,illu/ration3 ,to ! ,,lov]s ,,( ,,home ,,?is ,little ,manual ,,( ,,amus+ ,,ph5om5a ,,= ,family ,recreation ,,is ,,respectfully ,d$icat$ ,illu/ration3 ,,p>l\r ,,magic ,,revis$ ,,& ,,improv$4 ,,philadelphia3 ,h4 ,,p]k9s1 #acd ,,*e/nut ,,/reet4 ,,mdcccxxxviii4 ,,ent]$1 accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahch1 by ,,h5ry ,,p]k9s1 9 ! ,cl]k's (fice ( ! ,di/rict ,c\rt = ! ,ea/]n ,di/rict ( ,p5nsylvania4 ,pr9t$ by ,haswell1 ,b>r+ton1 & ,haswell4 ,illu/ration3 ,,preface4 ,to furni% ! +5i\s y\? ) ! means ( reliev+ ! t$i\sness ( a long w9t]'s or a wet summ]'s ev5+1--to enable him to provide = a p>ty ( juv5ile fri5ds1 in/ructive z well z recreative ent]ta9m5t1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to any ( ! vulg> modes ( kill+ "t1--to qualify ! h]o ( 8 little circle to div]t & a/oni% 8 fri5ds1 &1 at ! same "t1 to improve himself1 are ! pr9cipal objects ( ! foll[+ little ,"w4 ,! boy ^: wond] & curiosity h be5 excit$ by ! exp]im5ts ( ! sci5tific lectur]1 or ! illusions ( ! v5triloqui/1 w "h f9d _m ( ^! my/]ies unveil$1 & pla9 directions = p]=m+ !m1 dive/$1 z f> z possible1 ( sci5tific or te*nical language4 ,_m ( ! descriptions are /rictly orig9al1 & n[1 = ! fir/ "t1 appe> 9 pr9t2 & especial c>e has be5 tak5 to introduce only su* ,exp]im5ts z are adapt$ = p]=mance at ! p>l\r or draw+-room table1 or fire-side1 & su* z are practicable )\t exp5sive *emical or me*anical app>atus1 & require no implem5ts beyond ^? :i* any +5i\s y\? may readily furni% f 8 own res\rces1 or at a trifl+ exp5se4 ,ano!r object ( ^! pages is to in=m1 )\t be+ dryly sci5tific1--by imp>t+ int]e/+ facts1 to /imulate ! "y exp]im5tali/ to inquire into ! laws t regulate !m1--by aid+ him to acquire dext]ity ( practice1 to smoo? ! road to ! developm5t ( pr9ciples1--&1 above all1 to enable him to escape an imputation :i* e boy ( _s w\ld consid] ! dep? ( disgrace1--t ( be+ 8,no ,conjuror60 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,cont5ts4 ,transmutations4 ,page ,! ,spectral ,lamp #a ,curi\s ,*ange ( ,col\rs #b ,! ,protean ,light #b ,! ,*ameleon ,fl[]s #c ,to *ange ! ,col\rs ( ,fl[]s #c ,*anges ( ! ,poppy #c ,to *ange ! ,col\r ( a ,rose #d ,light *ang+ ,:ite into ,black #d ,! ,visibly gr[+ ,acorn #d ,*anges 9 ,sap-,gre5 #e ,to revive app>5tly dead ,plants #e ,s+ul> effect ( ,te>s #e ,beauties ( ,cry/allization #e ,to cry/allize ,camphor #g ,cry/alliz$ ,t9 #g ,cry/als 9 h>d ,wat] #g ,v>ieties ( ,cry/als #g ,heat f ,cry/allization #h ,spl5did ,sublimation #h ,artificial ,ice #h ,magic ,inks #h ,*ameleon ,liquids #i ,! ,magic ,dyes #i ,w9e *ang$ into ,wat] #aj ,two col\rless transp>5t ,liquids become black & opaque #aj ,two col\rless ,fluids make a col\r$ "o #aj ,*ange ( col\r by col\rless ,fluids #aj ,to *ange a ,blue ,liquid to ,:ite #aa ,v]itable 8,black0 ,tea #aa ,re/oration ( ,col\r by ,wat] #aa ,! ,magic ,writ+ #ab ,two ,liquids make a ,solid #ab ,two ,solids make a ,liquid #ab ,a solid opaque mass made a transp>5t ,liquid #ab ,two cold ,liquids make a hot "o #ab ,quadruple ,transmutation #ac ,qu9tuple ,transmutation #ac ,comb9ation ( ,col\rs #ac ,union ( two ,metals )\t ,heat #ac ,magic ,brea? #ac ,two ,bitt]s make a ,sweet #ad ,visible & ,invisible #ad ,sight & ,s\nd4 ,artificial ,mirage #ag ,motion ( ! ,eye #ah ,s+le ,vision ) two ,eyes #ai ,two objects se5 z "o #ai ,only "o object c be se5 at a "t #bj ,/raight objects se5 crook$ #bj ,optical ,illusion #ba ,p9-hole ,focus #ba ,optical ,deceptions #bb ,accuracy ( ,sight #bb ,visual ,deception #bc ,h&writ+ ^u ! ,wall #bc ,imitative ,haloes #bc ,to read a ,co9 9 ! d>k #bd ,to make a ,prism #bd ,optical ,augm5tation #be ,gold ,fi% 9 a glass ,globe #bf ,col\rs produc$ by ! unequal action ( ,light ^u ! ,eyes #bf ,optical ,deception #bg ,col\r$ ,%ad[s #bg ,col\rs ( ,scrat*es #bg ,ocul> ,spectra #bh ,beautiful ,col\rs ( ,"m ( ,pe>l #bh ,:ite ,lett]s se5 fur!r ?an ,black #bi ,artificial ,ra9b[ #bi ,fr+e ab\t a ,c&le #bi ,! ,d\ble ,col\r$ ,reflection #cj ,lum9\s ,cross #cj ,r+ ( ,col\rs r\nd a ,c&le #cj ,simple & ,*eap ,op]a-glass #ca ,multiply+ ,!atres #ca ,app>atus = ,writ+ 9 ! ,d>k #cb ,portable ,microscope #cc ,! ,ph5aki/iscope or ,/roboscope #cd ,to look at ! ,sun )\t injury #ce ,brilliant ,wat] ,mirror #ce ,optical ,illusion "u ,wat] #ce ,! ,magic ,:eels #cf ,ac\/ic ,ra9b[ #cg ,transmission ( ,s\nd #cg ,progress ( ,s\nd #ci ,s\nd turn+ ,corn]s #ci ,to tell ! di/ance ( ,?und] #dj ,he>+ by ! ,t\* #dj ,conv]sation = ! ,deaf #dj ,glass brok5 by ! ,voice #da ,figures produc$ by ,s\nd #da ,transmitt$ ,vibration #db ,d\ble ,vibration #db ,*ampagne & ,s\nd #db ,music f ,palisades #dc ,!ory ( ! ,jew's ,h>p #dc ,music ( ! ,snail #dd ,to tune a ,guit> )\t ! assi/ance ( ! ,e> #dd ,music f ,glass or ,metal ,rods #dd ,! ,tun+-=k a ,flute-play] #de ,musical ,bottles #df ,!ory ( ,:isp]+ #df ,!ory ( ! ,voice #df ,s\nd along a ,wall #dg ,s\nds m audible by ,night ?an by ,day #dg ,musical ,e*o #dg ,v5triloquism #dh ,light & ,heat4 ,fla%es ( ,light ^u revolv+ ,:eels #ec ,decomposition ( ,light #ed ,sol> ,refraction #ed ,incantations #ee ,to imitate ! ,light ( ! ,sea #ee ,in/antane\s ,lights #ef ,to col\r ! ,flame ( a ,c&le #eg ,to divide ! ,flame ( a ,c&le #eg ,cane ,wick ,lamp #eh ,camphor & ,plat9um ,lamp #eh ,plat9um & ,e!r ,lamp #eh ,float+ ,light #ei ,sub/itute = a ,wax ,tap] #ei ,phosphoresc5t ,fi% #ei ,! ,lum9\s ,spectre #ei ,light1 a ,pa9t] #fj ,effect ( ,light ^u ,cry/allization #fj ,effect ( ,light on ,plants #fj ,in/antane\s ,light ^u ,ice #fa ,:ite ,light f ,z9c #fa ,brilliant ,light f two ,metals #fa ,brilliant ,light f ,/eel #fa ,light$ ,t9 #fb ,light f ,gilt ,buttons #fb ,light f a ,fl[] #fb ,light f ,sug> #fb ,light f ! ,potato #fc ,light f ! ,oy/] #fc ,light f ,d]by%ire ,sp> #fc ,light f ,oy/]-%ells #fd ,r+s ( ,light 9 ,cry/al #fd ,to /rike ,light ) ,cane #fd ,cause ( ,transp>5cy #fd ,transp>5cy ( ,gold #fe ,t9t *ang$ by ,?ickness #fe ,%ad[s made d>k] by increas$ ,light #fe ,m9iature ,?und] & ,lightn+ #ff ,! ,burn+ ,glass #ff ,magic ( ,heat #ff ,repulsion by ,heat #fg ,heat pass+ ?r\gh ,glass #fh ,metals unequally influ5c$ by ,heat #fh ,spontane\s ,combu/ion #fi ,inequality ( ,heat 9 ,fire irons #fi ,expansion ( ,metal by ,heat #fi ,evaporation ( a ,metal #fi ,a ,float+ ,metal on ,fire #gj ,heat & ,cold f ,flannel #gj ,ice melt$ by ,air #gj ,to hold a hot ,tea-kettle on ! ,h& #gj ,incombu/ible ,l95 #ga ,! ,burn+ ,circle #ga ,wat] ( diff]5t ,temp]atures 9 ! same ,vessel #ga ,w>m? ( diff]5t ,col\rs #ga ,sub/itute = ,fire #gb ,gas & ,/eam4 ,laugh+ ,gas #ge ,! ,lum9\s ,w& #gf ,to make ,c>bonic ,acid ,gas #gf ,c>bonic ,acid ,gas 9 ,w9e or ,be] ,vessels #gf ,to ext+ui% ,flame ) ,gas #gg ,effect ( ,hydrog5 on ! ,voice #gg ,magic ,tap] #gh ,! ,gas ,c&le #gh ,gas ,bubbles #gh ,gas-light 9 ! day-"t #gi ,m9iature ,balloons #gi ,m9iature ,gas-light+ #gi ,musical ,gas #hj ,m9iature ,w o'-!-wisp #ha ,phosphoric ,illum9ation #ha ,combu/ion ( ,iron 9 ,oxyg5 ,gas #ha ,gl[-worm 9 ,oxyg5 ,gas #hb ,lum9\s ,*>coal #hb ,brilliant ,combu/ion 9 ,oxyg5 #hb ,flame f ,cold ,metals #hc ,phosphorus 9 ,*lor9e #hc ,ca\t*\c ,balloons #hd ,to increase ! ,light ( ,coal ,gas #hd ,gas f ,indian ,rubb] #hd ,e!r ,gas #he ,magic ,vap\r #he ,gas f ! union ( ,metals #he ,invisible ,gases made ,visible #hf ,light "u ,wat] #hf ,gase\s ,evanesc5ce #hf ,violet-col\r$ ,gas #hf ,to collect ,gases #hg ,! ,deflagrat+ ,spoon #hg ,:at is ,/eam8 #hg ,! ,/eam ,eng9e simplifi$ #hh ,to boil ,wat] by ,/eam #hh ,di/illation 9 ,m9iature #hi ,c&le or ,fire ,crack]s #hi ,/eam f ! ,kettle #hi ,fire1 ,wat]1 & ,air4 ,col\r$ ,flames #ic ,yell[ ,flame #id ,orange-col\r$ ,flame #id ,em]ald ,gre5 ,flame #id ,in/antane\s ,flame #id ,! ,cup ( ,flame #ie ,to cool ,flame by ,metal #ie ,pro( t ,flame is ,holl[ #ie ,camphor sublim$ by ,flame #ie ,gre5 ,fire #if ,brilliant ,r$ ,fire #if ,purple ,fire #if ,silv] ,fire #ig ,! ,fi]y ,f\nta9 #ig ,! ,artificial ,conflagration #ig ,inflammable ,p[d] #ig ,combu/ion )\t ,flame #ih ,combu/ion ( ,?ree ,metals #ih ,to make ,pap] ,incombu/ible #ih ,s+ul> ,exp]im5ts ) ,glass ,tubes #ih ,aquatic ,bomb #ii ,heat n to be e/imat$ by ,t\* #ii ,flame ^u ,wat] #ajj ,rose-col\r$ ,flame on ,wat] #ajj ,to set a ,mixture on ,fire ) ,wat] #ajj ,waves ( ,fire on ,wat] #ajj ,explosion 9 ,wat] #aja ,wat] f ! ,flame ( a ,c&le #aja ,=mation ( ,wat] by ,fire #aja ,boil+ ^u ,cold ,wat] #aja ,curr5ts 9 ,boil+ ,wat] #ajb ,hot ,wat] light] ?an ,cold #ajb ,expansion ( ,wat] by ,cold #ajb ,! ,cup ( ,tantalus #ajc ,imitative ,div+ ,bell #ajc ,! ,wat]-pro( ,sieve #ajd ,m ?an full #ajd ,to cause ,w9e & ,wat] to *ange places #ajd ,pyramid ( ,alum #ajd ,visible ,vibration #aje ,*>coal 9 ,sug> #ajf ,float+ ,ne$les #ajf ,wat] 9 a ,sl+ #ajf ,attraction 9 a ,glass ( ,wat] #ajf ,to prev5t ,cork float+ 9 ,wat] #ajg ,in/antane\s ,freez+ #ajg ,to freeze ,wat] ) ,e!r #ajg ,production ( ,nitre #ajh ,curi\s ,transposition #ajh ,animal ,b>omet] #ajh ,magic ,soap #ajh ,equal ,pressure ( ,wat] #aji ,to empty a ,glass "u ,wat] #aji ,to empty a ,glass ( ,wat] )\t t\*+ x #aji ,decomposition ( ,wat] #aaj ,wat] heavi] ?an ,w9e #aaj ,to inflate a ,bladd] )\t ,air #aaj ,air & ,wat] ,balloon #aaj ,heat$ ,air ,balloon #aaa ,! ,pneumatic ,t9d]-box #aaa ,! ,bac*us ,exp]im5t #aaa ,! ,my/]i\s ,circles #aab ,pr9ce ,rup]t's ,drops #aad ,vegetable ,hygromet] #aad ,! ,pneumatic ,danc] #aae ,! ,asc5d+ ,snake #aaf ,! ,pneumatic ,phial #aaf ,res9 ,bubbles #aag ,moi/ure ( ! ,atmosph]e #aag ,climates ( a ,room #aag ,bubbles 9 ,*ampagne #aah ,pro(s t ,air is a heavy ,fluid #aah ,to support a ,pea on ,air #aai ,pyrophorus1 or ,air-t9d] #aai ,beauty ( a ,soap-bubble #abj ,:y a ,gu9ea falls m quickly ?an a ,fea!r ?r\gh ! ,air #aba ,solidity ( ,air #abb ,brea?+ & ,smell+ #abb ,sleights & ,subtleties4 ,! ,r+ & ! ,h&k]*ief #abg ,! ,knott$ ,h&k]*ief #abh ,! ,invisible ,spr+s #acj ,! ,miracul\s ,apple #aca ,! ,self-balanc$ ,pail #acb ,! ,phantom at comm& #acb ,! ,miracul\s ,%ill+ #acd ,! ,locomotive ,%ill+ #ace ,! ,p5etrative ,sixp5ce #acf ,! ,vani%+ ,sixp5ce #acf ,to make a ,sixp5ce balance & sp9 on its edge on ! po9t ( a ,ne$le #acg ,! ,multiply+ ,co9 #acg ,! ,magic ,rat ,trap #acg ,! ,velocity ( ,motion #ach ,! ,explod+ ,bubble #aci ,! ,magic ,picture #aci ,artificial ,lightn+ #adj ,?ree objects disc]nible only ) bo? ,eyes #adj ,to tell by a ,wat* ,dial ! ,h\r :5 a ,p]son int5ds to rise #adj ,to make a ,r+ susp5d by a ,?read1 aft] ! ,?read has be5 burn$ #ada ,to melt a piece ( ,money 9 a ,walnut-%ell )\t injur+ ! ,%ell #ada ,! ,magical ,mirrors #adb ,! ,en*ant$ ,bottle #adc ,! ,arm$ ,app>ition #adc ,to extract ! ,silv] out ( a ,r+ t is ?ickly ,gild$1 s t ! ,gold may rema9 entire #add ,curi\s ,exp]im5t ) a ,glass ( ,wat] #add ,a ,lum9\s ,bottle1 :i* w %[ ! ,h\r on a ,wat* 9 ! ,d>k #add ,! ,wond]ful ,hat #ade ,to br+ a ,p]son d[n ^u a ,fea!r #ade ,! ,app>5t ,impossibility #adf ,an ,omelet cook$ 9 a ,hat ov] ! ,flame ( a ,c&le #adf ,! ,impossible ,omelet #adg ,g if y c #adg ,! ,figure ,puzzle #adg ,! ,visible ,invisible #adg ,! ,d\ble ,mean+ #adh ,q tir$ out #adh ,some?+ out ( ! ,common #adh ,to rub "o ,sixp5ce into two #adi ,magic ,circle #adi ,melange4 ,illusions ( ,t\* #aec ,illusion ( ! ,ta/e #aed ,! ,g5]al ,blea*] #aed ,influ5ce ( col\r$ ,glass on bulb\s ,roots #aee ,! ,sp9n+-top 8asleep0 #aee ,to judge ( ,weights #aef ,quicksilv] & ,oil unit$ #aef ,to dissolve ! ,soda 9 ,glass #aef ,wat]pro( ,pap] #aeg ,to ,dissolve ,gold or ,plat9um #aeg ,cold] ?an ,ice #aeg ,contra-cry/allization #aeg ,"o & "o d n make two #aeh ,to copy ,writ+ in/antly #aeh ,! ,rival ,dials #aeh ,to sp9 ,indian ,rubb] #aeh ,indelible ,writ+ #aei ,vegetable ,anatomy #aei ,to tell :at o',clock x is by ! ,moon #afj ,! ,physiognotype #afa ,inf9ite ,divisibility ( ,matt] #afa ,hold+ ! ,brea? #afb ,s& 9 ! ,h\r-,glass #afb ,resi/ance ( ,s& #afc ,glass brok5 by ,s& #afd ,to blea* ,ivory #afd ,vani%+ ,%ells #afd ,! ,magic ,egg #afd ,! ,magic ,:irlpool #afe ,magic ,porcela9 #afg ,a ,galvanic ,tongue #afh ,dr9k+ ,port] out ( ,pewt] #afh ,electric or ,galvanic ,pres]vation #afh ,light f ! ,diamond #afi ,to break a ,/one ) a bl[ ( ! ,fi/ #afi ,mimic ,fro/-"w #afi ,to melt ,lead 9 a piece ( ,pap] #agj ,hydro/atic ,balance #agj ,metallic ,r$uction #aga ,electrical ,attraction & ,repulsion #aga ,al*emical ,electricity #agb ,! ,electric ,balls #agc ,! ,electric ,dance #agc ,electric ,light #agc ,electric ,light f ,br[n ,pap] #agd ,sudd5 ,production ( ,light #agd ,electricity ( ! ,cat #agd ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,transmutations4 ,illu/ration ,,transmutations4 ,,! ,,spectral ,,lamp4 ,,mix "s common salt ) _s ( w9e 9 a plat9um or metallic cup2 set ! cup ^u a wire frame ov] a _s-lamp1 :i* %\ld be inclos$ on ea* side1 or 9 a d>k-lant]n3 :5 ! cup becomes heat$1 & ! _s ignit$1 x w burn ) a /rong yell[ flame2 if1 h[ev]1 x %\ld n be p]fectly yell[1 ?r[ m salt into ! cup4 ,! lamp be+ ?us prep>$1 all o!r lights %\ld be ext+ui%$1 & ! yell[ lamp introduc$1 :5 an appall+ *ange w be exhibit$2 all ! objects 9 ! room w be b ( "o col\r1 & ! complexions ( ! sev]al p]sons1 :e!r old or "y1 fair or brunette1 w be metamorphos$ to a gha/ly1 dea?-l yell[2 :il/ ! gaye/ dresses1 z ! brighte/ crimson1 ! *oice/ lilac1 ! mo/ vivid blue or gre5--all w be *ang$ into "o monotony ( yell[3 ea* p]son w be incl9$ to laugh at 8 neighb\r1 himself ins5sible ( be+ "o ( ! spectral company4 ,_! a/oni%m5t may be height5$ by remov+ ! yell[ light to "o end ( ! room1 & re/or+ ! usual or :ite light at ! o!r2 :5 "o side ( ea* p]son's dress w resume its orig9al col\r1 :ile ! o!r w rema9 yell[2 "o *eek may be> ! bloom ( heal?1 & ! o!r1 ! yell[ ( jaundice4 ,or if1 :5 ! yell[ light only is burn+1 ! :ite light be introduc$ )9 a wire sieve1 ! company & ! objects 9 ! ap>tm5t w appe> yell[1 mottl$ ) :ite4 ,r$ light may be produc$ by mix+ ) ! _s 9 ! cup ov] ! lamp1 salt ( /rontian in/ead ( common salt2 & ! effect ( ! :ite or yell[ lights1 if introduc$ ?r\gh a sieve ^u ! r$ light1 w be ev5 m /rik+ ?an ! :ite ^u ! yell[ light4 ,,curi\s ,,*ange ,,( ,,col\rs4 ,let !re be no o!r light ?an a tap] 9 ! room2 !n put on a pair ( d>k gre5 spectacles1 & hav+ clos$ "o eye1 view ! tap] ) ! o!r4 ,sudd5ly remove ! spectacles1 & ! tap] w assume a bright r$ appe>ance2 b1 if ! spectacles be in/antly replac$1 ! eye w be unable to di/+ui% any ?+ = a second or two4 ,! ord] ( col\rs w1 !re=e1 be z foll[s3--gre51 r$1 gre51 black4 ,,! ,,protean ,,light4 ,soak a cotton wick 9 a /rong solution ( salt & wat]1 dry x1 place x 9 a _s lamp1 &1 :5 lit1 x w give a bright yell[ light = a long "t4 ,if y look ?r\gh a piece ( blue glass at ! flame1 x w lose all its yell[ light1 & y w only p]ceive feeble violet rays4 ,if1 be=e ! blue glass1 y place a pale yell[ glass1 ! lamp w be absolutely invisible1 ?\gh a c&le may be di/9ctly se5 ?r\gh ! same glasses4 ,,! ,,*ameleon ,,fl[]s4 ,trim a _s-lamp1 add a little salt to ! wick1 & light x4 ,set ne> x1 a sc>let g]anium1 & ! fl[] w appe> yell[4 ,purple col\rs1 9 ! same light1 appe> blue4 ,,to ,,*ange ,,! ,,col\rs ,,( ,,fl[]s4 ,hold ov] a light$ mat*1 a purple columb9e1 or a blue l>kspur1 & x w *ange fir/ to p9k1 & !n to black4 ,! yell[ ( o!r fl[]s1 held z above1 w cont9ue un*ang$4 ,?us1 ! purple t9t w in/antly disappe> f a he>t's-ease1 b ! yell[ w rema92 & ! yell[ ( a wall-fl[] w cont9ue ! same1 ?\gh ! br[n /reak w be dis*>g$4 ,if a sc>let1 crimson1 or m>oon dahlia be tri$1 ! col\r w *ange to yell[2 a fact kn[n to g>d5]s1 :o by ?is mode1 v>iegate _! gr[+ dahlias4 ,,*anges ,,( ,,! ,,poppy4 ,"s fl[]s :i* are r$1 become blue by m]ely bruis+ !m4 ,?us1 if ! petals ( ! common corn-poppy be rubb$ ^u :ite pap]1 !y w /a9 x purple1 :i* may be made gre5 by wa%+ x ov] ) a /rong solution ( pota% 9 wat]4 ,put poppy petals into v dilute muriatic acid1 & ! infusion w be ( a florid r$ col\r2 by add+ a little *alk1 x w become ! col\r ( port w9e2 & ?is t9t1 by ! addition ( pota%1 may be *ang$ to gre5 or yell[4 ,,to ,,*ange ,,! ,,col\r ,,( ,a ,,rose4 ,hold a r$ rose ov] ! blue flame ( a common mat*1 & ! col\r w be dis*>g$ :]ev] ! fume t\*es ! leaves ( ! fl[]1 s z to r5d] x beautifully v>iegat$1 or entirely :ite4 ,if x be !n dipp$ into wat]1 ! r$ness1 aft] a "t1 w be re/or$4 ,,light ,,*ang+ ,,:ite ,,into ,,black4 ,write ^u l95 ) p]man5t ink1 7:i* is a /rong solution ( nitrate ( silv]17 & ! *>act]s w be sc>cely visible2 remove ! l95 into a d>k room1 & !y w n *ange2 b expose !m to a /rong light1 & !y w be indelibly black4 ,,! ,,visibly ,,gr[+ ,,acorn4 ,cut a circul> piece ( c>d to fit ! top ( a hyac9? glass1 s z to re/ ^u ! l$ge1 & exclude ! air4 ,pi]ce a hole ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! c>d1 & pass ?r\gh x a /rong ?read1 hav+ a small piece ( wood ti$ to "o end1 :i*1 re/+ transv]sely on ! c>d1 prev5ts its be+ drawn ?r\gh4 ,to ! o!r end ( ! ?read atta* an acorn2 &1 hav+ half fill$ ! glass ) wat]1 susp5d ! acorn at a %ort di/ance f ! surface4 ,illu/ration ,! glass mu/ be kept 9 a w>m room2 &1 9 a few days1 ! /eam :i* has g5]at$ 9 ! glass w hang f ! acorn 9 a l>ge drop4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 ! acorn w bur/1 ! root w protrude & ?ru/ itself into ! wat]2 &1 9 a few days m1 a /em w %oot out at ! o!r end1 &1 ris+ upw>ds1 w press aga9/ ! c>d1 9 :i* an orifice mu/ be made to all[ x to pass ?r\gh4 ,f ?is /em1 small leaves w soon be obs]v$ to spr\t2 &1 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks1 y w h a h&some oak plant1 sev]al in*es 9 height4 ,,*anges ,,9 ,,sap ,,gre54 ,sap gre5 is ! inspissat$ juice ( ! buck?orn b]ries3 if a little c>bonate ( soda be dropp$ into x1 ! col\r w be *ang$ f gre5 to yell[2 x may be r$d5$ by acids1 & its gre5 col\r re/or$ by *alk4 ,,to ,,revive ,,app>5tly ,,dead ,,plants4 ,make a /rong dilution ( camphor 9 _s ( w9e1 :i* add to s(t wat]1 9 ! proportion ( a dram to a p9t4 ,if )]$1 or app>5tly dead plants be put into ?is liquid1 & all[$ to rema9 !re9 f two to ?ree h\rs1 !y w revive4 ,,s+ul> ,,effect ,,( ,,te>s4 ,if te>s are dropp$ on a dry piece ( pap]1 /a9$ ) ! juice ( ! petals ( mall[s or violets1 !y w *ange ! pap] to a p]man5tly gre5 col\r4 ,,beauties ,,( ,,cry/allization4 ,dissolve alum 9 hot wat] until no m c be dissolv$ 9 x2 place 9 x a smoo? glass rod & a /ick ( ! same size2 next day1 ! /ick w be f\nd cov]$ ) cry/als1 b ! glass rod w be free f !m3 9 ?is case1 ! cry/als cl+ to ! r\gh surface ( ! /ick1 b h no hold ^u ! smoo? surface ( ! glass rod4 ,b1 if ! rod be r\gh5$ ) a file at c]ta9 int]vals1 & !n plac$ 9 ! alum & wat]1 ! cry/als w adh]e to ! r\gh surfaces1 & leave ! smoo? bright & cle>4 ,tie "s ?reads ( lamp-cotton irregul>ly ar\nd a copp] wire or glass rod2 place x 9 a hot solution ( blue vitriol1 /rong z above1 & ! ?reads w be cov]$ ) beautiful blue cry/als1 :ile ! glass rod w be b>e4 ,bore a hole ?r\gh a piece ( coke1 & susp5d x by a /r+ f a /ick1 plac$ across a hot solution ( alum2 x w float2 b1 z x becomes load$ ) cry/als1 x w s9k 9 ! solution accord+ to ! l5g? ( ! /r+4 ,gas-coke has mo/ly a smoo?1 %9+1 & almo/ metallic surface1 :i* ! cry/als w avoid1 :ile !y w cl+ only to ! mo/ irregul> & por\s p>ts4 ,if p[d]$ tum]ic be add$ to ! hot solution ( alum1 ! cry/als w be ( a bright yell[2 litmus w cause !m to be ( a bright r$2 logwood w yield purple2 & common writ+ ink1 black2 & ! m muddy ! solution1 ! f9] w be ! cry/als4 ,to keep col\r$ alumn cry/als f break+1 or los+ _! col\r1 place !m "u a glass %ade ) a sauc] ( wat]2 ?is w pres]ve ! atmosph]e moi/1 & prev5t ! cry/als gett+ too dry4 ,if cry/als be =m$ on wire1 !y w be liable to break (f1 f ! expansion & contraction ( ! wire by *anges ( temp]ature4 ,,to ,,cry/allize ,,camphor4 ,dissolve camphor 9 _s ( w9e1 mod]ately heat$1 until ! _s w n dissolve any m2 p\r "s ( ! solution into a cold glass1 & ! camphor w in/antly cry/allize 9 beautiful tree-l =ms1 su* z we see 9 ! %[-glasses ( camphor 9 druggi/s' w9d[s4 ,,cry/alliz$ ,,t94 ,mix half an ounce ( nitric acid1 six drams ( muriatic acid1 & two ounces ( wat]2 p\r ! mixture ^u a piece ( t9 plate previ\sly made hot1 &1 aft] wa%+ x 9 ! mixture1 x w be> a beautiful cry/all9e surface1 9 fea!ry =ms4 ,?is is ! celebrat$ moire metallique1 &1 :5 v>ni%$1 is made into ornam5tal boxes1 c4 ,! figures w v>y accord+ to ! degree ( heat previ\sly giv5 to ! metal4 ,,cry/als ,,9 ,,h>d ,,wat]4 ,hold 9 a w9e-glass ( h>d wat]1 a cry/al ( oxalic acid1 & :ite ?reads w in/antly desc5d ?r\gh ! liquid1 susp5d$ f ! cry/al4 ,,v>ieties ,,( ,,cry/als4 ,make di/9ct solutions ( common salt1 nitre1 & alum2 set !m 9 ?ree sauc]s 9 any w>m place1 & let "p ( ! wat] dry away or evaporate2 !n remove !m to a w>m room4 ,! p>ticles ( ! salts 9 ea* sauc] w beg9 to attract ea* o!r1 & =m cry/als1 b n all ( ! same figure3 ! common salt w yield cry/als ) six squ>e & equal faces1 or sides2 ! nitre1 six-sid$ cry/als2 & ! alum1 eight-sid$ cry/als2 & if ^! cry/als be dissolv$ ov] & ov] aga91 !y w always appe> 9 ! same =ms4 ,,heat ,,f ,,cry/allization4 ,make a /rong solution ( ,epsom salts 9 hot wat]1 & :ile w>m1 bottle x1 cork x closely1 & x w rema9 liquid3 draw out ! cork1 :5 ! salts w imm$iately cry/allize1 & 9 ! process1 ! rema9+ liquid & ! bottle w become v w>m4 ,,spl5did ,,sublimation4 ,put into a flask a small portion ( iod9e2 hold ! flask ov] ! flame ( a _s-lamp1 &1 f ! /ate ( ri* ruby cry/als1 ! iod9e1 on be+ heat$1 w become a ruby-col\r$ transp>5t gas2 b1 9 cool+1 w resume its cry/all9e =m4 ,,artificial ,,ice4 ,mix f\r ounces ( nitrate ( ammonia1 & f\r ounces ( subc>bonate ( soda1 ) f\r ounces ( wat]1 9 a t9 vessel1 & 9 ?ree h\rs ! mixture w produce t5 ounces ( ice4 ,,magic ,,inks4 ,dissolve oxide ( cobalt 9 acetic acid1 to :i* add a little nitre2 write ) ?is solution1 hold ! writ+ to ! fire1 & x w be ( a pale rose col\r1 :i* w disappe> on cool+4 ,dissolve equal p>ts ( sulphate ( copp] & muriate ( ammonia 9 wat]2 write ) ! solution1 & x w give a yell[ col\r :5 heat$1 :i* w disappe> :5 cold4 ,dissolve nitrate ( bismu? 9 wat]2 write ) ! solution1 & ! *>act]s w be invisible :5 dry1 b w become legible on imm]sion 9 wat]4 ,dissolve1 9 wat]1 muriate ( cobalt1 :i* is ( a blui%-gre5 col\r1 & ! solution w be p9k2 write ) x1 & ! *>act]s w be sc>cely visible2 b1 if g5tly heat$1 !y w appe> 9 brilliant gre51 :i* w disappe> z ! pap] cools4 ,,*ameleon ,,liquids4 ,put a small portion ( ! comp\nd call$ m9]al *ameleon into sev]al glasses1 p\r ^u ea* wat] at diff]5t temp]atures1 & ! cont5ts ( ea* glass w exhibit a diff]5t %ade ( col\r4 ,a v hot solution w be ( a beautiful gre5 col\r2 a cold "o1 a deep purple4 ,make a col\rless solution ( sulphate ( copp]2 add to x a little ammonia1 equally col\rless1 & ! mixture w be ( an int5se blue col\r2 add to x a little sulphuric acid1 & ! blue col\r w disappe>2 p\r 9 a little solution ( cau/ic ammonia1 & ! blue col\r w be re/or$4 ,?us1 may ! liquor be ?rice *ang$ at pleasure4 ,,! ,,magic ,,dyes4 ,dissolve indigo 9 dilut$ sulphuric acid1 & add to x an equal quantity ( solution ( c>bonate ( potass4 ,if a piece ( :ite clo? be dipp$ 9 ! mixture1 x w be *ang$ to blue2 yell[ clo?1 9 ! same mixture1 may be *ang$ to gre52 r$ to purple1 & blue litmus pap] to r$4 ,ne>ly fill a w9e-glass ) ! juice ( beet-root1 :i* is ( a deep r$ col\r2 add a little lime wat]1 & ! mixture w be col\rless2 dip into x a piece ( :ite clo?1 dry x rapidly1 & 9 a few h\rs1 ! clo? w become r$4 ,,w9e ,,*ang$ ,,into ,,wat]4 ,mix a little solution ( subacetate ( lead ) port w9e2 filt] ! mixture ?r\gh blott+ pap]1 & a col\rless liquid w pass ?r\gh2 to ?is add a small quantity ( dry salt ( t>t>1 :5 a _s w rise1 :i* may be inflam$ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,,two ,,col\rless ,,transp>5t ,,liquids ,,become ,,black ,,& ,,opaque4 ,h 9 "o vessel "s sulphuric acid1 & 9 ano!r an infusion ( nut-galls2 !y are bo? col\rless & transp>5t2 mix !m1 & !y w become black & opaque4 ,,two ,,col\rless ,,fluids ,,make ,a ,,col\r$ ,,"o4 ,put into a w9e-glass ( wat]1 a few drops ( prussiate ( pota%2 & into a second glass ( wat]1 a little weak solution ( sulphate ( iron 9 wat]3 p\r ! col\rless mixtures toge!r into a tumbl]1 & !y w be imm$iately *ang$ to a bright deep blue col\r4 ,or1 mix ! solution ( prussiate ( pota% ) t ( nitrate ( bismu?1 & a yell[ w be ! product4 ,or1 mix ! solution ( prussiate ( pota% ) t ( sulphate ( copp]1 & ! mixture w be ( a r$di% br[n col\r4 ,,*ange ,,( ,,col\r ,,by ,,col\rless ,,fluids4 ,?ree diff]5t col\rs may be produc$ f ! same infusion1 m]ely by ! addition ( ?ree col\rless fluids4 ,slice a little r$ cabbage1 p\r boil+ wat] ^u x1 & :5 cold1 decant ! cle> infusion1 :i* divide into ?ree w9e-glasses3 to "o1 add a small quantity ( solution ( alum 9 wat]2 to ! second1 a little solution ( pota% 9 wat]2 & to ! ?ird1 a few drops ( muriatic acid4 ,! liquor 9 ! fir/ glass w assume a purple col\r1 ! second1 a bright gre51 & ! ?ird a ri* crimson4 ,put a dram ( p[d]$ nitrate ( cobalt into a phial conta9+ an ounce ( ! solution ( cau/ic potass2 cork ! phial1 & ! liquid w assume a blue col\r1 next a lilac1 aft]w>ds a pea* col\r1 & la/ly a light r$4 ,,to ,,*ange ,a ,,blue ,,liquid ,,to ,,:ite4 ,dissolve a small lump ( indigo 9 sulphuric acid1 by ! aid ( mod]ate heat1 & y w obta9 an int5se blue col\r3 add a drop ( ?is to half a p9t ( wat]1 s z to dilute ! blue2 !n p\r "s ( x into /rong *loride ( lime1 & ! blue w be blea*$ ) almo/ magical velocity4 ,,v]itable 8,,black0 ,,tea4 ,make a cup ( /rong gre5 tea2 dissolve a little gre5 copp]as 9 wat]1 :i* add to ! tea1 & its col\r w be black4 ,,re/oration ,,( ,,col\r ,,by ,,wat]4 ,wat] be+ a col\rless fluid1 ought1 "o w\ld imag9e1 :5 mix$ ) o!r sub/ances ( no decid$ col\r1 to produce a col\rless comp\nd4 ,nev]!less1 x is to wat] only t blue vitriol1 or sulphate ( copp]1 owes its vivid blu5ess2 z w be pla9ly ev9c$ by ! foll[+ simple exp]im5t4 ,heat a few cry/als ( ! vitriol 9 a fire %ovel1 pulv]ize !m1 & ! p[d] w be ( a dull & dirty :ite appe>ance4 ,p\r a little wat] ^u ?is1 :5 a slight hiss+ noise w be he>d1 & at ! same mom5t1 ! blue col\r w in/antly re-appe>4 ,"u ! microscope1 ! beauty ( ?is exp]im5t w be increas$1 = ! in/ant t a drop ( wat] is plac$ 9 contact ) ! vitriol1 ! p[d] may be se5 to %oot into blue prisms4 ,if a cry/al ( prussiate ( pota% be simil>ly heat$1 its yell[ col\r w vani%1 b re-appe> on be+ dropp$ into wat]4 ,,! ,,magic ,,writ+4 ,dissolve a small portion ( gre5-copp]as 9 wat]1 & soak 9 x %eets ( writ+ pap]1 s z to all[ !m to be tak5 out :ole1 & !n dri$2 !n1 cov] ! pap] ) v f9ely p[d]$ galls1 & write on x ) a p5 dipp$ 9 wat]2 :5 dry1 bru% (f ! galls1 & ! writ+ w appe>4 ,,two ,,liquids ,,make ,a ,,solid4 ,dissolve muriate ( lime 9 wat] until x w dissolve no m2 make also a simil> solution ( c>bonate ( pota%2 bo? w be transp>5t fluids2 b if equal quantities ( ea* be mix$ & /irr$ toge!r1 !y w become a solid mass4 ,,two ,,solids ,,make ,a ,,liquid4 ,rub toge!r 9 a mort>1 equal quantities ( ! cry/als ( ,glaub]'s salts & nitrate ( ammonia1 & ! two salts w sl[ly become a liquid4 ,a ,,solid ,,opaque ,,mass ,,made ,a ,,transp>5t ,,liquid4 ,take ! solid mixture ( ! solutions ( muriate ( lime & c>bonate ( pota%1 p\r ^u x a v little nitric acid1 & ! solid opaque mass w be *ang$ to a transp>5t liquid4 ,,two ,,cold ,,liquids ,,make ,a ,,hot ,,"o4 ,mix f\r drams ( sulphuric acid1 7oil ( vitrol17 ) "o dram ( cold wat]1 sudd5ly1 9 a cup1 & ! mixture w be ne>ly half z hot aga9 z boil+ wat]4 ,,quadruple ,,transmutation4 ,dissolve a small piece ( nickel 9 nitric acid1 & x w appe> ( a f9e grass-gre5 col\r2 add to x a little ammonia1 & a blue precipitate w be =m$2 ?is w *ange to a purple-r$ 9 a few h\rs1 & ! addition ( any acid w conv]t x to an apple-gre54 ,,qu9tuple ,,transmutation4 ,heat potassium ov] ! flame ( a _s-lamp1 & ! col\r w *ange f :ite to a bright azure1 !nce to a bright blue1 gre51 & olive4 ,,comb9ation ,,( ,,col\rs4 ,cut out a disc or circle ( pa/ebo>d1 & cov] x ) pap] half gre5 & half black3 cause ! disc to be rapidly turn$ r\nd1 7l ! %afts ( a toy w9d-mill17 & ! col\rs w comb9e & produce :ite4 ,,union ,,( ,,two ,,metals ,,)\t ,,heat4 ,cut a circul> piece ( gold-leaf1 call$ 8d5ti/'s gold10 ab\t half an in* 9 diamet]2 drop ^u x a globule ( m]cury1 ab\t ! size ( a small pea1 & if !y be left = a %ort "t1 ! gold w lose its solidity & yell[ col\r1 & ! m]cury its liquid =m1 mak+ a s(t mass1 ( ! col\r ( m]cury4 ,,magic ,,brea?4 ,half fill a glass tumbl] ) lime-wat]2 brea! into x frequ5tly1 at ! same "t /irr+ x ) a piece ( glass4 ,! fluid1 :i* be=e 0 p]fectly transp>5t1 w pres5tly become q :ite1 &1 if all[$ to rema9 at re/1 real *alk w be deposit$4 ,,two ,,bitt]s ,,make ,a ,,sweet4 ,x has be5 discov]$1 t a mixture ( nitrate ( silv] ) hypo-sulphate ( soda1 bo? ( :i* are rem>kably bitt]1 w produce ! sweete/ kn[n sub/ance4 ,,visible ,,& ,,invisible4 ,write ) ,fr5* *alk on a look+-glass2 wipe x ) a h&k]*ief1 & ! l9es w disappe>2 brea! on x1 & !y w re-appe>4 ,?is alt]ation w take place = a great numb] ( times1 & aft] ! lapse ( a consid]able p]iod4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,sight ,,s\nd4 ,illu/ration ,,sight ,,& ,,s\nd4 ,,artificial ,,mirage4 ,,! mirage is an optical ph5om5on1 produc$ by ! refractive p[] ( ! atmosph]e4 ,! appe>ance pres5t$ is t ( ! d\ble image ( an object 9 ! air2 "o ( ! images be+ 9 ! natural position1 & ! o!r inv]t$1 s z to resemble a natural object & its image 9 ! wat]4 ,! mirage is commonly v]tical1 or upright1 t is1 pres5t+ ! appe>ance1 above describ$1 ( "o object ov] ano!r1 l a %ip above its %ad[ 9 ! wat]4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 ! image is horizontal1 or ^u ! wat]1 & at o!r times1 x is se5 on ! "r or left h& ( ! real object1 or on bo? sides4 ,all ! effects ( ! mirage may be repres5t$ artificially to ! eye4 ,= ?is purpose1 provide a glass tumbl] two-?irds full ( wat]1 & p\r _s ( w9e ^u x2 or p\r into a tumbl] "s syrup1 & fill x up ) wat]3 z ! wat] & _s1 or ! syrup & wat] incorporate1 !y w produce a refractive p[]2 !n1 by look+ ?r\gh ! mix$ or int]m$iate liquids at any object held beh9d ! tumbl]s1 its inv]t$ image may be se54 ,! same effect1 ,dr4 ,wallo/on has %[n1 may be produc$1 by look+ along ! side ( a r$-hot pok] at a ^w or object t5 or twelve feet di/ant4 ,at a di/ance less ?an ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* f ! l9e ( ! pok]1 an inv]t$ image 0 se52 & )9 & )\t t1 an erect image4 ,! above ph5om5a may likewise be illu/rat$1 by hold+ a heat$ iron above a tumbl] ( wat]1 until ! :ole becomes *ang$2 !n )draw ! iron1 &1 ?r\gh ! wat]1 ! ph5om5a ( ! mirage may be se5 9 ! f9e/ mann]4 ,or1 look directly above ! flame ( a c&le1 or ov] ! glass ( a light$ lamp1 & a tremul\s motion may be obs]v$2 because ! w>m air rises1 & its refract+ p[] be+ less ?an t ( ! cold] air1 ! curr5ts are r5d]$ visible by ! di/ortion ( objects view$ ?r\gh !m4 ,! same effect is obs]vable ov] *imney pots1 & slat$ ro(s :i* h be5 heat$ by ! sun4 ,,motion ,,( ,,! ,,eye4 ,on ent]+ a room1 we imag9e t we see ! :ole side ( x at once1 z ! cornice1 ! patt]n ( ! pap]-hang+1 pictures1 *airs1 c41 b we are deceiv$2 = ea* object is rapidly1 b s+ly pres5t$ to ! eye1 by its con/ant motion4 ,if ! eye 7 /eady1 vision w\ld be lo/4 ,= example1 fix ! eye on "o po9t1 & y w f9d ! :ole sc5e become m & m obscure1 till x vani%es4 ,!n1 if y *ange ! direction ( ! eye ev] s little1 at once ! :ole sc5e w be aga9 p]fect be=e y4 ,,s+le ,,vision ,,) ,,two ,,eyes4 ,z we h two eyes1 & a sep>ate image ( e ext]nal object is =m$ 9 ea*1 x may be ask$1 :y d we n see d\ble8 ,! answ] is1 x is a matt] ( habit4 ,habit alone tea*es u1 t ! s5sations ( sight correspond to any ?+ ext]nal1 & %[s to :at !y correspond4 ,?us1 place a waf] on a table be=e y2 direct y\r eyes to x1 t is1 br+ its image on bo? ret9 to ^? p>ts :i* habit has asc]ta9$ to be ! mo/ s5sible1 & be/ situat$ = see+ di/9ctly1 & y w see only ! s+le waf]4 ,b1 :ile look+ at ! waf]1 squeeze ! upp] "p ( "o eye d[nw>ds1 by press+ on ! eyelid ) ! f+]1 & !reby =cibly ?r[ ! image on ano!r "p ( ! ret9a ( t eye1 & d\ble vision w be imm$iately produc$2 t is1 two waf]s w be di/9ctly se51 :i* w appe> to rec$e f ea* o!r z ! pressure is /rong]1 & approa*1 & f9ally bl5d into "o1 z x is reliev$4 ,! same effect maybe produc$ )\t pressure1 by direct+ ! eyes to a po9t ne>] to1 or f>!r f !m1 ?an ! waf]2 ! optic axes1 9 ?is case1 be+ bo? direct$ away f ! object se54 ,,two ,,objects ,,se5 ,,z ,,"o4 ,on a %eet ( black pap]1 or o!r d>k gr\nd1 place two :ite waf]s1 hav+ _! c5tres ?ree in*es di/ant4 ,v]tically above ! pap]1 & to ! left1 look ) ! "r eye1 at twelve in*es f x1 & s t1 :5 look+ d[n on x1 ! l9e jo9+ ! two eyes %all be p>allel to t jo9+ ! c5tre ( ! waf]s4 ,9 ?is situation1 close ! left eye1 & look full ) ! "r p]p5dicul>ly at ! waf] bel[ x1 :5 ?is waf] only w be se51 ! o!r be+ completely invisible4 ,b1 if x be remov$ ev] s little f its place1 ei!r to ! "r or left1 above or bel[1 x w become imm$iately visible1 & />t1 z x 71 into exi/5ce4 ,! di/ances "h set d[n may1 p]haps1 v>y slightly 9 diff]5t eyes4 ,^u ?is curi\s effect1 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el obs]ves3 8,x w cease to be ?\ght s+ul>1 t ?is fact ( ! absolute invisibility ( objects 9 a c]ta9 po9t ( ! field ( view ( ea* eye1 %\ld be "o ( :i* n "o p]son 9 t5 ?\s& is appris$1 :5 we le>n1 t x is n extremely uncommon to f9d p]sons :o h = "s "t be5 totally bl9d ) "o eye1 )\t be+ aw>e ( ! fact40 ,,only ,,"o ,,object ,,c ,,be ,,se5 ,,at ,a ,,"t4 ,look at ! patt]n ( ! pap]-hang+ ( a room1 a picture1 or almo/ any o!r object 9 x2 !n1 )\t alt]+ y\r position1 call to m9d ! magnific5t dome ( ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral2 ! patt]n ( ! pap]-hang+1 or ! subject ( ! picture1 ?\gh actually impress$ on ! ret9a ( ! eye1 w be mom5t>ily lo/ sight ( by ! m9d2 &1 dur+ ! in/ant1 ! recollect$ image ( ! dome ris+ f ! d+y ro(s ( ,london1 w be di/9ctly se51 b 9 indi/9ct col\r+ & outl9e4 ,:5 ! object ( ! recollection is answ]$1 ! dome w quickly disappe>1 & ! pap]-hang+ patt]n1 or ! picture1 aga9 resume ! asc5dancy4 ,,/raight ,,objects ,,se5 ,,crook$4 ,look ?r\gh a s]ies ( v]tical b>s1 z ^? ( a palisade1 or ( a ,v5etian w9d[-bl9d1 at ! :eel ( a c>riage pass+ along ! /reet1 & ! spokes ( ! :eel1 in/ead ( appe>+ /raight1 z !y naturally w\ld d1 if no b>s int]v5$1 seem to be ( a curv$ =m4 ,! velocity ( ! :eel mu/ n be s great z to prev5t ! eye f foll[+ ! spokes z !y revolve4 ,aga91 :5 ! disk ( ! :eel1 in/ead ( be+ m>k$ by a numb] ( radiant l9es1 has only "o radius m>k$ ^u x1 x pres5ts ! appe>ance1 :5 roll$ beh9d ! b>s1 ( a numb] ( radii1 ea* hav+ ! curvature correspond+ to its situation1 _! numb] be+ ! same z t ( ! b>s ?r\gh :i* y look at ! :eel4 ,x is1 !re=e1 evid5t t ! sev]al portions ( "o & ! same l9e1 se5 ?r\gh ! int]vals ( ! b>s1 =m on ! ret9a ( ! eye s _m diff]5t radii4 ,,optical ,,illusion4 ,%ut "o eye1 direct ! o!r to any fix$ po9t1 z ! head ( a p91 & y w indi/9ctly see all o!r objects4 ,suppose "o ( ^! to be a /rip ( :ite pap]1 or a p5 ly+ ^u a table cov]$ ) a gre5 clo?3 ei!r ( !m w disappe> altoge!r1 z if tak5 (f ! table2 = ! impression ( ! gre5 clo? w entirely ext5d itself ov] t "p ( ! ret9a :i* ! image ( ! p5 occupi$4 ,! vani%$ p5 w1 h[ev]1 %ortly re-appe>1 & aga9 vani%2 & ! same effect w take place :5 bo? eyes are op51 ?\gh n s readily z ) "o eye4 ,,p9-,,hole ,,focus4 ,make a p9-hole 9 a c>d1 :i* hold betwe5 a c&le & a piece ( :ite pap]1 9 a d>k room1 :5 an exact repres5tation ( ! flame1 b inv]t$1 w be se5 depict$ ^u ! pap]1 & be enl>g$ z ! pap] is drawn f ! hole2 & if1 9 a d>k room1 a :ite scre5 or %eet ( pap] be ext5d$ at a few feet f a small r\nd hole1 an exact picture ( all ext]nal objects1 ( _! natural col\rs & =ms1 w be se5 trac$ on ! scre52 mov+ objects be+ repres5t$ 9 motion1 & /ation>y ones at re/4 ,,optical ,,deceptions4 ,prick a hole 9 a c>d ) a ne$le2 place ! same ne$le ne> ! eye1 9 a l9e ) ! c>d-hole1 look by daylight at ! end ( ! ne$le1 & x w appe> to be beh9d ! c>d1 & rev]s$4 ,prick a hole ) a p9 9 a black c>d1 place x v ne> ! eye1 look ?r\gh x at any small object1 & x w appe> l>g] z x is ne>] ! eye2 :ile1 if we obs]ve x )\t ! c>d1 x w appe> s5sibly ( ! same magnitude at all p>ts ( ! room4 ,,accuracy ,,( ,,sight4 ,rule a %ort l9e ^u a slate1 & ^u ano!r slate rule ano!r l9e1 "o-elev5? long] ?an ! fir/3 a p]son possess+ :at is call$ 8a true eye10 may p]ceive ! diff]5ce 9 l5g?1 ev5 ?\gh fifty or sixty seconds elapse betwe5 look+ at ! fir/ & ! second l9es4 ,if !y diff] only "o-tw5tie?1 !n an int]val ( ?irty-five seconds may elapse )\t de/roy+ ! judgm5t2 b1 if x be long]1 ! e/imate w be incorrect4 ,:5 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! l9es am\nts only to "o-fiftie?1 an int]val ( ?ree seconds betwe5 ! exam9ation ( ea*1 is ! longe/ t c be all[$ )\t int]f]+ ) ! correctness ( ! comp>ison4 ,,visual ,,deception4 ,let a room be only lit by ! feeble gleam ( a fire1 almo/ ext+ui%$1 & ! eye w see ) difficulty ! objects 9 ! ap>tm5t1 f ! small degree ( light ) :i* !y happ5 to be illum9at$4 ,! m ex]tion is made to asc]ta9 :at ^! objects are1 z by fix+ ! eye m /eadily ^u !m1 ! great] w be ! difficulty 9 accompli%+ x4 ,! eye w be pa9fully agitat$1 ! object w swell & contract1 & p>tly disappe>1 b w aga9 become visible :5 ! eye has recov]$ f its delirium4 ,,h&-,,writ+ ,,^u ,,! ,,wall4 ,cut ! ^w or words to be %[n1 out ( a ?ick c>d or pa/ebo>d1 place x be=e a light$ lamp1 & ! writ+ w be di/9ctly se5 ^u ! wall ( ! ap>tm5t4 ,,imitative ,,haloes4 ,look at a c&le1 or any o!r lum9\s body1 ?r\gh a plate ( glass1 cov]$ ) vap\r1 or du/ 9 a f9ely divid$ /ate1 & x w be surr\nd$ ) a r+ ( col\rs1 l a halo r\nd ! sun or moon4 ,^! r+s increase ) ! size ( ! p>ticles :i* produce !m2 & _! brilliancy & numb] dep5d on ! uni=m size ( ^! p>ticles4 ,or1 haloes may be imitat$ by cry/alliz+ v>i\s salts ^u ?9 plates ( glass1 & look+ ?r\gh ! plate at a c&le or ! sun4 ,= example1 spread a few drops ( a /rong solution ( alum ov] a plate ( glass s z to cry/allize quickly1 & cov] x ) a cru/ sc>cely visible to ! eye4 ,!n place ! eye close beh9d ! smoo? side ( ! glass plate1 look ?r\gh x at a c&le1 & y w p]ceive ?ree f9e haloes at diff]5t di/ances1 encircl+ ! flame4 ,,to ,,read ,a ,,co9 ,,9 ,,! ,,d>k4 ,by ! foll[+ simple me?od1 ! leg5d or inscription ^u a co9 may be read 9 absolute d>kness4 ,poli% ! surface ( any silv] co9 z highly z possible2 t\* ! rais$ p>ts ) aqua-=tis1 s z to make !m r\gh1 tak+ c>e t ! p>ts n rais$ reta9 _! poli%4 ,place ! co9 ?us prep>$ ^u r$-hot iron1 remove x into a d>k room1 & ! figure & inscription w become m lum9\s ?an ! re/1 & may be di/9ctly se5 & read by ! spectator4 ,if ! l[] p>ts ( ! co9 be r\gh5$ ) ! acid1 & ! rais$ p>ts be poli%$1 ! effect w be rev]s$1 & ! figure & inscription w appe> d>k1 or black ^u a light or :ite gr\nd4 ,?is exp]im5t w be m surpris+ if made ) an old co91 f :i* ! figure & inscription h be5 oblit]at$2 =1 :5 ! co9 is plac$ ^u ! r$-hot iron1 ! figure & inscription may be di/9ctly read ^u a surface :i* _h hi!rto appe>$ blank4 ,?is exp]im5t may be made ) small co9s ^u a heat$ pok]1 a flat iron1 or a salam&]4 ,! effect w be m p]fect if ! r$-hot iron be conceal$ f ! eye ( ! spectator3 ?is may be done by plac+ ^u ! iron a piece ( black5$ t91 ) a hole cut out1 ! size ( ! co9 to be heat$4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,prism4 ,provide two small pieces ( w9d[-glass & a lump ( wax4 ,s(t5 & m\ld ! wax1 /ick ! two pieces ( glass ^u x1 s t !y meet1 z 9 ! cut1 :]e w is ! wax1 g & g ! glasses /uck to x1 7,fig4 #a47 ,! end view 7,fig4 #b7 w %[ ! angle1 a1 at :i* ! pieces ( glass meet2 into :i* angle put a drop ( wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,to use ! in/rum5t ?us made1 make a small hole1 or a n>r[ horizontal slit1 s t y c see ! sky ?r\gh x1 :5 y /& at "s di/ance f x 9 ! room4 ,or a piece ( pa/ebo>d plac$ 9 ! upp] "p ( ! w9d[-sa%1 ) a slit cut 9 x1 w s]ve ! purpose ( ! hole 9 ! %utt]4 ,! slit %\ld be ab\t "o-t5? ( an in* wide1 & an in* or two long1 ) ev5 edges4 ,!n hold ! prism 9 y\r h&1 place x close to y\r eye1 & look ?r\gh ! drop ( wat]1 :5 y w see a beautiful tra9 ( col\rs1 call$ a spectrum2 at "o end r$1 at ! o!r violet1 & 9 ! middle yell[i% gre54 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,! annex$ figure w bett] expla9 ! direction 9 :i* to look3 "h1 e1 is ! eye ( ! spectator1 p1 is ! prism1 h1 ! hole 9 ! %utt] or pa/ebo>d1 s1 ! spectrum4 ,by a little practice1 y w soon become accu/om$ to look 9 ! "r direction1 & w see ! col\rs v bright & di/9ct4 ,by means ( ?is simple contrivance1 :ite light may be analys$ & prov$ to consi/ ( col\r$ rays1 & sev]al ( its prop]ties be beautifully illu/rat$4 ,,optical ,,augm5tation4 ,take a glass rumm] t is n>r[ at bottom & wide at top1 into :i* put a half-sov]eign1 & fill ! glass ?ree-f\r?s ) wat]2 place on x a piece ( pap]1 & !n a plate1 & turn ! glass upside d[n quickly1 t ! wat] may n escape3 by look+ sideways at ! glass1 y w p]ceive a sov]eign at ! bottom1 & high] up ! half-sov]eign1 float+ ne> ! surface4 ,fill ! glass ) wat]1 & ! l>ge piece only w be visible4 ,,gold ,,fi% ,,9 ,a ,,glass ,,globe4 ,a s+le gold fi% 9 a globe vase1 is (t5 mi/ak5 = two fi%es1 because x is se5 z well by ! light b5t ?r\gh ! upp] surface ( ! wat]1 z by /raight rays pass+ ?r\gh ! side ( ! vase4 ,,col\rs ,,produc$ ,,by ,,! ,,unequal ,,action ,,( ,,light ,,^u ,,! ,,eyes4 ,if we hold a slip ( :ite pap] v]tically1 ab\t a foot f ! eye1 & direct bo? eyes to an object at "s di/ance beyond x1 s z to see ! slip ( pap] d\ble1 !n1 :5 a c&le is br\ght ne> ! "r eye1 s z to act /rongly ^u x1 :ile ! left eye is protect$ f its light1 ! left-h& slip ( pap] w be ( a tol]ably bright gre5 col\r1 :ile ! "r-h& slip ( pap]1 se5 by ! left eye1 w be ( a r$ col\r4 ,if ! "o image ov]laps ! o!r1 ! col\r ( ! ov]lapp+ p>ts w be :ite1 aris+ f a mixture ( ! complem5t>y r$ & gre54 ,:5 equal c&les are held equally ne> to ea* eye1 ea* ( ! images ( ! slip ( pap] is :ite4 ,if1 :5 ! pap] is se5 r$ & gre5 by hold+ ! c&le to ! "r eye1 we quickly take x to ! left eye1 we %all f9d t ! left image ( ! slip ( pap] gradually *anges f gre5 to r$1 & ! "r "o f r$ to gre51 bo? ( !m hav+ ! same t9t dur+ ! "t t ! *ange is go+ on4 ,,optical ,,deception4 ,look /eadily at a c>pet hav+ figures ( "o col\r1 gre51 = example1 ^u a gr\nd ( ano!r col\r1 suppose r$1 & y w sometimes see ! :ole ( ! gre5 patt]n z if ! r$ "o 7 oblit]at$2 & at o!r times1 y w see ! :ole ( ! r$ patt]n1 z if ! gre5 "o 7 oblit]at$4 ,! =m] effect takes place :5 ! eye is /eadily fix$ on ! gre5 "p1 & ! latt]1 :5 x is /eadily fix$ on ! r$ portion4 ,,col\r$ ,,%ad[s4 ,provide two light$ c&les1 & place !m ^u a table be=e a :itewa%$ or light pap]$ wall3 hold be=e "o ( ! c&les a piece ( col\r$ glass1 tak+ c>e to remove to a great] di/ance ! c&le be=e :i* ! col\r$ glass is n plac$1 9 ord] to equalize ! d>kness ( ! two %ad[s4 ,if y use a piece ( gre5 glass1 "o ( ! %ad[s w be gre51 & ! o!r a f9e r$2 if y use blue glass1 "o ( ! %ad[s w be blue1 & ! o!r a pale yell[4 ,,col\rs ,,( ,,scrat*es4 ,an extremely f9e scrat* on a well-poli%$ surface1 may be reg>d$ z hav+ a concave1 cyl9drical1 or1 at lea/1 a curv$ surface1 capable ( reflect+ light 9 all directions2 ?is is evid5t1 = x is visible 9 all directions4 ,h5ce1 a s+le scrat* or furr[ 9 a surface1 may produce col\rs by ! int]f]5ce ( ! rays reflect$ f its opposite edges4 ,exam9e a spid]'s ?read 9 ! sun%9e1 & x w gleam ) vivid col\rs4 ,^! may arise f a simil> cause1 or f ! ?read itself1 z spun by ! animal1 consi/+ ( sev]al ?reads agglut9at$ toge!r1 & ?us pres5t+1 n a cyl9drical1 b a furr[$ surface4 ,,ocul> ,,spectra4 ,"o ( ! mo/ curi\s affections ( ! eye is t1 9 virtue ( :i* x sees :at are call$ ocul> spectra1 or accid5tal col\rs4 ,if we place a r$ waf] on a %eet ( :ite pap]1 &1 clos+ "o eye1 keep ! o!r direct$ = "s "t to ! c5tre ( ! waf]1 !n1 if we turn ! same eye to ano!r "p ( ! pap]1 we %all see a gre5 waf]1 ! col\r ( :i* w cont9ue to gr[ fa9t] & fa9t]1 z we cont9ue to look at x4 ,by us+ diff]5tly col\r$ waf]s1 we obta9 ! foll[+ results3 ,,waf]4 ,,specim54 ,black ,:ite4 ,:ite ,black4 ,r$ ,blui% ,gre54 ,orange ,blue4 ,yell[ ,indigo4 ,gre5 ,violet1 ) a little ,r$4 ,blue ,orange ,r$4 ,indigo ,orange ,yell[4 ,violet ,blui% ,gre54 ,,beautiful ,,col\rs ,,( ,,"m-,,(-,,pe>l4 ,?is sub/ance1 obta9$ f ! %ell ( ! pe>l oy/]1 is mu* admir$ = ! f9e play ( its col\rs4 ,to obs]ve !m accurately1 select a plate ( regul>ly =m$ "m-(-pe>l1 ) its surface ne>ly p>allel1 & gr9d ?is surface ^u a hone1 or ^u a plate ( glass1 ) ! p[d] ( slate1 till ! image ( ! c&le1 reflect$ f ! surfaces1 is ( a dull r$di% :ite col\r1 :5 x w gl[ ) all ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[4 ,! col\rs ( "m-(-pe>l may be communicat$ to s(t black wax2 & to clean surfaces ( lead & t9 by h>d pressure1 or ! bl[ ( a hamm]4 ,or1 dissolve gum arabic1 or is+lass1 9 wat]1 & all[ x to h>d5 ^u a surface ( "m-(-pe>l1 :5 x w take a p]fect impression f x1 & exhibit all ! col\rs 9 ! f9e/ mann]4 ,or1 place ! is+lass betwe5 two f9ely-poli%$ surfaces ( "m-(-pe>l1 & y may obta9 a film ( artificial "m-(-pe>l1 :i*1 :5 se5 by ! light ( a c&le1 or by an ap]ture 9 ! w9d[1 w %9e ) ! brighte/ hues4 ,,:ite ,,lett]s ,,se5 ,,fur!r ,,?an ,,black4 ,pa9t ! same lett]s ( ! same size precisely on two bo>ds1 ! "o :ite on a black gr\nd1 & ! o!r a black on a :ite gr\nd2 ! :ite lett]s w appe> l>g]1 & be read at a great] di/ance ?an ! black4 ,,artificial ,,ra9b[4 ,obs]ve ! v>i\s col\rs :i* are reflect$ f ! glass drops usually susp5d$ f a lu/re or *&eli]1 & y w witness a mimic ra9b[4 ,a ra9b[ may also be made by a g>d5 eng9e1 if ! wat] be ?r[n high 9 ! air1 & ! spectator /& betwe5 x & ! sun4 ,,fr+e ,,ab\t ,a ,,c&le4 ,provide two small pieces ( plate glass1 moi/5 two ( _! sides ) wat]1 & put !m toge!r2 !n look ?r\gh !m at a c&le1 & y w p]ceive ! flame surr\nd$ ) beautifully col\r$ fr+es3 ^! are ! effect ( moi/ure1 int]mix$ ) portions ( air1 & exhibit+ an appe>ance simil> to dew4 ,,! ,,d\ble-,,col\r$ ,,reflection4 ,provide a circul> piece ( col\r$ glass1 & pi]ce its c5tre by means ( a common awl1 well moi/5$ ) oil ( turp5t9e3 encircle ! glass ) ! f+]s & ?umb1 hold x 9 ! sun%9e or ! /rong light ( a lamp1 & ! foll[+ beautiful effects w be produc$4 ,if ! glass be r$1 ! lum9\s spot 9 ! c5tre w be reflect$ gre52 if ! glass be gre51 ! spot w be r$2 if blue1 orange2 & if yell[1 indigo4 ,,lum9\s ,,cross4 ,place a light$ c&le be=e a look+-glass1 & !re w appe> a lum9\s cross radiat+ f ! flame ( ! c&le4 ,?is is produc$ by ! direction ( ! friction by :i* ! glass is poli%$2 ! scrat*es plac$ 9 a horizontal direction1 exhibit+ ! p]p5dicul> "p ( ! cross1 & ! v]tical scrat*es ! horizontal "p4 ,,r+s ,,( ,,col\rs ,,r\nd ,a ,,c&le4 ,look at a c&le ?r\gh a plate ( glass1 ^u :i* y h g5tly brea!d1 or ov] :i* are scatt]$ p>ticles ( du/1 or any f9e p[d]1 & y w p]ceive ! flame surr\nd$ ) beautiful r+s ( col\rs4 ,by us+ ! se$ ( ! lycopodium1 or by plac+ a drop ( blood dilut$ ) wat] betwe5 two pieces ( glass1 ! r+s ( col\r w be /ill m f9ely exhibit$4 ,r\nd ! lum9\s body !re w be se5 a light area1 t]m9at+ 9 a r$di% d>k m>g92 ?is w be succe$$ by a r+ ( blui%-gre51 & !n by a r$ r+2 ^! two la/ col\rs succe$+ ea* o!r sev]al times :5 ! p>ticles are ( uni=m diamet]1 z are ! se$s ( ! lycopodium1 ea* ( :i* is b ! #hej? "p ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,,simple ,,& ,,*eap ,,op]a-,,glass4 ,9 ?is new in/rum5t1 no tubes are necess>y1 z 9 ! ord9>y op]a-glass2 _! place be+ suppli$ by a sl5d] ela/ic conical spr+ ( wire1 into ! upp] extremity ( :i* is ins]t$ ! eye-glass2 ! object-glass be+ fix$ to ! o!r extremity1 z %[n 9 ! engrav+4 ,! two glasses mu/1 ( c\rse1 be kept p>allel to ea* o!r :5 9 use2 :i* is v easily effect$4 ,illu/ration ,9 us+ ?is op]a-glass1 re/ ! f+] & ?umb ( "o h& on ! rim ( ! object-glass1 ,b1 :il/1 ) ! ?umb & f+] ( ! o!r h& y hold ! rim ( ! eye-glass1 ,a4 ,! spr+ tube may !n be drawn out or %ut up to v m9ute di/ances4 ,?us1 ! ord9>y slid+ tubes are sup]s$$2 nor is any ext]nal cov]+ necess>y1 z ! h& 9 grasp+ ! in/rum5t s]ves ! purpose4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a cov]+ be pref]r$1 a piece ( silk may be sewn to ! spirals ( ! spr+4 ,?is k9d ( op]a-glass may be made v *eaply2 x may be %ut into a small space = ! pocket1 m]ely by press+ ! object-glass & eye-glass toge!r4 ,,multiply+ ,,!atres4 ,place two pieces ( look+-glass1 "o at ea* end1 p>allel to "o ano!r1 & look+ ov]1 or by ! edge ( "o ( !m1 ! images ( any objects plac$ on ! bottom ( ! box1 w appe> cont9u$ to a consid]able di/ance4 ,or1 l9e ea* ( ! f\r sides ( ! box ) look+-glass1 & ! bottom ( ! box w be multipli$ to an a/oni%+ ext5t1 !re be+ no o!r limitation to ! numb] ( images b :at is ow+ to ! cont9u$ loss ( light f reflection4 ,! top ( ! box may be almo/ cov]$ ) ?9 canvas1 :i* w admit suffici5t light to r5d] ! exhibition v di/9ct4 ,! above exp]im5ts may be made v ent]ta9+1 by plac+ on ! bottom ( ! box "s toy1 z s5try soldi]s1 c42 &1 if ^! be put 9 motion1 by wires atta*$ to !m1 or pass+ ?r\gh ! bottom or side ( ! box1 x w af=d a /ill m ent]ta9+ spectacle4 ,or ! bottom ( ! box may be cov]$ ) moss1 %9+ pebbles1 fl[]s1 c42 only1 9 all cases1 ! upright figures betwe5 ! pieces ( look+-glass %\ld be sl5d]1 & n too num]\s1 else !y w ob/ruct ! reflect$ light4 ,9 a box ) six1 eight1 or m sides1 l9$ ) look+-glass1 z above1 ! diff]5t objects 9 x w be multipli$ to an almo/ indef9ite ext5t4 ,,app>atus ,,= ,,writ+ ,,9 ,,! ,,d>k4 ,9 ?is +5i\s contrivance1 ,a is a frame ( wood1 into ! back & front ( :i* are ins]t$ two ?9 bo>ds1 ! front "o1 ,b1 rea*+ ab\t half ! height ( ! frame1 & ! back "o be+ movable1 by slid+ 9 grooves1 = bett] fix+ ! pap] to be writt5 on1 ,c1 to a roll] at top1 ) a h&le & rat*et work+ into a spr+4 ,illu/ration ,to use ! app>atus1 ! pap] is to be fix$ on ! roll]1 & a /rip ( lead1 or o!r weight1 susp5d$ f ! bottom ( ! pap]1 to keep x smoo?3 !n1 by re/+ ! "r h& on ! edge ( ! bo>d ,b1 & turn+1 ) ! left h&1 ! rat*et1 ! di/ance ( ! l9es may be regulat$ by ! numb] ( clicks caus$ by ! spr+ on ! rat*et4 ,d1 is a foot to support ! app>atus1 :i*1 h[ev]1 %\ld be light en\gh to be held 9 ! h& z a slate4 ,,portable ,,microscope4 ,illu/ration ,?is *eap & useful in/rum5t consi/s ( a h&le ( h>d wood1 a1 :i* is screw$ into a brass piece1 d1 hav+1 at its top1 a r+1 ) screws on back & front1 into :i* are to be screw$ two cells ) l5ses ( diff]5t foci4 ,!re is also a project+ piece =m$ on ! side ( ! brass piece1 d1 9 :i* is a hole to receive ! screw$ end ( a cyl9drical rod ( brass1 c4 ,^u ?is rod1 a spr++ slit socket1 e1 slides backw>ds & =w>ds1 & is also capable ( be+ turn$ r\nd4 ,?is socket has affix$ to x1 on "o side1 a project+ "p1 ) a screw$ cavity 9 x1 to receive a %ort screw$ tube1 ) a small hole 9 its c5tre1 made to fit ! /eel /em ( ! spr+ =ceps2 a correspond+ hole be+ made at ! bottom ( ! screw$ cavity1 :]e is lodg$ a piece ( p]=at$ cork2 :i*1 be+ press$ ^u by ! action ( ! screw1 closes ^u ! /eel /em ( ! =ceps1 & /eadies !m1 & ! objects held 9 !m4 ,! /em ( ! =ceps be+ remov$ f its place 9 ! %ort tube2 ! h&les & l5ses1 & ! rod1 c1 & ! slid+ socket ^u x1 be+ unscrew$ f its place 9 ! h&le2 !y c all ?ree be pack$ 9 a black pap] case1 :i* is only ?ree & a half in*es long1 "o in* broad1 & half an in* ?ick4 ,?is microscope possesses ?ree diff]5t magnify+ p[]s1 namely1 ^? ( two l5ses sep>ately1 & ! two 9 comb9ation4 ,microscopes ( a /ill simpl] nature are small globules ( glass1 =m$ by smelt+ ! ends ( f9e ?reads ( glass 9 ! flame ( a c&le2 & small globul> microscopes ( great magnify+ p[]1 made ( holl[ glass ab\t ! size ( a small walnut1 may be pur*as$ v *eaply at ! opticians'4 ,,! ,,ph5aki/iscope1 ,,or ,,/roboscope4 ,?is amus+ in/rum5t consi/s ( a turn+ :eel1 ^u :i* figures are se5 to walk1 jump1 pump wat]1 c4 ,! disc or :eel %\ld be ( /\t c>d-bo>d1 ^u :i* %\ld be pa9t$1 t[>ds ! edge1 figures 9 eight or t5 po/ures4 ,?us1 if x is wi%$ to repres5t a man b[+1 ! fir/ position is a man /&+ upright2 9 ! second1 8 body has a slight incl9ation2 9 ! ?ird1 /ill m2 & s on1 to ! six? position1 :]e ! body is mo/ b5t3 ! f\r foll[+1 repres5t ! figure recov]+ its erect po/ure1 s t ! fif? & sev5?1 ! f\r? & eigh?1 ! ?ird & n9?1 & second & t5? figures1 h ! same po/ure4 ,betwe5 ea* ( ! figures on ! :eel1 %\ld be a slit1 ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* long1 & "o-f\r? ( an in* wide1 9 a direction p>allel ) ! radii ( ! :eel1 & ext5d+ to an equal di/ance f ! c5tre4 ,to "w ?is in/rum5t1 place ! figur$ side ( ! :eel be=e a look+-glass1 & cause x to revolve ^u its c5tre2 !n look ?r\gh ! slits or ap]tures1 & y may obs]ve1 9 ! glass1 ! figures b[+ cont9ually1 & ) a rapidity proportionate to ! rate at :i* ! :eel turns4 ,! illusion dep5ds on ! circum/ance1 t ! :eel betwe5 ea* ap]ture is cov]$1 :ile ! figure goes fur!r4 ,t ! deception may be complete1 x is necess>y t e "p ( ! figures n b[+ %all be at an equal di/ance f ! c5tre ( ! :eel1 & f ! slits2 also t ! figures possess equal ?ickness & col\r4 ,,to ,,look ,,at ,,! ,,sun ,,)\t ,,injury4 ,provide a w9e-glass fill$ ) pla9 wat]1 :i* w keep (f ! heat s effectually1 t ! brighte/ sun may be view$ "s "t ?r\gh x )\t any inconv5i5ce4 ,if a little black ink be add$ to ! wat]1 ! image ( ! sun w appe> ?r\gh x1 z :ite z sn[2 & :5 ! ink is /ill m dilut$1 ! sun w be ( a purple hue4 ,,brilliant ,,wat] ,,mirror4 ,illu/ration ,ne>ly fill a glass tumbl] ) wat]1 & hold x1 ) y\r back to ! w9d[1 above ! level ( ! eye1 z 9 ! engrav+4 ,!n look obliquely z 9 ! direction ,e1 a1 c1 & y w see ! :ole surface %9+ l burni%$ silv]1 ) a /rong metallic reflection2 & any object1 z a spoon1 ,a ,c ,b1 imm]s$ 9 ! wat]1 w h its imm]s$ "p ,c ,b1 reflect$ on ! surface1 z 9 a mirror1 b ) a brilliancy f> surpass+ t :i* c be obta9$ f quicksilv]1 or f ! mo/ highly-poli%$ metals4 ,,optical ,,illusion ,,"u ,,wat]4 ,procure a l>ge gallipot2 place on ! bottom1 next ! side fur!