,illu/ration3 ,sweet ,peas & ,butt]flies ,! 8,,look ,,ab\t ,,y0 ,nature ,/udy ,books ,,by ,,?omas ,w4 ,,ho>e ,,tea*] ,,( ,,nature ,,/udy to ! ,falkirk ,s*ool ,bo>d & ,/irl+%ire ,c\nty ,c\ncil ,,book ,,iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,publi%]'s ,logo ,,london3 ,t4 ,c4 ,e4 ,c4 ,,jack1 ,ltd4 #ce ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,e4,c4 ,,& ,,ed9burgh ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,by ,,?omas ,,nelson ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 ,,preface4 ,?is little book %\ld be us$ z a simple guide to ! practical /udy ( ,nature r ?an z a m]e read]4 ,e lesson h]e9 set d[n has1 dur+ ! au?or's _m ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 tea*+ ,nature ,/udy1 be5 taught by obs]vation & practice aga9 & aga92 & ea* "t ) satisfactory result4 ,! mat]ials requir$ = mo/ ( ! lessons--:e!r !y be obta9$ f ! naturali/-deal] or f ! ne>e/ h$ge1 dit*1 or pond--are )9 ev]ybody's rea*4 ,!re is no?+ t appeals to ! he>t ( ! ord9>y *ild l liv+ ?+s1 be !y animal or vegetable1 & !re is no bran* ( education at ! pres5t day t be>s1 9 ! "y m9d1 su* excell5t fruit z ! /udy ( ! simple1 liv+ ?+s ar\nd u4 ,y\r *ild is no?+ if n curi\s4 ,he wants to und]/& ev]y?+ t lives & moves & has its be+ 9 8 bright little _w4 ,nature ,/udy involves s _m +5i\s little d$uctions1 t ! reason+ p[]s are almo/ con/antly employ$1 & intellig5ce gr[s proportionately4 ,! *ild's p[]s ( obs]vation are /imulat$1 & 8 memory is cultivat$ 9 ! way mo/ pleas+ to 8 inquir+ nature4 ,by dissect+ se$s1 bulbs1 buds1 & fl[]s1 8 h& is tra9$1 & me?ods exp$iti\s & exact are inculcat$4 ,by draw+ 8 specim5s1 no matt] h[ r\ghly or rapidly1 8 eye is tra9$ m ?or\ghly ?an any am\nt ( en=c$ copy+ ( /iff1 un9t]e/+ models ( prisms1 cones1 etc41 ev] c\ld tra9 x4 ,! love ( fl[]s & animals is "o ( ! mo/ comm5dable traits 9 ! disposition ( ! wond]+ *ild1 & ought to be enc\rag$ above all o!rs4 ,x is ! au?or's fonde/ & mo/ sangu9e hope t ! work+ out ( ! ex]cises1 ( :i* ?is booklet is ma9ly compos$1 may prove mu* m ( a joy ?an a task1 & t ! practical k ga9$ !reby may tempt 8 little read]s to /udy fur!r ! great book ( ,nature1 ^: broad pages are ev] op5 to u1 & ^: sil5t answ]s to our manifold que/ions are nev] v difficult to read4 ,t4 ,w4 ,h4 ,,cont5ts ,,lesson ,,page ,i4 ,/ructure ( ,/ems #g ,,ii4 ,bulbs & ,corms #ab ,,iii4 ,:at ,goes on ,inside a ,plant #ag ,,iv4 ,sn[drop1 ,crocus1 & ,tulip #bc ,v4 ,vegetable ,f+]s #bi ,,vi4 ,! ,great ,wat] ,beetle #ce ,,vii4 ,daisies #dj ,,viii4 ,*aff9* & ,song-,?ru% #df ,,ix4 ,plants t ,arm ,!mselves #eb ,x4 ,! ,horse ,pond ,aga9 #eh ,,xi4 ,wasps #fc ,,xii4 ,d&elions #fi ,,xiii4 ,! ,life ( a ,tr\t #ge ,,xiv4 ,silkworms #ha ,app5dix #hh 8,,look ,,ab\t ,,y40 ,,book ,,iv4 ,i4--,,/ructure ,,( ,,/ems4 8,we are go+ to h a peep into ! inside ( ^! twigs10 said ,uncle ,george1 z he laid "s will[ & horse-*e/nut twigs on ! table4 8,fir/10 he said1 8let u exam9e ! outside ( !m40 ,he h&$ a small will[ bran* to ,tom & a horse-*e/nut bran* to ,frank4 8,n[1 ,frank1 tell me all y see40 8,i see ! r+s ( sc>s :i* m>k ea* ye>'s gr[?10 said ,frank4 8,?is ye>'s gr[? is at ! top1 above ! fir/ r+ ( sc>s4 ,bel[ ?is is la/ ye>'s gr[?4 ,!n comes ano!r r+ ( m>ks1 & bel[ ?is aga9 is ! gr[? ( two ye>s ago40#a 8,t is to say10 said 8 uncle1 8! upp] "p ( y\r twig is ab\t "o ye> old1 ! middle "p is two ye>s old1 & ! l[] "p is ?ree ye>s old4 ,g on1 ,frank40 8,! upp] "p is light br[n1 :ile ! middle & l[] p>ts are d>k br[n40 8,take y\r l5s1 ,frank1 & look at t br[n cov]+ c>efully40 8,oh1 x is /udd$ all ov] ) little oval m>ks l pits10 said ,frank4 8,n[1 :at ab\t ! buds80 8,! buds10 said ,frank1 putt+ d[n 8 l5s1 8are 9 pairs2 & ! /em is swoll5 :]e ea* pair ( buds comes (f40 8,v good10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,t is exactly :at ,i want$ y to notice4 ,! swoll5 p>ts ( a /em are call$ its nodes4 ,9 e /em1 buds & leaves occur at ! nodes4 ,nodes are v well se5 9 grass & corn /ems40 8,!n at ! top ( ! twig !re is a v l>ge bud & a pair ( small buds1 "o on ea* side ( x10 said ,frank4 8,y h describ$ x v well10 said 8 uncle4 8,n[1 ,tom1 :at ab\t ! will[ twig80 8,i see "s v t9y m>ks on x10 said ,tom4 8,!re are no r+s m>k+ ! ye>'s gr[?2 & ! buds are n arrang$ 9 pairs40 ,illu/ration3 ,horse-,*e/nut ,twig1 %[+ ,?ree ,ye>s' ,gr[?4 8,t is q "r1 ,tom4 ,will[ gr[s v quickly4 ,y\r twig is all "o season's gr[?4 ,x is smoo? & gre5--n br[n l ! horse-*e/nut twig4 ,! buds are arrang$ alt]nately4 ,t is to say1 !re is only "o bud at ea* node40 8,n[1 let u see :at ! horse-*e/nut twig is made (40 ,uncle ,george next cut two pieces (f ! top "p ( ! horse-*e/nut twig & h&$ "o to ea* ( ! boys4 8,n[1 take y\r knives10 he said1 8& c>efully peel (f a v small piece ( ! br[n cov]+4 ,y w h to be v c>eful1 z x is v ?9 & r difficult to remove4 ,ah1 ,frank1 y h done t v nicely4 ,n[1 hold x up to ! light & tell u :at y ?9k x is =40 8,x is ! sk9 or cov]+ ( ! twig10 said ,frank4 8,x is2 & if y look ) y\r l5s y w see t ! t9y m>k+s on x are holes4 ,x is really a ?9 lay] ( b>k or cork4 ,p]haps y c tell me :y ! twig is cov]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( cork80 8,to keep wat] f gett+ 910 said ,frank4 8,r to keep wat] f gett+ out10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,y mu/ rememb] t wat] is cont9ually pass+ up /ems f ! roots4 ,wat] _c pass ?r\gh cork4 ,if we 7 to remove ! cork lay] f ! outside ( a gr[+ twig1 t twig w\ld %rivel up & die4 ,!re is also a lay] ( cork protect+ ! will[ twig1 b x is s v ?9 t we c see ?r\gh x4 ,remove z mu* ( ! cork lay] z y c1 & tell me :at is und]nea?40 8,!re is a lay] ( gre5 /uff b5ea?10 said ,frank4 8,j s10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,n[1 if y rememb]1 ,i once told y t plants took mo/ ( _! food f ! air by means ( ! gre5 /uff 9 _! leaves4 ,?is gre5 lay] 9 ! twig does ! same ?+2 b h[ c ! air get 9 if x is cov]$ up by a lay] ( cork80 8,oh1 ,i see n[10 said ,tom1 8:at ! t9y holes or pits are =--to let air 9 to ! gre5 lay] und]nea?40 ,illu/ration3 ,diagram ,sections ( 7,a & ,b7 a ,"o-,ye> ,old & 7,c & ,d7 ,two-,ye> ,old ,/em4 #a4 ,b>k4 #b4 ,gre5 ,lay]4 #c4 ,ba/4 #d4 ,slipp]y ,lay]4 #e4 ,wood4 #f4 ,pi?4 8,t is :at !y are =1 ,tom10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,scrape away ?is gre5 lay]4 ,x is gre5e/ on ! outside & is r ?ick4 ,!re are really two or ?ree lay]s !re1 b !y _c be sep>at$ ) a p5-knife4 ,:at d y come to next80 8,a :ite1 woody lay] ) a v slipp]y surface10 said ,frank4 8,t slipp]y surface is itself a lay]1 & a v important "o10 said 8 uncle4 8,! wood1 y c see1 is a v ?ick lay]4 ,9 ! c5tre y h a mass ( dry1 spongy /uff4 ,?is is call$ ! pi?40 ,uncle ,george !n cut ! twig /raight across1 & ! boys saw t ea* lay] =m$ a r+4 ,9 ! middle !re 0 a r\nd mass ( pi?4 ,ar\nd ?is 0 a ?ick r+ ( wood ) ! ?9 slipp]y lay] outside4 ,outside ?is 0 a fairly ?ick r+1 ! out] half ( :i* 0 gre5 9 col\r4 ,& outside ! :ole lot 0 ! r+ ( ! ?9 b>k or cork :i* ! boys _h fir/ exam9$4 8,we h se510 said ,uncle ,george1 8h[ a "o-ye>-old /em is built4 ,let u n[ make a clean cut ?r\gh ! two-ye>-old "p ( ! twig1 & ano!r ?r\gh ! ?ree-ye>-old "p4 8,y see !re are two r+s ( wood 9 ! two-ye>-old "p & ?ree r+s ( wood 9 ! ?ree-ye>-old "p4 ,:at does ?is %[ u80 8,t a r+ ( wood is add$ e ye>10 said ,frank4 8,& s1 ?ree ye>s ago1 ?is ?ick bran* 0 a t9y bud10 said ,uncle ,george1 po9t+ to ! l[] "p ( ! twig4 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,i4 #a4 ,an apple w keep s\nd = mon?s if ! sk9 is unbrok54 ,if we remove a small piece ( ! sk91 ! apple soon %rivels up4 ,h[ is ?is8 #b4 ,c y expla9 :y we ought n to eat ! out] sk9s ( ! plum1 grape1 tomato1 pe>1 etc48 #c4 ,cut a /\t twig ( any tree /raight ?r\gh4 ,make a r\gh sket* %[+ ! diff]5t lay]s1 & tell h[ old ! twig is4 #d4 ,get /\t twigs ( diff]5t trees1 su* z a%1 elm1 holly1 sycamore4 ,take ab\t an in* l5g? ( ea*4 ,split ^! d[n ! c5tre1 & see if y c make out ! diff]5t lay]s on ea* side ( ! pi?4 ,make an enl>g$ draw+ ( "o ( ^!4 ,,ii4--,,bulbs ,,& ,,corms4 8,^!10 said ,uncle ,george1 8are :at we gr[ our sn[drops & crocuses f40 ,z he spoke he h&$ ea* ( ! boys a few h>d1 r\nd objects4 ,"s ( ^! 7 small1 :ite1 & almo/ pe>-%ap$4 ,! o!rs 7 l>g]1 r\nd]1 & br[n 9 col\r4 8,! small :ite ones are sn[drop bulbs10 he cont9u$4 8,! o!rs are crocus corms4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 a bulb & a corm1 z we %all see :5 we exam9e & comp>e !m40 8,! corm is cov]$ ) br[n1 pap]y sk9s1 & has :ite buds on ! top ( x10 said ,frank4 8,^! br[n sk9s are leaves10 rem>k$ ,uncle ,george4 8,leaves80 said ,tom4 8,i ?\ght all leaves 7 gre540 8,oh no1 ,tom1 !re are o!r leaves besides gre5 leaves1 call$ scale-leaves4 ,gre5 leaves1 z y "k1 give (f ! moi/ure :i* ! roots take up f ! soil4 ,!y also take 9 plant-food f ! air4 ,scale-leaves protect buds1 fl[]s1 & t5d] /ems f cold & f insects4 ,^! ?9 br[n leaves ( ! crocus corm are scale-leaves =m$ und]gr\nd4 ,please remove ! br[n scale-leaves f "o ( ! corms1 ,frank40 ,illu/ration #a4 ,sn[drop4 #b4 ,tulip4 #c4 ,n>cissus4 #d4 ,crocus4 ,:5 ,frank _h done s1 x 0 se5 t ^! leaves 7 atta*$ 9 lay]s all r\nd ! corm4 ,! corm 0 n[ a :ite1 r\nd$ lump4 ,! removal ( ! scale-leaves _h left ?9 r+s ( leaf-m>ks2 & on ^! leaf-m>ks1 "h & !re a t9y bud 0 se54 8,n[10 said ,uncle ,george1 8we c see t a corm is a /\t1 swoll51 und]gr\nd /em4 ,if y c\ld imag9e a horse-*e/nut /em to be squeez$ up into a lump1 y w\ld h some?+ l a corm4 ,^! r+s ( leaf-m>ks are ! nodes1 :]e leaves & buds are f\nd on all /ems4 ,! l>ge buds on ! top ( ! corm correspond to ! l>ge buds at ! end ( y\r horse-*e/nut /em4 ,n[1 let u take (f "o ( ^! l>ge top buds4 ,notice t x is cov]$ ) _m t\gh1 protective scale-leaves40 ,illu/ration3 ,crocus ,bud ,dissect$4 #a4 ,scales4 #b1 #c1 #d4 ,p>ts ( ,fl[]4 #e4 ,leaves4 #f4 ,spa!4 #g4 ,ov>y4 #h4 ,"y ,corm4 ,a4 ,old ,corm4 ,remov+ ^! scales1 ,uncle ,george came to a r\nd object 9 ! c5tre4 8,?is10 he said1 8is a long sack or bag4 ,x conta9s ! fl[] ( ! crocus40 ,tak+ a ne$le1 he c>efully op5$ ?is up4 8,n[1 boys10 he said1 8take y\r magnifi]s & look c>efully40 ,frank & ,tom look$1 & saw a curi\s little fl[]1 surr\nd$ by f\r or five yell[ ne$le-%ap$ ?