,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,p]fum]y3 ,,compris+ ,,directions ,,= ,,mak+ ,,all ,,k9ds ,,( ,,p]fumes1 ,,sa*et ,,p[d]s1 ,,fumigat+ ,,mat]ials1 ,,d5tifrices1 ,,cosmetics1 ,,etc41 ,,etc41 ,,) ,a ,,full ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,volatile ,,oils1 ,,balsams1 ,,res9s1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,natural ,,& ,,artificial ,,p]fume-,,sub/ances1 ,,includ+ ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,fruit ,,e!rs1 ,,& ,,te/s ,,( ,,_! ,,purity4 ,,by ,,dr4 ,c4 ,,deite1 ,,assi/$ ,,by ,l4 ,,bor*]t1 ,f4 ,,ei*baum1 ,e4 ,,kugl]1 ,h4 ,,toeffn]1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,exp]ts4 ,,f ,,! ,,g]man ,,by ,,william ,t4 ,,brannt1 ,,editor ,,( ,,! ,,te*no-,,*emical ,,receipt-,,book4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,tw5ty-,,eight ,,engrav+s4 ,,philadelphia3 ,,h5ry ,,c>ey ,,baird ,,co41 ,,indu/rial ,,publi%]s1 ,,booksell]s ,,& ,,import]s1 #haj ,,walnut ,,/reet4 #ahib4 ,,copyright ,,by ,,h5ry ,,c>ey ,,baird ,,co4 #ahib4 ,,pr9t$ ,,at ,,! ,,coll9s ,,pr9t+ ,,h\se1 #gje ,jayne ,/reet1 ,,philadelphia1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,preface4 ,a translation ( ! portion ( ! ,h&bu* d] ,p>fm]ie-und ,toiletteseif5fabrikation1 edit$ by ,dr4 ,c4 ,,deite1 relat+ to p]fum]y & cosmetics1 is pres5t$ to ! ,engli% read+ public ) ! full confid5ce t x w n only fill a useful place 9 te*nical lit]ature1 b w also prove--= :at x is *iefly int5d$--a ready book ( ref]5ce & a practical help & guide = ! p]fum]'s laboratory4 ,! names ( ! editor & 8 co-work]s are a suffici5t gu>anty ( its value & practical usefulness1 !y all be+ exp]i5c$ m51 well s*ool$ ea* 9 ! p>ticul> bran* ( ! indu/ry1 ! treatm5t ( :i* has be5 assign$ to him4 ,! mo/ suitable & approv$ =mul1 te/$ by exp]i5ce1 h be5 giv52 & special att5tion has be5 paid to ! description ( ! raw mat]ials1 z well z to ! v>i\s me?ods ( te/+ !m1 ! latt] be+ ( special importance1 s9ce 9 no o!r indu/ry has ! manufactur] to cont5d ) su* gross & univ]sal adult]ation ( raw mat]ials4 ,x is hop$ t ! additions made "h & !re by ! translator1 z well z ! portion relat+ to ! manufacture ( ,fruit ,e!rs1 add$ by him1 may contribute to ! int]e/ & usefulness ( ! treatise4 ,f9ally1 x rema9s only to be /at$ t1 ) _! usual lib]ality1 ! publi%]s h sp>$ no exp5se 9 ! prop] illu/ration & ! me*anical production ( ! book2 &1 z is _! univ]sal practice1 h caus$ x to be provid$ ) a copi\s table ( cont5ts & a v full index1 :i* w add additional value by r5d]+ any subject 9 x easy & prompt ( ref]5ce4 ,w4 ,t4 ,b4 ,,philadelphia1 ,may #b1 #ahib4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,hi/orical ,,notice ,,( ,,p]fum]y4 ,,page ,consumption ( p]fume-sub/ances by ! e>ly nations ( ! ,ori5t #ag ,p]fume-sub/ances z an (f]+ to ! gods & _! use = embalm+ ! dead2 ,arts ( ! toilet 9 anci5t times #ah ,p]fume-sub/ances us$ by ! ,hebrews2 ,olibanum & ! mode ( ga9+ x 9 anci5t times1 z describ$ by ,h]odotus #ai ,pl9y's acc\nt ( olibanum #bj ,practice ( ano9t+ ! entire body cu/om>y among ! anci5ts2 ,! holy oil prescrib$ by ,moses2 ,orig9 ( ! sweet-sc5t$ o9tm5t myron #ba ,luxuri\s use ( o9tm5ts 9 ,a!ns1 & ! special o9tm5ts us$ = ea* "p ( ! body2 ,introduction ( o9tm5ts 9 ,rome1 & edict prohibit+ ! sale ( =eign o9tm5ts2 ,plut>* on ! extravagant use ( o9tm5ts 9 ,rome #bb ,anci5t books conta9+ directions = prep>+ o9tm5ts2 ,directions = rose o9tm5t1 accord+ to ,dioscorides #bc ,anci5t process ( di/ill+ volatile oils2 ,dioscorides's directions = mak+ animal fats suitable = ! reception ( p]fumes2 ,consumption ( p]fume-sub/ances by ! anci5t ,romans2 ,condition ( ! anci5t o9tm5t-mak]s #bd ,use ( r$ & :ite pa9ts1 hair-dyes1 & depilatories by ! ,romans #be ,peculi> sub/ance = cleans+ ! tee? us$ by ! ,roman ladies2 ,p]fum]ies & cosmetics 9 ! ,middle ,ages2 ,receipts = cosmetics 9 ! writ+s ( ,arabian physicians1 & ( ,guy de ,*anlios #bf ,giovanni ,m>9ello's "w on ,cosmetics = ,ladies2 ,introduction ( ! arts ( ! toilet into ,france1 by ,ca!r9e de ,m$ici & ,m>g>et ( ,valois #bg ,extravagant use ( cosmetics 9 ,france f ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev5te5? to ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury #bh ,importance ( ! p]fum]'s craft 9 ,france2 ,*ief seats ( ! ,fr5* p]fum]y indu/ry #bi ,privileges ( ! p>fumeurs-ganti]s 9 ,france2 ,use ( p]fumes 9 ,engl&2 ,act ( ,p>liam5t prohibit+ ! use ( p]fum]ies1 false hair1 etc41 = deceiv+ a man & inveigl+ him into matrimony #cj ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,p]fume-,,mat]ials ,,= ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,p]fum]y4 ,d]ivation ( ! p]fume-sub/ances2 ,animal sub/ances us$2 ,occurr5ce ( volatile oils 9 plants #ca ,families ( plants ri*e/ 9 oil2 ,c5tral ,europe ! actual fl[] g>d5 ( ! p]fum]2 ,pr9cipal localities = ! cultivation ( plants #cb ,volatile oils & _! prop]ties #cc ,pr9cipal divisions ( volatile oils #cd ,con/itution ( t]p5es2 ,conc5trat$ volatile oils #ce ,modes ( ga9+ volatile oils2 ,expression #cf ,cl>ification ( ! oil #cg ,filt] = cl>ify+ ! oil1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #ch ,di/illation #ci ,app>atus = det]m9+ ! p]c5tage ( volatile oil a vegetable sub/ance w yield1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #dj ,v>i\s /ills = ! di/illation ( volatile oils1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #da ,di/illation ( volatile oils by means ( hot air2 ,sep>ation ( ! oil & wat]2 ,flor5t9e flasks1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #df ,sep>ator-funnel1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #dg ,extraction #dh ,v>i\s app>atuses = extraction1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #di ,heyl's di/ill+ app>atus #eg ,mac]ation or infusion2 ,pomades2 ,purification ( ! fats us$ 9 ! mac]ation process #eh ,huiles antiques2 ,old ,fr5* process ( mac]ation2 ,piv]'s mac]ation app>atus1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #ei ,fl[]s = :i* mac]ation is employ$2 ,absorption or enfleurage #fj ,app>atuses = absorption1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #fa ,fl[]s = :i* ! absorption process is employ$2 ,/orage ( volatile oils #fe ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,te/+ ,,volatile ,,oils4 ,ext5sive adult]ation ( volatile oils2 ,te/+ volatile oils z to odor & ta/e #ff ,recognition ( an adult]ation ) fat oil #fg ,detection ( alcohol or _s ( w9e2 ,drag5dorff's te/ #fh ,hag]'s tann9 te/ #fi ,detection ( *lor(orm2 ,detection ( b5z9e #ga ,quantitative det]m9ation ( adult]ations ) alcohol1 *lor(orm1 & b5z9e #gb ,detection ( adult]ations ) t]p5es or t]p5e-l fluids #gc ,detection ( adult]ations ) volatile oils ( a l[] quality2 ,te/ ) iod9e #gd ,hoppe's nitroprusside ( copp] te/ #ge ,table %[+ ! behavior ( volatile oils free f oxyg5 t[>ds nitroprusside ( copp] #gf ,hag]'s alcohol & sulphuric acid te/2 ,hag]'s guaiacum reaction #gh ,division ( ! volatile oils ) ref]5ce to ! guaiacum reaction #gi ,hbl's iod9e me?od #hj ,a4 ,kremel's te/ by titration or saponification ) alcoholic pota% lye #ha ,utilization ( ,maum5's te/ by ,f4 ,r4 ,williams #hb ,plan*on's propos$ proc$ure = ! recognition ( a volatile oil #hc ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,volatile ,,oils ,,us$ ,,9 ,,p]fum]y4 ,acacia oil or oil ( cassie2 ,almond oil 7bitt]7 #hg ,adult]ations ( oil ( bitt] almonds & _! detection #ij ,angelica oil #ib ,anise-se$ oil #ic ,/> anise oil #id ,balm oil2 ,basil oil2 ,bayb]ry oil1 or oil ( bay leaves #if ,b]gamot oil2 ,te/+ b]gamot oil z to its purity #ig ,cajeput oil #ih ,camomile or *amomile oil2 ,blue camomile oil2 ,gre5 camomile oil #ii ,c>away oil2 ,recognition ( ! purity ( c>away oil #ajj ,c$> oil2 ,*]ry-laurel oil #aja ,detection ( oil ( mirbane 9 *]ry-laurel oil2 ,c9namon oils2 ,ceylon c9namon oil #ajb ,cassia oil #ajc ,c9namon-root oil & oil ( c9namon leaves2 ,quantitative det]m9ation ( c9namaldehyde 9 cassia oil #ajd ,detection ( adult]ations 9 cassia oil2 ,citron oil #ajf ,detection ( adult]ations 9 citron oil2 ,citronella oil2 ,detection ( adult]ations 9 citronella oil #ajg ,oil ( cloves #ajh ,te/ = ! value ( oil ( cloves #aji ,eucalyptus oil #aaj ,f5nel oil #aaa ,g]anium oil1 palm>osa oil1 ,turki% g]anium oil2 ,ea/ ,indian g]anium oil2 ,fr5* & ,african g]anium oils #aab ,adult]ations ( g]anium oils2 ,jasm9e oil1 or oil ( jessam9e #aac ,junip] oil #aad ,lav5d] oil2 ,spike oil #aae ,detection ( adult]ations ( lav5d] oil2 ,lemon oil2 ,sponge process ( obta9+ lemon oil #aaf cuelle process #aag ,di/illation2 ,app>atus comb9+ ! cuelle & di/ill+ processes1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #aah ,adult]ations ( oil ( lemons & _! detection3 ,lilac oil2 ,oil ( limes #aba ,lic>i oil1 l9alo oil2 ,m>joram oils2 ,spani% m>joram oil #abb ,mignonette oil2 ,myrrh oil #abc ,nutmeg oils2 ,mace oil2 ,adult]ations ( mace oil & _! detection #abd ,opopanax oil2 ,orange-peel oil1 ,portugal oil or ess5ce ( ,portugal2 ,m&>9 oil #abe ,orange-fl[] oil or n]oli oil2 ,n]oli ,portugal oil2 ,cultivation ( ! orange on ! ,fr5* ,rivi]a & yield ( orange blossoms2 ,*>act]i/ics ( oil ( orange fl[]s #abf ,adult]ations ( n]oli oil & _! detection #abg ,petit-gra9 oil2 ,oil ( orris root #abi ,pat*\li oil #acj ,v>ieties & *>act]i/ics ( pat*\li oil #aca ,pepp]m9t oil2 ,oil ( curl$ m9t2 ,pepp]m9t oil & its v>ieties #acb ,am]ican oils ( pepp]m9t ( high reputation2 ,mode ( di/+ui%+ ,am]ican1 ,g]man1 & ,engli% oils ( pepp]m9t #acc ,adult]ants ( pepp]m9t oil & _! detection #acd ,poley oil #ace ,pim5to oil or oil ( allspice2 ,rose oil or att> ( roses2 ,pr9cipal localities ( its production2 ,s*immel ,co4's1 ( ,leipzic1 ,g]many1 exp]im5t to obta9 oil f indig5\s roses #acf ,! rose-oil indu/ry 9 ,bulg>ia2 ,me?ods ( ga!r+ & di/ill+ ! roses #acg ,*>act]i/ics ( pure rose oil #ach ,mann] ( judg+ ! g5u95ess ( rose oil2 ,process = ! insulation & det]m9ation ( /e>opt5e 9 rose oil #aci ,adult]ation ( rose oil ) g+]-grass oil #adj ,te/ = ! adult]ation ( rose oil ) g+]-grass oil employ$ 9 ,bulg>ia #ada ,adult]ants ( rose oil #adb ,te/s = rose oil2 ,approximate quantitative det]m9ation ( sp]maceti 9 rose oil #adc ,rosem>y oil2 ,detection ( adult]ations 9 rosem>y oil #add ,rosewood oil or rhodium oil2 ,s&al-wood oil2 ,sassafras oil2 ,*>act]i/ics ( sassafras oil #ade ,?yme oil #adg ,oil ( turp5t9e2 ,au/rian oil ( turp5t9e2 ,g]man oil ( turp5t9e2 ,fr5* oil ( turp5t9e2 ,v5etian oil ( turp5t9e #adh ,am]ican oil ( turp5t9e2 ,p9e oil2 ,dw>f p9e oil2 ,krummholz or ,lats*5oel2 ,p9e-leaf oil2 ,templ9 oil 7,ki5oel72 ,balsam-p9e oil #adi ,oil ( v]b5a2 ,oil ( violet2 ,vitiv]t or vetiv] oil #aej ,w9t]gre5 oil #aea ,bir* oil2 ,artificial prep>ation ( me?yl salicylate #aeb ,adult]ation ( w9t]gre5 oil & its detection2 ,ylang-ylang oil #aec ,cananga oil #aed ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,res9s ,,& ,,balsams4 ,elem5t>y con/itu5ts ( res9s2 ,division ( res9s2 ,h>d res9s2 ,s(t res9s or balsams2 ,gum-res9s #aee ,diffusion ( res9s 9 ! vegetable k+dom2 ,b5zo9 #aef ,v>ieties ( b5zo9 & _! *>act]i/ics #aeg ,p]u balsam & mode ( obta9+ x #aei ,:ite ,p]u balsam #afj ,*>act]i/ics ( ,p]u balsam #afa ,adult]ants ( ,p]u balsam & _! detection #afb ,tolu balsam & its *>act]i/ics #aff ,a new v>iety ( ,tolu balsam #afg ,/orax2 ,liquid /orax & its *>act]i/ics #afh ,adult]ation ( liquid /orax & its detection #agj ,/orax 9 gra9s2 ,ord9>y /orax #aga ,am]ican /orax1 :ite ,p]u balsam1 :ite ,indian balsam1 or liquid-amb>2 ,myrrh #agb ,myrrha electa & its *>act]i/ics #agc ,con/itution ( myrrh #agd ,adult]ation ( myrrh & its detection #age ,opopanax2 ,olibanum or frank9c5se #agf ,comm]cial v>ieties ( olibanum2 ,s&>ac & its *>act]i/ics #agg ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,p]fume-,,sub/ances ,,f ,,! ,,animal ,,k+dom4 ,musk & its v>ieties2 ,musk sacs1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #agh ,*>act]i/ics ( ,tonk9 musk #ahj ,musk ( ! ,am]ican musk-rat z a sub/itute = g5u9e musk #aha ,o!r possible sub/itutes = ! musk-de]2 ,artificial musk #ahb ,adult]ations ( musk & _! detection #ahc ,civet #ahd ,ca/or & its v>ieties #ahe ,adult]ations ( ca/or2 ,amb]gris #ahf ,con/itu5ts ( amb]gris #ahg ,adult]ations ( amb]gris #ahh ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,artificial ,,p]fume-,,mat]ials4 ,conv]sion ( oil ( turp5t9e into oil ( lemons by ,b\*>dat & ,lafont #ahi ,cum>91 its occurr5ce & prop]ties #aij ,v>ieties ( tonka beans f\nd 9 comm]ce #aia ,prep>ation ( cum>9 f tonka beans2 ,artificial prep>ation ( cum>9 f salicylic acid #aib ,syn!tical prep>ation ( cum>92 ,heliotrop9 or pip]onal & its *>act]i/ics #aic ,prep>ation ( heliotrop9 #aid ,vanill92 ,*>act]i/ics ( ! vanilla #aie ,artificial prep>ation ( vanill9 #aif ,*>act]i/ics ( vanill9 #aig ,adult]ation ( vanill91 & its detection2 ,nitrob5zol #aih ,*>act]i/ics ( nitrob5zol or oil ( mirbane2 adult]ation ( nitrob5zol & its detection #aii ,fruit e!rs & _! *>act]i/ics #bjj ,acetic amyl e!r or amyl acetate1 its prep>ation & use2 ,acetic e!r or e?yl acetate & its prep>ation #bja ,b5zoic e!r or e?yl b5zoate & its prep>ation #bjd ,butyric e?yl e!r or e?yl butyrate2 ,prep>ation ( butyric acid #bje ,prep>ation ( butyric e!r #bjg ,/4 ,john's bread or c>ob z mat]ial = ! prep>ation ( butyric e!r #bji ,=mic e?yl e!r1 or e?yl =mate & its prep>ation #baj ,nitr\s e!r or e?yl nitrate & its prep>ation accord+ to ,kopp's me?od #baa ,prep>ation & use ( nitr\s e!r 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica #bab ,val]ianic amyl e!r or amyl val]ate & its prep>ation #bad ,val]ianic e?yl e!r2 ,apple e!r2 ,apricot e!r2 ,*]ry e!r2 ,pe> e!r2 ,p9eapple e!r2 ,/rawb]ry e!r2 ,prep>ation ( fruit ess5ces2 ,apple ess5ce2 ,apricot ess5ce #baf ,*]ry ess5ce2 ,currant ess5ce2 ,grape ess5ce2 ,lemon ess5ce2 ,melon ess5ce2 ,orange ess5ce2 ,pea* ess5ce2 ,pe> ess5ce2 ,p9eapple ess5ce2 ,plum ess5ce #bag ,raspb]ry ess5ce2 ,/rawb]ry ess5ce #bah ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,alcoholic ,,p]fumes4 ,division ( alcoholic p]fumes2 ,:at con/itutes ! art ( ! p]fum]2 ,qualities ( fl[]-pomades & _! designation #bai ,/orage ( fl[]-pomades2 ,extraction ( fl[]-pomades #bbj ,app>atus = mak+ alcoholic extracts f fl[]-pomades1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #bba ,bey] frres improv$ app>atus1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #bbc ,t9ctures & extracts & _! prep>ation #bbe ,bey] frres app>atus = ! prep>ation ( t9ctures1 illu/rat$ & describ$ #bbf ,musk t9cture2 ,civet t9cture #bbh ,amb]gris t9cture2 ,ca/or t9cture2 ,b5zo9 t9cture2 ,p]u balsam t9cture2 ,tolu balsam t9cture #bbi ,olibanum t9cture2 ,opopanax t9cture2 ,/orax t9cture2 ,myrrh t9cture2 ,musk-se$ or abelmosk t9cture #bcj ,angelica root t9cture2 ,orris-root t9cture2 ,musk-root or sumbul-root t9cture2 ,tonka-bean t9cture #bca ,cum>9 t9cture2 ,heliotrop9 t9cture2 ,vanilla t9cture2 ,vanill9 t9cture #bcb ,vitiv]t t9cture2 ,junip]-b]ry t9cture2 ,pat*\li extract #bcc ,t9ctures f volatile oils2 ,almond-oil 7bitt]7 t9cture2 ,balm-oil t9cture2 ,b]gamot-oil t9cture2 ,canango-oil t9cture #bcd ,cassia-oil t9cture2 ,c$>-oil t9cture2 ,c9namon-oil t9cture2 ,citronella-oil t9cture2 ,clove-oil t9cture2 ,eucalyptus-oil t9cture2 ,g]anium-oil t9cture2 ,lav5d]-oil t9cture2 ,lemon-grass-oil t9cture2 ,lemon-oil t9cture2 ,lic>i-oil t9cture2 ,myrrh-oil t9cture2 ,n]oli-oil t9cture2 ,opopanax-oil t9cture2 ,orris-root-oil t9cture2 ,pat*\li-oil t9cture #bce ,petit-gra9-oil t9cture2 ,p9e-leaf-oil t9cture2 ,portugal-oil t9cture2 ,s&al-wood-oil t9cture2 ,v]b5a-oil t9cture2 ,vitiv]t-oil t9cture2 ,w9t]gre5-oil t9cture2 ,ylang-ylang-oil t9cture2 ,rose-oil t9cture #bcf ,extraits aux fleurs2 ,extrait acacia2 ,extrait cassie2 ,extrait hliotrope2 ,extrait jac9! #bcg ,extrait jasm92 ,ess5ce ( ! odor ( l9d5 blossoms2 ,extrait jonquille2 ,extrait magnolia2 ,extrait muguet 7lily ( ! valley72 ,extrait fleurs de ,mai 7,may fl[]s7 #bch ,extrait ixora2 ,extrait orange2 ,extrait :ite rose2 ,extrait rose v4 d4 c5tifolie2 ,extrait violette2 ,color+ sub/ance = extraits2 ,extrait de violette de ,p>me #bci ,extrait tub]euse2 ,extrait rsda2 ,extrait ylang-ylang2 ,comp\nd odors 7b\quets72 ,extrait ,edelweiss2 ,extrait ess-b\quet #bdj ,extrait spr+ fl[]2 ,extrait b\quet ,eug5ie2 ,extrait excelsior2 ,extrait ,frangipani2 ,extrait jockey club #bda ,extrait opopanax2 ,extrait pat*\li2 ,extrait millefleurs2 ,extrait b\quet ,victoria #bdb ,extrait kiss-me-quick2 ,extrait mogadore2 ,extrait b\quet ,pr9ce ,alb]t2 ,extrait muse2 ,extrait new-m[n hay2 ,extrait *ypre #bdc ,extrait m>*al2 ,extrait m\ssel9e2 ,extraits triple conc5trs & _! prep>ations #bdd ,conc5trat$ fl[]-extract = ! prep>ation ( extraits d',odeurs2 ,extraits d',odeurs1 quality ,,ii #bde ,extrait violette ,,ii2 ,extrait rose ,,ii2 ,extrait rsda ,,ii2 ,extrait ylang-ylang ,,ii #bdf ,extrait new-m[n hay ,,ii2 ,extrait *ypre ,,ii2 ,extrait ess-b\quet ,,ii #bdg ,extrait muguet ,,ii2 ,extrait b\quet ,victoria ,,ii2 ,extrait spr+ fl[] ,,ii2 ,extrait ixora ,,ii #bdh ,extrait ,frangipani ,,ii2 ,cologne wat] 7eau de ,cologne7 & its prep>ation #bdi ,durability ( ! volatile oils us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ,cologne wat] #bej ,cologne wat]1 quality ,i #beb ,cologne wat]1 quality ,,ii2 ,cologne wat]1 quality ,,iii2 ,cologne wat]1 quality ,,iv2 ,cologne wat]1 quality ,v #bec ,maiglck*5 eau de ,cologne2 ,v>i\s o!r receipts = ,cologne wat] #bed ,eau de ,lav&e2 ,eau de vie de ,lav&e d\ble ambre2 ,eau de ,lav&e d\ble2 ,aqua mellis2 ,eau de ,lisbonne #bee ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,dry ,,p]fumes4 ,use ( dry p]fumes 9 anci5t times2 ,sa*et p[d]s & _! prep>ation #bef ,sa*et la rose2 ,sa*et la violette2 ,heliotrope sa*et p[d]2 ,ylang-ylang sa*et p[d]2 ,jockey club sa*et #beg ,sa*et aux millefleurs2 ,lily ( ! valley sa*et p[d]2 ,pat*\li sa*et p[d]2 ,frangipani sa*et p[d]2 ,victoria sa*et p[d]2 ,rsda sa*et p[d] #beh ,musk sa*et p[d]2 ,ess-b\quet sa*et p[d]2 ,new-m[n hay sa*et p[d]2 ,orange sa*et p[d]2 ,solid p]fumes ) p>aff9e2 ,:ite rose #bei ,ess-b\quet2 ,lav5d] odor2 ,eau de ,cologne2 ,smell+ salts2 ,pre/on salt & m5?ol pung5t z prep>$ by ,william ,w4 ,b>tlett2 ,:ite smell+ salt #bfj ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,fumigat+ ,,ess5ces1 ,,pa/illes1 ,,p[d]s1 ,,etc4 ,con/itution ( fumigat+ ag5ts2 ,object ( fumigat+2 ,prejudice aga9/ fumigat+2 ,mode ( fumigat+ #bfb ,atomiz]s2 ,objections to dry fumigat+ ag5ts #bfc ,fumigat+ ess5ces & v9eg>s2 ,rose-fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce2 ,fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce--hliotrope #bfd ,violet-fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce2 ,ori5tal fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce2 ,p9e odor 7= atomiz+72 ,junip] odor2 fumigat+ balsam #bfe ,fumigat+ wat]2 ,fumigat+ v9eg>2 ,fumigat+ p[d]s2 ,ord9>y fumigat+ p[d] #bff ,rose fumigat+ p[d]2 ,violet fumigat+ p[d]2 ,orange fumigat+ p[d]2 ,new-m[n hay fumigat+ p[d] #bfg ,fumigat+ pap]2 ,fumigat+ pa/illes #bfh ,ord9>y r$ fumigat+ pa/illes2 ,ord9>y black fumigat+ pa/illes2 ,musk fumigat+ pa/illes #bfi ,rose fumigat+ pa/illes2 ,violet fumigat+ pa/illes2 ,millefleurs fumigat+ pa/illes2 ,fumigat+ lacqu] #bgj ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,d5tifrices1 ,,m\?-,,wat]s1 ,,etc4 ,selection ( mat]ials = & comp\nd+ ( d5tifrices #bgb ,soap z a con/itu5t ( d5tifrices2 ,value ( ?ymol = d5tifrices2 ,object ( glyc]9 9 d5tifrices #bgc ,too? & m\? wat]s2 ,?ymol too?-wat]2 ,eau d5tifrice ,botot2 ,eau d5tifrice ,ori5tale #bgd ,violet m\?-wat]2 ,antiseptic g>gle2 ,odont9e2 ,sozodont2 ,eau de ,botot 7improv$7 #bge ,qu99e too?-wat]2 ,dr4 ,/ahl's too?-t9cture2 ,esprit de m5!2 ,arnica too?-t9cture2 ,myrrh too?-t9cture #bgf ,too?-pa/es & too?-p[d]s2 too?-pa/e or odont9e #bgg ,?ymol too?-pa/e2 ,*]ry too?-pa/e2 ,non-f]m5t+ *]ry too?-pa/e2 ,odont9e pa/e #bgh ,?ymol too?-p[d]2 ,p\dre d5tifrice2 ,violet too?-p[d] #bgi ,dr4 ,hufel&'s too?-p[d]2 ,:ite too?-p[d]2 ,black too?-p[d]2 ,p\dre de corail2 ,camphor too?-p[d]2 ,opiat liquide p\r les d5ts #bhj ,p\dre d',algr9e #bha ,dr4 ,hufel&'s too?-soap #bhb ,too?-soap2 ,saponace\s too?-wa% #bhc ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,hair ,,pomades1 ,,hair ,,oils1 ,,& ,,hair ,,tonics2 ,,hair ,,dyes ,,& ,,depilatories4 ,fats us$ = ! prep>ation ( pomades2 ,reputation ( "s fats z hair pomades #bhd ,pomades & _! prep>ation2 ,purification ( ! fat #bhe ,sub/ances us$ = color+ pomades2 ,f9e ,fr5* pomades 7fl[]-pomades72 ,mac]ation or extraction ( ! fl[]s #bhf ,receipts = "s fl[]-pomades2 ,pommade la rose2 ,pommade l'acacia2 ,pommade la fleur d'orange2 ,pommade l'hliotrope #bhg ,pomades accord+ to ! ,g]man me?od & _! prep>ation2 ,f\ndations = :ite pomades #bhh ,apple pomade2 ,be>'s grease pomade2 ,qu99e pomades #bhi ,qu99e pomades 7imitation72 ,b5zo9 pomade2 ,d5sdorf pomade2 ,ice pomades2 ,family pomades #bij ,/rawb]ry pomade2 ,f9e hair pomade2 ,pomade = promot+ ! gr[? ( ! hair2 ,heliotrope pomades #bia ,jasm9e pomade2 ,emp]or pomade2 ,macass> pomade2 ,portugal pomade2 ,h]b pomade2 ,lanol9 pomade #bib ,ori5tal pomade2 ,p>aff9 ice pomade2 ,n]oli pomade2 ,*eap pomade 7r$1 yell[1 :ite72 ,mignonette pomade2 ,ca/or oil pomades2 ,pr9cess pomade #bic ,f9e pomade2 ,beef-m>r[ pomade2 ,rog]s's pomade = produc+ a be>d2 ,rose pomade2 ,f9e rose pomade2 ,f9e/ rose pomade2 ,salicylic pomade2 ,victoria pomade2 ,tonka pomade #bid ,f9e vanilla pomade2 ,vanilla pomade2 ,violet pomade2 ,walnut pomade2 ,vasel9e pomades #bie ,f\ndations = vasel9e pomades2 ,b\quet vasel9e pomade2 ,family vasel9e pomade2 ,lily ( ! valley vasel9e pomade2 ,n]oli vasel9e pomade #bif ,mignonette vasel9e pomade2 ,portugal vasel9e pomade2 ,rose vasel9e pomades2 ,f9e vasel9e pomade 7yell[72 ,vasel9e pomade 7r$72 ,vasel9e pomade 7:ite72 ,virg9ia vasel9e pomade2 ,victoria vasel9e pomade #big ,extra f9e vasel9e pomade2 ,/ick pomades2 ,f\ndations = /ick pomades2 ,manufacture ( /ick pomades #bih ,rose-wax pomade2 ,black-wax pomade2 ,blonde-wax pomade2 ,br[n-wax pomade #bii ,*eap wax pomades2 ,res9 pomades2 ,hair oils2 ,huiles antiques2 ,vasel9e oil = hair oils2 ,treatm5t ( oils ) b5zo9 #cjj ,prep>ation ( huiles antiques2 ,huile antique la rose2 ,huile antique au jasm92 ,alp9e h]b oil2 ,fl[] hair oil2 ,p]uvian b>k hair oil #cja ,p]u hair oil2 ,burdock root hair oils2 ,macass> hair oils2 ,n]oli hair oil2 ,mignonette hair oils2 ,f9e hair oil #cjb ,*eap hair oil 7r$ or yell[72 ,portugal hair oil2 ,jasm9e hair oil2 ,vasel9e hair oils2 ,vanilla hair oil2 ,ylang-ylang hair oil2 ,philocome hair oil #cjc ,sultana hair oil2 ,rose hair oil2 ,tonka hair oil2 ,violet hair oil2 ,victoria hair oil2 ,*eap hair oils2 ,b&ol9es & _! prep>ation #cjd ,rose b&ol9e2 ,almond b&ol9e2 ,brilliant9e #cje ,fl[] brilliant9e ,no4 #a2 ,brilliant9e ,no4 #b #cjf ,brilliant9e ,no4 #c2 ,v>i\s =mulas = brilliant9e #cjg ,hair tonics2 ,eau ,a?ni5ne2 ,florida wat] #cjh ,eau de ,cologne hair tonic2 ,eau de qu99e #cji ,eau de qu99e 7imitation72 ,honey wat]2 ,glyc]9 hair tonic2 ,eau lu/ral 7hair re/orative72 ,tea hair tonic #caj ,locock's lotion = ! hair2 ,%ampoo lotion2 ,%ampoo liquid #caa ,d&ruff cures2 ,d&ruff lotion2 ,bay rum #cab ,directions = prep>+ bay rum #cac ,hair dyes2 ,requirem5ts ( a good hair dye2 ,gradual d>k5+ ( ! hair2 ,use ( dilute acids = mak+ ! hair light] #cad ,use ( lead salts1 nitrate ( silv]1 & copp] salts = dye+ ! hair #cae ,iron salts = dy+ ! hair2 ,ra/ikopetra1 a ,turki% hair dye2 ,use ( potassium p]manganate & pyrogallic acid = dye+ ! hair #caf ,kohol1 an ,egyptian hair dye2 ,! use ( h5na z a hair dye2 ,process ( color+ hair1 dy$ r$ ) h5na1 black #cag ,use ( ! juice ( gre5 walnut %ells = color+ ! hair2 ,blea*+ ! hair ) p]oxide ( hydrog52 ,=mul = hair dyes #cah ,s+le hair dyes2 ,te9ture ,ori5tale 7,k>si72 ,te9ture ,*9oise 7,kohol7 #cai ,potassium p]manganate hair dye2 ,bismu? hair dye2 ,walnut hair dye2 ,pyrogallic hair /a9 #cbj ,d\ble hair dyes2 ,= dye+ br[n2 ,= dye+ black2 ,tann9 hair dye #cba ,melanogne2 ,eau d',afrique2 ,kr9o*rom2 ,copp] hair dye2 ,depilatories2 ,rhusma #cbb ,boettg]'s depilatory2 ,b>?ol['s depilatory #cbc ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,cosmetics4 ,sk9 cosmetics2 ,toilet v9eg>s2 ,v9aigre de ,bully2 ,v9aigre de toilette la rose2 ,v9aigre de toilette la violette #cbd ,v9aigre de toilette hliotrope2 ,v9aigre de toilette orange2 ,v9aigre de toilette2 ,aromatic v9eg>2 ,engli% aromatic v9eg> #cbe ,toilet v9eg>2 ,wa%es2 ,virg9al milk 7,lait virg9al72 ,rose milk 7,lait de rose7 #cbf ,almond milk 7,lait d'am&es amres7 #cbg ,lily milk 7,lait de lys72 ,p]fum$ glyc]9 ) rose odor2 ,p]fum$ glyc]9 ) fruit odor2 ,p]fum$ meals & pa/es2 ,f>9 de noisette 7nut meal7 #cbh ,f>9 d'am&es amres 7almond meal72 ,pate d'am&es au miel 7honey almond pa/e72 ,p\dre de riz la rose #cbi ,p\dre de riz hliotrope2 ,p\dre de riz orange2 ,p\dre de riz muguet #ccj ,p\dre de riz ixora2 ,p\dre de riz b\quet2 ,cold creams & lip salves2 ,cold cream2 ,vasel9e cold cream #cca ,glyc]9 cream2 ,crme de concombre2 ,glyc]9 gele2 ,glyc]9 jelly #ccb ,cream ( roses2 ,boroglyc]9 cream2 ,recami] cream2 ,prep>ations = *app$ h&s #ccc ,wa% = ! h&s2 ,nail p[d]2 ,lip-salves #ccd ,pa9ts2 ,pulv]ul5t pa9ts 7p[d]s72 ,blanc f>d or ,blanc franais #cce ,mixtures = p[d]s2 ,color+ sub/ances = p[d]s2 ,p[d] = color+ int5sely r$2 ,solid pa9ts2 ,ord9>y r$ pa9t 7r\ge7 #ccf ,f9e r$ pa9t 7r\ge72 ,:ite pa9t2 ,prep>ation ( pa9ts #ccg ,r$ /ick-pa9t 7/ick r\ge72 ,m\ld+ ! r\ge into /icks #cci ,:ite /ick-pa9t2 ,r\ge en feuilles2 ,liquid pa9ts2 ,liquid r\ge #cdj ,:ite liquid pa9t2 ,fat pa9ts #cda ,crme de ,lys2 ,crme de rose #cdb ,,index #cdc ,a ,,practical ,,treatise ,,on ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,p]fum]y4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,hi/orical ,,notice ,,( ,,p]fum]y4 ,nature has implant$ 9 man ! in/9ct ( f9d+ ! odor accompany+ decay & putrefaction insuff]able1 ( flee+ f x1 & ( go+ 9 que/ ( fragrant odors4 ,h5ce1 9 anci5t times1 p]fume sub/ances 7 highly e/eem$1 & an (f]+ ( !m 0 consid]$ a sign ( ! mo/ pr(\nd rev]5ce & homage4 ,! e>ly nations ( ! ,ori5t especially us$ p]fume sub/ances 9 su* pr(usion t ! consumption ( !m by ! f9e/ lady ( to-day mu/ be call$ a comp>atively mod]ate "o4 ,?is may1 h[ev]1 be readily expla9$1 =1 on ! "o h&1 ! majority ( plants :i* produce ! mo/ agreeable p]fumes 9 l>g] quantity are indig5\s to ! ,ori5t2 &1 on ! o!r1 ! excessive exhalations f ! human body1 caus$ by ! hot climate1 =c$ ! p to se>* = means to remove1 or at lea/ to cov]1 ! disagreeable odor aris+ !refrom4 ,s9ce fragrant odors 7 agreeable to human be+s1 x 0 believ$ t !y mu/ be welcome also to ! gods1 &1 to honor !m1 p]fume sub/ances 7 burn$ ^u ! alt>s4 ,besides1 z an (f]+ to ! gods1 p]fume sub/ances 7 ext5sively us$ by _m nations1 especially by ! ,egyptians1 = embalm+ ! dead1 ! process employ$ by ! latt] hav+ be5 transmitt$ to u by ! anci5t au?ors ,h]odotus & ,diodorus4 ,fur!rmore1 a desire = ornam5tation & to give to ! face & body z pleas+ an appe>ance z possible1 is common to all mank9d4 ,to be sure1 ! ideas ( :at con/itutes beauty 9 ?is respect h v>i$ at diff]5t times & among ! v>i\s nations4 ,b1 indep5d5t ( ! savage races1 :o consid] pa9t+ & tattoo+ ! body & face an embelli%m5t1 & tak+ into consid]ation only ! e>lie/ civiliz$ nations1 x is a/oni%+ h[ _m arts ( ! toilet h be5 pres]v$ f ! mo/ anci5t hi/orical times up to ! pres5t4 ,9 ! mo/ anci5t hi/orical times1 p p]fum$ & pa9t$1 frizz$1 curl$1 & dy$ ! hair z at pres5t1 &1 9 fact1 ! same cosmetics1 only slightly augm5t$1 :i* 7 9 use hundr$s1 nay1 ?\s&s1 ( ye>s ago are /ill employ$ to-day4#a ,x is especially woman1 :o ev]y:]e ex]cises ! arts ( ! toilet1 :ile1 ) ! exception ( p]fumes & ag5ts = ! hair1 man is b seldom ref]r$ to z mak+ use ( cosmetics4 ,! "y girls ( anci5t ,egypt us$ r$ & :ite pa9ts1 color$ _! pale lips1 & ano9t$ _! hair ) sweet-sc5t$ oils2 !y dy$ _! eyela%es & eyelids black to imp>t a bright] lu/re to ! glance ( ! eye1 & ! "m ( ! wife ( ! fir/ k+ ( ,egypt is said to h already compos$ a receipt = a hair-dye4 #a ,pas*kis1 ,kosmetik fr ,a]zte4 ,wi51 #ahij4 ,f ! ,egyptians1 ! practices ( ! toilet1 l _m o!r ?+s1 7 transmitt$ to ! ,jews4 ,9 ,egypt1 ! ,hebrew woman _h kn[n ! sweet-sc5t$ fl[] ( ! h5na bu%1 &1 f9d+ x also 9 ,judea1 x s]v$ h] z a p]fume4 ,9 ! ,bible ! h5na fl[] is call$ koph]1 9 ,greek kypros1 & ! ,cyprian salve1 m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 0 prep>$ by boil+ h5na fl[]s 9 oil & !n express+ !m4 ,pa9t+ ! face 0 also practis$ by ! ,hebrew wom51 ref]5ce be+ made to x 9 ,,ii4 ,k+s ix4 #cj1 & ,j]emiah v4 #cj1 :ile pa9t+ ( ! eyes is m5tion$ 9 ,ezekiel xxiii4 #dj4 ,! numb] ( p]fume sub/ances kn[n to ! anci5t ,hebrews 0 b a limit$ "o1 !y consi/+1 besides ! above-m5tion$ h5na fl[]1 *iefly ( a few gum-res9s1 especially bdellium1 olibanum & myrrh4 ,9 anci5t times olibanum 01 )\t d\bt1 ! mo/ important p]fume-sub/ance4 ,x 0 introduc$ into comm]ce by ! ,pho5icians1 &1 l _m o!r sub/ances1 x receiv$ f !m its "n1 :i* 0 adopt$ by o!r nations4 ,?us1 ! ,hebrews call$ ! tree lebonah1 ! ,arabs1 lubah1 :ile ! ,greeks nam$ x1 & ! res9 d]iv$ f x1 ! celebrat$ frank9c5se ( ! anci5ts1 1 ,lat91 olibanum4 ,reg>d+ ! mode ( ga9+ ! olibanum1 "s curi\s ideas prevail$ 9 anci5t times4 ,?us1 ,h]odotus writes3 ,arabia is ! only c\ntry 9 :i* olibanum gr[s1 z well z myrrh1 cassia1 c9namon & l$]um4 ,) ! exception ( myrrh1 ! ,arabs enc\nt] _m difficulties 9 procur+ ^! products4 ,olibanum !y obta9 by burn+ /yrax1 = e olibanum tree is gu>d$ by a numb] ( small-siz$ w+$ s]p5ts ( a v>iegat$ appe>ance1 :i* c be driv5 away by no?+ b /yrax vapors4 ,accord+ to ,pl9y1 :o gives a v full acc\nt ( olibanum1 ,arabia felix receiv$ its by-"n f ! abundance ( olibanum & myrrh f\nd !re4 ,he /ates t olibanum gr[s 9 no o!r c\ntry besides ,arabia1 b x is n f\nd 9 e "p ( x4 ,ab\t 9 ! c5tre1 ^u a high m\nta91 he cont9ues1 is ! c\ntry ( ! ,atramites1 a prov9ce ( ! ,sabeans1 f :i* ! olibanum region is di/ant ab\t eight days' j\rney4 ,x is call$ ,saba & is ev]y:]e r5d]$ inaccessible by m\nta9s1 a n>r[ defile1 ?r\gh :i* ! export is c>ri$ on1 lead+ into an adjo9+ prov9ce inhabit$ by ! ,m9eans4 ,9 ,saba itself 7 n m ?an #cjj families1 call$ ! sa9ts1 :o claim$ ! cultivation ( olibanum z a "r ( h]itage4 ,:5 mak+ ! incisions 9 ! trees1 & :ile ga!r+ ! olibanum1 ! m5 7 prohibit$ f hav+ int]c\rse ) wom5 & f att5d+ fun]als4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t ! ,romans c>ri$ on w> 9 ,arabia1 none ( !m _h ev] se5 an olibanum tree4 ,:5 !re 0 less *ance ( sell+ ! olibanum1 x 0 ga!r$ b once 9 ! ye>1 b s9ce ! increase 9 ! dem&1 x 0 ga!r$ twice1 fir/ 9 ! fall & aga9 9 ! spr+1 ! incisions 9 ! trees hav+ be5 made dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! collect$ olibanum 0 br\ght ^u camels to ,sabota1 :]e "o gate 0 op5 = its reception2 to turn f ! road 0 prohibit$ "u p5alty ( dea?4 ,! prie/s took "o-t5? by measure = ! god ,sab91 sales n be+ all[$ until _! claim 0 satisfi$4 ,! olibanum c\ld be export$ only ?r\gh ! t]ritory ( ! ,gebanites1 ^: ,k+ also levi$ tribute4 ,pl9y fur!r /ates t ! ,arabs did n /eal "o f ano!r1 b = fe> ( loss ^? employ$ 9 ! /ores ( ,alex&ria 7 =c$ to g nak$ ) ! exception ( a cl\t :i* 0 seal$4 ,a mask & a ?ick net 7 ?r[n ov] ! head4 ,to u ! practice ( ano9t+ ! entire body1 cu/om>y among ! anci5ts1 appe>s v s+ul>4 ,old ,egyptian sculptures repres5t ! gue/s be+ ano9t$ at ! meal4 ,among ! ,jews we f9d a holy oil ) :i* ,a>on & 8 sons 7 ano9t$ to consecrate !m to ! prie/hood1 ,moses prescrib+ = ?is holy ano9t+ oil1 myrrh1 c9namon1 calamus1 & oil f ! olive tree4 ,o!r p]sons 7 prohibit$ f imitat+ or us+ ?is holy oil4 ,! ano9t+ ( k+s 0 introduc$ lat] on4 ,?\gh x 0 prohibit$ to imitate & use ! holy oil1 ?is prohibition did n ref] to ano9t+ ) oil 9 g5]al4 ,t ! ,greeks also set a high value ^u ano9t+ ) oil is pla9ly se5 f ,hom]4 ,:5 ,telema*us visit$ ,ne/or1 ,polyca/e1 ,ne/or's y\nge/ daught]1 ba!d him & ano9t$ him ) oil1 & :5 he 0 ! gue/ ( ,m5elaus1 ! maids ( ! latt] p]=m$ ! same s]vice = him1 :ile = ,ulysses return+ z a begg>1 ! ag$ ,euryclea prep>$ a foot-ba? & ano9t$ him4 ,by ! addition ( fragrant sub/ances to ! oil1 ! sweet-sc5t$ o9tm5t1 myron1 orig9at$4 ,:ile ! ano9t+ ) simple oil evid5tly s]v$ z a hygi5ic measure aft] ! ba?1 & especially = m5 9 ! gymnasium1 & be=e a combat1 ) ! ,greeks1 o9tm5ts 7 an article ( luxury4 ,9 ,socrates' "t ! use ( sweet-sc5t$ o9tm5ts _h rea*$ su* an ext5t1 t ,x5ophon caus$ him to speak aga9/ x1 b1 z is ! case ) all su* lectures aga9/ fa%ion1 )\t ! slighte/ success4 ,9 ,a!ns ! luxury 0 c>ri$ s f> t ! bac*analians ano9t$ ea* "p ( _! body ) a special o9tm5t4 ,! oil extract$ f ! palm 0 ?\ght be/ adapt$ to ! *eeks & ! brea/s2 ! arms 7 refre%$ ) balsam-m9t2 sweet m>joram suppli$ an oil = ! hair & eyebr[s2 & wild ?yme = ! knee & neck4 ,al?\gh to u x w\ld be repugnant to h ! entire body ano9t$1 9 ,a!ns x 0 consid]$ beautiful to be glossy ) o9tm5ts4 ,x is said ( ,demetrius ,phal]eus1 t 9 ord] to appe> m captivat+1 he dy$ 8 hair yell[1 & ano9t$ ! face & ! re/ ( 8 body4 ,f ! ,asiatics & ,greeks ! ,romans also le>n$ ! use ( o9tm5ts4 ,pl9y _c say at :at "t !y 7 introduc$ 9 ,rome1 b /ates t aft] ! conque/ ( ,asia & ! defeat ( ! ,k+1 ,antio*us1 9 ! ye> #efe1 aft] ! build+ ( ,rome1 ! c5sors issu$ an edict prohibit+ ! sale ( =eign o9tm5ts4 ,h[ev]1 ?is edict 0 ( no use1 & ! practice spread m & m1 ,pl9y speak+ v bitt]ly ab\t x4 ,reg>d+ ?is extravagance 9 o9tm5ts1 ,plut>* says3 ,frank9c5se1 c9namon1 spik5>d1 & ,arabian calamus are mix$ toge!r ) ! mo/ c>eful art & sold = l>ge sums4 ,x is an effem9ate pleasure & has spoil$ n only ! wom5 b also ! m51 :o w n sleep ev5 ) _! own wives if !y d n smell ( o9tm5ts & p[d]s4 ,plut>* fur!r m5tions an incid5t :i* mu/ h creat$ a s5sation ev5 9 luxuri\s ,rome1 z o!rwise x w\ld sc>cely h be5 *ronicl$ = ! b5efit ( po/]ity4 ,n]o "o day ano9t$ himself ) co/ly o9tm5ts & scatt]$ "s ( !m ov] ,o?o4 ,! next day ,o?o gave ,n]o a banquet1 & laid 9 all directions gold & silv] tubes1 :i* p\r$ =? exp5sive o9tm5ts l wat]1 ?or\ghly saturat+ ! gue/s4 ,directions = prep>+ o9tm5ts are conta9$ 9 ,!ophra/us's "w ,on ,p]fumes1 9 ,dioscorides's ,m$ica mat]ia1 & ,pl9y's ,hi/oria naturalis4 ,dioscorides's receipts are ! fulle/4 ,accord+ to ,pl9y1 a di/9ction 0 made betwe5 ! juice & ! body1 ! latt] consi/+ ( ! fat oils & ! =m] ( ! sweet-sc5t$ sub/ances4 ,9 prep>+ ! o9tm5ts1 ! oil toge!r ) ! p]fum+ sub/ances 7 heat$ 9 ! wat]-ba?4 ,= in/ance1 rose o9tm5t 01 accord+ to ,dioscorides1 prep>$ by mix+ #e lbs4 ( bruis$ ,&ropogon ,s*nan?us ) a little wat]1 !n add+ #bj lbs4 ( oil & heat+4 ,aft] heat+ ! oil 0 filt]$ (f1 & ! petals ( "o ?\s& roses 7 ?r[n into ! oil1 ! h&s ) :i* ! rose leaves 7 press$ into ! oil be+ previ\sly coat$ ) honey4 ,:5 ! :ole _h /ood = "o night1 ! oil 0 /ra9$ (f & :5 all impurities _h settl$1 x 0 br\ght into ano!r vessel & fre% rose leaves introduc$1 ! op]ation be+ sev]al times repeat$4 ,h[ev]1 accord+ to ! op9ion ( ! anci5t o9tm5t mak]s1 no m odor 0 absorb$ by ! oil aft] ! sev5? introduction ( rose leaves4 ,to fix ! odor1 res9s or gums 7 add$ to ! o9tm5ts4 ,a process ( di/ill+ volatile oils 0 also kn[n1 ! odorif]\s matt] be+ caught by spread+ wool ov] ! heat$ p]fume-sub/ances4 ,! wool 0 aft]w>ds subject$ to pressure4 ,?is process1 ( c\rse1 involv$ great loss & 0 available only = sub/ances conta9+ mu* volatile oil4 ,dioscorides also gives directions = mak+ animal fats suitable = ! reception ( p]fumes4 ,beef-tall[1 de]-fat1 or ! m>r[ ( animals 0 fre$ f all membranes1 melt$ toge!r ) a little salt 9 an entirely new vessel1 & !n p\r$ into clean wat]1 :]e x 0 wa%$ by rubb+ ) ! h&s1 ! wat] be+ frequ5tly r5ew$4 ,!n x 0 boil$ ) equal p>ts ( sweet-sc5t$ w9e1 & aft] tak+ x f ! fire x 0 all[$ to /& ov] night4 ,! next day ! cold fat 0 aga9 boil$ 9 a new vessel1 ) sweet-sc5t$ w9e1 ?is op]ation be+ repeat$ until ! fat _h lo/ e trace ( disagreeable odor1 :5 x 0 br\ght 9 contact ) ! p]fumes4 ,! consumption ( p]fume-sub/ances by ! anci5t ,romans mu/ h be5 enorm\s4 ,! trade ( ! o9tm5t mak]s 7ung5t>ii7 0 s ext5sive t ! l>ge /reet ,seplasia 9 old ,capua 0 entirely tak5 up by x1 & ! bus9ess mu/ h paid well s9ce ! prices realiz$ 7 v high4 ,h[ev]1 9 anci5t times ! bus9ess _c h be5 v agreeable1 at lea/ n 9 ,greece1 z %[n by a passage 9 ,plut>*'s ,life ( ,p]icles3 ,we take pleasure 9 o9tm5ts & purple1 b consid] ! dy]s & o9tm5t mak]s bondsm5 & me*anics4 ,r$ & :ite pa9ts1 9 ! =m ( p[d] z well z ( pa/e1 7 ext5sively us$ by ! ,roman ladies4 ,*alk & :ite lead s]v$ = :ite pa9t1 & m9ium & c>m9e = r$4 ,lov]s pref]r$ :ite pa9ts1 a pale color be+ m becom+ to !m3-- ,palleat omnis amans2 hic e/ color aptus amanti4--7,ovid47 ,= black pa9ts = ! eyebr[s roa/$ ant eggs or soot 7 us$4 ,! ,roman ladies paid z mu* att5tion to _! natural1 & also false1 hair z ! fair ones ( to-day4 ,!y curl$ _! hair ) heat$ iron in/rum5ts1 & p]fum$ !m ) fragrant oil4 ,if f age1 sorr[1 or o!r reasons1 ! hair 0 no long] black1 x 0 dy$1 & x seems t a consid]able numb] ( hair-dyes 7 kn[n 9 ,rome1 among/ !m "s :i* are /ill employ$ to-day1 su* z gre5 nut%ells & acetate ( lead4 ,aft] ! ,romans _h se5 ! blonde ,g]man maid5s1 blonde & r$ hair became ! fa%ion4 ,to dye ! hair blonde %>p alkal9e soaps 7 *iefly us$4 ,h[ev]1 ?is or "s o!r hair-dye seems to h be5 v injuri\s1 z x caus$ ! hair to come out4 ,! satiri/s ridicul$ ?is z well z ! wigs1 :i* 7 worn by m5 & wom5 to hide baldness1 or on acc\nt ( ! color :i* c\ld n be atta9$ by dyes4 ,depilatories 7 also kn[n to ! ,romans1 ! ag5ts employ$ be+ call$ psilo?rum & dropax4 ,!y 7 ( vegetable orig91 b x is n exactly kn[n f :i* plants !y 7 d]iv$4 ,= clean+ ! tee? ! ,roman ladies us$ a d5tifrice :i* does n seem v invit+ to u4 ,x consi/$ ( a ur9e import$ f ,spa9 7d5s hib]na defricatus ur9a74 ,to p]fume ! brea? or to hide its bad odor1 m\?-wa%es1 p]fum$ ) saffron1 roses1 etc41 7 us$1 or myrrh1 ma/ic f ,*ios or p]fum$ pa/illes 7 *ew$4 ,we "k b little reg>d+ ! use ( p]fum]ies & cosmetics 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,9 ! w>s dur+ ! migrations ( ! nations1 b little ?