/ f y1 a sixp5ce1 & next to x1 b t[>ds ! c5tre1 a %ill+2 move to su* a di/ance z w r5d] ! co9s invisible2 !n let ano!r p]son p\r wat] g5tly 91 & z x rises 9 ! gallipot1 x w cause bo? ! sixp5ce & %ill+ to be se51 )\t y\r approa*+ ne>] to ! gallipot1 or mov+ x t[>ds y4 ,,! ,,magic ,,:eels4 ,cut out two c>d-bo>d cog-:eels ( equal size2 place !m ^u a p91 & :irl !m r\nd ) equal velocity 9 opposite directions2 :51 in/ead ( produc+ a hazy t9t1 z "o :eel w\ld d1 or z ! two w\ld if revolv+ 9 ! same direction1 !re w be an extraord9>y appe>ance ( a fix$ :eel4 ,if ! cogs be cut slantwise on bo? :eels1 ! spectral :eel1 z x may be call$1 w exhibit slant+ cogs2 b if "o ( ! :eels be turn$1 s t ! cogs %all po9t 9 opposite directions1 !n ! spectral :eel w h /raight cogs4 ,if :eels ) radii1 or arms1 be view$ :5 mov+1 ! deception w be simil>2 & h[ev] fa/ ! :eels may move1 provid$ x be ) equal velocity1 ! magic ( a fix$ :eel w be pres5t$4 ,or1 cut a c>d-bo>d :eel ) a c]ta9 numb] ( tee? or cogs at its edge2 a little ne>] ! c5tre1 cut a s]ies ( ap]tures resembl+ ! cogs 9 arrangem5t1 b n to ! same numb]2 & /ill ne>] ! c5tre cut ano!r s]ies ( ap]tures1 diff]5t 9 numb]1 & v>y+ f ! =m]4 ,fix ?is :eel ^u ano!r1 ) its face held two or ?ree y>ds f an illum9at$ mirror2 sp9 x r\nd1 ! cogs w disappe>1 & a greyi% belt1 ?ree in*es broad1 w become visible2 b1 on look+ at ! glass ?r\gh ! mov+ :eel1 appe>ances w entirely *ange2 "o r[ ( cogs1 or ap]tures1 w appe> fix$1 z if ! :eel 7 n mov+1 :il/ ! o!r two w appe> z if 9 motion2 &1 by %ift+ ! eye1 o!r & new effects appe>4 ,^! amus+ deceptions 7 fir/ exp]im5t$ by ,mr4 ,f>aday4 ,! simple app>atus = _! exhibition may be pur*as$1 = a trifl+ sum1 ( any respectable optician4 ,,ac\/ic ,,ra9b[4 ,a s\nd+-plate1 made ( brass1 n9e in*es long1 & half a l9e 9 ?ickness1 cov]$ ) a lay] ( wat]1 may be employ$ to produce a ra9b[ 9 a *amb] :i* admits ! sun4 ,on draw+ a viol9 b[ /rongly across ! plate1 s z to produce ! greate/ possible int5sity ( tone1 num]\s drops ( wat] fly p]p5dicul>ly & lat]ally upw>ds4 ,! size ( ! drops is small] z ! tone is high]4 ,! inn] & out] ra9b[s are v beautifully se5 9 ^! asc5d+ & desc5d+ drops1 :5 ! artificial %[] is held opposite to ! sun4 ,:5 ! eyes are close to ! fall+ drops1 ea* eye sees its appropriate ra9b[2 & f\r ra9b[s are p]ceiv$ at ! same "t1 p>ticul>ly if ! floor ( ! room is ( a d>k col\r4 ,! exp]im5t succe$s be/1 if1 :5 a f+] is plac$ "u ! middle ( ! plate1 & bo? ( ! angul> po9ts at "o side are support$1 ! tone is produc$ at a po9t ( ! opposite side1 a f\r? ( its l5g? f "o ( its angles4 ,an abundant %[] ( drops is ?us obta9$4 ,,transmission ,,( ,,s\nd4 ,susp5d any sonor\s body1 z a bell1 a glass1 a silv] spoon1 or a tun+-=k1 f a d\ble ?read1 & put ) ! f+] ! extremities ( ! ?read1 "o 9 ea* e>2 if ! body be !n /ruck1 ! app>5t l\dness & dep? ( ! s\nd w be surpris+4 ,aga91 if y %ut y\r e>s altoge!r1 y w yet feel v s5sible ( ! impression ( any s\nd convey$ ?r\gh ! m\?1 ! tee?1 or ! head3 if y put "o end ( a small /ick or rod 9 ! m\?1 & t\* ) ! o!r extremity a wat* ly+ on ! table1 ! beat+s w become q audible1 ?\gh ! e>s be actually %ut4 ,s1 also1 if a log ( wood be scrat*$ at "o end ) a p91 a p]son :o applies 8 e> to ! o!r end w he> ! s\nd di/9ctly4 ,fogs & fall+ ra91 b especially sn[1 p[]fully ob/ruct ! free propagation ( s\nd2 & ! same effect is produc$ by a coat+ ( fre%-fall5 sn[ on ! gr\nd1 ?\gh :5 glaz$ & h>d5$ at ! surface by freez+1 x has no su* influ5ce4 ,ov] wat]1 or a surface ( ice1 s\nd is propagat$ ) rem>kable cle>ness & /r5g?4 ,dr4 ,hutton relates1 t on a quiet "p ( ! ,?ames1 ne> ,*elsea1 he c\ld he> a p]son di/9ctly at #adj feet di/ance1 :ile on ! l& ! same c\ld only be he>d at #gf feet4 ,lieut5ant ,=/]1 9 ! ?ird ,pol> exp$ition ( ,capta9 ,p>ry1 held a conv]sation ) a man across ! h>b\r ( ,port ,b[51 a di/ance ( #ffif feet1 or ab\t a mile & a qu>t]4 ,?is1 h[ev] rem>kable1 falls %ort ( :at is relat$ by ,dr4 ,"y1 on ! au?ority ( ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,d]ham1 viz4 t1 at ,gibralt>1 ! voice has be5 he>d t5 miles1 p]haps1 across ! /rait4 ,! cannonade ( a sea-fight betwe5 ! ,engli% & ,dut*1 9 #afgb1 0 he>d across ,engl& z f> z ,%rewsbury1 & ev5 9 ,wales1 a di/ance ( upw>ds ( #bjj miles f ! sc5e ( action4 ,at ,c>isbrook ,ca/le1 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight1 is a well #baj feet 9 dep?1 & twelve feet 9 diamet]1 into :i* if a p9 be dropp$1 x w be di/9ctly he>d to /rike ! wat]4 ,! int]ior is l9$ ) v smoo? masonry4 ,,progress ,,( ,,s\nd4 ,a /ret*$ /r+1 z t ( a piano-=te1 may be made to vibrate n only f end to end1 b 9 aliquot p>ts1 ! portions be+ sep>at$ by po9ts ( re/ :i* int]rupt$ ! progress ( ! s\nd4 ,?is k9d ( effect may be %[n by %ak+ a long piece ( cane 9 ! air1 :5 !re w be "o1 two1 or ?ree po9ts ( re/1 accord+ to ! mode ( vibrat+ x4 ,an ela/ic surface has1 likewise1 "s p>ts 9 motion & o!rs at re/2 & ^! p>ts may be made visibly di/9ct1 by /rew+ pieces ( bri/le ov] !m ^u ! s\nd+-bo>d ( an in/rum5t4 ,:5 a b[ is drawn across ! /r+s ( a viol91 ! impulses produc$ may be r5d]$ evid5t by fix+ a small /eel bead ^u ! b[2 :5 look$ at by light or 9 sun%9e1 ! bead w seem to =m a s]ies ( dots dur+ ! passage ( ! b[4 ,,s\nd ,,turn+ ,,corn]s4 ,take a common tun+-=k1 /rike x1 & hold x1 7:5 set 9 vibration17 ab\t ?ree or f\r in*es f ! e>1 ) ! flat side t[>ds x1 :5 ! s\nd w be di/9ctly he>d2 let a /rip ( c>d1 some:at long] ?an ! flat ( ! tun+-=k1 be int]pos$ at ab\t half an in* f ! =k1 & ! s\nd w be almo/ entirely int]cept$ by x2 &1 if ! c>d be alt]nately remov$ & replac$ 9 pretty quick succession1 alt]nations ( s\nd & sil5ce w be produc$2 prov+ t s\nd is by no means propagat$ ) s mu* int5sity r\nd ! edge ( ! c>d1 z /raight =w>d4 ,inde$1 to be conv9c$ ( ?is fact1 y h only to li/5 to ! s\nd ( a c>riage turn+ a corn] f ! /reet 9 :i* y happ5 to be1 into an adjo9+ "o4 ,ev5 :]e !re is no ob/acle 9 ! way1 s\nds are by no means equally audible 9 all directions f ! s\nd+ body2 z y may asc]ta91 by hold+ a vibrat+ tun+-=k or pit*-pipe ne> y\r e>1 & turn+ x quickly on its axis4 ,,to ,,tell ,,! ,,di/ance ,,( ,,?und]4 ,c\nt1 by means ( a wat*1 ! numb] ( seconds t elapse betwe5 see+ ! fla% ( lightn+ & he>+ ! report ( ! ?und]2 all[ some:at m ?an five seconds = a mile1 & ! di/ance may be asc]ta9$4 ,?us1 say ! numb] ( seconds is #e7bj ---- #d miles di/ant2 or ! di/ance may be e/imat$ by rem>k+ ! numb] ( beats ( ! pulse 9 ! above int]val2 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t we "k ! rate at :i* ! pulse beats 9 a c]ta9 "t4 ,9 a ,fr5* "w1 x is /at$ t if ! pulse beat six times1 ! di/ance ( ! ?und] w be ab\t #cj1jjj feet1 or five miles & a half2 ?us reckon+ #ejjj feet = ea* pulsation4 ,9 a viol5t ?und]-/orm1 :5 ! s\nd in/antly succe$s ! fla%1 ! p]sons :o witness ! circum/ance are 9 "s dang]2 :5 ! int]val is a qu>t] ( a m9ute1 !y are secure4 ,,he>+ ,,by ,,! ,,t\*4 ,if a deaf p]son m]ely place ! tips ( 8 f+]-nails on ! w9d[-%utt]s or door ( a room 9 :i* in/rum5ts are play+1 he may enjoy _! conc]t ( h>mony4 ,,conv]sation ,,= ,,! ,,deaf4 ,if two p]sons /op _! e>s closely1 !y may conv]se ) ea* o!r by hold+ a long /ick betwe5 _! tee?1 or by re/+ _! tee? aga9/ !m4 ,! p]son :o speaks may re/ ! /ick aga9/ 8 ?roat or 8 brea/2 or he may re/ ! /ick1 :i* he holds 9 8 tee?1 aga9/ a glass tumbl] or *9a bas9 into :i* ! o!r speaks4 ,! s\nd may also be he>d :5 a ?read is held betwe5 ! tee? by bo? p]sons1 s z to be some:at /ret*$4 ,,glass ,,brok5 ,,by ,,! ,,voice4 ,on vibrat+ bodies1 :i* pres5t a l>ge surface1 ! effects ( s\nds are v surpris+4 ,p]sons ) a cle> & p[]ful voice h be5 kn[n to break a dr9k+-glass1 by s++ ! prop] fundam5tal note ( _! voice close to x4 ,look+-glasses are also said to h be5 brok5 by music1 ! vibrations ( ! atoms ( ! glass be+ s great z to /ra9 !m beyond ! limits ( _! cohesion4 ,,figures ,,produc$ ,,by ,,s\nd4 ,/ret* a %eet ( wet pap] ov] ! m\? ( a glass tumbl]1 :i* has a foot/alk1 & glue or pa/e ! pap] at ! edges4 ,:5 ! pap] is dry1 /rew dry s& ?9ly ^u its surface4 ,place ! tumbl] on a table1 & hold imm$iately above x1 & p>allel to ! pap]1 a plate ( glass1 :i* y also /rew ) s&1 hav+ previ\sly rubb$ ! edges smoo? ) em]y p[d]4 ,draw a viol9 b[ along any "p ( ! edges1 & z ! s& ^u ! glass is made to vibrate1 x w =m v>i\s figures1 :i* w be accurately imitat$ by ! s& ^u ! pap]2 or1 if a viol9 or flute be play$ )9 a few in*es ( ! pap]1 !y w cause ! s& ^u its surface to =m regul> l9es & figures4 ,,transmitt$ ,,vibration4 ,illu/ration ,provide a long1 flat glass rul] or rod1 z 9 ! engrav+1 & cem5t x ) ma/ic to ! edge ( a dr9k+-glass fix$ into a wood5 /&2 support ! o!r end ( ! rod v lightly on a piece ( cork1 & /rew its upp] surface ) s&2 set ! glass 9 vibration by a b[1 at a po9t opposite :]e ! rod meets x1 & ! motions w be communicat$ to ! rod )\t any *ange 9 _! direction4 ,if ! app>atus be inv]t$1 & s& be /rew$ on ! "u side ( ! rod1 ! figures w be se5 to correspond ) ^? produc$ on ! upp] surface4 ,,d\ble ,,vibration4 ,illu/ration ,provide two discs ( metal or glass1 precisely ( ! same dim5sions1 & a glass or metal rod2 cem5t ! two discs at _! c5tres to ! two ends ( ! rod1 z 9 ! engrav+1 & /rew _! upp] surfaces ) s&4 ,cause "o ( ! discs1 viz4 ! upp] "o1 to vibrate by a b[1 & its vibration w be exactly imitat$ by ! l[] disc1 & ! s& /rew$ ov] bo? w arrange itself 9 precisely ! same =ms on bo? discs4 ,b if1 sep>ately1 !y d n agree 9 _! tones1 ! figures on !m w n correspond4 ,,*ampagne ,,& ,,s\nd4 ,p\r sp>kl+ *ampagne into a glass until x is half full1 :5 ! glass w lose its p[] ( r++ by a /roke ^u its edges1 & w emit only a disagreeable & puffy s\nd4 ,nor w ! glass r+ :ile ! w9e is brisk1 & fill$ ) air-bubbles2 b1 z ! eff]vesc5ce subsides1 ! s\nd w become cle>] & cle>]1 & :5 ! air bubbles h entirely disappe>$1 ! glass w r+ z usual4 ,if a crumb ( bread be ?r[n into ! *ampagne1 & eff]vesc5ce be re-produc$1 ! glass w aga9 cease to r+4 ,! same exp]im5t w also succe$ ) soda-wat]1 g+] w9e1 or any o!r eff]vesc+ liquid4 ,,music ,,f ,,palisades4 ,if a l9e ( broad palisades1 set edgewise 9 a l9e direct$ f ! e>1 & at ev5 di/ances f ea* o!r1 be /ruck at ! end ne>e/ ! auditor1 !y w reflect ! s\nd ( ! bl[1 & produce a succession ( e*oes3 ^!1 f ! equal di/ance ( ! palisades1 w rea* ! e> at equal int]vals ( "t1 & w1 !re=e1 produce ! effect ( a numb] ( impulses orig9at+ 9 "o po9t4 ,?us1 a musical note w be he>d4 ,,!ory ,,( ,,! ,,jew',s ,,h>p4 ,if y cause ! tongue ( ?is little in/rum5t to vibrate1 x w produce a v l[ s\nd2 b1 if y place x be=e a cavity1 7z ! m\?17 conta9+ a column ( air1 :i* vibrates mu* fa/]1 b 9 ! proportion ( any simple multiple1 x w !n produce o!r high] s\nds1 dep5d5t ^u ! reciprocation ( t portion ( ! air4 ,n[1 ! bulk ( air 9 ! m\? c be alt]$ 9 its =m1 size1 & o!r circum/ances1 s z to produce by reciprocation1 _m diff]5t s\nds2 & ^! are ! s\nds belong+ to ! ,jew's ,h>p4 ,a pro( ( ?is fact has be5 giv5 by ,mr4 ,eul5/e91 :o fitt$ into a long metallic tube a pi/on1 :i*1 be+ mov$1 c\ld be made to l5g!n or %ort5 ! effici5t column ( air )9 at pleasure4 ,a ,jew's ,h>p 0 !n s fix$ t x c\ld be made to vibrate be=e ! m\? ( ! tube1 & x 0 f\nd t ! column ( air produc$ a s]ies ( s\nds1 accord+ z x 0 l5g!n$ or %ort5$2 a s\nd be+ produc$ :5ev] ! l5g? ( ! column 0 su* t its vibrations 7 a multiple ( ^? ( ! ,jew's ,h>p4 ,,music ,,( ,,! ,,snail4 ,place a g>d5-snail ^u a pane ( glass1 & 9 draw+ itself along1 x w frequ5tly produce s\nds simil> to ^? ( musical glasses4 ,,to ,,tune ,a ,,guit> ,,)\t ,,! ,,assi/ance ,,( ,,! ,,e>4 ,make "o /r+ to s\nd1 & its vibrations w1 ) mu* =ce1 be transf]r$ to ! next /r+3 ?is transf]5ce may be se5 by plac+ a saddle ( pap] 7l an inv]t$ v1 7 ^u ! /r+1 at fir/ 9 a /ate ( re/4 ,:5 ?is /r+ he>s ! o!r1 ! saddle w be %ak51 or fall (f2 :5 bo? /r+s are 9 h>mony1 ! pap] w be v little1 or n at all1 %ak54 ,,music ,,f ,,glass ,,or ,,metal ,,rods4 ,provide a /raight rod ( glass or metal2 /rike x at ! end 9 ! direction ( its l5g?1 or rub x l5g?wise ) a moi/5$ f+]1 & x w yield a musical s\nd1 :i*1 unless its l5g? be v great1 w be ( an extremely acute pit*2 mu* m s ?an 9 ! case ( a column ( air ( ! same l5g?1 z 9 a flute4 ,! reason ( ?is is ! great] velocity ) :i* s\nd is propagat$ 9 solids ?an 9 ! air4 ,if ! rod be metal1 ! friction w be f\nd to succe$ be/ :5 made ) a bit ( clo?1 spr9kl$ ) p[d]$ res92 or1 if ( glass1 ! clo? or ! f+] may be moi/5$ & t\*$ ) "s v f9e s& or pumice p[d]4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a fiddle-b[1 well res9$1 is ! readie/ & mo/ conv5i5t means ( sett+ solid bodies 9 vibration4 ,to br+ out _! grave/ or fundam5tal tones1 ! b[ mu/ be press$ h>d & drawn sl[ly2 b1 = ! high] h>monies1 a %ort1 swift /roke1 ) light pressure1 is mo/ prop]4 ,,! ,,tun+-,,=k ,a ,,flute-,,play]4 ,illu/ration ,take a common tun+-=k1 & on "o ( its bran*es fa/5 ) seal+-wax a circul> piece ( c>d1 ( ! size ( a small waf]1 or suffici5t ne>ly to cov] ! ap]ture ( a pipe1 z ! slid+ ( ! upp] end ( a flute ) ! m\? /opp$3 x may be tun$ 9 unison ) ! load$ tun+-=k 7a ,c =k71 by means ( ! moveable /opp] or c>d1 or ! =k may be load$ till ! unison is p]fect4 ,!n set ! =k 9 vibration by a bl[ on ! unload$ bran*1 & hold ! c>d closely ov] ! m\? ( ! pipe1 z 9 ! engrav+1 :5 a note ( surpris+ cle>ness & /r5g? w be he>d4 ,inde$1 a flute may be made to 8speak0 p]fectly well1 by hold+ close to ! op5+ a vibrat+ tun+-=k1 :ile ! f+]+ prop] to ! note ( ! =k is at ! same "t p]=m$4 ,,musical ,,bottles4 ,provide two glass bottles1 & tune !m by p\r+ wat] into !m1 s t ea* corresponds to ! s\nd ( a diff]5t tun+-=k4 ,!n apply bo? tun+-=ks to ! m\? ( ea* bottle alt]nately1 :5 t s\nd only w be he>d1 9 ea* case1 :i* is reciprocat$ by ! unisonant bottle1 or1 9 o!r words1 by t bottle :i* conta9s a column ( air susceptible ( vibrat+ 9 unison ) ! =k4 ,,!ory ,,( ,,:isp]+4 ,ap>tm5ts ( a circul> or elliptical =m are be/ calculat$ = ! exhibition ( ?is ph5om5on4 ,if a p]son /& ne> ! wall1 ) 8 face turn$ to x1 & :isp] a few words1 !y may be m di/9ctly he>d at ne>ly ! opposite side ( ! ap>tm5t1 ?an if ! li/5] 0 situat$ ne>] to ! speak]4 ,,!ory ,,( ,,! ,,voice4 ,provide a species ( :i/le1 common z a *ild's toy or a sportsman's call1 9 ! =m ( a holl[ cyl9d]1 ab\t ?ree-f\r?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 clos$ at bo? ends by flat circul> plates1 ) holes 9 _! c5tres4 ,hold ?is toy betwe5 ! tee? & lips2 bl[ ?r\gh x1 & y may produce s\nds v>y+ 9 pit* ) ! =ce ) :i* y bl[4 ,if ! air be cauti\sly graduat$1 all ! s\nds )9 ! compass ( a d\ble octave may be produc$ f x2 &1 if great precaution be tak5 9 ! managem5t ( ! w9d1 tones ev5 yet grav] may be br\ght out4 ,?is simple in/rum5t or toy1 has1 inde$1 ! greate/ resemblance to ! l>ynx1 :i* is ! organ ( voice4 ,a speak+-ma*9e has be5 inv5t$ 9 ,g]many1 ) :i* h be5 di/9ctly pron\nc$ ! words1 mamma1 papa1 "m1 fa!r1 summ]4 ,?is in/rum5t consi/s ( a pair ( bell[s1 to :i* is adapt$ a tube t]m9at+ 9 a bell1 ! ap]ture ( :i* is regulat$ by ! h&1 s z to produce ! articulate s\nds4 ,,s\nd ,,along ,a ,,wall4 ,:isp] along ! b>e wall ( an ap>tm5t1 & y w be he>d mu* fur!r ?an 9 ! middle ( ! room2 = ! tr\gh or angle betwe5 ! wall & ! floor1 =ms two sides ( a squ>e pipe :i* conveys ! s\nd4 ,,s\nds ,,m ,,audible ,,by ,,night ,,?an ,,by ,,day4 ,! exp]im5t ) ! glass ( *ampagne 7page #dj7 has be5 employ$ by ,humboldt1 9 explanation ( ! great] audibility ( di/ant s\nds by night ?an by day4 ,?is he attributes to ! uni=mity ( temp]ature 9 ! atmosph]e by night1 :5 curr5ts ( air no long] rise & di/urb its equilibrium2 z ! air-bubbles 9 ! *ampagne int]f]e ) ! vibration )9 ! glass4 ,aga91 ! univ]sal & dead sil5ce g5]ally preval5t at night1 r5d]s our auditory n]ves s5sible to s\nds :i* w\ld o!rwise escape !m1 & :i* are inaudible among ! cont9ual hum ( noises :i* is always go+ on 9 ! day "t4 ,,musical ,,e*o4 ,if a noise be made 9 a n>r[ passage1 or ap>tm5t ( regul> =m1 ! e*oes w be repeat$ at equal v small int]vals1 & w always impress ! e> ) a musical note4 ,?is is1 d\btless1 "o ( ! means :i* bl9d p]sons h ( judg+ ( ! size & %ape ( any room !y happ5 to be 94 ,,v5triloquism4 ,! ma9 secret ( ?is surpris+ art simply consi/s 9 fir/ mak+ a /rong & deep inspiration1 by :i* a consid]able quantity ( air is introduc$ into ! lungs1 to be aft]w>ds act$ ^u by ! flexible p[]s ( ! l>ynx1 or cavity situat$ beh9d ! tongue1 & ! tra*ea1 or w9dpipe3 ?us prep>$1 ! expiration %\ld be sl[ & gradual4 ,any p]son1 by practice1 c1 !re=e1 obta9 m or less exp]tness 9 ?is ex]cise2 9 :i*1 ?\gh n app>5tly1 ! voice is /ill modifi$ by ! m\? & tongue2 & x is 9 ! concealm5t ( ?is aid1 t mu* ( ! p]fection ( v5triloquism lies4 ,b ! di/9ctive "* ( v5triloquism consi/s 9 its imitations be+ p]=m$ by ! voice seem+ to come f ! /oma*3 h5ce its "n1 f v5t]1 ! /oma*1 & loquor1 to speak4 ,al?\gh ! voice does n actually come f t region1 9 ord] to enable ! v5triloqui/ to utt] s\nds f ! l>ynx )\t mov+ ! muscles ( 8 face1 he /r5g!ns !m by a p[]ful action ( ! abdom9al muscles4 ,h5ce1 he speaks by means ( 8 /oma*2 al?\gh ! ?roat is ! real s\rce f :5ce ! s\nd proce$s4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be add$1 t ?is speak+ di/9ctly1 )\t any movem5t ( ! lips at all1 is ! highe/ p]fection ( v5triloquism1 & has b r>ely be5 atta9$4 ,?us1 ,,mm4 ,/4 ,gille & ,l\is ,brabant1 two celebrat$ ,fr5* v5triloqui/s1 appe>$ to be absolutely mute :ile ex]cis+ _! art1 & no *ange 9 _! c\nt5ances c\ld be discov]$4 ,x has lately be5 %[n1 t "s v5triloqui/s h acquir$ by practice ! p[] ( ex]cis+ ! veil ( ! palate 9 su* a mann]1 t1 by rais+ or depress+ x1 !y dilate or contract ! inn] no/rils4 ,if !y are closely contract$1 ! s\nd produc$ is weak1 dull1 & seems to be m or less di/ant2 if1 on ! contr>y1 ^! cavities are widely dilat$1 ! s\nd w be /r5g!n$1 ! voice become l\d1 & app>5tly close to u4 ,ano!r ( ! secrets ( v5triloquism1 is ! unc]ta9ty ) respect to ! direction ( s\nds4 ,?us1 if we place a man & a *ild 9 ! same angle ( unc]ta9ty1 & ! man speaks ) ! acc5t ( a *ild1 )\t any correspond+ motion 9 8 m\? or face1 we %all necess>ily believe t ! voice comes f ! *ild4 ,9 ?is case1 ! belief is s /r5g!n$ by ! imag9ation2 = if we 7 direct$ to a /atue1 z ! s\rce f :i* we 7 to expect s\nds to issue1 we %\ld /ill be deceiv$1 & ref] ! s\nds to ! lifeless /one or m>ble4 ,?is illusion w be greatly assi/$ by ! voice be+ totally diff]5t 9 tone & "* f t ( ! man f :om x really comes4 ,?us1 we see h[ easy is ! deception :5 ! s\nds are requir$ to proce$ f any giv5 object1 & are su* z !y actually yield4 ,! v5triloqui/s ( our "t1 z ,m4 ,alex&] & ,m4 ,fitz-,james1 h c>ri$ _! art /ill fur!r4 ,!y h n only spok5 by ! muscles ( ! ?roat & ! abdom51 )\t mov+ ^? ( ! face1 b h s f> ov]come ! unc]ta9ty ( s\nd1 z to become acqua9t$ ) modifications ( di/ance1 ob/ruction1 & o!r causes1 s to imitate !m ) ! greate/ accuracy4 ,?us1 ea* ( ^! arti/s has succe$$ 9 c>ry+ on a dialogue2 & ea*1 9 8 own s+le p]son & ) 8 own s+le voice1 has repres5t$ a sc5e app>5tly ) sev]al actors4 ,^! v5triloqui/s h likewise possess$ su* p[] ov] _! faces & figures1 t1 aid$ by rapid *anges ( dress1 _! p]sonal id5tity has sc>cely be5 recognis$ among ! range ( p]sonations4 ,vocal imitations are mu* less /rik+ & +5i\s ?an ! feats ( v5triloquism4 ,extraord9>y v>ieties ( voice may be produc$1 by speak+ ) a m acute or grave pit* ?an usual1 & by diff]5t contractions ( ! m\?4 ,?us may be imitat$ ! gr9d+ ( cutl]y on a :eel1 ! saw+ ( wood1 ! fry+ ( a pancake1 ! uncork+ ( a bottle1 & ! gurgl+ noise 9 empty+ its cont5ts4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,light ,,heat4 ,illu/ration3 ,,light ,,& ,,heat4 ,,fla%es ,,( ,,light ,,^u ,,revolv+ ,,:eels4 ,,provide a circle ( c>d-bo>d1 six in*es 9 diamet]2 divide x into sixte5 p>ts1 & pa9t !m alt]nately r$ & black4 ,provide a second circle or disc ( ! same size1 & pa9t on x1 9 l>ge *>act]s1 ! words 8,at re/10 on a :ite gr\nd4 ,connect bo? discs ) ! simple app>atus = caus+ !m to turn r\nd1 us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( a toy w9dmill4 ,next fill a bas9 ) wat]1 & provide a few small pieces ( phosphuret ( lime3 d>k5 ! room1 hold ! discs ov] ! bas91 & turn !m r\nd2 let ! phosphuret ( lime be put into ! wat]1 & bubbles ( light w rise to its surface4 ,if !y come up sl[ly1 bo? discs w appe> /ation>y dur+ _! turn+ r\nd2 b :5 ! bubbles come up quickly1 ! black & r$ spaces w exhibit a danc+ motion1 & sometimes two black spaces w seem jo9$ into "o1 to ! exclusion ( ! int]v5+ r$1 & vice v]s3 ! words on ! second disc w also cross ea* o!r 9 v>i\s directions1 :5 ! fla%es ( light int]f]e2 &1 9 bo? cases1 confusion w be excit$ by an impression be+ made on ! ret9a1 be=e prec$+ impressions h dep>t$4 ,,decomposition ,,( ,,light4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton fir/ divid$ a :ite ray ( light1 & f\nd x to consi/ ( an assemblage ( col\r$ rays1 :i* =m$ an image ^u a wall1 & 9 :i* 7 display$ ! foll[+ col\rs3 r$1 orange1 yell[1 gre51 blue1 indigo1 & violet4 ,sir ,isaac !n %[$ t ^! sev5 col\rs1 :5 aga9 put toge!r or comb9$1 recompos$ :ite light4 ,?is may be prov$ by pa9t+ a c>d :eel 9 circles ) ! above col\rs1 & :irl+ x rapidly ^u a p91 :5 x w appe> :ite4 ,light may also be decompos$ by ! foll[+ beautiful exp]im5t3 ,=m a tube ab\t t5 in*es long & "o in* 9 diamet]1 ( pap]1 "o side ( :i* is ( a bright blue col\r4 ,?is may be done by wrapp+ ! pap] once r\nd a cyl9d] ( wood1 & secur+ ! edges ( ! pap] ) pa/e4 ,! col\r$ side ( ! pap] mu/ be ! int]ior ( ! tube4 ,apply ?is tube to "o eye1 ! o!r be+ clos$1 & on look+ at ! ceil+1 a circul> orange spot w be se51 :i* is ! result ( decomposition3 ! :ite light f ! ceil+ ent]s ! tube1 ! blue is reta9$1 & ! r$ & yell[ rays ent] ! eye1 & produce ! impression ( orange4 ,,sol> ,,refraction4 ,! !ory ( sol> refraction may be beautifully illu/rat$ z foll[s3 ,put a %ill+ into a bas91 & p\r "s wat] on x1 :5 ! silv] w be refract$ ?r\gh ! m$ium2 &1 if ! vessel be fill$1 y may )draw to any di/ance f :i* ! surface ( ! wat] w be visible1 &1 by ! refraction f x1 y c /ill obs]ve ! %ill+4 ,,incantations4 ,dissolve cry/als ( nitrate ( copp] 9 _s ( w9e2 light ! solution1 & x w burn ) a beautiful em]ald-gre5 flame3 pieces ( sponge soak$ 9 ?is _s1 light$ & susp5d$ by f9e wires1 produce ! lamb5t gre5 flames n[ s common 9 incantation sc5es3 /rips ( flannel saturat$ ) x1 & appli$ r\nd copp] swords1 trid5ts1 c41 produce1 :5 light$1 ! flam+ swords & fire-=ks1 br&i%$ by ! demons 9 su* sc5es3 inde$1 ! *ief consumption ( nitrate ( copp] is = ^! purposes4 ,,to ,,imitate ,,! ,,light ,,( ,,! ,,sea4 ,x is well kn[n1 t on d>k1 /ormy nights1 ! sea emits a brilliant light1 ! effect ( :i* may be ?us imitat$4 ,scrape (f f\r drams ( ! sub/ance ( putrefy+ fi%1 z :it+1 h]r+1 or mack]el1 & put x into a :ite glass bottle1 conta9+ two ounces ( sea-wat]1 or ( pure wat] ) two drams ( common salt dissolv$ 9 x2 set ! bottle 9 a d>k place1 & 9 ?ree days a r+ ( light w be se5 on ! surface ( ! liquid1 & ! :ole1 if %ak51 w become lum9\s1 & cont9ue s = "s "t4 ,if x be set 9 a w>m place1 ! light w be bright]2 if ! liquid be froz51 ! light w disappe>1 b w re-appe> on be+ ?aw$4 ,if m salt be add$ to ! solution1 ! light w disappe>1 b in/antly bur/ =? f absolute d>kness by dilution ) wat]4 ,lime-wat]1 common wat]1 be]1 acids1 ev5 v dilute alkal9e leys1 z pe>l-a% or soda & wat]1 w p]man5tly ext+ui% ?is spontane\s light4 ,,in/antane\s ,,lights4 ,! oxyg5at$1 or *lorate mat*es1 are fir/ dipp$ 9 melt$ sulphur1 & !n tipp$ ) a pa/e made ( *lorate ( potass1 sulphur1 & sug>1 mix$ ) gum-wat]1 & col\r$ ) v]milion3 frank9c5se & camphor are sometimes mix$ ) ! composition1 & ! wood ( ! mat* is p5cil-c$>1 s t a fragrant od\r is diffus$ f ! mat*es 9 burn+4 ,to obta9 light1 a mat* is v lightly dipp$ 9 a bottle conta9+ a little asbe/os soak$ 9 oil ( vitriol4 ,lucif]s consi/ ( *ips ( wood tipp$ ) a pa/e ( *lorate ( potass mix$ ) sulphuret ( antimony1 />*1 & gum-wat]3 :5 a mat* is p9*$ betwe5 ! folds ( glass-pap]1 & sudd5ly drawn out1 a light is in/antly obta9$4 ,prome!ans consi/ ( small rolls ( wax$ pap]1 9 "o end ( :i* is a m9ute quantity ( vitriol1 9 a glass bulb1 seal$ up1 & surr\nd$ ) *lorate ( potass3 :5 ! end ?us prep>$ is press$ s z to break ! bulb1 ! vitriol comes 9 contact ) ! composition1 & produces light in/antly4 ,= cig>-smok]s1 ,prome!ans are made ) t\*-pap]2 ?is ignites f ! composition1 & gl[s )\t flame1 l a sl[ mat*2 & z ! w9d w n ext+ui% x1 a dry cig> may be readily light$ at x4 ,lucif]s & ,prome!ans mu/ be us$ ) caution1 & %\ld nev] be c>elessly left ab\t3 by lett+ !m fall ^u a s&$ floor1 & be+ accid5tally trod ^u1 !y may take fire1 & ?us d great mis*ief4 ,,to ,,col\r ,,! ,,flame ,,( ,a ,,c&le4 ,take a piece ( pack?read1 or cotton ?read1 boil x 9 clean wat] to free x f sal9e p>ticles1 & dry x2 wet "o end1 & take ^u x a little ( ei!r ( ! salts h]eaft] nam$1 9 f9e p[d]1 or /rong solution4 ,!n dip ! wett$ end ( ! ?read into ! cup ( a burn+ wax c&le1 & apply x to ! ext]ior ( ! flame1 n q t\*+ ! lum9\s "p1 b s z to be imm]s$ 9 ! cone ( invisible b int5sely heat$ air :i* envelopes x4 ,imm$iately1 an irregul> sputt]+ combu/ion ( ! wax on ! ?read w take place1 & ! invisible cone ( heat w be r5d]$ lum9\s1 ) a peculi>ly col\r$ light1 accord+ to ! salt employ$4 ,?us1 common salt w give a bright yell[2 muriate ( potass w give a beautiful pale violet2 muriate ( lime w give a brick r$2 muriate ( /rontia w give a magnific5t crimson2 muriate ( li?ia w give a r$2 muriate ( b>yta w give a f9e pale apple gre52 muriate ( copp] w give a beautiful blui% gre52 & gre5 copp]as w give a :ite light4 ,,to ,,divide ,,! ,,flame ,,( ,a ,,c&le4 ,provide ab\t a foot squ>e ( brass or iron wire gauze1 ( ! f95ess ( ?irty me%es to ! squ>e in*3 l[] ! gauze ^u ! flame ( a wax c&le1 :i* w n rise ?r\gh ! me%es1 b 9 its place w be ! inflammable smoke ( ! flame2 apply to ?is a piece ( light$ pap]1 & x w be k9dl$1 & ! c&le w burn ) flame above & b5ea? ! gauze4 ,9 ?is case1 ! gauze s cools ! flame1 z to ext+ui% x2 & ^u ?is pr9ciple is con/ruct$ ! ,davy ,safety ,lamp1 9 :i* ! light is surr\nd$ ) wire-gauze4 ,to v>y ?is exp]im5t1 place a *ip ( camphor 9 ! c5tre ( a piece ( wire-gauze ab\t a foot squ>e1 & hold x ov] ! flame ( a c&le or lamp2 :5 ! vap\r ( ! camphor w burn brightly ^u ! l[] surface ( ! gauze1 b _c rise ?r\gh x 9 consequ5ce ( its cool+ p[]4 ,?us1 ! camphor lies ^u ! gauze 9 an un9flam$ /ate1 ?\gh x is suffici5tly heat$ to yield inflammable vap\r to fe$ a flame b5ea?4 ,,cane ,,wick ,,lamp4 ,cut a piece ( cane ab\t "o in* long3 set x upright 9 _s ( w9e1 ) a small portion j above ! surface3 ! _s w !n rise ?r\gh ! tube ( ! cane1 :i* be+ light$1 w burn z a wick4 ,,camphor ,,& ,,plat9um ,,lamp4 ,place a small piece ( camphor1 or a few fragm5ts1 ^u ! bottom ( a glass1 & lay ^u ! camphor a piece ( coil$ or press$ up plat9um wire1 heat$ 9 ! flame ( a lamp2 :5 ! plat9um w gl[ brilliantly z long z any camphor rema9s1 & frequ5tly light up into flame4 ,,plat9um ,,& ,,e!r ,,lamp4 ,illu/ration ,put into a small hyac9?