r$ #bfcj ,l4 ,:ite #bfjj ,m4 ,r$ #befd ,same cattle weigh$ ,febru>y #ab?1 #aheg3 ,black #bgbj ,r$ #bghj ,pi$ #biij ,m4 ,r$ #bfdj ,*4 ,roan #bhaj ,b4 ,r$ #biaj ,s4 ,roan #bfhj ,c4 ,r$ #bggj ,s4 ,:ite #bfje ,p4 ,r$ #bhdj ,l4 ,:ite #bhaj ,m4 ,r$ #bhhj ,av]age1 #bghf lbs4 ,av]age age1 #d ye>s ,weigh$ by ,b4 ,f4 ,h>ris2 sold = #h c5ts p] lb4 ,l>ge/ /e] 9 ,ill9ois1 weight #cebd1 #g ye>s old1 rais$ by ,john ,ris+1 f$ by ,h4 ,h4 ,h>ris4 ,av]age weight ( ! #ajj head1 #bcgg lbs4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! =ego+ is a correct /atem5t ( a fam\s cattle sale :i* occurr$ 9 ! ,city ( ,*icago1 mon? ( ,m>*1 #ahef4 ,! h]d compris$ #ajj head ( ! f9e/ & heavie/ cattle ev] rais$ & fatt5$ 9 "o lot by "o man 9 ! ,/ate ( ,ill9ois1 or 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica1 or else:]e1 s f> z ! records g to %[4 ,^! cattle 7 rais$ f #a & #b-ye>-old /e]s on my f>m 9 ,*ampaign ,c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 & fatt5$ = ! m>ket 9 ! ye>s ( #ahee & '#ef1 _! av]age age1 at t "t1 be+ #d ye>s4 ,!y 7 weigh$ on my f>m by ,dr4 ,johns1 ( ,decatur1 ,ill9ois1 ,presid5t ,/ate ,agricultural ,society4 ,said weights 7 witness$ by a l>ge numb] ( repres5tative m5 f ,ohio1 ,indiana1 ,k5tucky & ,ill9ois1 to ! numb] ( five hundr$1 among :om 7 _m pr(essional cattle rais]s & deal]s1 all ( :om bore will+ te/imony to ! av]age weight ( ! cattle1 :i* 0 #b1cgg lbs4 p] head4 ,out ( ?is lot ( #ajj cattle1 #ab head ( ! f9e/ /e]s 7 select$ & f$ until ! foll[+ ,febru>y4 ,!y !n %[$ an av]age weight ( #b1ghf lbs41 & 7 sold to ,messrs4 ,cliborn & ,alby1 ( ,*icago1 at #h c5ts p] lb4 ,! weight ma/] kept a record ( ea* draft z ! cattle 7 weigh$--"o & two 9 a draft4 ,a copy ( said weights is h]e) atta*$ = ! inspection ( ! g5]al public2 also copy ( av]age ga9 at diff]5t p]iods4 ,on ! #bb;d ( ,febru>y1 #aheg1 ! #ab /e]s sold to ,cliborn & ,alby1 appropriately decorat$ ) tri-color$ ribbon1 prec$$ by a b& ( music1 7 l$ ?r\gh ! pr9cipal /reets ( ,*icago1 foll[$ by #ajj but*]s1 m\nt$ & uni=m$4 ,aft] ?is unique procession1 ! cattle 7 slaught]$ by said ,cliborn1 & ,alby1 = ! city m>kets1 "s ( ! beef sell+ z high z #ej c5ts p] lb4 ,small packages ( x 7 s5t to cu/om]s 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ev5 ,europe1 & sold1 9 "s cases1 z high z #a4jj p] lb4 ,^! ord]s 7 giv5 by ^! p>ties simply t !y might say !y _h eat5 ( ?is fam\s premium beef4 ,b4 ,f4 ,h>ris4 ,tom ,c&y ,pont+4 ,augu/ #bf1 #ahbd- ,tom ,c&y ,pont+ 0 born at ,heyd5 f>m1 ,p>i% ( ,kilsm]$o1 ne> ,ba?1 ,som]set%ire1 ,engl&1 ,augu/ #bf1 #ahbd4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,john ,pont+ & ,ru? ,%]ron ,pont+4 ,! ,pont+s came into ,engl& ) ,william ! ,conqu]or1 s 7 desc5dants ( ,norm&y4 ,! ,pont+ family 7 bre$]s ( cattle & ,tom ,pont+ has foll[$ cattle bre$+ all ( 8 life1 bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,tom ,c&y ,pont+ came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #ahdg1 l&+ 9 ,new ,york ,city1 & f9ally mak+ 8 way to ,etna1 ,ohio4 ,"h he 0 employ$ by a ,mr4 ,mat!ws1 to sell mutton f a wagon 9 ! m>ket h\se 9 ,columbus1 :]e !y att5d$ twice a week4 ,mutton sold = #ae c5ts to #be c5ts p] qu>t] 9 ^? days1 :ile beef sold = #b c5ts to #c c5ts p] p\nd4 ,aft] a %ort "t1 ,mr4 ,pont+ quit 8 job sell+ mutton1 w5t to ,columbus1 b\ght a horse & saddle1 & w5t into ! c\ntry to buy cattle4 ,! fir/ cattle t he ev] b\ght 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 eight head :i* he pur*as$ f a ,mr4 ,bi%op eight miles nor!a/ ( ,columbus1 ,ohio4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahdh1 ,mr4 ,pont+1 9 company ) a ,mr4 ,vick]y1 ano!r ,engli%man1 visit$ ,rac9e1 ,janesville1 ,wat]t[n1 ,madison1 & ,milwaukee1 ,wiscons91 look+ = a location to />t a but*] %op4 ,al?\gh !re 0 pl5ty ( ne$ = but*] %ops at ^! places1 !y did n locate because cattle 7 s sc>ce 9 ! c\ntry4 ,f ,milwaukee1 ,mr4 ,pont+ came to ,*icago to /udy ! situations !re4 ,he f\nd no regul> m>kets & only two places :]e !y sold /ock4 ,:ile 9 ,*icago1 he met a ,mr4 ,bradley1 :o _h driv5 "s cattle f ,mc,lean c\nty1 ne> ,l]oy4 ,mr4 ,bradley _h sold all ( 8 cattle except =ty c[s ) calves4 ,he sold ^! to ,mr4 ,pont+1 :o drove !m to ,wiscons9 & sold !m to immigrants1 a few at a "t4 ,he sold !m = #ae to #be p] head & /ill made money4 ,he return$ to ,*icago & aga9 met ,mr4 ,bradley1 :o _h br\ght a boat load ( sides ( bacon up f ,peoria4 ,he _h pur*as$ ?is bacon f ! f>m]s1 haul$ x to ,peoria1 & %ipp$ x up ! ,ill9ois riv] to ,*icago1 :]e he sold x to groc]y /ores4 ,?is 0 ! only means to dispose ( ! bacon put up by ! f>m]s1 z !re 0 no hog pack+ done 9 ,*icago at t "t4 ,mr4 ,bradley want$ ,mr4 ,pont+ to g ) him to ,mc,lean c\nty1 b z ,ill9ois 0 kn[n 9 ^? days z a v sickly /ate1 ,mr4 ,pont+ 0 afraid to v5ture4 ,:ile 9 ,*icago at ?is "t1 he met a ,mr4 ,lewis & ,mr4 ,heywor? :o _h come up f ,v]milion c\nty ) a drove ( cattle4 ,mr4 ,heywor? 0 tak5 sick "h & ,mr4 ,pont+ 0 employ$ to assi/ ,mr4 ,lewis 9 tak+ ! cattle on to ,milwaukee4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahdi1 ,mr4 ,pont+ w5t to ,georget[n1 ,ill9ois1 & !re pur*as$ ab\t #cjj head ( cattle4 ,he also b\ght a camp+ outfit1 a yoke ( ox51 employ$ a cook1 & drove ?r\gh ) ! cattle to ,wiscons94 ,! cattle t got fat on ! way 7 sold to ! but*]s1 :ile ^? t 7 fit = milk c[s 7 sold to ! immigrants4 ,dur+ ?is same spr+1 :5 ,mr4 ,pont+ 0 9 ,v]milion c\nty1 he visit$ ,mr4 ,lewis at ,crabapple ,grove1 :i* is on ! l9e ( ,v]milion & ,edg> c\nties4 ,?is man & "o ( 8 neighbors _h b\ght a drove ( geese1 drove !m to ,i[a1 & trad$ !m = /e]s4 ,!y drove ! /e]s back to ,v]milion c\nty1 fatt5$ !m1 & ! next spr+ built flat boats & %ipp$ !m to ,new ,orleans4 ,9 ! fall ( ?is same ye>1 he made sev]al trips ov] ! l9e into ,ill9ois1 9 ,/ev5son c\nty1 buy+ fat %eep to drive to ,milwaukee4 ,!re 7 no regul> banks 9 ,milwaukee1 !re=e all ! money t 0 paid = /ock 0 ,mexican doll>s & five franc pieces4 ,v little ,am]ican silv] money 0 se5 at t "t4 ,! hotel rates 9 ,milwaukee 7 v *eap2 only #b4jj p] week1 ) bitt]s be=e breakfa/1 free4 ,:iskey sold = #ae c5ts a gallon & 0 us$ lib]ally by /ock driv]s4 ,9 ,m>*1 #ahej1 ,mr4 ,pont+ rode on horseback f ,milwaukee to ,l]oy1 9 ,mc,lean c\nty1 :]e he met ) "s m5 :o 7 buy+ cattle to take back to ,cali=nia4 ,he w5t f "h to ,*ri/ian c\nty1 :]e he b\ght a drove ( cattle :i* co/ him f #f to #aa p] head4 ,9 ! spr+1 he drove !m to ,milwaukee4 ,!re _h be5 v heavy ra9s t spr+ & riv]s 7 v high1 :i* made cattle driv+ v difficult4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahea1 he pur*as$ ab\t #cej head ( cattle1 buy+ f ,ro*e/]1 ne> ,spr+field1 to ! ,waba% riv]4 ,aft] ga!r+ ! cattle toge!r1 he p9n$ !m up ne> ! pres5t site ( ,m[eaqua4 ,he b\ght ^! cattle v *eap & drove ! entire h]d to ,milwaukee1 :]e !y 7 h]d$ on ! prairies ne> t[n until sold4 ,he took a few 9 ea* week & sold !m to ! but*]s4 ,aft] f9i%+ ! season's "w1 he return$ to ,indiana to sp5d ! w9t]4 ,9 ! summ] ( #aheb1 ! cattle bus9ess 9 ,wiscons9 0 dull4 ,money matt]s 7 v mu* *ang$2 gold began to come 9 f ,cali=nia1 & get into circulation4 ,mr4 ,pont+ & 8 p>tn] decid$ to g to ,texas & buy _! fe$] cattle4 ,!y rode ?r\gh to ,hopk9s c\nty1 ,texas4 ,"h !y visit$ a ,mr4 ,h>t1 "o ( ! l>ge cattle m5 9 t c\ntry4 ,!y b\ght sev]al hundr$ cattle & drove !m back to ,ill9ois1 rea*+ ,m[eaqua 9 ,july ( ! next ye>4 ,he put ^! ,texas cattle on pa/ure until w9t]1 :5 !y 7 f$ out on %ock$ corn4 ,mr4 ,pont+'s p>tn] w5t to ,indiana & b\ght sev]al hundr$ hogs to foll[ ^! cattle4 ,!y b\ght %ock$ corn1 pay+ ab\t #ej c5ts a bu%el = x4 ,!y w\ld g into a piece ( corn aft] x 0 dry en\gh & select two ( ! smalle/ %ocks !y c\ld f9d4 ,! own] w\ld select two ( ! l>ge/ ones4 ,^! 