\ght 0 v likely giv5 to !m1 b z soon z ! nations became aga9 settl$ & made suffici5t progress 9 culture1 ! ta/e = p]fumes & o!r pleasures ( life no d\bt return$4 ,our k 9 ?is respect is limit$ to :at is conta9$ 9 ! works ( physicians ( ! fir/ c5turies4 ,lat] on we f9d receipts = cosmetics 9 ! writ+s ( ,arabian physicians1 su* z ,rhazes 7end ( ! #i? to ! comm5cem5t ( ! #aj? c5tury71 ,avic5na 7end ( ! #aj? to ! comm5cem5t ( ! #aa? c5tury71 & ,mesu 7#aa? c5tury74 ,to ! #aa? c5tury also belong ! works ( ! celebrat$ ,trotula1 ,de muli]um passionibus1 ,practica ,trotulae muli]is ,sal]nitanae de curis muli]um1 & ,trotula 9 utilitatem muli]um1 all ( :i* conta9 receipts = cosmetics4 ,9 ! #ad? c5tury ! mo/ celebrat$ surgeon ( ! ,middle ,ages1 ,guy de ,*anlios1 did n consid] x b5ea? 8 dignity to devote a section ( 8 ,gr&e ,*irurgie to cosmetics4 ,h[ev]1 x 0 only 9 ! #af? c5tury t p]fumes & cosmetics came aga9 into prom95t notice 9 ,italy1 :i* at t "t 0 ! c\ntry ( luxury & art4 ,giovanni ,m>9ello1#b a physician1 9 #aefb wrote a "w on ,cosmetics = ,ladies1 :i* he d$icat$ to ! ladies ,victoria & ,isabella ,palavic9i4 ,9 ! preface ! au?or expresses ! op9ion t x is only "r & pleas+ to ,god to place ! gifts be/[$ by him 9 a prop] light & to height5 !m4 ,he !n proce$s to give p]fumes = v>i\s purposes1 aromatic ba?s to keep ! sk9 "y & fre%1 means = increas+ ! /\tness ( ! entire body & ( sep>ate limbs1 & o!rs = r$uc+ !m4 ,he fur!r recomm5ds c]ta9 rem$ies = mak+ l>ge eyes small1 & small ones l>ge4 ,! *apt] on ! hair is v fully treat$4 ,to prev5t ! hair f com+ out1 rubb+ ) oil1 & !n wa%+ ) sorrel & myrobalan is recomm5d$4 ,= promot+ ! gr[? ( ! hair1 ! use ( dri$ frogs1 liz>ds1 etc41 rubb$ to a p[d]1 is prescrib$4 ,means = mak+ ! hair long & s(t & curly are also giv51 & o!rs recomm5d$ = eyebr[s & eyela%es4 ,z depilatories lime & orpim5t are prescrib$4 ,pa9ts are also class$ among g5]al cosmetics4 ,_! use became at ?is "t m & m fa%ionable1 & n only ! face1 b also ! brea/ & neck 7 pa9t$4 #b ,gli ornam5ti delle donne1 tratti dalle s]iture d'una ,re9a greca1 p> ,m4 ,giovanni ,m>9ello 9 ,v5etia4 ,ca!r9e ( ,m$ici & ,m>g>et ( ,valois introduc$ ^! arts ( ! toilet into ,france4 ,t c\ntry soon became ! lead] 9 ?is respect1 & = _m ye>s ! greate/ luxury 9 p]fumes & cosmetics prevail$ !re4 ,! gold5 age = ^! articles la/$ f ! comm5cem5t ( ! sev5te5? to ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 dur+ :i* "t ! m\*e or beauty pat* also fl\ri%$4 ,!re 7 at t "t hundr$s ( pa/es1 ess5ces1 cosmetics1 a :ite balsam1 a wat] to make ! face r$1 ano!r to make a co>se complexion delicate1 "o to pres]ve ! f9e complexion ( lean p]sons & aga9 "o to make ! face l t ( a tw5ty-ye> old girl1 an ,eau p\r n\rir et lav] les te9ts corrods & ,eau de *air admirable p\r te9ts jaunes et bilieux1 etc4 ,!n !re 7 ,m\*oirs de ,v5us1 fur!r b&s impregnat$ ) wax to cleanse & smoo? ! =ehead2 gold leaf 0 ev5 heat$ 9 a lemon ov] a fire 9 ord] to obta9 a means :i* %\ld imp>t to ! face a sup]natural brightness4 ,= ! hair1 tee? & nails !re 7 innum]able receipts1 o9tm5ts1 etc4 ,h[ev]1 ( special importance 7 ! pa9ts1 *emical :ite1 blue = ! ve9s1 b1 *ief ( all1 ! r$ or r\ge1 m9]al1 vegetable1 or co*9eal4 ,! application ( r\ge 0 at t "t no small affair1 x 0 n only to be r\g$1 b ! r\ge _h also to express some?+--,le gr& po9t e/ d'avoir un r\ge qui dise quelque *ose4 ,! r\ge _h to *>act]ize its we>]2 a lady ( rank did n we> ! r\ge l a lady ( ! c\rt1 & ! r\ge ( ! wife ( ! b\rgeois 0 n l ei!r ( !m nor l t ( ! c\rtesan4 ,at c\rt a m int5se r\ge 0 worn1 ! int5sity ( :i* 0 /ill increas$ on ! day ( pres5tation1 x be+ !n ,r\ge d',espagne & ,r\ge de ,portugal en tasse4 ,x may seem incr$ible1 b = eight days a violet pa9t 0 us$ & !n = a *ange ,r\ge de ,s]kis4 ,ladies1 :5 retir+ = ! night appli$ a light r\ge 7un demi r\ge71 & ev5 small girls wore r\ge1 su* be+ ! decree ( fa%ion4 ,! ladies dy$ _! eyebr[s & eyela%es1 & p[d]$ _! hair1 bo? natural & false1 =1 ab\t #agej1 !y comm5c$ we>+ wigs & *ignons4 ,p[d]+ 0 done p>tially = ! purpose ( dy+ ! hair aft] dress+1 & p>tially = decoration2 :ite1 gray1 r$ & fi]y r$ p[d]s 7 9 vogue4 ,to t "t fa%ion also orda9$ an ev]-v>y+ r\t9e 9 ! employm5t ( p]fumes2 s t ! royal ap>tm5ts 7 "o day fragrant ) ! sc5t ( ! tub]ose & ! next ) t ( amb] & cloves2 & s on consecutively1 ea* succe$+ day br++ a *ange ( ! reign+ odor4 ,9 t luxuri\s age ! p]sonal use ( p]fumes 0 n conf9$ to ! fair sex1 b ! effem9ate gallants ( ! day glori$ 9 p]fum+ !mselves ) ! favorite sc5ts ( _! mi/resses or ( prom95t belles2 s t ! allegiance 0 recogniz$1 n z 9 m *ivalr\s times by ! knight we>+ ! colors ( ! fair "o :o _h enslav$ him1 b by 8 smell+ ( ! p>ticul> odor :i* %e _h consecrat$ to h]self4 ,philip ,augu/us1 9 #aaij1 grant$ a *>t] to ! ,fr5* p]fum]s1 :o _h =m$ a guild4 ,?is *>t] 01 9 #aceg1 confirm$ by ,john1 & 9 #aehb by ,h5ry ,,iii41 & rema9$ 9 =ce until #afcf4 ,! importance ( ! craft 9 ,france is %[n by ! fact t "u ,colb]t ! p]fum]s or p>fumeurs-ganti]s1 z !y 7 call$1 7 grant$ pat5ts :i* 7 regi/]$ 9 ,p>liam5t4 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ,montpelli] 0 ! *ief seat ( ! ,fr5* p]fum]y indu/ry2 to-day x is ,p>is1 & ov] fifty millions ( francs' wor? ( p]fum]y are annually sold !re4 ,! p>fumeurs-ganti]s _h ! privilege ( sell+ gloves ( all possible k9ds ( mat]ial1 z well z ! lea!r requir$ = !m2 !y _h ! fur!r privilege ( p]fum+ gloves & sell+ all k9ds ( p]fumes4 ,p]fum$ lea!r = gloves1 purses1 etc41 0 at t "t import$ f ,spa94 ,?is lea!r 0 v exp5sive & fa%ionable1 b on acc\nt ( its p5etrat+ odor its use = gloves 0 f9ally ab&on$4 ,9 ,engl& p]fumes 7 n 9 g5]al use be=e ! reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 :5 !y soon became fa%ionable4 ,elizabe? _h an especially f9ely develop$ s5se ( smell & no?+ 0 m repugnant to h] ?an a disagreeable odor4 ,%e _h a cloak ( p]fum$ ,spani% lea!r1 & ev5 h] %oes 7 p]fum$4 ,p]fum$ gloves 7 also fa%ionable4 ,! city soon imitat$ ! practices ( ! c\rt1 & t an extravagant use 0 made ( p]fum]ies & cosmetics is pla9ly se5 f ! works ( ! au?ors ( t "t1 z well z f an act ( ,p>liam5t pass$ 9 #aggj4 ,by ! latt] x is orda9$ t any woman1 no matt] ( :at age or rank1 be %e maid or wid[1 :o deceives a man & inveigles him into matrimony by ! use ( p]fum]ies1 false hair1 ,crpons d',espagne 7a pa9t71 corsets1 hoop$ petticoats1 %oes ) high heels1 & false hips1 %all suff] ! p5alty ( ! law = procur+1 & ! m>riage %all be null & void4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,p]fume-,,mat]ials ,,= ,,! ,,manufacture ,,( ,,p]fum]y4 ,mo/ ( ! p]fume-mat]ials employ$ by ! p]fum] are d]iv$ f ! vegetable k+dom2 a few are ( animal orig91 :il/ "s are artificially prep>$4 ,( animal sub/ances only f\r are us$1 namely3 musk1 ca/or or ca/oreum1 civet1 & amb]gris2 ! sep>ation ( _! *>act]i/ic odorif]\s sub/ances has1 h[ev]1 n yet be5 accompli%$4 ,! odor ( plants is g5]ally due to volatile sub/ances call$ volatile or ess5tial oils4 ,_! occurr5ce is n limit$ to special p>ts1 !y be+ f\nd 9 ! fl[]1 se$1 wood1 ba/1 b>k1 leaves1 & root4 ,h[ev]1 9 e plant ! oil occurs *iefly 9 c]ta9 organs1 & x ev5 happ5s t ! oil diff]s ) ! "p ( ! plant :5ce x is d]iv$4 ,! odors exi/ already =m$ 9 ! liv+ plant1 or else are g5]at$1 z 9 ! in/ance ( bitt] almonds1 by "s reaction betwe5 ! elem5ts :i* takes place dur+ f]m5tation or di/illation4 ,f ! /r5g? ( ! odor ( a plant no conclusion c be drawn z to ! quantity ( volatile oil pres5t4 ,if ?is 7 ! case1 ! hyac9?1 = in/ance1 w\ld conta9 m oil ?an ! conif]ae1 :il/ 9 fact x conta9s s little t x c be sep>at$ only ) ! greate/ difficulty4 ,! odor does n dep5d on ! quantity1 b on ! quality ( ! oil2 a plant may diffuse b little odor & /ill conta9 mu* volatile oil4 ,( ! v>i\s families ( plants1 ! labiatae1 umbellif]ae1 & conif]ae are ri*e/ 9 volatile oils4 ,9 e climate plants diffuse odor1 ^? gr[+ 9 tropical latitudes be+ m prolific 9 ?is respect ?an ! plants ( cold] regions1 :i*1 h[ev]1 yield ! mo/ delicate p]fume4 ,al?\gh ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ,ceylon1 ,p]u1 & ,mexico af=d "s ( ! *oice/ p]fumes1 ,c5tral ,europe is ! actual fl[] g>d5 ( ! p]fum]1 ,grasse1 ,cannes1 & ,nice be+ ! pr9cipal places = ! production ( p]fume-mat]ials4 ,?anks to ! geographical position ( ^! places1 ! cultivator1 )9 a comp>atively n>r[ space1 has at 8 disposal v>i\s climates suitable = ! mo/ p]fect developm5t ( ! plants4 ,! ,acacia ,f>nesiana gr[s on ! sea%ore1 )\t hav+ to fe> fro/1 :i* 9 "o night might de/roy ! entire crop1 :ile at ! foot ( ! ,alps1 on ,m\nt ,e/]al1 ! violet diffuses a mu* sweet] odor ?an 9 ! hott] regions1 :]e ! olive & ! tub]ose rea* p]fect bloom4 ,engl& ass]ts its sup]iority 9 oils ( lav5d] & pepp]m9t4 ,! volatile oils obta9$ f plants cultivat$ 9 ,mit*am & ,hit*9 comm& a consid]ably high] price ?an ^? f o!r localities1 ?is pref]5ce be+ ju/ifi$ only by ! delicacy ( _! p]fume4 ,cannes is be/ suit$ = roses1 acacias1 jasm9e1 & n]oli1 :ile 9 ,nimes1 ?yme1 rosem>y1 & lav5d] are *iefly cultivat$4 ,nice is celebrat$ = its violets1 :ile ,sicily furni%es ! lemon & orange1 & ,italy ! iris & b]gamotte4 ,! odors exhal$ by our own dome/ic plants h be5 b little /udi$1 b ! s\!rn z well z _m nor!rn di/ricts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates are well adapt$ = ! cultivation ( q a numb] ( species ( plants :i* might be made to yield highly valuable articles ( comm]ce4 ,among ! plants :i* might furni% oils = ! p]fum]'s use are1 = in/ance1 ! wall fl[]1 ! ,lilly1 lilac & mignonette4 ,,volatile ,,oils4--,! volatile oils are ei!r fluid 7actual volatile oils7 or solid 7v>ieties ( camphor7 or solutions ( solid comb9ations 9 fluid4 ,! latt]1 on exposure to l[ temp]atures1 sep>ate into two portions1 "o solid1 call$ /e>opt5e1 & ! o!r liquid1 call$ elopt5e4 ,! boil+ po9t ( ! volatile oils is consid]ably high] ?an t ( wat]1 b :5 heat$ ) wat] !y pass ov] ) ! vapors4 ,^u pap]1 fluid volatile oils produce grease spots1 :i* diff]1 h[ev]1 f ^? caus$ by fat oils 9 t !y gradually disappe> at an ord9>y temp]ature1 & rapidly by g5tle heat+4 ,mo/ volatile oils are insoluble1 or only ) difficulty & sp>+ly soluble1 9 wat]1 b !y imp>t to ! latt] _! odor & ta/e4 ,!y are readily soluble 9 alcohol1 e!r1 *lor(orm1 bisulphide ( c>bon & petroleum-e!r1 & miscible 9 e proportion ) fats & fat oils4 ,by _! solubility 9 alcohol !y diff] f mo/ fat oils4 ,:5 fre%ly prep>$ _m volatile oils are colorless1 b soon turn yell[2 "s1 h[ev]1 %[ a di/9ct color ev5 :5 fre%4 ,!y ignite ) great] ease ?an fat oils & burn ) a fi]ce smoky flame deposit+ a l>ge am\nt ( c>bon4 ,!y exhibit a great t5d5cy to absorb oxyg5 f ! air & to gum1 ! influ5ce ( light promot+ ! process4 ,9 specific gravity !y range f ab\t #j4ge to #a4ag1 mo/ ( !m be+ specifically light] ?an wat]4 ,mo/ bodies1 "u o!rwise equal conditions1 %[ always exactly ! same specific gravity1 ! v>iations be+ s slight t !y may be ju/ly ascrib$ to errors ( obs]vation4 ,h[ev]1 "o & ! same volatile oil frequ5tly %[s su* v>iations 9 specific gravity1 t we are =c$ to ascribe ?is ph5om5on to alt]ations 9 ! con/itution ( ! oil itself4 ,= ! exact det]m9ation ( ! specific gravity ( a volatile oil1 x %\ld1 !re=e1 be subject$ to exam9ation imm$iately aft] its prep>ation f ! plant or vegetable sub/ance1 :i* %\ld be z fre% z possible4 ,! influ5ce ( light ^u volatile oils is be/ %[n by ! foll[+ int]e/+ exp]im5t3 ,if c]ta9 volatile oils are di/ill$ 9 a vacuum or ov] burnt lime 9 a curr5t ( c>bonic acid1 x is no long] possible to di/+ui%1 = in/ance1 oil ( lemon f oil ( turp5t9e2 h[ev]1 by aga9 expos+ ! oils to ! air1 !y reacquire _! *>act]i/ic odor4 ,accord+ to _! elem5t>y composition ! volatile oils may be divid$ into ?ree pr9cipal divisions3-- #a4 ,volatile oils free f oxyg51 t]p5e 7camph5e71 or hydroc>bons4 #b4 ,oxyg5at$ volatile oils4 #c4 ,volatile oils conta9+ sulphur4 ,on acc\nt ( ! facility ) :i* mo/ ( ! volatile oils absorb oxyg51 oils orig9ally free f oxyg5 are frequ5tly a mixture ( hydroc>bons & comb9ations conta9+ oxyg54 ,! volatile oils v>y+ s mu* 9 _! physical z well z _! *emical prop]ties1 a suitable classification ( !m has ?us f> be5 unsuccessful4 ,mo/ ( ! volatile oils conta9 a liquid hydroc>bon1 t]p5e1 :i* is *>act]iz$ nei!r by special ta/e nor odor1 nor is ! peculi>ity ( a volatile oil dep5d5t on x4 ,9 ! direct di/illation ( a volatile oil1 = in/ance1 lemon oil1 ?is hydroc>bon 7citr5e71 passes fir/ ov] & c1 !re=e1 be readily sep>at$ f ! con/itu5ts on :i* dep5d ! peculi>ity ( lemon oil1 & :i* di/il ov] at a high] temp]ature4 ,! specific "* ( an oil is g5]ally due to ! portion ( ! oil conta9+ oxyg54 ,h5ce1 manufactur]s h endeavor$ to free sev]al ( ! volatile oils1 us$ = p]fum]y & ! prep>ation ( food1 f ! wor?less t]p5e & at ! same "t to obta9 !m 9 a conc5trat$ =m4 ,c>vol is1 = in/ance1 c>away oil fre$ f c>v5e 7t]p5e74 ,^! conc5trat$ oils are n only pur] & m agreeable 9 odor & ta/e & m readily soluble 9 dilute alcohol1 b1 be+ m conc5trat$1 an equal volume ( !m goes mu* fur!r ?an ord9>y volatile oil4 ,9 ! price li/s ^! oils are designat$ z extra /rong1 pat5t$1 conc5trat$1 highly conc5trat$ oils or ess5ces4 ,all ! t]p5es occurr+ 9 ! v>i\s oils are comb9ations hav+ ! =mula ,c#aj;,h#af1 or polym]ic ) x1 ,c#ae;,h#bd1 ,c#bj;,h#cb1 etc4 ,^! t]p5es exhibit+ c]ta9 deviations 9 reg>d to _! prop]ties1 odor1 specific gravity1 & boil+ po9ts1 ne>ly z _m t]p5es z !re are volatile oils h be5 di/+ui%$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v likely t ^! deviations may be trac$ back to =tuit\s circum/ances1 = example1 to ! admixture ( =eign sub/ances occurr+ toge!r ) ! t]p5es1 & t1 by a m accurate exam9ation1 ! numb] ( t]p5es entitl$ to be consid]$ pure *emical comb9ations w be consid]ably r$uc$4 ,by ,walla*'s labors1 ! id5tity ( sev]al t]p5es =m]ly consid]$ di/9ct1 has already be5 e/abli%$1 :il/ _m o!rs h be5 f\nd to possess prop]ties 9 common4 ,accord+ to ! nature & quantity ( ! odorif]\s sub/ances conta9$ 9 ! plants1 v>i\s me?ods1 namely1 expression1 di/illation1 extraction1 mac]ation1 & absorption1 are employ$ = ! purpose ( obta9+ !m4 ,expression4--,?is is only practicable :5 ! sub/ances are especially ri* 9 oil & ( suffici5t s(tness1 z 9 ! case ) ! peel ( ! orange1 citron1 lemon1 etc4 ,9 su* in/ances ! mat]ial is simply plac$ 9 a l95 clo? & subject$ to a /rong pressure until x ceases to yield oil4 ,! press may be ( any size accord+ to ! quantity to be express$4 ,= small quantities x g5]ally consi/s ( an iron vessel1 hav+ a small op5+ at ! bottom s t ! oil may fl[ out4 ,! mat]ial is plac$ ^u a p]=at$ bottom inside ( ! vessel & cov]$ ) a well-fitt+ iron plate1 t c be press$ d[n by means ( a screw4 ,?\gh ! mat]ial is fairly exhau/$ by su* a press1 = l>ge op]ations x is advisable to make use ( a hydraulic press1 :i* is con/ruct$ & manag$ 9 exactly ! same mann] z ^? us$ = ! expression ( fix$ oils4 ,by expression a turbid milky fluid is obta9$1 :i* consi/s ( ! volatile oil & aque\s sub/ances4 ,! latt] are a solution ( v>i\s extractive sub/ances & salts 9 wat]4 ,?is fluid1 z x runs f ! press1 is receiv$ 9 tall1 n>r[1 glass vessels & br\ght into a cool place = cl>ification4 ,?is frequ5tly requires sev]al days1 ?ree di/9ct lay]s be+ g5]ally di/+ui%$4 ,on ! bottom is a muc\s lay] consi/+ ( cell sub/ances c>ri$ along by ! liquid bodies4 ,ov] ?is is a cle> fluid consi/+ ( a solution ( extractive sub/ances1 vegetable album51 & salts1 & ^u ?is floats ! volatile oil1 be+ specifically ! lighte/ body1 :i*1 by its great] refractive p[]1 c be cle>ly di/+ui%$ f ! aque\s fluid4 ,! oil is sep>at$ by br++ all t has be5 express$ into a bottle provid$ ne> ! bottom ) a lat]al neck clos$ by a cock4 ,aft] sep>at+ ! oil f ! aque\s fluid1 ! latt] is all[$ to escape by op5+ ! cock4 ,! oil obta9$ 9 ?is mann] is /ill impure1 & requires fur!r treatm5t to remove small vegetable fibres1 invisible to ! nak$ eye1 :i* float 9 !m1 & cause !m to be some:at opaque & slightly opalesc5t4 ,by _! subsequ5t decomposition !y w\ld also give ! oil a disagreeable odor4 ,!re are two me?ods ( obta9+ ! oil entirely cle>1 viz41 filtration & di/illation4 ,filtration is ! *eap] process1 b requires special precautions to exclude ! air z mu* z possible to prev5t ! oil f und]go+ injuri\s *anges4 ,by arrang+ ! filt]+ app>atus s t ! oil always comes 9 contact ) only ! same quantity ( air1 ! injuri\s action ( ! oxyg5 is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,x is self-evid5t t ! app>atus %\ld n be plac$ 9 ! sun1 b 9 a semi-d>k1 cool place4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,a filt] ( simple con/ruction1 & p]=m+ excell5t s]vice1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #a4 ,x consi/s ( a l>ge glass bottle1 ,f1 h]metically clos$ by a d\bly-p]=at$ cork4 ,! neck ( ! glass funnel ,t1 ! upp] rim ( :i* is gr\nd smoo?1 is plac$ 9 "o ( ! holes1 & a glass tube1 r1 b5t at a "r angle1 is fitt$ into ! second hole4 ,a ?ick wood5 lid1 ) a rubb] r+ on ! l[] side1 is plac$ ^u ! funnel1 ?us clos+ x air-tight4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! lid is fitt$ a glass tube1 r1 also b5t at a "r angle1 :i* is connect$ ) ! tube r1 by a rubb] hose1 k4 ,aft] ! funnel has be5 provid$ ) filt]+ pap] & ! oil to be filt]$1 ! lid is plac$ ^u x1 & mu/ n be remov$1 except = ! purpose ( p\r+ m oil into ! funnel4 ,! air 9 ! bottle ,f is displac$ by ! oil dropp+ into x1 & escapes ?r\gh r1 k & r into ! funnel1 & ?us only ! air 9 ! bottle & funnel c act ^u ! oil4 ,! o!r me?od = ! complete purification ( express$ oil is by rectification or di/illation ) wat]4 ,= ?is purpose ! oil1 toge!r ) a little wat]1 is br\ght into "o ( ! /ills describ$ lat] on1 & ! oil di/ill$ ov]4 ,x is sometimes difficult to obta9 ! la/ portion ( ! oil1 especially ) a /ill heat$ by direct fire1 & x is !re=e pref]able to comb9e x ) a fre% quantity ( ! same oil to be di/ill$4 ,di/illation4--,!re are at pres5t two me?ods 9 use4 ,! "o is f\nd$ ^u ! direct action ( ! heat1 ! o!r ^u ! use ( /eam4 ,! fir/ 0 =m]ly 9 g5]al practice1 & is /ill l>gely employ$ 9 ,france & ,engl&1 & to a limit$ ext5t 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v defici5t 9 _m respects4 ,z ! /ills mu/ necess>ily be ( small capacity1 only small quantities c be di/ill$ at "o "t1 & ! oils v r>ely possess ! peculi> odor due to !m1 & sometimes ! odor is ev5 alt]$4 ,9 mix+ too little wat] ) ! mat]ials to be extract$1 !re is dang] t empyreumatic oils w be =m$2 a l>ge quantity ( wat]1 on ! o!r h&1 is ( disadvantage1 9 s f> z 9 case ! p]fume-mat]ials conta9 little oil1 only a p]fum$ wat]1 b no oil1 w be obta9$4 ,9 ord] to avoid ^! inconv5i5ces1 or1 at lea/1 to d away ) "s ( !m1 ano!r plan 0 devis$4 ,! mat]ials to be di/ill$ 7 spread ^u sieves1 :i* 7 susp5d$ 9 ! upp] "p ( a /ill1 s t !y might be p5etrat$ f bel[4 ,x is true no scor*+ is possible 9 ?is case1 z 0 9 ! o!r process :5 ! heat+ 0 cont9u$ aft] all ! wat] _h evaporat$1 & ! oil reta9s its prop] color1 b by ?is me?od only small quantities c be extract$ at a "t4 ,! /ill g5]ally us$ = di/illation ) direct heat resembles s mu* an ord9>y :iskey /ill z to ne$ no fur!r description "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,= ! accurate det]m9ation ( ! p]c5tage ( volatile oil a vegetable sub/ance w yield1 or to obta9 ! oil f v co/ly raw mat]ials1 ! small glass app>atus1 ,fig4 #b1 is us$4 ,! flask ,a1 ) a capacity ( up to #e or #f qu>ts1 s]ves = a /ill4 ,9 ! tube t1 %ap$ l ! neck ( a bottle1 is ins]t$ by means ( a cork1 a funnel tube1 l1 rea*+ to ! bottom ( ! flask4 ,! neck ( ! flask passes into ! cool+ pipe1 :i* lies 9 a s-call$ ,liebig cool]4 ,?is consi/s ( a wide-glass tube1 ,c1 into ! l[] end ( :i*1 at h1 fl[s cold wat] f ! res]voir ,d1 displac+ ! heat$ wat] at g4 ,! l[] end ( ! cool+ pipe is connect$ ) ! neck-%ap$ tube v1 "u :i* /&s ! vessel = ! reception ( ! di/illate4 ,to prev5t ! crack+ ( ! flask1 :i* might readily happ5 ) ! use ( direct heat1 x is plac$ 9 a vessel fill$ ) s& or wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,a v good small app>atus = ! di/illation ( volatile oil is %[n 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,x is kn[n z a siphon /ill4 ,x consi/s ( a d\ble-wall$ boil]1 surm\nt$ by a /ill-head1 :i* is provid$ ) a me*anism = keep+ ! cont5ts ( ! boil] 9 motion4 ,?is /irr+ app>atus consi/s ( a p]p5dicul> %aft1 be>+ a frame "w ( iron1 curv$ s z to correspond to ! int]ior %ape ( ! /ill1 & on ! outside c>ry+ a *a9 :i* scrapes ov] ! inn] surface ( ! /ill :ile ! /irr] is be+ turn$4 ,?is may be done ei!r by h& or by /eam4 ,! /ill hav+ be5 *>g$ ) ! mat]ial to be extract$1 is fill$ up ) wat] to )9 a few in*es ( ! top ( ! body ( ! /ill1 & ! latt] is heat$ by admitt+ /eam4 ,! vapors aris+ are conduct$ to a cool] situat$ at a high] level ?an ! /ill itself1 & ! cond5s$ liquid is collect$ 9 a receiv]1 :]e ! oil & wat] sep>ate4 ,?is receiv] is provid$ ) two faucets1 "o ne> ! top & ! o!r ne> ! bottom4 ,if ! oil pass+ ov] is heavi] ?an wat]1 ! excess ( ! latt] is remov$ by ! upp] faucet2 if ! oil swims on ! wat]1 ! l[] faucet is regulat$ s z to all[ ! wat] to escape 9 ab\t ! same ratio z x ent]s ! receiv]4 ,9 ei!r case ! cond5s$ wat] is made to run back into ! /ill1 & ! loss ( oil is1 !re=e1 greatly r$uc$4 ,sometimes a s+le-wall$ /ill is us$1 & di/illation c>ri$ on ) direct /eam4 ,?is me?od is1 h[ev]1 n suitable :]e ! pres5ce ( wat] is necess>y1 = in/ance1 9 ! production ( oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,a simple way ( conv]t+ an ord9>y /ill into use ) /eam is %[n 9 ,fig4 #d4 ,= ! helmet ( ! /ill ,a is sub/itut$ a cyl9drical vessel1 ,b1 ) an op5+ 9 ! bottom4 ,! mat]ials to be di/ill$ are br\ght into ,b1 & re/ ^u a wire bottom to prev5t p>ticles f fall+ into ,a4 ,f ! upp] portion ( ,b a pipe1 ,r1 leads to ! cond5s]4 ,z may be se5 f ! illu/ration1 ! /ill ,a s]ves only = ! g5]ation ( /eam4 ,! latt]1 9 pass+ ?r\gh ,b1 heats ! cont5ts & absorbs ! lib]at$ oil1 ! comb9$ vapors pass+ into ! cond5s]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,?is simple modification ( ! ord9>y /ill af=ds "s advantage1 ! pr9cipal be+ ! avoidance ( ! cond5sation ( a l>ge quantity ( wat]4 ,?is 9 itself w\ld n am\nt to mu*1 b x has to be tak5 into consid]ation t1 ?\gh volatile oils are only v sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 !y are nev]!less soluble 9 x to su* a degree z to imp>t to x _! *>act]i/ic odor & ta/e4 ,su* aromatiz$ wat] c be utiliz$ 9 ! manufacture ( liqueurs & p]fum]y1 b to ! manufactur] :o re/ricts himself to ! production ( volatile oils alone1 ?is repres5ts a loss1 & x is !re=e necess>y = him to cond5se z little wat] z possible4 ,& ?is object c only be atta9$ by ! use ( direct /eam4 ,a simple app>atus = ! purpose is %[n 9 ,fig4 #e4 ,! /ill b1 provid$ ) a helmet1 re/s free ^u a suitable support4 ,to prev5t cool+1 x is surr\nd$ ) a wood5 jacket1 ,m4 ,! mat]ial to be extract$ re/s ^u a p]=at$ bottom1 b5ea? :i* ent]s ! pipe ,,hd1 :i* conducts ! /eam f ! boil]4 ,= ! m uni=m di/ribution ( ! /eam1 x is recomm5d$ to let ?is pipe end 9 a p]=at$ coil4 ,! wat] cond5s$ 9 ! app>atus itself is dis*>g$ ?r\gh ! %ort pipe ,h1 plac$ 9 ! l[e/ "p ( ! /ill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,an improv$ app>atus = di/ill+ dry sub/ances by /eam has be5 pat5t$ 9 ,g]many by ,messrs4 ,s*immel ,co41 ( ,leipzic4 ,! tall conical column at ! left 7,fig4 #f7 is ! /ill4 ,ab\t eight in*es f ! bottom is a p]=at$ diaphragm or false bottom1 ^u :i* ! mat]ial to be di/ill$ is plac$ by introduc+ x ?r\gh ! /ill-head4 ,a p]=at$ coil bel[ ! diaphragm projects /eam upw>ds ?r\gh ! mass1 :i* is occasionally agitat$ f )\t by means ( a horizontal /irr+ app>atus indicat$ by ! two crosses4 ,any cond5s$ wat] :i* may run back is conv]t$ into /eam by ! heat+ coil at ! bottom4 ,mean:ile1 ! mass itself is heat$ by a long coil l9+ ! body ( ! /ill & c>ry+ /eam at a high pressure4 ,:atev] ( volatile oil is c>ri$ =w>d by ! /eam passes ?r\gh ! /ill-head into ! cool] on ! "r1 :]e bo? oil & /eam are cond5s$1 & f :]e !y fl[ ?r\gh a small funnel tube into ?ree successive receiv]s1 :i* are arrang$ l ,flor5t9e flasks1 & :i* reta9 ! volatile oil t has sep>at$4 ,f ! la/ receiv] ! wat]1 :i* is /ill impregnat$ ) oil1 ent]s ano!r res]voir1 %[n 9 ! illu/ration only by dots1 & f !re x fl[s into a small globul> /ill situat$ und]nea?2 9 :i*1 by means ( /eam1 ne>ly all ! oil /ill reta9$ is aga9 volatiliz$ ) ! /eam ( ! wat] & bo? aga9 conduct$ to ! cool]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,attempts h be5 made to effect ! di/illation ( volatile oils )\t ! use ( /eam by means ( hot air1 b comp>ative exp]im5ts h %[n t less oil is obta9$4 ,) ! use ( /eam1 ! vegetable sub/ances swell up by ! absorption ( wat]1 & ?us af=d a free passage to ! oil1 lib]at$ f ! sacs conta9+ x4 ,) ! use ( hot air1 on ! o!r h&1 ! surface ( ! plant is completely dri$ & %rivels to a h>d solid mass1 :i* (f]s consid]able resi/ance to ! process ( di/illation4 ,?is injuri\s effect ( hot air c be some:at ov]come by ?or\ghly moi/5+ ! plants to be di/ill$1 & all[+ ! hot air1 be=e ent]+ ! /ill1 to pass ?r\gh a pipe fill$ ) sponges con/antly kept wet4 ,b ?is process (f]s no advantages ov] t by /eam4 ,! app>atus requir$ is f> m complicat$2 &1 besides1 a v5tilator has to be provid$ = =c+ ! hot air ?r\gh ! app>atus4 ,sep>ation ( ! oil & wat]4--,z previ\sly m5tion$ ! specific gravity ( mo/ volatile oils is less ?an t ( wat]4 ,?is behavior is utiliz$ = ! sep>ation ( ! oil & wat]1 by means ( a s-call$ ,flor5t9e flask 7,fig4 #g74 ,x consi/s ( a glass flask provid$ ne> ! bottom ) a pipe1 a1 ris+ v]tically to ne> ! neck c ( ! flask :]e x is b5t d[nw>ds z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! mix$ liquid ( wat] & oil drips f ! cool+ pipe into ! flask1 & ! wat] w1 be+ specifically heavi]1 sep>ates f ! oil float+ on ! top1 & gradually asc5ds 9 ! pipe a1 f9ally fl[+ ov] at d4 ,oils specifically heavi] ?an wat] are caught 9 receiv]s provid$ ) a dis*>ge-pipe ne> ! m\? ( ! flask z %[n 9 ,fig4 #h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #h4 ,! oil deliv]$ f ! receiv]s is1 h[ev]1 /ill mix$ ) "s wat]1 dirt1 etc41 & = _! sep>ation is all[$ to /& quietly = "s "t4 ,! f9al sep>ation is effect$ ei!r by simply p\r+ (f ! oil1 especially if l>g] quantities h to be h&l$1 or ) ! assi/ance ( a sep>ator-funnel 7,fig4 #i74 ,?is consi/s ( ! glass-funnel ,t secur$ to ! /& ,g1 & provid$ ) a close-fitt+ lid1 ,p4 ,! fluid is p\r$ into ! funnel1 ! lid plac$ 9 position1 & ! :ole all[$ to re/ until ! wat] ,w is completely sep>at$ f ! oil ,o4 ,! oil is !n sep>at$ f ! la/ drops ( wat] by c>efully op5+ ! faucet ,h4 ,mo/ volatile oils are obta9$ by di/illation1 b ?is me?od is n practicable = sep>at+ ! odorif]\s pr9ciple ( _m ( ! mo/ sweet-sc5t$ & delicate fl[]s1 p>tially because ! fl[]s conta9 too little oil1 & p>tially because ! oil w\ld lose 9 quality if obta9$ by di/illation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4 ,extraction4--,= obta9+ ! volatile oils by extraction v>i\s solv5ts su* z e!r1 bisulphide ( c>bon1 etc41 may be employ$4 ,c>efully rectifi$ petroleum-e!r is v suitable = ! purpose4 ,x completely evaporates at ab\t #abb ,f41 & :5 suffici5tly purifi$ does n possess a disagreeable odor4 ,! process ( extraction is briefly z foll[s3 ,! mat]ial to be extract$ is treat$ 9 a dige/] ) petroleum-e!r or "o ( ! above-nam$ solv5ts4 ,! solution is !n drawn (f & ! solv5t evaporat$ 9 a /ill4 ,! recond5s$ solv5t fl[s imm$iately back into ! dige/] & fur!r extracts ! mat]ial conta9$ !re94 ,! op]ation is repeat$ until no?+ soluble rema9s4 ,9 practice "s difficulties are1 h[ev]1 connect$ ) ?is process s9ce1 besides ! volatile oils1 res9s1 & color+ & extractive sub/ances are dissolv$1 :i* h to be remov$1 z well z ! la/ traces ( ! solv5t1 z o!rwise ! oil w\ld acquire a =eign odor4 ,fur!r ! solv5ts m5tion$ are v volatile & inflammable1 requir+ ! greate/ precautions z reg>ds fire4 ,= ^! reasons ! extraction process is n suitable = _m purposes1 & ?\gh at fir/ great hopes 7 ent]ta9$ 9 reg>d to x1 its use is limit$ to sub/ances ) a l>ge cont5t ( volatile oil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4 ,= extraction on a small scale1 ! app>atus1 ,fig4 #aj1 is a v suitable "o4 ,x is especially adapt$ = manufactur]s ( p]fum]y1 :o wi% to extract fre% fl[]s4 ,x consi/s ( a cyl9drical vessel1 ,c1 ( t9 plate1 provid$ on ! bottom ) ! /op-cock a & ! pipe b4 ,! lid ,d fits into a gutt]1 ,r1 runn+ ar\nd ! edge ( ,c1 & is h]metically clos$ by wat] 9 ,r4 ,! cyl9d] is fill$ ) ! vegetable sub/ance to be extract$1 & suffici5t petroleum-e!r or bisulphide ( c>bon to cov] x1 p\r$ 94 ,! lid is !n adju/$1 ! gutt] ,r fill$ ) wat] & ! app>atus all[$ to /& quietly = =ty m9utes4 ,to remove ! fluid f ! cyl9d]1 ! faucet o 9 ! lid is fir/ op5$1 & !n ! /op-cock a2 ! fluid escapes at b1 & is caught 9 a well-clos$ vessel4 ,! op]ation may be repeat$ once or twice1 or ! vegetable sub/ance is press$ out by means ( a wood5 plate1 & ! app>atus fill$ anew4 ,! faucet h s]ves = empty+ ! gutt] ,r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4 ,extraction be+ f9i%$1 ! cock o is op5$1 & !n ! cock a1 & ! fluid all[$ to run into ! flask ( ! di/ill+ app>atus 7,fig4 #b74 ,= work+ on a l>ge scale1 ! flask is1 h[ev]1 too small1 & is suitably replac$ by a bottle-%ap$ t9 vessel1 ,f 7,fig4 #aa71 ! conical cov] ,d ( :i* is secur$ by means ( ! rubb] r+ ,r & iron screw-clamps1 ,s4 ,a b5t glass tube fitt$ into ! cov] is connect$ ) ! cool+-pipe ( ! app>atus %[n 9 ,fig4 #b4 ,b ! oils prep>$ by extraction are n suffici5tly purifi$ by m]e rectification1 z traces ( ! solv5t adh]e t5aci\sly to !m1 :i* c only be remov$ by pass+ a curr5t ( air ?r\gh ! oil4 ,b contact ) air has an injuri\s effect ^u ! delicacy ( ! odor4 ,= exp5sive oils a curr5t ( air %\ld !re=e nev] be us$1 b "o ( pure c>bonic acid4 ,fig4 #ab %[s a suitable app>atus = ! purpose4 ,! l>ge bottle ,a1 fill$ half full ) pieces ( :ite m>ble1 is clos$ ) a d\bly-p]=at$ cork2 ?r\gh "o ( ! holes is ins]t$ a funnel-tube1 & ?r\gh ! o!r a %ort tube b5t at a "r angle4 ,! latt] is connect$ ) ano!r tube :i* rea*es to ! bottom ( ! vessel ,b1 9 :i* is also ins]t$ a tube op5 9 ! bottom1 & a %ort tube b5t at a "r angle4 ,alongside ,b /&s ano!r vessel1 ,c1 arrang$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,! tube lead+ f ,c is connect$ ) a t9 pipe1 ,d1 ) a rose-l expansion on its l[] end4 ,?is pipe is ins]t$ 9 ! glass balloon conta9+ ! volatile oil4 ,f9ally1 a pipe leads to ! flask ,f1 fill$ ) wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4 ,to put ! app>atus 9 op]ation1 /rongly dilut$ hydro*loric acid is p\r$ ?r\gh ! funnel-tube ^u ! pieces ( m>ble 9 ,a1 :i* causes ! developm5t ( a curr5t ( c>bonic acid4 ,b z ! latt] c>ries along wat] & hydro*loric acid1 x has to be fre$ f !m be=e com+ 9 contact ) ! volatile oil4 ,! vessels ,b & ,c s]ve = ! purpose4 ,b is half fill$ ) wat]1 :ile ,c conta9s /rong sulphuric acid4 ,9 ,b ! hydro*loric acid c>ri$ along ) ! curr5t ( c>bonic acid is reta9$1 :ile ! wat] is fix$ on ! sulphuric acid 9 ,c4 ,! curr5t ( c>bonic acid pass+ out f ,c is p]fectly pure1 & ent]s ! volatile oil ?r\gh ! f9e p]=ations 9 ! pipe ,d4 ,x absorbs ! traces ( solv5t /ill adh]+ to ! oil1 & f9ally passes out ?r\gh ! wat] 9 ! bottle ,f4 ,volatile oils obta9$ by extraction1 & purifi$ by a curr5t ( c>bonic acid1 w keep = ye>s )\t und]go+ alt]ation1 if plac$ imm$iately 9 h]metically clos$ vessels & /or$ 9 a d>k place4 ,oils purifi$ by a curr5t ( air always become some:at ?ickly fluid by /or+1 & p>tially lose _! f9e odor1 :i* is due to ! oxyg5 absorb$ dur+ ! process4 ,= ! extraction ( oil on a l>g] scale1 ! app>atus %[n 9 ,fig4 #ac is v suitable4 ,x consi/s ( two pr9cipal p>ts1 ! actual extract+ vessel ,e1 & ! /ill ,b4 ,! extract+ vessel ,e sits 9 a vat conta9+ cold wat]1 ,w1 ! arrangem5t be+ su* t ! heat$ wat] c be remov$ & replac$ by cold4 ,! /ill ,b sits 9 a boil]1 ,k1 fill$ ) hot wat]4 ,! app>atus is *>g$ z foll[s3 ,! conical head ,c ( ! extract+ vessel ,e is unscrew$ & its connection at ,h ) ! pipe ,r loos5$4 ,! extract+ vessel is !n *>g$ ) ! vegetable sub/ance1 ! head ,c replac$1 & ! connection ) ! pipe ,r re/or$4 ,! cocks ,h#b & ,h#d are !n op5$1 & ! requir$ quantity ( solv5t is br\ght into ! /ill4 ,bo? cocks are !n clos$1 & ! cocks ,h & ,h#a op5$4 ,! wat] 9 ! boil] is !n heat$ until ! cont5ts ( ! /ill comm5ce to boil4 ,! vapor ( ! solv5t asc5ds ?r\gh ! pipe ,r2 on ent]+ ! extract+ vessel ,e x is cond5s$1 & aft] fall+ z a spray ^u ! mat]ial to be extract$1 f9ally returns impregnat$ ) volatile oil to ! /ill ,b4 ,"h ! solv5t is revaporiz$1 & passes aga9 ?r\gh ! mat]ial 9 ! extract+ vessel1 :ile ! extract$ oil rema9s 9 ! /ill4 ,dur+ ! boil+ ( ! solv5t ! extract+ vessel mu/ be suitably cool$ by ! con/ant admission ( cold wat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4 ,:5 extraction is f9i%$1 ! cocks ,h & ,h#a are clos$1 & ! cock ,h#b1 :i* is connect$ ) a cool+ worm1 is op5$4 ,! solv5t is !n evaporat$1 & rega9$ by cond5sation4 ,! oil is dis*>g$1 f ! /ill ?r\gh a pipe 9 ! bottom provid$ ) ! cock ,h#c4 ,! app>atus may also be s arrang$ t ! /ill ,b is connect$ ) two extract+ vessels :i* are us$ alt]nately1 :ile ! cont5ts ( "o are be+ extract$ ! o!r is empti$ & refill$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4 ,= work+ on a v l>ge scale1 ,heyl's extract+ app>atus1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #ad1 is v suitable4 ,x consi/s ( a batt]y ( f\r or m ca/ iron or %eet iron cyl9d]s1 ,a#a to ,a#d1 communicat+ ) ea* o!r & surr\nd$ by /eam jackets4 ,! extract+ vessels are s arrang$ t !y c be empti$ by tilt+1 :i* is r inconv5i5t1 z all ! pipes h to be unscrew$4 ,9 ea* cyl9d] close above ! bottom is a p]=at$ plate cov]$ ) f9e wire-gauze1 ^u :i* ! mat]ial to be extract$ is plac$4 ,! cyl9d] is fill$ to ! top1 &1 aft] plac+ a simil> plate ^u x1 ! upp] op5+ is clos$ by a lid susp5d$ to a crane4 ,! cyl9d]1 z well z ! lid1 is provid$ ) a broad flange1 betwe5 :i* is plac$ a hemp tissue firmly press$ toge!r by #ab clamps to s]ve = pack+4 ,aft] fill+ ! cyl9d]s ) ! mat]ial to be extract$ & arrang+ ! pack+1 ! solv5t 7bisulphide ( c>bon7 is conduct$ f a res]voir ?r\gh ! pr9cipal pipe1 ,b1 to ! extract+ vessels1 & is introduc$ into ,a#b by op5+ ! cock ,c#b1 :i* communicates ) ! pipe ,b4 ,! bisulphide ( c>bon passes ?r\gh ! b5t pipe ,d#a1 ent]s ?r\gh ! cock ,e#b1 bel[ ! false bottom ( ! cyl9d] ,a#b1 &1 aft] p5etrat+ ! mass & fill+ ! cyl9d]1 runs ?r\gh ! cock ,c#b ( ! b5t pipe ,d#b1 & ! cock ,e#c into ! cyl9d] ,a#c1 rea*+ ! f\r? cyl9d] 9 ! same mann] ?r\gh ! cock ,c#c1 ! pipe ,d#c1 & ! cock ,e#d4 ,f ! la/ cyl9d] x passes z a ?or\ghly saturat$ oil solution into a res]voir1 9 :i* a vacuum has be5 creat$ to promote ! circulation ( ! fluid 9 ! entire app>atus4 ,aft] a quantity ( oil solution correspond+ to ! cont5ts ( ! cyl9d] ,a#d has arriv$1 ! cock ,g#d is clos$ & ! cock ,c#d op5$1 :]eby ! cyl9d] ,a#d is connect$ ) ,a#a by ! b5t pipe ,d#d & ! cock ,e#a4 ,aft] ! exhau/ion ( ! cont5ts ( ! cyl9d] ,a#b1 :i* is recogniz$ by means ( ! glass tube ,h#b plac$ on ,d#b by ! fluid runn+ (f be+ colorless1 ! cocks ,c#a & ,e#b are clos$1 & ,c#b & ,e#c op5$1 :]eby ! solv5t runs into ,a#c1 & f !re to ,a#d & ,a#a2 ,a#b be+ omitt$4 ,to effect ?is omission1 & at ! same "t n to prev5t ! introduction ( bisulphide ( c>bon1 ,c#a1 ,c#b1 ,c#c1 & ,c#d1 are s-call$ two-way cocks1 :i*1 :5 plac$ 9 "o position1 connect ! pr9cipal pipe ,b ) ! bran* pipes ,d1 b int]rupt a fur!r fl[ ?r\gh ! pr9cipal pipe ,b2 :ile 9 ! o!r position !y close ! pipes ,d & op5 ! pr9cipal pipe ,b4 ,! cyl9d] ,a#b is1 h[ev]1 /ill fill$ ) ! solv5t & mat]ial saturat$ ) x4 ,to remove ! solv5t1 ! dis*>ge cock ,k#b on ! bottom ( ! cyl9d] is op5$1 :i* communicates ) ! dis*>ge pipe ,j1 ?r\gh :i* ! bisulphide ( c>bon is conduct$ into a res]voir4 ,! dis*>ge is promot$ by op5+ ! cock ,m#b1 connect$ ) ! pipe ,l1 & ! admittance ( compress$ air1 :i* displaces ! liquid solv5t4 ,aft] ! fl[ ( ! latt] has ceas$1 ! /eam cocks on ! jacket ,o#b & ! cyl9d] ,p#b are op5$ "u con/ant admission ( air & simultane\s introduction ( /eam ?r\gh ! pipe ,n into ! upp] "p ( ! cyl9d]4 ,! solv5t 7bisulphide ( c>bon7 conv]t$ into vapor by ! heat1 is conduct$ toge!r ) ! aque\s vapor1 by ! admission ( air ?r\gh ! cock ,k#b1 ! pipe ,j1 & a cool+ pipe plac$ betwe5 ! extract+ vessels & ! res]voir1 & collect$ 9 a res]voir to be re-us$4 ,on acc\nt ( ! great volatility ( bisulphide ( c>bon1 consid]able loss w\ld1 h[ev]1 be incurr$ by ! above-m5tion$ admission ( air4 ,to avoid ?is1 ! res]voir s]v+ = ! reception ( ! cond5s$ bisulphide ( c>bon & aque\s vapor is clos$1 & connect$ by a pipe ) a long1 n>r[1 horizontal cyl9d] half fill$ ) oil1 & provid$ ) a fan-%aft4 ,! vapors ( bisulphide ( c>bon ent]+ ! cyl9d] f ! res]voir are absorb$1 toge!r ) ! air by ! oil1 ! surface ( :i* is con/antly agitat$ by ! fan-%aft1 :ile ! air1 r5d]$ entirely inodor\s1 passes out at ! o!r end4 ,! bisulphide ( c>bon is f9ally sep>at$ f ! oil by di/illation & aga9 us$4 ,aft] ! cyl9d] ,a#b is suffici5tly /eam$1 x is empti$ & aga9 *>g$ ) mat]ial & connect$ ) ! cyl9d] ,a#a2 :ile ! o!r cyl9d]s und]go ! same manipulations describ$ above4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4 ,! saturat$ oil solution is subject$ to di/illation1 :i* is readily effect$ 9 ,heyl's app>atus1 ,fig4 #ae4 ,! l[] "p ( ! /ill ,a ( boil] plate is surr\nd$ by ! /eam-jacket ,b1 into :i* /eam is admitt$ ?r\gh ,c & ! cond5s$ wat] dis*>g$ ?r\gh ,d4 ,! conc5trat$ oil solution runs f a res]voir1 /&+ at a high] level ?r\gh ! pipe ,e into ! /ill1 ! admission ( a suffici5t quantity be+ indicat$ by ! gauge ,f4 ,! bisulphide ( c>bon br\ght to ! boil+ po9t 7#aad ,f47 by ! /eam introduc$ into ! jacket1 vaporizes quickly2 ! vaporization be+ /ill m accel]at$ by revolv+ ! /irr] ,h1 by means ( ! crank ,g4 ,! vapors ( bisulphide ( c>bon escape ?r\gh f\r op5+s 9 ! upp] "p ( ! /ill1 into a capaci\s worm1 ! l[] "p ( :i* ent]s1 "u wat]1 a res]voir4 ,not)/&+ ! volatility ( bisulphide ( c>bon1 ! oil reta9s a portion ( x s t5aci\sly t a complete sep>ation _c be accompli%$ by ! introduction ( /eam into ! jacket ,b4 ,h5ce1 9 ord] to vaporize ! la/ traces ( ! solv5t1 air is introduc$ into ! oil ?r\gh ! pipe ,k1 ! l[] end ( :i* is p]=at$4 ,aft] complet$ di/illation ! oil is dis*>g$ ?r\gh ,l4 ,mac]ation or infusion4--,?is process is employ$ = fl[]s ) an inconsid]able cont5t ( volatile oil or ^: odorif]\s sub/ance w\ld suff] decomposition or alt]ation by di/illation4 ,! process is f\nd$ on ! aff9ity ( odorif]\s sub/ances = fatty bodies :i*1 :5 impregnat$ ) !m1 are call$ pomades4 ,^! are aft]w>ds made to yield ! aroma to /rong alcohol1 s t f9ally !re is obta9$ a solution ( ! volatile oil 9 alcohol f :i* ! pure oil is obta9$ by di/ill+ (f ! alcohol4 ,! fat us$1 olive oil1 l>d1 etc41 %\ld be entirely neutral1 i4 e41 free f e trace ( acid4 ,! fats are purifi$ by treat+ !m sev]al times 9 ! heat ) weak soda-lye & !n wa%+ c>efully ) wat] until ! la/ traces ( ! lye are remov$1 & ! fat %[s no alkal9e or acid reaction4 ,) ! use ( olive oil ! s-call$ ,huiles antiques are obta9$1 :i* are m]ely solutions ( volatile oils 9 ! fix$ oil4 ,by ! use ( l>d1 etc41 ! g5u9e pomades are obta9$1 :i* are directly us$ z exp5sive articles ( p]fum]y1 b 9 ! factories s]ve z a />t+ po9t = ! prep>ation ( volatile oils4 ,! old process ( mac]ation1 :i* is /ill 9 use 9 "s p>ts ( ,france1 is z foll[s3 ,a c]ta9 quantity ( fat is plac$ 9 an enamel$ iron or porcela9 pan provid$ ) a wat] or /eam ba?4 ,:5 ! fat is melt$1 ! fre%ly ga!r$ fl[]s f :i* ! aroma is to be extract$ are ?r[n 9 & left to dige/ = f twelve to tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 ! fat be+ kept fluid & /irr$ frequ5tly4 ,:5 ! fl[]s are completely exhau/$1 ! fat is /ra9$ f !m into fre% pots1 9 :i* x is aga9 mac]at$ ) fre% fl[]s z be=e4 ,?is op]ation is repeat$ t5 to fifte5 times until ! pomade has acquir$ ! desir$ /r5g?4 ,exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 has %[n t volatile oils prep>$ by ?is process possess a f9] odor ! %ort] ! "t ! fl[]s rema9 9 contact ) ! fat4 ,piv] has devis$ an app>atus :i* r$uces ! "t ( mac]ation to ! %orte/ p]iod possible4 ,! kettle to ! left1 ,fig4 #af1 supplies ! fat heat$ to ! prop] temp]ature1 :i* circulates sl[ly ?r\gh ! mac]at+ tank1 9 :i* a con/ant temp]ature ( #adi ,f4 is ma9ta9$ by means ( a /eam pipe4 ,! mac]at+ tank is divid$ into comp>tm5ts1 9 :i* baskets conta9+ ! vegetable sub/ance to be extract$ are susp5d$4 ,! basket on ! left conta9s ! sub/ance :i* has pass$ ?r\gh all ! comp>tm5ts2 x is f "t to "t remov$1 fill$ ) fre% sub/ance1 & !n atta*$ to ! "r1 ! o!r baskets be+ mov$ to ! next comp>tm5t to ! left4 ,9 ?is way ! fre% sub/ance has to trav]se ea* comp>tm5t f "r to left1 :ile ! fat fl[s sl[ly f left to "r1 & saturat$ ) ! p]fume ( ! sub/ance collects 9 ! tank on ! extreme "r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af4 ,mac]ation is employ$ = ! fl[]s ( ! orange 7citrus aurantum71 ( ! mock orange 7,philadelphus coron>ius71 ( ! acacia 7acacia ,f>nesiana71 ( ! violet 7viola odorata71 ( ! mignonette 7rsda odorata71 etc4 ,! process ( absorption1 or enfleurage1 z x is call$ by ! ,fr5*1 is *iefly made use ( = procur+ ! odorif]\s pr9ciple ( v delicate fl[]s1 ! delici\s odor ( :i* w\ld be greatly modifi$1 if n entirely spoil$1 by ! application ( heat4 ,! old] app>atus employ$ = ! purpose consi/s ( a numb] ( %all[ wood5 frames ( ab\t #aeah in*es1 inclos+ at half _! dep? a %eet ( glass4 ,! edges ( ! frame rise ab\t an in* above ea* surface ( ! glass1 &1 be+ flat1 ! frames /& securely ^u "o ano!r1 =m+ (t5 consid]able /acks4 ,^! frames are call$ *assis1 ^? j describ$ be+ t]m$ *assis aux vitres1 or *assis aux pomades1 to di/+ui% !m f a diff]5t =m1 :i* is us$ :]e oil has to be submitt$ to ! process ( absorption4 ,! process 9 ! case ( pomade is z foll[s3 ,ea* %eet ( glass is uni=mly coat$ ) a ?9 lay] ( purifi$ grease1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! grease does n come 9 contact ) ! woodwork ( ! frames4 ,! fl[]s are !n ?9ly spr9kl$1 or r laid1 "o by "o1 ^u ! surface ( ! fat1 :]e !y are all[$ to rema9 "o or two days1 :5 !y are remov$ & replac$ by fre% ones4 ,! op]ation is ?us cont9u$ = tw5ty-five or ?irty days1 until ! fat is saturat$ ) aroma4 ,! frames *>g$ ) fat & fl[]s are /ack$ "o ^u ! o!r1 =m+1 9 fact1 a numb] ( little rectangul> *amb]s4 ,= p]fum+ oils a metal sieve1 ,fig4 #ag1 is sub/itut$ = ! glass plate4 ,^u ! sieve a piece ( ?ick cotton clo? saturat$ ) oil is laid1 & ^u ?is ! fl[]s are scatt]$1 & left !re until fre% ones h to be sub/itut$4 ,! op]ation is repeat$ until ! oil is suffici5tly impregnat$ ) aroma1 :5 ! clo? is subject$ to pressure & ! express$ oil filt]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4 ,?is process is v t$i\s1 requir+ mu* labor & a long "t = ! impregnation ( ! fat or oil1 b1 not)/&+ its faults1 x is /ill pursu$ to a great ext5t1 "s ,fr5* firms us+ #cjjj su* frames dur+ ! season4 ,) ! app>atus1 %[n 9 ,fig4 #ah1 ! process ( absorption c1 h[ev]1 be conduct$ ) v little exp5se ( labor & "t4 ,x has ! fur!r advantage t ! fl[]s d n come 9 direct contact ) ! fat1 :]eby a sav+ ( ! latt] is effect$1 & x is less liable to rancidity4 ,! app>atus consi/s ( a tall wood5 box provid$ ) doors :i* c be h]metically clos$4 ,9 ! box are plac$ ^u brackets a numb] ( glass plates1 g1 s arrang$ "o above ! o!r t1 = in/ance1 ^? ) unev5 numb]s are on ! left side1 leav+ an op5 space to ! "r1 :ile ^? ) ev5 numb]s are arrang$ on ! "r side ) an op5 space to ! left4 ,f ! bottom ( ! box a pipe passes into a %eet-iron cyl9d]1 ,k1 fill$ loosely ) fl[]s1 & provid$ ) lat]al op5+s1 ,o & ,o4 ,f ! lid ( ! box ,k asc5ds a pipe1 e1 :i* is connect$ ) a small v5tilat+ app>atus kept 9 motion by a clockwork & weights4 ,?is v5tilator :5 9 motion sucks a curr5t ( air ?r\gh ! app>atus4 ,! air ent]s ! cyl9d] ,k at ,o1 & aft] asc5d+ ?r\gh ! fl[]s & becom+ impregnat$ ) ! vapors ( ! volatile oil ent]s ?r\gh ! op5+ ,o into ! box ,k &1 9 pass+ 9 ! direction indicat$ by arr[s1 ov] ! plates coat$ ) fat1 yields its aroma to !