-glass a teaspoonful ( e!r1 & susp5d 9 x1 by wire1 a coil ( f9e plat9um wire1 fir/ heat$ 9 ! flame ( a _s-lamp2 ! wire w !n gl[ ) a r$ heat1 & "s ( x may become :ite hot2 9 ! latt] case1 flame w be produc$ by ! e!r burn+4 ,,float+ ,,light4 ,cut a *ip ( camphor2 light x1 & set x on a bas9 ( wat]1 :5 x w cont9ue to burn & float1 until x is consum$4 ,,sub/itute ,,= ,a ,,wax ,,tap]4 ,/eep a loosely twi/$ cotton ske9 9 a solution ( nitre2 dry x1 & x w readily k9dle by ! sp>ks produc$ f ! fl9t & /eel4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! cotton be fur!r prep>$ by coat+ portions ( x1 at regul> int]vals1 alt]nately ) sulphur & :ite wax1 & ! sp>ks be /ruck ^u ! sulphur1 x w readily k9dle1 & z readily light ! wax2 & ! flame w endure long en\gh = seal+ a lett]4 ,,phosphoresc5t ,,fi%4 ,place a v /ale fi% 9 a d>k room1 & x w give out a /rong light1 because ( ! num]\s animalcul1 ^: gr[? ! putrefaction has promot$4 ,,! ,,lum9\s ,,spectre4 ,phosphorus 9 its pure /ate %\ld be v cauti\sly h&l$2 z1 unless us$ v mod]ately1 x w burn ! sk94 ,by add+ to x1 h[ev]1 six p>ts ( olive oil1 x may be employ$ ) p]fect safety4 ,if e "p ( ! face1 except ! eyes & m\?1 :i* %\ld be kept %ut :ile apply+ x1 be ano9t$ ) ?is mixture1 x w give ! p>ty a mo/ frightful appe>ance 9 ! d>k4 ,! eyes & m\? w seem black1 & all ! o!r p>ts ( ! face w appe> light$ ) a sickly1 pale-blui% flame4 ,,light1 ,a ,,pa9t]4 ,/ra9 a piece ( pap] or l95 ^u a wood5 frame1 & sponge x ov] ) a solution ( nitrate ( silv] 9 wat]2 place x beh9d a pa9t+ ^u glass1 or a /a9$ w9d[-pane1 & ! light1 trav]s+ ! pa9t+ or figures1 w produce a copy ( x ^u ! prep>$ pap] or l952 ^? p>ts 9 :i* ! rays 7 lea/ int]cept$ be+ ! %ad[s ( ! picture4 ,,effect ,,( ,,light ,,^u ,,cry/allization4 ,place a solution ( nitre 9 a small bas9 ( wat]1 9 a room :i* has ! light admitt$ only ?r\gh a small hole 9 ! w9d[-%utt]2 cry/als w !n =m mo/ abundantly ^u ! side ( ! bas9 expos$ to ! ap]ture ?r\gh :i* ! light ent]s2 & (t5 ! :ole mass ( cry/als w turn t[>ds x4 ,?is peculi> effect may also be se5 9 ! cry/als 9 camphor glasses 9 druggi/s' w9d[s1 :i* are always mo/ copi\s ^u ! side expos$ to ! light4 ,,effect ,,( ,,light ,,on ,,plants4 ,%ut a plant up 9 a room into :i* light is only admitt$ ?r\gh a small hole 9 ! w9d[-%utt]1 & set ! plant out ( ! direction ( ?is light2 x w1 9 a %ort "t1 turn itself1 & ev5 gr[ d[nw>ds1 t x may expose its leaves to ! light4 ,if plants be kept 9 d>kness1 !y w soon become blea*$2 !n1 if !y be expos$ to ! sun = ?ree1 f\r1 or five h\rs1 ! leaves & /alks w become z int5sely gre5 z if ! plants _h be5 re>$ 9 ! sun4 ,aga91 if a light$ lamp be introduc$ into a d>k room1 :]e9 a plant has be5 %ut up & blea*$1 x w become gre51 & direct itself t[>ds ! lamp4 ,if su* a plant be remov$ f ! room1 expos$ = "s "t to ! sun1 & !n return$ to d>kness1 x w no long] support ! privation ( light1 b w fade & p]i%4 ,,in/antane\s ,,light ,,^u ,,ice4 ,?r[ ^u ice a small piece ( potassium1 & x w bur/ into flame4 ,9 "o exp]im5t1 ! op]ator press$ ! potassium on ! ice ) a p5knife1 :5 ! :ole l5g? ( ! ice became ignit$4 ,,:ite ,,light ,,f ,,z9c4 ,z a sub/ance = light1 z9c is f> sup]ior to any ( ! metals4 ,! light :i* x yields on burn+ is z bright z t ( ! sun1 & z :ite1 s t ! eye c sc>cely endure x2 & ! effect is mu* increas$ by ! great quantity ( silv]y smoke :i* reflects ! fire1 & ?us widely increases ! sph]e ( illum9ation4 ,z9c may be us$ 9 ?9 %eets1 or 9 fil+s4 ,,brilliant ,,light ,,f ,,two ,,metals4 ,wrap a small piece ( plat9um 9 a piece ( t9-foil ( ! same size1 & expose !m ^u *>coal to ! action ( ! bl[ pipe2 :5 ! union ( ! two metals w be accompani$ by a rapid :irl+1 & by a rem>kably brilliant light4 ,if ! globule ?us melt$ be all[$ to drop into a bas9 ( wat]1 x w rema9 = "s "t r$ hot at ! bottom ( x4 ,,brilliant ,,light ,,f ,,/eel4 ,p\r into a wat*-glass a little sulphuret ( c>bon1 & light x2 hold 9 ! flame a bru% ( /eel-wire1 & x w burn beautifully4 ,a wat*-spr+ may also be burnt 9 x4 ,,light$ ,,t94 ,place ^u a piece ( t9foil a few p[d]$ cry/als ( nitrate ( copp]2 moi/5 x ) wat]2 fold up ! foil g5tly1 & wrap x 9 pap] s z to keep out ! air3 lay x ^u a plate1 & ! t9 w soon inflame4 ,,light ,,f ,,gilt ,,buttons4 ,provide a new & highly-poli%$ gilt button1 & hold x 9 a /rong light1 closely b obliquely1 ov] a %eet ( :ite pap]1 :5 x w pres5t radiations exactly l ! spokes ( a c>riage-:eel2 ! radiations be+ sixte5 9 numb]1 & a little contract$ 9 ! c5tre opposite ! eye ( ! button1 & pres5t+ altoge!r a beautiful appe>ance4 ,,light ,,f ,a ,,fl[]4 ,hold a light$ c&le to ! fl[] ( ! frax9ella1 & x w d>t =? little fla%es ( light4 ,?is beautiful appe>ance is caus$ by ! ess5tial & inflammable oil conta9$ 9 small vessels at ! extremities ( ! fl[]1 :i* vessels burn at ! approa* ( any inflam$ body1 sett+ at lib]ty ! ess5tial oil1 z t conta9$ 9 orange-peel is dis*>g$ by pressure4 ,,light ,,f ,,sug>4 ,simply break a bit ( lump sug> betwe5 ! f+]s 9 ! d>k1 & light w be produc$ at ! mom5t ( fracture4 ,or1 if p[d]$ loaf sug> be put into a spoon1 fus$1 & k9dl$ 9 ! flame ( a lamp1 x w exhibit a f9e jet ( flame4 ,,light ,,f ,,! ,,potato4 ,place a few potatoes 9 a d>k cell>1 & :5 !y become 9 a /ate ( putrefaction1 !y w give out a vivid light suffici5t to read by4 ,a few ye>s s9ce1 an (fic] on gu>d at ,/rasb\rg ?\ght ! b>racks 7 on fire1 9 consequ5ce ( ! light ?us emitt$ f a cell> full ( putrefy+ potatoes4 ,,light ,,f ,,! ,,oy/]4 ,op5 an oy/]1 reta9 ! liquor 9 ! l[] or deep %ell1 & if view$ ?r\gh a microscope1 x w be f\nd to conta9 multitudes ( small oy/]s1 cov]$ ) %ells1 & swimm+ nimbly ab\t2 "o hundr$ & tw5ty ( :i* 9 a r[ w\ld ext5d b "o in*4 ,besides ^! "y oy/]s1 ! liquor conta9s a v>iety ( animalcul1 & myriads ( ?ree di/9ct species ( worms1 :i* %9e 9 ! d>k l gl[-worms4 ,sometimes _! light resembles a blui% /> ab\t ! c5tre ( ! %ell1 :i* w be beautifully lum9\s 9 a d>k room4 ,,light ,,f ,,d]by%ire ,,sp>4 ,p\nd1 co>sely1 "s ( ! d>k blue or ! fetid v>iety ( ,d]by%ire sp>2 heat x 9 a d>k room1 9 a plat9um spoon1 ov] ! l[ flame ( a _s-lamp1 & ! sp> w %9e ) a beautiful purple t9t4 ,p\nd$ sw9e/one1 calc>e\s sp>1 & p[d]$ qu>tz1 w also give out light1 if /rewn ^u a fire-%ovel :i* has be5 heat$ r$-hot1 & has j ceas$ gl[+4 ,a v>iety ( fluor sp>1 f\nd 9 granite 9 ,sib]ia1 w %9e 9 ! d>k :5 w>m$1 ) a rem>kably /rong phosphoresc5t light1 increas+ z ! temp]ature is rais$4 ,! light augm5ts :5 ! sp> is plung$ into wat]2 & 9 boil+ wat]1 ! sp> becomes s lum9\s t ! lett]s ( a pr9t$ book c be se5 9 a d>k room ne> ! glass conta9+ x4 ,ano!r v>iety ( fluor sp>1 also f\nd 9 ,sib]ia1 is ( a pale violet col\r1 & emits a :ite light m]ely by ! heat ( ! h&2 & :5 put into boil+ wat]1 x w give out a gre5 light4 ,,light ,,f ,,oy/]-,,%ells4 ,put oy/]-%ells into a common fire2 burn !m = ab\t half an h\r2 !n remove !m into a d>k room1 :5 _m ( ! %ells w exhibit beautiful specim5s ( prismatic col\rs4 ,,r+s ,,( ,,light ,,9 ,,cry/al4 ,?is is "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ ( optical exhibitions1 & may be ?us simply produc$4 ,provide a %eet ( cle> ice1 ab\t an in* ?ick1 froz5 9 /ill wea!r2 let ! light fall ?r\gh ! ice ^u a pane ( w9d[-glass1 or a poli%$ table1 & by plac+ a fragm5t ( plate-glass ne> ! eye z a reflector1 ! mo/ beautiful r+s ( light may be obs]v$4 ,,to ,,/rike ,,light ,,) ,,cane4 ,/rike a piece ( rattan cane ) a /eel1 & x conta9s s mu* silex1 or fl9t1 t x w exhibit sp>ks ( light 9 ! d>k4 ,,cause ,,( ,,transp>5cy4 ,moi/5 a piece ( pap]1 & x w appe> m transp>5t ?an :5 9 its natural /ate2 ! cause ( :i* is z foll[s3 a piece ( dry pap] has its pores ob/ruct$ ) f9ely int]wov5 ?reads2 ^! are brok5 by ! liquor1 :i* also fills ! pores z s _m small tubes1 & p]mits ! light to pass ?r\gh x1 :]eas ! dry ?reads _h hi!rto prev5t$ its passage4 ,,transp>5cy ,,( ,,gold4 ,all bodies are m or less transp>5t4 ,?us1 ?\gh gold is "o ( ! d5se/ metals1 yet1 if a piece ( ! ?9ne/ gold-leaf be held up to a c&le1 ! light w pass ?r\gh x2 &1 t x passes ?r\gh ! sub/ance ( ! metal1 & n ?r\gh cracks or holes too small to be detect$ by ! eye1 is evid5t f ! col\r ( ! transmitt$ light1 :i* is gre54 ,,t9t ,,*ang$ ,,by ,,?ickness4 ,provide a piece ( pla9 & poli%$ smalt-blue glass1 su* z sug>-bas9s & f+] glasses are made (4 ,x %\ld be ( unequal ?ickness4 ,look ?r\gh ?is glass at a /rong light1 z t f ! crack ( a w9d[-%utt]1 9 a d>k5$ room1 &1 at ! ?9ne/ "p1 ! col\r w be purely blue4 ,z ! ?ickness increases1 a purple t+e w come on1 :i* w become m & m ruddy2 &1 if ! glass be v ?ick1 ! col\r w pass to a deep r$4 ,,%ad[s ,,made ,,d>k] ,,by ,,increas$ ,,light4 ,hold a f+] betwe5 a c&le & ! wall1 & x w ca/ a %ad[ ( a c]ta9 d>kness2 !n place ano!r c&le 9 ! same l9e ) ! o!r f ! wall1 & ! %ad[ w appe> d\bly d>k1 al?\gh !re w be m light 9 ! room ?an be=e4 ,!n sep>ate ! c&les1 & place !m s z to produce two %ad[s ( ! f+]1 "o p>tly ov]lapp+ ! o!r1 & t "p w be ( d\ble d>kness1 z comp>$ ) ! rema9d]s4 ,,m9iature ,,?und] ,,& ,,lightn+4 ,to imitate ?und]1 provide a ?9 %eet ( iron2 hold x by "o corn] betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb1 & all[ x to hang freely by its own weight4 ,!n %ake ! h& horizontally1 s z to agitate ! corn] 9 a direction at "r angles to ! surface ( ! %eet4 ,?us y may produce a great v>iety ( s\nds1 f ! deep gr[l ( di/ant ?und] to ^? l\d claps :i* rattle 9 rapid succession imm$iately ov] our heads4 ,! same effect may be produc$ by %eets ( t9n$ iron1 or t9-plate1 & by ?9 plates ( mica2 b ! s\nd is %ort] & m acute4 ,p>tial fla%es ( lightn+1 aurora borealis1 c41 may be beautifully imitat$ by tak+ 9 a spoon ab\t a dram ( ! se$s ( lycopodium1 & ?r[+ !m aga9/ a light$ c&le1 all o!r light be+ exclud$ f ! room4 ,a simil> effect may be produc$1 by lay+ "s p[d]$ res9 on a piece ( pap]1 & fillipp+ x ) ! f+] aga9/ ! flame ( a c&le4 ,,! ,,burn+ ,,glass4 ,if1 :5 ! sun %9es brightly1 a piece ( pap] be held 9 ! focus ( ! rays drawn by ! burn+-glass1 x w take fire4 ,?is exp]im5t succe$s be/ ) br[n or any d>k-col\r$ pap]3 =1 ?\gh ! glass w collect an equal numb] ( rays ^u :ite z ^u col\r$ pap]1 ! :ite pap] reflects ! rays in/ead ( all[+ !m to ent] x2 h5ce1 ! :ite is n s soon burnt z ! col\r$ pap]1 :i* absorb+ m light ?an x reflects1 soon becomes heat$ & takes fire4 ,,magic ,,( ,,heat4 ,melt a small quantity ( ! sulphate ( potass & copp] 9 a spoon ov] a _s-lamp2 x w be fus$ at a heat j bel[ r$ness1 & produce a liquid ( a d>k gre5 col\r4 ,remove ! spoon f ! flame1 :5 ! liquid w become a solid ( a brilliant em]ald-gre5 col\r1 & s rema9 till its heat s9ks ne>ly to t ( boil+ wat]1 :5 sudd5ly a commotion w take place ?r\gh\t ! mass1 beg9n+ f ! surface1 & ea* atom1 z if animat$1 w />t up & sep>ate itself f ! re/1 till1 9 a few mom5ts1 ! :ole w become a heap ( p[d]4 ,,repulsion ,,by ,,heat4 ,provide two small pieces ( glass2 spr9kle a m9ute portion ( sulphur ^u "o piece1 lay ?9 slips ( wood ar\nd x1 & place ^u x ! o!r piece ( glass4 ,move !m sl[ly ov] ! flame ( a lamp or c&le1 & ! sulphur w become sublim$1 & =m grey nebul\s pat*es1 :i* are v curi\s microscopic objects4 ,ea* clu/] consi/s ( ?\s&s ( transp>5t globules1 imitat+1 9 m9iature1 ! nebul :i* we see figur$ 9 treatises on a/ronomy4 ,by obs]v+ ! l>ge/ p>ticles1 we %all f9d !m to be flatt5$ on "o side4 ,be+ v transp>5t1 ea* ( !m acts ! "p ( a little l5s1 & =ms 9 its focus ! image ( a di/ant light1 :i* c be p]ceiv$ ev5 9 ! small] globules1 until x vani%es f m9ut5ess4 ,if !y are exam9$ aga9 aft] a c]ta9 numb] ( h\rs1 ! small] globules w g5]ally be f\nd to h reta9$ _! transp>5cy1 :ile ! l>g] ones w h become opaque1 9 consequ5ce ( ! sulphur hav+ und]gone "s int]nal spontane\s *ange4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable circum/ance att5d+ ?is exp]im5t is1 t ! globules are f\nd adh]+ to ! upp] glass only2 ! reason ( :i* is1 t ! upp] glass is some:at cool] ?an ! l[] "o2 by :i* means we see t ! vap\r ( sulphur is v p[]fully repell$ by heat$ glass4 ,! flatt5$ =m ( ! p>ticles is ow+ to ! =ce ) :i* !y endeav\r to rec$e f ! l[] glass1 & _! consequ5t pressure aga9/ ! surface ( ! upp] "o4 ,?is exp]im5t is consid]$ by its orig9ator1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,f4 ,talbot1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s41 to be a satisfactory argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! repulsive p[] ( heat4 ,,heat ,,pass+ ,,?r\gh ,,glass4 ,! foll[+ exp]im5t is also by ,mr4 ,talbot3--,heat a pok] bright-r$ hot1 & hav+ op5$ a w9d[1 apply ! pok] quickly v ne> to ! outside ( a pane1 & ! h& to ! inside2 a /rong heat w be felt at ! in/ant1 :i* w cease z soon z ! pok] is )drawn1 & may be aga9 r5ew$1 & made to cease z quickly z be=e4 ,n[1 x is well kn[n1 t if a piece ( glass is s mu* w>m$ z to convey ! impression ( heat to ! h&1 x w reta9 "s "p ( t heat = a m9ute or m2 b1 9 ?is exp]im5t1 ! heat w vani% 9 a mom5t4 ,x w n1 !re=e1 be ! heat$ pane ( glass t we %all feel1 b heat :i* has come ?r\gh ! glass1 9 a free or radiant /ate4 ,,metals ,,unequally ,,influ5c$ ,,by ,,heat4 ,all metals d n conduct heat at ! same rate1 z may be prov$ by hold+ 9 ! flame ( a c&le at ! same "t1 a piece ( silv] wire1 & a piece ( plat9a wire1 :5 ! silv] wire w become too hot to hold1 mu* soon] ?an ! plat9a4 ,or1 cut a cone ( ea* wire1 tip x ) wax1 & place x ^u a heat$ plate1 z 7a fire %ovel17 :5 ! wax w melt at diff]5t p]iods4 ,,spontane\s ,,combu/ion4 ,mix a little *lorate ( potass ) _s ( w9e 9 a /rong sauc]2 add a little sulphuric acid1 & an orange vap\r w arise & bur/ into flame4 ,,inequality ,,( ,,heat ,,9 ,,fire-,,irons4 ,place be=e a brisk fire a set ( poli%$ fire-irons1 & besides !m a r\gh unpoli%$ pok]1 su* z is us$ 9 a kit*51 or in/ead ( a bright pok]4 ,! poli%$ irons w rema9 = a long "t )\t becom+ w>m] ?an ! temp]ature ( ! room1 because ! heat radiat$ f ! fire is all reflect$1 or ?r[n (f1 by ! poli%$ surface ( ! irons1 & none ( x is absorb$4 ,! r\gh pok] w1 h[ev]1 become spe$ily hot1 s z n to be us$ )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,h5ce1 ! poli% ( fire-irons is n m]ely ornam5tal b useful4 ,,expansion ,,( ,,metal ,,by ,,heat4 ,provide an iron rod1 & fit x exactly into a metal r+2 heat ! rod r$-hot1 & x w no long] ent] ! r+4 ,obs]ve an iron gate on a w>m day1 :5 x w %ut ) difficulty2 :]eas1 x w %ut loosely & easily on a cold day4 ,,evaporation ,,( ,a ,,metal4 ,rub a globule ( m]cury ^u a silv] spoon1 & ! two metals w comb9e ) a :ite appe>ance2 heat ! spoon c>efully 9 ! flame ( a _s-lamp1 :5 ! m]cury w volatilize & disappe>1 & ! spoon may !n be poli%$ until x recov]s its usual lu/re3 if1 h[ev]1 ! m]cury be left = "s "t on ! spoon1 ! solid texture ( ! silv] w be de/roy$ ?r\gh\t1 & !n ! silv] c only be recov]$ by heat+ x 9 a ladle4 ,a ,,float+ ,,mettle ,,on ,,fire4 ,?r[ a small piece ( t m>vell\s sub/ance1 potassium1 into a bas9 ( wat]1 & x w swim ^u ! surface1 & burn ) a beautiful light1 ( a r$ col\r mix$ ) violet4 ,:5 mod]ately heat$ 9 ! air1 potassium takes fire1 & burns ) a r$ light4 ,,heat ,,& ,,cold ,,f ,,flannel4 ,put a piece ( ice into a bas91 :i* wrap up 9 _m folds ( flannel1 & ! ice may be pres]v$ = "s "t by ! fireside4 ,,ice ,,melt$ ,,by ,,air4 ,if two pieces ( ice be plac$ 9 a w>m room1 "o ( !m may be made to melt mu* soon] ?an ! o!r1 by bl[+ on x ) a pair ( bell[s4 ,,to ,,hold ,a ,,hot ,,tea-,,kettle ,,on ,,! ,,h&4 ,be sure t ! bottom ( ! kettle is well cov]$ ) soot2 :5 ! wat] 9 x boils1 remove x f ! fire1 & place x ^u ! palm ( ! h&2 no inconv5i5ce w be felt1 z ! soot w prev5t ! heat be+ transmitt$1 f ! wat] )9 & ! heat$ metal1 to ! h&4 ,,incombu/ible ,,l954 ,make a /rong solution ( borax 9 wat]1 & /eep 9 x l951 musl91 or any article ( clo?+2 :5 dry1 !y _c easily be inflam$4 ,,! ,,burn+ ,,circle4 ,light a /ick1 & :irl x r\nd ) a rapid motion1 :5 its burn+ end w produce a complete circle ( light1 al?\gh t end c only be 9 "o "p ( ! circle at ! same in/ant4 ,?is is caus$ by ! duration ( ! impression ( light ^u ! ret9a4 ,ano!r example is1 t dur+ ! tw9kl+ ( ! eye we nev] lose sight ( ! object we are view+4 ,,wat] ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,temp]atures ,,9 ,,! ,,same ,,vessel4 ,( heat & cold1 z ( wit & madness1 x may be said t 8?9 p>titions d _! b\nds divide40 ,?us1 pa9t "o-half ( ! surface ( a t9-pot ) a mixture ( lamp-black & size1 & leave ! o!r half1 or side1 bright2 fill ! vessel ) boil+ wat]1 & by dipp+ a !rmomet]1 or ev5 ! f+]1 into x %ortly aft]1 x w be f\nd to cool mu* m rapidly ^u ! black5$ ?an ^u ! bright side ( ! pot4 ,,w>m? ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,col\rs4 ,place ^u ! surface ( sn[1 z ^u ! w9d[-sill1 9 bright daylight or sun%9e1 pieces ( clo? ( ! same size & quality1 b ( diff]5t col\rs1 black1 blue1 gre51 yell[1 & :ite3 ! black clo? w soon melt ! sn[ b5ea? x1 & s9k d[nw>ds2 next ! blue1 & !n ! gre52 ! yell[ b slightly2 b ! sn[ b5ea? ! :ite clo? w be z firm z at fir/4 ,,sub/itute ,,= ,,fire4 ,put into a cup a lump ( quick-lime1 fre% f ! kiln1 p\r wat] ^u x1 & ! heat w be v great4 ,a pailful ( quick-lime1 if dipp$ 9 wat]1 & %ut closely into a box con/ruct$ = ! purpose1 w give out suffici5t heat to w>m a room1 ev5 9 v cold wea!r4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,gas ,,/eam4 ,illu/ration ,,gas ,,& ,,/eam4 ,,laugh+ ,,gas4 ,,! above fanciful appellation has be5 giv5 to nitr\s oxide1 f ! v agreeable s5sations excit$ by inhal+ x4 ,9 its pure /ate x de/roys animal life1 b loses ?is noxi\s quality :5 inhal$1 because x becomes bl5d$ ) ! atmosph]ic air :i* x meets 9 ! lungs4 ,?is gas is made by putt+ ?ree or f\r drams ( nitrate ( ammonia1 9 cry/als1 into a small glass retort1 :i* be+ held ov] a _s lamp1 ! cry/als w melt1 & ! gas be evolv$4 ,hav+ ?us produc$ ! gas1 x is to be pass$ into a l>ge bladd] hav+ a /op-cock2 & :5 y are desir\s ( exhibit+ its effects1 y cause ! p]son :o wi%es to exp]i5ce !m1 to fir/ exhale ! atmosph]ic air f ! lungs1 & !n quickly plac+ ! cock 9 8 m\?1 y turn x1 & bid him inhale ! gas4 ,imm$iately1 a s5se ( extraord9>y *e]fulness1 fanciful flights ( imag9ation1 an uncontrollable prop5sity to laught]1 & a consci\sness ( be+ capable ( great muscul> ex]tion1 sup]v5e4 ,x does n op]ate 9 exactly ! same mann] on all p]sons2 b 9 mo/ cases ! s5sations are agreeable1 & h ?is important diff]5ce f ^? produc$ by w9e or spiritu\s liquors1 t !y are n succe$$ by any depression ( m9d4 ,,! ,,lum9\s ,,w&4 ,cov] a long slip ( wood1 half-way1 ) sulphur1 by imm]sion :ile 9 a melt$ /ate4 ,hav+ prep>$ a j> ( nitr\s oxide gas1 z 9 prec$+ exp]im5ts1 light ! sulphur1 & plunge ! w& into ! j>4 ,! gas w ext+ui% ! flame4 ,)draw ! w&1 light x aga91 & :5 ! flame is v brilliant1 imm]se x aga9 9 ! j>4 ,x w ?is "t burn ) great spl5d\r1 & ( a beautiful r$ col\r4 ,,to ,,make ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas4 ,put ab\t an ounce ( m>ble 9 small lumps1 into an eight ounce phial1 ) ab\t an equal quantity ( wat]2 p\r 9 a little muriatic acid1 & c>bonic acid gas w be evolv$4 ,,c>bonic ,,acid ,,gas ,,9 ,,w9e ,,or ,,be] ,,vessels4 ,! app>5tly empty or upp] "p ( vessels 9 :i* w9e or be] is work+1 is fill$ ) ?is delet]i\s gas2 = its great weight prev5ts its asc5t f ! f]m5t+ liquid4 ,a v>iety ( /rik+ b simple exp]im5ts may be made ) ! gas 9 ?is condition4 ,light$ pap]1 or a c&le dipp$ into x1 w be imm$iately ext+ui%$2 & ! smoke rema9+ 9 ! c>bonic acid gas w r5d] its surface visible1 :i* may be ?r[n into waves by agitation1 l wat]4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ! great weight ( ! c>bonic acid gas1 x may be tak5 f a vat ( f]m5t+ liquor1 9 a jug or bottle1 & 9 ! latt]1 if well cork$1 x may be convey$ to great di/ances2 or ! gas may be drawn out ( a vessel by a cock1 l a liquid4 ,,to ,,ext+ui% ,,flame ,,) ,,gas4 ,! effects produc$ by p\r+ c>bonic acid gas f "o vessel to ano!r1 h a v s+ul> appe>ance3 if a light$ c&le be plac$ 9 a j>1 & ! gas be p\r$ ^u x1 ! flame w be ext+ui%$ 9 a few seconds1 ?\gh ! eye is incapable ( di/+ui%+ t any?+ is p\r$ out4 ,,effect ,,( ,,hydrog5 ,,on ,,! ,,voice4 ,make a hole ?r\gh a w9e cork ( suffici5t size to admit a small] cork2 ?r\gh :i* make ano!r hole1 & fix x into ! l>g] "o4 ,tie ! corks ?us fix$ into ! neck ( a bullock's bladd]1 previ\sly exhau/$ ( air2 let a tube f a bottle g5]at+ hydrog5 pass v tightly ?r\gh ! ap]ture 9 ! small cork1 & ! gas w di/5d & fill ! bladd]4 ,! in/ant x is full1 )draw ! inn] cork1 & ei!r prev5t ! escape ( ! gas by means ( ! ?umb1 or cork x closely1 till ! op]ator is ready to brea! ! gas2 to d :i*1 he %\ld put ! op5 cork into 8 m\?1 & take "o inspiration1 :51 on imm$iately speak+1 8 voice w be rem>kably %rill4 ,! effect w pass (f 9 a few seconds4 ,,magic ,,tap]4 ,provide a piece ( copp] wire1 ab\t t5 in*es long1 & fix at "o end ( x a piece ( wax tap]3 take a p9t bottle ( hydrog51 & place ! m\? d[nw>ds2 light ! tap]1 introduce x into ! bottle1 & ! gas w take fire1 & burn sl[ly t[>ds ! m\?1 :]e x is 9 contact ) ! air4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! tap] be pass$ up into ! bottle1 x w be ext+ui%$2 b1 on g5tly )draw+ x ?r\gh ! burn+ hydrog51 ! wick w be rek9dl$4 ,?is may be done sev]al times 9 succession ) ! same portion ( gas4 ,,! ,,gas ,,c&le4 ,provide a /rong glass bottle :i* w conta9 ab\t eight ounces1 or half a p9t1 into :i* put a few pieces ( z9c2 !n mix half an ounce ( sulphuric acid ) f\r ounces ( wat]1 & p\r x into ! bottle ^u ! z9c2 fit ! m\? closely ) a cork1 ?r\gh :i* put a metal tube :i* ends upw>d 9 a f9e op5+3 ! mixture 9 ! bottle w soon eff]vesce1 & hydrog5 gas w rise ?r\gh ! tube4 ,:5 x has escap$ = ab\t a m9ute1 apply a light$ pap] to ! tube1 & ! gas w burn l a c&le1 b ) a pale flame4 ,its brightness may be increas$ to brilliance1 by sift+ ov] x a small quantity ( magnesia4 ,illu/ration ,,gas ,,bubbles4 ,provide a bladd]1 fill x ) hydrog5 gas1 to be made z = ! la/ exp]im5t1 & fit ! end ( a tobacco-pipe closely into ! bladd]2 dip ! b[l ( ! pipe into soap & wat]1 &1 by press+ ! bladd]1 soap-bubbles w be =m$1 fill$ ) hydrog5 gas2 :i* bubbles1 or balloons1 w rise 9 ! air1 & keep !re = "s "t4 ,,gas-,,light ,,9 ,,! ,,day-,,"t4 ,light a /ream ( hydrog5 gas1 & x w be sc>cely visible 9 ! day-light2 b place 9 x a small coil ( plat9um wire1 or project a little oxide ( z9c ?r\gh ! flame1 & x w become v lum9\s4 ,,m9iature ,,balloons4 ,"o ( ! simple/ & mo/ beautiful exp]im5ts 9 aro/ation1 is to take a turkey's maw1 or /oma*1 prop]ly prep>$1 & to fill x ei!r ) pure hydrog5 gas1 or ! c>burett$ hydrog5 produc$ f coal4 ,if ! balloon be !n all[$ to escape 9 ! op5 air1 x w asc5d rapidly 9 ! atmosph]e3 b ! be/ me?od ( %[+ ! exp]im5t1 is to let ! balloon (f a high /aircase1 & obs]ve x asc5d to ! cupola or light1 :]e x w rema9 ne> ! highe/ po9t till ! escape ( ! gas all[ x to desc5d4 ,! prep>$ maw = ?is balloon may be pur*as$ ( any optician4 ,,m9iature ,,gas-,,light+4 ,bic>burett$ hydrog5 is ! pr9cipal con/itu5t ( ! gas burn$ 9 ! /reets3 x is procur$ f coal1 & ! process may readily be p]=m$ on a small scale4 ,put ab\t two ounces ( p\nd$ coal into an e>!n retort1 & fix a glass tube into ! neck1 t]m9at+ 9 an ap]ture ( "o-fif? ( an in* 9 diamet]2 heat ! retort r$-hot1 & apply ! flame ( a tap] to ! orifice ( ! tube1 :5 ! gas w burn ) a bright :ite light1 v diff]5t f t af=d$ by ! combu/ion ( hydrog52 a circum/ance ow+ to ! pres5ce ( p>ticles ( c>bon 9 ! c>buret1 :i* be+ int5sely ignit$1 are highly lum9\s4 ,x is no less /range ?an true1 t bic>burett$ hydrog51 ! sub/ance :i* we s l>gely consume to illum9ate our t[ns1 is e!r :5 unit$ to wat] 9 "o proportion1 & _s :5 comb9$ ) x 9 ano!r2 a fluid :i* con/itutes ! /r5g? ( all w9es1 be]1 & f]m5t$ liquors4 ,,musical ,,gas4 ,illu/ration ,into a half-p9t glass bottle1 put "s z9c1 granulat$ by be+ melt$ 9 a ladle1 & !n p\r$ gradually into wat]4 ,add "s sulphuric acid1 dilut$ ) eight p>ts by weight ( wat]4 ,!n pass a glass tube ) a capill>y bore1 ?r\gh a cork1 :i* y h previ\sly made to closely fit ! bottle1 & cork ! bottle well4 ,9 a %ort "t1 ! atmosph]ic air w be expell$1 & hydrog5 gas w rise ?r\gh ! tube2 y !n apply a light1 & ! gas w become ignit$4 ,if y n[ hold ano!r glass tube1 ab\t eighte5 or tw5ty in*es long ov] ! flame suffici5tly wide to enclose ! o!r tube v loosely 7see engrav+71 ! little speck ( flame w sport along ! l>g] tube1 & musical s\nds w be produc$1 :i* may be v>i$ by us+ o!r tubes ( diff]5t dim5sions1 & made ( diff]5t mat]ials2 ! wide tubes =m+ ! l[]1 & ! n>r[ tubes ! upp] notes4 ,,m9iature ,,w ,o'-,,!-,,wisp4 ,put a small piece or two ( ! phosphuret ( lime into a sauc] ( wat]1 :5 bubbles ( phosphurett$ hydrog5 gas w rise to ! surface1 explode into flame1 & cause a :ite smoke2 repres5t+1 on a small scale1 ! ignis fatuus1 or w o'-!