,transcriber's ,notes3 ,superscripted characters are preceded by a caret symbol3 ye4 ,italic text is enclosed in underscores4 ,other notes may be found at the end of this e,book4 ,,caricature ,,and ,,satire ,,on ,,napoleon ,i4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,works ,,by ,,john ,,ashton4 ,a ,,history ,,of ,,the ,,chap-,,books ,,of ,,the ,,eighteenth ,,century4 ,with nearly #djj ,illustrations1 engraved in facsimile of the originals4 ,crown #hvo4 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,social ,,life ,,in ,,the ,,reign ,,of ,,queen ,,anne4 ,from ,original ,sources4 ,with nearly #ajj ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,,humour1 ,,wit1 ,,and ,,satire ,,of ,,the ,,seventeenth ,,century4 ,with nearly #ajj ,illustrations4 ,crown #hvo4 cloth extra1 #gs4 #f;d4 ,london3 ,,chatto ,,windus1 ,piccadilly4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,exile4 ,a ,,sketch ,,from ,,life ,,at ,,longwood4 ,,april #ahbj4 ,,english ,,caricature ,,and ,,satire ,,on ,,napoleon ,i4 ,,by ,,john ,,ashton ,,author ,,of #8,,social ,,life ,,in ,,the ,,reign ,,of ,,queen ,,anne' ,,etc4 ,illustration ,,with #aae ,,illustrations ,,by ,,the ,,author ,,in ,,two ,,volumes--,,vol4 ,i4 ,london ,,chatto ,,windus1 ,,piccadilly #ahhd ,all rights reserved ,,london3 ,,printed ,,by ,,spottiswoode ,,and ,,co41 ,,new-,,street ,,square ,,and ,,parliament ,,street ,,preface4 ,this book is not intended to be a ,history of ,napoleon the ,first1 but simply to reproduce the bulk of the ,caricatures and ,satires published in ,england on our great enemy1 with as much of history as may help to elucidate them4 ,the majority of the caricatures are humorous2 others are silly1 or spiteful--as will occasionally happen nowadays2 and some are too coarse for reproduction--so that a careful selection has had to be made4 ,gillray and ,rowlandson generally signed their names to the work of their hands2 but1 wherever a caricature occurs unsigned by the artist1 ,i have attributed it1 on the authority of the late ,edward ,hawkins1 ,esq41 some time ,keeper of the ,prints at the ,british ,museum1 to whatever artist he has assigned it4 ,i have personally inspected every engraving herein described1 and the description is entirely my own4 ,should there1 by chance1 be an occasional discrepancy as to a date1 it has been occasioned by the inconceivable contradictions which occur in different histories and newspapers4 ,to cite an instance3 in three different books are given three different dates of ,napoleon leaving ,elba1 and it was only by the knowledge that it occurred on a ,sunday1 and by consulting an almanac for the year #ahae1 that ,i was able absolutely to determine it4 ,the frontispiece is taken from a very rare print1 and gives a novel view of ,napoleon to us1 who are always accustomed to see him represented in military uniform4 ,that my readers may find some instruction1 mingled with the amusement ,i have provided for them1 is the earnest wish of ,,john ,,ashton4 ,,contents ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,volume4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,page ,,birth ,,and ,,genealogy--,,his ,,own ,,account--,,majorcan ,,or ,,greek ,,extraction--,,english ,,biographies #a ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,descent ,,from ,,the ,,man ,,in ,,the ,,iron ,,mask--,,anagrams1 ,,etc41 ,,on ,,his ,,name--,,the ,,beast ,,of ,,the ,,apocalypse--,,his ,,mother',s ,,account ,,of ,,his ,,birth #g ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,count ,,marb,,uf1 ,,his ,,putative ,,father--,,poverty ,,of ,,the ,,bonaparte ,,family--,,early ,,personal ,,description ,,of ,,napoleon--,,his ,,own ,,account ,,of ,,himself--,,satirists' ,,narration ,,of ,,his ,,school-,,days #ae ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,napoleon ,,at ,,the ,,cole ,,militaire--,,personal ,,description--,,puss ,,in ,,boots--,,visit ,,to ,,corsica--,,solicits ,,service ,,in ,,england-- ,,reported ,,visit ,,to ,,london--,,siege ,,of ,,toulon #bb ,,chapter ,v4 ,,napoleon',s ,,promotion--,,his ,,poverty--,,junot',s ,,kindness--,,revolt ,,of ,,the ,,sections--,,napoleon',s ,,share ,,therein--,,made ,,general ,,of ,,the ,,interior--,,introduction ,,to ,,josephine--,,sketch ,,of ,,her ,,life #bi ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,josephine',s ,,dress ,,and ,,personal ,,appearance--,,her ,,reputed ,,connection ,,with ,,barras--,,marriage ,,with ,,napoleon--,,her ,,tastes ,,and ,,disposition #cf ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,napoleon ,,made ,,commander-,,in-,,chief ,,of ,,the ,,army ,,of ,,italy--,,his ,,short ,,honeymoon--,,his ,,first ,,victory--,,state ,,of ,,the ,,french ,,army--,,the ,,italian ,,campaign--,,french ,,descent ,,on ,,ireland--,,its ,,result-- ,,state ,,of ,,england #dc ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,napoleon ,,despoils ,,italy ,,of ,,her ,,works ,,of ,,art--,,the ,,siege ,,of ,,mantua --,w,,rmser',s ,,surrender--,,earliest ,,english ,,caricature ,,of ,,napoleon --,,invasion ,,of ,,england--,,landing ,,in ,,pembrokeshire--,,nelson',s ,,receipt ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,olla ,,podrida--#8,,the ,,army ,,of ,,england' #dh ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,caricatures ,,about ,,the ,,french ,,invasion--,,fox',s ,,french ,,proclivities --,,patriotism ,,in ,,the ,,country--,,expedition ,,to ,,egypt--,,nelson',s ,,blunders--,,landing ,,in ,,egypt--,,napoleon ,,as ,a ,,mahometan--,,his ,,proclamations #ed ,,chapter ,x4 ,,conduct ,,of ,,french ,,soldiery--,,napoleon',s ,,hatred ,,of ,,england--,,the ,,egyptian ,,campaign--,,destruction ,,of ,,the ,,mamelukes--,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,nile--,,tardy ,,news ,,thereof #fd ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,reception ,,of ,,the ,,news ,,of ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,nile--,,nelson ,,sends ,,french ,,admiral',s ,,sword ,,to ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,london--,,various ,,caricatures ,,on ,,the ,,battle--,,typical ,,john ,,bull #fi ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,revolt ,,and ,,massacre ,,at ,,cairo--,,caricatures ,,of ,,the ,,capture ,,of ,,french ,,ships--,,fighting ,,for ,,the ,,dunghill1 ,,etc4--,,price ,,of ,,bread ,,and ,,consols ,,in #agih #gg ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,reported ,,attempt ,,to ,,assassinate ,,napoleon--,,his ,,amour ,,with ,,madame ,,four,s--,,the ,,egyptian ,,campaign--,,the #8,,savants'--,,caricatures ,,on ,,them #hb ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,taking ,,of ,,jaffa1 ,,and ,,massacre ,,of ,,soldiers--,,de ,,bourrienne',s ,,account--,,napoleon',s ,,own ,,version #hh ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,the ,,massacre ,,at ,,jaffa1 continued--,,english ,,evidence ,,thereon-- ,,siege ,,of ,,st4 ,,jean ,d',,acre--,,capture ,,of ,,napoleon',s ,,battering ,,train --,,failure ,,of ,,the ,,siege1 ,,and ,,retreat ,,to ,,jaffa #ie ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,retreat ,,from ,,jaffa--,,poisoning ,,of ,,five ,,hundred ,,soldiers-- ,,different ,,english ,,authorities ,,thereon--,,napoleon',s ,,own ,,story1 ,,also ,,those ,,of ,,las ,,cases ,,and ,o',,meara--,,retreat ,,to ,,cairo #ajj ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,old ,r,,gime ,,and ,,the ,,republicans--,,the #8,,incroyables'--,,napoleon ,,leaves ,,egypt--,,his ,,reasons ,,for ,,so ,,doing--,,feeling ,,of ,,the ,,army --,,accused ,,of ,,taking ,,with ,,him ,,the ,,military ,,chest #aji ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,napoleon',s ,,arrival ,,in ,,paris--,,his ,,popularity--,,dissolution ,,of ,,the ,,council ,,of ,,five ,,hundred--,,graphic ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,scene-- ,,napoleon1 ,,si,,yes1 ,,and ,,ducos ,,named ,,consuls #aag ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,,napoleon ,,takes ,,the ,,lead--,,si,,yes ,,and ,,ducos ,,are ,,deposed-- ,,cambac,r,s ,,and ,,lebrun ,,named ,,second ,,and ,,third ,,consuls-- ,,napoleon',s ,,letter ,,to ,,george ,,the ,,third--,,reply ,,to ,,same #abc ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,,battle ,,of ,,marengo--,,death ,,of ,,desaix--,,said ,,to ,,have ,,been ,,assassinated--,,napoleon',s ,,love ,,for ,,him--,,soup ,,kitchens ,,at ,,paris --,,lavish ,,expenditure ,,of ,,napoleon',s ,,generals #abi ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,,plots ,,against ,,napoleon',s ,,life--,,that ,,of ,,october #aj1 #ahjj--,,that ,,of ,,december #bd1 #ahjj--,,number ,,of ,,people ,,killed ,,and ,,injured-- ,,napoleon',s ,,portrait #acf ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,,general ,,fast--,,adulteration1 ,,and ,,compulsory ,,sale ,,of ,,stale ,,bread --,,war ,,in ,,egypt--,,the ,,boulogne ,,flotilla--,,negotiations ,,for ,,peace--,,ratification ,,of ,,preliminaries--,,reception ,,in ,,england-- ,,general ,,rejoicings #ada ,,chapter ,,xxiii4 ,,the ,,peace ,,of ,,amiens--,,cession ,,of ,,trinidad ,,and ,,ceylon-- ,,international ,,visits--,,fox',s ,,trip ,,to ,,france1 ,,and ,,reception ,,by ,,napoleon #aej ,,chapter ,,xxiv4 ,,lord ,,whitworth ,,as ,,plenipotentiary--,,his ,,equipage--,,english ,,visit ,,paris--,,unsettled ,,feeling--,,napoleon ,,behaves ,,rudely ,,to ,,lord ,,whitworth #afj ,,chapter ,,xxv4 ,,general ,,uneasiness--,,caricatures ,,thereon--,,addington',s ,,nepotism --,,napoleon',s ,,discourtesy ,,to ,,lord ,,whitworth--,,trial ,,of ,,jean ,,peltier #afh ,,chapter ,,xxvi4 ,,the ,,ultimatum--,,lord ,,whitworth ,,leaves ,,paris--,,declaration ,,of ,,war--,,caricatures ,,previous ,,thereto--,,surrender ,,of ,,hanover #age ,,chapter ,,xxvii4 ,,patriotic ,,handbills #ahc ,,chapter ,,xxviii4 ,,attempt ,,at ,,mediation ,,by ,,russia--,,martial ,,enthusiasm ,,in ,,england-- ,,enrolment ,,of ,,volunteers--,,patriotic ,,handbills ,,and ,,songs #aib ,,chapter ,,xxix4 ,,patriotic ,,handbills1 ,,etc4 #aii ,,chapter ,,xxx4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 continued--,,bonaparte',s ,,ten ,,commandments1 ,,etc4 #bje ,,chapter ,,xxxi4 ,,invasion1 continued--#8,,britons1 ,,strike ,,home'--,,bonaparte',s ,,will #bac ,,chapter ,,xxxii4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 continued--#8,,britons ,,to ,,arms'--,,braggadocio-- ,,napoleon',s ,,epitaph #bbb ,,chapter ,,xxxiii4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 continued--#8,,harlequin ,,invasion'--#8,,bob ,,rousem',s ,,epistle'--,,napoleon',s ,,tour ,,to ,,belgium #bcb ,,chapter ,,xxxiv4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 continued--,,the ,,bottle ,,conjuror--,,pidcock',s ,,menagerie #bdd ,,chapter ,,xxxv4 ,,invasion ,,squibs ,,and ,,caricatures1 continued #bed ,,chapter ,,xxxvi4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 continued--,,talleyrand',s ,,disinclination ,,to ,,invade ,,england #bff ,,chapter ,,xxxvii4 ,,invasion ,,squibs--,,volunteers #bgi ,,the ,,exile ,frontispiece ,illustration ,,english ,,caricature ,,and ,,satire ,,on ,,napoleon ,,the ,,first4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,birth ,,and ,,genealogy--,,his ,,own ,,account--,,majorcan ,,or ,,greek ,,extraction--,,english ,,biographies4 ,curiously enough1 it has never been practically settled whence the ancestors of ,napoleon ,bonaparte came4 ,he1 himself1 cared little for the pride of birth1 and when1 during his ,consulate1 they manufactured for him a genealogy descending from a line of kings1 he laughed at it1 and said that his patent of nobility dated from the battle of ,montenotte4 ,but1 still1 one would think he ought to know1 for family tradition is strong2 and if it can be trusted1 this is his own account4 #8,one day ,napoleon questioned ,canova about ,alfieri1 and ,canova found an opportunity to render an important service to ,florence1 c4 8,sire10 said he1 8authorise the ,president of the ,academy of ,florence to take care of the frescoes and pictures4 ,i heartily wish it4 ,that will reflect great honour on your ,majesty1 who1 ,i am assured1 is of a noble ,florentine family40 ,at these words the ,empress 7,maria ,louisa7 turned towards her husband and said3--8,what6 are you not ,corsican80 8,yes10 replied ,napoleon1 8but of ,florentine origin40 ,canova then said3--8,the ,president of the ,academy of ,florence1 the ,senator ,allessandria1 is of one of the most illustrious houses in the country1 which has had one of its ladies married to a ,bonaparte1 thus you are ,italian1 and we boast of it40 8,i am1 certainly10 added ,napoleon4'#a ,prince ,napoleon ,louis ,bonaparte 7brother to the ,emperor7 published in #ahcj1 at ,florence1 a ,french translation of an old book#b about the sack of ,rome1 #aebg1 which gives an account of the family of the writer4 ,but ,majorca also puts in a claim to the older ,bonapartes2 and in #aheb1 ,don ,antonio ,furio1 a learned man1 ,member of the ,royal ,academies of ,belles ,lettres of ,barcelona and ,majorca1 c41 made a declaration as to #8the rank1 dignity1 and extinction of the noble family of ,bonapart in the island of ,majorca2' and quotes from a book kept in the archives of ,palma1 in which are preserved the armorial escutcheons of the noble families of the ,island1 the arms of ,bonapart--which were ,dexter1 on a field ,azure1 six stars1 ,or1 placed two by two1 ,sinister1 on a field gules1 a lion rampant1 ,or2 and the ,chief ,or1 bears a scared eagle1 sable4 ,he says the family came from ,genoa to ,majorca1 in which island its members were considered noblemen1 and they filled several distinguished offices4 ,in a register of burials relating to knights and gentlemen1 written in #aeei1 the antiquity and nobility of the ,bonaparts are clearly authenticated2 and it would seem from ,don ,furio's account 7for all of which he gives chapter and verse7 that the learned jurisconsult ,don ,hugo ,bonapart left ,majorca and went to ,corsica1 where1 in #adaa1 he was made ,regent of the ,chancery of that place2 and1 as he settled there1 his name was inscribed in the ,golden ,book of ,france4 ,this seems pretty circumstantial1 until another theory appears--namely1 his ,greek extraction4 ,sir ,j4 ,emerson ,tennent says3#c #8,there is a story relative to the family name of the ,bonapartes1 that somewhat excites curiosity as to the amount of truth which it may contain4 ,in #agih1 when ,napoleon was secretly preparing for his descent upon ,egypt1 among other expedients for distracting and weakening the ,porte1 ,french emissaries were clandestinely employed in exciting the ,greeks in ,epirus1 and the ,morea1 to revolt4 ,in ,maina especially 7the ancient ,sparta71 these agents were received with marked enthusiasm1 on the ground that ,bonaparte was born in ,corsica1 where numbers of ,greeks from that part of the ,morea had found an asylum after the conquest of ,candia1 in #affi1 but they were eventually expelled by the ,genoese4 #8,one of the persons so employed by ,napoleon to rouse the ,greeks in #agih was named ,stephanopoli2 and one of the arguments which he used was1 that ,napoleon himself was a ,greek in blood1 and a ,mainote by birth1 being descended from one of the exiles who took refuge at ,ajaccio in #afgc4 ,the name of this family1 he said1 was ,calomeri1 1#d which the ,corsicans accommodated to their own dialect by translating it into ,buonaparte4' ,another writer1 signing himself ,rhodocanakis1 in the same periodical1#e says3 #8,i am happy to be able to assert with confidence1 and on the authority of ,general ,kallergis1 the intimate friend of the present ,emperor1 of ,prince ,pitzipios1 and others1 that the story devised by ,nicholas ,stepanapoulos1 and mentioned by his niece1 the ,duchesse d',abrantes1 in her ,memoirs1 that ,napoleon was a ,greek in blood1 and a ,mainote by birth1 being descended from the family of ,calomeri1 who took refuge at ,ajaccio1 ,corsica1 was never authoritatively denied4 ,on the contrary1 both the first and third ,napoleon appeared pleased at the story1 whenever it was alluded to in their presence2 probably because they thought it good policy not to deny what they might in future wish to turn to their advantage4 ,as regards the name of or 1 there are still many families of that name in ,greece4' ,now let us hear what ,madame ,junot1 the aforesaid ,duchesse d',abrantes1 the intimate friend of ,napoleon1 whose families were the closest of neighbours at ,ajaccio1 says on this subject4#f #8,when ,constantine ,comnenus landed at ,corsica in #afgf1 at the head of a ,greek colony1 he had with him several sons1 one of whom was named ,calomeros4 ,this son he sent to ,florence1 on a mission to the ,grand ,duke of ,tuscany4 ,constantine dying before the return of his son1 the ,grand ,duke prevailed on the young ,greek to renounce ,corsica1 and fix his abode in ,tuscany4 ,after some interval of time1 an individual came from ,italy--indeed from ,tuscany--and fixed his abode in ,corsica1 where his descendants formed the family of ,buonaparte2 for the name ,calomeros1 literally ,italianised1 signified buona parte or bella parte4#g #8,the only question is1 whether the ,calomeros who left ,corsica1 and the ,calomeros who came there1 have a direct filiation4 ,two facts1 however1 are certain--namely1 the departure of the one1 and the arrival of the other4 ,it is a singular thing that the ,comneni1#h in speaking of the ,bonaparte family1 always designate them by the names ,calomeros1 ,calomeri1 or ,calomeriani1 according as they allude to one individual1 or several collectively4 ,both families were united by the most intimate friendship4 #8,when the ,greeks were obliged to abandon ,paomia to escape the persecutions of the insurgent ,corsicans1 they established themselves temporarily in towns which remained faithful to the ,republic of ,genoa4 ,when1 at a subsequent period1 ,cargesa was granted to the ,greeks for the purpose of forming a new establishment1 a few ,greek families continued to reside at ,ajaccio4' ,i have been thus diffuse on his ancestry1 because ,english satirists could not tell the truth on the subject--they were too swayed by the passion of the moment1 and had to pander to the cravings of the mob4 ,take an example1 from a broad sheet published in #ahjc1 when our island was in deadly fear of invasion1 a #8,history of ,buonaparte4' #8,napoleon ,buonaparte is the son of a poor lawyer of ,ajaccio1 in ,corsica1 in which city he was born on the #aeth of ,august1 #agfi4 ,his grandfather1 ,joseph1 originally a butcher of the same place1 was ennobled by ,count ,nieuhoff1 some time ,king of ,corsica4 ,he was the son of ,carlos ,buona1 who once kept a liquor shop1 or tavern1 but who1 being convicted of robbery and murder1 was condemned to the ,gallies1 where he died in #agbd4 ,his wife1 ,la ,birba1 the mother of ,joseph1 died in the ,house of ,correction at ,geneva 78 ,genoa74 ,on the #crd ,may1 #agcf1 when ,porto ,vecchio was attacked1 ,joseph ,buona brought to the assistance of ,king ,theodore a band of vagabonds which1 during the civil war1 had chosen him for its leader4 ,in return1 ,theodore1 on the following day1 created him a noble1 and added to his name ,buona the termination ,part4 ,joseph ,buonaparte's wife ,histria1 was the daughter of a journeyman tanner of ,bastia1 also in ,corsica4' ,and yet one more1 from another equally veracious #8life4' #8,buonaparte's great-grandfather kept a wine-house for factors 7like our gin shops71 and1 being convicted of murder and robbery1 he died a galley slave at ,genoa1 in #agbd3 his wife was likewise an accomplice1 and she died in the ,house of ,correction at ,genoa in #agcd4 ,his grandfather was a butcher of ,ajaccio1 and his grandmother daughter of a journeyman tanner at ,bastia4 ,his father was a low petty-fogging lawyer1 who served and betrayed his country by turns1 during the ,civil ,wars4 ,after ,france conquered ,corsica1 he was a spy to the ,french ,government1 and his mother their trull4 ,what is bred in the bone will not come out of the flesh4' ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,descent ,,from ,,the ,,man ,,in ,,the ,,iron ,,mask--,,anagrams1 ,,etc41 ,,on ,,his ,,name--,,the ,,beast ,,of ,,the ,,apocalypse--,,his ,,mother',s ,,account ,,of ,,his ,,birth4 ,the foregoing was the sort of stuff given to our grandfathers for history2 nothing could be bad enough for ,boney1 the ,corsican ,ogre--nay1 they even tortured his name to suit political purposes4 ,it was hinted that the keeper of #8the ,man with the ,iron ,mask1' who was said to be no other than the twin 7and elder7 brother of ,louis ,,xiv41 was named ,bon part2 that the said keeper had a daughter1 with whom the ,man in the ,mask fell in love1 and to whom he was privately married2 that their children received their mother's name1 and were secretly conveyed to ,corsica1 where the name was converted into ,bonaparte1 or ,buonaparte2 and that one of these children was the ancestor of ,napoleon ,bonaparte1 who was thus entitled to be recognised1 not only as of ,french origin1 but as the direct descendant of the rightful heir to the throne of ,france4 ,they put his name into ,greek1 and tortured it thus3-- ,napoleon1 ,apoleon1 ,poleon1 ,oleon1 ,leon1 ,eon1 ,on1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 which sentence will translate1 #8,napoleon1 being the lion of the nations1 went about destroying cities4' ,in the #8,journal des ,dbats1' #h ,avril1 #ahad1 although not an ,english satire on his name1 it is gravely stated that he was baptised by the name of ,nicholas1 and that he assumed the name of ,napoleon as an uncommon one2 but this name1 ,nicholas1 which was applied to him so freely in ,france1 was but a cant term for a stupid blockhead4 ,whilst on this subject1 however1 ,i cannot refrain from quoting a passage from a ,french book3 #8,i do not know what fellow has held that ,napolione was a demon1 who in bygone times1 amused himself by tormenting a poor imbecile4 ,the fellow can not have read the life of the ,saints3 he would then have learned that ,st4 ,napolione1 whose name is given at length in the legend1 is as good a patron as any other2 that he performed seven miracles during his life1 and twenty-two and a half after his death--for he had not time to finish the twenty-third2 it was an unfortunate tiler who1 in falling from a roof1 broke both his legs4 ,st4 ,napoleon had already set one1 when an unlucky doctor prescribed some medicine to the sick man which carried him off to the other world4'#i ,there is an extremely forcible acrostic in ,latin on his name1 which deserves reproduction3-- ,n ationibus#aj ,a uctoritatem ,p rincipibus ,o bedientiam ,l ibertatem ,e cclesi ,o mni modo ,n egans ,b ona ,u surpavit ,o mnium ,n eutrorum ,a urum ,p opulorum ,a nimas ,r evera ,t yrannus ,e xecrandus4 ,but not only was his name thus made a vehicle for political purposes1 but the expounders of prophecy got hold of it1 and found out1 to their great delight1 that at last they had got that theological bugbear1 the ,apocalyptic beast4 ,nothing could be clearer4 ,it could be proved to demonstration1 most simply and clearly4 ,every one had been in error about the ,church of ,rome2 at last there could be no doubt about it1 it was ,,napoleon4 ,take the following handbill as a sample of one out of many3-- ,a ,,prophecy 7,from the #acth ,chapter of ,revelations7 ,,alluding ,,to ,,buonaparte4 ,verse #ast4 #8,and a ,beast rose out of the ,sea1 having ten crowns on his head1' c4 ,this ,beast is supposed to mean ,buonaparte1 he being born in ,corsica1 which is an island1 and having conquered ten kingdoms4 ,verse #eth4 #8,and a mouth was given him speaking blasphemies2 and power given him upon the earth1 forty and two months4' ,buonaparte was crowned in ,december1 #ahjd2 it is therefore supposed the extent of his assumed power upon earth will now be limited1 this present month 7,june7 #ahjh1 being exactly the forty-second month of his reign4 ,verse #afth4 #8,and he caused all to receive a mark in their hands1 and no one could buy or sell1 save those that had the mark of the ,beast4' ,to persons conversant in commercial affairs1 these verses need no comment4 ,there are1 at present1 some of these marks to be seen in this country2 they had the ,crown of ,italy1 c41 at top1 and are signed #8,buonaparte1' #8,talleyrand'2 and all of them are numbered4 ,verse #ahth4 #8,let him that hath understanding1 count the number of the ,beast1 for it is the number of a man1 and his number is ,,six ,,hundred1 ,,sixty ,,and ,,six4' ,this verse is curious1 and should be read attentively4 ,the method of using letters for figures at the time the ,revelations were written is proved by many monuments of ,roman antiquity now extant4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,the ,ancient ,alphabet ,buonaparte's name with ,ten ,kingdoms of ,figures the ,figures conquered ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,a #a ,n #dj ,france ,b #b ,a #a ,prussia ,c #c ,p #fj ,austria ,d #d ,o #ej ,sardinia ,e #e ,l #bj ,naples ,f #f ,e #e ,rome ,g #g ,a #a ,tuscany ,h #h ,n #dj ,hungary ,i #i ,portugal ,k #aj ,b #b ,spain ,l #bj ,u #aaj ,m #cj ,o #ej ,n #dj ,n #dj ,o #ej ,a #a ,p #fj ,p #fj ,q #gj ,a #a ,r #hj ,r #hj ,s #ij ,t #ajj ,t #ajj ,e #e ,u #aaj --- ,v #abj ,the ,number #fff ,x #acj of the ,beast ,y #adj ,z #aej ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,napole an ,buon aparte #f #f #f ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,the above verses are not the only parts of the chapter which have reference to ,buonaparte1 but the most prominent ones2 the connection throughout has been clearly ascertained4 ,in a curious little book called ,the ,corsican's ,downfall1 by a ,royal ,arch ,mason1 published at ,mansfield in #ahad1 at p4 #f1 it says1 with reference to the numeration1 #8,the oldest treatise on the theory of arithmetic is comprised in the seventh1 eighth1 and ninth books of ,euclid's ,elements1 about two hundred and eighty years before the ,christian era4 ,the first author of any consequence who used the modern way of computing by figures1 instead of letters of the alphabet1 was ,jordanus of ,namur1 who flourished about #abjj2 and his arithmetic was afterwards published and demonstrated by ,johannis ,faber ,stapulensis1 in the fifteenth century4 ,the name1 then1 and number of the ,beast must be discovered 7if at all7 by the ancient method of computation in use at the time when the prophecies were written4' ,but ,bonaparte ungratefully refused to fulfil prophecy by being destroyed at the end of forty-two months1 i4e4 in ,june #ahjh1 which must have put the expositors on their mettle4 ,they were1 however1 fully equal to the occasion1 and ingeniously solved the quotation this way4#aa #8,power was given unto him to continue forty-and-two months3 now it is well known that he was self created1 or crowned ,emperor of ,france1 on the #bnd day of ,december #ahjd1 and that he reigned in full power and authority over the prostrate ,states upon the ,continent until the #bnd day of ,may #ahjh1 the very day on which the gallant ,patriots of ,spain made so noble and glorious a struggle to throw off the abominable yoke that he had imposed upon them1 which is exactly a period of three years and a half1 or forty two months4' ,an ingenious lunatic1 named ,l4 ,mayer1 found out another way of fathering the ,mark of the ,beast upon ,napoleon4 ,he took the number of sovereigns who had reigned in ,europe until ,napoleon's arrival--some he has left out to suit his convenience1 but that is a trivial matter--the case had to be made out against the unfortunate ,emperor4 ,sovereigns included in the ,number of the ,beast4#ab ,numbers ,roman ,emperors #gg ,popes #ahf ,kings of ,france #dj ,kings of ,spain #gh ,kings of ,portugal #bf ,emperors of ,germany #eg ,kings of ,bohemia #ca ,kings of ,hungary #cd ,kings of ,poland #ce ,kings of ,denmark #ce ,kings of ,naples and ,sicily #cj ,kings of ,sardinia #cf ,bonaparte #a --- ,total #fff ,the ,society of ,antiquaries have1 among their handbills1 one published in #ahjh1 as follows3-- ,mr4 ,urban1--,the following singular coincidences may furnish matter for reflection to the curious4 ,it has been generally admitted that the ,roman ,empire1 after passing under seven different forms of government 7or seven heads71 was divided into ten kingdoms in ,europe 7the ten horns of ,daniel and ,john72 and that1 notwithstanding the various changes ,europe has undergone1 the number of kingdoms was generally about ten4 ,it is not a little surprising that the ,heads of the ,family of ,napoleon1 who has effected such a change in the same ,empire1 are exactly seven1 viz43-- #a4 ,napoleon4 #b4 ,joseph1 ,king of ,italy4 #c4 ,louis1 ,king of ,holland4 #d4 ,jerome4 #e4 ,murat1 ,duke of ,berg and ,cleves4 #f4 ,cardinal ,fesch4 #g4 ,beauharnais1 the adopted son of ,napoleon4 ,and also that the ,members of the ,new ,federation are just ten1 viz43-- #a4 ,bavaria4 #b4 ,wirtemberg4 #c4 ,baden4 #d4 ,darmstadt4 #e4 ,nassau4 #f4 ,ysembourg4 #g4 ,hohenzollern4 #h4 ,aremberg4 #i4 ,salm4 #aj4 ,leyen4 ,it is also remarkable that in the man's name1 ,,napoleon ,,buonaparte1 there are precisely three times six letters3-- ,napole on ,buon aparte #f #f #f #fff ,and in his name is contained the name given by ,john to the ,king of the ,locusts1 who is called #8,apoleon1' or #8the ,destroyer4' ,even the date of his birth was disputed1 for some said he was born on ,february #e1 #agfh--;in his marriage registry it is the same1 and he used to tell ,de ,bourrienne1 his school-fellow1 that he was born on ,august #ae1 #agfi1 and it is so noted in the registry of his entrance into the military school at ,brienne in #aggi1 and the ,ecole ,militaire in #aghd1 besides being the date used in all documents necessary to his promotion4 ,but probably his mother knew somewhat about it1 and ,madame ,junot says1#ac speaking of ,madame ,ltitia ,bonaparte1 #8,i recollect she this day told us that1 being at ,mass on the day of the fte of ,notre ,dame of ,august1 she was overtaken by the pains of childbirth1 and she had hardly reached home when she was delivered of ,napoleon1 on a wretched rug4444 ,i know not why1' said she1 #8it has been reported that ,paoli was ,napoleon's godfather4 ,it is not true2 ,laurent ,jiubga#ad was his godfather4 ,he held him over the baptismal font1 along with another of our relations1 ,celtruda ,buonaparte4'#ae ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,count ,,marb,,uf1 ,,his ,,putative ,,father--,,poverty ,,of ,,the ,,bonaparte ,,family--,,early ,,personal ,,description ,,of ,,napoleon--,,his ,,own ,,account ,,of ,,himself--,,satirists' ,,narration ,,of ,,his ,,school-,,days4 ,in after life1 when ,napoleon was successful1 and had made a position1 reports were spread that his real father was ,count ,marbuf1 who had been in ,corsica1 and in after life1 or at all events at his entrance into it1 acted as his benefactor and patron4 ,ltitia ,ramolini1 afterwards ,madame ,ltitia ,bonaparte1 was very graceful and pretty1 indeed ,madame ,junot says of her1#af #8,ltitia was indeed a lovely woman4 ,those who knew her in advanced life thought her countenance somewhat harsh2 but that expression instead of being caused by any austerity of disposition1 seemed1 on the contrary1 to have been produced by timidity4' ,indeed1 no one can look at any portrait of ,madame ,mre1 and not be struck with her lofty beauty4 ,this scandal about ,count ,marbuf1 it must be remembered1 is of ,french origin1 and was well known1 and recognised1 probably1 at its value4 ,to give one illustration1#ag #8,la malignit a fait honneur de sa naissance au ,comte de ,marbuf1 governeur de l'isle1 qui rendait des soins assidus ,madame ,buonaparte1 jeune femme1 belle et interressante alors4' ,all our ,english squibs repeat the tale1 and the subjoined is certainly the cleverest of them4#ah ,about his parentage indeed1 ,biographers have disagreed2 ,some say his father was a farmer1 ,his mother1 too1 a ,cyprian charmer3 ,that his dad ,carlo was quite poor1 ,letitia a ,french ,general's ----2 ,if1 faithless to her marriage vows1 ,she made a cuckold of her spouse1 ,then ,nap 7some characters are rotten7 ,has been a merrily begotten4 ,but other writers1 with civility1 ,insist he's sprung from old ,nobility1 ,and therefore to his father's name ,attach the highest rank and fame3 ,nay1 furthermore1 they add as true1 ,nap was ,paoli's godson too4 ,but what to this said great ,paoli8 #8,i stood for one1 but 'pon my soul1 ,i ,at present do not rightly know ,whether it was for ,nap or ,joe4' ,it was for ,joe1 if he'd have said it1 ,but ,joe has done him little credit4 ,now let the honest muse despise ,all adulation1 barefaced lies1 ,and own the truth--,then ,boney's father ,was member of the law1 or rather1 ,a pettifogger1 which his friends1 ,to serve their own politic ends1 ,would keep a secret1 knowing well ,that pettifoggers go to ,hell4 ,when ,france occasioned some alarms1 ,and ,corsica was up in arms1 ,this ,carlo ,bonaparte thought fit1 ,his parchments for the sword to quit4 ,he fought1 they say1 with some applause1 ,tho' unsuccessful in the cause3 ,meanwhile1 with battle's din and fright1 ,his wife was in a dismal plight2 ,from town to town ,letitia fled1 ,to shun the ,french1 as it is said2 ,tho' others whisper that the fair ,was under a ,french ,gen'ral's care1 ,and that to keep secure her charms ,she fondly trusted to his arms4 ,be this however as it might1 ,after incessant fear and flight1 ,letitia 7'fore her time1 mayhap7 ,was brought to bed of ,master ,nap3 ,the ,cause1 we think1 of his ambition1 ,and of his restless disposition4 ,the ,bonaparte family was not rich1 their sole means of living being from the father's professional exertions1 and the family was very large1 and many mouths to feed2 in fact1 they were in somewhat straitened circumstances1 but not in such squalid poverty as ,gillray depicts them1 in the accompanying illustration1 where our hero may be seen1 with his brothers and sisters1 gnawing the bony part of a shin of beef4 ,madame ,junot#ai says1 #8,saveria told me that ,napoleon was never a pretty boy1 as ,joseph had been2 his head always appeared too large for his body1 a defect common to the ,bonaparte family4 ,when ,napoleon grew up1 the peculiar charm of his countenance lay in his eye1 especially in the mild expression it assumed in his moments of kindness4 ,his anger1 to be sure1 was frightful1 and though ,i am no coward1 ,i never could look at him in his fits of rage without shuddering4 ,though his smile was captivating1 yet the expression of his mouth when disdainful1 or angry1 could scarcely be seen without terror4 ,but that forehead which seemed formed to bear the crowns of a whole world2 those hands1 of which the most coquettish woman might have been vain1 and whose white skin covered muscles of iron2 in short1 of all that personal beauty which distinguished ,napoleon as a young man1 no traces were discernible in the boy4' ,illustration3 ,,democratic ,,innocence4 ,the young ,bonaparte and his wretched ,relatives in their native ,poverty1 while ,free ,booters in the island of ,corsica4 ,napoleon said of himself3 #8,i was an obstinate and inquisitive child4 ,i was extremely headstrong2 nothing overawed me1 nothing disconcerted me4 ,i made myself formidable to the whole family4 ,my brother ,joseph was the one with whom ,i was oftenest embroiled2 he was bitten1 beaten1 abused3 ,i went to complain before he had time to recover his confusion4' ,at ten years of age1 through the medium of his patron1 ,count ,marbuf1 he was sent to the military school at ,brienne1 which he entered on ,april #bc1 #aggi4 ,here he was shy and reserved1 and not at all liked by his schoolfellows1 who twitted him with his poverty1 the country whence he came1 his name1 and made reflections on his mother2 the last particularly exasperating him4 ,his veracious ,hudibrastic historian says3-- ,when he two years at school had been1 ,he proved more violent and mean3 ,unlike his sprightly fellow boys1 ,amused with playthings and with toys2 ,at shuttlecock he'd never stop1 ,nor deign to whip the bounding top4 ,his garden was his sole delight1 ,which ne'er improv'd his mental sight2 ,but thus in childhood serv'd to show ,he was to all mankind a foe4 ,his schoolfellows1 in keen sedateness1 ,he robb'd to prove his urchin greatness3 ,deluded by his wheedling art1 ,some cheerfully resign'd a part ,of their possessions1 and to these ,he added what he chose to seize2 ,then1 planting it with num'rous trees ,and putting palisades all round1 ,he strutted monarch of the ground2 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ',twas on a welcome festive morn1 ,for some great saint divinely born4 ,no matter why1 it was a jolly day1 ,boys must be merry on a holiday2 ,and now behold their bulging pockets1 ,enrich'd with pistols1 squibs1 and rockets-- ,when some1 but humbly begg'd his pardon ,threw fireworks into ,boney's garden2 ',twas chiefly manag'd by the breeze ,which sent them 'mong his plants and trees2 ,bursting1 the cracks were oft repeated1 ,nap's ears were with the thunder greeted2 ,th' explosions discomposed1 ,i wot1 ,th' arrangement of the lovely spot4 ,nap saw it with corroding spite1 ,and now began his lips to bite2 ,but strove his anger to restrain1 ,until revenge he could obtain4 ,illustration3 ,,napoleon ,,blowing ,,up ,,his ,,comrades4 ,for weeks he plann'd what he should do1 ,and in about a month or two ,contrived his infamous design1 ,by having made a kind of mine ,beside the garden2 where1 in haste1 ,long trains of gunpowder he plac'd2 ,deliberately now1 as stated1 ,he for the little fellows waited2 ,and just as they were passing through it1 ,a lighted bit of stick put to it2 ,the boys were suddenly alarm'd1 ,and some were miserably harm'd1 ,while all1 with fright and consternation1 ,were in a state of perturbation4 ,th' heroic ,boney1 with a club1 ,now came the sufferers to drub2 ,but soon the master was in sight1 ,which put the ,conqueror to flight4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,napoleon ,,at ,,the ,,ecole ,,militaire--,,personal ,,description--,,puss ,,in ,,boots--,,visit ,,to ,,corsica--,,solicits ,,service ,,in ,,england--,,reported ,,visit ,,to ,,london--,,siege ,,of ,,toulon4 ,on ,october #ad or #ag1 #aghd1 he left ,brienne for the ,ecole ,militaire at ,paris4 ,gillray1 when he drew the picture 7on next page7 of the abject1 ragged1 servile-looking ,napoleon1 could hardly have realised the fact that ,napoleon was then over fifteen years of age1 and that1 having been already five years at a military school1 he must necessarily have carried himself in a more soldierly manner4 ,he stayed at the ,ecole ,militaire till ,august #ahge1 when he obtained his brevet of second lieutenant of ,artillery in the regiment of ,la ,fre4 ,madame ,junot#bj tells an amusing anecdote of him at this period1 which ,i must be pardoned introducing here1 as it helps us to imagine his personal appearance4 #8,i well recollect that on the day when he first put on his uniform1 he was as vain as young men usually are on such an occasion4 ,there was one part of his dress which had a very droll appearance--that was his boots4 ,they were so high and wide1 that his little thin legs seemed buried in their amplitude4 ,young people are always ready to observe anything ridiculous2 and1 as soon as my sister and ,i saw ,napoleon enter the drawing-room1 we burst into a loud fit of laughter4 ,at that early age1 as well as in after life1 ,bonaparte could not relish a joke2 and when he found himself the object of merriment1 he grew angry4 ,illustration3 ,,democratic ,,humility4 ,bonaparte when a boy received thro' the ,king's bounty into the ,ecole ,militaire at ,paris4 #8,my sister1 who was some years older than ,i1 told him that since he wore a sword he ought to be gallant to ladies2 and1 instead of being angry1 should be happy that they joked with him4 8,you are nothing but a child--a little pensionnaire10 said ,napoleon1 in a tone of contempt4 ,cecile1 who was twelve or thirteen years of age1 was highly indignant at being called a child1 and she hastily resented the affront by replying to ,bonaparte1 8,and you are nothing but a puss in boots40 ,this excited a general laugh among all present1 except ,napoleon1 whose rage ,i will not attempt to describe4 ,though not much accustomed to society1 he had too much tact not to perceive that he ought to be silent when personalities were introduced1 and his adversary was a woman4 #8,though deeply mortified at the unfortunate nickname which my sister had given him1 yet he affected to forget it2 and to prove that he cherished no malice on the subject1 he got a little toy made1 and gave it to me4 ,this toy consisted of a cat in boots1 in the character of a footman running before the carriage of the ,marquis de ,carabas4 ,it was very well made1 and must have been rather expensive to him considering his straitened finances4 ,he brought along with it a pretty little edition of the popular tale of ,puss in ,boots1 which he presented to my sister1 begging her to keep it as a token of his remembrance4' ,napoleon afterwards frequently called ,junot1 ,marquis de ,carabas1 and1 on one occasion1 ,madame ,junot1 in badinage1 reminded ,napoleon of his present to her1 at which he got very angry4 ,during his sub-lieutenancy he was very poor1 yet he managed to go to ,corsica for six months1 whilst ,paoli1 who had been living in ,england1 was there4 ,there is a curious idea that1 about this time 7mentioned in more places than one#ba71 he applied for service under the ,british ,government4 ,at this time ,bonaparte scarce knew ,what for his maintenance to do-- ,so he sat down1 and quickly wrote ,a very condescending note1 7,altho' a wretched scrawl when written71 ,which to a ,chieftain of ,great ,britain1 ,he1 soon as possible1 dispatch'd1 ,in which he swore he was attach'd ,unto the ,british ,constitution1 ,and therefore form'd the resolution ,of fighting in that country's cause1 ,for ,george the ,third1 and for his laws1 ,if that his services were needed1 ,and to his wishes they acceded4 ,it seems that ,bonaparte could trade well1 ,he'd fight for any one that paid well2 ,but he a disappointment got1 ,because his services were not ,by ,britain's chief ,commander tried2 ,the rank he sought for was denied4 ,this was the cause of great displeasure1 ,it mortified him above measure1 ,and he gave ,england now as many a ,curse1 as before he e'er gave ,genoa4 ,nay1 more extraordinary than all1 it was even pretended that he lived some time in ,england4 ,the ,birmingham ,journal of ,april #ba1 #ahee1 affirms1 on the authority of ,mr4 ,j4 ,coleman of the ,strand1 who is now #ajd years of age1 and whose portrait and biographical sketch appeared in the ,illustrated ,london ,news1 ,feb4 #ahej1 and who knew perfectly well ,m4 ,bonaparte1 who1 while he lived in ,london1 which was for five weeks1 in #agia or #agib1 lodged in a house in ,george ,street1 ,strand1 and whose chief occupation appeared to be taking pedestrian exercise in the streets of ,london4 ,hence his marvellous knowledge of the great metropolis1 which used to astonish any ,englishmen of distinction1 who were not aware of the visit4 ,i have also heard ,mr4 ,matthews1 the grandfather of the celebrated comedian1 ,mr4 ,thomas ,goldsmith of the ,strand1 ,mr4 ,graves1 ,mr4 ,drury1 and my father1 all of whom were tradesmen in the ,strand1 in the immediate vicinity of ,george ,street1 speak of this visit4 ,he occasionally took his cup of chocolate at the ,northumberland1 occupying himself in reading1 and preserving a provoking taciturnity to the gentlemen in the room2 though his manner was stern1 his deportment was that of a gentleman4' ,timbs#bb endorses this statement1 in identically the same words of a portion of the above1 which he fathers on old ,mr4 ,matthews1 the bookseller in the ,strand1 but we must recollect that ,mr4 ,timbs was writing the #8,romance of ,london4' ,a personal description of ,napoleon in #agic may be interesting1 especially as it comes from a trustworthy pen4#bc #8,at that period of his life ,bonaparte was decidedly ugly2 he afterwards underwent a total change4 ,i do not speak of the illusive charm which his glory spread around him1 but ,i mean to say that a gradual physical change took place in him in the space of seven years4 ,his emaciated thinness was converted into a fulness of face1 and his complexion1 which had been yellow1 and apparently unhealthy1 became clear and comparatively fresh2 his features1 which were angular and sharp1 became round and filled out4 ,as to his smile1 it was always agreeable4 ,the mode of dressing his hair1 which has such a droll appearance as we see it in the prints of the bridge of ,arcola1 was then comparatively simple1 for young men of fashion 7the ,muscadins71 whom he used to rail at so loudly at that time1 wore their hair very long4 ,but he was very careless of his personal appearance2 and his hair1 which was ill-combed and ill-powdered1 gave him the look of a sloven4 ,his little hands1 too1 underwent a great metamorphosis3 when ,i first saw him1 they were thin1 long1 and dark2 but he was subsequently vain of the beauty of them1 and with good reason4 #8,in short1 when ,i recollect ,napoleon entering the courtyard of the ,hotel de la ,tranquillit in #agic1 with a shabby round hat drawn over his forehead1 and his ill-powdered hair hanging over the collar of his great-coat1 which afterwards became as celebrated as the white plume of ,henry ,,iv41 without gloves1 because he used to say they were an useless luxury1 with boots ill-made and ill-blackened1 with his thinness and his sallow complexion2 in fine1 when ,i recollect him at that time1 and think what he was afterwards1 ,i do not see the same man in the two pictures4' ,he was fortunate in obtaining a higher rank in the army1 being promoted to be commandant of artillery1 and he joined the army besieging ,toulon on ,september #ab1 #agic4 ,he found his chief1 ,general ,cartaux1 incompetent1 and1 from representations made to ,paris1 ,cartaux was superseded4 ,there was very hard fighting at ,toulon before it was taken1 ,admiral ,hood1 and ,general ,o',hara1 commanding the ,british forces4 ,the latter being taken prisoner1 much disheartened the ,english1 but1 at the final assault1 when the town was retaken by the ,french1 the ,english and ,spanish gunners died fighting at their posts4 ,illustration3 ,,napoleon ,,working ,,the ,,guns ,,at ,,toulon4 ,our metrical ,history of ,napoleon says1-- ,the first shell 'gainst ,toulon1 'tis said1 ,the hand of ,bonaparte had sped4 ,the vengeance of the ,french1 on entering the town1 was terrible2 but many thousands had taken shelter on board the ,british ships1 leaving only a few hundreds to be executed #8according to law4' ,our poem somewhat exaggerates4 ,one of the ,jacobins1 whom ,hood ,had sent to prison for no good-- ,a noted character indeed-- ,by the republicans was freed4 ,as vengeance he on all design'd ,who to the ,english had been kind1 ,or in their dreadful situation ,promoted the ,capitulation1 ,this miscreant selected then ,one thousand and four hundred men1 ,whom they determin'd to assassinate-- ,a testimony of surpassing hate2 ,and ,boney was1 with general voice1 ,for executioner their choice4 ,indeed the choice was very good1 ,for ,boney was a man for blood4 ,in sets1 it was these wretches' lot1 ,to be brought forward to be shot3 ,nap gave the order with composure1 ,the loaded guns were pointed so sure ,a dreadful carnage soon ensued-- ,a carnage--horrible when view'd4 ,yet1 gallant ,boney1 with delight1 ,remain'd spectator of the sight4 ,nay1 more1 himself vers'd in hypocrisy1 ,he thought he might perhaps some mock'ry see3 ,so #8,pardon6 pardon6' loud he said1 ,to know if they were really dead2 ,some1 who had counterfeited death1 ,rose up1 and were deprived of breath6 ,poor souls6 they knew not when he said it ,his word was not deserving credit4 ,however two there were more wise1 ,who1 having put on death's disguise1 ,could not be tempted thus to rise1 ,but tarried till the wolves were gone1 ,and then--a father found his son6 ,,chapter ,v4 ,,napoleon',s ,,promotion--,,his ,,poverty--,,junot',s ,,kindness--,,revolt ,,of ,,the ,,sections--,,napoleon',s ,,share ,,therein--,,made ,,general ,,of ,,the ,,interior--,,introduction ,,to ,,josephine--,,sketch ,,of ,,her ,,life4 ,for the capture of ,toulon1 ,bonaparte was speedily promoted2 indeed1 his superior officer1 ,dugommier1 in his report1 said1 #8,reward and advance this young man1 otherwise he will find means to advance himself4' ,he afterwards joined the army at ,nice1 and was sent on a secret diplomatic mission to ,genoa2 on his return from which he was arrested and thrown into prison1 where he remained a fortnight before he obtained his release4 ,he was without any employment during the remainder of #agid1 and till the autumn of #agie4 ,he was then in very poor circumstances financially1 and ,madame ,junot gives a graphic picture of his distress at this time4#bd #8,bonaparte's servant informed ,mariette that the general was often in want of money2' but1 he added1 #8he has an aide-de-camp who shares with him all he gets4 ,when he is lucky at play1 the largest share of his winnings is always for his general4 ,the aide-de-camp's family sometimes sends him money1 and then almost all is given to the general4 ,the general1 adds the man1 loves this aide-de-camp as dearly as if he were his own brother4' ,the aide-de-camp was ,junot1 who got a commission after ,toulon4 ,the wretched ,boney1 we are told1 ,reduced1 and shivering with the cold1 ,to public houses used to rove1 ,and warm his hands before a stove2 ,nay1 in ,corrozza1 it is said1 ,a large score still remains unpaid4 ,he in an humble garret slept1 ,which never very clean was kept1 ,hence got he a disorder1 which ,the vulgar people call the #8itch4' ,long might have been poor ,nap's dejection ,but for a pending insurrection2 ,for now was entertained th' intention ,of overturning the ,convention4 ,the party by ,barras were led1 ,he of the rebels was the head2 ,but1 neither brave nor skilful reckon'd1 ,he wish'd to have an able second4 ,this task1 by many1 as we find1 ,was conscientiously declin'd2 ,for every one of them well knew1 ,a dreadful slaughter must ensue4 ,barras said in a thinking mood1 #8,i know a rascal fond of blood-- ,a little ,corsican blackguard1 ,but now to find him may be hard4' ,then1 having mentioned ,boney's name1 ,they all agreed upon the same2 ,and ,tallien gladly undertook ,for the said ,corsican to look4 ,soon ,boney on their honors waited1 ,though all in rags as it is stated2 ,and1 matters being quick concluded1 ,no #8saucy doubts or fears' intruded2 ,nap with a horse was soon provided1 ,and regimentals he beside had4 ,this scheme began they to contrive ,in seventeen hundred1 ninety five4 ,and of ,october1 we may say1 ,the fourth was now a fatal day6 ,for1 lo6 the insurgents sallied out1 ,and desolation spread about2 ,all honest opposition fail'd ,and blood-stain'd tyranny prevail'd4 ,men1 women1 children1 at a bitter rate ,the cries of #8,treason1' did reiterate1 ,but nothing could their fury quell1 ,for women1 men1 and children fell6 ,now1 owing to this revolution1 ,was formed another ,constitution2 ,nap this assembly went to meet1 ,and laid his trophies at their feet3 ,these trophies were eight thousand carcases1 ,among the wounds1 too1 many a mark was his4 ,a second victory like this1 ,was to ,barras extatic bliss4 ,and ,nap1 for bravery extoll'd1 ,no longer a blackguard was called2 ,but as a hero now regarded1 ,was amply by ,barras rewarded4 ,in this life there is many a change1 ,as unexpected and as strange3 ,then let us hope that this day's sorrow ,may be tranquillity to-morrow3 ,for1 mark you how our hero rose1 ,who wanted money1 shoes1 and clothes2 ,all those he had--and1 what is more1 ,his garret chang'd for a first floor2 ,and such1 too1 was his happy lot1 ,that he a place for ,lucien got2 ,who1 after this notorious slaughter1 ,had married an innkeeper's daughter4 ,this is the satirist's account of the revolt of the ,sections1 and ,bonaparte's part therein4 ,when applied to1 he accepted the command1 but declared that he must act untrammelled1 and not like ,menon1 who failed through having three representatives of the people to counsel him4 ,this was agreed to1 and ,barras was chosen chief1 with ,napoleon under him4 ,the insurgents numbered some #dj1jjj1 the troops but #g1jjj2 and such was the moderation of the latter1 that when the insurrection was quelled1 there were but seventy or eighty of the people killed1 and between three and four hundred wounded4 ,he was then made ,general of the ,interior1 and consequently ,governor of ,paris1 and this position led him more into society4 ,it is now that we come to a great epoch in his life1 his meeting with ,josephine1 which came about in a somewhat singular manner4 ,at one of his leves1 a boy of twelve years1 or so1 called upon him4 ,the lad was ,eugne de ,beauharnais1 son of a general of the ,republic1 who was executed a few days before the death of ,robespierre1 and his errand was to petition ,napoleon that his father's sword might be given to him4 ,to quote ,napoleon's own words1 #8,i was so touched by this affectionate request1 that ,i ordered it to be given to him4 ,on seeing the sword he burst into tears3 ,i felt so affected by his conduct1 that ,i noticed and praised him much4 ,a few days afterwards1 his mother came to return me a visit of thanks2 ,i was struck with her appearance1 and still more with her esprit4' ,he was always meeting her in society1 especially at ,barras's house2 and this intimacy1 ripening into affection1 brought about their marriage4 ,the following series of eight plates1 illustrating her life1 were drawn by ,woodward4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,planter',s ,,daughter4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,french ,,countess4 ,josephine 7,marie ,josephine ,rose de la ,pagerie7 was born at ,martinique1 according to ,de ,bourrienne1 on ,june #bc1 #agfc1 but others say it was the same day of the month1 only four years later4 ,she was the daughter of a planter in that island1 and was a ,creole1 i4e4 one born in a ,french ,west ,indian settlement4 ,she was fourteen years old when she was brought to ,france by her father1 and being very graceful and pretty1 it was not long before she was married1 which was to the ,vicomte de ,beauharnais1 on ,december #ac1 #aggi4 ,the union was not at first a happy one4 ,she went to ,martinique1 to see her mother1 and stayed there about fifteen months4 ,her husband was a general in the army of the ,rhine1 but was singled out by ,robespierre as a victim of his tyranny1 was imprisoned and beheaded4 ,josephine was also imprisoned1 and it was at ,la ,force that she met with ,madame ,tallien--#8,ntre ,dame de ,thermidor1' as ,arsne ,houssaye calls her--who was also in prison4 ,here1 uncertain as to their fate1 the female prisoners played at mock trials and executions 7for the trials always ended in condemnation71 and day by day their numbers grew less1 as they were taken away to the real tragedy which they had rehearsed4 ,scandal 7,french before it became ,english7 says that ,barras1 smitten by her charms1 had her released on condition that she became his mistress4 ,here is one ,french account3#be #8,a cette poque1 la jeune veuve du malheureux vicomte de ,beauharnais1 mort sur l'chafaud1 languissait aux ,magdelonettes1 o1 depuis longtems1 elle tait dtenue comme suspecte4 ,intimement lie avec ,hoche1 elle le pria de parler pour elle ,barras1 alors tout-puissant4 ,celui-ci ne connaissait la vicomtesse que de rputation2 il voulut la voir1 et lui rendit visite dans sa prison4444 ,barras1 sduit par la conversation et les charmes personnels de la jeune veuve1 devint1 la premire visite1 et son protecteur1 et son ami4 ,deux jours aprs1 elle fut rendue la libert4' ,illustration3 ,a ,,widow4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,prisoner4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,loose ,,fish4 ,illustration3 ,,barras' ,,mistress4 ,that ,josephine gave rise to this scandal1 is probably owing to her intimacy with ,madame ,tallien and ,barras4 ,barras1 she was bound to be grateful to1 for by his means1 a part of her husband's property was restored to her2 but it was ,tallien who1 at his wife's entreaty1 obtained the liberty1 both of ,josephine and ,duchesse d',aiguillon4 ,madame ,tallien's receptions were the most brilliant in ,paris1 where the prettiest and wittiest women met the men most distinguished in any way1 and common gratitude1 at least1 would have led ,josephine to the assemblies of her dear friend1 who had shared her imprisonment1 and obtained her release4 ,,chapter ,,vi4 ,,josephine',s ,,dress ,,and ,,personal ,,appearance--,,her ,,reputed ,,connection ,,with ,,barras--,,marriage ,,with ,,napoleon--,,her ,,tastes ,,and ,,disposition4 ,let us for a moment1 as an antidote to the caricaturist's pictures1 see what was ,josephine's dress at this period4#bf #8,here is ,madame de ,beauharnais1 that excellent ,josephine1 whose heart is not made for coquetry1 but who throws a childish joy into her dress4 ,with an air less dramatic and superb than her rivals1#bg the joyous and kindly creole is1 perhaps1 the most ,french of the three1 ,madame ,tallien is the most ,greek1 and ,madame ,viconti the most ,roman4 ,josephine wears a wavy dress1 rose and white from top to bottom1 with a train trimmed at the bottom with black bugles1 a bodice six fingers deep1 and wearing no fichu2 short sleeves of black gauze1 long gloves covering the elbow of noisette colour1 which suits this beautiful violet so well2 shoes of yellow morocco2 white stockings with green clocks4 ,if her hair is dressed after the ,etruscan manner1 ornamented with cherry-coloured ribbons1 ,i am sure it is impossible to approach nearer to the antique4 ,to tempt the fashion is the sole ambition of the pretty ,josephine1 but it happens that the celebrated ,madame de ,beauharnais sets it4' ,it is impossible to quit this subject without some contemporary quotations1 as they help us to realise the truth1 or falsehood1 of the caricaturist4#bh #8,madame ,tallien was kind and obliging1 but such is the effect on the multitude of a name that bears a stain1 that her cause was never separated from that of her husband4 ,the following is a proof of this4 ,junot was the bearer of the second flags1 which were sent from the army of ,italy to the ,directory4 ,he was received with all the pomp which attended the reception of ,marmont1 who was the bearer of the first colours4 ,madame ,bonaparte1 who had not yet set out to join ,napoleon1 wished to witness the ceremony2 and1 on the day appointed for the reception of ,junot she repaired to the ,directory1 accompanied by ,madame ,tallien4 ,they lived at that time in great intimacy2 the latter was a fraction of the ,directorial royalty with which ,josephine1 when ,madame ,beauharnais1 and1 indeed1 after she became ,madame ,bonaparte1 was in some degree invested4 ,madame ,bonaparte was still a fine woman2 her teeth1 it is true1 were already frightfully decayed1 but when her mouth was closed she looked1 especially at a little distance1 both young and pretty4 ,as to ,madame ,tallien1 she was then in the full bloom of her beauty4 ,both were dressed in the antique style1 which was then the prevailing fashion1 and with as much of richness and ornament as were suitable to morning costume4 ,when the reception was ended1 and they were about to leave the ,directory1 it may be presumed that ,junot was not a little proud to offer to escort these two charming women4 ,junot was then a handsome young man of five and twenty1 and he had the military look and style for which1 indeed1 he was always remarkable4 ,a splendid uniform of a colonel of huzzars set off his fine figure to the utmost advantage4 ,when the ceremony was ended1 he offered one arm to ,madame ,bonaparte1 who as his general's wife was entitled to the first honour1 especially on that solemn day2 and offering his other arm to ,madame ,tallien1 he conducted them down the staircase of the ,luxembourg4 ,the crowd stepped forward to see them as they passed along4 8,that is the general's wife10 said one4 8,that is his aide de camp10 said another4 8,he is very young40 8,she is very pretty4--,vive le ,general ,bonaparte6--,vive la ,citoyenne ,bonaparte6 ,she is a good friend to the poor40 8,ah60 exclaimed a great fat market woman1 8,she is ,notre ,dame des ,victoires60 8,you are right10 said another1 8and see who is on the other side of the officer2 that is ,notre ,dame de ,septembre60 ,this was severe and it was also unjust4' ,we must not trust to the caricaturist's portrait of ,josephine4 ,she was good looking and graceful then1 but1 afterwards1 she did become very stout4 ,we must never forget in looking over the folios of caricatures of this period1 that the idea of caricaturing then was to exaggerate everything1 and make it grotesque2 it is only of modern years that the refinement of a ,leech1 ,tenniel1 or ,proctor1 gives us caricature without vulgarity4 ,after seeing ,josephine as she really was1 it will be worth while to compare the satirist's idea of her1 and her marriage with ,napoleon4 ,nap changed on entering ,society1 ,obscurity for notoriety2 ,he to ,barras only inferior1 ,commands the army of th' interior4 ,as pride in office is essential1 ,his manners now were consequential2 ,conducting all affairs of weight1 ,the little man was very great2 ,and by this sudden rise to dignity1 ,he gave full weight to his malignity4 ,barras1 now moved by his persuasions1 ,consulted him on all occasions2 ,a greater compliment1 too1 paid he1 ,he got for him1 a cast off lady3 ,a widow rich1 as they relate1 ,but how so rich1 'tis hard to state1 ,her spouse1 for politics reputed1 ,by ,robespierre was executed1 ,and she was by ,barras protected1 ,till he at length the fair neglected4 ,however1 she procured with great art1 ,a man of colour for a sweetheart2 ,by which no fortune's manifested1 ,for men of colour are detested2 ,they married would have been1 moreover1 ,but that--in stepped another lover2 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,there are some writers who pretend1 ,the lady's virtue to defend2 ,for1 in the character they draw1 ,she's guilty of but one faux pas2 ,but others1 probably censorious1 ,declare her lapses were notorious1 ,and that1 devoid of sense and shame1 ,she even gloried in the same2 ,so reckoning all things1 the amount is1 ,she was a condescending countess4 ,the lady was1 as it appears1 ,older than ,nap by twenty years2 ,but1 for a man1 who scorned to prove ,the votary or slave of love-- ,whispering soft nonsense1 and such stuff-- ,she certainly was good enough4 ,short1 like himself1 and rather bulky1 ,but not so insolent and sulky4 ,as by ,barras1 too1 recommended 7,no matter from what stock descended71 ,it certainly must be allow'd ,of such a wife he should be proud4 ,so1 locked together1 soon were seen1 ,brave ,boney and fair ,josephine4 ,the pictorial caricaturist1 ,gillray1 gives us ,february #bj1 #ahje1 #8,ci-devant occupations1 or ,madame ,tallien1 and the ,empress ,josephine ,dancing ,naked before ,barras1 in the ,winter of #agig--;a fact4'#bi ,illustration ,at the foot of this etching1 which depicts the sensual bon viveur1 ,barras1 looking on at the lascivious dancing of his two mistresses1 ,madame ,tallien and ,josephine1 it says3 #8,barras 7then in power71 being tired of ,josephine1 promised ,bonaparte a promotion1 on condition that he would take her off his hands4 ,barras had1 as usual1 drank freely1 and placed ,bonaparte behind a screen1 while he amused himself with these two ladies1 who were then his humble dependents4 ,madame ,tallien is a beautiful woman1 tall and elegant4 ,josephine is smaller1 and thin1 with bad teeth something like cloves4 ,it is needless to add that ,bonaparte accepted the promotion1 and the lady1 now ,empress of ,france6' ,barre1 who notoriously wrote against ,napoleon1 says3#cj #8,and not satisfied by procuring him a splendid appointment1 he made him marry his mistress1 the ,countess de ,beauharnais1 a rich widow1 with several children2 and who1 although about twenty years older than ,bonaparte1 was a very valuable acquisition to a young man without any fortune4 ,the reputation of the ,countess de ,beauharnais was well established1 even before the ,revolution3 but ,buonaparte had not the least right to find fault with a woman presented to him by ,barras4' ,at all events they were married1 and here is ,g4 ,cruikshank's idea of the ceremony1 and here1 also1 he depicts the bridesmaids and groomsmen4 ,illustration ,their honeymoon was of the shortest1 for ,de ,bourrienne says3 #8,he remained in ,paris only ten days after his marriage1 which took place on the #ith of ,march1 #agif4 ,madame ,bonaparte possessed personal graces and many good qualities4 ,i am convinced that all who were acquainted with her must have felt bound to speak well of her2 to few1 indeed1 did she ever give cause for complaint4 ,benevolence was natural to her1 but she was not always prudent in its exercise4 ,hence her protection was often extended to persons who did not deserve it4 ,her taste for splendour and expense was excessive4 ,this proneness to luxury became a habit which seemed constantly indulged without any motive4 ,what scenes have ,i not witnessed when the moment for paying the tradesmen's bills arrived6 ,she always kept back one half of their claims1 and the discovery of this exposed her to new reproaches4 ,how many tears did she shed1 which might easily have been spared6' ,we here see the caricaturist's idea of ,josephine as a ,french general's wife4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,general',s ,,lady4 ,,chapter ,,vii4 ,,napoleon ,,made ,,commander-,,in-,,chief ,,of ,,the ,,army ,,of ,,italy--,,his ,,short ,,honeymoon--,,his ,,first ,,victory--,,state ,,of ,,the ,,french ,,army--,,the ,,italian ,,campaign--,,french ,,descent ,,on ,,ireland--,,its ,,result--,,state ,,of ,,england4 ,napoleon now waxed great4 ,through ,barras' influence he was made ,commander in ,chief of the army of ,italy1 and bade adieu to his wife after the very brief period of conjugal life1 as aforesaid1 and1 on the way to join the army1 he visited his mother and family1 at ,marseilles1 writing frequent and affectionate letters to his newly married bride4 ,montenotte was his first victory1 the precursor of so many2 and on ,april #aa1 #agif1 he there defeated the ,austrian general1 ,beaulieu1 who was compelled to retreat1 leaving behind him his colours1 and cannon1 about two thousand prisoners1 and about a thousand killed4 ,the ,french army then was in a bad state1 according to a serious historian4#ca #8,the extreme poverty of the treasury may be understood from the fact that the sum of two thousand louis was all that could be collected to furnish him 7,napoleon7 with means for so important a command4 ,by an organised system of pillage1 says ,lanfrey1 the ,republican coffers were soon replenished to the amount of several millions6' ,another historian#cb says3 #8,scherer1 who was at that time commander-in-chief of the army of ,italy1 had recently urged for money to pay his troops1 and for horses to replace those of his cavalry which had perished for want of food2 and declared that1 if any delay took place in furnishing the requisite supplies1 he should be obliged to evacuate the ,genoese territory1 and repass the ,var4 ,the ,directory found it easier to remove the ,general than to comply with his request4' ,our poetic history relates3-- ,such was the army's sad condition1 ,they had no clothes nor ammunition1 ,besides1 a scarcity of food1 ,and even that little1 was not good4 ,they had no money--may be said-- ,and why8 ,the men were never paid4 ,but his intentions wisely ,nap hid1 ,whose methods were as strange as rapid4 ,he promis'd1 when he was appointed1 ,to get them everything they wanted2 ,and1 what is more1 too1 their protector be1 ,without expense to the ,directory4 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,in his deceptions he succeeded1 ,and now procur'd all that he needed4 ,his troops which were with hunger nigh dead1 ,were with good victuals soon provided2 ,they for new clothes exchang'd their rags1 ,and then with ,rhino fill'd their bags2 ,while ,nap1 as you may well believe1 ,these people laughed at in his sleeve4 ,it is not within the province of this work to follow ,napoleon in his victorious career in ,italy1 except the ,english caricaturist should notice him1 and he had not yet attained to that questionable honour2 but a very brief synopsis of his battles in #agif may be acceptable4 ,montenotte1 ,april #aa2 ,millesino1 ,april #ad2 ,dgan1 ,april #ae2 ,mondovi1 ,april #ba2 ,lodi1 ,may #aj2 ,lonado1 ,august #c2 ,castiglione1 ,august #e2 ,roveredo1 ,september #d2 ,bassano1 ,september #h2 ,san ,giargo1 ,september #ac2 ,arcola1 ,november #ae4 ,barre says3 #8,the campaign in ,italy was extremely brilliant1 and withal revolutionary4 ,buonaparte attributed all the glory almost exclusively to himself4 ,his secretary1 who wrote his despatches1 did it so as to flatter the generals and the army1 but still as if all the merit belonged to the commander-in-chief4 ,it seems that ,general ,berthier made a bargain with ,buonaparte1 to whom he sold his talents for the sake of becoming rich without any responsibility4 ,when ,buonaparte was raised by the mixed faction1 he made ,berthier ,minister of ,war2 and in that capacity he has shown himself more rapacious than any of his predecessors4 ,every contractor is obliged to give him one hundred thousand livres as a present 7pot de vin7 without which there is no contract4' ,he tells a story which bears somewhat on the above4 #8,it happened once1 that whilst he was playing at cards1 having ,general ,massena for his partner1 that general made a mistake2 when ,buonaparte started1 all of a sudden1 in a violent passion1 and exclaimed1 ,sacr ,dieu6 ,general1 you make me lose4 ,but ,general ,massena instantly retorted with a happy sarcasm3 ,be easy1 ,general1 remember that ,i often make you win4 ,buonaparte could never forget nor forgive that bon mot4' ,this story also figures in poetry3-- ,in numbers being three to one1 ,a ,battle at ,monte ,notte he won2 ,the ,austrian ,general he defeated1 ,and therefore with huzzas was greeted4 ,but1 tho' of this affair ,conductor1 ,massena had been his instructor4 ,yet1 when 7would you believe it1 ,bards87 ,nap's partner at a game of ,cards1 ,he scrupled not his friend t' abuse-- #8,zounds6 general1 how you make me lose6' ,the general1 patient all the while1 ,thus answer'd with a gracious smile1 #8,for such a loss don't care a pin1 ,remember1 ,nap1 ,i've made you win4' ,tho' nothing but the truth he spoke1 ,nap never could forgive the joke4 ,it is impossible to pass over in silence an event which happened in #agif1 in which1 although ,napoleon was not personally interested1 all ,england was4 ,this was no less than an attempted invasion of ,ireland by the ,french2 relying on being supported by the ,irish1 who were disaffected then1 as now4 ,the expedition failed1 although it was numerous and well-found1 having ,general ,hoche and #be1jjj men with it4 ,by defective seamanship1 many of the ships were damaged1 and a #gd gun ship1 the ,seduisant1 was totally lost4 ,only one division1 commanded by ,admiral ,bouvet1 reached ,ireland1 but anchored in ,bantry ,bay1 where they did nothing1 but speedily weighed anchor1 and returned to ,france4 ,the following is an official letter on the subject3-- ,dublin ,castle1 ,december #bi1 #agif4 ,my ,lord#cc--,the last accounts from ,general ,dalrymple are by his aide-de-camp1 ,captain ,gordon1 who left ,bantry at ten o'clock ,a4,m4 on ,tuesday1 and arrived here this morning4 ,seventeen sail of ,french ships were at that time at anchor on the lower part of ,bear island1 but at such a distance that their force could not be ascertained4 ,a lieutenant of a ,french frigate was driven on shore in his boat1 in attempting to quit his vessel1 which was dismasted1 to the admiral4 ,he confirms the account of the fleet being ,french1 with hostile views to this country1 but does not appear to know whether the whole fleet1 which consisted of about #ag sail of the line1 #ae frigates1 and including transports and luggers1 amounted to fifty sail1 were all to re-assemble off ,bantry4 ,general ,hoche was on board1 commanding a considerable force4 ,i have the honour to be1 my lord1 ,your lordship's most obedient servant1 ,t4 ,,pelham4 ,just let us glance for one moment at the social position of ,england at that time4 ,for the first three months of the year the quartern loaf was #as4 #c;d42 in ,april it fell to #aj;d43 in ,june it rose to #aa;d42 in ,september it fell to #h;d42 at which it remained all the year4 ,there was a surplus of revenue over expenditure of over twenty-three millions1 which must have gratified the ,chancellor of the ,exchequer2 the exports exceeded those in #agie by #a1gha1bigl41 and the ,london ,brewers brewed #adb1gjj more barrels of porter than the previous year2 #c per cent4 ,consols varied from #ga in ,january 7the highest price7 to #ef-c_/h in ,december 7nearly their lowest74 ,,chapter ,,viii4 ,,napoleon ,,despoils ,,italy ,,of ,,her ,,works ,,of ,,art--,,the ,,siege ,,of ,,mantua--,w,,rmser',s ,,surrender--,,earliest ,,english ,,caricature ,,of ,,napoleon--,,invasion ,,of ,,england--,,landing ,,in ,,pembrokeshire--,,nelson',s ,,receipt ,,to ,,make ,,an ,,olla ,,podrida--#8,,the ,,army ,,of ,,england4' ,such a subject as the spoliation of ,italian works of art was not likely to go a-begging among caricaturists1 so ,george ,cruikshank illustrated the poet ,combe4 ,illustration3 ,,seizing ,,the ,,italian ,,works ,,of ,,art4 ,as ,nap 7for his extortions fam'd71 ,of livres twenty millions claim'd2 ,which sum1 we also understand1 ,pope ,pius paid upon demand2 ,and sixteen million more1 they say1 ,was bound in two months' time to pay ,with these exactions not content1 ,to further lengths our hero went2 ,a hundred paintings1 and the best1 ,were1 we are told1 his next request4 ,at his desire1 the precious heaps came1 7,it was indeed a very deep scheme71 ,loretta's statues so pleased ,boney1 ,they instantly packed up ,madona3 ,these relics then1 without delay1 ,to ,paris ,boney sent away2 ,and there they formed an exhibition ,as proof of ,papal superstition4 ,at the siege of ,mantua1 ,wrmser sent his aide-de-camp ,klenau to ,napoleon to treat for terms of peace4 ,g4 ,cruikshank depicts the scene4 ,klenau is brought in blindfolded1 and ,bonaparte1 surrounded by his guard1 strikes a melodramatic attitude1 worthy of a pirate captain at a transpontine theatre4 ,illustration3 ,,napoleon ,,and ,,his ,,guard4 ,the real facts are thus described by ,horn4 #8,mantua was now without hope of relief4 ,the hospitals were crowded1 the provisions exhausted2 but ,wrmser still held out4 ,napoleon informed him of the rout and dispersion of the ,austrian army1 and summoned him to surrender4 ,the old soldier proudly replied that 8he had provisions for a year20 but a few days afterwards he sent his aide-de-camp1 ,klenau1 to the head-quarters of ,serrurier to treat for a surrender4 #8,at the conference1 a ,french officer sat apart from the two others1 wrapped in his cloak1 but within hearing of what passed4 ,after the discussion was finished1 this officer came forward and wrote marginal answers to the conditions proposed by ,wrmser2 granting terms far more favourable than those which might have been exacted in the extremity to which the veteran was reduced4 8,these10 said the unknown officer1 giving back the paper1 8are the terms that ,i grant1 if he opens his gates to-morrow2 and if he delays a fortnight1 a month1 or two months1 he shall have the same terms4 ,he may hold out to his last morsel of bread2 to-morrow ,i pass the ,po and march upon ,rome40 ,klenau1 recognising ,napoleon1 and struck with the generosity of the conditions he had granted1 owned that only three days' provisions remained in ,mantua4' ,the earliest ,english caricature of ,napoleon that ,i have met with1 was published on ,april #ad1 #agig1 all those hitherto given1 being of later date4 ,it is not worth reproducing1 as the artist had evidently no knowledge of what manner of man ,napoleon was4 ,it is called the #8,french ,bugabo#cd frightening the ,royal ,commanders4' ,bonaparte 7a perfectly fanciful1 and horrible sketch7 is seated on the back of some impossible ,saurian--meant1 probably1 for the devil--who is vomiting armies and cannon4 ,he calls out1 #8,egad1 they run well4 ,courez donc ,messieurs les ,princes666' ,of the two royal commanders running away1 ,frederick ,duke of ,york is calling out to his companion1 #8,i wish ,i was at ,york4 ,come on1 ,charles1 follow me4' ,fox1 who acts the part of #8the sweet little cherub that sits up aloft1' says1 #8,run1 ,frederick1 run ,charles1 ,mack1 ,wurmsell1 ,kell2 well done ,d',alvinzi1 now ,davidovich4' ,the poor ,pope is being trodden under the beast1 and cries out1 #8,oh ,lord6 this rebel son of mine pays me no homage whatever4' ,of all the attempts of the ,french to invade ,england1 perhaps the most ludicrous was that which took place in ,february #agig4 ,on the #bbnd of that month1 a ,french corvette1 and a lugger1 made for the coast of ,pembrokeshire1 and there landed some #a1bjj men4 ,two days after1 they surrendered to ,lord ,cawdor1 and were sent to ,haverfordwest3 but1 before the arrival of the military1 the peasants attacked them with rough weapons1 such as pikes and scythes4 ,the ships1 which brought this invading army over1 were captured on their return to ,brest4 ,the following is an official letter to the ,lord ,mayor1 respecting the event3-- ,my ,lord1--,i have the honour to acquaint your lordship that intelligence has been received that two ,french ,frigates1 a ,corvette1 and a lugger1 appeared off the ,east of ,pembrokeshire1 on the #bbnd instant1 and1 on the evening of that day1 disembarked some troops 7reported by deserters to be about #a1bjj men1 but without any field pieces74 ,every exertion had been made by the ,lord ,lieutenant1 and gentlemen of that county1 and its neighbourhood1 for taking the proper steps on this occasion2 and the greatest zeal and loyalty has been shewn by all ranks of people4 ,immediately1 on an account having been received at ,plymouth1 of this force having appeared in the ,bristol ,channel1 frigates were despatched from ,plymouth in quest of them4 ,i have the honour to be1 c4 ,,portland4 ,in the #8,times' of ,march #ac1 #agig1 is the following3-- ,commodore ,,nelson',s ,receipt to make an ,olla-,podrida4 ,take a ,spanish first-rate1 and an #hj gun ship and after well battering and basting them for an hour1 keep throwing in your force balls1 and be sure to let them be well seasoned4 ,your fire must never slacken for a single moment1 but must be kept up as brisk as possible during the whole time4 ,so soon as you perceive your ,spaniards to be well stewed and blended together you must then throw your own ship on board of the two-decker4 ,lash your sprit-sail-yard to her mizen-mast3 then jump into her quarter gallery1 sword in hand1 and let the rest of your boarders follow as they can4 ,the moment you appear on the #hj gun ship's quarter deck1 the ,spaniards will all throw down their arms and fly3 you will then have only to take a hop1 step and a jump1 from your stepping stone1 and you will find yourself in the middle of the first-rate's quarter-deck with all the ,spaniards at your feet4 ,your ,olla ,podrida may now be considered as completely dished and fit to be set before his ,,majesty4--,nelson's ,new ,art of ,cookery4 ,negotiations for peace with ,france had been going on during the year1 and ,lord ,malmesbury went over to ,lisle to conduct them on the part of the ,english1 but they came to nothing4 ,the ,french1 however1 in order to keep us in anxiety1 massed large quantities of troops on their coast1 which the ,directory ordered should be called the #8,army of ,england1' and they gave ,bonaparte the command of it4 ,it was destined to come to nothing4 ,napoleon had made peace with the ,austrians1 and was then given the above command4 ,among themselves#ce they had indeed1 ,on ,nap's departure all agreed2 ,for1 one of his prodigious sway1 ',twas policy to send away4 ,so ,barras1 who had such a wise head1 ,albion's immediate fall advised4 ,and to send ,boney1 he thought best1 ,to head the army in the ,west1 ,which had a pompous appellation1 ,as 'twas to rouse the ,english nation2 ,the #8,army of ,england' it was named1 ,though never for an action famed2 ,they had1 indeed1 for the occasion1 7,we mean of the resolv'd invasion71 ,rafts and ,balloons1 and ships for diving1 ,and other matters were contriving4 ,the business settled1 ,barras wrote ,to his dear ,bonaparte a note4 #8,your loving friend now reinstates you1 ,another victory awaits you-- ,to ,albion's shores conduct your army1 ,there's nothing there that can alarm ye2 ,i will each necessary thing lend1 ,that you may sack the ,bank of ,england2 ,on ,london's ,tower let them see ,the ,standard of ,french ,liberty4' ,some of the ,ministers it seems ,thought this the maddest of all schemes2 ,tho' ,barras with fine words embellish'd it-- ,not even ,mr4 ,boney relish'd it2 ,and very soon1 it must be own'd ,the project wisely was postpon'd4 ,thus stood things at the end of #agig1 a year which left the public pulse--the ,three per ,cent4 ,consols--at #di 7they had1 in ,september1 dropped to #dg-g_/h71 and the quartern loaf about eightpence all the year through4 ,,chapter ,,ix4 ,,caricatures ,,about ,,the ,,french ,,invasion--,,fox',s ,,french ,,proclivities--,,patriotism ,,in ,,the ,,country--,,expedition ,,to ,,egypt--,,nelson',s ,,blunders--,,landing ,,in ,,egypt--,,napoleon ,,as ,a ,,mahometan--,,his ,,proclamations4 ,in #agih the caricatures with regard to the relations between ,france and ,england became more numerous1 and in this year the personal entity of ,napoleon is confessed1 and his likeness1 a somewhat rough one1 but still recognisable1 is established4 ,an early one in this year is1 the #8,storm ,rising1 or the ,republican ,flotilla in danger1' ,feb4 #agih1 by ,gillray4 ,fox1 ,sheridan1 the ,duke of ,bedford1 and ,mr4 ,tierney are represented as working a windlass1 which is used to pull over the ,flotilla4 ,this is represented by a huge raft bristling with cannon2 a large fort is in the centre1 and minor ones all around which bear flags inscribed #8,liberty1 ,atheism1 ,blasphemy1 ,invasion1 ,requisitions1 ,plunder1 ,beggary1 ,murder1 ,destruction1 ,anarchy1 and ,slavery4 ,it is represented as coming from ,brest1 where the devil is seen dancing on a guillotine1 fiddling1 and singing1 8,over de ,vater6 over de ,vater to ,charley60' ,fox's coat lies on the ground1 together with a paper1 a #8,list of the ,new ,republican ,ministry4 ,citizen ,volpone 7,fox7 ,premier4' ,their designs1 however1 are being defeated by ,pitt1 who as ,eolus1 is raising a storm1 and blowing against the ,flotilla1 the ,admirals ,duncan1 ,curtis1 ,howe1 ,gardiner1 ,trollope1 ,colpoys1 ,st4 ,vincent1 ,seymour1 ,parker1 and ,onslow4 ,a somewhat similar idea was worked out in a caricature by ,isaac#cf ,cruikshank1 ,january #bh1 #aghi4 ,in ,march ,sir ,john ,dalrymple drew1 and ,gillray etched1 a series of four caricatures4 ,the first was called the #8,consequences of a successful ,french ,invasion1' and it shows the ,french clearing out the ,house of ,commons1 and the members in fetters4 ,the second engraving is1 #8,we explain de ,rights of ,man to de ,noblesse4' ,paine's doctrines are being carried out in far more than their entirety4 ,a guillotine takes the place of the throne1 and the ,french commander orders1 la ,cromwell1 one of his men1 #8,here1 take away this bauble6 but if there be any gold on it take it to my lodging4' ,illustration ,the next one is a slap in the face for ,ireland1 and is called1 #8,we fly on the wings of the wind to save the ,irish ,catholics from persecution1' and ,french sympathy is shown by a priest being stabbed1 and the holy vessels trampled on4 ,the fourth is #8,me teach de ,english ,republicans to work1' and the ,french are represented as cruel taskmasters4 ,men and women are put to work in the fields1 and ,republicans1 with fearful whips1 keep them up to the mark of efficiency4 ,others are harnessed to a plough1 and are kept well to their work by a most cruel lash4 ,napoleon gave up all idea of invading ,england1 and in ,may the expedition to ,egypt was formed4 ,fox's ,french proclivities are shown in a caricature 7the ,shrine of ,st4 ,anne's ,hill1#cg ,may #bf1 #agih1 ,gillray7 where he is seen on his knees before an altar1 on which are a cap of liberty1 and two busts of ,robespierre and ,buonaparte4 ,the reredos is composed of a guillotine1 and the tables of the ten commandments are labelled #8,droit de l'homme4 #a4 ,right to worship whom we please4 #b4 ,right to create and bow down to anything we chuse to set up4 #c4 ,right to use in vain any name we like4 #d4 ,right to work #i days in the ,week and do what we please on the tenth4 #e4 ,right to honor both ,father and ,mother when we find it necessary4 #f4 ,right to ,kill4 #g4 ,right to commit ,adultery4 #h4 ,right to ,plunder4 #i4 ,right to bear what ,witness we please4 #aj4 ,right to covet our ,neighbour's house and all that is his4' ,nichols1 ,tierney1 ,lauderdale1 ,bedford1 ,lansdowne1 and ,norfolk1 appear in the upper background as ,cherubin4 ,when the invasion panic was abroad1 patriotism was rampant1 and everybody was very brave--on paper4 ,this was the sort of stuff the people were fed on1 of which ,i will give but two or three verses out of the eight4#ch ,while deeds of ,hell deface the ,world1 ,and ,,gallia',s throne in ruin lies1 ,while round the ,earth revolt is hurl'd1 ,and ,discord's baneful ,banner flies-- ,loud shall the loyal ,,briton sing ,to arms6 to arms6 your bucklers bring1 ,to shield our ,country1 guard our ,king1 ,and ,,george and ,,england save4 ,ne'er shall the desolating ,woe ,that shades with horror ,europe o'er1 ,to us her hideous image shew1 ,or steep in blood this happy shore2 ,firm as our rock-bound ,isle we'll stand1 ,with watchful eye and iron hand1 ,to wield the might of ,,britain',s land1 ,and ,,george and ,,england save4 ,oh1 happy ,isle6 wise order'd ,state6 ,well temper'd work of ,freedom's hand6 ,no ,shock of ,realms can touch thy fate1 ,if ,union bind thy sea-girt ,land6 ,vainly the storms shall round thee ring1 ,while ,,britain',s sons in concord sing1 ,we'll shield our ,country1 guard our ,king ,and ,,george and ,,england save4 ,to give some idea of the commotion caused by the threat of invasion1 and yet not to be wearisome on the subject1 ,i will only give the warlike items in the number of the ,true ,briton1 from which the above verses are taken1 and which may be accepted as a fair sample4 #8,we understand that the ,duke of ,bedford has received an answer from his ,royal ,highness the ,commander in ,chief to his offer of service1 that it would be highly acceptable to the ,government if he would exert his influence in ,devonshire for the defence of the ,coast4' #8,his ,grace the ,duke of ,grafton has not only offered to furnish his waggons and horses to ,government1 in case of emergency1 but has also expressed his desire to encourage all his neighbours and tenants to assist with their persons and teams as far as may be in their power4' #8,last week there was a respectable ,meeting of the ,inhabitants of ,stowmarket1 at which it was unanimously agreed to form a ,volunteer ,corps of ,infantry for the defence of that ,town and ,hundred4' #8,in the county of ,bedford1 ,lord ,ongley1 ,mr4 ,trevor1 and ,mr4 ,whitbread1 raise1 each of them1 a troop of ,yeomanry4 ,the town of ,bedford raises a troop of ,volunteer ,cavalry4' #8,a ,meeting was held at ,newmarket on ,sunday last1 after ,divine ,service1 for aiding ,government in case of ,invasion1 pursuant to the ,regulations of ,mr4 ,dundas's ,defence ,bill2 when the ,inhabitants all came forward in a very laudable manner for that purpose1 and most of the labourers offered their services as pioneers1 or in any other capacity that may be deemed necessary4' #8,the farmers of the ,parish of ,tarvin1 in ,cheshire1 have set a noble example to their brethren throughout the ,kingdom1 in having entered into an agreement that they will1 at a moment's notice1 in case of actual invasion1 or imminent danger thereof1 furnish their respective teams1 with able horses and drivers1 for the service of ,government1 free from any payment or gratuity whatever2 and the number of each which they bind themselves to furnish1 are #ci waggons1 #fh carts1 #cdg horses1 and an adequate number of drivers4' ,this is the voluntary1 patriotic side of the question2 take next day's paper1 and we see1 #8,there was a sharp press from the ships in ,yarmouth ,roads on ,tuesday evening1 by which means some good ,seamen were procured4' ,there is a vast amount of humour in #8,anticipation1 ,ways and ,means1 or ,buonaparte really taken' 7,i4 ,cruikshank1 ,august #ac1 #agih74 ,this represents a booth at a country fair1 where a ,pierrot in tricolour costume 7,fox71 is showing to a lot of yokels a highly imaginative show canvas of ,napoleon1 with huge mouth and teeth1 goggle eyes1 two daggers1 and immense boots and spurs4 #8,to be seen here alive1 the noted ,bony ,parte1 from ,egypt4 ,an undoubted likeness4' ,with tears streaming down his cheeks1 he assures his audience that #8he is certainly taken4 ,i never was so pleased at any event in the whole course of my life4' ,pitt1 who1 suffering from gout1 sits down and acts as trumpeter to the show1 addresses the people thus3 #8,believe me1 ,i do not mean to deceive you this time3 he is really taken1 and in this ,booth at this present moment4 ,out with your pence good people--don't be so shy--,tumble up ,mr4 ,bull--the only booth in the fair6 don't be alarm'd--he is perfectly tame ,i assure you4' ,the expedition to ,egypt may be said to be the starting-point from which came the numerous caricatures of ,napoleon4 ,before this1 he had been known only by his victorious career in ,italy1 and had never come into active hostility with ,england2 but now that we were to measure our strength with the ,chief of the #8,army of ,england1' he became an important person1 and1 consequently1 the caricaturists1 ever feeling the public pulse1 took him up1 and found it to their benefit4 ,the occupation of ,egypt by the ,french1 if successful1 would have led to their attacking our empire in ,india1 and this was ,napoleon's design4 ,why the flotilla was ever allowed to go on its way unmolested1 is hard to conceive2 but it was so1 and on ,may1 #ai1 #agih1 sailed out of ,toulon #ac sail of the line1 #g frigates1 #fb gunboats1 and #djj transport vessels1 having #bj1jjj troops and large quantities of military stores on board4 ,there were also #aba men learned in different branches of science1 who accompanied the expedition1 and the whole was under the supreme command of ,napoleon4 ,on ,june #aa they reached ,malta1 which surrendered without resistance1 and then went on their way4 ,nelson followed them1 and got to ,malta1 where he arrived on the #bbnd1 only to find that the ,french had left some days before1 on which he sailed for ,alexandria1 getting there on ,june #bh1 but found no news of the ,french fleet2 so1 instead of waiting for them1 he steered northward for ,caramania1 and then went to ,sicily2 whence1 after refitting1 he sailed again for ,alexandria4 ,in the meantime the ,french1 of course1 took advantage of his 7to them7 lucky absence2 and1 on ,july #b1 they disembarked the army1 and took possession of ,alexandria1 but not without some loss on the side of the ,french2 and the bodies of the soldiers thus slain were by ,napoleon's orders buried at the foot of ,pompey's ,pillar1 and their names were to be engraved on the ,column4 ,and now1 as it will be a frequent article of impeachment against ,napoleon in this book1 let us examine into the truth of his turning ,mahometan1 and see1 first1 what foundation it had in fact from the mouths of his own countrymen4 ,de ,bourrienne gives a proclamation made by ,napoleon to his soldiers before their arrival in ,egypt1 from which ,i extract only those sentences bearing on this subject3-- ,head ,quarters1 on board the #8,orient4' ,the #dth ,messidor1 ,year ,,vi4 7,june #bb1 #agih47 ,soldiers1--,the people amongst whom you are going to live1 are ,mahometans4 ,the first article of their faith is this3 #8,there is no ,god but ,god1 and ,mahomet is his ,prophet4' ,do not contradict this4 ,behave to them as you have behaved to the ,jews--to the ,italians4 ,pay respect to their muftis1 and their imams1 as you did to the rabbis and the bishops4 ,extend to the ceremonies prescribed by the ,alcoran1 and to the ,mosques1 the same toleration which you showed to the synagogues1 to the religion of ,moses1 and of ,jesus ,christ4 ,the ,roman legions protected all religions4 ,and again1 the same author says3 #8,on arriving at ,alexandria1 the ,general in ,chief issued a proclamation to the people of ,egypt1 which1 besides adverting to the insults and extortions experienced by ,french merchants from the ,beys1 contained the following passages3-- #88,people of ,egypt1--,you will be told that ,i am come to destroy your religion--do not believe it4 ,be assured that ,i come to restore your rights1 to punish the usurpers1 and that ,i respect more than the ,mamelukes1 ,god1 his prophet1 and the ,alcoran4 ,tell them that all men are equal in the eye of ,god2 wisdom1 talents1 and virtue make the only difference4 #88,cadis1 ,sheiks1 ,imans1 ,scorbajis1 tell the people that we are the friends of the true ,mussulmans4 ,have we not destroyed the ,pope1 who says that war ought to be made upon ,mussulmans8 ,have we not destroyed the ,knights of ,malta1 because those bigots believed that ,god required them to raise their swords against the ,mussulmans80' ,and again 7still quoting from the same authority71 in a proclamation to the people of ,cairo1 dated from ,ghizeh1 #dth ,thermidor1 year ,,vi4 7,july #bb1 #agih73 #8,fear nothing for your families1 your houses1 or your property2 and least of all1 for the religion of the prophet1 which ,i respect 7j'aime74' ,in another proclamation to the inhabitants of ,cairo1 according to #8,buonapartiana1' he is made to say3 #8,make known to the people that since the world has been a world1 it was written1 that having destroyed the enemies of ,islamism1 the ,cross should be thrown down2 ,i have come from the extreme confines of the ,west1 to fulfil the task which has been imposed upon me4 ,shew your people that in the book of the ,koran1 in more than twenty passages1 that what has happened has been predicted1 and that what will happen is equally explained4' ,in a ,french ,history#ci he is described as conversing with the ,muftis and ,imams in the ,pyramid of ,cheops4 ,at p4 #aga he says1 #8,honour to ,allah6' at p4 #agb1 #8,glory to ,allah6 ,there is no other ,god but ,god1 ,mahomet is his prophet1 and ,i am one of his friends2' and at p4 #agc1 #8,mufti1 ,i thank you1 the divine ,koran is the joy of my soul1 and the occupation of my eyes4 ,i love the prophet2 and ,i am reckoning1 before long1 to see and honour his tomb in the ,holy ,city4' ,illustration3 ,,democratic ,,religion4 ,bonaparte turning ,turk at ,cairo for ,interest1 after swearing on the ,sacrement to support ye ,catholic ,faith4 ,it is not worth while to multiply instances4 ,his policy led him to conciliate the people1 and1 probably1 his utterances were rather more in accordance with their religious ideas than would have been conformable in the mouth of a zealous ,christian4 ,but to the ,english caricaturist and satirist they were bonnes bouches1 and they twisted and distorted them to suit their purposes4 ,it became almost an article of belief with the average ,englishman1 that ,napoleon had embraced the ,mahometan religion4 ,were there not his own proclamations to prove it8 ,gillray even depicted him as undergoing a ceremony of reception into the ,mahometan religion1 surrounded as he is by ,muftis1 one of whom puts a turban on his head1 another sonorously reads from the ,koran1 whilst a third brandishes a fearful knife for circumcision4 ,,chapter ,x4 ,,conduct ,,of ,,french ,,soldiery--,,napoleon',s ,,hatred ,,of ,,england--,,the ,,egyptian ,,campaign--,,destruction ,,of ,,the ,,mamelukes--,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,nile--,,tardy ,,news ,,thereof4 ,after the entry into ,alexandria1 ,napoleon1 by several proclamations1 imposed the strictest discipline upon his soldiers2 and1 although it is possible some irregularities may have occurred on the part of the troops1 such scenes as were depicted by ,cruikshank and ,combe1 one with his pencil1 the other with his pen1 were simply impossible4 ,he took the ,city by surprise1 ,for he was always very wise1 ,and with extreme amaze and dread1 ,to mosques the people gladly fled4 ,regenerators yet annoy'd them1 ,for they o'ertook and soon destroy'd them2 ,and horrible indeed to tell1 ,both men and women quickly fell2 ,nay1 even the infants at the breast6 ,how sad the cries of the distrest6 ,as trophies of this glorious fight1 ,the spears held up the babes to sight2 ,while this unparalleled ferocity ,was call'd amazing generosity4 ,the avowed object of ,napoleon's expedition was to punish the ,beys1 of whom there were twenty-four1 who kept up a force of some eight thousand ,mamelukes1 splendid cavalry1 recruited from slaves bought in ,georgia1 the ,caucasus1 and even in ,europe4 ,the pretence against them was injustice and oppression against ,french merchants2 but the real reason for it is in the proclamation dated on board the #8,orient1' of #dth ,messidor1 year ,,vi43 #8,soldiers1 you are about to undertake a conquest1 the effects of which on civilisation and commerce are incalculable4 ,the blow you are about to give to ,england1 will be the best aimed1 and the most sensibly felt1 she can receive1 until the time when you can give her her death blow4#dj 444 ,the ,destinies are with us4 ,the ,mameluke ,beys who favour exclusively ,english commerce1 whose extortions oppress our merchants1 and who tyrannise over the unfortunate inhabitants of the ,nile1 a few days after our arrival will no longer exist4' ,illustration3 ,,massacre ,,in ,,egypt4 ,with what intensity ,bonaparte hated ,england6 ,for example1 take this little extract from ,madame ,junot1#da to whose brother ,napoleon was speaking3 #88,england60 he then rejoined4 8,so you think in ,paris that we are going to attack it at last8 ,the ,parisians are not mistaken2 it is indeed to humble that saucy nation that we are arming4 ,england6 ,if my voice has any influence1 never shall ,england have an hour's truce4 ,yes1 yes1 war with ,england for ever1 until its utter destruction40' ,alexandria was taken and garrisoned2 but this was only the commencement of the campaign4 ,cairo must be reached speedily1 and at all hazards4 ,then came that terrible march across the desert1 from the #gth to the #ajth of ,july--with generals all but mutinous1 with ,lannes and ,murat dashing their cocked hats on the sands and trampling upon them in sight of the soldiers2 the burning sun1 the scarcity of water1 harassed by enemies1 human and insect--what joy could exceed theirs when they reached the ,nile at ,rahmani6 ,that wild rush into the water1 without even thinking of the depth1 and then the welcome shade and the juicy melons in such abundance2 it must have been a glimpse of heaven to those poor half-maddened1 half-starved soldiers4 ,after a brief rest they pushed on towards ,cairo4 ,on ,july #ai they sighted the pyramids2 on the #bast they had to encounter ,mourad ,bey1 who had a force of #h1jjj ,mamelukes1 forty pieces of cannon1 and #bj1jjj infantry ,then was it that1 pointing to those grand historical monuments1 ,napoleon addressed his soldiers with the ever-memorable and oft-quoted speech3 #8,soldiers6 ,from the summit of those pyramids forty centuries look down upon you4' ,we know the issue of that battle--how1 out of #h1jjj ,mamelukes that proudly sat their steeds that morning1 #f1jjj bit the dust ere night4 ,the ,french that day drank deep of blood1 for #aj1jjj of the ,egyptian troops lay dead on the field2 they took #a1jjj prisoners1 and all their artillery and baggage4 ,they could make no further stand1 and the way to ,cairo was open4 ,a small force under ,dupuy took possession of the city1 which they found almost deserted1 and on ,july #bd1 the ,sultan ,kebir1 or ,king of ,fire1 as the natives had christened ,napoleon1 made his formal entry into ,cairo4 ,a brief rest to tranquillise the place and restore confidence to its returning inhabitants1 and then1 leaving ,desaix in charge of the city1 ,napoleon went in pursuit of ,ibrahim ,bey1 and drove him into ,syria4 ,but what news was to welcome the conqueror back to ,cairo8 ,sad indeed was the tale he heard--nought less than the destruction and capture of his whole fleet1 save two ships1 which effected their escape4 ,nelson had made up for lost time1 and on ,august #a he fought the #8,battle of the ,nile1' when #8,l',orient' was blown up1 and young ,casabianca1 the son of the captain of the ship1 with it4 ,we all know the poem by ,mrs4 ,hemans commencing1 #8,the boy stood on the burning deck4' ,de ,bourrienne does not disguise the effect this disaster had upon ,napoleon4 ,he says3 #8,the catastrophe of ,aboukir came like a thunderbolt upon the ,general-in-,chief4 ,in spite of all his energy and fortitude1 he was deeply distressed by the disasters which now assailed him4 ,to the painful feelings excited by the complaints and dejection of his companion-in-arms1 was now added the irreparable misfortune of the burning our fleet4 ,he measured the fatal consequences of this event at a single glance4 ,we were now cut off from all communication with ,france1 and all hope of returning thither1 except by a degrading capitulation with an implacable and hated enemy4 ,bonaparte had lost all chance of preserving his conquest1 and to him this was indeed a bitter reflection4' ,but with what different feelings was the news received in ,england6 ,there was no steam1 no electricity1 then2 men did not receive their news red-hot as we do now1 but had to wait for it1 more or less calmly1 according to their temperament4 ,let us take this battle of the ,nile as an example4 ,it was fought on ,august #a4 ,on ,september #a the #8,true ,briton' 7from which the following extracts are taken7 gives its readers an #8,extract from a letter from ,strasbourg1 of the #bjth ,august1' in which a circumstantial account of the total destruction and capture of the ,french fleet by that of ,england is given1 together with a veracious statement that #8the latter lost their ,admiral ,nelson1 who1 nevertheless1 two hours before he died of his wounds1 received ,general ,buonaparte on board his ship 7the #8,culloden'7 ,prisoner1 with all his ,general ,staff4' ,this correspondent's veracity is only equalled by his impartiality4 ,on ,september #ag we hear of the sailing of the ,english fleet from ,syracuse in quest of her enemy4 ,on ,september #ba we have a quotation from the #8,redacteur' of ,september #ad3 #8,the same ,letters inform us1 that the ,squadron of ,admiral ,brueys had anchored on the coast of ,bignieres1 and was preparing to return to ,france1 when it was attacked by the ,english ,squadron1 which was superior to ours1 both in the number and the size of the vessels2 that on both sides the action was maintained with a degree of obstinacy1 of which ,history affords no example2 that during the action the ,vessel of the ,french ,admiral was burnt2 that two or three ,french ,ships sunk2 and that some others1 both ,french and ,english1 ran aground after having lost all their ,masts2 and that1 finally1 some other ,french ships1 quite disabled1 remained on the spot where the ,battle was fought4' ,,chapter ,,xi4 ,,reception ,,of ,,the ,,news ,,of ,,the ,,battle ,,of ,,the ,,nile--,,nelson ,,sends ,,french ,,admiral',s ,,sword ,,to ,,the ,,city ,,of ,,london--,,various ,,caricatures ,,on ,,the ,,battle--,,typical ,,john ,,bull4 ,it was not till ,october #b that a glimmer of the truth1 through rather a roundabout channel1 appeared in the papers2 and later on that day appeared a #8,london ,gazette extraordinary1' with ,nelson's despatches1 which were very brief4 ,who can wonder at the excessive national rejoicing8 ,people were drunk with joy4 ,take a few paragraphs from the #8,times' of ,october #c3-- #8,,drury ,,lane4--,after the play1 the news of ,admiral ,nelson's glorious victory produced a burst of patriotic exultation that has been rarely witnessed in a theatre4 8,rule ,britannia0 was unanimously called for from every part of the house1 and ,messrs4 ,kelly1 ,dignum1 ,sedgewick1 ,miss ,leak1 and ,mrs4 ,bland1 came forward and sung it1 accompanied by numbers of the audience4 ,it was called for1 and sung1 a second time4 ,the acclamations were the loudest and most fervent we have ever witnessed4 #8,the following lines1 written for the occasion1 were introduced by ,mr4 ,dignum and ,mr4 ,sedgewick-- ,again the tributary ,strain ,of grateful ,britons let us raise1 ,and to the ,heroes on the ,main1 ,triumphant add a ,nelson's praise4 ,though the ,great ,nation proudly boasts ,herself invincible to be2 ,yet our brave ,,nelson still can prove ,,britannia1 ,mistress of the ,sea4 ,the audience were not satisfied with this repeated mark of exultation1 but in the effusion of enthusiastic loyalty1 called for 8,god save the ,king10 which was received with reiterated plaudits4' #8,immediately that the news of the gallant victory obtained by ,admiral ,,nelson was known at ,lloyd's1 a subscription was opened for the relief of the widows and orphans of the brave men who perished in fighting for their country4'#db #8,every man in this country may address ,admiral ,,nelson with ,,shakespeare1 ,horatio1 thou art e'en as brave a man ,as e'er my understanding cop'd withal4 ,the ,capture of the ,french ,fleet by ,,nelson1 has reduced ,,buonaparte to the situation of ,macbeth1 ,there is no going hence1 nor tarrying here4' #8,a person last night1 in the gallery of ,drury ,lane house1 calling frequently for the tune of ,,britons ,,strike ,,home1#dc was immediately silenced by the appropriate observation of another at some distance from him1 8,why1 damn it1 they have--have not they80' #8,an affray happened last night opposite to the ,admiralty1 where the crowd was very great4 ,the mob1 as usual1 insisted on every person of genteel appearance pulling off their hats2 six ,officers passing along1 were ordered to pay the same compliment to the mobility1 and1 refusing to do so1 the populace attempted to force their hats off4 ,the ,officers drew their swords1 and it was said that some persons were wounded4' ,the next day's #8,times' 7,october #d7 says3 #8,to shew the zeal for ,illumination in honour of our late splendid ,victory1 a chaise last night passed through the town1 in which were three ,ladies1 with large cockades in their head dresses4 ,the inside of the chaise was lighted up2 a postillion was on each horse with flambeaux in their hands1 besides two outriders1 also carrying flambeaux4' #8,it was remarked by a loyal ,hibernian1 on the official news of ,admiral ,nelson's victory1 that nothing on earth could resist us by sea4' ,the mob after a day or two became so uproarious that the magistrates were compelled to order the cessation of the illuminations4 ,on ,october #c the ,court of ,common ,council met1 two hundred strong1 when the ,lord ,mayor read the subjoined letter from ,nelson-- ,vanguard1 ,mouth of the ,nile3 ,august #hth1 #agih4 ,my ,lord1--,having the honour of being a freeman of the ,city of ,london1 ,i take the liberty of sending to your ,lordship the sword of the commanding ,french admiral1 ,monsieur ,blanquet1 who survived after the battle of the #ast1 off the ,nile1 and request that the ,city of ,london will honour me with the acceptance of it1 as a remembrance that ,britannia still rules the waves2 which that she may for ever do1 is the fervent prayer of ,your lordship's ,most obedient ,servant ,,horatio ,,nelson4 ,right hon4 the ,lord ,mayor of ,london4 ,naturally1 this gratifying memorial of this splendid victory was welcomed with enthusiasm1 and orders were given to provide a suitable case1 with inscription1 for it2 and the ,council voted ,nelson a sword1 value #bjj guineas2 also the freedom of the ,city in a gold box1 value #ajj guineas1 to ,captain ,berry1 who was captain of the admiral's flagship1 the #8,vanguard2' and the thanks of the court to every one concerned4 ,the caricaturists soon pounced upon the subject1 and the way in which the news of the victory was taken by different statesmen is very amusingly shown4 7,gillray1 ,october #c1 #agih47 ,burdett1 who is always represented with his crop of hair combed over his eyes1 is reading the #8,extraordinary ,gazette1' and1 in astonishment1 exclaims1 #8,sure ,i cannot see clear8' ,jekyll is telling ,lord ,lansdowne how nine ,french ships of war were captured and two burnt2 but his lordship claps his hands to his ears1 and calls out1 #8,i can't hear1 ,i can't hear4' ,the ,duke of ,bedford will not believe it1 and is tearing up the notification of #8the complete destruction of ,buonaparte's ,fleet1' exclaiming1 #8,it's all a damn'd ,lye2' whilst poor ,erskine1 with ,republican briefs before him1 drops the paper which tells him of the capture of ,bonaparte's despatches1 and1 with a smelling-bottle to