7 %ock$ out & weigh$1 ! av]age be+ tak5 z an av]age size %ock4 ,he b\ght ab\t #dj acres f ,mr4 ,d5nison ,s&]s ?is way4 ,! %ock$ corn 0 f$ to ! cattle 9 ! same place ea* day1 s t :5 x ra9$1 ! accumulation ( /alks w\ld keep ! /e]s out ( ! mud4 ,he drove ?is bun* ( cattle to ,new ,york ! next summ]1 :]e !y 7 sold ,july #d1 #ahed4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahee1 ,mr4 ,pont+ pur*as$ a l>ge drove ( cattle1 :i* toge!r ) "s he _h b\ght a few mon?s be=e1 7 driv5 ?r\gh to ,*icago4 ,ill9ois 0 pretty well settl$ by ?is "t1 & x 0 unnecess>y to take a camp+ outfit along4 ,he /opp$ ?is drove ( cattle ne> ,pullman1 put !m out on ! grass & took only a few into ,*icago at a "t4 ,!re _h be5 a great *ange made 9 ! ,*icago m>ket s9ce ,mr4 ,pont+ 0 !re two ye>s be=e4 ,!re 7 two regul> /ock y>ds2 ! ,m]rick ,y>ds1 n[ kn[n z ! ,%]man ,y>ds1 & ! ,bull%$ ,y>ds4 ,9 ! fall ( ?is ye>1 he b\ght ano!r bun* ( cattle & drove !m to ,*icago 9 ,octob]4 ,?is "t he /opp$ ! cattle ne> ! pres5t site ( ,kankakee1 & rode on into ,*icago to le>n ! prospects = a m>ket4 ,!y 7 !n tak5 on to ,*icago & left j outside ! city to graze until !y c\ld be sold to ! cattle deal]s4 ,?is 0 ! la/ bun* ( cattle ,mr4 ,pont+ ev] drove ov] l& to ,*icago1 & x is probable t !y 7 ! la/ bun* ev] driv5 f c5tral ,ill9ois4 ,f ?is "t on1 ! cattle 7 s5t to m>ket by railroad4 ,! next ye>1 #ahef1 he %ipp$ #aaj head ( cattle f ,m[eaqua1 ! fir/ cattle ev] %ipp$ f t place4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( #aheg1 ! cattle bus9ess 0 v fl\ri%+ & ! pack]s said !re w\ld be a big dem& = !m t fall4 ,mr4 ,pont+ contract$ = #ajjj head ( cattle & ab\t #aejj hogs be=e ! season 0 ov]1 b be=e he got !m on ! m>ket1 a panic came on1 money became almo/ wor?less1 & he suff]$ a heavy loss4 ,9 #ahff1 ,mr4 ,pont+ w5t to ,abil5e1 ,kansas1 to buy "s fe$]s4 ,he pur*as$ ab\t #gjj1 sold !m ! next spr+1 mak+ a good pr(it4 ,he repeat$ ! ,kansas pur*ase ! next ye> ) l success4 ,9 #ahfh1 he took ! cattle he _h b\ght 9 ,kansas to ,albany4 ,!y numb]$ ar\nd #hjj4 ,9 #ahgj1 he w5t back d[n into ,texas & b\ght cattle z he _h done 9 #aheb4 ,he f\nd a h]d ( ab\t #bejj1 out ( :i* he b\ght all ( ! two & ?ree ye> olds4 ,^! numb]$ ab\t #hej1 = :i* he paid #af p] head4 ,!re _h be5 a new railroad1 j f9i%$1 f ,/4 ,l\is ?r\gh ,miss\ri1 close to ! ,indian ,t]ritory l9e to a place call$ ,pi]ce ,city4 ,! railroad (fic]s _h "s ag5ts try+ to get a contract to c>ry ^! cattle1 toge!r ) "s o!r cattle belong+ to ,hall bro!rs1 ov] ! new road4 ,!y bill$ ! c>s1 numb]+ #hj 9 all1 ) a contract to refund #ej p] c>4 ,!y did ?is to get ! contract :i* made a big %[+ be=e "s ,new ,york magnates1 :o 7 !re at ! "t try+ to buy /ock 9 ! new railroad4 ,9 #ahgf1 ,mr4 ,pont+ visit$ a ,%or?orn sale at ,spr+field & b\ght sev]al head ( cattle ) :i* he />t$ a ,%or?orn h]d4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahhj1 he att5d$ ano!r ,%or?orn sale at ,*icago1 :]e he b\ght a few m ,%or?orns to add to 8 h]d4 ,until 8 fir/ pur*ase ( ,%or?orns1 ,mr4 ,pont+'s op]ations _h be5 entirely along ! l9e ( buy+ & fe$+ & al?\gh he did a small pure br$ bus9ess f ?is "t on1 he cont9u$ 8 fe$+ op]ations z he _h done 9 previ\s ye>s1 al?\gh probably n on z l>ge a scale4 ,mr4 ,pont+ _h n be5 9 ! ,%or?orn bus9ess v long until he became int]e/$ 9 ,h]e=ds4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahhj1 he visit$ ! fair at ,/4 ,l\is1 :]e he pur*as$ f\r ,h]e=ds4 ,9 ! spr+ ( ! next ye>1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,so?am ( ,guelph1 ,canada1 b\ght f\r m ,h]e=ds = him4 ,9 ! fall ( #ahhb1 he sold out all ( 8 ,%or?orns1 !reby sev]+ 8 relations ) ?is bre$4 ,9 #ahhf1 ,mr4 ,pont+ made a contract ) ! ,wyom+ ,h]e=d ,association to sell !m #bgj head ( ,h]e=d cattle1 to be deliv]$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahhg4 ,! firm paid = a "p ( !m & ,mr4 ,pont+ took a note = a few m4 ,ab\t #fj 7 left on 8 h&s & _h to be sold = beef4 ,z a result1 he lo/ ab\t #hjj on ! deal1 :i* kill$ all ( 8 pr(its4 ,mr4 ,pont+ cont9u$ 9 ! ,h]e=d bus9ess until #aijc1 :5 he decid$ to retire f actual bus9ess4 ,9 ! summ]1 a g5tleman came f ,i[a & b\ght 8 entire ,h]e=d cattle trade4 ,he _h at ?is "t ab\t #cgjj acres ( l&1 #aejj acres ( :i* 7 9 ,*ri/ian c\nty4 ,he decid$ to divide 8 prop]ty among 8 *ildr51 keep+ a suffici5t am\nt to support ,mrs4 ,pont+ & himself4 ,he b\ght a home 9 ,m[eaqua1 :]e he & ,mrs4 ,pont+ h liv$ happily ev] s9ce4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,pont+ came to ,*icago 9 #ahdh1 !re 0 only "o cattle m>ket we/ ( ! ,allegh5y m\nta9s1 & t 0 at ,/4 ,l\is4 ,at t "t1 !re 7 a good _m cattle sold = ! ,new ,orleans m>ket dur+ ! spr+ & w9t]1 b ! pr9cipal m>kets 7 ,new ,york1 ,bo/on1 ,baltimore1 & ,philadelphia ,x took n9ety days to make ! trip to ,new ,york ) cattle & ! drov]s _h to wait until ! roads settl$ 9 ! spr+ be=e !y />t$4 ,at ,=t ,wor?1 ,texas1 !re 0 no?+ b a l>ge =t & =ce ( ,unit$ ,/ates soldi]s to subdue ! ,indians ar\nd !re4 ,! pres5t six big we/]n m>kets h all be5 />t$ s9ce t "t4 ,:ile ! magnitude ( ,mr4 ,pont+'s op]ations 0 n z great z t ( ,john ,t4 ,alex&]1 & al?\gh he probably nev] accumulat$ z mu* weal? z ,b5jam9 ,f4 ,h>ris1 he 0 successful & 8 op]ations ext5d$ ov] a great] p]iod ( "t ?an any "o ( ! e>ly pione] cattlem5 ( ! /ate ( ,ill9ois4 ,he op]at$ ?r\gh\t two ( ! /ages ( cattle fe$+ & has liv$ to see ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird4#bj ,,footnotes3 #ae ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry ,report ( #ahhe-hf4 #af ,! ,bre$]'s ,gazette1 ,july #af1 #aiac4 ,8 son1 ,john ,t4 ,alex&]1 ( ,alex&]1 ,w>d ,co41 commission m5 ( ,*icago1 has be5 prom95t 9 ! cattle int]e/s dur+ ! la/ #dj ye>s4 #ag ,! ,bre$]'s ,gazette1 ,july #af1 #aiac4 #ah ,! ,bre$]'s ,gazette4 ,aug4 #f1 #aiac4 #ai ,?is in=mation 0 giv5 by 8 gr&son1 ,mr4 ,b4 ,f4 ,h>ris4 #bj ,/ory ( ,tom ,pont+'s ,life4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,range ,,indu/ry ,9 ! ante-bellum p]iod1 c5tral ,ill9ois 0 a va/ blue grass pa/ure4 ,! p 7 bre$+ _m cattle1 b n en\gh to supply ! /eady increas+ dem& = /ock]s & fe$]s4 ,cattle fe$]s made good ! defici5cy 9 ! local production by heavy drafts on ,miss\ri1 ,kansas1 ,texas1 & o!r sections ( ! trans-,mississippi region4 ,! subsequ5t reign ( ,k+ ,corn 0 !n b>ely 9 ! incubat+ /age4 ,grass 0 ! beef mak]'s pr9cipal reliance4 ,n until well along 9 ! sixties did ! cultivation ( corn beg9 on an ext5sive scale & corn-f$ /e]s become conspicu\s on ! m>kets4 ,aft] ! graz+ p]iod1 corn spe$ily took possession ( ! :ole ( c5tral ,ill9ois1 until n[ less ?an #ae p] c5t rema9s 9 pa/ures1 :]eas 9 ! days ( ! b>ons an exactly rev]se condition exi/$4 ,at t "t1 fully #he p] c5t ( su* c\nties z ,sangamon1 ,morgan1 & ,logan1 7 9 grass4 ,! cattle t 7 secur$ f ,miss\ri1 ,i[a1 & ,kansas1 7 pur*as$ dur+ ! fall mon?s4 ,by ! e>ly "p ( w9t]1 c5tral ,ill9ois pa/ures w\ld be fully /ock$ ) ?ree & f\r ye> old bullocks1 :i* 7 all[$ to graze all ?r\gh ! w9t] & ! foll[+ spr+ & summ]4 ,ab\t ?ree acres ( ! ri* blue grass 0 all[$ to a /e] & on ?is !y fatt5$ rapidly4 ,!re are m5 n[ liv+ 9 ,miss\ri & ,ill9ois :o drove cattle f t va/ bre$+ gr\nd we/ ( ! ,mississippi riv]1 into c5tral ,ill9ois1 = ! cattle k+s1 ,jacob ,/rawn & ,john ,t4 ,alex&]4 ,^! h]ds1 numb]+ ab\t #cjj to #djj head1 graz$ leisurely across ! op5 c\ntry at ab\t #ae miles or s a day4 ,dur+ ! w>1 ! trade 0 m or less int]rupt$1 b ! practice 0 cont9u$ until settlem5t & railroads r5d]$ trail+ bo? unnecess>y & impossible4 ,! annexation ( ,texas to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & ! discov]y ( gold 9 ,cali=nia 9 #ahdi1 result$ 9 an influx ( population & capital t soon ex]t$ a /imulat+ effect ^u ! production ( cattle ?r\gh\t ! s\?we/1 z well z beyond ! ,si]ra ,nevada ,m\nta9s 9 ! we/4 ,at a comp>atively e>ly date1 !re 0 a ready m>ket = ,ill9ois br$ cattle to g to ! /ates we/ ( ! ,mississippi riv] to be us$ = bre$+ /ock4 ,! developm5t ( ! range cattle indu/ry creat$ a /rong dem& = pure br$ bulls1 & cattle bre$]s ( ,ill9ois 7 call$ ^u1 p]haps to a great] ext5t ?an ^? ( any o!r /ate 9 ! ,union1 to supply ?is dem&4 ,! range cattle bus9ess also creat$ a m>ket = "y c[s & heif]s to be us$ = bre$+ purposes4 ,?is dem& /eadily increas$ f ye> to ye>1 until a v l>ge "p ( ! ye>ly product ( pure br$ cattle 9 ,ill9ois 0 absorb$ = t purpose4#ba ,9 #ahhj1 ! range cattle trade 0 yet 9 a transition /age1 especially z to ! de/9ation ( m>ketable cattle & ! special use to :i* !y 7 put4 ,be=e ?is "t1 ! bulk ( ! range cattle trade 0 divid$ betwe5 ! com+ e/abli%m5ts ( ! we/1 slaught] = home consumption1 = exportation z dress$ c>casses to ! ea/]n m>kets1 & %ipp+ on ! ho( to ea/]n /ates z fe$]s4 ,l>ge fe$+ /ables _h be5 e/abli%$ 9 ,nebraska = ! purpose ( fe$+ out ^! l>ge numb]s ( rang]s1 b !y c\ld n utilize all ( !m4 ,! ov]fl[ ( ^! grass fat rang]s f\nd _! way to ea/]n fe$ lots to be f9i%$ on ! gra9 ( ! corn belt4 ,! numb]s increas$ f ye> to ye>1 & ext5d$ f>!r & fa!r ea/ z ! numb]s increas$4 ,! fact t "o ( ! l>ge fe$+ plants ( ,nebraska c\ld turn (f z _m z #bjjj ripe range /e]s 9 "o mon?1 gives "s indication ( ! imm5se capacity ( ! range cattle trade4 ,z ! ,indians 7 conf9$ m closely f ye> to ye>1 !re 7 m graz+ l&s op5$ up to be devot$ to ! rais+ ( ^! range cattle4 ,mo/ p at ?is "t1 see+ ! rapid increase ( ! range indu/ry1 ?\ght !re w\ld nev] be a beef fam9e z ! economi/s ( ! "t pr$ict$4 ,!y said su* economi/s always look on ! d>k side ( ?+s4#bb ,n _m _h any adequate conception ( ! va/ness ( ! cattle int]e/ 9 ! great pa/ure region ly+ on ! ea/]n slope ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9s dur+ ! sev5ties & eighties4 ,x 0 wor? q a j\rney to see a s+le ?\s& head ( ^! cattle engag$ 9 fe$+ toge!r4 ,to witness a drove ( #djjj mov+ leisurely along at a conv5i5t di/ance f ea* o!r1 to all[ ! animals to graze z !y travel$ a mile or s an h\r1 w\ld seem to an unaccu/om$ eye z if ! h]d mu/ consi/ ( t5s ( ?\s&s4 ,! appe>ance ( su* a drove z ?is might be recall$ by a s+le transaction made by ,d5nis ,%e$y ( ,colorado1 :o sold #bgjjj head ( cattle to ! ,ogalla ,cattle ,company4 ,?is company 0 compos$ ( ,a4 ,h4 ,swan1 ( ,*ey5ne1 ,wyom+1 ,william ,paxton1 ( ,omaha1 ,nebraska1 & ,j4 ,h4 ,bosl] ( ,c>lisle1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! cattle 7 put on a range on ! nor? side ( ! nor? ,platte ,run 9 ,nebraska & ,wyom+4 ,! lump+ price 0 #cj p] head1 am\nt+ to #haj1jjj = ! entire lot4#bc ,texas ,cattle ,x w be no dep>ture f ! /ricte/ tru? to say t ! olde/ kn[n race ( cattle on ?is cont95t is ! ,texas or ,spani% cattle4 ,!y h be5 v g5]ally popul> ) ! /ockm5 ( ! pla9s1 because !y turn$ ! free grass ( ! pla9s into available ca% = _! own]s4 ,! ,texas cattle are truly ! only animals except ! bison t des]ve ! "n ( ,native ,am]ican cattle4 ,all ! o!r scrubs 9 ! c\ntry are =eign]s by blood1 or are desc5dants ( intrud]s f o!r l&s4 ,^! long legg$1 big head$1 ?9 fle%$ brutes 7 9 ?is c\ntry c5turies ago4 ,x is by no means c]ta9 t _! ance/ors did n roam ! pla9s ( ! ,brazos & ! ,rio ,gr&e a ?\s& ye>s or m be=e ,am]ica 0 visit$ by ! ,spani>ds4 ,!re is evid5ce t ! real ance/ors ( ! cattle ( ,texas 7 se5 9 ,old ,mexico & describ$ ab\t five hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,*ri/ian era1 b ?is evid5ce has be5 consid]$ unwor?y ( full confid5ce1 because to admit its tru? w\ld be to confess t ! honor ( fir/ discov]+ ,am]ica belongs to ! b>b>ians f ! ,ori5t4 ,9 ! c>efully edit$ (ficial records1 kn[n z ! ,*9ese ,ye> ,book1 :i* 0 writt5 "s f\rte5 hundr$ ye>s ago1 a circum/antial acc\nt ( a visit to ,mexico by a p>ty ( ,buddhi/ ,prie/s is giv54 ,^! prie/s saw 9 ! c\ntry two bre$s ( cattle4 ,"o ( ^! bre$s 0 describ$ z hav+ v l>ge horns :i* w\ld hold t5 measures4 ,^! 7 probably ! e>lie/ ance/ors ( ! pres5t race ( ,texas cattle1 :ile ! o!r bre$ ) %ort] horns 01 x is likely1 ! ance/ors ( ! bison t lat] roam$ ov] ! ranges ( ! we/]n pla9s4 ,^? anci5t travel]s 7 too well accu/om$ to see+ cattle & horses 9 _! own c\ntry to be 9 ev5 ! slighte/ degree likely to mi/ake any o!r animal = k9e4 ,! g5]ally accept$ belief1 h[ev]1 is t ! ,texas cattle are desc5dants ( cattle br\ght to ,am]ica by ! ,spani% invad]s1 al?\gh no def9ite pro( seems to h be5 br\ght =w>d to %[ t ^? roi/]+1 plund]+ explor]s ev] import$ any cattle to ?is cont95t1 & turn$ !m loose 9 su* numb]s z w\ld h produc$ ! va/ horde t cov]$ ! ,s\?we/]n pla9s be=e ! ,civil ,w>4 ,to we/]n p1 especially 9 ^? p>ts :]e ,spani% or ,texas fev] has caus$ ! de/ruction ( /ock1 ,texas cattle are s well kn[n t a description ( _! peculi>ities w appe> unnecess>y4 ,!re are _m :o d n "k t ! *ief purpose ( ! ,texas bullock1 pure & simple1 seems to be ! lugg+ ab\t ( a prodigi\s pair ( horns4 ,to ?is end1 a big head & co>se %\ld]s h be5 giv5 him4 ,beh9d ^! are a flat ribb$1 ?9 *e/$1 light body1 held up at ! h9d] end by a pair ( cat hams on ?91 de]-l legs4 ,! :ole outfit1 unburd5$ by fle% or fat1 is muscul>1 n]v\s1 & active4 ,su* ( !m z liv$ ?r\gh alt]nate roa/+1 />v+1 & freez+ dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( _! lives1 f\nd _! way to ! nor!rn m>kets to be fatt5$ & slaught]$4 ,^! rang]s fatt5$ v readily 9 ! nor!rn fe$ lots & ^? t 7 n too old & t\gh made v good beef4 ,?