,,the ,,philosophy    ,,which ,,shows   
,,the    ,,physiology ,,of ,,mesmerism1 
,,and ,,explains ,,the    ,,phenomenon  
,,of ,,clairvoyance4    ,,by    ,t4 ,h4 
,,pasley4    ,to form a just opinion of 
a novel mode of philosophising1 we      
should  study the subject1 and not      
condemn without being able to prove it  
erroneous4    ,he is not an ,esculapian 
who is unacquainted with the ,philosophy
 of the  ,animal ,economy4    ,,london3 
,,longman1 ,,brown1 ,,green1 ,,and      
,,longmans4    #ahdh4    ,,tyler        
,,reed1  ,,printers1  ,,bolt-,,court1   
,,fleet ,,street4          ,,dedication4
      ,the following trite sketch of the
 ,philosophy of ,nature1 dedicates      
itself to the most noble ,champions of  
,mesmerism1 ,doctor ,,elliotson  and    
,doctor ,,ashburner of ,london1 and     
,doctor ,,esdaile of ,calcutta1 in      
compliment and grateful acknowledgment  
for having rescued from the  fangs of   
ignorance1 envy1 and self-conceit1 the  
science of health and  knowledge--the   

science of ,mesmerism1 which unfolds the
 hitherto unknown  wonders of the       
,animal system2 and will unfold the     
wonders of the entire  universe1 when   
the telescope and microscope are        
familiarly used by the  ,clairvoyant4   
,,advertisement4      ,it is not the    
intention of the present work1 that what
 is herein  described should be received
 as the philosophy of ,nature according 
to  the precision of ,nature2 but1      
through exemplification1 on principles  
deduced from the ,natural ,inertia of   
,matter1 to point out the mode by  which
 the philosophy1 which should govern all
 illustration of physical  phenomena1 is
 discoverable1--the ,philosophy of      
,mechanical ,nature4      ,,jersey1     
,july #a1 #ahdh4          ,,contents4   
,,page    ,,dedication                  
iii    ,,advertisement                  
v    ,,table ,,of ,,contents            
vii    ,,mesmerism ,,and ,,established  
,,philosophy               #a           
,,attraction                            

#aj    ,,philosophy1 ,,experimental     
#ac    ,,physiology ,,and ,,function    
,,of ,,the ,,senses             #ae     
,,matter                                
#bc    ,,motion                         
#bd    ,,medium ,,of ,,space            
#bh    ,,minus-,,pressure ,,matter      
#ca    ,,fire                           
#cd    ,,medium ,,of ,,fire             
#cg    ,,expansion                      
#ci    ,,oxygen ,,air                   
#da    ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,oxygen ,,in   
,,promoting ,,combustion         #db    
,,combustion                            
#dc    ,,water                          
#dg    ,,solvency                       
#ec      ,,gastric ,,solvency           
#ed    ,,use ,,of ,,the ,,inspired      
,,oxygen ,,within ,,the ,,system        
#ef      ,,spleen1 ,,its ,,use          
#ei      ,,diaphragm1 ,,how ,,raised    
#fj    ,,correlative ,,elements         
#fa    ,,magnetism                      
#fb    ,,natural ,,sleep                
#fe      ,,comatose ,,flow              

#ff      ,,mesmeric ,,sleep             
#fh    ,,vision                         
#gj    ,,transparency                   
#gg    ,,opacity                        
#gg    ,,the ,,nervous ,,fluid          
#gh    ,,clairvoyance                   
#ha      ,,long ,,vision                
#hb      ,,opaque ,,vision              
#hc    ,,rigidity                       
#hf    ,,pain                           
#hf      ,,mesmerism1 ,,curative        
#hg      ,,ethers                       
#hg    ,,report                         
#hh    ,,voluntary ,,de-,,electrisation 
#ia      ,,will1 ,,the ,,nature ,,and   
,,power ,,of                   #ib      
,,application ,,of ,,mesmerism          
#ie    ,,continuous ,,motion            
#ig      ,,ascending ,,and ,,descending 
,,motion                 #ii            
,,centripetal ,,flow                    
#ii    ,,formation ,,of ,a ,,planet     
#ajj      ---- ,,and ,,use ,,of ,a      
,,comet                        #ajc     
,,transcriber',s ,,note                 

,,philosophy1    ,,etc41 ,,etc4         
,,mesmerism ,,and ,,established         
,,philosophy4      ,long as clairvoyance
 has remained the riddle1 jest and      
wonder of the  world1 it is questioned  
by none why the established philosophy  
of  this superiorly enlightened age is  
incompetent to account for this  or any 
other mesmerically produced phenomenon1 
or afford the least  glimmer of light by
 which it were possible to arrive at the
 physiology4  ,why the philosophy of    
,aristotle1 ,bacon1 ,newton1 ,des       
,cartes1 ,davy1  ,liebig--honoured      
names1 and most justly1 as the ancient  
and modern  fathers in science--can     
afford no scintillation whereby to      
lessen the  obscurity in which this most
 interesting subject is involved1 should
  appear strange and unaccountable to   
all lovers of philosophy4 ,by           
,professors the question should be      
answered4 ,to consider it unworthy  of  
being looked into1 would be a tacit     
confession that ,professors are         

indifferent to the natural truth2 which 
proves all such to be but half          
reasoners1 and not philosophers1        
notwithstanding all their mathematical  
learning and experimental experience4   
,it should have been questioned long    
since1 whether the philosophy be  not   
untrue which leaves all mankind in the  
dark1 in a mere physical  case1 however 
mysterious the psychological result1 the
 effect of manual  application1 and in  
the power of almost every person to     
produce4 ,the  mesmerising operation and
 effect includes nothing of necromancy  
or  trick2 is openly performed1 and     
produced mechanically2 and although the 
passes make a living being appear as if 
in a novel state of existence1  the     
immediate effect1 polarisation of the   
extremities of the body1 is  the same   
precisely as is effected on the iron bar
 when passed along  the poles of a      
loadstone4 ,this1 and numerous other    
physical phenomena1  which to the       
present day remain unexplained1 and as  

if inexplicable1  afford much reason for
 at least the conjecture1 that modern   
philosophy  is not the philosophy of    
physical nature2 which1 if not1 it must 
be  false and misleading1 inasmuch as   
there can be but one philosophy1  by    
reason of there being but one species of
 matter throughout all  nature1 and but 
one cause of action1--the general       
pressure4 ,from  which it follows1 that 
as the philosophy of nature is that of  
matter  universally1 there can be no    
physical phenomenon which it does not   
explain4 ,therefore1 the phenomena which
 modern philosophy has neither  laws nor
 rules competent to explain1 are so many
 proofs that the  established philosophy
 of the age is false philosophy2 which  
is  provable throughout all its         
particulars1 however rash and           
adventurous  may appear the             
announcement4 ,besides1 at the present  
day1 there are  several different       
philosophies maintained2 every          
profession has its  own2 which is proof 

of the strongest nature that not one is 
true1  dissent from the truly natural   
being impossible1 so universally is it  
applicable4 ,eventually it will be      
admitted that the philosophy of the     
nineteenth century is founded on the    
crude ideas of the imperfectly  learned 
in the earliest days of science1 ever   
since adopted1 and  never investigated1 
instead of being deduced solely from the
 ,,inert  ,,nature ,,of ,,matter1 the   
only true basis4 ,on modern philosophy1 
,davy  makes the shrewd remark1 that it 
is no better than a mere compilation  of
 isolated facts and circumstances1      
differently accounted for1 and  leading 
to no general theory3 such is not the   
philosophy of nature4    ,that matter is
 inert1 is made manifest in there being 
nothing  whatever throughout the whole  
of inanimate nature which can act or    
move of itself4 ,matter does nothing1   
cannot act2 it is the passive  patient  
of the general pressure1 which alone can
 act2 and pressure is  universal1       

because of matter being inert4 ,matter  
is not only inert1  but unalterable2 on 
which principles the constancy of the   
order  and laws of nature depend4       
,inert1 unalterable matter can suffer no
  change but of a local nature--change  
of place1 which implies motion1  for    
which there is no analogous cause but   
impulsive pressure4 ,these              
unquestionable physical truisms are     
stated in advance1 from being           
intimately connected with every physical
 change1 in order to serve as a         
standard of comparison from which to    
form an opinion while canvassing  the   
principles and laws by which the        
scientific world has been for  centuries
 not only governed1 but misled4         
,newton admits the principle of inertia1
 but considers it an innate  passive    
power1 which enables a body to resist   
against being moved2  and when in       
motion1 enables it to resist that which 
would put it  out of motion4 ,inertia1 a
 passive power1 is as death1 being      

passive  animation2 and inertia enabling
 a body to act against force1 is        
nothing short of active inertia1 or vis 
inerti1 which means the  force of       
inability4 ,this monstrous perversion of
 a natural fundamental  principle1 and  
by such high authority1 pervades the    
whole of the  established philosophy4   
,it makes the planets1 which are but    
clumps of  deadly inert matter1         
gravitate themselves through space2 and 
makes  inert atoms competent to perform 
attraction on each other wherever  they 
exist4 ,a more absurd article of belief 
has no place in the  ,athanasian code of
 mind-perverting dogmas2 yet admitted as
 true by  the most eminently talented   
and highly learned of the present age4  
,while such inconsistent principles of  
common-place use are gravely  defended1 
the known facts of mesmerism are        
obstinately and ignorantly  denied2 and 
only because of not being understood2   
that1 were it not  for the good sense   
and philanthropic perseverance of the   

enlightened1  noble-minded ,elliotsons1 
,ashburners1 and ,esdailes1 of the      
,british  empire--honourable1 heroic    
champions and victors in the cause of   
truth1  humanity and science1 in despite
 of the self-conceit which affects  the 
knowledge of the limits of possibility2 
that1 were it not for the  magnanimity  
of those superiors belonging to the     
learned profession1  this               
heaven-bestowed boon1 carrying healing  
on the wing to suffering  humanity1     
would have been contemptuously received1
 ungratefully  acknowledged1 and long   
since consigned to the rubbish of       
oblivion4 ,yet  all have claim to the   
common apology1 false scientific        
education1  excepting those who have    
assented to what they have seen with    
wonder1  and afterwards denied their    
admission4    ,the established          
philosophy cannot account for the boy's 
marble going  farther through the air   
than the fullest extent of the impelling
  thumb4 ,the proposition may appear    

trifling and insignificant1 yet is  it  
worthy the consideration of the ,chair  
of ,knowledge1 from which it  has never 
been explained nor there understood1 as 
involving the cause  of planetary       
motion2 for1 in all nature there are not
 two causes of  motion4 ,that the marble
 partakes of the force1 and partakes of 
the motion of that by which it is       
impelled1 is an absurd idea2 the  force 
and motion of a body were not1 and      
cannot become1 the force and  motion of 
any other body4    ,the established     
philosophy cannot account for the       
splinters of a stone  having motion out 
of the direction of impulse1 nor for    
having motion  in every direction but   
that of the stone-breaker's impelling   
hammer1  which appears at variance with 
the natural1 immutable dynamic law1     
which says1 that as a body cannot move  
itself1 so must it have motion  in the  
direction only of that by which it is   
being moved4 ,neither is  there any     
philosophy extant1 which explains why   

the stone at ,texteth of  one hundred   
tons should rise1 as if of itself1 six  
inches in the air1  under which the     
quarrymen could have shoved a hand and  
withdrawn it  safely1 before the immense
 mass fell crushingly on the former bed4
    ,on the other hand1 what the        
established philosophy undertakes to    
explain1 it explains erroneously4       
,beside maintaining the transfer of a   
local casualty1 in accounting for       
continuous motion1 it teaches that  the 
power of steam consists in heat1 and    
that cold congeals water3  whereas heat 
and cold have no physical existence2    
each is a sensation1  anything similar  
to which it is impossible for either    
fire or water to  possess4 ,so that to  
the present day the power of steam1 the 
cause of  combustion and of congelation 
has in each instance remained unknown4  
,so simple is nature1 so few her laws1  
that were any one of her  phenomena     
known throughout all its bearings1 it   
would be found that  the knowledge      

includes the philosophy of the whole of 
matter4 ,of this  ,aristotle was aware  
when announcing1 that he who is         
unacquainted with  motion1 is ignorant  
of all things in true philosophy4       
,motion being the  only effect          
producible on inert1 unalterable matter1
 the knowledge  of the phenomenon       
includes that of all effect4 ,the       
substance of all  things being of the   
same species1 and the power of ,nature  
consisting  in universal pressure1 the  
formations in general nature and in the 
laboratory of art can have but the same 
principles1 laws1 theory1 and           
philosophy4 ,paul may plant and ,apollos
 water2 nature germinates1 the  weather 
or climate grows and fructifies4 ,the   
chymist's fire does  not burn itself2 in
 the absence of air and its pressure    
there is no  combustion2 neither is     
there growth1 respiration1 nor life4    
,according to the philosophy of the     
astronomer1 the earth has projectile    
motion1 from impulse once impressed1 at 

the beginning1 and not since  renewed2  
which is effect six thousand times1 at  
least1 greater  than the cause4 ,then1  
again1 as motion must be in the         
direction of  impulse and cease out of  
that direction1 the earth1 from impulse 
once impressed1 goes round the sun      
without being impelled2 or of  its own  
accord1 and should be centripetally     
attracted to the sun1 if  solar         
attraction were possible4 ,it needs no  
mathematical calculation  to prove1     
that1 from such philosophy being wholly 
independent of all  consideration of    
natural cause1 it is untrue1 and at     
variance with  common sense4    ,the    
philosophy of the chymist is of         
every-day make4 ,it assumes  different  
species of matter2 chymical matter and  
matter not chymical2  attractions       
innumerable1 such as chymical1 electric1
 galvanic1  capillary1 and attraction of
 cohesion2 likewise magnetic forces1    
chymical affinities1 and affections of  
matter--while as yet there  is none of  

them--matter being inert naturally4 ,to 
mechanical  nature the entire is useless
 and foreign1 and their value lies      
solely  in being terms of professional  
application in the highly important     
chymical art2 but to the discovery of   
true philosophy they are an             
insurmountable obstacle4 ,how chymical  
matter differs from the common  matter  
of the world1 no chymist can say or     
conceive2 nor is there any  difference  
in the substance and nature of inert    
matter3 as well might  it be maintained 
that motion is not always mechanical1   
but sometimes  chymical4 ,the true      
philosophy of chymistry is dynamic1 the 
basis  inertia1 the laws those of       
quantity and relative position4    ,the 
philosophy of the anatomist and         
physiologist is semi-natural1           
semi-spiritual1 mechanical and vital4   
,life1 throughout all belonging  to the 
frame1 does not suffice2 the heart and  
blood have each an  imputed1 distinct1  
living principle2 the nerves are        

sensitive1 the  muscles irritable2 the  
flesh has its susceptibility1 according 
to  the modern physiology4 ,the sainted 
health-preserver shudders at the        
irreligious notion of the economy being 
philosophised on at all2 more           
especially according to the laws of     
hydrostatics2 it being impious  beyond  
measure to reason on the work of ,god's 
own hand1 formed after  his own image   
and likeness1 7malformations excepted17 
as on human  mechanism4 ,yet1 where are 
any of these vitalities and living      
principles  when respiration is suddenly
 stopped8 ,verily1 these professionals  
endow1 most gratuitously1 the animal    
frame with as many vitalities  and      
living principles as the lives bestowed 
on the tailor's--so much  the more      
unfortunate--cat4 ,as every organ of the
 body is inert2 no  organ1 of itself1   
performs the function2 every function is
 mechanically  performed1 and every     
effect analogous to impulsive pressure1 
whether  consisting in formation1       

intermixture1 or dissolution1 all depend
  on elementary local change4 ,the      
contrary is not in the power of the     
anatomist and physiologist to prove of  
inert1 unalterable1 atomic  substance2  
nor should more causes be assumed than  
what are natural1  common1 sufficient1  
and analogous to effects4 ,spiritual    
principles for  mechanical purposes are 
as little requisite for animal organism 
as for  the steam-engine1 or the        
performances of a watch4      ,the last 
on the list of professional philosophies
 is that of the  ,therapeutist2 the     
least misleading1 from being the most   
concise4 ,the  word ,,action includes   
the whole4 ,there is no inquiry to which
 the word  action is not the            
deeply-learned significant reply2 being 
indefinite1  it stands for a dead-stop  
silencer4 ,the doctor knows best--with  
much  room for knowing better4 ,the     
doctor knows1 and assures from his own  
certain knowledge1 that the action of   
the dose on the stomach  upheaves the   

sac2 but rather than be thought         
positive1 allows that the  effect may be
 from the action of the stomach on the  
dose4 ,the good  easy man of ,m4,d4     
celebrity1 or mediocrity1 has to learn1 
that the dose  is as inert as when in   
the tea-cup1 and the stomach as inert as
  when it has arrived at the predicted  
destiny1 the dissecting table4  ,again1 
the action of the pain prevents the     
action of the physic1  otherwise the    
cure would have been immediate4 ,such   
philosophy is  harmless1 if so to the   
patient2 from its insignificance it     
corrupts  neither pathology1 osteology1 
nor dynamics4 ,not so the learning1     
published on high surgical authority1 to
 enlighten ward-walking                 
noviciates--that pain may exist in the  
flesh and bones without  being felt1    
owing to the insensible sensibility of  
the part1  which amounts to an          
excruciating1 painless toothache1 and1  
the being  unconscious of excited       
consciousness4 ,pain is not in the      

diseased or  wounded part1 being the    
consequence of cerebral excitement2 pain
 is one  of the objects of perception   
belonging to the scenery of the         
sensorium1  from which it cannot        
migrate4 ,the disorganised part is but  
the apparent  place of pain2 and wisely 
such1 or else all remedial applications 
would be to the brain4 ,as to the dose  
and stomach action1 it stands  corrected
 by the diagnosis2 the stomach is lifted
 in consequence of  the equilibrium of  
pressure being destroyed by means of the
 dose1  notwithstanding its additional  
weight1 within the stomach4 ,chymical   
action of the dose and self-lifting     
muscles are all of ,esculapian  surmise4
 ,the faculty should cease to identify  
feeling1 pain1 sensation1  with organic 
ailments and disorganization of the     
flesh4          ,,attraction4           
,attraction is the all-pervading1       
all-perverting sin of the established   
philosophy1 the scape-goat1 on which the
 blunders of illustration  are heaped4  