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4 ,ano!r app>atus = ! same purpose1 devis$ by ,piv]1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ai4 ,! fat is conv]t$ into ?9 mac>oni-l ?reads & br\ght ^u wire gauze /ret*$ 9 frames4 ,! fl[]s to be extract$ are pil$ ^u t9n$ metallic plates1 & ! trays conta9+ ! fat & ! fl[]s are plac$ 9 an air-tight *amb] arrang$ z %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,! air 9 ! *amb] is made to circulate to & fro by ! work+ ( a bell[s ) :i* ! app>atus is provid$1 :]eby ! fat is caus$ to absorb ! odor ( ! fl[]s v rapidly & is less liable to rancidity4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4 ,! absorption process is employ$ = ! fl[]s ( ! jasm9e 7jasm9um od]atissimum71 ! mignonnette 7rsda odorata71 ! violet 7viola tricolor71 ! tub]ose 7polian!s tub]osa71 etc4 ,/orage ( volatile oils4--,9 /or+ volatile oils1 !y %\ld be c>efully protect$ f light & air4 ,"s oils become d>k] on exposure to light1 :ile o!rs1 = in/ance1 lemon oil1 become colorless4 ,mo/ volatile oils1 z previ\sly m5tion$1 absorb oxyg5 f ! air ) avidity & comb9e *emically ) x4 ,?9ly-fluid oils become p]ceptibly m ?ickly-fluid & f9ally ev5 rigid1 ! product ( oxidation be+ a res9\s body4 ,"s volatile oils conta9+ aldehydes are conv]t$1 by ! absorption ( oxyg51 into acids1 c9namic acid be+1 = in/ance1 =m$ 9 c9namon oil1 & b5zoic acid 9 oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,to prev5t evaporation1 z well z ! above-m5tion$ effects ( light & air1 ! volatile oils %\ld be pres]v$ 9 n too l>ge glass bottles kept z full z possible1 & clos$ ) a good cork1 ov] :i* x is be/ to tie a piece ( bladd]4 ,! bottles %\ld be /or$ 9 a cool1 %ady place4 ,! pres]vation ( ! oils is assi/$ by ! addition ( #j4e to #a p] c5t4 ( anhydr\s alcohol4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,te/+ ,,volatile ,,oils4 ,volatile oils are mu* adult]at$1 ! adult]ations consi/+ *iefly 9 mix+ an exp5sive oil ) a *eap] "o & ) alcohol2 m r>ely ) *lor(orm & fat oils4 ,to ^! adult]ations1 :i* h be5 common = _m ye>s1 has rec5tly be5 add$ ! previ\sly m5tion$ hydroc>bon call$ t]p5e or camph5e1 :i* is sep>at$ 9 ! prep>ation ( conc5trat$ oils4 ,= ! recognition ( ! quality ( a volatile oil1 s]ve fir/ ( all its physical prop]ties1 especially its color1 odor & ta/e4 ,! specific gravity v>ies too mu* & is n always a suffici5t crit]ion4 ,reag5ts c only be employ$ ) a few oils4 ,! *emical detection ( adult]ations is r5d]$ especially difficult by ! fact1 t mo/ ( ! volatile oils =m a mixture ( t]p5es ) o!r comb9ations1 9 :i* ! sep>ate con/itu5t p>ts d n appe> 9 fix$1 b 9 *angeable proportions1 & 9 :i* ! con/itu5ts !mselves suff] alt]ation by /or+1 air & light4 ,odor & ta/e are s *>act]i/ic = e volatile oil z to suffice 9 mo/ cases4 ,= te/+ z to odor1 br+ a drop ( ! oil to be exam9$ ^u ! dry palm ( "o h& & = "s "t rub ) ! o!r1 :]eby ! odor is m p]ceptibly br\ght out4 ,to det]m9e ! ta/e1 vigor\sly %ake "o drop ( ! oil ) #ae to #bj grammes ( di/ill$ wat] & !n te/ ) ! tongue4 ,an adult]ation ) fat oil 7poppy oil1 ca/or oil7 may be recogniz$ z foll[s3 ,place a drop ( ! suspect$ oil ^u blott+ pap] & expose x to ! heat ( ! wat] ba?4 ,if x evaporates completely & no /a9 is p]ceptible1 ! oil is pure4 ,b frequ5tly a transp>5t /a9 rema9s ) old oils )\t _! be+ adult]at$1 :i* is due to ! res9 =m$ by ! absorption ( oxyg5 & rema9+ dissolv$ 9 ! oil4 ,9 ?is case a transp>5t r+ is g5]ally =m$ by ! conc5tration ( ! res9 on ! edges ( ! /a94 ,if no tangible results are obta9$ by ?is te/1 p\r a few cubic c5timet]s ( ! oil ^u a wat*-cry/al & heat x v sl[ly ^u a piece ( %eet-iron1 until all ! odor has disappe>$4 ,if ! wat*-cry/al becomes empty 9 a %ort "t1 no?+ b volatile oil 0 pres5t2 b if a visc\s residue rema9s1 ?is may consi/ ei!r ( fatty oil or res91 or ( bo?4 ,treat ! residue ) /rong alcohol2 if x dissolves x may be res9 or ca/or oil4 ,dilute ! solution ) mu* wat]2 a :ite floccul5t turbidity indicates res92 ! sep>ation ( an oily liquid1 aft] /&+1 ca/or oil4 ,if ! residue rema9s undissolv$1 x consi/s ( a fatty oil1 g5]ally oil ( almond or olive4 ,! pres5ce ( ca/or oil c be accurately det]m9$ by br++ ! residue f ! wat*-cry/al into a te/-tube by means ( a glass-rod1 & comp\nd+ x ) a few drops ( nitric acid4 ,a /rong developm5t ( gas takes place1 aft] ! cessation ( :i*1 solution ( c>bonate ( soda is add$ z long z !re is any sign ( eff]vesc5ce4 ,if ! add$ oil 0 ca/or oil1 ! cont5ts ( ! te/-tube w %[ a peculi> odor due to nan?ylic acid =m$ by ! action ( nitric acid ^u ca/or oil4 ,ano!r me?od ( e/abli%+ ! pres5ce ( fat oil consi/s 9 mix+ ! suspect$ oil ) eight times its quantity ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol 7specific gravity #j4hbc74 ,if ! oil is unadult]at$ a cle> solution is =m$2 if x conta9s fat oil1 ! latt] rema9s undissolv$4 ,! pres5ce ( ca/or oil1 :i* ( ! fat oils is *iefly us$ = adult]ation1 is1 h[ev]1 n %[n by ?is me?od1 x be+ also soluble 9 alcohol4 ,a p]man5t /a9 ^u ! pap] may1 h[ev]1 also be =m$ by fre% oils obta9$ by expression f ! respective p>ts ( ! plant4 ,?us1 lemon oil obta9$ by expression f ! peel1 & :i* has a f> m agreeable odor ?an t produc$ by di/illation1 always leaves beh9d a slight grease-/a94 ,detection ( alcohol or _s ( w9e4--,indep5d5t ( ! alcohol add$ to assi/ ! pres]vation ( "s oils1 adult]ation ) alcohol frequ5tly occurs1 especially 9 exp5sive oils4 ,) a cont5t ( n m ?an #c p] c5t4 ( alcohol1 x suffices to all[ "o to two drops ( ! suspect$ oil to fall into wat]4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( alcohol1 ! drop becomes ei!r imm$iately surr\nd$ ) a milky zone1 or x becomes turbid or :iti% aft] be+ = "s "t 9 contact ) ! wat]4 ,drag5dorff's te/ is bas$ ^u ! fact t oils1 :i* are hydroc>bons1 suff] no *ange by ! addition ( sodium 7t5 drops ( oil & a small *ip ( sodium71 :ile oils conta9+ hydroc>bons & oxyg5at$ oils cause ) sodium a slight evolution ( hydrog5 gas1 & suff] b a slight *ange dur+ ! fir/ five to t5 m9utes ( ! reaction4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! oil is adult]at$ ) alcohol1 n only a viol5t evolution ( hydrog5 gas takes place1 b ! oil 9 a %ort "t becomes br[n or d>k br[n1 ?ickly fluid or rigid4 ,! detection ( alcohol by means ( fu*s9e1 :i* has be5 frequ5tly recomm5d$1 requires special precautions4 ,x mu/ fir/ be asc]ta9$ t ! oil is free f acids & wat]2 if su* is n ! case1 !y mu/ be remov$ by means ( cau/ic pota%4 ,aft] settl+1 br+1 by means ( a dry pipette1 ab\t five cubic c5timet]s ( ! oil into a dry te/-tube ab\t t5 millimet]s 9 diamet]1 )\t moi/5+ ! walls ( ! upp] half ( ! tube4 ,!n br+1 by means ( a pap] gutt]1 a few milligrammes ( co>sely-p[d]$ fu*s9e into ! dry "p ( ! obliquely held tube1 at a di/ance ( "o c5timet] f ! oil4 ,n[ heat gradually ov] a lamp until ! tube beg9s to t>ni%4 ,) pure oil no evaporation is obs]v$1 b if ! oil conta9s only #j4a p] c5t4 ( alcohol1 e speck ( fu*s9e w1 aft] heat+ to boil+ & sett+ aside1 be surr\nd$ by a /a9 produc$ by ! alcoholic solution4 ,! *ief requirem5t = ?is te/ is t ! oil be free f wat]4 ,if su* is n ! case1 vapors w be obs]v$1 :i* cond5se 9 ! upp] portion ( ! te/-tube1 & dissolve fu*s9e1 &1 aft] fl[+ back1 s9k bel[ ! oil ) a crackl+ noise4 ,if ! oil conta9s alcohol1 ! cond5s+ vapors dissolve fu*s9e ) great] ease1 & 9 fl[+ back mix )\t crackl+4 ,hag]'s tann9 te/ is v reliable4 ,br+ into a te/-tube #e to #aj drops ( ! oil to be exam9$1 add a piece ( tann9 ! size ( a pea1 %ake s t ! tann9 is moi/5$ by ! oil1 & let ! :ole /& at a temp]ature ( #ei to #fh ,f4 ,9 mo/ volatile oils tann9 is insoluble1 &1 if ! oil is pure1 floats = days on ! surface )\t *ange4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! oil conta9s alcohol1 ! tann9 absorbs ! latt]1 accord+ to ! quantity pres5t1 9 #c to #dh h\rs1 & =ms ) x a m or less transp>5t1 visc\s1 t\gh1 or sme>y mass resembl+ a s(t res91 :i* settles on ! bottom1 & adh]es s firmly to x1 z well z to ! sides ( ! tube1 t x _c be mov$ by %ak+4 ,! mass may be exam9$ z to its consi/5cy ) a knitt+ ne$le4 ,traces ( moi/ure 9 ! oil are n detrim5tal to ! te/1 ! tann9 mass sep>at+ 9 ! =m ( a hyal9e mass only 9 few oils1 & if ?is mass is te/$ ) ! knitt+ ne$le x w be f\nd n t\gh or sme>y1 b h>d1 & may sometimes be divid$ into small gra9s4 ,) oil ( bitt] almonds1 cassia oil1 & "s oils ( clove1 z well z volatile oil conta9+ an acid1 ! tann9 te/ is n available4 ,! fir/ two oils ev5 dissolve tann91 & l>ge quantities ( x1 if !y conta9 alcohol4 ,! above-m5tion$ oils may1 h[ev]1 be r5d]$ fit = ! tann9 te/ by mix+ !m ) d\ble _! volume ( b5z9e or petroleum-e!r1 & all[+ ! mixture to /& = two or ?ree days4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! oils conta9 mu* alcohol1 ! tann9 is dissolv$4 ,! use ( p[d]$ tann9 is n advisable1 because x g5]ally deposits 9 a ?9 lay] on ! bottom1 & its alt]ation is n s p]ceptible4 ,if1 = practical reasons1 a cont5t ( #j4e p] c5t4 anhydr\s alcohol might be accept$ z p]missible 9 a volatile oil1 ! tann9 te/ w\ld h to be s modifi$ z to mix #aj drops ( ! oil ) a piece ( tann9 ! size ( two peas1 & all[ ! :ole to /& = "o h\r4 ,9 ?is "t ! above-m5tion$ cont5t ( alcohol w\ld yield no result4 ,detection ( *lor(orm4--,an adult]ation ) *lor(orm1 if mod]ate1 _c always be detect$ by ! odor & ta/e4 ,9 mo/ cases1 *lor(orm w consid]ably increase ! specific gravity ( ! oil4 ,br+ into a te/-tube #ae drops ( ! suspect$ oil1 #de to #ij drops ( alcohol1 & #cj to #dj drops ( dilute sulphuric acid4 ,aft] ?or\gh %ak+1 add #b or #c %av+s ( z9c %eet & heat until a vigor\s evolution ( hydrog5 takes place4 ,aft] aga9 %ak+1 set ! :ole aside1 & heat aga9 :5 ! evolution ( gas becomes weak]4 ,?is heat+ & g5tle %ak+ ( ! fluid is sev]al times repeat$4 ,aft] #bj to #be m9utes1 comp\nd ! fluid ) an equal volume ( cold di/ill$ wat]1 %ake vigor\sly & filt] ?r\gh a pap]-filt] moi/5$ ) wat]4 ,/rongly acidulate ! filtrate ) nitric acid & comp\nd ) nitrate ( silv] solution4 ,if *lor(orm is pres5t1 turbidity or a precipitate ( *loride ( silv] appe>s4 ,detection ( b5z9e4--,an adult]ation ) b5z9e c be readily detect$ only 9 oils specifically heavi] ?an wat]4 ,! sep>ation ( b5z9e is effect$ by di/illation f a small glass flask 9 ! wat] ba?4 ,! di/illate toge!r ) an equal volume ( nitric acid ( #a4e specific gravity is g5tly heat$ 9 a te/-tube4 ,a too vigor\s reaction is modifi$ by cool+ 9 cold wat]1 & a too sluggi% action quick5$ by g5tle heat+ 7dipp+ 9 w>m wat]74 ,if ! mixture has a yell[ color1 dilute x ) wat]1 %ake ) e!r1 mix ! decant$ e!real solution ) alcohol & hydro*loric acid1 add "s z9c & place ! :ole 9 a lukew>m place to conv]t ! nitrob5zol =m$ into anil9e4 ,aft] evolution ( hydrog5 is done1 neutralize ) pota% lye1 %ake1 take (f ! lay] ( e!r1 let ! latt] evaporate & add to ! residue a few drops ( calcium *loride solution4 ,if b5z9e is pres5t1 a blue-violet color reaction takes place4 ,adult]ations ) alcohol1 *lor(orm1 & b5z9e are quantitatively det]m9$ by br++ a weigh$ quantity ( ! oil into a glass flask s t x occupies ab\t f\r-fif?s ( ! volume ( ! flask4 ,place ^u ! flask a cork ?r\gh :i* has be5 pass$ a glass-tube b5t at a "r angle & provid$ ) a cyl9drical glass vessel s]v+ z a receiv] & heat+ 9 ! wat] ba?4 ,if ! di/ance f ! level ( ! oil to ! angle ( ! glass tube 9 :i* x incl9es d[nw>ds1 am\nts1 = in/ance1 to #d4gb in*es1 & ! neck ( ! flask up to its angle is #b4ge in*es high outside ( ! direct effect ( ! heat ( ! wat] ba?1 only ! above-m5tion$ adult]ants di/ill ov]1 :ile ! vapor ( ! volatile oil cond5ses at a height ( #b4ge in*es & fl[s back into ! flask4 ,! di/illate is weigh$ & exam9$ z to its d]ivation4 ,fir/ add "o cubic c5timet] ( x to two or ?ree cubic c5timet]s ( potassium acetate solution ( specific gravity #a4aig & %ake mod]ately4 ,if a cle> mixture results1 alcohol alone is pres5t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! mixture is n cle>1 & ! di/ill$ fluid s9ks d[n & collects on ! bottom ( ! te/-tube1 *lor(orm is v likely pres5t1 & if x rema9s float+ ^u ! acetate solution1 b5z9e4 ,next br+ two to ?ree c5timet]s ( ! di/illate into a te/-tube & add a piece ( sodium metal1 ! size ( a pea4 ,if viol5t foam+1 i4 e41 an evolution ( gas1 takes place1 alcohol is c]ta9ly pres5t1 & possibly also *lor(orm & b5z9e t[>ds :i* sodium is indiff]5t4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! pres5ce ( b5z9e1 ! sodium solution w\ld be colorless1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( *lor(orm1 yell[i% & turbid4 ,9 case ! sodium produces no reaction & alcohol is1 !re=e1 n pres5t1 add an equal volume 7two to ?ree cubic c5timet]s7 ( anhydr\s alcohol1 & aft] mod]ately %ak+ all[ ! solution ( ! sodium & ! evolution ( gas to proce$1 :]eby b5z9e produces a ne>ly colorless1 turbid fluid1 & *lor(orm a yell[i%1 milky "o4 ,n[ dilute ! fluid ) an equal or d\ble volume ( wat]1 %ake & all[ ! mixture to /& quietly4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( b5z9e a colorless1 turbid lay] collects on ! bottom ( ! fluid1 :ile t collect+ 9 ! pres5ce ( *lor(orm is yell[i%4 ,9 ! latt] case1 i4 e41 9 ! pres5ce ( *lor(orm1 ! aque\s filtrate yields ) lead acetate solution a :ite precipitate 7lead *loride & lead hydroxide74 ,! adult]ant hav+ ?us be5 recogniz$1 fur!r p>ticul>s are le>n$ f ! specific gravity ( ! oil z well z ( ! di/illate4 ,adult]ations ) t]p5es or t]p5e-l fluids1 su* z are ga9$ 9 ! prep>ation ( conc5trat$ or pat5t oils1 are difficult to recognize4 ,!y may be detect$ by ! specific gravity1 ! t]p5es be+1 z a rule1 specifically light]1 _! specific gravity v>y+ betwe5 #j4hdj & #j4hgj4 ,! detection ( adult]ations ) volatile oils ( a l[] quality is v difficult1 if n l$ to x by ! odor & ta/e4 ,_m me?ods = e/abli%+ su* adult]ations h be5 propos$1 ( :i* ! foll[+ are ! mo/ important3-- ,i4 ,te/ ) iod9e4--,?is te/ is bas$ ^u ! fact t "s oils viol5tly detonate ) iod9e1 :ile o!rs develop heat & vapors1 & o!rs aga9 rema9 indiff]5t4 ,= ?is te/ p\r ^u ab\t #j4ai gramme ( dry iod9e 9 a wat*-cry/al #d to #f drops ( ! oil to be exam9$4 #a4 ,a vigor\s reaction 7detonation7 ) consid]able increase 9 ! temp]ature & emission ( vapors takes place ) ! foll[+ oils3 oils ( b]gamot1 lemon1 lav5d]1 nutmeg1 orange peel1 spike1 turp5t9e1 wormwood4 #b4 ,su* a reaction z m5tion$ "u #a1 does n take place ) oils ( bitt] almonds1 copaiba1 calamus1 clove1 pepp]m9t1 rose4 #c4 ,mod]ate heat+ & slight vapors are develop$ ) oils ( anise-se$1 f5nel1 camomile1 curly m9t1 m>joram1 rosem>y1 sassafras1 ?yme4 ,:5 an oil ( ! second s]ies becomes heat$ ) iod9e & evolves vapors1 x may fir/ ( all be adult]at$ ) *eap] oils4 ,?is may also be ! case :5 an oil ( ! ?ird s]ies reacts viol5tly ) iod9e & evolves vapors ) /rong heat+4 ,=m]ly ! iod9e te/ 0 highly valu$2 x has1 h[ev]1 be5 %[n to be unreliable s9ce x is frequ5tly dep5d5t on ! age ( ! oil4 ,9 place ( iod9e1 ,rudolph ,eck recomm5ds a v dilute alcoholic iod9e solution1 :i* is n discolor$ by oils ( turp5t9e1 :ile o!r oils discolor x4 ,dissolve a drop ( ! oil to be exam9$ 9 #c cubic c5timet]s ( #ij to #ajj p] c5t4 alcohol1 & add a drop ( ! iod9e solution4 ,! latt] is n discolor$ 9 ! pres5ce ( an oil ( turp5t9e4 ,!re are also1 h[ev]1 sev]al volatile oils1 :i* d n discolor ! iod9e solution4 ,mi]z9ski m5tions ! foll[+3 ,all cold-express$ oils f ! ,aurantiace1 fur!r oils ( cori&]1 c>away1 galanga1 rue1 sassafras1 rose1 rosem>y1 anise-se$1 f5nel1 calamus1 n]oli1 angelica1 wormwood4 ,h5ce1 ?is reaction _c be reli$ ^u4 ,,ii4 ,hoppe's nitroprusside ( copp] te/4--,?is te/ sometimes gives good results1 b only ) hydroc>bons absolutely free f oxyg5 & oxyg5at$ oils4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n suitable = oils d]iv$ f ! ,aurantiace4 ,! process is z foll[s3 ,add to a small quantity ( ! oil to be exam9$ 9 a p]fectly dry te/-tube1 #b to #e milligrammes ( pure nitroprusside ( copp] previ\sly ?or\ghly dri$ & f9ely pulv]iz$1 %ake vigor\sly & gradually heat to boil+4 ,aft] boil+ = a few seconds all[ to cool4 ,if ! oil is free f oil ( turp5t9e1 or ano!r oil conta9+ no oxyg51 ! precipitate =m$ is br[n1 black1 or gray1 & accord+ to ! quantity ( ! reag5t add$ & ! orig9al color ( ! oil1 ! sup]natant oil w be diff]5tly color$ & appe> m or less d>k4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! oil is adult]at$ ) oil ( turp5t9e1 ! precipitate =m$ %[s a h&some gre5 or blue-gre5 color1 :ile ! sup]natant oil reta9s its orig9al color or at ! utmo/ acquires a v slightly d>k] "o4 ,! long] ! oil is all[$ to /& aft] settl+1 ! m di/9ct & beautiful ! color ( ! oil & ( ! precipitate appe>s4 ,= ! e/abli%m5t & c]ta9 recognition ( v small quantities ( oil ( turp5t9e 9 oxyg5at$ oils1 x is be/ to fir/ add v little ( ! nitroprusside ( copp] to ! oil to be te/$1 & a l>g] quantity only aft] be+ conv9c$ ei!r ( ! purity or adult]ation ( ! oil4 ,?is is done to be able1 on ! "o h&1 bett] to judge ! reaction1 if ! oil is pure1 &1 on ! o!r1 if x is adult]at$1 to e/abli% su* adult]ation ) c]ta9ty & to approximately e/imate ! quantity ( oil ( turp5t9e pres5t4 ,! less nitroprusside ( copp] is us$1 ! bett] small quantities ( oil ( turp5t9e c be detect$4 ,ne>ly all volatile oils free f oxyg5 %[ ! same behavior t[>ds nitroprusside ( copp]2 !y decompose x1 :i* is n ! case ) oxyg5at$ oils4 ,! behavior ( ! latt] is %[n 9 ! foll[+ table3-- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,proportion ( ,color ( ! oil ,"n ( ,color ( ! nitroprusside aft] ,color ( ! ! oil4 oil4 ( ! exp]im5t4 precipitate4 copp] to oil4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,c>away cle> z wat] #a 3 #ajjj p>tsslightly dirty gray4 & colorless yell[i% ,f5nel pale yell[i% #a 3 #ajjj br[ni%-yell[ black4 ,dill pale #a 3 #ajjj becomes fir/ r$di%-yell[ colorless1 !n yell[i% ,anise-se$ pale yell[ #a 3 #ajjj yell[ ,camomile 7gre57 yell[i% #a 3 #ajjj br[ni%-yell[ a%-gray4 ,lav5d] pale yell[ #a 3 #ajjj w9e-yell[ slate-gray4 #a 3 #ajj br[n-yell[ ,m9t 7curly7 colorless #a 3 #ajjj w9e-yell[ fir/ gray1 !n black4 ,pepp]m9t #a 3 #ajjj yell[i% black4 #a 3 #ajj br[ni%-yell[ ,balm yell[ #a 3 #ajjj d>k w9e-yell[ ,m>joram colorless #a 3 #ajjj yell[i% #a 3 #ajj br[n-yell[ ,sage slightly #a 3 #ajjj w9e-yell[ d>k gre54 yell[i% #a 3 #ajj br[n-yell[ d>k gre51 !n ne>ly black4 ,?yme 7field7 #a 3 #ajjj br[ni%-yell[ slate-gray4 #a 3 #ajj d>k br[n-yell[ ne>ly black4 ,wormwood yell[-br[n #a 3 #ajjj d>k br[n black4 ,tansy pale yell[ #a 3 #ajjj r$-br[n dirty br[n4 ,milfoil d>k #a 3 #ajjj fir/ pale blue1 gray-br[n4 azure-blue !n d>k gre5 ,cajeput colorless #a 3 #ajjj br[ni%-yell[ black4 ,clove slightly #a 3 #bjjj rose-r$ & cle> slate-gray4 yell[i% #a 3 #ajjj violet-r$ & cle> #a 3 #ejj *]ry-r$ & opaque #a 3 #ajj d>k *]ry-r$ & opaque ,cassia br[ni%-yell[ #a 3 #ajjj br[ni%-r$ to black4 hyac9?-r$ #a 3 #ajj d>k br[n-r$ ,sassafras yell[i% #a 3 #ajjj yell[i%-br[n ,/> anise pale yell[ #a 3 #ajjj d>k w9e-yell[ ,val]ian pale gre5i% #a 3 #ajj br[ni%-yell[ ,rue slightly #a 3 #ajj br[n-yell[ a%-gray4 yell[i% ,b]gamotte yell[i% #a 3 #ajjj d>k yell[ #a 3 #ajj br[ni%-r$ ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,if ^! oxyg5at$ oils are mix$ ) oils free f oxyg51 = in/ance1 oil ( turp5t9e1 !y %[ exactly ! same behavior z oils free f oxyg52 ! nitroprusside ( copp] is n decompos$ & reta9s its gray-gre5 color4 ,if1 = in/ance1 oil ( cloves is mix$ ) oil ( turp5t9e1 ! r$ coloration by nitroprusside ( copp] does n appe>4 ,,iii4 ,hag]'s alcohol & sulphuric acid te/4--,br+ into a te/-tube ( ab\t #j4e in* diamet]1 five to six drops ( ! oil to be te/$ & tw5ty-five to ?irty drops ( pure conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 & mix ! two fluids by %ak+1 :]eby ei!r no heat+ takes place or a sc>cely p]ceptible "o1 or ! heat+ is /rong or v vigor\s & 9 "s cases increas$ to ! evolution ( vapors4 ,! mixture is ei!r cle> or turbid4 ,aft] complete cool+1 add to ! mixture eight to t5 cubic c5timet]s ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 & aft] clos+ ! tube ) ! f+]1 %ake vigor\sly4 ,! mixture n[ %[s a diff]5t color1 is cle> or turbid1 & ! deposit =m$ aft] /&+ = "o day is also diff]5tly color$ & ei!r soluble or insoluble 9 boil+ alcohol4 ,! mixture ( oil1 sulphuric acid & alcohol is p]fectly cle> & transp>5t ) oils ( bitt] almonds1 f5nel1 clove & rose2 ) anise-se$ oil & /> anise-se$ oil only ! alcoholic lay] ov] ! mixture ( sulphuric acid & oil is cle>4 ,! mixture ( oil1 acid & alcohol is slightly turbid or ne>ly cle> ) oils ( val]ian1 pepp]m9t & field ?yme4 ,) mo/ ( ! o!r volatile oils occurr+ 9 comm]ce1 ! mixture is m or less milky turbid4 ,heat+ ( ! oil & acid mixtures does n take place ) pyrog5\s oils 7petroleum1 b5z9e7 or only to a v slight degree1 z ) oils ( pepp]m9t & mu/>d4 ,,iv4 ,hag]'s guaiacum reaction#c s]ves = ! detection ( oil ( turp5t9e 9 a volatile oil4 ,by p\r+ ^u z mu* guaiacum1 fre%ly p[d]$1 z w lie ^u ! po9t ( a small knife1 9 a te/-tube #a cubic c5timet] 7#be drops7 ( spike oil1 & heat+ ne>ly to boil+ ov] a petroleum lamp1 ! oil aft] be+ remov$ f ! flame & all[+ ! undissolv$ res9 to settle1 %[s a yell[ color4 ,by n[ p\r+ ^u an equal quantity ( guaiacum 9 ano!r te/-tube #be drops ( spike oil & #e drops ( rectifi$ oil ( t f ! flame %[s a d>k violet color4 ,v>i\s o!r oils behave 9 ! same mann] z spike oil1 & h5ce a cont5t ( oil ( turp5t9e c be readily detect$ 9 !m4 ,o!r oils d n exhibit ?is behavior2 b ?is c be rem$i$ by add+1 9 te/+ = oil ( turp5t9e1 a few drops ( an oil ( ! fir/ class4 #c ,hag]1 ,*emis*e ,reaction5 zur ,na*weise des ,t]p5t9oels 9 d5 ae!ris*5 ,oel51 etc4 ,b]l91 #ahhe4 ,! guaiacum reaction is an ozone reaction & ) ref]5ce to ?is1 ! volatile oils may be divid$ into ?ree classes3-- a4 ,oils incl9+ to ! =mation ( ozone4--,=emo/ ( ^! is oil ( turp5t9e1 especially :5 rectifi$4 ,oils ( tansy1 rue1 m9t1 junip]1 z$o>y1 etc41 %[ consid]ably less incl9ation4 b4 ,oils :i*1 especially :5 heat$1 directly incite ! oil ( turp5t9e to =m ozone1 & to color guaiacum violet or blue4--,su* oils are _m k9ds ( oil ( citronella1 oils ( spike1 calamus1 c$>1 etc4 c4 ,oils ) a cont5t ( oil ( turp5t9e1 :i* rema9 indiff]5t t[>ds guaiacum4--,to su* oils1 if to be te/$ = oil ( turp5t9e1 ) ! assi/ance ( ! guaiacum reaction1 a few drops ( an oil ( ! second class h to be add$4 ,v4 ,hbl's iod9e me?od4--,mr4 ,c4 ,b>5?9 has appli$ ,hbl's iod9e me?od = fix$ oils to ! exam9ation ( volatile oils4 ,he uses ! foll[+ solutions3-- #a4 ,fifty grammes iod9e & #fj grammes ( m]curic *loride 9 a lit] ( alcohol fre$ f fusel oil1 & let /& = #ab h\rs4 #b4 ,tw5ty-f\r grammes ( hyposulphite ( sodium 9 a lit] ( wat]4 #c4 ,a t5 p] c5t4 solution ( iodide ( potassium4 ,dissolve #j4a to #j4b gramme ( ! volatile oil 9 #aj cubic c5timet]s ( *lor(orm1 & add fir/ #ae cubic c5timet]s ( ! iod9e-m]curic *loride solution2 let /& ?ree or f\r h\rs1 &1 9 case ! mixture gets discolor$1 add a few m c5timet]s ( solution4 ,n[ add #aj to #ae cubic c5timet]s iodide ( potassium solution1 dilute ) #aej cubic c5timet]s ( wat]1 & titrate ) hyposulphite till ! mixture rema9s cle> = ab\t a m9ute4 ,! iodide ( potassium solution mu/ be add$ be=e ! wat]1 & ! relative proportions betwe5 ?is solution & ! iod9e-m]curic *loride solution mu/ be #ae to #bj cubic c5timet]s4 ,! quantity ( iod9e solution consum$ is calculat$ to iod9e = #ajj p>ts & ! figure ?us obta9$ is designat$ z ! iod9e numb]4 ,b>5?9 has 9 ?is mann] det]m9$ ! iod9e numb] ( sev]al volatile oils2 o!r exp]im5t]s1 h[ev]1 = in/ance1 ,kremel & ,davies1#d h f\nd diff]5t numb]s = ! same oils1 s t ?is me?od requires fur!r ?or\gh exam9ation be=e x c be class$ z available4 #d ,ph>m4 ,c5tralh4 #ahhh1 ,s4 #dhb u4 #eee2 #ahhi1 ,s4 #acc4 ,,vi4 ,a4 ,kremel has endeavor$ to utilize titration or saponification ) alcoholic pota% lye = ! exam9ation ( volatile oils4 ,9 8 exp]im5ts he 0 guid$ by ! foll[+ po9ts3 ,a s]ies ( volatile oils conta9s p>tially free organic acids1 l oils ( bitt] almonds & c9namon1 & p>tially aldehydes or o!r comb9ations4 ,n[ x seems n impossible1 t up to a c]ta9 limit1 ! quantities ( ^! comb9ations 9 ! sep>ate volatile oils rema9 con/ant1 ?us pres5t+ ! opportunity ( te/+ ! respective oils z to _! quality & purity by saponification4 ,9 "s cases ^! comb9ations are ! *ief be>]s ( ! specific odor1 & h5ce ! det]m9ation ( ! saponification numb] becomes ( d\ble value4 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 self-evid5t t n e volatile oil c be saponifi$1 & ,kremel admits t1 ev5 :]e saponification takes place1 x is n 9 e case a sure te/4 ,! execution ( ! me?od is z foll[s3 ,dissolve #a gramme ( ! oil to be exam9$ 9 #b to #c cubic c5timet]s ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol fre$ f acid1 comp\nd ! solution ) a few drops ( ph5ol-ph?ale9 solution1 & titrate ! free acid ) normal alcoholic pota% lye4 ,! milligrammes ( cau/ic pota% us$ are designat$ ! acid numb]4 ,aft] hav+ ?us det]m9$ ! cont5t ( acid1 add to ! same solution #aj cubic c5timet]s ( ! same pota% lye1 heat = h\r ^u ! wat] ba?1 & !n titrate back ! excess ( pota% lye ) normal hydro*loric acid4 ,9 ?is mann] ! saponification numb] is obta9$4 7,9 "s cases :5 ! f9al reaction is n pla9ly p]ceptible1 x is advisable to correspond+ly dilute ) wat] aft] heat+ ! alcoholic fluid47 ,! saponification numb]1 less ! acid numb]1 gives ! e!r or e/] numb]4 ,kremel has 9 ?is mann] exam9$ a l>ge numb] ( volatile oils & p>tially obta9$ surpris+ results4 ,rose oil gives a saponification numb] ( #ab1 & g]anium oils "o ( #dj to #ej4 ,:ile lav5d] oils give v high saponification numb]s1 oil ( lemons does n4 ,artificial oil ( bitt] almonds %[s high] saponification numb]s ?an ! natural oil4 ,by fur!r comp\nd+ ! saponifi$ portions ( ! latt] ) acid1 a cry/all9e precipitate ( b5zo9 is =m$1 ! quantity ( :i* am\nts to f #dj to #ej p] c5t4 ( ! oil us$4 ,su* a precipitate1 b only 9 v small quantities1 is also =m$ 9 pea* k]nel oil1 b n 9 o!r simil> oils nor 9 artificial oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,,vii4 ,f4 ,r4 ,williams has rec5tly endeavor$ to utilize = te/+ volatile oils ,maum5's te/1 :i* is bas$ ^u ! increase 9 temp]ature produc$ 9 oils by conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 & :i* gives valuable po9ts = ! exam9ation ( "s fat oils4 ,( c\rse1 ! l>ge quantities ( oil o!rwise prescrib$ _c be us$4 ,:ile = ! exam9ation ( fat oils #ej grammes ( oil are mix$ ) #aj cubic c5timet]s ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid 9 a beak] glass wrapp$ ar\nd ) cotton1 ,williams c\ld use only six cubic c5timet]s ( volatile oil4 ,!y 7 br\ght into a v small beak] glass envelop$ 9 cotton4 ,aft] read+ (f ! temp]ature1 twelve cubic c5timet]s ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid 7 add$ & ! :ole /irr$ ) ! !rmomet] until ! temp]ature no long] rose4 ,numb]s 7 9 ?is mann] obta9$ :i* might 9 "s cases1 = in/ance1 cassia oil1 furni% guid+ po9ts = judg+ ! purity ( ! oil4 ,plan*on proposes ! foll[+ proc$ure 9 ord] to recognize a volatile oil3-- ,a4 ,! oil is specifically light] ?an wat]4 #a4 ,! sub/ance is solid & only melts at #cdg ,f43 ,camphor4 #b4 ,! oil at a temp]ature ( ov] #cb ,f4 conta9s a cry/all9e /e>opt5e4 a4 ,! oil is laevorotatory1 ! /e>opt5e melts at #gg ,f41 &1 on add+ sulphuric acid1 a cle> solution rema9s beh9d3 ,rose oil4 b4 ,! oil possesses no rotatory p[]1 ! /e>opt5e melts at #ej ,f41 &1 on add+ sulphuric acid1 two lay]s are =m$1 only "o ( :i* is liquid3 ,anise-se$ oil4 c4 ,! oil is dextrorotatory1 ! /e>opt5e melts at #da ,f41 &1 on add+ sulphuric acid1 a ne>ly colorless fluid rema9s beh9d3 ,f5nel oil4 #c4 ,! oil is p]fectly fluid & cle> at above #cb ,f4 ,i4 ,! oil explodes ) iod9e1 emitt+ violet vapors4 a4 ,! oil ?ick5s 9 ! air & readily =ms res94 ,x requires = its solution sev]al volumes ( alcohol3 ,oil ( conif]s4 b4 ,! oil1 on exposure to ! air1 does n ?ick5 & b sl[ly =ms res94 4 ,x is dextrorotatory4 ,! liquid oil dissolves santal93 ,oil ( ! aurantiace4 ,! ?ick oil does n dissolve santal93 ,mace oil4 4 ,! oil is laevorotatory4 ,! oil %[s an acid reaction & dissolves 9 equal p>ts ( alcohol3 ,lav5d] oil4 ,! oil %[s a neutral reaction & dissolves 9 #ab to #ae p>ts ( alcohol3 ,m>joram oil4 ,,ii4 ,! oil gives no explosion ) iod9e1 b %[s an increase 9 temp]ature ) or )\t emission ( r$ vapors4 a4 ,! oil %[s an acid reaction4 4 ,! blue or gre5 oil %[s ! acid reaction only indi/9ctly3 ,milfoil oil4 4 ,! colorless or br[n oil gives a turbid fluid ) sulphuric acid4 ,x is laevorotatory3 ,spani% m>joram oil4 ,! oil is r5d]$ b slightly turbid by sulphuric acid2 x acquires a r$-violet color by nitric acid1 has no effect ^u ! plane ( pol>ization1 & has a peculi> odor3 ,oil ( val]ian4 b4 ,! oil is neutral4 4 ,x dissolves ) difficulty 9 alcohol4 4 ,! oil is miscible 9 e proportion ) alcohol4 #a4 ,x is dextrorotatory4 ,! oil is colorless or yell[i%1 x ?ick5s on exposure to ! air1 & dissolves & r$uces fu*s9e3 ,c>away oil4 ,! oil is ?ick1 yell[-br[n or r$-yell[1 & has a peculi> odor3 ,calamus oil4 #b4 ,! oil is laevorotatory4 ,x is fluid & has an aromatic odor3 ,rosem>y oil4 ,! oil is ?ick & v pung5t3 ,cubebs oil4 ,,iii4 ,! oil dissolves iod9e )\t vigor\s reaction & )\t an increase 9 ! temp]ature4 a4 ,! oil is blue & gre54 ,x has an agreeable1 camphor-l odor3 ,camomile oil4 ,! gre5 oil ?ick5s 9 ! air & is dextrorotatory3 ,wormwood oil4 ,! oil is g5]ally gre5 & produces no effect ^u ! plane ( pol>ization3 ,cajeput oil4 b4 ,! oil is colorless or yell[-br[n4 4 ,x sep>ates a solid /e>opt5e at ab\t #cb ,f43 ,rue oil4 4 ,! oil rema9s liquid at sev]al degrees bel[ #cb ,f4 #a4 ,dextrorotatory oils4 ,! oil %[s an acid reaction1 & gives ) sulphuric acid a some:at turbid solution1 :i* becomes cle> by ! addition ( alcohol3 ,dill oil4 ,! oil gives ) sulphuric acid a yell[-r$ turbid solution1 :i* becomes cle> & pea*-blossom r$ by ! addition ( alcohol3 ,eucalyptus oil4 #b4 ,laevorotatory oil4 ,! oil %[+ an acid reaction becomes ?ick 9 ! air & has a *>act]i/ic odor3 ,m9t oil4 ,! oil %[s a neutral reaction & has a camphor-l odor3 ,?yme oil4 ,,iv4 ,! oil does n dissolve iod9e1 does n heat ) sulphuric acid1 & does n react ^u nitric acid4 ,! odor is empyreumatic3 ,petroleum4 ,b4 ,! oil is specifically heavi] ?an wat]4 #a4 ,! oil %[s an acid reaction4 ,x is soluble 9 #cj p>ts ( wat]1 boils at #cef ,f41 & smells ( bitt] almonds3 ,oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,! oil has an agreeable1 sweet odor & boils at f #cib to #dca4f ,f43 ,w9t]gre5 oil4 #b4 ,! oil %[s a neutral reaction4 a4 ,! oil is laevorotatory4 ,x becomes blue by ! addition ( sulphuric acid3 ,oil ( cloves4 b4 ,! oil is optically inactive4 ,! ?ick oil gives ) sulphuric acid a turbid1 black-br[n fluid2 ! odor is agreeable3 ,c9namon oil4 c4 ,! oil is dextrorotatory4 ,! ?ick oil has an agreeable odor3 ,sassafras oil4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,volatile ,,oils ,,us$ ,,9 ,,p]fum]y4 ,! volatile oils1 z previ\sly m5tion$1 may be divid$ into ?ree gr\ps1 viz3 ! pure hydroc>bons1 oxyg5at$ oils1 & sulphurett$ oils4 ,*emically1 ?is division is1 h[ev]1 ( little value1 s9ce1 among bodies :i* %\ld be class$ accord+ to x 9 "o ( ! gr\ps1 comb9ations are f\nd :i* v>y v mu* 9 a *emical respect1 & belong p>tially 9 ! gr\ps ( alcohols1 indiff]5t bodies1 acids1 etc4 ,x is1 !re=e1 pref]r$ n to attempt a classification ( ! volatile oils accord+ to _! *emical composition1 b simply to enum]ate !m 9 alphabetical ord]4 ,acacia1 oil (1 commonly call$ oil ( cassie4 ,! fl[]s or buds ( ! acacia ,f>nesiana yield a some:at ?ickly-fluid1 gre5i%-yell[ oil ( a v int5se b delightful odor4 ,! oil may be obta9$ ei!r by extraction or absorption4 ,! acacia is cultivat$ 9 special plantations along ! ,rivi]a di ,g5ova4 ,^! plantations be+ controll$ by a few p]fum]s1 ! oil is n all[$ to rea* ! m>ket1 & does n =m an article ( comm]ce4 ,! gre5-color$ extrait d'acacia is a solution ( ! oil 9 alcohol4 ,almond oil 7bitt]7 7oleum amygdal am>7 is obta9$ by submitt+ bitt] almond cake 7left aft] ! expression ( ! fix$ oil f bitt] almonds7 to di/illation ) wat]4 ,! volatile oil does n exi/ ready =m$ 9 ! bitt] almond1 nor 9 ! almond cake1 b results f ! decomposition ( a glucoside call$ amygdal91 conta9$ 9 ! cake1 "u ! influ5ce ( emuls9 & wat]1 ! emuls9 act+ z a f]m5t1 into b5zylic aldehyde1 glucose & prussic acid4 ,! almond tree gr[s wild1 b is also cultivat$ 9 ,s\!rn ,europe1 ,africa1 ,b>b>y1 ,pale/9e & ,syria4 ,! bitt] almonds br\ght f ,b>b>y are consid]$ ! be/4 ,besides1 9 almonds1 amygdal9 occurs 9 v>i\s o!r plants2 = in/ance1 9 ! leaves ( ! *]ry laurel1 ! leaves & k]nels ( ! pea*1 ! k]nels ( ! black *]ry & o!r v>ieties ( prunus & amygdalus1 !y all yield+1 aft] mac]ation ) wat]1 a di/illate conta9+ prussic acid & oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,in/ead ( ! comp>atively exp5sive bitt] almonds1 pea* k]nels fre$ f _! h>d %ells are ext5sively us$ 9 ! fabrication ( oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,! oil is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,! press cakes ( bitt] almonds or pea* k]nels are gr\nd & soak$ ab\t tw5ty-f\r h\rs 9 twice _! weight ( wat] to :i* "o-?ird _! weight ( salt has be5 add$4 ,! :ole is !n submitt$ to di/illation4 ,! temp]ature ( ! wat] %\ld n exce$ #aac to #abb ,f4 ,! emuls9 conta9$ 9 ! almonds possesses only )9 c]ta9 limits ( temp]ature ! p[] ( decompos+ amygdal91 &1 if heat$ to #agf ,f41 becomes inop]ative4 ,h5ce1 if ! almond pa/e is quickly heat$ to boil+1 ! emuls9 becomes inop]ative be=e all ! amygdal9 is decompos$1 & a portion ( x be+ consequ5tly lo/1 ! yield is insuffici5t4 ,! di/illation ( ! almond pa/e is effect$ 9 a curr5t ( /eam4 ,a portion ( ! prussic acid =m$ by ! decomposition ( ! amygdal9 adh]es t5aci\sly to ! oil4 ,?is cont5t ( prussic acid makes ! oil ( bitt] almonds exce$+ly poison\s1 :ile 9 itself x is non-poison\s4 ,x c be fre$ f ! prussic acid by %ak+ ) f]r\s sulphate 7blue vitriol7 solution4 ,by !n di/ill+ ov] burnt lime ! orig9ally yell[ or yell[i% oil is obta9$ colorless4 ,x is !n ?9ly fluid1 ( a peculi> agreeable odor & /rongly nutty ta/e4 ,its