his nose1 plaintively calls out1 #8,i shall faint1 ,i1 ,i1 ,i4' ,the poor ,duke of ,norfolk1 whose many empty bottles of port testify to his inebriate condition1 is very ill1 and gives his opinion that #8,nelson and the ,british ,fleet' is #8a sickening toast4' ,tierney is in despair1 and with the #8,end of the ,irish ,rebellion' in his pocket1 and on his knees a paper1 #8,end of the ,french ,navy4 ,britannia rules the ,waves1' calls out1 with upturned eyes1 #8,ah6 our hopes are all lost4' ,moodily1 with his head resting on his hands1 sits ,sheridan1 with a #8,list of the ,republican ,ships taken and destroyed' before him1 and his thoughts are of prudence1 #8,i must lock up my ,jaw4' ,black-visaged ,fox1 wearing a ,cap of ,liberty1 has kicked over the stool that hitherto has supported him1 and mournfully bidding #8,farewell to the ,whig ,club1' says1 #8and ,i---- end with clat4' ,illustration ,this victory of the ,nile is very graphically depicted 7,gillray1 ,october #f1 #agih7 in the #8,extirpation of the ,plagues of ,egypt2--,destruction of ,revolutionary ,crocodiles2--or--,the ,british ,hero cleansing ye ,mouth of ye ,nile4' ,here ,nelson has half-a-dozen crocodiles 7typical of captured ,french ships7 hooked and in his power1 whilst1 with a stout cudgel of #8,british ,oak1' he is spreading deadly blows and consternation into a quantity of tricoloured crocodiles4 ,the blowing up of the #8,orient' is shown by one crocodile which is thus being destroyed4 ,another caricature 7,october #g1 #agih7 of the victory of the ,nile is #8,the ,gallant ,nellson bringing home two uncommon fierce ,french ,crocodiles from the ,nile as a present to the ,king4' ,the one-armed hero is leading by a chain ,fox and ,sheridan1 who have their jaws muzzled by rings1 and ,fox's mouth is also secured by a padlock1 #8a mouthpiece for hypocrites4' ,they are both weeping copiously1 after the fabled manner of crocodiles4 ,nelson is saying1 #8,come along you ,hypocritical dogs1 ,i dare say your ,dam'd sorry now for what you've done4 ,no1 no1 ,i shall bring you to my ,,master2' whilst ,john ,bull1 habited as a countryman1 exclaims1 #8,aye1 aye1 what6 ,horatio has got 'em at last4 ,why1 these be the ,old ,cock ,deviles4 ,i thought as how he would not go so far for nothing4' ,this goes well with that of ,october #c4 ,a very curious caricature is 7,ansell1 ,october #bd1 #agih7 ,bonaparte in ,egypt1 #8,a terrible ,turk preparing a ,mummy for a present to the ,grand ,nation4' ,a ,turk1 terrible indeed1 has ,napoleon by the throat1 and1 with sword in hand1 is going to despatch him1 saying1 #8,as for you1 you ,dog of no ,religion1 ,i'll sacrifice you at the tomb of the ,prophet1 whose name you have prophaned for the purposes of ,murder1 ,rapine1 and ,plunder4' ,napoleon1 whose defenceless state is typified by his swordless scabbard being broken1 is endeavouring to mollify the wrath of the ,turk4 #8,now1 mild and gentle ,sir1 don't be so rough3 do you think ,i would cut your throat1 ravish your wives1 or plunder your house8 ,no1 by ,mahomet ,i would not4 ,sacr ,dieu1 ,i would not4 ,ah1 ,diable1 you'll choak me4' ,fox1 ,erskine1 ,sheridan1 and the ,duke of ,norfolk are kneeling down1 begging for ,napoleon's life1 whilst a ,turk1 who exclaims1 #8,you agree together so well1 ,i think ,i'll fix you together for life1' has a bowstring ready to strangle all four4 ,pleads ,fox1 #8,pray don't hurt our dear friend1 he would not hurt ,man1 ,woman1 or ,child4 ,he can't bear the sight of blood2 as for plunder or deception1 he is the determined enemy to both1 by ---- he is1 and we are ready to swear it4' ,sheridan and ,erskine say--the one1 #8d--n me if he ayn't1 and we are ready to swear it2' the other1 #8,i'll swear it1 ,i1 ,i1 ,i1 swear it4' ,illustration #8,john ,bull taking a luncheon' 7,gillray1 ,october #bd1 #agih7 is an extremely graphic caricature1 and introduces us to the popular idea of ,john ,bull1 who1 certainly1 is never represented in this period with any of the refinement that ,leech1 ,doyle1 ,tenniel1 or any of our modern caricaturists depict him2 tastes and habits were coarser then than now1 and ,john ,bull was always shown in the rough4 ,the second portion of the title of the picture helps us to realise the popular fancy1 #8or--,british ,cooks cramming old ,grumble ,gizzard with ,bonne ,chre4' ,all his admirals and captains are bringing him food4 ,nelson presents him with a ,fricasee la ,nelson1 a huge dish of ,french ships2 others are bearing dishes1 such as ,desert la ,warren1 ,fricando la ,howe1 la ,gardner1 la ,bridport1 la ,vincent1 ,dutch ,cheese la ,duncan4 ,john ,bull is seated1 devouring these viands1 which are to be washed down with mighty draughts of ,true ,british ,stout1 exclaiming1 #8,what6 more ,frigasees8 why you sons o' b----s1 you1 where do you think ,i shall find room to stow all you bring in8' ,fox and ,sheridan are seen through an open window1 running away1 calling out1 #8,oh curse his ,guts1 he'll take a chop at us next4' ,there is another one with similar motif by ,ansell1 ,november #a1 #agih4 ,illustration ,the #8destruction of the ,french ,collossus' 7,gillray1 ,november #a1 #agih7 is a painful picture4 ,the huge creation strides from ,egypt to ,france2 its head being a skull1 with vipers crawling in and out--its hands and feet being imbrued in blood2 it clutches the guillotine1 and tramples the ,bible1 ,crucifix1 and scales of ,justice under foot4 ,round its neck is the bleeding head of ,louis ,,xvi4 ,britannia 7typified by a shield of the national flag7 hurls a thunderbolt1 and shatters the huge statue into pieces4 ,,chapter ,,xii4 ,,revolt ,,and ,,massacre ,,at ,,cairo--,,caricatures ,,of ,,the ,,capture ,,of ,,french ,,ships--,,fighting ,,for ,,the ,,dunghill1 ,,etc4--,,price ,,of ,,bread ,,and ,,consols ,,in #agih4 ,i have omitted an episode which1 to be chronologically correct1 should have been introduced earlier2 and here1 as usual1 we find a ,french authority for what might seem an ,english slander3 mile de la ,bdolire1 in his #8,tableau ,chronologique de l',histoire de ,napolon1' gives the story of the revolt at ,cairo very tersely3-- ,october #ba4--#8;,during two months the ,mussulmans patiently supported the yoke of the conquerors2 but the establishment of a registration of landed property became the cause of a violent insurrection4 #8,on the #cjth ,vendemaire1 year ,,vii4 7,october #ba1 #agih71 a multitude ran through the streets1 and massacred all the ,french they met4 ,bonaparte repaired to the scene1 and took measures to cut the communications between the different quarters of the city1 which were in the hands of the insurgents4 ,fifteen thousand of them took refuge in the great mosque1 and refused to surrender4 ,a hail of bombs1 shells1 and bullets1 threatened to engulph them under the dbris of their last asylum4 ,soon they uttered lamentable cries1 implored the mercy of the general-in-chief1 and surrendered at discretion4' ,combe thus versifies this event3-- ,mock liberty caus'd disaffection1 ,and soon commenc'd an insurrection4 ,according to our hero's plan ,of course a massacre began3 ,the streets were clear'd1 and all the men ,ran to the mosques for refuge then4 ,the troops1 tho'1 having forc'd the doors1 ,strew'd with combustibles the floors1 ,and such indeed the conflagration1 ,it was a grand illumination2 ,with screams and groans the air was fill'd1 ,for some were burn'd and some were kill'd-- ,all indiscriminately slain1 ,who had for quarter begg'd in vain4 ,at length our hero was inclin'd ,tho' somewhat slowly1 to be kind2 ,he granted quarter1 and he trusted ,all would be quietly adjusted4 ,he knew1 which certainly was verified1 ,they had sufficiently been terrified4 ,cruikshank1 of course1 grossly exaggerates the fact1 and represents the ,french soldiery savagely attacking1 even with pickaxes1 the ,egyptians who are endeavouring to escape from the mosque4 ,in ,november 7#abth7 of this year1 ,rowlandson produced a plate called #8,high fun for ,john ,bull1 or the ,republicans put to their last shift4' ,this represents him as being in great glee at having captured so many ships1 whilst the ,french are hard at work making fresh ones1 which they are baking by batches in a ,dutch ,oven 7an allusion to their being built in ,holland74 ,a ,frenchman1 with a large trayful of ships1 calls out1 #8,sacre dieu1 ,citoyens1 make a ,haste wit one autre ,fleet1 den we will shew you how to make one grande ,invasion4' ,another1 a ,spaniard1 with a tray of cannon on his head1 says1 #8,how6 ,that ,nelson1 wit one ,arm and ,eye can take our ,ships by ,dozens1 then vat shall we do against the autres1 wid two ,arms and ,eyes1 dey will have two dozen at a time4' ,a stolid ,dutchman is baking a batch1 grumbling the while1 #8,donder and ,blaxam to dis ,fraternization2 instead of smoaking mine ,pipes and sacking ,de ,gold1 dis ,french ,broders make me build ships dat ,mynheer ,jan ,bull may have de ,fun to take dem4' ,another ,frenchman adds1 #8,well you may talk1 make haste1 when dat ,english ,nelson take our ships by the ,douzaine4' ,illustration ,john ,bull1 who holds a whip in his hand1 says1 #8,what6 you could not find that out before1 you stupid ,dupes2 but since you began the fun1 you shall keep on4 ,so work away1 ,damn ye1 else ,jack ,tar will soon be idle4' ,a sailor carrying a trayful of ships on his head1 calls out1 #8,push on1 keep moving1 ,i'll soon come for another cargo4 ,old ,england for ever4 ,huzza6' #8,fighting for the ,dunghill--or--,jack ,tar settling ,buonaparte1' is by ,gillray1 ,november #bj1 #agih4 ,napoleon is terribly punished1 his body being a mass of bruises and wounds1 the worst being a large one in the breast1 and labelled ,nelson4 ,blood is streaming from his nose1 and ,jack is driving him out of the world altogether1 having his foot upon ,malta1 whilst ,napoleon is insecure in ,turkey4 ,this engraving is an extremely typical one of the burly1 beef-fed ,englishman1 and the #8skinny ,frenchman1' the #8,johnny ,crapaud' of the time1 any number of whom an ,englishman was supposed to be a match for-- ,one skinny ,frenchman1 two ,portugee1 ,one jolly ,englishman beat 'em all three4 ,napoleon is depicted by ,gillray 7,december #h1 #agih7 as being in a fearful rage--and an extremely diverting sketch it is4 ,it is called #8,buonaparte hearing of ,nelson's ,victory1 swears by his sword to extirpate the ,english from off the ,earth4 ,see ,buonaparte's ,speech to the ,french ,army at ,cairo1 published by authority of the ,directory in ,volney's ,letters4' ,his melodramatic pose1 and costume1 are superb4 ,a huge cocked hat and feathers1 the hat adorned with a crescent 7to show his supposed ,mahometan proclivities71 as well as a tricoloured cockade1 surmounts his head1 which bears a most ferocious expression1 somewhat heightened by the formidable pigtail which he wears4 ,a huge green necktie is round his neck1 and he wears a tricoloured scarf1 in which are stuck a pistol and dagger2 boots1 with huge spurs1 add to the dignity of the costume4 ,he is waving his bloody sword1 and stamps upon a paper1 #8,nelson's ,victory over the ,fleet of the ,republic1' while he shouts out3 #8,what8 our ,fleet captured and destroyed by the slaves of ,britain8 by my sword and by holy ,mahomet ,i swear eternal ,vengeance6 yes1 when ,i have subjected ,egypt1 subdued the ,arabs1 the ,druses1 and the ,maronites2 become master of ,syria2 turn'd the great river ,euphrates1 and sailed upon it through the sandy deserts2 compelled to my assistance the ,bedouins1 ,turcomans1 ,kurds1 ,armenians1 and ,persians2 formed a million of cavalry1 and pass'd them upon rafts1 six or seven hundred miles over the ,bosphorus1 ,i shall enter ,constantinople4 ,now ,i enter the ,theatre of ,europe1 ,i establish the republic of ,greece1 ,i raise ,poland from its ruins1 ,i make ,prussia bend ye knee to ,france1 ,i chain up ye ,russian bear1 ,i cut the head from ye ,imperial ,eagle1 ,i drive the ferocious ,english from the ,archipelago1 ,i hunt them from the ,mediterranean1 and blot them out from the catalogue of ,nations4 ,then shall the conquer'd ,earth sue for ,peace1 and an ,obelisk be erected at ,constantinople1 inscribed 8,to ,buonaparte1 conqueror of the ,world1 and extirpator of the ,,english ,,nation40' ,this brings the year #agih to a close of the prosperity1 or otherwise1 of which we may judge by the price of the quartern loaf1 which averaged #h;d4 for the year1 and by the three per cent4 ,consols41 which were #di-e_/h in ,january1 and #eb-e_/h in ,december2 but in this1 as in other stocks1 there was much fluctuation3 for instance1 in ,september ,consols4 were #di-g_/h2 then came the news of the victory of the ,nile1 and up they went to #ef1 only1 however1 to fall to #ej4 ,but they rose again in ,november to #eg-e_/h1 fell again to #eb-a_/h1 and rose in ,december to #ef4 ,,chapter ,,xiii4 ,,reported ,,attempt ,,to ,,assassinate ,,napoleon--,,his ,,amour ,,with ,,madame ,,four,s--,,the ,,egyptian ,,campaign--,,the #8,,savants'--,,caricatures ,,on ,,them4 ,the new year opens with a somewhat curious print by ,i4 ,cruikshank1 ,january #a1 #agii1 of the #8,ghost of ,buonaparte appearing to the ,directory4' ,the latter are in fearful dismay at the apparition1 which1 attired in the airiest of costume1 shakes his notched sword at them1 saying1 #8,regicides1 ,parricides1 ,matricides1 and ,patricides1 this is the effect of your insatiable thirst for ,conquest2 this is your reward for my glorious ,achievements in ,italy1 ,germany1 c4--to die by the hand of an ,assassin1 a d--d ,mussulman3 and all my ,brave ,legions ,destroyed by ,water melons and the ,arabs4 ,go1 ,murderers in cold blood1 may your conscious guilt ever prey upon your vitals1 and may the name of ,nelson ever haunt you1 sleeping and waking'6 ,what is meant by his dying #8by the hand of an ,assassin1' ,i do not know2 but probably some rumour was afloat to that effect1 as ,barre observes3 #8,whilst ,buonaparte and his army were thus cut off from ,europe1 the most absurd reports were spread 7no doubt by the partisans of the artful ,corsican7 representing him as a victim of the ,directory1 who had thought proper to remove so great1 famous1 and fortunate a general4 #8,they pretended that the ,directory1 unable to repay the signal services of ,buonaparte1 and1 fearing1 at the same time1 his popularity1 had contrived1 with ,talleyrand1 to flatter the ambitious vanity of that young conqueror with an expedition1 which would raise his fame above the glory acquired by ,alexander1 or ,csar4 ,they added1 that1 as ,buonaparte was sure of being director at the next election1 the ,directory had resolved to put him out of the way1 by sacrificing him and his army2 having even directed that the fleet should be exposed to certain destruction1 in order that no possibility could exist of his return4' ,the #8,times' of ,january #b1 #agii1 has the subjoined3-- ,the following ,epigram has been handed about in ,paris4 ,the ,french points are all that can be remembered by the ,gentleman who has put it in an ,english dress4 #8,france1 to get rid of ,turbulence1 ,sends her best ,soldiers far from hence1 ,with promises1 and wishes1 hearty2 ,pleas'd and content that what so e'er ,may happen either here or there1 ,to hazard all in ,bon-parte4 #8,and still1 though rous'd by home alarms1 ,nay1 threatened by the world in arms1 ,france holds her head up bold and hearty-- ,since now each ,directorial ,elf1 ,by losing ,bonaparte's self ,enjoys the loss in ,bon-parte4' ,meanwhile ,napoleon was taking things pretty easily in ,egypt1 enjoying himself after his manner4 ,it is a marvel that none of the ,english caricaturists ever depicted this portion of his life4 ,true1 ,gillray1 as we have seen1 drew him in ,turkish costume2 but he never wore it but once1 and then but for a very short time4 ,but why did they spare him in his amour with ,madame ,fours 7,pauline1 or ,queen of the ,east1 as the army christened her78 ,de ,bourrienne makes no secret of it4 ,he says3 #8,about the middle of ,september in this year 7#agih71 ,buonaparte ordered to be brought to the house of ,elfy ,bey1 half a dozen ,asiatic women1 whose beauty he had heard highly extolled4 ,however1 their ungraceful obesity displeased him1 and they were immediately dismissed4 ,a few days after1 he fell violently in love with ,madame ,fours1#dd the wife of a lieutenant of ,infantry4 ,she was very pretty1 and her charms were enhanced by the rarity of seeing a woman1 in ,egypt1 who was calculated to please the eye of a ,european4 ,bonaparte engaged1 for her1 a house adjoining the palace of ,elfy ,bey1 which he occupied4 ,he frequently ordered dinner to be prepared there1 and ,i used to go there with him at seven o'clock1 and leave him at nine4 #8,this connection soon became the general subject of gossip at head-quarters4 ,through a feeling of delicacy to ,m4 ,fours1 the ,general in ,chief gave him a mission to the ,directory4 ,he embarked at ,alexandria1 and the ship was captured by the ,english1 who1 being informed of the ,cause of his mission1 were malicious enough to send him back to ,egypt1 instead of keeping him prisoner4' ,but he was not one to waste much time in dalliance4 ,turkey was not at all satisfied with the occupation of ,egypt1 and two armies were assembled1 one in ,syria1 and one at ,rhodes2 the former of which had already pushed forward into ,egyptian territory as far as ,el-,arisch1 and also a train of artillery had been placed at ,jaffa 7the ancient ,joppa74 ,the commander of this corps d'arme 7,achmet ,pacha7 had earned the unenviable title of ,djezzar1 or the ,butcher4 ,napoleon1 very early in the year #agii1 marched against him1 his busy brain having schemed the plan of crushing these ,turkish troops1 a demonstration against ,constantinople itself1 a forced peace with the ,porte1 and then hey6 for ,india4 ,to pave the way for this latter he actually wrote to ,tippoo ,sahib1 saying he was coming to deliver him from the ,english yoke1 and requesting his answer1 which he might possibly have received1 had not ,tippoo been killed on ,may #d of that year4 ,napoleon1 by way of conciliating the ,egyptians1 assisted at the celebration of #8,ramadan1' with great pomp1 which1 naturally1 would afford his detractors another opportunity for outcry at his ,mahometan proclivities4 ,as soon as it was over1 he set out against ,achmet ,pacha1 and1 on ,february #ag1 ,el-,arisch capitulated1 and the army marched to ,gaza4 ,how the vanguard lost their way1 and their terrible sufferings in the desert1 it boots not to tell4 ,gaza was taken1 its stores were confiscated1 and then ,jaffa was their bourne1 which was reached1 and invested1 on ,march #d4 ,before reading the sad page of history which ,jaffa gives us1 let us glance at one or two caricatures which appeared in ,england about this time4 ,napoleon had taken with him1 in his expedition to ,egypt1 ,denon and divers other learned men to investigate the archology of the country1 c41 and most valuable were the services of #8the ,institute1' as this body of savants was called4 ,they furnished some fun to the army1 and the cry1 when any danger threatened1 of #8the ,asses and the ,savants to the centre1' was naturally productive of mirth2 the army also christening the asses #8,demi-savants4' ,gillray makes great fun of the expedition to ,egypt1 and satirises the ,french soldiers unmercifully2 nor do the poor savants who accompanied the army fare any better4 ,a good example is the #8,siege de la ,colonne de ,pompe1 or ,science in the ,pillory1' published ,march #f1 #agii4 ,at the foot of the picture is3 #8,it appears by an intercepted letter from ,general ,kleber1 dated ,alexandria1 #e brumaire1 #gth year of the ,republic1 that when the garrison was obliged to retire into the ,new ,town1 at the approach of the ,turkish ,army1 under the ,pacha of ,rhodes1 a party of the savans1 who had ascended ,pompey's ,pillar for scientific purposes1 was cut off by a ,band of ,bedouin ,arabs1 who1 having made a large ,pile of ,straw1 and dry ,reeds1 at the foot of the ,pillar1 set fire to it1 and rendered unavailing the gallant defence of the learned ,garrison1 of whose ,catastrophe the above design is intended to convey an idea4 #8,to study ,alexandria's store ,of ,science1 ,amru deem'd a bore ,and briefly set it burning4 ,the ,man was ignorant1 'tis true1 ,so sought one comprehensive view ,of the light shed by learning4 ,your modern ,arabs grown more wise1 ,french vagrant ,science duly prize2 ,they've fairly bit the biters4 ,they've learnt the style of ,hebert's ,jokes1 ,amru to books confined his ,hoax2 ,these ,bedouins roast the writers4' ,the savants are1 indeed1 in a parlous state1 on the broad summit of the pillar1 exposed to fire from below1 and the guns and pistols of the ,arabs2 they defend themselves as well as possible by hurling their globes1 and scientific instruments1 at their assailants1 who are exceedingly astonished at them4 ,a balloon1 ,la ,diligence d',abyssinie1 is fired at1 and struck1 the aeronauts1 one of whom has a parachute1 being precipitated to the ground4 #8,the ,institute1' which was modelled on that of ,paris1 also gave scope to ,gillray's facile pencil1 and he published a series of half a dozen plates1 in the first one of which it was most amusingly caricatured4 ,it was published on ,march #ab1 #agii1 and called1 #8,l',insurrection de l',institut ,amphibie--,the pursuit of ,knowledge4' ,a savant is depicted as studying a work #8,sur l',education du ,crocodile1' some plates from which have dropped out4 ,they show how useful the crocodile may become1 by training1 to tow vessels1 and to ride and drive on land4 ,he evidently is intending to put his theories into practice1 for he has brought with him1 to the river's side1 a saddle1 a fearfully cruel bridle1 and a huge whip1 when he is seized by an enormous saurian1 and devoured4 ,another learned man1 who has been reading #8,les ,droits du ,crocodile1' drops it1 when he finds one of these creatures asserting its rights by seizing his coat-tails4 ,,chapter ,,xiv4 ,,taking ,,of ,,jaffa1 ,,and ,,massacre ,,of ,,soldiers--,,de ,,bourrienne',s ,,account--,,napoleon',s ,,own ,,version4 ,it is sad to turn from this rollicking fun to the episode of ,jaffa2 but it cannot be dismissed1 as it has afforded so much employment to the detractors of ,napoleon1 and to the ,english satirists of the time4 ,first of all1 let us give the version of an eye-witness 7,de ,bourrienne71 friend of1 and secretary to1 ,napoleon4 ,it is rather long1 but no word of it can be omitted1 as it gives every argument that can be brought forward to palliate the sickening massacre4 #8,on the #dth of ,march we commenced the siege of ,jaffa4 ,that paltry place1 which1 to round a sentence1 was pompously styled the ancient ,joppa1 held out only to the #fth of ,march1 when it was taken by storm1 and given up to pillage4 ,the massacre was horrible4 ,general ,bonaparte sent his aides de camp1 ,beauharnais and ,croisier1 to appease the fury of the soldiers as much as possible1 to observe what was passing1 and to report to him4 ,they learnt that a considerable part of the garrison had retired into some vast buildings1 a sort of caravanserais1 which formed a large enclosed court4 ,beauharnais and ,croisier1 who were distinguished by wearing the aide de camp scarf on the arm1 proceeded to that place4 #8,the ,arnauts and ,albanians1 of whom these refugees were almost entirely composed1 cried1 from the windows1 that they were willing to surrender1 upon an assurance that they would be exempted from the massacre to which the town was doomed2 if not1 they threatened to fire on the aides de camp1 and to defend themselves to the last extremity4 ,the two officers thought that they ought to accede to the proposition1 notwithstanding the decree of death which had been pronounced against the whole garrison1 in consequence of the town being taken by storm4 ,they brought them to our camp in two divisions1 one consisting of about two thousand five hundred men1 the other of about fifteen hundred4 #8,i was walking with ,general ,bonaparte1 in front of his tent1 when he saw this multitude of men approaching1 and1 before he even saw his aides de camp1 he said to me in a tone of profound sorrow1 8,what do they wish me to do with these men8 ,have ,i food for them8 ships to convey them to ,egypt or ,france8 ,why1 in the ,devil's name1 have they served me thus80 ,after their arrival1 and the explanations which the ,general in ,chief demanded1 and listened to with anger1 ,eugene and ,croisier received the most severe reprimand for their conduct4 #8,but the deed was done4 ,four thousand men were there4 ,it was necessary to decide upon their fate4 ,the two aides de camp observed1 that they had found themselves alone in the midst of numerous enemies1 and that he had directed them to restrain the carnage4 8,yes1 doubtless10 replied the ,general in ,chief1 with great warmth1 8as to women1 children1 and old men--all the peaceable inhabitants2 but not with respect to armed soldiers4 ,it was your duty to die1 rather than bring these unfortunate creatures to me4 ,what do you want me to do with them80 ,these words were pronounced in the most angry tone4 #8,the prisoners were then ordered to sit down1 and were placed1 without any order1 in front of the tents1 their hands tied behind their backs4 ,a sombre fury was depicted in their countenances4 ,we gave them a little biscuit and bread1 squeezed out of the already scanty supply for the army4 #8,on the first day of their arrival1 a council of war was held in the tent of the ,general in ,chief1 to determine what course should be pursued with respect to them4 ,the ,council deliberated a long time without coming to any decision4 #8,on the evening of the following day1 the daily reports of the generals of division came in4 ,they spoke of nothing but the insufficiency of the rations1 the complaints of the soldiers--of their murmurs and discontent at seeing their bread given to enemies1 who had been withdrawn from their vengeance1 inasmuch as a decree of death1 in conformity with the laws of war1 had been passed on ,jaffa4 ,all these reports were alarming1 and especially that of ,general ,bon1 in which no reserve was made4 ,he spoke of nothing less than the fear of revolt1 which would be justified by the serious nature of the case4 #8,the ,council assembled again4 ,all the generals of division were summoned to attend1 and1 for several hours together1 they discussed1 under separate questions1 what measures might be adopted1 with the most sincere desire to discover and execute one which would save the lives of these unfortunate prisoners4 #8,should they be sent to ,egypt8 could it be done8 #8,to do so1 it would be necessary to send with them a numerous escort1 which would too much weaken our little army in the enemy's country4 ,how1 besides1 could they and the escort be supported till they reached ,cairo1 having no provisions to give them on setting out1 and1 their route being through a hostile territory1 which we had exhausted1 which presented no fresh resources1 and through which we1 perhaps1 might have to return8 #8,should they be embarked8 #8,where were the ships8 where could they be found8 ,all our optical instruments1 directed over the sea1 could not descry a single friendly sail4 ,bonaparte1 ,i affirm1 would have regarded such an event as a real favour of fortune4 ,it was1 and ,i am glad to have to say it1 this sole idea1 this sole hope1 which made him brave1 for three days1 the murmurs of his army4 ,but in vain was help looked for1 seawards--,it did not come4 #8,should the prisoners be set at liberty8 #8,they would then proceed to ,st4 ,jean d',acre to reinforce the ,pacha1 or else1 throwing themselves into the mountains of ,naplouse1 would greatly annoy our rear and right flank1 and deal out death to us1 as a recompense for the life we had given them4 ,there could be no doubt of this4 ,what is a ,christian dog to a ,turk8 ,it would even have been a religious and meritorious act in the eyes of the ,prophet4 #8,could they be incorporated1 disarmed1 with our soldiers in the ranks8 #8,here again the question of food presented itself in all its force4 ,next came to be considered the danger of having such comrades1 while marching through an enemy's country4 ,what might happen in the event of a battle before ,st4 ,jean d',acre8 ,could we even tell what might occur during the march8 and--finally--what must be done with them when under the ramparts of that town1 if we should be able to take them there8 ,the same embarrassments with respect to the questions of provisions1 and security1 would then recur with increased force4 #8,the third day arrived without its being possible1 anxiously as it was desired1 to come to any conclusion favourable to the preservation of these unfortunate men4 ,the murmurs in the camp grew louder--the evil went on increasing--remedy appeared impossible--danger was real and imminent4 #8,the order for shooting the prisoners was given and executed on the #ajth of ,march4 ,we did not1 as has been stated1 separate the ,egyptians from the other prisoners4 ,there were no ,egyptians4 #8,many of the unfortunate creatures composing the smaller division1 which was fired on close to the sea-coast1 at some distance from the other column1 succeeded in swimming to some reefs of rocks out of the reach of musket shot4 ,the soldiers rested their muskets on the sand1 and1 to induce the prisoners to return1 employed the ,egyptian signs of reconciliation1 in use in that country4 ,they came back2 but1 as they advanced1 they were killed1 and disappeared among the waves4' ,thus far ,de ,bourrienne4 ,now let us hear what ,napoleon himself says of the matter4#de #8,he spoke about the measures which he had caused to be taken at ,jaffa4 8,after the assault10 said he1 8it was impossible to restore any kind of discipline until night4 ,the infuriated soldiers rushed into the streets in search of women4 ,you know what kind of people the ,turks are4 ,a few of them kept up a fire in the streets4 ,the soldiers1 who desired nothing more1 whenever a shot was discharged1 cried out that they were fired upon from certain houses1 which they immediately broke open1 and violated all the women they found40 #8,i replied#df that ,miot 444 positively asserted that he 7,napoleon7 had caused between three and four thousand ,turks to be shot1 some days after the capture of ,jaffa4 ,napoleon answered3 8,it is not true that there were so many4 ,i ordered about a thousand or twelve hundred to be shot1 which was done4 ,the reason was1 that amongst the garrison of ,jaffa1 a number of ,turkish troops were discovered1 whom ,i had taken a short time before at ,el-,arish1 and sent to ,bagdat upon their parole not to serve again1 or to be found in arms against me for a year4 ,i had caused them to be escorted twelve leagues on their way to ,bagdat1 by a division of my army4 ,but those ,turks1 instead of proceeding to ,bagdat1 threw themselves into ,jaffa1 defended it to the last1 and cost me a number of brave men to take it1 whose lives would have been spared1 if the others had not reinforced the garrison of ,jaffa4 ,moreover1 before ,i attacked the town1 ,i sent them a flag of truce4 ,immediately afterwards we saw the head of the bearer elevated on a pole over the wall4 ,now1 if ,i had spared them again1 and sent them away upon their parole1 they would directly have gone to ,st4 ,jean d',acre1 where they would have played over again the same scene that they had done at ,jaffa4 ,in justice to the lives of my soldiers1 as every general ought to consider himself as their father1 and them as his children1 ,i could not allow this4 #88,to leave as a guard a portion of my army1 already small and reduced in number1 in consequence of the breach of faith of those wretches1 was impossible4 ,indeed1 to have acted otherwise than ,i did1 would probably have caused the destruction of my whole army4 ,i1 therefore1 availing myself of the rights of war1 which authorise the putting to death prisoners taken under such circumstances1 independent of the right given to me by having taken the city by assault1 and that of retaliation on the ,turks1 ordered that the prisoners taken at ,el-,arish1 who1 in defiance of their capitulation1 had been found bearing arms against me1 should be selected out and shot4 ,the rest1 amounting to a considerable number1 were spared4 ,i would10 continued he1 8do the same thing again to-morrow1 and so would ,wellington1 or any general commanding an army under similar circumstances60' ,between these two partial accounts there are grave discrepancies--both parties trying1 as far as possible1 to excuse the deed2 but1 if ,de ,bourrienne can be relied on1 his account of the cold-blooded massacre must be the true one1 for he says1 #8,i confine myself to those details of this act of dreadful necessity of which ,i was an eye-witness4' ,,chapter ,,xv4 ,,the ,,massacre ,,at ,,jaffa 7continued7--,,english ,,evidence ,,thereon--,,siege ,,of ,,st4 ,,jean ,d',,acre--,,capture ,,of ,,napoleon',s ,,battering ,,train--,,failure ,,of ,,the ,,siege1 ,,and ,,retreat ,,to ,,jaffa4 ,it is a singular thing1 that1 even in the very meagre accounts1 of transactions in ,egypt no mention of this should have got into the ,english newspapers2 but ,i have searched1 and can find none4 ,but when1 in #ahjc1 this country was in fear of invasion1 it was brought up1 and used with great effect1 in stimulating patriotism4 ,take1 as an instance1 one#dg out of the thousands of broadsides which then flooded the country1 and we shall find that the fact1 although broadly stated1 has not been exaggerated4 #8,on the #gth that town was taken by assault4 ,this affair is on all hands allowed to have been bloody in the extreme2 but a tale has been brought to light1 and attested by persons of undoubted credit1 so bloody1 so diabolical1 as to outstrip everything which such an expression is calculated to describe4 #8,it is asserted that three days after the capture of the town1 three thousand eight hundred prisoners were marched to a rising ground1 and there massacred by means of musquetry1 grape shot1 and the bayonet4 ,this fact was first made known in ,europe by ,sir ,sidney ,smith1 and ,mr4 ,morier1 ,secretary to ,lord ,elgin1 now a prisoner in ,paris2 its history has been minutely given by ,colonel ,sir ,robert ,wilson1 of ,hompesch's hussars1 and its truth has been attested by ,dr4 ,wittman who accompanied the army of the ,grand ,vizir4' ,this ,dr4 ,wittman was the physician to the ,british ,military ,mission1 which went with that army through ,turkey1 ,syria1 and ,egypt1 and who wrote a narrative of his travels1 in which1 at p4 #abh1 he says the unfortunates were dragged #8to the sand hills1 about a league distant1 in the way to ,gaza1 and there most inhumanly put to death4 ,i have seen the ,skeletons of those unfortunate victims1 which lie scattered over the hills2 a modern ,golgotha1 which remains a lasting disgrace to a ,nation calling itself civilised4' ,sir ,robert ,wilson says3 #8,vollies of musquetry and grape instantly played against them2 and ,buonaparte1 who had been regarding the scene through a telescope1 when he saw the smoke ascending1 could not restrain his joy1 but broke out into exclamations of approval2 indeed1 he had just reason to dread the refusal of his troops thus to dishonour themselves4 ,kleber had remonstrated in the most strenuous manner1 and the officer of the ,etat-,major1 who commanded 7for the general to whom the division belonged1 was absent7 even refused to execute the order without a written instruction2 but ,buonaparte was too cautious1 and sent ,berthier to enforce obedience4444 ,the bones still lie in heaps1 and are shown to every traveller who arrives2 nor can they be confounded with those who perished in the assault1 since this field of butchery lies a mile from the town4' ,combe1 of course1 does not forget this incident4 ,another bloody work ensued ,which the brave ,nap with rapture view'd-- ,he near four thousand prisoners had1 ,the number almost drove him mad2 ,because so many men to feed1 ,required a deal of food indeed4 ,he chid his troops for being so good1 ,and said such mercy was of no good4 ,resolv'd to get rid of his burthen1 7,tho' ,kleber ventur'd to demur then17 ,he bade his troops the men surround1 ,and march them to a rising ground2 ,the soldiers did as he directed1 ,and they by ,boney were inspected2 ,it seems our hero was inclin'd ,if 'twas his interest1 to be kind2 ,now ,nap1 among these ,captives rude1 ,an aged ,janizary view'd2 ,and1 with a contumacious sneer1 ,said he #8,old man1 what brought you here6' ,the ,janizary1 no way frighten'd1 ,although unconscious how it might end1 ,replied #8,that question soon ,i can1 ,sir1 ,by asking you a like one1 answer1 ,to serve your ,sultan1 you'll rejoin-- ,and the same answer now is mine4' ,this frankness all around delighted1 ,and admiration1 too1 excited4 ,behold--our very hero smiled1 ,as if he had been reconciled4 ,that smile1 some whispered1 is a gracious one1 ,this guess was not1 tho'1 a sagacious one2 ,the ,janizary was not spared1 ,his fellow-prisoners' fate he shared2 ,but previously brave ,nap withdrew1 ,and at a distance had a view2 ,the signal given--none dared to stop-- ,the musquetry went pop--pop--pop4 ,nap thro' his spy glass marked the fun1 ,and cried out #8bravo' when 'twas done-- ,his soldiers1 who the dead surrounded1 ,humanely stabbed and killed the wounded4 ,napoleon now turned his attention to the siege of ,st4 ,jean d',acre1 where the garrison had the advantage of ,european aid1 besides which1 ,sir ,sydney ,smith cruised about the fort1 and ,napoleon's battering-train1 which had been captured1 was duly pointed at the besiegers4 ,he was1 besides1 called off to help ,kleber1 who was in an awkward situation at ,mount ,thabor1 and had been fighting ,achmet ,pasha1 who had a considerably superior force1 from six in the morning till one in the afternoon4 ,not one moment too soon did ,napoleon make his appearance2 but he turned the tide of battle1 and the ,turks were defeated with the loss of #e1jjj or #f1jjj men1 and all their stores1 c4 ,back they went to ,st4 ,jean d',acre1 and did their best at the siege2 but it was not to be4 ,reinforcements were thrown into the town1 ,napoleon's army grew smaller1 provisions got scarcer1 the plague was in their midst2 so1 sending his sick and wounded to ,jaffa1 he raised the siege and began to retreat on ,may #bj4 ,o',meara tells us ,napoleon's version of the causes which led to this4#dh #88,the chief cause of the failure there was that ,sir ,sydney ,smith took all my battering-train1 which was on board of several small vessels4 ,had it not been for that1 ,i would have taken ,acre in spite of him4 ,he behaved very bravely1 and was well seconded by ,phillipeaux1 a ,frenchman of talent1 who had studied with me as an engineer4444 ,the acquisition of five or six hundred seamen as cannoniers1 was a great advantage to the ,turks1 whose spirits they revived1 and whom they showed how to defend the fortress4 #88,but he committed a great fault in making sorties1 which cost the lives of two or three hundred brave fellows1 without the possibility of success4 ,for it was impossible he could succeed against the number of the ,french who were before ,acre4 ,i would lay a wager1 he lost half of his crew in them4 ,he dispersed proclamations among my troops which certainly shook some of them1 and ,i1 in consequence1 published an order1 stating that he was mad1 and forbidding all communication with him4 ,some days after1 he sent1 by means of a flag of truce1 a lieutenant1 or a midshipman1 with a letter containing a challenge to me1 to meet him at some place he pointed out1 in order to fight a duel4 ,i laughed at this1 and sent him back an intimation that when he brought ,marlborough to fight me ,i would meet him4 ,notwithstanding this1 ,i like the character of the man40' ,the ,french reached ,jaffa on ,may #bd1 and found the hospitals full of wounded and those sick of the plague4 ,compelled still to retreat1 it was necessary to remove the sick2 and1 to encourage his soldiers in the task1 and to show them how little was the risk1 ,napoleon is said to have handled several of the infected4 ,,chapter ,,xvi4 ,,retreat ,,from ,,jaffa--,,poisoning ,,of ,,five ,,hundred ,,soldiers--,,different ,,english ,,authorities ,,thereon--,,napoleon',s ,,own ,,story1 ,,also ,,those ,,of ,,las ,,cases ,,and ,o',,meara--,,retreat ,,to ,,cairo4 ,but this retreat became the subject of a dreadful accusation against ,napoleon1 which must have hit him hard at the time of his projected invasion in #ahjc--;aye1 quite as hard as the massacre at ,jaffa4 ,it was nothing less than that he poisoned1 with opium1 #ejj of his sick soldiers1 before he left ,jaffa4 ,there was a solid foundation for this fearful charge1 as will be shown hereafter4 ,combe speaks of it thus-- ,another great thing ,boney now did1 ,with sick the hospitals were crowded1 ,he therefore planned1 nor planned in vain1 ,to put the wretches out of pain2 ,he an apothecary found-- ,for a physician1 since renown'd1 ,the butchering task with scorn declined1 ,th' apothecary1 tho'1 was kind4 ,it seems that ,romeo met with such a one1 ,this is a mournful theme to touch upon1 ,opium was put in pleasant food1 ,the wretched victims thought it good2 ,but1 in a few hours1 as they say1 ,about six hundred1 breathless lay4 ,the truth of this has never been accurately established1 but ,i fancy1 at that time1 there were very few ,englishmen who did not thoroughly believe it4 ,sir ,robert ,wilson wrote3 #8,buonaparte finding that his hospitals at ,jaffa were crowded with sick1 sent for a physician1 whose name should be inscribed in letters of gold1 but which1 from important reasons1 cannot be here inserted2 on his arrival1 he entered into a long conversation with him respecting the danger of contagion1 concluding at last with the remark1 that something must be done to remedy the evil1 and that the destruction of the sick at present in the hospital1 was the only measure which could be adopted4 ,the physician1 alarmed at the proposal1 bold in the confidence of virtue1 and the cause of humanity1 remonstrated vehemently1 respecting the cruelty1 as well as the atrocity1 of such a murder2 but1 finding that ,buonaparte persevered and menaced1 he indignantly left the tent1 with this memorable observation2 8,neither my principles1 nor the character of my profession1 will allow me to become a murderer2 and1 ,general1 if such qualities as you insinuate are necessary to form a great man1 ,i thank my ,god that ,i do not possess them40 ,illustration3 ,,poisoning ,,the ,,sick ,,at ,,jaffa4 #8,buonaparte was not to be diverted from his object by moral considerations2 he persevered1 and found an apothecary1 who 7dreading the weight of power1 but who since has made an atonement to his mind1 by unequivocally confessing the fact7 consented to become his agent1 and to administer poison to the sick4 ,opium1 at night1 was distributed in gratifying food1 the wretched1 unsuspecting1 victims banqueted1 and1 in a few hours1 five hundred and eighty soldiers1 who had suffered so much for their country1 perished thus miserably by the order of its idol4444 #8,if a doubt should still exist as to the veracity of this statement1 let the ,members of the ,institute at ,cairo be asked what passed in their sitting after the return of ,buonaparte from ,syria2 they will relate1 that the same virtuous physician1 who refused to become the destroyer of those committed to his protection1 accused ,buonaparte of high treason1 in the full assembly1 against the honour of ,france1 her children1 and humanity2 that he entered into the full details of the poisoning of the sick1 and the massacre of the garrison1 aggravating these crimes by charging ,buonaparte with strangling1 previously1 at ,rosetta1 a number of ,french and ,copts1 who were ill of the plague2 thus proving that this disposal of his sick was a premeditated plan1 which he wished to introduce into general practice4 ,in vain ,buonaparte attempted to justify himself2 the members sat petrified with terror1 and almost doubted whether the scene passing before their eyes was not an illusion4' ,dr4 ,wittman assures his readers that whilst he was in ,egypt with the army1 a man was pointed out to them as having been the executioner of ,napoleon's commands to poison the sick and wounded ,french soldiers in the hospitals of ,jaffa4 ,barre says3 #8,although neither ,sir ,robert ,wilson nor ,dr4 ,wittman mention the name of the worthy physician who refused with horror1 and of the infamous wretch1 who basely consented to become the executioner of the sick soldiers1 it is now well known that the former was the worthy physician ,dr4 ,desgenettes1 and the latter1 one ,rouyer1 an infamous apothecary1 who thus became the murderer of his own countrymen1 in compliance with the wishes of a ,corsican assassin4' ,in a little periodical1 called #8,ring the ,alarum ,bell6' 7which only ran four numbers71 published in #ahjc1 is the following1 written by a ,general ,danican3 #8,in #ahja1 ,i met at a lazaretto in ,sicily1 with a number of ,french ,soldiers just come from ,alexandria4 ,with one of them ,i contracted habits of intimacy during my stay1 and who frequently related to me some curious particulars of the conduct of ,buonapart in ,egypt4444 ,having been witness to the poisoning scene at ,caiffa he related to me the following anecdote4 ,a grenadier1 who had lost two brothers1 was amongst the unfortunate wretches slightly affected with the pestilential disease4 ,from what he had previously observed in the hospital1 he had become more suspicious than his companions in distress1 and he had scarcely taken the ,corsican physic1 than he immediately discharged it1 made his way out of the hospital1 and escaping the guard1 whom he contrived to knock down1 he gained the column under the command of ,kleber1 at whose feet he threw himself1 and1 in the intercession1 almost of despair1 conjured him to let him mount one of the camels1 describing what he had escaped from1 and venting the most energetic maledictions on the ,poisoner in ,chief4 ,the poor wretch1 in the most piteous manner1 assured ,general ,kleber that he would keep at a distance from the army1 so that no one should be in any danger of catching his disorder1 except the camel4 ,kleber granted his request2 the grenadier was saved and recovered1 and was alive when the ,english landed under the brave ,abercrombie4' ,now let us hear the ,emperor's side of the question1 beginning with ,de ,bourrienne4 #8,orders were given directly to undermine the fortifications and blow them up2 and1 on the #bgth ,may1 upon the signal being given1 the town was in a moment laid bare4 ,an hour afterwards1 the ,general in ,chief left his tent and repaired to the town1 accompanied by ,berthier1 some physicians and surgeons1 and his usual staff4 ,i was also one of the party4 ,a long and sad deliberation took place on the question1 which now arose1 relative to the men who were incurably ill of the plague1 or were at the point of death4 ,after a discussion of the most serious and conscientious kind1 it was decided to accelerate a few moments1 by a potion1 a death which was inevitable1 and which otherwise would be painful and cruel4444 #8,i cannot say that ,i saw the potion administered4 ,i should state an untruth if ,i did4 ,i cannot name any person concerned in the matter1 without hazarding a misrepresentation4 ,but ,i well know that the decision was come to after that deliberation1 which was due to so important a measure2 that the order was given1 and that the infected are dead4 ,what6 shall that which formed the subject of the whole conversation of the head quarters1 on the day after leaving ,jaffa1 and was spoken of without any question of its reality2 which was regarded by us as a dreadful1 but unavoidable1 misfortune2 which was never mentioned in the army but as a fact1 of which there was no doubt1 and only the details of which were inquired after--,i appeal to every honourable man who was present1 for the truth of what ,i state--shall that1 ,i say1 be now stigmatized as a malignant calumny1 fabricated to injure the reputation of a hero1 who1 were this the only reproach that might be addressed to him1 would go down with little blemish on his character1 to posterity8' ,las ,cases is specially wroth with ,sir ,robert ,wilson1 but1 even he1 cannot successfully whitewash his beloved emperor4 ,his attempted vindication is too long to be reproduced in extenso1 but it goes to prove how widely spread in the army was the belief that the sick were hurried to their rest at ,jaffa4 #8,a circumstance1 which will not a little surprise those who have yet to learn how little credit is due to public report1 and which will serve to show the errors that may creep into history1 is that ,marshall ,bertrand1 who was himself with the army in ,egypt1 7though certainly in a rank which did not enable him to come into immediate contact with the ,general in ,chief7 firmly believed1 up to the period of his residence at ,saint ,helena1 the story of poison having been administered to sixty invalids4 ,the report was circulated1 and believed1 even in our army2 therefore1 what answer could be given to those who triumphantly asserted1 8,it is a fact1 ,i assure you1 ,i have it from officers who served in the ,french army at the time40 ,nevertheless1 the whole story is false4 ,i have collected the following facts from the highest source1 from the mouth of ,napoleon himself4 #8#ast4 ,that the invalids in question who were infected with the plague1 amounted1 according to the report made to the ,general in ,chief1 only to seven in number4 #8#bnd4 ,that it was not the ,general in ,chief1 but a professional man1 who1 at the moment of the crisis1 proposed the administering of opium4 #8#crd4 ,that opium was not administered to a single individual4 #8#dth4 ,that the retreat having been effected slowly1 a rear-guard was left behind in ,jaffa for three days4 #8#eth4 ,that on the departure of the rear guard1 the invalids were all dead1 except one or two1 who must have fallen into the hands of the ,english4' ,but ,las ,cases1 in his zeal1 tries to prove too much2 for1 in a later passage1 he says1 that since his return to ,paris he has had opportunities of conversing with those whose situation and profession naturally rendered them the first actors on the scene1 and he finds #8that no order was given for the administering of opium to the sick1' and #8,that there was not at the period in question1 in the medicine chest of the army1 a single grain of opium for the use of the sick4' ,so he admits that the emperor had the proposition made to him1 by a man who must have known he had not the means to carry it out4 ,is ,barry ,o',meara to be trusted8 ,let us hear what his testimony is 7also professedly from the emperor's own lips74 #88,previously to leaving ,jaffa10 continued ,napoleon1 8and after the greatest number of the sick and wounded had been embarked1 it was reported to me that there were some men in the hospital so dangerously ill1 as not to be able to be moved4 ,i ordered1 immediately1 the chiefs of the medical staff to consult together upon what was best to be done1 and to give me their opinion on the subject4 ,accordingly they met1 and found there were seven or eight men so dangerously ill1 that they conceived it impossible to recover1 and also that they could not exist twenty-four or thirty-six hours longer2 that1 moreover1 being afflicted with the plague1 they would spread that complaint amongst all who approached them4 ,some of them1 who were sensible1 perceiving they were about to be abandoned1 demanded with earnest entreaties1 to be put to death4 ,larrey was of opinion that recovery was impossible1 and that those poor fellows could not exist many hours2 but as they might live long enough to be alive when the ,turks entered1 and experience the dreadful torments which they were accustomed to inflict upon their prisoners1 he thought it would be an act of charity to comply with their desires1 and accelerate their end by a few hours4 ,desgenettes did not approve of this1 and replied1 that his profession was to cure the sick1 and not to despatch them4 #88,larrey came to me immediately afterwards1 informed me of the circumstances1 and of what ,desgenettes had said2 adding1 that perhaps ,desgenettes was right4 #8,but1' continued ,larrey1 #8those men cannot live more than a few hours1 twenty-four1 or thirty-six at most2 and1 if you will leave a rear-guard of cavalry to stay and protect them from advanced parties1 it will be sufficient4' ,accordingly ,i ordered four or five hundred cavalry to remain behind1 and not to quit the place until all were dead4 ,they did remain1 and informed me that all had expired before they had left the town2 but ,i have heard since1 that ,sydney ,smith found one or two alive when he entered it4 ,this is the truth of the business4444 #88,you have been amongst the ,turks1 and know what they are2 ,i ask you now1 to place yourself in the situation of one of those sick men1 and that you were asked which you would prefer1 to be left to suffer the tortures of those miscreants1 or to have opium administered to you80 ,i replied1 8,most undoubtedly ,i would prefer the latter40 8,certainly1 so would any man10 answered ,napoleon2 8if my own son 7and ,i believe ,i love my son as well as any father does his child7 were in a similar situation with those men1 ,i would advise it to be done2 and1 if so situated myself1 ,i would insist upon it1 if ,i had sense enough1 and strength enough to demand it4444 #88,if ,i had thought such a measure1 as that of giving opium1 necessary1 ,i would have called a council of war1 have stated the necessity of it1 and have published it in the order of the day40 ,he afterwards goes on to say that if he had done so1 some of his soldiers would have been sure to have shot him4' ,i have gone thus at length into these occurrences at ,jaffa1 to show how widely spread was the belief in them1 and also to prove that these scandals were not of ,british origin4 ,whatever amount of truth there may be in them1 readers must judge1 as ,i have laid both sides fairly before them4 ,that there was foundation for them1 there can be no doubt--but we know that a tale does not lose in telling4 ,the return to ,cairo1 and the battle of ,aboukir1 are soon dismissed by the satirist1 and not chronicled by the caricaturist4 ,,chapter ,,xvii4 ,,the ,,old ,r,,gime ,,and ,,the ,,republicans--,,the #8,,incroyables'--,,napoleon ,,leaves ,,egypt--,,his ,,reasons ,,for ,,so ,,doing--,,feeling ,,of ,,the ,,army--,,accused ,,of ,,taking ,,with ,,him ,,the ,,military ,,chest4 ,it is refreshing1 and like going among green pastures and cool streams1 to leave for a while political caricature1 