\s&s ( !m 7 driv5 f ,texas 9 ! e>ly =ties & fifties to ,ill9ois fe$ lots1 :]e !y 7 fatt5$ & !n re-driv5 to ! m>kets on ! seabo>d4 ,9 lat] ye>s1 !y 7 slaught]$ 9 ,ill9ois & %ipp$ 9 refrig]ator c>s1 9 ! =m ( dress$ c>casses1 to ! ,atlantic ,/ates4 ,*oice p>ts1 z /eaks1 roa/s1 & t5d]lo9s1 7 s5t to heal? resorts1 wat]+ places1 & to hotels & re/aurants4 ,a va/ quantity ( _! fle% f\nd its way into t9 cans1 to fe$ hungry humanity1 9 ! hut ( ! labor]1 at ! picnic ( ! ari/ocrat1 9 ! camp ( ! m9]1 & 9 ! =eca/le ( ! sailor 9 e corn] ( ! _w4 ,x w be se5 t ! mission ( ! ,texas /e] 0 to raise ! /&>d ( liv+1 to add to ! com=t1 & pres]ve ! heal? & /r5g? ( p ! _w ov]4#bd ,,footnotes3 #ba ,! ,bre$]'s ,gazette1 ,july #af1 #aiac4 #bb ,f>m ,field & ,/ockm54 #bc ,! ,prairie ,f>m]1 ,july #ah1 #ahhe1 p4 #dec4 #bd ,! ,prairie ,f>m]1 #ahhe1 p4 #deb4 ,v4 ,,! ,,pure ,,br$ ,,indu/ry ,! beg9n+ ( ! pure br$ cattle indu/ry 9 ! /ate ( ,ill9ois 0 ant$at$ by ! introduction ( ! mongrel br$ cattle by a v n>r[ m>g9 ( "t4 ,:ile !re 7 probably a few mongrel br$ cattle 9 ! /ate be=e #ahcj1 ^? t 7 br\ght 9 aft] t date 7 ! real f\ndation cattle4 ,^! cattle 7 br\ght f ! ea/]n /ates1 by ! e>ly pione]s1 = milk c[s1 & x is _! desc5dants :i* are ref]r$ to :5 ! native cattle ( ! /ate are spok5 (4 ,! *anges :i* h be5 made f ! mongrel br$ cattle t 7 br\ght into ! /ate by ! e>ly settl]s to ! pres5t day improv$ bre$s h be5 m>k$4 ,= almo/ a c5tury1 att5tion has be5 giv5 to ! bre$+ ( pure br$ cattle 9 ,ill9ois4 ,z e>ly z #ahcc1 a man by ! "n ( ,james ,williams1 br\ght "s ,%or?orn cattle ( ! ,patt5 ,/ock1 f ,k5tucky to ,sangamon c\nty4 ,9 #ahcd1 ,j4 ,d4 ,smi? & ,j4 ,n4 ,br[n br\ght a numb] ( ,%or?orns f ,k5tucky to ! c5tral "p ( ! /ate4 ,9 ! spr+ ( #ahch1 ,colonel ,john ,williams1 a son ( ,james ,williams1 br\ght a ,%or?orn bull & a ,%or?orn c[ f ,lex+ton1 ,new ,york1 into ,sangamon c\nty4 ,^! ?ree importations ( pure br$ /ock into ,ill9ois 7 ! e>lie/ ( :i* !re are any records4 ,o!r importations ( ,%or?orns into ! /ate 7 made at lat] dates1 h[ev]1 & !y soon became ! lead+ bre$ ( cattle 9 ! /ate = bo? beef & dairy purposes4#be ,! rapid dissem9ation ( ,%or?orns ?r\gh\t ! /ate 0 probably due *iefly to ! me?od by :i* ! bre$ 0 adv]tis$4 ,! lead+ bre$]s held public auction sales annually on _! f>ms1 or at "s conv5i5t place1 & p all ov] ! /ate 7 invit$ to come to ^! sales & br+ su* pure br$ animals z !y _h = sale4 ,9 view ( appreh5sions on ! "p ( "s ( ! bre$]s1 t ?is me?od might t5d to spread disease among ! cattle1 x became a rule to require t e contributor to a sale furni% a c]tificate f a vet]9>ian1 %[+ 8 cattle to be 9 good heal?1 & t !y _h n be5 expos$ to any contagi\s disease4 ,%or?orns held full sway 9 ! /ate until ab\t #ahfe or #ahgj1 :5 ! tide began to turn4 ,o!r bre$s began to be introduc$ into v>i\s p>ts ( ! /ate4 ,"s ( ^! bre$s ga9$ popul>ity s rapidly t )9 a v few ye>s ! competition became v ke5 betwe5 !m & ! ,%or?orns4 ,at ! %[s1 all bre$s 7 %[n 9 ! same class4 ,?is creat$ consid]able excitem5t among ! en?usia/ic advocates ( ! v>i\s bre$s & (t5 result$ 9 fi/ & skull fights4 ,at ! ,*icago %[ 9 #ahgi1 !re 0 close competition among ! bre$s :5 x come to ty+ ! ribbon = sweep/akes aw>d4 ,mr4 ,f4 ,l4 ,mill]1 a ,h]e=d man1 want$ to put ! bre$s to a slaught] te/4 ,! o!r bre$]s refus$ to kill _! pure br$ cattle1 b "s grades 7 slaught]$ in/ead2 "o ,%or?orn1 "o ,h]e=d1 & "o ,devon4 ,h]e=ds ,%or?orns ,devons ,gross ,weight #aifc #agie #afad ,net ,weight #acag #aagi #ajee ,(fal #deb #chi #cid ,dress+ p] c5t #fg4a #fe4g #fe4c ,=e ,qu>t]s #ced #cjh #bgg #cga #cjc #bge ,h9d ,qu>t]s #bhg #bhc #bdg #cje #bhe #bef ,tall[ #agh #aee #ade ,hide #ajf #ij #ii ,head #ee #dg #di ,nei!r ( ^! /e]s _h m>bl$ fle%4 ,"o family :o ate "s ( "o ( ! /e]s 0 said to h be5 made sick1 due to ! excessive fatness4 ,! fe$]s ( ?is "t gave v little or no att5tion to ! m>bl+ ( meat4 ,all !y not$ 0 :e!r an animal 0 gett+ fat or n4 ,!y didn't notice :e!r !y 7 putt+ ! fat on ev5ly4#bf ,f ! v e>lie/ improvem5t ( cattle 9 ,ill9ois1 ,%or?orn blood has be5 us$ m ext5sively ?an t ( any o!r bre$4 ,!y 7 ! fir/ pure br$ cattle br\ght into ! /ate & 7 ! only pure br$ cattle 9 ! /ate = sev]al ye>s4 ,!y 7 m g5]ally kn[n by f>m]s ?r\gh\t ! /ate & at a v e>ly date 7 f\nd 9 almo/ e c\nty4 ,h]e=d cattle h rank$ next to ,%or?orns1 bo? 9 numb] & popul>ity4 ,ab\t #ahgj1 ,h]e=ds began to play an important "p 9 beef production 9 ?is /ate1 & x 0 only a few ye>s aft] ?is "t t !y 7 tak5 into ,sangamon c\nty1 :]e ,%or?orns _h fir/ gott5 _! /rong hold4#bg ,! competition betwe5 ! ,h]e=ds & ! ,%or?orns grew /rong] ea* ye>4 ,9 ,febru>y ( #ahhe1 ! ,%or?orn ,bre$]s' ,association1 9 session1 decid$ to ask ea* memb] to contribute fifte5 c5ts = ea* ,%or?orn own$ by him1 to be us$ = ! good ( ! ,%or?orn int]e/4 ,! rivalry betwe5 ! diff]5t bre$s ( cattle 0 s %>ply def9$ & closely press$ t !y ?\ght x indisp5sable to ! protection & prosp]ity ( ! ,%or?orn int]e/ & ?\ght ! ,/ate ,association ( ,%or?orn ,bre$]s %\ld be kept 9 an active & /rong exi/5ce4#bh ,! foll[+ is a summ>y ( reports ga!r$ by ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry 9 #ahhe1 by s5d+ out que/ionnaires to diff]5t p>ts ( ! /ate1 %[+ ! bre$ ( cattle t has be5 us$ moot ext5sively 9 cattle improvem5t4 ,/ate z a ,:ole ,no4 ,reports ,bre$ ,us$ #bdj ,%or?orns #hj ,h]e=ds #bh ,angus #ag ,devons ,/ate by ,sections ,nor?we/ #bg ,%or?orns ,c\nties #i ,h]e=ds #e ,angus ,nor!rn #cd ,%or?orns ,c\nties #ac ,h]e=ds #e ,angus #d ,devons #b ,gall[ays ,we/]n #cb ,%or?orns ,c\nties #h ,h]e=ds #e ,angus #d ,devons #c ,gall[ays ,c5tral #ee ,%or?orns ,c\nties #bj ,h]e=ds #c ,angus #a ,r$ ,poll$ ,we/]n #bj ,%or?orns ,c\nties #ad ,h]e=ds #g ,angus ,s\?we/ #i ,%or?orns ,c\nties #a ,h]e=ds #a ,angus ,s\!rn #dd ,%or?orns ,c\nties #f ,h]e=ds #c ,devons #a ,dut* ,belt$ ,s\!a/ #aj ,%or?orns ,c\nties #b ,h]e=ds #b ,devons ,t4 ,l4 ,mill] ,e>ly 9 ! sev5ties1 ,mr4 ,t4 ,l4 ,mill]1 ?an a bus9ess man 9 ,*icago1 :o own$ a f>m at ,bee*]1 ,w c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 became int]e/$ 9 ,h]e=d cattle4 ,mr4 ,mill] 0 born at ,middlet[n1 ,connecticut1 on ,april #g1 #ahag4 ,9 #ahdb1 he w5t to ,cuyahoga ,falls1 ,ohio1 :]e he 0 9 bus9ess until #ahef1 :5 he remov$ to ,*icago1 ,ill9ois4 ,"h he 0 9 ! fire insurance bus9ess until ab\t #ahgj4 ,he _h b\ght ! fir/ #cbj acres ( 8 f>m at ,bee*] & #bjg acres ?ree miles to ! nor?4 ,he comm5c$ to improve ! f>m ) build+s 9 #ahfb4 ,8 ne>e/ railroad /ation !n 0 ,monee1 on ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral4 ,9 #ahgj1 ! ,*icago1 ,danville1 & ,v9c5nes ,railroad1 0 built1 & ,mr4 ,mill] b\ght ab\t #cdj acres ( additional l& to ! we/ ( t already acquir$ & laid out ! village ( ,bee*]4 ,he clos$ out 8 bus9ess 9 ,*icago & w5t to live on ?is ,highl& ,/ock ,f>m 9 ,m>*1 #ahgj4 ,a few ye>s lat]1 he laid ! f\ndation = 8 h]d ( ,h]e=d cattle4 ,mr4 ,william ,p[ell1 an ,engli%man1 :o lat] on br$ & h&l$ ,h]e=ds ext5sively on 8 own acc\nt bo? 9 ,ill9ois & ,texas1 0 jo9tly int]e/$ ) ,mr4 ,mill] 9 "s ( 8 e>li] v5tures 9 ,h]e=ds4 ,an item 9 ! ,national ,live ,/ock ,j\rnal = ,febru>y1 #ahgb1 reads z foll[s3 ,we le>n t ,messrs4 ,by]s & ,campbell1 ( ,nevada1 ,ohio1 h sold to ,messrs4 ,t4 ,l4 ,mill] & ,wm4 ,p[ell ( ,highl& ,/ock ,f>m1 ,bee*]1 ,w c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 an individual half int]e/ 9 ?ree ,h]e=d c[s & two bulls1 & ?irty-six pure br$ ,cotswold %eep4 ,mr4 ,mill]'s f>m soon aft]w>d became ! c5t] ( ! greate/ ,am]ican activity 9 ! ,h]e=d trade4#bi ,?omas ,cl>k ,?omas ,cl>k 0 born 9 ,h]e=d%ire1 ,engl&1 ne> ! ,monm\? bord]1 9 #ahdb4 ,8 fa!r 0 a cattle gr[] ( local repute1 :o us$ pure br$ ,h]e=d bulls1 b did n pr(ess to be a h&l] ( p$igre$ /ra9s4 ,?omas ,cl>k came to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! spr+ ( #ahff1 & aft] work+ = a "t on a f>m ne> ,pittsfield1 ,ohio1 0 employ$ by a ,clevel& but*] hav+ a l>ge city trade4 ,?rifty & possess$ ( an inborn fai? 9 ! :ite faces ( 8 native l&1 by d9t ( h>d "w & economy 9 ! c\rse ( a few ye>s1 ,cl>k f\nd himself 9 a position to get into bus9ess 9 a small way on 8 own acc\nt4 ,z =eman & cutt] 9 ,clevel&1 he acquir$ a practical famili>ity ) :at lies "u a bullock's hide1 t 0 ( di/9ct advantage 9 8 subsequ5t c>e] z a bre$] & fe$] ( good cattle4 ,he _h an int]e/ 9 8 bro!r-9-laws little but*] %op 9 ,elyra1 b 8 own fondness = ! fields l$ him to give mo/ ( 8 "t to ! #hj acres he _h "u lease ne> t[n4 ,he mov$ on ?is f>m & began bre$+ ,h]e=d cattle4 ,he b\ght 8 fir/ bull1 ,sir ,ar?ur 7#gje71 z a calf1 f ,f4 ,w4 ,/one ( ,canada4 ,9 #ahgg1 :5 ,mr4 ,cl>k's lease on ! ,ohio f>m expir$1 see+ t ! we/ 0 becom+ a good m>ket = ,h]e=ds1 he decid$ to remove to ,bee*]1 ,ill9ois4 ,he _h %[n e ye> at ! ,ohio fairs1 & always won4 ,he made "o %[ at ,erie1 ,p5nsylvania1 :ile bre$+ 9 ,ohio1 & ano!r at ,jackson1 ,mi*igan1 9 #ahgf1 w9n+ fir/ prize on h]d1 9 competition ) sev5 ,%or?orn & ,devon h]ds4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ "t ,h]e=ds _h won t prize 9 ,mi*igan1 & ! ev5t caus$ a lot ( controv]sy4 ,cl>k _h1 meantime1 sold ?ree calves to ,t4 ,l4 ,mill] & deliv]$ !m p]sonally4 ,he 0 impress$ ) ! idea t ,ill9ois w\ld be a bett] location = 8 cattle bus9ess ?an ,ohio4 ,he b\ght #hj acres ( l&1 ab\t "o & "o-f\r? miles f ! village ( ,bee*]4 ,he aft]w>d add$ =ty acres to ! home f>m1 & subsequ5tly1 b\ght tw5ty-six acres 9 addition4 ,mr4 ,cl>k always kept 8 own l&s l>gely 9 grass1 & leas$ fields = f>m+ purposes4 ,he br\ght 8 ,ohio h]d1 numb]+ at t "t ab\t tw5ty-eight head1 to ,bee*]4 ,9 #ahgg1 ,mr4 ,cl>k %[$ a h]d at ! nor!rn ,ohio ,fair at ,clevel&1 w9n+ all prizes %[n =4#cj 7#aheg7 ,!re is no "q b :at ! native cattle ( ! /ate may be improv$ by successive g5]ations ( judici\s bre$+1 b if 9 & 9-bre$+ is foll[$1 z at pres5t1 ! effects w be negative4 ,! true comp>ison betwe5 native /e]s & improv$ /e]s is se5 :5 !y are put on ! m>ket4 ,%or?orn & ,h]e=d /e]s at wean+ "t are wor? ab\t #ae1 :ile ! native /e]s at wean+ "t are wor? ab\t #e4 ,! ,%or?orn & ! ,h]e=d /e]s c\ld be made to g to ! ,new ,york m>ket weigh+ ar\nd #ahjj to #bjjj p\nds gross1 & sell = #ab c5ts to #ae c5ts p] p\nd1 :ile ! native /e]s 7 s5t to m>ket at six or sev5 ye>s ( age1 weigh+ f #ijj to #ajjj p\nds1 & sold = #aj to #ab c5ts p] p\nd4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,ill9ois ,cattle ,import+ ,company receiv$ a %ipm5t ( #ch ,%or?orn cattle f ,europe4#ca ,messrs4 ,calef & ,jacoby at ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois1 sold at auction1 ,m>* #bc1 fifte5 head ( c[s & heif]s1 all ,%or?orns4 ,two ( ! numb] 7 import$4 ,!y rea*$ an av]age ( #ehc4 ,!y also sold eight ,%or?orn bulls :i* av]ag$ #aga4ih ea*4#cb ,messrs4 ,h4 ,e ,g>dn] ( ,brad=dton1 ,ill9ois1 & ,j4 ,s4 ,highmore ( ,ro*e/]1 ,ill9ois1 sold #cj ,%or?orn c[s & heif]s at ! ,sangamon ,c\nty ,fair ,gr\nds4 ,! total numb] br\ght #c1adj4 ,av]age ( ! c[s 0 #ajd4ff4 ,!y also sold #ad bulls = #aj4bj4 ,! highe/ price paid 9 ! sale 0 #bhj = a c[4 ,! total sale = c[s & bulls am\nt$ to #d1afj1 an av]age ( #ie4ed4 ,l4 ,c4 ,c>l9 ( ,ed9burg1 ,ill9ois1 b\ght a bull = #ajj4 ,philimon ,/u>t ( ,cotton ,hill1 ,ill9ois1 b\ght "o = #ajj also4 ,9 ! aft]noon ( ! same day1 ,d4 ,w4 ,smi? ( ,bates1 ,ill9ois1 sold five c[s & heif]s = #ggj1 an av]age ( #aed2 also ?ree bulls sold = #gaj1 an av]age ( #bcf4ff4 ,! total ( ! c[s 0 #a1dhj4 ,! highe/ c[ sold to ,lafayette ,funk ( ,%irley1 ,ill9ois1 = #b4cj4 ,! highe/ bull sold to ,george ,m4 ,caldwell1 ,williamsville1 ,ill9ois1 = #cjj4cc ,rossl& ,p>k ,/ock ,f>m at ,a%kum1 ,ill9ois3 ,! f>m is #gc miles s\? ( ,*icago1 on ! ,ill9ois ,c5tral ,railroad1 9 ,iroquois c\nty4 ,x is compos$ ( #abj acres ( deep1 d>k prairie soil4 ,?is f>m 0 fir/ own$ by ,mrs4 ,ross ( ,*icago1 :o gave v little att5tion to x & all[$ x to become badly run d[n4 ,x 0 !n pur*as$ by ,g4 ,w4 ,h5ry ( ,*icago1 :o at once set ab\t to improve x4 ,he put a new f5ce ar\nd ! entire f>m & prep>$ x to be kept z a graz+ f>m = cattle4 ,mr4 ,h5ry 0 a ,%or?orn en?usia/ & br$ ,%or?orns until #ahhd1 :5 he became int]e/$ 9 ,h]e=ds4 ,high grade & pure br$ ,h]e=ds _h 8 att5tion !n = two or ?ree ye>s1 aft] :i* he decid$ to deal 9 none b pure-br$s4 ,he sold 8 entire lot ( grades4 ,r4 ,w4 ,holl5beak ( ,casey1 ,i[a1 pur*as$ #gc ( ! two ye> olds at #ge a head2 #be high grade "o ye> old at #ej a head2 "o ye>l+ grade bull at #ge2 & #di "y grade calves at #dj a head4 ,!re 7 left on ! f>m ab\t #aej pure br$ ,h]e=ds :i* soon 7 increas$ enorm\sly by us+ "s valuable bulls z h]d head]s4#cd ,! ,summit ,f>m1 own$ by ,mr4 ,w5twor?1 comprises ab\t #djjj acres1 :i* is mo/ly prairie4 ,he has on 8 f>m #hj ,%or?orns4 ,he has "s ye>l+ heif]s by ! son ( ,boo?'s ,lanca/]1 :i* are v promis+4 ,he also owns ! ,fifte5? ,duke ( ,ardie :o /ill holds 8 place z "o ( ! gr&e/ ,bates bulls 9 exi/5ce4 ,mr4 ,w5twor? fe$s mangles 9 connection ) hay4#ce ,! ,poll$ ,ab]de5 ,angus h]d1 belong+ to ,messrs4 ,&]son & ,f9dley1 ( ,lake ,=e/1 ,ill9ois1 is "o ( ! olde/ h]ds 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & is probably ! l>ge/ ( any 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ,scotl&4#cf ,our fir/ importation 0 made 9 ! summ] ( #ahgh1 & consi/$ ( ! bull ,nicolis #aajb1 & ! five females3 ,jeannie ,gordon #biad1 ,lazy #crd #aajj1 ,violet ( ,brucehill #aiea1 ,diana #d? #cbbf1 & ,wat]side ,fancy #ahed1 & ?us 0 e/abli%$ ! fir/ bre$+ h]d ( ,ab]de5 ,angus cattle 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates s f> z we "k4 ,! cattle 9 ?is importation did s well ) u t we 7 induc$ to make fur!r importations1 & ! cattlem5 ( ?is c\ntry readily recogniz$ ! sup]iority ( ! bre$1 & ) prov]bial ,am]ican g-aheadness1 took hold ( !m at once4 ,su* 0 ! dem& = animals ( ?is bre$ 9 ! e>ly eighties t we f\nd ready sale = !m at prices almo/ beyond ! rea* ( cattlem5 ( mod]ate means4 ,we1 toge!r ) o!r import]s1 drew ^u ! p>5t /ock 9 ,scotl& to su* an ext5t ab\t ?is "t t ! /ra9+ po9t 0 soon rea*$ & prices rapidly advanc$ 9 t c\ntry also4 ,! l& at ,lake ,=e/1 ,ill9ois1 ^u :i* = s _m ye>s we ma9ta9$ our h]d1 0 con/antly appreciat+ 9 value1 until x is n[ 7#aija7 wor? ab\t f\r hundr$ p] c5t m ?an :5 we fir/ e/abli%$ our h]d !re4 ,we 71 !re=e1 compell$ to move our h]d into *eap] l&s1 & ?is we began to d ab\t #ahid1 & 9 #ahig1 practically all ( our h]d _h be5 transf]r$ to our ,all5dale ,f>m1 9 ,all5 c\nty1 ,kansas4 ,we pur*as$ mo/ ( ! l& compos+ ,all5dale ,f>m 9 #ahgh1 & h improv$ & add$ to x s9ce until n[1 we h ov] #bjjj acres1 mak+ z f9e a place = ! bre$+ ( f9e /ock & ! fatt5+ ( cattle z c be f\nd 9 ! c\ntry4#cg ,! ,ill9ois ,cattle ,bre$]s' ,association 0 organiz$ 9 #ahie4 ,! fir/ annual meet+ 0 held at ,spr+field1 on ,janu>y #ac1 #ahif4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,frank ,pra!r presid$ at ?is meet+4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,pickrell 0 ! fir/ secret>y4 ,a committee 0 appo9t$ to draft by-laws4 ,! fir/ pap] on ! program 0 ,home & ,=eign ,dem& = ,beef ,cattle by ,a4 ,c4 ,h[ell1 ! editor ( ! ,drov]'s ,j\rnal4 ,! pap] 0 read by ! secret>y1 ,mr4 ,pickrell4 ,! ma9 !me ( ! pap] 0 on ,baby ,beef1 9 :i* he said t x 0 no long] a fad1 b a pr(itable bus9ess4 ,,footnotes3 #be ,! ,prairie ,f>m]1 ,may #i1 #ahhe1 p4 #bib4 #bf ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 ,dec4 #d1 #ahgi4 #bg ,s&]s' ,h]e=d ,hi/ory1 p4 #cdh4 #bh ,! ,prairie ,f>m]1 ,feb4 #a1 #ahhe1 p4 #hd4 #bi ,s&]s' ,hi/ory ( ,h]e=d ,cattle1 p4 #cdh4 #cj ,s&]'s ,hi/ory ( ,h]e=ds1 pp4 #ceb1 #ceg4 #ca ,! ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 ,july #cj1 #aheg4 #cb #aheh4 #cc ,! ,prairie ,f>m]1 ,june #g1 #ahhe1 p4 #cgb #cd ,rossl& ,p>k ,/ock ,f>m at ,a%kum1 ,ill9ois4 ,prairie ,f>m] ,nov4 #ad1 #ahhe1 p4 #gda4 #ce ,cultivator & ,c\ntry ,g5tleman1 #ahge4 #cf ,! ,prairie ,f>m]1 #ahhe4 #cg ,sale ,catalog ( ,&]son & ,f9dley1 #aija4 ,,vi4 ,,cattle ,,plagues#ch ,9 #ahhb1 ,dr4 ,salmon ( ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 became conv9c$1 f ! exp]im5tal evid5ce at 8 comm&1 t c]ta9 disease g]ms produc$ a *emical sub/ance dur+ _! gr[? & multiplication :i*1 if inject$ into ! tissues ( an animal1 w\ld induce immunity f a disease t ^! g]ms cause4 ,9 o!r words1 he ?\ght t ! liquid 9 :i* ! bact]ia 7 gr[n 9 ! laboratory might be us$ aft] ! bact]ia _h be5 kill$ or remov$1 to protect animals f ! disease caus$ by ^! specific bact]ia4 ,! fir/ exp]im5t made at t "t ) f[l *ol]a fail$ to confirm ! !ory4 ,lat] exp]im5ts ) hog *ol]a bacillus gave unmi/akable pro( ( its correctness4 ,! results 7 fir/ publi%$ 9 #ahhf & additional evid5ce 0 publi%$ ! foll[+ ye>4 ,_m cattlem5 h be5 prejudic$ aga9/ ! tub]cul9 te/ & h object$ to x1 due to inaccurate or greatly exagg]at$ /atem5ts z to ! damage x caus$ to ! cattle on :i* x 0 us$4 ,^? :o h _h mo/ exp]i5ce ) tub]cul9 h consequ5tly fail$ to obs]ve any injuri\s effects foll[+ its injection into heal?y cattle4 ,) cattle t are affect$ ) tub]culosis1 x produces a fev] :i* la/s only a %ort "t1 & 9 ! great majority ( cases1 ! effects disappe> )9 =ty-eight h\rs aft] ! adm9i/ration ( ! tub]cul94 ,! cases ( abortion foll[+ ! tub]cul9 te/ h n be5 num]\s1 ev5 :5 c[s 7 te/$ )9 a v %ort "t be=e ! normal "t ( calv+4 ,! few cases t h occurr$ may be expla9$ by ! fact t abortion 9 cattle is a v common occurr5ce & t x w\ld h happ5$ ev5 ?\gh ! te/ _h n be5 appli$ & t x 0 a co9cid5ce4 ,f ! inve/igations & obs]vations made1 ! foll[+ conclusions may be safely drawn3 #a4 ,! tub]cul9 te/ is an accurate me?od ( det]m9+ ! pres5ce ( tub]culosis 9 an animal4 #b4 ,by ! use ( tub]cul9 su* animals z are affect$ ) ! disease may be detect$ & remov$ f ! h]d4 #c4 ,x has no injuri\s effects4 #d4 ,comp>atively small numb]s ( cattle :i* h abort$1 suff]$ ill heal?1 or fell (f 9 fle% aft] ! tub]cul9 te/ 0 made1 7 ei!r diseas$ be=e ! te/ 0 made or 7 affect$ by "s o!r cause o!r ?an t ( ! tub]cul94 ,on ! #ae? day ( ,july1 #ahhd1 ,dr4 ,trumb[] 0 reque/$ to visit a c[ at ,/]l+1 ,ill9ois1 belong+ to ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,keef]4 ,he f\nd "o ( ,mr4 ,keef]'s pure br$ ,j]sey c[s1 ag$ ab\t six ye>s1 ) symptoms ( pleuro-pneumonia4 ,mr4 ,keef] _h b\ght ?is c[1 ,lass ,o' ,l[rie1 f ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,cl>k1 ( ,g5eva1 ,ill9ois1 on ,june #f1 ( ! same ye>4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,keef] visit$ ,mr4 ,cl>k's f>m on ,april #f1 he saw ,lass ,o' ,l[rie ) two o!r c[s1 ,tama ,w>r51 & ,nutri5a ,tunlaw4 ,all ?ree ( ! c[s _h ! appe>ance ( un?rift9ess1 ! hair 0 look+ r\gh & dry1 b ?is 0 attribut$ to a sev]e w9t] )\t prop] c>e &1 9 ! case ( ,lass ,o' ,l[rie1 to rec5t calv+4 ,mr4 ,keef] b\ght h] ) ! assurance t %e 0 p]fectly heal?y4 ,%e 0 %ipp$ ,june #h & 0 on ! road f\r h\rs4 ,:5 %e 0 driv5 f ! c> to ,mr4 ,keef]'s f>m1 %e 0 notic$ to c\gh occasionally4 ,%e _h calv$ 9 ,m>* & 0 aga9 pregnant4 ,f ! "t ,mr4 ,keef] b\ght h]1 %e became poor]1 weak]1 & milk secretion became entirely susp5d$4 ,%e /ood 9 ! field away f ! o!r cattle & ceas$ rum9at+4 ,c\gh+ increas$ 9 frequ5cy & /r+s ( mucus dropp$ f ! no/rils4 ,! case 0 ?\ght to be "o ( tub]culosis & isolation 0 recomm5d$1 slaught] & burial to foll[ z soon z possible ^u ! necessity ( ! measure4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,june #h1 %e 0 bl$ to dea?4 ,on exam9ation1 ! ant]ior lobe ( ! "r lung 0 f\nd fill$ ) tub]cles cov]+ a space ( f\r in*es 9 diamet]4 ,!y pres5t$ diff]5t /ages ( developm5t2 "s conta9+ a ?ick yell[ inspissat$ pus1 :ile o!rs 7 und]go+ a case\s deg5]ation or calcification1 & /ill o!rs appe>$ z small indurat$ br[n or r$di% circumscrib$ spots 9 ! int]lobul> tissue4 ,beg9n+ at ! bifurcation ( ! tra*ea & ext5d+ d[nw>d & backw>d1 0 f\nd a cavity ab\t t5 in*es 9 l5g?1 :i* conta9$ a p9t ( fluid ( a grayi%-black color & ( v (f5sive odor1 hold+ 9 susp5sion dis9tegrat$ lung tissue2 also 9 ?is cavity 0 f\nd a mass ( in=cat$ lung tissue weigh+ two p\nds4 ,! "p ne>e/ ! "r lung 0 break+ d[n & liquify+4 ,ano!r mass ( dead lung1 weigh+ f\r ounces1 ( a yell[1 granul>1 or case\s appe>ance1 indicat+ t x 0 mu* old] ?an ! l>g] mass1 0 f\nd ly+ 9 & p>tially buri$ 9 a sep>ate sack :i* communicat$ ) ! l>g] cavity4 ,9 ! abdom9al lymphatic gl&s ^! 7 masses ( compact tub]cul\s matt] ency/$ 9 /rong fibr\s capsules1 "o ( :i* measur$ ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! c[ _h evid5tly be5 affect$ ) tub]culosis1 b ! ency/$ mass ( dead lung 0 a lesion :i* is n produc$ 9 ?is disease1 b :i* is a frequ5t result ( contagi\s pleuro-pneumonia4 ,x seem$ possible t ?is animal _h bo? ( ! diseases at ! same "t1 al?\gh ! fact t pleuro-pneumonia 0 n kn[n to exi/ 9 t "p ( ! c\ntry made x appe> v d\btful4 ,^u inve/igat+ ! conditions ( affairs at ,mr4 ,cl>ke's f>m1 x 0 le>n$ t 8 animals _h suff]$ f a disease t _h caus$ ! dea? ( sev]al dur+ ! spr+ & summ]4 ,a c[ :i* _h be5 sold to ,c4 ,p4 ,cogge%all & tak5 to ! f>m ( ,mr4 ,john ,boyd1 ( ,elmhur/1 0 v sick1 & a second c[ b\ght by ,mr4 ,boyd 0 also sick4 ,mr4 ,boyd's f>m 0 visit$ on ,augu/ #ab4 ,! c[ call$ ,cream ,ecca1 belong+ to ,mr4 ,cogge%all _h di$ on ,july #bj4 ,! c[1 ,edi? ,/4 ,hilaire1 _h improv$ v mu* dur+ ! two weeks previ\s to ! visit & 0 !n believ$ by h] own] to be ne>ly well4 ,an exam9ation ( ! lungs ( ,cream ,ecca %[$ !m to be hepatiz$ z 9 pleuro-pneumonia4 ,^! facts appe>$ suffici5t to ju/ify ! diagnosis ( contagi\s pleuro-pneumonia1 b 9 ! abs5ce ( any hi/ory beyond ! ,cl>ke h]d1 & consid]+ ! fact t ! only c[ ( :i* a c>eful po/-mortem exam9ation _h be5 made 0 c]ta9ly affect$ ) tub]culosis1 x seem$ be/ to res]ve a decision until m complete evid5ce _h be5 obta9$4 ,on ,augu/ #ad1 ,mr4 ,george ,b4 ,lor+ made a ?ird visit to ,elmh]/ ,f>m1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,s&]s1 a memb] ( ! ,treasury ,cattle ,commission1 & ,mr4 ,wadham1 & ,mr4 ,boyd1 ! two sick c[s 7 slaught]$4 ,an exam9ation ( ! lungs ( ,edi? ,/4 ,hilaire %[$ t %e _h e symptom ( pleuro-pneumonia4 ,! o!r c[1 ,dassie #d?1 0 likewise exam9$ ) ! same indications ( ! disease4 ,on ,augu/ #ae1 ,mr4 ,lor+1 ! agricultural commission]1 w5t to ,g5eva1 ,ill9ois1 & exam9$ ! conditions ( ! animals t 7 /ill on ,mr4 ,cl>ke's f>m4 ,mr4 ,cl>ke in=m$ ,mr4 ,lor+ t ! fir/ animal to %[ signs ( ! disease on 8 f>m 0 ! bull1 ,f9is ,lawr5ce1 :i* became sick dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,may & 0 kill$ 9 ,june4 ,! c[s1 ,ella ,lawr5ce1 ,du*ess ( ,broome ,c\nty1 ,myrrh9e1 & ,damask1 all %[$ signs ( sickness ab\t ! middle ( ,june4 ,ella ,lawr5ce 0 kill$ at ! same "t z ! bull2 ,du*ess ( ,broome ,c\nty di$2 ,myrrh9e & ,damask recov]$ & 7 on ! f>m at ! "t ! exam9ation 0 made4 ,tama ,w>r5 _h also be5 kill$1 b ,mr4 ,cl>ke insi/$ t ?is 0 because %e 0 wor?less z a bre$]4 ,six animals 9 all _h be5 kill$ or _h di$ on ,mr4 ,cl>ke's place s9ce ,may4 ,accord+ to acc\nts receiv$ f o!r s\rces1 x is probably t ,tama ,w>r5 & ,nutr9a ( ,tunlaw 7 sick z e>ly z ,april #f4 ,mr4 ,cl>ke _h br\ght on 8 place s9ce ,june #a1 "o animal f ,new ,j]sey1 ?ree :i* he _h pur*as$ at ! ,epl] sale at ,virg9ia1 ,ill9ois1 "o f ,c4 ,a4 ,keef]1 ( ,/]l+1 ,ill9ois1 & sev]al f ,wiscons94 ,x 0 impossible to judge1 f any in=mation t ,mr4 ,cl>ke c\ld give1 9 :at mann] ! disease _h be5 br\ght to 8 place4 ,z ,ella ,lawr5ce _h come f ,peoria1 & z !re 7 rumors ( ! disease at t place1 x 0 decid$ to make inve/igations !re4 ,on ,augu/ #af1 ,mr4 ,lor+ visit$ ,messrs4 ,d4 ,h4 & ,s4 ,s4 ,tripp1 & ,mr4 ,o4 ,j4 ,bailey at ,peoria4 ,^! g5tlem5 admitt$ t !y _h lo/ animals f "s disease1 ! nature ( :i* !y did n und]/&1 & !y freely plac$ at ,mr4 ,lor+'s disposal all ! in=mation :i* !y c\ld obta91 be>+ ^u ! matt]4 ,x 0 "h t ,mr4 ,lor+ ga9$ a fir/ insight into ! hi/ory ( ! introduction ( ! disease into ,ill9ois4 ,! fir/ cases ( ?is disease occurr$ 9 ! ,tripp h]d1 & ! only animals t _h be5 br\ght ^u _! place = sev]al mon?s be=e ?is sickness 7 ?ree c[s pur*as$ at ! ,virg9ia sale1 :i* occurr$ ,febru>y #ba4 ,^! c[s1 ,hel5a1 ,rex1 ,alb]t's ,pansy1 & ,fancy ,le,brocq1 7 tak5 to ,mr4 ,tripp's /able 9 ,peoria1 & aft]w>d ,hel5 ,rex 0 tak5 to 8 f>m1 :i* is situat$ ab\t two miles f ! city4 ,x 0 said t ,hel5 ,rex 0 c\gh+ at ! "t ( ! sale at ,virg9ia1 & t %e did n appe> to be 9 good heal?1 b ,mr4 ,tripp ei!r did n notice ?is or 0 n impress$ ) ! idea t %e 0 affect$ at all s]i\sly4 ,! fir/ c[ t %[$ unmi/akable evid5ce ( ! disease 0 ,pom>e1 a c[ kept = family use 9 ! t[n /able4 ,! e>lie/ symptoms 7 notic$ ) h] on ,april #a1 & %e di$ ,april #ag4 ,no o!r cases ( ! disease occurr$ until ,july #ab1 :5 ! c[1 ,annos ,orphan1 pres5t$ ! symptoms ( inflammation ( ! lungs & di$ ,july #bg4 ,! next case occurr$ ,july #be1 :5 a c[ call$ ,que5ette %[$ t %e 0 affect$4 ,%e di$ ,augu/ #d4 ,no disease _h be5 9 ,messrs4 ,tripp's h]d nor 9 any o!r cattle 9 ! vic9ity previ\s to ! pur*ase ( ! ?ree animals at ,mr4 ,epl]'s sale at ,virg9ia4 ,! fir/ sickness 9 ,mr4 ,bailey's h]d occurr$ ,may #aj4 ,! fir/ c[ affect$1 ,lady ,flor5tia1 _h be5 9 8 /able 9 ,peoria up to ?is "t1 :5 %e 0 tak5 to 8 f>m sev5 miles 9 ! c\ntry4 ,?is c[ _h n be5 9 actual contact ) any ( ,mr4 ,tripp's cattle1 & ! only way 9 :i* ! disease c\ld be acc\nt$ = 9 h] 0 t x _h be5 c>ri$ by "s p]son go+ f "o /able to ! o!r4 ,?is c[ recov]$ f ! disease b sev]al o!rs ( ! same h]d di$ )9 a few days aft] tak+ ! disease4 ,on ,augu/ #ah1 a c[ 0 kill$ & exam9$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ,dr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,rau*1 ,secret>y ( ! ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,heal?1 & ,dr4 ,n4 ,h4 ,poor51 ,/ate ,vet]9>ian1 bo? ( :om _h be5 invit$ to be pres5t 9 ord] t !y might see ! disease & be conv9c$ ( its nature4 ,mr4 ,epl]'s place at ,virg9ia1 ,cass c\nty1 ,ill9ois1 0 visit$ ,augu/ #bb4 ,no animals 7 f\nd %[+ symptoms ( ! disease1 & ,mr4 ,epl] /at$ t he _h lo/ none f 8 orig9al h]d s9ce ! sale1 b a c[ :i* he _h b\ght at ,be>d/[n1 ,ill9ois1 & br\ght to 8 place 9 ,april or ,may1 :i* di$ 9 ,june ( an acute lung disease t evid5tly 0 pleuro-pneumonia4 ,a c[ sold to ,port] ,yates1 ( ,spr+field1 ,ill9ois1 at ,mr4 ,epl]'s sale1 0 attack$ by ! disease & di$ 9 ,april4 ,ano!r c[ sold to ,e4 ,s4 ,hodson1 ( ,spr+field1 soon aft] h] arrival 0 treat$ = a simil> disease4 ,ano!r c[ sold to ,frank ,ga/on1 ( ,normal1 ,ill9ois1 became sick ,april #f1 b recov]$4 ,z v _m ( ! cattle sold at ! ,epl] sale soon aft]w>d became affect$ ) pleuro-pneumonia1 & z ! m+l+ ( ! animals at ! sale 0 ! only means by :i* _m ( ^! h]ds c\ld be connect$1 x became v c]ta9 t ! disease 9 ,ill9ois _h be5 br\ght to ! /ate ) "s animals t _h be5 s5t to ,mr4 ,epl]4 ,! animals :i* he _h collect$ = ?is sale _h come f a numb] ( diff]5t h]ds locat$ at widely sep>at$ po9ts4 ,^u inve/igation1 x 0 f\nd t only "o ( ^! h]ds _h be5 affect$ ) pleuro-pneumonia4 ,t h]d belong$ to ,mr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,c4 ,dye1 ( ,troy1 ,ohio4 ,mr4 ,epl] _h pur*as$ five c[s f ,mr4 ,dye on ,decemb] #bh1 #ahhc4 ,^! c[s arriv$ at ,mr4 ,epl]'s f>m at ,virg9ia1 ,ill9ois ,janu>y #d1 #ahhd4 ,two ( ! five c[s pur*as$ f ,mr4 ,dye _h be5 previ\sly b\ght f ! h]d ( ,james ,lyman1 ( ,d[n]'s ,grove1 ,ill9ois1 9 ,may1 #ahhc4 ,mr4 ,dye _h b\ght cattle f sev]al f>ms 9 ! ea/1 b x 0 decid$ t ! disease _h be5 br\ght to 8 h]d by "s grade ,j]seys :i* he b\ght 9 ! vic9ity ( ,baltimore1 ,m>yl&4 ,"o ( ^! c[s _h1 app>5tly1 recov]$ f ! disease1 b 0 /ill able to communicate ! disease :i* 0 aft]w>ds det]m9$4 ,! /eps tak5 to eradicate ! dreadful disease 7 z foll[s3 7#a7 ,inve/igation to det]m9e ! exi/5ce ( pleuro-pneumonia 9 any suspect$ locality 9 ! c\ntry4 7#b7 ,! imm$iate qu>ant9e & isolation ( any h]d 9 :i* ! disease 0 f\nd4 ,if any consid]able am\nt ( ! disease 0 f\nd 9 any section ( ! c\ntry s z to be dang]\s ( spread+ to o!r di/ricts1 ! imm$iate qu>ant9e ( t di/rict 0 en=c$1 z well z ! prohibition ( ! movem5t ( any animals f "o h]d or premises to any o!r )9 ! di/rict1 or ( any cattle to be ^u any highway or any enclos$ l& )9 su* di/rict2 provid$1 h[ev]1 t animals might be mov$1 ^u a writt5 p]mit1 sign$ by an inspector ( ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry4 ,z soon z ! qu>ant9e ord] _h be5 made1 ! imm$iate inspection1 tagg+1 & numb]+ ( e bov9e animal 9 ! di/rict1 & ! keep+ ( a record ( ! same1 & a record ( all animals mov$ by p]mits 0 att5d$ to s t ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry might h complete control ( ! movem5ts ( all cattle )9 ! qu>ant9$ di/ricts4 7#c7 ,! condemnation & slaught] ( all animals f\nd to be diseas$ or expos$ to ! disease )9 ! qu>ant9$ di/ricts1 & ! ?or\gh dis9fection ( all premises :]e su* animals _h be51 or on :i* contagi\s 0 suspect$ to exi/4 ,at ! same "t1 inspection & po/-mortem exam9ations 7 made ( e animal slaught]$ dur+ ! qu>ant9e1 :e!r pur*as$ & slaught]$ by ord] ( ! ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry or kill$ by but*]s1 or o!rs = _! own use4 ,,footnotes3 #ch ,report ( ,bureau ( ,animal ,indu/ry1 #ahhf4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,fe$ ,,indu/ry ,,( ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,sixty ye>s ago 7#ahec7 !re 0 no k ( sci5tific fe$+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,sixty ye>s ago !re 0 no fe$ indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?irty ye>s ago 7#ahhc7 ! tea*+ ( sci5tific fe$+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates began4 ,?irty ye>s ago ! fe$ indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates began4 ,:5 ,i say t sixty ye>s ago !re 0 no fe$ indu/ry 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,i mean t !re 0 no fe$ indu/ry su* z we ( ! pres5t day apply to ! t]m4 ,at t "t1 ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 only "o-f\r? :at x is today4 ,! problem ( fe$+ dome/ic animals1 z well z human be+s1 0 simplicity itself1 9 fact x 0 n a problem4 ,we _h m l& ?an we knew :at to d )4 ,! own] ( live/ock rais$ m gra9 & m hay & _h m pa/urage ?an he _h animals to consume or ?an he _h a m>ket =4 ,dome/ic animals 7 f$ on ! natural gra9s & hays1 gr[n ^u ! same f>ms z !mselves4 ,! city or t[n own] ( horses or live/ock b\ght 8 fe$ /uffs mo/ly direct f ! f>m] :o grew !m4 ,by-product mat]ials ( ! greate/ fe$+ value1 :ile produc$ 9 f> small] quantities ?an at ! pres5t day1 7 n suffici5tly appreciat$ nor suffici5tly ne$$ to cause ! f>m] to make ! ef=t to haul !m f ! mill or factory to 8 f>m1 mu* less to buy !m4 ,sci5tific fe$+ ) a k ( ! balanc$ ration _h n z yet be5 taught 9 our /ate univ]sities4 ,! value ( gr9d+ ! natural gra9s 0 only slightly und]/ood & 0 practic$ only 9 a v limit$ way by a few ( ! m progressive & ?