specific gravity is #a4jdc at #ei ,f41 b v>ies a little ) age4 ,x boils at #cef ,f41 & dissolves 9 #ac p>ts ( wat]1 b m readily 9 alcohol & e!r4 ,9 ! air x is rapidly conv]t$ into b5zoic acid by ! absorption ( oxyg54 ,x has to be c>efully protect$ f air & light & kept 9 well-clos$ bottles 9 a d>k place4 ,! crude oil1 conta9+ f #b to #e p] c5t4 prussic acid1 has g5]ally a yell[i% color4 ,oil ( bitt] almonds may be prep>$ artificially 9 _m ways4 ,by all[+ *lor9e to fl[ into boil+ tolu5e1 ! latt] is conv]t$ into b5zyl *loride3- ,c#f;,h#e7;,,*#c7 ,cl#b ,c#f;,h#e7;,,*#b;,cl7 ,h,cl ----tolu5e----- -b5zyl *loride-- *lor9e hydrog5 *loride ,by )draw+ ! *lor9e & "o atom hydrog5 f ! b5zyl *loride & introduc+ = x "o atom oxyg51 ! b5zyl *loride is conv]t$ into b5zaldehyde4 ,?is conv]sion is readily effect$ by cont9u\sly boil+1 be/ ) ! introduction ( c>bonic acid1 #a "p ( b5zyl *loride ) #a p>ts ( lead nitrate & #aj p>ts ( wat]1 & f9ally di/ill+ ! b5zaldehyde (f by /eam4 ,! decomposition takes place accord+ to ! foll[+ equation3-- #b;,c#f;,h#e7;,,*#b;,cl7 ,pb7,,no#c7b #b;,c#f;,h#e7;,,*o7 ,pb,cl#b ,n#b,o#c ,h#b,o4 ,! crude b5zaldehyde ?us obta9$ is agitat$ ) w>m solution ( acid sodium sulphite1 ! solution =m$ !reby is sep>at$ f undissolv$ oily p>ticles & cool$1 :]eby a comb9ation ( b5zaldehyde ) acid sodium sulphate cry/allizes out4 ,?is comb9ation is sep>at$ f ! rema9+ fluid1 decompos$ by acid & submitt$ to di/illation1 :]eby b5zaldehyde passes ov]4 ,l>ge quantities ( b5zaldehyde are at pres5t prep>$ accord+ to ?is me?od4 ,! id5tity ( b5zaldehyde ) oil ( bitt] almonds has be5 e/abli%$ by ,lippmann & ,hawliczek4 ,g5u9e oil ( almonds is mu* adult]at$1 *iefly ) alcohol1 nitrob5zole1 & v>i\s *eap] oils4 ,an addition ( #c to #e p] c5t4 ( alcohol is frequ5tly made by ,italian deal]s 9 ord] to conceal a cont5t ( wat]1 :i* at a l[ temp]ature is apt to r5d] ! oil turbid4 ,to detect ! pres5ce ( alcohol1 mod]ately heat a sample ( ! oil 9 a di/ill+ app>atus & comp\nd ! drops1 fir/ pass+ ov] ) sodium c>bonate solution & !n ) potassium iodide solution4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( alcohol a yell[i% cry/all9e precipitate ( iod(orm is =m$4 ,an addition ( syn!tically compos$ oil might seem ( no importance1 s9ce ! natural oil does n diff] f x4 ,h[ev]1 = v f9e p]fum]y ! natural oil _c be replac$ by ! artificial1 x hav+ be5 ?us f> impossible to obta9 ! latt] absolutely *emically pure4 ,x always conta9s small quantities ( undecompos$ *lor9e comb9ations :i* injure ! ta/e & odor4 ,to detect su* oil 9 ! natural oil1 br+ a few drops ^u a tuft ( cotton & ignite x4 ,ov] ! burn+ flame inv]t a beak] moi/5$ inside ) wat]4 ,on ! moi/ sides ( ! beak] ! soot & hydro*loric acid =m$ by ! combu/ion ( ! *lor9e comb9ation are precipitat$4 ,:5 ! flame is ext+ui%$1 ! beak] is r9s$ out ) wat]1 ! fluid filt]$ & te/$ = *lor9e ) nitrate ( silv]4 ,an addition ( #aj p] c5t4 artificial oil c 9 ?is mann] be accurately det]m9$4 ,if g5u9e oil ( bitt] almonds conta9+ prussic acid1 be heat$ ) an excess ( alcoholic pota% lye1 & ! excess ( ! latt] be neutraliz$ ) hydro*loric acid1 b5zo9 am\nt+ to #dj to #ej p] c5t4 ( ! weight ( oil ( bitt] almonds is1 accord+ to ,a4 ,kremel1 sep>at$4 ,by subject+ artificial oil ( bitt] almonds to ! same treatm5t1 no b5zo9 is sep>at$1 s t ! g5u9e oil c 9 ?is mann] be di/+ui%$ f ! artificial4 ,kremel fur!r f\nd t oil ( bitt] almonds prep>$ f apricot k]nels1 :5 treat$ 9 an analog\s mann]1 yield$ consid]ably less b5zo91 & t *]ry-laurel oil conta9+ prussic acid1 :i* has be5 consid]$ id5tical ) oil ( bitt] almonds1 sep>at$ no b5zo9 :atev]4 ,%\ld fur!r exp]im5ts prove ! con/ancy ( ?is ph5om5on1 ?is reaction w\ld be a conv5i5t means ( di/+ui%+ ! f\r products4 ,an adult]ation ) nitrob5zole & o!r volatile oils is recogniz$ by mix+ #b drops ( ! oil ) #ajj drops ( di/ill$ wat]1 & %ak+ vigor\sly4 ,pure oil mu/ completely dissolve4 ,h[ev]1 ! te/ yields accurate results only ) ! use ( actually pure di/ill$ wat] & by accurately obs]v+ ! above-m5tion$ proportions4 ,if to #e cubic c5timet]s ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol & an equal quantity ( di/ill$ wat] 9 a te/-tube1 #aj drops ( ! oil be add$1 &1 aft] clos+ ! tube ) ! f+]1 mixture be effect$ by g5tly turn+ ! tube twice upside d[n1 a cle> solution w imm$iately result if ! oil is pure4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x conta9s nitrob5zole1 ev5 only #a p] c5t41 ! latt] sep>ates1 at fir/ r5d]+ ! fluid turbid1 b 9 ! c\rse ( a m9ute1 :5 g5tly agitat$1 x floats 9 ! =m ( m9ute drops ^u ! fluid1 :ile1 :5 at re/1 ^! drops collect to l>g] ones on ! bottom ( ! te/-tube4 ,if ! oil becomes only turbid1 adult]ation ) o!r volatile oils is indicat$4 ,ano!r te/1 giv5 by ,wagn]1 is bas$ ^u ! diff]5ce 9 ! specific gravity ( mixtures ( oil ( bitt] almonds ) oil ( mirbane4 ,! specific gravity ( comm]cial oil ( bitt] almonds v>ies betwe5 #a4jdj & #a4jdc & t ( oil ( mirbane betwe5 #a4ahj & #a4bja4 #e c4 c4 ( pure oil ( bitt] almonds weigh #e4bi grammes4 #e mix$ ) oil ( mirbane #e4ci #e #e4eg #e #e4ge #e ( pure #e4ij ,oil ( bitt] almonds is mu* us$ 9 ! fabrication ( p]fum]y4 ,9 a pure /ate its odor is by no means agreeable1 b r /rong & /upefy+4 ,:5 /rongly dilut$ x is1 h[ev]1 v pleasant4 ,angelica oil is obta9$ by di/illation ) wat] f ! root ( ,angelica ,ar*angelica ,l41 natural ord] ,umbellif]ae4 ,! oil is light] ?an wat]1 possesses ! spicy odor ( ! root & an aromatic pung5t ta/e4 ,x consi/s mo/ly ( a t]p5e :i* turns ! plane ( pol>ization to ! "r1 & boils at #cbj ,f4 ,besides ! oil f ! root1 "o obta9$ f ! se$s also occurs 9 comm]ce4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 m exp5sive4 ,9 a fre% /ate x is amb]-yell[1 & has a specific gravity ( #j4hedi at #ei ,f42 old] oil is ?ickly-fluid1 br[n1 & has a specific gravity ( ,o4#ijhf4 ,x conta9s a t]p5e :i* turns ! plane ( pol>ization to ! "r1 & has a lemon-l odor4 ,x is us$ = f9e p]fum]y4 ,anise-se$ oil 7oleum anisi74 ,! anise 7,pimp9ella anisum ,l471 natural ord] ,umbellif]ae1 conta9s volatile oil 9 all p>ts1 b *iefly 9 ! se$s4 ,dry anise-se$ yields by di/illation #b to #c p] c5t4 ( oil1 :ile ! p$uncle & *aff conta9 at ! utmo/ #a p] c5t4 ( oil1 :i* is said to be ri*] 9 /e>opt5e4 ,! anise-se$ oil prep>$ 9 ,s\!rn ,russia has always be5 highly valu$1 b z x is g5]ally consid]ably adult]at$1 ! ,leipsic manufactur]s ( volatile oils pref] to import ! se$ & di/ill x !mselves4 ,fre%ly prep>$ anise-se$ oil is colorless or /raw-yell[1 has ! odor ( anise & a sweeti% ta/e1 leav+ a burn+ s5sation ^u ! tongue4 ,x is ?9ly fluid at #fh ,f41 b comm5ces to congeal at a some:at l[] temp]ature1 & ! soon] ! m /e>opt5e x conta9s4 ,good oil %\ld become solid at f #eg4b to #fj4h ,f4 ,x has a specific gravity ( #j4ihj to #j4iie at #ei ,f4 ,! specific gravity v>ies ) ! cont5t ( /e>opt5e2 ! great] ! latt] ! high] ! specific gravity4 ,good anise-se$ oil conta9s #e to #aj p] c5t4 ( t]p5e & #ij to #ie p] c5t4 ( a /e>opt5e1 call$ ane?ol1 ,c#aj;,h#ab,o1 on :i* ! value ( ! oil dep5ds4 ,! ane?ol c be sep>at$ f ! oil by cool+ to #cb ,f41 & =ms colorless cry/als4 ,x has an agreeable odor & int5sely sweet ta/e1 is sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 b readily 9 alcohol1 e!r1 & o!r solv5ts ( volatile oils4 ,good ane?ol has a specific gravity ( #j4ihf1 & melts at #fi to #gj ,f4 ,by frequ5t contact ) ! air a small portion ( ! ane?ol is oxidiz$1 v likely to anisaldehyde4 ,by ?is process ! specific gravity is rais$ & ! melt+ po9t l[]$4 ,anise-se$ oil is soluble 9 #e p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 & ) #c times its volume ( petroleum-e!r yields a cle> mixture4 ,its mixture ) f\r times its weight ( petroleum-e!r is turbid1 b becomes cle> 9 t5 m9utes1 :ile t ) five times its volume ( petroleum-e!r rema9s = a long] "t turbid4 ,9 a fluid /ate ! oil1 :5 expos$ to ! air1 becomes res9\s & loses its prop]ty to cry/allize4 ,x %\ld1 !re=e1 be kept 9 tightly-clos$ bottles 9 a cool1 %ady place4 ,anise-se$ oil is us$ 9 p]fum+ soaps & m\? wat]s4 ,x %\ld1 h[ev]1 be us$ ) prud5ce1 s9ce ! sweeti%1 p5etrat+ odor ( ! oil readily ov]comes ! o!r volatile oils 9 ! mixture1 & r5d]s !m inop]ative4 ,/> anise oil v mu* resembles ! ord9>y anise-se$ oil4 ,x is obta9$ f /> anise1 ! fruit ( ,illicium anisatum1 a tree =m]ly suppos$ to be indig5\s to ,co*9 ,*9a1 & cultivat$ 9 ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ! ,phillip9e ,isl&s4 ,h[ev]1 accord+ to ,messrs4 ,b\rgeo9-,meiffre1 a ,fr5* firm ( ,hano 7,tonk971 ! /> anise oil f\nd 9 comm]ce is exclusively produc$ 9 ! ,fr5* colony ,tonk9 7,prov9ce ,langson71 ! ,fr5* gov]nm5t hav+ made ov] ! entire sale ( ! oil to ! above-m5tion$ firm4 ,accord+ to a memoir publi%$ by ,dr4 ,blondel1 ( ,p>is1 ! /> anise tree is n indig5\s to ! ,*9ese prov9ces ,yunnan1 ,quang-si1 & ,fo-,ri51 b to ! prov9ce ,langson1 :i* has by conque/ pass$ into ,fr5* possession4 ,h5ce1 ! produc]s ( /> anise & /> anise oil are n[ "u ,fr5* control &1 z x seems1 are oblig$ to sell all ! oil produc$ to ! above-m5tion$ firm4 ,if ^! /atem5ts %\ld prove correct1 ! ,*9ese h>bors ,macao & ,hong ,kong1 f :i* ! great] portion ( /> anise oil 0 =m]ly export$1 w lose _! importance 9 ?is respect & ! product f9d its way direct f ,hano via ,hayphong to ,m>seilles4 ,! fir/ %ipm5t f ,b\rgeo9-,meiffre arriv$ 9 ,europe 9 ,decemb]1 #ahij4 ,accord+ to ,messrs4 ,s*immel ,co4's report1 ! product is put up & pack$ exactly l t =m]ly %ipp$ f ,hong ,kong1 & ! oil ( excell5t quality4 ,/> anise oil diff]s f ! ord9>y oil 9 conta9+ a mu* small] quantity ( ane?ol1 & h5ce congeal+ only at a temp]ature ( f #da to #ej ,f4 ,besides ! odor ( ! t]p5e conta9$ 9 /> anise oil diff]s f t ( ! ord9>y oil4 ,admixtures ( /> anise oil c1 !re=e1 be g5]ally recogniz$ by ! odor4 ,o!r me?ods recomm5d$ = its detection are unreliable4 ,balm oil4--,! leaves ( ?is plant1 ,melissa (fic9alis1 yield by di/illation a volatile oil sometimes call$ oil ( melissa4 ,x is colorless or yell[i%1 ( a pleasant odor1 has a specific gravity ( #j4he to #j4ib1 %[s a slightly acid reaction & dissolves 9 #b to #c p>ts ( alcohol4 ,x mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! s-call$ ,ea/ ,india oil ( melissa or citronella oil f ,&ropogon ,n>dus ,l4 ,balm oil is occasionally us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( eau de ,cologne4 ,basil oil is di/ill$ 9 ,s\!rn ,france f ! fre% leaves ( ,ocymum basilicum ,l41 natural ord] ,labiat4 ,! oil %[s ! peculi> odor ( ! h]b & cry/allizes a few degrees above #cb ,f4 ,9 p]fum]y x is us$ z an addition to violet & o!r prep>ations4 ,! ,fr5* also prep>e a pommade basilique1 :i* s]ves z a *eap sub/itute = violet pomade4 ,bayb]ry oil1 or oil ( bay leaves1 is extract$ by di/illation f ! leaves ( ,myrcia acris or ! bayb]ry tree4 ,_m v>ieties ( ! tree exi/ ?r\gh\t ! ,we/ ,indies1 :i* are sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ botanically1 b h q a diff]5t odor f t ( ! g5u9e tree4 ,great c>e mu/1 !re=e1 be tak5 9 ! collection ( ! leaves :i* are to be us$1 z ! admixture ( a small quantity ( ! o!r leaves may entirely spoil ! product ( di/illation4 ,two oils are obta9$1 a light oil ( specific gravity ( #j4hgj to #j4iij1 & a heavy oil ) specific gravity #a4jbc to #a4jcg4 ,:5 fir/ di/ill$ ! oil is colorless1 b by exposure to ! air quickly acquires a yell[i% t9t &1 if ! exposure be cont9u$1 becomes q d>k 9 color4 ,! odor ( ! fre%ly-di/ill$ oil is rank1 b 9 ! c\rse ( f ?ree to six mon?s x becomes mell[1 & rip5s into ! agreeable fragrance s mu* lik$ 9 ! be/ specim5s ( bay-rum4 ,! oil is soluble 9 all proportions 9 #ie p] c5t4 alcohol1 also 9 e!r & petroleum b5z9e4 ,its *ief use is = ! prep>ation ( bay-rum4 ,b]gamot oil is obta9$ f ! r9ds ( ! fruit ( citrus b]gamia1 a tree belong+ to ! natural ord] ,aurantiace4 ,! r9d is grat$ & ! oil runn+ (f sep>at$ f ! aque\s fluid & cellul> sub/ance by means ( a sep>at+ funnel1 or ! grat$ mass is di/ill$ 9 a curr5t ( c>bonic acid4 ,! oil is v fluid & pale yell[1 b poor] qualities are frequ5tly gre5i% or br[ni%4 ,:5 di/ill$ ) wat] x becomes p]fectly colorless1 b is less durable4 ,its odor is v pleasant1 some:at l a mixture ( orange & lemon oils4 ,its specific gravity is #j4hg to #j4hi4 ,by /&+ = "s "t1 ! oil sep>ates :ite cry/all9e scales 7/e>opt5e71 :i* melt at #bbc ,f4 ,! oil becomes solid a few degrees bel[ ! freez+ po9t4 ,! ,mess9a oil ( b]gamot is consid]$ ! be/4 ,f o!r volatile oils ( ! orange family1 b]gamot oil diff]s 9 dissolv+ readily 9 cau/ic pota%1 =m+ a cle> solution4 ,x has1 h[ev]1 ! same prop]ty z o!r oils ( a simil> orig91 ( ignit+ ) iod9e & n dissolv+ santal91 ! r$ res9\s color+ matt] ( santal-wood4 ,b]gamot oil may be te/$ z to its purity by mix+ x ) alcohol4 ,x becomes pale gray-yell[1 =ms a s$im5t :i* adh]es firmly to ! vessel &1 on %ak+1 floats ab\t 9 ! =m ( flakes4 ,aft] two days ! s$im5t is inconsid]able & difficult to divide into flakes 9 ! cle> yell[ fluid by %ak+4 ,! oil is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) alcohol4 ,to detect su* adult]ation1 ,righ9i recomm5ds ! foll[+ me?od3 ,mix #ae p>ts ( ! oil ) a l quantity ( pure olive oil or oil ( sweet almonds4 ,if alcohol is pres5t1 x imm$iately sep>ates1 l wat]1 f ! fat oil2 if no sep>ation takes place ! oil is n adult]at$ ) alcohol4 ,! tann9 te/ also gives reliable results4 ,9 /or+ oil ( b]gamot great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ to exclude air & light1 z x is "o ( ! mo/ *angeable oils & soon acquires an odor resembl+ t ( turp5t9e4 ,l>ge quantities ( oil ( b]gamot are us$ 9 p]fum]y4 ,x =ms1 s to say1 ! basis = mo/ ( ! f9] products4 ,9 ,cologne wat] x =ms ! pr9cipal con/itu5t 9 ! mixture ( volatile oils4 ,cajeput oil 7oleum cajeputi74--,?is oil is obta9$ by di/illation f ! leaves ( sev]al species ( ,melaleuc1 natural ord] ,c>yophyllace1 indig5\s to ! ,ea/ ,indies1 ,b&a1 & ,malab>4 ,! ord9>y oil has a gre5i% color & possesses a /rong odor ( camphor & a pung5t ta/e4 ,x is *iefly import$ by way ( ,am/]dam1 :]e x is p>tially discolor$ by rectification1 s t two k9ds1 ! :ite & gre5 cajeput oil1 are br\ght into comm]ce4 ,! color ( ! latt] is g5]ally suppos$ to be due to a res9\s sub/ance conta9+ *lorophyl1 ?\gh o!rs ass]t t x orig9ates f ! copp] ( ! di/ill+ app>atus & ! copp] flasks 9 :i* x is dispat*$4 ,! specific gravity ( ! oil v>ies betwe5 #j4iaj & #j4idj1 ?\gh specifically light] & heavi] oils are said to occur4 ,x is claim$ t an artificial cajeput oil is (t5 prep>$ f camphor & rosem>y oil1 ! gre5 color be+ obta9$ by di/illation ) milfoil4 ,! pres5ce ( camphor may be readily det]m9$ by ?or\ghly triturat+ a few drops ( ! oil ) sug> & !n dissolv+ 9 wat]1 :]eby ! p>ticles ( camphor sep>ate 9 ! =m ( :ite flakes ^u ! surface4 ,cajeput oil is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) oil ( turp5t9e & rosem>y oil4 ,su* adult]ation is recogniz$ by pure cajeput oil dissolv+ cle> 9 equal p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 :i* is n ! case ) ! o!r two oils4 ,camomile or *amomile oil 7oleum an!midis74--,two v>ieties ( oil ( camomile are f\nd 9 comm]ce1 "o gre5 & ! o!r blue4 ,! fir/ is d]iv$ f ! fl[]s ( ! g5u9e or ,roman camomile 7,an!mis nobilis7 & ! blue f ! common v>iety 7,matric>ia *amomila74 ,! la/ oil is ! "o *iefly us$ 9 ! manufacture ( p]fum]y & 9 m$ic9e4 ,blue camomile oil is g5]ally obta9$ by di/illation4 ,9 di/ill+1 metal ,flor5t9e flasks %\ld be us$1 z ! oil adh]es t5aci\sly to glass vessels & ! di/illate has to be treat$ ) e!r4 ,! pure oil has a beautiful blue color1 & on heat+ =ms blue vapors4 ,x has a p5etrat+ odor :i* only by /rong dilution becomes simil> to t ( camomile4 ,by /or+ 9 ! light & ! simultane\s pres5ce ( air1 ! oil turns gre52 lat] on1 br[n1 & is f9ally conv]t$ into a ?ickly-fluid1 br[ni% mass4 ,gre5 camomile oil f ! g5u9e or ,roman camomile possesses an agreeable odor ( fre% lemons2 x is m seldom us$ ?an ! o!r4 ,on acc\nt ( ! slight yield obta9$ f ! fl[]s1 camomile oil is r exp5sive4 ,c>away oil 7oleum c>ui7 is obta9$ by di/illation f ! se$s ( ! well-kn[n aromatic plant ,c>um c>ui1 or ! c>away1 natural ord] ,umbellif]ae4 ,9 a fre%1 purifi$ /ate ! oil is colorless1 v ?9ly-fluid & possesses a pung5t ta/e4 ,! oil prep>$ f cleans$ ,dut* se$ is be/ lik$1 :ile t di/ill$ f ,norwegian or ,tyrolese se$ is n mu* 9 dem&1 its ta/e & odor n be+ s pure on acc\nt ( ! _m impurities mix$ ) ^! k9ds ( se$4 ,c>away oil consi/s ma9ly ( a t]p5e1 ,c#aj;,h#af1 call$ c>v5e1 specific gravity #j4hgj1 & ( c>vol1 specific gravity #j4ifj4 ,! ri*] ! oil 9 c>vol1 ! high] its specific gravity4 ,good c>away oil %\ld h a specific gravity ( #j4ijj to #j4iaj4 ,! c>vol be+ ! actual be>] ( ! aroma1 ! value ( ! oil exclusively dep5ds on ! cont5t ( x4 ,9 ! bett] v>ieties ( oil1 ! cont5t ( c>vol am\nts to f #de to #ej p] c5t41 :ile poor] qualities g5]ally conta9 only f #dj to #db p] c5t4 ,! c>vol & c>v5e are n[ frequ5tly sep>at$ by fractional di/illation4 ,! c>vol1 :i* has ?ree times z /rong an odor & ta/e z ! c>v5e1 dissolves ) mu* great] facility 9 alcohol4 ,! c>v5e be+ (f]$ at v l[ prices might be suitable = p]fum+ *eap soaps4 ,c>away oil obta9$ by di/illation f ! plant has a less agreeable odor ?an t f ! se$1 & possesses an acrid res9\s ta/e4 ,! purity ( c>away oil is recogniz$ by its dissolv+ cle> 9 equal p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,if su* is n ! case1 ! oil conta9s ei!r an admixture ( oil ( turp5t9e or does n possess ! full normal cont5t ( c>vol4 ,pure c>away oil does n detonate ) iod9e1 :i* is ! case ) oil conta9+ oil ( turp5t9e4 ,c>away oil is *iefly us$ = p]fum+ soap2 = h&k]*ief p]fumes x is n suitable4 ,c$> oil 7oleum c$ri7 is obta9$ by di/illation f ! %av+s ( ! wood ( ! ,am]ican or ,virg9ia c$> 7,junip]us virg9iana74 ,= ! di/illation ( oil ! wa/e fall+ (f 9 ! manufacture ( lead-p5cils is almo/ exclusively us$4 ,x yields ab\t #b to #c p] c5t4 ( oil4 ,! oil is ?9ly-fluid1 ( specific gravity #j4ifbb1 ( a gre5i% color1 & an agreeable b n v p5etrat+ odor4 ,x is a mixture ( a t]p5e1 boil+ at ab\t #edj ,f41 & ( a hydroc>bon4 ,! latt]1 :i* is call$ cidr91 =ms ! fluid portion ( ! oil4 ,x has a specific gravity ( #j4ihd1 & boils at ab\t #dei ,f4 ,c$> oil is ext5sively us$ 9 ! manufacture ( toilet soap1 x s]v+ z ! basis = o!r p]fumes4 ,c>e mu/1 h[ev]1 be tak5 t its odor does n prepond]ate1 z 9 su* case x readily produces an unpleasant effect4 ,! oil be+ *eap1 adult]ation is sc>cely to be fe>$4 ,a volatile oil is also obta9$ by di/illation f ! leaves ( ! ,junip]us virg9iana4 ,9 odor x resembles sav9 oil1 & is unfit = p]fum+ purposes4 ,*]ry-laurel oil 7oleum lauroc]asi7 is ! volatile oil1 :i* conta9s prussic acid1 obta9$ f ! leaves ( ! *]ry-laurel 7,prunus lauroc]asus1 ,l474 ,l bitt] almonds1 ! leaves conta9 "s amygdal94 ,h5ce !y are mac]at$ ) wat] & all[$ to /& 9 a w>m place = #bd h\rs4 ,by subsequ5t di/illation a volatile oil is obta9$ :i* closely resembles oil ( bitt] almonds1 b diff]s 9 "s respects4 ,x is colorless or yell[i%1 r>ely r$di%1 & ( specific gravity #a4je to #a4jf4 ,9 its behavior t[>ds air1 solv5ts1 & reag5ts1 x does n ess5tially diff] f oil ( bitt] almonds4#e #e ,comp>e ,kremel's obs]vations1 p4 #ia4 ,to detect oil ( mirbane 9 *]ry-laurel oil1 ,enrico ,pega adds "s alcohol to ! oil to be te/$ & !n mixes x ) "s alcoholic pota% lye & a few drops ( f]ric *loride solution4 ,aft] /&+ = a few h\rs ! mixture is %ak5 & di/ill$4 ,a small portion ( ! oil di/ill+ ov] is fre$ f wat]1 p\r$ ^u a few small pieces ( pure cau/ic pota% 9 a te/-tube1 & heat$ ov] a lamp4 ,if ! sample is pure x rema9s colorless2 9 ! pres5ce ( oil ( mirbane x acquires a d>k coloration 9 consequ5ce ( ! =mation ( nitrob5zide & anil9e1 a few drops ( calcium *loride solution br\ght into ! mixture produc+1 = ?is reason1 a violet coloration4 ,*]ry laurel oil is b seldom us$ = p]fum+ purposes4 ,c9namon oils4--,!re are f\r diff]5t k9ds ( ?is oil1 viz41 ,ceylon c9namon oil1 cassia oil1 c9namon root oil1 & oil ( c9namon leaves4 ,?\gh ! fir/ two are v mu* alike1 ! ,ceylon oil is consid]$ ! be/4 ,ceylon c9namon oil 7oleum c9namoni ceylonici74--,=m]ly ?is oil 0 exclusively di/ill$ f *ips & wa/e ( ! g5u9e c9namon b>k ( ! ,c9namonum ceylonicum1 ,nees1 & came into comm]ce f ,ceylon4 ,h[ev]1 ! fabrication ( ! oil f c9namon wa/e or *ips is n[ ext5sively c>ri$ on 9 ,g]many1 & ?is oil1 be+ prep>$ ) ! assi/ance ( m p]fect app>atus1 has almo/ entirely supplant$ t export$ f ,ceylon4 ,:5 fre%1 ! ,ceylon oil is colorless1 b :5 /or$ = "s "t x becomes fir/ gold5 yell[ & lat] on br[ni%4 ,x is ?ickly-fluid & heavi] ?an wat]1 its specific gravity be+ #a4jfj to #a4jij4 ,x has an agreeable1 aromatic odor & a bit+ b pure1 sweet ta/e4 ,its pr9cipal con/itu5t is c9namaldehyde 7,c#i;,h#h,o71 & x conta9s1 besides1 #d to #h p] c5t4 ( eug5ol4 ,! pres5ce ( ! latt] 9 c9namon oil may be e/abli%$ by %ak+ ) #ae p] c5t4 soda-solution1 :]eby ! eug5ol is dissolv$1 & decompos+ ! aque\s solution ) hydro*loric acid4 ,! eug5ol sep>at$ !reby gives 9 alcoholic solution1 :5 comp\nd$ ) a trace ( f]ric *loride1 a beautiful blue color4 ,cassia oil 7oleum cassi74--,9 ,*9a & ,co*9 ,*9a ?is oil is obta9$ by di/illation f ! b>k1 unripe fruits1 buds1 & o!r wa/e ( ! ,c9namonum cassia or ,c9namonum aromaticum1 ,nees1 a tree indig5\s to ^? c\ntries4 ,x has a pale yell[ color1 :i* 9 "t becomes br[n4 ,x is ?ickly-fluid1 ( specific gravity #a4je to #a4jg1 & possesses a sweet ta/e ) an acrid aft]-ta/e4 ,l c9namon oil1 x consi/s *iefly ( c9namaldehyde1 b conta9s no eug5ol1 & h5ce c be readily di/+ui%$ f ,ceylon oil by ! above-m5tion$ reaction4 ,"o "p ( pure cassia oil dissolves 9 two p>ts ( #hj p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,c9namon root oil & oil ( c9namon leaves4--,nei!r ( ^! oils conta9s c9namaldehyde1 b abundant quantities ( eug5ol1 ! root oil z mu* z #ej to #gj p] c5t4 ,! root oil is q limpid & has an agreeable odor ( c9namon & cloves4 ,! leaf oil is ?ickly-fluid1 ( ! consi/5cy ( ca/or oil4 ,! ,ceylon oil is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) cassia oil4 ,su* adult]ation is v difficult to detect1 & c only be recogniz$ by exp]ts by ! odor & ta/e4 ,! quality ( cassia oil is recogniz$ by ! ta/e & odor1 especially on heat+1 & ! high specific gravity1 9 consequ5ce ( :i* ! oil s9ks 9 wat]4 ,accord+ to ,hag]1 cassia oil is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) oil ( cloves4 ,?is is1 h[ev]1 sc>cely probable1 ! price ( oil ( cloves be+1 on an av]age1 high] ?an t ( cassia oil4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) *eap] ?ickly-fluid volatile oils1 especially ) c$> oil4 ,9 ?is case ! oil does n dissolve 9 ! above-m5tion$ proportion 9 alcohol4 ,! value ( cassia oil is dep5d5t on its cont5ts ( c9namaldehyde4 ,h5ce1 ! e/abli%m5t ( its actual value requires a quantitative det]m9ation ( its cont5ts ( c9namaldehyde1 :i* un=tunately pres5ts great difficulties4 ,= ?is purpose ,s*immel ,co4 proce$ indirectly z foll[s3 #ge grammes ( cassia oil 9 a capaci\s boil+ flask are mix$ ) #cjj grammes ( a boil+-hot #cj p] c5t4 solution ( acid sodium sulphite1 :]eby c9namaldehyde-sodium sulphite is imm$iately sep>at$4 ,! :ole is !n vigor\sly agitat$ & all[$ to re/ = a %ort "t4 7,) oils ri* 9 aldehyde consid]able heat+ g5]ally takes place1 :i* mu/ ev5tually be mod]at$ by ! addition ( cold wat]47 ,next add ab\t #bjj grammes ( hot wat] & heat ! :ole1 ) frequ5t %ak+1 9 ! wat]-ba? until ! comb9ation ( ! aldehyde ) ! acid-sodium sulphite is completely dissolv$1 & ! non-aldehydes 9 ! =m ( an oily lay] float ^u ! solution ( ! aldehyde salt4 ,n[ all[ ! :ole to cool1 !n %ake twice ) e!r2 fir/1 ) ab\t #bjj cubic c5timet]s1 & !n ) #ajj2 comb9e ! e!real extracts ( ! non-aldehydes sep>at$ by means ( a sep>atory funnel1 & filt] !m into a capaci\s1 previ\sly-weigh$ beak] provid$ ) a plat9um wire1 ! l[] end ( :i* is b5t 9 ! =m ( a spiral4 ,n[ evaporate ! e!r z mu* z possible1 by plac+ ! beak] 9 hot wat]4 ,:5 by sw++ ! beak] ! rema9+ fluid no long] foams up1 all[ to cool (f & weigh4 ,n[ return ! beak]-glass to ! wat]-ba? = t5 m9utes1 weigh aga9 aft] cool+1 & repeat ! op]ation until ! diff]5ce betwe5 two weigh+s does n am\nt to m ?an #j4c gramme at ! utmo/4 ,! weigh+ previ\s to ! la/ is tak5 z ! correct "o4#f #f ,! mann] ( expell+ ! e!r is ( great influ5ce ^u ! accuracy ( ! result4 ,?\gh ! non-aldehydes volatilize ) difficulty1 !y are volatile1 & h5ce ! e!r mu/ be quickly expell$1 & ! beak] n all[$ to /& long] ^u ! wat]-ba? ?an necess>y = ! evaporation ( ! e!r4 ,! weight ( ! non-aldehydes ?us obta9$ is d$uct$ f ! cassia oil us$1 ! diff]5ce giv+ ! cont5t ( c9namaldehyde 9 ! latt]4 ,= example3-- ,us$ #gi4ga grammes ( oil4 ,fir/ weigh+ ( ! beak] aft] evaporat+ ! e!r #adg4ee grammes ,second #adf4hd ,?ird #adf4eh ,t>e ( ! beak] #abh4cd ,h5ce non-aldehydes 9 ! oil #adf4hd grammes4 ,less t>e #abh4cd ------ #ah4ej grammes4 ,calculat$ to p] c5t41 #bc4a p] c5t4 #ajj - #bc4a #gf4i p] c5t4 c9namaldehyde4 ,by accurately foll[+ ! directions giv51 ! diff]5ce betwe5 two controll+ det]m9ations w be only a few t5?s p] c5t41 seldom z mu* z #a p] c5t4 ,= practical purposes1 = :i* alone ?is me?od is int5d$1 ?is is m ?an suffici5t4 ,accord+ to ! reports ( ,s*immel ,co41 all ! cassia oil br\ght into comm]ce f ,*9a 0 = a consid]able "t adult]at$ ) res9 & petroleum1 !y hav+ f\nd z mu* z #cj p] c5t4 ( res9 9 ! oil4 ,su* adult]ation c be e/abli%$ by ! det]m9ation ( ! specific gravity & di/ill+ ! oil4 ,good cassia oil %\ld %[ a specific gravity ( #a4je to #a4jg at #ei ,f41 & by di/illation #ij p] c5t4 ( pure cassia oil mu/ pass ov]4 ,! residue %\ld n solidify aft] cool+ & acquire ! "* ( a brittle res92 x mu/ rema9 at lea/ ?ickly-fluid1 & "u no conditions am\nt to m ?an #aj p] c5t4 ,citron oil 7oleum citri71 f ! peel ( ! fruit ( ,citrus m$ica or ! citron tree4 ,! oil is prep>$ 9 a simil> mann] to t ( oil ( b]gamot1 ei!r by expression or di/illation1 ! latt] process yield+ m & pur] oil4 ,rectifi$ citron oil is colorless1 ( an agreeable p5etrat+ odor & acrid ta/e1 & v s5sitive to light & air4 ,by exposure to light x turns yell[1 & if air be admitt$ at ! same "t1 x is fir/ conv]t$ into a fluid :i*1 on acc\nt ( its cont5t ( ozone1 possesses /rong blea*+ p[]s4 ,! oil at ! same "t acquires a disagreeable odor1 resembl+ t ( oil ( turp5t9e1 & is f9ally conv]t$ into a res9\s mass4 ,citron oil is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) oil ( orange & sometimes ) oil ( b]gamot4 ,^! adult]ations are readily detect$ by an exp]i5c$ p]son by ! odor1 ?is be+ 9 fact ! be/ guide4 ,! specific gravity ( citron oil is #j4hej at #ei ,f42 x boils at f #ccb4f to #cdc4d ,f4 & congeals at #d ,f4 ,citronella oil 7oleum citronell7 is *iefly di/ill$ 9 ,ceylon f ! lemon grass1 ,&ropogon ,n>dus1 ,l4 ,x is q limpid1 ( a gre5i%-yell[ to br[n color1 & has an odor resembl+ t ( g5u9e citron oil4 ,its specific gravity is #j4hif at #ei ,f41 & x boils at f #cib to #daj ,f4 ,( ! v>i\s oils rea*+ ! m>ket t ) ! trade-m>k ,fi%] is mo/ 9 dem&1 x be+ di/+ui%$ by special purity4 ,edw>d ,krem]s has f\nd 9 citronella oil an aldehyde1 ,c#g;,h#ad,o1 a t]p5e1 ,c#aj;,h#af1 citronellol1 :i* is isom]ic ) borneol2 fur!r1 acetic acid & val]ianic acid4 ,! ,indian di/ill]s1 x is claim$1 adult]ate ! citronella oil ) petroleum1 an addition up to #be p] c5t4 be+ n uncommon4 ,accord+ to exp]im5ts by ,s*immel ,co41 pure citronella oil mu/ give a cle> solution1 :5 #a "p ( ! oil is vigor\sly %ak5 ) #aj p>ts ( #hj p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,if1 9 execut+ ! te/1 ! k9d ( turbidity is obs]v$1 & :e!r ! portion insoluble 9 alcohol sep>ates1 aft] /&+1 ^u ! surface or on ! bottom ( ! fluid1 & fur!r1 if ! above-m5tion$ quantity ( alcohol is n add$ at "o "t1 b at fir/ only #a or #b p>ts ( x1 a conclusion may be drawn z to ! k9d & quantity ( ! adult]ant4 ,petroleum causes a milky-:ite turbidity1 :ile 9 ! pres5ce ( fat oil ! mixture becomes turbid1 b n actually milky4 ,z a rule1 fat oil deposits1 aft] /&+1 on ! bottom1 :ile petroleum floats ^u ! surface ( ! fluid4 ,citronella oil adult]at$ ) fat oil does n dissolve 9 #a to #b p>ts nor 9 #aj p>ts ( #hj p] c5t4 alcohol1 :ile oil adult]at$ ) n too l>ge a quantity ( petroleum1 gives a cle> solution ) #a to #b p>ts4 ,! det]m9ation ( ! specific gravity may also s]ve = ! detection ( adult]ations4 ,?is holds good1 h[ev]1 only = petroleum1 :i* r$uces ! specific gravity1 an addition ( fat oil produc+ no deviation 9 ?is respect4 ,! specific gravity ( ! oil %\ld n be bel[ #j4hie at #ei ,f4 ,citronella oil is mu* us$ = p]fum+ *eap hair oils & toilet soaps2 x is ! *ief con/itu5t ( all p]fumes = honey-soaps4 ,9 ! ,am]ican soap indu/ry x is ext5sively us$1 ! ye>ly consumption be+ e/imat$ at #a million ounces4 ,cloves1 oil ( 7oleum c>yophylli71 is obta9$ by di/illation ) /eam1 or by extraction f ! cloves ( comm]ce1 :i* are ! dri$ unexp&$ fl[] buds ( ,c>yophyllus aromaticus1 ,l41 or ! clove tree4 ,oil ( cloves1 :5 fre%1 is almo/ colorless1 b on exposure to air acquires a br[ni% coloration & a ?ickly fluid consi/5cy4 ,x has ! aromatic ta/e & odor ( cloves1 & a specific gravity ( #a4cjj to #a4jfe4 ,x frequ5tly %[s a slightly acid reaction1 boils at #dhb ,f41 & congeals at #d ,f4 ,x is readily soluble 9 alcohol1 e!r1 & /rong acetic acid4 ,x consi/s ( a t]p5e 7,c#aj;,h#af7 & eug5ol 7,c#aj;,h#ab,o#b71 ! odor ( ! oil be+ due to ! latt]4 ,! t]p5e has a specific gravity ( #j4iah1 & 9 di/ill+ passes ov] fir/ 7light oil ( cloves74 ,! eug5ol1 :5 fre%1 is colorless1 has ! odor & ta/e ( cloves1 a specific gravity ( #a4jfc at #fe ,f41 boils at #dhg4d ,f41 is insoluble 9 wat] & glyc]91 b soluble 9 alcohol1 e!r & glacial acetic acid4 ,its alcoholic solution is color$ magnific5tly blue by f]ric *loride4 ,if 9 an alkal9e solution x is oxidiz$ ) potassium p]manganate1 vanill9 be+ =m$4 ,an inf]ior quality ( oil is obta9$ f ! /ems ( ! clove buds4 ,x dissolves ) great] difficulty ?an ! oil prep>$ f ! buds1 & has a d>k] r$-br[n color4 ,to te/ ! value ( oil ( cloves1 introduce1 accord+ to ,/ohman1 into a graduat$ glass cyl9d] #aj volumes e!r1 #aj oil ( cloves1 & #cj ( a #aj-p] c5t4 soda solution4 ,aft] vigor\s %ak+1 ! eug5ol dissolves2 ! increase 9 volume ( ! aque\s fluid is !n proportional to ! quantity ( eug5ol pres5t4 ,= m exact det]m9ations1 dissolve a weigh$ quantity ( oil1 repeat$ly %ake ! aque\s fluid ) e!r to remove ! t]p5e1 !n decompose ! eug5ol-sodium ) dilute sulphuric acid1 dissolve ! sep>at$ eug5ol 9 e!r & weigh aft] evaporat+ ! e!real fluid4 ,good oil ( cloves does n conta9 less ?an #hj p] c5t4 ( eug5ol1 & frequ5tly #ij p] c5t4 or m4 ,oil ( cloves is *iefly adult]at$ ) copaiba oil & c$> oil4 ,su* adult]ation is recogniz$ by ! oil n =m+ a cle> solution 9 e proportion ) alcohol1 z is ! case ) pure oil ( cloves4 ,oil ( cloves is mu* us$ = p]fum+ purposes4 ,eucalyptus oil 7oleum eucalypti7 is obta9$ f ! leaves ( v>i\s trees ( ! eucalyptus family4 ,accord+ to ,m]k two k9ds ( oil mu/ be /rictly kept ap>t3 oleum eucalypti f ! leaves ( eucalyptus globulus & oleum eucalypti au/rale1 ! =m] be+ us$ 9 m$ic9e1 & ! latt]1 :i* is consid]ably *eap]1 *iefly = p]fum+ purposes4 ,h[ev]1 ,piesse's op9ion t eucalyptus oil1 z f> z its odor is conc]n$1 does n des]ve to be class$ among p]fumes is und\bt$ly correct4 ,x has an odor betwe5 t ( oil ( turp5t9e & cajeput oil1 & z long z p]fum]y is ! art ( sweet odors1 su* oil _c be designat$ a p]fume4 ,:5 n rectifi$1 eucalyptus oil is mo/ly yell[i% or blui%4 ,9 a rectifi$ /ate x is colorless1 cle>1 limpid1 light] ?an wat]1 ( a /rong odor1 & acrid ta/e4 ,! oil f eucalyptus globulus has a specific gravity ( #j4ijj to #j4ibe1 & dissolves 9 e proportion 9 #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,x is optically inactive or turns ! plane ( pol>ization slightly to ! "r4 ,on /&+ ) sodium x acquires a yell[i% coloration1 & does n detonate ) iod9e4 ,! oil f eucalyptus au/rale has a specific gravity ( #j4hf to #j4hg1 & is b sp>+ly soluble 9 #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 s t ev5 a solution prep>$ 9 ! proportion ( #a3ae is turbid4 ,x turns ! plane ( pol>ization /rongly to ! left2 acquires1 on /&+ ) sodium1 a r$ coloration1 & detonates ) iod9e4 ,eucalyptus oil consi/s ( eucalyptol & eucalypt5e1 & p]haps o!r hydroc>bons4 ,! cont5t ( ! fir/1 on :i* dep5ds ! m$ic9al value ( ! oil1 v>ies v mu* 9 ! oils f ! diff]5t species ( eucalyptus1 ! oil f "s species1 x is said1 conta9+ no eucalyptol :atev]4 ,eucalyptol 7,c#bd;,h#bj,o#b7 is limpid1 colorless1 turns ! plane ( pol>ization1 has a specific gravity ( #j4ije1 & boils at #cdg ,f4 ,its vapor mix$ ) air has an agreeable1 refre%+ ta/e1 & its dilute solutions rem9d "o ( roses4 ,eucalypt5e 7,c#bd;,h#ah7 has a specific gravity ( #j4hcf1 & boils at #cbi ,f4 ,f5nel oil 7oleum fniculi7 is d]iv$ by di/illation f ! fruits ( ,fniculum vulg>e1 ,ga]tn]4 ,l>ge quantities ( x are produc$ 9 ,saxony1 & also 9 ,galicea4 ,x is q colorless1 limpid1 ( specific gravity #j4idj to #j4igj &1 ) a full cont5t ( /e>opt5e1 possesses a nause\s sweet ta/e & odor4 ,x conta9s #fj to #gj p] c5t4 ( ane?ol & congeals at f #da to #ej ,f4 to a cry/all9e mass4 ,! leaves ( ! plant also conta9 a volatile oil1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 less valu$ ?an ! se$-oil4 ,good f5nel oil %\ld dissolve cle> 9 #a to #b p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,direct adult]ations ( ?is oil d n occur1 b ! /e>opt5e is frequ5tly )drawn by fractional di/illation :]eby ! oil loses mu* 9 value4 ,su* oil fre$ f /e>opt5e does n congeal1 has a m bitt] ?an sweet ta/e & does n dissolve 9 ! above-m5tion$ proportion 9 alcohol4 ,9 p]fum]y f5nel oil is b little us$2 sometimes 9 connection ) o!r volatile oils = p]fum+ soaps4 ,g]anium oil1 palm>osa oil1 ,turki% g]anium oil is obta9$ f ,&ropogon ,pa*nodes4 ,x is yell[i%1 limpid1 ( specific gravity #j4hij at #ei ,f41 possesses a v agreeable rose-l odor resembl+ t ( g]anium oils f ,pel>gonium radula1 ,aiton1 & = ?is reason is g5]ally designat$ z ,turki% g]anium oil4 ,! odor ( ! oil is improv$ by %ak+ x ) wat] conta9+ lemon juice1 any cont5t ( copp] be+ !reby remov$4 ,! wa%$ oil is !n br\ght into %all[ di%es & expos$ = two or ?ree weeks to ! sun1 :]eby its odor becomes /ill m l t ( rose oil4 ,! oil ?us prep>$ is mu* us$ = adult]at+ rose oil4 ,turki% g]anium oil is also mu* us$ = ! adult]ation ( g5u9e g]anium oil & is itself adult]at$ ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,x is ext5sively employ$ 9 p]fum]y1 especially = p]fum+ hair oils & pomades1 & 9 conjunction ) g]anium oils = rose soap4 ,ea/ ,indian g]anium oil is obta9$1 *iefly 9 ! ,presid5cy ( ,bombay1 f ,&ropogon ,s*o5antus1 ,l4 ,x is gre5i%-yell[ to yell[-br[n1 has a specific gravity ( #j4ijf at #ei ,f41 & consi/s ma9ly ( g]aniol 7,c#aj;,h#ah,o74 ,its odor is rose-l1 ?