+s :i*1 _! uncle told !m1 7 ! "y gre5 leaves ( ! crocus4 8,let u n[10 he said1 8exam9e ! sn[drop bulb4 8,"h we h ?ick1 fle%y scale-leaves4 ,if we remove !m "o by "o1 we f9d t !y are all atta*$ to a flat1 button-%ap$ /em4 ,betwe5 ! ?ick scale-leaves we see1 "h & !re1 a small side bud1 & on ! top ! baby sn[drop fl[] snugly wrapp$ up 9 _! sack4 ,?is protective sack is call$ a spa!40 ,uncle ,george !n took f 8 pocket a v l>ge bulb4 8,?is10 he said1 8is ! bulb ( ! n>cissus or #8:ite lily4' ,x is almo/ exactly l ! sn[drop bulb1 b x is l>g]1 s t we c see ?+s mu* m di/9ctly40 ,he !n split ! l>ge bulb d[n ! c5tre ) 8 knife4 ,) a p9 he po9t$ out ! baby fl[] wrapp$ up 9 its spa!4 ,all ! p>ts ( ! fl[] 7 se51 ev5 ! little se$-vessel conta9+ ! t9y eggs1 :i* become se$s aft] ! fl[] has gr[n up4 8,if y rememb]10 said ,uncle ,george1 89 our lesson on se$s we le>n$ t a se$ conta9$ a baby plant & a l>ge supply ( plant-food4 ,i am n[ go+ to %[ y t bo? ! corm & ! bulb conta9 a l>ge food supply4 ,we h se5 t ! protective bud-scales 9 ! corm are t\gh & ?91 :ile ! /em is swoll5 & h>d4 ,9 ! bulb1 on ! o!r h&1 ! bud-scales are ?ick & fle%y1 :ile ! /em is flat & v small4 ,if we place "s ( our crocus corms or sn[drop bulbs 9 pure wat]1 !y w gr[ & fl[] j z well z if we _h plant$ !m 9 ! g>d54 ,:at does ?is %[ u80 8,t1 l ! se$s :i* we grew 9 wat]1 bulbs & corms conta9 a /ore ( food10 said ,frank4 ,illu/ration ,a4 ,n>cissus ,bulb split op54 s41 /em2 b41 side buds2 s4l41 scale-leaves2 f4l41 leaves4 ,b4 ,sn[drop ,bulb4 ,c4 ,fl[] ( same ,dissect$ out4 8,t is correct1 ,frank4 ,let u put a corm & a bulb 9 wat]4 ,let u also plant "o ( ea* 9 a pot ( soil4 ,we w wat* !m gr[+ & comp>e !m f week to week4 8,n[ ,i am go+ to %[ y a simple exp]im5t4 ,y "k t ! food we eat is drawn l>gely f plants4 ,?is food :i* we take f ! plant _w is *iefly :at ! *emi/ calls />*4 ,we h x 9 bread1 potatoes1 rice1 cornfl\r1 & 9 ne>ly all ! vegetables we eat4 8,i h "h 9 ?is bottle a sub/ance1 call$ iod9e1 dissolv$ 9 wat]4 ,any?+ conta9+ />* turns blue :5 t\*$ ) iod9e4 ,n[ obs]ve :at happ5s "h40 ,uncle ,george p\r$ "s ( ! iod9e into a sauc]4 ,he !n dipp$ into ! iod9e a piece ( crocus corm1 a ?ick scale ( ! sn[drop bulb1 soak$ se$s ( maize & :eat1 a slice ( raw potato1 & a piece ( bread4 ,ea* at once turn$ d>k blue on be+ dipp$ into ! liquid4 8,n[1 boys10 he said1 8:at d y le>n f ?is80 8,! food /ore 9 bulbs & corms is ! same z t 9 se$s10 said ,tom4 8,! food supply ( ! bulb is conta9$ 9 ! ?ick1 fle%y scale-leaves1 :ile 9 ! corm x is 9 ! /em10 said ,frank4 8,v good10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,x also %[s u1 ,i ?9k1 t we ourselves owe a great deal to ! plant _w40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,ii4 #a4 ,split an onion 7or tulip bulb7 d[n ! c5tre1 & comp>e x ) ! sn[drop bulb4 ,draw x1 giv+ special att5tion to ! middle "p4 #b4 ,take a potato & a crocus corm4 ,obs]ve !m bo? c>efully1 & f9d out 7#a7 h[ !y resemble ea* o!r1 & 7#b7 h[ !y diff]4 #c4 ,expla9 h[ x is t a hyac9? gr[s s well 9 wat]4 #d4 ,take any und]gr\nd /em 7e4g41 iris or ,solomon's seal7 & comp>e x ) a crocus corm4 ,notice ! m>ks ( und]gr\nd scale-leaves on ! =m]4 ,,iii4--,,:at ,,goes ,,on ,,inside ,a ,,plant4 8,we h se5 h[ an ord9>y twig is built up10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,let u n[ try to f9d out :at goes on inside ! twig2 & 9 ord] to d ?is we %all h to p]=m "o or two simple exp]im5ts40 ,uncle ,george took two wide-m\!d glass j>s4 ,!y 7 bo? p]fectly dry1 & ea* c\ld be clos$ ) a l>ge1 tight-fitt+ cork4 ,he plac$ "s fre% gre5 leaves inside "o ( ! j>s4 ,! o!r rema9$ empty4 ,!n bo? j>s 7 tightly cork$ up1 & bo? corks cov]$ outside ) wax4 ,illu/ration3 ,fir/ ,exp]im5t4 8,t is exp]im5t numb] "o10 he said1 z he plac$ bo? j>s 9 ! w9d[4 ,he next took a small plant :i* 0 gr[+ 9 a pot4 ,he wrapp$ ! pot up 9 ?ick1 dry pap]1 s t ! pap] cov]$ up ev]y?+ b ! plant4 ,! edges ( ! pap] 7 ti$ tightly r\nd ! l[] "p ( ! /em ( ! plant ) a /r+4 ,! plant 0 put 9 ! w9d[1 & ov] x ,uncle ,george plac$ a glass bell-j>4 ,illu/ration3 ,second ,exp]im5t4 8,! ?ird exp]im5t is mu* simpl]10 he said4 8,y see ,i j put "o ( ! will[ twigs into a glass half fill$ ) wat]1 & into ! wat] ,i p\r "s r$ ink4 ,frank1 place a :ite pansy 9 ! col\r$ wat] beside ! will[ twig40 ,uncle ,george's f\r? exp]im5t 0 z foll[s3-- ,he plac$ f\r will[ twigs 9 a glass ( wat]4 ,b f two ( ^! twigs he fir/ remov$ a broad r+ ( ! b>k & out] lay]s1 leav+ ab\t an in* ( ! wood b>e ne> ! l[] end ( ! twig4 8,n[10 said he1 8we w come back 9 ab\t an h\r1 & ,i ?9k we %all f9d t "s *ange has tak5 place 9 ea* ( our fir/ ?ree j>s4 8,! f\r? glass "o w h to be left = sev]al weeks2 & we mu/ take c>e to keep wat] always 9 ! glass conta9+ ^! f\r twigs40 ,ab\t an h\r aft]w>ds1 ,uncle ,george & ! boys came to look at ! exp]im5ts4 8,let u exam9e exp]im5t "o fir/10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,! empty j> is j ! same z :5 we put x !re10 said ,tom4 8,! j> conta9+ ! leaves is all dimm$1 & !re are t9y drops ( wat] on ! inside ( x40 8,:]e did t wat] come f1 ,tom80 8,x mu/ h come out ( ! leaves40 8,exactly s6 ,n[ look at ! second exp]im5t1 & y w see t ! bell-j> :i* cov]$ bo? plant & pot is also dimm$ ) moi/ure4 ,pot & soil 7 securely cov]$ up1 s t ?is moi/ure on ! glass mu/ h come f ! leaves ( ! plant4 ,:]e d y ?9k ?is wat] really comes f80 8,f ! soil 9 ! pot10 said ,frank4 8,if we did n wat] ^? plants :i* we keep 9 pots1 !y w\ld die40 8,!n we h le>nt t wat] travels up ! /ems ( plants10 said ,uncle ,george1 8also t x is drawn f ! soil & is giv5 (f by ! leaves4 ,! ?ird exp]im5t1 :]e we plac$ a twig 9 col\r$ wat]1 w1 ,i ?9k1 %[ u :i* "p ( ! /em ! wat] travels up40 ,uncle ,george peel$ ! b>k (f ! l[] end ( ! will[ twig :i* 0 plac$ 9 ! mixture ( r$ ink & wat]4 ,he remov$ all ! lay]s until he came to ! wood4 ,! wood 0 /a9$ r$4 ,he cut slice aft] slice (f ! twig1 & x 0 f\nd t ! col\r$ wat] _h gone q an in* up ?r\gh ! wood4 ,none ( ! o!r lay]s ( ! twig 7 /a9$ r$4 8,x travels up ?r\gh ! wood-lay]10 said ,frank4 8,& look at ! pansy fl[]4 ,x 0 :ite :5 we put x into ! glass1 n[ x is all /reak$ ) r$40 8,! fl[] itself10 said ,uncle ,george1 8is n ne> ! col\r$ wat]40 8,! wat] mu/ h travell$ up ! long /alk to ! fl[]10 said ,frank4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,f\r? ,exp]im5t4 ,! f\r? exp]im5t 0 left 9 ! w9d[1 & two or ?ree weeks pass$ be=e any *ange 0 notic$ 9 any ( ! f\r twigs :i* _h be5 plac$ 9 ! wat]4 ,!n roots began to gr[4 ,9 ! two :ole twigs ^! roots grew out at ! bottom end4 ,b 9 ^? twigs f :i* ! belt ( out] lay]s _h be5 remov$1 x 0 q diff]5t4 ,"h ! roots grew out--n at ! bottom1 b j :]e ! r+ ( b>e wood began & at ! top ( x4 ,frank & ,tom 7 q puzzl$4 ,!y c\ld n und]/& :y ! roots %\ld come at ! bottom 9 two ( ! twigs & n 9 ! o!r two4 8,fir/ ( all1 !n10 said ,uncle ,george1 8^! new roots 7 made f mat]ials :i* came f inside ! plant4 ,^! build+ mat]ials are c>ri$ ?r\gh ! plant dissolv$ 9 wat]--j z y dissolve sug> 9 y\r tea4 ,wat] conta9+ ^! dissolv$ /uffs 9 a plant is call$ sap4 8,we h se51 by our fir/ ?ree exp]im5ts1 t wat] travels up ! wood "p ( ! /em4 ,?is exp]im5t %[s u t sap travels d[n ! /em 9 ! lay]s outside ! wood4 ,=1 :5 ,i remov$ ! out] lay]s & left a b>e r+ ( wood1 ! fl[ ( ! sap 0 /opp$ & ! new roots =m$ !re40 8,& :]e does ?is sap come f fir/ ( all80 ,tom ask$4 8,x is really =m$ 9 ! leaf fir/ ( all4 ,i ?9k ,i told y t plants take mo/ ( _! food f ! air by means ( _! gre5 leaves4 ,9 ! great quantities ( wat] :i* pass up ! wood & into ! air f ! leaves !re is always a v little m9]al matt] dissolv$4 ,?is small quantity ( m9]al matt] comes f ! soil4 ,?is1 along ) wat] & ! l>ge quantity ( matt] tak5 f ! air1 are *ang$1 inside ! leaf1 into a fluid :i* we call sap4 8,our f\r exp]im5ts %[ u t wat] travels up ?r\gh ! wood-lay] f soil to leaf2 & also t sap travels d[n ?r\gh "o ( ! outside lay]s ( ! /em40 ,que/ions on ,lesson ,,iii4 #a4 ,h[ does wat] travel 9 a plant8 ,h[ c y prove ?is8 #b4 ,if we enclose a leafy plant 9 a glass vessel1 we see t wat] is giv5 (f by ! leaves4 ,h[ is x t we d n see ?is wat] :5 ! plant is gr[n 9 ! op5 air8 #c4 ,:at is 8sap08 ,:]e is x fir/ =m$8 ,h[ does x travel 9 ! twig or /em8 #d4 ,if we keep f]ns gr[+ "u a glass bell--or 9 a glass case--we nev] h to wat] !m4 ,c y expla9 ?is8 ,,iv4--,,sn[drop1 ,,crocus1 ,,& ,,tulip4 ,! boys wat*$ ! gr[? ( ! crocuses 9 wat] & 9 soil f day to day1 & made sket*es ( !m once a week4 ,f$ by ! food conta9$ 9 ! corm1 ! top buds ( ! crocus grew long]4 ,!n ! scales mov$ ap>t & ! yell[ fl[] 0 se54 ,r\nd ab\t x 7 f\r or five n>r[ gre5 leaves1 ea* hav+ a pretty :ite /ripe d[n ! middle4 ,bo? leaves & fl[] 7 encircl$ at ! base by long :ite %ea?s4 ,! crocus gr[n 9 ! pot did n seem to ?rive mu* bett] ?an ! "o 9 ! wat]4 ,bo? fl[]s rema9$ clos$ = a long "t aft] !y 7 full gr[n4 ,at la/1 on "o f9e sunny day1 !y op5$ out wide at ! top1 & ! boys c\ld see "r d[n into !m4 ,9 ! ev5+ !y clos$ up aga94 ,next day 0 a dull day1 & ! crocus fl[]s rema9$ clos$4 ,! sn[drops 7 also wat*$ & sket*$4 ,_! gr[? 0 some:at diff]5t4 ,f ! c5tre ( ! little bulb two gre5 leaves fir/ appe>$4 ,^! leaves 7 mu* broad] & ?ick] ?an ^? ( ! crocus4 ,f betwe5 ^! leaves a little :ite1 flat object grew up4 ,?is ! boys at once recognis$ z ! spa! or bag conta9+ ! fl[]4 ,!n m gre5 leaves came up4 ,! fl[]-/alk grew long]4 ,! spa! split op51 & ! fl[]-bud appe>$4 ,?is bud grew until x became a beautiful :ite bell hang+ d[nw>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,crocus ,fl[]s4 ,9 a l>ge pot ,uncle ,george _h plant$ a few tulip bulbs4 ,!y 7 n completely cov]$ ) soil1 s t _! gr[? c\ld be wat*$4 ,_! gr[? 