with its ambitions1 and its carnage1 and find a really funny social skit1 aiming at the follies of the times1 even if it be only in ridiculing extravagance in dress4 ,exceedingly droll is a social caricature by ,gillray 7,august #ae1 #agii71 where a courtly old gentleman of the ,court of ,louis ,,xvi4 bows low1 saying1 #8,je suis votre tres humble serviteur1' whilst the ruffianly ,french #8gentleman of the ,court of galit' replies with a sentence unfit for reproduction4 7,see next page47 ,littr1 in his magnificent dictionary1 gives a very terse definition of these #8,incroyables'3 #8,s4 m4 ,nom donn aux petit matres sous le ,directoire1 parce q'uon les entendait s'ecrier propos1 c'est vraiment incroyable2 et1 parce que leur costume tait tellement exagr qu'il dpassait la croyance commune4' ,they were ,napoleon's detestation1 according to ,madame ,junot1 and she describes them with feminine minuteness4 #8,they wore grey greatcoats with black collars and green cravats4 ,their hair1 instead of being la ,titus1 which was the prevailing fashion of the day1 was powdered1 plaited1 and turned up with a comb1 while on each side of the face hung two long curls1 called dog's ears 7oreilles de chien74 ,as these young men were very frequently attacked1 they carried about with them large sticks1 which were not always weapons of defence2 for the frays which arose in ,paris at that time were often provoked by them4' ,pardon must be begged for this digression1 and the matter in hand strictly attended to4 ,illustration3 ,a ,,french ,,gentleman ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,louis ,,xvi4 ,a ,,french ,,gentleman ,,of ,,the ,,court ,,of ,,galit4 ,napoleon left ,egypt on ,august #bc1 #agii1 and reached ,france ,october #h of that year4 ,the causes for this step will be detailed a little later on4 ,meanwhile the caricaturist was watching events on the ,continent1 and1 after his lights1 depicting them4 ,with those not personally affecting ,napoleon we have nothing to do2 and of him--,egypt being a far cry--we have but few1 until after his return1 when he was brought prominently before ,european notice4 ,gillray thought he saw his power declining1 and on ,september #a1 #agii1 he published #8,allied ,powers1 ,unbooting galit4' ,in this picture ,napoleon is being badly treated4 ,one foot is on a ,dutch cheese1 which a ,hollander is plucking away2 a ,british tar has him fast round the waist1 and arms2 whilst a ,turk1 of most ferocious description1 his dress being garnished with human ears1 is pulling his nose1 and slashing him with his scimitar1 ,st4 ,jean d',acre1 which is reeking with blood4 ,prussia1 backed up by ,russia1 is drawing off ,italy1 which serves as a boot for one leg1 and1 with it1 a large quantity of gold coin4 ,the causes which induced ,napoleon to leave ,egypt cannot better be made known1 and understood1 than by quoting from ,de ,bourrienne1 who was an actor in this episode4 ,he says3 #8,after the battle1#di which took place on the #beth ,july1 ,bonaparte sent a flag of truce on board the ,english ,admiral's ship4 ,our intercourse was full of politeness1 such as might be expected in the communications of the people of two civilised nations4 ,the ,english ,admiral gave the flag of truce some presents1 in exchange for some we sent1 and1 likewise1 a copy of the ,french ,gazette of ,francfort1 dated #ajth ,june1 #agii4ej ,for ten months we had received no news from ,france4 ,bonaparte glanced over this journal with an eagerness which may easily be conceived4 #88,heavens60 said he to me1 8my presentiment is verified3 the fools have lost ,italy4 ,all the fruits of our victories are gone6 ,i must leave ,egypt60 #8,he sent for ,berthier1 to whom he communicated the news1 adding that things were going on very badly in ,france--that he wished to return home--that he 7,berthier7 should go along with him1 and that1 for the present1 only he1 ,gantheaume1 and ,i1 were in the secret4 ,he recommended him to be prudent1 not to betray any symptoms of joy1 nor to purchase1 or sell1 anything4 #8,he concluded by assuring him that he depended on him4 8,i can answer10 said he1 8for myself and ,bourrienne40 ,berthier promised to be secret1 and he kept his word4 ,he had had enough of ,egypt1 and he so ardently longed to return to ,france1 that there was little reason to fear he would disappoint himself by any indiscretion4 #8,gantheaume arrived1 and ,bonaparte gave him orders to fit out the two frigates1 the ,muiron and the ,carrre1 and the two small vessels1 the ,revanche and the ,fortune1 with a two months' supply of provisions for from four1 to five1 hundred men4 ,he enjoined his secrecy as to the object of these preparations1 and desired him to act with such circumspection that the ,english cruisers might have no knowledge of what was going on4 ,he afterwards arranged with ,gantheaume the course he wished to take4 ,nothing escaped his attention4' ,bonaparte concealed his operations with much care2 but still some vague rumours crept abroad4 ,general ,dugua1 the commandant of ,cairo1 whom he had just left1 for the purpose of embarking1 wrote to him on ,august #ah to the following effect3-- #8,i have this moment heard1 that it is reported at the ,institute1 you are about to return for ,france1 taking with you ,monge1 ,berthollet1 ,berthier1 ,lannes1 and ,murat4 ,this news has spread like lightning through the city1 and ,i should not be at all surprised if it produced an unfavourable effect1 which1 however1 ,i hope you will obviate4' ,bonaparte embarked five days after the receipt of ,dugua's letter2 and1 as may be supposed1 without replying to it4 ,on ,august #ah1 he wrote to the ,divan of ,cairo as follows3 #8,i set out to-morrow for ,menouf1 from whence ,i intend to make various excursions to the ,delta1 in order that ,i may1 myself1 witness the acts of oppression which are committed there1 and to acquire some knowledge of the people4' ,he told the army but half the truth3 #8,the news from ,europe1' said he1 #8has determined me to proceed to ,france4 ,i leave the command of the army to ,general ,kleber4 ,the army shall hear from me forthwith4 ,at present ,i can say no more4 ,it costs me much pain to quit troops to whom ,i am so strongly attached4 ,but my absence will be but temporary1 and the general ,i leave in command has the confidence of the government1 as well as mine4' ,at night1 in the dark1 on ,august #bc1 he stole on board3 and who can wonder if the army expressed some dissatisfaction at his leaving them in the lurch8 ,from the many works ,i have consulted1 whilst writing this book1 ,i can believe the words of ,general ,danican 7who has been before quoted7 in #8,ring the ,alarum ,bell6'--#8,immediately after ,buonaparte's midnight flight from ,egypt1 with the ,cash of the army1 he was hung in effigy by the ,soldiers2 who1 in dancing round the spectacle1 sang the coarsest couplets 7a copy of which ,i have now in my possession7 written for the occasion1 to the tune of the ,carmagnole1 beginning3 8,so1 ,harlequin has at length deserted us6--never mind my boys1 never mind2 he will at last be really hanged2 he promised to make us all rich2 but1 instead1 he has robbed all the cash himself1 and now's gone off3 oh6 the scoundrel ,harlequin1 c41 c40' ,illustration3 ,,flight ,,from ,,egypt4 ,this charge against ,napoleon1 of running away with the treasure-chests1 is1 like almost all the others1 of ,french origin4 ,hear what ,madame ,junot says1 as it shows the feeling of the ,french army on this point1 that some one had taken them 7for ,napoleon's benefit73 #8,a report was circulated in the army that ,junot was carrying away the treasures found in the pyramids by the ,general in ,chief4 ,he could not carry them away himself' 7such was the language held to the soldiers71 #8and so the man who possesses all his confidence is now taking them to him4' ,the matter was carried so far that several subalterns1 and soldiers1 proceeded to the shore1 and some of them went on board the merchantman which was to sail with ,junot the same evening4 ,they rummaged about1 but found nothing2 at length they came to a prodigious chest1 which ten men could not move1 between decks1 8,here is the treasure60 cried the soldiers2 8here is our pay that has been kept from us above a year2 where is the key80 ,junot's valet1 an honest ,german1 shouted to them in vain1 with all his might1 that the chest did not belong to his chenerl4 ,they would not listen to him4 #8,unluckily1 ,junot1 who was not to embark till evening1 was not then on board4 ,the mutineers seized a hatchet1 and began to cut away at the chest1 which they would soon have broken up1 had not the ship's carpenter come running out of breath4 8,what the devil are you at80 cried he1 8mad fellows that you are3 stop6 don't destroy my chest--here's the key40 ,he opened it immediately1 and lo6--the tools of the master carpenter4' ,barre1 of course1 alludes to this alleged robbery1 and ,combe writes of his desertion of his troops as follows3-- ,aboukir castle having won1 ,our hero thought it best to run4 ,the bravest man will run away1 ,when it is dangerous to stay2 ,but1 as he to his troops declared1 ,by him all dangers should be shared1 ,and that on no account he'd leave them1 ',twas proper he should now deceive them4 ,the cunning he display'd in fight1 ,he manifested in his flight4 ,on some pretence1 it seems1 he wrote ,to certain generals a note1 ,acquainting them with what he wanted1 ,the time and place1 too1 he appointed4 ,these generals1 so well they fared1 ,the fame of his desertion shared4 ,when to th' appointed place they got1 ,nap was already on the spot2 ,and1 what of all things made them glad1 ,the military chest he had6 ,he left his army1--but we find ,he left these words for them behind3 #8,this parting grieves me sore1 altho' meant ,to be for only a short moment4' ,illustration3 ,,buonaparte ,,leaving ,,egypt4 ,for an ,illustration of the above see the intercepted ,letters from the ,republican ,general ,kleber to the ,french ,directory respecting the ,courage1 ,honor1 and ,patriotism of ----1 the ,deserter of the ,army of ,egypt4 ,this caricature is presumably by ,gillray1 although it is not signed by him2 and1 as it was published on ,march #h1 #ahjj1 it is absolutely prophetic1 for ,napoleon is pointing to a future imperial crown and sceptre4 ,this is especially curious1 as it shows how1 even then1 the public opinion of ,england 7of which1 of course1 the caricaturist was but a reflex7 estimated him4 ,,chapter ,,xviii4 ,,napoleon',s ,,arrival ,,in ,,paris--,,his ,,popularity--,,dissolution ,,of ,,the ,,council ,,of ,,five ,,hundred--,,graphic ,,description ,,of ,,the ,,scene--,,napoleon1 ,,si,,yes1 ,,and ,,ducos ,,named ,,consuls4 ,napoleon arrived in ,paris at1 for him1 a happy moment1 for the ,directory was then as good as defunct4 ,there was a feeling that a strong hand was needed to guide the affairs of the nation1 and ,generals ,moreau and ,jubert had already been offered the post of ,first ,magistrate of the ,republic1 and each had declined the honour4 ,when ,napoleon landed1 he was hailed as ,,the ,,man1 and his arrival was telegraphed to ,paris1 where it created an immense sensation4 ,on the day after his arrival1 he had an interview with the ,directors1 to whom he explained the state of the army in ,egypt1 and told them1 how1 having heard of the disasters that had befallen their armies1 he had returned home to help them2 but1 although he was offered his choice of commands1 he would have none of them1 and lived quietly at ,paris4 ,the ,council of ,five ,hundred even gave him a public dinner#ea--;but he was steadily working out the ends he had in view4 ,what that was1 was evident to the ,english people1 for his aim was shown very amusingly in a caricature by an unknown artist 7,november #agii74 ,napoleon1 who1 even then1 is represented as crowned1 appears as a crocodile1 in jackboots and sword1 squeezing the life out of two frogs1 whilst the dismay of the others is most comically rendered3 a bodyguard of crocodiles1 in military uniform1 back up their leader4 ,on ,november #i1 he was made commandant of the forces in ,paris1 which prepared him for the explosion of the #ahth ,brumaire1 year #h 7,november #aj1 #agii74 ,the expulsion of the ,council is most graphically told in the #8,times' of ,november #ah1 eight days after the event1 showing how slowly news travelled then4 ,the scene must have been painted by an eye-witness1 for it gives the whole previous debate--which at last turned on ,napoleon's appointment as commandant4 ,it is so well told1 ,i cannot help giving it in its entirety4 #8,grandmaison4 8,we are only offering crossing and contradicting propositions1 without coming to any decision3 ,i move that you begin by declaring the appointment of ,buonaparte to be unconstitutional40 #88,yes1 yes10 was resounded from several parts of the ,hall4 #8,l4 7ucien7 ,buonaparte quitted the ,chair1 which he gave up to ,chazal1 and said1 8,i entreat the ,council calmly to reflect on the commotion that has manifested itself4 ,it may not be needless to represent0--7,here he was interrupted by a loud voice1 who said1 8,do not attempt to amuse us07--8,i propose0 7continued ,lucien ,buonaparte7 8that you summon the ,general who commands to appear before you40 #88,we do not acknowledge him10 exclaimed several ,members4 #88,when cool consideration0 7observed ,buonaparte7 8shall have stilled in your breasts the extraordinary emotion which you have testified0 7murmurs71 8you will1 perhaps1 be sensible of the injustice done ,general ,buonaparte4 ,whatever may be the event1 ,i now1 in your presence1 lay down on the altar of the ,country1 the badge of ,magistracy with which the people had invested me40 #8,on saying these words1 he laid down his badge of office on the ,president's table3 upon which the doors of the ,hall were opened1 and twenty ,grenadiers entered4 ,they advanced towards the ,bureau1 took ,l4 ,buonaparte into custody1 and1 placing him in the midst of them1 they conducted him out of the ,hall4 #8,the ,council was seized with extreme agitation4 ,cries1 vociferations1 and tumultuous confusion1 arose from the ,members suddenly quitting their places4 ,not a word could be distinctly heard4 #8,grandmaison1 ,blin1 ,delbrel1 ,bigonnet1 ,sherlock1 ,crochon1 and several other ,members1 pressed forward towards the tribune4 #8,sherlock made an effort to speak1 but could scarcely make himself heard among the tumult4 8,i move10 said he1 8that you call back your ,president1 whose resignation you have not accepted40 #88,he could have done nothing better10 exclaimed several ,members1 8than to have given it in40 #8,meantime1 at a distance was heard the sound of drums that beat the pas de charge4444 ,soon after1 for the third time1 the doors of the ,hall were thrown open2 and a third time the spectators endeavoured precipitately to escape by leaping out of the windows4 #8,an officer came forwards1 followed by a numerous guard1 exclaiming with a loud voice1 8,general ,buonaparte orders the ,hall to be cleared40 ,upon which1 the troops advanced into the ,hall1 the further part of which remained occupied by the ,deputies1 who had not retired4 ,the soldiers suspended their march for a moment1 in order to afford time for the ,hall to be cleared4 ,about a ,dozen of ,members1 among whom was ,blin1 remained near the ,tribune1 or at the ,bureau2 one of them who was at the ,tribune1 exclaimed1 #88,what are you1 ,soldiers8 are you anything else than guardians of the ,national ,representation2 and do you dare to menace its safety1 to incroach on its independence--is it thus that you tarnish the laurels which your courage has won80 #8,this harangue was coldly listened to by the soldiers1 who advanced into the ,hall with drums beating4 ,the ,members who stood near the ,bureau and the ,tribune1 were at length obliged to yield their places to the soldiers1 who took possession of them4 ,as the latter advanced into the ,hall1 these members went out at the opposite door4 ,in a few minutes the ,hall was completely cleared4 ,it was then five o'clock4 #8,several members set out immediately for ,paris1 others remained at ,st4 ,cloud to observe the deliberations of the ,council of ,elders1 and the extraordinary movement of the troops who filled the square of the palace4 ,from time to time were heard the cries of ,vive ,buonaparte6 ,vive la ,rpublique6 #8,general ,buonaparte1 on hearing the ,council of ,five ,hundred had withdrawn1 advanced towards the soldiers and harangued them4 #8,he entreated them to remain calm1 and to rest assured that the good cause should triumph4 ,they all answered by shouts of ,vive ,buonaparte6' ,the scene depicted in the accompanying illustration is somewhat dramatically told by ,napoleon himself in his proclamation of #aith ,brumaire3 #8,i presented myself before the ,council of ,five ,hundred1 alone1 unarmed1 my head uncovered1 just as the ,ancients had received and applauded me4 ,my object was to restore to the majority the expression of its will1 and to secure to it its power4 #8,the stilettos which had menaced the ,deputies1 were instantly raised against their deliverer4 ,twenty assassins rushed upon me1 and aimed at my breast4 ,the grenadiers of the legislative body1 whom ,i had left at the door of the hall1 ran forward1 and placed themselves between me and the assassins4 ,one of these brave grenadiers 7,thorne#eb7 had his clothes pierced by a stiletto4 ,they bore me off4' ,illustration3 ,,dissolution ,,of ,,the ,,council ,,of ,,five ,,hundred4 ,th' appointed meeting now took place1 ,producing tumult and disgrace1 ,some of the members1 when desired1 ,refused to take the oath required1 ,insisting ,nap should not be spared ,but as an outlaw be declared4 ,as ,president ,nap's brother sat1 ,so ,lucien hemm'd and haw'd at that4 ,but so outrageous was the strife1 ,he found it hard to save his life2 ,his eloquence he now display'd1 #8,napoleon must be heard1' he said4 ,then ,boney came--in great dismay2 ,th' ,assembly ordered him away-- ,but such an order was mere fudge1 ,the brave ,napoleon scorn'd to budge2 ,and several began to push in1 ,to tear to pieces ,nap and ,lucien4 ,nap gave the word--his troops attended1 ,by grenadiers he was defended2 ,tremendous now the hurly-burly1 ,each phiz appear'd confounded surly2 ,they drew their daggers in a rage1 ,and civil war began to wage4 ,amidst these violent attacks1 ,now some were thrown upon their backs1 ,and others fell upon their faces1 ,and others1 on their ---- proper places2 ,while many1 uttering sad groans1 ,were found upon their marrow bones4 ,gillray1 of course 7,november #ba1 #agii71 touched on it1 but not very effectively1 his picture #8,exit ,libert a la ,francais6--or--,buonaparte closing the ,farce of galit1 at ,saint ,cloud1 near ,paris1 ,november #aj1 #agii1' being the weakest caricature of any on this subject4 ,napoleon is directing his troops1 who are charging the ,council with fixed bayonets4 ,the ,council met again at night1 but simply to do as they were bid4 ,thorne1 the grenadier with the torn coat1 was decreed to have deserved well of his country1 as were also ,napoleon1 ,lefebvre1 ,murat1 ,berthier1 and many others4 ,sixty-one members of the ,council were expelled1 and ,article two of the ,resolution1 passed that night1 says1-- #8,the ,legislative ,body creates provisionally an ,executive ,consular ,committee1 composed of ,citizens ,syeyes and ,roger ,ducos1 ,ex-,directors1 and ,buonaparte1 ,general4 ,they shall bear the name of ,consuls of the ,french ,republic4' ,,chapter ,,xix4 ,,napoleon ,,takes ,,the ,,lead--,,si,,yes ,,and ,,ducos ,,are ,,deposed--,,cambac,r,s ,,and ,,lebrun ,,named ,,second ,,and ,,third ,,consuls--,,napoleon',s ,,letter ,,to ,,george ,,the ,,third--,,reply ,,to ,,same4 ,napoleon had now got his foot fairly on the ladder1 but it was he alone who was to mount it4 ,at the first meeting of the ,consuls1 ,siyes asked1 #8,which of us is to preside8' ,ducos had grasped the position1 and replied1 #8,do you not see that the ,general presides8' ,there is a caricature by ,cawse 7,november #cj1 #agii7 of #8,satan's return from ,egypt_/,earth4 ,discovered in ,council with ,belzebub and ,belial--a ,sketch after ,fuseli#ec666' ,here ,napoleon forms the centre figure1 one foot resting on a skull1 the other on the ,marseillaise hymn and the ,council of ,five ,hundred4 ,behind him is a glory1 with a trinity formed of three daggers--,siyes1 ,ducos1 and ,buonaparte4 ,devils surround him1 and1 at his feet1 is a howling ,french mob4 ,our hero1 now1 the people guided1 ,and a new government provided4 ,first ,consul1 modestly he claim'd1 ,two others were ,sub-,consuls named2 ,but these were not in ,boney's way1 ,for the first ,consul had full sway4 ,and now these ,consuls took an oath1 ,for ,nap to swear was never loth4 ,thus elevated1 ,josephine ,imagin'd she would be a queen2 ,but she by ,nap was harshly told1 ,that six and forty was too old2 ,his mother1 who the lady hated1 ,advised him to be separated2 ,by her persuasions1 ,nap1 of course ,began to think of a divorce4 ,he ponder'd ev'ry afternoon1 ,and rubbing once his forehead1 soon ,the lady's banishment decreed1 ,because--their tempers disagreed4 ,in fact1 her faults he recollected1 ,and her caresses now rejected4 ,but1 as 'twill not improve our morals1 ,we'll pass these matrimonial quarrels4 ,as ,nap a love of pow'r betray'd1 ,he great munificence display'd2 ,for he rewarded with donations1 ,his friends1 especially relations4 ,he to his mother acted handsome1 ,as he bestowed on her a grand sum2 ,for ,joe1 and ,lucien1 he provided1 ,who1 at this time1 in ,france resided-- ,how suddenly success awaits men6 ,both ,joe1 and ,lucien1 he made ,statesmen4 ,it was not probable that ,napoleon would rest contented with the provisional position he occupied4 ,a fresh government had to be constituted1 of which he must be the head3 and so the ,constitution of ,december #ac was manufactured1 and afterwards passed into law4 ,article #bc provided1 #8,the sittings of the ,senate are not to be public4' ,article #bd1 #8,the ,citizens ,siyes1 and ,roger ,ducos1 the ,consuls quitting their functions1 are appointed members of the ,conservative ,senate4 ,they shall assemble along with the second and third ,consuls nominated by the present ,constitution4 ,these four ,citizens shall appoint the ,majority of the ,senate1 which shall then complete itself1 and proceed to the elections entrusted to it4' ,article #ci4 #8,the ,government is entrusted to three ,consuls appointed for ten years1 and indefinitely re-eligible4 ,each of them is to be elected individually with the distinct quality of ,chief1 ,second1 or ,third ,consul4 ,the first time the ,third ,consul shall only be named for five years4 ,for the present time ,general ,bonaparte is appointed ,chief ,consul1 ,citizen ,cambaceres1 now ,minister of ,justice1 ,second ,consul1 and ,citizen ,lebrun1 ,member of the ,committee of ,antients1 ,third ,consul4' ,article #da4 #8,the ,chief ,consul is to promulgate the laws3 he is to name and revoke at pleasure the ,members of the ,council of ,state2 the ,ministers1 ,ambassadors1 and other principal foreign agents1 the officers of the army by land and sea1 the members of local administration and the ,commissioners of the ,government at the ,tribunals4 ,he is to appoint all ,judges1 ,criminal and ,civil1 as well as ,justices of the ,peace1 and the ,judges of ,cassation1 without the power of afterwards revoking them4' ,article #dc4 #8,the salary of the ,chief ,consul shall be #ejj1jjj francs for the #hth year' 7ending ,september #bb1 #ahjj74 #8,the salary of the other two ,consuls shall be equal to three-tenths of that of the first4' ,so that we see ,napoleon fully knew how to take care of himself4 ,on ,january #a1 #ahjj1 ,gillray published #8,the ,french ,triumvirate settling the ,new ,constitution'--and mighty wise they look4 7,see next page47 ,in the year #agii1 ,consols ranged from #ee in ,january to #fb1 the closing price in ,december4 ,bread1 however1 was dear1 the average of the quartern loaf being #ac;d4 ,it was in the latter part of this year that ,napoleon notified to ,george the ,third his elevation to the dignity of ,first ,consul1 and appropriately chose ,christmas ,day on which to date his letter1 which breathed 7sincerely or not7 #8,peace on earth1 goodwill towards men4' ,illustration3 ,,cambaceres4 ,,le-,,brun4 ,,buonaparte4 ,bonaparte1 ,first ,consul of the ,republic1 to ,his ,majesty the ,king of ,great ,britain and ,ireland4 ,paris #e ,nivse year ,,viii4 of the ,republic4 ,called by the wishes of the ,french ,nation to occupy the first magistracy of the ,french ,republic1 ,i deem it desirable1 in entering on its functions1 to make a direct communication to your ,majesty4 ,must ,the ,war1 which for four years1 has ravaged every part of the world1 be eternal8 ,are there no means of coming to an understanding8 ,how can the two most enlightened nations of ,europe1 more powerful and stronger than is necessary for their safety and independence1 sacrifice to the idea of a vain grandeur1 the benefits of commerce1 of internal prosperity1 and domestic happiness8 ,how is it they do not feel that peace is as glorious as necessary8 ,these sentiments cannot be strangers to the heart of your ,majesty1 who rules over a free nation1 with no other view than to render them happy4 ,your ,majesty will only see in this overture my sincere desire to effectually contribute to a general pacification1 by a prompt step1 free and untrammeled by those forms1 which1 necessary1 perhaps1 to disguise the apprehensions of feeble states1 only prove in the case of strong ones1 the mutual desire to deceive4 ,france and ,england1 by abusing their strength1 may for a long time yet1 to the misery of all other nations1 defer the moment of their absolute exhaustion2 but ,i will venture to say that the fate of all civilised nations1 depends on the end of a war which envelopes the whole world4 signed ,,bonaparte4 ,the ,british ,government did not quite see it1 but considered that the claws of the ,french eagle required yet more cutting4 ,they had been partially operated on at the ,nile1 and at ,acre4 ,italy was no longer under ,french rule4 ,suwarrow's victories had severely crippled the ,french1 who were1 besides1 very weak financially4 ,add to this1 that there were #adj1jjj ,austrians gathering along the ,rhine4 ,but still it was judged they were yet too sharp for the peace of ,europe4 ,the answer from the ,english ,court1 ,vex'd ,nap1 according to report3 ',twas to the ,minister address'd1 ,it being candidly confess'd ,that there appear'd not the least cause ,to break through ceremonial laws2 ,in this his ,majesty agreed1 ,peace was desirable indeed1 ,if that his ,majesty were able ,t' obtain one permanent and stable2 ,but that at present there was poor hope ,for ,england1 and indeed for ,europe1 ,till ,france her lawful princes own'd ,the ,bourbons--whom she had dethron'd4 ,this1 really1 was the tenor of ,lord ,grenville's reply1 dated ,january #d1 #ahjj1 which is far too long1 and uninteresting1 to reproduce4 ,gillray caricatured this letter of ,napoleon's 7,february #bd1 #ahjj7 in #8,the ,apples and the ,horse dung1 or ,buonaparte among the ,golden ,pippins2 from an old ,fable4 ,explanation4--,some horse dung being washed by the current from a neighbouring dunghill1 espied a number of fair apples swimming up the stream1 when1 wishing to be thought of consequence1 the horse dung would every moment be bawling out1 8,lack-a-day1 how we apples swim60 ,see ,buonaparte's 8,letter to his ,majesty10 and ,mr4 ,whitbread's 8,remarks upon the ,correspondence between ,crowned ,heads40' ,although ,gillray did not choose a very savoury subject to illustrate his caricature1 yet there is much humour in it4 ,,chapter ,,xx4 ,,battle ,,of ,,marengo--,,death ,,of ,,desaix--,,said ,,to ,,have ,,been ,,assassinated--,,napoleon',s ,,love ,,for ,,him--,,soup ,,kitchens ,,at ,,paris--,,lavish ,,expenditure ,,of ,,napoleon',s ,,generals4 ,there was very little caricature of ,napoleon in the year #ahjj1 for the best of reasons1 that we had very little to do with him1 as he was occupied till ,may in settling his ,government1 and then he left for his ,italian campaign4 ,but in this year 7,may #ab7 ,gillray issued a series of eight plates1 #8,democracy1 or a ,sketch of the life of ,buonaparte1' of which ,i have already given three--#8,democratic ,innocence1' #8,democratic ,humility1' and #8,democratic ,religion4' ,as four are not very interesting1 ,i have not given them1 only the last of the series1 which1 evidently1 was meant to be extended4 ,illustration3 ,,democratic ,,consolations4 ,buonaparte on his ,couch surrounded by the ,ghosts of the ,murder'd--the dangers which threaten his ,usurpation1 and all the ,horrors of ,final ,retribution4 ,combe1 even1 had very little to say of this time1 lightly touching the passage of the ,alps1 the occupation of ,milan and ,pavia1 the defeat of the ,austrians at ,montebello1 and the battle of ,marengo1 where he makes an assertion ,i cannot find elsewhere1 nor trace to any ,french source1 except ,de ,bourrienne4 ,soon after this the gallant fellow ,the ,austrians drove from ,montebello1 ,and then did he1 with all his men go1 ,to aid the battle of ,marengo2 ,here was indeed a bold resistance1 ,brave ,boney saw it at a distance3 ,and at this time1 it is not doubted1 ,nap's army was completely routed2 ,indeed1 it grieves the muse to say1 ,our hero cried1 and ran away2 ,but brave ,desaix1 who was not idle1 ,his horse soon grappled by the bridle1 ,and turning round the ,consul's phiz1 ,he said1 while anger ruffled his1 #8,citizen ,consul1 look before ye-- ,that is the road to fame and glory4 ,nap bit his lip1 and swore by heaven1 ,th' offence was not to be forgiven2 ,indeed1 as many understand1 ,that hour the ,gen'ral's fall he plann'd4 ,by ,victor and ,desaix defeated1 ,the ,austrians in their turn retreated4 ,this ,victor1 who destruction hurl'd ,made always a great noise in the world1 ,for he had been a drummer1 so ,the way to beat he'd cause to know4 ,but1 while victorious1 now we find ,desaix received a shot behind1 ,his ,aid-du-camp was bribed to do it1 ,and well1 too1 the ,first ,consul knew it2 ,besides the shot1 a base attack6 ,he got a stab1 too1 in the back2 ,he fell1 and instantly expir'd-- ,his death by ,boney was desired3 ,yet when they told him he was dead1 #8,why can't ,i weep8' he faintly said4 ,illustration ,this scandalous accusation is too contemptible to be thought true for a moment2 but ,i must reproduce it1 to show what was said of ,napoleon in ,england4 ,yet1 in a portion of it1 there is a small substratum of truth4 ,hear what ,de ,bourrienne says3 #8,the death of ,desaix was not perceived at the moment it took place4 ,he fell without saying a word1 at a little distance from ,lefebvre-,desnouettes4 ,a battalion-sergeant of the ninth brigade of light infantry1 commanded by ,barrois1 seeing him extended on the ground1 asked permission to pick up his cap4 ,it was found to be perforated behind2 and this circumstance leaves it doubtful whether ,desaix was killed by some unlucky inadvertency while advancing at the head of his troops1 or by the enemy when turning towards his men to encourage them4' ,other accounts speak of his being shot in the breast4 ,how ,napoleon loved ,desaix1 is best told by them who knew him well1 and let them bear witness against this gross calumny4 ,de ,bourrienne says3 #8,after supper1 the ,first ,consul dictated to me the bulletin of the battle4 ,when we were alone1 ,i said to him1 8,general1 here's a fine victory4 ,you recollect what you said the other day1 about the pleasure with which you would return to ,france after striking a grand blow in ,italy3 surely you must be satisfied now80--8,yes1 ,bourrienne1 ,i am satisfied4 ,but ,desaix6444 ,ah1 what a triumph would this have been if ,i could have embraced him to-night on the field of battle60 ,as he uttered these words1 ,i saw that ,bonaparte was on the point of shedding tears1 so sincere and profound was his grief for the death of ,desaix4 ,he certainly never loved1 esteemed or regretted1 any man so much4' ,o',meara writes3 #8,asked him if it were true that ,desaix had1 a little before his death1 sent a message of the following purport to him3 8,tell the ,first ,consul that ,i regret dying before ,i have done sufficient to make my name known to posterity40 ,napoleon replied1 8it was true10 and accompanied it with some warm eulogiums on ,desaix4' ,as a matter of fact ,napoleon could not sufficiently honour the memory of his comrade1 so highly did he estimate him4 ,he spoke1 in his bulletins1 of the irreparable loss his death caused him2 he took for his own aides-de-camp1 ,rapp1 and ,savary1 who had acted in this capacity to ,desaix4 ,a medal was struck in his honour1 his statue should have been erected on the ,place des ,victoires1 solemn ceremonies were ordered1 masses were said1 and a monument was raised1 by subscription1 on the ,place ,dauphine1 ,paris4 ,it is amusing to read in the newspapers of the day 7with the exception of the #8,times'7 the spiteful things said against ,napoleon4 ,but ,cobbett1 in the #8,porcupine1' outdoes them all1 and spits his venom on the most harmless deeds4 #8,the late establishment of ,soup shops in ,paris1 naturally excites some curious ideas4 ,madame ,bonaparte1 their patroness1 who is also a sprig of nobility1 seems in no small degree attached to the ancient regimen2 hence probably her wish to revive soup meagre1 frogs1 c4 ,nor is it less remarkable that the ,french should wish to establish soup shops1 just at the time when they were falling into disuse in this country4'#ed #8,the ,morning ,post tells us that 8the ,chief ,consul has taken a thousand subscription tickets for the soup establishments at ,paris40 ,this is at once a proof of that plenty which we have been told exists in ,france1 and of the ,charity of the ,chief ,consul4 ,if ever there was a country more degraded than all others1 it is ,france4 ,should there be1 amongst the people of that country1 one man left1 who entertains antient notions1 what must be his mortification and shame to see his countrymen not only ruled1 but actually fed like paupers1 by a low bred upstart from the contemptible island of ,corsica6 ,and this1 ye gods6 is the ,grand ,nation6 ,this is the nation who is to change the public law of ,europe6 ,this is the nation to whom ,britons are requested to bow down their heads6 ,to return to the 8soup establishments10 we should be glad to know how the ,corsican came by the money to purchase a thousand tickets4 ,was it part of the dower which ,barras gave him with his bride8 ,we rather think he wrung it from the hands of the sovereign people4 ,what a base1 what a despicable1 race of slaves6 ,they submit to assessments1 forced loans1 requisitions1 and confiscations2 they see their treasure seized on by millions upon millions1 and they applaud the 8charity and generosity0 of the plunderer in chief1 because he bestows on them the fractions in soup maigre6#8#ee ,cobbett did not write with ink1 but with gall1 and was not at all particular as to the veracity of his statements4 ,take the following examples3#ef #8,lucien ,buonaparte is holden in detestation in ,france4 ,his office1 as ,minister of the ,interior1 gives him the command of very large sums1 which he wastes in every kind of dissipation1 and in the most scandalous manner1 in order1 forsooth6 to support his rank as a ,prince of the ,blood666 ,he is protected by the whole power of his brother1 whose vanity1 the leading foible in his character1 leads him to confer on the members of his family1 all the advantages and prerogatives of ,sovereign princes4 ,this conduct has rendered him the object of incessant ridicule1 and considerably diminished his popularity4 #8,another species of evil peculiar to a corrupt military government1 prevails in a very great degree1 and has become particularly offensive to the ,french1 viz4 the influence and insolence of generals4 #8,all the generals attached to ,buonaparte1 those who supported him in his usurpation1 and those who were with him in ,egypt1 bear an exact resemblance to the minions and favourites of the ,roman ,emperors4 ,these men have the public treasure almost entirely at their disposal4 ,general ,lasnes1 one of the ,consul's chief friends1 spends the enormous sum of five hundred thousand livres 7upwards of twenty thousand guineas6667 a month1 at ,paris1 where he and his aids de camp occupy one of the most magnificent hotels in that capital4 ,buonaparte1 not being able to supply his favourites with sufficient specie for defraying their unbounded expences1 grants them conges d'exportation1 i4e4 an exclusive permission to export various articles the exportation of which is prohibited by law2 these conges are sold to mercantile men1 who purchase them at a very high price4' #8,to the facts1 which we stated on ,monday1 respecting the prodigality of ,buonaparte and his creatures1 we may add the instance of ,general ,ney4 ,this ,republican ,bashaw has fixed his head-quarters at ,neubourg1 at the expence of which place1 his table is furnished at the rate of ninety pounds sterling a day6 ,the ,french have a proverb1 the truth of which they and their neighbours now experience to their sorrow3 8,il vaut mieux qu'une cit soit brle1 q'un parvenu la gouverne0--,a city had better be burnt to ashes1 than submit to the rule of an upstart vagabond4'#eg ,,chapter ,,xxi4 ,,plots ,,against ,,napoleon',s ,,life--,,that ,,of ,,october #aj1 #ahjj--,,that ,,of ,,december #bd1 #ahjj--,,number ,,of ,,people ,,killed ,,and ,,injured--,,napoleon',s ,,portrait4 ,the two plots against ,napoleon's life which occurred in this year must not be forgotten4 ,let us have ,combe's version1 which does not much exaggerate the facts of the cases3-- ,it seems the ,jacobins against ,our hero greatly were incensed3 ,his leves1 drawing-rooms1 and so forth1 ,they look'd upon as deeds of no worth2 ,the pageantry he held so dear1 ,did not ,republican appear2 ,and1 at such goings on distrest1 ,their indignation they exprest2 ,our hero consequently saw ,the need of keeping them in awe2 ,so he contrived a plot1 which seems ,the masterpiece of all his schemes2 ,and in this plot1 too1 he resolved ,his greatest foes should be involved4 ,fouch pretended1 on th' occasion1 7,for ,nap allow'd of no evasion7 ,that some conspirators had got ,daggers and pistols1 and what not1 ,to make the ,conqueror their aim1 ,when from the ,opera he came4 ,nap to the ,opera went indeed1 ,one gave the signal1 as agreed2 ,three men were instantly arrested ,three whom great ,bonaparte detested4 ,they got it seems a dagger from one1 ,but carrying daggers now was common2 ,he was from ,nap at a great distance1 ,this proof1 tho'1 was of no assistance2 ,when the supposed assassination ,had undergone examination1 ,they seiz'd on others1 as directed1 ,for having such a scheme projected2 ,one prov'd at home that night he slept1 ,for being ill1 his bed he kept2 ,all this1 however1 had no weight1 ,for ,nap's resentment was too great4 ,they suffered by the guillotine1 ,which was his favourite machine2 ,save one1 th' ,italian too1 ,i wot1 ,from whom the dagger had been got1 ,nap banish'd him1 and with him too1 ,th' ,italian patriotic crew2 ,four thousand1 as historians say1 ,for no offence were swept away4 ,the first plot was that of ,october #aj1 #ahjj1 and it has1 certainly1 somewhat of a police #8get up' about it4 ,the ,first ,consul knew all about it through an ex chef de bataillon named ,harrel1 who used to come every night to ,de ,bourrienne1 and tell him what the so-called conspirators had done4 ,he supplied ,harrel1 at ,napoleon's request1 with money1 c4 ,napoleon was never in any danger1 and four men perished by the guillotine4 ,barre says3 #8,still the persons designed1 and arrested1 on the very spot of the premeditated murder1 were strictly searched about their proper persons1 and neighbouring places1 and not an arm1 nor even a pin1 was found4 ,with what1 then1 could those pretended conspirators commit a murder1 since1 at the very moment1 and on the very spot where it was to have been perpetrated1 no kind of arms were found about them8 #8,that such was the case1 it was asserted1 and never denied1 in the course of the trial4 #8,the only witness was one ,harel1 an acknowledged spy of the police1 holding the rank of ,captain4 #8,and on the single evidence of a spy1 devoted to1 and paid by1 the police1 four men 7,arena1 ,ceracchi1 ,demerville1 and ,topino-,lebrun17 were condemned to death4444 #8,those unfortunate men having appealed from such iniquitous judgment1 as grounded on many erroneous statements1 and irregular proceedings1 the court of appeals divided1 when it was found that eight judges were for repealing1 and eight for confirming1 the judgment4 #8,the division being equal1 five more judges were added to the sixteen1 when the iniquitous judgment was confirmed4' ,the other attempt upon ,napoleon's life was genuine enough4 ,on ,december #bd1 #ahjj1 ,haydn's ,oratorio of the #8,creation' was to be performed at the ,opera4 ,he was sleepy1 and disinclined to go1 but was overpersuaded1 and went4 ,luckily his coachman was drunk1 and drove faster than usual4 ,in the ,rue ,st4 ,nicaise there was a loud explosion1 two or three seconds after he had passed the place where it had occurred4 ,a barrel of gunpowder1 surrounded by grapeshot1 and pieces of iron1 was fixed in a cart1 and fired when ,napoleon passed4 ,he escaped1 but twenty people were killed1 and fifty-three wounded1 including ,st4 ,regent who fired the train4 ,the coachman was so drunk that he drove on1 thinking it was only a salute that had been fired4 ,there are several1 and contradictory1 versions of this event1 but this seems to be the most authentic-- ,for this conspiracy ideal ,was soon succeeded by one real4 ,while the ,first ,consul1 with delight1 ,was going to the play one night2 ,his carriage pass'd a narrow way1 ,where an infernal barrel lay-- ,this barrel of a sudden blew up1 ,and the combustibles all flew up4 ,with great dismay was ,boney filled1 ,no wonder--some were hurt and kill'd2 ,the windows of the carriage broke1 ,and most tremendous was the smoke3 ,the coachman luckily enough1 ,had taken plenty of strong stuff2 ,and1 not regarding any evil1 ,drove thro' the passage like a devil2 ,his whip applied when there was need1 ,and saved his master by his speed4 ,had coachee been of drink no lover1 ,with ,nap it would have been all over4 ,the ,jacobins 7for1 as related1 ,this party the brave ,consul hated17 ,were mark'd for this assassination1 ,and many suffered transportation4 ,indeed our hero firmly swore1 7,as he had often done before1 ,for he would swear thro' thick and thin71 ,the ,british had a hand therein-- ,it seems the gentleman forgot ,john ,bull disdains a wicked plot4 ,cobbett1 of course1 improves the occasion4#eh #8,miserable slaves6 ,for an instance of base flattery1 surpassing anything we have hitherto seen1 take the following from the ,chef du ,cabinet3 8,the explosion of the infernal machine broke twenty-nine pictures1 out of thirty1 which ornamented an apartment in the street of ,st4 ,thomas4 ,the single picture which escaped1 was that of the ,chief ,consul4 ,one would be ready to affirm 7mark this7 that the same ,god1 who watches over the life of the first ,consul1 protected even his likeness0666 ,what ,emperor was it that talked of making his horse a ,consul8 ,an ,english blood horse would be disgraced by becoming the successor of ,buonaparte4' ,and again3#ei #8,buonaparte's embracing the ,parisian addressers1 puts us in mind of the good old ceremony of the thief's kissing the hangman4' ,,chapter ,,xxii4 ,,general ,,fast--,,adulteration1 ,,and ,,compulsory ,,sale ,,of ,,stale ,,bread--,,war ,,in ,,egypt--,,the ,,boulogne ,,flotilla--,,negotiations ,,for ,,peace--,,ratification ,,of ,,preliminaries--,,reception ,,in ,,england--,,general ,,rejoicings4 ,it is sad to take up the very first number of the #8,london ,gazette' for #ahja1 and find #8,a ,proclamation for a general ,fast1' which was to be held on ,february #ac1 the reason wherefore is stated thus3 #8,,we1 taking into ,our most serious consideration the heavy ,judgments with which ,almighty ,god is pleased to visit the ,iniquities of this land1 by a grievous ,scarcity and ,dearth of divers ,articles of ,sustenance1 and ,necessaries of ,life c4' ,the war bore grievously on the ,commons1 and1 consequently1 ,napoleon was in like measure abhorred4 ,nothing short of the thought of approaching famine could have caused ,parliament to pass1 and the king give his royal assent to1#fj #8,an ,act to prevent until the ,sixth ,day of ,november1 ,one ,thousand ,eight ,hundred and ,one1 and from thence to the ,end of ,six ,weeks from the ,commencement of the then next ,session of ,parliament1 the manufacturing of any fine ,flour from ,wheat1 or other ,grain1 and the making of any ,bread solely from the fine ,flour of ,wheat2 and to repeal an ,act1 passed in the ,thirty-,sixth ,year of the ,reign of ,his present ,majesty1 for permitting ,bakers to make and sell certain ,sorts of ,bread1 and to make more effectual ,provision for the same4' ,this took effect on ,january #ca1 #ahja4 #8,an ,act to prohibit1 until the ,first ,day of ,october1 ,one thousand eight hundred and one1 and from thence to the ,end of ,six ,weeks next after the then next ,session of ,parliament1 any ,person or ,persons from selling any ,bread which shall not have been baked ,twenty-four ,hours4' ,this ,act was #da ,geo4 ,,iii4 cap4 #ag1 and it recites the reason in the preamble3 #8,whereas it is expedient to reduce as much as possible1 at the present moment1 the consumption of ,wheat flour4 ,and whereas it appears a considerable saving would arise if ,bread was prohibited from being sold until it had been baked a certain time1 c4' ,the penalties of non-compliance ranging from #es4 to #djs4 ,here is a receipt given for adulterated bread3 #8,improvement of bread1 with economy of flour1 and saving of expense3--,take one pound of ground rice1 put it in cold water sufficient to cover it1 and something more1 boil it1 and it will absorb all the water1 and weigh four pounds2 mix four pounds of flour with it1 knead them well together1 and lighten them with yeast1 like common bread1 and they will produce ten pounds ten ounces of excellent bread1 which will not cost more than twopence halfpenny per pound1 and will save one half in the consumption of flour4 ,n4,b4 this bread will keep moist a week4' ,when we remember that bad bread was on ,january #a1 #ahja1 #as4 #i;d4 per quartern loaf1 on ,march #e1 #as4 #aj;d41 and although it dropped after harvest as low as #aj;d41 yet closed ,december #ca at #as4 #j;d41 and that this bad bread had to be eaten stale1 all through ,boney1 we cannot wonder that the people did not love him4 ,his direct presence was brought home to all and every one daily1 by means of that most susceptible bodily organ1 the stomach4 ,it was hitting ,john ,bull in a very vulnerable part4 ,the war in ,egypt still kept on1 and in ,february reinforcements of #ae1ccj men1 under the command of ,sir ,ralph ,abercrombie1 set sail in a fleet of #age vessels or ships4 ,in ,march they defeated the ,french under ,menon1 the renegade1 but at the cost of the life of the brave ,abercrombie4 ,on ,april #ai1 ,rosetta surrendered to our forces1 and on ,june #bg ,cairo capitulated1 on condition that ,general ,belliard1 with all his troops1 arms1 and baggage1 should be taken back to ,france4 ,on their march back to the coast1 ,menon1 finding his cause hopeless1 surrendered on the same terms1 and thus ended the ,french occupation of ,egypt4 ,with ,napoleon's concordat with the ,pope we have nothing to do1 except that his satirists here did not forget to contrast his attendance at the solemn ,te ,deum at ,notre ,dame with his pseudo-,mahometanism in ,egypt4 ,what more affected us1 was the arming along the ,channel coast1 and the ,flotilla at ,boulogne1 which was to act as transport for the army for the invasion of ,england4 ,the ,french themselves laughed at these little cockle-shells of boats1 teste ,madame ,junot3-- #8,boulogne was designated from the year #ahja1 as the chief station of the enterprise against ,england4 ,the greatest activity suddenly prevailed in all ports of the ,channel2 camps were formed on the coast1 divisions of light vessels were organised1 and multitudes were built4 ,the ,flotilla1 as it was called1 created apparently with the greatest exertion1 and all the apparatus of preparation1 spread1 as was intended1 alarm on the opposite shore4 ,the ,boulogne ,flotilla was composed of extremely light boats1 so small1 that at ,paris1 where everything forms the subject of a jest1 they were called walnut shells4 ,brunet1 who at this time was a truly comic actor1 performing in some piece which ,i do not remember1 was eating walnuts1 the shells of which1 after a little preparation1 he launched upon some water in a tub by his side4 8,what are you doing80 said his fellow actor4 8,making des pniches10 replied ,brunet4 ,this was the name by which the flat-bottomed boats of the flotilla were known at ,paris4 ,but poor ,brunet was made to atone by twenty-four hours' imprisonment for his unseasonble joke on the ,government2 and the day after his release the same piece was performed4 ,when ,brunet should have made the interdicted reply1 he was silent4 ,the other actor repeated the inquiry as to what he was doing4 ,still ,brunet made no answer1 and the other with an air of impatience proceeded3 8,perhaps you do not know what you are about80 8,oh yes60 said ,brunet1 8,i know very well what ,i am about1 but ,i know better than to tell40 ,the laugh was general1 and so were the applauses2 and1 in truth1 nothing could be more droll than the manner in which this was uttered2 ,brunet's countenance in saying it was of itself sufficient to provoke universal hilarity4' ,but1 in very truth1 ,john ,bull was not much frightened3 there was ,nelson1 and his fleet1 and people had great faith in them4 ,but ,nelson could do little against this passive fleet4 ,on ,august #c he bombarded ,boulogne1 sunk five gunboats1 and damaged others2 and on the #aeth of the same month he tried to capture1 or destroy1 these gunboats1 but was unsuccessful in his attempt1 as the ,french had chained them to the shore4 ,we now come to the principal event of the year1 the ,peace--over which there was much coquetting4 ,as early as ,march1 ,lord ,hawkesbury1 the then ,secretary of ,state for ,foreign ,affairs1 addressed a letter to ,m4 ,otto1 signifying ,king ,george's desire to enter into negotiations for the restoration of peace4 ,these negotiations for peace were naturally noticed1 and one very good etching1 by ,roberts1 #8,negotiation ,see ,saw1' shows ,napoleon and ,john ,bull engaged in that pastime seated on a plank #8,peace or ,war4' ,bonaparte says1 #8,there ,johnny1 now ,i'm down1 and you are up--then ,i go up and you go down ,johnny--so we go on4' ,john ,bull does not enjoy the situation so much1 but grumbles1 #8,i wish you would settle it one way or other1 for if you keep bumping me up and down in this manner ,i shall be ruined in ,diachilem ,plaster4' ,a somewhat elaborate etching1 also by ,roberts 7no date1 #ahja71 depicts #8,john ,bull's ,prayer to ,peace1 or the flight of ,discord4' ,he is on his knees praying the following to ,peace3 #8,sublime ,descendant of ,happiness1 incline thine ear to the ,petition of thy poor ,patient1 worn out oppressed ,i4 ,bull1 who humbly prayeth thee that thou would'st in the first place exert thy influence1 and be the means of restoring to me again those lost ,liberties and ,privileges ,i have been so basely rob'd of1 and that you would'st be pleased also to put a speedy stop to cruel monopolizing1 and e'er it be long1 send me thy attendant ,plenty1 to comfort me and my long suffering numerous ,family1 and may that horrid ,demon ,discord never return again4' ,peace1 whom the eye of ,providence watches over1 replies3 #8,thy ,prayer shall be fulfill'd1 ,plenty awaits thee with all her blessings1 her pace is slow but sure4' ,bonaparte and ,pitt1 who is represented as covered with serpents1 are retreating4 ,on ,october #a1 preliminary articles of peace with ,france were signed at ,lord ,hawkesbury's office at ,downing ,street1 by his ,lordship1 and ,m4 ,otto on the part of the ,french ,government1 and great were the rejoicings at the event1 although not so great as they might have been4 ,the #8,times' of ,october #c says3 #8,the public were so impatient to express their feelings on the occasion of the ,news of the ,preliminaries of ,peace being signed1 that almost all the public streets were illuminated last night4 ,this was evidently not the wish of the ,government1 who have deferred a general illumination until the ratification of them comes back from ,france4 ,accordingly1 none of the ,public ,offices were illuminated1 nor either of the ,theatres4 ,the ratification of the ,preliminaries is expected from ,paris on ,tuesday next4' ,no wonder #8the public were so impatient to express their feelings1' their joy must have been so great4 ,long-suffering1 they had borne the burden and heat of a long war1 cheerfully too1 and gladly must they have welcomed its conclusion4 ,in ,paris the joy was the same4 ,the #8,times1' ,october #aj1 says3 #8,the ,intelligence 444 was announced to the inhabitants of ,paris by discharges of ,artillery1 and was proclaimed by torch light throughout the streets4 ,at night there was a general illumination4 ,never was joy more fervently expressed4' ,one of the most practical tests of renewed confidence was the great variation of #c per cent4 ,consols--in ,september #eh2 in ,october #fi4 ,on ,october #aj came the preliminaries1 ratified4 ,let us see the #8,times'' account3--#8,london ,october #abth4 ,on ,saturday morning1 at ten o'clock1 ,general ,daurostan1#fa ,chef de ,brigade in the ,artillery1 and ,aide de ,camp to ,general ,bonaparte1 arrived at ,m4 ,otto's house in ,hereford ,street1 with the ratification of the ,french ,government of the ,preliminaries of ,peace signed on the #ast inst4 between ,lord ,hawkesbury and ,m4 ,otto in ,downing ,street4 #8,the ,preliminaries were ratified in ,paris on the #eth2 but ,general ,daurostan was not dispatched till ,wednesday evening1 in order to give time for a magnificent gold box to be made1 in which the ratification was enclosed to ,lord ,hawkesbury4 ,the ,general was also delayed by his carriage breaking down upon the road4 #8,after breakfasting at ,m4 ,otto's1 the ,general1 accompanied by the ,minister1 and ,mr4 ,st4 ,john 7,mrs4 ,otto's brother71 proceeded to ,reddish's ,hotel1 in ,st4 ,james's ,street1 where he dressed1 and afterwards went to ,downing ,street4 ,on