,newtonians endow every atom of matter  
with not only an  attracting property1  
but another1 as if to neutralise        
it--repulsion1  which renders both      
useless2 as if to make matter both      
active and inert1  naturally1 and as if 
,nature were planned on principles of   
complexity1  from having double the     
number of powers the universe is        
possessed of  atoms4 ,one steam power   
would suffice for the whole of ,england1
 all  appendages being feasible4 ,how is
 solidity either maintainable or        
attainable1 while attracting atoms are  
repelling atoms8 ,the free1  uncombined 
condition of the atoms of the           
atmosphere1 as well as their  inertia1  
proclaim their inability to attract each
 other2 and the mere  crack in a pane of
 glass1 that between bodies there is no 
attraction4  ,while it is left to be    
conceived by the so-taught rising       
generation1  that the atoms of a bar of 
iron are busily employed in attracting  
one another1 and as busily in repelling 

each other at the same time2  and that  
the same atoms are inert1 the           
long-denounced aspersion  stands good1  
that there is no absurdity1 however     
great1 into which  philosophers have not
 fallen2 which is removable only by     
,philosophers1  ,professors and         
,teachers coalescing to reform the      
erroneous doctrines  universally        
promulgated1 which cannot stand the test
 of rational  investigation1 and for    
which1 as ,national ,instructors1 they  
are morally  responsible4               
,terrestrial attraction1 attenuated on  
arriving at the moon1  and there        
sufficiently strong to prevent the      
satellite having  tangential flight1    
should be at the surface of the globe at
 least  two-hundred-and-forty-thousand  
times stronger2 yet here a puff of the  
breath drives the dust into the air1 and
 the smallest winged insect  is not     
restrained by the attraction of the     
enormous magnet the earth  is           
considered1 from escaping off the       

surface of the globe4 ,there is         
philosophy in mists1 as well as sermons 
in stones4 ,rain should come  down from 
above the clouds1 if terrestrial        
attraction hold fast the  moon3 mists   
and exhalations1 by quitting the earth1 
solve the problem2  but we are ignorant 
of the philosophy1 ways1 and expressions
 of simple  nature2 hence1 ours is      
foreign philosophy4    ,in attributing  
the fall of bodies to the ground to     
attraction1 it is  overlooked that the  
earth's greater attraction has to be    
exceeded by  the minor muscular1 or     
explosive force1 which caused the       
ascent4 ,the  foregoing plain facts1    
although demonstrations to the contrary 
are on  record in the royalized         
,,transactions1 but without reference to
 the  inability of inert matter to      
attract1 are certain proof that         
attraction  is founded on a guess-work  
basis4 ,hence1 that all learning is not 
knowledge is a moral certainty2 and that
 the nature of cause is not to  be      

arrived at by demonstrating the         
properties of lines and angles1 time    
has sufficiently proved4    ,had the    
fall of ,newton's apple been an effect  
of terrestrial  attraction1 there should
 have been some stronger attraction from
  somewhere above the tree1 to make the 
juices of which the apple was  formed   
ascend from the ground1 and capillary   
cannot be said to be  stronger than     
terrestrial attraction4 ,there is       
nothing but puzzle1  contradiction1 and 
inconsistency1 in human opinion1 where  
the natural  truth is unknown4 ,oh6     
apples1 apples1 why for discord sent8   
the first  cut short eternal life on    
earth2 another turned heaven-born reason
 to  inventing dreams2--that heaven-born
 reason which tells us every day of  its
 yesterday's mistakes4                  
,,experimental ,,philosophy4      ,the  
,baconian precept1 to torture ,nature   
out of her secrets1 has been1  and ever 
must be1 abortive of the good intended4 
,nature is performing  freely and openly

 every hour1 without making us wiser1   
and as little  while she is operating in
 our own experiments4 ,her language1 of 
which  inertia and pressure are the     
alpha and omega1 is not studied2  nor   
does it mislead or flatter like our own4
 ,experiments innumerable  have been    
performed2 the experimentum crucis      
resorted to2 the screw  applied to the  
utmost pinch1 without either confession 
or concealment  on ,nature's part4      
,hence1 the experimenter is left to make
 his own  philosophy of the case1 of    
which the next operator makes a         
different2  and all are falsely         
interpreted that violate the principle  
of inertia1  which all do4 ,aristotle1  
,bacon1 ,newton1 ,black1 ,reid1 ,davy1  
,des ,cartes1  experimented             
indefatigably under the most favourable 
auspices1--exalted  talent1 and the     
institutions of the world at command2   
but all on  false principles2 yet       
,nature1 tortured or not1 left them to  
their own  mis-interpretations4         

,aristotle1 true in his opinion of      
motion1 was  himself ignorant of the    
cause of continuous motion1 or all would
 not  be so at present4 ,bacon          
recommended experiment1 without teaching
 the  natural mode of interpretation4   
,newton spent his valuable time1 to the 
world's great loss1 in experimenting on 
light1 in ascertaining and  describing  
its properties1 as if there were        
material light2 instead of  which1 light
 is a mere sensible effect2 hence1 a    
physical nonentity4  ,black and ,reid   
called to their assistance all the      
powers of numbers1  to ascertain and    
prove the quantity of heat in the animal
 system1 and  of cold in ice2 but could 
not torture ,nature out of the          
information1  that heat and cold do not 
belong to matter or bodies1 as a        
knowledge of  the function of the senses
 could have informed them4 ,davy        
travelled to  ,skehallean to find from  
the size of the hill1 a ratio of        
attraction1  whence to calculate the    

quantity of attraction in the entire    
globe of  the earth3 at home1 correctly 
sought1 he would have found1 without    
numerical assistance and the pendulum1  
that the amount is zero4 ,the           
deflection of the pendulum was caused by
 the pressure on one side of  the bulb  
being greater than on the side facing   
the hill2 which1 from  varying hourly   
with the sun's altitude1 should have    
told him that the  deflection is a mere 
weather-deviating circumstance4    ,on  
the other hand1 who perceives the       
natural truths elicited by even  his own
 experiments6 ,that truly great         
philosopher1 ,priestly1 remained        
ignorant that his own experiments on    
blood and air brought to light  the     
principle on which the blood is         
arterialized1 without coming in  contact
 with the air in the lungs2 of which    
experiments the faculty are             
reprehensibly ignorant at present2 also 
the principle of congelation  without   
cold4 ,it is a general error that men   

must be philosophers  because they are  
mathematicians and first-rate           
experimenters1 yet do  not know what    
keeps the blood in motion1 nor how water
 becomes ice4    ,what experiment was   
ever so absurdly illustrated as that of 
ice formed  in the midst of fire2 which 
is explained by1 evaporation generating 
cold in a red-hot crucible1 and while   
maintaining that cold is only  the      
absence of heat4 ,the rationale is3 the 
oxygen of water is the  hindrance to    
congelation1 which the evaporation      
carries off1 and the  remaining elements
 of the water are compressed into ice4  
,what are the  elementary constituents  
of water1 has yet to be learned4 ,misled
 by  false-directing philosophy1 the    
analysis of a rotten potato1 in quest   
of the cause of the vegetable epidemic1 
is as wise as were the same  scientific 
procedure taken on the contents of a    
pustule to discover the  cause of the   
small pox3 the result in both cases must
 be a complete  new formation2 and in   

the former1 the result could be no      
preventive  information whatever to the 
planter4 ,to convince planters and      
remove  all timidity1 every garden owner
 should plant an experimental patch     
with potato peelings1 each having an    
eye2 the crop is certain and  good1 and 
supplies the cottager with the next     
year's seed at no  expense4 ,the cutting
 for seed may be of exhausted vegetating
 power1  while the peeling of even the  
same potato may be as sound as ever4    
,the  badly grown potatoes of the       
previous crop caused those of the       
following  to be of imperfect growth and
 perishable3 hence the general          
potato-rot4          ,,physiology ,,and 
,,function ,,of ,,the ,,senses4      ,by
 the popular expression1 ,evidence of   
the ,senses1 is universally  understood1
 the perception1 or seeing external     
bodies by the organs of  sense3 yet     
externals are invisible and the senses  
insentient4 ,this  mistake1 common among
 the fathers of every age1 has corrupted

 the  prevalent false philosophy        
tenfold4    ,the eye is not possessed of
 sight2 neither is colour a property  of
 matter1 or it must be indestructible by
 fire and every other  means4 ,the      
senses should be considered as but      
mechanical agents for  exciting the     
brain2 by which means it is we have our 
knowledge1 the  particulars of the whole
 of which are mental1 confined to the   
brain1  and consist1 solely1 in the     
cerebral excited scenery of the         
sensorium4  ,we have no other kind or   
means of acquiring knowledge1 that is1  
mental information4 ,by the mere organs 
of sense we know nothing4 ,the          
knowledge we have by means of the senses
 exciting the brain1 consists  in       
sensations or sensible effects1 and1 we 
know nothing but our  knowledge1        
whatever may be thought of externals    
being objects and  immediate objects of 
our knowledge4    ,in describing what we
 know1 it is imagined the description is
 of  external bodies1 their appearance1 

qualities1 and properties2 which1       
however harmless the mistake throughout 
busy-life affairs1--as all  abide1      
judge1 and are directed by the same kind
 of evidence1--not so  is it in         
philosophy1 which is a description of   
nature's own mode of  procedure2 and    
although it is impossible to describe   
invisible things1  as they are really1  
they should not be philosophised and    
reasoned  on1 as they are not2 they are 
not according to what we know1 and  can 
have no resemblance in any manner to    
sensations1 which are all  we know by   
means of them4 ,instead of knowing by   
the senses what  bodies are1 we know    
only what they are not2 modern          
philosophy is  regardless1 totally      
heedless of this most instructive most  
pointedly  directing information1       
instead of making the just allowance for
 mental  appearances1 it materializes   
every sensation1 and imputes the whole  
to the bodies outside of our own1 of    
which all we can possibly know  is but  

inferential knowledge3 it considers our 
sensations as being  qualities of bodies
 or properties of matter1 and maintains 
that some  are physical causes by which 
certain physical effects are produced4  
,such may be considered some of the     
principal reasons why clairvoyance  is  
unintelligible to all the most learned2 
and so must it ever remain1  or until a 
truer philosophy arises and rescues the 
great subject from  the darkness and    
errors of a perverting philosophy1 the  
whole of  which has to be abandoned     
before the mind is fitted for the       
reception  of natural truths4 ,we must  
cease to identify sensations with their 
unseen1 unknown1 and but promoting1     
material causes4 ,in proof of the       
foregoing1 a short review of the senses1
 their physiology1 function1  result of 
the function and use of the result1 must
 prove satisfactory  and convincing4    
,the physiology of a sense1 consists in 
an external organ1--as the  eye or ear1 
its nerves of sensation which spread    

through the brain1  and1 the nervous    
fluid4 ,to each of the senses there     
belongs a distinct  cerebral organ1     
which1 if deducted1 leaves nothing to   
constitute the  physiology1 but the     
external organ1 the nerves1 and nervous 
fluid2  such may be considered the      
physiology of all the senses1 so far as 
the  exciting mental perception is      
concerned4    ,the function of a sense  
is1 to act on and excite the cerebral   
organ1  when the nervous fluid is put   
into an acting state through external   
circumstances4    ,the result of the    
function1 is a sensation1 of which we   
have  immediate cognizance1 by reason of
 a sensation being a recent change  in  
consciousness4 ,the nervous fluid1 not  
the tubular nervous stri1  is that by   
which the brain is excited4    ,the use 
of the sensation is manifold4 ,emanating
 from the wonderful  ,economy1 is the   
law1 that1 the sensation which an       
external body  promotes1 shall1 to      
ourself1 seem to belong to that body4   

,the law is imperative4 ,the sensation  
being apparently at1 and belonging  to1 
the external object or body1 it is      
imagined the body is visible1  seen by  
the eyes1 and of the colour1 flavour1 or
 odour known by the  sensation4 ,the    
apparent place of the sensation directs 
to where the  body is situated4    ,no  
person thinks1 when a rose promotes the 
sensation of colour1 that  the object   
perceived is within himself3 without the
 sensation there  is no perception of   
red1 and with it1 nothing is perceived  
or seen of  colour or of the flower2 so 
that1 were the object coloured or not1  
it  is to the spectator invisible2 and  
as the sensation would be useless  were 
the object coloured and seen1 it is     
obvious that the flower is  uncoloured1 
therefore is not seen3 the seeing an    
uncoloured object is a  physical        
absurdity4 ,so is it with all           
sensations2 they constitute the  only   
objects of perception with which we are 
acquainted2 and1 such as  they are in   

any respect1 the outward objects are in 
no respect4 ,sound  is a sensation2 a   
sense has been provided that we should  
have knowledge  of sound2 there is      
nothing of sound or noise in the air2   
the function  of the sense is not to    
hear1 but excite the auditory cerebral  
organ1  and the sensation1 in which     
alone sound consists1 seems to be       
outside  of us1 and seems to come from a
 bell1 but which has nothing of the     
kind to part with2 yet it is imagined   
that sound enters the ear4 ,thus  is it 
supposed that the sensation externally  
exists1 and is sound heard  by the ear4 
,the philosopher so instructed1         
calculates the velocity of  the physical
 nonentity sound4    ,luminousness1     
light1 colour1 sound1 heat1 cold1       
flavour1 odour1 are  sensations1--each  
of the entire is traceable from the     
function of the  senses to the          
sensorium3 deduct these1 there is       
nothing perceived or to  perceive2 by   
means of the senses1 respectively1 we   

have knowledge of  each1--and by the    
senses exciting the brain are the whole 
produced1 as  sensible effects4 ,outward
 bodies can have nothing the same or    
similar  to sensible effects2 and       
therefore nothing of the whole belongs  
to  matter or bodies1 or to physical    
philosophy4 ,to mechanical nature the   
whole would be useless2 to sensitive    
beings only are they useful2 to us  they
 are substitutes for ,nature's          
deficiency in these respects2 and the   
whole present a convincing proof of the 
wise1 the strict economy of the  ,great 
,architect in his works4    ,the        
objection is unfounded1 that the        
external object should be like  the     
sensation1 in order to produce such     
sensation4 ,but where is  there sound in
 musical string or in the metal of a    
bell to promote  the sensation2 or      
yellow in the snowdrop to promote the   
sensation  of yellow1 when the eyes are 
jaundiced or a stained lens is before   
them3 the sensation of pain is not the  

effect of pain2 it and pain  are one4   
,that which in health promotes the      
sensation known as sweet1  promotes that
 of bitter in sickness2 the object is   
the same1 the  sensation changeable4 ,in
 reason it cannot be said that fire is  
like  the sensation1 or the latter      
should be burning hot in the brain1     
where  it is excited2 neither is any    
material thing outside of us like a     
sensation of the brain2 nor does the    
sensation inform us of anything  but    
itself1 excepting that it has a remote  
external cause4 ,the common  show-box   
exhibits the same landscape picture     
under the different  aspects of summer1 
autumn1 winter1 and spring1 according to
 the stained  lens before the eyes2 the 
picture has not all these colours1 nor  
any1  it is a mere black and white      
print1 in which the stained lenses make 
no  alteration4 ,nothing can be like a  
sensation but a sensation4    ,that the 
objects we perceive and their remote    
cause are distinct  things1 is proved by

 the perception being that of a coin of 
the  half-crown size1 when the eyes are 
directed to a shilling and a convex     
lens before the face2 if the lens be    
red1 yellow1 or blue1 so is the         
perceived object1 which is not the white
 shilling4 ,we are invisible to  each   
other2 what is imagined to be a man's   
appearance1 may be described  as1       
various sensations of different colours 
symmetrically arranged1  and            
constituting a single optically-excited 
mental effect4 ,neither  is it the      
likeness of the sitter that the canvass 
exhibits1 but the  excited perception   
within the sensorium of the limner2 for 
the renewal  of which it is that he     
directs his eyes so frequently to the   
sitter's  face1 which is invisible to   
the limner1 although he feels certain   
that  he sees every feature4    ,those  
who imagine the eye-balls look and see1 
and that externals and  the perceptions 
they promote are the same1 should1 upon 
reflection1  attribute sight to their   

spectacles2 for1 as sight is nothing    
bettered  when the glasses are removed1 
so should the temporary improvement be  
referred to the spectacles having sight 
as well as the eyes4    ,in consequence 
of all mankind being similarly          
organised1 that which  seems coloured1  
sonorous1 hot1 acid1 or aromatic to one 
person1 is so  to every one else with   
sane eyes and senses2 by which unanimity
 of  opinion1 in these respects1        
prevails throughout the great family of 
man1 in the worldly concerns of active  
life1 and the social compact is         
maintained indissoluble4    ,the        
all-wise1 benevolent dispensation of the
 senses1 by which man's  existence is   
supplied with enjoyments not in all     
nature otherwise  to bestow2 and his    
intellectual faculties provided with    
means of  contemplating the attributes  
of his ,maker through his knowledge1    
such  as it is1 of the creation1 which  
makes known to us not only ,god's       
regard for his creatures1 but his       

supreme omniscience in the economy  made
 manifest throughout all his works4     
,were bodies coloured as we  imagine1   
there should be an element of each red1 
yellow1 and blue  atoms2 elements of    
sound1 heat1 and cold2 elements of      
flavour and  odour innumerable3 whereas1
 by the substitution of sensations1     
matter  without any such qualities1 or  
any whatever1 excepting that of being   
everlasting1 is made subservient to the 
formation of a universe of  worlds1     
teeming with beauty1 harmony1 and       
wonders2 all contributing to  the       
comfort1 enjoyment1 happiness1          
edification1 and future hope of its     
sojourning inhabitants4    ,now1 when   
from the established philosophy we      
deduct gravitation1  attraction and     
repulsion1 which are as foreign to inert
 matter as  vitality to the dead1--the  
host of chymicals1 so repugnant to the  
principle of inertia1--the imaginary    
living principles1 erroneously  imputed 
to the mechanical organs of the animal  

system1--the sensations  of             
luminousness1 light1 colour1 sound1     
heat1 cold1 acidity1 and of  flavours   
and odours1--when the entire of these   
unphysical1 mere  nominals1 are deducted
 from modern philosophy1 there remains  
nothing  whatever to produce action1    
physical change1 or motion1 excepting   
pressure1 which has been always looked  
upon as a mere adjunct to the  imagined 
numerous powers of nature4 ,when common 
sense has rejected the  whole1 then will
 the philosophy of the ,fathers be      
valued by the world1  as would be a     
garment with more holes than threads4   
,,matter      ,as a general term1       
matter1 means substance2 with scientific
  precision1 the term is confined to the
 elementary state1 in  contradistinction
 to the term body1 applied to matter    
consolidated  into solids and fluids4   
,matter consists of atoms1 which are    
hard1 opaque1 unalterable1 of           
homogeneous substance1 of the spheric   
shape1 and naturally inert1  therefore  

of inactive essence2 being inert1       
various species of  substance would be  
useless4 ,the spherical shape admits    
immediate atomic  contact1 and leaves   
interstices uniformly throughout all    
bodies4  ,there cannot be either        
communication or alteration of the      
essence of  inert matter2 and what the  
essence of unalterable matter may be1 is
  impossible1 and would be useless1 to  
know4    ,an element is any volume of   
atoms of the same size4 ,there is no    
difference between elements but in the  
size of their atoms4    ,every element  
is a rarer medium to every other element
 of larger atoms2  the minor is as a    
partial vacuum to the major1 which      
involves the  principle of inequality1  
on which motion depends4    ,correlative
 elements are any two1 the atoms of one 
of which are fitted  for the interstices
 of the other1 and for no other         
interstices4 ,such  elements will       
naturally be together4 ,on the          
correlative principle  magnetism        

depends4    ,all bodies consist of      
several elements2 there is nothing      
simple1 but  an element4 ,bodies are    
divisible1 matter is not4    ,all bodies
 include a portion of elementary or     
electric matter1  which is removed      
without injury to their general texture4
    ,matter can suffer no change but    
change of place4    ,weight is an       
accident of matter1 the effect of       
motion3 all effect  consists in motion2 
there is no result until effect has     
ended in rest4    ,rest being natural to
 inert matter1 is no effect1 has no     
cause4    ,there is no power but        
impulsive pressure2 nor is there any    
effect  whatever attributable to        
inertia4    ,the fundamental principle  
of inertia is that only from which the  
philosophy of nature is deducible3 all  
philosophy is false which is not        
consistent throughout with this         
universal1 all-directing principle4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,note4--,the terms electric and         

elementary are of the same              
signification1 which is1 highly rare3   
quality and power to act are  wholly out
 of the question with the inert atoms of
 the elements of  bodies and matter4    
,,motion4      ,motion admits of no     
definition1 from being but a local      
casuality of  transitory endurance2     
motion is the same in all things1 from  
an atom to  a planet1 against which all 
difference in velocity and direction    
makes  no exception4    ,impulsive      
pressure is the only cause analogous to 
the mechanical  effect motion2 pressure 
is universal because matter is inert4   
,motion is not natural to inert matter3 
the term is expressive of the  local    
condition of a body1 while the body is  
prevented remaining where  it is1 and   
while the body is being passed through  
contiguous portions  of space4          
,,there ,,is ,,no ,,cause ,,of ,,motion 
,,but ,,physical ,,impulse4    ,as      
effect and cause are necessarily equal1 
so is motion the measure of  impulse1 in

 time4 ,therefore as long as a body is  
in motion it is being  impelled1 however
 insensible the impelling cause4 ,motion
 must be in the  direction of impulse2  
for1 as a body cannot move itself1 and  
is the  passive patient of impulse1 so  
must its direction be the same as that  
of impulse2 therefore when the direction
 of motion is changed1 it must  be by a 
novel impulse in the novel direction4   
,from all matter being in motion1 and   
all effect consisting in motion1  and   
because like effects everywhere are     
attributable to the like  or same cause1
 so must there be a cause of motion as  
universal as  matter2 rather than that  
there should be a distinct impelling    
cause  for every individual motion      
following after the body1 to put and    
keep  it in motion4 ,in all philosophic 
research the golden rule of nature      
should be held in mind1 which prescribes
 the shortest mode and fewest           
materials3 to mistake on the side of    
simplicity is more wise than  censurable