0 simil> to t ( ! sn[drop4 ,! leaves came fir/4 ,!y 7 roll$ firmly r\nd ea* o!r4 ,z ea* l>ge1 broad1 gre5 leaf unroll$1 ano!r roll$-up leaf 0 se5 "u x4 ,^! leaves 7 roll$ r\nd a ?ick /alk1 to :i* !y 7 atta*$4 ,:5 ! la/ leaf unroll$1 a s+le fl[] 0 se5 at ! top ( ! /alk4 ,?is fl[] rema9$ clos$ up l ! crocus4 ,:5 at l5g?1 h[ev]1 ! w>m sun %one 9 ! w9d[1 ! tulip fl[]s op5$ out v wide inde$2 9 fact1 !y became almo/ sauc]-%ap$4 ,!n ,uncle ,george dug ! sn[drop & crocus out ( _! pots4 ,he wa%$ ! roots & ask$ ! boys to comp>e !m ) ^? gr[n 9 wat]4 8,! plants gr[n 9 soil seem /rong] 9 fl[] & leaves10 said ,frank4 8,b ! greate/ diff]5ce is 9 ! corm & bulb40 8,t is "r1 ,frank10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,look at ! crocus corms4 ,!y h bo? %runk a great deal1 because !y h be5 us$ up to =m :at has gr[n out ( !m4 ,b ! "o gr[n 9 soil has =m$ a new corm1 :i* w produce new fl[]s next ye>4 ,?is new corm has gr[n ^u ! top ( ! old "o4 ,! crocus gr[n 9 wat] has also produc$ a new corm1 b x is too small to produce a fl[] next ye>4 8,!n1 aga91 take ! sn[drop4 ,! "o gr[n 9 ! soil has produc$ two or ?ree new bulbs1 :ile t gr[n 9 wat] has n4 ,^! new bulbs 7 ! side buds we notic$ betwe5 ! scales :5 we op5$ out our sn[drop bulb4 ,9 bo? sn[drops ! old bulb has be5 completely us$ up to =m gre5 leaves & fl[]4 8,b ! bulb gr[n 9 soil has n only produc$ fl[]s & gre5 leaves4 ,x has ga!r$ up en\gh mat]ial f soil & air to =m new bulbs = next ye>40 ,illu/ration #a4 ,sn[drop ,fl[]--,a1 ! spa!4 #b4 ,crocus ,plant4 #c4 ,old & ,"y ,corms ( ,crocus4 #d4 ,"y ,sn[drop ,fl[] enclos$ 9 its spa!4 #e4 ,crocus ,fl[]4 #f4 ,tulip ,fl[] dissect$4 ,uncle ,george !n divid$ ! crocus fl[] ) 8 knife f top to bottom4 8,at ! v bottom ( ! fl[]10 he said1 8y see ! ov>y1 or se$-vessel1 conta9+ ! t9y se$s4 ,f ! se$-vessel a long ?9 rod or tube /ret*es to ! v m\? ( ! fl[]4 ,y c also see ! rema9s ( ! spa! :i* once enclos$ ! :ole fl[]40 8,& :at are ^? ?ree ?+s cov]$ ) orange-col\r$ du/80 ask$ ,tom4 8,^!10 said 8 uncle1 8are ! /am5s or poll5-boxes2 & ! orange-col\r$ p[d] is ! poll54 ,?is poll5 is c>ri$ ab\t f fl[] to fl[] by ! bees4 ,poll5 is necess>y = ! production ( se$s4 8,d y "k :y ! se$-vessel ( ! crocus is s f> d[n "u ! gr\nd8 8,x is because ! crocus fl[]s 9 w9t]-"t1 & ! fro/ might kill ! "y se$s4 ,und]gr\nd !y are safe f fro/4 ,! sn[drop is a h>dy fl[]1 &1 besides1 ! walls ( its se$-vessel are v ?ick4 8,! tulip1 if gr[n outside1 fl[]s mu* lat] ?an ! o!r two plants4 8,notice ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! fl[] ( ! tulip & ^? ( ei!r crocus or sn[drop4 ,its petals are all sep>ate1 :ile ^? ( ! o!rs are jo9$ to =m a bell or tube4 ,! se$-vessel ( ! tulip1 also1 /&s "r up 9 ! c5tre ( ! fl[]1 :ile t ( ! sn[drop 7& crocus7 is plac$ und]nea? ! fl[] altoge!r40 8,h[ is x1 ,uncle ,george1 t ! fl[]s ( bo? tulip & crocus op5 out wide :5 ! sun %9es & close :5 ! sun goes d[n80 ask$ ,frank4 8,plants c feel to a c]ta9 ext5t10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,t is to say1 !y are affect$ by heat & cold1 by light & %ade4 ,a great _m fl[]s close up at night--! daisy1 = in/ance2 & h y nev] notic$ h[ clov] leaves fold up long be=e night comes80 8,yes1 b :y %\ld ! crocus & tulip op5 & close8 ,! sn[drop nev] closes up40 8,!y d s to protect _! poll510 8 uncle answ]$4 8,ra9 or dew w\ld ru9 poll54 ,^? fl[]s1 l ! crocus & tulip1 :i* op5 out to ! sky mu/ close up1 or ! preci\s poll5 w\ld be de/roy$4 ,fl[]s l ! sn[drop & bluebell1 :i* hang d[nw>ds1 h no ne$ to close up1 = _! poll5 is "u a ro( ( jo9$ petals40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,iv4 #a4 ,place an onion or daffodil bulb 9 ! m\? ( a bottle conta9+ wat]4 ,keep x 9 ! d>k = ab\t t5 days4 ,!n place x 9 ! w9d[4 ,make sket*es e week4 #b4 ,make a li/ ( all ! plants y "k :i* close _! fl[]s1 or fold up _! leaves1 at night4 #c4 ,cut op5 a fl[] ( ! daffodil 7or n>cissus71 also "o ( ! wallfl[]4 ,draw bo?1 nam+ _! p>ts4 ,:at po9ts ( diff]5ce d y notice 9 ! two fl[]s8 #d4 ,exam9e ! foll[+ fl[]s1 & see if y c f9d :]e ! "y se$s are3--,hyac9?1 primrose1 violet 7or pansy71 *ickwe$1 ,*ri/mas rose1 %eph]d's purse4 ,v4--,,vegetable ,,f+]s4 ,:5 ! sweet-peas 9 ! g>d5 7 ne>ly full gr[n1 ,uncle ,george s[$ "s sweet-peas 9 a pot4 ,9 a =tnight ^? s[n 9 ! pot 7 ab\t f\r in*es 9 height1 & ^? 9 ! g>d5 7 9 fl[]4 8,let u g into ! g>d51 boys10 he said1 8& see if we c le>n some?+ f ! sweet-pea40 ,9 ! g>d5 ! sweet-peas 7 really lovely4 ,!y look$1 z ,frank said1 l s _m beautiful butt]flies on ! w+2 & !y fill$ ! air ) delici\s p]fume4 8,i ?9k10 said ,frank1 8t our r[ ( sweet-peas is by f> ! be/ ?+ 9 ! g>d540 8,t is q true1 ,frank10 said 8 uncle1 8b x is n s mu* ! fl[]s we are go+ to /udy at pres5t4 ,! sweet-pea is c]ta9ly "o ( our f9e/ fl[]+ plants4 ,x is also "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+4 ,c y tell me :y we put /akes up = our sweet-pea plants to cl+ to80 8,because !y h long1 sl5d] /ems--too sl5d] & weak to gr[ up by !mselves10 said ,frank4 8,q "r1 ,frank4 ,if ! sweet-pea 7 a wild plant1 :]e w\ld x gr[80 8,9 ! h$ges10 said ,tom4 8,"r aga910 said ,uncle ,george4 8,if we gr[ ! sweet-pea 9 ! g>d51 we mu/ imitate its surr\nd+s 9 ! wild /ate--we mu/ give x a h$ge ( "s k9d to cl+ to1 o!rwise x w\ld trail along ! gr\nd40 8,!n x w\ld get *ok$ among ! o!r plants10 said ,frank4 ,illu/ration ,rose ,leaf4 ,vet* ,leaf4 ,a% ,leaf4 8,:at d y mean by #8*ok$1' ,frank80 8,well1 x w\ld die = want ( air0---- 8,& light10 8 uncle add$4 8,no gre5 plant c live )\t air & sunlight2 &1 9 ord] to get ^!1 our weak-/emm$ sweet-pea has to climb4 ,x cl+s to its /rong] bre?r5 j z ! wild peas d 9 ! h$g][4 ,n[ notice h[ x climbs4 ,! end "p ( ea* leaf consi/s ( little gripp+ organs call$ t5drils4 ,^! tw9e tightly r\nd ! smalle/ twigs ne> !m4 ,illu/ration #a4 ,ox ,eye4 #b4 ,daisy4 #c4 ,corn ,m>igold4 8,"h is a rose leaf4 ,x is compos$ ( sev]al leaflets1 & at its base !re are two small1 br[ni%-gre5 ?+s call$ /ipules4 ,if we comp>e ?is leaf ) ! leaf ( ! sweet-pea1 we f9d t 9 "s po9ts !y are simil>1 b 9 o!rs v diff]5t4 ,illu/ration ,sweet-,pea4 ,edible ,pea4 8,! rose leaf is call$ a comp\nd leaf1 because x is made up ( _m small leaflets4 ,! sweet-pea leaf is also a comp\nd leaf1 b x has only two leaflets1 & ^! are ( enorm\s size4 ,! rose leaf has two small /ipules4 ,! /ipules ( ! sweet-pea leaf are l>ge & gre54 8,if ,i place ! rose leaf beside a sweet-pea leaf1 y w notice t ! latt] has no upp] leaflets40 8,x has t5drils #8in/ead1'0 said ,frank4 8,exactly60 said ,uncle ,george4 8,^! t5drils correspond to leaflets4 ,n[1 if ! plant has be5 =c$ to turn all its leaflets1 except two1 into gripp+ organs1 h[ does x manage to make up = ?is loss ( gre5 leaves8 ,illu/ration3 ,"y ,edible ,pea4 8,we h already le>n$ t plants take 9 food f ! air by means ( ! gre5 sub/ance 9 _! leaves4 ,! m ( ?is gre5 sub/ance a plant possesses1 ! m food x c take 9 f ! air4 ,if x sacrifices leaves 9 ord] to climb up to ! light & air1 its am\nt ( ! gre5 mat]ial mu/ be less5$4 ,b ! sweet-pea makes up = ?is loss ( leaves4 ,c y see h[ x does s80 8,! /ipules are v l>ge10 said ,frank4 8,& ! l[] "p ( ! leaf-/alk is v flat1 broad1 & gre510 add$ ,tom4 8,v good10 said ,uncle ,george1 8b look at ! long1 sl5d] /em4 ,x has flat1 gre51 ribbon-l outgr[?s on ea* side ?r\gh\t its :ole l5g?4 ,s1 y see1 :at ! plant loses 9 leaves1 x makes up 9 ano!r way4 8,let u n[ look at ! ord9>y pea plant4 ,its leaf has f\r pairs ( leaflets & ?ree pairs ( t5drils besides ! t]m9al t5dril--sev5 t5drils altoge!r4 ,! /ipules "h are also v l>ge--mu* l>g] ?an ^? ( ! sweet-pea4 ,b ! /em is r\nd & smoo?4 ,!re are no gre5 outgr[?s4 ,"h is a wild pea1 :i* ,i f\nd to-day1 :i* has no leaves at all4 ,all its leaflets h be5 turn$ into t5drils or gripp+ organs4 ,b look at ! enorm\s /ipules x has6 ,!y are mu* bigg] ?an ord9>y pea leaves4 ,illu/ration ,a ,wild ,pea ) no ,leaves4 ,"y ,sweet-,peas h no ,t5drils4 8,let u n[ look at ! t5drils ( ! sweet-pea1 & see h[ !y grip _! supports4 ,notice t !y beg9 to twi/ long be=e !y rea* ! support+ twig4 ,!n1 :5 !y h rea*$ x1 !y twi/ r\nd x 9 ! opposite way--j l a piece ( /r+1 if y twi/ x at "o end1 x untwi/s at ! o!r40 8,c y see any reason = ?is coil+ be=e x rea*es ! twig80 ,z he spoke1 ,uncle ,george pull$ a sweet-pea plant out f its supports1 & ! boys saw t ! t5dril 0 really a spiral spr+4 ,! plant c\ld be pull$ out a consid]able l5g? )\t break+ ! t5dril4 8,y see10 ,uncle ,george cont9u$1 8if x 7 n = t fir/ coil+ ( ! t5dril--t is to say1 if ! t5dril grew out /raight & only began to twi/ :5 x rea*$ ! twig--! fir/ breeze ( w9d w\ld snap ! plant f its supports & x w\ld fall to ! gr\nd4 8,look n[1 at ! "y sweet-peas :i* we grew 9 ! pot4 ,!y are )\t t5drils ( any k9d4 ,?is %[s u1 ,i ?9k1 t ! sweet-pea 0 at "o "t a small plant1 l its relative ! clov]4 ,x grew 9 op5 places & did n h to /ruggle = light & air4 ,b1 by & by1 :5 /rong gr[+ plants took up ! soil1 x became =c$ to produce climb+ organs or become *ok$ out4 ,&1 hav+ turn$ its leaves into climb+ or gripp+ organs1 x made up = ! loss ( leaves by produc+ l>ge /ipules & gre5 out-gr[?s to /em & leaf40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,v4 #a4 ,draw a leaf ( ! wild rose & "o ( ! sweet-pea side by side4 #b4 ,make a li/ ( all ! climb+ plants y "k1 & /ate h[ ea* climbs4 #c4 ,look = /ipules on ! apple1 pansy1 & bean leaves--make sket*es4 #d4 ,^? plants ( ! pea family :i* h _m leaflets h smoo? r\nd /ems4 ,^? :i* h few leaflets h 8w+$0 /ems4 ,c y expla9 ?is8 ,,vi4--,,! ,,great ,,wat] ,,beetle4 ,dur+ summ] ! boys paid _m visits to ! horse pond4 ,ea* "t !y w5t !re !y saw some?+ to int]e/ !m4 ,_! uncle taught !m to keep p]fectly /ill :ile look+ into ! wat]4 ,!y soon came to "k t ?is 0 ! be/ way to /udy pond-life1 =1 :5ev] !y mov$1 ! creatures !y 7 wat*+ w\ld d>t out ( sight4 ,"o day1 :ile !y 7 bo? ly+ on ! bank gaz+ into ! pond1 a huge black beetle came up to ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,x rema9$ !re = a few mom5ts1 ) its head hang+ d[nw>ds & its tail /ick+ "r out ( ! wat]4 ,!n x div$ d[n out ( sight4 ,9 a few m9utes x came up aga91 & ?is "t ,frank's net 0 "u x be=e x c\ld escape4 ,j z ,frank 0 putt+ x into ! glass j>1 ,tom :isp]$1 8,"h is ano!r "o--quick1 ,frank60 ,b ,frank 0 too late2 = be=e he c\ld get ! fir/ beetle into ! j>1 ! second "o _h div$ to ! bottom ( ! pond4 ,! boys wait$ = a long "t1 hop+ to see ! o!r beetle aga94 ,at la/ _! pati5ce 0 rew>d$4 ,! beetle came up aga9 to ! surface4 ,z soon z x did s1 9 w5t ! net1 & out came beetle numb] two4 8,:at big beauties10 said ,frank4 8,i wond] :at !y are4 ,let u hurry home & %[ !m to ,uncle ,george40 ,:5 !y got home1 _! uncle plac$ ! two beetles 9 a glass tank by !mselves1 s t !y c\ld be m easily obs]v$4 8,:at d y call !m1 uncle80 ask$ ,frank4 8,we h nev] se5 su* l>ge1 h&some beetles be=e40 ,illu/ration3 ,dyticus ,beetle1 male & female4 8,h y n80 8 uncle repli$4 8,i am surpris$ at t1 = ?is beetle is f\nd 9 ne>ly all our ponds & dit*es4 ,x has a long ,lat9 "n1#b :i* means ,bord]$ ,div]1 b x is commonly kn[n z ! #8great wat] beetle4' ,!re are sev]al k9ds ( ^! div+ beetles4 ,?is is ! l>ge/4 ,c y give me an idea ( _! size80 ,& ,uncle ,george h&$ ,frank a small measur+ rule :i* he c>ri$ 9 8 pocket4 ,frank look$ at ! beetles1 & !n mov$ 8 ?umb nail along ! rule4 8,ab\t an in* & a half 9 l5g?10 he said4 8,t is ab\t "r10 said 8 uncle4 8,are ^! two beetles exactly alike80 8,!y are bo? ab\t ! same %ape & col\r4 ,"o is slightly bigg] ?an ! o!r4 ,!y are bo? gre5i%-black above & br[n bel[4 ,!re is a curi\s broad bord] ( yell[ all r\nd ! edge ( _! bodies10 said ,tom4 8,b !y are n bo? exactly alike10 said ,frank1 8,i notice t "o is smoo? on ! back1 :ile ! o!r's back is all groov$40 8,y are "r1 ,frank10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,! "o ) ! groov$ w+-cases is ! female4 ,! "o ) ! smoo? cases is ! male4 ,illu/ration3 ,=e ,leg ( ,male1 %[+ ,suck] ,organ4 8,notice ! long legs !y h = swimm+1 & h[ !y seem to o> !mselves ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,notice also t ! male has a l>ge flat disc ^u ea* ( 8 =e legs4 ,^! are suck]s1 by :i* he c cl+ to ?