\ghtful fe$]s4 ,fl\r mills exp]i5c$ ! greate/ difficulty 9 f9d+ a m>ket = _! bran & middl+s4 ,:ile ^! by-products 7 probably ! fir/ to be recogniz$ z ( great fe$+ value1 yet hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( tons 7 sold = a few doll>s a ton1 or burn$1 or run into /reams1 = !re 0 no m>ket4 ,cottonse$ meal z a fe$+ /uff 0 at t "t unkn[n4 ,holes 7 dug into ! gr\nd at ! cotton g9s & ! se$ 0 buri$ z a means ( gett+ rid ( x4 ,di/ill]s' & brew]s' gra9s1 />* factory by-products1 molasses1 oatmeal by-products1 oat clipp+s1 & _m o!rs 7 frequ5tly pil$ up on vacant lots to decay or run into ! /reams1 or giv5 to su* f>m]s z c\ld be induc$ to haul !m away1 & ! e>lie/ practical use ( !m 0 by ! manufactur]s :o f$ cattle ) !m 9 _! wet or und]gr\nd /ate at ! factories4 ,no attempt 0 made to dry !m or put !m into =m to be utiliz$ comm]cially4 ,in/ead ( be+ s\rces ( great rev5ue to ! manufactur]1 !y 71 9 _m in/ances1 ! cause ( great exp5se4 ,because ( ! wa/e & exp5se & ! l[ prices realiz$1 ! co/ ( ! ma9 products--! food = human be+s--0 v greatly increas$4#ci ,"h is a fact wor? c>eful not+1 t 9 ^! days ( close competition1 e c5t realiz$ = a by-product is cr$it$ to ! co/ ( produc+ ! ma9 product--! human food--& t 9 addition to itself be+ conv]t$ into additional food = man1 t is1 into meat1 dairy products1 p\ltry1 eggs1 etc41 its sale op]ates directly 9 a v l>ge way z a sav+ to ! consum] ^u ! ma9 product f :i* x is d]iv$4 ,9 o!r words1 !re is only "o pr(it figur$1 & t is ^u ! ma9 product--! food = man--! by-product be+ figur$ solely z su*1 sold = :at x w br+1 & ! returns cr$it$ to ! co/ 9 figur+ co/ prices = ! ma9 product4 ,! problem ( fe$+ ! _w--mu* less ! problem ( fe$+ ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--_h n z yet comm5c$ to tr\ble ! sci5ti/1 ! /atesman1 or ! bus9ess man ( ! day4 ,no "o expect$ t 9 ! %ort space ( sixty ye>s1 all ( our available l&s w\ld be occupi$ & t our population w\ld h increas$ f #ca1jjj1jjj to #ia1jjj1jjj p1 & t ! problem ( ! co/ ( liv+1 ! co/ ( food1 w\ld1 dur+ ! lives ( p !n liv+1 be ! ?\ght & problem upp]mo/ 9 ! m9ds ( our p4 ,t ?is is ! ?\ght upp]mo/ 9 ! m9ds ( our population today is evid5c$ by ! daily conv]sations ( our fri5ds1 by :at we read 9 ! newspap]s1 & by ! action ( ,congress & our ,national ,gov]nm5t 9 provid+ a commission = inve/igation ( its cause4 ,! foll[+ data 0 tak5 f ! ,/ati/ical ,report ( ! ,ill9ois ,/ate ,bo>d ( ,agriculture1 ,decemb] #a1 #aiac1--7;,assessor's ,reports7 ,ill9ois ,pa/ure ,l&s ,ye> ,acreage #ahgg #d1cfg1fjc #ahgh #c1ihc1dej #ahgi #d1aic1hhd #ahhj #d1beg1jed #ahha #b1bjf1fba #ahhb #d1fig1iff #ahhc #d1geb1hbh #ahhd #e1jhe1hag #ahhe #e1dag1adg #ahhf #e1ecg1hgc #ahhg #e1fcj1ega #ahhh #e1gif1ice #ahhi #e1fgi1hgd #ahij #e1jhc1dch #ahia #d1fha1igb #ahib #d1cch1hii #ahic #d1ied1hga #ahid #e1jeb1ieb #ahie #d1fca1bgj #ahif #d1chi1fff #ahig #d1gde1iag #ahih #d1ffi1bgj #ahii #d1hhj1aja #aijj #d1heg1ifa #aija #d1ggd1jfb #aijb #d1efi1ije #aijc #d1ddg1bhg #aijd #d1cgg1dhf #aije #d1cei1dbf #aijf #d1bdc1jcj #aijg #d1cjh1djb #aijh #d1jbb1eih #aiji #c1hjg1gif #aiaj #c1igj1cjb #aiaa #c1hai1dab #aiab #c1eic1ebc #aiac #c1eba1iff 7,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus1 & ,ye> ,books ( ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t7 ,ye> ,acres ( ,av4 ,val4 ( ,f4 & ,av4 ,val4 ,acres ( ,imp4 ,l& ,build's4 p] acre ,p] ,f>m ,f>4 ,l& #ahej #e1jci1ede #g4ii #a1ffc #ab1jcg1dab #ahfj #ac1jif1cgd #ae4if #c1dhj #bj1iaa1ihi #ahgj #ai1cbi1ieb #bh4de #d1ceh #be1hhb1hfa #ahhj #bf1aae1aed #ca4hg #d1eih #ca1fgc1fde #ahij #be1ffi1jfj #da4da #f1adj #cj1dih1bgg #aijj #bg1ffi1bai #ec4hd #g1ehh #cb1gid1gbh #aiaj #bh1jdh1cbc #ajh4cb #ae1eje #cb1ebb1icg ,ye> ,p]c5t ,p]c5t ,p]c5t ,p]c5t ,f>m ,l& 9 ,ill4 ,increase ,increase ( ,l& ( ,f>m 9 ,f>ms 9 ,f>m ,area 9 ,l& ,total ,cultivat$ ,l& ,f>ms ,improv$ #ahej #cc4f #da4i #ahfj #hh4a #gc4g #eh4c #fb4f #ahgj #da4e #bc4h #gb4b #gd4g #ahhj #bf4a #bb4d #hh4c #hb4e #ce1hfg1ebj #cb1ebb1icg #ahij -#e4i -#c4g #he4j #hd4b #aijj #i4h #g4e #ia4d #hd4e #aiaj -#d4f -#j4h #ij4g #hf4b 7,unit$ ,/ates ,c5sus ,report7 ,ye> ,population ,no4 ,f>ms ,av]age ,size ( ,f>ms #agij #ahjj #e1fda #ahaj #bd1ebj #ahbj #adg1agh #ahcj #cdc1jca #ahdj #fhe1hff #ahej #hea1dgj #gf1bjh #aeh4 acres #ahfj #a1gaa1iea #adc1caj #ade4i #ahgj #b1eci1hia #bjb1hjc #abg4f #ahhj #c1jgg1hga #bee1gda #abc4h #ahij #c1hbf1ceb #bdj1fha #abf4g #aijj #d1hba1eej #bfd1aea #abd4b #aiaj #e1fch1eia #bea1hgb #abi4a ,ye> ,no4 ,b4 ,c4 ,no4 ,b4 ,c4 ,no4 ,b4 ,c4 ,p] ,p] ,f>m ,p] ,capita ,acre ,f>m ,l& 7,population7 #ahej #g4a 4#fc 4#jjde #ahfj #i4i 4#hc 4#jjfg #ahgj #g4g 4#fb 4#jjfj #ahhj #g4h 4#fe 4#jjfc #ahij #g4a 4#df 4#jjef #aijj #g4jg 4#ch 4#jjeg #aiaj #d4i 4#bb 4#jjch ,! ,corn ,crop ( ,ill9ois = ,fifty-f\r ,ye>s4 ,ye> ,acreage ,yield ,price #ahfj #c1hci1aei #cj #db #ahfa #c1hci1aei #cj #bd #ahfb #c1deh1ijc #dj #bc #ahfc #c1ggc1cdi #bb #fb #ahfd #d1aib1faj #cc #ge #ahfe #e1jcb1iif #ce #bi #ahff #d1ica1ghc #cb #dc #ahfg #d1ehc1fee #bd #fh #ahfh #c1ibh1gdb #cd #dh #ahfi #e1bcg1jfh #bc #eg #ahgj #e1gbj1ife #ce #ce #ahga #e1caj1dfi #ch #cb #ahgb #e1dfh1jdj #dj #bd #ahgc #f1hci1gad #ba #cb #ahgd #g1dba1jee #ah #ef #ahge #h1afc1bfe #cd #cd #ahgf #h1ibj1jjj #be #ca #ahgg #h1ice1daa #cj #bh #ahgh #h1fgb1jhh #bi #bb #ahgi #g1iah1hha #ci #cb #ahhj #g1ged1ede #cc #cc #ahha #g1aeg1ccd #bd #ec #ahhb #g1cga1iej #bd #db #ahhc #g1cjd1eif #be #cf #ahhd #f1hih1hai #cc #bi #ahhe #g1bab1feg #cb #bh #ahhf #g1aec1bhi #be #cj #ahhg #f1gai1abf #ai #da #ahhh #g1jdg1hac #ci #bh #ahhi #f1ihh1bfg #ce #bc #ahij #f1aad1bbf #bg #de #ahia #e1ged1adg #ch #ch #ahib #e1ahh1dcb #bf #ce #ahic #f1daf1dhh #bf #cj #ahid #f1gje1dgf #ca #ci #ahie #f1ibb1iba #ci #ba #ahif #f1hha1djj #db #ag #ahig #g1jea1ebg #cd #ba #ahih #f1idc1iib #ca #bf #ahii #f1ida1edh #cg #bf #aijj #h1jej1eej #ch #ca #aija #h1jgg1fba #bc #eh #aijb #h1aii1jca #ci #ce #aijc #g1iee1ihj #ce #cd #aijd #g1hge1dga #cf #ci #aije #g1fih1daa #dj #ch #aijf #g1fba1efb #cg #cf #aijg #g1bid1hgc #ce #dd #aijh #f1ghj1ejg #ca #eg #aiji #g1bhh1efc #cf #eb #aiaj #f1hhi1gba #da #cg #aiaa #f1fbc1egi #ch #ee #aiab #f1hgh1gig #ci #dj #aiac #f1fce1hdg #bg #fc ,illu/ration3 ,%[+ ! corn acreage1 pa/ure acreage1 numb] ( beef cattle1 & ! population ( ! /ate ( ,ill9ois f #ahej to #aiad inclusive4 ,,footnotes3 #ci ,an address by ,george ,a4 ,*apman1 ,presid5t ( ! ,am]ican ,fe$ ,manufactur]s' ,association1 deliv]$ at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 ,novemb] #ag1 #aiac4 ,,bibliography ,topography ( ! ,l&4 ,report ( ,bu4 ( ,an4 ,ind4 #ahhe4 p4 #cfb4 ,p4 ,! ,u4,s4 ,c5sus ,report4 ,int]views ) old settl]s4 ,cattle & ,cattle ,fe$+4 ,report ( ,bu4 ( ,an4 ,ind4 #ahhe4 p4 #cfe4 ,cattle ,fe$+ ,indu/ry4 ,wallace's ,f>m]4 #aiac4 ,!sis by ,g>v]3 ,hi/ory ( ,dairy ,indu/ry 9 ,ill9ois4 ,! ,bre$]'s ,gazette4 ,july4 #aiac2 ,feb4 #ahid4 ,lecture by ,pr(essor ,rusk4 ,*icago ,m>ket4 ,facts & ,figures by ,wood ,bro!rs1 ,live ,/ock ,commission ,m]*ants1 ,*icago4 #aijf4 ,report ( ,bu4 ( ,an4 ,ind4 #ahhd4 ,! ,prairie ,f>m]4 #ahhg4 p4 #afj4 ,life ( ,tom ,c4 ,pont+4 ,sci5tific ,am]ican4 ,! ,meat ,indu/ry ( ,am]ica4 #aiji4 ,bu4 ( ,an4 ,ind4 ,report4 #ahhe-hf4 ,cattle ,b>ons & ,pione] ,drov]s4 ,bu4 ( ,an4 ,ind4 ,report4 #ahhe4 ,! 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