 in the search after natural physical   
truths4    ,a universal cause of motion1
 it would seem1 can be no other than a  
universal medium1 a medium of pressure1 
one occupying the regions of  planetary 
space1 competent to keep the planets in 
interminable motion  and effect all     
terrestrial minor motion3 only by such  
means is it  conceivable how the earth  
can be under endless1 ever-varying      
impulse1  productive of ever-changing   
direction4 ,when impulsively pressed    
into  motion by such a medium1 the      
direction of a planet must be orbicular1
  on account of the pressure on the     
solar side being always less than  on   
the opposite1 by which the projectile   
direction is diverted from  rectilinear 
to curvilinear4    ,newton imagined that
 a medium1 and however rare1 occupying  
the regions  of space1 must retard1 in  
time destroy1 and eventually require the
 hand  of ,deity to restore the primeval
 order of planetary motion3 no very     
bright idea of the great mathematician1 

considering the ,omniscience of  the    
,projector of a self-going1             
self-regulating ,universe4 ,whereas  a  
medium as dense as molten gold1 could   
produce no such disorder as  long as    
impulse is greater than resistance2     
which the long-continuance  and order of
 planetary motion strongly seem to      
indicate is the case4  ,were there no   
medium in space1 the planets must be at 
rest2 one could  not possibly affect    
another but by its shadow3 ,uranus being
 agitated  by the greatly remote        
presence of ,neptune1 is proof of there 
being a  connecting medium between4     
,gravitation is supposed to move the    
body  possessed of the property1        
forwards1--why not every way8--to the   
sun or  towards some neighbouring       
planet1 but not to send that body or    
planet  an agitating warning of its     
presence4 ,how is gravitation within one
  planet to keep another in a state of  
agitation2 which agitation being        
motion--a mechanical effect--is proof of

 there being a medium by which  mediate 
connection is maintained between the    
two1 ,uranus and ,neptune4  ,without a  
planetary medium there could be no      
system of planets4  ,suppose the        
existence of such a medium1 then its    
sudden removal1--must  not every        
subordinate system1 which makes part of 
the universal system1  become disjointed
 the same instant8 ,besides1 from the   
laws of vision1  rather of optics1 there
 is equal proof that space contains a   
medium4  ,there is no light to come from
 a star to the eye2 there is nothing of 
sight belonging to the eye-balls2 and   
there must be something between  a star 
and the sense to connect the star with  
the sense2 or how is the  sense or brain
 to be so affected by the star1 as that 
the perception  or sensation shall be   
always the same when the eye-ball lenses
 are  directed to the same star2 and    
only by a universal medium can all the  
stars of the hemisphere be in connection
 with the eye at the same  time1 or the 

time of a few winks of the eye4         
,therefore until it is  proved that     
constant planetary motion can be without
 constant and equal  corresponding      
impulse1 as to direction2 and that a    
star can affect  the sense of itself1   
immediately or with nothing between1 all
 denial  of planetary space being       
occupied by a medium of pressure1 is    
utterly  untenable4          ,,the      
,,medium ,,of ,,space4      ,pressure   
being obviously the cause of planetary  
motion1 so is it of all  terrestrial    
motion4 ,to produce atomic motion and   
transfer generally1 it  is necessary1   
only1 that the atoms of the medium of   
space should be of  less size than the  
minutest interstices in bodies4    ,a   
universal medium must be of universal   
service1 7as would be  conceived1 were  
the universe involved in a medium of    
water17 to be  in accordance with       
nature's economy3 to keep the planets   
and matter  in motion1 to retain atoms  
together1 and effect their separation   

occasionally1 include the whole of      
action required by its service2 more  in
 this respect it cannot effect2 nor is  
the common general procedure  otherwise 
effected4 ,therefore in pressure1 by the
 medium of space1  consists the ,,primum
 ,,mobile3 the beginning and end of all 
physical cause  of action and of all    
physical effect4    ,pressure is nothing
 assumed1 hypothetic1 or unproven1 like 
attraction  and gravitation1--the justly
 dethroned imbecile usurpers of the     
imperial chair of philosophy for ages   
past4    ,on barometric evidence alone1 
that pressure exists all round the globe
  is fully proved2 and that it is       
indispensable to the maintenance of  the
 existing general order1 all must       
readily grant who reflect for an        
instant on the fatal consequences which 
the cessation of the general  pressure1 
for only a few minutes1 must cause4     
,hence it is no immediate  question how 
the general pressure originated1 how    
maintained1 what  the confining         

boundaries or point d'appui4 ,most      
likely it is the  consequence of the    
motion of the planets themselves1       
surging through  the ocean of space4 ,as
 every performance of nature has some   
ulterior  object in view1 it is probable
 that the effect of the motion of a     
planet on the medium of space is        
tributary to the motion of another      
planet1 and that the motion of the whole
 is a means of preventing  the cessation
 of motion of any of the parts4 ,most   
likely the medium  of space was not in a
 state of pressure at first2 that       
planetary  motion1 however commenced1   
effected the state of pressure necessary
  for its continuance1 and which would  
be useless beyond the precincts  of     
planetary evolution3 where pressure is  
not needed1 of a certainty  there is    
none4 ,hence the conclusion is          
warrantable1 that the general  pressure1
 however commenced1 is maintained by not
 only the motion of  the planets        
individually but in systems1 through the

 ocean of space4    ,the earth may be   
said to swim through the medium of      
space1 and to be  soaked with it as a   
submerged sponge is with water1 and the 
portion  within the globe of the earth1 
is continuous with the like medium in   
space generally4 ,by which all parts of 
the interior of the globe are  under the
 general pressure equally as the        
surface1 and all terrestrial  bodies    
subject to its vicissitudes4    ,by such
 means1 only1 is the great earthquake to
 be accounted for on  dynamic           
principles4 ,far as the subterraneous   
grumbling extends1 the  physical cause  
must be present1 and in a state of force
 equal to the  awful result4 ,no pent-up
 air suddenly set free1 or suddenly     
exploded  gas1--both naturally          
forceless1--subject to attenuation and  
obstruction  in the passage from the    
source--is competent to burst the globe 
and  hurl whole cities into the         
engulfing chasm3 nor is fire any        
assistant1  judging from the absence of 

flame1 smoke1 cinders1 and ashes4       
,dreadful  as is the catastrophe1 it is 
but a natural casuality and in perfect  
accordance with the laws of matter4 ,an 
extraordinary rushing into the  body of 
the earth of medium of space1 preceded  
by an equal efflux of  elementary matter
 atmospherically induced1 are the cause 
and promoting  means of the             
extraordinary1 terrific phenomenon4     
,all things being under the general     
pressure1 and elementary atoms  of all  
sizes everywhere present1 the           
interstices of bodies cannot  remain    
empty4 ,from all interstices being      
formed by spherical atoms1  and the     
atoms of the medium of space the        
smallest1 there are always  interstitial
 spaces for medium of space to enter1   
pass through or  remain within1 and     
which is not insulated1 but continuous  
with the  outward source4 ,thus1 has the
 medium of space access to every atom1  
and  by the pressure from without1 is   
enabled to act centrifugally within  the

 body1 as a kind of back-spring against 
each and the whole of its  constituent  
atoms1 to produce expansion1            
dissolution1 and elementary  dispersion 
according to the medium or circumstances
 in which the body  may be placed4      
,these general principles admit of      
repetition1 in order1  that1 by repeated
 showing1 to prove their validity1      
against others  more generally known and
 adopted1 although unfounded in nature1 
sense1  or reason4                      
,,minus-,,pressure ,,matter4            
,taking the maximum of pressure as a    
fixed quantity1 or1 as not being        
subject to increase1 and assuming the   
degree to be not less than  equal to the
 tenacity of steel1 there must of       
necessity be means of  mitigating the   
maximum1 so that in the scale of descent
 every degree  of force should be       
attainable2 and more1 to keep the       
equilibrium in  a state of disturbance1 
without which all things must be1 and   
remain  in the rest of death4 ,were     

there no minus-pressure means1 the      
solid1  or perhaps ariform state of     
matter would exist everywhere1 and of   
motion there could be none4 ,such means 
for promoting motion are amply          
supplied1 and without any addition of   
matter to the measured quantity         
sufficient for the formation of bodies  
and service of nature generally1  in the
 elements themselves1 of matter4    ,as 
the body which is involved in a medium  
of air is under less pressure  than in a
 medium of water1 and still less within 
a medium of elementary  matter1 so is   
elementary matter1 and the elements     
generally1 the  natural means of        
mitigating the maximum of pressure on   
and within  bodies4 ,all bodies within  
and on the surface of the earth1 possess
  removable elementary matter1 which    
prevents superficial contact1 and       
excludes medium of space proportionally 
from their interior2 and  because the   
medium of space is the cause of         
pressure1 in being thus  rendered       

discontinuous1 so is its force1 as it   
were1 intercepted  or lessened4 ,for    
instance1 a polished needle floats on   
water1 but  when wetted or smoked is    
precipitated1 from having its electric  
or  minus-pressure atmosphere removed2  
from which it is obvious that with  the 
minus-pressure atmosphere1 the needle is
 under less pressure than  when without 
it2 and the same atmosphere it is which 
makes the bed in  the water so much     
larger every way than the needle4       
,the minus-pressure principle is well   
exemplified in the rise of water  within
 a tube over which fire is situated4    
,when the fire is removed1  the water   
falls4 ,the fire must be in the state of
 combustion--mere  ignition does not    
answer4 ,the elements forced out of the 
combustible1  as combustion proceeds1   
cover the orifice of the tube1 and      
intercept  the general pressure1        
notwithstanding they are under the      
general  pressure4 ,by such             
minus-pressure means is the equilibrium 

destroyed1  and by the unaltered        
pressure on the water outside the lower 
orifice  of the tube1 the water is      
forced upwards4 ,so is it that the water
 of  the sea is raised to the           
minus-pressure1 elementary matter       
descending  from a cloud in the shape of
 an inverted cone1 and known as the     
water-spout4 ,astronomers can best say  
whether the sun and moon be not         
minus-pressure means in promoting the   
rise of the ocean1 productive of  the   
tides2 a miniature representation of    
which is effected by holding  a charged 
jar over a surface of water1 to which   
the water rises in a  small cone1--which
 cone follows every motion of the jar1  
and falls when  the jar is discharged4  
,capillary ascent is promoted by the    
interposed  minus-pressure electric     
matter which fills the caliber of the   
tube3 the  same matter prevents the     
horizontal flow of water through such   
tubes2  but when the tubes are          
de-electrised1 the flow is free and     

constant3  boiling water1 or fire       
de-electrises all such tubes4 ,the      
electric  matter on a bar of iron is a  
hinderance to water running down1 but   
when removed by means of fire1 the water
 runs down the bar freely4 ,the         
atmosphere is a minus-pressure medium to
 the earth1 and on the general          
principle that interposed elementary    
matter renders discontinuous the  medium
 of pressure1 which is the medium of    
space4    ,minus-pressure means exist in
 other than the elementary form1  as in 
blotting-paper1 candle-wick1 pledgets of
 lint4 ,within the  cupping-glass1 which
 is empty of air only1 it is the        
minus-pressure  matter obtained from    
flame which promotes the rise of        
blister4  ,within the vessels of the    
vascular system1 as mucilaginous lining1
  minus-pressure matter assists the     
circulation of fluids1 on the  foregoing
 capillary principle4 ,the slime on     
deep-water fish1 seems  provided to     
lessen the pressure of the water on the 

inhabitants of  those seas4             
,minus-pressure matter on one side only 
of a body1 destroys  the equilibrium1   
and promotes the motion of the body2 and
 generally1  the partial action1 implied
 by motion1 of the medium of space on   
bodies  or their parts1 is promoted by  
interposed minus-pressure matter in     
every instance of physical change4 ,only
 in minus-pressure means1 which  serve  
as a partial vacuum in some cases1 to   
disturb the equilibrium  of pressure1 is
 motion1 or change of place of the      
elements of bodies1  or of bodies       
themselves promoted3 without such means 
there is nothing  to promote the blowing
 of a wind1 or to put the medium of     
space into  action4 ,cause being given1 
the ,general ,pressure in the production
  of every physical effect1 the sole    
province of philosophy consists in      
tracing out the minus-pressure means    
which promote the occasional and        
partial action of the medium of         
pressure4          ,,fire4      ,fire is

 not hot1 although it burns the flesh   
and promotes pain4  ,matter1 which is   
unalterable1 cannot be made hot or cold1
 neither  is there anything to make it  
so4 ,if a limb be made rigid1 or the    
nerves of sensation be removed1 or the  
function of the nervous fluid  be       
obstructed1 the limb may be burned off  
unconsciously4 ,heat is a  sensation    
effected through excitement of the      
brain2 out of the brain  there is       
neither excitement nor heat4 ,the fire  
does not excite the  brain1 but the     
nervous fluid2 and although the         
sensation is not hot1 it  is imagined   
that the cause must be hot1 which is    
false reasoning4 ,the  chymist finds    
heat creviced in all things1 even those 
which he admits  are destroyed by       
heat--gunpowder and ice4 ,how can flame 
be hot1 when  just obtained from the    
gases of decomposed ice water8 or1 if   
hot1 sui  generis1 it must have been hot
 frozen flame in the original ice4      
,modern philosophy adopts different     

kinds of heat1--animal1 culinary1  and  
latent heat4 ,the first is our own      
feeling excited by means of  fire in the
 sensitive centre1 the brain2 also by   
exercise and disease1  in the absence of
 fire4 ,how is the spark from the flint 
or from the  steel to saturate a bushel 
of coal with heat8 ,how1 again1 does    
heat  come to an equilibrium in all     
surrounding bodies1 when some portion   
of the coal may be black cold1 and      
others red hot--using the popular       
terms--in the fire-place1 at the same   
time1 and while the air in the  chamber 
is indexing zero8 ,latent heat is of the
 philosopher's own  peculiar making2 and
 on the great discovery the most        
unbounded  praise is still bestowed4    
,latent heat1 which all bodies possess  
without being heated1 which1 heats      
nothing1 and is not hot1 is  cold heat1 
and should be nomenclatured such1 or1   
absurd heat4 ,are not  ,instructors less
 than half-reasoners and unnatural      
philosophers1 who  abide by and teach   

such consummate nonsense3 on a par with 
which is  the discovery of latent dark  
light--of black being formed by the     
intermixture of two luminous rays at the
 point of intersection in  the spectrum1
 which is the same as feelable darkness2
 after which1  there only remains for   
new discovery1 latent sound1 for inking 
on1 thence vibrating from1 a sheet of   
music-paper2 and latent motion1  to keep
 a stone at rest1 the quantity of motion
 in the world having  been already      
ascertained arithmetically to a         
fraction2 the last-day  discovery1 the  
quantity of right reason1 is the small  
remaining trifle  to be discovered4     
,radiation of heat and cold by fire and 
ice1 being  inconsistent with the       
inertia of matter1 is an erroneous and  
greatly-misleading assumption1 although 
proved through the nicest  experiments1 
according to the experimenter's ideas4  
,instead of fire communicating anything 
to bodies1 fire promotes loss  to       
everything in its neighbourhood4 ,the   

bars of stoves1 iron pokers1            
steam-boilers2 all culinary vessels2    
coal1 wood1 candles1 paper1 linen1  all 
suffer loss by means of fire2 cinders1  
charcoal1 tinder1 are but  remains3 to  
which it is no exception that some      
bodies acquire substance  and weight in 
becoming oxydes2 because1 previous to   
acquiring oxygen  from the air1 they    
must have lost elementary matter to the 
fire to make  spaces for the oxygen to  
enter1 otherwise the open air should    
oxydize  equally1 in the absence of     
fire4    ,the loss1 or matter of loss   
which fire promotes to fluids1 appears  
as  air-beads on the sides and bottom   
within the vessel on the fire1 before   
the water comes to ebullition3 these    
beads cannot be made to rise in  the    
water by any manner of agitation1 which 
is proof they have not  come from the   
fire1 and through the rigid bottom1 or  
ascent and escape  are inevitable4 ,when
 the bottom has been sufficiently       
de-electrised by  the fire1 they are    

pressed through it to the fire2 or if   
the vessel be  removed and placed on the
 ground1 they become dispersed through  
the  water insensibly4 ,the like        
spherules collect on an egg while       
boiling1  which cannot be anything      
issued from the fire to the surface of  
the  water1 then precipitated on the    
egg4 ,on the bottom of a glass-retort   
suspended over a lamp1 the like         
spherules collect1 from which it is     
supposed that water never touches the   
bottom of any containing vessel2  it    
must touch that which it wets4    ,that 
air suffers loss to fire1 is made       
evident by the air being  deprived of1  
or losing its oxygen during combustion2 
and from both fire  and flame becoming  
extinguished in a limited quantity of   
respirable  air1 in consequence of      
having lost its oxygen to the           
combustible1 while  in the state of     
fire4    ,solids1 as polished metals and
 glass1 when they experience no change  
of weight1 lose to the fire imponderable

 elementary matter only4 ,so is  it when
 the hand is presented to the fire1 it  
loses electric matter1  and the loss it 
suffers promotes the sensation of heat3 
when the hand  afterwards touches a     
body1 supposed to be cold1 it acquires  
elementary  matter from that which is   
touched4 ,in every instance the body1   
solid or  fluid1 supposed to be heating1
 is losing elementary matter2 and that  
which is said to be cooling1 is         
acquiring the like matter2 the hand     
loses to the former and receives from   
the latter electric matter4             
,,the ,,medium ,,of ,,fire4      ,a     
peculiar medium is formed within a fire1
 towards the composition of  which the  
fuel contributes more or less of its    
elements2 which is made  manifest in a  
piece of wood or paper when held within 
the fire1 being  brought to the state of
 combustion1 and without touching the   
fuel1  7heat1 be it remembered1 is no   
more physical than shadow47 ,the like   
medium is formed from the elements      

contributed by flame1 and whatever  of  
elementary matter the atmosphere may    
contribute beside4 ,high above  the     
flame of a lamp combustion and fusion   
are effected the same as  within1 or in 
contact with the flame4 ,between the    
cupped hands this  medium is receivable1
 and may be carried from the flame of a 
candle to  the wick of a different      
candle just blown out1 which it         
re-illumines4  ,there being little or   
none of the medium of fire attendant on 
a  detached ignited body1 favours the   
conjecture that the fuel during         
combustion contributes somewhat of its  
elements towards the formation  of the  
medium of fire4 ,hence1 although not    
included in the nomenclature  of        
chymistry or any other1 the medium of   
fire should have place on the  list of  
realities4    ,as all bodies include    
more or less of free elementary matter1 
which  excludes its equal in volume of  
the medium of space1 so to admit medium 
of space in order to cause change in the

 constitution of a body1 the  body must 
undergo previous de-electrisation3 the  
law is general4    ,the medium of space 
being the expanding and decomposing     
cause1 by  means of its centrifugal     
pressure within bodies1 to prevent its  
being  in excess and effecting such     
changes spontaneously1 productive of the
  decomposition of all things1 all      
bodies are protected or retained in     
their present condition by the electric 
matter within them1 which  excludes the 
decomposing cause4    ,within the medium
 of fire all kinds of bodies become     
de-electrised2  all suffer loss of      
electric matter1 which is succeeded by  
influent  medium of space1 the          
centrifugal pressure of which affects   
the several  changes to which bodies are
 liable previous to ultimate dissolution
  into the elementary state4 ,in        
promoting the de-electrisation of every 
kind of body1 and to the extreme1 which 
no other individual medium or  menstruum
 can effect1 consists the universal     

utility of the medium of  fire4         
,,expansion4      ,the theory of        
expansion is of easy comprehension2 it  
consists in  previous de-electrisation1 
succeeded by influent medium of space1  
which1 by acting with centrifugal       
pressure1 produces the phenomenon of    
expansion4 ,the general pressure is the 
expanding cause1 by reason of  the      
portion of medium of space within all   
bodies being continuous with  the medium
 of pressure in general space4    ,a bar
 of iron placed within the medium of    
fire suffers  de-electrisation2 then    
acquires medium of space1 by which the  
bar is  expanded4 ,when taken from the  
fire1 it acquires electric matter       
similar  to that of which it had        
suffered loss1 which displaces the      
expanding  medium1 and now becomes      
contracted by external pressure4 ,the   
olden  philosophy has no contracting    
cause1 the imputed attraction having    
been destroyed by the imputed heat of   
the fire1 as the same philosophy  states

 of the imputed attraction of magnets   
being destroyed by the heat  of fire1   
which leaves the bar to contract itself4
    ,a piece of lead on the fire becomes
 de-electrised and expanded4 ,the       
portion of medium of space it has       
acquired separates the atoms of  the    
lead by which the state of solidity is  
subverted2 it remains as  one of the    
constituents of the lead1 and is as a   
menstruum to the  metal1 and the atoms  
of the metal may be said to swim in it  
as the  globules of blood in the serum4 
,further de-electrisation and additional
  increments of medium of space are     
productive of complete dispersion of    
the atoms of the metal1 and of a kind of
 efflorescent result1 which  is a       
subsequent formation4 ,the air in a     
corked bottle before the  fire loses    
electric matter to the medium of fire2  
and by the medium  of space which enters
 the vacated interstices1 the cork is   
exploded4  ,in the partially exhausted  
air-pump receiver1 that decrease in the 

quantity of air should increase the     
expansive power of the remainder1  and  
that the atoms should fly asunder with  
exploding force1 is most  unreasonable  
and impossible4 ,the physical fact is1  
the more the air  is reduced1 the       
greater is the quantity of influent     
medium of space1  consequently of       
expanding and exploding force4 ,in the  
condensing of  air1 as is the           
expression1 by the piston of the        
syringe1 the quantity  is reduced from  
being forced out through the pores of   
the syringe2 and  pressure on the bottom
 of the piston springs it up when the   
depressing  power is removed4 ,under the
 general pressure the atoms of air must 
be in contact2 and the volume being     
reduced1 implies reduction of  quantity3
 hard unalterable atoms are             
incompressible beyond contact2  and as  
to their being elastic1 it is physically
 impossible2 medium  of space being     
forced out and re-entering1 is what     
makes the air be  considered elastic4   