-wisp1 z se5 ov] m>%y gr\nd1 or /agnant pools ( wat]4 ,,phosphoric ,,illum9ation4 ,a light s brilliant t ! eye c sc>cely be> to contemplate x1 is produc$ by ! imm]sion ( phosphorus 9 oxyg5 gas4 ,to p]=m ?is exp]im5t1 y place a piece ( phosphorus 9 a copp] cup1 ( ! circumf]5ce ( a sixp5ce1 :i* is fa/5$ to a ?ick piece ( iron wire1 atta*$ to a cork :i* fits a bottle 7z 9 ! =ego+ exp]im5t7 fill$ ) oxyg5 gas4 ,set fire to ! phosphor\s1 & quickly plunge x into ! bottle2 :5 ! spl5d\r ( ! combu/ion w be surpass+ly beautiful4 ,x is necess>y to obs]ve1 t ! heat is s excessive1 t if ! piece ( phosphor\s 9 ?is exp]im5t be l>g] ?an a small pea1 !re w be great dang] ( break+ ! bottle4 ,,combu/ion ,,( ,,iron ,,9 ,,oxyg5 ,,gas4 ,twi/ a piece ( f9e iron wire1 su* z is us$ by piano-=te mak]s1 r\nd a cyl9drically-%ap$ piece ( wood or metal1 :i* w give x a spiral =m2 or a brok5 wat*-spr+1 :i* may be b\ght = a trifle ( ! wat*-mak]s1 w answ] ! same purpose4 ,fa/5 r\nd "o end ( x "s wax$ cotton ?read or tw9e1 & atta* ! o!r end to a cork1 :i* fits a glass j> or bottle1 t w hold a qu>t1 fill$ ) oxyg5 gas4 ,hav+ made ! wire r$-hot by sett+ light to ! ?read1 plunge x into ! bottle4 ,d n cork ! bottle1 b let ! cork m]ely lay on ! m\?1 & to prev5t its be+ burn$1 a small a piece ( lead %\ld be fa/5$ to ! bottom ( x4 ,! iron w in/antly beg9 to burn ) great brilliancy1 ?r[+ out lum9\s sc9tillations4 ,to prev5t ! bottle f be+ brok5 by ! sp>ks1 a small quantity ( s& %\ld be previ\sly p\r$ into x4 ,,gl[-,,worm ,,9 ,,oxyg5 ,,gas4 ,if a gl[-worm be plac$ 9 a j> ( oxyg5 gas1 9 a d>k room1 x w %9e ) a f> surpass+ brilliancy to t :i* x exhibits 9 atmosph]ic air4 ,,lum9\s ,,*>coal4 ,atta* a small piece ( *>coal to ! end ( a copp]-wire2 make x r$-hot1 & imm]se x 9 a j> ( oxyg5 gas4 ,! *>coal w burn ) great brilliance1 ?r[+ out spl5did sc9tillations4 ,! b>k ( ! wood conv]t$ into *>coal mu/ be select$1 o!rwise !re w be no sc9tillations4 ,,brilliant ,,combu/ion ,,9 ,,oxyg54 ,place 9 a bottle ( oxyg5 gas a light$ tap]1 & x w burn ) a flame ( increas$ brilliancy4 ,ext+ui% ! tap] imm$iately2 put x into ! same or ano!r bottle ( oxyg51 & x w be aga9 light$ provid$ a sp>k rema9 on ! wick4 ,b5d a piece ( iron wire 9 a spiral =m1 & tie on to "o end "s cotton or flax2 spr9kle "s fl\r ( sulphur on x1 set x on fire1 dip x into a bottle ( oxyg5 gas1 & beautiful corruscations w be ?r[n (f ! wire4 ,,flame ,,f ,,cold ,,metals4 ,provide a bottle ( ! gas *lor9e1 :i* may be pur*as$ ( any op]ative *emi/1 & ) x y may exhibit "s brilliant exp]im5ts4 ,= example1 r$uce a small piece ( ! metal antimony to a v f9e p[] 9 a mort>2 place "s ( ?is on a b5t c>d1 !n loos5 ! /opp] ( ! bottle ( *lor9e1 & ?r[ 9 ! antimony1 x w take fire spontane\sly1 & burn ) mu* spl5d\r2 ?us exhibit+ a cold metal spontane\sly bur/+ into flame4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a lump ( antimony be dropp$ into ! *lor9e1 !re w be no spontane\s combu/ion1 nor imm$iate *ange3 b1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 ! antimony w become incru/$ ) a :ite p[d]1 & no *lor9e w be f\nd 9 ! bottle4 ,or1 provide copp] 9 f9e leaves1 kn[n z 8,dut* metal20 slightly brea! on "o end ( a glass rod1 ab\t t5 in*es long1 & cause "o or two leaves ( ! metal to adh]e to ! damp end2 !n op5 a bottle ( *lor9e1 quickly plunge 9 ! leaves1 :5 !y w in/antly take fire1 & burn ) a f9e r$ light1 leav+ 9 ! bottle a gre5i%-yell[ solid sub/ance4 ,a small lump ( copp]1 or 8,dut* metal10 w n burn z above1 b w be sl[ly act$ ^u1 l ! antimony4 ,imm]se gold leaf 9 a j> ( *lor9e gas1 & combu/ion ) a beautiful gre5 flame w take place4 ,,phosphorus ,,9 ,,*lor9e4 ,put into a deflagrat+ spoon ab\t f\r gra9s ( phosphorus1 & let x d[n into a bottle ( *lor9e1 :5 ! phosphorus w ignite in/antane\sly4 ,or1 fold a slip ( blott+-pap] into a mat* five in*es long2 dip x into oil ( turp5t9e1 dra9 x an in/ant1 drop x into ano!r bottle ( *lor9e1 :5 x w bur/ into a flame1 & deposit mu* c>bon4 ,,ca\t*\c ,,balloons4 ,put a little e!r into a bottle ( ca\t*\c1 close x tightly1 soak x 9 hot wat]1 & x w become inflat$ to a consid]able size4 ,^! globes may be made s ?9 z to be transp>5t4 ,a piece ( ca\t*\c1 ! size ( a walnut1 has ?us be5 ext5d$ to a ball fifte5 in*es 9 diamet]2 & a few ye>s s9ce1 a ca\t*\c balloon1 ?us made1 escap$ f ,philadelphia1 & 0 f\nd #acj miles f t city4 ,,to ,,increase ,,! ,,light ,,( ,,coal ,,gas4 ,lay a piece ( wire-gauze ^u ! glass *imney ( a common arg& gas burn]1 :5 ! flame w be enl>g$ to twice its =m] dim5sions1 & its light fully d\bl$4 ,if ! exp]im5t be made ) a common arg& oil-lamp1 ! flame w be (t5 enl>g$1 b s discol\r$ z to yield less light4 ,,gas ,,f ,,indian ,,rubb]4 ,put ca\t*\c9e1 or ! _s di/ill$ f ca\t*\c1 or ,indian rubb]1 into a phial1 little m ?an suffici5t to cov] ! bottom1 & ! rema9d] ( ! phial w be fill$ ) a heavy vap\r2 p\r ?is (f ! _s into ano!r phial1 apply to x a piece ( light$ pap]1 & ! vap\r w burn ) a brilliant flame4 ,,e!r ,,gas4 ,let fall a few drops ( e!r into a l>ge dr9k+-glass1 & cov] x ) a plate = a few m9utes2 dur+ ?is "t ! glass w be fill$ ) vap\r f ! e!r1 s t1 on remov+ ! plate1 & apply+ a piece ( light$ pap] at ! m\? ( ! glass1 ! invisible vap\r w take fire2 ?us prov+ h[ readily a volatile fluid1 su* z e!r1 comb9es ) ! air4 ,,magic ,,vap\r4 ,provide a glass tube1 ab\t ?ree feet long & half an in* 9 diamet]1 ne>ly fill x ) wat]1 ^u ! surface ( :i* p\r a little col\r$ e!r2 !n close ! op5 end ( ! tube c>efully ) ! palm ( ! h&1 inv]t x 9 a bas9 ( wat]1 & re/ ! tube aga9/ ! wall3 ! e!r w rise ?r\gh ! wat] to ! upp] end ( ! tube2 p\r a little hot wat] ov] ! tube1 & x w soon cause ! e!r to boil )91 & its vap\r may ?us be made to drive ne>ly all ! wat] out ( ! tube into ! bas92 if1 h[ev]1 y !n cool ! tube by p\r+ cold wat] ov] x1 ! vaporiz$ e!r w aga9 become a liquid1 & float ^u ! wat] z be=e4 ,,gas ,,f ,,! ,,union ,,( ,,metals4 ,ne>ly fill a w9e-glass ) dilut$ sulphuric acid1 & place 9 x a wire ( silv] & ano!r ( z9c1 tak+ c>e t !y d n t\* ea* o!r2 :5 ! z9c w be *ang$ by ! acid1 b ! silv] w rema9 in]t4 ,b1 cause ! upp] ends ( ! wires to t\* ea* o!r1 & a /ream ( gas w issue f !m4 ,,invisible ,,gases ,,made ,,visible4 ,p\r a little sulphuric acid ^u "s common salt 9 a sauc]4 ,into ano!r sauc] put a mixture ( ab\t two p>ts ( quick-lime & "o ( sal ammoniac1 bo? 9 p[d]1 add+ to ^! a v small quantity ( boil+ wat]4 ,ea* sauc] ap>t w yield an invisible gas3 b ! mom5t !y are br\ght closely toge!r1 v visible vap\rs w be ! result4 ,,light ,,"u ,,wat]4 ,put into an eau de ,cologne bottle two drams ( *lorate ( potass1 & ^u t salt ab\t a doz5 *ips ( phosphor\s1 & fill up ! bottle ) cold wat]3 provide a glass tube :i* w rea* to ! potass1 ?r\gh :i* p\r half-an-ounce1 by measure1 ( /rong sulphuric acid1 :5 a gas w in/antly rise1 give to ! liquid a deep yell[ col\r1 & inflame ! phosphor\s 9 a /rik+ mann]4 ,,gase\s ,,evanesc5ce4 ,add a tea-spoonful ( fum+ nitric acid to two tea-spoonfuls ( _s ( w9e1 9 a cup1 & ! liquids w pres5tly disappe> 9 ! =m ( vap\r4 ,,violet-,,col\r$ ,,gas4 ,put ?ree or f\r gra9s ( iod9e into a small clean ,flor5ce oil flask1 & close x ) a cork4 ,w>m ! flask g5tly ov] a c&le1 or be=e ! fire1 & ! iod9e w become conv]t$ into a beautiful violet-col\r$ vap\r1 :i* cond5ses aga9 into brilliant metallic cry/als1 :5 ! flask is suff]$ to become cold4 ,! exp]im5t may be repeat$ ) ! same flask = any numb] ( times4 ,or1 ^u a small %eet ( any metal1 place a few gra9s ( iod9e1 & add a *ip ( dry phosphor\s2 :5 ! latt] w inflame1 & ! iod9e pass (f 9 a violet vap\r4 ,,to ,,collect ,,gases4 ,provide a moi/5$ bladd]1 tie a piece ( tobacco-pipe firmly into its neck1 twi/+ x s z to expel ! common air4 ,?is may be fitt$ to any vessel by means ( ! pipe1 :i* may be fix$ 9 ! cork ( a bottle conta9+ gas1 & closely lut$ ) putty or clay1 or p[d]$ lime & :ite ( egg4 ,,! ,,deflagrat+ ,,spoon4 ,to introduce sub/ances into gases1 a deflagrat+ spoon is requir$4 ,x may be b\ght = half-a-cr[n2 b an in/rum5t equally useful may be made z foll[s3 cut a piece ( %eet copp] some:at l>g] ?an a sixp5ce1 & b5d x into a %all[1 cup-l =m2 twi/ f\r f9e brass wires1 ea* n9e in*es long1 tightly toge!r1 leav+ an in* at ! extremities1 :i* mu/ be spread to hold ! copp]1 z ! /r+s or *a9s ( a balance support ! scale-pan4 ,to complete x1 take a piece ( %eet-lead1 ! size ( a p5ny-piece2 make a hole ?r\gh ! c5tre l>ge en\gh to admit ! twi/$ wires1 b1 at ! same "t1 reta9+ !m firmly 9 _! position3 !n1 if ! wires w n re/ 9 ! lead by adhesion1 ! hole may be enl>g$1 ! wire put 91 & secur$ by a piece ( sold]4 ,! spoon be+ !n let d[n ?r\gh ! m\? ( a bottle1 ! circul> piece ( lead re/s ^u & /ops ! m\?4 ,,:at ,,is ,,/eam8 ,inv]t a glass goblet ov] a cup ( hot wat]1 :5 ! vap\r or /eam w be se5 to rise 9 x1 to cond5se ^u ! cold glass1 & !n to run d[n its inside2 ?us %[+ t /eam is vaporiz$ wat]1 & w1 :5 ! heat is ab/ract$ f x1 become wat] aga94 ,,! ,,/eam-,,eng9e ,,simplifi$4 ,! /eam-eng9e is mu* m intelligible ?an its "n fir/ sugge/s4 ,t "p by :i* ! ma*9]y is set 9 motion1 may be comp>$ to a syr+e1 or squirt1 ! rod ( :i* is driv5 up & d[n by /eam admitt$ above & bel[1 "o end ( ! rod be+ connect$ ) ! ma*9]y to be work$4 ,?us1 ! pi/on is made to turn ! :eels ( a railway c>riage1 or ! paddles ( a /eam-boat4 ,! ela/ic =ce ( ! /eam1 or vap\r1 by :i* ! rod is driv5 up & d[n1 may be expla9$ by ?is simple exp]im5t4 ,provide a te/ tube1 put into x a little wat]1 hold ! ?umb ov] ! m\?1 & cause ! wat] to boil by hold+ x ov] a _s-lamp4 ,!re w soon be felt a pressure aga9/ ! ?umb2 :51 if ! tube be dipp$ into cold wat]1 ! ?umb be+ /ill held at ! end1 a k9d ( suction w be felt aga9/ x4 ,n[1 ! tube resembles ! cyl9d] ( ! /eam-eng9e1 9 :i* ! pi/on moves up & d[n2 to imitate :i*1 wrap a little t[ ab\t ! end ( a piece ( /ick1 grease x ) tall[1 & fit x mod]ately tight into ! tube2 :5 ! wat] is made to boil1 ! /ick w be rais$1 & :5 ! end is dipp$ into cold wat]1 ! /ick w fall z ! pi/on rises & falls 9 ! cyl9d]4 ,,to ,,boil ,,wat] ,,by ,,/eam4 ,ne>ly fill a retort ) wat]1 & boil x ov] a lamp2 !n imm]se ! beak into a tumbl] ( cold wat]1 & ! dis5gag$ /eam w raise ! wat] to ! boil+ temp]ature1 ?\gh x be at a di/ance f ! s\rce ( heat4 ,,di/illation ,,9 ,,m9iature4 ,fill a kettle ) wat]1 & set x on ! fire2 fix a long metal tube to ! sp\t1 & z soon z ! wat] boils1 ! /eam w pass into ! tube1 & be+ cond5s$ into wat]1 w drip at ! o!r end ( ! tube1 :i* corresponds ) ! worm 9 ! /ill2 x soon1 h[ev]1 becomes z hot z ! wat]1 & !n ! cond5sation w cease3 b1 7 ! tube pass$ ?r\gh cold wat]1 z is ! worm ( ! /ill 9 a tub1 ! :ole wat] 9 ! kettle might be boil$ away1 b reproduc$ 9 ! tube1 & collect$ f x )\t ! loss ( a drop4 ,?is simple process resembles di/illation1 & ! kettle & tube ! /ill4 ,,c&le ,,or ,,fire ,,crack]s4 ,provide a numb] ( little glass bulbs1 put into ea* a drop ( wat]1 & seal x up2 if x be !n put into ! flame ( a c&le1 or ! fire1 ! heat w soon conv]t ! wat] into /eam1 & cause ! bulb to bur/ ) a l\d report4 ,,/eam ,,f ,,! ,,kettle4 ,obs]ve att5tively ! /eam t escapes f ! sp\t ( a tea-kettle1 at ! mom5t ! wat] beg9s to boil1 & y w p]ceive ! /eam to be cond5s$ 9 m9ute drops on ! int]ior edges ( ! sp\t4 ,a few mom5ts aft]w>ds1 provid$ ! wat] cont9ue to boil1 ! sp\t ( ! kettle w become p]fectly dry2 &1 at ! same "t1 close to x1 !re w be a c]ta9 space1 say f "o-half to ?ree-f\r?s ( an in*1 ?r\gh\t :i* n a p>ticle ( /eam w be p]ceptible4 ,?is may be easily expla9$4 ,:5 ! wat] 9 ! kettle beg9s to boil1 ! sp\t be+ cool] ?an ! /eam issu+ f x1 a portion ( t /eam is cond5s$4 ,z m /eam escapes1 ! metal soon becomes z hot z ! /eam1 w no long] cond5se x1 & ! sp\t becomes dry4 ,by ?is "t ! /eam w displace ! air imm$iately opposite ! orifice ( ! sp\t1 :5ce x w issue dry & invisible4 ,z x is cool$ by mix+ ) ! surr\nd+ air1 x assumes its well-kn[n cl\dy appe>ance4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,fire1 ,,wat]1 ,,& ,,air4 ,illu/ration ,,fire1 ,,wat]1 ,,& ,,air4 ,,col\r$ ,,flames4 ,a ,,v>iety ( rays ( light is exhibit$ by col\r$ flames1 :i* are n to be se5 9 :ite light4 ,?us1 pure hydrog5 gas w burn ) a blue flame1 9 :i* _m ( ! rays ( light are want+4 ,! flame ( an oil-lamp conta9s mo/ ( ! rays :i* are want+ 9 sunlight4 ,alcohol1 mix$ ) wat]1 :5 heat$ or burn$1 af=ds a flame ) no o!r rays b yell[4 ,! foll[+ salts1 if f9ely p[d]$1 & introduc$ into ! ext]ior flame ( a c&le1 or into ! wick ( a _s-lamp w communicate to flame _! peculi> col\rs3 ,muriate ( ,soda 7common salt7 ,yell[4 ,muriate ( ,pota% ,pale violet4 ,muriate ( ,lime ,brick r$4 ,muriate ( ,/rontia ,bright crimson4 ,muriate ( ,li?ia ,r$4 ,muriate ( ,b>yta ,pale apple-gre54 ,muriate ( ,copp] ,blui% gre54 ,borax ,gre54 ,or1 ei!r ( ! above salts may be mix$ ) _s ( w9e1 z direct$ = ,r$ ,fire4 ,,yell[ ,,flame4 ,burn spirits ( w9e on common table salt or saltpetre4 ,,orange-,,col\r$ ,,flame4 ,burn _s ( w9e on *loride ( calcium1 a sub/ance obta9$ by evaporat+ muriate ( lime to dryness4 ,,em]ald ,,gre5 ,,flame4 ,burn _s ( w9e on a little p[d]$ nitrate ( copp]4 ,,in/antane\s ,,flame4 ,heat toge!r potassium & sulphur1 & !y w in/antly burn v vividly4 ,heat a little nitre 9 a fire-%ovel1 spr9kle on x fl\r ( sulphur1 & x w in/antly burn4 ,if iron fil+s be ?r[n ^u r$-hot nitre1 !y w detonate & burn4 ,p\nd1 sep>ately1 equal p>ts ( *lorate ( pota% & lump sug>2 mix !m1 & put ^u a plate a small quantity2 dip a ?read into sulphuric acid1 t\* ! p[d] ) x1 & x w bur/ into a brilliant flame4 ,or1 put a few gra9s ( *lorate ( pota% into a table-spoonful ( _s ( w9e2 add "o or two drops ( sulphuric acid1 & ! :ole w bur/ into a beautiful flame4 ,,! ,,cup ,,( ,,flame4 ,put a little newly calc9$ magnesia into a tea-cup ^u ! he>? or hob1 & sudd5ly p\r 9 z mu* conc5trat$ sulphuric acid z w cov] ! magnesia2 9 an in/ant1 sp>ks w be ?r[n out1 & ! mixture w become completely ignit$4 ,to prev5t accid5ts1 ! phial conta9+ ! sulphuric acid %\ld be ti$ to ! end ( a long /ick4 ,,to ,,cool ,,flame ,,by ,,metal4 ,encircle ! v small flame ( a lamp ) a cold iron wire1 :i* w in/antly cause its ext9ction4 ,,pro( ,,t ,,flame ,,is ,,holl[4 ,p\r "s _s ( w9e into a wat*-glass1 & inflame x2 place a /raw across ?is flame1 & x w only be ignit$ & *>r$ at ! out] edge2 ! middle ( ! /raw w be un9jur$1 = !re is no ignit$ matt] 9 ! c5tre ( ! flame4 ,or1 introduce into ! middle ( ! flame "o end ( a glass tube1 :5 ! vap\r w rise ?r\gh x1 & may be light$ at ! o!r end ( ! tube4 ,,camphor ,,sublim$ ,,by ,,flame4 ,set a metallic plate ov] ! flame ( a _s-lamp2 place ^u x a small portion ( camphor "u a glass funnel2 & ! camphor w be beautifully sublim$ by ! heat ( ! lamp1 9 an effloresc5t cru/ on ! sides ( ! funnel4 ,,gre5 ,,fire4 ,a beautiful gre5 fire may be ?us made4 ,take ( fl\r ( sulphur1 ?irte5 p>ts2 nitrate ( b>yta1 sev5ty-sev52 oxymuriate ( potassa1 five2 metallic ars5ic1 two2 & *>coal1 ?ree4 ,let ! nitrate ( b>yta be well dri$ & p[d]$2 !n add to x ! o!r +r$i5ts1 all f9ely pulv]iz$1 & exce$+ly well mix$ & rubb$ toge!r4 ,place a portion ( ! composition 9 a small t9 pan1 hav+ a poli%$ reflector fitt$ to "o side1 & set light to x2 :5 a spl5did gre5 illum9ation w be ! result4 ,by add+ a little calam9e1 x w burn m sl[ly4 ,,brilliant ,,r$ ,,fire4 ,weigh five ounces ( dry nitrate ( /rontia1 "o ounce & a half ( f9ely-p[d]$ sulphur1 five drams ( *lorate ( pota%1 & f\r drams ( sulphuret ( antimony4 ,p[d] ! *lorate ( pota% & ! sulphuret ( antimony sep>ately 9 a mort>1 & mix !m on pap]2 aft] :i*1 add !m to ! o!r +r$i5ts1 previ\sly p[d]$ & mix$4 ,no o!r k9d ( mixture ?an rubb+ toge!r on pap] is requir$4 ,= use1 mix ) a portion ( ! p[d] a small quantity ( _s ( w9e1 9 a t9 pan resembl+ a *eese-toa/]1 light ! mixture1 & x w %$ a ri* crimson hue3 :5 ! fire burns dim & badly1 a v small quantity ( f9ely-p[d]$ *>coal or lamp-black w revive x4 ,,purple ,,fire4 ,dissolve *loride ( li?ium 9 _s ( w9e2 & :5 light$1 x w burn ) a purpli% flame4 ,,silv] ,,fire4 ,place ^u a piece ( burn+ *>coal a morsel ( ! dri$ cry/als ( nitrate ( silv]1 7n ! lun> cau/ic17 & x w imm$iately ?r[ out ! mo/ beautiful sp>ks t c be imag9$1 :il/ ! surface ( ! *>coal w be coat$ ) silv]4 ,,! ,,fi]y ,,m\nta94 ,put into a glass tumbl] fifte5 gra9s ( f9ely granulat$ z9c1 & six gra9s ( phosphorus cut into v small pieces1 b5ea? wat]4 ,mix 9 ano!r glass1 gradually1 a dram ( sulphuric acid ) two drams ( wat]4 ,remove bo? glasses into a d>k room1 & !re p\r ! dilut$ acid ov] ! z9c & phosphorus 9 ! glass3 9 a %ort "t1 beautiful jets ( blui% flame w d>t f all p>ts ( ! surface ( ! mixture2 x w become q lum9\s1 & beautiful lum9\s smoke w rise 9 a column f ! glass2 ?us repres5t+ a f\nta9 ( fire4 ,,! ,,artificial ,,conflagration4 ,put into a small1 n>r[-neck$ e>!n bottle1 half an ounce ( muriate ( ammonia1 an ounce ( camphor1 & two ounces ( highly rectifi$ _s ( w9e2 set fire to x1 & ! room w seem to be 9 flames4 ,?is exp]im5t %\ld be p]=m$ 9 ! d>k4 ,,inflammable ,,p[d]4 ,heat a small portion ( ! grey p[d] ( alum9um1 & x w ignite1 inflame1 & burn ) great rapidity4 ,or1 bl[ a little ( ?is p[d] into ! flame ( a c&le1 & x w produce a small %[] ( sp>ks1 brilliant z ^? f iron fil+s4 ,,combu/ion ,,)\t ,,flame4 ,light a small gre5 wax-tap]2 9 a m9ute or two1 bl[ out ! flame1 & ! wick w cont9ue r$-hot = _m h\rs2 &1 if ! tap] 7 regul>ly & c>efully uncoil$1 & ! room kept free f curr5ts ( air1 ! wick w\ld burn on 9 ?is mann] until ! :ole tap] 7 consum$4 ,! same effect is n produc$ :5 ! col\r ( ! wax is r$1 on :i* acc\nt1 r$ wax-tap]s are saf] ?an gre52 = ! latt]1 if left imp]fectly ext+ui%$1 may set fire to any object ) :i* !y are 9 contact4 ,,combu/ion ,,( ,,?ree ,,metals4 ,mix a gra9 or two ( potassium ) an equal quantity ( sodium2 add a globule ( quicksilv]1 & ! ?ree metals1 :5 %ak51 w take fire1 & burn vividly4 ,,to ,,make ,,pap] ,,incombu/ible4 ,take a smoo? cyl9drical piece ( metal1 ab\t "o in* & a half 9 diamet]1 & eight in*es long2 wrap v closely r\nd x a piece ( clean writ+ pap]1 !n hold ! pap] 9 ! flame ( a _s-lamp1 & x w n take fire2 b x may be held !re = a consid]able "t1 )\t be+ 9 ! lea/ affect$ by ! flame4 ,,s+ul> ,,exp]im5ts ,,) ,,glass ,,tubes4 ,a mo/ rem>kable ph5om5on is produc$ 9 glass tubes1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances4 ,:5 ^! are laid be=e a fire 9 a horizontal position1 hav+ _! extremities prop]ly support$1 !y acquire a rotatory motion r\nd _! axis1 & also a progressive motion t[>ds ! fire1 ev5 :5 _! supports are decl9+ f ! fire1 s t ! tubes w move a little way upw>ds to ! fire4 ,:5 ! progressive motion ( ! tubes t[>ds ! fire is /opp$ by any ob/acle1 _! rotation /ill cont9ues4 ,:5 ! tubes are plac$ 9 a ne>ly upright po/ure1 lean+ to ! "r h&1 ! motion w be f ea/ to we/2 b if !y lean to ! left h&1 ! motion w be f we/ to ea/2 & ! ne>] !y are plac$ to ! upright po/ure1 ! less w ! motion be ei!r way4 ,if ! tube be plac$ horizontally on a glass plane1 ! fragm5t1 = in/ance1 ( coa* w9d[ glass1 in/ead ( mov+ t[>ds ! fire1 x w move f x1 & ab\t its axis 9 a contr>y direction to :at x _h done be=e2 nay1 x w rec$e f ! fire1 & move a little upw>ds1 :5 ! plane incl9es t[>ds ! fire4 ,^! exp]im5ts succe$ be/ ) tubes ab\t tw5ty or tw5ty-two in*es long1 :i* h 9 ea* end a pretty /rong p9 fix$ 9 cork = _! axis4 ,,aquatic ,,bomb4 ,drop ab\t two gra9s ( potassium into a sauc] ( cold wat]4 ,x w in/antly bur/ into flame1 ) a slight explosion1 burn vividly on ! surface1 & d>t ab\t ) great viol5ce 9 ! =m ( a r$-hot fire ball4 ,,heat ,,n ,,to ,,be ,,e/imat$ ,,by ,,t\*4 ,hold bo? h&s 9 wat] :i* causes ! !rmomet] to rise to n9ety degrees1 & :5 ! liquid has become /ill1 y w be ins5sible ( ! heat1 & t ! h& is t\*+ any ?+4 ,!n remove "o h& to wat] t causes ! !rmomet] to rise to #bjj degrees1 & ! o!r 9 wat] at ?irty-two degrees4 ,aft] hold+ ! h&s ?us = "s "t1 remove !m1 & aga9 imm]se !m 9 ! wat] at n9ety degrees2 :5 y w feel w>m? 9 "o h& & cold 9 ! o!r4 ,to ! h& :i* _h be5 imm]s$ 9 ! wat] at ?irty-two degrees1 ! wat] at n9ety degrees w feel hot2 & to ! h& :i* _h be5 imm]s$ 9 ! wat] at #bjj degrees1 ! wat] at n9ety degrees w feel cold4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! t\* 9 ?is case be tru/$1 ! same wat] w be judg$ to be hot & cold at ! same "t4 ,,flame ,,^u ,,wat]4 ,fill a w9e-glass ) cold wat]1 p\r lightly ^u its surface a little e!r2 light x by a slip ( pap]1 & x w burn = "s "t4 ,,rose-,,col\r$ ,,flame ,,on ,,wat]4 ,drop a globule ( potassium1 ab\t ! size ( a l>ge pea1 into a small cup ne>ly full ( wat]1 conta9+ a drop or two ( /rong nitric acid2 ! mom5t t ! metal t\*es ! liquid1 x w float ^u its surface1 envelop$ ) a beautiful rose-col\r$ flame1 & entirely dissolve4 ,,to ,,set ,a ,,mixture ,,on ,,fire ,,) ,,wat]4 ,p\r into a sauc] a little sulphuric acid1 & place ^u x a *ip ( sodium1 :i* w float & rema9 un9flam$2 b ! addition ( a drop ( wat] w set x on fire4 ,,waves ,,( ,,fire ,,on ,,wat]4 ,on a lump ( ref9$ sug> let fall a few drops ( phosphurett$ e!r1 & put ! sug> into a glass ( w>m wat]1 :i* w in/antly appe> on fire at ! surface1 & 9 waves1 if g5tly bl[n ) ! brea?4 ,?is exp]im5t %\ld be exhibit$ 9 ! d>k4 ,,explosion ,,9 ,,wat]4 ,?r[ v small pieces ( phosphuret ( potassium into a bas9 ( wat]1 & !y w produce sep>ate explosions4 ,! same sub/ance w also burn ) great brilliancy1 :5 expos$ to air4 ,,wat] ,,f ,,! ,,flame ,,( ,a ,,c&le4 ,hold a cold & dry bell-glass ov] a light$ c&le1 & wat]y vap\r w be directly cond5s$ on ! cold surface2 !n close ! m\? ( ! glass ) a c>d or plate1 & turn ! m\? upp]mo/2 remove ! c>d1 quickly p\r 9 a little lime-wat]1 a p]fectly cle> liquid1 & x w in/antly become turbid & milky1 ^u meet+ ) ! cont5ts ( ! glass1 j z lime-wat] *anges :5 dropp$ into a glass ( wat]4 ,,=mation ,,( ,,wat] ,,by ,,fire4 ,put into a tea-cup a little _s ( w9e1 set x on fire1 & inv]t a l>ge bell-glass ov] x4 ,9 a %ort "t1 a ?ick wat]y vap\r w be se5 ^u ! inside ( ! bell1 :i* may be collect$ by a dry sponge4 ,,boil+ ,,^u ,,cold ,,wat]4 ,provide a tall glass j>1 fill$ ) cold wat]1 & place 9 x an air !rmomet]1 :i* w ne>ly rea* ! surface2 ^u ! surface place a small copp] bas91 into :i* put a little live *>coal3 ! surface ( ! wat] w soon be made to boil1 :ile ! !rmomet] w %[ t ! wat] b5ea? is sc>cely w>m] ?an x 0 at fir/4 ,,curr5ts ,,9 ,,boil+ ,,wat]4 ,fill a l>ge glass tube ) wat]1 & ?r[ into x a few p>ticles ( bruis$ amb]2 !n hold ! tube1 by a h&le = ! purpose1 upright 9 ! flame ( a lamp1 &1 z ! wat] becomes w>m1 x w be se5 t curr5ts1 c>ry+ ) !m ! pieces ( amb]1 w beg9 to asc5d 9 ! c5tre1 & to desc5d t[>ds ! circumf]5ce ( ! tube4 ,^! curr5ts w soon become rapid 9 _! motions1 & cont9ue till ! wat] boils4 ,,hot ,,wat] ,,light] ,,?an ,,cold4 ,p\r into a glass tube1 ab\t t5 in*es long1 & "o in* 9 diamet]1 a little wat] col\r$ ) p9k or o!r dye2 !n fill x up gradually & c>efully ) col\rless wat]1 s z n to mix !m3 apply heat at ! bottom ( ! tube1 & ! col\r$ wat] w asc5d & be diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,! circulation ( w>m wat] may be v pleas+ly %[n1 by heat+ wat] 9 a tube simil> to ! =ego+2 ! wat] hav+ diffus$ 9 x "s p>ticles ( amb]1 or o!r light sub/ance n soluble 9 wat]4 ,,expansion ,,( ,,wat] ,,by ,,cold4 ,all fluids1 except wat]1 dim9i% 9 bulk till !y freeze4 ,?us1 fill a l>ge !rmomet] tube ) wat]1 say ( ! temp]ature ( eighty degrees1 & !n plunge ! bulb into p\nd$ ice & salt1 or any o!r freez+ mixture3 ! wat] w g on %r9k+ 9 ! tube till x has atta9$ ! temp]ature ( ab\t =ty degrees2 & !n1 in/ead ( cont9u+ to contract till x freezes1 7z is ! case ) all o!r liquids17 x w be se5 sl[ly to exp& & consequ5tly to rise 9 ! tube until x congeals4 ,9 ?is case1 ! expansion bel[ =ty degrees1 & above =ty degrees1 seems to be equal3 s t ! wat] w be ( ! same bulk at ?irty-two degrees z at =ty-eight degrees1 t is1 at eight degrees above or bel[ =ty degrees4 ,,! ,,cup ,,( ,,tantalus4 ,?is pretty toy may be pur*as$ at any optician's = two or ?ree %ill+s4 ,x consi/s ( a cup1 9 :i* is plac$ a /&+ human figure1 conceal+ a syphon1 or b5t tube1 ) "o end long] ?an ! o!r4 ,?is rises 9 "o leg ( ! figure to rea* ! *91 & desc5ds ?r\gh ! o!r leg ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! cup to a res]voir b5ea?4 ,if y p\r wat] 9 ! cup1 x w rise 9 ! %ort] leg by its upw>d pressure1 driv+ out ! air be=e x ?r\gh ! long] leg2 & :5 ! cup is fill$ above ! b5d ( ! syphon1 7t is1 level ) ! *9 ( ! figure17 ! pressure ( ! wat] w =ce x ov] into ! long] leg ( ! syphon1 & ! cup w be empti$3 ! toy ?us imitat+ ,tantalus ( my?ology1 :o is repres5t$ by ! poets z puni%$ 9 ,erebus ) an insatiable ?ir/1 & plac$ up to ! *9 9 a pool ( wat]1 :i*1 h[ev]1 fl[$ away z soon z he attempt$ to ta/e x4 ,,imitative ,,div+ ,,bell4 ,ne>ly fill a bas9 ) wat]1 & put ^u its surface a float+ light$ wick or tap]2 ov] ?is place a glass goblet1 m\? d[nw>ds1 & pu% x into ! wat]1 :i* w be kept out1 :il/ ! wick w cont9ue to float & burn "u ! goblet2 ?us imitat+ ! liv+ inmate ( a div+ bell1 :i* is m]ely a l>g] goblet1 ) a man in/ead ( a c&le )9 x4 ,,! ,,wat]-,,pro( ,,sieve4 ,fill a v f9e wire-gauze sieve ) wat]1 & x w n run ?r\gh ! int]/ices1 b be reta9$ among !m by capill>y attraction4 ,,m ,,?an ,,full4 ,fill a glass to ! brim ) wat]1 & y may add to x _s ( w9e )\t caus+ ! wat] to ov]fl[1 z ! _s w ent] into ! pores ( ! wat]4 ,,to ,,cause ,,w9e ,,& ,,wat] ,,to ,,*ange ,,places4 ,fill a small n>r[-neck$ bulb ) port w9e1 or ) wat] & col\r$ _s ( w9e1 & put ! bulb into a tall1 n>r[ glass j>1 :i* is !n to be fill$ up ) cold wat]3 imm$iately1 ! col\r$ fluid w issue f ! bulb1 & accumulate on ! surface ( ! wat] 9 ! j>1 :ile col\rless wat] w be se5 accumulat+ at ! bottom ( ! bulb4 ,by close inspection1 ! desc5d+ curr5t ( ! wat] may also be obs]v$1 & ! col\r$ & ! col\rless liquids be se5 to pass ea* o!r 9 ! n>r[ neck ( ! bulb )\t mix+4 ,! :ole ( ! col\r$ fluid w %ortly h asc5d$1 & ! bulb w be entirely fill$ ) cle> wat]4 ,,pyramid ,,( ,,alum4 ,put a lump ( alum into a tumbl] ( wat]1 &1 z ! alum dissolves1 x w assume ! %ape ( a pyramid4 ,! cause ( ! alum decreas+ 9 ?is peculi> =m is briefly z foll[s3 at fir/1 ! wat] dissolves ! alum v fa/1 b z ! alum becomes unit$ ) ! wat]1 ! solv5t p[] ( ! latt] dim9i%es4 ,! wat]1 :i* comb9es fir/ ) ! alum1 becomes heavi] by ! union1 & falls to ! bottom ( ! glass2 :]e x ceases to dissolve any m1 al?\gh ! wat] :i* x has displac$ f ! bottom has ris5 to ! top ( ! glass1 & is !re act+ ^u ! alum4 ,:5 ! solution has ne>ly t]m9at$1 if y closely exam9e ! lump1 y w f9d x cov]$ ) geometrical figures1 cut out1 z x 71 9 relief1 ^u ! mass2 %[+1 n only t ! cohesion ( ! atoms ( ! alum resi/s ! p[] ( solution 9 ! wat]1 b t1 9 ! pres5t in/ance1 x resi/s x m 9 "s directions ?an 9 o!rs4 ,inde$ ?is exp]im5t beautifully illu/rates ! opposite action ( cohesion & repulsion4 ,,visible ,,vibration4 ,provide a glass goblet ab\t two-?irds fill$ ) col\r$ wat]1 draw a fiddle-b[ aga9/ its edge1 & ! surface ( ! wat] w exhibit a pleas+ figure1 compos$ ( fans1 f\r1 six1 or eight 9 numb]1 dep5d5t on ! dim5sions ( ! vessel1 b *iefly on ! pit* ( ! note produc$4 ,illu/ration ,or1 ne>ly fill a glass ) wat]1 draw ! b[ /rongly aga9/ its edge1 ! wat] w be elevat$ & depress$2 &1 :5 ! vibration has ceas$1 & ! surface ( ! wat] has become tranquil1 ^! elevations w be exhibit$ 9 ! =m ( a curv$ l9e1 pass+ r\nd ! int]ior surface ( ! glass1 & above ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,if ! action ( ! b[ be /rong1 ! wat] w be spr9kl$ on ! inside ( ! glass1 above ! liquid surface1 & ?is spr9kl+ w %[ ! curv$ l9e v p]fectly1 z 9 ! engrav+4 ,! wat] %\ld be c>efully p\r$1 s t ! glass above ! liquid be pres]v$ dry2 ! portion ( ! glass betwe5 ! edge & ! curv$ l9e1 w !n be se5 p>tially spr9kl$2 b betwe5 ! level ( ! wat] & ! curv$ l9e1 x w h become :olly wett$1 !reby indicat+ ! height to :i* ! fluid has be5 ?r[n4 ,,*>coal ,,9 ,,sug>4 ,! elem5ts ( sug> are c>bon & wat]1 z may be prov$ by ! foll[+ exp]im5t3 ,put into a glass a table-spoonful ( p[d]$ sug>1 & mix x into a ?9 pa/e ) a little wat]1 & r m ?an its bulk ( sulphuric acid2 /ir ! mixture toge!r1 ! sug> w soon black51 fro? up1 & %oot l a caulifl[] out ( ! glass3 &1 dur+ ! sep>ation ( ! *>coal1 a l>ge quantity ( /eam w also be evolv$4 ,,float+ ,,ne$les4 ,fill a cup ) wat]1 g5tly lay on its surface small f9e ne$les1 & !y w float4 ,,wat] ,,9 ,a ,,sl+4 ,half fill a mug ) wat]1 place x 9 a sl+1 & y may :irl x ar\nd y )\t spill+ a drop2 = ! wat] t5ds m away f ! c5tre ( motion t[>ds ! bottom ( ! mug1 ?an t[>ds ! e>? by gravity4 ,,attraction ,,9 ,a ,,glass ,,( ,,wat]4 ,p\r wat] into a glass tumbl]1 p]fectly dry1 & x may be rais$ above ! edge1 9 a convex =m2 because ! p>ticles ( ! wat] h m attraction = ea* o!r ?an = ! dry glass2 wet ! edge1 & !y w be in/antly attract$1 & ov]fl[1 & ! wat] w s9k into a concave =m4 ,,to ,,prev5t ,,cork ,,float+ ,,9 ,,wat]4 ,place at ! bottom ( a vessel ( wat]1 a piece ( cork1 s smoo?ly cut t no wat] gets betwe5 its l[] surface & ! surface ( ! bottom1 :5 x w n rise1 b rema9 fix$ !re1 because x is press$ d[nw>d by ! wat] f above1 & !re is no pressure f bel[ to c\nt]-balance x4 ,,in/antane\s ,,freez+4 ,dur+ fro/y wea!r1 let a vessel be half fill$ ) wat]1 cov] x closely1 & place x 9 ! op5 air1 9 a situation :]e x w n exp]i5ce any commotion3 x w !reby frequ5tly acquire a degree ( cold m int5se ?an t ( ice1 )\t be+ froz54 ,if ! vessel1 h[ev]1 be agitat$ ev] s little1 or receive ev5 a slight bl[1 ! wat] w imm$iately freeze ) s+ul> rapidity4 ,! cause ( ?is ph5om5on is1 t wat] does n congeal unless its p>ticles unite toge!r1 & assume among !mselves a new arrangem5t4 ,! cold] ! wat] becomes1 ! ne>] its p>ticles approa* ea* o!r2 & ! fluid :i* keeps x 9 fusion gradually escapes2 b ! %ak+ ( ! vessel de/roys ! equilibrium1 & ! p>ticles fall "o ^u ano!r1 unit+ 9 a mass ( ice4 ,or1 provide a glass full ( cold wat]1 & let fall on its surface a few drops ( sulphuret ( c>bon1 :i* w in/antly become cov]$ ) icy network3 fea!ry bran*es w !n d>t f ! sulphuret1 ! :ole cont5ts ( ! glass w become solidifi$1 & ! globules w exhibit all ! col\rs ( ! ra9b[4 ,,to ,,freeze ,,wat] ,,) ,,e!r4 ,fill a v ?9 glass tube ) wat]4 ,close x at "o end1 & wrap musl9 r\nd x3 !n frequ5tly imm]se ! tube 9 /rong e!r1 all[+ :at ! musl9 soaks ea* "t to evaporate1 & 9 a %ort "t ! wat] w be froz54 ,,production ,,( ,,nitre4 ,dip into ! above solution a piece ( pap]3 if its col\r be *ang$ to br[n1 a drop or two m acid mu/ be cauti\sly appli$3 if1 on ! contr>y1 x r$d5s litmus pap]1 a small globule or two ( potassium w be requir$2 ! object be+ to obta9 a neutral solution3 if x !n be c>efully evaporat$ to ab\t half its bulk1 & set aside1 beautiful cry/als w beg9 to =m1 :i* w be ^? ( ! nitrate ( pota%1 commonly call$ nitre1 or saltpetre4 ,,curi\s ,,transposition4 ,take a glass ( jelly1 & place x m\? d[nw>d1 j "u ! surface ( w>m wat] 9 a bas93 ! jelly w soon be dissolv$ by ! heat1 &1 be+ heavi] ?an ! wat]1 x w s9k1 :ile ! glass w be fill$ ) wat] 9 its /ead4 ,,animal ,,b>omet]4 ,keep "o or two lee*es 9 a glass bottle ne>ly fill$ ) wat]2 tie ! m\? ov] ! co>se l951 & *ange ! wat] e two or ?ree days4 ,! lee* may !n s]ve = a b>omet]1 z x w inv>iably asc5d or desc5d 9 ! wat] z ! wea!r *anges f dry to wet2 & x w g5]ally come to ! surface prior to a ?und]-/orm4 ,,magic ,,soap4 ,p\r into a phial a small quantity ( oil1 ) ! same ( wat]1 &1 h[ev] viol5tly y %ake !m1 !y _c be mix$1 = ! wat] & oil h no aff9ity = ea* o!r2 b1 if a little ammonia be add$1 & ! phial be !n %ak51 ! :ole w be mix$ into a liquid soap4 ,,equal ,,pressure ,,( ,,wat]4 ,tie up 9 a bladd] ( wat]1 an egg & a piece ( v s(t wax1 & place x 9 a box1 s z to t\* its sides & bottom2 !n1 lay loosely ^u ! bladd] a brass or o!r metal plate1 ^u :i* place a hundr$ p\nds weight1 or m2 :5 ! egg & ! wax1 ?