+s40 8,:y d !y come up to ! surface s (t580 ,frank ask$4 8,!y _c live )\t air4 ,!y c>ry a supply ( air "u _! w+-cases4 ,!y j come up to r5ew x f "t to "t4 ,?is is done by ?ru/+ ! end ( _! bodies out ( ! wat] z y see40 8,"o w\ld ?9k !y ought to ?ru/ _! heads out to get air10 said ,tom4 8,t seems m natural to u1 because we brea! ) our m\?s10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,^! animals take 9 air ) _! tails4 ,a great _m pond insects brea! 9 ?is curi\s way40 8,:at d !y fe$ ^u80 ,frank ask$4 8,!y are fi]ce1 gre$y creatures10 8 uncle repli$4 8,!y attack & kill worms1 tadpoles1 & ev5 small fi%es40 ,uncle ,george ?rew a small worm into ! tank4 ,"o ( ! beetles seiz$ x at once & began to dev\r x gre$ily4 ,pres5tly ! o!r beetle seiz$ an end ( ! worm4 ,! boys wat*$ closely1 & saw t ! beetles' jaws mov$ f side to side l a pair ( p9c]s4 ,next morn+1 :5 ,uncle ,george & ! boys w5t 9 to see ! beetles1 !y f\nd only "o 9 ! tank4 ,! o!r _h escap$ dur+ ! night4 ,aft] a c>eful se>* !y f\nd x1 at ! f> end ( ! room1 dead4 8,n[1 h[ d y ?9k ?is beetle manag$ to get out ( ! tank & travel all t way80 ,uncle ,george ask$4 8,x mu/ h crawl$ up ! inside ( ! tank1 !n d[n ! outside4 ,!n x mu/ h fall5 (f ! w9d[-sill1 & crawl$ "r across ! floor10 said ,frank4 ,uncle ,george %ook 8 head4 8,x might10 he said1 8h manag$ to crawl up to ! edge ( ! tank s long z its legs 7 wet4 ,b z its long legs are made = swimm+1 & n = crawl+ )1 ,i c h>dly see h[ x c\ld h crawl$ or walk$ all t di/ance40 8,!n h[ did x get !re1 ,uncle ,george80 ,9 answ] to ,frank's "q1 8 uncle took ! dead beetle1 & plac$ x on a piece ( pap] on ! table4 ,he next mov$ aside ea* ( ! l>ge black w+-cases ) a p94 ,und]nea? ^! w+-cases ! boys saw a pair ( l>ge w+s neatly fold$ up4 ,uncle ,george remov$ "o ( ! w+-cases1 & unfold$ "o ( ! w+s4 ,/ret*$ out1 x 0 long] ?an ! beetle's body1 & x seem$ to be made up ( ?91 cle> sk91 /ret*$ on a framework ( long1 ?9 supports4 8,:y1 ^! beetles c fly10 said ,tom4 ,illu/ration3 ,male & ,female ,beetles1 %[+ ,fly+ ,w+s4 8,( c\rse !y c10 said 8 uncle4 8,all beetles c fly4 ,?is creature has evid5tly be5 fly+ ab\t ! room all night4 ,^! insects are furni%$ ) w+s1 s t !y may be able to fly to ano!r pool :5 food gets sc>ce1 or :5 _! pool dries up40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,vi4 #a4 ,w\ld y keep wat] beetles1 tadpoles1 & /ickle-backs toge!r8 ,give y\r reasons4 #b4 ,wat] beetles _c live )\t air4 ,expla9 h[ !y get x4 #c4 ,comp>e ! legs ( a wat] beetle ) ^? ( any ( our g>d5 beetles4 #d4 ,:y are wat] beetles furni%$ ) w+s8 ,,vii4--,,daisies4 ,:ile ,uncle ,george & ,frank & ,tom 7 hav+ a game ( cricket1 ,dolly 0 amus+ h]self 9 ano!r way4 ,%e _h pull$ a bun* ( daisies & 0 jo9+ !m up into a daisy *a94 ,illu/ration3 ,common ,daisy4 ,%e f9i%$ h] daisy *a9 j z h] uncle & ! boys f9i%$ _! game4 8,we w take "s daisies home10 said ,uncle ,george4 ,he /oop$ d[n & dug out a :ole daisy plant ) 8 knife1 :ile ,dolly ga!r$ a small bun* ( ! fl[]s4 ,:5 !y got home ,uncle ,george plac$ 8 daisy plant 9 a sauc] ( wat]1 & told ! boys to br+ out _! magnifi]s & sket*-books4 8,fir/ ( all10 he said1 8,i want y to look at ! daisy plant4 ,notice its leaves4 ,ea* leaf is broad at ! end & n>r[ :]e x jo9s ! plant4 ,notice also t ! leaves all =m a r\nd gre5 mat on ! gr\nd4 ,n[1 c y tell me :at ! leaf resembles 9 %ape40 ,illu/ration #a4 ,daisy ,leaf4 #b4 ,primrose ,leaf4 #c4 ,c[slip ,leaf4 8,x is l a spoon10 said ,tom4 8,x is10 said 8 uncle2 8& c y see any reason = x be+ s %ap$8 8,y _c8 ,well1 ,i mu/ tell y4 ,all plants ^: leaves are all at ! gr\nd h leaves %ap$ some?+ l ?is4 ,! primrose & c[slip are good examples4 ,we h se5 t plants1 l ! pea1 climb up s t _! leaves & gre5 p>ts may get z mu* light & air z possible4 ,& if y look at any tree1 su* z ! horse-*e/nut1 a%1 elm1 or bee*1 y w notice t _! leaves are spread out s z to cat* z mu* light z possible40 ,uncle ,george !n drew a circle4 ,illu/ration #a & #b4 ,diagram to %[ ,leaf arrangem5t ( ,daisy4 #c4 ,head ( ,daisy split4 #d4 ,out] ,floret4 #e4 ,inn] ,floret4 8,n[1 boys10 he said1 8,i want y to try to fill t circle ) leaves s %ap$ t !y w fill x )\t cov]+ "o ano!r4 ,! be/ way to d s is to make !m broad at ! end4 ,if y make !m broad at ! base & n>r[ at ! end1 !y ov]lap & rob ea* o!r ( light & air4 ,n[ y c see :y ! leaves ( ! daisy are s %ap$4 8,take up a daisy & split x d[n ! c5tre ) y\r knife4 ,y w notice t ! daisy is n a fl[]1 b a collection ( t9y fl[]s1 or florets1 all pack$ closely toge!r ^u a pad or disc1 & surr\nd$ outside by _m little gre5 ?+s l small leaves4 ,^! little leaf-l ?+s are call$ bracts40 ,illu/ration3 ,london ,pride1 %[+ ,leaf arrangem5t4 8,!re are two di/9ct k9ds ( florets10 said ,frank1 look+ at ! split daisy ) 8 l5s4 8,yes10 said ,uncle ,george1 8y w see !m bett] if y remove "o ( ea* ) a p91 & exam9e !m sep>ately40 8,! out] florets are v l>ge & :ite10 said ,frank4 8,!y are v flat1 :ile ! inn] ones are yell[ & r\nd4 ,!y are v l small crocus fl[]s4 ,:at is t small two-head$ ?+ t comes out 9 ! c5tre ( ea* floret80 8,t is ! "p :i* leads to ! se$-vessel4 ,c y see ! se$-vessel at ! bottom ( ea* floret80 8,yes10 said ,tom1 8x is l>ge & r\nd4 ,on ! top ( x & all r\nd ! petal "p ( ! floret !re are long silky hairs40 8,9 fl[]s ( ?is k9d1 :5 ! se$s are ripe !y are c>ri$ away by ! w9d10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,! petal "p )]s1 b ! tuft ( hairs rema94 ,!y are to ! se$ :at sails are to a %ip4 ,!y are mu* bett] se5 9 "s o!r fl[]s relat$ to ! daisy1 su* z ! ?i/le4 8,n[ cut op5 ! se$-vessel & see h[ _m se$s x conta9s40 8,!re is only "o1 ,i ?9k10 said ,frank4 8,y ?9k correctly10 said 8 uncle4 8,ea* se$-vessel holds a s+le se$40 8,! se$-vessel 9 ! l>ge :ite floret is small & flat10 said ,tom4 8,x is10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,9 fact1 ! out] florets seldom produce se$s40 8,!n :at is ! use ( !m80 ,tom ask$4 8,i'll %[ y10 said ,uncle ,george4 ,z he spoke he took up a fre% daisy fl[]4 8,look60 he said1 8:at a pretty fl[] x is1 ) its gold5 c5tre & its bright :ite edge tipp$ ) r$4 ,x is l a beautiful />40 ,!n he pull$ (f all ! l>ge :ite florets4 8,look at x n[10 he said4 8,x is a d+y1 ugly little fl[]4 ,)\t its :ite florets x w\ld n be se5 at all4 ,n[ p]haps y c tell me :at ! l>ge :ite florets are =40 8,to help u to see !m at a di/ance10 said ,frank4 8,s t bees & o!r fly+ insects may be able to see !m10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,insects visit fl[]s = honey1 &1 9 do+ s1 c>ry ! yell[ du/1 or poll51 f fl[] to fl[]4 ,?is poll51 z ,i told y be=e1 has to d ) ! mak+ ( se$s3 & /rong] se$s are produc$ if ! poll5 comes f ano!r fl[]4 8,n[ comp>e a :ite floret ) a yell[ "o1 & y w notice /ill ano!r diff]5ce betwe5 !m4 8,r\nd ! /igma--t is ! =k$ tube :i* leads to ! se$-vessel--9 ! yell[ florets1 !re is a yell[ r+ ( /am5s1 or poll5-boxes4 ,x is %ap$ l a little b>rel ) its ends knock$ out1 & ! /igma gr[s "r up ?r\gh x4 8,9 ! :ite florets !re are no poll5-boxes ( any k9d4 8,?us1 we see t ! inn] florets are p]fect florets :i* produce se$s4 8,! out] florets h all run to petal4 ,_! bus9ess is to %[ ! way to ! pla9 little florets 9 ! middle4 8,!re is ano!r ?+ ab\t ! daisy t ,i %\ld l y to notice10 ,uncle ,george cont9u$4 8,if y g out on a dull day1 or 9 ! ev5+1 y w f9d all ! daisy fl[]s clos$ up4 ,!y only op5 out 9 bright sun%9e1 :5 all ! insects are fly+ ab\t40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,vii4 #a4 ,daises are call$ 8composite0 fl[]s4 ,c y tell :y8 ,cut a l>ge 8ox-eye daisy0 or corn m>igold ?r\gh ! c5tre & exam9e ! florets c>efully4 #b4 ,us+ a l5s1 draw sep>ately1 an inside & an outside floret4 ,make y\r draw+s l>ge1 & "n ! v>i\s p>ts ( ea* floret4 #c4 ,take two ox-eye daisies4 ,pull (f all ! :ite florets ( "o ( !m4 ,!n comp>e !m4 ,p9 bo? fl[]s up on ! wall4 ,g back ab\t ?irty paces & note :i* fl[] is be/ se54 #d4 ,! daisy leaves =m a little rosette on ! gr\nd4 ,make a collection ( wild plants :i* h simil> leaves4 ,draw a s+le leaf ( ea*1 & comp>e ) ^? ( ! daisy4 ,illu/ration3 ,ne/ ( ,*aff9*4 ,,viii4--,,*aff9* ,,& ,,song-,,?ru%4 ,x 0 ,frank :o f\nd ! *aff9*'s ne/ 9 ! wood4 ,x 0 built 9 ! =k ( a small tree1 ab\t eight feet f ! gr\nd4 ,al?\gh n surr\nd$ ei!r by bran*es or leaves1 x 0 completely hidd51 = ! cunn+ little birds _h mat*$ ! outside ( ! ne/ exactly ) ! b>k ( ! tree4 ,uncle ,george got an old *aff9*'s ne/ f ! g>d5]1 & %[$ ! boys h[ x 0 con/ruct$4 ,horse-hair1 fea!rs1 & moss 7 neatly wov5 toge!r to =m ! ne/4 ,! inside 0 l9$ ) f9] hairs & fea!rs4 ,! outside 0 cov]$ ) pieces ( b>k1 li*51 & fad$ moss4 ,^! 7 /uck on ) silk5 ?reads /ol5 f spid]'s webs4 ,! :ole ?+ look$ at a di/ance m l a "p ( ! tree ?an a bird's ne/4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,*aff9*',s ,,ne/ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,?ru% ,! next "t ! boys w5t to see ! ne/ !y f\nd f\r t9y eggs 9 x4 ,!y 7 blui%-gre5 9 col\r1 & spla%$ ) r$ & br[n m>ks4 ,x 0 :ile pay+ a ?ird visit to ! *aff9*'s ne/ t ,uncle ,george f\nd ! ne/ ( ! song-?ru%4 ,high up on a tall tree ! cock ?ru% 0 p\r+ out 8 song1 & fill+ ! woods ) melody4 8,c y see him1 boys80 ,uncle ,george ask$1 & he h&$ ,frank a pair ( field-glasses :i* he us$ = wat*+ ! birds4 8,oh1 yes10 said ,frank1 8,i c see him q pla9ly4 ,he is a br[n bird1 ) a :ite & yell[ brea/1 all dott$ ov] ) small d>k spots40 8,he is n su* a beautiful bird z ! *aff9*10 said ,uncle ,george1 8b he is a mu* f9] s+]4 ,our prettie/ birds are by no means our be/ song/]s4 ,! l>k1 ?ru%1 l9net1 & night+ale are all pla9 birds to look at1 b !y are by f> our sweete/ s+]s40 8,tell u :at y see ?r\gh ! glasses1 ,tom80 8,i c see him nicely10 said ,tom4 8,he holds 8 head high 9 ! air1 z if he 7 s++ to ! sky4 ,8 bill is wide op51 & ! fea!rs ( 8 ?roat are mov+ rapidly z he s+s40 8,i ?9k10 said ,uncle ,george1 8t 8 ne/ mu/ be ne>4 ,let u look = x40 ,j z ,uncle ,george mov$1 a br[n bird flew out ( a l[ bu% close at h&4 8,ah1 ha60 said ,uncle ,george1 8,i ?