,let the syringe be worked under water1 
and the  matter displaced appears       
escaping as air-bubbles1 and as         
air-beads on  the outside of the        
syringe4          ,,oxygen ,,air4       
,all airs are compounds4 ,medium of     
space is the most voluminous            
constituent of every ariform body1 which
 accounts for an air or gas  and steam  
being of so much greater volume than    
that from which it had  been obtained2  
steam has fifteen hundred times the     
volume of the water  it was produced    
from4    ,oxygen air is decomposed in   
converting it with hydrogen to water3   
there is no oxygen or hydrogen air in   
water2 their elements are  the          
constituents of water4 ,oxygen is       
decomposed by respiration2 when         
inspired1 it is not expired1 but        
nitrogen1 which must have been one  of  
its constituents1 and from there being  
nothing to constitute the  expiration   
but the previous inspiration the        
proposition is proved4    ,the          

constituents of oxygen are--nitrogen1 a 
highly rare imponderable  element and   
medium of space4 ,the first is the most 
ponderable element  of nitrogen air2 its
 atoms are the largest of all others of 
the  elements of matter1 and1 it may be 
said1 they constitute the substance  of 
the framework of all ponderable or gross
 formations4 ,davy says1  the properties
 of nitrogen are altogether negative2   
the same applies  to every other kind of
 air1 all being constituted of inert    
atomic  substance1 consequently of      
inactive essence2 and all being alike in
  every respect but in the size of their
 atoms4 ,the imponderable element  being
 highly evanescent1 is never found      
alone1 and is always connected  with    
nitrogen2 hence simple nitrogen is      
obtainable only from bodies1 or  by     
deoxygenating atmospheric air4          
,atmospheric air is nitrogen1 plus the  
imponderable element2 and when the      
nitrogen is saturated with the same     
element1 the air is oxygen3 hence1      

whichever is inspired1 nitrogen is      
expired4    ,from nitrogen being evolved
 copiously from water in vacuo1 and from
  ice being convertible to nitrogen1    
according to ,priestley1 so is  nitrogen
 a constituent of water1 also of the    
gases into which water is  decomposable2
 but as it cannot belong to the         
hydrogen1 owing to its  superior levity1
 it must to the oxygen2 which is        
confirmation of the  above1 that        
nitrogen is a constituent of oxygen air 
or gas4          ,,the ,,use ,,of       
,,oxygen ,,in ,,promoting ,,combustion4 
,how oxygen supports combustion no      
,elementary ,treatise explains2 but     
leaves it to be imagined1 that oxygen is
 somewhat of a burnable nature1  or that
 it generates heat when blown into a    
fire4 ,the fact is1 it  supports        
combustion only mechanically4 ,the      
centrifugal pressure1 by  the medium of 
space1 decomposes the fuel2 electric    
matter1 entering  the ignited fuel1     
displaces medium of space1 and the fire 

goes out2  oxygen prevents the entrance 
of electric matter1 and permits the     
medium  of space to enter the fuel      
freely1 the pressure from without gives 
centrifugal force4 ,in this twofold     
manner of service oxygen promotes  the  
continuance of the kind of decomposition
 known as combustion4 ,a  live coal is  
greatly deficient of electric matter2   
when just fallen  from the fire it is   
said to be red and hot1 after a few     
minutes black  and cold2 all of which   
are but mental effects4 ,on the hearth  
the coal  acquires electric matter from 
the air1 which displaces medium of      
space1  and becomes extinguished2 so    
would the fire were there no oxygen in  
the  surrounding air4 ,hence it would   
seem1 that the interstices of oxygen    
are too diminutive for electric matter  
to enter1 but are sufficiently  large   
for those of the medium of space to pass
 through1 thence into  the fuel4 ,should
 the utility of the nitrogen of oxygen  
in combustion  be questioned1 because   

nitrogen alone puts an end to the       
combustion  of a candle2 it may be      
answered1 that1 as the imponderable     
element of  oxygen air1 from being      
highly evanescent1 is not obtainable    
without  the nitrogen1 and as by the    
service of both together combustion is  
increased1 so may both be considered    
supporters of combustion2 the  grosser  
element serving as a carrier to the     
minor1 and1 as it were1  giving it      
momentum sufficient to penetrate beyond 
the surface of the  half-decomposed1 or 
previously ignited fuel4                
,,combustion4      ,a piece of wood1    
like everything else when placed within 
the medium  of fire1 suffers            
de-electrisation and acquires medium of 
space3 this  twofold procedure          
continuing1 the wood becomes split or   
burst asunder1  and its elements        
gradually forced out by the centrifugal 
pressure2  some of which are            
precipitated1 some contribute to the    
medium of fire1  others are recombined  

differently and exist for a short space 
of time  as flame1 and others1 with     
matter from the air1 form soot4 ,such is
 the  most rational theory of           
combustion1 consistent with the inertia 
of  matter and the absence of heat4     
,friction rubs away electric matter1    
percussion forces it out1  combustion   
and ignition follow1 and without being  
promoted by either  heat or fire4 ,the  
kindling matter of a coal-laid fire     
requires  the de-electrising spark at   
first1 and the de-electrised kindling   
de-electrises the coal2 the wood fire1  
effected by means of friction1  is      
independent of even the spark of fire   
for its commencement1 from  having been 
otherwise de-electrised at first4       
,within the fire1 one part              
de-electrises another1 and the          
centrifugal pressure decomposes the     
whole4    ,animal combustion is         
consequent on the internal organs and   
flesh being  de-electrised1 the stomach 
first1 by means of spirituous liquors1  

which1 like fire in so doing1 promote   
the sensation of heat4 ,the  stomach and
 adjacent organs1 from being thus       
de-electrised1 are  prepared to receive 
the decomposing medium2 and from oxygen1
 to exclude  electric matter1 being     
absent1 the flesh is brought to the     
state of  smothered combustion and      
charred3 it may now be considered in the
 light  of a mortuum caput4    ,the     
spontaneous combustion of greasy        
clothes1 damp hay and other  things1 is 
promoted by the limited quantity of air 
in which such  articles are confined4   
,to the hand the air seems warm before  
combustion has commenced1 which         
indicates deficiency of electric        
matter1 but which1 in time1 the air     
acquires from greasy clothes1 and  from 
damp hay1 the removal of which is       
succeeded by the destroying  medium1 by 
which the elements of the combustible   
become separated1 set  free1 and        
dispersed4    ,in summer1 when the      
atmosphere is greatly deficient of what 

may  be termed winter electric matter1  
all woodwork is in a desiccated         
condition2 and the slight friction of   
limb against limb is sufficient  to make
 space for medium of space to enter in  
excess1 and convert to  fire1 tree after
 tree1 the whole of a forest4    ,the   
combustion of a candle is well worthy   
the philosopher's attention4  ,the      
candle while burning1 comprises a series
 of the simplest  operations1 and far   
beyond the powers of art to effect or   
otherwise  imitate2 yet from            
indifference to the familiar1 and the   
paucity of  skill required in the       
construction1 there is nothing less     
noticed  with philosophic acumen4 ,the  
mechanism and materials to be wrought   
are the same2 which consist in a        
slender1 compact1 portable cylinder  of 
tallow1 within which is included an     
equal length of wick4 ,the  various     
operations of de-electrising1           
fluidifying1 and gas-making1  are       
performed in silent1 regular succession1

 unretarded by friction  and            
unincumbered with containing vessels1   
,nature furnishes the power4  ,the wick 
answers the purpose of service-pipes1   
through which the  half-wrought         
materials are conveyed in a gaseous form
 to the refining  fire1 within which    
they remain as in a gasometer of supply1
 to be  gradually diffused through the  
surrounding flame1 and there receive    
the finishing lustrous polish4 ,the new 
formation is now a refinery to  the work
 in progress1 and is curiously situated 
over the materials  where only it could 
serve the numerous requisite purposes4  
,nor does the  gradual consumption of   
the machinery derange the order of      
operation1  work and wear being carried 
on simultaneously to the end4 ,the      
many-coloured tissue wrought1 of        
starlight shine and of expanded base1   
is tastefully tapered as if to please in
 appearance1 as well as lighten  our    
darkness4 ,thus by natural means1       
operating on almost uncostly  materials1

 mankind are supplied with that by which
 darkness is turned  to day--the candle 
flame4    ,all combustion is on the same
 principle1 previous de-electrisation   
the commencement1 and1 by the same cause
 continued1 the centrifugal  pressure1  
which is on the increase from being     
derived from the general  pressure4     
,flame1 or the electric spark1          
de-electrises the gases1 oxygen  and    
hydrogen1 before their conversion to    
water takes place2 compression  effects 
the same4 ,the inflammable air in mines 
becomes exploded from  the              
de-electrising consequence of flame1    
when inadvertently exposed2  and at     
times the de-electrisation is effected  
by the atmosphere1 as in  spontaneous   
combustion4 ,the mine explosion1        
promoted by the atmosphere1  is a case  
of spontaneous detonation1 if not       
combustion1 which1 from sad  experience 
taught1 should be anticipated by the    
application of a rocket  fired by a     
train4 ,the foul air should be got rid  

of timely1 not left  to accumulate1 and 
the weather dictates when4 ,the ,davy   
may be said  to insulate the flame of   
the lamp from the electric matter of the
 air  within the mine4 ,the flame1 when 
exposed1 de-electrises the foul air1    
and in fluent medium of space causes the
 explosion4          ,,water4           
,water is the most compound of fluids1  
although when pure it promotes  little  
or no sensation1 which is owing to the  
certain proportion of its  elements to  
each other4 ,it seems to have1 as       
constituents1 a portion  of each of the 
general elements2 of which1 when any are
 in excess or  deficiency1 the fluid    
differs from common pure water1 but     
still is  an aqueous fluid4 ,all aqueous
 fluids which differ from pure water1   
do so from elementary disproportion in  
their constitution4 ,ancient            
philosophers considered water the parent
 of all things1 because it  contributes 
matter of substance and increase1 they  
said1 to all kinds  of bodies1 and      

because there is nothing elementary     
belonging to bodies  which is not       
obtainable1 by one means or other1 from 
water or its  productions4 ,it          
contributes increase to the whole of the
 vegetable  kingdom1 and through        
vegetable matter to the increase of     
animal flesh4  ,from the vegetable world
 are obtainable1 by means of art1       
earths1  metals1 salts1 acids1 alkalies1
 even flame2 the primitives of which    
are of the same kind as the initials of 
water2 also of the atmosphere1  which is
 convertible to water1 but is not water1
 by reason of not only  elementary      
disproportion1 but the enormous excess  
of medium of space  in which its        
elements are involved4    ,the          
constitution of water being unknown1 and
 supposed to consist of  only the gases1
 hydropathy is condemned1 like          
mesmerism1 through the  ignorance and   
intolerance of professionals1 themselves
 falsely educated  at best4 ,as         
alimentary1 water is the most wholesome 

drink under  heaven2 as medicinal1 far  
beyond comparison with extracts from    
metals  and minerals1 from which deduct 
the water1 the remainder kills4 ,the    
hydropathic perspiration cleanses the   
flesh from head to foot2 physic1  the   
intestines and stomach only4 ,water is  
the elixir of both body and  mind2      
witness the persons who are             
teetotallers4 ,a patient declared to    
the present writer1 he would rather have
 run naked into the street1  were he not
 bound up by the wet sheets1 than endure
 the fog and stench  from his body by   
the cold water perspiration4 ,yet       
doctors insist that  hydropathy is not  
medicinal or curative1 or why not adopt 
the practice8    ,water is formed by    
detonating the gases1 oxygen and        
hydrogen1 by which  their elements      
become combined in the form of water2   
which is the  only formative mode       
pursued in the laboratory of art2       
whereas1 in that  of nature1 it is      
variously formed3 the number of elements

 determines  the number of modes4       
,suppose six the number of the natural  
elements1  then any five and the        
remaining one1 any four and the         
remaining two1  or any three and the    
other three1 met and compressed within  
the  atmosphere1 the product is water4  
,on the meeting of certain clouds1      
where the gases could not have equal    
elevation1 water is formed2  and on     
walls and wainscots1 under cover1 in    
humid weather1 it is  formed from the   
electric matter on their surface and the
 complement of  elements contributed by 
the atmosphere3 the same walls1 in the  
same  weather1 would have no water1 if  
kept de-electrised by stoves4 ,it is    
formed similarly on furs1 woollens1 and 
the spider's web1 all of which  are     
retainers of electric matter2 and on the
 leaves of plants as dew1  but on the   
side only which is covered with the like
 electric matter4  ,dew-water is neither
 a precipitation nor exhalation1 but a  
formation on  that where it is found4   

,water is formed on glass and metallic  
vessels1 however closely covered1  as   
long and no longer than the included    
water gives out electric matter  through
 the pores of the vessel4 ,in the air of
 the tropics1 the dew or  water running 
down the outside of covered and         
uncovered vessels1 cannot  be considered
 humidity of the air condensed by cold4 
,in proof of the  foregoing1 the        
hitherto unexplained experiment is      
opportune4    ,a plate of glass1 covered
 on one side with tin foil1 has much dew
 on  the naked side when uppermost1 and 
none1 when the covered side is          
uppermost1 of equal dewy nights4 ,the   
foil acquires electric matter from  the 
ground1 which the glass or naked upper  
side receives and retains2  but when the
 naked side is next the ground1 the     
portion of electric  matter it acquires 
is conducted off by the foil at top2 and
 as where  there is no electric matter  
there is no dew1 the upper coated side  
is dry1 and under circumstances which   

would have left much dew on the  glass  
side if uppermost4    ,within the animal
 system various aqueous fluids and      
humidities are  formed1 and1 as in the  
former instances1 without oxygen and    
hydrogen  being present2 namely1        
hydrocephalus1 the stomach juices1      
liquor  pericardium1 water of blister1  
milk1 tears3 to these add the juices  of
 fruit1 the chymists' aqueous fluids1   
together with the variety  of formative 
modes1 and the complex constitution of  
water remains  unquestionable4          
,lavoisier's experiments proved the     
same1 by the endless  variety in the    
residue and product1 from decomposing   
and recomposing  the same water several 
times4 ,davy states1 that1 when         
experimenting on  different substances1 
water frequently appeared1 when there   
was nothing  sensibly present to which  
it could be attributed1 if not to       
nitrogen1  which disappeared            
simultaneously with the water appearing3
 electric  matter is everywhere present1

 although not sensibly discoverable4    
,from which it is obvious that the      
alchymists of old mistook the road  to  
,el ,dorado4 ,instead of aiming at      
turning the grosser metals into  gold1  
they should have alchymised on water1   
taking its elements as the              
money-changer does those of the         
numeration table1 and by the rules of   
transposition made the valueless stand  
in the place of most value4    ,water in
 the boiler loses electric matter to the
 fire beneath1 and is  expanded by      
influent medium of space2 the excess of 
the latter throws  out the elements of  
the superior stratum1 which1 with an    
enormous  influx of medium of space1 are
 the constituents of steam and the power
  of steam4 ,the so-acquired medium of  
space1 by the pressure from without     
which it is under1 is the cause of the  
elasticity and force of steam4  ,steam  
is not water1 nor is it ever condensed  
by cold4 ,it consists  in the elements  
of water1 less that which the water lost

 to the fire3  both1 with a reduced or  
proportional quantity of medium of      
space1 make  the original stratum of    
water4 ,what but electric matter can    
steam  receive from the pipes it may be 
passed through1 and is discharged from  
as water8 ,insulated1 centrifugally     
repellant heat1 without fulcrum1  is a  
most inconsiderable substitute for the  
pressure of nature by  the all-pervading
 medium of space1 and but a shadowy     
substitute in  accounting for the       
powerful effects of steam4 ,there is no 
repellant  force in the flame of a      
candle2 and what but influent medium of 
space  can make a pint of water fill and
 overflow a quart vessel4    ,water     
loses its fluidity and is made solid or 
congealed1 upon losing  the imponderable
 oxygenating element4 ,priestley through
 his experiments  made the discovery1   
that1 air1 purer than atmospheric1 is   
given out  by water at the instant of   
congelation1--which must be oxygen air4 
,from which we learn1 that oxygen is the

 natural hinderance against the  waters 
of the globe being solid2 with which    
experimental practice and  experience   
agree1 it being well known that oxygen  
added to a freezing  solution1 retards  
congelation2 and that1 to facilitate the
 freezing  of water1 a smart tap is     
given to the side of the vessel1        
hitherto  unknown why1 but seems as if  
to shake out the oxygen4 ,the following 
observed circumstances exhibit the      
congelation of water throughout all  its
 stages4 ,the air in a chamber being    
favourable for the reception of  oxygen 
from water1 the water in a cylindrical  
earthen pitcher became  frozen2 a plate 
of ice was formed1 which equalled the   
area of the  vessel1 and firmly fixed to
 the sides one full inch higher than the
  water had been at first4 ,the bottom  
of the vessel was blown out1 the  sides 
remained whole1 and the ice not broken  
or moved4    ,the circumstances of the  
case admits of the following            
illustration4  ,medium of space1 by its 

pressure1 forced out the oxygen2        
additional  increments of the same      
medium entered1 collapsed the elements  
of the  deoxydated stratum of water1 and
 so forcibly expanded the rest of the   
water as to make it explode the bottom  
of the vessel1 all at the same  instant4
 ,as all excess of medium of space      
retired from the water1 the  latter sunk
 to the original height2 and had not the
 water escaped1 it  would have been an  
inch separate from the plate of ice4 ,a 
river thus  frozen1 flows freely beneath
 the ice from the same circumstances4   
,the  bomb-shell at ,hudson ,bay was    
exploded by the expanded water1 not by  
the newly-formed ice2 or else the sides1
 not the bottom of the earthen  vessel1 
would have been exploded4    ,ice is    
deoxygenated water1 and abounds with    
electric matter1 hence it  floats2 and  
ice-water is at the minimum of density  
from being deficient  of oxygen4 ,ice1  
in a ,florence flask1 hung over a lamp1 
yields  abundance of electric matter1   