their way thither1 the populace took the horses from the carriage1 and drew it through the principal streets4 ,as soon as the ,ratifications had been exchanged1 ,lord ,hawkesbury sent a letter to the ,lord ,mayor4444 ,general ,daurostan cannot fail to communicate to his ,court the very flattering manner in which he had been received in ,london4 ,his carriage having been drawn to ,st4 ,james's ,street1 he alighted and came forward to the window1 and bowed to the populace4 ,on his way to ,downing ,street1 they drew his carriage through the ,park4 ,lord ,st4 ,vincent happening to be at the garden-gate of the ,admiralty1 the mob gave the gallant ,admiral three hearty cheers1 who1 in return1 recommended them to take care of the strangers1 and not to overturn the carriage4444 ,it is understood that there will be another illumination this evening4 ,the ,bank and ,post ,office have given notice of their intending to do so4' ,cobbett foamed at the mouth over this ,peace1 and his utterances are so caustic as to be well worth reproduction4#fb #8,we request our readers to observe1 that henceforth we shall be very particular in what we say about the most illustrious ,sovereign ,consul ,buonaparte4 ,oh6 how we shall extol him6 ,we shall endeavour to give our readers the earliest information1 when he rises1 breakfasts1 dines1 sups1 and spits4 ,with all reverence1 we shall treat of his lovely1 chaste1 and bonny ,queen--thus by way of a touch3 #8,it is with superlative pleasure we inform our readers1 that the last news from ,france represents the health of the ,first ,consul to be improving4 ,this glory of the world1 is returned to his country palace at ,malmaison4 ,but it was after ,october #aj1 when the ,ratification had arrived1 that ,cobbett's wrath boiled over1 and he appears at his finest4 ,in the number for ,october #ab1 he gives vent to his impassioned feelings in words like these3#fc #8,on ,saturday last1 such a scene was exhibited in this metropolis1 as we never expected to have lived to witness1 and having witnessed it1 we care not how soon we resign our existence6 444 a vile degraded rabble1 miscalled ,britons1 took the horses out of the carriage which contained the two ,french ,citizens1 ,otto and ,lauriston--the latter of whom they mistook for the brother of ,buonaparte--and dragged it from ,oxford ,street to ,downing ,street2 then back through the ,park1 and1 not content with taking the usual carriage road1 dragged it through the ,mall1 a place appropriated1 exclusively1 as a carriage road1 to the use of the ,,royal ,,family666' ,but ,cobbett had good reason to be sore1 for the mob had smashed the windows of his dwelling-house in ,pall ,mall1 and at his office in ,southampton ,street1 because he would not illuminate2 so he takes his revenge in a peculiar manner4 #8,he did not know that there existed in the country1 any force whatever1 to compel his ,majesty's subjects to exhibit1 at night1 manifestations of joy at an event which1 in the morning1 he had stated his reasons for believing to be a subject of deep concern4 ,but he has unfortunately found himself mistaken2 and he is1 therefore1 under the necessity of apprizing his readers1 that1 until the principles of the ,british ,constitution1 and the laws of the realm1 which have ever been objects of his fervent admiration1 and most zealous support1 can rise superior to the destructive rage of a senseless and infuriate rabble2 until he can derive that protection from the ,police of the ,country1 which every subject has a right to claim1 but which he has1 hitherto1 been unable to obtain2 until1 in short1 that 8tumult of exultation10 and that 8delirium of joy10 which a ,ministerial writer so emphatically described1 and so earnestly wished1 might increase1 shall have subsided1 the publication of ,the ,porcupine will cease1 and the mob be left to exercise their vengeance on an empty office4' ,but he did not long leave the populace thirsting for his utterances1 for the paper was resumed on ,october #ae4 ,at length all parties pleased to yield1 ,a treaty was in ,london seal'd2 ,and ,nap with pleasure had to say ,that ,england own'd his ,cons'lar sway4 ,the ,royalists were vex'd at this1 ,they took the treaty much amiss2 ,it seem'd 7as for a time it was7 ,destructive of the ,bourbon cause4 ,this ,amiens treaty1 as 'twas termed ,was in ,october month confirm'd2 ,and ,london1 tho' so ill repaid1 ,illuminations grand display'd4 ,,chapter ,,xxiii4 ,,the ,,peace ,,of ,,amiens--,,cession ,,of ,,trinidad ,,and ,,ceylon--,,international ,,visits--,,fox',s ,,trip ,,to ,,france1 ,,and ,,reception ,,by ,,napoleon4 ,an unknown artist1 probably ,ansell1 produced on ,october #bf1 #ahja1 a caricature of #8,the ,child and ,champion of ,jacobinism new ,christened 7vide ,pitt's ,speech74' ,bonaparte is bending over a font1 which1 is supported by ,egyptian sphinges1 whilst a bishop calls out1 #8,name this ,child4' ,addington and ,pitt are the godfathers1 and ,lord ,hawkesbury is the godmother4 ,pitt replies1 #8,deliverer of ,europe and ,pacificator of the ,world4' ,addington says1 #8,i hope he will abolish the ,slave ,trade'2 and the godmother mentions1 #8,you need not say anything about the march to ,paris4' ,gillray 7,november #i1 #ahja7 gives us a very elaborate picture of #8,political ,dreamings--,visions of ,peace6--,perspective ,horrors6' ,windham1 who was the leader of the war party1 is asleep1 and his dreams are full of incident--too full1 indeed1 to recapitulate here4 ,but the principal scene in the sleeping man's vision is ,napoleon dragging to the guillotine by a halter1 ,britannia1 whose trident is broken1 as1 also is her shield4 #8,the ,balance of ,power1' by ,ansell 7,december #a1 #ahja71 shows a pair of scales1 in which ,bonaparte weighs down ,pitt and the ,lord ,chancellor4 ,pitt ruefully exclaims1 #8,so this is the ,balance of ,power we have been making such a fuss about--a pretty piece of business we have made of it4 ,curse that sword of his1 'tis that has made us kick the ,beam4' ,hostilities with ,france having ceased with the ratification of the preliminaries of peace1 there was but little caricaturing of ,napoleon1 and none of an offensive character4 ,napoleon occupied his time in attending to home affairs1 as also did the ,british ,government4 ,but the peace was not absolutely concluded1 and much diplomatic wrangling took place1 as usual1 before the ,peace of ,amiens was really signed on ,march #bg1 #ahjb4 ,its principal articles must be briefly enumerated here1 as they will be found of use in understanding forthcoming caricatures4 ,illustration ,england restored to ,france1 ,spain1 and ,batavia1 all the possessions which had been occupied or conquered during the war1 with the exception of ,trinidad and ,ceylon4 ,malta was to be restored to the ,order of ,st4 ,john of ,jerusalem--the ,british troops to evacuate the island within three months1 or sooner2 but ,malta was to be independent1 such independence being guaranteed by the ,great ,powers1 and the ports to be open to the vessels of all nations1 with the exception of those belonging to the ,barbary ,powers4 ,these are the principal articles necessary for us to bear in mind4 ,due credit was given to ,bonaparte's astuteness1 and our plenipotentiary1 ,lord ,cornwallis1 was considered no match for him4 ,the ,caricature year of #ahjb seems to open with one by ,ansell 7,january #i71 #8,a ,game at ,chess' between ,bonaparte and ,lord ,cornwallis4 ,bonaparte says1 #8,check to your ,king4 ,remember this is not the first time1 and ,i think a very few ,manuvres more will compleatly convince you that ,i am better acquainted with the ,game ,i am playing1 than you are aware of4' ,cornwallis1 tearing his hair1 exclaims1 #8,curse it1 ,i shall lose this game4 ,you are too much for me4' ,this was followed by another from the same pencil 7,february #h71 called #8,cross examination1' where ,lord ,cornwallis is button-holing ,bonaparte1 and saying1 #8,there is great delay in our negociation comeing to a conclusion1 and ,i understand our ,people are very uneasy lest you should be ,humbugging us--,your fleet having sail'd1 has given cause for many conjectures1 and to tell you the truth it puzzles me a little to know what your intention is4' ,bonaparte's reply is plain and simple1 #8,i have to tell you1 ,sir1 that ,i do not desire to give you the information you seem to wish for1 and whether ,i sign or not1 is of little consequence to the ,republican government2 our fleet ,i am in hopes will pick up something4' ,in ,march #ahjb ,woodward produced a somewhat dreary picture called #8,the ,national ,institute's first ,interview with their ,president4' ,napoleon1 seated under a canopy1 says to ,sheridan1 ,fox1 ,bedford1 and ,burdett1 #8,gentlemen1 you are welcome1 and ,i invite you to the ,honors of the sitting4' ,sheridan1 who is kneeling1 holds a phial and box in his hands1 and begs that ,napoleon will #8,be pleased to accept some true poetic ,tincture1 and a small ,box of ,pizarro#fd ,pills4' ,fox1 who has a money bag under his arm1 says1 #8,i have brought a pound and a half of ,patriotism for your eminence4' ,the ,duke of ,bedford opines that #8,he'll not be displeased with a few ,bedford biscuits2' and ,burdett1 with his hair1 as usual1 combed over his eyes1 refers to his present1 #8,i have brought him a ,phial of ,genuine ,bastile ,balsam4' ,but when once the peace was signed1 much show was made of shaking hands and being friends4 ,englishmen went over to ,france in numbers2 ,frenchmen reciprocated1 but not to the same extent4 ,this feeling is shown by the caricaturist1 for on ,april #ad1 #ahjb1 was published 7artist unknown7 a picture entitled #8,a ,peaceable ,pipe1 or a ,consular ,visit to ,john ,bull4' ,napoleon and ,john ,bull are in amicable converse1 smoking1 and drinking beer4 ,john ,bull says1 #8,here's to you1 ,master ,boney ,party2 come1 take another whiff1 my hearty6' ,to this hospitable invitation ,napoleon replies1 #8,je vous remercie1 ,john ,bull1 ,i think ,i'll take another pull4' ,mrs4 ,bull is hard at work mending ,john's breeches1 which are wofully dilapidated3 says she1 soliloquising1 #8,now we are at ,peace1 if my ,husband does take a drop extraordinary ,i don't much mind1 but when he was at war1 he was always grumbling4 ,bless me1 how tiresome these old breeches are to mend2 no wonder he wore them out1 for he had always his hands in his pockets for something or other4' ,as before said1 with the peace came mutual intercourse between ,england and ,france1 and there is a picture by ,ansell 7,may #ad1 #ahjb71 which represents #8,a ,trip to ,paris1 or ,iohn ,bull and his ,spouse1 invited to the ,honors of the ,sitting66' ,napoleon receives ,john ,bull and ,ireland1 and when seated1 ,napoleon addresses them thus3 #8,indeed1 ,mr4 ,bull1 ,i am quite charmed with you--there is something so easy and polite in your manners4' ,john ,bull1 however1 is not to be taken in by such palpable #8blarney1' and replies1 #8,come--come ,mounseer ,bonny party1 that's all gammon d'ye see4 ,d--n me if ,i know more about politeness than a ,cow does of a new shilling66' ,ireland looks very angrily at her spouse1 and remonstrates3 #8,for shame1 ,mr4 ,bull1 what will the ,jontleman think of your ,blarney about gammon and cows1 and ,bodder and nonsense2 by ,st4 ,patrick1 ,i must send you to ,kilkenny to larn good breeding4' ,some of these caricatures were rather dreary2 take1 for example1 #8,the ,consular ,warehouse or a ,great ,man nail'd to the ,counter' 7,cawse1 ,may #bj74 ,napoleon is keeping a shop1 selling1 among other things1 #8,preserved ,promises1 ,pickled ,piety from ,rome1 ,oil of ,lodi1 ,marengo ,olio1 ,bullet ,bolusses advice gratis4 ,n4,b4 ,one ,pill is a dose1 also ,islands for ,home ,consumption ,martinique--,st4 ,lucia4' ,john ,bull has just bought two1 paid for in good hard cash1 and takes his goods home with him4 ,under one arm he carries the #8,island of ,indemnity1 ci-devant ,ceylon'--under the other is the #8,island of ,security1 ci-devant ,trinidad4' ,they hardly seem to be ,john ,bull's idea of a bargain1 for he is saying1 #8,they be very light to be sure--but harkee1 my worthy1--you'll not forget to carry on a little trade with the ,old ,shop2 if you don't1 you know1 a ,rowland for an ,oliver1 that's all4' ,napoleon1 however1 reassures him with #8,we'll not talk of that at present1 ,mr4 ,bull2 all you have to do1 is to take care of your new ,islands2 mind you don't tumble down1 and break them1 before you get home--,they are very brittle1 but a very good article for all that4' ,as the year grew older1 the entente cordiale grew colder4 ,suspicions of ,napoleon's intentions were aroused1 and ,malta was not evacuated as per treaty4 ,one or two warning caricatures1 stormy petrels1 made their appearance1 and in the autumn of this year appeared #8,the ,corsican ,conjurer raising the plagues of ,europe4' ,he is shewn with huge cocked hat and an ample robe1 which is held up by the ,devil1 who encourages him1 #8,that's right my fine fellow--,if you don't kick up a pretty dust in the world1 never trust the ,devil again--that's all4' ,napoleon is waving a rod over a caldron1 in which are serpents1 and a devil1 the steam from which is labelled1 in different clouds1 #8,anarchy1 ,pride1 ,murder1 ,confusion1 ,treason1 ,war1 ,plunder1 ,revenge1 ,massacre1 ,avarice1 ,cruelty1 ,usurpation1 ,hatred1 ,horror1 ,envy1 ,blasphemy1 ,malice1 ,craft1 ,falsehood1 and ,terror4' ,there is another one1 #8,parcelling out ,john ,bull1' which is a queer conceit4 ,napoleon has a huge pair of ,compasses1 with which he is measuring ,john ,bull--congratulating himself that #8,he really will make a pretty addition to my departments--he cuts out extremely well indeed4' ,there is the ,wig ,department1 ,department of the ,head1 ,arm ,department1 ,department of the ,body1 ,fob ,department1 ,breeches pocket ,department1 ,right and ,left ,leg ,divisions4 ,but ,john ,bull assures his friend1 in no kindly spirit1 #8,harkee ,young one1 you have forgotten the ,fist ,department1 and if you don't take away your d--d ,compasses1 ,i'll give you a relish of it4 ,cut me out1 indeed6 why1 ,i'll fight you with one hand tied behind me4' ,this caricature is neither signed nor dated1 but it was undoubtedly issued in the autumn of #ahjb4 ,we have seen that it was fashionable for ,englishmen to run over to ,france after the conclusion of peace1 and ,charles ,james ,fox was no exception to the rule2 but he had to wait a little1 until after the ,westminster election1 when1 on ,july #ae1 he was returned head of the poll4 ,he did not long delay the trip1 and on ,july #bi he set out on his journey1 accompanied by his wife1 the ,hon4 ,st4 ,andrew ,st4 ,john 7afterwards ,lord ,st4 ,john7 and a young ,irishman named ,trotter1#fe who wrote an exhaustive account of their journey4 ,on the #dth of ,august1 ,napoleon had been elected ,consul for life1 a step which might probably tend to consolidate peace1 and which rendered his position equal to any other ,european sovereign4 ,when ,fox reached ,paris1 it was rumoured that this was only preliminary to his taking a higher rank1 with the title of ,emperor of the ,gauls4 ,just then1 ,englishmen were in great favour at ,paris1 and ,fox's arrival created a great commotion4 ,all vied with each other to pay him attention1 and it was settled he should be presented to the ,first ,consul at his next leve1 which took place on ,september #c4 ,illustration ,caricaturists1 like poets1 must needs be allowed some licence1 and ,gillray 7,november #ae71 in his picture of the #8,introduction of ,citizen ,volpone1#ff and his ,suite1 at ,paris1' draws slightly upon his imagination as to ,napoleon's state at this reception2 still the allegorical globes1 and the introduction of ,rstan the ,mameluke1 add a fictitious dignity to the picture4 ,the actual scene1 as it was viewed by an eye-witness1#fg is thus described3 #8,we reached the interior apartment1 where ,buonaparte1 ,first ,consul1 surrounded by his generals1 ministers1 senators1 and officers1 stood between the second and third ,consuls1 ,le ,brun and ,cambacrs1 in the centre of a semicircle1 at the head of the room6 ,the numerous assemblage from the ,salle des ,ambassadeurs1 formed into another semicircle1 joined themselves to that1 at the head of which stood the ,first ,consul4' ,illustration ,gillray's portrait of ,charles ,james ,fox is not very much exaggerated4 ,let us hope that of ,mrs4 ,fox is4 ,this lady1 although she was married to ,fox on ,september #bh1 #agie1 was never introduced to his friends as his wife until this journey4 ,she was always believed to be his mistress1 ,mrs4 ,armistead4#fh ,she made him a good and loving wife1 and he was very fond of her4 ,trotter describes the actual presentation thus3 #8,buonaparte1 of a small1 and by no means commanding figure1 dressed plainly1 though richly1 in the embroidered consular coat1 without powder in his hair1 looked like a private gentleman1 indifferent as to dress1 and devoid of all haughtiness in his air4444 ,the moment the circle was formed1 ,buonaparte began with the ,spanish ,ambassador1 then went to the ,american1 with whom he spoke some time1 and so on1 performing his part with ease1 and very agreeably2 until he came to the ,english ,ambassador1 who1 after the presentation of some ,english ,noblemen1 announced to him ,mr4 ,fox6 ,he was a good deal flurried1 and after indicating considerable emotion1 very rapidly said1 8,ah6 ,mr4 ,fox6 ,i have heard with pleasure of your arrival--,i have desired much to see you--,i have long admired in you the orator1 and friend of his country1 who in constantly raising his voice for peace1 consulted that country's best interests--those of ,europe--and of the human race4 ,the two great nations of ,europe require peace2--they have nothing to fear2 they ought to understand and value one another4 ,in you1 ,mr4 ,fox1 ,i see1 with much satisfaction1 that great statesman who recommended ,peace1 because there was no just object of war2 who saw ,europe desolated to no purpose1 and who struggled for its relief40 #8,mr4 ,fox said little1 or rather1 nothing1 in reply1--to a complimentary address to himself1 he always found invincible repugnance to answer2 nor did he bestow one word of admiration or applause upon the extraordinary and elevated character who addressed him4 ,a few questions and answers relative to ,mr4 ,fox's tour terminated the interview4' ,other caricaturists took the matter up1 for ,fox's visit to ,paris was naturally commented on2 and there is an engraving by ,ansell 7,november #h1 #ahjb71 #8,english ,patriots bowing at the ,shrine of ,despotism4' ,these #8,patriots' are ,fox1 ,erskine1 and ,combe1 the brewer1 who was ,lord ,mayor4 ,they are represented as bowing in the most lowly fashion--so low1 indeed1 that ,fox has burst his trousers behind2 and with one voice they assure ,napoleon that they #8are1 with the highest consideration1 your ,super ,royal ,consulship's most ,devoted1 most ,obsequious1 and most honored ,servants4' ,bonaparte1 seated in almost regal state1 criticises them3 #8,oh1 from the ,world6 ,o',connor's friends--,fox1 ha6 how old are you8 ,a ,brewer2 ,lord ,mayor1 ha6 great pomp4 ,mr4 ,brief1 ha6 a great ,lawyer can talk well4 ,there1 you may go4' ,thus we see they did not quite get hold of the right version of this interview1 as #8,taking leave' was satirised by a nameless artist 7,november #ab1 #ahjb71 and represents ,fox bowing very humbly to the ,first ,consul1 who is crowned with death's-head and cross-bones1 daggers1 pistols1 and swords1 and regards him in an extremely haughty manner4 ,,chapter ,,xxiv4 ,,lord ,,whitworth ,,as ,,plenipotentiary--,,his ,,equipage--,,english ,,visit ,,paris--,,unsettled ,,feeling--,,napoleon ,,behaves ,,rudely ,,to ,,lord ,,whitworth4 ,in ,june1 ,lord ,whitworth was appointed ambassador extraordinary1 and minister plenipotentiary1 to the ,french ,republic1 and the state he then kept up was a striking contrast to the plainness of ,republican equipages4 ,it was different under the ,empire2 but then the word ,citizen had not been dropped1 and there was a certain affectation of simplicity4 ,the ,english attracted great attention by the splendour of their equipages1 and there is a caricature 7nameless1 ,december #ad1 #ahjb7 of #8,lord ,whitworth's ,coachman at ,paris4' ,his get-up is1 certainly1 #8exceeding magnifical1' and is the wonder of the ,parisians4 ,it is almost too much for his equanimity1 for he is shown as saying1 #8,how the ,mounseers stare at me6 ,d--n me1 if ,i don't think they take me for the ,ambassador4' ,the effects of the peace were hardly realisable for a time1 and ,woodward gives us an amusing caricature of the state of the empire 7,december #bj1 #ahjb74 ,it is called #8,a ,peep at the ,lion1' which is supposed to be on show4 ,outside the ,exhibition ,pitt is inviting ,europe1 generally1 to #8,walk in ,ladies and ,gentlemen1 and see the famous ,lion4 ,though ,i have some share in the concern1 ,i have nothing to do with showing him1 ,i assure you--,i am not his keeper2 the ,lion ,i used to show was very fierce1 but this is quite quiet and peaceable4' ,inside1 the ,lion is shewn as lying down1 but with one eye open1 ,napoleon patting him on the head1 saying1 #8,poor fellow1 poor fellow1 what a beautiful ,animal1--how sound he sleeps4' ,but the ,chancellor1 ,lord ,eldon1 warns him1 #8,you had better not be too free with him ,sir1 ,in case of an accident4 ,he is now asleep with one eye1 and awake with the other4' ,illustration ,at the opening of the year #ahjc1 although the storm clouds of war were ominously gathering1 yet all seemed peace4 ,the ,english enjoyed the rare treat of visiting ,france1 and1 generally1 being of the better class1 were well received4 ,the year opens in a kindly spirit with #8,the first kiss these ten ,years6 or the meeting of ,britannia and ,citizen ,franois' 7,gillray1 ,january #a1 #ahjc71 which is a remarkably good caricature4 ,britannia1 owing to the peace1 has grown prosperous1 and stout2 her trident and shield are put away in a corner1 and the portraits of ,napoleon and ,george the ,third repose1 in loving juxtaposition1 on the wall1 intertwined with palm-branches4 ,says ,citizen ,franois 7his sword and cocked hat being laid aside71 #8,madame1 permettez me to pay my profound esteem to your engaging person6 and to seal on your divine ,lips my everlasting attachment4' ,madame ,britannia replies1 #8,monsieur1 you are so truly a well bred ,gentleman6 and tho' you make me blush1 yet you kiss so delicately1 that ,i cannot refuse you2 tho' ,i was sure you would deceive me again666' ,a most amusing picture 7,gillray1 ,january #a1 #ahjc7 is that called #8,german ,nonchalance1 or the vexation of ,little ,boney4 vide the ,diplomatique's late ,journey through ,paris4' ,it represents the ,austrian ambassador being driven furiously through ,paris1 his luggage being directed #8 ,londres4' ,illustration3 ,,from ,,indigence ,,in ,,corsica ,,to ,,affluence ,,in ,,france4 ,,from ,,aspiring ,,ambition ,,to ,,the ,,summit ,,of ,,power4 ,,from ,,calais ,,to ,,dover1 ,,where ,,little ,,john ,,bull ,,does ,,the ,,corsican ,,over4#fi ,with the utmost insouciance1 he is taking a pinch of snuff1 calmly regarding ,napoleon1 who is standing on some steps1 and is in a fearful rage4 ,with arms and legs outstretched1 and his hat fallen off1 he yells out1 #8,ha1 diable6 va t'en1 ,impertinent6 va t'en6 is dere von ,man oh ,earth who not worship little ,boney8 ,soldats6 aux ,armes6 revenge6 ah6 ,sacre ,dieu1 je suis tout tremblant4' ,the soldiers1 however1 although preparing to draw their swords1 do not appear to be particularly anxious to avenge their insulted leader4 ,this incident arose from the ,austrian minister neglecting to pay his respects to the ,first ,consul1 whilst passing through ,paris4 ,as an evidence of the uneasiness of public political feeling1 take the following4 ,in ,january #ahjc was published a caricature by ,raymond1 called #8,leap ,frog4' ,napoleon has already jumped over the bowed backs of ,holland and ,spain4 ,the poor ,dutchman exclaims1 #8,he has left the ,swiss and ,italians a ,mile behind--and as for me he has knocked my hat off and broken my pipe--pretty encouragement this to play at ,leap-frog4' ,the don ruefully says that #8,by ,st4 ,jago--my back is almost broken4' ,napoleon is now jumping over ,hanover1 who plaintively asks1 #8,why did ,i submit to this8' but the conqueror only says1 #8,keep down your head ,master ,hanoverian1 my next leap shall be over ,john ,bull4' ,but that individual1 who looks uncommonly belligerent1 with clenched fists1 exclaims1 #8,i'll be d--d if you do ,master ,corsican4' ,the ,english ,government1 seeing how ,napoleon was aggrandising himself1 and seeing also that this country1 alone1 could save the liberty of ,europe1 did not hurry to conform with the treaty of ,amiens1 and surrender all the advantages gained by the late long struggle2 and although1 with reluctance1 the ,cape1 and other ,batavian settlements1 were given up1 excuses were always to be found for not evacuating ,malta4 ,on ,january #be1 ,lord ,whitworth and ,talleyrand had an interview1 and the latter1 after bitterly complaining of the licence of the ,british press1 which he said ought to be curbed1 or suppressed1 asked plainly what were the intentions of the ,british ,government with regard to ,malta8 ,it is to this interview1 probably1 that the following caricature owed its existence4 ,how ,cobbett lashed ,addington1 for his nepotism1 in his #8,annual ,register'66 #8,the ,evacuation of ,malta' 7,gillray1 ,february #i1 #ahjc7 is vividly1 almost too graphically1 depicted4 ,ferocious little ,bonaparte has hold of poor frightened ,addington by his necktie1 and1 by flourishing his enormous sword1 compels him to evacuate ,malta1 ,egypt1 ,cape of ,good ,hope1 ,st4 ,domingo1 ,guadaloup1 and ,martinique4 ,in vain ,addington pleads1 #8,pray do not insist upon ,malta6 ,i shall certainly be turned out6 and ,i have a great many ,cousins and ,uncles and ,aunts to provide for yet4' ,but his merciless enemy will hear of no compromise1 and yells out #8,all6 ,all6 you ,jean ,f--t--e6 and think yourself well off that ,i leave you ,great ,britain666' ,a ,french officer mildly remonstrates1 and suggests1 #8,my ,general1 you had better not get him turned out1 for we shall not be able to humbug them any more4' ,ansell executed an engraving 7,february #aj1 #ahjc7 of the #8,rival ,gardeners1' which represents ,napoleon1 and ,george ,,iii41 tending their respective gardens1 which are divided by the ,channel4 ,napoleon has a number of plants labelled #8,military poppies1' which flourish well2 but he is greatly concerned about his principal flower1 which has a very drooping head and flagging leaves4 ,he cannot understand it4 #8,why1 ,i don't know what is the reason2 my ,poppies flourish charmingly2 but this ,corona ,imperialis is rather a delicate kind of a plant1 and requires great judgment in rearing4' ,his rival1 however1 points with pride to the sturdy ,british ,oak1 whose vigour is matchless1 and is in full bloom1 with a royal crown4 ,he replies1 #8,no1 ,no1 ,brother ,gardener1 though only a ditch parts our grounds1 yet this is the spot for true ,gardening2 here the ,corona ,britanica and ye ,heart of ,oak will flourish to the end of the world4' ,on ,march #h1 the king sent a message to ,parliament1 respecting military preparations in the ports of ,france and ,holland1 and acquaints the ,house of ,commons that #8he has judged it expedient to adopt additional measures of precaution for the security of his dominions2' and this gives us the key to the next caricature-- #8,physical ,aid1 or1 ,britannia recover'd from a ,trance1 also the ,patriotic ,courage of ,merry ,andrew1 and a peep thro' the ,fog1' was published by ,gillray1 ,march #ad1 #ahjc1 and is a very amusing picture4 ,bonaparte1 and his flotilla1 are crossing the ,channel1 and ,sheridan1 with fool's cap and bell1 a tattered harlequin suit1 a lathen sword1 #8,dramatic ,loyalty1' a shield with a ,medusa's head1 the snaky hair of which is labelled #8,envy1 abuse1 bouncing1 puffing1 detraction1 stolen jests1 malevolence1 and stale wit1' and a paper1 in his sash1 endorsed #8,ways and means to get a living1' calls out1 #8,let 'em come6 dam'me666 ,where are the ,french ,buggabos8 single-handed ,i'd beat forty of 'em666 dam'me ,i'd pay 'em like ,renter's shares1 sconce off their half-crowns666 mulct them out of their benefits1 and come ye ,drury ,lane ,slang over 'em4' ,illustration3 #8,a ,,theatrical ,,hero4' ,britannia1 suddenly aroused from her trance1 screams out1 #8,doctors and ministers of disgrace defend me1' and attempts to rise4 ,addington is attempting to recover her1 by holding a bottle of gunpowder to her nose1 saying #8,do not be alarm'd1 my dear ,lady6 ,the ,buggabos 7the ,honest ,gentlemen1 ,i mean7 are avowedly directed to ,colonial service1 they can have nothing to do ,here1 my lady--nothing to do with ,,us6 do take a sniff or two to raise your ,spirits1 and try to stand1 if it is only upon one leg4' ,lord ,hawkesbury is presenting1 in a feeble manner1 to ,britannia1 her spear--with broken point1 and her shield1 which is sadly cracked1 and bleats forth1 #8,yes1 my lady1 you must try to stand up1 or we shall never be able to march to ,paris4' ,fox1 who is wilfully screening his face with his hat1 exclaims1 #8,dear me--what can be the reason of the old lady being awaked in such a fright8 ,i declare ,i can't see anything of the ,buggabos6' ,on the ground lies the treaty of peace torn4 ,on ,march #ac1 ,napoleon behaved in a very rude1 and intemperate1 manner to ,lord ,whitworth respecting the non-evacuation of ,malta--which scene is thus versified3-- ,our hero now1 with great chagrin1 ,begg'd of ,lord ,whitworth to call in4 ,agreeably to his request1 ,th' ,ambassador became his guest1 ,and in the ,cab'net of the ,thuilleries1 ,napoleon play'd off all his fooleries4 #8,what is the cause1' he cried1 #8of this8 ,how comes it ,england acts amiss8 ,i swear that every provocation1 ,daily augments my indignation2 ,why are these libels to annoy me1 ,pensioned assassins to destroy me8 ,why ,malta's non-evacuation1 ,and ,alexandria1 by your nation8 ,you'd fain keep ,malta--,i believe you1 ,but part of ,france ,i'd rather give you4 ,why all these provocations8 why o' late1 ,the ,amiens treaty dare to violate8' ,nap ask'd so many questions now1 ,that not an answer he'd allow4 ,lord ,whitworth moved his lips1 but then ,our hero wagged his tongue again4 ,it seems ,lord ,whitworth wish'd to say1 ,france for infringements led the way2 ,but when that she was pleased to stop1 ,and all her base aggressions drop1 ,the treaty ,england would fulfil1 ,for that1 indeed1 was ,england's will4 ,in spite of ,nap's vociferation1 ,his ,lordship made this observation3 #8,my sovereign's actions ne'er have been ,insidious1 treacherous1 or mean1 ,because it is the king's desire ,more to preserve than to acquire4' ,,chapter ,,xxv4 ,,general ,,uneasiness--,,caricatures ,,thereon--,,addington',s ,,nepotism--,,napoleon',s ,,discourtesy ,,to ,,lord ,,whitworth--,,trial ,,of ,,jean ,,peltier4 #8,the ,political ,cocks' 7by ,ansell1 ,march #bg1 #ahjc7 is very graphic4 ,napoleon1 a game cock armed with terrific spurs1 is calling across the ,channel to ,pitt1 who1 standing on the ,british ,crown1 is crowing lustily4 ,napoleon says1 #8,eh ,master ,billy1 if ,i could but take a flight over this brook1 ,i would soon stop your ,crowing4 ,i would knock you off that ,perch1 ,i swear by ,mahomet1 the ,pope1 and all the ,idols ,i have ever worshipped4' ,pitt1 however1 replies1 #8,tuck-a-roo--too--that you never can do666' ,illustration3 ,,the ,,political ,,cocks4 ,this was a fine time for the caricaturists1 and their works came thick and fast4 ,telling their own tale1 they need no explanation4 #8,an ,attempt to swallow the ,world' 7artist unknown1 ,april #f1 #ahjc7 shows ,napoleon attempting this difficult feat--,john ,bull looking on1 and remarking1 #8,i'll tell you what1 ,mr4 ,boneypartee1 when you come to a little spot ,i have in my eye1 it will stick in your throat and choak you4' ,west 7,april #f1 #ahjc7 engraved #8,john ,bull teased by an ,earwig4' ,napoleon1 drawn very small1 is on ,john ,bull's shoulder1 pricking his cheek with his little sword4 ,this annoys the old man1 and1 looking up angrily from his meal of bread 7,ceylon71 and cheese 7,malta71 he says1 #8,i tell you what1 young one--if you won't let me eat my bread and cheese in peace and comfort1 ,i'll blow you away1 you may depend upon it4' ,to which the ,earwig replies1 #8,i will have the ,cheese1 you ,brute1 you2 ,i have a great mind to annihilate you1 you great overgrown ,monster4' #8,easier to say than to do' 7,i4 ,cruikshank1 ,april #ad1 #ahjc7 shows ,bonaparte seated before a ,new ,map of the ,world1 attempting to erase the ,british ,isles4 ,a ,dutchman1 with a lighted candle1 suggests1 #8,got for d--n de ting--here take te candle1 and burn tem out4' ,on the other side1 a ,spaniard says1 #8,here1 my friend1 take the paste-brush1 and stick a piece of your three-coloured flag over them4' ,whilst a ,jew1 who has a label coming out of his pocket1 #8,subscription to new loan1' says1 #8,i tink if ,i lend a little more monish at ,turty per shent1 it will soon annihilate dem4' ,bonaparte reflects3 #8,i cannot scrape these little islands out of the map4 ,as for your plan1 ,mynheer1 we did try to burn them once1 but they would not take fire2 and let me tell you1 ,don ,diego1 they are not so easily overrun with any flag as you may think6 ,i believe ,moses's plan the best2 that1 and a threat now and then may probably do the business4' #8,an ,attempt to undermine ,john ,bull1 or working through the ,globe' 7,roberts1 ,april #af1 #ahjc71 shows ,napoleon standing on ruins1 surrounded by #8,territories pickaxed with impunity'--,switzerland1 ,italian ,republic1 ,batavian ,republic2 and he is now commencing operations with his pickaxe on ,john ,bull1 saying1 #8,o1 the ,pick axe is infinitely the best way--,i shall soon be at the little fellow1 that's his abode1 ,i know it by the white cliffs4' ,john ,bull is lying down1 sword in hand1 with his ear on the ground1 and says1 #8,i hear you burrowing away1 my fine fellow2 but it won't do4--,as soon as you pop your head above the surface1 you shall be saluted with a few of ,john ,bull's pop-guns4' ,another caricature 7artist unknown1 ,april #af1 #ahjc71 called #8,a stoppage to a ,stride over the ,globe1' shows a colossal ,napoleon bestriding the ,world1 whilst a small ,john ,bull1 on ,england1 is hacking at his foot1 with a sword4 ,napoleon1 in disgust1 is calling out1 #8,ah6 who is it dares to interrupt me in my progress8' #8,why1 'tis ,i1 little ,johnny ,bull1 protecting a little spot ,i clap my hand on1 and d--n me if you come any farther--that's all4' ,ansell1 too1 the same date 7,april #af1 #ahjc71 drew #8,the ,governor of ,europe1 ,stoped in his career1 or ,little ,b----n too much for great ,b----te4' ,here a huge ,bonaparte has attempted to put his foot on ,britain1 and ,john ,bull has cut it off4 ,napoleon1 dancing with pain and loss of blood1 drops his sword1 yells out1 #8,ah1 you tam ,john ,bull66 ,you have spoil my ,dance66 ,you have ruined all my ,projets4' ,little ,john ,bull1 pointing to his native land1 says1 #8,i ax pardon1 ,master ,boney1 but as we says1 ,paws off1 ,pompey1 we keep this little spot to ourselves1 you must not dance here ,master ,boney4' ,rowlandson 7,may #a1 #ahjc71 brought out #8,john ,bull listening to the quarrels of ,state affairs4' ,napoleon is talking to the ,chancellor1 and says1 #8,and so--if you do so1 ,i do so4' ,the ,chancellor1 in an evident fright1 exclaims tremulously1 #8,oh6 ,oh66' whilst old ,john ,bull looks on1 listening1 all eyes and expectation1 with his hair on end1 #8,i declare my very wig stands on end with curiosity4 ,what can they be quareling about8 ,o that ,i could but be let into the secret6 ,if ,i ax our gentleman concerning it1 it is ten to one if he tells me the right story4' ,illustration ,on ,may #b1 #ahjc1 ,gillray produced a very effective caricature called #8,doctor ,sangrado curing ,john ,bull of ,repletion1 with the kind offices of young ,clyster pipe#gj and little ,boney4 ,a hint from ,gil ,blas4' ,john ,bull is seated1 very weak indeed1 held up by ,lord ,hawkesbury4 ,fox and ,sheridan are behind1 bringing warm water1 and everybody in the drawing is exhorting the patient to #8,courage4' ,addington is performing the operation1 and the blood streams forth copiously4 ,napoleon catches in his cocked hat1 ,ceylon1 ,malta1 ,cape of ,good ,hope1 and ,west ,indies2 whilst young ,clyster pipe holds out his hat1 labelled #8,clerk of the ,pells1' and catches a stream #8#c1jjjl4 per annum4' ,this scandalous job1 his father having given him this lucrative sinecure when he was very young1 excited much adverse comment at the time4 #8,britannia repremanding a ,naughty ,boy6' 7artist unknown1 ,may #c1 #ahjc74 ,britannia1 with a helmet on her head1 her shield by her side1 a spear in one hand1 and a birch rod in the other1 stands on the shore at ,dover4 ,on the top of the cliffs is a crown on a cushion4 ,napoleon1 attired1 as usual1 in an enormous cocked hat1 stands on the shore at ,calais1 whimpering1 #8,i'm tired of this great hat1 ,i will have that crown4' ,but says ,britannia3 #8,stay where you are1 you little troublesome ,urchin4 ,if once you cross the ,dyke you'll get a good birchin6' #8,lunar ,speculations' is the whimsical title of a picture by ,ansell1 ,may #c1 #ahjc4 ,bonaparte is looking through a large telescope1 mounted on a tripod1 at the moon2 and he is saying3 #8,i wonder the ,idea never struck me before6 ,the place would easily be taken1 and has undoubtedly great capabilities--,besides they would make me ,emperor3--and then1 the sound of the ,title ,,emperor ,,of ,,the ,,full ,,moon--oh6 delightful6 ,i'll send for ,garner#ga and his balloons and set about the scheme immediately4' ,john ,bull1 looking at him quizzically1 and holding his very fat sides1 says3 #8,what6 going to revolutionize the ,moon1 ,bonny8 ,that's a good one1 however--,to be sure1 you talk'd of paying a visit to my little island1 and one should certainly be as easily accomplished as the other4' ,the situation was getting more strained daily1 and ,napoleon did not mend matters by his studied discourtesy to ,lord ,whitworth4 99 99 99 99 99 #8,indeed1' said ,whitworth1 #8you mistake1 ,we wish a lasting peace to make4' #8,pay more respect to treaties1 then1' ,cried ,nap1 and raised his voice again2 #8,what use are treaties8--all my eye-- ,if violated--fie--oh fie-- ,what use are treaties8 woe to those ,who don't respect them--they're my foes2 ,yes1 they're my foes--,i tell you flat1 ,and ,i don't value them--not that4' ,this said1 his argument to back1 ,he with his fingers gave a crack1 99 99 99 99 99 ,the ,company were all ashamed1 ,and his indelicacy blamed2 ,his manners were so ungenteel1 ,that each now turn'd upon his heel4 ,england's ,ambassador was bent ,the ,consul's conduct to resent4 ,he sent a note of all that pass'd ,from the beginning to the last1 ,then sought for passports1 as advis'd2 ,at this the ,consul was surpris'd2 ,but ,england now was irritated1 ,for in the ,moniteur 'twas stated1 ,that she could never1 single handed1 ,contend with ,france--so he demanded ,his passports--likewise he averr'd1 ,that war1 he to suspense1 preferr'd4 ,his lordship's wish they strove t' evade1 ,the passports daily were delay'd4 ,lord ,whitworth1 soon as they were granted1 ,set off for ,london1 as he wanted4 ,by way of parenthesis1 ,i may say that ,napoleon made loud complaint about the libels published about him in ,england2 and1 to show the impartiality of the ,government1 and their desire to do justice1 even at a time when war between the two countries was almost morally certain1 a ,frenchman1 named ,jean ,peltier1 was prosecuted for libelling him1 the indictment being #8,that peace existed between ,n4 ,bonaparte and our ,lord the ,king2 but that ,m4 ,peltier1 intending to destroy the friendship so existing1 and to despoil said ,napoleon of his consular dignity1 did devise1 print1 and publish1 in the ,french ,language1 to the tenor following1 c4' ,it is never worth while to go into the words of the libel 7which appeared in a periodical called ,l',ambigu71 which is purely political1 and which would never be noticed nowadays4 ,i only introduce the episode to shew that the ,english ,government even went out of their way to conciliate ,bonaparte1 and that the libel1 as usual1 sprang from ,french sources4 ,he was unanimously found guilty1 and judgment was to have been delivered next term1 but1 war being renewed1 he was never called upon to appear4 ,,chapter ,,xxvi4 ,,the ,,ultimatum--,,lord ,,whitworth ,,leaves ,,paris--,,declaration ,,of ,,war--,,caricatures ,,previous ,,thereto--,,surrender ,,of ,,hanover4 ,now came the ultimatums on both sides4 ,the presentation of an ultimatum is hardly a personal caricature of ,napoleon1 but it belongs to the history of the times4 ,one picture was published ,may #c1 #ahjc1 by an unknown artist1 and was called #8,waste ,paper4' ,a ,french officer holds four ultimatums in his hand1 and presents ,john ,bull with ,no4 #a4 ,a servant1 behind1 carries a huge sack of ultimatums4 ,the ,frenchman thus speaks3 #8,monsieur ,jean ,bull1 ,i am come from ,de ,grand ,nation to present you vone ,ultimatum4 ,if you not like dat--,i present you vone oder--,i have got seventy tree ,tousand ,ultimatum1 and you must agree to vone or de oder--or1 begar1 ,i sal kick you out of de ,europe4 ,my lacquey has got ,dem in de ,sac1 and will leave dem for your consideration4 ,health and ,fraternity1 ,citizen ,bull6' ,john ,bull uplifts his cudgel1 and his bulldog growls4 ,says the old man1 #8,hark ye1 ,mr4 ,frog6 ,i was just feeling in my pocket1 for a little bit of waste paper1 and you have just supplied me in time3 so now get you gone1 or ,i'll shew you the use of my ,horns1 by tossing you out of old ,,england4' ,but this giving of ultimatums was not all on one side4 ,i4 ,cruikshank 7,may #ad1 #ahjc7 drew #8,ultimatum1 or the ,ambassador taking proper steps4' ,our ambassador#gb is just stepping into his carriage1 and1 whilst doing so1 presents ,napoleon with an ultimatum1 saying1 with national courtesy1 #8,be quick1 or d-- me ,i'm off4' ,napoleon is depicted as being deeply affected by this conduct4 ,he weeps copiously1 and wrings his hands1 whimpering1 #8,pray stop1 and ,i will agree to anything4' ,there is a caricature by an artist unknown 7,may #ah1 #ahjc71 called #8,the ,bone of ,contention1' which is labelled ,,malta4 ,bonaparte1 looking very fierce1 menaces ,john ,bull with his sword1 exclaiming #8,by the ,bridge of ,lodi6 by the plains of ,marengo66 by everything that is great and terrible--,i command you to surrender that bone6666' ,john ,bull1 however1 has set his foot upon that bone1 and is prepared to defend it with his oaken cudgel4 ,he laconically replies #8,you be d--d4' ,this subject was also treated by ,ansell 7,june #ad1 #ahjc7 in #8,the ,bone of ,contention1 or the ,english ,bulldog and the ,corsican ,monkey4' ,the monkey1 in a fearful and wonderful cocked hat1 calls out1 #8,eh6 you ,bull ,dog1 vat you carry off dat ,bone for8 ,i vas come to take dat myself4 ,i vas good mind to lick you1 but for dem ,dam ,tooths4' ,whilst ,john ,bull1 typified as a bulldog1 has the bone1 ,malta1 firmly between his teeth1 and growls defiance4 ,lord ,whitworth left ,paris on ,may #ab1 and arrived at ,dover on the #agth1#gc where he met ,general ,andreossi1 the ,french minister1 on the point of returning to ,france4 ,on the #ahth1 ,george ,,iii4 sent his ,declaration of ,war to both ,houses of ,parliament1 and ,nelson hoisted his flag on board the ,victory1 at ,portsmouth1 the same day4 ,thus ended a peace which had existed only one year and sixteen days4 ,of course1 the caricatures were1 necessarily1 prepared a day or two before their publication1 so the dates do not depend upon the events which took place4 ,such an one is #8,armed ,heroes1' ,gillray1 ,may #ah1 #ahjc1 which is amusing4 ,it is ,addington who is bestriding the ,roast ,beef of ,old ,england4 ,lord ,hawkesbury sits behind him2 whilst the two other figures respectively represent ,hely ,addington and ,bragge ,bathurst1 who were members of the ,addington family1 and had been provided with good places by their powerful relative4 ,napoleon looks with hungry eyes on the beef1 and exclaims3-- ,ah1 ha6 sacr dieu6 vat do ,i see yonder8 ,dat look so invitingly ,red and de ,vite8 ,oh by ,gar6 ,i see 'tis de ,roast ,beef of ,londres ,vich ,i vill chop up1 at von letel bite6 ,illustration3 ,,armed ,,heroes4 ,addington is in a curious state of mind1 between bluster and fear1 calling out1 #8,who's afraid8 damme8--,o ,lord1 ,o ,lord1--what a ,fiery ,fellow he is6--,who's afraid8 damme8--,o dear6 what will become of ye ,roast ,beef8 ,damme6 who's afraid8--,o dear6--,o dear6' ,the medicine bottles peeping out of his pockets are a delicate allusion to ,addington's parentage1 his father having been a physician4 ,the caricatures which follow are simply dated ,may2 but1 from their internal evidence1 they precede the declaration of war4 ,bonaparte is represented as being excessively frightened at the prospect of a rupture with ,england1 and1 in ,may #ahjc1 an etching 7artist unknown7 was produced1 shewing #8,a ,little ,man ,alarmed at his own ,shadow4' ,he is cowering1 and trembling1 and looking back at his lengthened shadow on a wall1 saying #8,mercy on us--what tall figure is that4 ,it surely can't be ,johnny ,bull8 ,no1 no1 that cannot be1 it is not lusty enough for him4' ,a very graphic caricature is #8,maniac ,ravings1 or ,little ,boney in a strong ,fit4 ,vide ,lord ,w----'s#gd account of a visit to the ,thuilleries4' ,here he is depicted in a fearful state of frenzy2 he has kicked over the consular chair1 a globe 7with all ,europe expunged1 except the ,british ,isles71 dashed his hat to the ground1 upset a table1 with all his writings on it1 broken his sword and scabbard2 and1 whilst tearing his hair1 stamps frantically on such papers as #8,wyndham's ,speeches1' #8,cobbett's ,weekly ,journal1' ,anti-,jacobin ,review1' #8,wilson's ,egypt1' c4 ,his #8,maniac ,ravings' are veritably so4 #8,oh ,egypt1 ,egypt1 ,egypt6 ,oh1 ,st4 ,domingo1 ,oh6 ,oh1 the liberty of the ,english ,press6 ,english ,bloodhounds6 ,wyndham6 ,grenville6 ,pitt6 ,oh ,i'm murdered6 ,i'm assassinated66 ,london ,newspapers6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,revenge6 ,revenge6 come ,fire6 ,sword6 ,famine6 ,invasion6 ,invasion6 ,four ,hundred and ,eighty ,frenchmen6 ,british ,slavery and everlasting ,chains6 everlasting ,chains6 ,o ,diable6 the ,riches6 ,freedom6 and ,happiness of the ,british ,nation6 ,ah6 ,diable1 ,diable1 ,diable6 ,malta6 ,malta6 ,malta6 ,oh1 cursed ,liberty of the ,british ,press6 ,insolence of ,british ,parliament6 ,treaty of ,amiens6 ,damnation6 ,british trade and commerce6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,oh6 ,english calumniating ,newspapers6 ,oh1 ,sebastiani6 ,sebastiani6 ,oh1 ,georges6 ,arras6 de ,rolle6 ,dutheil6 ,o ,assassins6 ,treason6 ,treason6 ,treason6 ,hated and ,betray'd by the ,french6 ,despised by the ,english6 and laughed at by the whole world666 ,oh1 ,english ,newspapers666 ,english ,newspapers6666 ,english ,newspapers66666' ,woodward drew a picture 7,may #ahjc7 of #8,a great ,man ,intoxicated with ,success1' and depicted ,boney with a very #8how came you so8' expression of countenance1 reeling along1 and saying1 #8,ah ,johnny ,bull1 how are you my ,boy--,i am going to re-establish slavery--,i am grown very ,pious4 ,i--,i--,i'll double my guards4 ,i--,i--,i don't know what ,i'll do4' ,john ,bull is utterly astonished at such conduct4 #8,why1 bless your heart1 my fine fellow1 you be ,muzzy--,i dare say you find it difficult to stand4 ,now1 let me advise you--take a little ,nap--if it's only for a quarter of an hour1 you can't think how much it will refresh you4' ,another caricature1 apparently by ,woodward1 was published in ,may #ahjc1 #8,bonaparte and the ,quaker4' ,bonaparte's attitude is decidedly aggressive and bullying3 #8,so they are all ,great ,men in your ,country1 eh6--but ,i suppose they are like you--not very fond of fighting--is not that the case ,master ,quaker8' ,brother ,broadbrim replies1 #8,little ,man1 it is not the case4 ,i myself encourage not fighting4 ,but if thou1 or any of thy ,comrades1 darest to cross the great waters1 my ,countrymen shall make ,quakers of you all4' ,the national feeling was well expressed in a caricature 7,may #ahjc7--;,bonaparte is represented as a mighty mushroom1 looking1 with no very benign expression of countenance1 on ,john ,bull1 who1 embracing the ,british ,oak1 exclaims1 #8,you may look as cross as you please1 master ,mushroom3 but here stands the ,british ,oak1 and by ,st4 ,george and the ,dragon1 not a leaf of it shall fall to the ,ground4' ,on ,may #bh1 ,george ,,iii41 as ,elector of ,hanover1 issued a proclamation1 in which he said that1 abiding by the treaty of ,luneville1 he would1 as ,elector of ,hanover1 take no part in the war4 ,but1 notwithstanding this1 the ,electorate of ,hanover surrendered1 by capitulation1 to ,general ,mortier on ,june #c4 ,this prologue is necessary for us to understand the following halfpenny broadside3-- ,a ,,peep ,,into ,,hanover1 ,,or ,a faint ,description of the ,atrocities committed by the ,french in that ,city4 ,it will be remembered1 that the ,electorate surrendered without ,resistance4 ,this we do not mention1 as increasing our ,compassion for the ,inhabitants1 which it certainly does not2 but as increasing our abhorrence of the ,invaders1 who1 without ,provocation1 or ,pretext of ,resistance1 have perpetrated the ,atrocities1 of which the following is a faint outline3 ,ever since the ,conquest1 the whole ,electorate has been a scene of ,pillage and ,butchery1 which is said to yield only to the fate of ,switzerland1 in ,spring #agih4 ,the ,french ,soldiers have the most unbounded ,indulgence of their ruling passions of ,rapacity1 ,cruelty and ,lust2--,in the ,city of ,hanover1 and even in the ,public ,street1 ,women of the ,highest ,rank have been violated by the lowest of that brutal ,soldiery1 in presence of their ,husbands and ,fathers1 and subjected1 at the same time1 to such additional and undescribable ,outrages1 as the brutal ,fury of the ,violators1 enflamed by ,drunkenness1 could contrive4 ,we have seen the names of some of these unfortunate ,ladies3 but the ,honour of their ,families1 and the ,peace of their own future ,lives 7if they can have peace7 forbid us to publish them4 ,the ,baron de ,k----1 a well known partisan of ,french ,philosophy and ,politics1 went to the ,commandant of ,hanover1 and claimed his ,protection1 as an admirer of the ,french ,revolution6 but he found no more favour in the ,sight of the ,aga of ,sultan ,,bonaparte',s ,janisaries1 than the most loyal ,noblemen in ,hanover4 ,the ,french ,officer told him1 #8,all that ,jacobinism is now out of ,fashion--,go about your business6' ,nor have we heard that the ,philosophers of ,gottingen1 the ,enthusiasts of ,equality and ,perfectability1 have been at all better treated4-- ,such are the tender ,mercies of the ,wicked6 ,such are the ,gangs of ferocious ,banditti1 whom the ,,murderer ,,of ,,jaffa let loose on the civilized ,world6 ,such1 and ten thousand times worse1 is the ,fate prepared for ,england1 if the valour of her people do not avert it2 for ,england will assuredly be more oppressed1 in proportion as she is more dreaded1 envied1 and hated4 ,to shew any symptom of ,neutrality in such a ,cause1 not to support it with all our might1 ,,is ,,the ,,foulest ,,treason ,,against ,,the ,,people ,,of ,,england2 and the poorest honest ,labourer1 who has a ,mother1 or a ,sister1 a ,wife1 or a ,daughter1 has1 in truth1 as much reason as the highest ,duke in the ,land to detest the ,traitor4 ,englishmen think of this and profit by ,example4 ,these were the kind of handbills 7of which there are hundreds in variety7 which were circulated1 to arouse and stimulate martial fire and patriotic ardour in the ,britannic mind4 ,their name is ,legion1 and ,i have had to read them all1 in order to pick out the examples given in this book4 ,they are curious1 and help us1 more than any other history1 to gauge the temper of the times4 ,it was a veritable scare4 ,hardly having felt any of the benefits of peace1 the ,english were once more involved in war1 with the almost certainty1 this time1 of having their1 hitherto almost inviolate1 islands invaded by the ,french4 ,we can hardly wonder1 therefore1 at the hearty hatred our forefathers felt for the #8,corsican ,ogre1' to whom all this turmoil was due2 and1 to do them justice1 they did hate him with a thoroughly genuine detestation--so much so1 that they did not always scrupulously investigate the truth of some of the very questionable statements dished up for them 7and they were highly spiced74 ,there can be no manner of doubt but that these broadsides and handbills1 together with the caricatures1 had the desired effect in rousing the nation to a fervid patriotism1 and1 as they did so1 it is perhaps hardly right to question the legality of their statements1 but accept them according to the doctrine that #8the end justifies the means4' ,,chapter ,,xxvii4 ,,patriotic ,,handbills4 ,on ,june #aj1 #ahjc1 ,gillray published an extra-sized picture of #8,french ,invasion--or ,buonaparte ,landing in ,great ,britain4' ,the ,french fleet is nearing land1 and boats1 full of armed men1 are putting off4 ,bonaparte1 and a large body of troops1 including cavalry1 have landed2 but1 before they can scale the cliffs1 and are yet on the shore1 a few artillerymen1 with two guns1 have utterly routed them4 ,it is ,sauve qui peut4 ,napoleon1 joining in the flight1 throws away his sword2 the army is utterly demoralised1 the ground being strewn with dead4 ,i4 ,cruikshank drew a not very interesting caricature1 7,june #aj1 #ahjc7 of #8,the ,scarecrow's arrival1 or ,honest ,,pat giving them an ,irish ,welcome4' ,napoleon1 as a skeleton1 is leading an army of skeletons1 who are wading through the sea4 ,he is just putting his foot on the shore1 and1 to encourage his troops1 calls out1 #8,now1 my boys1 halloo away--vil frighten ,mr4 ,bull out of his wits1 we vil make them quake like the ,dutch1 the ,italian1 the ,swiss1 and the rest of our ,friends4' ,but a sturdy ,irishman receives them with a shovelfull of mud in their faces4 #8,och it is your own pratty figure it is1 ,master ,bonny1 d'ye think that ,pat was to be blarney'd by such ,scare ,crows4 ,no1 no1 ,bother1 the time is gone by3 ,pat's ,eyes are wide open1 and1 look ye1 if you don't immediately jump into the ,sea to save your lives1 ,i will shovel you all there to save mine4' ,here is a stirring appeal to the army3-- ,,brave ,,soldiers4 ,defenders of your ,,country4 ,the road to glory is open before you4--,pursue the great career of your forefathers1 and rival them in the field of honour4 ,a proud and usurping ,,tyrant 7a name ever execrated by ,englishmen7 dares to threaten our shores with ,,invasion1 and to reduce the free born ,sons of ,britain to ,,slavery and ,,servitude4 ,forgetting what ,english ,soldiers are capable of1 and ranking them with the hirelings of the powers who have fallen his prey on the ,continent1 he supposes his threat easily executed4 ,give him a lesson1 my brave ,countrymen1 that he will not easily forget1 and that ,france may have by heart1 for a ,century to come6 ,neither the vaunting ,hero 7who deserted his own ,comrades and ,soldiers in ,egypt71 nor the ,french ,army1 have ever been able to cope with ,british valour when fairly opposed to it4 ,our ,ancestors declared that ,,one ,,englishman was ever a match for ,,three ,,frenchmen--and that man to man was too great odds in our favour4 ,we have but to feel their sentiments1 to confirm them--you will find that their declaration was founded on experience2 and that even in our day1 within these three years1 an army of your brave ,comrades has convinced its admiring ,country1 that the balance is still as great as ever1 against the enemy4 ,our ,,edward1 the illustrious ,black ,prince1 laid waste the country of ,france1 to the ,gates of ,paris1 and1 on the ,plains of ,cressy1 left #aa ,princes and #cj1jjj men dead upon the ,field of ,battle--a greater number than the whole ,english ,army boasted at the beginning of the action4 ,the same heroic ,prince1 having annihilated the ,fleet of ,france1 entirely routed her ,army at ,poictiers1 took her ,king prisoner1 and brought him ,captive to ,london1 with thousands of his ,nobles and ,people1 and all this against an ,army ,,six ,,times ,,as ,,numerous ,,as ,,that ,,of ,,the ,,english6 ,did not our ,harry the ,fifth invade ,france1 and at ,agincourt oppose an ,army of #i1jjj men1 sickly1 fatigued1 and half starved1 to that of the ,french1 amounting to #ej1jjj2 and did he not leave #aj1jjj of the enemy dead upon the field1 and take #ad1jjj prisoners1 with the loss of only #djj men8 ,have we not1 within this century1 to boast a ,,marlborough1 who1 7besides his other victories7 at ,blenheim slew #ab1jjj of the ,french1 and made #ad1jjj ,prisoners1 and in less than a month conquered #cjj miles of ,territory from the ,enemy8 ,did not the gallant ,,wolfe1 in the year #agei1 gain the ,heights of ,abraham with a handful of ,british ,troops1 and1 afterwards1 defeat the whole ,french ,army1 and gain possession of all ,canada1 c48 ,and are not the glories of our ,,abercromby and the ,gallant ,,army of ,,egypt fresh in your minds8 ,an ,army of #ad1jjj ,britons1 who landed in the face of upwards of #bj1jjj troops of ,france1 and drove from a country1 with whose strongholds they were acquainted1 and whose resources they knew how to apply1 a host of ,frenchmen1 enured to the ,climate1 and ,veterans in arms8 ,did they not cut in pieces that vaunted ,corps of ,buonaparte's1 whose successes against other ,powers had obtained for it the appellation of ,,invincible--,and is not their ,standard 7all that is left of it7 a trophy1 at this moment1 in our ,capital8 ,the ,briton fights for his ,liberty and ,rights1 the ,frenchman fights for ,buonaparte1 who has robbed him of both6 ,which1 then1 in the nature of events1 will be most zealous1 most active1 and most terrible in the ,field of ,battle8 the independent supporter of his country's cause1 or the ,slave who trembles lest the arms of his comrades should be turned against himself2 who knows that his ,leader1 his ,general1 his ,tyrant1 did not hesitate1 after having ,,murdered #d1jjj disarmed ,turks1 in cool blood1 to ,,poison #cjj of his own sick ,soldiers1 of men who had been fighting his battles of ambition1 and been wounded in his defence--,english ,soldiers will scarcely credit this1 but it is on record1 not to be doubted1 never to be expunged4 ,but more2 read and blush for the depravity even of an enemy4 ,it is not that these bloody deeds have been perpetrated from necessity1 from circumstances however imperious at the moment2 they were the acts of cool and deliberate determination1 and his purpose1 no less sanguinary1 is again declared in the event of success in his enterprise against this ,country4 ,feeling that even the slavish followers of his fortune were not to be forced to embark in this ruinous and destructive expedition1 he declares to them1 in a public proclamation1 or decoy1 that when they have landed in this ,country1 in order to make the booty the richer1 ,,no ,,quarter shall be given to the ,,base ,,english who fight for their perfidious ,government--that they shall be ,,put ,,to ,,the ,,sword1 and their ,property distributed among the ,soldiers of the ,victorious ,army666 ,say1 is this the conduct of a ,hero8 is this the man who is destined to break the spirit of ,englishmen8 shall we suffer an ,,assassin to enter our blessed ,country1 and despoil our fields of their produce--to massacre our brave ,soldiers in cool blood1 and hang up every man who has carried arms8 ,your cry is vengeance for the insult--and ,vengeance is in your own hands4 ,it must be signal and terrible6 ,like the bolt from ,heaven1 let it strike the devoted ,army of ,invaders6 ,every ,frenchman will find his ,grave where he first steps on ,british ground1 and not a ,soldier of ,buonaparte's boasted ,legions shall escape the fate his ambitious ,tyrant has prepared for him6 ,,britons ,,strike ,,home6 ,or your ,fame is for ever blasted1--,your ,liberties for ever lost666 ,this is very bombastic and #8high-falutin1' but ,englishmen were in a very grievous fright1 nevertheless4 ,still harping on the prospect of a ,french landing1 we have a caricature by ,t4 ,west 7,june #ac1 #ahjc7 of #8,britannia correcting an ,unruly ,boy4' ,britannia has got ,boney across her knee1 and1 having taken down his breeches1 is administering such a sound castigation with a birch rod1 called the ,united ,kingdom1 as to bring forth copious streams of blood4 ,needless to say1 our hero is repentant1 and prays #8,oh forgive me this time and ,i never will do so again4 ,oh dear6 ,oh dear6 you'll entirely destroy the ,honors of the ,sitting4' ,but the stern matron still keeps on1 with #8,there take that1 and that1 and that1 and be more careful not to provoke my anger more4' ,we have an illustration of the homely proverb of #8,set a beggar on horseback c41' in #8,the ,corsican ,beggar ,riding to the ,devil1' by ,ansell 7,june #ae1 #ahjc74 ,here we have ,hell treated in the medival manner1 a huge1 grotesque1 dragon-like head1 with outstretched jaws1 vomiting flames4 ,napoleon1 on a white charger1 hugging himself with the idea that #8,sure they will make me ,emperor1' is riding straight to it2 whilst two devils are in a high state of jubilation4' ,one opines that #8,he is sure to come2 we will finish your ambition1' the other politely calls out1 #8,shew him in4' ,ireland asks ,john ,bull1 #8,hey ,johnny1 who's that8' and gets as a reply1 ',tis ,boney going ,post1 brother ,pat4' ,the ,gallic ,cock1 crowing on its dunghill1 screams1 #8,this is nothing new4' ,here is a passionate appeal1 supposed to come from one of the softer sex3-- ,,men ,,of ,,england4 ,it is said that some of you are so discontented1 that you would join the ,enemies against your ,country--,is it possible that you are so misled as to believe that the ,enemies to ,england would1 whatever they pretend1 be friends to you4 ,be assured1 if you are so persuaded1 that you are grossly imposed upon4 ,what should make them your friends--,what ties should bind them8 ,think a little--and a very little proper reflection will be sufficient to make you see1 that the ,invaders of your ,country1 in their hearts1 hate the inhabitants of it2 and will1 in the end1 themselves betray the ,traitors to it4 ,the ,invaders would nearly desolate your ,country--and if ,provisions are dear now1 what would they be when numberless stacks of hay and corn were burnt--the cattle destroyed1 and a horrid legion of desperate1 faithless1 lawless ,invaders1 to be maintained8 who would trample upon every tie1 break all promises1 make tools of you first1 but soon sacrifice your wives1 your daughters1 your families1 and yourselves1 when you have served their purpose4 ,if any few among you were guilty of plunder1 you would1 yourselves1 soon be plundered and destroyed4 ,it has been the necessity of defending our country against its enemies that has made provisions dear2 but your wages have been increased in proportion--and though you may sometimes1 in the course of events1 suffer some hardships1 as everybody1 in their turn1 must do1 you may1 unless it be your own faults1 enjoy the greatest comforts--a peaceable home--a happy family--a quiet country1 whose trade and consequence is envied by all the world--plentiful harvests--a government which respects you1 and that your forefathers would have defended with the last drop of their blood--you have an excellent and lawful ,king1 who will protect you2 and above all1 you may have a blessing from ,god1 who will reward you hereafter if you do your duty here4 ,but from an ,usurper1 and ,invader1 you can have nothing to expect1 but the being slaves to his lawless schemes for power4 ,let who will tell you the contrary1 he comes only for plunder1 and revenge1 upon the only nation he fears4 ,will you be his instruments1 his tools8 ,can you1 as ,englishmen1 lower yourselves in such a manner--to such a mean ,usurper8 ,heaven1 from the beginning1 intended you should have ,kings and superiors--,equality was never intended--it never can be1 on this earth--,heaven and reason forbid it--and ,bonaparte1 himself1 has shewn you how little he intended to establish it4 ,your forefathers call to you from their graves--their warning voice tells you1 that you would soon find the perfidy of his heart4 ,the wretched condition you would bring yourselves and your families into1 you would repent too late--deprived of every friend1 but sure of ample punishment here1 and hereafter4 ,people of ,england6 ,sons of my beloved glorious ,country6 ,you are now called upon by the women of your ,country to protect them--,can you refuse to hear us8 ,can you bear the thought of not only seeing us used with insult and barbarity1--of seeing your country bleed at every pore1 but of being the occasion of these dreadful evils1 in consequence of your mistaken opinions1 and by suffering yourselves to be deceived1 and cajoled1 by foreign1 ill designing wretches1 who have only our1 and your1 ruin at heart4 ,attend1 ,men of ,england1--you who may give conquest to your ,country1 safety to us1 and everlasting glory to yourselves--,attend1 ,men of ,england1 to the solemn truths told you by an honest ,,englishwoman4 ,it is a weak spot in these lucubrations that very few of them are dated1 so that it is impossible to arrange them1 like the illustrations1 in chronological sequence4 ,but this is of little matter2 the situation was the same1 whatever might be the month4 ,illustration ,j4 ,smith 7,june #be1 #ahjc7 etched ,king ,george #8,playing at ,bubbles4' ,the monarch is seated before a large tub of soap-suds1 amusing himself by blowing bubbles1 which are ,napoleon1 flat-bottomed boats1 invasion1 and little ships--and1 judging by the king's placid countenance1 caring very little for his creations4 ,a very excellent example of caricature is ,gillray's #8,king of ,brobdingnag and ,gulliver' 7,june #bf1 #ahjc74 ,the burly king has the diminutive ,bonaparte in the palm of his hand and is critically examining him through his glass4 ,says he1 #8,my little friend ,grildrig you have made a most admirable panegyric upon yourself and country1 but from what ,i can gather from your own relation1 and the answers ,i have with much pains wring'd and extorted from you1 ,i cannot but conclude you to be one of the most pernicious little odious reptiles that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the ,earth4' ,and1 indeed1 he well deserved this character1 if he were anything like the demon the ,english sought to make him out4 ,in one of the handbills1 however1 is a quotation from #8,denon's ,travels in ,egypt1' which is wrested to serve its purpose in fomenting the ,invasion furor4 ,to the infamous ,,wretch1 if there be such an one in ,england1 who dares to talk of1 or even hopes to find ,mercy in the ,breast of the ,corsican ,bonaparte1 the eternal sworn ,foe of ,england1 the ,conqueror and ,grand ,subjugator of ,france4 ,if there be any ,englishmen so base1 or so foolish1 as to wish to trust to the ,mercy of a ,french ,invading ,army1 let him read that which follows3--,the accuracy and veracity of the account cannot be doubted1 it being an ,extract from a ,book1 not only written under the inspection of the ,french ,government1 but1 moreover1 dedicated to the ,grand ,consul4 ,i shall make no comment on this most scandalous public avowal1 or rather1 boast1 of so inhuman and atrocious a proceeding1 as the simple ,fact sufficiently speaks for itself4 #8,we1 who boasted that we were more just than the ,mamelukes1 committed daily1 and almost necessarily1 a number of iniquities3 the difficulty of distinguishing our ,enemies by their ,form and ,colour1 made us1 every day1 kill innocent ,peasants2 the ,soldiers took ,caravans of poor ,merchants for enemies1 and1 before justice could be done them1 7when there was time to do it7 two or three of them were shot1 a part of their cargo was pillaged or destroyed1 and their camels exchanged for those of ours1 which had been wounded4 ,the ,fate of the ,people1 for whose happiness we no doubt came to ,egypt1 was no better4 ,if1 at our approach1 terror made them leave their houses1 they found on their return1 nothing but the ,mud of which the ,walls were composed2 utensils1 ploughs1 gates1 roofs1 everything served as fuel to boil our ,soup2 their pots were broken1 their grain was eaten1 their fowls and pigeons roasted1 and nothing was left but the carcases of their dogs1 when they defended the ,property of their ,masters4 ,if we remained in their ,villages1 the wretches were summoned to return1 under pain of being treated as ,rebels1 and1 in consequence1 double ,taxed2 and when they yielded to these ,menaces1 came to pay their ,tax1 it sometimes happened1 that1 from their great number1 they were taken for a body of ,revolters1 their sticks for arms1 and they received some discharges of ,musketry before there was time for explaining the ,mistake2 the ,dead were interred1 and we remained friends1 till a safe opportunity for revenge occurred4 ,it is true1 that when they staid at home1 paid the ,tax1 and supplied all the ,wants of the ,army1 they were saved the trouble of a ,journey to a ,residence in the ,desert1 saw their ,provisions consumed with regularity1 and were allowed a ,part of them1 preserved some of their gates1 sold their eggs to the ,soldiers1 ,,and ,,had ,,but ,,few ,,of ,,their ,,wives ,,and ,,daughters ,,violated6' ,such was the ,treatment which ,egypt experienced2 a ,country which the ,french were desirous to possess1 and to conciliate2 very ,different is their ,design upon ,great ,britain1 which it is their avowed ,intention to ,ravage1 ,plunder and ,destroy4 ,,chapter ,,xxviii4 ,,attempt ,,at ,,mediation ,,by ,,russia--,,martial ,,enthusiasm ,,in ,,england--,,enrolment ,,of ,,volunteers--,,patriotic ,,handbills ,,and ,,songs4 ,ineffectual attempts at mediation seem to have been made1 but1 situated as the two opposing ,powers were1 this could not be4 #8,bruin become mediator' 7artist unknown1 ,june #ahjc7 represents the ,emperor of ,russia as a bear1 joining the hands of a ,bull and a ,monkey4 ,the peacemaker thus addresses them1 #8,i wonder you civilized folks could not agree upon matters without reference to me1 whom you have ridiculed as a ,barbarian--but ,i suppose you think ,i must have more sense than yourselves1 because ,i come further ,north4' ,the ,monkey is giving his hand with #8,i promise on the faith of a ,frenchman 7which is as any ,birmingham ,sixpence7 to let you graze quietly in the ,malta ,paddock--and to love you with all my heart1 as much as ,i do the ,liberty of the ,french ,nation4' ,the ,bull says1 #8,well ,nappy1 if you will leave off your ,pranks and not think of skipping over to ,egypt1 and if you will promise not to hop the twig to ,hanover1 ,i will be reconciled4' ,and again1 a month later1 is another caricature1 called #8,olympic ,games1 or ,john ,bull introducing his new ,ambassador to the ,grand ,consul1' by ,i4 ,cruikshank 7,july #af1 #ahjc71 shewing us the little ,corsican giving an ambassador a blow in the face with his clenched fist1 saying1 #8,there ,sir1 take that1 and tell your master1 ,i'll thrash every one who dares to speak to me3 ,i'll thrash all the ,world4 ,d-- me ,i'll1 ,i'll1 ,i'll1 be ,king of the ,universe4' ,the astonished ,ambassador exclaims1 #8,why this is ,club ,law6 this is the ,argument of force indeed4 ,the little ,gentleman is ,derang4' ,john ,bull1 however1 is introducing a prize-fighter as his representative1 telling ,napoleon1 #8,there1 my ,boy1 is an ,ambassador who will treat with you in your own way--but ,i say1 be as gentle with him as you can4' ,the pugilist looks on his adversary with contempt1 #8,what6 is it that little whipper snapper ,i am to set to with8 ,why ,i think the first round will settle his hash4' ,the ,austrian ambassador meanwhile remarks1 #8,the ,monarch ,i represent1 will return this insult with becoming ,dignity4' ,martial enthusiasm was at its height1 corps of volunteers were enrolled everywhere4 ,the militia1 #hj1jjj strong1 had been called out on ,march #be2 there was the regular army of #acj1jjj1 and1 on ,june #bh1 the ,house of ,commons agreed to the raising of #ej1jjj more1 by means of conscription--of which ,england was to furnish #cd1jjj1 ,ireland #aj1jjj1 and ,scotland #f1jjj2 whilst1 on ,june #cj1 the ,court of ,common ,council for the ,city of ,london resolved to raise1 and equip1 #hjj men for the national service4 ,this1 be it remembered1 only represented that portion of ,london within the city walls4 ,factions were for a time done away with1 and men1 of all shades of politics1 stood shoulder by shoulder1 as now1 in the ranks of the different volunteer corps4 ,stirring broadsides were not needed1 although they appeared1 and the following may be taken as a good sample3-- ,,english ,,mastiffs4 ,we by this ,address1 publicly and solemnly1 before ,god and our ,country1 pledge our ,fortunes1 ,persons1 and ,lives1 in the ,defence of our ,sovereign1 and all the ,blessings of our glorious ,constitution4 ,there is not a ,man that hears me1 ,i am persuaded1 who is not prompt and eager to redeem that pledge4 ,there is not1 there cannot be a ,man here1 who would leave undefended1 our good1 tried1 and brave ,,old ,,king in the ,hour of ,danger4 ,no1 ,sir6 we need now no ,warning-voice2 no string of ,eloquence2 no ,thoughts that heat1 and ,words that burn1 are necessary to raise a ,host of hardy ,men1 when the ,king1 the ,parliament1 and the ,country are in ,distress4#ge ,,call ,,out ,,to ,,yorkshiremen1 #8,,come ,,forth ,,to ,,battle6' our ,answer will be--,one and ,all--#8,,we ,,are ,,ready6--,there is the ,enemy6--,lead on6' ,sir1 that ,enemy is not far off2 a very numerous1 well appointed1 ably commanded ,army1 to whom is promised the ,plunder of ,england1 are now hovering round1 and ,part of them in daily ,sight of the ,promised ,land4 ,they view it1 like so many famished ,wolves1 ,cruel as ,death1 and ,hungry as the ,grave1 panting for an ,opportunity1 at any ,risk1 to come into our ,sheep ,fold2--but1 and if they should1 is it not our ,business1 our first ,duty1 to have such a ,guard of old1 faithful ,,english ,,mastiffs1 of the old ,breed1 as shall make them quickly repent their temerity4 ,the ,chief ,consul of ,france tells us1 that we are but a ,nation of ,shopkeepers3 let us1 ,shopkeepers1 then melt our ,weights1 and our ,scales1 and return him the ,compliment in ,bullets4 ,sir2 we may have a firm ,reliance on the ,exertions of as gallant a ,fleet as ever sailed2 but the ,fleet cannot perform ,impossibilities2 it cannot be in two places at once2 it cannot conquer the ,winds1 and subdue the ,storms4 ,though our old ,tars can do much1 they cannot do everything2 and it would be unsafe and dastardly to lie skulking behind them4 ,with the ,blessing of ,,god1 and a good ,cause1 we can do ,wonders2 but if we depend upon our ,naval ,prowess only1 we have much to fear4 ,,no1 ,,sir3 ,england will never be perfectly safe1 until she can defend herself as well by ,land1 as by ,sea2 until she can defy the haughty ,foe3 if there was even a ,bridge between ,calais and ,dover1 and that ,bridge in ,possession of the ,enemy1 still can she say1 in the ,language of a good ,english ,boxing ,match1 #8,a ,,fair ,,field ,,and ,,no ,,favour4' #8,our good1 tried1 and brave ,,old ,,king1 in the ,hour of ,danger1' had made all snug1 at least as far as human foresight could act4 ,when the dreaded invasion came1 he was to go either to ,chelmsford or ,dartford2 whilst the ,queen1 with the ,royal ,family and the treasure1 were to go to ,worcester1 the city whose motto is #8,civitas in bello1 et in pace1 fidelis4' ,all the stores at ,woolwich1 including the artillery1 were to be sent into the ,midlands by means of the ,grand ,junction ,canal2 in fact1 every precaution was taken that forethought could devise3 and there is but little doubt that1 had ,napoleon made good a landing1 he would have had a warmer reception than he expected4 ,yet what disadvantages they laboured under compared to our days6 no ,telegraphs1 no ,railways1 no ,steam4 ,of course it may be said that the enemy was in no better position2 but still a lucky wind might favour their crossing1 and hinder our preventing it4 ,loyal and patriotic poetry abounded2 here is a specimen3-- ,,the ,,voice ,,of ,,the ,,british ,,isles4 ,,tune--#8,hearts of ,oak4' ,away1 my brave boys1 haste away to the shore2 ,our foes1 the base ,french1 boast they're straight coming o'er1 ,to murder1 and plunder1 and ravish1 and burn-- ,let them come--we'll take care they shall never return2 ,for around all our shores1 hark6 the notes loudly ring1 ,united1 we're ready1 ,steady1 boys1 steady1 ,to fight for our ,liberty1 ,laws1 and our ,king4 ,they boast in the dark they will give us the slip3 ,the attempt may procure them a dangerous dip2 ,our bold ,tars are watching in ,ocean's green lap1 ,to give them a long ,jacobinical nap4#gf ,but should they steal over1 with one voice we'll sing1 ,united1 we're ready1 c4 ,they knew1 that united1 we sons of the waves ,would ne'er bow to ,frenchmen1 nor grovel like ,slaves2 ,so ere they dare venture to touch on our strand1 ,they sent black ,sedition to poison our land4 ,but around all our shores let the notes loudly ring1 ,united1 we're ready1 c4 ,they swore we were slaves1 all lost and undone2 ,that a ,jacobine nostrum1 as sure as a gun1 ,would make us all equal1 and happy1 and free2 ',twas only to dance round their ,liberty's tree4 ,no1 no6 round our shores let the notes loudly ring1 ,united1 we're ready1 c4 ',twas only to grant them the kiss call'd fraternal-- ,a kiss which all ,europe has found most infernal2 ,and then they maintained the effect could not miss-- ,we should all be as blest as the ,dutch and the ,swiss4 ,no1 no6 round our shores let the notes loudly ring1 ,united1 we're ready1 c4 ,with lies1 and with many a ,gallican wile1 ,they spread their dread poison o'er ,erin's green ,isle2 ,but now each shillalah is ready to thwack1 ,and baste the lean ribs of the ,gallican ,quack4 ,all around ,erin's shores1 hark6 the notes loudly ring1 ,united1 we're ready1 c4 ,stout ,sandy1 our brother1 with heart1 and with hand1 ,and his well-try'd ,glaymore1 joins the patriot band4 ,now ,jack1 ,pat1 and ,sandy thus cordial agree1 ,we sons of the wave shall for ever be free4 ,while around all our shores1 hark6 the notes loudly ring1 ,united1 we're ready1 c4 ,as they could not deceive1 now they threaten to pour ,their hosts on our land1 to lay waste and devour2 ,to drench our fair fields1 and our cities in gore1 ,nor cease to destroy till ,britannia's no more4 ,let them come if they dare--hark6 the notes loudly ring1 ,united1 we're ready1 c4 ,my sweet rosy ,nan is a true ,british wife1 ,and loves her dear ,jack1 as she loves her own life2 ,yet she girds on my sword1 and smiles while ,i glow1 ,to meet the proud ,french1 and to lay their heads low1 ,and chants 'tween each buss1 while the notes loudly ring1 ,my ,jack1 art thou ready8 ,steady1 boy1 steady1 ,go fight for thy ,liberty1 ,laws1 and thy ,king4 ,and ,ned1 my brave ,lad1 with a true ,british heart1 ,has forsaken his plough1 has forsaken his cart2 ,e'en ,dolly has quitted1 to dig in a trench1 ,all1 all1 for the sake of a cut at the ,french2 ,while he sings all day long1 let the notes loudly ring1 ,i'm ready1 ,i'm ready6 ,steady1 boy1 steady1 ,to fight for my ,liberty1 ,laws1 and my ,king4 ,away then1 my boys6 haste away to the shore1 ,our foes1 the base ,french1 boast they're straight coming o'er1 ,to murder1 and plunder1 and ravish1 and burn-- ,they may come1--but1 by ,jove1 they shall never return2 ,for around all our shores1 hark6 the notes loudly ring1 ,united1 we're ready1 ,steady1 boys1 steady1 ,to fight for our ,liberty1 ,laws1 and our ,king4 #8,the ,final ,pacification of ,europe' 7artist unknown1 ,june #ahjc7 shews that this desirable thing could only be accomplished by the death of ,napoleon--so he is represented as being suspended from a gallows1 whilst postboys1 duly equipped with horns1 and dressed in their different national garbs1 are shouting1 #8,good ,news for ,russia1 ,prussia1 ,old ,england1 ,germany1 and ,switzerland4' ,holland is excessively joyful3 ,mynheer calling out1 #8,good news for ,holland1 ti-lol-de-riddle-lol4' ,a very amusing caricature is #8,green ,spectacles1 or ,consular ,goggles' 7artist unknown1 ,june #ahjc71 where ,napoleon is represented as sitting on a rock called ,usurped ,power1 and wearing an enormous pair of green goggles labelled #8,green eyed ,jealousy1' through which he darts envious glances at ,great ,britain1 ,west ,indies1 ,east ,indies1 ,malta1 and ,egypt4 ,,chapter ,,xxix4 ,,patriotic ,,handbills1 ,,etc4 ,we meet with a slight notice of ,toussaint l',ouverture1 and the war in ,st4 ,domingo1 in a broadside dwelling on the consequences of a successful invasion3 #8,here then there would be no volunteering1 no balloting1 unless1 indeed1 such ,volunteers as were raised in ,france for the conquest of ,st4 ,domingo4 ,and how were they raised8 ,why1 by every man having a bayonet put to his breast1 being seized by force1 and then chained in couples like dogs1 and drove down in a string to the coast1 for embarkation1 like so many ,galley slaves4 ,this1 though it may sound incredible to an ,englishman's ear1 is a fact known to all ,europe4 #8,such my brave ,countrymen1 would be your dreadful fate1 could this blessed island be once subjugated to that haughty and merciless ,tyrant1 the ,corsican ,bonaparte4 ,where then1 is the ,man who would not die a thousand1 and a thousand deaths sooner than submit to so cruel and unnatural a fate8' ,july was very prolific of these broadsheets1 some of them taking the form of theatrical announcements1 two of which are here given4 ,,theatre ,,royal1 ,,england4 ,,in ,,rehearsal1 ,,and ,,meant ,,to ,,be ,,speedily ,,attempted1 ,a ,,farce ,,in ,,one ,,act1 ,,called ,,the ,,invasion ,,of ,,england4 ,principal ,buffo ,,mr4 ,,buonaparte1 ,being his ,,first 7and most likely his ,last7 ,appearance on this ,stage4 ,anticipated ,critique4 ,the structure of this ,farce is very loose1 and there is a moral1 and radical1 ,defect in the ,ground work4 ,it boasts1 however1 considerable ,novelty1 for the ,characters are ,,all ,,mad4 ,it is probable it will not be played in the ,,country1 but will certainly never be acted in ,,town2 where ever it may be represented1 we will do it the justice to say1 it will be received with ,thunders of 444 ,,cannon666 but we will venture to affirm will never equall the ,success of ,,john ,,bull4 ,it is however likely that the ,piece may yet be put off on account of the ,indisposition of the ,principal ,performer1 ,mr4 ,,buonaparte4 ,we don't exactly know what this ,gentleman's ,merits may be on the ,tragic ,boards of ,france1 but he will never succeed here2 his ,figure is very diminutive1 he struts a great deal1 seems to have no ,conception of his ,character1 and treads the ,stage very badly2 notwithstanding which defects1 we think1 if he comes here1 he will get an ,,engagement1 though it is probable that he will1 shortly after1 be reduced to the situation of a ,,scene ,,shifter4 ,as for the ,farce1 we recommend it to be withdrawn1 as it is the opinion of all ,political ,critics1 that if played1 it will certainly be ,,damn',d4 #8,vivant ,rex et ,regina4' ,the other is3-- ,,in ,,rehearsal1 ,,theatre ,,royal ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,kingdoms4 ,some ,dark1 ,foggy ,night1 about ,november next1 will be ,,attempted1 by a ,strolling ,company of ,french ,vagrants1 an ,old ,pantomomic ,farce1 called ,,harlequin',s ,,invasion ,,or ,,the ,,disappointed ,,banditti4 ,,with ,,new ,,machinery1 ,,music1 ,,dresses1 ,,and ,,decorations4 ,,harlequin ,,butcher1 ,,by ,,mr4 ,,buonaparte ,,from ,,corsica4 7,who ,murdered that ,character in ,egypt1 ,italy1 ,switzerland1 ,holland1 c47 ,,the ,,other ,,parts ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,sieyes1 ,,le ,,brun1 ,,talleyrand1 ,,maret1 ,,angereau1 ,,massena1 ,,and ,,the ,,rest ,,of ,,the ,,gang4 ,in the ,course of the ,piece will be introduced a ,distant ,view of ,harlequin's ,flat-,bottomed ,boats ,,warmly ,,engaged ,,by ,,the ,,wooden ,,walls ,,of ,,old ,,england4 ,,the ,,repulse4 ,,or1 ,,britons ,,triumphant4 ,the ,parts of ,john ,bull1 ,paddy ,whack1 ,sawney ,mac ,snaish1 and ,shone-ap-,morgan1 by ,messrs4 ,,nelson1 ,,moira1 ,,st4 ,,vincent1 ,,gardner1 ,,hutchinson1 ,,warren1 ,,pellew1 ,s4 ,,smith1 c4 c4 c4 ,the ,chorus of #8,hearts of ,oak1' by the ,,jolly ,,tars and ,,army of ,,old ,,england1 ,assisted by a ,numerous ,company of ,provincial ,performers1 ,who have ,,volunteered their ,services on this ,occasion4 ,the ,overture to consist of #8,britons ,strike ,home'--#8,stand to your ,guns'--#8,rule ,britannia' and ,,god ,,save ,,the ,,king4 ,the ,dresses will be splendid2 the ,band numerous and compleat4 ,the whole to conclude with a ,,grand ,,illumination1 and a ,,transparency displaying ,,britannia receiving the ,homage of ,,gallic ,,slaves4 ,no ,room for ,lobby ,loungers4 ,vivant ,rex et ,regina4 ,according to the caricaturist1 ,hanover had no special attractions for ,bonaparte4 #8,boney in possession of the ,millstone' 7,ansell1 ,july #e1 #ahjc7 shews him as having a fearfully large and weighty millstone hung round his neck1 called ,hanover4 ,he totters under the weight1 and calls out that #8,it's cursed heavy6 ,i wish it had been ,malta6' ,john ,bull1 dressed as a countryman1 jeers him3 #8,what6 thee hast got it1 hast thee8 ,the ,devil do thee good with it--,old ,measter ,chatham used to say it was a ,millstone about my neck--so perhaps ,i may feel more lightsome without it4' #8,flags of ,truth and ,lies' 7artist unknown1 ,july #aj1 #ahjc7 is a representation of a typical ,frenchman and ,englishman1 as then imagined4 ,the ,frenchman holds a tricoloured flag1 and intimates that #8,mon grande ,matre bid-a you read dat1 ,monsieur6' and points to the following text on the flag3 #8,citizen first ,consul ,buonaparte presents ,compliments and ,thanks to the ,ladies and ,gentlemen of ,great ,britain1 who have honored him with their visits at ,paris1 and intends himself the pleasure of returning it in person1 as soon as his arrangements for that purpose can be completed4' ,john ,bull replies1 #8,and let your ,grand ,master read that1 ,mounseer1' and points to his flag1 the ,union ,jack1 on which is written #8,john ,bull does not rightly understand the ,chief ,consul's lingo--but supposes he means something about ,invasion2 therefore the said ,john ,bull deems it necessary to observe that if his ,consular ,highness dares to invade any ,ladies or ,gentlemen on his coast1 he'll be damn'd if he don't sink him4' ,,the ,,devil ,,and ,,the ,,consul4 ,a ,new ,song4 ,as the ,devil thro' ,paris one ,day took a ,walk1 ,,buonaparte he met1--and they both had some ,talk2 ,great ,hero1 says ,satan1 pray how do you do8 ,i am well1 cried the ,consul1 my ,service to you4 ,derry down1 down1 down1 derry down6 ,what ,news do you bring from your ,empire below1 ,how is ,,oliver ,,cromwell8 ,but very so1 so6 ,i fancy he envies your glories so great2 ,for he vows he ne'er reigned in such ,splendor and ,state-- ,derry down1 c4 ,tho' he often exerted himself in my ,cause1 ,still ,britons from him1 had some excellent ,laws2 ,how much below yours all his ,merits must fall1 ,who rules this ,republic without ,laws at all666 ,derry down1 c4 ,,alexander1 and ,c,,sar1 fine ,heroes in ,story1 ,are jealous1 ,i know1 of your ,deeds1 and your ,glory2 ,tho' they push'd thro' the ,globe all their ,conquests pell mell1 ,and rul'd ,monarchs on ,earth1 now they're ,subjects in ,hell4 ,derry down1 c4 ',bout ,religion at ,rome you once made a great ,pother1 ,have pulled down one ,pope1 and then set up another6 ,in ,egypt ,i've heard of your wonderful ,works1 ,how ,mahomet you worshipp'd1 to flatter the ,turks6 ,derry down1 c4 ,the ,deeds you there acted with ,poison and ,ire1 ,on my ,realms are recorded in ,letters of ,fire2 ,not an ,imp in my ,service1 but boasts of your ,fame1 ,and #8grins1 horribly' grins--when he mentions your name4 ,derry down1 c4 ,you boast much1 dear ,,consul1 of ,liberty's ,tree1 ,you say that the ,dutch and the ,swiss are quite free6 ,if such ,freedom as this to give ,britain's your aim1 ,try your skill1 that ,i soon to yourself may lay claim6 ,derry down1 c4 ,when the ,time shall arrive that's determin'd by ,fate-- ,that you quit for ,,invasion your ,consular ,seat2 ,fear not--if bold ,britons should prove your o'erthrow1 ,you're sure of a ,seat in my ,kingdom below6 ,derry down1 c4 ,illustration3 ,,death ,,of ,,the ,,corsican ,,fox4 ,gillray 7,july #bj1 #ahjc7 produced the #8,death of the ,corsican ,fox--,scene1 the last of the ,royal ,hunt1' in which ,george ,,iii4 holding his horse's bridle1 with one hand holds up the ,corsican ,fox1 to throw to his hounds1 ,st4 ,vincent1 ,nelson1 ,sydney ,smith1 ,gardner1 ,cornwallis1 and others--shouting merrily1 meanwhile1 #8,tally ho6 ,tally ho6 ho6 ho6 ho6' ,,chapter ,,xxx4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 ,,continued--,,bonaparte',s ,,ten ,,commandments1 ,,etc4 ,,the ,,new ,,moses ,,or ,,bonaparte',s ,,ten ,,commandments4 ,translated from a ,french ,manuscript1 ,,by ,,soliman ,,the ,,traveller4 ,and when the great man came from ,egypt1 he used cunning1 and force1 to subject the people4 ,the good1 as well as the wicked1 of the land trembled before him1 because he had won the hearts of all the fighting men2 and1 after he had succeeded in many of his schemes1 his heart swelled with pride1 and he sought how to ensnare the people more and more1 to be the greatest man under the ,sun4 ,the ,multitude of the people were of four kinds2 some resembled blind men1 that cannot see2 some were fearful1 who trembled before him2 others courageous1 and for the good of the people1 but too weak in number2 and others yet1 who were as wicked as the great man himself4 ,and when he was at the head of the deluded nation1 he gave strict laws1 and the following commandments1 which were read before a multitude of people1 and in a full congregation of all his priests3 #a4 ,ye ,frenchmen1 ye shall have no other commander above me1 for ,i1 ,bonaparte1 am the supreme head of the nation1 and will make all nations bow down to you1 and obey me1 as your ,lord1 and ,commander4 #b4 ,ye shall not have any graven images upon your coin1 in marble1 wood1 or metal1 which might represent any person above me2 nor shall ye acknowledge any person to excel me1 whether he be among the living or the dead2 whether he be in the happy land of the enlightened ,french1 or in the cursed island of the dull ,english2 for ,i1 the ,chief ,consul of ,france1 am a jealous hero1 and visit disobedience of an individual upon a whole nation1 and of a father upon the children1 and upon the third and fourth generation of them that hate me2 and shew mercy unto those that love me1 and humble themselves4 #c4 ,ye shall not trifle with my name1 nor take it in vain2 nor shall you suffer that any other nation treat it disrespectfully1 for ,i will be the sole commander upon earth1 and make you triumph over your enemies4 #d4 ,remember1 that ye keep the days of prayers1 and pray for me as the head of the ,nation and the future ,conqueror of the base ,english4 ,ye shall pray fervently1 with your faces cast upon the ground1 and not look at the priest when he pronounces my name2 for ,i am a jealous hero1 and delight in my priests1 because they are humble1 and ,i have regarded the lowliness of their hearts1 and forgiven them all their past iniquities4 ,and ye priests1 remember the power of him1 who made you his creatures1 and do your duty4 #e4 ,respect and honour all ,french heroes1 that ye may find mercy in mine eyes for all your iniquities1 and that ye may live in the land1 in which ,i1 the ,lord1 your ,commander1 live4 #f4 ,ye shall not murder each other1 save it be by my own commands1 for purposes that may be known to me alone2 but of your enemies1 and all those nations that will not acknowledge your1 and my1 greatness1 ye may kill an infinite number2 for that is a pleasing sight in the eyes of your supreme commander4 #g4 ,ye shall not commit adultery at home1 whatever ye may do in the land of infidels1 and the stiff-necked people2 for they are an abomination to the ,lord1 your ,commander4 #h4 ,ye shall not steal at home1 but suppress your covetousness1 and insatiable desire of plunder1 until ye may arrive in the land of our enemies4 ,ye shall neither steal from them with indiscretion1 but seem to give with the left hand1 when the right taketh4 #i4 ,ye shall not bear false witness against your neighbour1 if he should distinguish himself in the land of the enemies4 #aj4 ,ye shall not covet any thing of your neighbour1 but everything of your enemies2 his jewels1 his gold1 his silver1 his horse or ass1 his maid1 his daughter1 his wife1 or anything in which your hearts find delight2 and ye may take it1 but still with cunning2 for the ,lord1 your ,commander1 loveth mildness1 more than strength1 to please the people when he plunders4--,use the sword in battle1 cunning after it1 look for plunder1 but subject the people to me2--herein lie all my commandments1 and those who keep them shall be protected by my power and prosper in all my undertakings4 ,,master ,,boney',s ,,hearty ,,welcome ,,to ,,england4 ,being the ,song of ,songs1 and worth all the ,songs in the ,world put together4 ,to be sung1 or said1 by every ,jovial ,fellow1 who is a ,true ,lover of our good ,king and most happy ,constitution4 ,should ,boney come hither1 our ,britons declare1 ,they'd flog the dog well--you may surely guess where3 ,while others have vow'd1 they would hang him as high1 ,as ,haman the ,jew--'twixt the earth and the sky4 ,boney down1 down1 down1 ,boney down4 ,some say they will treat him no better than fleas1 ,and 'twixt thumb and finger they'll give him a squeeze2 ,whilst some by the ears1 the vile ,ruffian they'll lug1 ,and others will give him a good ,cornish hug4 ,boney down1 c4 ,nay1 many would clap him in cage for a show1 ,at two pence a piece1 ,sirs--the price is too low3 ,whilst others would drive him post haste to the ,tower1 ,a tit-bit for tygers and wolves to devour4 ,boney down1 c4 ,stand by1 says young ,snip1 don't you see my bold shears8 ,for the least ,i will have1 is his nose or his ears2 ,says the ,cook1 ,i will baste him1 and humble his pride1 ,cries the ,tanner1 ,pox take him1 ,i'll tan his vile hide4 ,boney down1 c4 ,says the ,butcher1 ,i'll knock down the dog like an ox1 ,cries the ,constable bold--put the knave in the ,stocks2 ,says the ,chandler1 when once to the ,pill'ry he hies1 ,rotten eggs will ,i furnish to bung up his eyes4 ,boney down1 c4 ,says the ,doctor1 ,i'm ready to give him a pill1 ,for the doctors1 like ,boney1 they know how to kill2 ,says the ,lawyer1 ,i'll make the cur presently mute1 ,when once ,i shall bring him the cost of his suit4 ,boney down1 c4 ,cries the ,huntsman1 ,i long on his shoulders to ride1 ,i warrant a good pair of spurs ,i'll provide4 ,says the ,welchman1 ,i'll toast him as ,i would toast cheese2 ,says ,paddy1 ,i'll whack him1 as long as you plase4 ,boney down1 c4 ,cries a brave bonny ,scot1 ,mon1 gee mee his lug1 ,and ,i'll squeeze him as flat as a bonnock or bug2 ,says old ,suds1 ,i will shave him with razor so notch'd1 ,as shall leave his black muzzle most famously scotch'd4 ,boney down1 c4 ,says the ,dust-man1 ,i'll dust him--you know what ,i mean1 ,i'll give him a hide1 all black1 blue and green2 ,says the ,mason1 ,i'll case him in good bricks and mortar1 ,no1 no1 says ,jack ,ketch--don't you see this nice halter8 ,boney down1 c4 ,says the ,baker1 the ,rogue in my oven ,i'll poke2 ,cries young ,sweep--in the chimney ,i'll give him a smoke2 ,the ,cobler will give him a stitch in the heel1 ,and here's ,moll1 who would skin him as clean as an eel4 ,boney down1 c4 ,but here's ,tom the ,miller1 who swears he'll have ,boney1 ,and grind him as close as--,old ,hunks keeps his money4 ,nay1 stop1 cries the ,joiner1 ,i'll saw off his head1 ,cries the ,surgeon1 we'll have him as soon as he's dead4 ,boney down1 c4 ,then stretch the ,dog out1 and when flat on his back1 ,we'll cut out his heart to see if it's black2 ,for sure such another1 no mortal e'er saw1 ,unless vomited forth1 from old ,belzebub's maw4 ,boney down1 c4 ,but now for his flesh--we must lay bare his bones1 ,and then let him stand clear of ,old ,davy ,jones1#gg ,but ,davy will have him1 as sure as a gun1 ,so now ,master ,boney1 here ends all your fun4 ,boney down1 c4 ,the ,soldiers will stick him--the ,sailor he cries1 ,he'll never come hither1 the ,rascal's too wise2 ,he knows that the ,tars of ,old ,england ne'er shrink1 ,but him1 and his flat-bottom'd boats they will sink4 ,boney down1 c4 ',twou'd weary your patience to hear folks repeat1 ,how ,boney the ,pigmy they're anxious to treat2 ,so let him come hither1 we'll soon make a ring1 ,then fight till we die1 for our ,country and ,king4 ,boney down1 c4 ,among the caricatures1 ,west gives us 7,july #ahjc7 #8,a ,british ,chymist ,analizing a ,corsican ,earth ,worm66' ,bonaparte is in a retort1 being distilled1 and ,george the ,third is examining a cup of his extract1 with a magnifying glass1 saying1 #8,i think ,i can now pretty well ascertain the ingredients of which this insect is composed--viz4--,ambition and self sufficiency1 two parts--,forgetfulness--one part--some light ,invasion ,froth1 on the surface1 and a prodigious quantity of fretful passion1 and conceited ,arrogance is the residue66' #8,little ,ships1 or ,john ,bull very ,inquisitive' 7artist unknown1 ,july #ahjc71 shews us ,napoleon employed in cutting toy ships out of bits of wood2 he has already filled a large basket with them1 and has two or three before him1 on a table4 ,john ,bull1 with a terrific oaken cudgel1 comes suddenly upon him1 saying1 #8,i ax ,pardon for coming in with my hat on1 without knocking--but1 hearing a nation thumping in your workshop--thought ,i may as well step up stairs1 and see what the youngster is about4' ,napoleon replies1 #8,don't be alarm'd ,johnny--,i am only making a few little ,ships1 for my own ,private ,amusement4' ,the following broadside was printed with different headings1 so as to sell in different counties-- ,,twenty ,,thousand ,,pounds ,,reward4 ,,middlesex 7to wit7 ,to all ,constables1 ,head boroughs1 ,tithing ,men1 and other ,officers of the ,county of ,middlesex1 and to every of whom it may concern1 ,whereas a certain ill disposed ,vagrant1 and common disturber1 commonly called1 or known by the name of ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte1 alias ,jaffa ,bonaparte1 alias ,opium ,bonaparte1 alias ,whitworth ,bonaparte1 alias ,acre ,bonaparte1 still continues to go about swindling and defrauding divers ,countries1 ,cities1 ,towns1 and ,villages1 under divers1 various1 and many false and wicked pretences1 out of their ,rights1 ,comforts1 ,conveniences1 and ,cash2 ,,and ,,whereas the said ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte1 alias ,jaffa ,bonaparte1 alias ,opium ,bonaparte1 alias ,whitworth ,bonaparte1 alias ,acre ,bonaparte1 hath been guilty of divers ,outrages1 ,rapes1 and ,murders1 at ,jaffa1 ,rosetta1 and elsewhere2 ,,and ,,whereas ,it is strongly suspected that the said ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte1 alias ,jaffa ,bonaparte1 alias ,opium ,bonaparte1 alias ,whitworth ,bonaparte1 alias ,acre ,bonaparte1 hath in contemplation at the ,day of the ,date of these presents1 to land in some1 7but in what1 part is not yet known7 of ,great ,britain or ,ireland3 ,,we ,,do hereby will and require1 that in case the said ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte1 alias ,jaffa ,bonaparte1 alias ,opium ,bonaparte1 alias ,whitworth ,bonaparte1 alias ,acre ,bonaparte1 shall be found to lurk1 and wander up and down your ,bailiwick1 that you bring before us the body of the said ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte1 alias ,jaffa ,bonaparte1 alias ,opium ,bonaparte1 alias ,whitworth ,bonaparte1 alias ,acre ,bonaparte1 on or before the ,morrow#gh of ,all ,souls1 that he may be forthwith sent to our ,jail for ,,wild ,,beasts1 situate1 standing1 and being1 over ,exeter #8,change in the ,strand1 without ,bail or ,mainprize2 and that he be there placed in a certain ,iron ,cage1 with the ,ouran ,outang1 or some other ferocious and voracious animal like himself1 for the purpose of being tamed1 or until a warrant shall issue to our beloved subject ,jack ,ketch1 to deal with him according to ,law and the ,virtue of his ,office2 and this in no-wise omit at your peril4 ,witness our hands ,,john ,,doe and ,,richard ,,roe4 ,the said ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte1 alias ,jaffa ,bonaparte1 alias ,opium ,bonaparte1 alias ,whitworth ,bonaparte1 alias ,acre ,bonaparte1 is a ,corsican by birth1 about five feet four inches in height of a swarthy black complexion1 dark hair and eye brows1 and resembles a great deal in person1 a ,bear-leader1 or one of the ,savoyards who play on the reeds at ,vauxhall3 he is remarkable for walking fast1 and taking long strides1 and has been thought to squint1 though it is1 in fact1 no more than a cast in the left eye1 with looking too much at one object--,old ,england--to which over application1 he also owes being afflicted with the ,jaundice4 ,the above reward will be paid by the ,county immediately on apprehension4 ,,chapter ,,xxxi4 ,,invasion1 continued1--#8,,britons1 ,,strike ,,home'--,,bonaparte',s ,,will4 ,at this time much use was made of the phrase #8,britons1 strike home6' which first appears in an adaptation of ,beaumont and ,fletcher's play of #8,bonduca1' or ,boadicea--which was set to music by ,henry ,purcell in #afie4 ,the few words are not in the original drama1 but are interpolated with other songs1 and form a solo and chorus4 ,illustration3 ,music ,brit - ons1 strike home1 ,re - venge1 re - venge your coun - - - try's wrongs4 ,fight1 fight and re - - cord1 fight1 fight and re - cord your -- selves in ,dru - - ids' songs1 ,fight1 fight and re - - cord1 fight1 fight and re - - cord1 re - cord your - selves in ,dru - ids' songs4 ,but these simple words would hardly suit the times1 so a brand new patriotic song was evolved1 embodying the title ,,britons1 ,,strike ,,home6 ,a ,new ,song4 ,should ,frenchmen e'er pollute ,britannia's strand1 ,or press with hostile hoof this sacred land2 ,the daring deed should every ,briton arm1 ,to save his native land from dire alarm2 ,her free born ,sons should instant take the field1 ,the ,altar and the ,throne at once to shield4 ,britons1 strike home6 avenge your ,country's cause1 ,protect your ,king1 your ,liberties1 and ,laws6 ,repel the ,foe1 that1 desperate1 dares invade ,the land protected by great ,sydney's shade2 ,and in the cause for which your ,hampden bled1 ,should ev'ry ,briton's blood be freely shed2 ,a cause no less than ,liberty and ,life1 ,the poor ,man's ,home1 his ,children and his ,wife4 ,britons1 strike home6 c4 ,the base ,usurper comes--his troops advance1 ,and line1 with threat'ning front1 the shores of ,france2 ,already has the ,despot given the word2 ,already has he drawn his blood stain'd sword2 ,while ,jaffa's plains attest th' ,assassin's skill1 ,poison and blood--the dagger and the pill4 ,britons1 strike home6 c4 ,no common war we wage1 our native land ,is menac'd by a murderous1 ruthless band2 ,the ,throne and ,altar by their ,chief o'erturn'd1 ,and at his feet one half the prostrate world6 #8,plunder and ,rape and ,death''s the hostile cry1 #8,fire to your towns--to ,britons slavery6' ,britons1 strike home6 c4 ,come1 ,bonaparte1 come6 we are prepar'd2 ,no ,british heart a foreign foe e'er fear'd4 ,what6 tho' an abject world in arms should rise1 ,in ,england's cause1 a ,briton death defies2 ,if to herself she prove but firm and true1 ,gaul1 and her frantic ,chief1 she'll make to rue4 ,britons1 strike home6 c4 ,plung'd in the deep1 her navy we'll confound1 ,or with ,french blood manure our ,british ground2 ,drive backward to the sea the ,gallic slaves1 ,and whelm their host1 like ,pharaoh's1 in the waves2 ,restore lost ,peace and ,plenty to our isle1 ,and make the land again with gladness smile4 ,britons1 strike home6 c4 ,there is an amusing picture by ,west 7,july #ahjc7 called ,amusement after ,dinner1 or ,the ,corsican ,fairy displaying his ,prowess4' ,george the ,third and ,queen ,charlotte are at dessert1 which is1 as was their whole mnage1 frugal1 consisting only of a blancmange--the top ornament of which is a fleet of ships1 behind which is a pineapple 7the ,king fruit1 as it was called on its introduction into ,england71 the summit of which bears a crown4 ,the royal pair are highly amused by the antics of the ,corsican fairy 7,napoleon7 who vapours about the table in huge cocked hat and enormous sword4 ,pointing to the blancmange1 he says1 #8,if ,i could but get over this dish of ,blanche ,mange1 ,i would soon invade the ,pine ,apple4' ,in #8,a ,monstrous ,stride1' by ,i4 ,cruikshank 7,july #be1 #ahjc71 ,bonaparte is represented as flourishing his sword and1 having one foot on ,turkey and ,poland1 is attempting to put the other on ,great ,britain1 but steps short1 and comes among the fleet guarding the ,english shores4 ,underneath the picture is #8,he will put his foot in it4' ,there was a somewhat amusing political squib on ,napoleon1 published some time in ,july of this year1 entitled ,,bonaparte',s ,,will4 ,in the name of my ,trinity1 the ,goddess of ,reason1 ,mahomet the ,prophet1 and ,pius the ,pope2 ,we the most great1 most magnanimous1 and most puissant ,,brutus ,,aly ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte1 son to a ,spy1 grandson to a ,butcher1 and great-grandson to a ,galley ,slave1 ,emperor of the ,gauls1 ,first ,consul of ,france1 ,president of ,italy1 ,landamman of ,switzerland1 ,director of ,holland1 ,king of ,etruria1 ,protector of ,emperors1 ,dictator and ,creator of ,kings1 ,electors1 ,princes1 ,cardinals1 ,senators1 ,generals1 ,bishops1 ,prefects1 ,actors1 ,schoolmasters1 c41 c41 c41 do declare1 that notwithstanding the adulation of our ,slaves1 and their assurances of immortality1 the pangs of our conscience1 the decay of our body1 the fear of recoiling daggers1 the dreadful anticipation of infernal machines emitting fire and smoke1 invented at ,jaffa1 and the hissing breath of the poisonous serpents generated at ,el ,arish1 remind us that we soon must die1 and that our power must die with us4 ,we1 therefore1 according to the ,senatus ,consultum of our free ,senate1 do declare this to be our last ,will and ,testament1 as follows3 ,imprimis4 ,to our most beloved1 and dearest ,ibrahim ,rostan1 ,mameluke1 we give and bequeath after our decease1 the crown of ,henry ,,iv41 the sceptre of ,saint ,louis1 and the throne of ,france and ,navarre1 the sovereignty and sovereign disposal of the lives and fortunes of thirty millions of ,frenchmen1 of six millions of ,italians1 of seven millions of ,spaniards1 of two millions of ,helvetians1 and of three millions of ,batavians1 7except as is hereafter excepted7 and we enjoin and charge all the world to acknowledge1 adore1 and respect this ,mameluke1 ,ibrahim ,rostan1 the ,african1 as the natural and legal successor of us1 ,brutus ,aly ,napoleon ,bonaparte1 the ,corsican4 ,we give and bequeath in reversion1 to ,citizen ,barras1 our dear ,consort1 much improved1 and more enriched1 but reserving to ourselves the disposal of her virtuous ,maids of ,honour1 whom we give and bequeath to our ,legion of ,honour1 as a reward due as well to the virtues of the one1 as to the valour of the other4 ,we give and bequeath to our dearly beloved brother ,joseph1 the presidency of the ,italian ,republic1 together with our dearly bought ,minister ,talleyrand1 to be disposed of as his own property1 in all future negociations4 ,to our dearly beloved brother ,lucien1 we give and bequeath our ,batavian ,republic1 and our ,minister ,chaptal1 who1 hereafter1 shall write his speeches1 dictate his letters1 and correct his spelling4 ,to our dearly beloved brother ,louis1 we bequeath our ,helvetian ,republic1 and our ,minister ,berthier1 accompanied with the sense of his ,secretary ,achambau1 whose instructions1 in some time1 may enable him to become a good ,corporal of ,grenadiers4 ,to our dearly beloved brother ,jerome1 we bequeath1 in petto1 the sovereignty of the seas1 with our minister of ,marine1 and all the admirals of our navy1 doubting1 however1 if their united efforts will make him a good midshipman4 ,to our dearly beloved ,mother1 we give and bequeath his ,holiness1 the ,pope1 and our uncle1 ,cardinal ,frere#gi2 with a ,pope1 and a ,cardinal1 in her possession1 her stay in purgatory must be short1 and in ,heaven long4 ,to our dearly beloved sisters1 ,mistresses ,bacchiocchi1 ,murat1 ,santa ,cruce1 and ,le ,clerc1 we give and bequeath our family honours1 chastity1 modesty1 and moderation4 ,to our dear son in law1 ,eugenius ,beauharnais1 we give and bequeath ,parma and ,plaisance1#hj with