\ght we %\ld f9d x4 ,we h di/urb$ ! h5 bird4 ,%e has be5 sitt+ on h] eggs all ! "t40 ,he mov$ ! bran*es ( ! bu% g5tly aside1 & ! boys saw a l>ge ne/ made ( dri$ grass4 ,x 0 n v high up1 & ! boys1 by /&+ on an old tree /ump1 c\ld look d[n into x4 8,oh1 :at pretty eggs10 said ,tom4 8,!re are f\r ( !m1 ,uncle ,george4 ,!y are light blue 9 col\r1 & spr9kl$ ) black spots4 ,illu/ration ,egg ( ,song-,?ru%4 ,egg ( ,*aff9*4 8,! ne/ is q smoo? & h>d inside4 ,:at is t que] br[n /uff all ov] ! inside ( ! ne/80 8,t is clay1 ,tom4 ,:5 ! ?ru%es h built _! ne/1 !y l9e ! inside ( x ) clay4 ,?is clay is s(t at fir/1 b x soon dries & turns q h>d4 8,b1 come1 let u g1 boys4 ,! cock ?ru% has /opp$ 8 s++4 ,he & 8 little wife are fly+ ab\t 9 great al>m40 ,:5 !y came to ! *aff9*'s neat little ne/ 9 ! =k ( ! tree1 !y got a great surprise4 ,! f\r little mottl$ eggs 7 gone4 ,9 _! place 7 f\r t9y nak$ creatures1 ) little tufts ( d>k col\r$ d[n ^u _! heads & necks4 ,!y _h v l>ge m\?s1 & _! eyes 7 clos$4 8,oh1 :at funny little ?+s10 said ,frank4 ,z soon z he spoke1 ! baby *aff9*es /ret*$ out _! sl5d] little necks1 op5$ _! wide1 gap+ m\?s1 & cri$ = food4 8,p9k1 ,p9k1 ,p9k60 came f a neighb\r+ tree4 8,come d[n1 ,frank60 ,uncle ,george :isp]$4 8,let u g back f ! ne/1 & we w p]haps see ! old birds fe$+ !m40 ,) ano!r 8,p9k1 ,p9k1 ,p9k10 ! cock *aff9* flew d[n & /ood on ! edge ( ! ne/4 ,he _h some?+ 9 8 bill4 ,?is he dropp$ into "o ( ! gap+ little m\?s1 & flew away4 ,next came ! h5 bird ) some?+ 9 h] bill4 ,%e f$ ano!r ( ! hungry little birds1 & flew away also4 ,! boys 7 greatly int]e/$4 ,!y want$ to /ay ! :ole aft]noon & wat* ! *aff9*es fe$+ _! "y1 b _! uncle w\ld n all[ ?is4 8,no1 no1 my de> boys10 he said1 8we mu/ n annoy our little fea!r$ fri5ds too mu*1 or !y may =sake _! beautiful ne/ & _! helpless "y ones4 8,we w come back 9 a =tnight & see ! "y birds4 ,y w n "k !m !n1 = !y w be fully fl$g$40 8,:at d y mean by #8fully fl$g$1' ,uncle ,george80 ,tom ask$4 8,x means cov]$ all ov] ) fea!rs1 does x n80 said ,frank4 ,_! uncle nodd$4 8,are ^! little birds n cold )\t fea!rs80 ask$ ,tom4 8,oh1 de>1 no10 8 uncle answ]$4 8,dur+ ! day !y cuddle up toge!r 9 _! cosy ne/4 ,at night ! "m bird folds h] w+s ov] ! ne/40 8,:]e does ! cock bird g at night80 ask$ ,tom4 8,he sleeps on a bran* q ne> ! ne/10 8 uncle answ]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,rooks & ,ne/4 8,i h j two m que/ions to ask1 ,uncle ,george10 said ,frank4 8,:at d ! *aff9*es fe$ _! "y ones on8 & :at becomes ( ! "y birds aft] !y are fl$g$80 8,!y fe$ _! "y *iefly on small worms1 flies1 grubs1 beetles1 & o!r insects4 ,:5 ! "y *aff9*es are fl$g$1 _! p>5ts lead !m f ! ne/4 ,!y tea* !m to fly1 & %[ !m :]e to f9d _! food4 ,!y nev] lose sight ( !m until !y are q gr[n up & able to take c>e ( !mselves40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,viii4 #a4 ,describe & comp>e ! ne/s ( rook1 ?ru%1 & *aff9*4 ,:]e w\ld y look = ea*8 #b4 ,h[ does ! *aff9*1 9 build+ 8 ne/1 imitate ! col\r ( ! tree x is built on4 ,c y see any special reason = ?is8 #c4 ,make a li/ ( all ! ,briti% birds y "k4 ,!n divide ?is li/ into--7#a7 pretty birds2 7#b7 pla9 birds2 7#c7 s++ birds4 #d4 ,write a description ( any bird's ne/ y h se51 /at+ :]e & h[ x 0 built1 & also :at y le>n$ f x4 ,illu/ration3 ,holly bran*4 ,,ix4--,,plants ,,t ,,arm ,,!mselves4 8,"s "t ago10 said ,uncle ,george1 8,i promis$ to tell y some?+ ab\t h[ plants arm !mselves4 ,& "h1 9 ?is h$g][1 we h "s good examples ( arm$ plants40 8,!re is ! /++ nettle10 said ,tom1 po9t+ to a l>ge pat* at ! roadside4 8,! /++ nettle is c]ta9ly well protect$10 said 8 uncle4 8,y h only to t\* any "p ( x lightly ) y\r h& to f9d t out4 ,e "p ( ! plant is cov]$ ) small ne$le-%ap$ hairs4 ,^! hairs are holl[ & conta9 a poison\s juice4 ,at ! base ( ea* hair !re is a bag fill$ ) ?is juice1 :ile ! tip ( ea* is %>p & v brittle4 8,:5 y\r h& t\*es a nettle--unless y grasp x tightly--! %>p hair pi]ces ! sk94 ,x's brittle po9t breaks (f & ! poison\s juice is p\r$ out40 8,:y is ! nettle cov]$ ) ^! horrid /+s80 ask$ ,frank4 8,to save x f be+ eat5 up1 ( c\rse4 ,! nettle is a t5d] & juicy plant1 &1 if x 7 n = its /+s x w\ld soon disappe> altoge!r4 8,n[1 "h is ano!r arm$ plant1 ! blackb]ry or bramble4 ,! /em & also ! backs ( ! leaves are cov]$ ) l>ge curv$ prickles4 ,^! prickles n only protect ! plant f graz+ animals1 b !y help x to climb & scramble up walls & h$ges4 8,if y try to pull a bramble bran* d[n out ( ! haw?orn h$ge1 y w f9d x r difficult1 = its l>ge prickles are all turn$ "o way4 ,!y are really %>p hooks40 8,"h is a wild rose bu%4 ,x is also cov]$ ) l>ge hook$ prickles10 said ,frank4 8,yes1 ,tom1 &1 l ! bramble1 x ?reads its way among /rong] & tall] plants4 8,! wild gooseb]ry gr[+ close beside x is also arm$ ) prickles4 ,b ! prickles ( ! gooseb]ry are = protect+ its t5d] leaves4 ,x is n a climb+ plant l ! rose & bramble4 ,! raspb]ry also is cov]$ ) _m %>p little prickles4 ,!re is a clump ( ^! plants gr[+ at ! o!r side ( ! road4 ,let u cut (f a small bran* ( ea* ( ^! plants & take !m home40 ,illu/ration3 ,arm$ ,plants4 #a4 ,?i/le4 #b4 ,blackb]ry4 #c4 ,:94 #d4 ,b>b]ry4 #e4 ,raspb]ry4 #f4 ,sloe4 #g4 ,butt]cup4 8,?is is ! mo/ prickly plant ( all10 said ,frank1 z he halt$ be=e a huge ?i/le4 8,y c sc>cely t\* x )\t gett+ sev]ely prick$40 8,! ?i/le is well arm$10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,!re are %>p prickles on its leaves1 on its /em1 & on its fl[]s40 ,z !y walk$ d[n ! road !y came ^u a mass ( :9 bu%es4 8,"h10 said ,uncle ,george1 8we h a plant :i* has turn$ its leaves into %>p sp9es40 ,he b5t d[n & pull$ up a t9y plant :i* 0 gr[+ "u ! l>g] gorse bu%es4 8,look at ?is little plant1 boys4 ,?is is a "y :9 plant40 8,b x is n a bit l ! :91 ,uncle ,george10 said ,tom4 8,its leaves are s(t & flat4 ,!y are m l clov] leaves4 ,!re are no sp9es or prickles on ?is little plant40 8,t is s1 ,tom2 b /ill x is a "y :9 plant4 ,illu/ration3 ,"y ,:9s4 8,!re are a great _m ( ^! "y :9s gr[+ "u ! old] bu%es4 ,let u take a few ( !m home4 ,if we gr[ "o ( !m 9 a pot1 & supply x ) pl5ty ( wat]1 we w f9d t x w nev] produce %>p prickles40 8,t is v wond]ful10 said ,frank4 8,x is10 said ,uncle ,george1 8& x tea*es u some?+ ( ! :9's hi/ory4 ,l ! nettle1 ! :9 is a juicy plant1 &1 if x 7 n = its prickles1 w\ld be eat5 by c[s1 %eep1 & horses4 ,9 fact1 "s f>m]s give :9s to _! horses4 ,( c\rse ! :9s are pass$ ?r\gh a mill fir/4 ,! mill cru%es ! :9s & de/roys ! prickles4 8,x %[s u t _m1 _m ye>s ago ! :9 0 a s(t-leav$ plant l ! clov]4 ,x grew 9 moi/ soil4 ,b by & by o!r plants invad$ ! l&4 ,^! plants grew m quickly ?an ! :91 & *ok$ x out ( ! ri* moi/ soil4 ,=c$ to gr[ ^u b>e hill-sides & commons1 ! s(t-leav$ juicy :9 w\ld be de/roy$ by graz+ animals if x did n arm itself ) %>p sp9es4 8,"h is ! black?orn or sloe4 ,x be>s _m h>d1 %>p-po9t$ sp9es4 ,yet1 if we gr[ a sloe plant 9 ! g>d51 we f9d t its %>p sp9es gradually disappe>4 ,!y become bran*es be>+ leaves & fl[]s4 8,b plants h o!r ways ( protect+ !mselves aga9/ animals4 ,look ?r\gh ! h$ge into ! mead[ & y w notice t :ile ! grass has be5 eat5 b>e1 !re are o!r plants :i* h be5 left to gr[ up unt\*$4 ,butt]cups gr[ up all ov] ! field1 & tall ragwort plants4 ,h[ is x t ! c[s d n eat ^! plants8 ,!y are n arm$ ) sp9es or prickles4 8,!y protect !mselves 9 ano!r way4 ,!y conta9 bitt] or poison\s juices4 ,no c[ w eat a butt]cup4 ,if x did s x w\ld be ill & uncom=table = a "t4 8,i want y to notice1 boys1 t--) ! exception ( ^? plants1 l ! bramble & wild rose1 :i* use _! prickles = climb+ z well z = protection--all our arm$ plants gr[ 9 expos$ places4 ,! ?i/le & :9 are good examples ( ?is40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,ix4 #a4 ,take 9 twigs ( haw?orn1 b>b]ry1 holly1 bramble1 & gooseb]ry4 ,exam9e1 & sket* !m s z to %[ _! protective p>ts4 #b4 ,gr[ a small :9 bu% 9 a pot & wat] x daily4 ,note t ! new gr[? x makes is t5d]1 & t no sp9es are produc$4 #c4 ,"s plants are cov]$ ) d5se woolly hairs4 ,^! are seldom eat5 by cattle4 ,c y expla9 :y8 #d4 ,make a li/ ( all ! arm$ plants y "k1 & tell h[ ea* is protect$4 ,x4--,,! ,,horse ,,pond ,,aga94 ,frank & ,tom return$ f ! horse pond "o day ) _! j>s fill$ ) curi\s creatures4 8,we took ! wat] beetle back to ! pond1 ,uncle ,george10 said ,frank1 8& ,i almo/ felt sorry to let su* a cruel & gre$y mon/] loose among ! o!r creatures 9 ! pond40 8,y h "h creatures ev5 m cruel & gre$y ?an ! div+ beetle10 said 8 uncle1 look+ into ! glass j>s :i* ! boys _h br\ght4 8,"h is ! l>va ( ! div+ beetle1 & a fi]c] or gre$i] creature is n to be f\nd 9 ! :ole _w40 ,uncle ,george refill$ ! ?ree l>ge tanks4 ,he p\r$ ! cont5ts ( "o ( ! j>s into "o ( ! tanks4 ,x conta9$1 besides ! l>v he spoke (1 a numb] ( tadpoles1 "s small /ickle-backs1 & a great _m wat] snails or :elks4 ,9 addition to ^!1 !re 7 "o or two curi\s insects1 ) a pair ( v long legs4 ,!y came to ! surface e n[ & !n1 & mov$ _! long limbs l o>s4 ,:5ev] ! tank 0 t\*$1 !y w\ld sudd5ly dive to ! bottom4 ,"h !y w\ld rema9 = a %ort "t1 !n1 return+ to ! surface1 w\ld 8o>0 !mselves along z usual4 8,:at are ^! que] ?+s1 ,uncle ,george80 ,tom ask$4 8,!y look exactly l little boats40 8,!y are beetles10 ,uncle ,george repli$1 8& !y d resemble little r[-boats--s mu* s t !y are call$ #8wat] boatm54' ,?is beetle's body is %ap$ l a boat1 & he lies on 8 back & moves 8 v long h9d legs exactly l o>s4 ,he has a l>ge1 %>p beak1 :i* y c see if y look closely40 ,j z ,uncle ,george 0 speak+1 a small fly alight$ on ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,x 0 imm$iately seiz$ by a wat] boatman1 :o div$ ) x to ! bottom ( ! tank4 ,illu/ration #a4 ,wat] ,boatman4 #b4 ,wat] ,:elk4 #c4 ,wat] ,hog ,l\se4 8,t is h[ ! creature fe$s10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,:5 an unlucky fly comes ne>1 he seizes x ) 8 two =e pairs ( %ort legs1 drives 8 cruel beak deep into its body1 & dives ) x to ! bottom ( ! pool4 ,:5 he has dr[n$ 8 victim1 he dev\rs x at leisure4 8,b let u look at ! creature ,i fir/ spoke (--! l>va ( ! div+ beetle40 ,!re 7 sev]al 9 ! tank4 ,uncle ,george lift$ "o out ) a small gauze net4 ,he plac$ x 9 a sauc] ( wat] & ask$ ! boys to sket* x4 8,x has six legs10 said ,frank4 8,its head is l>ge & flat1 & !re are two ?