towards the formation of lamp-black  on 
the outside of the bottom of the flask1 
which1 to the miniature  painter may be 
preferable1 from being the freest of    
grit4 ,in all cases  of combustion1 the 
elements of lamp-black are present2 so  
that1 in  combustion of the diamond1 the
 same kind of soot being formed1 affords
  no information of the constituents of 
this highly-prized crystal4  ,with more 
reason than that of pure carbon1 7which 
is but another name  for the electric   
matter which is the principal           
constituent of ice1  and lamp-black7    
being the base of diamond1 it may be    
assumed1 that1  diamond is a crystalized
 oxyde of water4 ,the electrician's     
opposite  characteristics of the two1   
diamond and ice1 accord with the        
suggestion4          ,,solvency4        
,the menstruum is supposed to act by    
chymical attraction1 from  having       
chymical affinity on the involved       
chymical solid1 which  enables it to    
draw out the elementary atoms of the    

solid3 whereas the  inert menstruum does
 nothing2 it is but an interstitial     
recipient for  the atoms to be forced   
into1 as they become centrifugally      
forced out  of the solid4 ,and because  
the atoms of a body are of different    
sizes1  some make novel interstices1 and
 thus expedite the dissolution4 ,only by
  increasing the number and kind of     
interstices1 can diluting a menstruum   
with water increase what is imagined to 
be its solvency4 ,neither  chymical     
properties1 nor chymical strength of a  
fluid1 if it had any  such1 could be    
increased by dilution1 and the stronger 
should dissolve  that which the weaker  
is said to dissolve4 ,the contrary      
supposes that  the force which breaks a 
stone is too strong to break a nutshell4
  ,mechanical dissolution by the        
centrifugal pressure is independent of  
chymicalities4      ,gastric solution is
 effected similarly3 the juice has none 
of the  chymical properties of ,liebig1 
nor does ingestion stand in need of the 

living principle of ,coombe2 the former 
are imaginary1 the latter is  denied    
from gastric solution taking place in a 
tea-cup4 ,the gastric  juice is an      
interstitial receiver of the elements of
 the pulp1 when  forced out by the      
centrifugal pressure into the gastric   
menstruum1  as those of soap into water4
 ,the pulp and its stri are disunited1  
mechanically decomposed1 not abraded3   
some of its elements escape  into the   
air within the stomach1 which1 by       
disturbing the equilibrium  within1     
promote irregularity of pressure on the 
outside of the sac1  which causes the   
pli to be in the peristaltic motion1    
supposed to be  caused by the stomach   
stimulating itself4 ,the same           
circumstances take  place within and    
without the intestines4 ,the whole      
process of digestion  is dynamic1 in    
which the only stimulant is pressure4   
,of the various conjectures on the      
origin of the gastric juice1 there      
cannot be any more unreasonable than    

that which considers it a fluid  sui    
generis1 and as having origin out of the
 stomach4 ,all fluids are  compounds2   
and those belonging to the body may be  
said to be formed  out of1 or by        
commixture with others4 ,to suppose for 
an instant1 that  a fluid1 which is     
destructive of all flesh1 should have   
existence  out of the stomach1 and      
remain harmless in some fleshy vessel as
  long as the stomach is empty of food1 
or until food is required to  stimulate 
its flow from without through the papill
 of the villous  lining into the        
stomach1 is a most strange physiologic  
oversight4 ,why  not rather conclude at 
once1 that the flesh-destroying juice   
exists  only where it is required and   
for immediate service1 and where only   
there are preventive means1 the         
peristaltic motion1 against it proving  
injurious to the flesh of the stomach2  
and to the vessels of secretion  it     
would be injurious1 hence1 not as the   
juice but chyme it is passed  out of the

 stomach into the system4 ,under such   
circumstances1 the  suggestion is       
nothing unreasonable1 that1 there is no 
gastric juice  out of the stomach1 nor  
within1 but while there is food present 
to  contribute one or more of its       
elements to the other juices1 including 
the saliva1 towards effecting its       
completion as a fit interstitial        
gastric menstruum1 for receiving the    
elementary constituents of the  pulp    
under mechanical decomposition by the   
centripetally disuniting  pressure of   
the medium of space4 ,like the all      
de-electrising medium  of fire1 which   
exists only where and while it is being 
formed1 the  gastric juice should be    
looked upon as if designed to be of     
difficult  formation2 made more so by   
depending on the food for its           
completion1  which is not a matter of   
observation within the stomach1 or in   
the  tea-cup3 neither is the perfect    
juice1 which may be sponged or syringed 
from the bottom of the stomach1 any     

proof that as such precisely it  came   
from the papill1 as some suppose4 ,as to
 the papillary flow  being stimulated by
 the food1 with as bad philosophy it    
might be  said1 charmed2 or that        
clockwork is stimulated by the weights4 
,the  flow is promoted by the pulp1 as  
were the latter a piece of sponge4 ,and 
that the papillary flow is but a        
constituent1 not the flesh-destroying   
juice1 in promoting ingestion1 is       
evident from the hunger pain it         
promotes while harmlessly accumulating  
out of the stomach1 indicating  the     
stomach being empty2 and the relief     
experienced at its source when          
discharged into the stomach1 it is1     
which has given rise to the idea1  that 
certain organs sympathise with the      
stomach4    ,such metaphorical          
expressions may pass for the poetry of  
pathology1 but  hitherto have stood in  
the way of deep research4 ,ingestion is 
expedited  by sleep1 in consequence of  
the accumulation of minus-pressure      

matter  in the gastric region and       
stomach at the time2 and sleep is       
promoted  by imperfect mastication      
causing a deficiency of saliva in the   
stomach  which is compensated by        
minus-pressure matter of the thus       
provoked  comatose flow4 ,the pollparrot
 masticates but little1 if at all1 and  
sleeps regularly after breakfast4       
,,use ,,of ,,the ,,inspired ,,oxygen    
,,within ,,the ,,system4      ,there is 
none of the inspired oxygen returned to 
the lungs by the  circulation4 ,what    
becomes of it1 or what its use within   
the system1 has  not been written for   
our learning4 ,it is not retained in the
 blood1  nor is it animalised2 nothing  
yields less oxygen than animal matter4  
,to convey carbon out of the system1 and
 somehow purify the blood1 is  the      
supposed service2 but if so1 should it  
not be included in every  expiration and
 of the inspiration quantity8 but which 
is not the case4    ,harvey proved that 
the blood circulates1 but left          

undiscovered what  keeps in motion the  
inert fluid1 except the systole1 which  
the  inert heart cannot effect on       
itself4 ,no organ can do anything of    
itself1 the whole being composed of     
inert substance1 and nothing else2  even
 the life of the body1 whatever it may  
be1 leaves the function of  every organ1
 not excepting that of the brain1       
dependent on the general  pressure4     
,by the general pressure the air is     
forced into1 but not through or  beyond 
the lungs which it inflates1 and        
inflates nothing else4 ,within  the     
blood-vessels it would prove fatal2 and 
although from it the blood  derives that
 by which it becomes arterialised1 yet  
the blood and air do  not come in       
contact1 extravasation and pulmonary    
rupture must happen1  did the lungs     
permit the blood and air coming         
together1 or in immediate  contact4 ,of 
the air of an inspiration1 the          
oxygenating imponderable  element only  
can permeate the pulmonary tissue4 ,this

 element it  is which imponderably      
arterialises the blood2 the nitrogen of 
the  inspiration constitutes the        
immediate succeeding exspiration4       
,the oxygenating element promotes the   
circulation on the same principle  that 
it promotes combustion2 its diminutive  
interstices exclude  electric matter1   
which coagulates1 and admits the        
propelling force1  medium of space1     
which is the only cause of motion1 to   
enter the blood4  ,the oxygenated blood 
being propelled1 or pressed1 by the     
medium of  space it includes1 from the  
lungs into the ventricle1 the collapse1 
or  systole1 takes place1 and the blood 
is forced out of the ventricle1  through
 the auricle1 into the aorta1 thence    
through the several  branches of the    
arterial system1 to and through the     
capillaries1 into  the veins4 ,thus1    
from the medium of space within the     
blood being  continuous with the medium 
of space generally1 it is manifest that 
the  blood is circulated not by the     

systole1 but by the general pressure4   
,to  produce the systole1 there is      
nothing but the normal pressure on the  
outside surface of the heart2 nor1 to   
lessen the normal pressure on the       
parietes of the ventricle1 is there     
anything but the arterialising1         
minus-pressure1 imponderable element of 
the blood just received into  the       
ventricle4    ,throughout the entire of 
the arterial flow1 the blood is losing  
the  arterialising minus-pressure matter
 to the different organs1 as the  means 
by which the functional action of each  
is promoted4 ,without  such means1 there
 is nothing to disturb the equilibrium  
of pressure  on an organ to produce     
organic motion1 action1 or function4    
,hence1 it  appears1 that the use of the
 inspired oxygen consists in promoting  
the  circulation of the blood and the   
functional motion or action of the      
different organs within the frame4      
,before entering the veins the blood is 
fully deoxygenated2 within  them it     

acquires gradually electric matter1     
productive of the livid  or coagulating 
appearance2 at the same time the        
blood-propelling  medium is lessening in
 quantity2 but which is compensated in  
the  mucilaginous lining of the veins1  
which assists the venous flow on the    
minus-pressure capillary principle2     
capillary attraction would collapse  the
 vessels4 ,the electric matter collected
 by the venous blood is got  rid of in  
the lungs1 and expired with the nitrogen
 and a remnant of the  oxygenating      
element of the last inspiration2 hence  
the small portion of  carbonic acid gas 
obtained from the expiration4    ,after 
all organic service1 the arterialising  
minus-pressure matter  is insensibly    
transpired1 which is inferable from the 
supply being  continued through         
respiration2 which1 although constant1  
yet1 from  being intermitting1 might1   
perhaps1 cause corresponding stoppings  
in  the round of organic action2 hence  
it would seem that1 against such        

intervals or interruptions taking place1
 the liver has been designed to  collect
 for casual distribution a portion of   
the same minus-pressure  matter4 ,the   
great surface of the liver may stand    
comparison with the  plate1 or cylinder1
 of the electrifying machine1 and the   
organs as jars  which receive electric  
matter from it1 as each stands in need4 
,use of the ,spleen4--,the ,,spleen1    
from being an organ common to  the human
 frame1 must have an allotted service to
 supply2 although  considered useless by
 some1 to all of unknown utility1 it may
 be a  lateral channel of arterial blood
 direct from the heart1 to supply the   
vessels lying in a portion of the body  
not traversed by the arteries  belonging
 to the great arterial system2 those of 
the diaphragm  first2 thence through the
 umbilical cord to the fetus1 in which  
the  circulation is indispensable1 from 
being the only means of conveying  and  
dispersing throughout the body1 in the  
absence of respiration1  the            

minus-pressure matter which the organism
 of the fetus requires  to promote the  
several functions1 without which life   
would become  extinct if commenced4 ,in 
this supply of motion promoting         
elementary  matter1 consists all that   
can be considered aeration of the blood1
  and all that the blood of both the    
fetus and the adult requires1  or can   
possibly receive4 ,in the chirping      
chick1 while within the yet  unbroken   
shell1 aeration is prevented by         
incubation of the mother  bird2 but the 
arterialising elementary matter is amply
 provided within  the larger1 apparently
 empty1 end of the shell4 ,to keep out  
electric  matter1 which would exclude   
the blood-moving medium1 is the object  
of  the hen sitting on the eggs1 and    
oven-hatching is effected on the same   
principle4      ,how the ,diaphragm ,is 
,raised4--,the diaphragm cannot rise of 
itself1  and has no self-acting1        
self-lifting nerves or muscles1 all     
flesh being  composed of inert atoms4   

,the rise is proof positive that        
pressure is  greater on the posterior   
than anterior surface of the membrane1  
and the  unchanged normal pressure      
beneath indicates reduced pressure      
above2 the  latter is promoted by       
minus-pressure matter imparted by the   
splenic  blood to the diaphragm1 while  
passing through the vessels of the      
diaphragm4 ,this arterialising matter   
being highly evanescent1 escapes  from  
the diaphragm and upwards1 and during   
the escape mitigates the  pressure1     
intercepts it in some degree from the   
superior surface2 then1  by the normal  
pressure beneath1 the rise of the       
diaphragm is effected4  ,as the escape1 
or separation1 is becoming complete1 the
 equilibrium is  being restored1 and the
 diaphragm depressed to the normal      
level4 ,if  this be not the rationale of
 diaphragmatic motion1 it will be little
  improved by the substitution of       
muscular energy1 leverage1 or muscular  
vitality1 while leaving out muscular    

inertia1 which should not be  omitted1  
but included1 in accounting for every   
muscular action and  motion4            
,,correlative ,,elements4      ,any pair
 of the general elements1 the           
interstices of one of which are  the    
only interstices for receiving and      
retaining the atoms of the  other1 or   
that can be occupied by the atoms of any
 other of the general  elements1 such   
elements are correlatives4              
,elementary co-relation is conspicuous  
in the opposite polarities  of the      
loadstone1 magnet1 and crystals1 and all
 bodies subject to  polarization1 which 
includes the animal frame4 ,similar     
co-relation is  evinced between the     
galvanic fluids1 those of the pile1 and 
those named  electricity2 likewise      
between oxygen and hydrogen1 the        
oxygenating  element and nitrogen1 acids
 and alkalies and all mutually          
neutralizing  substances4 ,still it is  
not meant that all the general elements 
are so  paired2 doubtless1 there are    

several ratios of size between the atoms
  of the different elements1 for the    
purpose of multiplying variety among    
formations1 the substance of which is of
 the same species throughout4  ,possibly
 the correlative principle gave rise to 
the ideal scale of  chymical affinities1
 subsequently refined to affections of  
matter4  ,naturally1 correlative        
elements will be found together1 as are 
nitrogen  and the imponderable element2 
also the magnetic fluids common to iron4
          ,,magnetism4      ,were       
attraction a property of the atomic     
substance of the loadstone1 it  could be
 neither transferable1 receivable1 nor  
liable to be destroyed  by fire4 ,a     
magnet is a work of art1 the substance  
is inert1 it can  no more attract than  
think4 ,magnetism is an accident of     
matter2 it  consists in the correlatives
 of an iron bar having become separated1
  and drawn one to each end of the bar3 
separation and transition to  the       
extremities of the bar1 are what the    

rubbing on the poles of the  loadstone  
effects4    ,two paving-stones hanging a
 short distance asunder and touched by  
nothing but the tranquil air1 remain at 
rest2 but should attract  each other had
 every atom in creation the property4   
,were a vacuum1  partial vacuum or air  
much rarer than atmospheric1 now placed 
between  the suspended stones1 each     
would be in motion towards the other the
  same instant4 ,here both causes1 the  
general pressure1 and the               
minus-pressure1 or motion promoting     
means1 are given2 the latter are        
sensibly present1 and the absence of    
attraction is as evident as the         
inutility of anything of the kind to    
effect the mutual approach of the  two  
bodies4 ,not so is the approach of two  
magnets understood1 because  the        
intermediate minus-pressure means       
present are not sensible4 ,that  iron   
magnets do not move together by         
attraction1 or that attraction is  not  
the cause of the phenomena imputed to   

it1 is proved in the case of            
iron-filings dropping from a bar1 when  
the connection of the bar with  the     
galvanic battery is broken2 and it will 
not be contended that the  galvanic     
current is attraction4    ,in order to  
arrive at a knowledge of wherein        
consists the means which  subvert the   
equilibrium between two suspended       
magnets1 reference  has to be made to   
the artizan's mode of operating in      
converting the  unmagnetised bar to a   
magnet4 ,he holds the bar in the middle1
 and  draws one half along the pole of a
 loadstone2 then draws the other  half  
along the other pole1 and after a few   
such alternate rubbings  against the    
poles1 the bar is a polarized magnet4   
,from which it was  formerly supposed1  
that iron contains a magnetic fluid     
which the  loadstone rubbings divide1   
and draw half to each end of the bar4   
,but  were such the fact1 the ends or   
poles should be equals1 whereas they    
are magnetic opposites4 ,now1 with more 

reason1 it is considered that  iron     
includes two different1 removable       
elements1 7correlatives17 which1  by the
 manipulation on the loadstone1 are     
drawn one to each end of the  bar1 and  
there remain as polar atmospheres1 and  
constitute what are  termed the         
polarities1 or opposite polarities of   
the bar2 the latter  opinion is somewhat
 confirmed by the corresponding manner  
in which iron  filings1 while being     
scattered on a sheet of paper1 become   
arranged  round the poles of a magnet   
lying under the paper4    ,the magnetic 
relation1 which the polar atmospheres of
 any iron magnet  bear to those of every
 iron magnet1 being the same as exists  
between  the polar atmospheres of every 
individual magnet1 makes manifest1 that 
a certain pair of correlative elements  
is common to all magnetisable  iron2 but
 without concluding that1 by the same   
kind of correlatives1  the polarities   
are produced in bodies not ferruginous1 
which1 if the  physical fact1 so may the

 animal correlatives be different in    
some  instances4 ,from which it follows1
 that no one mesmeriser can affect      
mesmerically every person1 nor any one  
person be so affected by all            
mesmerisers4 ,neither are all persons   
nervous alike1 which should  moderate   
the war cry against mesmerism generally 
because of failure in  some cases2 and  
should awaken the philosophic           
mesmeriser1 willing to  make perfect the
 science1 to investigate the cause of   
exceptions and  difficulties4    ,now1  
as respects the interposed              
minus-pressure means or matter1 which1  
by destroying the equilibrium1 promote  
the approaching motion of two  suspended
 magnets2 there is nothing whatever to  
refer to1 but the  magnets themselves1  
that is1 their polar atmospheres1 which1
 together  or facing one another1 make a
 rare or minus-pressure medium between  
the proximate ends1 into which both     
magnets are moved by the greater        
pressure on their remotest ends4 ,it    

lies with the previously-instructed     
patient1 while clairvoyant1 through     
questioning by the mesmeriser1  to make 
close observation1 and report all       
circumstances respecting  the magnetic  
lights2 also1 those attached to and     
proceeding from  the mesmeriser1 towards
 elucidating this most of all recondite 
subjects--magnetism1 in the philosophy  
of physics4 ,the mesmeriser  should hold
 in mind1 that1 probably the air between
 the facing ends of  two magnets is     
magnetically affected1 that is1 made a  
magnet in the  series by the other two2 
which seems to be the case when the     
patient is  magnetised at a distance    
from the mesmeriser by means of the     
pointed  finger1 and by the effect of   
will at a much greater distance4        
,,natural ,,sleep4      ,that sleep is  
not at the command of will is certain1  
or why undergo  the tedium of a restless
 night8 ,before the state of sleep can  
obtain1  the body has to experience an  
electro-physico change1 by which  the   

extremities are left polarised and the  
body an animal or living  magnet4 ,that 
the extremities are polarised during    
sleep1 is admitted  by all              
physiologists2 for the effecting of     
which there must be a pair  of          
correlative elements concerned4 ,while  
the elementary transfer1  productive of 
the polarities1 is taking place1 so is  
drowsiness2 when  sleep has obtained1   
the natural magnetising procedure has   
terminated2  hence from the degree of   
polarity1 the mesmeriser can determine  
the  stage to which the patient has been
 brought between the comatose and       
clairvoyant states1 and know the        
capability of his patient for being     
made clairvoyant or not2 this polar     
index should be well noticed4           
,comatose ,flow4--,it must have been    
observed by many persons while  dozing  
and the body in a sitting or leaning    
posture1 that an agreeable  warm glow   
arises in the chest1 which increases    
while passing sensibly  through the     

pectoral towards the gastric region1 and
 which terminates1  insensibly1 in the  
consummation of sleep2 from the feet    
upwards a  similar1 but less            
perceptible1 flow takes place4 ,of this 
twofold  comatose flow1 the immediate   
consequence is polarisation of the      
extremities2 sleep is a remote1 but not 
the remotest consequence1  when effects 
similar to those by the flow are        
mesmerically effected4  ,thus it appears
 that the theory of sleep and magnetism 
is the same4  ,the magnetising          
procedure1 however1 has this difference2
 the magnetic  correlatives are drawn   
from the middle to and out of the       
extremities of  the bar2 those of the   
body of the patient recede from the     
extremities  to the central region1     
leaving one1 the correlative of the     
other1 at  each extremity1 in both      
cases4    ,the foregoing theory of sleep
 is described from immediate personal   
observation4 ,while leaning over a      
table1 the doze heavy1 the comatose     

flow distinctly felt in its agreeable   
downward progress through  the chest1   
when1 just at the instant of            
forgetfulness1 the violent  slam of a   
door drove away all chance of sleep     
under the following  circumstances3 a   
sensible and sudden revulsion upwards1 a
 few seconds  of giddiness1 and a smart 
painful stroke on the stomach took      
place1  all in quick succession2 which  
may be accounted for thus3 the slam     
prevented the correlative fluids from   
the opposite extremities meeting        
centrally2 each gushed irregularly back1
 and depolarized its extremity1  the    
suddenness of which caused the          
giddiness4 ,the stroke is the true      
electric shock1 inflicted by the medium 
of space suddenly rushing  or falling on
 the stomach1 from which the matter of  
the comatose  flow had been as suddenly 
displaced4 ,taking all circumstances    
into  consideration1 it is manifest that
 the state of sleep is the result of  a 
natural magnetizing operation4          