\gh press$ by ! wat] ) all its weight1 be+ equally press$ 9 all directions1 w n be 9 ! lea/ ei!r cru%$ or alt]$ 9 %ape4 ,,to ,,empty ,a ,,glass ,,"u ,,wat]4 ,fill a w9e-glass ) wat]1 place ov] its m\? a c>d1 s z to prev5t ! wat] f escap+1 & put ! glass1 m\? d[nw>ds1 into a bas9 ( wat]4 ,next1 remove ! c>d1 & raise ! glass p>tly above ! surface1 b keep its m\? bel[ ! surface1 s t ! glass /ill rema9s completely fill$ ) wat]4 ,!n ins]t "o end ( a quill or re$ 9 ! wat] bel[ ! m\? ( ! glass1 & bl[ g5tly at ! o!r end1 :5 air w asc5d 9 bubbles to ! highe/ "p ( ! glass1 & expel ! wat] f x2 &1 if y cont9ue to bl[ ?r\gh ! quill1 all ! wat] w be empti$ f ! glass1 :i* w be fill$ ) air4 ,,to ,,empty ,a ,,glass ,,( ,,wat] ,,)\t ,,t\*+ ,,x4 ,hang ov] ! edge ( ! glass a ?ick ske9 ( cotton1 & ! wat] w sl[ly be decreas$ till ! glass is empty4 ,a t[el w empty a bas9 ( wat] 9 ! same way4 ,,decomposition ,,( ,,wat]4 ,! readie/ means ( decompos+ wat] is z foll[s3 take a gun-b>rel1 ! bree* ( :i* has be5 remov$1 & fill x ) iron wire1 coil$ up4 ,place x across a *af+-di% fill$ ) light$ *>coal1 & connect to "o end ( ! b>rel a small glass retort conta9+ "s wat]2 &1 to ! o!r1 a b5t tube1 op5+ "u ! %elf ( a wat] ba?4 ,heat ! b>rel r$ hot1 & apply a lamp "u ! retort3 ! /ream ( wat]1 9 pass+ ov] ! r$-hot iron ( ! b>rel1 w be decompos$1 ! oxyg5 w unite ) ! iron1 & ! hydrog5 may be collect$ 9 ! =m ( gas at ! end ( ! tube ov] ! wat]4 ,,wat] ,,heavi] ,,?an ,,w9e4 ,let a tumbl] be half-fill$ ) wat]1 & fit ^u its surface a piece ( :ite pap]1 ^u :i* p\r w9e2 !n c>efully draw out ! pap]1 say ) a knitt+-ne$le1 s z to di/urb ! liquids z little z possible1 & ! wat]1 be+ ! heavi]1 w cont9ue at ! l[] "p ( ! glass2 :il/ ! w9e1 be+ ! light]1 w keep above x4 ,b1 if a glass be fir/ half-fill$ ) w9e1 & wat] be p\r$ ov] x1 x w at once s9k ?r\gh ! w9e1 & bo? liquids w be mix$4 ,,to ,,inflate ,a ,,bladd] ,,)\t ,,air4 ,put a tea-spoonful ( e!r into a moi/5$ bladd]1 ! neck ( :i* tie up tightly2 p\r hot wat] ^u ! bladd]1 & ! e!r1 by exp&+1 w fill x out4 ,,air ,,& ,,wat] ,,balloon4 ,procure a small holl[ glass vessel1 ! %ape ( a balloon1 ! l[] "p ( :i* is op51 & place x 9 wat]1 ) ! m\? d[nw>ds1 s t ! air )9 prev5ts ! wat] fill+ x4 ,!n fill a deep glass j> ne>ly to ! top ) wat]1 & place ! balloon to float on its surface2 tie ov] ! j> ) a bladd]1 s z to conf9e ! air betwe5 x & ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,press ! h& on ! bladd]1 :5 m wat] w ent] ! balloon1 & x w soon s9k to ! bottom ( ! j>2 b1 on remov+ y\r h&1 ! balloon w aga9 asc5d sl[ly to ! surface4 ,,heat$ ,,air ,,balloon4 ,make a balloon1 by pa/+ toge!r gores ( bank po/ pap]2 pa/e ! l[] ends r\nd a sl5d] hoop1 f :i* proce$ sev]al wires1 t]m9at+ 9 a k9d ( basket1 suffici5tly /rong to support a sponge dipp$ 9 _s ( w9e4 ,:5 ! _s is set on fire1 its combu/ion w produce a mu* great] degree ( heat ?an any ord9>y flame3 & by ?us r>efy+ ! air )9 ! balloon1 w enable x to rise ) great rapidity1 to a consid]able height4 ,,! ,,pneumatic ,,t9d]-,,box4 ,provide a small /\t brass tube1 ab\t six in*es long1 & half an in* 9 diamet]1 clos$ at "o end1 & fitt$ ) a holl[ air-tight pi/on1 conta9+ 9 its cavity a scrap ( amad\1 or ,g]man t9d]4 ,sudd5ly drive ! pi/on into ! tube by a /rong j]k ( ! h&s2 & ! compression ( ! air 9 ! tube w give out s mu* heat z to light ! t9d]2 & ^u quickly draw+ out ! pi/on1 ! gl[+ t9d] w k9dle a mat*4 ,,! ,,bac*us ,,exp]im5t4 ,?is exp]im5t1 %[+ ! ela/icity ( air1 is p]=m$ ) a pleas+ toy4 ,x repres5ts a figure ( ,bac*us sitt+ across a cask1 9 :i* are two sep>ate comp>tm5ts4 ,put into "o ( !m a portion ( w9e or col\r$ liquid1 & place ! app>atus "u ! exhau/$ receiv] ( an air-pump1 :5 ! ela/ic =ce ( ! conf9$ air w cause ! liquid to asc5d a transp>5t glass tube1 7fitt$ on purpose17 into ! m\? ( ! ,bac*analian figure4 ,to r5d] ! exp]im5t m /rik+1 a bladd]1 ) a small quantity ( air !re91 is fa/5$ ar\nd ! figure1 & cov]$ ) a loose silk5 robe1 :5 ! air 9 ! bladd] w exp&1 & produce an app>5t increase 9 ! bulk ( ! figure1 z if occasion$ by ! excess ( liquor drunk4 ,,! ,,my/]i\s ,,circles4 ,cut f a c>d two discs or circul> pieces1 ab\t two in*es 9 diamet]2 9 ! c5tre ( "o ( !m make a hole1 into :i* put ! tube ( a common quill1 "o end be+ ev5 ) ! surface ( ! c>d4 ,make ! o!r piece ( c>d a little convex1 & lay its c5tre ov] ! end ( ! quill1 ) ! concave side ( ! c>d d[nw>d2 ! c5tre ( ! upp] c>d be+ f "o-eigh? to "o-f\r? ( an in* above ! end ( ! quill4 ,attempt to bl[ (f ! upp] c>d by bl[+ ?r\gh ! quill1 & x w be f\nd impossible4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! edges ( ! two pieces ( c>d be made to fit ea* o!r v accurately1 ! upp] c>d w be mov$1 & sometimes x w be ?r[n (f2 b :5 ! edges ( ! c>d are on two sides suffici5tly f> ap>t to p]mit ! air to escape1 ! loose c>d w reta9 its position1 ev5 :5 ! curr5t ( air s5t aga9/ x be /rong4 ,! exp]im5t w succe$ equally well1 :e!r ! curr5t ( air be made f ! m\? or f a pair ( bell[s4 ,:5 ! quill fits ! c>d r loosely1 a comp>atively light puff ( air w ?r[ bo? c>ds ?ree or f\r feet 9 height4 ,:51 f ! humidity ( ! brea?1 ! upp] surface ( ! p]=at$ c>d has a little exp&$1 & ! two opposite sides are some:at depress$1 ^! depress$ sides may be di/9ctly se5 to rise & approa* ! upp] c>d1 directly 9 proportion to ! =ce ( ! curr5t ( air4 ,ano!r fact to be %[n ) ?is simple app>atus1 appe>s equally inexplicable ) ! =m]4 ,lay ! loose c>d ^u ! h& ) ! concave side up2 bl[ =cibly ?r\gh ! tube1 &1 at ! same "t1 br+ ! two c>ds t[>ds ea* o!r1 :51 )9 ?ree-eigh?s ( an in*1 if ! curr5t ( air be /rong1 ! loose c>d w sudd5ly rise & adh]e to ! p]=at$ c>d4 ,if ! c>d ?r\gh :i* ! tube passes has sev]al holes made 9 x1 ! loose c>d may be in/antly ?r[n (f by a slight puff ( air4 ,= ! explanation ( ! above ph5om5on1 a gold m$al & "o hundr$ gu9eas 7 (f]$1 "s ye>s s9ce1 by ! ,royal ,society4 ,su* explanation has be5 giv5 by ,dr4 ,rob]t ,h>e1 ( ,philadelphia1 & is z foll[s3 ,suppos+ ! diamet] ( ! discs ( c>d to be to t ( ! hole z #h to #a1 ! area ( ! =m] to ! latt]1 mu/ be z #fd to #a4 ,h5ce1 if ! discs 7 to be sep>at$1 7_! surfaces rema9+ p>allel17 ) a velocity z great z t ( ! air bla/1 a column ( air mu/ mean:ile be int]pos$1 sixty-f\r times great] ?an t :i* w\ld escape f ! tube dur+ ! int]im2 consequ5tly1 if all ! air necess>y to pres]ve ! balance be suppli$ f ! tube1 ! discs mu/ be sep>at$ ) a velocity z mu* less ?an t ( ! bla/1 z ! column requir$ betwe5 !m is great] ?an t yield$ by ! tube1 & yet ! air _c be suppli$ f any o!r s\rce1 unless a deficit ( pressure be creat$ betwe5 ! discs1 unfav\rable to _! sep>ation4 ,x foll[s1 !n1 t1 "u ! circum/ances 9 "q1 ! discs _c be made to move asund] ) a velocity great] ?an "o-sixty-f\r? ( t ( ! bla/4 ,( c\rse1 all ! =ce ( ! curr5t ( air ?r\gh ! tube w be exp5d$ on ! moveable disc1 & ! ?9 r+ ( air :i* exi/s ar\nd ! orifice betwe5 ! discs3 &1 s9ce ! moveable disc c only move ) "o-sixty-f\r? ( ! velocity ( ! bla/1 ! r+ ( air 9 ! int]/ice mu/ exp]i5ce ne>ly all ! =ce ( ! jet1 & mu/ be driv5 outw>ds1 ! bla/ foll[+ x 9 v>i\s curr5ts1 radiat+ f ! common c5tre ( ! tube & discs4 ,,pr9ce ,,rup]t',s ,,drops4 ,let fall melt$ glass into cold wat]1 & x w become sudd5ly cool$ & solidifi$ on ! outside be=e ! int]nal "p is *ang$2 !n1 z ?is "p h>d5s1 x is kept ext5d$ by ! ar* ( ! outside cru/3 &1 if ! f9ely drawn-out po9t ( ! drop be brok5 (f1 ! cohesion ( ! atoms ( ! glass is de/roy$1 & ! :ole crumbles to du/ ) a sm>t explosion4 ,,vegetable ,,hygromet]4 ,! dampness ( ! air1 & ! consequ5t approa* ( ra91 is d5ot$ by sev]al simple means1 :i* are t]m$ hygromet]s4 ,?us1 if an e> ( ! wild oat be hung up1 its awn or bri/ly po9ts w be contract$ by a rotatory motion 9 damp air1 & relax$ by a contr>y motion :5 ! air is dry4 ,simil> effects are obs]vable on all cordage1 /r+1 & e description ( twi/$ mat]ial2 z ! moi/ure swells ! ?reads1 & increases _! diamet]1 b r$uces _! l5g?2 h5ce1 catgut is us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( a wea!r-h\se1 9 :i* ! man & woman =etel wet or dry wea!r1 mov+ z ! catgut /ret*es or contracts1 accord+ z ! air is moi/ or dry4 ,to prove ! mov+ p[] ( ! awn1 sep>ate "o f ! e>1 &1 hold+ ! base betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb1 moi/5 ! awn ) ! lips1 :5 x w be se5 to turn r\nd = "s "t4 ,,! ,,pneumatic ,,danc]4 ,illu/ration ,?is amus+ pneumatic toy consi/s ( a figure made ( glass or enamel1 & s con/ruct$ z to rema9 susp5d$ 9 a glass j> ( wat]4 ,an air-bubble1 communicat+ ) ! wat]1 is plac$ 9 "s "p ( ! figure1 %[n at m1 ne> ! top ( ! j>1 ,a1 9 ! engrav+4 ,at ! bottom1 ,b1 ( ! vessel is a bladd]1 :i* c be press$ upw>ds by apply+ ! f+] to ! extremity ( a lev]1 e o1 :5 ! pressure w be communicat$ ?r\gh ! wat] to ! bubble ( air1 :i* is ?us compress$4 ,! figure w !n s9k to ! bottom2 b1 by remov+ ! pressure1 ! figure w aga9 rise1 s t x may be made to dance 9 ! vessel1 z if by magic4 ,fi%es1 made ( glass1 are sometimes sub/itut$ = ! human figure4 ,a common glass j> may be us$ = ?is exp]im5t1 9 :i* case ! pressure %\ld be appli$ to ! upp] surface1 :i* %\ld be a piece ( bladd]1 in/ead ( be+ plac$ at ! bottom1 z %[n 9 ! figure engrav$4 ,,! ,,asc5d+ ,,snake4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,to con/ruct ?is pretty little pneumatic toy1 take a squ>e piece ( /iff c>d1 or %eet copp] or brass1 ab\t two & a half or ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 & cut x out spirally1 s z to resemble a snake1 z 9 ! engrav+ 7fig4 #a474 ,!n pa9t ! body on ea* side ( ! c>d ! col\rs ( a snake2 take x by ! two ends1 & draw out ! spiral till ! di/ance f head to tail is six or sev5 in*es1 z 9 fig4 #b4 ,next1 provide a sl5d] piece ( wood on a /&1 & fix a %>p ne$le at its summit2 pu% ! rod up ?r\gh ! spiral1 & let ! end ( ! spiral re/ ^u ! summit ( ! ne$le4 ,n[ place ! app>atus z ne>ly z possible to ! edge ( ! mantel-%elf above ! fire1 & ! snake w beg9 to revolve 9 ! direction ( its head2 &1 if ! fire be /rong1 or ! curr5t ( heat$ air :i* asc5ds f x is made p[]ful1 by two or ?ree p]sons com+ ne> x1 s z to conc5trate ! curr5t1 ! snake w revolve v rapidly4 ,! rod a1 b1 %\ld be pa9t$1 s z to resemble a tree1 :i* ! snake w appe> to climb2 or1 ! snake may be susp5d$ by a ?read f ! ceil+1 ov] ! curr5t ( air f a lamp4 ,two snakes may be made to turn r\nd 9 opposite directions1 by m]ely draw+ out ! spiral ( "o f ! upp] side1 & ( ! o!r f ! "u side ( ! figure1 & fix+ !m1 ( c\rse1 on sep>ate rods4 ,,! ,,pneumatic ,,phial4 ,provide a phial "o-f\r? fill$ ) any col\r$ wat]1 & ) a glass tube pass+ ?r\gh ! cork1 or cem5t$ into ! neck ( ! phial1 s z to be air-tight2 ! tube may rea* to )9 a qu>t] ( an in* ( ! bottom ( ! phial1 s z to dip bel[ ! surface ( ! liquid4 ,hold ?is little in/rum5t be=e ! fire1 or plunge x into hot wat]1 :5 ! air t is 9 ! phial w exp&1 & =ce up ! col\r$ liquor into ! tube4 ,,res9 ,,bubbles4 ,dip ! b[l ( a tobacco-pipe into melt$ res91 hold ! pipe 9 a v]tical position1 & bl[ ?r\gh x2 :5 bubbles ( v>i\s sizes w be =m$1 ( a brilliant silv]y hue1 & 9 a v>iety ( col\rs4 ,,moi/ure ,,( ,,! ,,atmosph]e4 ,moi/ure is always pres5t 9 ! air1 ev5 :5 x is drie/4 ,to prove ?is1 press a piece ( %eet copp] into ! =m ( a cup2 place on x a piece ( phosphorus1 ?or\ghly dri$ betwe5 blott+-pap]2 put ! cup on a dry plate1 & beside x a small piece ( quick-lime2 turn ov] x a glass tumbl]1 & leave x = t5 m9utes1 t ! lime may remove all moi/ure f ! includ$ air2 take (f ! tumbl]1 t\* ! phosphorus ) a hot wire1 & in/antly replace ! glass2 :5 a dry solid w be =m$1 resembl+ sn[4 ,z soon z ! flame is ext9ct1 exam9e ! plate2 :5 ! solid w1 9 a v %ort "t1 attract s mu* wat] f ! air1 t x w pass into small drops ( liquid4 ,,climates ,,( ,a ,,room4 ,! air 9 a room may be said to resemble two climates3 z x is light] ?an ! ext]nal air1 a curr5t ( cold] or heavi] air is cont9ually p\r+ 9 f ! crevices ( ! w9d[s & doors2 & ! light air mu/ f9d "s v5t1 to make way = ! heavy air4 ,if ! door be set a-j>1 & a c&le held ne> ! upp] "p ( x1 ! flame w be bl[n outw>ds1 %[+ t !re is a curr5t ( air fl[+ out f ! upp] "p ( ! room2 &1 if ! c&le be plac$ on ! floor1 close by ! door1 ! flame w b5d inw>ds1 %[+ t !re is also a curr5t ( air sett+ into ! l[] "p ( ! room4 ,! upp] curr5t is ! w>m1 light air1 :i* is driv5 out to make way = ! /ream ( cold1 d5se air1 :i* ent]s bel[4 ,,bubbles ,,on ,,*ampagne4 ,p\r out a glass ( *ampagne1 or bottl$ ale1 & wait till ! eff]vesc5ce has ceas$2 y may !n r5ew x by ?r[+ into ! liquor a bit ( pap]1 a crumb ( bread1 or ev5 by viol5tly %ak+ ! glass4 ,! bubbles ( c>bonic acid *iefly rise f :]e ! liquor is 9 contact ) ! glass1 & is 9 greate/ abundance at ^? p>ts :]e !re are asp]ities4 ,! bubbles sett+ out f ! surface ( ! glass are at fir/ v small2 b !y enl>ge 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! liquor4 ,x seems z if !y proce$$ m abundantly f ! bottom ( ! glass ?an f its sides2 b ?is is an ocul> deception4 ,,pro(s ,,t ,,air ,,is ,a ,,heavy ,,fluid4 ,expel ! air out ( a pair ( bell[s1 !n close ! nozzle & valve-hole b5ea?1 & consid]able =ce w be requisite to sep>ate ! bo>ds f ea* o!r4 ,?is is caus$ by ! pressure or weight ( ! atmosph]e1 :i*1 act+ equally ^u ! upp] & l[] bo>ds ext]nally1 )\t any air inside1 op]ates l a dead weight 9 keep+ ! bo>ds toge!r4 ,9 l mann]1 if y /op ! end ( a syr+e1 aft] its pi/on-rod has be5 press$ d[n to ! bottom1 & !n attempt to draw x up aga91 consid]able =ce w be requisite to raise x1 dep5d+ ^u ! size ( ! syr+e1 be+ ab\t f\rte5 or fifte5 p\nds to e squ>e in* ( ! pi/on-rod4 ,:5 ! rod is drawn up1 unless x be held1 x w fall to ! bottom1 f ! weight ( ! air press+ x 94 ,or1 fill a glass tumbl] to ! brim ) wat]1 cov] x ) a piece ( ?9 wet lea!r1 inv]t x on a table1 & try to pull x /raight up1 :5 x w be f\nd to require consid]able =ce4 ,9 ?is mann] d snails1 p]iw9kles1 limpets1 & o!r %ells adh]e to rocks1 c4 ,flies are enabl$ to walk on ! ceil+ ( a room1 up a look+-glass1 or w9d[-pane1 by ! air press+ on ! outside ( _! peculi>ly-con/ruct$ feet1 & ?us support+ !m4 ,to ! same cause mu/ be attribut$ ! firmness ) :i* ! oy/] closes itself2 =1 if y gr9d (f a "p ( ! %ell1 s z to make a hole 9 x1 ?\gh )\t at all injur+ ! fi%1 x may be op5$ ) great ease4 ,,to ,,support ,a ,,pea ,,on ,,air4 ,?is exp]im5t may be dext]\sly p]=m$ by plac+ a pea ^u a quill1 or ! /em ( a tobacco-pipe1 & bl[+ upw>ds ?r\gh x4 ,,pyrophorus1 ,,or ,,air-,,t9d]4 ,mix ?ree p>ts ( alum ) "o ( :eat fl\r1 & put !m into a common phial2 set x 9 a crucible1 up to ! neck 9 s&2 !n surr\nd ! crucible ) r$-hot coals1 :5 fir/ a black smoke1 & next a blue sulphure\s flame1 w issue f ! m\? ( ! phial2 :5 ?is flame disappe>s1 remove ! crucible f ! fire1 & :5 cold1 /op ! phial ) a good cork4 ,if a portion ( ?is p[d] be expos$ to ! air1 x w take fire4 ,or1 a v p]fect & beautiful pyrophorus may be obta9$ by heat+ t>trate ( lead 9 a glass tube1 ov] a lamp4 ,:5 "s ( ! d>k br[n mass ?us =m$ is %ak5 out 9 ! air1 x w imm$iately inflame1 & brilliant globules ( lead cov] ! ignit$ surface4 ,or1 mix ?ree p>ts ( lamp-black1 f\r ( burnt alum1 9 p[d]1 & eight ( pe>l-a%1 & heat !m = an h\r1 to a bright *]ry r$1 9 an iron tube4 ,:5 well made1 & p\r$ out ^u a glass plate or tile1 ?is pyrophorus w k9dle1 ) a s]ies ( small explosions1 some:at l ^? produc$ by ?r[+ potassium ^u wat]2 b ?is effect %\ld be witness$ f a di/ance4 ,put a small piece ( grey ca/-iron into /rong nitric acid1 :5 a por\s1 spongy sub/ance w be left unt\*$1 & w be ( a d>k grey col\r1 resembl+ plumbago4 ,if "s ( ?is be put ^u blott+ pap]1 9 ! c\rse ( a m9ute x w spontane\sly heat & smoke2 &1 if a consid]able quantity be heap$ toge!r1 x w ignite & scor* ! pap]2 nor w ! prop]ties ( ?is pyrophorus be de/roy$ by its be+ left = days & weeks 9 wat]4 ,,beauty ,,( ,a ,,soap ,,bubble4 ,bl[ a soap bubble1 cov] x ) a clean glass to protect x f ! air1 & y may obs]ve1 aft] x has gr[n ?9 by /&+ a little1 sev]al r+s ( diff]5t col\rs )9 ea* o!r r\nd ! top ( x4 ,! col\r 9 ! c5tre ( ! r+s w v>y ) ! ?ickness2 b1 z ! bubble gr[s ?9n]1 ! r+s w spread1 ! c5tral spot w become :ite1 !n blui%1 & !n black2 aft] :i* ! bubble w bur/1 f its extreme t5uity at ! black spot1 :]e ! ?ickness has be5 prov$ n to exce$ ! #b1ejj1jjj? "p ( an in*4 ,,:y ,a ,,gu9ea ,,falls ,,m ,,quickly ,,?an ,a ,,fea!r ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,air4 ,! resi/ance ( ! air to fall5 bodies is n proportion$ to ! weight1 b dep5ds on ! surface :i* ! body opposes to ! air4 ,n[1 ! fea!r exposes1 9 proportion to its weight1 a mu* great] surface to ! air ?an a piece ( gold does1 & !re=e suff]s a mu* great] resi/ance to its desc5t4 ,7 ! gu9ea beat5 to ! ?9ness ( gold-leaf1 x w\ld be z long1 or ev5 long] 9 fall+ ?an ! fea!r2 b1 let bo? fall 9 a vacuum1 or "u ! receiv] ( an air-pump1 f :i* ! air has be5 pump$ out1 & !y w bo? rea* ! bottom at ! same "t2 = gravity1 act+ indep5d5tly ( o!r =ces1 causes all bodies to desc5d ) ! same velocity4 ,illu/ration ,an app>atus = p]=m+ ?is exp]im5t is %[n 9 ! engrav+3 ! co9 & ! fea!r are to be laid toge!r1 on ! brass flap1 ,a or ,b3 ?is may be let d[n by turn+ ! wire1 ,c1 :i* passes ?r\gh a coll> ( lea!r1 ,d1 plac$ 9 ! head ( ! receiv]4 ,,solidity ,,( ,,air4 ,provide a glass tube1 op5 at ea* end2 close ! upp] end by ! f+]1 & imm]se ! l[] "o 9 a glass ( wat]1 :5 x w be se5 t ! air is mat]ial1 & occupies its own space 9 ! tube1 = x w n p]mit ! wat] to ent] x until ! f+] is remov$1 :5 ! air w escape1 & ! wat] rise to ! same level 9 ! inside z on ! outside ( ! tube4 ,,brea?+ ,,& ,,smell+4 ,hold ! brea?1 & place ! op5 neck ( a phial1 conta9+ oil ( pepp]m9t1 or any o!r ess5tial oil1 9 ! m\?1 & ! smell w n be p]ceiv$2 b1 aft] expiration1 x w be easily recognis$4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,sleights ,,& ,,subtleties4 ,illu/ration ,,sleights ,,& ,,subtleties4 ,,! *ief requisites = success 9 ! p]=mance ( feats ( ,magic are manual dext]ity & self-possession4 ,! =m] c only be acquir$ by practice2 ! latt] w be ! natural result ( a well-gr\nd$ confid5ce4 ,we subjo9 a few prelim9>y h9ts1 ( consid]able importance to ! amateur exhibit]4 #a4 ,nev] acqua9t ! company be=e-h& ) ! p>ticul>s ( ! feat y are ab\t to p]=m1 z x w give !m "t to discov] y\r mode ( op]ation4 #b4 ,endeav\r1 z mu* z possible1 to acquire v>i\s me?ods ( p]=m+ ! same feat1 9 ord] t if y %\ld be likely to fail 9 "o1 or h reason to believe t y\r op]ations are suspect$1 y may be prep>$ ) ano!r4 #c4 ,nev] v5ture on a feat requir+ manual dext]ity1 till y h previ\sly practis$ x s (t5 z to acquire ! necess>y exp]tness4 #d4 ,z div]t+ ! att5tion ( ! company f too closely inspect+ y\r manuvres is a mo/ important object1 y %\ld manage to talk to !m dur+ ! :ole c\rse ( y\r proce$+s4 ,x is ! plan ( vulg> op]ators to gabble un9telligible j>gon1 & attribute _! feats to "s extraord9>y & my/]i\s influ5ce4 ,!re are few p]sons at ! pres5t day cr$ul\s en\gh to believe su* tra%1 ev5 among ! ru/ic & mo/ ignorant2 b z ! y\? ( matur] ye>s might inadv]t5tly be tempt$ to pursue ?is me?od1 :ile exhibit+ 8 skill be=e 8 y\ng] companions1 x may n be deem$ sup]flu\s to (f] a caution aga9/ su* a proc$ure4 ,he may /ate1 & truly1 t e ?+ he exhibits c be acc\nt$ = on rational pr9ciples1 & is only 9 ob$i5ce to ! un]r+ laws ( ,nature2 & al?\gh we h j caution$ him aga9/ enabl+ ! company !mselves to detect 8 op]ations1 !re c be no objection 7p>ticul>ly :5 ! p>ty comprises _m y\ng] ?an himself7 to occasionally %[ by :at simple means ! mo/ app>5tly m>vell\s feats are accompli%$4 ,,! ,,r+ ,,& ,,! ,,h&k]*ief4 ,?is may be ju/ly consid]$ "o ( ! mo/ surpris+ sleights2 & yet x is s easy ( p]=mance1 t any "o may accompli% x aft] a few m9utes' practice4 ,y previ\sly provide y\rself ) a piece ( brass wire1 po9t$ at bo? ends1 & b5t r\nd s z to =m a r+1 ab\t ! size ( a w$d+-r+4 ,?is y conceal 9 y\r h&4 ,y !n comm5ce y\r p]=mance by borr[+ a silk pocket h&k]*ief f a g5tleman1 & a w$d+-r+ f a lady2 & y reque/ "o p]son to hold two ( ! corn]s ( ! h&k]*ief1 & ano!r to hold ! o!r two1 & to keep !m at full /ret*4 ,y next exhibit ! w$d+-r+ to ! company1 & ann\nce t y w make x appe> to pass ?r\gh ! h&k]*ief4 ,y !n place y\r h& "u ! h&k]*ief1 & sub/itut+ ! false r+1 :i* y _h previ\sly conceal$1 press x aga9/ ! c5tre ( ! h&k]*ief1 & desire a ?ird p]son to take hold ( ! r+ ?r\gh ! h&k]*ief1 & to close 8 f+] & ?umb ?r\gh ! holl[ ( ! r+4 ,! h&k]*ief is held 9 ?is mann] = ! purpose ( %[+ t ! r+ has n be5 plac$ )9 a fold4 ,y n[ desire ! p]sons hold+ ! corn]s ( ! h&k]*ief to let !m drop2 ! p]son hold+ ! r+ 7?r\gh ! h&k]*ief z already describ$7 /ill reta9+ 8 hold4 ,let ano!r p]son n[ grasp ! h&k]*ief z tight z he pleases1 ?ree or f\r in*es bel[ ! r+1 & tell ! p]son hold+ ! r+ to let x g1 :5 x w appe> to ! company t ! r+ is secure )9 ! c5tre ( ! h&k]*ief4 ,y !n tell ! p]son :o grasps ! h&k]*ief to hold a hat ov] x1 & pass+ y\r h& und]nea?1 y op5 ! false r+1 by b5d+ "o ( its po9ts a little aside1 & br++ "o po9t g5tly ?r\gh ! h&k]*ief1 y easily draw out ! rema9d]2 be+ c>eful to rub ! hole y h made 9 ! h&k]*ief ) y\r f+] & ?umb1 to conceal ! fracture4 ,y !n put ! w$d+-r+ y borr[$ ov] ! outside ( ! middle ( ! h&k]*ief1 & desir+ ! p]son :o holds ! hat1 to take x away1 y exhibit ! r+ 7plac$ z describ$7 to ! company4 ,,! ,,knott$ ,,h&k]*ief4 ,?is feat consi/s 9 ty+ a numb] ( h>d knots 9 a pocket h&k]*ief borr[$ f "o ( ! company1 !n lett+ any p]son hold ! knots1 & by ! op]ator m]ely %ak+ ! h&k]*ief1 all ! knots become unloos$1 & ! h&k]*ief is re/or$ to its orig9al /ate4 ,to p]=m ?is excell5t trick1 get z s(t a h&k]*ief z possible1 & tak+ ! opposite ends1 "o 9 ea* h&1 ?r[ ! "r h& ov] ! left1 & draw x ?r\gh1 z if y 7 go+ to tie a knot 9 ! usual way4 ,aga9 ?r[ ! "r-h& end ov] ! left1 & give ! left-h& end to "s p]son to pull1 y at ! same "t pull+ ! "r-h& end ) y\r "r h&1 :ile y\r left h& holds ! h&k]*ief j beh9d ! knot4 ,press ! ?umb ( y\r left h& aga9/ ! knot to prev5t its slipp+1 always tak+ c>e to let ! p]son to :om y gave "o end pull fir/1 s t1 9 fact1 he is only pull+ aga9/ y\r left h&4 ,y n[ tie ano!r knot exactly 9 ! same way z ! fir/1 tak+ c>e always to ?r[ ! "r-h& end ov] ! left4 ,z y g on ty+ ! knots1 y w f9d ! "r-h& end ( ! h&k]*ief decreas+ consid]ably 9 l5g?1 :ile ! left-h& "o rema9s ne>ly z long z at fir/2 because1 9 fact1 y are m]ely ty+ ! "r-h& end r\nd ! left4 ,to prev5t ?is f be+ notic$1 y %\ld /oop d[n a little aft] ea* knot1 & pret5d to pull ! knots tight]2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 y press ! ?umb ( ! "r h& aga9/ ! knot1 & ) ! f+]s & palm ( ! same h&1 draw ! h&k]*ief1 s z to make ! left-h& end %ort]1 keep+ x at ea* knot z ne>ly ! l5g? ( ! "r-h& end z possible4 ,:5 y h ti$ z _m knots z ! h&k]*ief w admit (1 h& !m r\nd = ! company to feel t !y are firm knots2 !n hold ! h&k]*ief 9 y\r "r h&1 j bel[ ! knots1 & ) ! left h& turn ! loose "p ( ! c5tre ( ! h&k]*ief ov] !m1 desir+ "s p]son to hold !m4 ,be=e !y take ! h&k]*ief 9 h&1 y draw out ! "r-h& end ( ! h&k]*ief1 :i* y h 9 ! "r h&1 & :i* y may easily d1 & ! knots be+ /ill held toge!r by ! loose "p ( ! h&k]*ief1 ! p]son :o holds ! h&k]*ief w decl>e he feels !m3 y !n take hold ( "o ( ! ends ( ! h&k]*ief :i* hangs d[n1 & desire him to repeat aft] y1 "o--two--?ree1--!n tell him to let g1 :51 by giv+ ! h&k]*ief a sm>t %ake1 ! :ole ( ! knots w become unloos$4 ,%\ld y1 by accid5t1 :il/ ty+ ! knots1 give ! wrong end to be pull$1 a h>d knot w be ! consequ5ce1 & y w "k :5 ?is has happ5$ ! in/ant y try to draw ! left-h& end ( ! h&k]*ief %ort]4 ,y mu/1 !re=e1 turn ?is mi/ake to ! be/ advantage1 by ask+ any "o ( ! company to see h[ long x w take him to untie "o knot1 y c\nt+ ! seconds4 ,:5 he has unti$ ! knot1 y\r o!r knots w rema9 "r z !y 7 be=e4 ,hav+ f9i%$ ty+ ! knots1 let ! same p]son hold !m1 & tell him t z he took two m9utes to untie "o knot1 he ought to all[ y f\rte5 m9utes to untie ! sev52 b z y d n wi% to take any advantage1 y w be satisfi$ ) f\rte5 seconds4 ,y may excite "s laught] dur+ ! p]=mance ( ?is trick1 by go+ to ! own] ( ! h&k]*ief1 & desir+ him to assi/ y 9 pull+ a knot1 say+1 t if ! h&k]*ief is to be torn1 x is only "r t he %\ld h a %>e ( x2 y may likewise say t he does n pull v h>d1 :i* w cause a laugh aga9/ him4 ,,! ,,invisible ,,spr+s4 ,take two pieces ( :ite cotton cord1 precisely alike 9 l5g?2 d\ble ea* ( !m sep>ately1 s t _! ends meet2 !n tie !m toge!r v neatly1 ) a bit ( f9e cotton ?read1 at ! "p :]e !y d\ble 7i4 e4 ! middle74 ,?is mu/ all be done be=eh&4 ,:5 y are ab\t to exhibit ! sleight1 h& r\nd two o!r pieces ( cord1 exactly simil> 9 l5g? & appe>ance to ^? :i* y h prep>$1 b n ti$1 & desire y\r company to exam9e !m4 ,y !n return to y\r table1 plac+ ^! cords at ! edge1 s t !y fall 7app>5tly accid5tally7 to ! gr\nd beh9d ! table2 /oop to pick !m up1 b take up ! prep>$ ones in/ead1 :i* y h previ\sly plac$ !re1 & lay !m on ! table4 ,hav+ proce$$ ?us f>1 y take r\nd = exam9ation ?ree ivory r+s2 ^? giv5 to *ildr5 :5 tee?