+s l horns /ick+ out ( x40 8,^! are ! creature's jaws10 said 8 uncle4 ,uncle ,george t\*$ ! creature's head ) ! po9t ( 8 p5cil4 ,in/antly ! long1 curv$ fangs mov$ ap>t1 & ! creature sprang at ! p5cil & clos$ its fangs ^u ! wood4 ,illu/ration #a4 ,l>va ( ,div+ ,beetle4 #b1 #c4 ,head1 %[+ h[ ,fangs "w4 #d4 ,l>va seiz+ ,tadpole4 8,:at a fi]ce creature10 said ,tom4 8,yes10 repli$ 8 uncle4 8,we mu/ remove ! o!rs f ! tank1 or !re w be no?+ left alive 9 x4 ,see1 "o ( !m has caught a tadpole already40 ,&1 sure en\gh1 ! creature _h sunk 8 cruel p9c]s deep into ! body ( a tadpole4 ,he %ook ! tadpole z a dog w\ld %ake a rat4 8,^? huge fangs are holl[10 ,uncle ,george cont9u$4 8,) !m he sucks e drop ( blood f 8 victim's body4 ,9 ?is way he dev\rs tadpoles1 :elks1 little fi%es1 & ev5 8 own weak] bre?r54 8,we %all h to put ^! l>v 9 a tank by !mselves1 & fe$ !m ^u pieces ( fre% raw meat1 to keep !m f dev\r+ "o ano!r4 8,n[1 boys1 ,i am go+ to describe ?is l>va4 ,look closely1 & see if ,i am "r4 ,y c correct y\r draw+s z we g along4 8,8 body1 :i* is ne>ly two in*es long1 is n>r[ at ea* end & broad at ! middle4 ,x is divid$ into twelve segm5ts1 & to ea* ( ! fir/ ?ree ( ^! segm5ts a pair ( legs are atta*$4 ,8 l>ge1 flat head is almo/ he>t-%ap$4 ,at its broad end are a pair ( l>ge1 beady eyes1 ?ree pairs ( organs :i* look l feel]s1 & ! two l>ge1 curv$ fangs ) :i* he seizes 8 prey4 8,notice h[ beautifully ! legs are adapt$ = swimm+4 ,!y are edg$ ) long1 /iff hairs1 :i* /& out flat ) e d[n /roke1 b fold 9 :5 ! legs move upw>ds4 ,t is h[ ! creature is su* a graceful swimm]4 8,! la/ ?ree segm5ts ( 8 body are ?ickly cov]$ ) long hairs4 ,8 tail is divid$ into two long plumes4 ,y c see :at ^! are =1 ,i hope40 8,oh yes10 said ,frank4 8,l ! p>5t beetle1 ! l>va comes (t5 to ! surface & hangs d[nw>ds ) 8 tail expos$ to ! air4 ,s ^! plumes mu/ be 8 brea?+ organs40 8,& d ^! long1 sl5d] creatures actually become broad1 /\t beetles l ! "o we return$ to ! pond to-day80 ,tom ask$4 8,yes1 ,tom1 !y d4 ,j z y\r gre5 cat]pill> became a beautiful :ite butt]fly4 ,^! l>v hat*$ out ( eggs :i* 7 laid by ! female beetle 9 ! /em ( "s wat] we$4 ,%e fir/ cuts a slit 9 ! wat] we$1 & !n places an egg 9 ! slit4 8,:5 ! l>v are full gr[n1 !y crawl out ( ! pond & bury !mselves 9 gr\nd4 ,"h !y pass ! w9t] 9 ! pupa /age4 ,!y come out 9 spr+1 fully-=m$ beetles1 & pass ! rema9d] ( _! lives 9 ! wat]40 8,:at are ^! curi\s creatures t crawl among ! wat] we$s80 ,frank ask$4 8,!y are v l ! #8slat]s' :i* we f9d among old wood-"w 9 ! g>d540 8,t creature is ! #8wat] hog4' ,its prop] "n is ,asellus1 & x is v closely relat$ to ! g>d5 #8slat]' or wood-l\se4 8,^! wat] hogs1 l ! :elks1 are v useful 9 an aqu>ium4 ,!y eat up all wa/e matt]1 & s help greatly to keep ! wat] fre%4 8,by ! by1 ,i want y to wat* ! :elks f day to day4 ,!y usually lay _! eggs 9 a cle>1 broad b& on ! inside ( ! glass tank2 & ) our l5ses we c wat* ! *anges 9 ^! eggs nicely40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,x4 #a4 ,procure "s 8wat] boatm50 f ! ne>e/ pond 7see ,app5dix71 fe$ !m ^u flies1 & wat* _! habits4 ,notice p>ticul>ly _! me?od ( swimm+ & ( fe$+4 #b4 ,we %\ld n keep all our pond animals 9 "o tank4 ,c y expla9 7giv+ examples7 :y ?is is8 #c4 ,write ! life-hi/ory ( ! div+ beetle4 #d4 ,make l>ge sket*es ( ! div+ beetle & its l>va4 ,comp>e !m4 ,illu/ration ,wat] ,beetles4 ,hog ,lice4 ,wat] ,:elks4 ,wat] ,boatman4 ,,xi4--,,wasps4 ,! wasp's ne/ 0 f\nd at ! edge ( ! wood1 hang+ f ! bran* ( a small tree4 ,x 0 greyi% :ite 9 col\r1 %ap$ l a pe>1 & ab\t ! size ( a h5's egg4 ,illu/ration ,que5 ,wasp4 ,work] ,wasp4 ,que5 ,bee4 ,work] ,bee4 ,uncle ,george remov$ x f ! bran* & c>ri$ x home c>efully1 = x 0 v light & v fragile4 ,he took a pair ( scissors & cut ?r\gh ! ?9 walls s z to remove ne>ly half ( ! cov]+s4 ,:5 he _h f9i%$ cutt+1 two ?91 pap]y %ells fell ^u ! table1 "o a size small] ?an ! o!r4 8,exam9e ! /uff ! wasp's ne/ is made (1 & tell me :at x is mo/ l1 boys10 he said4 8,x is m l pap] ?an any?+ else10 said ,tom4 8,x is pap]10 said 8 uncle4 8,:]e did ! wasps f9d ?is pap]80 ,frank ask$4 8,n #8wasps1' ,frank1 b wasp10 8 uncle answ]$1 8= ?is ne/ 0 all built by "o wasp4 ,! insect did n f9d ! pap]4 ,%e made x4 ,x 0 ! wasp :o fir/ taught man to make pap]4 8,! que5 wasp awak5s f h] w9t] sleep 9 spr+1 & at once sets ab\t mak+ h] ne/4 ,%e ga!rs t9y fragm5ts ( wood & b>k1 *ews !m up1 & mixes !m ) a fluid f h] m\?4 ,?is1 :5 x h>d5s1 is pap]4 8,fir/ %e makes a /iff rod1 or pill>1 ( pap]4 ,?is hangs d[n f ! bran* & =ms ! c5tre ( ! ne/4 ,r\nd ?is are built ! walls ( h] h\se4 8,obs]ve1 boys1 t !re are two di/9ct walls ( pap]1 "o inside ! o!r2 & !re is a wide air space betwe5 !m all ! way r\nd4 ,! entrance to ! ne/ is at ! bottom4 ,r\nd ! c5tre pill> !re is a little ?+ %ap$ l an op5$ umbrella4 ,if y look und]nea? ?is1 y w see some?+ curi\s1 ,i ?9k40 8,oh10 said ,frank1 8x is divid$ into six cells1 & 9 ea* cell !re is a small1 /\t maggot or grub4 ,i c see !m mov+40 8,^! are ! "y wasps10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,l y\r butt]flies & caddis flies1 ! wasp passes ?r\gh egg1 l>va 7or cat]pill>71 & pupa /age be=e x becomes a p]fect insect4 ,^! are 9 ! l>va /age b1 unlike y\r cat]pill>s1 !y h no legs1 & !y _c fe$ !mselves40 8,!n ! "m wasp mu/ h laid an egg 9 ea* cell10 said ,frank1 8& ^! grubs hat*$ out ( !m40 8,t is s10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,y see :at a clev] & indu/ri\s creature a wasp is4 ,to build ?is beautiful ne/ all alone & unaid$1 & to re> & fe$ h] helpless grubs1 is a task inde$40 8,:at are ! wasp grubs f$ on80 ask$ ,frank4 8,at fir/10 said ,uncle ,george1 8!y are f$ on animal food1 & ?is keeps ! que5 wasp hunt+ insects all day long4 ,z !y gr[ old]1 !y are f$ ^u honey4 ,illu/ration ,ne/ ( ,wasp 9 ,spr+4 ,a4 ,out] wall4 ,b4 ,inn] wall4 ,c4 ,air space4 ,d4 ,cells ) l>v4 ,same ,ne/ 9 ,autumn4 ,a4 ,combs ( cells4 ,b4 ,support+ pill>s4 ,c4 ,entrance4 ,,dd4 ,inn] & ,out] walls4 ,e4 ,air space4 8,! wasps :i* come f ^! fir/ eggs are #8work]' wasps4 ,z soon z !y are hat*$ out1 !y beg9 to enl>ge ! ne/4 ,?is !y d by remov+ ! inside wall & build+ a new & l>g] out] wall4 ,?is is done f "t to "t1 until at la/ ! ne/ becomes z big z an ord9>y-siz$ turnip4 ,:ile ?is is go+ on1 m & m cells are be+ built inside1 until at la/ five or six l>ge combs ( cells fill ! inside ( ! ne/4 ,! que5 wasp lays an egg 9 ea* cell z x is =m$2 & ! work] wasps ga!r food & nurse ! "y grubs until !y become p]fect wasps4 8,by & by "s "y que5s1 or female wasps1 are hat*$ out4 ,^! lay eggs1 & soon ! population ! pap] ne/ numb]s _m ?\s&s40 8,& t is :y ! g>d5] kills e wasp he sees 9 spr+ "t10 said ,frank4 8,e wasp we see 9 spr+10 said ,uncle ,george1 8is a que5 wasp4 ,if all[$ to live1 ea* que5 w\ld become ! f\nd] ( a ne/ & ! "m ( ?\s&s ( wasps40 8,b :y de/roy ! wasps80 ask$ ,tom4 8,because wasps are v de/ructive & dang]\s insects10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,!y de/roy our be/ fruit1 & _! /+ is poison\s1 sometimes caus+ dea?40 ,illu/ration3 ,wasp's ,ne/ inside ,wr5's ,ne/4 ,dur+ ! summ] ! boys f\nd sev]al wasp's ne/s4 ,"o 0 built "u-gr\nd at ! roadside4 ,ano!r 0 built inside a wr5's ne/4 ,! que5 wasp :o built x _h driv5 ! wr5s out4 ,a ?ird ne/ hung f ! bran* ( a gooseb]ry bu% 9 ! g>d54 ,illu/ration3 ,humble ,bees & ,ne/4 ,! latt] 0 wat*$ by ,uncle ,george & ! boys z x grew l>g] & l>g]4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 ! wasps became too num]\s4 ,"o day !y *as$ ,tom & ,frank out ( ! g>d5 & /ung !m badly4 ,!n ,uncle ,george remov$ ! ne/4 ,putt+ on 8 bee-veil & gloves1 he cut (f ! bran* f :i* ! ne/ hung4 ,he put ne/ & bran* inside a l>ge box2 &1 hav+ plac$ a sauc] conta9+ burn+ sulphur inside ! box1 he clos$ ! lid4 ,illu/ration3 ,ne/ ( ,tree ,wasp4 ,9 ! morn+ ! wasps 7 all dead1 & ! boys exam9$ ! huge ne/4 ,?us !y 7 able to see que5s1 work]s1 & male wasps1 eggs1 l>v1 & pup1 & to make draw+s ( ea*4 8,:at becomes ( ! wasps 9 w9t]80 ,frank ask$ 8 uncle4 8,!y come to a sad end1 ,frank10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,!y d n /ore food l ! hive bee1 & s1 :5 ! cold wea!r comes1 !y />ve to dea?4 ,illu/ration ,que5 ,humble ,bee4 ,work] ,humble ,bee4 8,our good-hum\r$ & h>d-work+ fri5d1 ! humble bee1 %>es ! same fate4 ,a few "y que5s leave ! ne/ be=e w9t] comes on4 ,^! bury !mselves 9 mossy banks & sleep ! w9t] ?r\gh40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,xi4 #a4 ,look "u l[ bran*es ( l>* & spruce trees 9 spr+ = ! ne/ ( ! wasp4 ,make a draw+ ( x4 ,cut x op5 & exam9e ! int]ior4 #b4 ,comp>e a piece ( ! wall ( ! ne/ ) ! torn edge ( 7#a7 a piece ( co>se br[n pap] & 7#b7 a piece ( ord9>y newspap]4 #c4 ,write out ! life-hi/ory ( a wasp4 #d4 ,comp>e ! combs ( ! hive bee ) ^? ( ! wasp4 ,notice t ! =m] are plac$ v]tically 9 ! ne/1 ! latt] horizontally4 ,obs]ve h[ ! wasp's combs are kept ap>t4 ,,xii4--,,! ,,d&elion4 ,uncle ,george & ! boys 7 hav+ a /roll along a lane :]e bri> & haw?orn & all sorts ( wild fl[]s grew4 ,al?\gh x 0 an ,octob] day ! sun 0 %9+ brightly1 & all along ! wayside ! gold5 fl[]s ( ! d&elion op5$ wide to ! sunlight4 8,i ?\ght t ! d&elion 0 an e>ly summ] fl[]10 said ,frank4 8,s x is10 said 8 uncle2 8b ?is ye> ! autumn has be5 s w>m t our d&elions are fl[]+ a second "t4 ,?is (t5 happ5s ) _m ( our wild fl[]s dur+ an extra mild season4 8,y ought to dig up "o ( ^! d&elion plants1 take x home & gr[ x 9 a pot4 ,x is a mo/ int]e/+ plant to obs]ve1 especially ! gr[? & rip5+ ( its se$s4 ,i see "h d&elion fl[]s 9 almo/ e /age ( _! gr[?4 8,if y look y w f9d among ! wide op5 fl[]-heads _m o!rs :i* are clos$4 ,let u split a few ( ^! d[n ! c5tre1 & we w f9d t !y are n all alike4 8,"h is "o ) a bright yell[ tip4 ,?is "o has n yet op5$4 ,if y use y\r l5s y w notice t1 l ! daisy1 ?is is n a s+le fl[]1 b is made up ( a great _m small yell[ florets4 ,^! florets /& ^u a flat r\nd disc1 & !y are surr\nd$ by two r+s ( gre5 ?