\gh modifi$ by a lemon-l odor4 ,x is pr9cipally us$ = p]fum+ *eap] articles4 ,fr5* & ,african g]anium oils 7oleum g]anii7 are obta9$ by di/illation ) wat] f ! leaves ( v>i\s species ( pel>gonium4 ,_m diff]5t k9ds ( ?is oil are f\nd 9 comm]ce4 ,! f9e/ & mo/ exp5sive are ! ,spani% & ,fr5* g]anium oils1 s-call$ ros1 :i* are di/+ui%$ by _! f9e odor1 closely resembl+ t ( rose oil4 ,!y are d]iv$ f ,pel>gonium radula1 & are ei!r yell[i%1 br[ni%1 or pale gre51 ! br[ni% oils be+ pref]r$4 ,x congeals at #fj4h ,f4 & turns ! plane ( pol>ization to ! "r4 ,ano!r good g]anium oil is ! ,african1 :i* is *iefly prep>$ 9 ,algi]s f ,pel>gonium roseum1 ,wild5[1 & ,p4 odoratissimum1 ,aiton4 ,x closely resembles ! ,fr5* oil1 b turns ! plane ( pol>ization to ! left4 ,fr5* g]anium oil is said to be frequ5tly adult]at$ ) fat or copaiba oil2 b g]anium oil be+ soluble 9 #gj p] c5t4 alcohol1 su* adult]ations are readily detect$4 ,add to #e cubic c5timet]s ( #gj p] c5t4 alcohol 7specific gravity #j4hij7 at #ei to #fb4e ,f41 #aj drops ( ! oil1 & %ake4 ,if a cle> solution results ! oil is v likely unadult]at$4 ,! s-call$ ,turki% g]anium oil is frequ5tly f\nd mix$ ) cocoanut oil4 ,to detect ?is1 place ! oil 9 a te/-tube 9 ice or a cold mixture = sev]al h\rs1 :]eby ! cocoanut oil sep>ates z a :ite sub/ance4 ,adult]ations ( upw>d to #bj p] c5t4 are said to frequ5tly occur4 ,reliable te/s to detect an adult]ation ( ! bett] qualities ( g]anium oil ) ^? ( a l[] grade d n exi/1 ! odor be+ ! only guide4 ,jasm9e oil or oil ( jessam9e1 f ! fl[]s ( ,jasm9ium (fic9ale1 ,l41 & ,j4 gr&iflorum4--,! oil is exclusively obta9$ by ! absorption process1 & is ! mo/ priz$ by ! p]fum]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 exce$+ly r>e on acc\nt ( ! enorm\s co/ ( its production4 ,! extract ( jasm9e1 ! ess5ce de jasm9e ( ! ,fr5* manufactories1 is a solution ( ! oil1 z obta9$ by extraction ) l>d or beef suet1 9 /rong _s ( w9e4 ,! odor ( jasm9e oil is s peculi> t x is )\t comp>ison1 & z su* _c be imitat$4 ,junip] oil 7oleum junip]i7 is obta9$ by di/illation f ! fruits ( ,junip]us communis1 ,l41 or junip]4 ,! b]ries us$ = ! purpose %\ld be fully gr[n & fre% & bruis$ be=e be+ plac$ 9 ! /ill4 ,unripe b]ries yield a small] quantity & an oil ( some:at diff]5t prop]ties ?an ripe b]ries4 ,! oil obta9$ by di/illation ) /eam is colorless & t by ord9>y di/illation yell[i%1 ! =m] hav+ a specific gravity ( #j4hdj to #j4hfj & ! latt] ( #j4hej to #j4ijj4 ,x consi/s ma9ly ( t]p5es4 ,by /&+1 a /e>opt5e is sep>at$1 :i* cry/allizes 9 fea!ry ne$les f hot _s ( w9e4 ,! odor & ta/e ( junip] oil rem9d "o at ! same "t ( junip] b]ries & oil ( turp5t9e4 ,junip] oil has a great t5d5cy to ?ick52 x becomes res9\s1 acid & ?ickly fluid1 =mic acid be+ =m$4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 well-clos$ bottles1 & protect$ f light4 ,x is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) oil ( turp5t9e & junip]-wood oil4 ,x may be te/$ by its behavior t[>ds alcohol1 z well z by ! ta/e4 ,a drop ( ! oil rubb$ up ) sug>1 & %ak5 ) #ejj grammes ( wat]1 %\ld n imp>t an acrid ta/e to ! wat]4 ,junip] oil gives a cle> solution ) "p absolute alcohol2 by a l>g] quantity x is r5d]$ turbid4 ,lav5d] oil 7oleum lav&ul47--,l>ge quantities ( ?is oil are di/ill$ 9 ,s\!rn ,france1 9 ! neighborhood ( ,grasse & ,nimes1 f ! fl[]s ( lav&ula (fic9alis1 ,*aix1 :i* gr[s wild 9 t region4 ,x is limpid1 colorless1 or yell[i%1 has a /rong odor & a pung5t1 aromatic1 some:at bitt] ta/e4 ,) #ij p] c5t4 alcohol x mixes cle> 9 e proportion1 boils at #cbj ,f41 & has a specific gravity ( #j4hgf to #j4ije4 ,x turns ! plane ( pol>ization to ! left4 ,! be/ ,fr5* lav5d] oil1 di/ill$ f pure fl[]s only1 is br\ght into comm]ce "u ! "n1 ,ess5ce de ,lav&e ,montblanc4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f all o!r k9ds1 9 ! prep>ation ( :i* m or less /ems & leaves are us$1 by its extremely agreeable odor4 ,lav5d] is also ext5sively cultivat$ 9 ,mit*an & ,hit*91 ,engl&1 & us$ = ! prep>ation ( an especially f9e oil1 ! odor ( :i* surpasses ev5 t ( ! be/ ,fr5* product4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 comp>atively exp5sive4 ,f ! leaves & fl[]s ( lav&ula spica ! spike oil is obta9$ by di/illation4 ,x is colorless1 or yell[1 & 9 odor approa*es rosem>y oil m ?an lav5d] oil4 ,its boil+ po9t1 l t ( lav5d] oil1 is at #cff4h ,f41 & its specific gravity #j4if4 ,spike oil turns ! plane ( pol>ization only slightly to ! left1 ! deviation sc>cely ev] exce$+ #j4h4 ,lav5d] oils are v s5sitive to light & air1 !y becom+ ozoniz$ "u _! influ5ce1 & acquire an odor l turp5t9e4 ,h5ce !y mu/ be kept 9 well-clos$ vessels 9 a d>k place4 ,oil ( lav5d] is frequ5tly adult]at$1 *iefly ) alcohol1 fat oils1 oil ( turp5t9e1 & spike oil4 ,to te/ ! oil1 mix a drop ( x ) #aj cubic c5timet]s ( w>m wat]1 & te/ ! odor1 :i* %\ld be pure & agreeably lav5d]-l4 ,! ta/e ( ! vigor\sly agitat$ wat] %\ld be transi5tly bitt] aromatic4 ,"o volume ( ! oil %\ld give a turbid mixture ) "o volume ( dilute alcohol 7specific gravity #j4hie71 b a p]fectly cle> "o ) ?ree volumes4 ,on %ak+ #j4e cubic c5timet] ( ! oil ) a few gra9s ( rosanil9e x rema9s uncolor$1 b1 9 ! pres5ce ( ev5 a trace ( alcohol1 x acquires a r$ coloration4 ,by mix+ 9 a graduat$ cyl9d] equal volumes ( ! oil & di/ill$ wat]1 & %ak+ vigor\sly1 ! oil1 aft] ! wat] has settl$1 %[s a decrease 9 volume if alcohol be pres5t4 ,! pres5ce ( fat oil c be readily recogniz$ by br++ a drop ( ! oil to be te/$ ^u filt]+ pap]2 a grease /a9 is =m$1 :i* disappe>s nei!r at ! ord9>y temp]ature nor by heat+4 ,adult]ation ) oil ( turp5t9e is recogniz$ by ! boil+ po9t1 t ( oil ( turp5t9e be+ #cab4h ,f41 & t ( oil ( lav5d]1 z previ\sly /at$1 #cff4h ,f4 ,spike oil %\ld mix cle> ) equal p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol2 ! contr>y w\ld indicate adult]ation ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,= p]fum]y1 lav5d] oil is ( great importance1 x be+ mu* employ$ by itself1 z well z mix$ ) o!r oils4 ,lemon oil 7oleum limonis7 is obta9$ by v>i\s processes f ! r9ds ( lemons4 ,! be/ & mo/ delicately-sc5t$ oil is obta9$ by ! s-call$ sponge process 9 use 9 ,s\!rn ,italy & ,sicily4 ,! r9ds are soak$ f fifte5 to tw5ty-five m9utes 9 wat]1 to :i* sometimes a little soda is add$4 ,!y are tak5 up s+ly 9 ! "r h& & ! out] surface ( ea* is firmly press$ aga9/ a l>ge & r h>d-gra9$ sponge held 9 ! left h& & secur$ by a /rap4 ,two or ?ree %>p turns ( ! wri/ imp>t :at may be call$ a screw-pressure to ! r9d1 ?us effectually fractur+ ! oil cells1 ! sponge absorb+ ! cont5ts4 ,! sponge is con/antly held ov] an e>!n j> & occasionally squeez$ into x4 ,! fluid 9 ! j> quickly sep>ates into ?ree diff]5t products--! dregs or deposit ( mucilag9\s & cellul> matt]1 "s fruit juice1 & ! pure oil1 :i* floats on ! top4 ,! latt]1 :5 bright & cle>1 is pass$1 by means ( a small glass siphon1 into ! cans ( ?9 copp]1 9 :i*1 aft] seal+1 x is /or$ away = export4 ,! above describ$ primitive mode ( fabrication furni%es ! mo/ highly priz$ oils ( comm]ce2 !y are call$ h&-press$ oils or ess5ces prep>es a l'ponge4 ,9 ! same mann] are obta9$ ! oils f ! sweet & bitt] pomegranate1 ! b]gamotte1 & m&>9 orange4 ,ano!r me?od ( express+ ! oil is t ( ! cuelle piqu]1 mu* us$ 9 ! region ab\t ,nice4 ,! oils obta9$ by ?is me?od1 :i* are also ( a v f9e quality1 are m>k$ ess5ce l'cuelle or au ze/e4 ,! app>atus consi/s ( a r\nd %all[ pan ( copp] or brass1 hav+ a receptacle = ! oil at its l[e/ "p & a lip on "o side = p\r+1 & /udd$ on its concavity by /rong blunt spikes4 ,! workman takes ! fruit & rolls x g5tly b quickly ar\nd ! inside ( ! cuelle2 ! spikes prick ! oil sacs1 :]eupon ! oil1 runn+ d[n ! spikes & ! concavity ( ! pan1 collects 9 ! res]voir at ! l[e/ "p4 ,! oil is filt]$ & !n p\r$ into clean glass bottles1 9 :i* ! impurities are all[$ to settle4 ,9 ,reggio1 :]e especially mu* b]gamot oil is manufactur$1 %eet-metal b[l-l vessels1 /udd$ inside ) %>p ribs1 are us$4 ,six to eight fruits are plac$ 9 ! vessel4 ,a movable lid closes ! vessel1 s t !re is j en\gh space = ! fruits betwe5 ! lid & ! bottom ( ! vessel4 ,if n[ ! lid be revolv$ by h&-or /eam-p[]1 ! r9ds ( ! fruit are torn ap>t1 & ! oil toge!r ) ! juice runs ?r\gh ! sieve-bottom ( ! app>atus into a cyl9drical vessel :]e x cl>ifies4 ,! ?ird me?od ( obta9+ ! oil is by expression4 ,! grat$ r9d is plac$ 9 hair mats1 & subject$ to p[]ful pressure by means ( a screw or lev] press4 ,! process ( di/illation is c>ri$ on z foll[s3 ,! peels1 :i* %\ld be f select fruit1 are spr9kl$ ) p[d]$ salt1 & a few h\rs aft]w>ds suffici5t wat] to moi/5 !m is p\r$ ov] !m4 ,a day or two aft]w>ds m wat] is add$1 & ! :ole is di/ill$ until ei!r no m oil sep>ates or ! /eam1 at fir/ purely fragrant1 beg9s to acquire a rank & r unpleasant smell4 ,! oil obta9$ by di/illation is inf]ior to ! o!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4 ,lately a comb9ation ( ! cuelle & di/ill+ processes has be5 introduc$ by ,dom5ico ,monfalcone1 :i* has giv5 excell5t results4 ,x is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bj4 ,f ,f is a holl[ cyl9d]1 ( %eet-iron1 ! int]ior surface ( :i* is /udd$ ) a l>ge numb] ( small metallic knife-po9ts4 ,?is cyl9d] revolves on two axles atta*$ to x at diagonally opposite po9ts4 ,! cyl9d] hav+ be5 half-*>g$ ) lemons1 toge!r ) a small quantity ( wat]1 is set 9 motion by aid ( ! %aft+ & pulleys driv5 by ! small /eam eng9e4 ,! fruits are !reby made to come 9 contact ) ! metallic lancets1 & _! :ole surface gradually becomes punctur$ suffici5tly to rupture ! cells conta9+ ! volatile oil1 :i* escapes4 ,! cyl9d] ,f ,f has d\ble walls1 ! space betwe5 !m be+ int5d$ = ! circulation ( a curr5t ( /eam1 :i* is admitt$ to heat ! wat] & to facilitate ! extraction ( ! oil1 :ile at ! same "t ! vapors are r>efi$ or aspirat$ by ! vacuum pump ,l4 ,! axles ( ! cyl9d] on bo? sides are holl[2 t on ! side look+ t[>ds ! eng9e is imb$d$ 9 su* a mann] t /eam f ! boil] ,d may be admitt$ at w1 ei!r into ! d\ble walls ( ! cyl9d]1 or into ! int]ior ( ! cyl9d] itself1 :ile ! holl[ passage 9 ! o!r axle communicates ) a cond5s+ worm1 ,g1 ! outlet ( :i*1 ,h1 desc5ds into a cyl9drical vessel1 ,i1 int5d$ to receive ! cond5s$ products1 consi/+ ( wat] & volatile oil4 ,:5 ! app>atus is fir/ set 9 motion ! pump ,l beg9s to produce a vacuum dur+ ! fir/ revolutions ( ! cyl9d]4 ,/eam be+ n[ cauti\sly admitt$ into ! d\ble walls ( ! cyl9d]1 ! wat] is rais$ to boil+ at a comp>atively l[ temp]ature1 & ! vapors *>g$ ) ! volatile oil pass ov] into ! receptacle1 :]e !y sep>ate into two lay]s4 ,! product obta9$ by ?is process is claim$ to be equal 9 quality to t obta9$ by me*anical means1 & ! yield ne>ly d\ble4 ,dur+ ! mon?s ( ,novemb] to ,m>* ! av]age yield f #ajjj lemons 9 ! factories ( ,pal]mo is #cbj grammes ( oil2 9 ^? ( ,mess9a1 :]e a bett] quality ( fruit is employ$1 ! yield is ab\t #djj grammes4 ,! same numb] ( lemons yield ab\t #aj gallons ( juice1 ! collection ( :i* is1 ( c\rse1 a necess>y accompanim5t ( ! manufacture ( volatile oil4 ,pure oil ( lemons is almo/ colorless & has ! odor ( ! fruit4 ,its specific gravity v>ies betwe5 #j4hgeb & #j4hghe2 x boils at #bih4d ,f41 & is soluble 9 all proportions 9 absolute alcohol & glacial acetic acid4 ,x conta9s1 accord+ to ,g4 ,b\*>dat & ,j4 ,lafont1 besides a little cym5e1 sev]al hydroc>bons1 ! mo/ abundant ( :i* is citr5e1 ,c#aj;,h#af1 boil+ ne> #ceb4e ,f41 hav+ a rotatory p[] exce$+ #aje1 & yield+ a solid optically inactive dihydro*loride4 ,oil ( lemons is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) oil ( turp5t9e4 ,?is may be detect$1 accord+ to ,g4 ,heppe1 by sl[ly heat+ ! oil 9 a dry te/-tube ) a small piece ( copp] butyrate to ab\t #cch ,f41 tak+ c>e t ! temp]ature does n exce$ #cef;,f4 ,! copp] salt w dissolve 9 pure oil ( lemons ) a gre5 color1 :ile 9 ! pres5ce ( oil ( turp5t9e a yell[ turbid mixture is obta9$1 r$di%-yell[ cupr\s oxide be+ sep>at$4 ,?is te/ is also applicable to oils ( b]gamot & ( orange-peel4 ,lilac oil is obta9$ f ! fl[]s ( ,syr+a vulg>is1 ! lilac1 by aque\s di/illation & subsequ5t extraction ) b5z9e4 ,x is also frequ5tly prep>$ by ! absorption process4 ,x is us$ = ! mo/ exp5sive p]fumes1 & is seldom f\nd 9 comm]ce4 ,limes1 oil ( 7oleum limett71 is d]iv$ f ! r9d ( ! fruit ( ,citrus limetta1 or lime4 ,! oil is obta9$ 9 ! same mann] z oil ( lemons1 :i* x some:at resembles4 ,its mean specific gravity is #j4hgcd at #hd ,f4 ,! oil made by ! cuelle process is ( a decid$ly yell[ color1 v>y+ 9 int5sity1 be+ d>k] 9 ! fre% product4 ,! diff]5ce 9 flavor & aroma is s m>k$ z sc>cely to require any o!r means ( di/+ui%+ ! oil made by ! cuelle process f t obta9$ by di/illation1 ! fir/ hav+ a decid$ fragrant lemon smell1 :il/ ! di/ill$ oil is v inf]ior1 frequ5tly possess+ little m ?an ! smell ( turp5t9e4 ,l>ge quantities ( oil ( limes are manufactur$ 9 ,dom9ica1 b mo/ ( ! oil export$ f !re is ( an inf]ior quality & 0 =m]ly solely us$ = adult]at+ oil ( lemons4 ,lately x has also be5 employ$ = sc5t+ soaps & 9 ! manufacture ( ! common ess5ces & p]fumes4 ,lic>i oil1 l9alo oil1 is obta9$1 p>tially 9 ,mexico & p>tially 9 ,cay5ne1 f ! wood ( ! :ite c$> 7bois de rose femelle71 ,lic>i canali4 ,x is limpid1 has an agreeable odor1 rem9d+ "o ( roses1 & does n become solid at #d ,f4 ,its specific gravity is #j4hfh at #ei ,f41 & x boils at #chh4d ,f4 ,m>joram oils4--,by di/ill+ ! leaves ( ,origanum m>jorana1 ,l41 ! m>joram oil 7oleum m>joran7 is obta9$4 ,x is yell[i% or gre5-yell[i%1 b becomes r$di%-br[n by age4 ,if badly kept x f9ally becomes ?ickly-fluid & /icky1 sometimes deposit+ a r$di% /e>opt5e4 ,! odor ( m>joram oil is less agreeable ?an t ( ! plant1 & ! ta/e peculi>1 bitt]1 cool+4 ,! oil dissolves readily 9 #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 & :5 mix$ ) equal p>ts ( x yields a cle> solution4 ,its specific gravity is #j4hi to #j4ia4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 entirely fill$1 well-clos$ bottles 9 a %ady place4 ,on com+ 9 contact ) air1 x absorbs oxyg5 ) avidity & =ms a :ite1 odorless1 cry/all9e mass4 ,f ,origanum vulg>e1 ,l41 ! ord9>y m>joram oil 7oleum origani vulg>is7 is obta9$4 ,x is yell[i% or r$di%1 limpid1 ( specific gravity #j4ij to #j4ie1 & has a camphor-l odor4 ,spani% m>joram 7oleum origani cretici7 is obta9$ by di/illation f ! fl[]+ plants ( sev]al v>ieties ( m>joram 7,or4 creticum1 ,or4 hirtum1 ,or4 smyrnum74 ,x is br\ght into comm]ce f ,trie/e1 ,smyrna1 ,salonica1 & o!r ,m$it]ranean seaports4 ,! oil export$ f ,france appe>s to be d]iv$ f ano!r v>iety ( m>joram2 at lea/ x %[s a diff]5t behavior & approa*es m ! ord9>y m>joram oil4 ,! g5u9e oil is ?ickly-fluid1 g5]ally yell[-br[n2 ( specific gravity ,o4#ie to ,o4#ig2 has a /rong1 aromatic odor1 & produces ^u ! tongue a %>p cont9u$ burn+4 ,x dissolves 9 equal p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,x is *iefly adult]at$ ) copaiba oil1 ! pres5ce ( :i* c be recogniz$ by ! oil dissolv+ ) great] difficulty4 ,! m>joram oils are b little us$ = p]fum+ purposes4 ,mignonette oil 7oleum rsd74 ,! well-kn[n mignonette1 ,rsda odoratissima1 yields a ?ick yell[i% oil1 ei!r by mac]ation & absorption1 or by extraction ) e!r or petroleum-e!r4 ,x has a p5etrat+1 disagreeable odor1 :i* c only be r5d]$ agreeable by greatly dilut+ ! oil4 ,9 ga!r+ ! fl[]s c>e mu/ be _h n to mix !m ) leaves1 z ?is spoils ! odor ( ! oil4 ,myrrh oil 7oleum myr?7 is obta9$ f ! leaves ( ,myrtus communis1 ,l4 ,x is yell[i%1 dextrorotatory1 ( specific gravity #j4iaj at #fj4h ,f41 & comm5ces to boil at #cbj ,f4 ,z its pr9cipal con/itu5ts1 ,jahns has e/abli%$ a t]p5e 7,c#aj;,h#af71 boil+ at f #caf4d to #cbj ,f41 & turn+ ! plane ( pol>ization to ! "r1 & c9eol 7,c#aj;,h#af,o71 :i* boils at #cdh4h ,f4 ,besides ^! pr9cipal con/itu5ts !re seems to be pres5t a v small quantity ( a camphor1 correspond+ v likely to ! =mula ,c#aj;,h#af,o4 ,myrtol1 :i* 0 =m]ly suppos$ to exi/ 9 myrtle oil1 has be5 f\nd to be a mixture ( ! dextrorotatory t]p5e & ( c9eol4 ,nutmeg oils4--,f mace1 ! fre% aril ( ! nutmeg 7,myri/ica fragrans1 ,h\tt1 natural ord] ,myri/icace71 mace oil 7oleum macidis71 is obta9$ by di/illation4 ,x is /raw-yell[ or yell[i%1 lat] on yell[-r$di%1 cle>1 some:at ?ickly-fluid1 ( a /rong odor resembl+ t ( mace1 & a ta/e at fir/ mild1 b lat] on pung5t & aromatic4 ,x mixes cle> 9 e proportion ) absolute alcohol1 b ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 #e to #f volumes are requir$ = a cle> solution4 ,! specific gravity ( ! oil v>ies f #j4hg to #j4ib4 ,) iod9e x detonates1 vapors be+ emitt$4 ,! oil obta9$ f dri$ mace has a less agreeable odor4 ,! oil is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) t9cture ( nutmeg prep>$ ) absolute alcohol4 ,su* an adult]ation1 z well z any cont5t ( alcohol1 is recogniz$ by %ak+ #j4e cubic c5timet] ( ! oil ) a gra9 ( rosanil9e4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( alcohol ! oil acquires a r$ coloration1 :ile pure oil rema9s uncolor$4 ,f ! nutmegs1 ! se$ ( ,myri/ica fragrans1 fre$ f ! se$-coat & aril1 a volatile oil 7oleum nuci/ !reum7 is also obta9$ by di/illation4 ,x is g5]ally yell[i%1 seldom colorless1 some:at ?ickly-fluid & has ! odor & ta/e ( nutmegs4 ,x is readily soluble 9 alcohol & e!r & ( specific gravity1 #j4ic to #j4ie4 ,x consi/s ( two oils1 "o specifically light] & fluid1 & ! o!r heavy & cry/all9e4 ,on /&+ x deposits a /e>opt5e1 call$ myri/ic94 ,! nutmeg oils are b seldom us$ 9 p]fum]y4 ,opopanax oil is obta9$ f opopanax4#g ,x is ( gold-yell[ color & an agreeable balsamic odor rem9d+ "o some:at ( myrrh4 ,its specific gravity is #j4ijaf1 & x boils betwe5 #cib & #egb ,f4 #g ,see lat] on "u ,balsams & ,res9s4 ,on acc\nt ( its /r5g?1 ! oil mu/ be v c>efully h&l$ 9 p]fum+1 b if us$ 9 ! correct proportion x is v advantage\s4 ,orange-peel oil1 also call$ ,portugal oil or ess5ce ( ,portugal1 is obta9$ 9 ,italy f ! fre% peels ( ! orange1 ! fruit ( ,citrus vulg>is1 ,risso4 ,x is prep>$ 9 a mann] simil> to t ( oil ( lemons 7:i* see74 ,9 comm]ce a di/9ction is made betwe5 ! ,mess9a oil1 :i* is ( inf]ior quality1 & ! ,calabria oil1 :i* is ( a bett] quality4 ,! ,mess9a oil has a yell[ color1 frequ5tly n mu* d>k] ?an t ( oil ( lemons1 :ile ! color ( ,calabria oil is d>k yell[1 ne>ly br[n4 ,! oil prep>$ f ! peels ( ! bitt] orange 7,citrus big>adia1 ,duhamel71 is ( ! same color z ! sweet ,mess9a oil4 ,x is m us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( liqueurs ?an = p]fum+4 ,orange-peel oils are limpid & h a specific gravity ( #j4hai to #j4i4 ,"o "p ( orange-peel oil %\ld1 accord+ to its age1 dissolve cle> 9 #e to #aj p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,v simil> to orange-peel oil1 ?\gh diff]+ some:at 9 odor1 is ! m&>9 oil obta9$ f ! fre% peels ( ! m&>9 orange1 ! fruit ( ,citrus s95sis4 ,x is br\ght into comm]ce f ,reggio & is said to =m a con/itu5t ( ! g5u9e ess-b\quet4 ,x has a specific gravity ( #j4heb at #ej ,f4 & is dextrorotatory4 ,:ile f ! peels ! volatile oil is b seldom obta9$ by di/illation1 ?is process is exclusively us$ = ga9+ volatile oils f ! fl[]s1 leaves1 & "y bran*es4 ,9 ?is connection two k9ds ( volatile oil h *iefly to be consid]$1 viz3 orange-fl[] oil & petit-gra9 oil4 ,orange-fl[] oil or n]oli oil 7oleum florum aurantii2 ol4 n]oli2 ol4 naph7 is obta9$ by di/illation f ! fl[]s ( ! bitt] orange2 :ile ! fl[]s ( ! sweet orange yield ! s-call$ n]oli-,portugal oil1 :i* is f> inf]ior to ! o!r4 ,on ! ,fr5* ,rivi]a1 ! orange is especially cultivat$ = obta9+ blossoms & leaves = di/ill+ purposes4 ,at ,cannes1 ,le ,cannet1 ,golfe-,juan1 ,vallauris1 ,biot1 ,v5ce1 ,le ,b>1 ,antibes1 ,le ,cap1 ,nice1 & ,m5tone1 ! bitt] orange1 ^: fl[]s are v num]\s & especially suitable = p]fum]y1 is *iefly cultivat$4 ,cannes & ,le ,cannet alone possess #aej1jjj to #afj1jjj su* trees1 & ,golfe-,juan & ,vallauris #bjj1jjj4 ,! fl[]s h>ve/$ 9 ,golfe-,juan am\nt to ab\t #gjj1jjj lbs41 9 ,le ,cannet to ab\t #ccj1jjj lbs41 at ,cannes to ab\t #acj1jjj lbs41 & 9 ,antibes1 ,m5tone1 & ,nice to ab\t #bfj1jjj lbs4 ,"o orange tree yields1 accord+ to its age1 f #b to #ag lbs4 ( fl[]s4 ,! di/illation ( n]oli oil has also be5 lately comm5c$ 9 ,sicily & ,calabria1 b z f> z quality is conc]n$1 ! oil ?us f> br\ght into comm]ce _c compete ) ! ,fr5* oil4 ,oil ( orange fl[]s is at fir/ ne>ly colorless or /raw-yell[1 b becomes r$di%-yell[ :5 kept = "s "t4 ,9 a cle> glass x opalizes blui%4 ,x is limpid & has a slightly bitt] ta/e & a /rong b v delici\s odor4 ,its specific gravity v>ies betwe5 #j4he & #j4ij4 ,x is b sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 b imp>ts to ! latt] an agreeable odor2 ! solution is color$ r$ by sulphuric acid4 ,) #a to #b p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 ! oil gives a cle> solution :i* becomes turbid by a fur!r addition ( alcohol &1 aft] /&+ quietly1 a flaky sep>ation ( /e>opt5e is obs]v$4 ,if n c>efully kept ! oil becomes d>k] & ev5 acquires a disagreeable odor4 ,by rectification ) wat] oil ?us spoil$ c be re/or$4 ,) sodium ! oil does n evolve hydrog5 gas2 x detonates ) iod9e4 ,( ! v>i\s oils ( orange blossoms occurr+ 9 comm]ce ,n]oli petale is ! be/4 ,n]oli oil be+ a v exp5sive oil is expos$ to _m adult]ations4 ,mi]z9ski ev5 ass]ts t no g5u9e unadult]at$ n]oli oil occurs 9 comm]ce1 because x is a well-kn[n fact t :at is sold z g5u9e1 pure n]oli oil1 consi/s on an av]age ( #d_/h g5u9e n]oli oil1 #a_/h oil ( b]gamot1 & #c_/h petit-gra9 oil4 ,fur!rmore1 x is no secret t besides ! fl[]s ( all k9ds ( ,aurantiace1 unripe fruits or fre% peels ( ripe fruits & ev5 "y %oots ( ! bran*es & leaves are subject$ to di/illation4 ,?is ass]tion p]haps goes too f>1 b nev]!less x is advisable to procure ! oil only f a ?or\ghly reliable firm4 ,a v frequ5t adult]ation consi/s 9 an addition ( petit-gra9 oil4 ,su* an addition c only be recogniz$ by ! ta/e & odor4 ,= ?is purpose add to #c drops ( oil 9 a small bottle #aj grammes ( di/ill$ wat]1 &1 aft] %ak+ vigor\sly1 te/ z to ! odor & ta/e4 ,accord+ to ,*evali]1 p\r #a or #b drops ( ! oil ^u sug> & /ir ! latt] 9 wat]2 if ! oil is n g5u9e ! wat] acquires a bitt] ta/e4 ,hag] recomm5ds ! foll[+ te/3 ,mix #c drops ( ! oil 9 a te/-tube ) #dj to #ej drops ( alcohol2 add1 aft] complete solution1 ab\t ! volume ( ! solution ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 & effect mixture by c>eful %ak+4 ,pure oil gives a turbid1 r$di%1 d>k-br[n mixture 7) old oil1 d>k br[n72 almo/ all o!r oils1 :i* may be sub/itut$1 give pal]-color$ 7r$di%1 r$1 or o*]-color7 mixtures2 or1 9 case ! g5u9e oil is adult]at$ ) non-g5u9e1 ! mixture exhibits a consid]ably less d>k-color4 ,:5 ?is te/ has be5 sev]al times execut$ ) g5u9e oil1 no room = d\bt is left4 ,if ! mixture be dilut$ ) f\r times its volume ( wat]1 x becomes yell[i% & milky4 ,! odor ( orange fl[]s is1 accord+ to ,s\beiran1 due to two volatile oils1 ( :i* ! "o hav+ ! mo/ delici\s odor is soluble 9 wat]4 ,! o!r volatile oil1 ( :i* ! n]oli oil ( comm]ce *iefly consi/s1 is sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 & does n possess su* a delici\s odor4 ,?is is ! reason :y good orange-fl[] wat] _c be prep>$ by saturat+ wat] ) n]oli oil4 ,! g5u9e orange-fl[] wat] is obta9$ z a by-product 9 di/ill+ ! oil4 ,n]oli oil is mu* us$ = ! f9] p]fumes1 x be+ especially a necess>y con/itu5t ( eau de ,cologne4 ,x has to be c>efully protect$ f air & light4 ,= p]fum+ purposes x is only suffici5tly ripe aft] hav+ be5 /or$ = at lea/ "o ye>4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x becomes too old1 x incl9es t[>ds rancidity1 :i* may be prev5t$ by comp\nd+ x ) an equal volume ( f9e _s4 ,portugal oil be+ ( inf]ior quality c only be us$ = l[] grade products4 ,petit gra9 oil 7oleum petit gra97 is obta9$ by di/illation f ! leaves1 "y %oots & unripe fruits ( diff]5t ,aurantiace4 ,! be/ oil is t di/ill$ f ! leaves ( ! bitt] orange1 x possess+ an odor simil> to t ( n]oli oil1 b1 ( c\rse1 n s f9e4 ,s\!rn ,france 0 =m]ly ! *ief place = ! production ( ?is oil1 b consid]able quantities ( x are n[ manufactur$ 9 ,p>aguay1 & ! oil at pres5t br\ght f !re into comm]ce be+ ( q a good quality & consid]ably *eap] ?an ! ,fr5* oil1 has almo/ entirely supplant$ ! latt]4 ,orris root1 oil ( 7oleum iridis71 is obta9$ by di/illation ) /eam f ! rhizomes ( ,iris flor5t9a1 :i* is cultivat$ 9 ,s\!rn ,france1 ,dalmatia1 & o!r regions4 ,x has a yell[ color &1 at an ord9>y temp]ature1 a q solid consi/5cy l butt] or wax1 s t x c be r5d]$ fluid only by heat+4 ,x consi/s *iefly ( a rigid odorless body to :i* ! liquid odorif]\s oil adh]es4 ,! solid portion 0 =m]ly designat$ orris-/e>opt5e2 accord+ to ,flueckig] x is1 h[ev]1 myri/ic acid4 ,oil ( orris root is "o ( ! oils :i* keep = ye>s )\t suff]+ injury4 ,x is recomm5d$ to keep x 9 /ock 9 alcoholic solution s t ! myri/ic acid conta9$ 9 x may to a c]ta9 degree be e!riz$1 & _c injuri\sly affect ! odorif]\s pr9ciple4 ,oil ( orris root s]ves z a sub/itute & = /r5g!n+ ! natural odor ( violets4 ,x c1 h[ev]1 be employ$ only = v f9e exp5sive p]fum]y s9ce1 on acc\nt ( ! v slight yield f ! root 7f #ajjj p>ts to "p ( oil71 its price is v high1 g5]ally exce$+ t ( rose oil4 ,an admixture ( o!r volatile oils ( less value w\ld r5d] ! oil fluid at ! ord9>y temp]ature4 ,pat*\li oil4--,by ! "n ( pat*\li are kn[n1 accord+ to ,l4 ,wray1 ,jr41 ! leaves ( ,pogo/emon pat*\li1 ,pellet1 natural ord] ,labiat1 indig5\s to ! ,ea/ ,indies1 & kn[n & us$ = c5turies 9 ! v>i\s regions ( ,*9a1 ,assam1 & ! ,malayan ,isl&s4 ,mo/ ( ! pat*\li comes f ! ,ea/ ,indies4 ,be=e exportation x is sort$ into ?ree qualities3 #a4 ,select$1 consi/+ ( leaves only4 #b4 ,mix$1 leaves ) slight p$uncles & few /ems4 #c4 ,/alky leaves4 ,! be/ quality occurs seldom 9 comm]ce s9ce ! pick+ ( ! leaves does n cov] ! exp5se4 ,accord+ to ,wray1 ! leaves are int5tionally mix$ ) ^? ( ! ruku 7ocimum basilicum1 ,l471 an h]b indig5\s to ! ,malayan ,isl&s4 ,! leaves ( ! latt] are broad] ?an ^? ( pogo/emon pat*\li1 & ! /alks ?9n] & r\nd4 ,se$-capsules are also frequ5tly f\nd among ! leaves1 ?\gh pat*\li seldom fl[]s & be>s se$s4 ,9 ,europe1 pat*\li has be5 an article ( comm]ce s9ce #ahda4 ,9 ! ,ori5t x is highly e/eem$ z a p]fume4 ,! ,arabs ev5 ascribe rem$ial prop]ties to x1 & x is cu/om>y ) !m to fill _! pill[s ) ! leaves to protect !m f infection & prolong _! lives4 ,! peculi>1 p5etrat+1 ?\gh n exactly agreeable1 odor ( pat*\li leaves1 is due to a volatile oil1 ( :i* !y conta9 #a4e to #b p] c5t4 ,9 ! ,ori5t ?is oil has = _m ye>s be5 obta9$ by di/illation4 ,9 ! ,p5ang m>ket two k9ds ( oil1 "o gre5 & ! o!r gold-br[n1 are di/+ui%$4 ,?\gh bo? are sold at ! same price1 !re is a great] dem& = ! gre5 oil4 ,accord+ to ! /atem5ts ( ! di/ill]s1 ! br[n oil is d]iv$ f ! leaves ( old plants & ! gre5 oil f ! leaves ( "y plants4 ,x w\ld seem1 h[ev]1 t ! color is dep5d5t on ! soil ^u :i* ! plants are gr[n1 z well z ^u atmosph]ic influ5ces4 ,:5 ruku is di/ill$ ) pat*\li leaves1 ! oil is yell[ & ?ickly-fluid4 ,9 ,g]many1 ! oil is n[ di/ill$ f import$ leaves4 ,x is ?ickly-fluid1 ( a br[n color1 &1 9 an undilut$ /ate1 possesses a disagreeable1 almo/ mu/y odor4 ,h[ev]1 :5 suffici5tly dilut$ & suitably mix$ ) o!r volatile oils1 ! odor is f> m agreeable1 & = ?is reason x has = "s "t play$ an important "p 9 ! manufacture ( p]fum]y4 ,x has ! advantage ( be+ v yield+ & la/+1 b1 on ! o!r h&1 possesses ! disadvantage ( n comb9+ ) o!r p]fumes1 s t its odor is always p]ceptible4 ,x %\ld always be us$ 9 v small quantities or mu* dilut$4 ,9 comm]ce ,p5ang oil & ,fr5* oil are di/+ui%$1 ! fir/ hav+ a specific gravity ( #j4iei & ! latt] ( #a4jab4 ,:5 kept = any l5g? ( "t ! oil deposits pat*\li-camphor 7,c#ae;,h#bh,o7 9 prismatic cry/als ( #a4jde specific gravity & melt+ at #abg to #abi ,f4 ,^! cry/als h a peculi>1 v la/+ odor4 ,pat*\li oil is soluble 9 equal p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 ! contr>y indicat+ t x is n pure4 ,x is *iefly adult]at$ ) c$> oil4 ,pepp]m9t oil4--,! ,m5?a family furni%es comm]ce ) ?ree oils diff]+ ess5tially f ea* o!r--oil ( curl$ m9t1 pepp]m9t oil1 & poley oil4 ,oil ( curl$ m9t 7oleum m5? crisp7 is sep>at$ by di/illation ) wat] f ! leaves ( ,m5?a crispa1 ,l9n4 ,x is limpid1 yell[i%1 sometimes gre5i%2 9 "t x becomes d>k] & m ?ickly-fluid4 ,its specific gravity v>ies betwe5 #j4hij & #j4ife4 ,x has a /rong odor ( curl$ m9t & a pung5t1 some:at cool+1 slightly bitt]i% ta/e4 ,x is soluble 9 all proportions 9 #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,9 comm]ce a di/9ction is made betwe5 ,g]man & ,am]ican oil ( curl$ m9t1 ! latt] g5]ally conta9+ oil ( turp5t9e & oil ( sassafras4 ,odor1 ta/e1 & ! alcohol te/ suffice = ! det]m9ation ( ! quality ( ! oil4 ,oil ( curl$ m9t conta9s a t]p5e1 ,c#aj;,h#af1 & a body isom]ic ) c>vol1 ! c>vol ( curl$ m9t1 ,c#aj;,h#ad,o4 ,its specific gravity1 boil+ po9t & *emical prop]ties are ! same z ^? ( ! c>vol ( c>away oil1 b x diff]s f x by its odor & turn+ ! plane ( pol>ization to ! opposite direction4 ,9 conjunction ) o!r volatile oils1 oil ( curley m9t is sometimes us$ = p]fum+ soaps4 ,pepp]m9t oil 7oleum m5? pip]it7 is obta9$ f ! fre% fl[]+ pepp]m9t1 ,m5?a pip]ita1 natural ord] ,labiat4 ,9 comm]ce1 ,g]man1 ,engli%1 ,am]ican & ,japanese pepp]m9t oils are di/+ui%$4 ,z reg>ds f95ess1 ! ,g]man oil is inf]ior to ! ,engli% & bett] k9ds ( ,am]ican oils1 b sup]ior to ! ,japanese4 ,! be/ & mo/ exp5sive oil is ! ,engli% s-call$ ,mit*am oil ( pepp]m9t1 :i* dissolves 9 #ej p>ts ( #ej p] c5t4 _s ( w9e & possesses a f9e1 pure ta/e1 x be+ = ?is reason pref]r$ by di/ill]s = ! fabrication ( liqueurs4 ,= p]fum+ purposes1 h[ev]1 ! ,am]ican z well z ! ,g]man oils are v suitable4 ,( ,am]ican oils t ( ,h4 ,g4 ,hot*kiss1 ,l4 ,b4 ,hot*kiss1 ,hale ,p>%all1 & ,fritzs*e ,bros4 enjoy a high reputation4 ,! ,japanese oil is di/+ui%$ f ! re/ by a peculi> tra9-oil-l odor & ta/e1 & is 9 b little dem&4 ,crude oil ( pepp]m9t is yell[i% to gre5i% & conta9s mu* mucus2 x has !re=e to be subject$ to ano!r di/illation ) wat]4 ,! rectifi$ oil is cle> z wat]1 limpid1 ( a /rong b pleasant odor & a specific gravity ( #j4ijj to #j4ijb4 ,old oil ?ick5s & !n %[s an acid reaction4 ,! great] portion ( ! oil congeals at ! freez+ po9t ( wat]2 _m k9ds1 h[ev]1 requir+ b slight cool+ 9 ord] to become solid4 ,! solid portion ( ! oil1 ,m5?ol1 7,c#aj;,h#ab1;,h#b,o7 is a colorless1 f9ely cry/alliz$ body ) an int5se odor ( pepp]m9t4 ,x melts at #ajg4f ,f41 is q fluid at an ord9>y temp]ature & boils at #dac4f ,f4 ,m5?ol is f\nd 9 all oils ( pepp]m9t mo/ abundantly 9 ! ,japanese oil1 :i* conta9s f #ej to #ee p] c5t4 ( x4 ,mit*am oil is also v ri* 9 m5?ol1 x conta9+ f #dj to #de p] c5t41 :ile ! ,am]ican oil conta9s only f #bj to #be p] c5t4 ,am]ican1 ,g]man & ,engli% oils ( pepp]m9t may be di/+ui%$ z foll[s3 ,by add+ to #e or #f drops ( ! oil1 #be to #cj drops ( pure :ite conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 ,am]ican oil ( pepp]m9t becomes heat$ & emits vapors1 ! mixture acquir+ a d>k br[ni% r$ coloration4 ,aft] mix+ ) #h to #aj cubic c5timet]s ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 ! fluid becomes turbid1 pale yell[i% br[n1 or r$di% br[n1 & on boil+ cle> pale br[n4 ,:5 mix$ ) sulphuric acid1 ,g]man oil ( pepp]m9t becomes heat$ )\t emitt+ vapors1 becomes yell[i% r$1 n v d>k1 & turbid4 ,aft] dilut+ ) alcohol1 ! fluid becomes turbid & yell[i% r$1 & on boil+ some:at m transp>5t & currant-r$4 ,engli% oil ( pepp]m9t treat$ 9 ! same mann] z ! o!rs ) sulphuric acid becomes v slightly heat$ )\t any emission ( vapor4 ,aft] dilut+ ) alcohol1 x becomes cle> & raspb]ry r$4 ,z adult]ants ( pepp]m9t oil are m5tion$3 fat oils1 alcohol1 oil ( turp5t9e1 copaiba oil1 mu/>d oil1 & g+] oil4 ,! mo/ frequ5t adult]ation is an admixture ( oil ( turp5t9e4 ,x is recogniz$ by ! oil n dissolv+ cle> 9 equal p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 z is ! case ) ! pure product4 ,to detect ! pres5ce ( copaiba oil1 mix #e drops ( ! oil to be te/$ ) #ae to #bj drops ( fum+ nitric acid1 %ake & all[ x to /& = #a to #b h\rs4 ,aft] ?is "t ! oily portion %\ld be nei!r entirely nor p>tially congeal$1 b rema9 fluid4 ,to detect traces ( mu/>d oil1 br+ #aj drops ( ! oil into a wide reag5t glass1 !n add #c to #d cubic c5timet]s ( absolute alcohol1 #b to #c drops ( silv] nitrate solution & #ab to #ae drops ( ammonia4 ,! mixture is cle> & colorless1 & rema9s s on heat+ to boil+4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( mu/>d oil turbidity & black5+ take place 9 consequ5ce ( ! =mation ( silv] sulphide4 ,aft] boil+1 all[ ! fluid to /& quietly = #b or #c h\rs4 ,if x !n %[s a grayi% turbidity1 ! oil is adult]at$ ) ano!r volatile oil4 ,in/ead ( pure ,am]ican oil ( pepp]m9t1 a product comp\nd$ ) camphor oil1 & mo/ly fre$ f m5?ol1 is said frequ5tly to occur 9 comm]ce4 ,accord+ to ,e4 ,c4 ,f$]]1 ?is is recogniz$ by dissolv+ "o volume ( oil ( pepp]m9t 9 #b volumes ( #id p] c5t4 alcohol1 add+ wat] & %ak+4 ,pure pepp]m9t oil is !n sep>at$ ) a c]ta9 portion ( ! alcohol4 ,= example1 mix #aj cubic c5timet]s ( oil ( pepp]m9t 9 a graduat$ cyl9d] ( #de to #ej cubic c5timet]s' capacity ) #bj cubic c5timet]s ( #id p] c5t4 alcohol1 !n add #aj cubic c5timet]s ( wat] ( #ej ,f4 & %ake4 ,aft] all[+ ! mixture to /& quietly1 two lay]s are =m$1 ! upp] "o ( :i*1 if ! oil is pure1 w am\nt to #ad cubic c5timet]s1 b only to #ab4e cubic c5timet]s if ! oil is fre$ f m5?ol & comp\nd$ ) camphor oil4 ,a l>g] or small] addition ( wat] to ! alcoholic mixture is )\t influ5ce ^u ! height ( ! upp] lay] sep>at$4 ,9 p]fum]y pepp]m9t oil s]ves *iefly = aromatiz+ d5tifrices1 etc4 ,x %\ld be kept 9 well-clos$ bottles 9 a %ady place2 an addition ( #j4e p] c5t4 ( alcohol helps to pres]ve ! oil = a long "t4 ,poley oil 7oleum m5? pulegii74--,9 ,s\!rn ,france & ,spa9 ?is oil is obta9$ by di/illation f ! leaves ( ,m5?a pulegium4 ,x has an odor resembl+ t ( pepp]m9t1 is at fir/ colorless1 b soon becomes yell[1 has a specific gravity ( #j4ibg1 boils at #cfa4d to #cgj4d ,f41 & conta9s nei!r m5?ol nor c>vol4 ,x is us$ = p]fum+ h]b soaps4 ,pim5to oil1 or oil ( allspice 7oleum pim5ta7 f ! bruis$ fruit ( ,eug5ia pim5ta1 allspice1 natural ord] ,myrtace4 ,! oil is pale yell[1 becom+ r$di%-br[n by age2 x has a v pung5t ta/e & int5se odor1 v mu* resembl+ t ( cloves4 ,x is heavi] ?an wat]1 its specific gravity be+ f #a4jba to #a4jcg4 ,x mixes ) glacial acetic acid 9 all proportions4 ,:5 treat$ ) nitric acid1 pure pim5to oil assumes a r$ color1 ) /rong eff]vesc5ce4 ,rose oil or att> ( roses 7oleum ros7 comes almo/ exclusively f ,bulg>ia1 :]e x is obta9$ by di/illation ) wat] f ! fl[]s ( ,rosa damasc5a4 ,! small quantities ( an excell5t quality ( rose oil prep>$ 9 ,s\!rn ,france f ,rosa prov9cialis rema9 9 ! c\ntry ( _! production & d n ev5 cov] ! local dem&4 ,! small productions ( ,p]sia & ,india ne$ also n be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,9 ,tunis1 :]e =m]ly mu* rose wat] 0 prep>$ f ,rosa can9a & also rose oil ( a v f9e quality1 ! di/illation ( roses has1 accord+ to ,*ri/o ,*ri/(f1 be5 entirely ab&on$1 g]anium oil only be+ n[ produc$4 ,9 ! summ] ( #ahhd1 ,s*immel ,co41 ( ,leipzic1 ,g]many1 made ! exp]im5t to obta9 oil on a l>ge scale f indig5\s roses4 ,! result 0 v satisfactory1 #bjjj lbs4 ( rose leaves yield+ ab\t #a lb4 ( oil1 ! extraord9>ily agreeable odor ( :i* 0 s sup]ior to t ( ! ,turki% oil1 t not)/&+ ! high price--d\ble t ( ,turki% oil--x f\nd ready pur*as]s4 ,at ! ord9>y temp]ature ! ,leipzic oil is solid1 x only melt+ at #hi4f ,f4 ,9 ,bulg>ia1 ,kazanlik1 9 ! ,tunds*a ,valley1 is ! c5tre ( ! entire indu/ry & ! pr9cipal m>ket4 ,rose oil is !re call$ gul-jag 7gul1 ! rose1 & jag1 oil74 ,! annual production ( ,kazanlik & neighbor+ places1 am\nt+ #ej ye>s ago to f #dej to #fej lbs41 has )9 a few ye>s ris5 to ! enorm\s figure ( #eejj lbs4 ,9 ,kazanlik two v>ieties ( roses1 kn[n z ! :ite rose & r$ rose1 are cultivat$2 ! =m] be+ ,rosa alba1 ,l41 & ! latt] ,rosa damasc5a1 ,mill]4 ,by di/illation ! :ite rose yields an oil ( little p]fume1 b ri* 9 /e>opt5e4 ,on acc\nt ( its slight odor1 ! :ite rose is seldom di/ill$ by itself1 b occasionally :ite & r$ roses are mix$ 9 ord] to obta9 an oil ri* 9 /e>opt5e1 s t a fraudul5t admixture ( a l>g] quantity ( g]anium oil may be effect$ )\t great dang] ( detection4 ,! l>ge plantations consi/ only ( bu%es ( r$ roses4 ,b on ! edges ( ! field a /rip1 a few feet wide1 is plant$ ) :ite roses1 s t only fl[]s ( little comm]cial value may be pluck$ by pass]s-by4 ,! fl[]s are ga!r$ be=e sunrise1 &1 if possible1 ! same day subject$ to di/illation4 ,! latt] is effect$ 9 a v crude app>atus1 ov] a direct fire4 ,! fl[]s are di/ill$ ) d\ble _! weight ( wat]1 "o-half ( :i* is drawn (f4 ,! product ( sev]al op]ations ?us obta9$ is comb9$ & aga9 di/ill$1 :51 h[ev]1 only "o-six? is drawn (f4 ,?is di/illate is all[$ to /& = "o or two days 9 a place w>m] ?an #ei ,f41 :5 ! oil float+ on ! top is skimm$ (f4 ,x may be suppos$ t on an av]age #ffjj lbs4 ( roses are requir$ to obta9 #b4b lbs4 ( oil1 & t ^! #ffjj lbs4 ( roses correspond to an area ( #a hect>e 7#b4dga acres7 plant$ ) rose bu%es4 ,pure1 c>efully-di/ill$ rose oil is at fir/ colorless1 b soon turns yell[i%4#h ,its specific gravity is betwe5 #j4hcj & #j4hij4 ,x consi/s ( a liquid oil & a /e>opt5e1 ! cont5t ( ! latt] v>y+ v mu*4 ,x is a pure hydroc>bon1 odorless1 ( specific gravity1 #j4hdj to #j4hfj1 & di/ils at #egb ,f4 ,h5ce x is light] ?an ! elopt5e on :i* alone ! odor ( ! rose oil is dep5d5t4 ,rose oil g5]ally congeals betwe5 #ej & #fj ,f41 ?\gh sometimes at a high] or l[] degree1 accord+ to its cont5t ( /e>opt5e4 ,:ile "s oils require ! cold ( w9t] = congeal+1 o!rs are 9 ! heat ( summ] ei!r entirely solid1 or =m a fluid fill$ ) _m cry/als4 ,! odor ( rose oil is peculi>ly honey-l1 & too int5se to be agreeable1 its entire delici\sness be+ only develop$ by /rong dilution1 be x by dissolv+ 9 wat] or alcohol1 or by di/ribution ^u l>ge quantities ( rigid bodies1 fats1 soaps1 etc4 ,9 alcohol x dissolves ) great] difficulty ?an all o!r volatile oils1 #a "p ( x requir+ = solution #adj to #afj p>ts ( alcohol ( #j4hae specific gravity4 #h ,?is1 h[ev]1 applies only to ,bulg>ian oil2 ,fr5* & ,saxon rose oils h a gre5i% color4 ,! l>g] or small] cont5t ( /e>opt5e 9 rose oil seems to be dep5d5t on climatic conditions1 x hav+ be5 rem>k$ t ! quantity is ! great] ! l[] ! temp]ature ( ! region4 ,! oil f ! colde/ & highe/ regions ( ! ,balkan is ri*] 9 /e>opt5e ?an t f ! l[] & w>m] regions4 ,! g5u95ess ( rose oil is g5]ally judg$ by its odor1 its capacity ( congeal+1 & ! mann] ( its cry/allization4 ,! odor is by all means ! mo/ reliable crit]ion1 b requires mu* exp]i5ce1 & especially reliable pure /&>d samples = comp>ison4 ,! capacity ( congeal+ at c]ta9 conditions ( temp]ature1 is1 to be sure1 also a requirem5t ( g5u9e rose oil1 b1 z previ\sly m5tion$1 ?is prop]ty v>ies v mu*1 & is subject to diff]5t influ5ces1 s t a fix$ /&>d at :i* pure rose oil mu/ congeal _c be e/abli%$4 ,att5tion mu/1 h[ev]1 be call$ to ! fact t ! quality ( a rose oil does by no means rise ) its great] capacity to congeal1 s9ce only ! liquid oxyg5at$ portion possesses odor4 ,s*immel ,co4 br+ at pres5t into comm]ce a liquid rose oil fre$ f /e>opt5e :i* c be highly recomm5d$ = f9] alcoholic p]fumes4 ,x rema9s fluid at #cb ,f41 b 9 a cold mixture congeals to a gelat9\s mass1 & h5ce is n absolutely free f /e>opt5e4 ,x has an extremely f9e & p[]ful odor1 & :5 dissolv$ 9 alcohol does n give ! disagreeable cry/all9e sep>ations ( ! ord9>y rose oil1 :i* produce a di/urb+ effect1 especially 9 ! prep>ation ( extracts4 ,= ! insulation & det]m9ation ( ! /e>opt5e 9 rose oil1 ,s*immel ,co4 proce$ z foll[s3 ,heat #ej grammes ( oil toge!r ) #ejj grammes ( #ge p] c5t4 alcohol to f #aeh to #agf ,f4 ,9 cool+1 ! /e>opt5e sep>ates ne>ly quantitatively4 ,sep>ate x f ! fluid1 treat x aga9 9 ! same mann] ) #bjj grammes ( #ge p] c5t4 alcohol1 & repeat ! op]ation until ! /e>opt5e is entirely free f odor4 ,two treatm5ts ( ! crude /e>opt5e are g5]ally suffici5t4 ,9 ?is mann] ,s*immel ,co4 obta9$ f #ahhg ,g]man rose oil #cb p] c5t4 /e>opt5e1 f #ahhh ,g]man rose oil #cd p] c5t41 f #ahhg ,turki% rose oil #ab to #ac p] c5t41 & f #ahhh ,turki% rose oil #ad p] c5t4 ,x is evid5t t su* a valuable product z rose oil is mu* subject$ to adult]ation1 x be+ ev5 said t oils conta9+ sc>cely #aj p] c5t4 ( g5u9e rose oil occur 9 ! m>ket4 ,! *ief adult]ant us$ by ! ,bulg>ians is ! s-call$ g]anium oil1 b actually g+]-grass oil d]iv$ f ,india1 :i* is br\ght by way ( ,arabia to ,con/ant9ople1 & prep>$ = ! purpose ( adult]at+ rose oil by treatm5t ) lemon juice & blea*+ 9 ! sun4 ,! sophi/ication is g5]ally effect$ by spr9kl+ ! g+]-grass oil ?us prep>$ ^u ! rose leaves be=e di/ill+4 ,! g5]al *>act]s ( ?is oil are s simil> to ^? ( rose oil t detection1 :5 ! adult]ation is kept )9 c]ta9 limits1 is v difficult1 s t dur+ ! di/ill+ "t l>ge buy]s & export]s ( rose oil are =c$ to pay1 besides _! o!r (fic]s 9 ,kazanlik1 confid5tial native ag5ts :o con/antly move ar\nd 9 ! di/ill+ regions & report :]e di/illation has be5 c>ri$ on hone/ly1 & :]e ! g+]-grass oil bottle has be5 se54 ,h[ev]1 ! prep>$ g+]-grass oil is frequ5tly n ev5 di/ill$ ) ! rose leaves1 b simply mix$ ) ! f9i%$ rose oil4 ,:e!r a rose oil is free f g]anium or g+]-grass oil is te/$ 9 ,bulg>ia1 accord+ to ,*ri/o ,*ri/(f1 by ! freez+ me?od1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 unreliable4 ,x is bas$ ^u ! fact t an addition ( g]anium oil r$uces ! congeal+ po9t ( rose oil4 ,pure ,bulg>ian rose oil congeals at f #fc4e to #fh ,f42 by ! addition ( g]anium oil1 ! same oil congeals at #fa4be1 #ei1 #ef4ge1 or at a /ill l[] temp]ature1 accord+ to ! quantity add$4 ,! buy] :5 pur*as+ oil c>ries ) him two bas9s1 "o conta9+ hot & ! o!r cold wat]1 :i* he mixes 9 ord] to obta9 a fix$ temp]ature1 ! op]ation be+ controll$ by a ,raumur !rmomet]4 ,9 ! wat] ?us prep>$ he completely subm]ges a #bj gramme flask conta9+ #ae grammes ( ! oil to be te/$4 ,9 ?ree m9utes1 ne$le-l cry/als ( ! sep>at+ /e>opt5e mu/ appe>1 & 9 t5 m9utes cry/allization mu/ be complete4 ,accord+ to ! congeal+ po9t ?us e/abli%$1 ! product is paid =4 ,oil congeal+ bel[ #ei ,f4 be+ evid5tly adult]at$ is reject$ & b>ga9$ = at a special price4 ,_m attempts h be5 made to fraudul5tly make ?is congelation appe> )9 ! limits ( temp]ature p]mitt$1 p>aff9e :i* dissolves well 9 rose oil be+ =m]ly frequ5tly add$4 ,9 su* case ! oil may congeal at f #fe4ge to #fh ,f41 b ! cry/als are opaque1 dirty yell[1 & dissolve to a turbid pa/e :i* collects on ! surface4 ,! simple/ me?od is to di/il :ite roses ) ! r$4 ,! result+ product has n z f9e an odor z t f r$ roses alone1 b is ri*] 9 /e>opt5e4 ,su* oil1 :i*1 unadult]at$1 congeals p]haps at #fh ,f41 c by ! addition ( g]anium oil be r$uc$ to f #fc4e to #fe4ge ,f41 ?us keep+ )9 ! limits p]mitt$4 ,num]\s attempts h be5 made to f9d a rapid & sure way = ! detection ( g]anium oil 9 rose oil1 b ?us f> 9 va94 ,att5tion mu/ also be drawn to ! fact t ! adult]ant is frequ5tly itself adult]at$ ) oil ( turp5t9e be=e be+ sold to ! di/ill]s ( rose oil4 ,besides ! above-m5tion$ g+]-grass oil1 ! actual g]anium oils f ,pel>gonium odoratissimum & ,p4 roseum1 z well z rosewood oil1 s&al-wood oil1 sp]maceti1 p>aff9e1 & fat oils h be5 m5tion$ z adult]ants ( rose oil4 ,! g]anium oils hav+ a by-odor ( lemon oil1 by :i* _! pres5ce c\ld be readily detect$ are n suitable = ! purpose4 ,nei!r c rosewood or s&al-wood oils be us$1 or at lea/ su* adult]ation w\ld be s clumsy z to be imm$iately recogniz$4 ,attempts to adult]ate rose oil by ! addition ( a fat cry/allizable body toge!r ) ano!r volatile oil fail on acc\nt ( ! *>act]i/ic prop]ties ( rose oil /e>opt5e1 :i* resembles no o!r body at pres5t kn[n4 ,:ile rose oil /e>opt5e is light] ?an elopt5e & entirely volatile1 sp]maceti possesses ess5tially diff]5t qualities4 ,x does n =m su* long & specifically light cry/als z rose oil /e>opt5e2 h5ce x readily sep>ates on ! bottom & on %ak+ exhibits a peculi> iridesc5t loamy =mation4 ,fur!rmore x melts at #abb ,f41 & n be+ volatile1 leaves1 on heat+1 a greasy /a9 ^u pap]1 :ile ! /e>opt5e melts at #ie ,f4 &1 on heat+1 volatilizes completely )\t leav+ a greasy /a9 beh9d4 ,if a rose oil is to be te/$1 expose ! bottle conta9+ ! oil to a mod]ate heat until ! cont5ts are entirely liquid2 !n g5tly %ake ! bottle 9 ord] to br+ ab\t an intimate mixture ( elopt5e & /e>opt5e4 ,n[ p\r "s ( ! oil into a cyl9drical glass flask ( #bj to #dj cubic c5timet]s' capacity & all[ x to congeal2 !n1 :ile heat+ 9 ! h&1 obs]ve h[ ! rigid portions act 9 liquefy+4 ,^! rigid1 cry/all9e portions %\ld be transp>5tly cle> &1 be+ light] ?an ! fluid portion1 float1 :ile liquefy+1 9 ! upp] lay] ( ! fluid4 ,h5ce1 if n[ ! fluid be aga9 all[$ to congeal1 ! cry/als %\ld appe> )9 ! upp] half ( ! oil4 ,! above-m5tion$ volatile oils p>tially lack ! prop]ty ( sep>at+ a /e>opt5e 9 cry/als at f #cc4h to #ej ,f41 & ?