,before the fire1 while reading1 the    
superior extremity loses electric       
matter to the fire1 which leaves it     
polarized and promotes the  comatose    
flow4 ,the lower extremity becomes      
polarized simultaneously  with the upper
 as a correlative consequence4 ,sleep is
 supposed to be  expedited by heat2     
hence the afternoon's nap is seconded by
 a silk  handkerchief thrown over the   
head1 but which is only a hindrance to  
electric matter1 similar to that of the 
comatose flow entering from  the air and
 depolarizing the extremity4 ,the       
handkerchief1 from being a              
non-conductor1 only prevents the coming 
sleep being retarded2 it could  neither 
generate nor multiply heat4             
,naturally it might be questioned1 why  
the body should become somnolent  daily2
 and1 by what means the comatose flow is
 naturally effected2--of  itself it     
could not take place4 ,the languor      
removed1 and renovation  of muscular    
strength through sleep1 may satisfy in  

the first instance4  ,next1 it would    
seem1 that1 as the functions of the     
several organs  depend on the presence  
of minus-pressure matter for            
unequalising  the pressure on each      
organ1 so must there be waste1 loss1 and
 daily  deficit of minus-pressure       
matter2 which1 from being made good by  
means  of sleep1 leaves it inferable1   
that the daily quantity derived from    
respiration may be little more than     
sufficient for the continuance  of      
animation under the minimum of bodily   
exercise2 but as man is  necessitated to
 follow laborious avocations1 so is it  
designed1  that the loss by service and 
waste shall be the means whereby the    
necessary re-supply is to be furnished4 
,the loss leaves the extremities        
polarized2 and as greater waste towards 
total exhaustion approaches1  the matter
 of the comatose flow becomes needed and
 is employed in  prolonging the         
functions of the different organs1 and  
before exhaustion  is complete the body 

is in the state of sleep2 during which1 
from  every inspiration being far more  
lengthy than ordinary1 the body is      
resupplied to repletion with the        
respirable minus-pressure matter1  by   
which the extremities are depolarized1  
and the sleeper is awake1  refreshed and
 invigorated4 ,from which it may be     
said1 that a man toils  himself to      
sleep1 and sleeps himself awake2 and    
that1 not balmy  sleep1 but respiration1
 is tired ,nature's sweet restorer4     
,mesmeric sleep may be considered forced
 sleep4 ,it is effected  with little or 
no comatose flow1 which renders         
replenishing by  long breathing         
unnecessary2 and the patient1 on being  
awakened by  demagnetising the          
extremities1 is rather debilitated than 
refreshed4    ,every finger of the      
mesmeriser is a magnet to the magnetic  
correlatives  within the extremities of 
the patient2 and the passes polarize    
after  the manner of the comatose flow  
in the case of natural sleep4 ,from     

there being no mesmerically-effected    
comatose flow1 there is reason to       
infer1 that the contents of the nerves  
of sensation only are what the  passes  
polarize and what only are polarized in 
natural sleep1 although  expressed by   
the word1 extremities4    ,repetition of
 the passes separates1 or de-electrises 
more completely  the nerves of the      
extremities1 than for the production of 
natural sleep  is requisite4 ,hence it  
may be said1 that the body of the       
mesmerised  patient is in magnetic      
advance1 and hence the series of        
surprising  consequences which bring to 
light more and more the wonders of the  
economy4    ,the passes should be       
conducted on magnetising principles2    
that is1 from  the extremities to the   
gastric region to bring on somnolency1  
and from  the same region to the head   
and feet or extremes to awaken2 from    
head  to foot is unscientific1 and might
 be prejudicial2 the central region  of 
the body should be considered the       

mesmeric insuperable line4 ,cross       
passes having been found efficient are  
not anomalous1 by reason of the  nerves 
and branches lying in all directions4   
,,vision4      ,according to the popular
 opinion1 which governs the philosopher1
  and with which the established        
philosophy agrees1 vision is an act     
performed by the eye1 which is said to  
be endowed with the faculty of  sight1  
by which it is enabled to look into1    
through space1 and see  external bodies 
made visible when covered with solar or 
day light2  nothing of which is true4   
,the eyeball is not possessed of sight2 
to  see is not the function of the      
sense2 externals are not visible2 there 
is no material light2 light is a        
sensible or mental effect consequent  on
 the chromatic organ of the brain being 
excited by the fluid of the  optic      
nerve4 ,all we know by means of the     
optic sense1 consists in the  sensation 
of light or coloured light1 accompanied 
with the idea of  form4 ,the object     

which promotes the sensation being1     
seemingly1 the  place of the sensation1 
all imagine the sensation is the colour 
of the  object to which the eye is      
directed1 and hence1 that the object or 
body is seen by the eyes4 ,these general
 mistakes are made evident and  stand   
corrected by reference to the sense     
itself1 its physiology and  function1 as
 previously stated and advised4    ,the 
medium of space is the visual medium2   
not1 however1 for looking  through1 as  
is supposed1 but by reason of it forming
 the link or  intermediate means by     
which the object is connected with the  
sense4  ,now1 as the medium of space is 
present everywhere1 and as it promotes  
visual or optic perception1 the question
 naturally arises1 why do we  not see in
 the night as well as day1 in all places
 and at all times2 in  a word1 why do we
 not see in the dark8 ,the clairvoyant  
does see in  the dark4    ,the nervous  
fluid excites the sensation of colour2  
the medium of space  connects mediately 

the object with the nervous fluid1 which
 fluid  acts on the optic cerebral organ
 by pressure and degrees of pressure4   
,the nervous fluid1 nor anything else1  
acts essentially1 that is1 by  means of 
properties and qualities2 and its acting
 on the brain is  caused by external    
agency1 the fluid itself being inert4   
,it may  well be supposed that the      
exquisite construction of the brain1    
from  being competent to produce        
psychologic effects1 although excited by
  material agency1 requires but the most
 simple means1 such as a simple  impulse
 or impression1 to be actuated into     
excitement2 and as the  portion or line 
of the medium of space which is         
continuous from the  external object1   
through the pupil1 to the nervous fluid 
within the  retina1 is that which puts  
the nervous fluid into functional action
 on  the brain1 it is fairly assumable  
that only by pressure1 degrees1 and     
changes of pressure1 the nervous fluid  
can by possibility act on and  excite   

the brain2 which equally applies to the 
nervous fluid of all  the senses4       
,taking1 then1 the maximum of optic     
pressure as productive  of no sensation2
 so1 from there being no object to      
perceive1 it is  imagined we are        
surrounded with darkness2 and taking the
 minimum as  exciting the sensation     
recognised as luminous1 light1 or white1
 to  intermediate degrees of cerebral   
pressure are to be attributed the       
sensations of red1 yellow1 blue and of  
colours generally4 ,according to  these 
terms of the colorific scale1 all       
optically-excited perceptions  are      
consequent on the cerebral pressure     
being in degrees on the scale  of       
descent from the maximum4    ,for the   
reduction of optic pressure1 there are  
different minus-pressure  means1 namely1
 the sun1 flame1 electricity1 phosphoric
 substances2  and the daily electric    
matter1 which is constant in the        
atmosphere at  the eastern hemisphere of
 the globe1 and which keeps pace with   

the  sun2 because the rarest elements of
 the atmosphere will be in greater      
quantity on the side facing the sun4 ,as
 this daily electric matter  emerges    
before the sun is above the horizon1 the
 general optic pressure  excites the    
sensation supposed to be the light of   
day-break2 and while  following1 after  
sunset1 the sensation is known as       
twilight4 ,any such  minus-pressure     
matter lying in the visual direction1   
shortens the  visual line1 and          
intercepts the continuity of that line  
of the medium  of space which makes one 
with the axis of the eye1 and thus      
effects the  reduction of optic         
pressure4           99       99       99
       99       99    ,note4--,the terms
 here made use of1 from being unknown in
 the olden  philosophy1 need            
explanation4--,axis line3 that line of  
the medium  of space which is as the    
axis of the eye produced to1 and        
terminated  by the external object4     
,visual line1 the same4 ,visual         

continuity2  the line which is          
continuous angularly with the           
termination of the  axis line4 ,from the
 termination of this continuous line1   
there may  be another angular continuity
 or line1 as from mirror to mirror4     
,all lines continuous from the axis line
 and terminated by the  object supposed 
to be seen1 and however irregular1 are  
lines of  vision3 the angular point1 the
 point of 7first1 second1 or third7     
continuity4 ,the reader should make a   
diagram for each case as he  proceeds4  
99       99       99       99       99  
,within the window-closed room1 a       
lighted candle is supposed to fill  the 
entire space with light radiated from   
the flame3 the perception is  named     
light1 and is thus wise excited4 ,when  
the axis line is terminated  by the     
flame1 the pressure on the nervous fluid
 is lessened to the  degree which       
promotes the sensation of luminousness1 
which seems to be  the physical         
appearance of the flame itself4 ,again2 

when1 in the same  room1 the eye is     
directed to a mirror the like perception
 is excited1  because the visual line is
 continuous from the point of           
continuity1 or  termination of the axis 
line1 to the flame as before4 ,when the 
axis  line is terminated by a piece of  
furniture1 the point of continuity      
being imperfect and the visual          
continuity thence to the flame irregular
  or indirect1 the optic pressure on the
 brain by the axis line excites  the    
sensation of colour1 which is imputed to
 the object1 chair1 or  table4    ,in   
the celebrated ,,optics1 the visual     
lines are mistaken for rays of  light   
radiated from the flame1 and reflected  
from the other objects2  which rays are 
supposed to enter the eye1 and 7as if   
possessed of  intelligence7 arrange     
themselves on the back of the eye or on 
the  retina1 in the precise form1 but of
 a different size1 of the object  to    
which the eyes are directed1 as the     
means by which externals are  seen      

before the face4 ,in cases wherein the  
visual line is indirect1  as when lying 
through media of unequal density1 the   
supposed rays are  said to be refracted3
 and1 because the curtained iris        
excludes the  visual medium1 except     
through the pinhole pupil1 thence along 
the axis  through the lenses of the     
eyeball1 the optics inculcate1 that the 
eye has been formed to see only in      
straight lines4 ,finally1 by ,dr4  ,reed
 it is taught1 that the use of the      
sensation and of the image on  the back 
of the eye1 is to make the external     
object opposite the  face be seen2 all  
which has to be rejected and forgotten  
in being  guided by the natural1 real   
function of the sense1 against which    
there  is no appeal4 ,there are no rays 
concerned2 the medium of vision is      
quiescent2 there can be neither         
radiation1 reflection1 nor refraction   
effected by passive inert bodies2 there 
is no image on any part of the  eye or  
retina2 and externals could not be made 

visible1 or seen by  their images4 ,such
 absurdities1 all of which are          
maintained in modern  philosophy1 have  
prevented1 more than any thing else1 the
 science and  phenomena of ,mesmerism   
being understood4    ,according to the  
interstitial composition of the surface 
of a body1  so is the point of visual   
continuity at or beneath the surface2   
which  determines the degree of pressure
 on the axis line2 which determines     
what shall be the resulting sensation1  
or apparent colour of the  surface of   
the object to which the pupil of the    
eyeball is directed4  ,through a pane of
 glass1 or through the clear atmosphere1
 the axis line  may be said to be       
uninterruptedly continuous1 and the     
perception is as  if the glass were     
away4 ,through an ignited sheet of iron 
the visual  continuity is imperfect1 and
 may be said to be continuous only      
halfway  through the sheet4 ,an ignited 
bar1 at first1 is said to be brown1 then
  ignited to redness3 colours are       

sensations4 ,within the bar the axis    
line is continuous in zig-zag order1    
which causes the optic pressure  to     
excite the sensation of red3 it is a    
prismatic case4 ,the spectra1  by means 
of the prism1 are only in the sensorium2
 the skreen itself is  unseen4 ,when the
 direct axis line terminates at the     
apparent red on the  skreen1 the        
continuity thence is maintained through 
some particular  part of the prism2 when
 terminated by the yellow1 through a    
different  part2 when by the blue1      
through another different part2 and     
through  each part the continuity is    
somewhat curvilinear1 hence the         
pressures  and perceptions are          
different4 ,through the air1 when the   
perception is  of the many-coloured     
rainbow1 the visual continuity is as    
through the  prism3 there is no coloured
 bow out of the sensorium4    ,where    
there are no minus-pressure means for   
lessening the optic  pressure1 as in    
mines1 caves1 and window-closed rooms1  

there can be no  perceptions of light   
and colour4 ,from the sensation ceasing 
the same  instant the last              
window-shutter is closed1 it would seem1
 that1 the  daily minus-pressure matter 
is in constant flow eastward through the
  globe4 ,the rheumatic sufferer fears  
sun-down1 as if the daily matter  enters
 and protects the nerves from the       
nightly4 ,the meteorologist has  to     
resolve the problem for the philosopher 
in tracing the magnetic  meridian4      
,the objection is unfounded against     
pressure being the cerebral exciting    
cause4 ,it is objected1 that1 from two  
stars equally distant1 one  considered  
red1 the other blue1 the pressure cannot
 be changed along  the visual lines in  
the small space of time the eye takes to
 direct  itself from one to the other   
star4 ,there is no changing of pressure 
on  either line4 ,the existing pressure 
on the sense by each is different1  and 
what it is1 depends on the constitution 
of the external object1 as  in every    

other instance1 and just as on that of  
the ignited bar already  stated4 ,the   
imputed colours of the stars being      
different1 so is the  continuity of axis
 line beneath the surface of the        
atmosphere of each  star1 also the      
degree of pressure and the sensitive    
result4    ,neither is it maintainable  
that the medium of space cannot be the  
medium of vision1 because from being    
all-pervading1 it should excite  vision 
through all kinds of bodies1 as through 
a block of rock crystal1  but does not  
through so thin a substance as a leaf of
 blotting-paper4  ,by clairvoyance it is
 proved that the visual continuity is   
maintained  through stone walls2 and by 
reason of the visual and auditory medium
  being the same1 that is1 medium of    
space1 the hearing through  stone walls1
 makes the seeing possible4 ,the bell   
must be connected  mediately with the   
auditory sense1 as is the object with   
the visual  sense2 and through stone    
walls there is nothing continuous but   

the  medium of space4 ,sound is no more 
a transmissible object than colour2     
neither belongs to the external object4 
,in all such cases of sensations  which 
are different1 although the promoting   
means are the same for all  the senses1 
that the organs of sense may not be     
equally susceptible1  or capable of     
being put into functional service by the
 same degree of  cerebral pressure1     
should be held in mind1 or else it might
 be asked  why all the senses are not   
excited at the same time4               
,,transparency4      ,a transparent     
body1 is one through which the visual   
line is  uninterruptedly continuous from
 an object to the sense4 ,the materials 
for glass-making are opaque1 and the    
natural opacity of their  elementary    
atoms is unalterable4 ,hence in some    
novel arrangement of  the atoms towards 
promoting the direct continuity of the  
medium of  space through them1 consists 
the object of vitrifying and principle  
of  transparency4          ,,opacity4   

,the principal obstacle to transparency 
is interposed electric matter4  ,in the 
earliest stages of glass-making an      
immense volume of electric  matter is   
got rid of by means of the furnace fire1
 which becomes sooty  smoke while       
ascending and passing through the       
furnace funnel2 and to  prevent all     
return of the like1 it is1 that solid   
oxygen is added to  the materials when  
fused1 the interstices of which1 in the 
vitrified  mass1 secure the direct      
continuity of the visual medium4        
,priestley  made black wax and brass    
filings transparent1 by only removing   
all  interposed electric matter4 ,the   
body of a living man1 by being          
de-electrised1 has been made            
transparent4 ,in these instances the    
transparency is of short continuance1   
and the opacity is restored by          
returning electric matter4 ,fire1 in    
de-electrising gems and crystals1       
destroys all partial opacity4 ,the      
clearest water is made cloudy on        

receiving the charge from the           
electrifying jar2 by uncustomary        
electric  matter1 the atmosphere is made
 foggy1 and is transparent again when   
the  electric matter becomes a          
constituent of rain-water4 ,these       
instances  show1 that1 electric matter  
lying in the way of the medium of space 
and vision1 interrupts its regular      
continuity1 consequently1 its  direct   
pressure2 yet not wholly1--clairvoyance 
and sound make manifest  that the       
continuity is maintained through the    
most opaque bodies4 ,the  principle     
bears strongly on the physiology of     
clairvoyance4          ,,the ,,nervous  
,,fluid4      ,were there a distinct    
fluid belonging to the nerves of        
sensation1 and  insulated1 it could not 
be affected by external circumstances1  
nor  its cerebral excitement be         
productive in the least of any          
knowledge1  relative or inferential of  
external bodies4 ,were the fluid not    
insulated1 it should be subject to waste

 like the lachrymal fluid1 and  must    
excite the brain differently at         
different times1 even under equal       
circumstances2 which must make it       
impossible to identify the same body    
after its removal out of the            
axis-of-vision direction4    ,a distinct
 fluid1 not insulated1 has to be in     
contact with the line of  medium of     
space which the external object         
terminates1 which adds to the           
difficulty of waste1 in the possibility 
of the nerves becoming flooded  with an 
abnormal fluid1 medium of space4 ,much  
more likely is it1  that1 the cerebral  
exciting fluid1 of the nerves generally1
 consists  in medium of space1 received 
from without through the cuticular      
insertions and orifices of the nerves as
 streamlets from the great  ocean of    
space1 subject to neither ebb nor flow1 
and liable to change  of pressure       
occasioned by external agency4          
,according to this idea1 the  object and
 brain are the terms of the visual line2

 and medium of space1  continuous from  
the object through the nerves to the    
brain1 is the  connecting link4         
,further2 although medium of space is   
the nervous fluid and immediate         
cerebral exciting cause1 7which entitles
 it to be named the ,,true  nervous     
fluid17 there are strong grounds for    
concluding that1 with  the true fluid1  
the nerves include a pair of correlative
 elements4  ,because of the mesmeric    
effected polarities being without the   
comatose  flow1 which leaves nothing to 
look to for the polarizing means but the
  contents of the nerves4 ,next1 as     
clairvoyance is a cerebral effect1      
something connected with the nervous    
fluid must be concerned in its          
production1 or why not clairvoyance take
 place without the magnetic  passes4    
,finally1 the true fluid1 or any single 
fluid1 is incapable  of being polarized2
 and the true fluid might be rendered   
immovable  at times1 were there no      
electric or minus-pressure matter within

  the nerves1 also to prevent its       
increase1 and to retain the normal      
quantity of the true fluid4 ,all        
extremes being prevented1 and the       
polarities of the extremities productive
 of increased lucidity1 are  consistent 
with idea of the nerves including       
magnetising correlatives1  which1       
beside1 serve as an elastic break       
against the fluid exciting the  brain   
indistinctly1 irregularly1 or           
exquisitely2 and only1 as it were1      
muffled1 to prevent the sensibility of  
the cerebral organs being worn  out     
prematurely4    ,another object may be  
attained by the included electric       
correlatives1  namely1 restricting the  
exciting pressure to certain degrees1 so
 that  the sensation shall be defined   
and directing1 but otherwise useless    
and misleading4 ,another may be1 that of
 regulating the degrees of  pressure on 
such a scale1 as that1 by the same      
senses1 sensations shall  be excited as 
different from each other as those of   