+s call$ bracts4 ,"o set ( ^! bracts /&s up /raight4 ,^! protect ! florets4 ,!y op5 & close ! fl[]4 ,! d[n po9t+ bracts protect ! fl[] f ants & crawl+ insects4 ,illu/ration3 ,d&elion4 8,n[1 ,frank1 look at ! split fl[] & tell me :at y see ) y\r glass40 8,! florets are all ( "o k9d10 said ,frank4 8,!y are all /rap %ap$1 & !re are a great _m ( !m4 ,! y\ng] florets are 9 ! middle40 8,if y 7 to pull ! florets out & c\nt !m y w\ld f9d ab\t ?ree hundr$ ( !m 9 a s+le fl[]-head10 said ,uncle ,george4 ,illu/ration #a4 ,d&elion ,fl[]-head n yet op5$4 #b4 ,s+le ,floret ( same4 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,fl[]-head clos$ = ,se$ rip5+4 #f4 ,second "t ( op5+4 8,n[1 take "o s+le floret & exam9e x1 please4 ,x is v l ! out] 7:ite7 florets ( ! daisy4 ,b x is m complete4 ,!re is a l>ge se$-vessel at ! bottom4 ,j above ?is !re are a great numb] ( long silky hairs4 ,y w see :at ^! are = by & by4 ,! l[] "p ( ! floret is tubul>1 b x op5s up into a long yell[ /rap-%ap$ petal4 ,!re are really five petals all jo9$ toge!r "h40 8,oh yes10 said ,frank1 8at ! top ( ! floret ,i c see five di/9ct tee?1 & five ridges run d[n f !m4 ,i also see ! b>rel-%ap$ r+ ( /am5s40 8,let u ga!r "s m ( ! clos$ fl[]s10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,"h are two o!r clos$ fl[]s4 ,"o ( !m has a yell[ tip1 )]$ & fad$ almo/ to br[n4 ,! o!r has a :ite woolly tip40 8,h ^! n op5$ yet80 ,tom ask$4 8,oh yes6 !y h op5$ & clos$ up aga94 ,! d&elion op5s out to ! sun s t fly+ insects may visit x & c>ry poll5 f fl[] to fl[]4 ,:5 x has receiv$1 9 ?is way1 en\gh poll5 to enable its se$s to =m1 x closes up completely & rema9s clos$ until its se$s are rip5$4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! %ort /alk betwe5 ! se$-vessel & petal "p gr[s long4 ,if y look aga9 at a s+le floret y w see t ?is %ort /\t /ack be>s ! long /raight hairs ,i spoke (4 ,! fl[]-head closes s tightly t ! yell[ /rap-%ap$ petal p>ts ( ! florets are squeez$ toge!r into a bun*4 ,!y soon )]4 ,meantime all ! hair-tipp$ se$-/alks are gr[+ long] & long]4 ,at la/ !y pu% ! bun* ( )]$ petals "r out ( ! fl[] & x falls (f40 ,uncle ,george !n ga!r$ a few m clos$ heads1 &1 by cutt+ !m op51 %[$ ! boys all ! /ages 9 ! gr[? ( ! se$s4 8,:5 ! d&elion fl[]-head op5s = ! la/ "t1 in/ead ( a flat gold5 mass ( florets1 ?is is :at appe>s40 ,z he spoke1 ,uncle ,george po9t$ to a d&elion head :i* 0 "o huge fluffy ball ( /alk$ se$s4 ,frank held x up & blew 8 brea? ^u x4 ,imm$iately all ! se$s w5t sail+ ?r\gh ! air4 8,:y does ! fl[]-head keep clos$ :5 ! se$s are rip5+80 ask$ ,tom4 8,because10 answ]$ ,uncle ,george1 8n only has ! se$ to rip51 b a plum$ /alk has to be =m$ by means ( :i* ! se$ is c>ri$ away f ! p>5t plant4 ,^! plumes h to be p]fectly dry or !y w\ld be ( no use z sails to ! se$4 ,notice t x is only on dry days t ^! #8clocks' ( ! d&elion appe>40 8,b1 ,uncle ,george10 said ,frank1 8are ^! se$s actually fitt$ ) fea!ry tops s t !y may be c>ri$ f> away f ! p>5t plant80 8,c]ta9ly1 my boy4 ,y w\ld n h !m all try+ to gr[ 9 ! place :]e ! p>5t plant gr[s1 w\ld y8 ,!re w\ld be no room = ?ree hundr$ se$s to gr[ !re4 ,besides t1 ! p>5t plant has already exhau/$ ! soil4 ,x is necess>y t !y %\ld seek pa/ures new1 & !re=e ! se$s ( mo/ plants are furni%$ ) "s means ( travell+40 8,are all se$s c>ri$ by ! w9d80 ,tom ask$4 8,oh de> no10 ,uncle ,george repli$1 8plants h _m ways ( scatt]+ _! se$s4 ,"s plants1 by sudd5ly bur/+ _! se$-vessels1 %oot _! se$s f> out2 "s se$s are furni%$ ) little hooks :i* grip on to ! fur ( pass+ animals2 "s are c>ri$ by birds2 b by f> ! great] numb] are scatt]$ by ! w9d4 8,we %all le>n m ab\t ^! at "s future "t4 ,meantime we w gr[ a d&elion plant at home1 & wat* ! op5+ & clos+ ( its fl[]s1 & ! wond]ful way 9 :i* its travell+ se$s are produc$40 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,xii4 #a4 ,ga!r d&elion fl[]s at diff]5t /ages ( gr[?4 ,draw1 on a l>ge scale1 a s+le floret f ea*1 #b4 ,draw a leaf ( ! d&elion4 ,comp>e x ) a primrose leaf4 ,see if y c make out1 f ! %ape ( ! leaf1 :y ! plant is call$ 8d&elion0 7d5t de lion 8lion's too?074 #c4 ,take 9 a d&elion plant be>+ "y fl[]s4 ,keep ! root 9 well-wat]$ soil1 or 9 wat] only1 & wat* ! gr[? ( its fl[]s4 #d4 ,make a li/ ( all ! w9d-c>ri$ se$s y "k1 & give a draw+ or %ort description ( ea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tr\t ,,xiii4--,,tr\t4 ,"o day 9 ,novemb] ! po/man br\ght ,uncle ,george a small wood5 box4 ,!re 7 holes bor$ 9 ! sides & top ( x4 ,! box1 :5 op5$1 seem$ to be fill$ ) damp moss2 b :5 "s ( ?is moss 0 remov$ !re 0 f\nd 9 ! middle ( ! box a piece ( fold$ musl94 ,illu/ration ,hat*+ ,bottle4 ,a4 ,supply pipe4 ,b4 ,exhau/ pipe4 ,c4 ,tr\t ,eggs4 ,re>+ ,box4 ,c4 ,p]=at$ z9c tray to fit box4 ,uncle ,george laid ! musl9 on ! table1 & op5$ x out4 ,x conta9$ a numb] ( t9y p9k balls1 mu* small] ?an peas4 8,^! are ! tr\t eggs y promis$ to get = u1 are !y n80 said ,frank4 8,!y are10 said ,uncle ,george1 8& we mu/ put !m into runn+ wat] at once4 ,i h a bottle "h ready = !m40 ,uncle ,george fill$ a wide-m\!d bottle ) wat] f ! tap & plac$ ! eggs 9 x4 ,he !n cork$ x ) a cork 9 :i* he _h bor$ two holes4 ,into ea* ( ! holes he _h fitt$ a tube4 ,"o tube 0 long en\gh to rea* almo/ to ! bottom ( ! bottle4 ,! o!r 0 b5t ov] ! outside ( ! bottle4 ,! /raight tube 0 connect$ ) ! wat] tap by a piece ( indi>ubb] tub+4 ,he !n turn$ ! tap on g5tly1 s t ! wat] w5t 9 by ! /raight tube & came dripp+ out by ! b5t tube4 8,tr\t require a con/ant supply ( fre% wat]10 he said4 8,_! eggs are usually laid 9 %all[ /reams4 8,n[1 boys1 ,i want y to wat* ^! eggs & note d[n any *anges y see 9 !m4 ,y c remove ! bottle f ! tap at any "t1 b y mu/ n keep x m ?an fifte5 m9utes at a "t1 or y\r tr\t w n hat*40 ,at ! end ( a week ! boys notic$ two black dots & a coil$ :ite l9e 9 ea* egg4 ,9 two weeks m "s curi\s-look+ creatures 7 se5 wriggl+ ab\t among ! eggs4 ,z !re 7 "s empty egg-sk9s to be se51 !y guess$ t ^! lively creatures mu/ be "y tr\t4 ,!y 7 n a bit l fi%4 ,ea* seem$ to be made up ( a long :ite /reak1 :i* look$ l ! 8backbone0 ( a fi%1 a big1 clumsy yell[ bag ) r$ ve9s runn+ ?r\gh x1 & two l>ge black spots t look$ l eyes4 ,9 a few days all ! eggs hat*$ out1 & 9 place ( ! little p9k eggs !re 0 a cr[d ( ^! wriggl+ creatures & a numb] ( empty egg-sk9s4 ,! boys 7 puzzl$1 & ,uncle ,george _h to be consult$4 ,illu/ration3 ,six ,/ages 9 ,developm5t ( ,tr\t4 8,i don't ?9k ^! 7 tr\t eggs10 said ,frank4 8,! creatures t came out ( !m are n a bit l fi%es4 ,!y swim on _! sides & h a huge yell[ bag atta*$ to _! bodies40 8,!y are "y tr\t1 ,i c assure y1 ,frank10 said 8 uncle laugh+4 8,if y rememb]1 y\r tadpoles 7 n a bit l frogs :5 !y hat*$ out ( ! egg4 ,^! huge bags y talk ( are call$ #8yolks4' ,ea* tr\t :5 hat*$ is furni%$ ) a huge yolk or food supply4 8,! tadpole1 :5 hat*$1 has also got a yolk ^u :i* he lives )\t eat+ = f\r or five days4 ,our tr\t w require no food = six weeks4 ,dur+ t "t ! yolk w become small] & small]1 & at la/ disappe> entirely4 ,:ile ! yolk is %r9k+1 y w notice t ! creature gradually assumes ! =m ( a fi%40 ,uncle ,george empti$ ! bottle conta9+ ! "y tr\t into a wood5 box :i* he _h made4 ,?is box 0 fifte5 in*es long1 f\r in*es broad1 & f\r in*es deep4 ,! inside ( x he _h *>r$ ) a r$-hot iron aft] x 0 put toge!r4 ,x 0 plac$ "u ! tap1 & ! wat] dripp$ into x all day & all night4 ,frank made a small gauze net ab\t ! size ( a dess]t-spoon1 & ) ?is !y lift$ tr\tlets out ( ! box :5ev] !y want$ to exam9e !m4 ,z _! uncle _h said1 ! creatures *ang$ f day to day4 ,by plac+ a s+le tr\t 9 a :ite sauc]1 ! boys c\ld note ^! *anges2 b !y 7 su* lively little creatures t mak+ good sket*es ( !m 0 some:at difficult4 ,fir/ ! big black dots became m l eyes4 ,!n delicate f9s & tail appe>$1 & m\?s :i* op5$ & %ut4 ,at ! top ( ! yolk-sac1 j "u ! head1 ! boys c\ld see a little r$ ?+ l a he>t beat+ con/antly4 ,z ! yolk-sac grew small]1 ! little fi%'s body grew m %apely1 & t9y br[n spots appe>$ all ov] x4 ,at la/1 at ! end ( six weeks1 ! yolk 0 completely gone1 & ! "y tr\t 7 n[ beautiful little fi%1 %ap$ & col\r$ exactly l big tr\t4 ,!n ,uncle ,george began to fe$ !m4 ,!y 7 f$ f\r times a day on ! yolk ( an egg :i* _h be5 boil$ = half an h\r4 ,a v small quantity ( ?is h>d yolk 0 squeez$ ?r\gh a piece ( gauze into ! wat]1 & ! little fi%es da%$ at x & gobbl$ x up gre$ily4 ,!y 7 s rapid 9 _! movem5ts1 swimm+ ab\t & leap+ out ( ! wat]1 t ! boys 7 nev] tir$ ( wat*+ !m4 8,:at are ! br[n spots on a tr\t =80 ,frank ask$ 8 uncle "o day4 8,! tr\t is protect$ by 8 col\r10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,ea* tr\t is col\r$ l ! b$ ( ! /ream he lives 91 & ! spots resemble gra9s ( s& & t9y pebbles4 ,! tr\t c *ange 8 col\r1 l ! frog1 z ,i w %[ y40 ,uncle ,george took two tr\t out ( ! box & plac$ !m 9 a glass di%4 ,he plac$ ! di% 9 a :ite sauc]1 & s arrang$ x t wat] 0 kept fl[+ into & out ( x4 ,next day he took two m tr\t out ( ! box & plac$ !m 9 ! glass di%4 ,x 0 !n se5 t ! fir/ two tr\t _h gr[n q light 9 col\r4 ,!y 7 mu* pal] ?an ^? tak5 out ( ! box1 ! inside ( :i* 0 *>r$ & black4 ,"o day ,uncle ,george f\nd two ( ! tr\t dead 9 ! box4 8,i am afraid1 boys10 he said1 8t we _c keep !m conf9$ any long]4 ,get a l>ge pail full ( wat]1 & we w c>ry !m to ! brook40 8,we mu/ come "h & fi% next ye>1 ,frank10 said ,tom1 aft] ! tr\t 7 transf]r$ to ! brook4 8,h[ long w x be be=e !y become big tr\t1 ,uncle ,george80 8,!y are n[ ab\t an in* long10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,9 a ye> !y w be f\r in*es long4 ,9 ab\t ?ree ye>s1 if !y are n dev\r$ by l>g] tr\t1 !y w weigh ab\t a p\nd apiece40 8,i ?9k x is a %ame to kill su* pretty little creatures10 said ,frank4 8,i q agree ) y1 ,frank10 said 8 uncle4 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,xiii4 #a4 ,comp>e a newly-hat*$ tr\t ) a se$ 7bean74 ,h[ d !y resemble1 & h[ d !y diff] f "o ano!r8 #b4 ,! tr\t is protect$ by its col\r m>k+s4 ,make a li/ ( any o!r animals y "k t are 8col\r protect$40 #c4 ,if y put a fi% 7tr\t7 into wat] :i* has be5 boil$ & all[$ to cool1 x dies4 ,:at are y\r reasons = ?is8 #d4 ,make notes1 ) sket*es1 ( ! developm5t ( a "y tr\t f ! "t x is hat*$ until x requires food4 ,,xiv4--,,silkworms4 ,! silkworm eggs came 9 a v small box4 ,!y 7 s5t by a fri5d ( ,uncle ,george's :o liv$ 9 ! s\? ( ,engl&4 ,! eggs 7 /uck to pieces ( pap] 9 scatt]$ gr\ps4 ,"s pieces ( pap] _h only "o or two eggs on !m1 o!rs _h z _m z =ty4 ,!y 7 small1 r\nd ?