\gh !y may h a rose odor1 x is n ! mild1 fragrant odor ( g5u9e rose oil4 ,to recognize ! latt]1 ,guib\rt makes use ( pure conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 ,/ir toge!r 9 a wat*-cry/al an equal numb] ( drops ( ! oil & ( ! acid2 pure rose oil pres]ves its *>act]i/ic odor1 :ile ! =eign oils exhibit a disagreeable odor ev5 :5 mix$ ) g5u9e rose oil4 ,s*immel ,co4 give a me?od = an approximate quantitative det]m9ation ( sp]maceti 9 rose oil3 ,boil #c to #e grammes ( /e>opt5e1 sep>at$ 9 ! mann] above giv51 ) #bj to #be grammes ( #e p] c5t4 alcoholic pota% lye = #e to #f h\rs2 !n evaporate ! alcohol & comp\nd ! residue ) hot wat]4 ,9 cool+1 ! great] portion ( ! /e>opt5e sep>ates 9 a cry/all9e mass ^u ! surface4 ,n[ p\r (f ! alkal9e fluid1 wa% ! /e>opt5e ) cold wat]1 !n melt x aga9 9 hot wat]1 all[ x to cool1 p\r (f ! wat]1 & repeat ! same op]ations until ! wa%-wat] is neutral4 ,! comb9$ aque\s fluids are twice %ak5 ) e!r to remove any /e>opt5e susp5d$ 9 !m4 ,! alcoholic lye sep>at$ f ! e!r is acidulat$ ) dilute sulphuric acid & aga9 extract$ ) e!r4 ,aft] evaporation no residue 7fatty acids7 %\ld rema94 ,to control ! exp]im5t weigh ! rega9$ /e>opt5e dri$ at #aid ,f41 add+1 ( c\rse1 ! e!r us$ = extract+ ! alkal9e fluid4 ,!re w be a small loss1 s9ce small quantities ( /e>opt5e always evaporate 9 dry+4 ,rosem>y oil 7oleum rosem>9i or ol4 an?os7 is obta9$ 9 ,s\!rn ,europe1 especially 9 ,s\!rn ,france1 ,dalmatia & ,nor!rn ,italy1 by di/illation f ! fl[]+ rosem>y1 ,rosm>9us (fic9alis1 natural ord] ,labiat4 ,x is1 :5 fre%1 limpid1 colorless1 or yell[i%1 ( a p5etrat+1 camphor-l odor & ta/e1 & specific gravity #j4hhj to #j4iae4 ,by age x becomes d>k] & ?ickly-fluid4 ,! ,fr5* rosem>y oil is ! be/ & mo/ exp5sive4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ! ,italian oil by its mu* m pleasant odor4 ,pure ,fr5* rosem>y oil dissolves 9 an equal "p ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 :ile ! ,italian product requires #b to #c p>ts4 ,! *eap] rosem>y oils are g5]ally adult]at$ ) oil ( turp5t9e1 :i* is recogniz$ by ! oil n dissolv+ 9 ! above-m5tion$ proportion 9 alcohol1 z well z by ! iod9e te/4 ,rosem>y oil does n detonate ) iod9e1 b simply dissolves ) heat+ & p]haps ! emission ( vapors4 ,! ,fr5* rosem>y oil =ms "o ( ! +r$i5ts ( eau de ,cologne & is us$ 9 o!r p]fum]y4 ,rosewood oil or rhodium oil 7oleum ligni rhodii71 is obta9$ by di/illation f ! wood ( ! root & l[] trunk ( ,convolvulus scopi>ius & ,c4 floridas1 ,l41 two plants indig5\s to ! ,can>ies4 ,! wa/e fall+ (f 9 ! manufacture ( rosewood beads is *iefly us$ = ! purpose4 ,! oil is ( a pale yell[ color becom+ br[n by age4 ,x has a pleasant odor resembl+ 9 "s slight degree ! fragrance ( ! rose4 ,x is sometimes us$ 9 *eap p]fum]y z a sub/itute = rose oil4 ,s&al-wood oil 7oleum ligni s&ali7 is di/ill$ f ! :ite ,we/ ,indian or d>k yell[ ,ea/ ,indian s&al-wood 7,santalum myrtifolium74 ,= ! purpose ( di/illation ! wood is rasp$ z f9ely z possible4 ,! oil obta9$ f ! ,ea/ ,indian wood is ! bett] & m valuable4 ,x has a d>k yell[ to br[n color & a pleasant int5se1 rose-l odor1 :ile ! ,we/ ,indian oil is pale yell[ & ( a less agreeable odor4 ,bo? oils are v ?ickly-fluid4 ,! quality & value ( s&al-wood oil are be/ judg$ by ! odor1 an adult]ation ) c$> oil be+ readily detect$ !reby4 ,sassafras oil 7oleum ligni sassafras71 f ! bruis$ root ( ! sassafras tree1 ,sassafras (fic9ale1 natural ord] ,laurace4 ,sassafras is "o ( ! mo/ widely di/ribut$ trees ( ,nor? ,am]ica1 be+ f\nd 9 ,canada1 9 all ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ea/ ( ! prairies1 beyond ! ,mississippi1 & 9 ,mexico4 ,! l>ge/ am\nt ( oil di/ill$ is )9 sixty miles ( ,baltimore1 ,md41 :i* is ! pr9cipal depot = its comm]ce4 ,oil ( sassafras v>ies 9 color f colorless to yell[ & r$4 ,its ta/e is pung5t & aromatic1 be+ agreeable to mo/ p]sons4 ,x has a pleasant odor resembl+ t ( f5nel1 & is heavi] ?an wat]1 its specific gravity be+ #a4jh to #a4ji4 ,x is soluble 9 #d to #e p>ts ( alcohol ( #j4he specific gravity1 & consi/s ( a mixture ( v>i\s oils1 among :i* is safr5e 7,c#aj;,h#af71 a dextrorotatory t]p5e :i* boils betwe5 #caa & #cad4f ,f4 ,by /rongly cool+ 9 a cold mixture1 safrol1 a cry/alliz+ /e>opt5e ( ! composition ,c#aj;,h#aj,o#b1 is sep>at$4 ,safrol is ! *ief con/itu5t ( sassafras oil4 ,x is obta9$ 9 abundance by cool+1 at a temp]ature ( #ac ,f41 ! portion boil+ betwe5 #ddb4d & #dee ,f4 ,x melts at #df4d ,f41 & at a m$ium temp]ature =ms a colorless cle> oil ( pung5t ta/e1 *>act]i/ic odor1 & specific gravity #a4ajd4 ,:5 ! cry/als h be5 heat$ to above #aeh ,f41 !y congeal only aft] rema9+ = weeks at a temp]ature bel[ #cb ,f41 b on be+ melt$ at #fh ,f41 ! fluid mass aga9 congeals readily on cool+4 ,! safrol is neutral1 optically inactive1 boils at #ddi4f ,f41 & is soluble 9 alcohol & e!r4 ,sassafras oil is said to be frequ5tly adult]at$ ) oil ( turp5t9e1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 readily detect$ by ! en]getic reaction & by di/ill+ a sample ( ! suspect$ oil4 ,safrol is v suitable = p]fum+ ord9>y soaps4 ,x has 9 a /ill high] degree ?an camphor oil ! prop]ty ( remov+ ! disagreeable odor ( "s fats1 :ile at ! same "t x imp>ts to ! soaps an aromatic1 refre%+ odor4 ,z a rule #h to #aa ozs4 are us$ = #bbj lbs4 ( soap2 b if x %all at ! same "t s]ve = remov+ ! disagreeable odor ( l[ quality fats1 especially ^? extract$ ) bisulphide ( c>bon or b5z9e1 x is advisable to take #b4b lbs41 or /ill bett]1 #d4d lbs4 = #bbj lbs4 ( soap4 ,9 ?is case ! safrol %\ld be add$ to ! fat aft] melt+ & be=e saponification & ?or\ghly mix$ ) x by /irr+4 ,an excell5t p]fume = ord9>y soaps is a mixture ( safrol & citronella oil1 x be+ at any rate pref]able to oil ( mirbane4 ,! /&>d ( value = safrol is its specific gravity1 :i* %\ld n be bel[ #a4ajd at #ei ,f4 ,specifically light] k9ds conta9 camphor oil & o!r impurities4 ,?yme oil is obta9$ 9 ,s\!rn ,france & ,spa9 by di/illation f ! fl[]+ ?yme1 ,?ymus vulg>is1 ,l4 ,x is gre5i%-yell[ to r$ 7r$ ?yme oil1 oleum ?ymi rubrum71 b by rectification becomes colorless 7:ite ?yme oil1 oleum ?ymi album74 ,bo? oils are q limpid & possess a /rong ?yme odor4 ,! specific gravity ( ! r$ oil is #j4ia to #j4id1 & t ( ! rectifi$ oil #j4hg to #j4hi4 ,! oil prep>$ f ! fre% plant %[s1 z a rule1 a high] specific gravity ?an t f ! dri$ plant4 ,?yme oil consi/s ess5tially ( ?ym5e 7,c#aj;,h#af7 besides "s cym5e 7,c#aj;,h#ad7 & ?ymol 7,c#aj;,h#ad,o71 ! latt] =m+ an ess5tial con/itut5t ( ! oil4 ,oils f :i* ! ?ymol has be5 )drawn occur 9 comm]ce4 ,pure ?yme oil dissolves cle> 9 e proportion 9 #ij p] c5t4 alcohol2 if su* is n ! case1 adult]ation ) oil ( turp5t9e is probable4 ,! oil di/ill$ f ! field ?yme1 ,?ymus s]pyllum1 ,l41 is limpid1 yell[i% to gold yell[1 & ( specific gravity #j4hi to #j4ia4 ,old oil is r$ or br[n & no long] limpid4 ,good oil is soluble 9 e proportion 9 #ij p] c5t4 alcohol & emits only slight vapors :5 br\ght 9 contact ) iod9e4 ,x consi/s l>gely ( ?ym5e & cym5e1 & conta9s a few p] c5t4 ( ph5ol-l bodies4 ,turp5t9e1 oil (4--,"u ! g5]al "n oil ( turp5t9e are compris$ ! volatile oils obta9$ by di/illation f ! res9s or o!r portions ( diff]5t species ( ! p9e4 ,!re is a l>ge numb] ( ^! oils1 ! mo/ important ones ( :i* %all "h be m5tion$1 ?\gh b a few are ( int]e/ to ! p]fum]4 ,au/rian oil ( turp5t9e1 f ,p9us l>icio1 ,poir4--,x is colorless or yell[i%1 transp>5t2 specific gravity1 #j4hfd2 boil+ po9t1 #caa to #cad ,f42 turns pol>iz$ light to ! left2 soluble 9 #f p>ts #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,:5 rectifi$ x has a specific gravity ( #j4hfb1 & is soluble 9 #g p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,g]man oil ( turp5t9e1 f ,p9us sylve/ris1 ,p4 abies1 ,p4 vulg>is1 ,p4 picea1 & ,p4 rotundata1 resembles ! =m]2 specific gravity1 #j4hfj to #j4hgj2 boil+ po9t1 #caa to #cbj ,f42 turns pol>iz$ light to ! left4 ,:5 rectifi$ x is soluble 9 #g p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,fr5* oil ( turp5t9e1 f ,fr5* turp5t9e ( ,p9us m>itima4--,x is colorless or fa9t yell[i%2 specific gravity1 #j4hfj2 boil+ po9t1 #cac to #cae ,f42 turns pol>iz$ light to ! left2 odor peculi>2 ta/e burn+4 ,) #g p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol x gives a cle> solution4 ,v5etian oil ( turp5t9e1 f ,v5ice turp5t9e ( ,l>ix decidua1 ,mill41 is laevorotatory & resembles ! prec$+1 b has a m agreeable odor4 ,v5ice turp5t9e is mo/ly obta9$ 9 ,s\!rn ,tyrol & 9 ,pi$mont1 & yields #ah to #be p] c5t4 ( oil4 ,am]ican oil ( turp5t9e1 f ,am]ican turp5t9e ( ,p9us au/ralis1 ,mi*41 & ,p4 ,ta$a1 ,l4--,x resembles ,fr5* turp5t9e1 b turns pol>iz$ light to ! "r4 ,specific gravity1 #j4hfd2 boil+ po9t1 #cjb to #cab4h ,f4 ,p9e oil 7oleum abietis7 is obta9$ by di/ill+ ) wat] ! leaves or gre5 cones ( ,p9us picea1 ,l41 ,abies pect9ata1 ,d4 ,c4 ,its odor is mu* f9] ?an t ( ord9>y oil ( turp5t9e4 ,x is soluble 9 #g p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,dw>f p9e oil1 ,krummholz or ,lats*5oel 7oleum p9i pumilionis71 is obta9$ by di/ill+ ! "y tops & cones ( ,p9us pumilio ) wat]4 ,x has an agreeable odor1 rem9d+ "o ( junip]2 specific gravity1 #j4hfe2 boil+ po9t1 #cch ,f4 ,! oil is laevorotatory & soluble 9 #ab to #ae p>ts ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol4 ,p9e-leaf oil is obta9$ by di/ill+ ! leaves ( ,p9us sylve/ris or ,p4 abies by means ( /eam4 ,x is dextrorotatory2 has a f9e aromatic odor2 boil+ po9t1 #cbj ,f42 specific gravity1 #j4hge to #j4hgf4 ,templ9 oil 7,ki5oel7 7oleum p9i1 ol4 templ9um7 is obta9$ *iefly 9 "s sections ( ,switz]l& & ,tyrol by di/ill+ ! wood1 bran*es1 leaves1 cones1 etc41 ) wat]4 ,x has a lemon-l odor2 specific gravity1 #j4hfj to #j4hhj2 boil+ po9t1 #cbj to #cbg ,f41 & is laevorotatory4 ,balsam-p9e oil 7oleum abietis canad5sis7 is obta9$ 9 ,canada f ! bran*es ( ,abies balsamea1 ,d4 ,c4 ,x has a slightly yell[i% color1 a v agreeable & refre%+ odor2 specific gravity1 #j4ijb2 boil+ po9t at #cbj to #ccj4h ,f41 & turns pol>iz$ light to ! "r4 ,( ! diff]5t v>ieties ( oil ( turp5t9e m5tion$ only p9e oil & dw>f p9e oil are us$ 9 p]fum]y4 ,oils ( turp5t9e mu/ be kept c>efully protect$ f light & air4 ,:5 badly kept !y gradually become res9\s ) =mation ( =mic & acetic acids4 ,:5 expos$ to ! air oil ( turp5t9e absorbs ozone2 ) iod9e x detonates viol5tly4 ,:5 br\ght 9 contact ) a mixture ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid & nitric acid x ignites4 ,v]b5a1 oil (1 f ! lemon v]b5a1 ,aloysia citriodora1 ,hook]4 ,! plant is cultivat$ 9 ! g>d5s ( ,grasse4 ,! oil is extract$ f ! leaves by di/illation 9 ,augu/1 b on acc\nt ( its high price is almo/ out ( m>ket1 x be+ ev]y:]e sub/itut$ by ! oil ( lemon grass1 ,&ropogon citratus4 ,violet1 oil (4--,! p]fume ( ! violet1 ,viola odorata1 natural ord] ,violace1 is due to a volatile oil ( a gre5 color & ( su* a p5etrat+ odor z to cause heada*e2 x acquires ! agreeable odor ( ! violet only by /rong dilution4 ,! violet f>ms f :5ce ! fl[]s are procur$ = ! production ( ! oil1 are v ext5sive at ,nice & 9 ! neighborhood ( ,flor5ce4 ,! oil is only obta9$ by ! absorption process1 all o!r me?ods to procure x hav+ fail$ up to ?is "t4 ,x is sc>cely obta9able 9 comm]ce1 z ! ,fr5* manufactur]s1 :o prep>e ! great] "p ( x1 use ! v small yield = manufactur+ f9e p]fum]y4 ,vitiv]t or vetiv] oil 7oleum iva ran*usa7 f ! s-call$ cuscus1 ! rhizome ( an ,indian grass1 ,ana!reum muricatum4 ,! oil is obta9$ by di/illation1 ei!r f ! fre% root 9 ,india1 or f ! import$ dri$ root 9 ,europe4 ,! yield is v small4 ,! oil is ?ickly-fluid1 ( a r$-br[n color1 & has an int5se1 b agreeable odor v mu* l t ( oil ( orris root4 ,l ! latt]1 x possesses ! valuable prop]ty ( diffus+ a la/+ p]fume4 ,its value c only be judg$ by ! odor1 & h5ce x %\ld only be pur*as$ f a ?or\ghly reliable firm4 ,w9t]gre5 oil 7oleum gaul!ri7 is obta9$ by di/illation f ! w9t]gre51 ,gaul!ria procumb5s1 a plant common 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,x is ?ickly fluid1 yell[i% gre5 to gold yell[1 ( a sweeti%1 aromatic1 pung5t ta/e & p5etrat+1 n>cotic odor1 :i* becomes agreeable only by /rongly dilut+ ! oil4 ,by rectification ! oil becomes entirely colorless4 ,its specific gravity is #a4agj to #a4aij 7accord+ to ,glad/one1 #a4adb74 ,x is sp>+ly soluble 9 wat]1 b readily s 9 alcohol1 e!r1 *lor(orm1 etc4 ,! aque\s or dilute alcoholic solution is color$ deep violet by f]ric *loride4 ,w9t]gre5 oil boils at #cib ,f42 ! boil+ po9t1 h[ev]1 soon rises to #dca4f ,f41 :5 x rema9s con/ant4 ,betwe5 #cib & #dbh ,f4 a t]p5e 7,c#aj;,h#af7 con/itut+ ab\t #a_/aj ( ! oil di/ils (f2 ! re/ corresponds to ! composition ,c#h;,h#h,o#c2 x is me?yl salicylate ,c#f;,h#d ,,oh ,,co4,,o*#c4 ,w9t]gre5 oil is also obta9$ by di/illation f ,gaul!ria punctata & ,gaul!ria leucoc>pa4 ,an oil1 v closely resembl+ w9t]gre5 oil1 is 9 ?is c\ntry di/ill$ f ! "y %oots ( ! ,am]ican species ( bir*1 ,betula l5ta1 v>i\sly call$ sweet bir*1 black bir*1 *]ry bir*1 & m\nta9 mahogany4 ,accord+ to ,proct]1 ! oil does n exi/ 9 ! bir* b is =m$ by ! action ( ! wat] ^u an odorless body1 call$ gaul!r91 :i* is conv]t$ into volatile oil by ! reaction ( ano!r sub/ance analog\s to emuls94 ,h5ce ! =mation ( oil is simil> to t ( oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,to obta9 ! oil f ,betula l5ta1 ! mat]ial is *opp$ up & plac$ 9 ! /ill1 z mu* z ?is w hold1 a suffici5t quantity ( wat] be+ !n add$ to fill ! /ill ab\t "o-?ird full4 ,! /ill is g5]ally p]mitt$ to rema9 9 ?is condition ov] night1 a fire is made 9 ! morn+ & di/illation proce$s nicely4 ,! manufacture ( bir* oil is c>ri$ on at q a l>ge scale by ,mr4 ,a4 ,h4 ,seidle1 ( ,middleport1 ,s*uylkill ,c\nty1 ,pa4 ,me?yl salicylate may also be artificially prep>$ by heat+ a mixture ( me?yl alcohol1 sulphuric acid & salicylic acid :]eby at fir/ me?yl-sulphuric acid is =m$ :i* is !n conv]t$ into me?yl e!r & sulphuric acid3-- ,,oh ,,o*#c ,,s#b ,,*#c,,oh ,,s#b ,h#b,o ,,oh ,,oh ,,o*#c ,,oh ,,s#b ,c#f;,h#d ,,oh ,,cooh ,,oh ,,oh ,c#f;,h#d ,,s#b ,,co4,,o*#c ,,oh4 ,e!rification succe$s )\t difficulty1 x be+ suffici5t to heat ! mixture = "s "t & !n p\r x into wat] :]eby ! e!r sep>ates z a heavy lay] ( oil4 ,aft] wa%+ ) wat] di/il 9 a direct curr5t ( /eam4 ,! e!r ?us obta9$ is z cle> z wat] &1 z reg>ds its o!r prop]ties1 does n diff] f ! naturally occurr+ oil4 ,?is artificial w9t]gre5 oil is n[ mu* us$ = p]fum+ purposes4 ,w9t]gre5 oil is said to be frequ5tly adult]at$ ) sassafras oil :i* is also specifically heavi] ?an wat]4 ,if1 accord+ to ,hay]1 #e drops ( ! oil 9 a te/-tube be mix$ ) #aj drops ( crude conc5trat$ nitric acid1 a deep blood-r$ fluid results 9 "o m9ute if oil ( sassafras is pres5t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ano!r m9ute1 ! fluid sep>ates a br[n res9\s mass4 ,pure oil1 on ! o!r h&1 is b little alt]$4 ,accord+ to ,p4 ,mac,ewan ! adult]ation ( w9t]gre5 oil ) camphor oil is c>ri$ on at a l>ge scale4 ,! pres5ce ( camphor oil may be recogniz$ by ! specific gravity1 #j4ijj1 :ile t ( pure w9t]gre5 oil is1 on an av]age1 #a4ah4 ,a crude te/--:i* is1 h[ev]1 readily execut$--is z foll[s3 ,/ir a few drops ( ! suspect$ oil 9 wat]4 ,if pure1 ! oil 9 a few seconds s9ks to ! bottom1 b if x conta9s camphor oil sev]al m9utes elapse be=e x deposits1 & !re is "t to obs]ve t ! p>ticles ( oil assume diff]5t =ms1 b n a globul> "o4 ,ylang-,ylang oil 7oleum unon7 is obta9$ by di/ill+ ! fl[]s ( ,unona odoratissima1 indig5\s to ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 ! ,/raits ( ,malacca1 & ,indian ,ar*ipelago4 ,! oil is colorless to yell[i%4 ,its color & specific gravity1 h[ev] v>y v mu*1 accord+ to ! season ( ! ye> 9 :i* x is prep>$1 ! oil di/ill$ 9 ! cold season be+ m colorless & limpid ?an t produc$ 9 ! w>m season4 ,! oil has an exquisite odor1 p>tak+ ( ! jasm9e & ! lilac1 & is us$ 9 ! manufacture ( ! f9e/ p]fum]y4 ,v>i\s k9ds are f\nd 9 comm]ce1 t m>k$ ,s>torius be+ pref]r$4 ,! diff]5ce 9 quality ( ! _m k9ds ( oil f\nd 9 comm]ce is *iefly due to ! me?od ( prep>ation & ! selection ( ! fl[]s1 :i* possess ! f9e/ aroma :5 fre%ly ga!r$4 ,9 di/ill+1 ! fir/ light volatile portions pass+ ov] h an incomp>able p]fume1 :ile ! oil di/ill+ ov] lat] on possesses an insipid odor4 ,h5ce ! manufactur]1 :o only obta9s ! fir/ portions1 w furni% ! f9e/ quality ( oil1 & x is ?is me?od ( prep>ation :i* has ga9$ ! ,s>torius oil its high reputation4 ,:ile accord+ to ,s*immel ,co4's report1 #bbj lbs4 ( fre% ylang-ylang fl[]s yield #b4fd lbs4 ( oil1 ,s>torius = ! prep>ation ( 8 f9e oil di/ils (f only ab\t half ! quantity4 ,conanga oil is a poor] quality ( ylang-ylang oil1 obta9$ f ! same plant4 ,two v>ieties are di/+ui%$ 9 comm]ce1 viz3 ! ,javanese & ,indian4 ,! ,java oil is ! be/1 & may be us$ :]e ord9>y qualities ( ylang-ylang oil w d4 ,accord+ to ,s*immel ,co4's report ! *eap] ,indian oil is v resi/ant & durable 9 soaps1 especially :5 comb9$ ) lic>i or l9alo oil4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,res9s ,,& ,,balsams4 ,! t]m res9s is appli$ to c]ta9 organic sub/ances :i* are v closely relat$ to volatile oils1 9 s f> z _m ( !m are =m$ f ! latt] by oxidation4 ,z previ\sly m5tion$1 by exposure to ! atmosph]ic air all volatile oils und]go a *ange1 :]eby !y ?ick5 & are f9ally conv]t$ into sub/ances possess+ ! "* ( res9s4 ,9 nature mo/ res9s also occur mix$ ) volatile oils4 ,! elem5t>y con/itu5ts ( res9s are c>bon1 hydrog51 & oxyg52 b1 g5]ally speak+1 !y are poor 9 oxyg5 & ri* 9 c>bon4 ,*emically !y behave l weak acids1 _! solutions frequ5tly r$d5+ litmus & sometimes expell+1 on boil+1 ! c>bonic acid f alkal9e c>bonates4 ,indep5d5t ( a possible cont5t ( volatile oil1 e naturally occurr+ res9 consi/s ( sev]al res9s :i*1 h[ev]1 c1 z a rule1 be sep>at$ only ) difficulty4 ,! res9s are g5]ally divid$ into h>d res9s1 s(t res9s or balsams1 & gum-res9s4 ,! h>d res9s are1 at ! ord9>y temp]ature1 solid1 h>d1 & brittle1 c be readily pulv]iz$1 & conta9 little or no volatile oil4 ,! s(t res9s or balsams are kneadable1 & sometimes ev5 semi-fluid2 !y repres5t solutions ( res9s 9 volatile oils1 or a mixture ( volatile oil & res94 ,on exposure to ! air !y are *ang$ by ! volatile oil suff]+ oxidation1 !y becom+ !n m or less h>d1 & may be conv]t$ into actual res9s4 ,! gum-res9s are mixtures ( vegetable gum1 res91 & volatile oils1 & are obta9$ by inspissation ( ! milky juice ( sev]al plants4 ,:5 triturat$ ) wat] !y yield a milky1 turbid fluid1 & dissolve only p>tially 9 alcohol4 ,! res9s are widely diffus$ 9 ! vegetable k+dom1 !re be+ sc>cely a plant :i* does n conta9 res9 9 "o =m or ano!r4 ,"s families ( plants & organs ( plants are1 h[ev]1 di/+ui%$ by _! special weal? ( res9s4 ,! res9s are1 z a rule1 secret$ simultane\sly ) volatile oils 9 special res]voirs1 f :i* !y fl[ out naturally at c]ta9 p]iods1 or are obta9$ by incisions made 9 ! plants4 ,a few bodies ( ! "* ( res9s also occur 9 ! animal k+dom1 & a s]ies ( !m1 ! fossil res9s1 are g5]ally class$ 9 ! m9]al k+dom1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m are v likely d]iv$ f plants4 ,"s res9s1 su* z ! aldehyde res9s1 etc41 are purely artificial products4 ,( ! h>d res9s1 b5zo9 alone is us$ 9 p]fum]y2 ( ! balsams1 ,p]u balsam1 ,tolu balsam1 & /orax balsam2 & ( ! gum-res9s1 ! myrrh4 ,b5zo9 is exclusively obta9$ f ,/yrax b5zon1 ,dry& 7,b5zone (fic9ale1 ,hayne71 a tree :i* gr[s 9 ,java1 ,sumatra1 & ,siam4 ,! b>k ( ! tree is slit to all[ a fluid to fl[ out1 :i* concretes on ! trunk 9 ! =m ( gra9s1 or is collect$ 9 vessels 9 :i* x congeals & assumes ! =m ( lumps 7tampangs74 ,old] trees :i* h be5 frequ5tly tapp$ = res9 yield a product ( a l[] quality2 ! gra9s 7te>s7 =m+1 z a rule1 ! bett] v>ieties4 ,:5 ! b5zo9 collects 9 l>ge masses x always %[s an amygdaloid /ructure1 ! gra9s 7almonds7 ( a r\ndi% =m1 smoo? t]m9ation1 homog5e\s /ructure1 & pal] color1 appe>+ imb$d$ 9 a d>k1 por\s1 or res9i=m mass4 ,accord+ to ! appe>ance ( ! product ?ree v>ieties are di/+ui%$3 ,b5zo9 9 te>s 7,b4 9 lacrimis71 amygdaloid b5zo9 7,b4 amygdaloides71 & lump b5zo9 7,b4 9 sortis1 ,b4 9 massis74 ,! b5zo9 9 te>s =ms loose1 smoo?ly t]m9at$1 longi%1 homog5e\sly appe>+ masses ( an opal-l lu/re1 & fir/ ( a :iti%1 & lat] on1 ( a yell[i%1 r$di%1 or br[ni% color4 ,! sep>ate pieces are up to #c millimet]s 9 diamet]1 ?\gh ! ,siam b5zo9 9 te>s frequ5tly consi/s ( /ill l>g] & g5]ally decid$ly flatt5$ pieces4 ,amygdaloid b5zo9 consi/s *iefly ( :ite pieces1 becom+1 lat] on1 br[ni%1 ( a waxy lu/re & imb$d$ 9 a lu/r\s br[n-r$ res9\s mass4 ,! lump b5zo9 or ord9>y b5zo9 has also an amygdaloid /ructure b is n s ri* 9 almonds z ! prec$+ v>iety & possesses ei!r a f9e granul> or colophony-l gr\nd-mass & is frequ5tly contam9at$ by p>ts ( plants4 ,! ext]ior ( ! v>iety occurr+ 9 comm]ce 9 l>ge lumps %[s1 accord+ to ! mode ( pack+1 ! impr9t ( leaves or ( co>se pack-clo?4 ,b5zo9 g5]ally consi/s ( c9namic & b5zoic acids :i* occur 9 a cry/all9e /ate 9 ! gra9s z well z ! gr\nd-mass2 fur!r1 ( sev]al amorph\s res9s soluble 9 alcohol1 & color+ matt]4 ,! cont5t ( c9namic & b5zoic acids am\nts to f #ab to #bj p] c5t4 ,! be/ v>ieties f ,sumatra & ,s+apore conta9 no b5zoic acid1 & ^? f ,siam no c9namic acid4 ,all v>ieties ( b5zo9 possess a peculi> odor1 t ( ! bett] v>ieties be+ agreeable1 & a sweet1 aromatic1 b pung5t ta/e4 ,! melt+ po9t g5]ally lies betwe5 #agf & #bjc ,f41 t ( ! te>s & ( ! almonds be+ l[] ?an t ( ! gr\nd-mass4 ,a l[ melt+-po9t is accept$ z a m>k ( quality1 ,siam b5zo91 :i* is consid]$ ! be/1 melt+ at #afg ,f4 ,"s v>ieties1 = in/ance1 ^? rec5tly import$ f ,s+apore1 h a pron\nc$ vanilla-l odor2 ! pres5ce ( vanill9 has be5 e/abli%$ 9 !m4 ,! ,sumatra b5zo9 has a /orax-l odor4 ,b5zo9 is sp>+ly soluble 9 *lor(orm1 only p>tially s 9 e!r1 & completely 9 alcohol4 ,on mix+ ! alcoholic solution ) wat]1 ! res9 is sep>at$4 ,petroleum-e!r & b5z9e )draw only b5zoic acid f ! dry1 p[d]$ b5zo94 ,all v>ieties ( b5zo9 dissolve 9 conc5trat$ sulphuric acid to a beautiful purple color$ fluid1 f :i* b5zoic acid1 if pres5t1 is sep>at$ 9 cry/als by ! gradual addition ( wat]4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! pres5ce ( c9namic acid is be/ effect$ z foll[s3 ,boil ! sample 9 milk ( lime1 filt]1 & treat ! solution ) hydro*loric acid4 ,! precipitate !reby sep>at$ is ?or\ghly wa%$1 triturat$ ) potassium p]manganate & wat]1 & heat$1 :]eby 9 ! pres5ce ( c9namic acid1 oil ( bitt] almonds is =m$ f ! latt]1 :i* is readily recogniz$ by ! odor4 ,if b5zo9 conta9+ b5zoic acid be heat$1 :ite vapors are emitt$ :i*1 on cold surfaces1 deposit 9 v delicate1 lu/r\s1 acicul>1 or foliat$ cry/als ( b5zoic acid1 ! s-call$ b5zo9 fl[]s 7,floris b5zoes47 ,b5zoic acid ?us prep>$ possesses an agreeable1 vanilla-l odor1 s9ce by heat+ ! b5zo9 ! great] portion ( ! odorif]\s sub/ance conta9$ 9 x escapes4 ,b5zoic acid sep>at$ by ! wet me?od is odorless4 ,b5zo9 is especially us$ = fumigat+ pa/illes4 ,x is also ( great importance on acc\nt ( its prop]ty ( prev5t+ fats f becom+ rancid1 if add$ to !m 9 small quantities4 ,p]u balsam 7,balsamum ,p]uvianum7 is ! produce ( ! ,balsam ,coa/1 ,san ,salvador1 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 :]e ,sansonate =ms ! c5tral po9t ( ! indu/ry4 ,9 ! m\nta9 =e/s1 back ( ! coa/1 gr[s ! balsam tree 7,myroxylon ,p]eir1 ,klotz*2 ,toluif] ,p]eir1 ,baillon71 natural ord]1 ,papilionace4 ,! ga9+ ( balsam comm5ces :5 ! tree is five ye>s old1 ! collect+ "t beg9n+ 9 ! dry season 9 ! fir/ days ( ,novemb]4 ,! trunks ( ! trees are belabor$ ) hamm]s on f\r places 7accord+ to o!r /atem5ts1 on tw5ty to ?irty71 s t ! b>k is deta*$ 9 /rips4 ,aft] a few days ! b>k ?us loos5$ is burnt (f by means ( tor*es1 :]eupon a balsamic fluid oozes f ! "y wood1 :i* is absorb$ by pieces ( clo? or rags1 plac$ ^u ! d5ud$ places4 ,:5 ! rags are ?or\ghly saturat$ ) balsam1 !y are squeez$ out & !n ?r[n into an e>!n pot fill$ ) boil+ wat]1 :]eby ! balsam is deta*$ & collects on ! bottom ( ! vessel4 ,by ?is process ! ,balsamo de trap is obta9$4 ,by boil+ ! b>k1 :i* falls (f1 a small quantity ( a poor] quality ( balsam1 call$ tacuasonte1 is obta9$1 :i*1 x w\ld seem1 is frequ5tly add$ to ! bett] quality4 ,crude ,p]uvian balsam is a gray-gre5 to dirty-yell[ fluid1 ( ! consi/5cy ( syrup4 ,! process ( purification 9 use on ! ,balsamic ,coa/ is z foll[s3 ,! crude balsam is br\ght into l>ge iron vessels1 hold+ f #acjj to #aejj lbs4 ea*1 & all[$ to cl>ify by quietly /&+ f #h to #ad days1 ! heavy impurities settl+ on ! bottom1 :ile ! light dirt1 toge!r ) ! wat]1 appe>s z foam on ! surface4 ,aft] #h to #ad days ! balsam is drawn (f ?r\gh a cock1 locat$ ab\t #d in*es above ! bottom ( ! vessel1 into a t9n$ iron boil]1 & boil$ ov] an op5 fire at a mod]ate heat = #b to #c h\rs4 ,! foam :i* =ms is sk9n$ (f1 & boil+ cont9u$ until no m foam appe>s4 ,! collection ( balsam cont9ues until ! fir/ ra9 falls 9 ,april or ,may1 :5 ! "w ceases4 ,a vigor\s tree1 well treat$1 yields balsam = #cj ye>s 9 succession1 & if !n all[$ to re/ #e or #f ye>s c be us$ sev]al ye>s long]4 ,! annual yield ( balsam f #ajj trees is said to be ab\t #eej lbs4 ,f ! v odorif]\s fl[]s ( ! balsam tree or1 accord+ to o!rs1 by express+ ! fruits1 a :ite ,p]uvian balsam is obta9$1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 seldom f\nd 9 comm]ce4 ,x is ( ! consi/5cy ( honey1 pale-yell[1 smells ( vanilla & melilot1 & has an aromatic bitt] ta/e4 ,on /&+ = "s "t x deposits cry/als ( myroxoc>p94 ,ord9>y 7black7 ,p]uvian balsam is a black-br[n fluid1 transp>5t & d>k 7honey-yell[ 9 ?9 lay]s71 :i* reta9s its consi/5cy ev5 aft] be+ kept = ye>s & deposits no cry/als4 ,x %[s a slight acid reaction1 has an agreeable odor rem9d+ "o ( gum b5zo9 & vanilla1 & at fir/ a mild1 b1 lat] on1 a %>p & pung5t ta/e4 ,! specific gravity ( pure ,p]u balsam =m]ly v>i$ betwe5 #a4ad & #a4af1 b at pres5t betwe5 #a4ace & #a4ade1 ?is *ange 9 ! specific gravity be+ v likely due to a diff]5t process ( purification4 ,p]u balsam is miscible 9 e proportion ) absolute alcohol1 :ile e!r leaves beh9d undissolv$ a black1 sme>y residue1 & hot oils ( turp5t9e or almonds dissolve only ab\t "o-half4 ,x is miscible ) acetone1 *lor(orm1 amyl alcohol4 ,by dige/+ ! balsam ) aque\s pota% lye1 ,p]u balsam oil1 :i* con/itutes ab\t #fj p] c5t4 ( ! balsam1 sep>ates on ! surface4 ,9 an undecompos$ /ate ! oil is1 accord+ to ,ka*l]1 *iefly b5zyl1 c9namate1 or c9name94 ,! pota% solution sep>at$ f ! ,p]u balsam oil1 conta9s c9namic acid1 b5zoic acid1 & res94 ,! latt]1 accord+ to ,/otze1 c be sep>at$ into two portions1 "o soluble1 & ! o!r insoluble1 9 aque\s alcohol4 ,b5z9e & petroleum-e!r dissolve f ! ,p]u balsam only ! ne>ly colorless c9name9 ( :i* x conta9s up to #de p] c5t4 ,! behavior ( ,p]u balsam t[>ds bisulphide ( c>bon is v *>act]i/ic1 #c p>ts ( x giv+1 accord+ to ,flckig]1 a cle> solution ) #a "p ( bisulphide ( c>bon2 if1 h[ev]1 #h p>ts m ( ! latt] be add$1 up to #cj p] c5t4 ( a d>k res9 is sep>at$1 :ile ! bisulphide ( c>bon is b slightly color$4 ,f ,san ,salvador #aa1jjj to #ac1jjj lbs4 ( ,p]u balsam are annually br\ght to ,europe1 x be+ g5]ally import$ 9 t9 cans1 & m r>ely 9 e>!n j>s surr\nd$ by a k9d ( plait$ matt+4 ,accord+ to :e!r ! product comes by way ( ,engl&1 ,new ,york1 ,brem51 or ,hamburg1 x is di/+ui%$ z ,engli%1 ,am]ican1 ,brem51 or ,hamburg ,p]u balsam4 ,! supply be+ frequ5tly insuffici5t1 ! balsam is subject$ to _m adult]ations4 ,a *eap1 s-call$ ,london ,p]u balsam always conta9$ colophony & _h a specific gravity ( #a4acc4 ,!re c be no d\bt t pure unadult]at$ ,p]u balsam is difficult to obta94 ,z adult]ants1 are us$3 ,alcohol1 volatile oils1 fat oil1 especially ca/or oil2 fur!r1 copaiba balsam1 ,canada balsam1 gurjun balsam1 /orax1 b5zo91 & asphaltum4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( ^! adult]ants is connect$ ) difficulties2 b ! prop]ties ( ,p]u balsam are s *>act]i/ic t x is q easy to detect :e!r x is g5u9e & pure1 or n1 ! specific gravity & proportions ( solubility des]v+ especial att5tion 9 ?is respect4 ,! te/ by ! specific gravity is available1 s9ce mo/ ( ! adult]ants r5d] ! balsam specifically light]1 especially alcohol1 b also copaiba balsam 7specific gravity1 ,o4#ie71 ca/or oil 7#j4if71 oil ( turp5t9e 7#j4hg71 gurjun 7#j4if71 etc4 ,! cu/om>y proc$ure is z foll[s3 ,prep>e a common salt solution ( #a4be specific gravity1 by dissolv+ #a "p ( dri$ sodium *loride 9 #e p>ts ( di/ill$ wat]2 drop ! balsam into ! solution2 e drop ( pure ,p]u balsam s9ks 9 a r\ndi% =m to ! bottom2 b if ! drop aga9 comes to ! surface & spreads out ^u x1 x is a sure sign ( "s k9d ( adult]ation4 ,h[ev]1 ! *ange 9 ! specific gravity by ! admixture ( fat oils is b v slight1 s9ce ! balsam c only be mix$ ) !m to a con=mable fluid 9 ! proportion ( f #g to #aj to #a4 ,ca/or oil =ms an exception 9 ?is respect1 x be+ miscible also 9 o!r proportions4 ,petroleum-e!r is an excell5t te/+ ag5t4 ,br+ into a te/-tube ab\t #b4e grammes ( ,p]u balsam1 & #f to #g c5timet]s ( petroleum-e!r1 close ! tube ) ! f+] & %ake vigor\sly2 a br[n1 ?ickly-fluid mass adh]es 9 unequal lay]s to ! sides ( ! tube1 & be=e runn+ toge!r rema9s 9 ?is position #a to #b m9utes aft] ! petroleum-e!r has be5 p\r$ into a porcela9 sauc]4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! mass is ?9ly-fluid1 & does n1 9 ! above-m5tion$ mann]1 adh]e to ! sides ( ! tube1 b1 aft] %ak+1 collects bel[ ! petroleum-e!r1 ! balsam is adult]at$4 ,aft] %ak+1 imm$iately p\r (f ! petroleum-e!r2 if ! latt] is almo/ colorless1 or b slightly color$ yell[i%1 ! balsam is pure2 if1 h[ev]1 x is turbid1 & soon =ms a s$im5t1 or if x is yell[ or br[ni%1 or br[n1 ! balsam is adult]at$4 ,alcohol is add$ ei!r by itself or 9 ! =m ( saturat$ solution ( /orax1 b5zo91 or ,canada balsam1 by :i* means ! specific gravity ( ! balsam is b slightly *ang$4 ,br+ ! above-m5tion$ common salt solution1 toge!r ) #bj grammes ( ! ,p]u balsam to be exam9$1 into a small flask1 & di/il (f ab\t #e grammes2 gradually mix ! di/illate ) #e drops ( cau/ic pota% lye & potassium iodide solution saturat$ ) iod9e1 %ak+ g5tly until ! mixture acquires a slightly yell[-br[ni% coloration4 ,if ?is coloration does n disappe> 9 "o m9ute1 add drop by drop m ( ! pota% lye until discoloration appe>s4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( alcohol1 yell[ cry/als ( iod(orm1 :i* are readily recogniz$ "u ! microscope by _! =m1 collect on ! bottom ( ! fluid4 ,adult]ation ) a volatile oil is recogniz$ 9 ! di/illate by odor & ta/e4 ,fat oil1 ,canada balsam1 copaiba balsam1 gurjun balsam1 & volatile oil may be recogniz$ by ! foll[+ te/s3 ,if pure ,p]u balsam 9 a porcela9 sauc] is ?or\ghly mix$ ) an equal volume ( pure conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 ! mixture !reby becomes heat$1 vapors ( a pung5t odor be+ emitt$1 & if !n set aside to cool1 x congeals4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( fat or volatile oils1 copaiba balsam1 gurjun balsam1 or ,canada balsam1 x rema9s1 h[ev]1 m or less ?ickly fluid or m or less s(t-sme>y4 ,if ! balsam be pure1 ! cold mixture1 aft] wa%+ ) wat]1 %\ld yield a h>di% or s(t-friable mass1 :i*1 :5 knead$ ) ! f+]s1 %\ld n prove sme>y or /icky4 ,fat oils are also v readily recogniz$ by ! use ( w>m petroleum-e!r4 ,! extract is evaporat$1 saponifi$ ) pota% lye1 extract$ ) alcohol1 evaporat$ & decompos$ ) hydro*loric acid4 ,a mixture ( c9namic acid & any ( ! fatty acids pres5t 9 ! ,p]u balsam is !reby obta9$1 :i*1 aft] treatm5t ) wat]1 rema9s 9 ! residue4 ,( copaiba balsam1 ,p]u balsam c take up z mu* z #be p] c5t4 ,f su* adult]at$ balsam b5z9e dissolves ! copaiba balsam1 toge!r ) c9name91 & ! adult]ation c !n be recogniz$ by ! odor4 ,c9name9 treat$ ) sulphuric acid acquires a *]ry-r$ color1 :ile 9 ! pres5ce ( copaiba balsam or gurjun balsam1 a yell[-br[n coloration appe>s4 ,! detection ( an adult]ation ( ,p]u balsam ) /orax is1 accord+ to ,d5n]1 effect$ z foll[s3 ,%ake 9 a te/-tube #e p>ts ( ! balsam to be exam9$ ) #e p>ts ( a #ae p] c5t4 soda solution 7soda lye ( #a4fj specific gravity7 & #aj p>ts ( wat]4 ,!n %ake ) #ae p>ts ( e!r1 & aft] settl+ p\r (f ! e!r z mu* z possible4 ,repeat ! %ak+ ) #ae p>ts ( fre% e!r4 ,n[ heat ! aque\s residue to boil+1 acidulate ) hydro*loric acid1 add cold wat]1 remove ! res9 sep>at$ !reby f ! fluids1 dissolve x 9 ab\t #c p>ts ( soda lye ( ! above-m5tion$ /r5g?1 dilute ) #bj p>ts ( wat]1 heat to boil+1 & precipitate ) b>ium *loride solution4 ,br+ ! precipitate ^u ! filt]1 &1 aft] all[+ x to dra9 (f1 dry x 9 ! wat]-ba?4 ,!n extract x ) alcohol1 evaporate ! alcoholic extract1 take x up ) conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 add *lor(orm1 & %ake4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( gum b5zo9 or /orax1 ! *lor(orm acquires a violet to blue color4 ,?is me?od is a sure te/ = ! recognition ( ev5 v small admixtures4 ,a cont5t ( asphaltum is readily detect$ by mix+ ! ,p]u balsam ) e!r comp\nd$ ) ab\t alcohol4 ,any asphaltum pres5t rema9s undissolv$1 & may be collect$ ^u a filt]4 ,9 p]fum]y ,p]u balsam is *iefly us$ = pomades & fumigat+ pa/illes1 b also = cosmetics & soaps4 ,tolu balsam is ! produce ( ,myroxylon toluif]um1 ,humb41 ,bonpl4 et ,kun?1 ,toluif]a balsamum1 ,l41 a tree ( ! natural ord] ,papilionace1 gr[+ 9 ,nor?we/]n ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,x exudes dur+ ! heat ( ! day1 & is collect$ 9 g\rds4 ,x soon h>d5s1 by :i* x is di/+ui%$ f ,p]u balsam4 ,9 comm]ce two v>ieties ( ,tolu balsam are f\nd1 "o ( ! consi/5cy ( turp5t9e & ! o!r solid4 ,! fir/ v>iety1 ,brazilian balsam1 =ms a semi-fluid1 turp5t9e-l1 /icky mass1 ( ! color ( copaiba balsam4 ,by long /orage x becomes h>d & br[ni%4 ,! solid v>iety1 ,tolu1 or ,c>?ag5a balsam1 is a brittle1 m or less transluc5t yell[-br[n or r$-br[n res9 ( a granul> or cry/all9e appe>ance4 ,x s(t5s at ab\t #hf ,f41 & melts betwe5 #adj & #adi ,f4 ,view$ "u ! microscope1 x appe>s ri* 9 cry/als ( sep>at$ ciannamic & b5zoic acids4 ,its specific gravity v>ies betwe5 #a & #b4 ,bo? v>ieties ( ,tolu balsam h an aromatic1 slightly pung5t & s\ri% ta/e1 resembl+ some:at t ( ,p]u balsam4 ,!y are readily soluble 9 ord9>y _s ( w9e1 alcohol1 acetone1 *lor(orm1 & pota% lye1 b insoluble 9 petroleum-e!r & bisulphide ( c>bon4 ,9 ,tolu balsam h be5 f\nd tolu5e1 c9namic & b5zoic acids1 & sev]al res9s n yet suffici5tly exam9$4 ,accord+ to ,s*>l+1 tolu5e con/itutes ab\t #a p] c5t4 ( ! ,tolu balsam4 ,x =ms a colorless1 limp oil1 boils1 accord+ to ,deville1 at #cch ,f41 & accord+ to ,e4 ,kopp1 at betwe5 #cji & #cbj ,f41 & has a specific gravity ( #j4heh4 ,x has a %>p1 pung5t1 pepp]-l ta/e1 & an odor resembl+ t ( elemi4 ,9 ! air1 x is gradually conv]t$ by oxidation into a s(t res91 )\t1 h[ev]1 becom+ color$4 ,on boil+ ,tolu balsam ) wat]1 c9namic & b5zoic acids are sep>at$ f ! solution4 ,:5 treat$ ) pota% lye ! res9\s acids are fix$1 & ! tolu5e floats ^u ! fluid4 ,comm]cial ,tolu balsam is frequ5tly m or less mix$ ) vegetable rema9s1 :i*1 h[ev]1 c be readily detect$ ) ! microscope1 especially aft] ! solution ( ! res9\s con/itu5ts4 ,x is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) turp5t9e or p9e res94 ,su* adult]ations may be detect$ by bisulphide ( c>bon1 :i* completely dissolves ^! sub/ances1 b n ! ,tolu balsam4 ,:5 pure ,tolu balsam is triturat$ ) conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 a *]ry-r$ fluid is1 accord+ to ,ulex1 obta9$1 :i* does n evolve sulphur\s acid1 z is ! case 9 ! pres5ce ( turp5t9e-res9s4 ,tolu balsam is *iefly us$ = fumigat+ pa/illes4 ,! t9cture prep>$ f x is also frequ5tly us$ ) advantage to give durability to ! sc5t ( h&k]*ief p]fumes4 ,accord+ to ,holmes & ,nalor1 a ,tolu balsam diff]+ 9 its *emical behavior is f\nd 9 ! ,engli% :olesale trade4 ,9 ?ick lay]s x is yell[-br[n1 b p]fectly transp>5t & gold-yell[ 9 ?9 lay]s & extraord9>ily /icky4 ,by /orage x h>d5s b slightly1 & does n become brittle ev5 if expos$ = sev]al days to a temp]ature ( #bab ,f4 ,its odor rem9ds "o some:at ( glue1 & x develops a pung5t1 %>p ta/e only aft] *ew+ x = a few seconds4 ,its melt+ po9t lies at #acf4d ,f41 be+ l[] ?an t ( ord9>y ,tolu balsam1 f :i* x also diff]s 9 t x completely dissolves 9 e!r z well z 9 b5z9e1 :ile x is only p>tially dissolv$ by pota% lye4 ,! balsam conta9s no tolu5e1 nor a hydroc>bon1 boil+ at #cbj ,f4 ,fur!r inve/igations h %[n x actually to be a natural product1 ! d]ivation ( :i*1 h[ev]1 c\ld n be asc]ta9$4 ,/orax is ! produce ( ,liquid amb> ori5tale1 ,mill1 a planta9-l tree :i* rea*es a height ( ab\t #cb feet4 ,9 ,s\!rn ,asia ,m9or1 especially 9 ,cyprus1 ! tree =ms h&some1 d5se =e/s4 ,accord+ to ,flckig]1 ! balsam is extract$ f ! peel$-(f b>k1 ) ! assi/ance ( w>m wat]4 ,! mass ?us melt$ out s9ks d[n 9 ! wat]1 & is lat] on comb9$ ) ! sub/ance obta9$ by express+ ! boil$ b>k :ile /ill w>m4 ,?is mixture =ms ! liquid /orax 7,/orax liquidus74 ,! residue rema9+ aft] expression is dri$ 9 ! sun & =ms1 "u ! "n ( ,cortex ?ymiamatis1 an article ( comm]ce1 :i* is us$ = fumigat+ purpose1 = ! prep>ation ( ord9>y /orax1 etc4 ,! crude /orax is br\ght to ,smyrna1 ,syra1 & ,kos1 & comes into ! ,european m>ket almo/ exclusively f ,trie/e4 ,liquid /orax is a /icky1 opaque sub/ance ( ! consi/5cy ( turp5t9e4 ,x has a m\se-gray color1 :i* by contact ) ! air becomes br[n on ! surface1 an agreeable b5zo9-l odor1 & a %>p1 pung5t1 aromatic ta/e4 ,x is heavi] ?an wat]1 its specific gravity be+ #a4aab to #a4aae4 ,on los+ its cont5t ( moi/ure 7by dry+ out :5 heat$7 x becomes br[n & cle>4 ,:5 expos$ to ! air 9 a ?ick lay] x does n completely dry1 & 9 a ?9 lay] only aft] consid]able "t2 b :5 press$ ) ! f+] always %[s a c]ta9 /ick9ess4 ,x is p>tially soluble 9 spirits ( w9e1 yield+ ) x a m or less turbid solution4 ,x is also incompletely soluble 9 oil ( turp5t9e1 b5z9e1 petroleum-e!r1 & *lor(orm4 ,view$ "u ! microscope liquid /orax appe>s z a colorless ?icki% fluid1 int]m+l$ ) l>g] & small] drops1 fragm5ts ( b>k tissue1 & n[ & !n1 p]haps1 ) cry/als ( /yrac9 & c9namic acid4 ,liquid /orax conta9s /yrol 7#aj to #ae p] c5t471 /yrac91 & c9namic acid 7#aj to #ae p] c5t474 ,/yrol or c9namol seems to be ! mo/ important c>ri] ( ! odor & ta/e ( liquid /orax4 ,if #bj p>ts ( liquid /orax are subject$ to di/illation toge!r ) #ae p>ts ( cry/alliz$ soda & #bjj p>ts ( wat]1 ! c9namol collects 9 ! =m ( a yell[i%1 v mobile liquid ^u ! di/illate4 ,by rectification x c be obta9$ colorless1 b is !reby p>tially conv]t$ into meta/yrol1 an isom]ic1 amorph\s1 odorless1 & ta/eless sub/ance :i* is solid at an ord9>y temp]ature4 ,by exposure = "s "t to a heat ( #fjh ,f4 x is reconv]t$ into /yrol4 ,/yrol 7,c#h;,h#h7 =ms a cle>1 colorless1 mobile liquid hav+ an odor ( b5z9e & naph?al5e4 ,its specific gravity is #j4ibd & its boil+ po9t lies at #bid4h ,f4 ,9 wat] x is b sp>+ly soluble1 b is miscible 9 all proportions ) anhydr\s _s ( w9e1 *lor(orm1 b5z9e1 e!r1 & oils4 ,x /&s 9 ! same relation to c9namic acid z b5zol to b5zoic acid1 & is =m$ by di/ill+ a mixture ( c9namic acid & b>ium oxide4 ,/yrac9 is c9nyl c9namate4 ,on di/ill+ liquid /orax ) wat]1 /yrol passes ov]4 ,if n[ f ! residue ! c9namic acid be )drawn by means ( soda-solution1 & ! res91 :i* rema9s beh9d1 be treat$ ) cold _s ( w9e1 /yrac9 is left1 :i* cry/allizes f e!r1 hot alcohol1 or b5zol4 ,x =ms colorless1 odorless1 & ta/eless cry/als :i* melt at #aac ,f4 & rema9 = a long "t fluid aft] melt+4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 b soluble 9 #be p>ts cold1 & #b p>ts boil+1 _s ( w9e1 z well z 9 #e p>ts e!r4 ,by oxidiz+ sub/ances x is conv]t$ into bitt] almond oil & b5zoic acid1 & by ! action ( potassium hydroxide x is decompos$ to c9nyl alcohol & c9namic acid4 ,good liquid /orax %\ld yield to #ij p] c5t4 alcohol at lea/ s mu* soluble matt] t ! dri$ residue ( ! filt]$ alcoholic solution am\nts to #fe p] c5t4 ( ! quantity ( /orax4 ,ord9>y liquid /orax1 :i* has n be5 /or$ too long1 conta9s #aj to #bj p] c5t4 ( wat] & ab\t ! same quantity ( impurities 7fragm5ts ( plant tissue7 :i* rema9 beh9d on treatm5t ) ! above-m5tion$ solv5ts4 ,liquid /orax is said to be adult]at$ ) ! turp5t9es ( "s species ( l>* & p9e4 ,su* adult]ation is prim>ily detect$1 accord+ to ,hag]1 by ! specific gravity4 ,take up a drop ( ! balsam ) a knitt+-ne$le1 & by heat+ ! ne$le make x fall into a cold solution ( #a "p common salt & #h p>ts wat]4 ,on /irr+1 ! drop mu/ s9k1 o!rwise adult]ation ) turp5t9e is v likely4 ,next br+ #e grammes ( ! /orax into a te/-tube1 melt x 9 ! wat]-ba?1 add volume ( absolute alcohol1 & mix by %ak+2 !n comp\nd ! mixture ) sev]al times its volume ( petroleum-e!r1 %ake vigor\sly1 all[ to settle1 & decant ! lay] ( petroleum-e!r4 ,repeat twice ?is %ak+ ) petroleum-e!r2 !n evaporate ! petroleum-e!r solution 9 a t>$ flask 9 ! wat]-ba?4 ,! residue rema9+ aft] evaporation is colorless1 blui% opalesc5t1 & ( an agreeable odor2 9 ! pres5ce ( turp5t9e x is yell[i% & has !1 n to be mi/ak51 odor ( turp5t9e4 ,/orax 9 gra9s consi/s ( r\nd1 longi% gra9s ( a br[n-black color & smoo?1 lu/r\s surface1 :i* s(t5 by ! w>m? ( ! h&4 ,x is no?