red1 yellow1 and  blue by the optic     
sense1 heat and cold by the feeling     
sense1 sweet and  bitter by the gustory 
sense4 ,to which the conjecture may be  
added1 for  the purpose of anatomic and 
physiologic inquiry1 that1 as not even  
an  elementary interstice is without    
design1 so may the orifices of the      
retina be of regulated diameters1 to    
ensure such definite degrees of         
pressure on the brain as shall excite   
the sensations recognised as  primitive 
colours4    ,on the principle that the  
nervous fluid is derived from without1  
the  question is decided as to the      
cuticular termination of the nerves1    
which is objected to by some1 in        
consequence of a few of the nerves      
being observed to have inward bending4  
,and is it not a matter of  common      
observation1 that feeling is most       
sensible at the tips of the  fingers or 
apparent place of the sensation4        
,,clairvoyance4      ,all               
mesmerically-produced phenomena are the 

consequence of the passes4  ,the        
immediate effect of the passes is       
de-electrisation of the nerves1  that   
is1 of their contents1 which leaves them
 polarised 7as is the  case in natural  
sleep71 but more intensely than is      
effected by the  comatose flow4 ,in the 
ordinary condition1 the contents of the 
nerves  may be likened to milky water in
 a barometer tube2 in natural sleep1 to 
the same1 with a less degree of         
milkiness--the latter subsiding from    
the ends to the middle portion of the   
water2 and in the clairvoyant  condition
 of the nerves1 to the milkiness having 
so completely  subsided as to leave the 
water above and below the middle of the 
tube  transparent4 ,in the ordinary     
condition1 the nervous fluid is clogged1
  as it were1 with intermixed electric  
matter1 which1 by marring the  regular  
continuity of the fluid from without to 
the brain1 reduces in  some degree the  
exciting pressure on the brain1 which   
prevents the  function of the fluid     

being employed to its utmost4 ,in this  
encumbered  state1 the fluid may be said
 to act on the brain1 as the clapper    
when  muffled on a bell4 ,still the     
excited pressure is sufficiently strong1
  and the mental result sufficiently    
distinct for all human purposes4  ,when 
to the clairvoyant degree the nerves    
have been denuded of impeding  electric 
matter1 the nervous fluid is enabled to 
act on the brain as  if unmuffled2 and  
as its continuity from the orifices of  
the retina  through space is not in any 
manner altered1 so1 to the altered      
electric  condition1 mesmerically       
effected1 on the contents of the nerves 
between  their orifices and the brain1  
we must attribute all mesmerically      
produced phenomena2 and without         
supposing that the brain is quickened   
into a higher degree of sensibility1 or 
that any one of its various  organs has 
acquired some exalted degree of         
psychologic ability4    ,that long      
vision and opaque vision should be      

consequences of  cleansing1 as it were1 
the nerves of intercepting              
minus-pressure  matter1 is nothing      
surprising1 it is as removing dust from 
the window  to better our vision3 the   
physiology is traceable1 and the        
psychology  not more incomprehensible   
than its hourly occurrence in a minor   
degree1  to which1 as sensible effects1 
we are indebted for all we know1 and by 
which we abide1 without inquiry into    
their nature or origin2 so perfect  is  
the design of ,nature in our make for   
supplying all that is requisite  to the 
comfort and enjoyment of man in his     
present state of existence4      ,long  
vision1 during the clairvoyant state1 or
 the recognition of  objects greatly    
remote by the sensation each promotes1  
has its wonder  much more in the nature 
of the medium of space than in the      
familiar  mental effect4 ,the optically 
promoted sensation is proof that the    
external object1 were it at the         
antipodes1 is in mediate connection     

with not only the nervous fluid of the  
retina1 but the brain4 ,long  and       
ordinary vision have the same theory3 in
 both states the same  chromatic        
cerebral organ is excited by the nervous
 fluid2 in both the  nervous fluid is   
continuous from the brain to the        
external body2 and in  both the object  
perceived is the sensation of colour4   
,that the eye-ball  lenses are concerned
 in long and opaque1 as in short vision1
 however  in the two former1 the eyes   
may be bandaged 7to satisfy the desire  
of  spectators1 otherwise useless1 if   
not worse17 is obvious1 from the        
knowledge of form being connected with  
the sensation1 as in every  instance of 
optically-excited perception4    ,by the
 passes1 the nervous fluid is freed from
 the visual intercepting  electric      
matter2 which matter1 like the colouring
 matter in stained  glass1 renders the  
continuity of the visual medium or fluid
 within the  optic nerve impaired4      
,to account for the phenomenon of much  

longer than ordinary vision1  there is  
nothing in the mesmeric case to effect  
the difference1 or  refer to1 but the   
de-electrised condition of the nervous  
fluid4 ,from  which it would seem that  
the visual line from the most remote    
object1  is always as continuous to the 
brain as from one within arm's length   
before the face2 and that the degree of 
cerebral exciting pressure  on the      
longer line is rendered equally         
efficacious1 now1 that the  electric    
impediment has been removed from the    
nervous fluid2 hence1  that the normal  
intermixed quantity of electric matter  
with the nervous  fluid prevents us     
being clairvoyant at all times1 is      
reasonable to  conclude4      ,opaque   
vision1 or the seeing through opaque    
bodies1 is not the  absurdity so        
generally imagined when judged and      
reasoned on according  to the true      
principles of visual perception3 the    
facts of clairvoyance  place the        
absurdity on the denier4    ,as the     

medium of space furnishes all the nerves
 with the true and only  cerebral       
exciting fluid1 which is necessarily    
all-pervading1 and proved  to be so by  
the auditory sense1 or hearing through  
stone walls1  the possibility of seeing 
through such bodies is made manifest1   
and  clairvoyantly1 has been proved4    
,misled by the idea that the eye-balls  
look through solid glass1 yet cannot    
look through a stone1 to doubt and  deny
 is pardonable2 yet nothing else is     
requisite1 than that the visual  medium 
shall be continuous from the object to  
the brain1 no matter how  many opaque   
objects lie between1 for the perception 
being excited1 and  promoted by the     
remote object3 the object perceived is  
the sensation  of this or that colour1  
as in transparent vision4 ,it is no     
ordinary  circumstance1 that of seeing  
through opaque bodies2 neither is it  an
 ordinary circumstance1 the extreme     
de-electrised condition of the  nervous 
fluid1 on which the extra-ordinary of   

the phenomenon depends4  ,in removing   
the partial opacity of a crystal by     
means of fire1 the  hindrance to the    
visual continuity1 electric matter1 is  
displaced2  but as no such electric     
displacement from a stone wall is       
effected or  practicable1 while to the  
clairvoyant the continuity is as were   
there  no electric impediment in the    
wall1 is proof additional that the      
medium  of space1 the common cerebral   
exciting cause1 pervades all things1 the
  human body included1 and hence the    
being in ,report4    ,now that mesmeric 
practice and proof have stifled all open
 opposition1  by the influential        
ignorant1 to the surprising truths of   
the science1  that all persons cannot be
 mesmerised to the clairvoyant stage1 is
 in  nowise prejudicial to mesmerism1 or
 to the ,,science ,,of ,,the ,,economy  
being  intimately connected with medical
 practice2 neither are occasional       
failures by the clairvoyant1 especially 
in trial tests1 some of which  exhibit  

samples of complicated confusion1 as if 
for the purpose of  suppression1 instead
 of laudably exalting the all-important 
science of  mesmerism4 ,had the very    
liberal offer of a hundred pounds been  
under  less complicated conditions1 the 
bank-note most certainly would have     
been deciphered and changed hands4 ,had 
the note been spread open1  while       
enclosed between two plates of          
sheet-iron1 and then read by the        
clairvoyant1 the test would have been   
sufficient to convince the most  steady1
 sturdy1 staunch unbeliever1 and the    
dnouement affirmative  to every         
dispassionate observer4 ,but from being 
folded line upon line1  letter on       
letter1 at least three deep1 the        
misarrangement destroyed  most          
effectually all reading order4 ,a       
,newtonian would say1 that1  the        
commixed rays proceeding from the       
several overlaid typographic            
characters1 and from the lines placed   
tier over tier1 could never  form the   

image of even a single letter on the    
retina1 with anything  resembling       
legible clearness2 therefore the trial  
must fail most  inevitably4             
,,rigidity4      ,none deny that        
rigidity of the limbs can be effected   
mesmerically2  but all mistake who      
impute the phenomenon to muscular       
ability1  irritability1 or energy4 ,all 
flesh is inert2 all muscular fibrine is 
flexible1 bends from its own weight when
 held horizontally1 and over  it the    
will has neither power nor influence4   
,then1 how is a muscle or  nerve to     
stiffen itself1 and where is the        
mechanical arrangement within  for such 
purpose8 ,the power is derived from     
without1 and consists in  medium of     
space4 ,the de-electrising passes make  
entrance-room for  influent medium of   
space1 which is the cause of the limbs  
becoming  rigid4 ,as in ,bramah's pump1 
water serves the purpose of an iron     
piston1  so1 within the nerves and      
muscles1 medium of space in excess and  

under  the general pressure1 is an      
equally rigid piston1 and the cause of  
all  muscular strength and of rigidity4 
,the depolarizing passes bring back     
electric matter1 which displaces all    
excess of medium of space1 and  with it 
the physical cause of rigidity4         
,,pain4      ,pain is not removed but   
prevented by means of the passes4 ,it is
 not  excited in the mesmerised patient 
during severe surgical operations1      
because the movements of the brain1 as  
is said of a watch with the  finger on a
 wheel1 are stopped4    ,general        
insensibility being effected by pressure
 of the surgeon's  finger on the brain  
of a fractured skull1 so is it          
mesmerically  effected by the nervous   
fluid1 which has suffered increase as   
the  nerves have been de-electrised by  
the passes4      ,curative              
,mesmerism4--,the curative principle of 
mesmerism seems to  consist in          
correcting occasional irregularities in 
the electric  circulation4 ,by the      

passes1 electric matter in excess is    
removed1  which1 from being noxious to  
the part1 might contribute to the       
formation of mucus to become concrete1  
or otherwise injurious to the  flesh3   
or1 the passes may transfer the excess  
to supply deficiency  elsewhere1--as in 
the case of gout1 a disease of the      
sufferer's own  making1 from excess of  
de-electrising food and drink1 which    
uncoats  and unlines the nerves1 and    
thus leaves the nervous fluid1 from     
casual  circumstances1 to almost        
lacerate the brain4 ,stomach coating    
aliment1  not denuding physic1 is the   
cure3 as electric matter may become a   
constituent of the humidities of the    
different organs1 so may it of the      
serous fluid1 which is indispensable to 
wholesome flesh4 ,in all such  cases    
mesmerism is curative4                  
,ethers4--,from inhaled ethers1         
producing insensibility without         
rigidity1 it would seem that they       
contribute a kind of electric matter  to

 the interior of the nerves1 but which1 
from being uncongenial1  is happily soon
 displaced4 ,all excess being the more  
prejudicial1  the quicker the           
displacement the better4 ,any ether     
imparted to the  fluids of the nerves1  
may effect reduction in the quantity of 
the true  fluid through the cuticle     
orifices2 or make breaks in what is     
left1  so as to leave the nervous fluid 
incompetent to produce excitement  of   
the brain2 hence the insensibility of   
the patient1 if that can be  considered 
insensibility1 when there is nothing of 
pain of which to be  insensible4        
,etherising by external application1 but
 which may not amount to  mesmerizing1  
is nothing new4 ,a ,dublin apothecary1  
sixty years since1  cured the poor daily
 of nervous complaints1 headaches       
especially1 by  pressing a folded       
handkerchief on the forehead1 taken from
 a wide-mouth  jar1 concealed with      
professional delicacy1 behind the       
counter1 but  long since discontinued2  

the learned in the laws of life and     
living1  considering that short-hand    
work is a forbidden practice1--that     
something newest in the last            
,pharmacopoeia is better than the best1 
for all parties4 ,tobacco-smoking brings
 on a degree of insensibility1  and     
mesmerically conduces to sleep1 which   
exertion frustrates4 ,the  smoke of the 
fire in ,london stayed the plague in the
 year #afff4 ,the  subject is worthy of 
consideration by the mesmerizing        
physician1 in  case of epidemics        
especially4          ,,report4      ,the
 being in report one with another1 the  
mesmerised with the  mesmeriser1 is     
proved possible1 and from being effected
 by the passes  is proved also to be    
natural1--not satanic or supernatural1  
the weakest  of all ideas4 ,within      
,nature there can be nothing            
supernatural2 nor out  of ,nature1 or of
 the other worlds1 anything in the power
 of living man  or poor human nature to 
command or imitate4 ,however1 as        

believers  are not reasoners1 except in 
the arithmetic of funds1 to the reformer
  ,time1 must be left the conversion to 
,reason4    ,throughout the whole of    
,nature there is nothing insulated1 not 
even  an atom4 ,involved in a universal 
medium of pressure1 all things must  be 
in contact1 mediate or immediate4 ,the  
atmosphere is a universal  connecting   
link4 ,as by the sea the most           
distantly-situated islands are  in      
mediate connection1 so are all mankind  
by means of the atmosphere4  ,still this
 atmospheric connection is limited to   
margin with margin1  surface with       
surface4 ,by the all-pervading medium of
 space1 the  interior of all living     
beings is in mediate connection1 equally
 as the  interior of submerged sponges  
by the water4 ,as light would pervade   
and connect our bodies were they glass1 
so does the medium of space4  ,but were 
mankind so left1 it is difficult to     
conceive how the organic  functions     
could possibly take place1 and          

impossible to say how personal          
individuality could be1 as at present1  
an independent animal privilege4        
,although the medium of space is        
continuous through all bodies1 the      
regular continuity is impaired by the   
elements of the atmosphere  between     
each4 ,the atmosphere not only protects 
all living bodies  against the maximum  
and all excess of pressure1 but in some 
considerable degree insulates the bodies
 of persons from each other1  just as   
fog and small snow intercept the visual 
continuity and would  render rays of    
light interruptedly continuous2 so do   
the intermixed  atoms of the atmosphere 
the regular continuity of the medium of 
space  between person and person1 as    
respects surfaces4 ,within the body1    
insulation is still more complete3 here1
 electric matter and air  abound to the 
exclusion of all excess of medium of    
space2 by which the  different organs   
remain1 in a manner disconnected1 or so 
far1 as that  the functional action of  

each organ has its distinct period1     
instead of  the action of the whole     
being simultaneously performed4 ,beside 
these  means and degrees of insulation1 
the non-conducting coating and lining   
of the nerves insulate more completely  
their elementary contents1 by  which the
 nerves are not only tubes of separation
 but insulation1 and  are direct        
conducting channels of the nervous fluid
 through the body  from its external    
source to the brain4    ,although man is
 thus isolated from man1 the isolating  
means do not  prevent the medium of     
space being continuous through all1 and 
from one  to another2 which is          
manifested by the clairvoyant1 who has  
the like  of the sensation excited in   
the brain of the mesmeriser repeated or 
excited in his own brain2 as when the   
mesmeriser masticates and the  sensation
 of the same flavour is known by the    
mesmerised4 ,the sensation  is nothing  
transferable2 taste is not by the       
tongue2 hence1 by the  sensation being  

excited in succession in the brain of   
each person1  is the only conceivable   
mode1 in reason1 why the second should  
know  what the first is masticating4    
,the nervous fluid of the two may be    
supposed to be derived from the medium  
of space between them2 then1  by the    
medium of space lying between1 the      
nervous fluids of the two  are rendered 
continuous one with the other1 and is so
 at all times1  but only when the       
nervous fluid is mesmerically           
de-electrised is it  productive of      
clairvoyant perceptions4 ,community of  
sensation1 or  the same sensation being 
perceived by different persons1 is an   
impossibility4 ,the first sensation is  
only where it has been excited1  in the 
brain of the mesmeriser2 and supposing  
the matter of the nervous  fluid        
continuous direct from his brain to that
 of the patient1 in  it1 what has the   
latter to perceive8--nothing2 neither is
 perception  separable in idea from the 
result of cerebral excitement4 ,it is to

  be hoped that the desultory ideas here
 advanced may tend to a better          
knowledge on this singular mesmeric     
discovery4 ,even the foregoing may  be  
objected to with apparent reason1 on    
consideration of what is termed         
community of thought1 wherein there is  
no previous sensation to be  repeated4  
,to account for which requires more     
cerebral information than  has as yet   
been brought to light2 when             
satisfactorily known it may  show1      
whether or not community in dreaming may
 be effected4 ,report  would be         
impossible were there not intimate      
connection of brain with  brain4        
,,voluntary ,,de-,,electrisation4       
,every motion of the limbs being        
effected by pressure1 to promote the    
local change minus-pressure matter has  
to be displaced4 ,that the assent  of   
will is indispensable is evident1       
inasmuch as there is no ordinary  limb  
motion1 if not previously assented to by
 the will4 ,yet will is no  mechanical  

power1 nor anything having a distinct   
existence4 ,will seems  to be1 the      
mutual accordance of the cerebral organs
 to act together  so as to effect1 or   
rather assist1 the accomplishing of a   
present  intention4 ,the act may be     
likened to that of suction1 voluntarily 
performed by the brain to de-electrise  
itself1 in order to make room  for and  
receive that which lies in the way of   
the desired object being  effected4 ,the
 voluntary act by the brain cannot be on
 anything far  away1 or not in contact  
with the brain1 and that which is acted 
on  must be continuous to the place of  
the removable impediment4 ,if1 then1    
the brain does de-electrise itself1 and 
that by so doing it receives  electric  
matter from the nerves which are        
continuous from the limb  to the brain1 
such removal of electric matter is      
effected within the  nerves of the limb1
 as makes space for medium of space to  
enter in the  requisite quantity to move
 the limb according to the required     

velocity4  ,it is not to be overlooked1 
that1 previous to the self              
de-electrisation  of the brain1 thought 
may be concerned in promoting the       
cerebral  de-electrising act4 ,so far as
 the foregoing may be true1 the like    
circumstances take place when the       
mesmeriser wills into report with       
himself the far-off patient1 the        
electric matter in the space between    
being affected with as much facility1 as
 the transfer of similar matter  from   
the trough to the utmost extent of the  
galvanic wire1 which may be  considered 
instantaneous1 considering the hundreds 
of miles distance  between4      ,the   
,nature and ,power of ,will4--,the power
 of effecting1 voluntarily1  the        
transfer of electric matter from one    
part of the interior of the  body to a  
different1 seems to belong1 in some     
necessary degree1 to  all bodies        
possessed of life4 ,the object is to    
make space for medium  of space to      
enter1 and by its pressure to put the   

animal in a state  of locomotion4 ,the  
snake1 worm1 and snail do so to be      
pressed onward  along the ground2 the   
oyster1 to have the shells firmly       
collapsed2 the  limpit1 to be pressed   
against the rock2 and each1 cerebrally  
wills  the replacement of electric      
matter to displace the cause of         
pressure1  medium of space1 for the     
grovelling reptile to be at rest--the   
oyster1  that the shells may be opened2 
the limpit1 when willing to fall into   
the water4 ,the fly1 lizard1 and walrus1
 so de-electrise the body1 as to        
reverse the direction of what is        
supposed to be their natural weight1  by
 which means each becomes pressed       
upwards1 and walks with the back        
downwards--which1 to be consistent with 
the established philosophy1  should be  
considered repellent gravitation4 ,the  
goat voluntarily  de-electrises his body
 to have it pressed with double force   
against  the slippery rock2 the lynx1 to
 have mesmeric long vision2 the cat1 to 