our dear countryman ,sebastiani1 who will instruct him to drive like a coachman1 and ride like a postillion4 ,to our much beloved daughter in law1 ,madame ,fanny ,beauharnais1 as a reward for her loyalty1 we bequeath a representation1 in wax1 of the scaffold of her father1 and the throne of her mother1 both designed by the revolutionary modellers1 ,barras ,co4 ,to our dear uncle1 ,cardinal ,frere1#gi we give and bequeath the triple crown of ,st4 ,peter1 in petto1 and to all our nameless known and unknown relatives1 we give and bequeath the kingdom of ,etruria1 to be disposed of to the highest bidder1 and its value laid out in mourning rings1 to be equally distributed amongst them1 and certain ,continental ,princes hereinafter mentioned4 ,we give and bequeath to our dear friend the ,king of ,spain1 an ,etrurian mourning ring1 and four family pictures1 representing the ,bourbons dethroned1 the ,bourbons degraded1 the ,bourbons repenting1 and the ,bourbons forgiven4 ,we give and bequeath to the ,king of ,naples1 three marble statues1 after a model by his ,queen1 representing ,faith1 ,loyalty1 and ,constancy2 and to the ,kings of ,sardinia1 we bequeath our promises of honour1 to be equally divided between them4 ,we give and bequeath to his ,holiness the ,pope1 the doctrines of the ,goddess of ,reason1 the ,alcoran of ,mahomet1 and the atheism of our ,institute2 all true relics2 besides1 to himself1 his successors1 and ,college of ,cardinals1 we bequeath concordant mourning rings1 from the manufactory of our ,counsellor of ,state ,portalis4#ha ,we give and bequeath to his ,imperial ,majesty the ,emperor of ,germany1 two drawings1 representing ,hope amongst the ruins of ,turkey1 and ,desire contemplating ,bavaria1 designed by ,citizen ,dupe1 and sold by ,citizen ,plot4 ,we give and bequeath to his ,imperial ,majesty the ,emperor of ,russia1 three pictures1 representing ,louis ,,xvi4 upon the ,throne1 ,louis ,,xvi4 in the ,temple1 and ,louis ,,xvi4 upon the ,scaffold2 by ,citizens ,loyalty1 ,monarchy1 and ,warning4 ,we give and bequeath to our dearest friend the ,king of ,prussia1 the landscape of ,hanover1 with the ,imperial ,crown in perspective1 by ,citizens ,royalty1 ,jacobin1 and ,rebel4 ,we give and bequeath to our natural ,ally the ,emperor of the ,turkish ,empire1 the description of our ,conquests of ,egypt1 our flight from ,egypt1 and our future return to ,egypt1 by ,citizens ,treachery1 ,cowardice1 and ,design4 ,we give and bequeath to his ,majesty the ,king of the ,united ,kingdoms of ,great ,britain1 and ,ireland1 the ,united ,navy of ,holland and ,france1 commanded by ,citizen ,envy1 mann'd by ,citizen ,coalition1 and lost by ,citizen ,invasion4 ,we give and bequeath to his ,majesty the ,king of ,sweden1 the ,french original representation of the assassination of ,gustavus ,,iii4 to remind him of vengeance1 honour and duty4 ,we give to our dear friend the ,king of ,denmark1 an original painting1 of the insults1 torments1 and death1 of his ,queen ,caroline ,matilda2 designed and executed by two celebrated ,french artists1 ,citizens ,intrigue and ,crime4 ,we give and bequeath to the ,regent of ,portugal1 a ,code of our ,revolutionary ,laws of ,nations1 and a chapter of the ,rebel ,etiquette of ,grenadier ,ambassadors1 explained and illustrated by ,citizens ,sans ,culottes1 ,rudeness1 and ,impudence4 ,we give and bequeath to our friend the ,elector of ,bavaria the ,bible of the ,theophilanthropes1 and the ,concordat of ,portalis1 as an assistance to his patriotic illuminated ministers1 in their political reformations1 and religious innovations4 ,we give and bequeath to our chosen ,grand ,master of ,malta1 the ,musical ,opera of the ,capture of ,malta1 performed in #agih with a ,concerto by ,citizen ,treason1 and in #ahjj with a ,bravura1 by ,citizen ,valour1 with the farcical afterpiece of the ,recapture1 performed at ,amiens1 by ,citizens ,fraud and ,treaty4 ,to all other ,continental ,sovereigns1 who have accepted more or less of our bountiful indemnities1 we give and bequeath our mourning rings of honour2 and to all other ambassadors1 ministers1 agents1 and deputies1 who have negociated1 intrigued1 bribed1 or begged indemnities1 we give and bequeath1 with our consciences of honour1 the revolutionary principles of ,necker1 the ex-minister1 the probity1 and disinterestedness of ,talleyrand1 our minister1 and the honour and virtue of ,fouch our senator1 to be equally divided amongst them1 share and share alike4 ,we give and bequeath to all ,sovereigns upon earth1 who have acknowledged our ,corsican ,kingdom of ,etruria1 and to their ministers and counsellors1 ,iron mourning rings1 from the axe of the ,guillotine1 of the ,luneville manufactory1 bearing the following inscription1 #8,monarchy degraded1 and ,monarchy dishonoured1 ,feb4 #ahja4'hb ,we give and bequeath to the ,citizens of the ,republics in ,italy1 ,switzerland1 and ,holland1 our ,corsican ,mourning rings1 with an inscription1 #8,liberty lost1 #ahja1 and unrevenged1 #ahjc4' ,n4,b4--,we give and bequeath to the ,citizens of the ,united ,states of ,america1 the funeral speeches on the tombs of the ,liberty of ,france1 ,germany1 ,switzerland1 ,italy1 and ,holland1 translated and published by ,citizen ,plot1 in ,louisiana4 ,to all our ,senators1 ,legislators1 ,tribunes1 ,counsellors1 ,ministers1 ,generals1 ,cardinals1 ,bishops1 ,prefects1 c41 c41 c41 and to all other of our ,slaves of every denomination and description1 whether ,rebel1 ,royalist1 or ,regicide ,jacobins2 either ,traitors1 ,apostates1 ,murderers1 or ,plunderers1 we give and bequeath the ,cannon of ,st4 ,napoleon1 the dagger of ,st4 ,brutus1 the poison of ,st4 ,aly1 the ,guillotine of ,st4 ,robespierre1 and the halter of ,st4 ,judas2 all true relics1 to be equally divided amongst them4 ,we give and bequeath to the ,manes of all the ,citizens butchered by us at ,toulon1 murdered by us at ,paris1 and poisoned by us in ,egypt2 our confession to our ,cardinal ,bishop at ,paris1 and our absolution from his ,holiness the ,pope4 ,we command1 and desire most earnestly1 not to be buried in any ,church or ,church-yard1 in any mosque or pantheon1 but in the common sewer of ,montmartre1 where the corses of our worthy predecessors1 ,marat and ,robespierre1 were deposited2 but for the quiet of our soul1 we do order1 and put into requisition1 ,la ,revalliere1 high priest to the ,goddess of ,reason1 ,mercier1 the atheist of the ,institute1 ,amarat1 the mufti of ,constantinople1 and ,pius the ,pope of ,rome1 to say prayers over our tomb1 and to read #8,domine salvum fac ,consulem1' sic transit ,gloria mundi6 ,lastly1 to ,louis the ,,xviii4 commonly called the ,pretender1 and to all ,princes of the ,house of ,bourbon1 their heirs1 executors1 administrators1 and assigns1 we give and bequeath our everlasting hate2 and it is our further will and pleasure1 that1 if any potentate or power1 shall harbour the said ,louis ,,xviii4 or any of the said princes1 such harbouring shall be a good cause of war2 and the potentate and power guilty of such humanity1 and hospitality1 shall be punished by a ,coalition of ,powers as a violater of the law of nations1 and contrary to the rights of man4 ,in ,witness whereof1 we have hereunto set our hand and seal the #beth day of ,prairial1 7#ad ,june1 #ahjc7 in the eleventh year of the ,french ,republic1 one and indivisible4 ,,brutus ,,aly ,,napoleon ,,bonaparte4 ,as a specimen of the bombast of the time1 we may take the subjoined illustration of what our ,tars would do with ,napoleon4 ,illustration3 ,,invasion4 ,,chapter ,,xxxii4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 continued--#8,,britons ,,to ,,arms'--,,braggadocio--,,napoleon',s ,,epitaph4 ,a most ghastly picture1 which should not be called a caricature1 yet is meant so to be1 is by ,gillray 7,july #bf1 #ahjc71 and is called #8,buonaparte forty-eight ,hours after ,landing6' ,a crowd of rural volunteers are assembled1 and one of them hoists the head of ,napoleon upon a pitchfork1 calling out #8,ha1 my little ,boney6 what do'st think of ,johnny ,bull1 now8 ,plunder ,old ,england6 hay8 make ,french slaves of us all6 hay8 ravish all our ,wives and ,daughters6 hay8 ,o ,lord1 help that silly ,head6 ,to think that ,johnny ,bull would ever suffer those lanthorn ,jaws to become ,king of ,old ,england ,roast ,beef and ,plum pudding4' ,whilst on the top of the engraving is inscribed1 #8,this is to give information for the benefit of all ,jacobin ,adventurers1 that ,policies are now open'd at ,lloyd's--where the depositer of ,one ,guinea is entitled to a ,hundred if the ,corsican ,cut throat is alive #dh ,hours after ,landing on the ,british ,coast4' ,illustration ,ansell also takes up this gruesome subject 7,august #f1 #ahjc7 in #8,after the ,invasion4 ,the ,leve en ,masse1 or ,britons ,strike ,home4' ,the ,french have landed1 but have been thoroughly defeated2 the ,british soldiers driving them bodily over the cliffs1 into the sea4 ,the women are plundering the dead1 but complain bitterly of the poverty of their spoil4 #8,why1 this is poor finding1 ,i have emptied the pockets of a score and only found garlic1 one head of an onion1 and a parcel of pill boxes4' ,a rural volunteer1 who has ,bonaparte's head on a pitchfork1 addresses two comrades thus3 #8,here he is exalted1 my ,lads1 #bd ,hours after ,landing4' ,says one of the countrymen1 #8,why1 ,harkee1 d'ye zee1 ,i never liked soldiering afore1 but1 somehow or other1 when ,i thought of our ,sal1 the bearns1 the poor ,cows1 and the ,geese1 why ,i could have killed the whole ,army1 my own self4' ,the other remarks1 #8,dang my ,buttons if that beant the head of that ,rogue ,boney--,i told our ,squire this morning1 ,what do you think1 says ,i1 the lads of our ,village can't cut up a ,regiment of them ,french ,mounseers8 and1 as soon as the ,lasses had given us a ,kiss for good luck1 ,i could have sworn we should do it1 and so we have4' ,of loyal and patriotic songs1 there are enough and to spare1 but one was very popular1 and therefore should be reproduced3-- ,,britons ,,to ,,arms666 ,written by ,,wm4 ,,thos4 ,,fitzgerald1 ,esqr41 ,and ,recited by him at the ,,annual ,,meeting of the ,,literary ,,fund1 at ,,greenwich4 #ad ,july1 #ahjc4 ,britons to ,arms6--of apathy beware1 ,and let your ,country be your dearest care2 ,protect your ,altars6 guard your ,monarch's throne1 ,the ,cause of ,,george and ,,freedom1 make your own6 ,what6 shall that ,england want her ,sons' support1 ,whose ,heroes fought at ,cressy--,agincourt8 ,and when great ,,marlborough led the ,english ,van1 ,in ,france1 o'er ,frenchmen triumphed to a man6 ,by ,,alfred',s great1 and ever honoured1 ,name6 ,by ,,edward',s prowess1 and by ,,henry',s fame6 ,by all the generous ,blood for ,freedom shed1 ,and by the ,ashes of the ,patriot ,dead6 ,by the bright ,glory ,britons lately won1 ,on ,egypt's ,plains1 beneath the burning ,sun6 ,britons to ,arms6 defend your ,country's ,cause1 ,fight for your ,king6 your ,liberties2 and ,laws6 ,be ,france defied1 her slavish yoke abhor'd1 ,and place your safety only on your ,sword4 ,the ,gallic ,despot1 sworn your mortal ,foe1 ,now aims his last1--but his most deadly blow2 ,with ,england's ,plunder tempts his hungry ,slaves1 ,and dares to brave you1 on your ,native ,waves6 ,if ,briton's right be worth a ,briton's care1 ,to shield them from the ,son of ,rapine--swear6 ,then to ,invasion be defiance giv'n-- ,your ,cause is just--approv'd by ,earth and ,heaven4 ,should adverse winds our gallant ,fleet restrain1 ,to sweep his #8bawbling#hc vessels' from the main2 ,and ,fate permit him on our ,shores t'advance-- ,the ,tyrant never shall return to ,france2 ,fortune1 herself1 shall be no more his friend1 ,and here the ,hist'ry of his ,crimes shall end-- ,his slaughter'd ,legions shall manure our shore1 ,and ,england never know ,invasion more4 ,this was the stilted sort of stuff given to our forefathers1 to inflame their patriotic zeal1 and this example is of good quality compared to most4 ,here is another one1 which ,i give1 as having the music1 published ,july #cj1 #ahjc3-- ,,britons ,,to ,,arms6 ,illustration3 ,music ,cheerly my hearts of cour - age true1 ,the hour's at hand to try your worth2 a glo - rious pe - ril waits for you1 ,and val - our pants to lead you forth4 ,the ,gal - lic fleet ap - - proaches nigh1 boys1 ,now some must conquer1 some must die1 boys2 ,but that ap - pals not you nor me1 ,for our watchword1 it shall be3 ,brit - ons strike home1 re- venge your coun-try's wrongs1 ,brit-ons strike home1 re - venge your country's wrongs4 #b4 ,undaunted ,britons now shall prove ,the ,frenchman's folly to invade ,our dearest rights1 our country's love1 ,our laws1 our freedom1 and our trade2 ,on our white cliffs our colours fly1 boys2 ,which we'll defend1 or bravely die1 boys2 ,for we are ,britons bold and free1 ,and our watchword it shall be ,britons strike home1 c4 #c4 ,the ,tyrant ,consul1 then too late1 ,dismayed shall mourn th' avenging blow ,yet vanquish'd1 meet the milder fate ,which mercy grants a fallen foe3 ,thus shall the ,british banners fly1 boys1 ,on ,albion's cliffs still rais'd on high1 boys1 ,and while the gallant flag we see1 ,we'll swear our watchword still shall be ,britons strike home1 c4 ,about the last caricature in this month was by ,i4 ,cruikshank1 who depicted ,napoleon 7,july #bh1 #ahjc7 as #8,preparing to invade4' ,he is pouring himself out a bumper1 and soliloquising1 #8,i must take a little ,dutch ,courage1 for ,i am sure ,i shall never attempt it in my sober senses6 ,besides1 when ,john ,bull catches me1 ,i can plead it was only a ,drunken ,frolick6 ,diable6 if ,i not go1 den all my ,soldiers call me one ,braggadocio1 and one ,coward1 and if ,i do1 begor1 dey vil shew me in the ,tower1 as one very ,great ,wild ,beast4' ,i4 ,cruikshank 7,july #bh1 #ahjc7 tells us #8,how to stop an invader4' ,napoleon1 and his army1 are represented as having landed1 and he is asking #8,which is the way to ,london8' ,a countryman replies1 giving emphasis to his words by driving his pitchfork deeply into the ,consul's breast1 #8,why1 thro' my ,body--but ,i'se be thro' yourn virst4' ,his wife1 as a type of what was expected of the women of ,england1 is emptying the offensive contents of a domestic utensil over him4 ,bulldogs are let loose1 and are rapidly making an end of their enemies1 in which laudable enterprise they are materially assisted by prize-fighters and carters4 ,the month of ,august was very fruitful in caricature1 for in that month1 and in ,september1 the ,invasion scare was at its height4 ,there was an immense amount of ,gasconading and ,braggadocio going about1 as senseless as it was improbable4 ,take this for example3 #8,the ,consequence of ,invasion1 or the ,hero's ,reward4 ,none but the brave deserve the fair4 ,the ,yeomanry ,cavalry's first ,essay' 7,ansell1 ,august #a1 #ahjc74 ,a stout yeoman is swaggering about1 with his sword drawn1 and carrying a pole1 on the top of which is ,bonaparte's head1 and1 lower down1 he grasps some fifteen or twenty bleeding heads of decapitated ,frenchmen4 ,he is saying1 #8,there1 you ,rogues1 there6 there's the ,boney parts of them4 ,twenty more2 ,killed them66 ,twenty more2 ,killed them too66 ,i have destroyed half the army with this same ,toledo4' ,women from all parts are coming to hug and caress him1 saying1 #8,bless the ,warrior that saved our ,virgin ,charms4' #8,ah6 bless him1 he has saved us from ,death and ,vileation4' #8,take care1 ,i'll smother him with kisses4' ,one lady says to a man1 not a ,volunteer3 #8,there you ,poltroon look how that ,noble ,hero's caressed6' whilst the poor wretch thus addressed exclaims1 #8,ods ,niggins1 ,i wish ,i had been a ,soldier too1 then the ,girls would have run after me1 but ,i never could bear the smell of ,gunpowder4' #8,john ,bull offering ,little ,boney fair play' is the title of one of ,gillray's pictures 7,august #b1 #ahjc71 and depicts the fortified coasts on both sides of the ,channel1 with ,john ,bull1 as a ,jack ,tar1 stripped to the waist for action4 ,he wades half across to hurl defiance at his foe4 #8,you're a coming8 ,you be d--d6 ,if you mean to invade us1 why make such a rout8 ,i say little ,boney1 why don't you come out8 yes1 d--n ye1 why don't ye come out8' ,meanwhile ,boney1 secure in his fortress1 and with his flotilla safe on shore1 looks over the parapet1 and says1 #8,i'm a coming6 ,i'm a coming666' ,illustration ,his epitaph was even obligingly written for him during his lifetime1 and here it is3-- ,,epitaph ,underneath a ,,gibbet1 over a ,,dunghill near ,,hastings1 close by the ,,sea ,,beach4 ,underneath this ,dunghill ,is all that remains of a mighty ,conqueror1 ,,napoleon ,,buonaparte4 ,who1 with inflexible ,cruelty of ,heart1 ,and unexampled depravity of ,mind1 ,was permitted to scourge the ,earth1 for a ,time1 ,with all the ,horrors of ,war3 ,too ignorant1 and incapable1 to do good to ,mankind1 ,the whole ,force of his ,mind was employed ,in oppressing the ,weak1 and plundering the ,industrious3 ,he was equally detested by all2 ,his enemies he butchered in cold ,blood2 ,and fearing to leave incomplete the ,catalogue of his ,crimes1 ,his friends he rewarded with a poison'd ,chalice4 ,he was an ,epitome ,of all that was vicious in the worst of ,tyrants2 ,he possess'd their ,cruelty1 without their ,talents2 ,their ,madness1 without their ,genius2 ,the ,baseness of one1 and the ,imbecility of another4 ,providence1 at last1 ,wearied out with his ,crimes1 ,returned him to the ,dunghill from which he sprung2 ,after having held him forth ,on the neighbouring ,gibbet1 ,as a ,scare-crow to the ,invaders of the ,british ,coast4 ,this ,beach1 ,the only ,spot in our ,isle polluted by his footsteps2 ,this ,dunghill ,all that remains to him of his boasted ,conquest4 ,briton6 ,ere you pass by ,kneel and thank thy ,god1 ,for all the ,blessings of thy glorious ,constitution2 ,then return unto the peaceful ,bosom of thy ,family1 and continue ,in the ,practice of those ,virtues1 ,by which thy ,ancestors ,merited the ,favor of the ,almighty4 ,i4 ,cruikshank1 in #8,johnny ,bull giving ,boney a ,pull' 7,august #g1 #ahjc71 brought out a caricature in which is graphically depicted the total annihilation of the ,french flotilla1 and ,john ,bull is dragging ,napoleon1 by a cord round his neck1 to a gallows1 surrounded by people waving their hats in token of joy4 ,napoleon1 not unnaturally1 hangs back1 remarking1 #8,ah6 ,misericordi6 ,ah6 ,misericordi6 ,jean ,bool1 ,jean ,bool1 hanging not good for ,frenchmen4' ,but ,john pulls along manfully1 exclaiming1 #8,i shant measure the ,cord1 you ,f----4 ,i am sure it is long enough for a dozen such ,fellows as you4' ,a picture by ,west 7,august #h1 #ahjc71 #8,resolutions in case of an ,invasion1' is divided into six compartments4 ,a tailor1 with his shears1 says1 #8,i'll trim his skirts for him4' ,a barber1 #8,i'll lather his wiskers4' ,an apothecary1 with a pestle and mortar1 #8,i'll pound him4' ,a cobbler1 #8,i'll strap his ,jacket4' ,a publican1 #8,i'll cool his ,courage in a pot of ,brown ,stout4' ,an epicure1 #8,i'll eat him4' ,the punishment1 for any attempt at invasion1 was prophesied as being his certain downfall1 and a nameless artist 7,august #ab1 #ahjc7 produced an engraving of #8,a rash attempt1 and woful downfall'--,bonaparte snatching at the ,british ,crown4 ,but as he climb'd to grasp the ,crown1 ,she knock'd him with the ,scepter down1 ,he tumbled in the ,gulph profound1 ,there doom'd to whirl an endless ,round4 ,britannia is represented as standing on a cliff1 with a crown upraised in her left hand1 and a sceptre in her right4 ,napoleon is shewn as tumbling into the infernal regions1 to the great joy of attendant demons4 #8,observations upon ,stilts' is by an unknown artist 7,august #ab1 #ahjc71 and represents ,bonaparte upon a huge pair of stilts4 ,he is looking1 over to ,england1 through a telescope1 and is saying1 #8,how very diminutive everything appears from this astonishing elevation4 ,who is that little man1 ,i wonder1 on the ,island1 the other side the ditch8 he seems to be watching my motions4' ,john ,bull1 the person referred to1 is also using his telescope1 exclaiming1 #8,why surely that can't be ,bonny1 perch'd up in that manner4 ,rabbit him6 if he puts one of his ,poles across here1 ,i'll soon lighten his timbers4' ,,chapter ,,xxxiii4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 continued--#8,,harlequin ,,invasion'--#8,,bob ,,rousem',s ,,epistle'--,,napoleon',s ,,tour ,,to ,,belgium4 #8,harlequin ,invasion' is by ,west 7,august #ab1 #ahjc74 ,napoleon is a ,harlequin1 and points with his wooden sword #8,invincible' to ,great ,britain1 which is surrounded by goodly ships of war4 ,pantaloon1 as the ,pope1 typifying ,italy1 lies dead1 and ,holland1 dressed as a ,pierrot1 does not relish the command of his master1 who tells him1 #8,as ,pantaloon is no more1 ,i insist on your joining me to invade that little island4' ,poor ,holland replies1 #8,d--m me--if ,i do1 ,master--for ,i don't like the look of their little ships--can't you let me be at quiet--whisking me here1 and there1 and everywhere4' #a4 ,ladies and ,gentlemen1 to day ,with scenes adapted to th' occasion ,a ,grand new ,pantomime we play1 ,entitled--,harlequin's ,invasion4 #b4 ,no comic ,pantomime before ,could ever boast such tricks surprising2 ,the ,hero capers ,europe o'er1 ,but hush6 behold the ,curtain rising4 #c4 ,and first that little ,isle survey1 ,where sleeps a ,peasant boy1 so hearty2 ,that little ,isle is ,corsica1 ,that peasant boy is ,bonaparte4 #d4 ,now lightnings flash and thunders roar1 ,dmons of witchcraft hover o'er him2 ,and rising thro' the stage trap door1 ,an evil genius stands before him4 #e4 ,his arms in solemn state are cross'd1 ,his voice appalls th' amaz'd beholders2 ,his head in circling clouds is lost1 ,and crimson pinions shade his shoulders4 #f4 ,mortal1 awake6 the phantom cries1 ,and burst the bonds of fear asunder6 ,my name is ,anarchy2 arise6 ,thy future fortunes teem with wonder4 #g4 ,to spread my reign the earth around1 ,here take this sword1 whose magic pow'r1 ,shall sense1 and right1 and wrong confound1 ,and work new wonders ev'ry hour4 #h4 ,throw off that peasant garb1 begin ,t' assume the party colour'd rover1 ,and1 as a sprightly ,harlequin1 ,trip1 lightly trip1 all ,europe over4 #i4 ,he spoke1 and instant to the view ,begins the curious transformation2 ,his mask assumes a sable hue1 ,his dress a pantomimic fashion4 #aj4 ,now round the ,stage1 in gaudy pride ,capers the renovated varlet1 ,shakes the lath weapon at his side1 ,and shines in blue1 and white1 and scarlet4 #aa4 ,high on a rock1 his cunning eye ,surveys half ,europe at a glance2 ,fat ,holland1 fertile ,italy1 ,old ,spain1 and gay1 regenerate ,france4 #ab4 ,he strikes1 with wooden sword1 the earth1 ,which heaves with motion necromantic2 ,the nations own a second birth1 ,and trace his steps with gestures antic4 #ac4 ,the ,pope prepares for war1 but soon ,all pow'rful ,harlequin disarms him1 ,and changing into ,pantaloon1 ,each motion frets1 each noise alarms him4 #ad4 ,with trembling haste he seeks to join ,his daughter ,gallia1 lovely rover6 ,but she1 transform'd to ,columbine1 ,her father scorns1 and seeks her lover4 #ae4 ,the ,dutchman next his magic feels1 ,chang'd to the ,clown1 he hobbles after2 ,blund'ring pursues the light of heels1 ,convulsing friends and foes with laughter4 #af4 ,but all their various deeds of sin1 ,what mortal man has ever reckon'd8 ,the mischief plann'd by ,harlequin1 ,fair ,columbine is sure to second4 #ag4 ,they quickly kill poor ,pantaloon1 ,and now our drama's plot grows riper1 ,when e'er they frisk it to some tune1 ,the ,clown is forc'd to pay the piper4 #ah4 ,each foreign land he dances through1 ,in some new garb behold the ,hero1 ,pagan and ,christian1 ,turk and ,jew1 ,cromwell1 ,caligula and ,nero4 #ai4 ,a ,butcher1 ,harlequin appears1 ,the rapid scene to ,egypt flying1 ,o'er captive ,turks his steel up rears1 ,the stage is strew'd with dead and dying4 #bj4 ,next by the crafty genius taught1 ,sportive he tries ,sangrado's trick1 ,presents a bowl1 with poison fraught1 ,and kills his own unconscious sick4 #ba4 ,hey pass6 he's back to ,europe flown1 ,his hostile foll'wers disappointed3 ,kicks five old women from the throne1 ,and dubs himself the ,lord's ,anointed4 #bb4 ,in close embrace with ,columbine1 ,pass1 gaily pass1 the flying hours2 ,while prostrate at their blood stained ,shrine1 ,low bow the ,european powers4 #bc4 ,touch'd by his sword1 the morals fly1 ,the virtues1 into vices dwindling1 ,courage is turn'd to cruelty1 ,and public faith1 to private swindling4 #bd4 ,with ,atheist ,bishops1 ,jockey ,peers1 ,his hurly burly ,court is graced2 ,contractors1 ,brewers1 ,charioteers1 ,mad ,lords1 and ,duchesses disgraced4 #be4 ,and now th' ,invasion scene comes on2 ,the patch'd and pyeball'd renegado1 ,hurls at ,britannia's lofty throne ,full many an ,insolent bravado4 #bf4 ,the trembling ,clown dissuades in vain ,and finds too late1 there's no retreating1 ,whatever ,harlequin may gain1 ,the ,clown is sure to have a beating4 #bg4 ,they tempt the main1 the canvas raise1 ,a storm destroys his valiant legions2 ,and lo6 our closing scene displays ,a grand view of th' infernal regions4 #bh4 ,thus have we1 gentlefolks1 to day1 ,with pains proportion'd to th' occasion1 ,our piece perform'd3 then further say1 ,how like you ,harlequin's ,invasion8 ,,bob ,,rousem',s ,,epistle ,,to ,,bonypart4 ,this comes hoping you are well1 as ,i am at this present2 but ,i say1 ,bony1 what a damn'd ,lubber you must be to think of getting soundings among us ,english4 ,i tell ye as how your ,anchor will never hold2 it isn't made of good ,stuff1 so luff up1 ,bony1 or you'll be fast aground before you know where you are4 ,we don't mind your ,palaver and ,nonsense2 for tho' 'tis all ,wind1 it would hardly fill the ,stun' sails of an ,english ,man of ,war4 ,you'll never catch a ,breeze to bring ye here as long as you live1 depend upon it4 ,i'll give ye a ,bit of ,advice now2 do try and ,lie as near the ,truth as possible1 and don't give us any more of your ,clinchers4 ,i say1 do you remember how ,nelson came round ye at the ,nile8 ,i tell ye what1 if you don't take ,care what you are about1 you'll soon be afloat in a way you won't like1 in a ,high ,sea1 upon a ,grating1 my ,boy1 without a bit of soft ,tommy to put into your lanthorn jaws4 ,i tell you now1 how we shall fill up the ,log-,book if you come2 ,i'll give ye the ,journal1 my ,boy1 with an ,allowance for ,lee way and ,variation that you don't expect4 ,now then1 at ,five ,a4,m4 ,bonypart's ,cock-,boats sent out to amuse our ,,english ,,men-,,of-,,war with fighting1 7that we like74 ,six ,a4,m4 ,bonypart lands1 7that is1 if he can72 then we begin to blow the ,grampus2 ,seven ,a4,m4 ,bonypart in a ,pucker2 ,eight ,a4,m4 ,bonypart running away2 ,nine ,a4,m4 ,bonypart on board2 ,ten a4m4 ,bonypart sinking2 ,eleven a4m4 ,bonypart in ,davy's locker2 ,meridian1 ,bonypart in the ,north ,corner of ----1 where it burns and freezes at the same time2 but you know1 any port in a storm1 ,bony1 so there ,i'll leave ye4 ,now you know what you have to expect2 so you see you can't say ,i didn't tell ye4 ,come1 ,i'll give ye a ,toast3 ,here's ,hard ,breezes and ,foul ,weather to ye1 my ,boy1 in your ,passage2 here's ,may you be ,sea ,sick2 we'll soon make ye ,sick of the ,sea2 ,here's1 ,may you never have a ,friend here1 or a ,bottle to give him4 ,and to conclude3 ,here's the ,french ,flag where it ought to be1 under the ,,english4 his ,bob ,rousem4 mark ,p4,s4 ,you see as ,i coudn't write1 our ,captain's ,clerk put the ,lingo into black and white for me1 and says he'll charge it to you4 ,woodward 7,august #ac1 #ahjc7 illustrated a very amusing little ballad4 ,the picture is simple4 ,napoleon1 as usual1 with an enormous cocked hat and sword4 ,john ,bull1 of ample rotundity1 with his oaken cudgel4 ,it is called #8,john ,bull and ,bonaparte66 to the tune of the ,blue ,bells of ,scotland4 ,when1 and ,o when1 does this little ,boney come8 ,perhaps he'll come in ,august1 perhaps he'll stay at home2 ,but it's ,o in my heart1 how ,i'll hide him should he come4 ,where1 and ,o where1 does this little ,boney dwell8 ,his birth-place is in ,corsica--but ,france he likes so well1 ,that it's ,o the poor ,french1 how they crouch beneath his spell4 ,what cloathes1 and what cloathes1 does this little ,boney wear8 ,he wears a large cock'd hat1 for to make the people stare2 ,but it's ,o my oak stick6 ,i'd advise him to take care6 ,what shall be done1 should this little ,boney die8 ,nine cats shall squall his dirge1 in sweet melodious cry2 ,and it's ,o in my heart1 if a tear shall dim my eye6 ,yet still he boldly brags1 with consequence full cramm'd1 ,on ,england's happy island his legions he will land2 ,but it's ,o in my heart1 if he does1 may ,i be d--d4' ,in ,june of this year1 ,bonaparte1 and ,josephine1 took a tour into ,belgium1 and the ,ctes du ,nord4 ,what it was like1 cannot better be told than in the words of ,de ,bourrienne4 #8,bonaparte left ,paris on ,june #c3 and1 although it was not for upwards of a year afterwards1 that his brow was encircled with the imperial diadem1 everything connected with the journey1 had an imperial air4 ,it was formerly the custom1 when the kings of ,france entered the ancient capital of ,picardy1 for the town of ,amiens to offer them1 in homage1 some beautiful swans4 ,care was taken to revive this custom1 which pleased ,bonaparte greatly1 because it was treating him like a king4 ,the swans were accepted1 and sent to ,paris1 to be placed in the basin of the ,tuileries1 in order to show the ,parisians1 the royal homage which the ,first ,consul received1 when absent from the ,capital4' ,so it was all through his progress4 ,the caricature here described is1 of course1 exaggerated1 but it shows the feeling which animated the popular breast on this particular journey4 #8,boney at ,brussels' is by ,i4 ,cruikshank 7,august #ad1 #ahjc71 and here he is represented seated on a throne1 with a ,mameluke1 armed with sword and pistol1 on each side of him4 ,he is provided with a huge fork in each hand1 with which he is greedily feeding himself from dishes provided in the most humble and abject manner by all kinds of great dignitaries4 ,he has his mouth full of an #8,address to the ,deified ,consul4' ,the next morsel1 which is on one of the forks1 is #8,to the ,grand ,consular ,deity1' and the other fork is dug well into #8,we burn with desire to lick the ,dust of your ,deified feet4' ,a prelate begs him to #8,accept the ,keys of ,heaven and ,hell2' and other dishes are labelled #8,act of ,submission1' #8,your most abject ,slave1 ,terror of ,france1' and #8,the ,idol of our ,hearts1 ,livers1 ,lights1 ,guts1 and ,garbage1 ,souls and all4' #8,john ,bull out of all ,patience66' is by ,roberts 7,august #af1 #ahjc71 and represents him in a ,cavalry uniform1 and a most towering rage1 astride of the ,british ,lion1 which is swimming across to ,france4 ,he is shouting out1 #8,i'll be after you1 my lads--do you think ,i'll stay at home waiting for you8 ,if you mean to come1 d--n it1 why don't you come8 do you think ,i put on my regimentals for nothing8' ,boney and his army are running away1 the former calling out #8,dat is right my brave ,friends1 take to your heels1 for here is dat dam ,jean ,bool coming over on his ,lion4' ,the subjoined illustration also does duty for #8,the ,sorrows of ,boney1 or ,meditations in the ,island of ,elba1 ,april1 #ae1 #ahad1' but1 having priority1 it appears here as3-- #8,,crocodile',s ,,tears ,,or ,,bonaparte',s ,,lamentation ,a ,,new ,,song4 ,tune #8,bow1 wow1 wow4' ,by gar1 this ,johnny ,bull--be a very cunning elf1 ,sir1 ,he by de ,arts and ,commerce thrive1 and so he gain de pelf1 ,sir2 ,but he no let us rob de land--or else1 with naval thunder1 ,he'll send dat lion bold1 ,jack ,tar1 and make us all strike under4 ,lack1 ,lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,by gar1 de ,british ,bulvarks be--a very grand annoyance1 ,i'm told1 against all ,,europe join'd1 they've often dar'd defiance6 ,then what can ,france and ,holland do8 ,by gar1 dat day me rue1 ,sir1 ,when ,i de peaceful ,treaty broke--to ,england prov'd untrue1 ,sir4 ,lack1 lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,and then1 when in von passion thrown1 by gar1 ,i took occasion1 ,to shew de ,gasconade de ,france6 and threat them with ,invasion6 ,john ,bull1 he made at me de scoff1 and call'd me ,gasconader1 ,by gar1 me find he ne'er will flinch--from any ,french ,invader6 ,lack1 lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,and now1 what vex me worse than all1 ,john ,bull prepare for war1 ,sir1 ,for1 fraught with vengeance1 he send out that valiant dog1 ,jack ,tar1 ,sir1 ,by gar1 he sweep de ,channel clean1 and den he mar our sport1 ,sir1 ,he either take de ships of ,france1 or block them in de port1 ,sir1 ,lack1 lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,this spoil'd my scheme for sending troops from ,gallia's shore to ,dover1 ,so then1 by gar1 me send them off1 and then they took ,hanover2 ,but1 for to ratify the terms1 th' ,,elector did not choose1 ,sir1 ,because1 ,i'm told1 the ,british ,king1 to sign them did refuse1 ,sir4 ,lack1 lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,o6 next ,i make more gasconade1 and then most loudly boast1 ,sir1 ,that ,i would send flat-bottom'd boats1 and soon invade de coast1 ,sir1 #8,that all the men in arms ,i found1 by gar1 ,i'd take their lives1 ,sir1 ,and put to sword the ,britons all1 their children1 and their wives1 ,sir666' ,lack1 lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,i found my boasting threats are vain1 for now1 all ranks1 by gar1 ,sir1 ,from fifteen1 up to fifty-five1 are all prepar'd for war1 ,sir1 ,they swear1 #8no ,gallic yoke they'll bear1 or ,corsican's proud sting1 ,sir1 ,but1 bravely for their ,freedom fight1 their ,country1 and their ,king6 ,sir4' ,lack1 lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,and then they talk of warlike deeds--of ,edward the ,black ,prince1 ,sir1 ,and how their ,harries fought of old--true courage to evince1 ,sir1 ,in modern times1 a ,nelson brave6 and ,abercrombie's fame1 ,sir1 ,o'er ,gallia's fleets and armies too1 have spread eternal shame1 ,sir4 ,lack1 lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,by gar1 me always thought1 till now1 ,i was a mighty ,hero6 ,but then1 ,i'm told1 the people say1 me cruel was as ,nero1 ,because three thousand ,turks ,i slew1 they say ,i was to blame1 ,sir1 ,as also when at ,jaffa ,i--did poison sick and lame1 ,sir4 ,lack1 lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,by gar1 ,i find my ardor fail1 and all my courage cool1 ,sir1 ,de ,world confess ,i am de knave--de ,english call me fool1 ,sir2 ,hard fate6 alas1 that ,i am both6 my heart1 of grief1 is full1 ,sir1 ,by gar1 me wish ,i was at peace6 with honest ,johnny ,bull6 ,sir4 ,lack1 lack a day1 fal lal1 c4 ,illustration ,,chapter ,,xxxiv4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 continued--,,the ,,bottle ,,conjuror--,,pidcock',s ,,menagerie4 ,in order to understand the next caricature1 it is necessary to go back to ,january #af1 #agdi1 when a famous hoax was played on the public4 ,the #8,gentleman's ,magazine' for that month says1 #8,a person advertised that he would1 this evening1 at the ,theatre in the ,hay-market1 play on a common walking cane the music of every instrument now used1 to surprising perfection2 that he would1 on the stage1 get into a tavern quart bottle1 without equivocation2 and while there1 sing several songs1 and suffer any spectator to handle the bottle2 that1 if any spectator should come mask'd1 he would1 if requested1 declare who they were2 that1 in a private room1 he would produce the representation of any person dead1 with which the party requesting it could converse some minutes as if alive1 c4' ,the bait took1 and the theatre was crowded3 patience was exhausted1 and some one in the pit calling out that #8,for double prices1 the conjurer will go into a pint bottle1' an uproar began1 which ended in the wreckage of the house1 which was made into a bonfire outside1 and the carrying off of the treasury4 ,with this introduction we can the better understand #8,britannia blowing up the ,corsican ,bottle-,conjurer1' by ,i4 ,cruikshank 7,august #ag1 #ahjc71 which represents ,napoleon being violently ejected into the air1 in an extremely disorganised condition1 from the mouth of a bottle which is labelled #8,british ,spirits composed of ,true ,liberty1 ,courage1 ,loyalty and ,religion1' and in which is seated ,britannia1 helmed1 and armed with spear and shield4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,corsican ,,moth6 ,woodward designed #8,the ,corsican ,moth' 7,august #bb1 #ahjc71 which1 flying towards the candle1 exclaims3 #8,it is a very fierce flame2 ,i am afraid ,i shall singe my wings6' ,george ,,iii4 consoles himself with3 #8,thou little contemptible insect1 ,i shall see thee consumed by-and-by4' ,illustration3 ,,the ,,handwriting ,,on ,,the ,,wall4 ,this very vivid caricature explains itself4 ,the ,french ,court are consuming all the good things to be got by the invasion of ,england in anticipation1 when the fearful #8,mene1 ,mene1 ,tekel ,upharsin1' the mystic handwriting on the wall1 appears4 ,napoleon is in consternation1 but his wife and the assembled guests do not seem to notice it4 ,josephine is here1 as generally1 depicted as being very fat4 ,she was not so at this time1 nor for some time after4 ,madame ,junot says3 #8,i observed that ,josephine had grown very stout since the time of my departure from ,spain4 ,this change was at once for the better and the worse4 ,it imparted a more youthful appearance to her face2 but her elegant and slender figure1 which had been one of her principal attractions1 had entirely disappeared4 ,she was now decidedly embonpoint1 and her figure had assumed that matronly air which we find in the statues of ,agrippina1 ,cornelia1 c4' ,the three ladies behind her chair are supposed to represent ,pauline1 who was afterwards the ,princess ,borghese1 the ,princess ,louise1 and the ,princess ,joseph ,bonaparte4 #8,a ,knock ,down blow in the ,ocean1 or ,bonaparte taking ,french leave1' is by some unknown artist 7,august #bd1 #ahjc74 ,john ,bull1 stripped to the waist in true pugilistic style1 has encountered ,bonaparte in the ,channel1 and1 with one well-directed blow1 has sunk him1 leaving only his hat and boots to tell the tale4 ,with great satisfaction the old man says3 #8,there1 my lad1 ,i think that blow will settle the business4 ,d--n me1 he is gone in such a hurry he has left his hat and spurs behind him4' ,the ,english give ringing cheers3 #8,john ,bull for ever6 ,huzza6 ,huzza6 ,bravo6 ,bravo6' ,but the ,french look very rueful1 and1 wringing their hands and weeping1 exclaim3 #8,ah6 misericorde1 pauvre ,bonaparte4 ,o dat ,terrible ,jean ,bool4' ,,an ,,invasion ,,sketch4 ,if there be one ,person so lost to all ,love for his ,country1 and the ,british ,constitution1 as to suppose that his ,person or his ,property1 his ,rights and his ,freedom1 would be respected under a ,foreign ,yoke1 let him contemplate the following ,picture--not ,overcharged1 but drawn from ,scenes afforded by every ,country3 ,italy1 ,holland1 ,switzerland1 ,germany1 ,spain1 ,hanover1 which has been exposed to the ,miseries of a ,french ,invasion4 ,,london1 #aj ,thermidor--,year----4 ,general ,,bonaparte made his public entrance into the capital1 over ,london ,bridge1 upon a charger from his ,,britannic ,,majesty',s ,stables at ,hanover1 preceded by a detachment of ,mamelukes4 ,he stopped upon the bridge for a few seconds1 to survey the number of ships in the river2 and1 beckoning to one of his ,aid-de-camps1 ordered the ,french flags to be hoisted above the ,english--the ,english sailors on board1 who attempted to resist the execution of this order1 were bayonetted1 and thrown overboard4 ,when he came to the ,bank1 he smiled with complaisance upon a detachment of ,french grenadiers1 who had been sent to load all the bullion in waggons1 which had previously been put in requisition by the ,prefect of ,london1 ,citizen ,,mengaud1 for the purpose of being conveyed to ,france4 ,the ,directors of the ,bank were placed under a strong guard of ,french soldiers1 in the ,bank parlour4 ,from the ,bank1 the ,,first ,,consul proceeded1 in grand procession1 along ,cheapside1 ,st4 ,paul's1 ,ludgate ,hill1 ,fleet ,street1 and the ,strand1 to ,st4 ,james's ,palace4 ,he there held a grand ,circle1 which was attended by all his officers1 whose congratulations he received upon his entrance into the ,capital of these once proud islanders4 ,,bonaparte1 previous to his arrival1 appointed two ,prefects1 one for ,london1 and one for ,westminster4 ,citizen ,,mengaud1 late ,commissary at ,calais1 is the ,prefect of ,london1 and ,citizen ,,rapp1 of ,westminster4 ,he also nominated ,citizen ,fouch to the office of ,minister of ,police4 ,the ,mansion-house has been selected for the residence of the ,prefect of ,london1 and ,northumberland ,house for the residence of the ,prefect of ,westminster4 ,as it has been deemed necessary to have the ,minister of ,police always near the person of the ,,first ,,consul1 ,marlborough ,house has been given to ,citizen ,fouch4 ,lodgings have been prepared elsewhere1 for the late owners of that splendid ,palace4 ,london was ordered to be illuminated1 and detachments of ,french ,dragoons paraded the principal streets1 and squares1 all night4 #aa ,thermidor4 ,,bonaparte1 at five o'clock in the morning1 reviewed the ,french ,troops on the ,esplanade at the ,horse ,guards4 ,a ,council was afterwards held1 at which the following ,proclamations were drawn up1 and ordered to be posted in every part of the ,city3 ,,by ,,order ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,consul4 ,,proclamation4 ,st4 ,james's ,palace4 ,inhabitants of ,london1 be tranquil4 ,the ,hero1 the ,pacificator1 is come among you4 ,his moderation1 and his mercy1 are too well known to you4 ,he delights in restoring peace and liberty to all mankind4 ,banish all alarms4 ,pursue your usual occupations4 ,put on the habit of joy and gladness4 ,the ,,first ,,consul orders1 ,that all the ,inhabitants of ,london and ,westminster remain in their own houses for three days4 ,that no molestation shall be offered to the measures which the ,french ,soldiers will be required to execute4 ,all persons disobeying these ,orders1 will be immediately carried before the ,minister of ,police4 7signed7 ,,bonaparte4 ,the ,minister of ,police ,,fouch4 ,,proclamation ,to the ,french ,soldiers4 ,soldiers6 ,,bonaparte has led you to the ,shores1 and the ,capital of this proud island4 ,he promised to reward his brave companions in arms4 ,he promised to give up the ,capital of the ,british ,empire to pillage4 ,brave ,comrades take your reward4 ,london1 the second ,carthage1 is given up to pillage for three days4 7signed7 ,,bonaparte4 ,the ,minister of ,war1 par interim ,,angereau4 ,the acclamations of the ,french soldiery--,vive ,bonaparte--le ,heros--le ,pacificateur--le ,magnanime--resound through every street4 #abth1 #acth1 #adth1 ,thermidor4 ,,london ,,pillaged6 ,the doors of private houses forced4 ,bands of drunken soldiers dragging wives1 and daughters1 from the arms of husbands1 and fathers4 ,many husbands1 who had the temerity to resist1 butchered in the presence of their ,children--,flames seen in a hundred different places1 bursting from houses which had been set fire to1 by the vivacity of the troops4 ,churches broken open1 and the ,church plate plundered--,the pews and altars converted into stabling--,four ,bishops murdered1 who had taken refuge in ,westminster ,abbey--,the screams of women1 and of children1 mix with the cries of the soldiers--,vive la ,republique6 ,vive ,bonaparte6 ,st4 ,martin's ,church converted into a dept for the property acquired by the pillage of the soldiery4 #ae ,thermidor4 ,a proclamation published by the ,,first ,,consul1 promising protection to the inhabitants4 ,the houses of the principal ,nobility and ,gentry1 appropriated to the use of the ,french ,generals4 ,every house is required to furnish so many rations of bread and meat for the troops4 ,at a ,council of ,state1 presided over by ,,bonaparte1 the two ,houses of ,parliament are solemnly abolished1 and ordered to be replaced by a ,senate1 and a ,council of ,state4 ,general ,,massena appointed ,provisional ,president of the former1 and ,general ,,dessolles of the latter4 ,the ,courts of ,law are directed to discontinue their sittings1 and are replaced by ,military tribunals4 #af ,thermidor4 ,a contribution of twenty millions ordered to be levied upon ,london4 ,a deputation was sent to ,,bonaparte to represent the impossibility of complying with the demand1 the ,bank and the ,capital having been pillaged4 ,after waiting in the ante-chamber of the ,consul for four hours1 the deputation are informed by a ,mameluke guard1 that ,,bonaparte will not see them4 ,two hundred of the principal citizens ordered to be imprisoned till the contribution is paid4 #ag ,thermidor4 ,a plot discovered by ,,fouch against the ,,first ,,consul1 and three hundred1 supposed to be implicated in it1 sent to the ,tower4 ,insurrections in different parts of the ,capital1 on account of the excesses of the soldiers1 and the contribution of twenty millions4 ,cannon planted at all the principal avenues1 and a heavy fire of grape-shot kept up against the insurgents4 ,lords ,,nelson1 ,,st4 ,,vincent1 and ,,duncan1 ,messrs4 ,,addington1 ,,pitt1 ,,sheridan1 ,,grey1 twenty ,peers and ,commons1 among the latter is ,sir ,,sidney ,,smith1 tried by the ,military tribunals1 for having been concerned in the insurrection against ,france1 and sentenced to be shot4 ,sentence was immediately carried into execution in ,hyde ,park4 #ag ,thermidor4 ,the ,dock-yards ordered to send all the timber1 hemp1 anchors1 masts1 c41 to ,france4 ,the relations of the ,british sailors at sea1 sent to prison till the ships are brought into port1 and placed at the disposal of the ,french4 ,detachments dispatched to the different ,counties to disarm the people4 ,the ,island ordered to be divided into departments1 and military divisions--the name of ,london to be changed for ,bona-part-opolis--and the appellation of the country to be altered from ,great ,britain1 to that of ,la ,france insulaire--,edinburgh to take the name of ,lucien ville--,dublin1 that of ,massen-opolis4 ,,britons6 can this be endured8--,shall we suffer ourselves thus to be parcelled off8--,i hear you one and all say1 ,no6 ,no6 ,no6--,to your ,tents1 ,o ,israel6--for ,,britons ,,never ,,will ,,be ,,slaves4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,pidcock',s ,,grand ,,menagerie1 ,with an exact representation of ,,buonaparte1 ,,the ,,little ,,corsican ,,monkey1 ,as he may probably appear at the above ,receptacle of ,foreign ,curiosities1 on1 or before1 ,christmas #ahjc4 ,ladies and ,gemmen6 ,this surprising ,animal was taken by ,admiral ,,john ,,bull1 of the ,,true ,,briton1 one of his ,majesty's principal ,line of ,battle ,ships4 ,he possesses the ,cunning of the ,fox1 the ,rapacity of the ,wolf1 the bloodthirsty ,nater of the ,hyena1 the tender ,feelings of the ,crocodile1 and the ,obstinacy of an ,ass4 ,he has rambled over several parts of the world1 where he played a number of wicked and ridiculous ,tricks1 particularly in ,egypt2 there he had like to have been nabbed by ,sir ,sidney ,smith1 but contrived to steal away to ,france1 where1 after a ,time1 exerting all the bad ,qualities he possesses1 he so far got the better of his own species as to reign ,king ,paramount over ,thirty ,millions of poor deceived ,monkeys4 #8,come1 come1 ,jacko2 don't look ,melancholy1 you shall have your ,gruel with a ,crust in it presently4' ,ladies and ,gemmen1 if ,i was to quit him an ,instant1 he would play a thousand figaries2 break all your ,crockery1 drink up your ,wine1 play the ,devil and ,doctor ,faustus with your ,wives and ,darters2 eat your ,provisions1 steal your ,goods and ,chattels1 and commit more ,mischief here1 than he did in ,egypt4 ,he's of unbounded ,ambition1 and1 by some fortunate ,strokes of good ,luck1 more than by his ,abilities1 proved very successful in his ,deceptions2 but this ,luck was not to last for ever4 ,puf't up1 as full as a blown bladder1 with conceit1 he thought he coud conquer the four ,quarters of the ,globe3 when1 sailing with a party of large ,baboons1 who were called his body ,guard1 he stole1 one dark ,night1 out of ,boulogne ,harbour1 to make an attack1 and seize the ,island of ,great ,britain2 where he assured his ,companions of immense ,wealth by their ,plunders4 ,but ,admiral ,,bull coming up with him by break of day1 when he was half ,seas over1 gave them a ,broad ,side1 and woud have sunk them outright2 but seeing the ,crew were nothing but a ,collection of miserable1 deluded1 poor1 ,brutes1 he turned them adrift1 and only seized their ,leader to shew him as a ,curiosity4#hd ,illustration ,a suggestion was made that two could play at the game of ,invasion1 and #8,john ,bull landed in ,france' is a caricature by ,west 7,august #bi1 #ahjc74 ,he is in cavalry uniform1 and1 mounted on his lion1 is pursuing the ,french troops1 who1 bestriding frogs1 are in full flight4 ,the terrible old man roars out1 #8,d--m me1 but ,i'll put your ,cavalry to the hop--,i only wish ,i could find out your ,commander4' ,but ,boney is looking out of a cottage chimney1 remarking1 #8,mercy on me1 what a terrible fellow4 ,i think ,i am tolerably safe here6' ,west 7,august1 #ahjc7 describes the #8,three plagues of ,europe4' ,bonaparte figures as #8,the ,turberlent ,mr4 ,fightall'2 ,pitt as #8,the ,honourable ,mr4 ,taxall'2 and the ,devil as #8,the ,worshipful ,mr4 ,takeall4' ,,chapter ,,xxxv4 ,,invasion ,,squibs ,,and ,,caricatures1 continued4 ,,song4 ,,the ,,invasion4 ,come listen every ,lord and ,lady1 #8,squire1 ,gentleman1 and ,statesman1 ,i've got a little ,song to sing1 ,about a very great ,man6 ,and1 if the ,name of ,,bonaparte ,should mingle in my ,story1 ',tis with all due submission ,t' his ,honour's ,worship's ,glory4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,the kindness of this philanthropic ,gentleman extending1 ,from ,shore to ,shore1 ,colossus like1 ,their grievances amending1 ,to ,britain would reach1 if he could1 ,from fancied ,ills to save ye2 ,but tho' he likes us vastly well1 ,he does not like our ,navy6 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,with ,egypt1 once1 he fell in ,love1 ,because it was the high ,road1 ,to ,india1 for himself and friends ,to travel by a nigh ,road2 ,and after making mighty ,fuss1 ,and fighting ,day and ,night there1 ',twas vastly ungenteel of us1 ,who would not let him stay there4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,a ,nobleman was sent to him1 ,for ,negotiation able1 ,and ,bonaparte kindly set ,him down at his own ,table1 ,and in a ,story1 two ,hours long1 ,the ,gentleman was heard in1 ,whilst our ,ambassador declar'd ,he could not get a word in4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,with ,belles and ,beaux the drawing-room ,one morning it was quite full1 ,and ,,bona1 like a ,bantam cock1 ,came crowing rather spiteful2 ,he then began to huff and bluff1 ,to show that ,war his ,trade is2 ,he scolded all the ,englishmen1 ,and frighten'd all the ,ladies666 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,from ,malta1 next1 he took his ,text1 ,my ,lord look'd rather blue on 't2 ,for every ,trick the ,consul had1 ,my ,lord had one worth two on 't2 ,why1 ,gen'ral1 says he1 ',sdeath and ,fire1 ,unless you cease these ,capers1 ,they'll publish every word you say ,in all the ,english ,papers4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,my ,lord1 says he1 you needs must see1 ,i pity ,british ,blindness1 ,and wish to open all your ,eyes1 ,out of pure ,love and ,kindness1 ,to make a generous ,people free1 ,my ,legions shall pell mell come1 ,what think you then8--,why1 ,sir1 ,i think ,they'd be more free than welcome4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,when ,i come o'er1 ,i'll make all ,britons ,live in perfect bliss1 ,sir1 ,i'm sure they will receive me just ,as kindly as the ,swiss1 ,sir4 ,the ,odds an hundred are to one ,i fail1 tho' ,fortune's ,minion4 ,says our ,ambassador to him1 ,i'm quite of your opinion4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,my ,lord1 says he1 ,i'll take the ,field4 ,you'd better take the ,ocean4 ,my plans are deep4--,why1 yes1 they'll reach ,the ,bottom1 ,i've a ,notion4 ,what would the ,english think to see ,me 'twixt ,boulogne and ,dover8 ,why1 ,general1 they'd surely think ,your ,worship half seas over6 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,your ,government ,i'll tame1 says he1 ,since ,war you are so fond on2 ,i've got my will in ,paris here1 ,and wish the same in ,london2 ,i'll rule your great ,john ,bull6 says he1 ,i have him in the ,ring1 ,sir4-- ,says ,john1 ,i'll not be rul'd by you1 ,nor any such a ,thing1 ,sir4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,then bring my ,flag1 invincible1 ,a ,scot took it long ago1 ,sir4 ,for now ,i think1 your ships ,i'll sink1 ,and never strike a ,blow1 ,sir1 ,a clever ,man has found a plan1 ,a plan he's surely right in1 ,for if you beat the ,british ,fleet1 ,it must not be at ,fighting4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,quite frantic now1 he vows ,revenge1 ,the ,moment that he's landed1 ,and proudly boasts1 we cannot hope ,to fight him single handed4 ,what1 single handed1 we can do1 ,his troops shall know full well soon2 ,for him1 he learn'd it long ago1 ,from single handed ,nelson4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,now1 since their ,minds are quite made up1 ,let me on this ,occasion1 ,make one request to ,neptune3 ,should ,they dream of an ,invasion2 ,to bring them safely out of ,port1 ,on gentle ,billows guide them1 ,to where a set of ,british ,boys ,may anchor close beside them4 ,bow1 wow1 wow1 c4 ,reference is made to ,napoleon's attempts to stir up sedition in ,ireland in #8,an attempt on the ,potatoe bag1' by some artist unknown 7,august #ahjc74 ,it shows an ,irishman trudging along towards ,dublin1 having on his back a huge sack of potatos1 which ,napoleon is slitting1 allowing the potatos to escape4 ,says ,bonaparte3 #8,i say1 ,paddy1 ,give up the bag quietly1 and you shall have this ,purse of ,gold4' ,but ,paddy replies3 #8,i see what you are at1 you sly ,teaf of the ,world2 you may cut out a few of the ,potatoes that are rotten at the core--but1 by ,st4 ,patrick1 you'll never get the whole bag--so you may pocket your ,cash1 and march home and be ,d--d4' ,dean ,swift's #8,gulliver' is