+ b liquid /orax br\ght into a granul> =m & by /or+ fre$ m or less f impurities4 ,ord9>y /orax 7,/yrax calamitus or ,/4 vulg>is7 is an artificial product prep>$ by mix+ liquid /orax ) v>i\s comm9ut$ vegetable sub/ances4 ,=m]ly ! above-m5tion$ b>k ( ! /orax tree 7,cortex ?ymiamatis7 0 only us$ = ?is purpose1 b at pres5t sawdu/ & exhau/$ c9namon are also tak54 ,?is /orax =ms a r$di% or br[n-black1 humus-l mass1 :i* is g5]ally moi/4 ,:5 dri$ x is v friable & has a /orax-l odor di/9ctly call+ to m9d t ( c9namon4 ,good qualities are abundantly cov]$ ) cry/all9e effloresc5ces 7( c9namic acid & /yrac972 poor] qualities prep>$ ) ! addition ( sawdu/ h a mu/y odor4 ,! admix$ vegetable tissue c1 accord+ to ,wiesn]1 be readily recogniz$ by boil+ ! /orax ) alcohol1 & aft] wa%+ treat+ ) dilute *romic acid1 to :i* a small quantity ( sulphuric acid has be5 add$4 ,liquid /orax 0 already us$ = fumigat+ purposes by ! anci5t ,greeks & ,jews1 & x =ms to-day a con/itu5t ( fumigat+ pa/illes1 ess5ces1 etc4 ,/orax t9cture fur!rmore possesses ! prop]ty ( giv+ m con/ancy to sc5ts resembl+ x4 ,piesse says1 9 reg>d to ! odor ( liquid /orax1 t x comb9es ! agreeable ) ! disagreeable1 x possess+ p>tially an odor simil> to t ( ! tub]ose & p>tially "o rem9d+ ( coal-t> oil4 ,h[ev]1 x possesses ?is disagreeable odor only 9 a conc5trat$ /ate2 :5 f9ely divid$ or dilut$1 x diffuses a v agreeable p]fume4 ,"u ! "n ,am]ican /orax1 :ite ,p]u balsam1 :ite ,indian balsam or liquid amb> is f\nd 9 comm]ce a product simil> to /orax1 :i* is d]iv$ f ,liquidamb> /yraciflua1 ,l41 a tree indig5\s to ,mexico & ,l\isiana4 ,?is balsam =ms a cle>1 transp>5t1 br[ni%-yell[1 semi-fluid mass4 ,x has a /orax-l odor1 & a %>p & pung5t ta/e4 ,x is only p>tially soluble 9 alcohol1 specifically light] ?an wat]1 & %[s an acid reaction4 ,x is said to consi/ ( #bd p] c5t4 /yrac91 #a p] c5t4 b5zoic acid1 volatile oil1 etc4 ,x is sometimes us$ = fumigat+ purposes1 b *iefly s]ves = ! adult]ation ( ,tolu balsam4 ,myrrh 7,gummi-res9a myrrha1 ,gummi myrrha7 is a gum res91 ! produce ( ,balsamod5dron ,ehr5b]gianum1 ,b]g1 &1 p]haps1 also ( ,balsamod5dron ,myrrha1 ,nees4 ,! fir/-nam$ tree is f\nd 9 ! c\ntries bord]+ on ! ,r$ ,sea1 & ext5ds into ,africa to ! ,somali ,coa/1 :]e ! pr9cipal supply ( myrrh is collect$4 ,! gum-res9 exudes naturally z a :ite oil-l mass1 :i*1 aft] h>d5+1 :]eby x becomes consid]ably d>k]1 is collect$ by ! natives & br\ght *iefly to ,b]b]a1 a small seaport opposite ,ad51 to be ex*ang$ = ,engli% & ,indian goods4 ,f !re1 by way ( ,ad5 & ,bombay1 x rea*es ! ,european m>ket4 ,9 ,bombay ! fir/ sort+ takes place1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 sup]ficial1 & h5ce has to be repeat$ 9 ,europe 7,london74 ,accord+ to ,p>k]1 t5 diff]5t res9s are admix$ ) myrrh1 especially bdellium res9s4 ,9 comm]ce ,myrrha electa & ,myrrha vulg>is or 9 sortis are di/+ui%$4 ,myrrha electa1 ! be/ quality1 occurs 9 pieces ( irregul> =m & v>iable sizes1 consi/+ ( te>s--ei!r di/9ct or agglom]at$--usually cov]$ ) a f9e p[d] or du/4 ,! surface is seldom smoo?1 b g5]ally r\gh or granul>4 ,! color v>ies1 be+ pale r$di%-yell[1 r$1 or r$di%-br[n4 ,! fracture is con*oidal1 seldom smoo?1 b r granul>1 r\gh1 ( a fatty lu/re1 & sometimes %[s :iti% /ri or ve9s1 or opalesces l fl9t4 ,! fractur$ edges are m or less transluc5t2 ?9 disks or spl9t]s are transluc5t or transp>5t4 ,! specific gravity is1 accord+ to ,hag]1 #a4aie to #a4bje1 & accord+ to ,ruickholdt1 #a4ab to #a4ah4 ,a ,myrrha electa is ! bett]1 ! m fragile1 friable1 & pal] 9 color x is1 & ! m rapidly x ignites & burns ) a yell[1 sooty flame4 ,poor] qualities may be recogniz$ by ! d>k-br[n color & dirty appe>ance4 ,myrrh is ) difficulty rubb$ to a f9e p[d]1 ?is be+ possible only aft] dry+1 :i* mu/1 h[ev]1 be done at a v mod]ate heat 9 ord] to prev5t loss ( volatile oil4 ,accord+ to ,hag]1 myrrh consi/s 9 #ajj p>ts ( ab\t #b4e p>ts volatile oil 7myrrhol71 #be to #ce p>ts res9 7myrrh971 #ee to #fe p>ts gum soluble 9 wat]1 #c to #h p>ts salts1 impurities1 & wat]4 ,wat] =ms ) myrrh an emulsion1 & dissolves ! gum4 ,! res9\s con/itu5ts are dissolv$ by _s ( w9e4 ,! gum1 :i* =ms ! portion ( ! myrrh soluble 9 wat]1 b insoluble 9 alcohol1 & am\nts to f #eg to #ei p] c5t41 is1 accord+ to ,osc> ,koehl]1 a hydroc>bon ( ! =mula ,c#f;,h#aj,o#e4 ,! portion soluble 9 alcohol is1 accord+ to ! same *emi/1 a mixture ( v>i\s res9s1 an indiff]5t s(t res9 ( ! =mula ,c#bf;,h#cd,o#e1 soluble 9 alcohol & e!r1 =m+ ! great] portion ( x4 ,!re are fur!r pres5t two res9 acids1 "o ( :i* has to be consid]$ a bibasic acid ( composition ,c#ab;,h#af,o#h1 & ! o!r z a monobasic acid ( ! =mula ,c#bf;,h#cb,o#i4 ,! pr9cipal con/itu5t ( ! volatile oil ( :i*1 accord+ to ,koehl]1 #g to #h p] c5t4 is pres5t1 :ile ,ruickholdt =m]ly f\nd only #b4ah p] c5t4 corresponds to ! =mula ,c#aj;,h#ad,o4 ,! volatile oil is laevorotatory1 & :5 dilut$ ) bisulphide ( c>bon becomes1 accord+ to ,flckig]1 violet by ! action ( brom9e4 ,an extract ( myrrh1 prep>$ ) bisulphide ( c>bon1 gives ! same reaction ) brom9e vapor4 ,hydro*loric or nitric acid also colors myrrh violet1 :i* also applies to ! volatile oil4 ,petroleum-e!r %\ld1 at ! utmo/1 take up #f p] c5t4 ( ! myrrh1 & ! extract mu/ be colorless4 ,myrrh is frequ5tly contam9at$ ) b>k1 :i* =ms ei!r a film ( cork z ?ick z pap] or a cru/ ( a fibr\s &1 at ! same "t1 brittle nature4 ,s& or small pebbles are also frequ5tly mix$ ) ! myrrh4 ,o!r v>ieties ( gum or gum-res91 :i* consid]ably decrease ! value ( ! product1 are (t5 f\nd 9 ! comm]cial article1 ! inf]ior qualities especially be+ adult]at$ & mix$ ) d>k pieces ( ,suakim gum1 gum ( ! plum or *]ry tree1 bdellium1 & simil> sub/ances1 :i* are p>tially moi/5$ ) myrrh t9cture1 & scatt]$ ov] ) myrrh p[d]4 ,adult]ation ) gum-arabic1 gum ( ! plum or *]ry tree1 :i* are coat$ ) alcoholic myrrh solution1 is recogniz$ by ! pal] lu/re1 great] transp>5cy1 & mucilag9\s ta/e4 ,pieces ( res9 melt on heat+1 :ile myrrh only swells up4 ,bdellium is detect$ by ! d>k or black-br[n color1 t\ghness1 less bitt] ta/e1 & by crackl+ & spitt+ :5 held 9 ! flame ( a c&le1 z well z by ! reaction ( myrrh ) nitric acid discov]$ by ,bona/re4 ,by mix+ #e cubic c5timet]s ( alcoholic myrrh t9cture ) #e to #aj drops ( fum+ nitric acid1 a rose-color coloration pass+ into r$ results4 ,p>k] gives ! foll[+ me?od = te/+ myrrh3 ,prep>e a t9cture ( #a "p myrrh & #f p>ts _s ( w9e4 ,saturate ) ?is t9cture :ite filt]+ pap]1 all[ x to dra9 (f1 & !n wrap x ar\nd a glass rod moi/5$ ) nitric acid ( #a4db specific gravity4 ,) g5u9e myrrh ! pap] imm$iately becomes deep yell[-br[n & !n black1 :ile ! edges ( ! pap] /rip appe> d>k purple-r$4 ,:5 a few drops ( ! t9cture ( myrrh are all[$ to dry 91 a transp>5t residue rema9s beh9d4 ,! t9ctures ( spuri\s articles 7) ! exception ( bissabol7 give turbid residues4 ,myrrh 0 already 9 ,moses's "t an article us$ 9 ! sacrifices ( ! ,israelites4 ,x seems to h be5 made use ( by ,democrates4 ,dioscorides enum]ates eight v>ieties ( x1 & ,pl9y sev51 :i* he obta9$ f ,abyss9ia4 ,h]odotus & ,diodorus ,siculus m5tion ,arabia z ! home ( ! myrrh tree4 ,9 p]fum]y1 myrrh is *iefly us$ = d5tifrices & fumigat+ pa/illes & ess5ces4 ,opopanax is ! inspissat$ juice ( ! root ( ,opoponax ,*ironium1 ,ko*1 or ,f]ula ,opoponax1 ,l4 ,x =ms gra9s or lumps ( a r$-yell[ or br[n color1 & has a fracture ( a waxy lu/re4 ,x c be rubb$ to a gold-yell[ p[d]4 ,x has a /rong & peculi> odor1 & a v bitt] & balsamic ta/e4 ,) wat] x =ms an emulsion1 :ile x is only p>tially soluble 9 _s ( w9e4 ,x conta9s v little volatile oil1 & a res9 :i* melts at #bab ,f41 & is soluble 9 e!r & aque\s alkalies4 ,x fur!r conta9s gum1 organic & inorganic salts1 & =eign admixtures4 ,opopanax is b little us$ 9 p]fum]y4 ,= ,extraits ! opopanax oil is bett] adapt$ ?an ! t9cture prep>$ f ! gum1 ! latt] color+ ! ,extrait d>k4 ,olibanum or ,frank9c5se is ! inspissat$ juice ( v>i\s v>ieties ( ,boswellia1 p>tially indig5\s to ,africa & p>tially to ,asia4 ,! pure pieces are pale yell[1 seldom r$di%1 transp>5t1 or opaque1 brittle1 cov]$ ) a mealy coat+ & ( a spl9t]y fracture4 ,! specific gravity ( olibanum is #a4bb2 its odor is slightly balsamic1 & its ta/e bitt] & pung5t4 ,x melts only incompletely :5 expos$ to heat1 diffus+ an agreeable odor4 ,x consi/s 9 #ajj p>ts ( #e to #g p>ts ( a cle> volatile oil1 boil+ at #cbc4f ,f41 & ( specific gravity #j4hf1 #ef p>ts ( acid res91 & #cj to #cf p>ts gum1 :i* corresponds ) gum-arabic4 ,) wat] x =ms a milky fluid1 & is mo/ly dissolv$ by _s ( w9e4 ,select$ olibanum 7,olibanum electum7 is ! be/ comm]cial v>iety1 :ile ,olibanum naturale1 ,o4 9 lacrymis1 & ,o4 9 sortis1 =m d>k] pieces int]m+l$ ) sep>ate pal] gra9s1 & contam9at$ by pieces ( b>k1 & wood & s&4 ,olibanum is only adult]at$ ) s&>ac & naturally exud$ p9e res91 inspissat$ to te>s by exposure to ! air4 ,! =m] is recogniz$ by ! fracture be+ glassy & transp>5t1 & ! latt] by completely dissolv+ to a cle> solution 9 _s ( w9e4 ,olibanum s]ves z an addition to fumigat+ pa/illes1 etc4 ,s&>ac is ! res9 exud+ f ! b>k ( ,?uja articulata1 ,desf41 or ,callitris quadrivalvis1 ,v5t41 :i* gr[s 9 ,b>b>y4 ,x =ms pale yell[1 transp>5t1 brittle gra9s ) a glassy fracture1 :i* h a specific gravity ( #a4jf to #a4ji & fuse readily4 ,its odor is slightly balsamic & its ta/e some:at bitt]4 ,s&>ac s(t5s at #bab ,f4 & melts at #bge ,f4 ,x dissolves 9 hot absolute alcohol1 e!r1 & amyl alcohol1 is less soluble 9 *lor(orm1 petroleum-e!r1 & volatile oils1 & insoluble 9 b5zol4 ,9 #ij p] c5t4 alcohol ( x dissolve2 ! t]m s&>ac9 has be5 appli$ to ! insoluble portion4 ,accord+ to ,unv]dorb51 s&>ac consi/s ( ?ree diff]5t res9s4 ,x is sometimes employ$ 9 fumigat+ pa/illes4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,p]fume-,,sub/ances ,,f ,,! ,,animal ,,k+dom4 ,musk is a peculi> concrete secretion obta9$ f ,mos*us mo*if]us1 ,l41 an animal be>+ a close resemblance to ! de] 9 %ape & size1 & indig5\s to ! high plateaus ( ,asia4 ,! musk is conta9$ 9 an oval1 hairy1 project+ sac1 f\nd only 9 ! male1 situat$ betwe5 ! umbilicus & ! prepuce4 ,x is f #b to #c in*es long & f #a to #b broad4 ,9 comm]ce1 sev]al v>ieties ( musk are di/+ui%$1 ! pr9cipal ones1 h[ev]1 be+ ,tonk9 & ,kab>d9 musk4 ,tonk91 ,?ibet1 or ,ori5tal musk1 ,yunnan musk 7,mos*us tonqu95sis1 or ori5talis1 or transgangetanus7 is ! be/ v>iety4 ,x comes f ,*9a1 ,tonk91 & ,?ibet4 ,x consi/s ( sacs ( a puff$-up appe>ance1 m r\ndi% ?an longi%1 v>y+ 9 size1 be+ at ! utmo/ #a4gg in*es long1 up to #a4eg in*es broad & #j4ei to #a4ah in*es ?ick1 & weigh+ f #h4df dra*ms to #a oz4 #i4ci dra*ms ea*4 ,! hairy side ( ! sac is concave & ! o!r flat4 ,fig4 #ba %[s an un%orn ,tonk9 musk sac ( m$ium size f ! concave or hairy side & ,fig4 #bb ! same f ! side4 ,! envelop ( ! sac consi/s ( a d\ble sk91 ! out] sk9 be+ gray-br[n4 ,"o side ( ! sac is cov]$ ) /iff1 yell[i% hair ) r$-br[n po9ts1 g5]ally cut %ort4 ,! orig9al packages1 conta9+ usually #bd sacs ea*1 consi/ ( longi%1 f\r-corn]$ boxes l9$ ) lead-foil & cov]$ outside ) "s silk5 /uff4 ,ea* sac is sep>ately wrapp$ 9 tissue pap]4 ,! musk-sub/ance appe>s z a d>k r$ to black-br[n mass int]m+l$ ) hair1 & =m+ r\ndi% gra9s4 ,! odor is p5etrat+ & ! ta/e bitt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4 ,kab>d91 ,sib]ian1 or ,russian musk 7,mos*us sibirius1 or cab>d9icus7 is a *eap] v>iety ( an inf]ior quality1 :i* is br\ght f ,mongolia & ,sib]ia4 ,! sacs 7,fig4 #bc7 are longi%1 g5]ally pe>-%ap$1 flatt] 9 proportion to _! longitud9al & latitud9al dim5sions1 & n ( a puff$-up appe>ance1 ! surface be+ frequ5tly ev5 %rivell$ or wr9kl$4 ,! out] sk9 is d5s] & h>d]1 & on ! convex side cov]$ ) long] hair 7up to #j4i in* long71 ( ne>ly a silv] or br[ni% color4 ,t[>ds ! edge ( ! sac ! hairs are1 h[ev]1 frequ5tly s trimm$ & %orn z to give ! sac a resemblance to ! ,tonk9 article4 ,! musk-sub/ance inclos$ 9 ! sac am\nts to f #h4df dra*ms to #a oz4 ,x is some:at pal]1 m br[n or yell[-br[n1 s(t1 almo/ unctu\s1 :5 fre%1 b aft] /or+1 solid or granul>-pulv]ul5t1 l gr\nd1 burnt c(fee4 ,! odor is weak1 (f5sive1 m ur9ose1 resembl+ t ( ca/or1 or horse sweat4 ,mos*us ex vesicis is said to be ! musk tak5 f ,tonk9 sacs4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 x consi/s ( a mixture ( musk sub/ance tak5 f good sacs :i* pres5t a bad appe>ance1 or h be5 torn1 & f sacs ( an inf]ior quality1 frequ5tly adult]at$ ) =eign sub/ances1 su* z dri$ blood1 dung ( birds1 wea!r$ bic>bonate ( soda1 etc4 ,to op5 a musk sac1 cut x ) a %>p p5knife ar\nd :]e ! hairless side jo9ts ! hairy side1 & empty x by scrap+ x out ^u a %eet ( pap]4 ,! membranes & hair are !n remov$ by means ( p9c]s4 ,! musk-sub/ance ( ! ,tonk9 sacs is g5]ally a heavy1 dry-feel+ mass2 x is p>tially int]m+l$ ) & p>tially envelop$ by small1 ?91 s(t1 br[n1 some:at transp>5t membranes & frequ5tly mix$ ) small hair4 ,x is p>tially loose & crummy1 & p>tially consi/s ( v>i\s lumps or gra9s ( ! size ( a mu/>d se$ to t ( a pea1 :i* are m or less r\ndi%1 m seldom angul>1 s(t] or h>d] 7b c always be readily cut71 ( a fatty lu/re & black-br[n or d>k-r$ color4 ,9 fre% sacs1 ! mass is frequ5tly s(t1 &1 :5 bruis$1 some:at sme>y1 b nev] unctu\s4 ,on rubb+1 x becomes pal] 9 color1 & gli/5+ hair-l1 pal]1 gray or :iti%yell[ p>ticles1 sometimes ( a cry/all9e texture1 appe>4 ,! odor ( ! musk sub/ance is peculi>1 /rong1 & v con/ant2 x is agreeable only :5 mu* dilut$4 ,musk is n a sub/ance ( a con/ant *emical & physical con/itution1 ! reason = ?is be+ f\nd 9 ! age & ! diff]5t foods ( ! musk animal1 ! season 9 :i* x is kill$1 & ! degree ( dryness ( ! musk-sub/ance4 ,wat] dissolves ( good musk & #ij p] c5t4 alcohol 4 ,! alcoholic solution is n precipitat$ by wat]4 ,musk fur!r conta9s fat-l sub/ances1 wax1 gall-sub/ances 7toge!r #aj to #ab p] c5t471 glue-sub/ances & album5 7#f to #i p] c5t471 traces ( lactic & butyric acids1 phosphates1 sulphates & hydro*lorates ( ! alkalies & alkal9e e>?s1 frequ5tly /rong traces ( ammonium c>bonate & a volatile oil1 fur!r moi/ure1 humus-sub/ance1 & fibr\s matt]4 ,musk1 :5 dri$1 has a weak odor1 :i* gradually becomes /rong] on moi/5+4 ,!re are sev]al sub/ances :i* de/roy ! musk odor1 especially bitt] almonds1 camphor1 sulphur1 acids & sulphates4 ,! odor adh]+ to a mort> 9 :i* musk has be5 rubb$ c be/ be remov$ by p\nd+ bitt] almonds 9 x4 ,s9ce1 on acc\nt ( ! high price ( musk1 ! musk animal is mu* hunt$1 !re is a possibility ( x becom+ 9 "t ext9ct4 ,= ?is reason a sub/itute has be5 long se>*$ =1 & is believ$ to h be5 f\nd1 especially1 9 ! ,am]ican musk-rat 7,fib] zibe?icus71 :i* is *iefly hunt$ = its sk94 ,9 ?is animal ! musk is f\nd 9 two small sacs locat$ betwe5 ! anus & g5]ative organs1 & is emitt$ :5 ! animal becomes excit$4 ,accord+ to ,r4 ,s4 ,cri/iani1 ?is musk is invaluable = ! toilet soap indu/ry ( ,am]ica1 x be+ ne>ly z good & /rong z g5u9e musk4 ,cri/iani has =m]ly us$ mu* ( x = sc5t+ soaps1 p[d]s1 etc41 b does n recomm5d x = ess5ces4 ,:5 us$ = soaps1 "s "t is requir$ = ! odor to become ref9$1 & if a piece ( soap sc5t$ ) x is /or$ = a few mon?s1 x w\ld1 accord+ to ,cri/iani's ass]tion1 be difficult ev5 = an exp]t p]fum] to di/+ui% ! odor f t ( g5u9e ,tonk9 musk4 ,z possible sub/itutes = ! musk de] may fur!r be m5tion$ a species ( rat indig5\s to ! ,we/ ,indies1 & an antelope ( ,nor? ,africa4 ,x is also said t musk d]iv$ f ! ,mississippi alligator has be5 br\ght into comm]ce4 ,! sacs are said to be small1 ! odor some:at diff]5t f t ( g5u9e musk1 resembl+ t ( civet1 b suitable = p]fum+ purposes4 ,a process = ! prep>ation ( artificial musk has be5 pat5t$ by ,dr4 ,baur1 ( ,gisp]sleb54 ,accord+ to ! specification1 toluol is mix$ ) ! halog5 comp\nds ( butane & boil$ ) ! addition ( alum9ium *loride or alum9ium bromide4 ,! product ( ! reaction is mix$ ) wat] & di/ill$ ) /eam4 ,! fraction pass+ ov] betwe5 #cch & #cib ,f4 is caught & treat$ ) fum+ nitric acid & fum+ sulphuric acid4 ,! product obta9$ is wa%$ ) wat] & alcohol1 & cry/alliz$4 ,! artificial musk =ms an amorph\s :ite p[d]1 :i* 9 "t becomes yell[4 ,x is readily soluble 9 #ij p] c5t4 alcohol1 b f solutions 9 weak] alcohol x aga9 cry/allizes out at a cool temp]ature4 ,! odor becomes v pron\nc$ aft] ! addition ( #e drops ( ammonia to #a p\nd ( a "o p] c5t4 solution4 ,?is artificial product hav+ be5 9 exi/5ce b = a %ort "t1 x is n possible to come to a f9al conclusion z to its availability4 ,h[ev]1 its odor diff]s ess5tially f t ( ! g5u9e article1 & x c sc>cely be employ$ = f9e extracts2 if l[ en\gh 9 price x might1 h[ev]1 be suitable = soaps & *eap] p]fumes4 ,musk is v mu* adult]at$1 ! ,*9ese be+ adepts 9 ?is sophi/ication4 ,dri$ blood1 on acc\nt ( its resemblance to musk1 is among ! mo/ common adult]ations1 b1 besides ?is1 s&1 iron fil+s1 hair1 ! dung ( birds1 wax1 asphaltum1 & _m o!r sub/ances are introduc$4 ,!y are mix$ ) a small portion ( musk1 ! p[]ful odor ( :i* is communicat$ to ! entire mass1 & r5d]s ! discov]y ( ! fraud sometimes difficult4 ,! bags conta9+ ! musk %\ld h ! *>act]i/ics be=e describ$ z belong+ to ! natural sac1 & pres5t no sign ( hav+ be5 op5$4 ,"o ( ! grosse/ frauds1 :i* is also p]petrat$ 9 ,europe1 consi/s1 accord+ to ,hag]1 9 p]=at+ ! musk sac ) a ne$le1 plac+ x 9 /rong rum or weak _s ( w9e1 &1 aft] press+ x ) ! f+]s1 wa%+ ) _s ( w9e & dry+ 9 ! air4 ,by ?is means a t9cture suitable = p]fum+ purposes is obta9$1 :ile ! musk-sub/ance is increas$ 9 weight by ! absorption ( moi/ure4 ,sacs ?us treat$ are1 h[ev]1 readily recogniz$1 !y be+1 aft] dry+1 gn>l$ & unev54 ,good musk-sacs %\ld yield f #ej to #fj p] c5t4 ( musk4 ,an admixture ( blood is detect$ by ! musk acquir+ a putrid odor :5 moi/5$ ) wat]4 ,! pres5ce ( pieces ( metal1 pebbles1 res91 etc41 is recogniz$ by ! nak$ eye or ) ! assi/ance ( a magnify+ glass4 ,! microscope reveals1 9 pure musk1 :ite & br[ni%1 irregul>ly-=m$ gra9s1 cells1 oil drops1 &1 g5]ally1 also fungoid ?reads4 ,g5u9e musk burns ) a :ite flame & leaves a gray a%1 :i* %\ld n am\nt to m ?an f #e to #h p] c5t4 ,9 p]fum]y musk is us$ = soap1 sa*et p[d]s1 & extracts4 ,by itself x is1 h[ev]1 sc>cely employ$1 n ev5 = ! s-call$ musk soaps or musk extracts4 ,x is *iefly valu$ by ! p]fum] = its prop]ty ( r5d]+ o!r p]fumes us$ 9 comb9ation ) x m durable & br++ out _! sc5t4 ,= sc5t+ soaps ! musk mu/ fir/ be prep>$4 ,if to be us$ = mill$ soaps1 x is triturat$ 9 a mort> ) cle> sug>1 :ile = cold /irr$ soaps1 weak pota% lye ( at ! utmo/ #c to #e ,b4 is p\r$ ov] x4 ,weak lye makes ! odor m pron\nc$1 :ile /rong lye de/roys x4 ,civet 7zibe?um7 is d]iv$ f two animals ( ! g5us ,viv]ra4 ,! actual civet cat 7,viv]ra civetta1 ,l47 lives 9 ! hotte/ p>ts ( ,africa f ! ,gu9ea ,coa/ & ! ,s5egal to ,abyss9ia1 :]e x is c>efully br$ = its civet4 ,! product is also obta9$ f ,viv]ra zibe?a1 ,l41 indig5\s to ! ,moluccas & ,philipp9es4 ,! civet is secret$ 9 a cavity betwe5 ! anus & ! ext]nal g5itals1 & is scrap$ out ) a spoon4 ,x is semi-liquid1 unctu\s1 yell[i%1 becom+ br[n & ?ick] by exposure to ! air1 ( a bitt]1 disagreeable1 fatty ta/e1 & ( a peculi>1 ur9ose1 disagreeable odor1 resembl+ t ( musk :i* becomes agreeable only :5 mu* dilut$ & mix$ ) o!r p]fumes4 ,:5 ignit$ x burns ) a bright flame1 leav+ beh9d #c to #d p] c5t4 ( a%4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]2 9 _s ( w9e x p>tially dissolves ) difficulty1 & ) great] ease 9 w>m e!r & 9 *lor(orm4 ,x %\ld =m a homog5e\s1 non-crumbl+ mass4 ,accord+ to ,m4 ,b\tron ,*al>d1 x conta9s free ammonia1 /e>91 ole91 mucus1 res91 a yell[ color+ sub/ance1 salts1 & a volatile oil1 ! latt] giv+ ! odor to x4 ,9 p]fum]y1 civet is *iefly us$ z an addition to o!r p]fumes 9 ord] to /r5g!n !m & make !m m con/ant4 ,x is also employ$ = p]fum+ f9e lea!r articles4 ,ca/or or ca/oreum is a peculi> concrete sub/ance obta9$ f ,ca/or fib] or ! beav]4 ,9 bo? sexes betwe5 ! anus & ext]nal g5itals are two pe>-%ap$ sac-l follicles 7,fig4 #bd7 unit$ at _! ?9 ends4 ,! follicles conta91 :5 fre%1 a semi-liquid sub/ance :i* becomes m solid by dry+4 ,! ca/or occurr+ 9 comm]ce is g5]ally dri$ by smoke4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4 ,9 comm]ce two pr9cipal v>ieties are di/+ui%$3 ,sib]ian or ,russian & ,canadian1 ,engli% or ,am]ican ca/or1 ! fir/ be+ ! mo/ valuable4 ,! l5g? ( a ,sib]ian sac v>ies betwe5 #b4cf & #d4gb in*es1 ! wid? betwe5 #j4ih & #b4ee in*es1 & ! ?ickness betwe5 #j4gh & #a4eg in*es2 x weighs f #a4gf to #h4ha ozs4 ,"o ( ! sacs is g5]ally some:at small] ?an ! o!r4 ,! ext]ior sk9 ( ! sac is almo/ smoo? &1 9 a dry /ate1 d>k br[n2 ! int]ior is dirty yell[1 int]mix$ ) a d5se cellul> tissue1 :i* envelops ! ca/or-sub/ance & is gr[n toge!r ) x4 ,9 a dri$ /ate1 ! latt] is d>k br[n1 )\t lu/re1 almo/ friable1 ( a v /rong1 peculi> odor1 & a pung5t1 some:at bitt]1 aromatic ta/e4 ,! sacs ( ,canadian ca/or are small] ?an ! ,sib]ian1 !y be+ at ! utmo/ #c4ae in*es long1 #j4ih in* ?ick1 & d>k] & unev54 ,! int]ior mass is res9\s1 h>d1 ) a lu/r\s fracture1 r$-br[n1 & c be readily pulv]iz$4 ,! odor is weak]1 some:at mu/y & ammoniacal1 & ! ta/e m bitt] & less pung5t ?an t ( ! ,sib]ian ca/or4 ,ca/or is mu* adult]at$--pebbles1 pieces ( lead1 dri$ blood1 etc41 be+ frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! sacs4 ,^! frauds c g5]ally be detect$ 9 cutt+ ! sac op54 ,spuri\s sacs are said to be frequ5tly f\nd among ! g5u9e sacs ( ,canadian ca/or4 ,^! spuri\s sacs are prep>$ by dry+ a mixture ( ca/or1 res91 dragons' blood1 etc41 9 ! scrotum ( goats4 ,9 p]fum]y1 ca/or is n[ v seldom us$1 ! p]fum]s pref]r+ musk & civet1 :i*1 c]ta9ly1 give a some:at diff]5t sc5t4 ,amb]gris is a fatty1 waxy sub/ance1 (t5 f\nd float+ on ! sea on ! coa/s ( ,arabia1 ,madagasc>1 ,japan1 etc4 ,x is also f\nd 9 ! ccum ( ! sp]m :ale 7,physetus macrocephalus1 ,s*[71 & is suppos$ by "s to be a morbid secretion 9 ! ur9>y bladd]4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,beale1 x m]ely consi/s ( ! indurat$ fces ( ! animal1 p]haps some:at alt]$ by disease4 ,x has a gray-:ite color1 (t5 ) a black /reak & a slight agreeable odor1 l t ( b5zo91 :i* becomes m pron\nc$ on heat+4 ,:5 held = "s "t 9 ! h& x becomes s(t & flexible4 ,x melts at ! temp]ature ( boil+ wat]1 &1 :5 m /rongly heat$1 volatilizes 9 ! =m ( a :ite vapor1 leav+ b slight traces ( a% beh9d4 ,its specific gravity is #j4h to #j4i4 ,x is insoluble 9 wat]1 sp>+ly soluble 9 cold _s ( w9e1 & m readily s 9 hot _s ( w9e1 e!r & volatile & fat oils4 ,x is almo/ completely soluble 9 absolute alcohol4 ,?\gh amb]gris crumbles readily1 x c only ) difficulty be conv]t$ into co>se p[d]4 ,) ! f+] x c be poli%$ l h>d soda-soap4 ,! pr9cipal con/itu5t ( amb]gris is ambr9 or ambre91 a non-saponifiable fat1 :i*1 f a saturat$ alcoholic solution ( amb]gris1 cry/allizes1 aft] /&+ = "s "t1 9 ! =m ( v]rucose1 :iti% or lu/r\s acicul> cry/als4 ,accord+ to ,john1 amb]gris consi/s ( #he p] c5t4 ambr91 #ab4e p] c5t4 sweet balsamic extract1 fur!r b5zoic acid1 sodium *loride1 & #a4e p] c5t4 insoluble br[n residue4 ,:5 di/ill$ ) wat]1 amb]gris yields #ac p] c5t4 ( a volatile oil hav+ an agreeable odor4 ,a r$-hot iron wire readily p5etrates amb]gris1 & f ! hole ?us made fl[s an oily liquid ( a /rong & agreeable odor4 ,on acc\nt ( its high price1 amb]gris is frequ5tly adult]at$1 ! comm]cial article be+ (t5 no?+ b an artificial mixture ( b5zo91 olibanum1 wax1 & fl\r1 ) o!r sub/ances1 p]fum$ ) musk4 ,su* adult]ations are detect$ by ! appe>ance1 proportions ( solubility1 nature ( ! fracture & ! cont5t ( a%4 ,a small quantity ( pure amb]gris1 expos$ to heat1 melts )\t =m+ bubbles or scum4 ,x is easily punctur$ ) a heat$ ne$le1 :i*1 :5 )drawn1 %\ld come out clean & )\t any?+ adh]+ to x1 & ! *>act]i/ic odor ( amb]gris %\ld be imm$iately evolv$4 ,! surface %\ld be rugg$1 t ) a smoo? & uni=m surface be+ g5]ally factiti\s4 ,9 p]fum]y1 amb]gris is n s mu* us$ on acc\nt ( its agreeable odor1 b r to make ! p]fumes m con/ant4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,artificial ,,p]fume-,,mat]ials4 ,9 speak+ ( ! volatile oils us$ 9 p]fum]y1 two artificial p]fume-mat]ials1 artificial oils ( bitt] almonds & w9t]gre5 h already be5 m5tion$4 ,!re c be no d\bt t :5 ! *emical con/ruction ( volatile oils is bett] kn[n1 *emi/ry w succe$ 9 prep>+ /ill m su* comb9ations1 valuable = p]fum]y1 or 9 conv]t+ *eap volatile oils into m valuable ones1 z has1 = in/ance1 be5 done by ,b\*>dat & ,lafont1 :o h successfully conv]t$ oil ( turp5t9e into oil ( lemons4 ,^! *emi/s rectifi$ ,fr5* oil ( turp5t9e at exactly #caa to #cad4f ,f41 dissolv$ 9 ! di/illate1 :i* am\nt$ to #abj grammes1 an equal quantity 7#abj grammes7 ( glacial acetic acid1 cool$ ! mixture & !n c>efully add$1 s t ! temp]ature nev] exce$$ #ajd ,f41 #hh grammes ( cry/alliz$ *romic acid dissolv$ 9 a suffici5t quantity ( acetic acid4 ,not)/&+ t ! great] portion ( ! oil ( turp5t9e rema9$ unoxidiz$1 a ?or\gh reaction took place1 & ! product ( decomposition prov$ to be a hydroc>bon1 boil+ at f #cde4b to #ceb4d ,f41 to :i* ,b\*>dat & ,lafont h appli$ ! t]m t]pil5e4 ,! prop]ties ( ?is hydroc>bon1 especially its boil+ po9t1 correspond$ ) ^? ( oil ( lemons1 its odor also resembl+ t ( ! latt]1 b x conta9$ ab\t "o-six? cymol :i* x 0 impossible to remove4 ,?\gh ?us f> ?is artificial oil ( lemons is ( no importance = p]fum]y1 x is ( int]e/ z %[+ ! possibility ( conv]t+ "o volatile oil into ano!r4 ,! artificial musk1 spok5 ( "u ,musk1 _c be class$ ) ! previ\sly-m5tion$ artificial p]fum$-mat]ials4 ,! odorif]\s pr9ciple ( ! natural & artificial musk h no?+ 9 common1 ! odor dep5d+ n on a common *emical comb9ation4 ,besides ! artificial p]fume-mat]ials already m5tion$1 b a few o!rs are employ$ 9 p]fum]y1 viz3 ,cum>91 heliotrop91 vanill91 & nitrob5zol1 or oil ( mirbane4 ,ano!r s]ies ( artificial p]fume-mat]ials1 ! s-call$ fruit e!rs1 h also be5 recomm5d$ = p]fum]y purposes4 ,al?\gh su* products are sometimes us$1 _! employm5t is n advisable1 s9ce !y produce an irritat+ effect ^u ! bron*ial tubes & respiratory organs1 & frequ5tly cause heada*e4 ,cum>94--,! agreeable odor ( new-m[n hay is *iefly due to ! sweet-sc5t$ v]nal grass 7,an?oxan?um odoratum1 ,l474 ,?is grass conta9s an odorif]\s sub/ance1 ! cum>94 ,! latt] is also f\nd 9 _m o!r plants2 = in/ance1 9 ! tonka bean 7! se$s ( ,dipt]ix odorata71 9 ! sweet woodruff 7,asp]ula odorata71 &1 comb9$ ) melilotic acid1 9 ! melilot 7,melilotus (fic9alis1 ,descr474 ,cum>9 =ms small1 colorless cry/als ( a silky lu/re4 ,x is v h>d1 cracks betwe5 ! tee?1 %[s a smoo? fracture1 & s9ks 9 wat]4 ,x has a v agreeable aromatic odor1 :i*1 on rubb+ ! sub/ance ) ! f+]s1 becomes l t ( oil ( bitt] almonds1 & has a bitt]1 w>m1 & pung5t ta/e4 ,:5 pure x melts at #aeb4f ,f41 b :5 conta9+ fat1 l t sep>at$ f tonka beans1 at f #ajd to #abb ,f4 ,its boil+ po9t lies at #eed ,f42 x volatilizes1 h[ev]1 at f> l[] temp]atures1 diffus+ an odor resembl+ t ( oil ( bitt] almonds1 & sublimat+ 9 :ite ne$les4 ,x is soluble 9 alcohol1 e!r1 acetic acid1 fat1 & volatile oils4 ,( cold wat] 7#ei ,f47 #djj p>ts are1 accord+ to ,bu*n]1 requir$ = its solution1 b ( boil+ wat] only #de p>ts4 ,tonka beans are ! ripe se$s ( ,dipt]ix odorata4 ,!y are mu* us$ 9 p]fum]y on acc\nt ( _! cont5t ( cum>91 & =m]ly con/itut$ ! initial po9t = its manufacture4 ,9 comm]ce two v>ieties are di/+ui%$1 viz41 ,dut* tonka beans1 d]iv$ f ,dipt]ix odorata1 ,willd41 indig5\s to ! =e/s ( ,guiana1 & ,engli% tonka beans1 f ,dipt]ix oppositifolia1 ,willd41 indig5\s to ,cay5ne4 ,! ,dut* tonka bean is #a4ah to #a4eg in*es long1 #j4ci to ,o4#ei in* wide1 & ,o4#bg to ,o4#dc in* ?ick4 ,x is g5]ally slightly curv$1 provid$ "u ! po9t ) ! hilum1 & cov]$ ) a ?91 fragile1 br[n-black or black sk9 ( a fatty lu/re1 ^u :i* small cry/als ( cum>9 are g5]ally f\nd1 s t x appe>s coat$1 especially 9 ! wr9kles1 ) a :iti% du/4 ,! k]nel consi/s ( two yell[-br[ni% oleif]\s catyl$ons1 betwe5 :i* lay]s ( cum>9 are g5]ally f\nd4 ,! odor is agreeable1 resembl+ t ( melilot1 & ! ta/e aromatic bitt]4 ,dut* tonka beans conta9 fat1 sug>1 malic acid1 & malate ( lime2 fur!r1 />*1 gum1 & #a to #e p] c5t4 ( cum>9 7,c#i;,h#f,o#b74 ,! ,engli% tonka beans are small]1 :ite-yell[i% inside1 ne>ly black outside1 & ( inf]ior quality to ! ,dut* beans4 ,f tonka beans1 cum>9 may be obta9$ by two diff]5t me?ods4 ,"o me?od consi/s 9 repeat$ly extract+ ! bruis$ beans ) _s ( w9e1 di/ill+ ! latt] (f f ! extract1 & mix+ ! residue ) cold wat]1 :]eby cum>9 contam9at$ ) fat is precipitat$4 ,to remove ! fat1 br+ ! :ole to ! boil+ po9t1 filt] ! hot solution ?r\gh a moi/ filt] ^u :i* ! fat is reta9$1 & all[ to cool1 :]eby ! great] portion ( ! cum>9 cry/allizes out2 ! rema9+ small portion is obta9$ by evaporat+ ! "m-lye4 ,accord+ to ! o!r me?od1 ! bruis$ tonka beans are di/ill$ ) wat]4 ,aft] #bd h\rs ! great] portion ( ! cum>9 sep>ates 9 a cry/all9e =m4 ,! residue rema9+ 9 solution c be )drawn f ! wat] by %ak+ ) petroleum-e!r & subsequ5t evaporation ( ! solv5t4 ,f "o p\nd ( good tonka beans1 up to #d dra*ms ( cum>9 may be obta9$4 ,cum>9 is sometimes also obta9$ by purify+ by recry/allization ( ! dbris f\nd 9 ! orig9al boxes ( tonka beans1 :i* *iefly consi/s ( cum>94 ,p]k9 has rec5tly succe$$ 9 artificially prep>+ cum>9 f salicylic acid4 ,by boil+ ! sodium salt ( ! latt] 9 acetic anhydride = a few m9utes & !n p\r+ into wat]1 an oil-l body is sep>at$1 :il/ sodium acetate passes into solution4 ,! =m] is a mixture ( acetic anhydride1 salicylic acid & cum>92 9 di/ill+1 ! latt] passes ov] la/ 7at #eed ,f471 & congeals 9 ! receiv] to a cry/all9e mass4 ,cum>9 is n[ syn!tically prep>$ by sev]al firms1 t br\ght into ! m>ket by ,s*immel ,co41 ( ,leipsic1 especially be+ ( excell5t quality4 ,al?\gh artificial cum>9 is consid]ably l[] 9 price ?an t obta9$ f tonka beans1 mo/ p]fum]s /ill pref] ! extract f tonka beans prep>$ by !mselves4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no good reason = ?is1 s9ce a *ange 9 ! respective receipts = p]fumes pres5ts no difficulties1 #h4df dra*ms ( cum>9 correspond+ to #b4b lbs4 ( be/ tonka beans4 ,heliotrop9 or pip]onal is ( great importance 9 ! manufacture ( p]fumes4 ,x =ms small1 colorless prismatic cry/als1 :i* h an agreeable odor ( hliotrope4 ,^u ! tongue heliotrop9 produces ! same s5sation z oil ( pepp]m9t "u ! same conditions1 ! s5sation be+1 h[ev]1 m la/+4 ,x melts at ab\t #ajd ,f41 & volatilizes at a high] temp]ature )\t leav+ a residue4 ,x is soluble 9 alcohol & e!r1 & insoluble 9 cold wat]2 9 hot wat] x melts to an oily liquid :i* floats ^u ! wat]4 ,expos$ to ! action ( heat & air1 heliotrop9 acquires an uncomely appe>ance1 balls toge!r &1 "u v unfavorable circum/ances1 turns br[n4 ,x is !n entirely decompos$ & useless1 &1 h5ce1 %\ld be kept 9 summ] 9 z cool a place z possible4 ,a temp]ature ( #ie ,f4 has already an injuri\s effect ^u ! p]fume1 & x is be/ n to buy x at all 9 ! hot summ] mon?s4 ,to pres]ve ! p]fume 9 its entire fre%ness1 x is advisable = consum]s 9 hot climates to at once dissolve ! heliotrop9 9 alcohol & to keep ! solution 9 a cool place4 ,pepp] s]ves z ! initial po9t = heliotrop9 or pip]onal1 ! :ite v>iety be+ ! be/ = ! purpose4 ,to obta9 pip]9e1 conta9$ 9 v>y+ qualities 7#g to #i p] c5t47 9 pepp]1 ! latt] is repeat$ly extract$ ) boil+ alcohol4 ,! extract is !n evaporat$ to "o-?ird its volume1 or ! great] portion ( ! alcohol is di/ill$ (f1 & ! res9\s mass1 obta9$ aft] ! addition ( wat]1 is repeat$ly wa%$ 9 wat] ) ! addition ( a small quantity ( pota% or soda lye1 dissolv$ 9 alcohol & purifi$ by repeat$ recry/allization4 ,to conv]t ! :ite-yell[ pip]9e ?us obta9$ into potassium pip]ate x is1 toge!r ) equal p>ts ( potassium hydroxide & #e to #f p>ts ( alcohol1 kept g5tly boil+ = #bd h\rs 9 a well-clos$ flask provid$ ) an asc5d+ ,liebig cool]4 ,a capaci\s flask %\ld be us$1 z ! mass p\nds q vigor\sly4 ,aft] cool+1 ! precipitate1 :i* is obta9$ 9 yell[i%1 lu/r\s lam9a1 is sep>at$ ?r\gh a filt] f ! d>k-br[n "m-lye1 wa%$ ) cold alcohol & sev]al times recry/alliz$ f hot wat]4 ,a fur!r discoloration may be effect$ by ! addition ( animal *>coal4 ,! potassium pip]ate ?us obta9$ =ms ne>ly colorless prisms 9 v]ucose gr\ps1 :i*1 h[ev]1 turn yell[ :5 expos$ to light4 ,by boil+ ! alcoholic "m-lye ) ( ! previ\sly us$ pota%-lye1 fur!r small quantities ( potassium pip]ate may be obta9$4 ,to obta9 pip]onal f ! potassium pip]ate1 dissolve #a "p ( ! latt] 9 #dj to #ej p>ts ( hot wat]1 & !n sl[ly introduce1 ) con/ant /irr+1 a solution ( #b p>ts potassium p]manganate 9 #ej p>ts ( wat]4 ,?is precaution is absolutely necess>y1 z o!rwise ! pip]onal =m$ w\ld be p>tially fur!r oxidiz$ & lo/4 ,! pa/e-l mass =m$ is pass$1 :ile /ill hot1 ?r\gh a /ra9+ clo?1 & ! residue repeat$ly wa%$ ) boil+ wat] until x %[s no?