have opaque vision1 or see through the  
dark2 the fire-fly1 to effect  reduction
 of the optic pressure productive of    
sensations of colour4 ,the              
carrier-pigeon effects self             
de-electrisation to the clairvoyant     
degree1  by which the external object1  
the turret at ,constantinople1 promotes 
the sensation which indicates at once   
the shortest direction of flight  from  
,london to the birth-place of the bird4 
,the eagle de-electrises  itself        
inwardly1 the same as if by the mesmeric
 passes1 to promote  olfactory lucidity1
 by which to ascertain the presence of  
carrion on  the ground4 ,fishes effect  
internal de-electrisation1 somehow by   
means  of the contents of the swim1 for 
influent medium of space to propel  the 
body with a velocity superior to the    
power of the short1 flexible  fins4 ,the
 flight of birds is not effected by wing
 motion1 or wing  powers4 ,the crow1    
eagle1 and kite sail in all directions  
on extended  motionless wing1 and the   

odd wing-flap now and then given1 is    
only  to assist in keeping the body in  
the necessary electric condition4  ,the 
swallow is darted most rapidly through  
the air with closed  wing1 and changes  
acutely1 without way1 the direction of  
flight1 by  changing instantaneously the
 direction of impulse4 ,with the        
greatest  wing-agitation the hawk       
remains at times stationary in the air4 
,the  fish1 bird1 and bullet are        
impelled by the same cause1 pressure1 by
 the  medium of space on the            
de-electrised rear4    ,the cow and goat
 voluntarily de-electrise the cud1 for  
medium of space  to enter and press it  
upwards through the food-passage which  
the cud  presses against1 instead of    
being raised by nerves or muscles of the
  esophagus4 ,in parturition also1 and  
the discharge of the feces1 the  same   
principles are maintained4 ,the throes  
of ,nature are consequent  on the       
natural pressure being made             
intermitting1 by electric matter        

returning to and escaping from the birth
 at intervals4 ,the physiologist  may   
refer to muscular action2 but where are 
the delivery muscles8 ,the  stage-dancer
 makes de-electrising efforts to receive
 medium of space1  by which to be lifted
 above the boards and supported a few   
seconds  in the air4 ,muscles at full   
stretch in opposite directions1 and the 
fulcrum1 if any1 being carried by them1 
is out of all dynamic rule4 ,all        
persons make a de-electrising effort    
previous to the leap-spring1 and  while 
continuing to stand or run and tiptoe1  
without being aware of  the reason2 and 
the fatigue is not muscular1 but in     
keeping the body  fittingly             
de-electrised4    ,the gymnotus         
electricus kills the distant prey       
instantaneously1 which  receives nothing
 whatever of missile from the enemy2 nor
 could the  latter be accessary to the  
death-stroke1 were there nothing between
 to  connect one with the other3 nothing
 passing and no connecting means1  no   

outstretched arm or instrument touching 
that which is to be acted  on1 is a     
mechanical absurdity1 and is attributing
 an effect to that  which1 it may be    
said1 is an absent cause4 ,the eel      
voluntarily performs  the cerebral      
operation on the electric matter which  
is continuous from  itself through the  
air to the marked prey1 which effects   
instantaneous  removal of the same      
matter from the prey2 which permits     
medium of space  at the same instant to 
give the de-electrised part the         
death-blow4          ,,application ,,of 
,,mesmerism4      ,first4 ,a ,national  
,asylum1 to be named1 ,,the ,,british   
,,mesmeric  ,,institution1 should be    
founded and endowed4 ,england should    
take the  lead4 ,a ,professorship of    
,magnetism should be founded4 ,all      
,sanatory  ,asylums to be obliged to    
furnish their experience periodically1  
and  be under control of the            
,institution1 which should be possessed 
of  power to undiploma the medical      

practitioner who refuses to mesmerise4  
,self-mesmerising to ,clairvoyance1 to  
be taught1 which is as teachable  as    
ventriloquism2 the principle is the same
 of both1--the theory is  that of sound4
    ,through self-mesmerising1 the blind
 and eyeless would be extricated        
occasionally from the shadow leading to 
the valley of death and  be enabled to  
follow some useful calling4 ,some blind1
 illiterate  clairvoyant1 may have      
superior connoisseurship1 entitling him 
to fill  the academic chair4 ,through   
mesmerism the resuscitating process can 
be  brought under rules of science4     
,through clairvoyance the geography of  
the globe may yet be improved2 the      
northern passage discovered2 the        
astronomer assisted in his stellar      
speculations beyond the possibility  of 
mere telescopic discovery4 ,on          
ship-board1 the voluntary clairvoyant   
may make discovery of the haze-hidden   
lighthouse and wave-hidden shoal4  ,in  
the hands of the clairvoyant the        

telescope and microscope1 will1 in      
time1 make us acquainted with other     
worlds1 other beings1 and other of  the 
wonderful works of the ,,great ,,god    
,,of ,,nature6    ,the ,seeker after    
,god from the book of ,god's own        
composing1 the holy  volume of his own  
works1 through voluntary clairvoyance1  
will feel  himself in the enjoyment of a
 second nature1 the fit inhabitant of   
an intellectual world1 in which the     
powers of thought are without  limits4  
,and who can say what discovery of      
abstract truths may not be  elicited    
from the conversation of two or more    
clairvoyants in mutual  report1 all of  
exalted talent and superior education8  
,other worlds1  ere this be past1 may   
open to our view1 and their inhabitants 
become  clairvoyantly familiar to human 
observation4 ,the idea is pregnant  with
 hope2 it presumes that we are not      
inhabitants of only the earth1  but the 
universe2 which may be considered a     
natural1 never-dying  hope4 ,why1 then1 

should the science be opposed which has 
already been  so beneficial to our      
species1 and promises to make known the 
never  yet discovered wonders of the    
animal economy8 ,surely they will be    
yet ashamed of having done those things1
 the fruit of which is the  bitterness  
of remorse4          ,,continuous       
,,motion4      ,the motion which        
continues after the body has ceased to  
be in contact  with the sensible        
impelling cause1 is named continuous    
motion4 ,the  body impelled receives    
neither force nor motion from the       
impelling  cause3 neither force nor     
motion is anything transferrable or     
anything  communicable2 forcible        
velocity and change of place are but    
accidents  of matter1 and but local1    
casual circumstances of bodies4 ,being  
inert1 the body cannot move itself4     
,motion1 therefore1 is but a  physical  
effect1 and must have a cause equal to  
the duration of the  effect3 motion     
after impulse has ceased1 would be      

effect without  cause--which is an      
absurdity and impossibility2 therefore  
impulse  is constant as motion1 however 
insensible the impelling cause4  ,these 
dynamic principles cannot be too        
frequently brought to mind1  considering
 the general erroneous opinion on the   
subject which  maintains1 that a body   
continues in motion because it cannot   
stop  itself2 which is effect without   
its equal of cause4    ,a body in motion
 is under unequal pressure on opposite  
sides1 greater  on the rear than front4 
,the air in front resists1 that in the  
rear  may be said to recede from the    
body2 therefore neither impels the      
projectile4 ,under such circumstances   
there remains but the alternative1  that
 of the electric constitution of the    
body being changed by the  previous     
impulse1 by which medium of space       
accumulates on one side1  or decreases  
on the opposite4 ,the phenomenon admits 
of being thus  illustrated3    ,the     
first1 previous or sensible impulse1    

effects de-electrisation of  the body on
 the rear or side of impulse2 influent  
medium of space  immediately occupies   
the vacated rear1 and by its pressure   
impels the  body through the air4 ,the  
velocity of the previous impulse1 gives 
momentum to the body greater than the   
included freely-removable  elementary   
matter can obtain2 of consequence the   
latter is left behind  in the air1 and  
the pressure of the acquired medium of  
space in the  rear1 is the continuous   
impelling cause4 ,thus is the mistake of
 ,dugald  ,stuart made evident1 that    
motion is the immediate and only effect 
of  impulse4    ,it is not the air's    
resistance which makes the motion of a  
projectile  decline and end4 ,taking    
impulse as ten1 resistance four1 there  
remains  six degrees of unresisted      
impulse1 which should impel the body for
  ever through the atmosphere4 ,the     
decline and cessation of impulse is     
that which brings the projectile to     
rest4    ,from the instant the body has 

ceased to be in contact with the        
sensible  impelling cause1 electric     
matter is re-entering the rear1 which   
displaces gradually the impelling       
medium2 and as are the increments of    
the former1 so are the decrements of the
 latter1 and so is the decline  of      
motion4      ,ascending and ,descending 
,motion4--,the rear of the              
vertically-impelled  body becomes       
vacated of minus-pressure matter1 and   
replaced with medium  of space2 by the  
latter1 and general pressure1 the body  
is forced  upwards as a cork by water4  
,while ascending1 the rear is acquiring 
electric matter and losing the impelling
 medium1--the velocity of  course       
declines2 and when at the highest1 the  
body is at rest in the  air for an      
instant1 then is precipitated to the    
ground4 ,during the  entire of the      
descent1 electric matter is vacating the
 rear and medium  of space entering1    
consequently the fall is accelerated4   
,now as the  body cannot fall of itself2

 as descending motion is of increasing  
velocity1 while motion in every other   
direction is retarded2 and1  because all
 descent has the same centripetal       
direction1 so should  there be some     
distinct cause to produce these         
conspicuous effects1  which1 to trace1  
suggest the following hypothesis3       
,centripetal ,flow4--,the different     
motions of the globe affect all  bodies 
on its surface1 so as to appear to the  
inhabitants as if the  whole were at    
rest2 supposing thence1 that the centre 
of the earth  is the centre of motion1  
the following may be considered probable
  consequences3--,the general pressure  
being less at the centre and axis  than 
on the surface of the earth1 obliges the
 medium of space to  flow through the   
atmosphere and entire surface1          
centripetally1 to  the centre1 thence   
along the axis1 carrying with it        
electric matter1  and has exit at the   
poles1 which polarizes the globe and    
produces  the boreales4 ,the centripetal

 flow retains the atmosphere to the     
earth2 precipitates bodies from the air 
in a centripetal direction2  accelerates
 the descent2 and retards all motion not
 in its own  direction3 it prevents     
vertical ascent being equal to impulse1 
the  difference being employed in       
bearing against the flow4 ,the flow     
makes  bodies ponderate or have weight1 
causes the dip and direction of the     
compass-needle4          ,,formation    
,,of ,a ,,planet4      ,that cannot be  
considered a chaotic state from which   
the eternal order  sprung2 nor that a   
created body1 the substance of which    
previously  existed1 which was and is   
common to all bodies4 ,hence it may be  
concluded that a planet is a natural    
production1 equally as the              
instantly-formed ponderous atmospheric  
arolite1 supposed to have come  from the
 moon4    ,from the elementary to the   
ariform1 thence the aqueous state1 seems
  the simplest and primeval order of    
atomic combination4 ,hence it is        

conceivable1 that1 were an immense      
volume of the general elements          
collected together in the regions of    
space1 and subjected to extreme         
pressure1 the result would be an aqueous
 sphere1 with an attached  residue of   
the same elements to serve as a primeval
 atmosphere to  receive increase from   
future mists and exhalations4 ,while    
aqueous  and with one side only of the  
sphere facing the sun1 the elements of  
the water cannot avoid being in a state 
of constant disturbance and  transfer1  
productive of combinations1 formations1 
and precipitations  until the           
equilibrium has obtained1 leaving       
ultimately the solid masses  so formed1 
as they would now appear were the ocean 
away3 the original  water1 from having  
contributed the elements of the         
newly-formed solids1  being reduced in  
quantity and changed in quality1 is left
 as the ocean  is at present1 saline4   
,during the intermediate plastic state1 
and as  induration increased1 the       

endowed fertility may have produced     
kinds1  many of which have become       
extinct4    ,it may be further assumed1 
that deep within the planet the elements
  abound in neither kind nor quantity as
 at the surface and in the  atmosphere2 
and if the imponderable oxygen element  
be absent1 an  immense mass of ice would
 form the nucleus of the earth1 the     
occasional  melting at the surface of   
which1 in the neighbourhood of          
sulphurous and  ferruginous masses1 may 
cause those volcanic eruptions from     
which no  region of the earth is free4  
,thus it would seem that a planet may be
  the natural formation of an instant1  
requiring time for completion1 and  may 
be an everyday circumstance in space4   
,the strict inquirer into terrestrial   
magnetism has to ascertain1  whether the
 non-conducting central ice be not the  
means1 some how1  of separating the     
correlative fluids which the centripetal
 flow  carries with it along the axis   
through the ,poles1 and which make the  

,poles magnetic opposites2 or1 whether1 
of these fluids1 one only is            
transmissible through ice4    ,a planet 
may be subject to wear and the fertility
 to decrease1 thence  to be             
uninhabitable1 as ,herschel describes   
the very probable condition  of the     
moon1 owing to the rapid motion through 
space1 solar effects  and cultivation4  
,the idea is neither gloomy nor a       
threatened dread4  ,man was born to     
leave this world1 and live where ,,god  
has pleased4 ,some  anticipate the      
night1 when we shall see our ,god in    
terror1 and our  world on fire6--undoing
 all1 as all had never been1 or made in 
vain4  ,but ,he who blessed and never   
cursed his works1 whose mercy and       
goodness  endureth for ever1 and who    
will save both man and beast1 is not a  
,god  of terror6    ,why the planets are
 moved round the sun1 all in the same   
direction1  excites speculation in the  
absence of demonstration4 ,let it be    
supposed  that the inequalities in a    

newly-formed planet prevent the body    
being  at rest under the general        
pressure2 in which case the planet is   
put  into its primeval motion1 and in   
the direction of the strongest          
impulsive pressure4 ,but as the like    
inequalities precisely1 cannot  present 
in every new planet1 neither could the  
motion of all be in  the same direction1
 which gives room for conceiving the    
probability  that the portion of the    
medium1 however extensive1 in which the 
solar system is involved1 revolves round
 the sun1 or round the orbit  of the    
sun1 and that its motion is promoted by 
the sun in the solar  orbit1--which     
orbit may probably be promoted by the   
rarity of the  elements in the solar    
regions4 ,the medium of space so        
revolving1  determines the direction of 
all the planets1 which by the hypothesis
  must be the same as that of the       
revolving medium4    ,by some such means
 only is it conceivable how solar matter
 can arrive  at ,neptune1 the ,earth1 or

 even ,mercury1--the inert sun being    
incapable of radiating anything from    
itself1 and solar atoms requiring  a    
physical impelling cause1 in motion1 and
 acting on the rear of each  from the   
sun to the extreme of planetary space4  
,a circulating medium of                
constantly-increasing radius1 appears   
indispensably necessary for the  purpose
 of conveying solar matter through the  
regions of space1 and for  the          
maintaining all planetary motion in the 
same uniform direction4 ,the  subject is
 open to all1 and worthy of notice3 what
 is now advanced will  be passed over1  
from having no mathematical appendage1  
but which1 makes  even false causes pass
 for the demonstrated truth4 ,the       
mathematical  science has not to this   
day demonstrated the cause of planetary 
motion1--a subject wholly indifferent to
 modern astronomy1 in which the  false1 
self-gravitation1 in connection with    
inertia1 satisfies all as  long as the  
astronomer remains self-satisfied4      

,formation and ,use of a ,comet4--,a    
,comet may have been a planet by        
formation1 and impelled1 before         
completion1 immeasurably far beyond  the
 sun4 ,the tail is probably the         
primitive atmosphere1 left behind and   
pressed after the body as towards a     
sheltering wall2 the coma may be        
electric matter collected on the front1 
and subject to increase1 which1  by     
lessening pressure on the side facing   
the direction of motion1  and without   
increased pressure on the opposite side1
 may cause the  velocity of the planet  
to be subject to acceleration1 or       
prevent the  motion being equitable3 the
 reticulated tail may serve to collect  
all  redundant solar matter in space1   
after planetary use1 for deposit in  the
 solar regions1 or the sun as the heart 
of the system1 for future  circulation4 
,were the tail to approach the earth    
sufficiently near1  the waters of the   
sea would be pressed upwards as towards 
an immense  water-spout2 in which case  

the rivers must become drained2 and as  
the  ,comet recedes from the earth1 the 
fall of the immense column would        
produce another general deluge over one 
hemisphere1 at least1 of the  globe6    
,the deposits from a comet's tail may   
occasion those nebulocities  named solar
 spots4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,,the ,,end4           99
       99       99       99       99    
,tyler and ,reed1 ,printers1            
,bolt-court1 ,london4                   
,,transcriber',s ,,note4      ,archaic1 
dialectical and unusual spellings and   
usage have been  maintained4 ,obvious   
typos have been fixed as detailed below4
    ,table of ,contents entries with no 
corresponding centered title in the     
original book have been indented and the
 titles have been inserted  inline4     
,page vii3    ,,dedication      iii     
,,advertisement      v    ,,table ,,of  
,,contents      vii    ,,mesmerism ,,and
 ,,established ,,philosophy      #a     
,in the original book3    ,,philosophy1 

,,the ,,established      #i      ,page  
vii3 ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,oxygen ,,in     
,,promoting ,,combustion      #db    ,in
 the original book3 ----1 ,,its ,,use   
,,in ,,combustion     #db      ,page    
vii3 ,,use ,,of ,,the ,,inspired        
,,oxygen ,,within ,,the ,,system        
#ef    ,in the original book3 ,,use ,,of
 ,,oxygen ,,in ,,respiration      #ef   
,page vii3    ,,natural ,,sleep     #fe 
,,comatose ,,flow      #ff    ,,mesmeric
 ,,sleep      #fh    ,in the original   
book3    ,,sleep1 ,,natural     #fe     
----1 ,,mesmeric      #fh    ,,comatose 
,,flow      #ff      ,page viii3        
,,transparency      #gg    ,,opacity    
#gg    ,in the original book3           
,,transparency ,,and ,,opacity      #gg 
,page viii3    ,,mesmerism1 ,,curative  
#hg    ,,ethers      #hg    ,in the     
original book3    ,,ethers      #hg     
,,mesmerism1 ,,curative      #hg        
,page viii3            ,,transcriber',s 
,,note    ,in the original book3        
7inserted7      ,page #aj3              

an excruciating1 painless toothache1    
and1    ,in the original book3 an       
excruciating1 painless toothach1 and1   
,page #bd3              velocity and    
direction makes no exception4    ,in the
 original book3 velocity and direction  
makes no exeption4      ,page #da3      
constituent of every ariform body    ,in
 the original book3 constituent of every
 acriform body      ,page #db3          
,in this twofold manner of service      
,in the original book3 ,in this two-fold
 manner of service      ,page #dc3      
suffers de-electrisation and acquires   
medium    ,in the original book3 suffers
 de-electrisation and acquiries medium  
,page #ee3              within the      
stomach1 or in the tea-cup    ,in the   
original book3 within the stomach1 or in
 the teacup      ,page #ef3             
the accumulation of minus-pressure      
matter in    ,in the original book3 the 
accumulation of minus pressure-matter in
      ,page #ef3              which is  
compensated by minus-pressure matter    

,in the original book3 which is         
compensated by minus pressure-matter    
,page #eh3              the             
arterialising1 minus-pressure1          
imponderable    ,in the original book3  
the arterialising1 minus pressure1      
imponderable      ,page #eh3            
losing the arterialising minus-pressure 
matter    ,in the original book3 losing 
the arterialising minus pressure matter 
,page #ei3              the venous flow 
on the minus-pressure capillary    ,in  
the original book3 the venous flow on   
the minus pressure capillary      ,page 
#ei3              ,use of the           
,spleen4--,the ,,spleen1 from being an  
,in the original book3 ,the ,,spleen1   
from being an      ,page #fj3           
,how the ,diaphragm ,is ,raised4--,the  
diaphragm    ,in the original book3 ,the
 diaphragm      ,page #ff3              
,comatose ,flow4--,it must have been    
observed by    ,in the original book3   
,it must have been observed by          
,page #gb3              above the       

horizon1 the general optic    ,in the   
original book3 above the horiozn1 the   
general optic      ,page #hg3           
,curative ,mesmerism4--,the curative    
principle of    ,in the original book3  
,the curative principle of      ,page   
#hg3              ,ethers4--,from       
inhaled ethers1 producing    ,in the    
original book3 ,from inhaled ethers1    
producing      ,page #hh3 ,pharmacopoeia
    ,in the original book the oe        
ligature was used4      ,page #ib3      
,the ,nature and ,power of ,will4--,the 
power of    ,in the original book3 ,the 
power of      ,page #ajc3               
,formation and ,use of a ,comet4--,a    
,comet may    ,in the original book3 ,a 
,comet may