+1 & :i* may be b\ght at any ( ! toy%ops1 are ! be/ = y\r purpose4 ,:5 ! r+s h und]gone a suffici5t scrut9y1 pass ! prep>$ d\ble cords ?r\gh !m1 & give ! two ends ( "o cord to "o p]son to hold1 & ! two ends ( ! o!r to ano!r4 ,d n let !m pull h>d1 or ! ?read w break1 & y\r trick be discov]$4 ,reque/ ! two p]sons to approa* ea* o!r1 & desire ea* to give y "o end ( ! cord :i* he holds1 leav+ to him ! *oice4 ,y !n say1 t1 to make all fa/1 y w tie ^! two ends toge!r1 :i* y d1 br++ ! knot d[n s z to t\* ! r+s2 & return+ to ea* p]son ! end ( ! cord next to him1 y /ate t ?is trick is p]=m$ by ! rule ( contr>y1 & t :5 y desire !m to pull h>d1 !y are to slack51 & vice v]s1 :i* is likely to create mu* laught]1 z !y are c]ta9 ( mak+ _m mi/akes at fir/4 ,dur+ ?is "t1 y are hold+ ! r+s on ! =e-f+] ( ea* h&1 & ) ! o!r f+]s prev5t+ y\r assi/ants f sep>at+ ! cords prematurely1 dur+ _! mi/akes2 y at l5g? desire !m1 9 a l\d voice1 to slack51 :5 !y w pull h>d1 :i* w break ! ?read1 ! r+s rema9+ 9 y\r h&s1 :il/ ! /r+s w rema9 unbrok53 let !m be aga9 exam9$1 & desire !m to look = ! spr+s 9 ! r+s4 ,,! ,,miracul\s ,,apple4 ,to divide an apple into sev]al p>ts1 )\t break+ ! r9d3--,pass a ne$le & ?read "u ! r9d ( ! apple1 :i* is easily done by putt+ ! ne$le 9 aga9 at ! same hole x came out (2 & s pass+ on till y h gone r\nd ! apple4 ,!n take bo? ends ( ! ?read 9 y\r h&s & draw x out2 by :i* means ! apple w be divid$ into two p>ts4 ,9 ! same mann]1 y may divide x into z _m p>ts z y please1 & yet ! r9d w rema9 entire4 ,pres5t ! apple to any "o to peel1 & x w imm$iately fall to pieces4 ,,! ,,self-,,balanc$ ,,pail4 ,y lay a /ick across ! table1 lett+ "o-?ird ( x project ov] ! edge2 & y und]take to hang a pail ( wat] on x1 )\t ei!r fa/5+ ! /ick on ! table1 or lett+ ! pail re/ on any support2 & ?is feat1 ! laws ( gravitation w enable y lit]ally to accompli%4 ,illu/ration ,y take ! pail ( wat]1 & hang x by ! h&le ^u ! project+ end ( ! /ick1 9 su* a mann] t ! h&le may re/ on x 9 an incl9$ position1 ) ! middle ( ! pail )9 ! edge ( ! table4 ,t x may be fix$ 9 ?is situation1 place ano!r /ick ) "o ( its ends re/+ aga9/ ! side at ! bottom ( ! pail1 & its o!r end aga9/ ! fir/ /ick1 :]e !re %\ld be a not* to reta9 x4 ,by ^! means1 ! pail w rema9 fix$ 9 t situation1 )\t be+ able to incl9e to ei!r side2 nor c ! /ick slide along ! table1 or move along its edge1 )\t rais+ ! c5tre ( gravity ( ! pail1 & ! wat] x conta9s4 ,,! ,,phantom ,,at ,,comm&4 ,?is feat is p]=m$ by means ( conf$]acy4--,hav+ privately appris$ y\r conf$]ate t :5 he he>s y /rike "o bl[1 x signifies ! lett] ,a2 :5 y /rike two1 x means ,b2 & s on = ! re/ ( ! alphabet1 y /ate to ! company1 t if any "o w walk into ! adjo9+ room1 & h ! door lock$ ^u him1 p]haps ! animal may appe> to him :i* ano!r p]son may "n4 ,9 ord] to det] e "o except y\r conf$]ate f accept+ ! (f]1 y ann\nce at ! same "t1 t ! p]son :o volunte]s to be %ut up 9 ! room mu/ be possess$ ( consid]able c\rage1 or he _h bett] n und]take x4 ,hav+ ?us ga9$ y\r end1 y give y\r conf$]ate a lamp1 :i* burns ) a v dismal light2 tell+ him1 9 ! he>+ ( ! company1 to place x on ! middle ( ! floor1 & n to feel al>m$ at :at he may happ5 to see4 ,y !n u%] him into ! room1 & lock ! door4 ,y next take a piece ( black pap]1 & a bit ( *alk1 & giv+ !m to "o ( ! p>ty1 y tell him to write ! "n ( any animal he wi%es to appe> to ! p]son %ut up 9 ! room4 ,?is be+ done1 y receive back ! pap]1 & aft] %[+ x r\nd to ! company1 y fold x up1 burn x 9 ! c&le1 or lamp1 & ?r[ ! a%es into a mort>2 ca/+ 9 at ! same "t a p[d]1 :i* y /ate to be possess$ ( valuable prop]ties4 ,hav+ tak5 c>e to read :at 0 writt51 y proce$ to p\nd ! a%es 9 ! mort> ?us3 ,suppose ! ^w writt5 to be ,,cat1 y beg9 by /irr+ ! pe/le r\nd ! mort> sev]al times1 & !n /rike ?ree di/9ct bl[s1 l\d en\gh = ! conf$]ate to he>1 & by :i* he kn[s t ! fir/ lett] ( ! ^w is ,c4 ,y next make "s irregul> evolutions ( ! pe/le r\nd ! mort>1 t x may n appe> to ! company t y give no?+ b bl[s1 & y !n /rike "o bl[ to d5ote ,a4 ,"w ! pe/le ab\t aga91 & !n /rike tw5ty bl[s1 :i* he w "k to mean ,t2 f9i%+ y\r manuvre by work+ ! pe/le ab\t ! mort>1 ! object be+ to make ! bl[s z little rem>kable z possible4 ,y !n call al\d to y\r conf$]ate1 & ask him :at he sees4 ,at fir/ he is to make no reply4 ,at l5g?1 aft] be+ int]rogat$ sev]al times1 he asks if x be a ,,cat4 ,t no mi/ake may be made1 ea* p>ty %\ld repeat to himself ! lett]s ( ! alphabet 9 ! ord] ( ! bl[s4 ,,! ,,miracul\s ,,%ill+4 ,provide a r\nd box1 ! size ( a l>ge snuff-box1 & likewise eight o!r boxes1 :i* w g easily into ea* o!r1 lett+ ! lea/ ( !m be ( ! size to hold a %ill+4 ,obs]ve t all ^! boxes mu/ %ut s freely t !y may all be clos$ at once1 by ! cov]s accurately fitt+ )9 ea* o!r4 ,previ\sly to comm5c+ y\r p]=mance1 fit ! boxes )9 ea* o!r1 & place !m 9 a table draw] at ano!r "p ( ! room4 ,y also fit ! cov]s 9 ! same mann]1 & lay !m by ! side ( ! boxes2 y likewise provide a silk h&k]*ief1 into "o corn] ( :i* a %ill+ is sew$4 ,y n[ comm5ce y\r op]ations1 by borr[+ a %ill+1 desir+ ! l5d] to m>k x1 t x may n be *ang$4 ,take ?is %ill+ 9 y\r "r h&1 & ! h&k]*ief 9 y\r left1 pret5d+ to place ! %ill+ 9 ! c5tre ( ! h&k]*ief2 in/ead ( :i*1 y put ! corn] ( ! h&k]*ief 9 :i* a %ill+ 0 sew$1 z previ\sly describ$1 conceal+ ! borr[$ %ill+ 9 y\r "r h&4 ,y !n desire ! p]son to feel t ! %ill+ is !re1 & tell him to hold x tight4 ,y n[ g to ! draw]1 & plac+ ! borr[$ %ill+ 9 ! smalle/ ( ! boxes1 y put on all ! cov]s1 by tak+ !m 9 ! c5tre betwe5 ! =e-f+] & ?umb1 to prev5t _! sep>ation1 & fit !m on1 by c>efully slid+ !m along1 & !n press+ !m d[n4 ,hav+ ?us clos$ y\r boxes1 y produce :at appe>s to be a s+le box1 & lay x on ! table4 ,y n[ ask ! p]son1 :o /ill reta9s 8 hold ( ! %ill+ 9 ! h&k]*ief1 if he is sure t x is !re4 ,he w reply 9 ! affirmative2 y !n reque/ him to all[ y to take ! h&k]*ief1 & hav+ done s1 y /rike t "p ( ! h&k]*ief conta9+ ! %ill+ on ! box1 & imm$iately %ake out ! h&k]*ief1 hold+ x by two corn]s1 & %ift+ x r\nd s z to get ! %ill+ )9 y\r grasp3 x w ?us appe> t ! %ill+ is no long] !re4 ,y desire ! p]son to op5 ! box1 & h& x r\nd1 till ! %ill+ be f\nd2 & :5 ! la/ box is op5$1 & ! %ill+ tak5 out1 y ask ! l5d] to /ate :e!r x is ! "o :i* he m>k$2 to :i* he mu/1 ( c\rse1 reply 9 ! affirmative4 ,,! ,,locomotive ,,%ill+4 ,privately place a %ill+1 :i* y previ\sly m>k on ! head side ) a cross1 "u a c&le/ick1 or 9 any o!r out-(-!-way situation1 :]e x is n likely to be discov]$4 ,y next borr[ a %ill+ ( "o ( ! company1 & say3 8,n[ ,i am go+ to %[ y a trick ) ?is %ill+1 b t y may "k x aga91 ,i w m>k x40 ,!n take y\r p5knife1 & cross x 9 ! same mann] z ! "o y h conceal$2 %[ x to ! p]son :o l5t x to y1 & ask him if he w "k x aga94 ,he w reply3 8,yes2 x is m>k$ ) a cross40 ,knock "u ! table1 & say 8,pre/o6 fly quickly60 at ! same "t1 adroitly convey+ ! %ill+ into y\r pocket4 ,y !n tell ! spectators t x is gone2 b y h a /rong notion t if !y look !y w f9d x "u ! c&le/ick1 7or :atev] o!r place y may h conceal$ x 917 :]e ! fir/ %ill+ y m>k$ w ( c\rse be f\nd1 & hav+ ! same m>ks z ! g5u9e "o w be mi/ak5 = x4 ,,! ,,p5etrative ,,sixp5ce4 ,y pr(ess t y w make a sixp5ce appe> to pass ?r\gh ! table4 ,to p]=m ?is feat1 y mu/ h a h&k]*ief1 9 "o corn] ( :i* is sew$ a sixp5ce4--,take x out ( y\r pocket1 & ask "o ( ! company to l5d y a sixp5ce1 :i* y mu/ seem to c>efully wrap up 9 ! middle ( ! h&k]*ief1 b in/ead ( :i*1 y keep x 9 ! palm ( y\r h&1 & 9 its /ead1 wrap up ! corn] 9 :i* ! o!r sixp5ce is sew$1 9 ! mid/ ( ! h&k]*ief1 & bid ! p]son f :om y borr[$ ! sixp5ce1 feel t x is !re4 ,y !n lay x "u a hat ^u ! table1 take a glass 9 ! h& 9 :i* y h conceal$ ! sixp5ce1 & hold x "u ! table4 ,give ?ree knocks ^u ! table1 cry+ 8,pre/o6 come quickly60 ,!n drop ! sixp5ce into ! glass2 br+ ! glass f "u ! table1 & exhibit ! sixp5ce to ! spectators4 ,y la/ly take ! h&k]*ief f "u ! hat1 & %ake x1 tak+ c>e to hold x by ! corn] 9 :i* ! sixp5ce 0 sew$4 ,,! ,,vani%+ ,,sixp5ce4 ,hav+ previ\sly /uck a small piece ( :ite wax on ! nail ( y\r middle f+]1 lay a sixp5ce on ! palm ( y\r h&1 & address+ ! company1 /ate t x w vani% at ! ^w ( comm&4 8,_m p]sons10 y obs]ve1 8p]=m ?is feat1 by lett+ ! sixp5ce fall into _! sleeve2 b to conv9ce y t ,i %all n h rec\rse to any su* deception1 ,i w turn up my cuffs40 ,y !n close y\r h&1 & br++ ! wax$ nail 9 contact ) ! sixp5ce1 x w firmly adh]e to x4 ,y !n bl[ y\r h&1 & cry 8,begone60 & sudd5ly op5+ x1 & exhibit+ ! palm1 y %[ t ! sixp5ce has vani%$4 ,if y borr[ ! sixp5ce ( any ( ! company1 take c>e to rub (f ! wax1 be=e y re/ore x to ! own]4 ,,to ,,make ,a ,,sixp5ce ,,balance ,,& ,,sp9 ,,on ,,its ,,edge1 ,,on ,,! ,,po9t ,,( ,a ,,ne$le4 ,procure a common w9e-bottle1 two =ks1 two corks1 a ne$le1 a sixp5ce1 & a p5knife4 ,hav+ cork$ ! bottle1 =ce ! eye ( ! ne$le into ! cork p]p5dicul>ly1 leav+ m ?an half ! ne$le /ick+ up4 ,y next cut a small slit ) ! p5knife 9 ! c5tre ( ! bottom ( ! second cork1 into :i* y ins]t ! sixp5ce edgewise2 !n /ick ! =ks into ! upp] cork1 &1 ) a /eady h&1 place ! edge ( ! sixp5ce on ! po9t ( ! ne$le1 & x w imm$iately f9d its balance4 ,y may n[ take ! upp] cork betwe5 ! f+] & ?umb1 & sp9 x r\nd z fa/ z y please1 z ! sixp5ce w n fall (f4 ,:5 x goes sl[1 hit "o ( ! =ks ) y\r f+] z x goes r\nd1 to increase its velocity4 ,,! ,,multiply+ ,,co94 ,let a tumbl] be half-fill$ ) wat]2 put a sixp5ce 9 x2 & hold+ a plate ov] ! top1 turn ! glass upside d[n4 ,! sixp5ce w fall d[n on ! plate1 & appe> to be a %ill+2 :ile at ! same "t a sixp5ce w seem to be swimm+ 9 ! wat]4 ,if a %ill+ is put 9 ! glass1 x w h ! appe>ance ( a qu>t] ( a doll> & a %ill+2 & if a qu>t] ( a doll> 7 put 91 x w\ld seem to be half a doll> & a qu>t] ( a doll>4 ,,magic ,,rat ,,trap4 ,prep>e a pa/ebo>d circle1 ^u "o side ( :i* draw a figure ( a cage1 & on ! o!r side t ( a rat4 ,ne> ! out] edge ( ! circle fa/5 two /r+s opposite ea* o!r4 ,s t !y may be held betwe5 ! =e f+] & ?umb 9 su* mann] t ! circle may be made to revolve rapidly4 ,:5 x is set 9 motion ! transition is s quick1 t x pres5ts ! appe>ance ( a rat 9 ! cage4 ,illu/ration ,,to ,,%[ ,,! ,,velocity ,,( ,,motion4 ,take a long holl[ /alk or re$1 susp5d x horizontally by two loops ( s+le hairs2 by /rik+ x ) a %>p quick /roke at a po9t ne>ly 9 ! c5tre1 betwe5 ! hairs1 x may be cut ?r\gh )\t break+ ei!r ( !m4 ,! hairs 9 ?is case w\ld h be5 ruptur$1 if !y _h p>tak5 ( ! =ce appli$ to ! /alk2 b ! division ( ! latt] be+ affect$ be=e ! impulse c\ld be propagat$ to ! hairs1 !y mu/ consequ5tly rema9 unbrok54 ,a sm>t bl[1 ) a slight w& or holl[ re$ on ! edge ( a glass tumbl]1 w\ld break ! w&1 )\t injury to ! glass4 ,lay a small piece ( money ^u a c>d plac$ ov] ! m\? ( a glass tumbl]1 & re/+ ^u ! rim ( ! glass4 ,! c>d may be )drawn ) su* spe$ & dext]ity1 t ! piece ( money w n be remov$ lat]ally1 b w drop into ! glass4 ,,! ,,explod+ ,,bubble4 ,if y take up a small quantity ( melt$ glass ) a tube1 7! b[l ( a common tobacco pipe w d17 & let a drop fall into a vessel ( wat]1 x w *ill & cond5se ) a f9e spiral tail1 :i* be+ brok51 ! :ole sub/ance w bur/ ) a l\d explosion1 )\t injury ei!r to ! p>ty t holds x1 or him t breaks x2 b if ! ?ick end is /ruck ev5 ) a hamm]1 x w n break4 ,,! ,,magic ,,picture4 ,take two level pieces ( glass1 7plate glass is ! be/17 ab\t ?ree in*es long & f\r wide1 exactly ( ! same size2 lay "o on ! o!r1 & manage to leave a space betwe5 !m by pa/+ a piece ( c>d1 or two or ?ree small pieces ( ?ick pap] at ea* corn]4 ,jo9 ^! glasses toge!r at ! edge by a composition ( lime slack$ by exposure to ! air1 & :ite ( an egg4 ,cov] all ! edges ( ^! glasses ) p>*m5t or bladd]1 except at "o end1 :i* is to be left op5 to admit ! foll[+ composition3 ,dissolve by a sl[ fire six ounces ( hog's-l>d1 ) half an ounce ( :ite wax2 to :i* y may add an ounce ( cle> l9se$ oil4 ,?is mu/ be p\r$ 9 its liquid /ate1 & be=e a fire1 betwe5 ! glasses1 by ! space left 9 ! sides1 & :i* y are !n to close up4 ,wipe ! glasses clean1 & hold !m be=e ! fire1 to see t ! composition w n run out at any "p4 ,!n fa/5 ) gum a picture or pr9t1 pa9t$ on v ?9 pap]1 ) its face to "o ( ! glasses1 & if y l1 y may fix ! :ole 9 a frame4 ,:ile ! mixture betwe5 ! glasses is cold1 ! picture w be q conceal$1 b become transp>5t :5 held to ! fire2 & z ! composition cools1 x w gradually disappe>4 ,,artificial ,,lightn+4 ,provide a t9 tube t is l>g] at "o end ?an x is at ! o!r1 & 9 :i* !re are sev]al holes4 ,fill ?is tube ) p[d]$ res92 & :5 x is %ook ov] ! flame ( a tor*1 ! reflection w produce ! exact appe>ance ( lightn+4 ,,?ree ,,objects1 ,,disc]nible ,,only ,,) ,,bo? ,,eyes4 ,if y fix ?ree pieces ( pap] aga9/ ! wall ( a room at equal di/ances1 at ! height ( y\r eye1 plac+ y\rself directly be=e !m1 at a few y>ds' di/ance1 & close y\r "r eye1 & look at !m ) y\r left1 y w see only two ( !m1 suppose ! fir/ & second2 alt] ! position ( y\r eye1 & y w see ! fir/ & ?ird2 alt] y\r position a second "t1 y w see ! second & ?ird1 b nev] ! :ole ?ree toge!r2 by :i* x appe>s1 t a p]son :o has only "o eye c nev] see ?ree objects plac$ 9 ?is position1 nor all ! p>ts ( "o object ( ! same ext5t1 )\t alt]+ ! situation ( 8 eye4 ,,to ,,tell ,,by ,a ,,wat* ,,dial ,,! ,,h\r ,,:5 ,a ,,p]son ,,int5ds ,,to ,,rise4 ,! p]son is told to set ! h& ( 8 wat* at any h\r he pleases1 :i* h\r he tells y2 & y add 9 y\r own m9d #ab to x4 ,y !n desire him to c\nt privately ! numb] ( t addition on ! dial1 comm5c+ at ! next h\r to t at :i* he int5ds to rise1 & includ+ ! h\r at :i* he has plac$ ! h&2 :i* w give ! answ]2 = example1 ,a int5ds to rise at #f 7?is he conceals to himself27 he places ! h& at #h1 :i* he tells ,b1 :o1 9 8 own m9d1 adds #ab to #h1 :i* make #bj4 ,b !n tells ,a to c\nt #bj on ! dial1 beg9n+ at ! next h\r to t at :i* he proposes to rise2 :i* w be #g1 & c\nt+ backw>ds1 reckon+ ea* h\r z #a1 & includ+ 9 8 addition ! numb] ( ! h\r ! h& is plac$ at1 ! addition w end at #f1 :i* is ! h\r propos$2 ?us1 ,! h\r ! h& is plac$ at is #h ,! next h\r to t :i* ,a int5ds to rise at is #g1 :i* c\nts = #a ,c\nt back ! h\rs f #f1 & reckon !m at #a ea*1 !re w be #aa h\rs1 viz4 #d1 #c1 #b1 #a1 #ab1 #aa1 #aj1 #i1 #h1 #g1 #f1 #aa ---- ,mak+ #bj ,,to ,,make ,a ,,r+ ,,susp5d ,,by ,a ,,?read1 ,,aft] ,,! ,,?read ,,has ,,be5 ,,burn$4 ,soak a piece ( ?read 9 ur9e1 or common salt & wat]4 ,tie x to a r+1 n l>g] ?an a w$d+ r+4 ,:5 y apply ! flame ( a c&le to x1 x w burn to a%es1 b yet su/a9 ! r+4 ,,to ,,melt ,a ,,piece ,,( ,,money ,,9 ,a ,,walnut-,,%ell1 ,,)\t ,,injur+ ,,! ,,%ell4 ,b5d any ?9 co91 & put x into half a walnut-%ell2 place ! %ell on a little s&1 to keep x /eady4 ,!n fill ! %ell1 ) a mixture made ( ?ree p>ts ( v dry p\nd$ nitre1 "o "p ( fl[]s ( sulphur1 & a little saw-du/ well sift$4 ,if y !n set light to ! mixture1 y w f9d1 :5 x is melt$1 t ! metal w also be melt$ 9 ! bottom ( ! %ell1 9 =m ( a button1 :i* w become h>d :5 ! burn+ matt] r\nd x is consum$2 ! %ell w h su/a9$ v little injury4 ,,! ,,magical ,,mirrors4 ,make two holes 9 ! wa9scot ( a room1 ea* a foot high & t5 in*es wide1 & ab\t a foot di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,let ^! ap]tures be ab\t ! height ( a man's head1 & 9 ea* ( !m place a transp>5t glass 9 a frame1 l a common mirror4 ,beh9d ! p>tition1 & directly fac+ ea* ap]ture1 place two mirrors1 inclos$ 9 ! wa9scot1 9 an angle ( =ty-five degrees4,a ,^! mirrors are ea* to be eighte5 in*es squ>e3 & all ! space betwe5 !m mu/ be enclos$ ) pa/ebo>d pa9t$ black1 & well clos$1 t no light c ent]2 let !re be also two curta9s to cov] !m1 :i* y may draw aside at pleasure4 ,:5 a p]son looks into "o ( ^! fictiti\s mirrors1 in/ead ( see+ 8 own face1 he w see ! object t is 9 front ( ! o!r2 ?us1 if two p]sons /& at ! same "t be=e ^! mirrors1 in/ead ( ea* see+ himself1 !y w reciprocally see ea* o!r4 ,!re %\ld be a sconce ) a light$ c&le1 plac$ on ea* side ( ! two glasses 9 ! wa9scot1 to enlight5 ! faces ( ! p]sons :o look 9 !m1 or ! exp]im5t w n h s rem>kable an effect4 ,a ,t is1 half-way betwe5 a l9e drawn p]p5dicul>ly to ! gr\nd & its surface4 ,,! ,,en*ant$ ,,bottle4 ,fill a glass bottle ) wat] to ! beg9n+ ( ! neck2 leave ! neck empty1 & cork x4 ,susp5d ?is bottle opposite a concave mirror1 & beyond its focus1 t x may appe> rev]s$4 ,place y\rself /ill fur!r di/ant f ! bottle2 & in/ead ( ! wat] appe>+1 z x really is1 at ! bottom ( ! bottle1 ! bottom w be empty1 & ! wat] se5 at ! top4 ,if ! bottle be susp5d$ ) ! neck d[nw>ds1 x w be reflect$ 9 its natural position1 & ! wat] at ! bottom1 al?\gh1 9 reality1 x is inv]t$1 & fills ! neck1 leav+ ! bottom vacant4 ,:ile ! bottle is 9 ?is position1 uncork x1 & let ! wat] run gradually out3 x w appe>1 t :ile ! real bottle is empty+1 ! reflect$ "o is fill+4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! bottle is n m ?an half or ?ree p>ts full1 & t no o!r liquid is us$ b wat]1 z 9 ei!r ( ^! cases1 ! illusion ceases4 ,,! ,,arm$ ,,app>ition4 ,if a p]son ) a drawn sword place himself be=e a l>ge concave mirror1 b fur!r f x ?an its focus1 he w see an inv]t$ image ( himself 9 ! air1 betwe5 him & ! mirror1 ( a less size ?an himself4 ,if he /eadily pres5t ! sword t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! mirror1 an image ( ! sword w come out f x1 po9t to po9t1 z if to f5ce ) him2 & by 8 pu%+ ! sword ne>]1 ! image w appe> to come ne>] to him & almo/ to t\* 8 brea/4 ,if ! mirror be turn$ #de degrees1 or "o-eigh? r\nd1 ! reflect$ image w g out p]p5dicul> to ! direction ( ! sword pres5t$1 & app>5tly come to ano!r p]son plac$ 9 ! direction ( ! motion ( ! image1 :o1 if he be unacqua9t$ ) ! exp]im5t1 & does n see ! orig9al sword1 w be mu* surpris$ & al>m$4 ,,to ,,extract ,,! ,,silv] ,,out ,,( ,a ,,r+1 ,,t ,,is ,,?ick ,,gild$1 ,,s ,,t ,,! ,,gold ,,may ,,rema9 ,,entire4 ,take a silv] r+ t is ?ick gild$4 ,make a little hole ?r\gh ! gold into ! silv]2 !n put ! r+ into aqua-=tis1 9 a w>m place3 x w dissolve ! silv]1 & ! gold w rema9 :ole4 ,,curi\s ,,exp]im5t ,,) ,a ,,glass ,,( ,,wat]4 ,saturate a c]ta9 quantity ( wat] 9 a mod]ate heat1 ) ?ree ounces ( sug>2 & :5 x w no long] receive t !re is /ill room 9 x = two ounces ( salt ( t>t>1 & aft] t = an ounce & a dra*m ( gre5 vitriol1 ne>ly six dra*ms ( nitre1 ! same ( salammoniac1 two dra*ms & a scruple ( alum1 & a dra*m & a half ( borax4 ,a ,,lum9\s ,,bottle1 ,,:i* ,,w ,,%[ ,,! ,,h\r ,,on ,a ,,wat* ,,9 ,,! ,,d>k4 ,?r[ a bit ( phosphor\s1 ( ! size ( a pea1 into a long glass phial1 & p\r boil+ oil c>efully ov] x1 till ! phial is "o-?ird fill$4 ,! phial mu/ be c>efully cork$1 & :5 us$ %\ld be un/opp$1 to admit ! ext]nal air1 & clos$ aga94 ,! empty space ( ! phial w !n appe> lum9\s1 & give z mu* light z an ord9>y lamp4 ,ea* "t t ! light disappe>s1 on remov+ ! /opp] x w in/antly re-appe>4 ,9 cold wea!r ! bottle %\ld be w>m$ 9 ! h&s be=e ! /opp] is remov$4 ,a phial ?us prep>$ may be us$ e night = six mon?s4 ,,ruses4 ,,! ,,wond]ful ,,hat4 ,place ?ree pieces ( bread1 or o!r eatable1 at a little di/ance f ea* o!r on a table1 & cov] ea* ) a hat2 y !n take up ! fir/ hat1 & remov+ ! bread1 put x into y\r m\?1 & let y\r company see t y swall[ x2 !n raise ! second hat1 & eat ! bread :i* 0 "u t1 & d ! same ) ! ?ird4 ,hav+ eat5 ! ?ree pieces1 give any p]son 9 company lib]ty to *oose "u :i* hat he w\ld wi% ^? ?ree pieces ( bread to be2 :5 he has made *oice ( "o ( ! hats1 put x on y\r head1 & ask him if he does n ?9k t !y are "u x4 ,,to ,,br+ ,a ,,p]son ,,d[n ,,^u ,a ,,fea!r4 ,?is is a practical pun3--,y desire any "o to /& on a *air or table1 & y tell him t1 not)/&+ 8 weight1 y w br+ him d[n ^u a fea!r4 ,y !n leave ! room1 & procur+ a fea!r f a fea!r-b$1 y give x to him1 & tell him y h p]=m$ y\r promise1--t y engag$ to br+ him d[n ^u a fea!r1 :i* y h done2 = !re is ! fea!r1 &1 if he looks1 he'll f9d d[n ^u x4 ,,! ,,app>5t ,,impossibility4 ,y pr(ess y\rself able to %[ any "o :at he nev] saw1 :at y nev] saw1 & :at nobody else ev] saw1 & :i*1 aft] y two h se51 nobody else ev] %all see4 ,aft] reque/+ ! company to guess ?is riddle1 & !y h pr(ess$ !mselves unable to d s1 produce a nut1 & hav+ crack$ x1 take out ! k]nel1 & ask !m if !y h ev] se5 t be=e2 !y w ( c\rse answ]1 ,no2 y reply1 nei!r h ,i1 & ,i ?9k y w confess t nobody else has ev] se5 x1 & n[ no "o %all ev] see x aga92 say+ :i*1 y put ! k]nel into y\r m\? & eat x4 ,,an ,,omelet ,,cook$ ,,9 ,a ,,hat1 ,,ov] ,,! ,,flame ,,( ,a ,,c&le4 ,y ask ! company if !y w\ld l an omelet cook$2 !n y break f\r eggs 9 a hat1 place ! hat = a %ort "t ov] ! flame ( a c&le1 & %ortly aft] produce an omelet1 completely cook$1 & q hot4 ,"s p]sons w\ld be cr$ul\s en\gh to believe t by ! help ( c]ta9 +r$i5ts y _h be5 enabl$ to cook ! omelet )\t fire2 b ! secret ( ! trick is1 t ! omelet _h be5 previ\sly cook$ & plac$ 9 ! hat1 b c\ld n be se51 because ! op]ator1 :5 break+ ! eggs1 plac$ x too high = ! spectators to obs]ve ! cont5ts4 ,! eggs 7 empty ones1 ! cont5ts hav+ be5 previ\sly extract$1 by be+ suck$ ?r\gh a small ap]ture1 b to prev5t ! company f suspect+ ?is1 ! op]ator manages1 z if by accid5t1 to let a full "o fall on ! table1 :i* break+1 induces a belief t ! o!rs are also full4 ,,! ,,impossible ,,omelet4 ,y produce "s butt]1 eggs1 & o!r +r$i5ts = mak+ an omelet1 toge!r ) a fry+-pan1 9 a room :]e !re is a fire1 & /ate1 t ! clev]e/ cook w n be able to make an omelet ) !m4 ,! wag] is won by hav+ previ\sly caus$ ! eggs to be boil$ v h>d4 ,,g ,,if ,,y ,,c4 ,y tell a p]son t y w clasp 8 h&s toge!r 9 su* a mann]1 t he %all n be able to leave ! room )\t unclasp+ !m1 al?\gh y w n conf9e 8 feet1 or b5d 8 body1 or 9 any way oppose 8 exit4 ,! trick is p]=m$ by clasp+ ! p>ty's h&s r\nd ! pill> ( a l>ge circul> table or o!r bulky article ( furniture1 too l>ge = him to drag ?r\gh ! doorway4 ,,! ,,figure ,,puzzle4 ,y ass]t t y c prove ! half ( n9e to be ei!r f\r or six2 & ! half ( twelve to be sev54 ,to make ?is manife/ y h only to draw a n9e or a twelve 9 num]als1 & fold ! pap] across ! middle1 z 9 ! m>g94 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,visible ,,invisible4 ,y tell ! company t y w place a c&le 9 su* a mann] t e p]son 9 ! room1 except "o1 %all see x2 yet y w n bl9dfold him1 nor 9 any way re/ra9 8 p]son1 or (f] ! lea/ imp$im5t to 8 exam9+ or go+ to any "p ( ! room he pleases4 ,?is trick is accompli%$ by plac+ ! c&le on ! p>ty's head2 b x _c be p]=m$ if a look+-glass is 9 ! room1 z t w enable him to turn ! laugh aga9/ y4 ,,! ,,d\ble ,,mean+4 ,place a glass ( any liquid ^u ! table1 put a hat ov] x1 & say3 8,i w engage to dr9k ! liquid "u t hat1 & yet ,i'll n t\* ! hat40 ,y !n get "u ! table1 & aft] giv+ ?ree knocks1 y make a noise ) y\r m\? z if y 7 swall[+ ! liquid4 ,!n gett+ f "u ! table1 y say3 8,n[1 g5tlem51 be pleas$ to look40 ,"s "o1 eag] to see if y h drunk ! liquid1 w raise up ! hat1 :5 y in/antly take ! glass1 & dr9k ! cont5ts1 say+3 8,g5tlem51 ,i h fulfill$ my promise4 ,y are all witnesses t ,i did n t\* ! hat40 ,,q ,,tir$ ,,out4 ,y und]take to make a p]son s tir$1 by attempt+ to c>ry a small /ick out ( ! room1 z to be unable to accompli% x1 al?\gh y w add no?+ to 8 bur!n1 nor lay any re/ra9t ^u 8 p]sonal lib]ty4 ,to p]=m ?is manuvre1 y take up ! /ick1 & cutt+ (f a v small sliv]1 y direct him to c>ry x out ( ! room1 & return = m2 conclud+ by tell+ him1 t y mean him to p]=m z _m simil> j\rneys z y c cut pieces (f ! /ick4 ,z ?is may be made to am\nt to _m ?\s&s1 he w ( c\rse gladly give up ! und]tak+4 ,,some?+ ,,out ,,( ,,! ,,common4 ,hav+ pick$ a /ick or /one (f a common1 y tell a p]son t y are ab\t to %[ him some?+ :i* w surprise him1--some?+1 9 fact1 q out ( ! common4 ,hav+ ?us excit$ 8 curiosity1 y produce ! /ick or /one1 or :atev] else y may h pick$ up1 :i* ( c\rse he w exam9e v int5tly1 & at l5g? obs]ve1 t he sees no?+ extraord9>y 9 x4 8,t may be10 y reply1 8& yet1 ,i assure y1 t x is really some?+ out ( ! common40 ,?is w1 no d\bt1 set him ^u a fre% exam9ation1 :i* w naturally end 9 8 ask+ = an explanation4 ,?is y give1 by tell+ him t 8?\gh n uncommon1 x is out ( ! common1 = x is out ( ---- ,common20 & no d\bt1 ! company pres5t w indulge 9 a he>ty laugh at ! qu]i/'s exp5se4 ,,to ,,rub ,,"o ,,sixp5ce ,,into ,,two4 ,previ\sly wet a sixp5ce slightly1 & /ick x to ! "u edge ( a table1 7)\t a cov]17 at ! place :]e y are sitt+4 ,y !n borr[ a sixp5ce f "o ( ! company1 & tuck+ up y\r sleeves v high1 & op5+ y\r f+]s1 to %[ t y h n ano!r conceal$1 rub x quickly backw>ds & =w>ds on ! table1 ) y\r "r h&1 hold+ y\r left "u ! edge ( ! table to cat* x4 ,aft] two or ?ree feign$ unsuccessful attempts to accompli% y\r object1 y loos5 ! conceal$ sixp5ce ) ! tips ( ! f+]s ( ! left h&1 at ! same "t t y are sweep+ ! borr[$ sixp5ce into x2 & rubb+ !m a little :ile toge!r 9 y\r h&s1 y ?r[ !m bo? on ! table4 ,,magic ,,circle4 ,y tell a p]son y w place him 9 ! c5tre ( a room1 & draw a circle ( *alk r\nd him1 :i* %all n exce$ ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 yet out ( :i* he %all n be able to leap1 ?\gh 8 legs %all be p]fectly free4 ,:5 ! p>ty has exhau/$ 8 +5uity 9 try+ to discov] by :at means y c prev5t 8 accompli%+ s seem+ly easy a task1 y ask him if he w try1 & on 8 ass5t+1 y br+ him into ! middle ( ! room1 & hav+ reque/$ him to button 8 coat tightly1 y draw ) a piece ( *alk1 a circle r\nd 8 wai/1 outside 8 coat1 & tell him to jump out ( x6 ,x w greatly improve ?is trick if ! p]son be bl9dfold$1 z he w n be aw>e ( ! mode ( p]=m+ x till ! b&age is remov$1 provid$ 8 att5tion be div]t$ :ile y are draw+ ! l9e r\nd him4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,,melange4 ,illu/ration3 ,,melange4 ,,illusions ,,( ,,t\*4 ,,apply ! po9ts ( a pair ( compasses1 di/ant f ea* o!r "o or two l9es1 to ! *eek1 j be=e ! e>2 !n move !m successively to sev]al o!r p>ts ( ! *eek1 & y w f9d1 on approa*+ ! m\?1 t ! po9ts w appe> to rec$e f ea* o!r2 ?is effect be+ produc$ by ! great diff]5ce ( ! s5se ( t\* 9 ^! p>ts1 ,x is a g5]al law1 t 9 ! m s5sitive portions ( ! sk91 any two po9ts appe> to be fur!r asund] f ea* o!r1 ?an po9ts ( equal di/ance appe> to be to a less s5sitive portion4 ,! same exp]im5ts may be made by hold+ toge!r ! extremities ( ! =e-f+] & ?umb1 & !n pass+ ! tips ( bo? 9 a l9e f ! e> to ei!r ! upp] or ! "u lip2 z !y approa* ! latt]1 !y w feel to ! *eek z if !y 7 becom+ m & m di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,if ! sk9 be t\*$ ) ! po9ts ( a pair ( compasses1 "o in* asund]1 ! p]son s t\*$1 :ile he %uts 8 eyes1 w in/antly be aw>e t 8 sk9 is t\*$ 9 two places2 b by cont9ually draw+ ! two po9ts clos]1 a degree ( ne>ness may be rea*$ at :i* ! p]son w imag9e 8 sk9 to be t\*$ by only "o body3 he w1 h[ev]1 describe ?is body1 or ! compasses1 to be a little long] 9 "o direction ?an ano!r2 & x appe>s t ?is diff]5ce ( l5g? corresponds ) ! di/ance betwe5 ! two po9ts ( ! compasses4 ,:5 ^! po9ts are br\ght /ill ne>] toge!r1 ! inequality w no long] be felt1 & ! p]son w fancy he is be+ t\*$ by "o body only4 ,h&le a pea3 x is "o--place x betwe5 ! fir/ & second f+]s ( ! "r h&1 9 _! natural position1 & y w /ill feel ! pea b z "o4 ,!n cross ! two f+]s1 br++ ! second ov] ! fir/1 & place ! pea 9 ! =k betwe5 !m1 s z to feel ! left side ( ! pea ) ! "r side ( ! second f+]1 & ! "r ) ! left ( ! fir/ ,! impression w !n be t y h two peas t\*+ ! f+]s1 especially if ! eyes be %ut1 & ! f+]s be plac$ by ano!r p]son4 ,! illusion w be equally /rong if ! two =e-f+]s ( bo? h&s be cross$1 & ! pea plac$ betwe5 !m4 ,,illusion ,,( ,,! ,,ta/e4 ,if ! nose be held tightly :ile y are eat+ c9namon y w p]ceive sc>cely any diff]5ce betwe5 its flav\r & t ( a deal %av+4 ,,! ,,g5]al ,,blea*]4 ,provide "s /rong *loride ( lime1 soak 9 x /rips ( pr9t$ cotton2 take !m out1 dry !m1 & y w f9d !m v :ite1 b v rott51 slitt+ & dropp+ into holes ^u ! slighte/ t\*4 ,! dazzl+ :it5ess ( pap] is caus$ by blea*+ x ) *loride ( lime4 ,?us1 if y write on pr9t+ pap] ) common ink1 x w fade1 because ! *loride w de/roy ! col\r+ matt] ( writ+ ink4 ,x w n1 h[ev]1 *ange pr9t+ ink1 z t owes its blackness to *>coal1 :i* is a s+ul>ly p]man5t sub/ance4 ,blot ov] a pr9t$ page ) common writ+ ink1 wa% x ) *loride ( lime1 :5 ! blots w disappe>1 & leave ! pr9t+ un*ang$4 ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,col\r$ ,,glass ,,on ,,bulb\s ,,roots4 ,put a bulb1 z a hyac9?1 n>cissus1 c41 into a :ite glass1 & ano!r into a purple glass3 ! latt] w gr[ fa/] ?an ! =m]2 &1 if a p9* ( salt1 or a piece ( nitre1 be put into ! wat] :5ev] x is *ang$1 ! brightness ( ! col\r ( ! fl[] w be consid]ably height5$4 ,,! ,,sp9n+-,,top 8,,asleep40 ,sp9 a top1 & x w = "s "t /& 8asleep10 z x is call$ 9 ! p>lance ( ! play-gr\nd4 ,! cause is ?us expla9$ by ,dr4 ,arnot1 9 8 valuable ,elem5ts ( ,physics3 8,:ile ! top is p]fectly upright1 its po9t be+ directly "u its c5tre1 supports x /eadily1 & al?