+s1 flatt5$ on ! top1 & col\r$ light gre54 ,!y rem9d$ ! boys ( small mu/>d se$s1 b !y 7 n s r\nd4 ,9 answ] to ,frank's "q z to :y ! eggs 7 laid 9 irregul> gr\ps1 ,uncle ,george answ]$3 8,:5 ! silk-mo? em]ges f h] pupa case1 %e lays h] eggs any:]e on ! floor ( h] cage4 ,z ! eggs are coat$ ) a gluey mat]ial :5 newly laid1 !y /ick firmly to ! floor4 8,^? p :o re> silkworms always h a %eet ( clean pap] cov]+ ! floor ( ! cage be=e egg-lay+ comm5ces4 ,aft] ! eggs are laid1 !y are f\nd adh]+ to ?is %eet ( pap]4 ,! pap] is tak5 out ( ! l>va cage1 & ^? p>ts conta9+ eggs are cut out ) scissors40 8,h[ _m eggs are laid by "o mo?10 ,frank ask$4 8,f f\r to five hundr$10 8 uncle repli$4 8,let u get our l>va cage clean$ out1 & we w put ^! eggs 9 ! l[] "p ( x & await _! hat*+40 8,:y 9 ! l[] "p10 ,frank ask$1 z he set ab\t clean+ ! cage4 8,because its floor is a draw] :i* c be pull$ out4 ,if y put !m 9 ! upp] "p1 y mu/ lay a %eet ( pap] on ! floor fir/1 = y\r silkworms mu/ n be h&l$ on any acc\nt40 8,& h[ long d we h to wait = ^! eggs to hat*80 ask$ ,tom4 ,illu/ration3 ,l>va ,case4 8,t dep5ds altoge!r ^u ! am\nt ( w>m? !y receive1 ,tom4 ,!y w rema9 unhat*$ ev] s long if kept 9 a cool place2 b :5ev] !y are plac$ :]e !y c get ! necess>y am\nt ( w>m?1 !y beg9 to hat*4 ,let u put !m 9 ! front w9d[1 :]e !y c get mo/ sun%9e40 ,ab\t a week aft] ! l>va cage 0 plac$ 9 ! w9d[1 ,frank report$ to 8 uncle t "s ( ! eggs _h turn$ :ite4 8,take y\r l5s & exam9e c>efully ^? eggs :i* h lo/ _! col\r10 said ,uncle ,george4 ,lift+ out "o ( ! small pieces ( pap] ) eggs on x1 ,frank exam9$ x ) ! glass4 8,oh10 he said1 8^! col\rless eggs are j empty %ells1 & !re are two small creatures crawl+ along ! edge ( ! pap]4 ,h[ small !y are6 ,!y are no long] ?an ! bread? ( a p9-head4 ,!y are almo/ black 9 col\r1 cov]$ all ov] ) hair1 & h v l>ge heads40 8,well1 ^! are newly-hat*$ silkworms10 said ,uncle ,george1 8& !y are already look+ = food4 ,run out to ! g>d5 & br+ 9 "s fre% lettuce leaves40 ,uncle ,george c>efully dri$ ! lettuce leaves be=e putt+ !m into ! cage4 ,9 two days all ! eggs 7 hat*$1 & 9 _! place 7 z _m black1 hairy1 crawl+ little creatures ) clumsy heads4 ,al?\gh !y did n seem to eat mu*1 !y grew v rapidly4 ,:5 ?ree days old1 !y 7 fully twice z big z :5 hat*$4 ,9 five days ! silkworms seem$ to h increas$ 9 numb] z well z 9 size4 ,9 fact1 !re seem$ to be twice z _m grubs z !re 7 ( eggs4 ,!n ,uncle ,george expla9$ t half ( ^! 7 n grubs1 b simply empty sk9s4 8,! silkworm1 9 ord] to gr[1 mu/ ca/ its sk910 he said4 8,x does ?is f\r times dur+ its lifetime4 ,look out = ano!r m\lt1 or sk9-ca/+1 9 f\r days' "t40 ,f\r days lat] ! grubs ca/ _! sk9s aga91 j z ,uncle ,george _h said4 ,!y 7 n[ ab\t half an in* 9 l5g?1 & mu* light] 9 col\r4 ,9 six fur!r days !y m\lt$ a ?ird "t4 ,in/ead ( d+y1 hairy grubs1 !y 7 n[ hairless cat]pill>s1 yell[i%-:ite 9 col\r1 & ) r\nd black heads4 ,_! f\r? & la/ m\lt took place 9 ano!r week4 ,by ?is "t !y 7 ov] an in* 9 l5g?4 ,!y n[ began to eat ! lettuce leaves rav5\sly1 & grew v fa/4 ,= t5 days !y ate mu* & grew rapidly4 ,!n !y seem$ to get tir$ ( fe$+1 & began to crawl lazily up ! sides ( _! cage4 ,illu/ration3 ,silk ,mo?4 #a4 ,eggs4 #b4 ,l>va4 #c4 ,silk ,cocoon4 #d4 ,*rysalis4 8,!y are full gr[n n[1 boys10 said ,uncle ,george1 8& w soon beg9 to sp9 _! silk5 cocoons4 8,!y are n[ ab\t ?ree in*es long1 & v diff]5t f ! t9y hairy grubs :i* came out ( ! eggs ov] a mon? ago40 8,we h be5 comp>+ draw+s ( !m ) draw+s we made ( ! cat]pill> ( ! :ite cabbage butt]fly10 said ,frank1 8& we f9d t !y are v mu* alike40 8,t is good10 said ,uncle ,george4 8,!y are1 inde$1 v mu* alike4 ,! body is made up ( ?irte5 segm5ts1 & !y h ! same numb] ( legs4 ,!y diff] f ! cabbage cat]pill>1 h[ev]1 9 size & col\r4 ,notice ! little horn :i* /icks up out ( ! twelf? segm5t4 ,y\r cabbage cat]pill> did n h t4 ,if y look closely y w notice a long silk ?read issu+ f ! head ( "o ( ^! silk-sp9n+ cat]pill>s4 ,?is "o has j begun to make 8 cocoon2 &1 9 ord] to prev5t 8 ?reads becom+ entangl$ ) ^? ( ! o!r cat]pill>s1 ,i w place ?is small pap] cone ov] him40 ,next day ,uncle ,george cov]$ sev]al ( ! cat]pill>s ) pap] cones4 ,on ! ro( ( ! cage ! boys saw "o cat]pill> surr\nd$ ) a flimsy web ( silk ( a gold5-yell[ col\r4 ,z !y wat*$ ! creature turn+ its head r\nd & r\nd inside ! silky veil1 _! uncle told !m t ! creature 0 sp9n+ silk at ! rate ( ab\t a foot p] m9ute4 ,9 ?ree days ea* cat]pill> _h surr\nd$ itself ) a d5se silk5 cocoon z l>ge z a walnut4 ,!n ,uncle ,george took "o ( ! cocoons1 &1 cutt+ x op51 %[$ ! boys ! br[n1 %9+ *rysalis inside4 ,he took ano!r cocoon1 &1 hav+ dipp$ x into w>m wat]1 began to w9d ! silk5 ?read on to a piece ( c>d4 ,bo? ,frank & ,tom 7 amaz$ at ! l5g? ( ?is silk5 ?read4 ,!y 7 m surpris$ :5 !y 7 told t ea* cat]pill> produces a silk ?read m ?an half a mile long4 8,tell u1 please1 ,uncle ,george10 said ,frank1 8:y ! creature sp9s all ?is silk1 & h[ x makes x80 8,y are ask+ a difficult "q10 said 8 uncle1 8b ,i w tell y some?+ ab\t x4 ,illu/ration ,s4 ,silk ,fibres4 ,w4 ,wool4 ,c4 ,cotton4 7,all highly magnifi$47 8,! creature sp9s ?is cocoon to protect its *rysalis1 ( c\rse4 ,! silk is produc$ 9 two long1 coil$ tubes1 :i* occupy ne>ly ! :ole l5g? ( ! creature's body4 8,silk1 be=e x issues f ! cat]pill>'s body1 is a fluid4 ,:5ev] x comes out into ! air1 x becomes horny4 ,two /r&s are produc$ at once--"o f ea* ( ! long coil$ tubes4 ,be=e !y leave ! cat]pill>'s body !y are press$ toge!r to =m "o flat1 ribbon-l ?read4 ,silk is "o ( ! /ronge/ fibres 9 ! _w4 ,x is ne>ly z /rong z /eel1 & mu* /rong] ?an _m ( our metals4 8,9 a =tnight y\r silk5 cocoons w produce :ite1 fluffy mo?s4 #8,!n y c supply y\r fri5ds ) hundr$s ( #8silkworm' eggs1 & /ill h en\gh ov] to /ock y\r l>va cage40 ,illu/ration3 ,silk ,mo?s--,male & ,female4 ,ex]cises on ,lesson ,,xiv4 #a4 ,are 8silkworms0 really worms8 ,:at creatures d !y mo/ resemble8 #b4 ,_m ( our common cat]pill>s sp9 silk ( a k9d4 ,take 9 8woolly be>0 cat]pill>s4 ,fe$ !m on ! plants y f9d !m on4 ,comp>e ! cocoons !y make ) ^? ( ! 8silkworm40 #c4 ,comp>e egg1 l>va1 pupa1 & p]fect insect ( ! 8silkworm0 ) t ( ! :ite cabbage butt]fly4 ,does ! cat]pill> ( ! latt] sp9 any silk8 #d4 ,make a li/ ( all ! sp9n+ insects y "k1 & try to expla9 ! use ( ! 8silk0 ?read 9 ea* case4 ,,app5dix4 ,,h9ts ,,to ,,tea*]s4 ,,/ructure ,,( ,,/ems4--,"o- & two-ye>-old twigs ( horse-*e/nut1 elm1 & will[ %\ld be cut into half-in* l5g?s & di/ribut$ among ! class4 ,if cut /raight across ) a %>p p5-knife1 ! diff]5t lay]s c be se5 ) ! nak$ eye4 ,aft]w>ds ^! pieces %\ld be slit longitud9ally1 & ! v>i\s tissues peel$ (f by ! pupils4 ,,bulbs ,,& ,,corms4--,bulbs ( sn[drop & tulip1 & corms ( crocus1 c be b\ght f se$sm51 f ,septemb] to ,janu>y1 at f #f;d4 to #as4 p] #ajj4 ,at any o!r season ( ! ye> ! onion w make a good sub/itute4 ,,will[ ,,twigs w root readily if plac$ 9 wat] & kept ne> ! hot pipes 9 s*ool4 ,,vegetable ,,f+]s4--,to illu/rate ?is lesson1 peas 7( any k9d7 ought to be gr[n 9 s*ool4 ,bran*es ( ! _m wild peas & vet*es are to be f\nd 9 abundance 9 e h$g][ dur+ spr+1 summ]1 & autumn4 ,bran*es ( ,virg9ia creep]1 clematis1 tropolum 7,indian cress7 may be %[n ) advantage4 ,! comp\nd leaves ( ! rose1 a%1 or m\nta9 a% %\ld be %[n along ) ^? ( sweet-pea & edible pea1 & ! am\nt ( gre5 7assimilat+7 area comp>$4 ,,! ,,great ,,wat] ,,beetle is f\nd 9 ne>ly e pond4 ,"o or two %\ld be kept & f$ ^u small worms4 ,^! beetles c also be obta9$ f any naturali/ deal]4 ,! l>v ( ?is beetle is f\nd 9 ponds 9 summ] mon?s4 8,,wat] ,,boatman0 ,,beetles 7notonecta & corrixa7 are common to all our ponds4 ,,plant ,,arm\r4--,bran*es ( :91 bramble1 haw?orn1 & b>b]ry1 & leaves ( holly1 ?i/le1 & nettle w be f\nd to illu/rate ?is lesson4 ,"y :9 plants are to be f\nd pl5tifully 9 spr+1 gr[+ "u ! old bu%es4 ,"o ( ^! %\ld be gr[n 9 a pot 9 s*ool & kept well wat]$4 ,x w produce no prickles4 ,,tr\t ,,eggs are obta9able f any ( ! fi%]ies--e4g41 ,h[iet\n ,fi%]ies1 ,/irl+1 or ,solway ,fi%]ies1 ,dumfries1 at ab\t #as4 p] #ajj1 f ,octob] till ,april4 ,!y are easily hat*$ & re>$ :]ev] runn+ wat] c be obta9$4 ,if n hat*$ 9 a bottle1 z describ$ 9 ,lesson ,,xiii41 ! ova ought to be plac$ 9 a %all[ tr\gh ( p]=at$ z9c susp5d$ 9 a small wood5 box4 ,! inside ( ! box mu/ be *>r$ ) a r$-hot iron to prev5t fungal gr[?s4 ,:5 ! yolk-sac is completely absorb$1 ! "y tr\t %\ld be f$ on yolk ( h>d-boil$ egg1 &1 lat] on1 on a mixture ( ?is & *opp$ raw beef4 ,9 ea* case ! food %\ld be squeez$ ?r\gh p]=at$ z9c4 8,,silkworms40--,eggs ( ! silk-be>+ mo? 7,bombex ,mori7 c be _h f ,messrs ,watk9s ,donca/]1 #cf ,/r&1 ,london1 & o!r deal]s1 at #d;d4 & #f;d4 p] #ajj4 ,! l>va %\ld be f$ on mulb]ry or lettuce leaves1 & ! leaves %\ld nev] be giv5 wet4 ,cat]pill>s ( ,tig] ,mo? 7,arctia caja71 ,emp]or ,mo? 7,saturnia c>p9i71 or ,puss ,mo? 7,c]ura v9ula7 %\ld be kept = comp>ison4 ,footnotes #a,see ,book ,,iii4 ,lesson #c4 #b;,dyticus ,m>g9alis4 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,by ,,?omas ,,nelson ,,& ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 ,! foll[+ ,li/ gives a r\gh idea ( ! ma9 ,cont5ts 9 ea* ,volume ( ?is ,s]ies3-- ,vol4 ,i4 ,jack ,fro/1 ,woods & ,fields 9 ,spr+1 ,holly & ,fir1 ,! ,rook1 ,*icks1 ,h$gehog1 ,beetle1 ,humble ,bee4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,s[+ ! ,se$1 ,life ( a ,plant1 ,a ,c\ntry ,walk1 ,h>ve/ ,"t1 ,gulls1 ,squirrels1 ,air1 ,fire1 ,dew1 ,ra91 etc4 ,vol4 ,,iii4 ,birds--,se$ ,eat]s & ,insect ,eat]s1 ,a ,baby ,plant1 ,uncle ,george's ,tank1 ,tadpoles1 ,frogs4 ,vol4 ,,iv4 ,sn[drop1 ,crocus1 ,tulip1 ,daisies1 ,wat]-beetle1 ,life ( a ,tr\t1 ,silkworms1 ,*aff9*1 ,song ,?ru%4 ,vol4 ,v4 ,"s ,briti% ,=e/ ,trees--,oak1 ,a%1 ,horse-*e/nut1 ,elm1 ,bir*1 ,will[1 ,bee*1 ,! ,fir ,tribe4 ,vol4 ,,vi4 ,bats1 ,field-mice1 ,! ,wat]-vole1 ,mole1 ,weasel1 ,reptiles1 ,newts1 ,/ickle-backs1 ,crayfi%1 etc4 ,vol4 ,,vii4 ,butt]flies & ,mo?s1 & h[ to collect !m1 ,cat]pill>s1 ,beetles1 ,flies1 etc4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes --,reta9$ publication in=mation f ! pr9t$ exempl> 7?is e,book is 9 ! public doma9 9 ! c\ntry ( publication47 --,only 9 ! text v]sions1 delimit$ italiciz$ text ) und]scores4 --,sil5tly correct$ sev]al typos4