very frequently used as a motif for caricature1 and ,charles etched 7,august #ahjc7 #8,gulliver and his ,guide1 or a ,check ,string to the ,corsican4' ,king ,george1 as ,king of ,brobdingnag1 is seated in a gallery1 looking through the invariable glass at ,gulliver 7,napoleon71 who is climbing a flight of steps to get at him2 but he has a rope round his neck1 which is held by a sailor armed with a stout oak cudgel4 ,says the ,king3 #8,ay1 what6 what6 ,does the little ,gulliver want my ,c 999999 n6 ,let him come1 and he will soon find how 'tis protected4 ,hearts of oak are our ships1 ,jolly tars are our men1 c4 c4' ,napoleon1 throttled by the rope1 exclaims3 #8,if these fellows did not keep such a tight hand over me1 ,i would soon try how that ,ornament would fit my head4' ,whilst the sailor1 who has him in hand and checks his advance1 calls out3 #8,avast there1 my little fellow2 for1 ,d--n my ,timbers1 if ,i don't take you ,aback before you reach the end of your ,intended travels4 ,so pull away1 pull away1 ,i say1 for the tight little bit of land in the ,ocean4' ,there is a charming libel on ,napoleon in a periodical publication1 called #8,ring the ,alarum ,bell1' ,no4 #c1 ,august #bg1 #ahjc 7,i believe it only reached four numbers71 the heading of which is1 #8,atrocities of ,brutus ,napoleone ,ali ,buonapart1 who now pretends to be at war for restoring the ,knights of ,malta1 and who told the ,egyptians' 7,july #agih71 #8that he was a true ,mussulman1 and had been to ,malta1 on purpose to drive from thence those ,christian ,infidels1 the ,knights666' ,after a most scurrilous and incorrect version of his life1 this precious paper gives us a thrilling account of #8,the ,corsican's ,drowning his own wounded ,soldiers1 and his ,thievery4 #8,during the early engagements at ,mantua with ,general ,wurmsur1 the hospital for the ,french who were wounded was at ,como4 ,some officers1 who are ready to swear to the truth of their assertion1 passing through this town in the month of ,april #ahjj1 were informed by the inhabitants that one morning they beheld1 with unspeakable horror1 the dead bodies of a number of ,french soldiers floating upon the surface of the lake1 whom this infamous assassin1 ,buonapart1 had ordered to be cast into it on the preceding night4 ,every one of these unfortunate wretches were soldiers who had suffered amputation of some member or other6 ,this monster caused1 at the same time1 not only the dead1 but even the sick1 in the hospitals to be thrown pell-mell into a ditch at ,salo1 on the ,lake of ,guarda4 ,it is a fact1 well-known in ,upper ,italy1 that the ,curate of ,salo died with grief at the sight of this horrible transaction4 #8,the pecuniary robberies of the ,corsican are innumerable4 ,at ,leghorn he caused a servant of the ,grand ,duke to bring him all the plate belonging to that ,prince1 and kept himself an inventory1 in order to examine whether any article was missing4 ,at ,pisa a ,british nobleman 7the ,marquis of ,d----7 was robbed of his carriage1 and other effects1 by a party of ,french ,hussars4 ,buonaparte appropriated the carriage to himself1 and afterwards made use of it at ,milan4 ,france was then in a state of profound peace with the ,grand ,duke4 ,at ,milan1 ,buonaparte imprisoned the ,nobles1 and1 in order to procure their release1 their consorts brought their diamonds to the wife of the ,usurper4' ,the following might well go as companion to #8,pidcock's ,menagerie'3-- ,,most ,,wonderful ,,wonder ,,of ,,wonders4 ,just arrived1 at ,mr4 ,,bull',s ,,menagerie1 in ,british ,lane1 the most renowned and sagacious ,,man ,,tiger1 or ,ourang ,outang called ,,napoleon ,,buonaparte2 ,he has been exhibited through the greatest ,part of ,europe1 particularly in ,holland1 ,switzerland1 and ,italy1 and lately in ,egypt--,he has a wonderful faculty of ,speech1 and undertakes to reason with the most learned ,doctors in ,law1 ,divinity1 and ,physic--,he proves1 incontrovertibly1 that the strongest ,,poisons are the most ,sovereign ,remedies for ,wounds of all kinds2 and by a ,dose or two1 made up in his own ,way1 he cures his ,patients of all their ,ills by the ,gross--,he ,,picks the ,,pockets of the ,company1 and by a ,rope1#he suspended near a ,lantern1 shews them1 as clear as ,day1 that they are all richer than before--,if any ,man in the ,room has empty ,pockets1 or an empty ,stomach1 by taking a ,dose or two of his ,,powder of ,,hemp1 he finds them on a sudden full of ,guineas1 and has no longer a ,craving for ,food2 ,if he is rich1 he gets rid of his tdium vit2 and1 if he is over-gorged1 finds a perfect ,cure for his ,indigestion4--,he proves1 by unanswerable ,arguments1 that ,soupe ,maigre1 and ,frogs1 are a much more wholesome food than ,beef and ,pudding--and that it would be better for ,,old ,,england1 if her ,inhabitants were all ,monkeys and ,tigers as1 in times of ,scarcity1 one half of the ,nation might devour the other half4--,he strips the ,company of their ,cloaths1 and when they are stark naked1 presents a ,,paper on the ,,point of a ,,bayonet1 by reading which they are all presently convinced that it is very pleasant to be in a state of ,nature4--,by a kind of hocus-pocus ,trick1 he breathes on a ,crown1 and it changes suddenly into a ,guillotine4--,he deceives the eye most dexterously2 one ,moment he is in the ,garb of the ,,mufti3 the next of a ,,jew1 and the next ,moment you see him the ,,pope4--,he imitates all ,sounds2 bleats like a ,lamb2 roars like a ,tiger2 cries like a ,crocodile2 and brays most inimitably like an ,ass4 ,he used also to perform some wonderful ,tricks with ,gunpowder2 but he was very sick in passing the ,channel1 and has shewn great aversion to them ever since4 ,admittance1 ,one ,shilling and ,sixpence4 ,n4,b4 ,if any ,gentleman of the ,corps ,diplomatique should wish to see his ,,ourang ,,outang1 ,mr4 ,bull begs a ,line or two first2 as on such ,occasions1 he finds it necessary to bleed him1 or give him a ,dose or two of cooling ,physic1 being apt to fly at them1 if they appear without such preparation4 ,illustration #8,john ,bull and the ,alarmist' is as well drawn as any of ,gillray's caricatures 7,september #a1 #ahjc74 ,sheridan1 in the character of a bill-sticker1 having under his arm a sheaf of #8,loyal ,bills1 ,sherry ,andrew's ,address1 ,playbills1' c41 and1 with a bonnet rouge peeping out of his pocket1 is telling ,john ,bull the two last lines of the first verse of the subjoined song4 ,the old boy stands resolutely before the throne1 which he is ready to defend with his huge oak cudgel carved with a bulldog's head1 and1 whilst nourishing himself on a tankard of ale1 tells his informant his opinion of his intelligence in the words of the second verse3-- ,john ,bull as he sat in his old ,easy ,chair1 ,an ,alarmist came to him1 and said in his ,ear1 #8,a ,corsican ,thief has just slipt from his quarters1 ,and is coming to ,ravish your ,wives and your ,daughters6' #8,let him come1 and be ,d--d6' thus roar'd out ,john ,bull1 #8,with my ,crab-stick assured ,i will fracture his ,scull1 ,or ,i'll squeeze ye vile reptile twixt my ,finger and ,thumb1 ,make him stink like a ,bug1 if he dares to presume4' #8,they say a full ,thousand of ,flat bottomed ,boats1 ,each a ,hundred and ,fifty have1 ,warriors of ,note2 ,all fully determin'd to feast on your ,lands1 ,so ,i fear you will find full enough on your hands4' ,john smiling arose1 upright as a post1 #8,i've a ,million of ,friends bravely guarding my ,coast1 ,and my old ,ally1 ,neptune1 will give them a dowsing1 ,and prevent the mean rascals to come here a lousing4' ,i know not from what source the statistics relative to the strength of the ,french flotilla1 contained in the subjoined broadsheet1 are taken4 ,it purports to be an extract from a ,french letter3-- ,,citizens ,,of ,,england ,,you ,,have ,,been ,,told ,,that ,,bonaparte ,,will ,,not ,,attempt ,,invasion3 ,read the following detailed ,account of his ,preparations1 and ask yourselves whether those who tell you so1 are your ,friends or your ,enemies4 #8,the ,alertness of our ,people1 employed in the several ,yards along the ,coasts1 never had a parallel4 ,i reckon #aa1jjj ,ship-,carpenters1 and their necessary ,assistants1 ,labourers1 c41 employed here1 and at ,calais1 ,dunkirk1 and ,ostend1 besides those at ,work on the ,boats preparing at ,ghent1 ,bruges1 and ,antwerp4 #8,at ,boulogne1 we have #cf ,gun ,boats ready1 each carrying three heavy ,pieces of ,ordnance1 ,two fore1 and ,one aft2 besides #aeb of what are called ,flat ,bottomed ,boats2 but they are now generally rounded below1 and keeled4 ,in three ,weeks ,time1 we expect to have as many more in a ,state of perfect ,readiness4 #8,at ,calais1 several of the ,floating ,batteries1 that opposed ,,lord ,,nelson1 when he attacked ,boulogne1 are now fitting up1 and about seventy boats that will carry #aej ,men each4 #8,at ,dunkirk1 and the adjacent ,canals1 there are #dg ,gun boats ready1 with remarkable heavy ,ordnance2 and not less than #bbj ,boats for carrying men4 ,they count upon being able to send #djj of these vessels 7great and small7 to ,sea1 in less than ,three ,weeks4 #8,at ,ostend1 the ,gun ,boats1 ,floating ,batteries1 and ,vessels for carrying ,soldiers1 that are now1 and will be1 completed during the present month1 amount to #dhg4 ,they work here during the ,whole of the ,moonlight nights4 #8,i cannot1 at present1 exactly ascertain what ,number of ,men are employed1 at ,bruges and ,ghent2 but they are extremely numerous4 ,such is the case at ,antwerp4' ,but not one of these vessels dared shew her nose out of harbour1 for every ,french port in the ,channel was blockaded by ,english men-of-war1 of which there were some five hundred1 of different sizes1 afloat4 ,sometimes this blockading business got tiresome1 and it was relieved by an occasional landing1 on which occasions mischief to the ,french1 in some shape or other1 was always included in the programme2 or a vessel would be cut out1 or a few shells would be thrown into a town such as ,dieppe or ,havre--anything to vary the monotony4 ,at home they were bragging and blustering of what they would do2 afloat they were doing1 and we cannot tell from what fate their action saved us4 ,woodward drew an amusing sketch of #8,john ,bull shewing the ,corsican monkey' 7,september #c1 #ahjc71 who is represented as seated on a ,russian bear1 which is muzzled and led by ,john ,bull1 who thus expatiates on his charge to the delighted audience3 #8,my friends and neighbours1 this is no monkey of the common order2 he is a very cholerick little gentleman1 ,i assure you4 ,i had a vast deal of trouble to bring him to any kind of obedience--he is very fond of playing with globes and scepters--so you may perceive1 ,i let him have one of each made of ,gingerbread--in order to amuse him in a strange country4' ,a not very witty picture1 #8,buonaparte on his ,ass1' by an unknown artist 7,september #ad1 #ahjc71 represents ,bonaparte on a donkey1 which has got itself in a terrible mess through trampling on ,italy1 ,switzerland1 ,holland1 and ,hanover1 and is endeavouring to reach ,malta1 which1 however1 is protected by the ,british ,lion4 ,napoleon opines that1 #8,this d--d ass gets so entangled and unruly1 ,i'm afraid ,i shall never be able to reach ,malta4' ,o'er countrys ,i'll trample1 where threats may prevail1 ,but must let those alone where they will not avail1 ,for on looking around me to find where to prance1 ,to touch ,malta1 might be destruction to ,france4 ,woodward drew 7,september #af1 #ahjc7 #8,the ,corsican ,macheath1' with ,napoleon singing3-- ,which way shall ,i turn me8 ,how can ,i decide ,the ,prospects before me8 ,i long for to stride4 ,but 'tis this way--or that way1 ,or which way ,i will1 ,john ,bull at his ,post1 ,is prepared with a ,pill4 ,,chapter ,,xxxvi4 ,,invasion ,,squibs1 continued--,,talleyrand',s ,,disinclination ,,to ,,invade ,,england4 #8,a full and particular ,account of the ,trial of ,napoleon ,buonaparte before ,john ,bull1' drawn by ,woodward1 etched by ,cruikshank 7,september #ad1 #ahjc71 is a broadside not remarkable for artistic merit2 it does not even give a fair idea of ,napoleon's features4 ,the letterpress is as follows3-- ,the ,court being opened1 and ,john ,bull on the bench1 ,napoleon ,buonaparte was put to the ,bar1 charged with various high crimes1 thieving1 and misdemeanours4 ,counsellor ,tell ,truth opened the case on the part of the prosecution1 as follows3 ,counsellor4 ,may it please your worship ,mr4 ,john ,bull1 and ,gentlemen of the ,jury1 ,from the ,indictment now before you1 you will perceive the prisoner stands charged as follows3 that he1 ,napoleon ,buonaparte1 on the #bhth of ,december1 #agic1 caused at ,toulon1 when the siege was over1 fifteen hundred men1 women1 and children1 to be fired upon with grape shot2 that by these means he became a favourite of ,robespierre1 and1 in concert with that destroyer1 did on the #acth ,vendemaire1 ,october #d1 #agie1 sweep the streets of ,paris near the ,pont ,neuf with artillery1 and covered the steps of ,st4 ,roch with heaps of slaughtered bodies2 the persons massacred on the whole amounted to about eight thousand4 ,at ,pavia1 the magistrates having interfered to save the people from the bayonet1 were bound together1 and shot by his order2 he also burnt the town of ,benasco1 and massacred the inhabitants4 ,at ,alexandria he gave up the city to his soldiers for four hours2 the old people1 women1 and children1 flew to the mosques1 but the mosques were no protection from brutal fury1 though ,buonaparte professed himself a ,turk2--at ,jaffa1 horrid to relate6 three thousand eight hundred prisoners were marched to a rising ground1 and there destroyed by means of musquetry1 grape shot1 and the bayonet2 in short1 his various massacres1 robberies1 and pillage1 are too numerous to bring forward4 ,i shall only observe1 that this gentle1 this merciful man1 at the above place1 ,jaffa1 finding his hospitals crowded with sick of his own army1 caused the whole to be poisoned2 thus1 in a few hours1 five hundred and eighty soldiers died miserably by order of their ,general--2 so says ,sir ,robert ,wilson4 ,john ,bull4 ,mercy on me1 ,mr4 ,tell ,truth1 let me hear no more1 it will lift my wig off with horror666 ,counsellor ,t4 ,t4 ,i shall briefly observe1 that this man1 after overrunning all ,italy1 ,france1 ,holland1 ,switzerland1 stealing our beloved ,george's horses at ,hanover1 and various other sacrifices to his unbounded ambition1 had the audacity to declare he would invade the happy shores of ,great ,britain1 and disturb the fireside of honest ,john ,bull and his children2 but he was stopped in his career by a single ,english seaman1 who will lay the particulars before the ,court4 ,crier1 call in ,tom ,mizen4 ,crier4 ,tom ,mizen1 come into ,court4 ,john ,bull4 ,now1 ,mister ,mizen1 what have you to say8 ,tom ,mizen4 ,you must know1 ,mr4 ,bull1 having1 as it were1 lashed myself to a love of my ,king and ,country1 and hearing the land lubber at the bar was about to bring over his ,cock boats2 ,i thought myself1 in duty bounden1 to see what sort of game he was after2 so1 rigging out my little skiff the ,buxom ,kitty1 ,i clapped a few pounders aboard1 with an allowance of grog1 and set sail2 when ,i got near ,bull-hog-ney--,i think they call it so in their palaver--but ,i never can think of their outlandish palaver1 not ,i--howsomdever ,i soon spied a little gun boat or two1 and on board one of them ,i saw a little pale-faced olive-coloured man in a large cocked hat1 taking measure of the sides3 may ,i never set sail again1 said ,i1 if that is not little ,boney--so ,i made no more ado1 but got ready my cordage and grappling irons1 and after one broadside1 towed the little gentleman into ,brighton4 ,john ,bull4 ,bravo1 ,mister ,mizen--now let us hear what ,mynheer ,dutchman has to say4 ,dutchman4 ,indeed1 ,mynheer ,bool1 ,i have nothing to say in his favour--he has robbed me of my liberty1 my money1 and everything that is dear to me4 ,italian4 ,i am precisely in the same position4 ,swiss4 ,and ,i4 ,the ,pope4 ,i once had a voice in the senate1 but he has totally abridged my power4 ,hanoverian1 c4 ,we are one and all tired of his tyrannical usurpation4 ,john ,bull4 ,then it appears to me no one will speak in his favour4 ,from the ,court4 ,not one4 ,john ,bull4 ,well then--what has the prisoner to say in his own defence8 ,buonaparte4 ,i am a man of few words1 and leave my defence1 entirely to my counsel4 ,the ,devil1 as ,counsellor for the ,prisoner4 ,mr4 ,bull1 and ,gentlemen of the ,jury1 ,i blush for the first time in my life2 it is well known ,i am the father of lies and mischief1 and have had the prisoner at the bar a considerable time in training1 but he really goes so much beyond my abilities1 that ,i entirely give up to the discretion of the ,jury4 ,john ,bull4 ,i shall very briefly1 gentlemen1 sum up the evidence2 you have heard a long and serious detail of the prisoner's cruelties in different parts of the world4 ,the conduct of our worthy countryman1 ,tom ,mizen1 you must all admire2 you perceive there is not one person to speak in his favour2 and even his old counsel the ,devil will have nothing to do with him--,i therefore leave him to your verdict4 ,the ,jury1 without leaving the ,court1 pronounced the prisoner ,guilty4 ,john ,bull then passed sentence1 as follows3 ,,napoleon ,,buonaparte--after a fair trial1 you have been found guilty of various high crimes and misdemeanours1 in different parts of this world4 ,i am a man that delights not in blood2 ,i therefore sentence you to be turned over to the care of my trusty and beloved friend ,mr4 ,pidcock1 proprietor of the ,wild beasts over ,exeter #8,change in the ,strand2 there to be publicly shewn to my fellow citizens1 inclosed in an iron cage for three months2 after the expiration of which time1 ,i sentence you to be transported to your native town of ,ajaccio in ,corsica for three months1 and1 for the remainder of your life1 to be hung up by your legs in the mines of ,mexico4 ,mr4 ,pidcock attended with a cage1 and disposed of the prisoner according to his sentence2 he appeared extremely hardened during the whole of the trial4 ,the ,court was uncommonly crowded4 #8,buonaparte's ,soliloquy at ,calais1 written and designed by ,g4 ,m4 ,woodward1' was published ,september #ba1 #ahjc4 ,it is as follows3-- ,to go or not to go8 that is the question2-- ,whether 'tis better for my views to suffer ,the ease and quiet of yon hated rival1 ,or to take arms against the haughty people1 ,and by invading1 end them8 ,t' invade1--to fight1-- ,no more6 and by a fight1 to say we end ,the envy and the thousand jealous pangs ,we now must bear with2 'tis a consummation ,devoutly to be wish'd4 ,t' invade--to fight-- ,to fight8--perchance be beat3 aye1 there's the rub2 ,for in our passage hence what ills may come1 ,when we have parted from our native ports1 ,must give us pause there's the respect ,that makes th' alternative so hard a choice4 ,for who would bear their just and equal laws1 ,their sacred faith1 and general happiness1 ,that shew in contrast black our tyrant sway1 ,our frequent breach of treaty1 and the harms ,devouring armies on the people bring1 ,when he himself could the dark shame remove ,by mere invasion8 ,who would tamely view ,that happy nation's great and thriving power1 ,but that the dread of falling on their coast1 7,that firm and loyal country1 from whose shores ,no enemy returns17 puzzles the will1 ,and makes us rather bear the ills we have1 ,than fly to others that we know not of8 ,thus conscience does make cowards of us all2 ,and thus the native hue of resolution ,is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought2 ,and enterprises of great pith and moment1 ,with this regard1 their currents turn awry1 ,and lose the name of action4 ,illustration #8,the ,fable of the ,bundle of ,faggots exemplified1 or ,bonaparte baffled1' by an unknown artist 7,september #bj1 #ahjc71 shows ,napoleon unable to break the bundle of ,britons4 ,his foot rests on a heap of broken faggots1 all conquered nations1 but this is too hard a job for him1 as he confesses3 #8,au diable6 all ,i can do1 they'll neither bend or break4' ,an unknown artist 7,september #ahjc7 gave us1 #8,a ,peep at the ,corsican ,fairy4' ,here little ,boney is chained to a table and padlocked by ,the ,british ,navy4 ,an ,italian1 ,swiss1 ,dutchman1 and ,spaniard are looking curiously at him1 thus making their remarks3 #8,monsieur ,john ,bull1 ,i think ,i have seen this little ,gentleman before--he was with us in ,italy4' #8,we shall never forget him in ,switzerland4' #8,my frow once persuaded me to show our house1 and he took possession of the whole premises4' #8,by ,st4 ,diego1 he is a curious little fellow4' ,john ,bull is showing him1 and has a sweetmeat labelled #8,malta' in his hand3 #8,oh yes1 sir1 he is a great ,traveller--but don't come too near him2 he is very cholerick2 he put himself into a great passion with me about the sugar plumb ,i hold in my hand--indeed1 if it was not for my little chain and padlock1 ,i could not keep him in any sort of order4' ,illustration ,it is well known that ,talleyrand was averse to the intended invasion of ,england1 and some time in ,september #ahjc1 ,gillray produced #8,the ,corsican ,carcase ,butcher's ,reckoning ,day1 ,new ,style1 ,no ,quarter ,day6' a portion of which is here given4 ,talleyrand 7his ecclesiastical status expressed by the cross on his partially military cocked hat7 restrains ,napoleon from invading ,england1 although the ,conqueror has on his seven-league boots4 ,in the distance are the white cliffs of ,albion1 surrounded by ships of war1 and a huge bull bellows defiance4 ,at the open door the ,russian bear looks in1 enraging ,napoleon almost to frenzy4 ,on the ground is a coop full of foxes labelled #8,from ,rome1 not worth killing4' #8,the ,germanic ,body' lies in a sadly mutilated condition1 having lost its head1 feet1 and hands2 one of the latter--the right hand--lies close by1 labelled #8,hanover4' ,a poor1 lean1 gaunt dog1 #8,prussia1' is in a kennel #8put up to fatten4' ,the food provided for it is blood1 or #8,consular ,whipt ,syllabub4' ,in a trough lie the bodies of six ,mamelukes1 #8,jaffa ,cross breeds1' whose blood drains into a receptacle #8,glory4' ,on the walls are hung a sheep1 #8,true ,spanish ,fleec'd'2 a dead ,monkey1 #8,native ,breed'2 an ass #8from ,switzerland1' and a pig #8from ,holland4' ,,boney ,,and ,,talley4 ,,the ,,corsican ,,carcase ,,butcher',s ,,reckoning ,,day4 ,,new ,,style4 ,,no ,,quarter ,,day6 #a4 ,says ,boney the ,butcher to ,talley his man1 ,one settling day as they reckon'd1 #8,times are hard--'twere a sin1 ,not to keep our hand in'-- ,talley guessed at his thoughts in a second4 #b4 ,then he reach'd the account book--turn'd over awhile2 #8,i have it--see here are the ,dutch1 ,sir4' ,boney cries #8,it appears ,that they're much in arrears4' ,quoth ,talley #8,they don't owe us much1 ,sir6' #c4 #8,here's ,parma1 ,placentia2 there's ,naples and ,rome4' ,talley smil'd #8,they are nothing but bone1 ,sir6' #8,for the present pass ,prussia2 ,what think you of ,russia8' #8',twere as good that we let her alone1 ,sir6' #d4 #8,my ambition unsated1 my fury unquenched1 ,let ,europe now shake to her bases3 ,for my banner unfurl'd1 ,i defy all the world1 ,and spit in th' ambassadors' faces4' #e4 ,seeing raw-head and bloody bones wondrous irate1 ,talley turn'd o'er the leaf with his finger2 #8,here's ,hanover--if--' #8,if what8' in a tiff ,cries ,boney1 #8,tell ,mortier to bring her4 #f4 #8,let her bleed till her life strings are ready to burst1 ,to drain her let ,massena shew you2 ,the job being done1 ,and all her fat run1 ,we'll give up her trunk to--you know who4 #g4 #8,this will do for a breakfast--read on4' ,talley read1 ,each page they conn'd over and over1 #8,i can find nothing here2 ,we must stop1 ,sir1 ,i fear4' ,boney scowl'd1 and then pointed to ,dover4 #h4 #8,shall ,i want employ--whilst a breed there exists ,so sleek1 and so tempting to slaughter8 ,reach my cleaver and steel1 ,i'll not sit at a meal-- ,till'--,talley cries #8,think of the ,water4' #i4 #8,a soul such as mine1 by the ,koran ,i swear1 ,such childish impediment scorns1 ,sir2 ,i will bait this great ,bull1 ,and his crest ,i will pull4' ,cries ,talley #8,remember his horns1 ,sir4' #aj4 #8,psha6 my mouth 'gins to water1 and yearns for the feast1 ,such dainty1 such delicate picking2 ,by his horns ,i will seize him1 ,goad1 worry1 and teaze him3' ,quoth ,talley--#8,he's given to kicking4' #aa4 #8,let him kick1 let him toss1 and for mercy implore1 ,be mine the proud task to refuse it2 ,the fates shall obey1 ,i will have my way2' ,talley mutters1 #8,i hope you won't lose it4' #ab4 #8,sound the cleaver and marrow bones1' ,boney exclaims1 #8,strait this herd in my power shall be1 ,sir2' #8,should you once reach the shore1' 7,talley said somewhat lower17 #8,you'll soon be at top of the tree1 ,sir4' #ac4 #8,don't jest with thy master1 thou recreant knave6 ,am ,i1 ,sir1 or am ,i1 ,sir1 no king8 ,by the ,prophet ,i swear'-- #8,cry you mercy--forbear6' ,quoth ,talley1 #8,i thought you were joking4' #ad4 #8,am ,i such a lover of jibes or of jests1 ,do ,i ever smile8' ,boney cried1 #8,sir2' #8,no1 that ,i may say ,but to blast or betray2' 7,but this1 ,talley uttered aside1 ,sir47 #ae4 ,he calls on ,great ,mahomet1 swears by his beard1 ,the ,lama he begs to be civil2 ,now tells all his complaints ,to the ,calendar ,saints1 ,and now sends them all to the ,devil4 #af4 ,thus prepared1 he clasp'd firm the dread steel in his hand ,and wielded his cleaver on high1 ,sir2-- #8,oh thou ,bull1 thou ,grand ,bte6 ,oh thou barb of my ,fate6 ,this day thou most surely shalt die1 ,sir6' #ag4 ,tho' artful and cunning some madmen appear1 ,the simplest expedient will turn 'em2 ,talley saw what he meant2 ,on the schemes he was bent1 ,and fully resolv'd to adjourn 'em4 #ah4 ,now ,boney grown wilder1 his eyes seem'd to start1 ,and loudly began he to bellow2 ,when ,talley seized hold ,of this hero so bold1 ,and pinion'd the poor little fellow4 #ai4 #8,oh1 brave1 great1 and noble1 magnanimous man666666 ,to save thee thy servant is bound1 ,sir2 ,the ,sea it is deep1 ,and the shores they are steep1 ,most certainly you will be drown'd1 ,sir4 #bj4 #8,think how precious your life is to ,france and to me1 ,obey then your fate1 and don't mock it2 ,think what we shou'd do1 ,mighty ,sir1 without you1 ,with our liberties all in your pocket4 #ba4 #8,nay--sweet1 gentle ,sir' 7,boney kick'd with all might71 #8,oh6--this chivalry's quite out of fashion6' ,talley had his own way1 ,not a word did ,bo say1 ,for speak he could not for his passion4 #bb4 #8,dread ,sir1 your great project is worthy yourself1 ,your knife shall soon hit the bull's throat1 ,sir1 ,i'd only premise1 ,were ,i fit to advise1 ',twould be better to order a boat1 ,sir4' #bc4 #8,a boat1 aye1 a boat6 why there's reason in that1' ,boney cries with a scowl of delight1 ,sir2 ,for the truth must be told1 ,he knew ,talley of old1 ,and felt in a devilish fright1 ,sir4 #bd4 ,boney thought that the boat was a much safer plan1 ,he voted the counsel discreet1 ,sir2 ,quoth ,talley #8',tis done1 ,and the day is your own1 ,just--take--care--to avoid the ,fleet1 ,sir4' #be4 ,talley cautiously then let the little man down1 ,when the little man softened his features2 ,yet though little in size1 ,sir1 ,his soul is as high1 ,sir1 ,as the cross at the top of ,saint ,peter's4 #bf4 ,little ,boney shook hands then with ,talley the good2 7,and thought how he best might dispatch him7 ,whilst ,talley as meek1 ,kiss'd the ,mussulman's cheek1 7,and swore in his heart to o'er match him47 #bg4 ,they drank to their hopes--hob a nobb'd to their scheme1 ,which promis'd such royal diversion2 ,thus cordial they sat1 ,and1 in harmless chit chat1 ,sketch'd the plan of this water excursion4 #bh4 ,when the boat will be ready we none of us know1 ,talley swears 'twill be here in a trice1 ,sir2 ,but it must be confess'd1 ,boney's not in such haste1 ,since he thought of the business twice1 ,sir4 #bi4 ,then a health to the ,butcher6 and life long enough1 ,that he once of the ,bull may a view get1 ,for1 whenever we meet1 ,if he skulk from the ,,fleet1 ,we will find him head quarters in ,,newgate4 ,,chapter ,,xxxvii4 ,,invasion ,,squibs--,,volunteers4 #8,the ,corsican ,locust' 7,west1 ,september #ahjc7 shows him hovering over a picnic party1 saying3 #8,bless me1 how comfortably these ,people live4' ,the party consists of an ,englishman1 ,irishman1 and a ,scotchman4 ,the first has roast beef1 plum-pudding1 and a foaming tankard1 before him1 and1 regarding the insect1 says3 #8,as sure as ,i'm alive1 that ,corsican locust smells the ,roast ,beef and ,plumb pudding4' ,paddy has only #8praties1' but looks up at it1 and asks3 #8,perhaps1 my ,jewel1 'tis a potatoe or two you want1 but the divil a halfpeth do you get from me4' ,the ,scotchman1 with his basin and spoon in his hands1 thinks3 #8,perhaps the ,cheeld would like a little o' my ,scotch ,broth--but ,sandy is too cunning for that4' #8,the ,grand ,triumphal ,entry of the ,chief ,consul into ,london' is by an unknown artist 7,october #a1 #ahjc74 ,he is escorted by volunteer cavalry1 and is seated1 bareheaded and handcuffed1 with his face towards the tail of a white horse1#hf his legs being tied under its belly4 ,the horse is led by two volunteers1 one of whom carries a flagstaff with the tricolour under the ,union ,jack1 and on the summit is perched ,boney's huge hat1 labelled #8,for ,saint ,pauls4' ,one of the mob is calling out3 #8,we may thank our ,volunteers for this glorious sight4' ,illustration3 ,,the ,,corsican ,,pest1 ,,or ,,belzebub ,,going ,,to ,,supper4 ,of #8,the ,corsican ,pest1 or ,belzebub going to supper1' by ,gillray 7,october #f1 #ahjc71 only a portion is given in the illustration1 but nothing of moment is omitted4 ,the following are the lines under this broadsheet3-- ,buonaparte they say1 aye good lack a day6 ,with ,french ,legions will hither come swimming1 ,and like hungry ,sharks1 some night in the dark1 ,mean to frighten our ,children and ,women4 ,tol de rol4 ,when these ,gallic ,foisters gape wide for our ,oisters1 ,old ,neptune will rise up with glee1 ,souse and ,pickle them quick1 to be sent to old ,nick1 ,as a treat from the ,god of the ,sea4 ,tol de rol4 ,belzebub will rejoice at a ,supper so nice1 ,and make all his ,devils feast hearty2 ,but the little tit bit1 on a fork1 he would spit1 ,the ,consular ,chief1 ,buonapart6 ,tol de rol4 ,then each ,devil suppose1 closely stopping his nose1 ,and shrinking away from the smell1 #8,by ,styx1' they would roar1 #8such a damn'd ,stink before ,never entered the kingdom of ,hell4 ,tol de rol4 ,full rotten the heart of the said ,buonaparte1 ,corrupted his ,marrow and ,bones1 ,french evil o'erflows1 from his ,head to his ,toes1 ,and disorder'd his ,brains in his ,sconce6 ,tol de rol4 ,his pestiferous breath1 has put ,millions to ,death1 ,more baneful than ,mad dog's ,saliva1 ,more poisonous he1 all kingdoms agree1 ,than the dire ,bohan-,upas of ,java-- ,tol de rol4 ,by the favour of ,heaven1 to our ,monarch is given ,the power to avert such dire evil1 ,his subjects are ready1 all ,loyal and ,steady1 ,to hurl this damn'd ,pest to the ,devil4 ,tol de rol4 ,an unknown artist 7,october #aa1 #ahjc7 gives us #8,the ,ballance of ,power or the ,issue of the ,contest4' ,the hand of ,providence is holding the balance1 and ,john ,bull1 whose good qualities are named #8,valour1 ,justice1 ,honor1 ,integrity1 ,commerce1 ,firmness1 ,trade1 ,heroism1 ,virtue1' is rapidly ascending2 and1 according to his own account1 #8,there's a sweet little ,cherub that sits up aloft1 will take care of the fate of ,john ,bull4 ,but poor ,boney1 with a heavy burden on his back of #8,shame1 ,disgrace1 ,obloquy1 ,cruelty1 ,murder1 ,plunder1 ,rapine1 ,villainy1 and ,hypocrisy1' is sinking into the earth1 which emits flames to consume him4 #8,thoughts on ,invasion1 both sides the water1' by ,charles 7,october #aa1 #ahjc71 shows us the ,english coast defended by volunteers4 ,john ,bull1 laughing1 is seated in a chair1 under which is a cornucopia1 running over with corn1 wine1 beef1 and all kinds of provisions4 ,the old boy is chuckling3 #8,i can't help laughing at the thought of ,invasion1 but there is no knowing what a mad man may attempt1 so ,i'll take care to have my coast well lined1 and ,i think #hj1jjj such men as me1 able to eat all the ,boney rascals in ,france1 and if they mean ,invasion1 ,i have sent a ,specimen of ,bombs into ,calais6' ,the ships are shown in the act of bombarding that place1 while ,boney sits very miserable1 with a tricolour foolscap on his head1 moaning3 #8,i wish ,i had never promis'd to ,invade this terrible ,john ,bull1 but how shall ,i avoid it1 with ,credit to myself and honour to the ,french ,nation8 and this bombarding ,calais gives me the ,bl---- ,blu---- ,blue ,devils4' ,a blue devil behind him is saying3 #8,you must go now1 ,boney1 as sure as ,i shall have you in the end4' #8,the little ,princess and ,gulliver' is by ,ansell 7,october #ba1 #ahjc71 and1 of course1 the ,gulliver is ,napoleon1 whom a ,brobdingnagian princess 7,charlotte of ,wales7 has plunged into a basin of water1 and1 with her fist1 keeps beating him as he rises to the top1 saying3 #8,there you impertinent1 boasting1 swaggering pigmy--take that4 ,you attempt to take my ,grandpapa's ,crown indeed1 and plunder all his subjects2 ,i'll let you know that the ,spirit and ,indignation of every ,girl in the ,kingdom is roused at your ,insolence4' #8,the ,centinel at his ,post1 or ,boney's peep into ,walmer ,castle66' 7,ansell1 ,october #bb1 #ahjc7 shows ,boney1 with a boat-load of troops1 arrived on the ,english ,coast1 but they are at once disconcerted by the appearance of the sentinel1 ,pitt1 who challenges1 #8,who goes there8' ,with abject fear depicted on the countenance of ,bonaparte and his followers1 the former exclaims3 #8,ah6 ,begar--dat man alive still4 ,turn about1 ,citoyens--for there will be no good to be done--,i know his tricks of old66' ,there are two caricatures on the same subject1 one attributed to ,gillray1 but signed ,c4,l4,s4 7,october #be1 #ahjc71 the other by ,i4 ,cruikshank1 to which the same date is attributed4 ,one is evidently copied from the other1 for the motif is the same in both4 ,i prefer the former1 and therefore describe it4 ,it is called #8,french ,volunteers marching to the ,conquest of ,great ,britain1 dedicated 7by an ,eye ,witness7 to the ,volunteers of ,great ,britain4' ,a mounted officer leads a gang of chained1 handcuffed1 and pinioned1 scarecrow-looking conscripts1 some of them so weak that they have to be carried in paniers on donkey-back1 or drawn on a trolley2 whilst a poor1 dilapidated1 ragged wretch1 also chained by the neck1 and with his hands tied behind him1 brings up the rear of the procession4 #8,john ,bull guarding the ,toy ,shop' 7,j4 ,b41 ,october #bi1 #ahjc7 shows a shop-window containing such toys as the ,india ,house1 ,st4 ,james's1 the ,bank1 ,custom ,house1 ,tower1 and the ,treasury4 ,little ,boney1 with his handkerchief to his eyes1 is weeping1 and crying3 #8,pray1 ,mr4 ,bull1 let me have some of the ,toys1 if 'tis only that little one in the ,corner' 7the ,bank74 ,but ,john ,bull1 who is in full regimentals1 and armed with his gun1 replies1 in his rough1 insular way3 #8,i tell you1 you shan't touch one of them--so blubber away and be d--d4' ,the volunteer force was a great factor in face of the ,invasion1 and it was computed to number #cej1jjj men4#hg ,we know1 in our own times1 that1 at a mere whisper of invasion1 men enrolled themselves as volunteers by thousands1 and we have never heard that whisper repeated4 ,the enthusiasm of the citizen army was very great1 and twice in ,october #ahjc 7on the #bfth #ad1ejj men1 and on the #bhth about #ag1jjj71 the ,king reviewed these volunteers in ,hyde ,park4 ,it will be curious briefly to note some particulars respecting the pay and clothing of volunteers4 ,they are taken from the circular papers of regulations which were sent from ,lord ,hobart's office to the ,lords ,lieutenant of the different counties4 #h4 ,when not called out on actual service1 constant pay to be allowed for #a ,sergeant and #a ,drummer per ,company1 at the same rates as in the disembodied ,militia2 the pay of the ,drummer to be distributed at the discretion of the ,commandant2 pay 7as disembodied ,militia7 for the rest of the ,sergeants and ,drummers1 and for the ,corporals and private men1 to be allowed for two days in the week1 from the #beth of ,february to the #bdth of ,october1 and for one day in the week from the #beth day of ,october to the #bdth of ,february1 both inclusive1 being #he days pay per annum1 but for effectives only1 present under arms1 on each respective day4 ,pay may1 however1 be charged for persons absent by sickness1 for a period not exceeding three months1 on the ,commanding ,officer's ,certificate to that effect4 ,sergeants #a_/f1 ,corporals 1 ,drummers and ,privates #a_/4 #i4 ,if a ,corps1 or any part thereof1 shall be called upon1 in case of any riot or disturbance1 the charge of constant pay to be made for such services must be at the rates before specified1 and must be supported by a ,certificate from his ,majesty's ,lieutenant1 or the ,sheriff of the ,county2 but1 if called out in case of actual ,invasion1 the ,corps is to be paid and disciplined in all respects as the ,regular ,infantry1 the ,artillery ,companies excepted1 which are then to be paid as the ,royal ,artillery4 #aj4 ,the whole to be clothed in ,red1 with the exception of the ,corps of ,artillery1 which may have ,blue clothing1 and ,rifle ,corps1 which may have ,green1 with black belts4 ,allowance for ,clothing4 #c #c #i for each ,sergeant1 #b #ab #j for each ,corporal1 #b #c #f for each ,drummer1 #a #aj #j for each ,private ,man1 and to be repeated at the end of three years2 the ,sergeant ,major1 and #a ,sergeant1 and #a ,drummer per ,company1 to have clothing annually4 #aa4 ,an annual allowance to be made for each ,company in lieu of every contingent expense heretofore defrayed by ,government1 viz4 #be for companies of #ej ,private men1 with an additional allowance of #e for every #aj ,private ,men beyond that number4 ,there is an amusing caricature 7,october #ah1 #ahjc7 illustrating ,talleyrand's disinclination to the projected invasion of ,england4 ,in his #8,voyage to ,brobdingnag1' ,lemuel ,gulliver1 speaking of his enemy the ,king's ,dwarf1 says3 #8,he had before served me a scurvy trick1 which set the queen a-laughing1 although at the same time she was heartily vexed1 and would have immediately cashiered him1 if ,i had pot been so generous as to intercede4 ,her majesty had taken a marrow-bone upon her plate1 and1 after knocking out the marrow1 placed the bone again in the dish erect1 as it stood before2 the dwarf1 watching his opportunity when ,glumdalclitch was gone to the sideboard1 mounted the stool that she stood on to take care of me at meals1 took me up in both hands1 and squeezing my legs together1 wedged them into the marrow bone above my waist1 where ,i stuck for some time1 and made a very ridiculous figure4 ,i believe it was near a minute before any one knew what was become of me2 for ,i thought it below me to cry out4 ,but1 as princes seldom get their meat hot1 my legs were not scalded1 only my stockings and breeches in a sad condition4 ,the dwarf1 at my entreaty1 had no other punishment than a sound whipping4' ,illustration3 ,,the ,,king',s ,,dwarf ,,plays ,,gulliver ,a ,,trick4 ,there was also a squib about the same master and man3-- ,,buonaparte ,,and ,,talleyrand4 ,it is well known that ,monsieur ,,talleyrand always objected to the ,invasion of ,england1 as a mad ,attempt1 that must end in the destruction of the ,invaders4 ,having been favoured with a ,note of a ,conversation between him and the ,chief ,consul on this ,subject1 ,i have attempted1 for the ,entertainment of my ,countrymen1 to put it into ,rhyme4 ,a4 ,s4 ,,buonaparte4 ,talleyrand1 what's the state of my great preparation1 ,to crush1 at one stroke1 this vile1 insolent nation1 ,that baffles my projects1 my vengeance derides1 ,blasts all my proud hopes1 checks my arrogant strides4 ,boasts a ,press unrestrained1 points its censure at ,,me1 ,and while ,frenchmen are ,slaves1 still presumes to be free8 ,,talleyrand4 ,in a ,month1 ,sire1 or less1 your magnanimous host1 ,their standards shall fix on the rude ,british ,coast4 ,,buonaparte4 ',tis well--let the troops be kept hungry and bare1 ,to make them more keen--for that ,island's good fare4 ,give them drafts upon ,london1 instead of their pay1 ,and rouse them to ravish1 burn1 plunder1 and slay4 ,prepare1 too1--some draughts1 for the sick and the lame2 ,you know what ,i mean4 ,,talleyrand4 ,as in ,syria8 ,,buonaparte4 ,the same6 ,that ,england ,i hate1 and its armies subdued1 ,the slaughter of ,jaffa shall there be renew'd4 ,not a wretch that presumes to oppose1 but shall feel ,the flames of my fury1 the force of my steel4 ,their daughters1 and wives1 to my troops ,i consign2 ,so shall vengeance1 sweet vengeance1 deep-glutted1 be mine1 ,their children-- ,,talleyrand4 ,what6 massacre them1 my dread ,lord8 ,,buonaparte4 ,why not8 with me ,,pity was never the word6 ,that island once conquer'd1 the world is my own1 ,and its ruins shall furnish the base of my throne4 ,,talleyrand4 ,what a project6 how vast6--yet allow me one word2 ,sir1 the ,english are brave1 and can wield well the sword4 ,in defence of their freedom1 their ,king1 and their soil1 ,not a man but would dare the most perilous toil4 ,should our troops but appear1 they will rush to the field1 ,and will die on the spot to a man e'er they yield4 ,in defence of their honour1 their women will fight1 ,and their navy1 triumphant1 still sails in our sight4 ,,buonaparte4 ,hush1 hush1 say no more lest some listeners should hear1 ,and our troops should be taught these fierce ,britons to fear4 ,they are brave2 and my soldiers have felt it--what then8 ,our numbers are more--to their five1 we are ten4 ,say their sailors are skilful1 oak hearted1 and true1 ,one army may fail1 yet another may do4 ,and though thousands should fatten the sharks in the sea1 ,there are thousands remaining1 to perish for me4 ,in a night1 or a fog1 we will silent steal over1 ,and surprise unexpected1 the ,castle of ,dover4 ,then to gull the poor dupes of that navy bound land1 ,you have lies ready coin'd--'tis your trade1 at command4 ,we will tell them1 and swear it1 our sole end and aim1 ,is to make them all equally rich--all the same4 ,i see by your smile you interpret my meaning1 ,that where my troops reap1 they leave nothing for gleaning4 ,they soar at a palace1 they swoop to a cot1 ,and plunder--not leaving one bone for the pot4 ,now1 ,sir1 to your duty1 your business prepare1 ,leave the rest to my ,genius1 my fortune1 my care4 ,exit ,buonaparte1 ,talleyrand looking after him4 ,,talleyrand4 ,your fortune1 ,i fear1 ,sir1 will play you a trick3-- ,notwithstanding his vaunts1 he is touch'd to the quick4 ,what folly6 what madness1 this project inspires1 ,to conquer a nation1 whom liberty fires4 ,even now from their shores1 loudly echoed1 ,i hear ,the song of defiance appalling mine ear4 ,their spirit once rous'd1 what destruction awakes6 ,what vengeance1 the wretched invaders o'ertakes4 ,prophetic1 ,i plead1 but my warning is vain1 ,ambition still urges1 and maddens his brain3 ,fired with hopes of rich booty1 his soldiers all burn1 ,,they ,,may ,,go1 ,,some ,,may ,,land1 ,,but ,,not ,,one ,,will ,,return4 ,j4 ,b4 7,november #e1 #ahjc7 produced #8,boney in time for ,lord ,mayors ,feast4' ,at this banquet a sailor produces ,napoleon chained1 and with a collar round his neck4 ,he thus introduces him3 #8,here he is1 please your ,honors4 ,we caught him alive1 on the ,suffolk ,coast4 ,he was a little queerish at first1 but a few ,stripes at the ,gangway soon brought him about4 ,i told him he was just in time for the ,lord ,mayor's ,show4 ,what does your honor think of him for the ,man in ,armour8' ,the ,lord ,mayor1 glass in hand1 says3 #8,ay1 you see how we live at this end of the town1 but you get no ,roast beef here1 ,master ,boney--,let him have plenty of ,soup ,maigre--and in the evening take him up to the ,ball ,room for the amusement of the ,ladies--,come1 heres the glorious ,ninth of ,november4' #8,destruction of the ,french ,gun ,boats--or ,little ,boney and his friend ,talley in high ,glee' is presumably by ,gillray1 though not signed by him 7,november #bb1 #ahjc74 ,it represents the total destruction of the ,french flotilla by the ,english fleet--which ,napoleon1 mounted on ,talleyrand's shoulder1 is watching with great glee through a rolled-up paper 7,talleyrand's plan for invading ,great ,britain71 which is being used in lieu of a telescope4 ,he shouts out1 in great delight1 #8,oh my dear ,talley1 what a glorious sight6 ,we've worked up ,johnny ,bull into a fine passion6 ,my good fortune never leaves me6 ,i shall now get rid of a ,hundred ,thousand ,french ,cut ,throats whom ,i was so afraid of6 ,oh1 my dear ,talley1 this beats the ,egyptian ,poisoning hollow6 ,bravo ,johnny6 pepper 'em ,johnny6' ,ansell is answerable for #8,boney's ,journey to ,london1 or the reason why he is so long in coming1 i4e4 because he travels like a ,snail with his house at his back' 7,november #bc1 #ahjc74 ,he is portrayed as being in a wooden house1 drawn by his soldiers1 who are being unmercifully whipped with a knout-like weapon4 ,napoleon1 calling out to the officer who is administering the punishment1 #8,you ,vagabones1 make haste1 ,vite1 ,vite1 or ,i shall not get to ,london by ,christmass4 ,give them more of the ,fraternal ,whip1 the dam ,rascals do not know the value of ,liberty4' ,,end ,,of ,,the ,,first ,,volume4 ,spottiswoode ,co41 ,printers1 ,new-street ,square1 ,london4 ,,footnotes #a ,chevalier ,artand's ,italy1 p4 #cgg2 #8,l',univers pittoresque1 ,europe1' tome #b1 ,paris1 #aheg1 ed4 ,didot4 #b #8,ragguaglio ,storico di tutto l'occorso1 giorno per giorno1 nel ,sacco di ,roma dell'anno #aebg1 scritto da ,jacopo ,bonoparte1 gentiluomo ,samminiatere' 7from ,san ,miniato1 near ,florence7 #8che vi se trov presente4' #c ,notes and ,queries1 #crd series1 vol4 xi4 p4 #cjg4 #d ,from 1 good1 and 1 part or share--,buona-parte4 #e ,notes and ,queries1 #crd series1 vol4 xi4 p4 #ejg4 #f ,memoirs of ,madame ,junot1 ,duchesse d',abrantes1 ,bentley1 ,london1 #ahhc4 ,when quoting from her memoirs ,i always use this translation4 #g ,napoleon omitted the #8u' in ,buonaparte while general-in-chief in ,may #agif4 #h ,madam ,junot was very proud of her descent from ,constantine ,comnenus1 the tenth ,protogeras of ,maina1 who quitted ,greece in #afge1 landed at ,genoa ,jan4 #a1 #afgf1 and arrived at ,corsica ,march #ad1 #afgf4 #i ,buonaparte et la famille1 ou ,confidences d'un de leurs anciens amis1 ,paris #ahaf4 #aj ,denying by every means the authority of nations1 obedience to princes1 or liberty to the ,church4 ,he usurped the goods of all1 the treasure of neutrals1 the souls of nations3 in very truth he was an execrable tyrant4 #aa ,the ,corsican's ,downfall1 p4 #i4 #ab ,buonaparte the ,emperor of the ,french considered as the ,lucifer and ,gog of ,isiah and ,ezekiel1 c41 by ,l4 ,mayer1 ,lond4 #ahjf1 p4 #hf4 #ac ,memoirs1 p4 #bfi4 #ad ,his nephew was afterwards prefect in ,corsica4 ,he was a relation of ,napoleon4 #ae ,daughter of ,charles ,bonaparte1 the ,emperor's uncle1 and wife of ,paraviccini1 a cousin1 also1 of ,napoleon4 #af ,memoirs1 p4 #g4 #ag ,buonapartiana1 ou ,choix d',anecdotes curieuses1 ,paris1 #ahad4 #ah ,the ,life of ,napoleon1 a ,hudibrastic ,poem in ,fifteen ,cantos1 by ,doctor ,syntax 7,william ,combe74 ,london1 #ahae4 #ai ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 p4 #aj4 #bj ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 p4 #cc4 #ba ,for instance1 see ,notes and ,queries1 #crd series1 vol4 vii4 p4 #cfd4 #bb ,romance of ,london1 vol4 iii4 p4 #agb1 ed4 #ahfe4 #bc ,memoirs of ,madame ,junot1 vol4 i4 p4 #gc4 #bd ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 p4 #hj4 #be ,amours et ,aventures du ,vicomte de ,barras1 ,paris1 #ahag4 #bf ,notre ,dame de ,thermidor1 p4 #dbi4 #bg ,madame ,tallien and ,madame ,viconti4 #bh ,madame ,junot's ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 p4 #bdi4 #bi ,gillray1 evidently1 was not particular as to dates1 for ,napoleon married ,josephine in #agif4 #cj ,history of the ,french ,consulate under ,napoleon ,buonaparte1 c41 by ,w4 ,barre1 ,london1 #ahjd4 #ca ,r4 ,h4 ,horne4 #cb ,g4 ,m4 ,bussey4 #cc ,the ,lord ,mayor of ,london1 ,thomas ,blackhall4 #cd ,a bogey1 a bugbear4 #ce ,the ,directory4 #cf ,he was the father of our great caricaturist1 ,george2 but there is little doubt from the internal evidence of the pictures1 that ,george either wholly produced1 or materially helped in the execution of many caricatures signed with his father's name4 #cg ,fox's residence4 #ch ,the ,true ,briton1 ,may #aa1 #agih4 #ci ,histoire de ,bonaparte1 ,premier ,consul1 ,depuis sa ,naissance1 jusqu' la ,paix de ,lunville1 ,paris1 chez ,barba1 #ahja4 #dj ,the italics are mine4--,j4 ,a4 #da ,memoirs1 vol4 i4 p4 #bji #db ,eleven hundred guineas were collected at once on the first day1 besides which1 the ,times1 ,october #d1 says1 #8,the ,royal ,exchange and ,london ,assurance ,companies have subscribed #ajj guineas each1 and the ,east ,india ,company have voted #a1jjjl4 towards this benevolent and patriotic fund4' #dc ,from ,bonduca1 by ,henry ,purcell1 ,a4,d4 #agaj4 #dd ,there is a long account of this lady in ,amours secrtes de ,napolon1 des ,princes et ,princesses de sa famille1 c41 by ,m4 de ,b4444 #b vols41 ,paris1 #ahdd1 #abmo4 #de ,napoleon in ,exile1 or a ,voice from ,st4 ,helena1 c41 by ,barry ,e4 ,o',meara4 #b vols41 ,london1 #ahbb4 ,vol4 ii4 p4 #abg4 #df ,ibid41 vol4 i4 p4 #cbi4 #dg ,history of ,buonaparte1 price #f;d4 ,printed by ,cox1 ,son1 ,baylis1 #ge ,great ,queen ,street4 #dh ,vol4 i4 p4 #bji4 #di ,of ,aboukir4 #ej ,which probably gave details of the defeats of the ,french by ,suwaroff1 who is thus described in the ,vienna ,gazette 7according to his portrait by ,gillray1 ,may #bc1 #agii73 #8,this extraordinary man is now in the prime of life1 six feet ten inches in height1 never tastes either wine or spirits1 takes but one meal a day1 and every morning plunges into an ice bath2 his wardrobe consists of a plain shirt1 a white waistcoat and breeches1 short boots1 and a ,russian cloak2 he wears no covering on his head either by day or night2 when tired1 he wraps himself up in a blanket1 and sleeps in the open air2 he has fought twenty-nine pitched battles1 and been in seventy-five engagements4' #ea ,in the ,times of ,november #ae1 #agii1 we read of this dinner 7,november #g7 that #8,buonaparte gave the toast1 8,to the union of all ,frenchmen40' ,the same paper records that ,bonaparte had presented ,moreau with a robe enriched with diamonds1 which he brought from ,egypt1 and was valued at #aj1jjj livres4 ,this probably purchased his aid in the coup d'tat of the #ahth ,brumaire4 #eb ,a gross exaggeration1 for he only had his coat torn by a ,deputy who had sufficient courage to collar him4 #ec ,this was one of ,fuseli's celebrated #8,milton ,gallery1' a series of #dg pictures1 produced between the years #agij and #ahjj4 #ed ,no4 #h1 ,nov4 #g1 #ahjj4 #ee ,the ,porcupine1 ,no4 #ac1 ,nov4 #ac4 #ef ,ibid4 ,no4 #bh1 ,dec4 #a4 #eg ,the ,porcupine1 ,no4 #cj1 ,dec4 #c1 #ahjj4 #eh ,the ,porcupine1 ,no4 #fj1 ,jan4 #g1 #ahja4 #ei ,the ,porcupine1 ,no4 #fa1 ,jan4 #h1 #ahja4 #fj ,dec4 #ca1 #ahjj4 #fa ,lauriston4 #fb ,porcupine1 ,no4 #bia1 ,oct4 #c1 #ahjj4 #fc ,porcupine1 ,no4 #bih4 #fd ,an allusion to his play of that name4 #fe ,memoirs of the ,later ,years of the ,right ,honourable ,charles ,james ,fox1 by ,john ,bernard ,trotter1 ,esq41 late private secretary to ,mr4 ,fox1 ,london1 #ahaa4 #ff ,fox4 #fg ,trotter4 #fh ,her real name1 vide his ,marriage ,register1 was ,elizabeth ,b4 ,cane4 #fi ,january #a1 #ahjc4 ,artist unknown4 #gj ,a name bestowed on young ,addington4 #ga ,garnerin1 the aeronaut4 #gb ,lord ,whitworth4 #gc ,st4 ,james's ,chronicle1 ,may #ag_/ai1 #ahjc4 #gd ,whitworth4 #ge ,is from ,mr4 ,stanhope's speech at a meeting of ,yorkshire noblemen and gentlemen1 at the ,castle1 ,york1 ,july #bh1 #ahjc1 for the purpose of addressing the king on the situation of the country4 #gf #8,death is an eternal sleep1' vide ,robespierre's ,decree4 #gg ,another name for old ,nick4 #gh ,november #c4 #gi ,fesch4 #hj ,placentia4 #ha ,who had the chief share in promoting the ,concordat with the ,pope4 #hb ,the ,treaty of ,luneville was signed ,feb4 #i1 #ahja4 #hc #8,a bawbling vessell was he ,captain of1 ,for shallow draught and bulk unprizable4'--,twelfth ,night1 act #e1 sc4 i4 ,trifling1 insignificant1 contemptible4 #hd ,pidcock's ,menagerie was one of the best and largest that used to exhibit in ,bartholomew and other fairs3 the animals being hired from ,cross's famous collection in ,exeter #8,change4 ,at this time 7#ahjc7 ,pidcock was probably dead1 as he exhibited in #agfi4 ,the show was afterwards known as ,polito's4 #he ,hanging them4 ,a revival of the old ,revolutionary cry of #8 la ,lanterne6' #hf ,indicative of ,hanover4 #hg ,the ,marquis of ,hartington in a speech in the ,house of ,commons1 ,march #ag1 #ahhd1 said #8there were now #bji1cfe volunteers enrolled1 of whom #bjb1dgh were efficient4'--,morning ,post1 ,march #ah1 #ahhd4 ,transcriber's ,notes ,punctuation1 hyphenation1 and spelling were made consistent when a predominant preference was found in this book2 otherwise they were not changed4 ,missing or extraneous accent marks in ,french text have not been changed4 ,simple typographical errors were corrected2 occasional unbalanced double and single quotation marks were retained4 ,ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained4 ,page #cb refers to eight plates by ,woodward about ,josephine1 but the book only contained seven4 ,page #ei3 ,the symbol before 8,an undoubted likeness0 is a hand1 pointing to the right4 ,page #fb3 8,sacrement0 was printed that way4 ,page #gc3 8,the ,gallant ,nellson0 was printed that way4 ,page #abc3 ,in the original book1 8,egypt0 was printed with a strikethrough and replaced by 8,earth04 ,in the text version of this e,book1 this is represented by 8,egypt_/,earth04 ,page #afb3 the vexation of ,little ,boney4 vide the was printed that way4 ,in other sources1 ,vide is capitalized and often followed by a period and a capital ,the4 ,page #agj3 8,projets0 was printed that way4 ,page #aga3 8quareling0 was printed that way4 ,page #bja3 ,in the original book1 the asterism was inverted4 ,lyrics on pages #bac-bad and #bbe were printed with music scores1 as indicated by ,music4