\gh turn+ s rapidly1 has no t5d5cy to move f ! place2 b1 if ! top incl9e at all1 ! side ( ! peg1 in/ead ( ! v po9t1 comes 9 contact ) ! floor1 & ! peg !n becomes a little :eel or roll]1 advanc+ quickly1 &1 ) its t\*+ edge1 describ+ a curve some:at z a skat] does1 until x becomes directly "u ! body ( ! top1 z be=e4 ,x ?us appe>s t ! v fact ( ! top incl9+ causes ! po9t to %ift its place1 s t x _c re/ until x come aga9 directly "u ! c5tre ( ! top40 ,,to ,,judge ,,( ,,weights4 ,p]sons accu/om$ to e/imate weights by pois+ !m 9 _! h&s1 w di/+ui% p]fectly betwe5 two1 only diff]+ by a ?irtie? "p4 ,9 comp>+ two weights1 poise "o & !n in/antly ! o!r1 9 ! same h&2 ! few seconds ( "t t pass betwe5 ! pois+ ( ! two weights w n prev5t _! accurate comp>ison4 ,! int]val may am\nt to tw5ty seconds1 yet a j e/imate may /ill be made2 b :5 x am\nts to =ty seconds1 all accuracy w be lo/4 ,,quicksilv] ,,& ,,oil ,,unit$4 ,let fall a v small drop ( oil ^u a l>ge drop ( m]cury1 & ! latt] w become enl>g$4 ,?is ph5om5on is attribut$ to a comb9ation ( ! oil ) ! m]cury1 :i* produces a comp\nd1 ! attraction ( :i* is less /rong ?an t ( pure m]cury4 ,,to ,,dissolve ,,! ,,soda ,,9 ,,glass4 ,glass consi/s ( s&1 c>bonate ( soda1 & r$ lead1 heat$ toge!r4 ,if wat] be p\r$ into a glass vessel1 nei!r ( ! +r$i5ts w be affect$ by x2 b1 if ! glass be r$uc$ to a f9e p[d]1 & wat] be p\r$ on x1 ! soda w in/antly be dissolv$4 ,or1 moi/51 ) wat] a piece ( tum]ic1 or te/-pap]1 drop on x a little p[d]$ glass1 & ! soda 9 x w *ange ! yell[ pap] to br[n4 ,,wat]pro( ,,pap]4 ,make a solution ( ca\t*\c 9 ca\t*\c9e1 plunge into x1 once or twice1 unsiz$ pap]1 & dry x by a g5tle heat4 ,x may !n be us$ z writ+ pap]1 & w resi/ all humidity2 & small vessels made ( x w ev5 conta9 wat]4 ,,to ,,dissolve ,,gold ,,or ,,plat9um4 ,mix a little nitric acid ) half ! quantity ( muriatic acid1 into :i* put ! metal = solution4 ,or1 p\r a little aque\s solution ( *lor9e into a small glass1 & put 9 a bit ( pure gold leaf2 /ir x ) a glass rod1 & ! gold w dissolve4 ,?us gold1 :i* _c be dissolv$ 9 nitric1 sulphuric1 or o!r /rong acids1 w quickly disappe> 9 wat]1 ) a little *lor9e 9 solution4 ,,cold] ,,?an ,,ice4 ,mix common salt ) p\nd$ ice or sn[1 & !y w run into br9e1 :i* w be mu* cold] ?an ! ice or sn[4 ,,contra-,,cry/allization4 ,dissolve two ounces ( nitre & ?ree ( ,glaub] salts 9 five ounces ( w>m wat]2 fill two bottles ) ! solution1 into "o ( :i* put a cry/al ( nitre1 & into ! o!r a cry/al ( ,glaub] salts2 place bo? bottles 9 ice-cold wat]1 :5 nitre only w cry/allize 9 ! "o & ,glaub] salts 9 ! o!r4 ,,"o ,,& ,,"o ,,d ,,n ,,make ,,two4 ,mix a w9e-glass full ( sulphuric acid ) a w9e-glass full ( wat]1 cauti\sly2 &1 on re-measur+ ! mixture1 x w n be f\nd suffici5t to re-fill bo? glasses4 ,,to ,,copy ,,writ+ ,,in/antly4 ,add a little sug> to ink1 ) :i* write ! lett] to be copi$2 !n lay a %eet ( ?9 unsiz$ pap]1 damp$ ) a sponge1 on ! writ+2 pass lightly ov] x a flat iron1 v mod]ately heat$1 & a rev]se impression ( ! writ+ w be accurately tak5 (f4 ,,! ,,rival ,,dials4 ,fix two p5dulum clocks to ! same wall1 or lay two wat*es ^u ! same table1 & !y w take ! same rate ( go+1 ?\gh !y w\ld v>y 9 t rate if !y 7 plac$ 9 sep>ate ap>tm5ts4 ,inde$1 x has be5 obs]v$1 t ! p5dulum ( "o clock w ev5 /op t ( ! o!r1 & t ! /opp$ p5dulum w1 aft] a c]ta9 "t1 g aga91 &1 9 its turn /op ! o!r p5dulum4 ,,to ,,sp9 ,,indian ,,rubb]4 ,dissolve a small piece ( ,indian rubb] 9 a little ca\t*\c9e1 & put a drop or two ( ! solution ^u a look+-glass or w9d[-pane2 t\* x lightly ) a dry piece ( ,indian rubb]1 quickly draw out a f9e ?read1 :i* atta* to a c>d1 & w9d (f z silk4 ,,indelible ,,writ+4 ,z ! art ( man c unmake :atev] 8 +5uity c make1 we h no "r to expect an indelible ink2 h[ev]1 an approximation to x may be made z foll[s3 make a saturat$ solution ( indigo & madd] 9 boil+ wat]1 9 su* proportions z to give a purple t9t2 add to x f "o-six? to "o-eigh? ( its weight ( sulphuric acid1 accord+ to ! ?ickness & /r5g? ( ! pap] to be us$4 ,write ) ?is ink1 & expose ! pap] to a gradual heat f ! fire1 :5 ! *>act]s w be completely black1 ! lett]s be+ burnt 9 & *>r$ by ! sulphuric acid4 ,if ! acid has n be5 us$ 9 suffici5t quantity to de/roy ! texture ( ! pap]1 & r$uce x to ! /ate ( t9d]1 ! col\r may be dis*>g$ by wa%+ x ) a /rong solution ( oxalic acid 9 wat]4 ,:5 ! full proportion ( acid has be5 employ$1 crumple & rub ! pap]1 & ! *>r$ lett]s w fall out2 !n by plac+ a black gr\nd beh9d ! lett]s1 !y may be pres]v$1 & ?us a species ( indelible writ+ may be procur$1 ! lett]s be+1 z x 71 /amp$ out ( ! pap]4 ,,vegetable ,,anatomy4 ,soak any "p ( a plant 9 nitric acid = a %ort space ( "t1 & all p[] ( cohesion w be lo/ by ! vessels1 :i* w become transp>5t1 & be easily sep>able f ea* o!r by g5tle dissection4 ,s complete w be ! effect1 t ev5 ! mo/ delicate cells ( ! cellul> tissue w become dis5gag$ f ea* o!r1 & may be exam9$ s+ly ) p]fect ease4 ,?is discov]y w enable p]sons :o h n comp\nd microscopes1 & delicate direct+ in/rum5ts1 to anatomize plants ) facility4 ,,to ,,tell ,,:at ,o',,clock ,,x ,,is ,,by ,,! ,,moon4 ,?is may be calculat$ by ! %ad[ :i* ! moon ca/s ^u a sun-dial1 x be+ only necess>y to "k ! moon's age1 :i* may be f\nd 9 an almanack4 ,if ! new moon happ5s 9 ! morn+1 ?is day is tak5 into ! acc\nt2 b if x happ5s aft] noon1 ! foll[+ day is c\nt$ ! fir/4 ,! moon's age is to be multipli$ by f\r & divid$ by five4 ,! quoti5t mu/ ei!r be add$ to ! h\r1 :i* ! %ad[ indicates on ! sun-dial1 & ! sum w give ! "t s\ght2 or subtract f ! quoti5t ! h\r %[n by ! moon ^u ! dial1 & ! rema9d] w give ! h\r s\ght4 ,! fir/ is to be done :5 ! %ad[ falls on an h\r ( ! aft]noon1 & ! latt] :5 x falls ^u an h\r ( ! =5oon4 ,! foll[+ are examples3 #a/4 ,suppose ! moon to be t5 days old1 & ! %ade ca/ by ! moon ^u ! sun-dial to be at half-pa/ two2 or1 t ! %ad[ ca/ by ! moon falls on ! place at :i* ! %ad[ ca/ by ! sun /&s at half-pa/ two2--:at o'clock 0 x !n8 ,! answ] is calculat$ z foll[s3--,! moon's age1 #aj days #d #dj #dj_/e #h4 ,eight1 !re=e1 is ! "t :5 ! moon 0 9 ! m]idian1 & #h #b #aj1 or half-pa/ t51 ! h\r s\ght4 #b;d4 ,suppose ! moon to h be5 #ah days old1 & ! %ad[ ca/ by x on ! sun-dial to h m>k$ elev54 ,?is "t is subtract$ f ! h\r :5 ! moon 0 9 ! m]idian on t day1 & f :i* ! h\r m>k$ by ! %ad[ mu/ be d$uct$4 ,! %ad[ %[s "h #aa o'clock 9 ! =5oon1 or "o h\r be=e noon1 :i*1 d$uct$ f #b;h4 #bdm4 gives #a;h4 #bdm42 #b - #a #a1 or #bd m9utes pa/ "o o'clock4 ,,! ,,physiognotype4 ,?is is a newly-inv5t$ in/rum5t1 by ! aid ( :i* a p]son may h a pla/] ca/ ( 8 face tak5 )\t submitt+ to ! usual unpleasant process4 ,x consi/s ( an assemblage ( v f9e moveable wires1 conf9$ closely toge!r )9 a broad hoop or b&1 aft] ! mann] ( ! bri/les 9 a telescope he>?-bru%1 b n clos$ at ! back1 9 ord] to all[ to ! wires a free passage4 ,! wires slide 9 a metal plate1 p]=at$ all ov] ) holes1 v f9e & close toge!r4 ,! app>atus is surr\nd$ by an out] case :i* is fill$ ) w>m wat]1 9 ord] to prev5t any unpleasant s5sation on ! contact ( ! in/rum5t ) ! sk94 ,illu/ration ,:5 x is desir$ to take a lik5ess1 ! in/rum5t is appli$ to ! face ) a g5tle & gradual pressure1 ! wires easily yield & slide back1 con=mably to ! prom95ces ( ! c\nt5ance2 !y are !n fix$ tightly 9 _! position1 & ?us =m a m\ld :i* w yield a p]fect & fai?ful ca/ ( ! face1 9 :i* ev5 ! mo/ m9ute l9e w appe> ) ! /ricte/ accuracy4 ,,inf9ite ,,divisibility ,,( ,,matt]4 ,dissolve a s+le gra9 ( copp] 9 ab\t "o dram ( nitric acid1 & dilute ! solution ) ab\t "o ounce ( wat]1 :5 x w be evid5t t a s+le drop ( ! mixture mu/ conta9 an almo/ immeasurably small portion ( copp]4 ,yet1 if ! blade ( a knife be dipp$ into x1 x w become cov]$ ) a coat ( copp]2 ?us %[+ t ! copp] c be inf9itely divid$ )\t any alt]ation 9 its prop]ties4 ,,hold+ ,,! ,,brea?4 ,if a p]son inspire deeply1 he w be able1 imm$iately aft]1 to hold brea? = a "t1 v>y+ ) 8 heal?1 /ate ( ex]tion1 or repose4 ,a man1 dur+ an active walk1 may n be able to cease brea?+ = m ?an half a m9ute2 b1 aft] re/+ on a *air or b$1 he may refra9 f brea?+ = a m9ute & a half1 or ev5 two m9utes4 ,b if he w prep>e himself by brea?+ deeply1 h>dly1 & quickly 7z he w\ld naturally d aft] runn+71 & ceas+ t op]ation ) 8 lungs full ( air1 !n hold 8 brea? z long z he is able1 he w f9d t ! "t1 dur+ :i* he c rema9 )\t brea?+1 w be d\ble1 or ev5 m ?an d\ble ! =m]4 ,?is effect may be r5d]$ exce$+ly s]viceable1 z on _m occasions a man :o c hold brea? = a m9ute1 or two m9utes1 may save ! life ( ano!r2 su* z 9 ent]+ a *amb] on fire1 rescu+ f dr[n+1 c4 ,,s& ,,9 ,,! ,,h\r-,,glass4 ,x is a rem>kable fact1 t ! fl[ ( s& 9 ! h\r-glass is p]fectly equable1 :atev] may be ! quantity 9 ! glass2 t is1 ! s& runs no fa/] :5 ! upp] half ( ! glass is q full ?an :5 x is ne>ly empty4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be natural en\gh to conclude t1 :5 full ( s&1 x w\ld be m swiftly urg$ ?r\gh ! ap]ture1 ?an :5 ! glass 0 only a qu>t] full1 & ne> ! close ( ! h\r4 ,! fact ( ! ev5 fl[ ( s& may be prov$ by a v simple exp]im5t4 ,provide "s silv] s&1 dry x ov] or be=e ! fire1 & pass x ?r\gh a tol]ably f9e sieve4 ,!n take a tube1 ( any l5g? or diamet]1 clos$ at "o end1 9 :i* make a small hole1 say ! eigh? ( an in*2 /op ?is ) a peg1 & fill up ! tube ) ! sift$ s&4 ,hold ! tube /eadily1 or fix x to a wall1 or frame1 at any height f a table2 remove ! peg1 & p]mit ! s& to fl[ 9 any measure = any giv5 "t1 & note ! quantity4 ,!n1 let ! tube be empti$1 & only half or a qu>t] fill$ ) s&1 measure aga91 = a l "t1 & ! same quantity ( s& w fl[3 ev5 if y press ! s& 9 ! tube ) a rul] or /ick1 ! fl[ ( ! s& ?r\gh ! hole w n be increas$4 ,! above is expla9$ by ! fact1 t :5 ! s& is p\r$ into ! tube1 x fills x ) a succession ( conical heaps1 & t all ! weight :i* ! bottom ( ! tube su/a9s1 is only t ( ! heap :i* fir/ falls ^u x2 z ! succe$+ heaps d n press d[nw>d1 b only aga9/ ! sides or walls ( ! tube4 ,,resi/ance ,,( ,,s&4 ,f ! above exp]im5t x may be conclud$1 t x is extremely difficult to ?ru/ s& out ( a tube by means ( a fitt+ plug or pi/on2 & ?is1 ^u trial1 is f\nd to be ! case4 ,fit a pi/on to a tube 7exactly l a boy's pop-gun71 p\r "s s& 91 & try ) ! utmo/ /r5g? ( ! arm to pu% out ! s&4 ,x w be f\nd impossible to d ?is3 r ?an ! s& %\ld be %ot out1 ! tube w bur/ at ! sides4 ,,glass ,,brok5 ,,by ,,s&4 ,if bullets be let fall on glass :i* has be5 cool$ 9 ! op5 air1 !y w n break x2 b1 if a few gra9s ( s& be let fall on ! same k9d ( glass1 x w be brok5 into a ?\s& pieces6 ,?is is expla9$ by ! lead n scrat*+ ! surface ( ! glass2 :]eas ! s&1 be+ %>p & angul>1 scrat*es suffici5tly to break x4 ,,to ,,blea* ,,ivory4 ,place any piece ( discol\r$ ivory b5ea? a glass1 expose x to ! sun1 & x w soon be re/or$ to pure :it5ess2 :]eas1 if ! ivory be expos$ to ! sun )\t ! glass cov]+1 x w become m discol\r$4 ,,vani%+ ,,%ells4 ,put into a little dilut$ muriatic acid1 a common :elk-%ell1 :5 x w be completely dissolv$1 & n a s5sible trace ( x left beh9d4 ,if an oy/]-%ell1 or l& snail-%ell be put into ! acid1 _! sub/ances w disappe>1 b ! =m or skeleton ( ! %ells w rema94 ,,! ,,magic ,,egg4 ,fill a bas9 ) dilute muriatic acid1 & put into x an egg1 :i* w s9k2 b1 9 a few seconds1 ! :ole ( ! egg-%ell be+ cov]$ ) bubbles ( c>bonic acid gas1 w rise to ! surface1 a portion ( ! egg w be lift$ above ! surface1 & ! :ole egg w sl[ly rotate4 ,?is rotation is =m$ by ! bubbles ( gas =m+ at ! "u "p ( ! egg1 & ov] all ! subm]s$ portions1 :i* r5d] !m light] ?an ! portions above ! liquid level1 till ! "u portion asc5ds & ! o!r desc5ds4 ,,! ,,magic ,,:irlpool4 ,fill a glass tumbl] ) wat]1 ?r[ ^u its surface a few fragm5ts or ?9 %av+s ( camphor1 & !y w in/antly beg9 to move & acquire a motion1 bo? progressive & rotatory1 :i* w cont9ue = a consid]able "t4 ,dur+ ^! rotations1 if ! wat] be t\*$ by any sub/ance :i* is at all greasy1 ! float+ p>ticles w quickly d>t back1 &1 z if by a /roke ( magic1 be in/antly depriv$ ( _! motion & vivacity4 ,9 l mann]1 if ?9 slices ( cork be /eep$ 9 sulphuric e!r 9 a clos$ bottle1 = two or ?ree days1 & !n plac$ ^u ! wat]1 !y w rotate = sev]al m9utes1 l ! camphor2 until ! slices ( cork hav+ dis*>g$ all _! e!r1 & become soak$ ) wat]1 !y w keep at re/4 ,if ! wat] be made hot1 ! motion ( ! camphor w be m rapid ?an 9 cold wat]1 b x w cease 9 proportionately less "t4 ,?us1 provide two glasses1 "o conta9+ wat] at #eh degrees1 & ! o!r at #baj degrees2 place rasp+s ( camphor ^u ea* at ! same "t2 ! camphor 9 ! fir/ glass w rotate = ab\t five h\rs1 until all b a v m9ute portion has evaporat$1 :ile ! rotation ( ! camphor 9 ! hot wat] w la/ only n9ete5 m9utes2 ab\t half ! camphor w pass (f1 & ! rema9+ pieces1 in/ead ( be+ dull1 :ite1 & opaque1 w be vitre\s & transp>5t1 & evid5tly soak$ ) wat]4 ,! gyrations1 too1 :i* at fir/ w be v rapid1 w gradually decl9e 9 velocity1 until !y become q sluggi%4 ,! /ill+ influ5ce ( oil ^u waves has become prov]bial3 ! extraord9>y mann] 9 :i* a small quantity ( oil in/antly spreads ov] a v l>ge surface ( tr\bl$ wat]1 & ! /eal?y mann] 9 :i* ev5 a r\gh w9d glides ov] x1 mu/ h excit$ ! admiration ( all :o h witness$ x4 ,by ! same pr9ciple1 a drop ( oil may be made to /op ! motion ( ! camphor z foll[s3 ?r[ "s camphor1 bo? 9 slices & 9 small p>ticles1 ^u ! surface ( wat]1 & :ile !y are rotat+1 dip a glass rod into oil ( turp5t9e1 & all[ a s+le drop !re( to trickle d[n ! inn] side ( ! glass to ! surface ( ! wat]2 ! camphor w in/antly d>t to ! opposite po9t ( ! liquid surface1 & cease to rotate4 ,if a piece ( h>d tall[ or l>d be employ$1 ! motion ( ! camphor w be m sl[ly /opp$ ?an by oil or fluid grease1 z ! latt] spreads ov] ! surface ( ! wat] ) great] rapidity4 ,if a few drops ( sulphuric or muriatic acid be let fall into ! wat]1 !y w gradually /op ! motion ( ! camphor2 b1 if camphor be dropp$ into nitric acid dilut$ ) its own bulk ( wat]1 x w rotate rapidly = a few seconds & !n /op4 ,if a piece ( ! rotat+ camphor be att5tively exam9$ ) a l5s1 ! curr5ts ( ! wat] c be well di/+ui%$1 jett+ out1 *iefly f ! corn]s ( ! camphor1 & be>+ x r\nd ) irregul> =ce4 ,! curr5ts1 z giv5 out by ! camphor1 may also be se5 by means ( ! microscope2 a drop or two ( pure wat] be+ plac$ ^u a slip ( glass1 ) a p>ticle ( camphor float+ ^u x4 ,by ?is means1 ! curr5ts may be detect$1 & x w be se5 t !y cause ! rotations4 ,or1 a flat wat*-glass1 call$ a lun>1 may be employ$1 rais$ a few in*es1 & support$ on a wire r+1 kept /eady by ?ru/+ "o end into an upright piece ( wood1 l a retort /&4 ,!n put ! camphor & wat] 9 ! wat*-glass1 & place "u ! frame a %eet ( :ite pap]1 s t x may receive ! %ad[ ( ! glass1 camphor1 c41 to be ca/ by a /eady light plac$ above1 & some:at on "o side ( ! wat*-glass4 ,on obs]v+ ! %ad[1 :i* may be consid]$ a magnifi$ repres5tation ( ! object itself1 ! rotations & curr5ts c be di/+ui%$4,b ,b ,abridg$ f ! ,magaz9e ( ,popul> ,sci5ce1 vol4 iii4 ,,magic ,,porcela94 ,a peculi> k9d ( porcela9 0 =m]ly manufactur$ 9 ,*9a1 :i* exhibit$ its col\r & devices only :5 fill$ ) wat]4 ,?\gh ! art ( manufactur+ ?is porcela9 has be5 lo/1 & ! mode _c n[ be describ$ ) accuracy1 ! foll[+ has be5 conjectur$ z n v remote f ! tru?4 ,! fir/ requisite 0 t ! vessel be extremely ?91 s t ! figures to be =m$ might be suffici5tly cle> & p]ceptible4 ,aft] ! vessel has be5 bak$1 ! figures1 :i* 7 mo/ly fi%1 7z ^? 7 mo/ appropriate ) ! wat]71 7 =m$ on ! inside2 &1 aft] ! col\r _h dri$1 a second extremely ?9 coat1 ( ! same sub/ance z t ( :i* ! vessel 0 con/ruct$1 0 la9 on ! inside & v>ni%$4 ,! fi%1 or o!r device1 w\ld !n1 x is evid5t1 be enclos$ betwe5 ! two coats ( ! w>e ( :i* ! vessel 0 made4 ,all t rema9$ to be done 0 to gr9d ! outside ( ! vessel z close to ! figures z possible1 to v>ni% x aga91 & bake x a second "t2 & ?\gh1 aft] ?is op]ation1 ! figures & embelli%m5ts w\ld n be at all p]ceptible1 yet1 s soon z ! vessel 0 fill$ ) wat]1 !y w\ld at once be r5d]$ cle> & di/9ct to a degree sc>cely cr$ible4 ,attempts h be5 made to revive ?is beautiful art1 b hi!rto )\t success4 ,a ,,galvanic ,,tongue4 ,coat ! po9t ( ! tongue ) t9-foil1 & its middle "p ) gold or silv] leaf2 :5 a s\ri% ta/e w be produc$1 & ! tongue w be galvanis$4 ,,dr9k+ ,,port] ,,out ,,( ,,pewt]4 ,if port] be drunk out ( a pewt] pot1 x w produce a m brisk s5sation ?an :5 x is tak5 out ( a glass vessel1 :i* is ascrib$ to a galvanic effect4 ,9 ?is in/ance !re is a comb9ation ( "o metal & two dissimil> fluids1 :i* comb9ation con/itutes a galvanic circle4 ,9 ! act ( dr9k+1 "o side ( ! pewt] pot is expos$ to ! action ( ! saliva1 :i* moi/5s ! lip1 :ile ! o!r metallic side is 9 contact ) ! port]2 ! circuit be+ ?us complet$1 an agreeable reli% is communicat$ to ! bev]age :5 x comes 9 contact ) ! tongue4 ,,electric ,,or ,,galvanic ,,pres]vation4 ,imm]se a slip ( copp] 9 dilute nitric acid1 & x w be soon corrod$ & dissolv$2 b1 if a slip ( z9c be imm]s$ ) ! copp]1 ! z9c w be dissolv$1 & ! copp] rema9 unalt]$ & un9jur$4 ,,light ,,f ,,! ,,diamond4 ,expose a f9e diamond to ! sunbeams1 & c>ry x into a d>k room1 :5 x w exhibit phosphoresc5ce3 & x has be5 /at$ t su* diamonds z d n display ?is peculi>ity1 may be made to d s by dipp+ !m into melt$ borax4 ,! diamond becomes phosphoresc5t also :5 fix$ to ! prime conductor ( an electrical ma*9e1 & a few sp>ks may be tak5 f x4 ,x likewise becomes electric by friction2 & ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,boyle obta9$ electric gleams by rubb+ two diamonds toge!r 9 ! d>k4 ,,to ,,break ,a ,,/one ,,) ,a ,,bl[ ,,( ,,! ,,fi/4 ,select two /ones f ?ree to six in*es long1 & ab\t half z ?ick2 lay "o flat on ! gr\nd1 on :i* place "o end ( ! o!r1 rais+ ! rev]se end to an angle ( =ty-five degrees1 & j ov] ! c5tre ( ! /one 7) :i* x mu/ =m a ,t17 support+ x 9 t position by a piece ( ?9 twig or /ick1 "o1 or "o & a half in* long2 if ! rais$ /one be n[ sm>tly /ruck ab\t ! c5tre1 ) ! little f+] side ( ! fi/1 ! /ick w give way1 & ! /one w be brok5 to pieces3 ! /ones mu/ be laid s z n to slip1 o!rwise ! exp]im5t w fail4 ,,mimic ,,fro/-,,"w4 ,fa/5 a sprig ( fre% rosem>y1 or any simil> %rub1 to ! inside ( a small b&box1 ne> ! top2 heat a ?ick tile1 & spr9kle x ) gum b5zoic1 & imm$iately place ! b&box ov] x1 :5 ! acid w be sublim$ by ! heat1 & w cond5se 9 a :ite vap\r ^u ! gre5 plant1 giv+ x ! appe>ance ( be+ cov]$ ) ho>fro/4 ,,to ,,melt ,,lead ,,9 ,a ,,piece ,,( ,,pap]4 ,wrap up a v smoo? ball ( lead 9 a piece ( pap]1 tak+ c>e t !re be no wr9kles 9 x1 & t x be ev]y:]e 9 contact ) ! ball2 if x be held 9 ?is /ate1 ov] ! flame ( a tap]1 ! lead w be melt$ )\t ! pap] be+ burnt4 ,! lead1 inde$1 :5 once fus$1 w n fail 9 a %ort "t to pi]ce ! pap]1 & run ?r\gh4 ,,hydro/atic ,,balance4 ,provide a pair ( scales1 9 "o ( :i* place a tumbl] fill$ ) wat]1 & poise x by plac+ weights 9 ! opposite scale2 !n hold 9 ! tumbl] a block ( wood1 or any sub/ance ne>ly ! size ( ! tumbl]1 b s t x %all n t\* ! sides or bottom2 :51 al?\gh ne>ly ! :ole ( ! wat] w h to run ov] ! sides1 & only a spoonful may rema91 ! scales w cont9ue balanc$2 & all ?is )\t reg>d to ! weight ( ! body y plunge into ! wat]1 tak+ c>e to hold x entirely cle> ( ! tumbl]1 s t x t\* x n[h]e2 = ! effect w be ! same if :at y plunge 9 be scoop$ holl[ & made wat]-tight4 ,a bladd] bl[n up1 ti$ fa/1 & held d[n 9 ! wat]1 s z to leave only a spoonful ( wat] surr\nd+ x1 w keep ! scales balanc$ j z well z a block ( lead ( ! same size4 ,,metallic ,,r$uction4 ,mix a little r$ lead ) "s p[d]$ *>coal1 & ) ! mixture fill ! b[l ( a tobacco-pipe2 set x ov] a common fire1 & 9 ab\t tw5ty m9utes ! lead w be f\nd r$uc$ to its metallic /ate4 ,,simple ,,electricity4 ,,electrical ,,attraction ,,& ,,repulsion4 ,rub a piece ( amb]1 a /ick ( r$ seal+-wax1 or a smoo? glass tube1 sm>tly ^u ! sleeve ( a coat1 or any o!r dry wooll5 sub/ance1 & x w attract to itself bits ( /raw1 pap]1 fragm5ts ( gold leaf1 or any small & light bodies4 ,! amb]1 wax1 or glass1 is !n said to be excit$1 & ! attractive p[] ?us develop$1 is call$ electrical attraction4 ,select a clean & dry d[ny fea!r1 & susp5d x f a beam by a long ?read ( :ite silk2 to be us$ 9 ! foll[+ exp]im5ts3 ,provide a glass tube1 ab\t ?ree feet long & ?ree qu>t]s ( an in* diamet]2 wipe x dry1 & rub x g5tly ) a w>m silk h&k]*ief2 !n apply ! tube to ! fea!r1 & x w attract x2 )draw ! tube g5tly1 apply x aga91 & ! fea!r w be repell$ = a "t1 b !n attract$1 & !n aga9 repell$4 ,9 ?is case1 ! fea!r hav+ receiv$ electricity f ! glass1 is repell$ by x2 = bodies simil>ly electrifi$ repel ea* o!r4 ,fold a silk h&k]*ief1 w>m x1 & ) x rub ! tube2 apply x to ! fea!r1 & x w fir/ attract & !n repel x2 :5 ! fea!r has j be5 repell$ by ! silk1 apply ! tube1 & ! fea!r w be attract$4 ,! h&k]*ief mu/ be fold$ s ?ickly z to keep ! h& z f> z possible f ! glass tube4 ,roll up flannel ?ickly1 rub x ) seal+-wax1 & ! roll w by turns attract & repel ! fea!r2 :5 ?us repell$1 apply ! excit$ wax1 & x w in/antly attract ! fea!r4 ,:5 ! atmosph]e is dry1 take 9 "o h& a rod ( glass & 9 ! o!r a /ick ( seal+-wax1 & rub !m aga9/ silk or wor/$2 ) "o ( !m approa* a bit ( gold-leaf1 float+ 9 ! air1 x w fir/ attract & !n repel x4 ,:5 ! gold has j be5 repell$1 approa* x ) ! o!r rod1 & x w be imm$iately attract$2 & ?is alt]nate attraction & repulsion may be /rik+ly display$ by plac+ ! two excit$ rods at a small di/ance asund]1 ) ! gold leaf betwe5 !m4 ,,al*emical ,,electricity4 ,ne>ly fill a w9e-glass ) a weak solution ( blue vitriol 9 wat]1 & place 9 x ! blade ( a knife & a small silv] spoon2 ! knife w soon acquire a copp] coat+1 b ! spoon w rema9 bright until x is t\*$ ) ! blade ( ! knife1 :5 x w also become plat$ ) copp]4 ,,! ,,electric ,,balls4 ,provide two small balls ( equal size2 bo? made ( gum-lac1 & cov] "o ) gold leaf4 ,susp5d ^! balls f a beam by f9e :ite silk ?reads1 at a little di/ance f ea* o!r1 s z to all[ a comp>ison ( _! motions4 ,!n rub a /ick ( r$ seal+-wax ^u any wooll5 sub/ance1 or w>m x at ! fire1 & pres5t x to ! balls2 :5 x w be at once se5 t ! gilt ball1 :i* readily admits ( ! transf] ( electricity f "o side to ! o!r1 w be soon] & m p[]fully attract$ ?an ! o!r ball1 :i* all[s ( no motion 9 its electricity4 ,! latt] ball w1 h[ev]1 by sl[ degrees be feebly attract$1 & may1 at l5g?1 be made to adh]e = a consid]able "t to ! seal+-wax4 ,,! ,,electric ,,dance4 ,lay on a table small pieces ( pap] or cotton1 fea!rs1 or gold-leaf2 !n rub ) a silk h&k]*ief a glass tube1 hold x p>allel to ! table1 & ! sev]al pieces w be alt]nately attract$ & repell$1 & a k9d ( electrical dance w be kept up4 ,if to ! fur!r end ( ! tube y hang a brass ball1 by a ?read ( l951 hemp1 or metallic wire1 ! ball w p>ticipate 9 ! magic p[] ( ! rubb$ tube2 b if ! ball be susp5d$ by a cord ( silk1 wor/$1 or hair1 or be atta*$ by wax or pit*1 ! attractive & repulsive prop]ties ( ! rod w n pass into ! ball4 ,,electric ,,light4 ,%ake a b>omet] 9 a d>k room1 & light w be produc$ 9 ! empty "p ( x by ! friction ( ! quicksilv] electrify+ ! glass tube4 ,ev5 ! friction ( air ^u glass is att5d$ by electricity1 z has be5 f\nd by bl[+ ^u a dry plate ( glass ) a pair ( bell[s4 ,,electric ,,light ,,f ,,br[n ,,pap]4 ,provide a piece ( ?ick br[n pap]1 ?or\ghly dry & w>m2 rub ! pap] briskly 9 a d>k room1 & !re w d>t =? fla%es ( electric light to ! f+]s1 to a key1 or to any o!r conductor t may be pres5t$ to x4 ,heat a small portion ( sulphate ( qu99e 9 a spoon ov] ! flame ( a lamp1 & x w become lum9\s & highly electrical4 ,,sudd5 ,,production ,,( ,,light4 ,take a piece ( dry & w>m wood into a d>k room1 sudd5ly r5d x asund]1 & a fla% ( light w be p]ceiv$4 ,! same effect may likewise be produc$ by sudd5ly snapp+ asund] a /ick ( seal+-wax 9 ! d>k4 ,or1 break a ,pr9ce ,rup]t's drop1 & electrical light w p]vade ! :ole1 s t its =m w be di/9ctly visible 9 ! d>k4 ,! light w appe>1 ev5 if ! exp]im5t be made "u wat]4 ,,electricity ,,( ,,! ,,cat4 ,place y\r left h& ^u ! ?roat ( ! cat1 &1 ) ! middle f+] & ! ?umb1 press slightly ! bones ( ! animal's %\ld]s2 !n1 if ! "r h& be g5tly pass$ along ! back1 p]ceptible %ocks ( electricity w be felt 9 ! left h&4 ,%ocks may also be obta9$ by t\*+ ! tips ( ! e>s aft] rubb+ ! back4 ,if ! col\r ( ! cat be black1 & ! exp]im5t be made 9 a d>k room1 ! electric sp>ks may be v pla9ly se54 ,v di/9ct dis*>ges ( electricity may also be obta9$ by t\*+ ! tips ( ! e>s1 aft] apply+ friction to ! back2 & ! same may be obta9$ f ! foot4 ,plac+ ! cat on y\r knees1 apply y\r "r h& to ! back2 ! left =e paw re/+ on ! palm ( y\r left h&1 apply ! ?umb to ! upp] side ( ! paw1 s z to ext5d ! claws1 &1 by ?is means1 br+ y\r =e-f+] into contact ) "o ( ! bones ( ! leg1 :]e x jo9s ! paw2 :51 f ! knob or end ( ?is bone1 ! f+] slightly press+ on x1 y may feel di/9ctly successive %ocks1 simil> to ^? obta9$ f ! e>s4 ,x is1 p]haps1 unnecess>y to add1 t1 9 ord] to ?is exp]im5t be+ conv5i5tly p]=m$1 ! exp]im5t] mu/ be on good t]ms ) ! cat4 ,illu/ration 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,obvi\s punctuation errors repair$4 ,v>i$ hyph5ation 0 reta9$4 ,page x1 8,ph5aki/icope0 *ang$ to 8,ph5aki/iscope0 & 8,/oboscope0 *ang$ to 8,/roboscope0 7,! ,ph5aki/iscope or ,/roboscope7 ,?is same *ange 0 also made on page #cd 9 all-capitals 7,,! ,,ph5aki/iscope1 ,,or ,,/roboscope7 ,page xii1 8#aaj0 *ang$ to 8#aab0 = ! entry ( 8,! ,my/]i\s ,circles0 to mat* location 9 text4 ,page #c1 8loose0 *ang$ to 8lose0 7x w lose all7 ,page #dd1 ! orig9al in/ructions = tun+ a guit>1 read 7l an inv]t$ 7 ,z ?is w\ld j be a 8v0 & w\ld n be l a saddle1 ! in/ruction 0 *ang$ to 7l an inv]t$ v1 7 ,page #ed1 8v]s0 *ang$ to 8v]s0 7r$1 & vice v]s7 ,page #fj1 8wid[s0 *ang$ to 8w9d[s0 7glasses 9 druggi/s' w9d[s7 ,page #hb1 ^w 8a0 remov$ f text4 ,orig9al read 7small a piece ( lead7 ,page #hb1 8cut0 *ang$ to 8out0 7?r[+ out lum9\s7 ,page #hc1 ^w 8be0 remov$ f text4 ,orig9al read 7antimony w be become7 ,page #hc1 8,du*0 *ang$ to 8,dut*0 7copp]1 or 8,dut* metal107 ,page #ih1 8,,frame0 *ang$ to 8,,flame0 7,,combu/ion ,,)\t ,,flame7 ,page #ajj1 8fell0 *ang$ to 8feel0 7w feel w>m?7 ,page #ajj1 8fully0 *ang$ to 8full0 7cup ne>ly full ( wat]7 ,page #aaa1 ^w 8a0 add$ to text 7j> ) a bladd]7 ,page #aaa1 8amadon0 *ang$ to 8amad\0 7a scrap ( amad\7 ,page #aac1 8h0 *ang$ to 8has0 7tube passes has7 ,page #aad1 8smells0 *ang$ to 8swells0 7! moi/ure swells !7 ,page #aad1 8increase0 *ang$ to 8increases0 7?reads1 & increases7 ,page #aaf1 8z s0 *ang$ to 8s z0 7s z to resemble7 ,page #abg1 8bef[0 *ang$ to 8bel[0 7bel[ ! r+7 ,page #acb1 8pale0 *ang$ to 8pail0 7pail ( wat] on7 ,page #acf1 8hank]*ief0 *ang$ to 8h&k]*ief0 7mid/ ( ! h&k]*ief7 ,page #aef1 8skait]0 *ang$ to 8skat]0 7z a skat] does7