+ m ( ! *>act]i/ic odor ( hliotrope4 ,! wa%-wat]s are comb9$ ) ! fir/ filtrate1 & subject$ to di/illation ov] a free fire4 ,! fir/ di/illates are ri*e/ 9 pip]onal1 x g5]ally sep>at+ already 9 ! cool]4 ,! fractionally caught di/illate is all[$ to /& "o or two days 9 z cool a place z possible1 :]eby ! great] portion ( ! pip]onal sep>ates 9 a cry/all9e =m or 9 f9e lam9a4 ,to obta9 ! pip]onal /ill rema9+ dissolv$ 9 ! wat]1 ! "m-lye1 aft] ! sep>ation ( ! cry/als ?r\gh a filt]1 may be repeat$ly agitat$ ) e!r1 :]eby ! pip]onal dissolves 9 ! e!r4 ,! latt] is c>efully di/ill$ (f at z l[ a temp]ature z possible 7#ajd to #abb ,f47 9 ! wat]-ba? or all[$ naturally to evaporate4 ,vanill94--,vanilla is ! n entirely ripe1 pod-l1 capsul> fruit 7wrongly call$ pod71 ( a tropical or*id 7,vanilla planifolia1 ,&rews71 :i* is cultivat$ 9 ,mexico1 ! ,we/ ,indies1 & ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,x is ext5sively us$ = flavor+1 & its odorif]\s sub/ance is highly valu$ 9 p]fum]y4 ,! cross-section ( ! capsule is ?ick & fle%y1 fill$ ) v small1 black1 lu/r\s se$s /uck toge!r by a gummy balsam ) :i* !y are coat$4 ,! capsule has a s\ri% ta/e & has no value1 ! se$s1 or r ! balsam envelop+ ! se$s1 be+ ! sub/ance on :i* ! odor & ta/e ( vanilla dep5d4 ,:5 ! vanilla fruit becomes ripe1 ! capsule op5s & empties its cont5t ( se$s 9 ! =m ( a balsam-l mass4 ,! lu/r\s black-br[n surface ( vanilla is frequ5tly coat$ ) :ite1 delicate cry/als1 :i* 7 =m]ly tak5 = b5zoic acid4 ,bley & ,vee fir/ recogniz$ !m z a peculi> sub/ance1 :i* 0 fur!r exam9$ by ,gobley & ,/okkebye4 ,?is sub/ance1 to :i* ,gobley appli$ ! t]m vanill91 is ! *ief odorif]\s sub/ance ( vanilla4 ,x is deposit$ ^u ! vanilla-cry/als1 :5 ! latt] are d5sely & closely pack$ toge!r & = "s "t expos$ to a heat ( ab\t #gg ,f4 ,( vanill91 vanilla conta9s #a4e to #b4ge p] c5t42 ! ,mexican v>iety conta9+ #a4fi to #a4cb p] c5t41 ! ,b\rbon ,no4 ,i1 #b4dh to #a4ia p] c5t41 ,b\rbon ,no4 ,,ii1 #a4ee to #j4ge p] c5t41 & ! ,java1 #b4ge to #a4ef p] c5t4 ,x is s+ul>1 t ! highly valu$ ,mexican vanilla has1 g5]ally speak+1 a l[] cont5t ( vanill9 ?an ! o!r v>ieties4 ,at pres5t1 vanill9 is prep>$ artificially4 ,tiemann & ,h>mann fir/ %[$ t by ! oxidation ( conif]91 a glucoside occurr+ 9 ! cambial sap ( ! ,conif]1 a product1 p]fectly id5tical ) ! vanill9 prep>$ f vanilla1 is obta9$4 ,! conif]9 is obta9$ by b>k+ ! p9e or silv] fir1 scrap+ toge!r ! sap "u ! b>k toge!r ) a portion ( ! lib] & p\r+ x into a vessel4 ,! sap is !n press$ (f1 boil$ to sep>ate ! album91 filt]$1 evaporat$ to "o-fif? its volume1 & set aside to cry/allize4 ,"o hundr$ qu>ts ( sap are said to yield f #a to #b p\nds ( conif]9-cry/als4 ,by n[ all[+ an aque\s conif]9-solution to run into a heat$ mixture ( #aj p>ts potassium bi*romate1 #ae p>ts conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 & #hj p>ts wat]1 & heat+ = #c h\rs 9 a flask ) back-fl[ cool]1 a liquid is obta9$ f :i* e!r takes up a yell[ oil4 ,aft] treat+ ! latt] ) animal *>coal1 dissolv+ 9 e!r & evaporat+ ! latt]1 !re rema9 colorless1 acicul> cry/als ( ! odor & ta/e ( vanilla4 ,^! cry/als consi/ ( vanill9 contam9at$ ) "s vanillic acid4 ,to sep>ate ! latt]1 purify ) acid sodium sulphite & recry/allize4 ,aft] ?is op]ation1 vanill9 repres5ts a ne>ly :ite cry/all9e p[d] :i* melts at f #agf to #agg4h ,f4 ,9 ?is =m x is br\ght into comm]ce z a complete sub/itute = vanilla1 #e4fd dra*ms ( x correspond+ to ab\t #a p\nd ( vanilla4 ,a m$ium-siz$ p9e tree is said to yield vanill9 ( ! value ( #hj m>ks 7#ai4bj74 ,vanill9 may also be prep>$ by oxidation f eug5ol4 ,oil ( cloves is dilut$ ) ?ree times its volume ( e!r & agitat$ ) weak cau/ic pota% solution to fix ! eug5ol on ! pota%4 ,by acidulat+ ! alkal9e solution & %ak+ ) e!r1 ! eug5ol is collect$4 ,aft] di/ill+ (f ! e!r1 ! eug5ol is conv]t$ ) acetic anhydride into aceteugol1 & ! latt] oxidiz$ ) dilute1 mod]ately-w>m$ potassium p]manganate solution4 ,! filtrate is made slightly alkal9e1 conc5trat$1 !n comp\nd$ ) acid & ! vanill9 extract$ ) e!r4 ,vanill9 7,c#h;,h#h,o#c7 =ms small colorless prisms ( a /rong vanilla odor1 a w>m1 vanilla ta/e1 & an acid reaction4 ,x is readily soluble 9 hot wat]1 alcohol1 e!r1 *lor(orm1 fat & volatile oils1 z well z 9 solutions ( cau/ic alkalies & alkal9e c>bonates4 ,x melts :5 heat$ to f #agf to #agg4h ,f42 at a high] temp]ature x sublimates )\t leav+ a residue4 ,accord+ to a notice publi%$ 9 ! ,deuts*-,am]ikanis*5 ,apo!k] ,zeitung1 vanill9 adult]at$ ) b5zoic acid has occurr$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,a sample subject$ to exam9ation is said to h be5 no?+ b b5zoic acid p]fum$ ) vanill94 ,su* an adult]ation c be detect$ ) ! microscope1 s9ce vanill9 cry/allizes 9 acicul> cry/als1 & b5zoic acid 9 lam9a1 :i* c be readily recogniz$4 ,pure vanill9 melts at #agf ,f41 :ile ! melt+ po9ts ( su* mixtures are consid]ably high]1 x be+ 9 "o case at #bdi ,f4 ,by extract+ su* mixture ) ?9 sodium c>bonate solution1 b5zoic acid passes into solution4 ,aft] neutraliz+ ) hydro*loric acid1 ! filtrate yields ) f]ric *loride a fawn-br[n precipitate ( f]ric b5zoate1 & on add+ hydro*loric acid 9 excess1 ! b5zoic acid1 :i* dissolves ) great difficulty 9 cold wat]1 is precipitat$4 ,by treat+ ! latt]1 or ! f]ric b5zoate1 ) dilute sulphuric acid & magnesium1 ! b5zoic acid is r$uc$ to b5zaldehyde1 :i* is recogniz$ by its *>act]i/ic odor ( oil ( bitt] almonds4 ,nitrob5zol is obta9$ by treat+ b5zol1 or a mixture ( x1 ) toluol & _! high] homologues1 ) /rong nitric acid1 or a mixture ( nitric & sulphuric acids1 wa%+ ! product ( reaction ) wat] & soda1 cau/ic soda or ammonia1 expell+ ! unalt]$ hydroc>bons ) /eam & rectify+ ! residue4 ,?ree v>ieties di/+ui%$ by _! boil+ po9ts & odor occur 9 comm]ce4 ,! nitrob5zol or oil ( mirbane 7ess5ce de mirbane7 is ! s-call$ light nitrob5zol1 :i* boils at f #dja to #dae ,f4 ,! heavi] v>ieties boil at a high] temp]ature & h a m or less disagreeable odor2 !y are us$ 9 ! manufacture ( anil9e & anil9e colors4 ,pure oil ( mirbane is pale yell[1 ! f9e/ qualities be+ colorless & almo/ z cle> z wat]4 ,x has an agreeable odor resembl+ t ( oil ( bitt] almonds1 a specific gravity ( #a4ahf to #a4b #be ,b41 & congeals at #cg4d ,f4 to a cry/all9e mass4 ,x is sc>cely soluble 9 wat]1 sp>+ly s 9 alcohol & ) difficulty 9 wat]y _s ( w9e2 x is miscible 9 all proportions ) e!r1 b5z9e1 volatile oils1 & mo/ fat oils4 ,oil ( mirbane is l>gely manufactur$ 9 ,engl&1 b ! ,g]man product is n[ g5]ally pref]r$1 x be+ pur] & does n imp>t to soap p]fum$ ) x a yell[i% t+e4 ,! f9e/ oil ( mirbane is prep>$ f pure cry/allizable b5zol1 & aga9 purifi$ by wa%+ ) potassium bi*romate & sulphuric acid1 & by rectification ) /eam4 ,pure nitrob5zol suff]s no *ange by boil+ ) soda lye1 :ile ! poorly rectifi$ product colors ! lye yell[ or br[n4 ,nitrob5zol is frequ5tly adult]at$ ) _s ( w9e1 :i* is recogniz$ by %ak+ ! oil ) fat oil ( almonds2 9 ! pres5ce ( _s ( w9e a turbid mixture is =m$4 ,by %ak+ nitrob5zol conta9+ _s ( w9e ) an equal volume ( wat] 9 a graduat$ cyl9d]1 its volume decreases4 ,oil ( mirbane is mu* us$ = p]fum+ soaps1 b ev5 ! f9e/ quality ( x _c replace oil ( bitt] almonds = f9e soaps & p]fum]y4 ,great c>e has to be ex]cis$ 9 /or+1 z well z 9 work+1 nitrob5zol1 x ignit+ v readily1 & x is also poison\s4 ,ev5 ! vapors1 :5 inhal$ = "s "t1 may produce symptoms ( poison+1 :i* consi/ 9 ! sk9 acquir+ a lead5 color1 & heavy feel+s 9 ! limbs ) cold extremities1 especially ! h&s & feet4 ,,fruit ,,e!rs4 ,at ! ,london ,exhibition1 9 #ahea1 v>i\s products call$ apple oil1 pe> oil1 p9e-apple oil1 etc41 7 %[n4 ,!y 7 exam9$ by ,a4 ,w4 ,h(mann1 & f\nd to consi/ ( solutions ( c]ta9 e!rs 9 alcohol4 ,s9ce !n ! manufacture has greatly increas$ & l>ge quantities are n[ br\ght into comm]ce "u ! "n ( fruit e!rs or fruit ess5ces4 ,fruit e!rs are fluids possess+ an agreeable1 refre%+ odor closely resembl+ t ( "s fruits4 ,= ?is reason !y are us$ 9 confection]y1 9 ! manufacture ( liqueurs & also z a sub/itute = volatile oils1 9 ! manufacture ( p]fum]y4 ,*emically1 fruit e!rs are comb9ations ( an organic acid--acetic1 butyric1 val]ianic1 etc4--) a s-call$ alcohol radicle1 su* z e?yl & amyl4 ,! prep>ation ( fruit e!rs be+ connect$ ) _m difficulties1 is seldom attempt$ by p]fum]s1 especially z products ( an excell5t quality c at a l[ rate be procur$ f *emical laboratories mak+ a specialty ( _! manufacture4 ,h[ev]1 = ! sake ( complet5ess1 a brief description ( ! fabrication ( ! pr9cipal e!rs us$ 9 _! prep>ation %all "h be giv54 ,acetic amyl e!r or amyl acetate1 ,c#e;,h#aa,o4,c#b;,h#c,o1 is prep>$ by mix+ #a "p ( amyl alcohol ) #a "p ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 & di/ill+ ! mixture ) #b p>ts ( potassium acetate4 ,! di/illate is wa%$ ) wat]1 to :i* "s c>bonate ( soda has be5 add$1 & !n rectifi$ ov] magnesia4 ,x =ms a colorless liquid ( an agreeable fruity odor4 ,x boils1 accord+ to ,kopp1 at #bhj ,f4 &1 at #ei ,f41 its specific gravity is #j4hfib4 ,= use 9 p]fum]y1 ! e!r is be/ prep>$1 accord+ to ,fehl+'s directions1 by heat+ = "s "t at a temp]ature ( #bab ,f4 #a "p ( glacial acetic acid ) "p ( sulphuric acid & "o "p ( amyl alcohol4 ,by !n add+ wat] ! e!r is sep>at$4 ,by ?is process di/illation is avoid$4 ,acetic e?yl e!r or e?yl acetate1 ,c#b;,h#c,o4,o4,c#b;,h#e4 ,acetic e!r is =m$ by ! decomposition ( sodium acetate by e?yl sulphuric acid3-- ,,s#b ,,oc#b;,h#e ,c#b;,h#c,o4,o,na ,,oh --------- ------------ ,e?yl sulphuric ,sodium acetate4 acid4 ,,s#b ,o,na ,c#b;,h#c,o4,,oc#b;,h#e ,,oh ---- ------------------- ,acid sodium ,acetic e!r4 sulphate4 ,"o molecule ( sulphuric acid or #ih p>ts is mix$ ) "o molecule ( alcohol or #df p>ts1 or ) #a molecule ( alcohol ( #ij p] c5t4 :i* conta9s #he4ge p] c5t4 ( absolute alcohol1 h5ce ) #ec4f p>ts ( alcohol1 & di/ill$ ) #a molecule or #hb p>ts ( anhydr\s sodium acetate4 ,s9ce comm]cial sulphuric acid always conta9s #e or #f p] c5t4 ( wat]1 ?is has to be tak5 into consid]ation1 & #aje to #ajf p>ts ( x h to be us$ 9 ord] to decompose ! entire quantity ( sodium acetate4 ,! crude sodium acetate f\nd 9 comm]ce may be us$4 ,x is ne>ly :ite & at ! utmo/ contam9at$ by traces ( sulphuric acid & *lor9e1 :i* 9 ?is case are n injuri\s4 ,! cry/alliz$ salt is heat$ 9 an iron kettle :]eby x melts 9 its wat] ( cry/allization4 ,) con/ant /irr+ ! wat] is !n completely evaporat$ until an entirely dry mass ( salt rema9s beh9d4 ,! latt] may be q /rongly heat$ )\t fe> ( de/roy+ ! acetic acid4 ,! dri$ salt is imm$iately p[d]$1 pass$ ?r\gh a m$ium f9e sieve & kept = use 9 well-clos$ vessels4 ,on a l>ge scale ! di/illation ( ! e!r may be effect$ 9 an iron kettle1 :i* is provid$ ) a well-fitt+ lid & connect$ by a copp] head ) a cool+ app>atus--a worm ly+ 9 cold wat]4 ,br+ into ! kettle ! requir$ quantity ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid1 add1 ) vigor\s /irr+1 ! alcohol & all[ ! mixture to re/ = #bd h\rs4 ,!n ?r[ ! dry sodium acetate into ! mixture1 mix x ?or\ghly1 by /irr+1 ) ! e?yl sulphuric acid1 &1 aft] lut+ all ! jo9ts ( ! app>atus1 heat at fir/ mod]ately4 ,di/illation proce$s quietly & uni=mly1 ! fire be+ regulat$ accord+ to h[ ! e!r runs (f f ! worm4 ,su* uni=m di/illation is1 h[ev]1 only atta9$ by ! use ( ! sodium acetate 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 & ?or\ghly mix+ x ) ! acid4 ,if l>ge pieces ( ! salt are pres5t or ! p[d]$ salt balls toge!r1 ! =mation ( e!r sometimes takes place s sudd5ly t ! vapors _c cond5se 9 ! cool+ app>atus1 b escape viol5tly1 or if !y _c escape rapidly f ! cond5s]1 may ev5 bur/ ! app>atus4 ,! reason = ?is is t ! l>g] pieces float 9 ! sup]heat$ acid )\t be+ saturat$ by x1 &1 :5 !y sudd5ly collapse1 =m a mass ( e!r-vapors4 ,di/illation is cont9u$ until t :i* at la/ passes ov] is n inflammable4 ,) ! above-m5tion$ proportions #hh p>ts ( acetic e!r are =m$1 b z "s wat] always passes ov]1 di/illation ne$ n be int]rupt$ until ! receiv] conta9s at lea/ #ij p>ts ( crude e!r4 ,! crude e!r always conta9s m or less wat]1 "s alcohol1 & a small quantity ( free acetic acid4 ,) ! above-m5tion$ proportions1 ! cont5t ( alcohol c1 h[ev]1 be only v small4 ,to neutralize ! acetic acid1 add "s burnt magnesia or %ake ) c>bonate ( soda solution until ! acid reaction disappe>s4 ,= ! absorption ( ! wat] & alcohol1 add z mu* %>ply dri$ 7n fus$7 calcium *loride z ! fluid w dissolve1 & !n let x /& ) an excess ( ! salt = "o day4 ,! calcium *loride comb9es ) ! wat] & alcohol & sep>ates z a heavy lay] b5ea? ! e!r4 ,! latt] is decant$ (f & br\ght into a rectify+ vessel--a copp] /ill1 heat$ by /eam1 & provid$ ) a cool+ pipe4 ,! e!r is di/ill$ (f at a mod]ate heat1 ! la/ portion1 ab\t #a_/aj1 be+ caught 9 a special receiv]1 to be aga9 rectifi$ at ! next op]ation4 ,accord+ to ,grosss*opf1 #dj lbs4 ( pulv]iz$ anhydr\s sodium acetate1 toge!r ) a cool$ mixture ( #df lbs4 ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid & #cg lbs4 ( #ie p] c5t4 alcohol1 free f fusel oil1 are di/ill$ 9 a copp] /ill heat$ by /eam4 ,di/illation is cont9u$ ) con/ant /irr+ by means ( an app>atus 9 ! /ill1 until no m fluid smell+ & ta/+ ( acetic e!r passes ov]4 ,! crude di/illate1 am\nt+ to #ee or #ef lbs41 is br\ght into bottles :i* are fill$ full4 ,! bottles are !n fill$ up ) wat] & potassium c>bonate is add$ until ! fluid1 aft] %ak+1 %[s no acid reaction4 ,! aque\s fluid b5ea? ! e!r is !n drawn (f by means ( a siphon1 & ! e!r sev]al times wa%$ by %ak+ ) wat] & all[+ to settle4 ,s9ce ! wa%-wat] absorbs a q consid]able quantity ( e!r1 x is collect$ & subject$ to rectification1 :]eby an alcoholic acetic e!r is obta9$4 ,! e!r1 be+ fre$ f acetic acid & alcohol by neutralization & wa%+1 is br\ght 9 contact ) fus$ calcium *loride to free x f wat]1 & f9ally rectifi$ ov] magnesia4 ,9 ?is mann] #cf to #cg lbs4 ( pure acetic e!r are obta9$4 ,acetic e!r is a cle>1 colorless fluid ( a pleasant1 e!ral odor4 ,x boils at #agj4f ,f41 & at #ei ,f4 its specific gravity is #j4ijfh4 ,pure acetic e!r dissolves 9 #aa to #ab p>ts ( wat]2 a cont5t ( alcohol or ! addition ( wat] increases its solubility4 ,h5ce1 its solubility 9 wat] is a crit]ion ( its purity4 ,b5zoic e!r or e?yl b5zoate1 ,c#g;,h#e,o4,,oc#b;,h#e1 is mo/ readily prep>$ by mix+ #d p>ts ( alcohol1 #b p>ts ( cry/alliz$ b5zoic acid1 & #a "p fum+ hydro*loric acid1 & = "s "t heat+ ! mixture 9 a flask4 ,! b5zoic acid is !reby gradually & completely conv]t$ into e!r4 ,! fluid is mix$ ) wat]1 :]eby ! e!r is completely sep>at$4 ,x is sev]al times wa%$ ) c>bonate ( soda solution1 &1 = ! purpose ( )draw+ ! la/ trace ( free acid1 di/ill$ ov] lead oxide4 ,x =ms a colorless oil ( an aromatic odor1 specific gravity #a4jejb1 & boils at #dab ,f4 ,9 cold wat] x is insoluble4 ,h[ev]1 l all v>ieties ( e!r1 x dissolves readily 9 alcohol & e!r4 ,butyric e?yl e!r or e?yl butyrate1 ,c#d;,h#g,o4,,oc#b;,h#e4 ,! prep>ation ( ?is e!r mu/ be prec$$ by t ( butyric acid4 ,! latt] is obta9$1 accord+ to ,b5s*1 by dissolv+ #f lbs4 ( cane sug> & #h dra*ms ( t>t>ic acid 9 #ac qu>ts ( hot wat]1 all[+ ! liquid to /& a few days & !n add+ #g ozs4 ( old rott5 *eese1 :i* has be5 /irr$ up 9 #d qu>ts ( skimm$ s\r milk & #c lbs4 ( f9ely pulv]iz$ *alk4 ,! mixture mu/ be kept at a uni=m temp]ature ( f #hf to #ie ,f4 = "s weeks1 f "t to "t mix+ x by /irr+1 & replac+ ! wat] lo/ by evaporation4 ,by ! action ( a f]m5t ! sug> is fir/ conv]t$ into lactic acid4 ,9 #aj to #ab days ! entire mass congeals to a pa/e ( calcium lactate4 ,by n[ all[+ f]m5tation to proce$ )\t int]ruption1 x gradually ent]s ano!r /age2 gas bubbles consi/+ ( c>bonic acid & hydrog5 rise up1 until 9 ! c\rse ( #e or #f weeks ! process is f9i%$4 ,?is is recogniz$ by ! fluid becom+ quiet1 no m gas be+ evolv$4 ,! fluid !n conta9s a solution ( calcium lactate1 :i* is conv]t$ into ! correspond+ sodium salt by ! addition ( #h lbs4 ( cry/alliz$ soda4 ,x is !n filt]$ & conc5trat$ by evaporation to #e qu>ts4 ,by add+ #e lbs4 ( sulphuric acid1 dilut$ ) an equal volume ( wat]1 butyric acid is sep>at$ z a d>k-color$ oily mass4 ,! crude butyric acid ?us obta9$ & fre$ f wat] by %ak+ ) calcium *loride1 is a mixture ( acetic1 butyric1 & capric acids1 b does n conta9 propionic & val]ianic acids4 ,to obta9 f x pure butyric acid1 fractional di/illation is requir$4 ,= manufactur+ on a l>ge scale1 a copp] di/ill+ app>atus ) silv] head & silv] cool+ pipe is us$1 ! bulb ( a !rmomet] be+ plac$ 9 ! head4 ,9 ! fir/ rectification1 ! receiv] is *ang$ aft] ! !rmomet] has ris5 to #caa ,f42 ! portion pass+ ov] betwe5 #caa & #cbi ,f4 is caught up by itself1 & ! receiv] be+ aga9 *ang$1 di/illation is cont9u$ until f9i%$4 ,! fir/ di/illate conta9s mo/ly acetic acid1 besides a small quantity ( butyric acid1 ! second ! great] portion ( ! butyric acid besides a little acetic & capric acids1 :ile ! ?ird consi/s *iefly ( capric acid4 ,= prep>+ butyric e!r = te*nical purposes1 ! fraction pass+ ov] betwe5 #caa & #cbi ,f4 is suffici5tly pure4 ,to obta9 *emically pure butyric acid1 ! rectification ( ! portion pass+ ov] betwe5 #caa & #cbi ,f4 is 9 ! same mann] repeat$1 until f9ally a product ) a con/ant boil+ po9t at #cbd4b ,f4 is obta9$4 ,butyric acid f]m5tation proce$s m rapidly by us+1 in/ead ( rott5 *eese1 putrefy+ meat1 & 9 place ( sug>1 />* pa/e or ma%$ boil$ potatoes1 #a "p ( meat to #d p>ts ( />* or a correspond+ quantity ( potatoes be+ employ$4 ,! same products are =m$ z 9 ! prec$+ process1 b mu* m rapidly1 f]m5tation be+ f9i%$1 accord+ to ,s*ub]t1 9 #e to #f days4 ,butyric acid1 ,c#d;,h#g,o4,,oh1 or ,c#c;,h#g;,,cooh1 is a liquid ( a v s\r ta/e & odor1 & at an int5se cold congeals to a cry/all9e mass :i* melts at #cb ,f4 ,9 a pure /ate x boils at #cbd4b ,f4 ,x is soluble 9 wat]1 b sep>ates aga9 if soluble salts are add$ to ?is solution4 ,its specific gravity1 aft] be+ completely fre$ f wat]1 is #j4igd4 ,besides ! normal butyric acid1 !re is kn[n ano!r "o call$ isobutyric' acid or dime?yl acetic acid4 ,x is di/+ui%$ f ! normal acid by be+ less soluble 9 wat] & by its boil+ po9t1 :i* lies at #cji4b ,f4 ,x occurs 9 ,/4 ,john's bread or c>ob1 9 ! volatile oil f ,arnica montana & 9 croton oil4 ,butyric e!r is =m$ by mix+ #b p>ts ( butyric acid ) #b p>ts ( alcohol & #a "p ( sulphuric acid4 ,! fluid is heat$ to #agf ,f41 &1 aft] be+ = sev]al h\rs kept at t temp]ature1 is p\r$ into cold wat]1 :]eby ! e!r sep>ates z an oily fluid4 ,x is !n sep>at$ f ! aque\s solution1 wa%$ ) wat] to :i* "s *alk has be5 add$ = ! neutralization ( ! free acid1 & f9ally ! wat] is )drawn f ! e!r by1 = sev]al days1 leav+ x 9 contact ) calcium *loride4 ,to obta9 x entirely pure1 x is only necess>y to di/il x once4 ,x =ms a cle>1 v mobile fluid ( a p9e-apple odor1 & a specific gravity ( #j4ijj4 ,x boils at #bdi4h ,f4 ,comm]cial butyric e!r1 l>ge quantities ( :i* are us$ = ! prep>ation ( ! s-call$ p9e-apple e!r or ess5ce1 is seldom pure1 x be+ g5]ally obta9$ f simply rectifi$ butyric acid4 ,accord+ to ano!r me?od1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 n z pr(itable1 x is obta9$ by di/ill+ butt]-soap ) alcohol & sulphuric acid4 ,= ?is purpose1 br+ #bj p\nds ( butt]-soap1 cut up 9 small pieces1 into a di/ill+ app>atus1 p\r ov] x #aj p\nds ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol & heat mod]ately until ! soap is dissolv$4 ,s9ce a portion ( ! alcohol evaporates !reby1 add #aj p\nds m ( alcohol & !n #bj p\nds ( sulphuric acid4 ,on fur!r heat+1 a fluid ( a v agreeable odor di/ils ov]1 :i* is an alcoholic solution ( ! e!rs ( ! volatile acids f\nd 9 butt]4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! op]ation1 9 consequ5ce ( ! fur!r progress ( decomposition1 a developm5t ( sulphur\s acid g5]ally takes place4 ,?is is remov$ f ! di/illate by all[+ x to rema9 = sev]al days 9 contact ) f9ely-pulv]iz$ pyrolusite 7p]oxide ( manganese7 & rectify+ ov] burnt magnesia4 ,9 ! fir/ di/illation1 ! heavy volatile acids ( ! butt] rema9 beh9d2 !y are fre$ f ! excess ( sulphuric acid & ! sulphate ( sodium or potassium by wa%+ ) hot wat]1 & c be utiliz$ 9 ! manufacture ( soap4 ,! butyric e!r obta9$ f butt]-soap is f> f be+ pure butyric e!r1 x conta9+1 besides x1 a mixture ( v>i\s k9ds ( e!r d]iv$ f ! volatile acids--caproic1 capric1 & caprylic acids4 ,h[ev]1 ^! v>ieties ( e!r possess simil> prop]ties to t ( butyric acid2 9 alcoholic solutions _! ta/e & odor are ne>ly alike1 & h5ce c be employ$ 9 ?is mixture = ! prep>ation ( ess5ces ( an agreeable odor & ta/e4 ,a suitable mat]ial = ! prep>ation ( butyric e!r is also ! ,/4 ,john's bread or c>ob1 ! pods ( ,silequa dulcis4 ,r$t5ba*] e/abli%$ 9 !m ! occurr5ce ( ab\t #b p] c5t4 butyric acid1 :i* ,gru5zweig lat] on prov$ to be isobutyric acid4 ,besides butyric acid & o!r volatile acids1 ,/4 ,john's bread conta9s ab\t #dj p] c5t4 ( f]m5table v>ieties ( sug>1 :i* c be utiliz$ aft] _! conv]sion to butyric acid4 ,= ?is purpose ,/9de has propos$ ! foll[+ process3 ,conv]t ! pods toge!r ) ! se$s to a co>se p[d]2 br+ #ajj lbs4 ( ?is p[d] into a capaci\s b>rel plac$ 9 a w>m place1 & p\r suffici5t wat] ( #hb4e ,f4 ov] x1 to =m a ?9 pa/e2 aft] #d to #e days add #bd lbs4 ( :it+ & await f]m5tation4 ,! pa/e1 :i* gradually becomes ?ick]1 is f "t to "t /irr$1 &1 if necess>y1 a small quantity ( lukew>m wat] add$4 ,9 summ] f]m5tation is f9i%$ 9 six weeks1 aft] :i* ! prep>ation ( ! e!r is proce$$ )4 ,= ?is purpose br+ ! pa/e into a /ill provid$ ) a /eam jacket2 ! ev5+ be=e mix #cf lbs4 ( conc5trat$ sulphuric acid ) #fj lbs4 ( alcohol ( #ie p] c5t41 & add ! mixture to ! pa/e 9 ! /ill2 !n lute ! jo9ts ( ! di/ill+ app>atus1 & quickly introduce /eam4 ,di/illation soon comm5ces1 &1 :5 once introduc$1 is cont9u$ ) a mod]ate admission ( /eam4 ,! fir/ p\nd ( ! di/illate is caught by itself1 &1 aft] *ang+ ! receiv]1 di/illation is cont9u$ until b little passes ov]1 ev5 ) an increas$ admission ( /eam4 ,?us an abundant yield ( alcoholic butyric e!r is obta9$4 ,:5 di/illation is f9i%$ #bj lbs4 m ( alcohol may be br\ght into ! /ill2 ! di/illate obta9$ !reby be+ /ill ri* 9 butyric e!r4 ,! ,/4 ,john's bread us$ %\ld be ( ! be/ quality1 free f worms & m\ld1 z o!rwise ! e!r w\ld n possess ! pure1 agreeable odor *>act]i/ic ( butyric e!r4 ,=mic e?yl e!r1 or e?yl =mate1 ,,*o4,,oc#b;,h#e4--,?is e!r is also mu* manufactur$ = ! prep>ation ( ! s-call$ ess5ces :i* are employ$ = ! purpose ( imitat+ ! odor ( plants1 fruits1 etc4 ,x is =m$ by ! action ( =mic acid ^u alcohol1 or by br++ e?yl sulphuric acid1 or a mixture ( alcohol & sulphuric acid1 9 contact ) =mates1 or f9ally by br++ =mic acid at ! mom5t ( its =mation 9 contact ) alcohol4 ,! mo/ simple process is t recomm5d$ by ,lor93-- ,into a capaci\s di/ill+ app>atus connect$ ) ! cool+ pipe1 s t ! di/illate con/antly fl[s back1 br+ #a "p1 by weight1 ( glyc]9 ( ! consi/5cy ( syrup1 add ( its weight ( cry/alliz$ oxalic acid & ! same quantity ( alcohol ( #ij to #ie p] c5t4 ,) mod]ate heat+ a vigor\s developm5t ( gas soon takes place4 ,! oxalic acid 9 contact ) ! glyc]9 splits into =mic acid & c>bonic acid1 accord+ to ! foll[+ equation3-- ,,cooh ,,*o4,,oh ,,co#b4 ,,cooh ---- -------- ---- ,oxalic acid4 ,=mic acid4 ,c>bonic acid4 ,! glyc]9e does n und]go alt]ation !reby4 ,! nasc5t =mic acid conv]ts ! alcohol pres5t into =mic e!r1 wat] be+ sep>at$4 ,:51 aft] cont9u$ heat+1 ! developm5t ( c>bonic acid abates1 add ! same quantities ( oxalic acid & alcohol to ! cont5ts ( ! /ill1 heat aga9 until b little c>bonic acid is evolv$1 & !n add1 twice 9 succession1 ! same quantities ( oxalic acid & alcohol z be=e1 until f9ally z mu* oxalic acid is consum$ z glyc]9 has be5 employ$4 ,:5 ! evolution ( c>bonic acid ceases1 ! receiv] is rev]s$ & ! e!r di/ill$ (f4 ,! glyc]9 rema9+ beh9d is aga9 conc5trat$ to ! consi/5cy ( syrup1 & may be re-us$4 ,! di/illate is fre$ f free acid by ! addition ( magnesia1 & ! alcohol & wat] are sep>at$ by %ak+ ) calcium *loride1 aft] :i* ! pure e!r is obta9$ by rectification4 ,=mic e!r is colorless1 ?9ly-fluid1 ( a pleasant smell1 specific gravity #j4ide1 boil+ po9t #acj ,f41 soluble 9 cold wat]1 & miscible 9 e proportion ) alcohol & e!r4 ,nitr\s e!r1 or e?yl nitrite1 ,c#b;,h#e4,,ono4--,9 a pure /ate ?is e!r is be/ prep>$ accord+ to ! me?od giv5 by ,e4 ,kopp4 ,x consi/s 9 br++ equal volumes ( alcohol & ord9>y nitric acid toge!r ) copp] fil+s into a di/ill+ app>atus1 :i* is s arrang$ t ! vapors fir/ pass ?r\gh a flask fill$ ) wat] ( #gg ,f41 !n ?r\gh a calcium *loride tube1 & are f9ally cond5s$ 9 a receiv] surr\nd$ by sn[ & common salt4 ,! nitric acid is fir/ decompos$ by ! copp]1 nitr\s acid be+ !reby develop$1 :i* is s transpos$ t its radicle ,,no occupies ! position ( ! typical hydrog5 9 ! alcohol1 :ile ! re/ ( ! acid =ms wat] ) ! hydrog5 ( ! alcohol4 ,by ! reaction su* a quantity ( heat is lib]at$ t ! process requires assi/ance by ext]nal heat+ only t[>ds ! end ( ! op]ation4 ,9 ! receiv] is !n a pale yell[ fluid hav+ ! ta/e & odor ( apples &1 at #ei ,f41 a specific gravity ( #j4idg4 ,accord+ to ,liebig1 ! boil+ po9t ( nitr\s e!r lies at #fa4e ,f42 h5ce x c be cond5s$ only by c>eful cool+1 & has to be kept 9 glass tubes fus$ toge!r4 ,9 wat] x is b sp>+ly soluble1 b readily s 9 alcohol4 ,by ! addition ( wat] x is sep>at$ f ! alcoholic solution4 ,mohr has modifi$ ,kopp's me?od z foll[s3 ,mix alcohol ( #j4hcc specific gravity1 wat]1 & nitric acid ( #a4bjj specific gravity1 ea* #bd p>ts & add #d p>ts ( copp] fil+s4 ,( ?is mixture draw (f #bd p>ts ( di/illate1 mix ! latt] ) litmus t9cture & neutralize ! free acid by add+1 drop by drop1 solution ( cau/ic pota% or soda until ! litmus t9cture becomes blue4 ,rectify ! di/illate & cat* ( x #h p>ts4 ,comp\nd ! latt] ) #af p>ts alcohol ( #j4hcc specific gravity1 :]eby ! product is made equal to ! quantity ( alcohol orig9ally us$4 ,! product is kept 9 glasses hold+ f #b to #c ozs4 ea*4 ,?is alcoholic nitr\s e!r is ( a yell[ color1 v /rong & has a pure odor4 ,9 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 nitr\s e!r is mu* us$ = aromatiz+ :iskies & = o!r purposes4 ,accord+ to ,/9de#i x is prep>$ on a l>ge scale z foll[s3-- ,a /one-w>e flask ( at lea/ #abj lbs4 capacity1 su* z is us$ = ! prep>ation ( *lor9e1 is s plac$ ^u a tripod 9 a %eet-iron cyl9d] t ! neck projects ov] ! edge ( ! cyl9d]4 ,! space betwe5 ! flask & ! walls ( ! cyl9d] is completely fill$ ) mats or co>se pack-clo?4 ,a /eam-pipe ent]s ! l[] "p ( ! cyl9d]1 :ile a cock plac$ on ! bottom ( ! cyl9d] s]ves = dis*>g+ ! cond5s$ wat]4 ,! cyl9d] is clos$ by a %eet-iron cov] provid$ 9 ! c5tre ) a hole ?r\gh :i* passes ! neck ( ! flask4 ,! flask is fill$ ) #fj lbs ( #ij p] c5t4 alcohol free f fusel oil1 to :i*1 9 small portions1 #ae lbs4 ( crude nitric acid ( #cf ,b4 are add$4 #i ,d+l]'s ,polyt4 ,j\rn41 #ahd1 #cfg4 ,! neck ( ! flask is provid$ ) an exactly-fitt+ tube ( pure t94 ,! tube is b5t twice at a "r angle1 & "o end is provid$ ) an annul> piece to prev5t x f slipp+ too f> into ! int]ior ( ! flask4 ,! jo9ts betwe5 ! tube & ! neck ( ! flask are lut$ ) a /iff pa/e ( flaxse$ meal1 a wet /rip ( l95 be+1 = great] security1 wrapp$ ov] ! cem5t4 ,! o!r end ( ! t9-tube1 :i* "h occupies ! place ( a /ill-head1 is 9 ! same mann] connect$ ) a long t9-worm ly+ 9 a l>ge cool+ vat4 ,ev]y?+ be+ prep>$1 b little /eam is at fir/ introduc$ into ! iron cyl9d] 9 ord] to sl[ly w>m ! app>atus4 ,:5 ?is is done ! admission ( /eam is gradually increas$4 ,! mats or pack-clo? plac$ betwe5 ! walls ( ! cyl9d] & ! flask prev5t ! latt] f bur/+1 :i* o!rwise might readily happ54 ,di/illation comm5ces 9 ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,! admission ( /eam is !n mod]at$1 c>e be+ _h t ! e!r passes ov] 9 an un9t]rupt$ /ream ( ! ?ickness ( a goose-quill4 ,:51 ) ! admission ( ! same am\nt ( /eam1 ! di/illate comm5ces to run drop by drop1 ! /eam-cock is clos$ & ! op]ation int]rupt$1 ?is be+ ! case 9 ab\t six to sev5 h\rs4 ,! next day ! flask--)\t remov+ ! residue--is *>g$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,h[ev]1 ! ?ird day only #cj p\nds ( alcohol are p\r$ 94 ,! comb9$ di/illates come into a copp] /ill ) d\ble walls1 betwe5 :i* /eam c be admitt$1 & are neutraliz$ ) dry calcium hydrate4 ,! cool+ pipe connect$ ) ! /ill consi/s ( t91 & is provid$ ) a beak dipp+ into a flask fill$ half-full ) #d p\nds ( alcohol4 ,a slight curr5t ( /eam suffices = di/illation4 ,! fir/ di/illate is d>k yell[1 & conta9s l>ge quantities ( aldehyde4 ,not)/&+ c>eful cool+1 ! vapors c be b incompletely cond5s$1 & _! inhalation has to be c>efully avoid$1 !y produc+ /upor & heada*e z well z inflammation ( ! eyes4 ,:5 ! di/illate is colorless & %[s no reaction ) litmus pap]1 ! receiv] is remov$ & replac$ by a l>ge glass balloon 9 :i* ! entire di/illate is collect$4 ,di/illation mu/ be quickly f9i%$1 z o!rwise color$ e!r is obta9$4 ,val]ianic amyl e!r or amyl val]ate1 ,c#e;,h#aa,o4,c#e;,h#i,o4 ,?is e!r is =m$ by treat+ amyl alcohol ) *romic acid4 ,h[ev]1 besides ! e!r a l>ge quantity ( val]ianic acid is also =m$1 :i* has to be conv]t$ by itself into e!r4 ,to prep>e ! e!r br+ #e p>ts ( p[d]$ potassium di*romate toge!r ) #e p>ts ( wat] into a di/ill+ app>atus & v gradually add a mixture ( #a "p amyl alcohol & #e p>ts conc5trat$ sulphuric acid4 ,! fluid becomes s /rongly heat$ t x almo/ boils4 ,:5 reaction is f9i%$1 heat & di/il (f ! re/4 ,! di/illate consi/s ( two lay]s2 ! l[] "o be+ an aque\s solution ( val]ianic acid & ! upp] "o a mixture ( val]ianic acid & amyl val]ate4 ,to sep>ate bo?1 add conc5trat$ c>bonate ( soda solution until all ! free acid is neutraliz$4 ,! oily liquid sep>at+ !reby is ! e!r4 ,x is sep>at$ f ! val]ianate ( sodium1 ! latt] evaporat$ to a small volume1 &1 aft] cool+1 suffici5t sulphuric acid to fix ! entire quantity ( ! soda is add$4 ,! val]ianic acid is !reby sep>at$1 & floats ^u ! solution ( ! sodium sulphate4 ,x is sep>at$ f ! latt]1 & #a p>ts ( x are add$ to a mixture ( "p ( amyl alcohol & #a "p sulphuric acid & heat$ to #bab ,f4 ,aft] ! addition ( wat]1 ! apple-e!r sep>ates & only requires wa%+ ) wat] & "s sodium c>bonate to yield a pure product4 ,! sep>ation ( ! val]ianic acid c1 h[ev]1 be readily avoid$4 ,evaporate ! neutral solution ( ! val]ianate ( soda to dryness 9 ! wat]-ba?1 weigh (f #a molecule1 or #abd p>ts1 & g5tly heat x ) a mixture ( #a molecule or #ih p>ts ( sulphuric acid 7on acc\nt ( ! cont5t ( wat] 9 ! comm]cial acid1 #aje p>ts ( x w h to be tak57 & #a molecule or #hh p>ts ( amyl alcohol4 ,! e!r ?us obta9$ is a fluid1 :i*1 9 a conc5trat$ /ate1 does n possess an agreeable odor1 b :5 mix$ ) #aj p>ts ( alcohol imp>ts to ! latt] an odor resembl+ t ( apples4 ,x boils at f #cgj to #cgd ,f41 & at #fd ,f4 has a specific gravity ( #j4hgic4 ,val]ianic e?yl e!r closely resembles ! amyl e!r1 &1 l x1 is prep>$ f val]ianate ( sodium1 ord9>y alcohol1 & sulphuric acid4 ,apple e!r ess5tially consi/s ( val]ic amyl e!r1 ( :i* #a "p is dissolv$ 9 #f to #aj p>ts ( /rong alcohol4 ,apricot e!r is butyric e!r ) "s amyl alcohol4 ,*]ry e!r is acetic e!r ) b5zoic e!r4 ,pe> e!r conta9s acetic amyl e!r4 ,p9eapple e!r is butyric e!r4 ,/rawb]ry e!r is acetic e!r ) acetic amyl e!r & butyric e!r4 ,! e!rs are dissolv$ 9 v>i\s proportions 9 alcohol1 accord+ to ! int5sity ( ! odor :i* x is desir$ to obta94 ,! aroma ( mo/ ( !m is g5]ally increas$ by a slight addition ( *lor(orm4 ,= ! prep>ation ( diff]5t fruit ess5ces ,kletz9sky#aj gives ! foll[+ directions4 ,! figures indicate additions 9 cubic c5timet]s to #a lit] ( rectifi$ alcohol ( #ij p] c5t43-- #aj ,d+l]'s ,polyt4 ,j\rn41 #ahj1 #gg4 ,apple ess5ce4--,*lor(orm #aj1 nitr\s e!r #aj1 aldehyde #bj1 acetic e!r #aj1 val]ic amyl e!r #ajj1 oxalic acid#aa #aj1 glyc]9 #dj4 ,apricot ess5ce4--,*lor(orm #aj1 butyric e!r #ajj1 val]ic e!r #ej1 pea* oil #aj1 amyl alcohol #bj1 butyric amyl e!r #aj1 t>t>ic acid#aa #aj1 glyc]9 #dj4 ,*]ry ess5ce4--,acetic e!r #ej1 b5zoic e!r #ej1 pea* oil #aj1 b5zoic acid#aa #aj1 glyc]9 #cj4 ,currant ess5ce4--,aldehyde #aj1 acetic e!r #ej1 b5zoic e!r #aj1 grape-se$ oil #aj1 t>t>ic acid#aa #ej1 succ9ic acid#aa #aj1 b5zoic acid#aa #aj4 ,grape ess5ce4--,*lor(orm #bj1 aldehyde #bj1 =mic e!r #bj1 grape-se$ oil #ajj1 w9t]gre5 oil #aj1 t>t>ic acid#aa #ej1 succ9ic acid#aa #cj1 glyc]9 #ajj4 ,lemon ess5ce4--,*lor(orm #aj1 nitr\s e!r #aj1 aldehyde #bj1 acetic e!r #ajj1 oil ( lemons #ajj1 t>t>ic acid#aa #ajj1 succ9ic acid#aa #aj1 glyc]9 #ej4 ,melon ess5ce4--,aldehyde #bj1 =mic e!r #aj1 butyric e!r #dj1 val]ic e!r #ej1 glyc]9 #cj4 ,orange ess5ce4--,*lor(orm #bj1 aldehyde #bj1 acetic e!r #ej1 =mic e!r #aj1 butyric e!r #aj1 b5zoic e!r #aj1 w9t]gre5 oil #aj1 acetic amyl e!r #aj1 orange-peel oil #ajj1 t>t>ic acid#aa #aj1 glyc]9 #ajj4 #aa ,! figures = free acids ref] to cubic c5timet]s ( cold1 saturat$1 alcoholic solutions4 ,pea* ess5ce4--,aldehyde #bj1 acetic e!r #ej1 =mic e!r #ej1 butyric e!r #ej1 val]ic e!r #ej1 pea* oil #ej1 amyl alcohol #bj1 glyc]9 #ej4 ,pe> ess5ce4--,acetic e!r #ej1 acetic amyl e!r #ajj1 glyc]9 #ajj4 ,p9eapple ess5ce4--,*lor(orm #aj1 aldehyde #aj1 butyric e?yl e!r #ej1 butyric amyl e!r #ajj1 glyc]9 #cj4 ,plum ess5ce4--,aldehyde #ej1 acetic e!r #ej1 =mic e!r #aj1 butyric e!r #bj1 pea* oil #dj1 glyc]9 #hj4 ,raspb]ry ess5ce4--,nitr\s e!r #aj1 aldehyde #aj1 acetic e!r #ej1 =mic e!r #aj1 butyric e!r #aj1 b5zoic e!r #aj1 grape-se$ oil #aj1 w9t]gre5 oil #aj1 acetic amyl e!r #aj1 butyric amyl e!r #aj1 t>t>ic acid#aa #ej1 succ9ic acid#aa #aj1 glyc]9 #dj4 #aa ,! figures = free acids ref] to cubic c5timet]s ( cold1 saturat$1 alcoholic solutions4 ,/rawb]ry ess5ce4--,nitr\s e!r #aj1 acetic e!r #ej1 =mic e!r #aj1 butyric e!r #ej1 w9t]gre5 oil #aj1 acetic amyl e!r #cj1 butyric amyl e!r #bj1 glyc]9 #bj4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,alcoholic ,,p]fumes4 ,! alcoholic p]fumes1 also call$ ,extraits d',odeurs1 are divid$ into fl[]-odors1 ,extraits aux fleurs1 & into comp\nd odors1 ,b\quets4 ,! extracts ( ,fr5* fl[] pomades =m ! f\ndation ( all ,extraits d',odeurs1 all o!r additions s]v+ ! purpose ( r5d]+ ^! odors m pron\nc$ & durable4 ,h5ce ! art ( ! p]fum] consi/ 9 atta9+ ?is object z p]fectly z possible by ! correct composition ( ! p]fume-mat]ials at 8 disposal4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! fl[]-odor jasm9e is to be prep>$1 x w\ld n be suffici5t to simply use ! alcoholic extract ( jasm9e-pomade = ! purpose1 s9ce ! odor ( jasm9e w\ld soon volatilize 9 ! air or ^u ! h&k]*ief1 if ! p]fum] did n und]/& h[ to prev5t x4 ,to prev5t ! rapid volatilization ( ! sc5t1 to reta9 x or to fix x1 extracts ( v>i\s p]fume-mat]ials1 kn[n z t9ctures or extracts are us$4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ ! fl[]-pomades 9 ,france has already be5 describ$ on p4 #eh et seq4 ,x ne$ "h only be add$ t1 accord+ to _! quality1 ^! pomades are designat$ by diff]5t numb]s by ! ,fr5* manufactur]s4 ,!re are ?ree qualities1 :i* by "s manufactur]s are designat$ z ,no4 #f1 ,no4 #ah1 & ,no4 #cj2 & by o!rs z ,no4 #ab1 ,no4 #bd & ,no4 #cf1 s t ,no4 #f & ,no4 #ab1 ,no4 #ah & ,no4 #bd1 z well z ,no4 #cj & #cf correspond to ea* o!r4 ,pomades ,no4 #f or ,no4 #ab are n suitable = ! prep>ation ( extracts1 !y conta9+ b little actual extract ( fl[]s1 & are g5]ally mixtures t\*$ up ) volatile oils4 ,!y are almo/ exclusively us$ = hair pomades1 = :i* !y are well adapt$4 ,no4 #ah or ,no4 #bd is ! quality g5]ally employ$ by ! p]fum] = alcoholic extracts4 ,no4 #cj or ,no4 #cf is ! /ronge/1 &1 h5ce1 mo/ exp5sive fl[]-pomade1 & is us$ only by a few p]fum]s :o h cu/om]s = ! f9e/ qualities ( ,extraits d',odeurs4 ,:5 fre%ly prep>$1 ! above-m5tion$ fl[] pomades d n possess ! f9e odor ( ! respective fl[]s1 ! full aroma be+ develop$ only aft] ab\t six mon?s4 ,! t9-cani/]s conta9+ !m %\ld be provid$ ) well-fitt+ lids & kept 9 a cool1 dry cell>4 ,?us /or$1 fl[]-pomade keeps = ab\t five ye>s1 ) ! exception ( jasm9e & tub]ose1 :i* keep only = ab\t two ye>s4 ,9 ord] to %[ h[ ! extraction ( fl[]-pomades is effect$1 we w take1 z an example1 #b lbs4 ( ,fr5* fl[]-pomade ,no4 #ah & #c qu>ts ( be/ alcohol4#ad ,?is proportion yields a good & suffici5tly /rong extract = ! prep>ation ( ,extraits d',odeurs4 ,x mu/1 ( c\rse1 be suit$ to ! size ( ! extract+ app>atus1 #h lbs4 ( fl[]-pomade & #ad qu>ts ( alcohol be+1 = in/ance1 tak51 ?\gh t dep5ds on ! quantity ( ! respective extract requir$ by ! p]fum]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 be/ t ! app>atus %\ld be z completely fill$ z possible s t x conta9s b little air4 #ad ,by be/ alcohol is und]/ood rectifi$ alcohol ( #ie to #ig p] c5t4 ,! ga9+ ( alcoholic extracts f fl[]-pomades is be/ effect$ 9 a special app>atus1 "o ( ! simple/ k9d = ! purpose be+ %[n at ,fig4 #be4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4 ,x consi/s ( two cyl9d]s1 ,a & ,a#a ( /\t %eet-iron provid$ ) well-fitt+ lids4 ,?r\gh ! c5tre ( ea* lid passes a v]tical iron %aft a & a#a :i* c>ries 9 ! int]ior ( ! app>atus sev]al horizontal arms b1 b#a1 b#b4 ,^! v]tical %afts c be rapidly revolv$ by ! horizontal %aft c4 ,be=e br++ ! fl[]-pomade into ! app>atus1 x is melt$ 9 ! wat]-ba? at a temp]ature1 :i*1 "u no conditions1 %\ld exce$ #hh4be ,f4 ,! alcohol is also heat$ to #hh4be ,f4 & add$ to ! melt$ pomade 9 ! app>atus4 ,! arms ) :i* ! v]tical %aft is provid$1 keep ! mass 9 ! app>atus 9 con/ant motion & prev5t ! pomade f settl+ on ! bottom4 ,! app>atus is arrang$ to be driv5 ei!r by h& or /eam1 a fly-:eel in/ead ( a pulley1 be+ 9 ! fir/ case provid$ at g4 ,:]e ! manufactur] has /eam-p[] at 8 disposal1 ! app>atus may be connect$ ) ! transmission & all[$ to run = #dh to #fj h\rs dur+ work+ "t4 ,aft] ! expiration ( ?is "t1 proce$ to /ra9 (f ! f9i%$ extract 7,no4 #a7 z foll[s3 ,ov] a clean t9 vessel /ret* a close1 :ite l95 clo?1 & p\r ! entire cont5ts ( ! app>atus ^u ! latt]2 ! liquid portion runs ?r\gh ! clo? into ! vessel1 :ile ! pomade rema9s beh9d ^u ! clo?4 ,f9ally1 ! clo? is ?or\ghly wrung out 9 ord] to obta9 z mu* alcoholic extract f ! pomade z possible4 ,br+ ! extract1 ,no4 #a1 ?us obta9$ into a glass flask1 all[ x to /& 9 a cool cell> = ab\t #dh h\rs1 & !n filt] x ?r\gh pap] into ano!r glass bottle4 ,?is filt]+ ?r\gh pap] is necess>y1 ev5 if ! extract %\ld appe> cle> & pure1 z1 9 /ra9+1 n only d small p>ticles ( fat pass ?r\gh ! clo?1 b are also dissolv$ 9 ! extract4 ,by quietly /&+ 9 a cool cell> ^! p>ticles ( fat are sep>at$ & appe> z :ite flakes on ! bottom & sides ( ! flask4 ,at a high] temp]ature1 ^! flakes melt & appe> z drops ( oil on ! bottom ( ! flask4 ,if filt]+ 7 omitt$1 ^! p>ticles ( fat w\ld be transf]r$ to ! extracts & ?us cause /a9s ^u h&k]*iefs1 clo?+1 etc4 ,if ! manufactur] has n a cool cell> at 8 disposal1 ! fatty p>ticles are readily sep>at$ by plac+ ! flasks conta9+ ! extract ^u ice1 & filt]+ imm$iately aft] sep>ation is complete4 ,! fat !n rema9s ^u ! filt]4 ,! pomade rema9+ ^u ! /ra9+ clo? is1 )\t be+ previ\sly melt$1 return$ to ! app>atus1 &1 aft] add+ ! same quantity ( alcohol 7#c qu>ts to e #b lbs4 ( pomade71 ! mixture is aga9 work$ z previ\sly describ$4 ,! /ra9+ (f & filt]+ ( extract ,no4 #b is effect$ 9 precisely ! same mann] z extract ,no4 #a4 ,! pomade ^u ! clo? is n[ br\ght = ! ?ird "t into ! app>atus &1 aft] add+ #c qu>ts ( alcohol = e #b lbs4 ( pomade1 subject$ to ! same treatm5t z = extracts ,nos4 #a & #b4 ,aft] ?or\ghly wr++ out ! clo? conta9+ ! pomade1 ! latt] is br\ght into a clean t9 vessel & entirely melt$ ^u ! wat]-ba?4 ,! vessel conta9+ ! melt$ pomade is plac$ 9 a cool cell> &1 if aft] complete cool+1 a liquid appe>s ^u ! surface1 x is add$ to ! flask conta9+ extract ,no4 #c4 ,?is extract1 ,no4 #c1 is us$ 9 place ( alcohol :5 prep>+1 ! next "t1 extract ,no4 #a f ! same k9d ( pomade4 ,9 ?is mann]1 an extract ,no4 #a ( /ill great] /r5g? is obta9$1 & by treat+ ! pomade ?ree times ) alcohol1 x is m completely exhau/$4 ,! exhau/$ pomade c1 9 conjunction ) fre% fat1 be us$ = ord9>y hair pomades4 ,al?\gh ! extraction ( pomades is some:at labori\s & requires great c>e1 x nev]!less pays ! p]fum]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4 ,bey] frres1 ( ,p>is1 h ess5tially improv$ ! extract+ app>atus previ\sly describ$1 ! improvem5t be+ %[n 9 ,fig4 #bf4 ,! cyl9d]s ,a & ,a#a are ( copp] t9n$ inside2 ! lids close air-tight2 above ! cocks f & f#a a p]=at$ piece ( t9 is plac$ 9 ! int]ior ( ! cyl9d]s2 ^u ?is piece ( t9 a disk ( felt may be plac$1 & ?us ! extract be drawn (f cle>4 ,9 ord] to r$uce ! pomade to a f9ely divid$ /ate1 & ?us br+ x 9 contact ) ! alcohol1 x is pass$ ?r\gh a v]micelli press1 h1 plac$ ^u ! cyl9d] ,a#a4 ,! pomade passes1 9 ! =m ( f9e v]micelli1 ?r\gh a sieve 9 ! l[] portion ( ! press into ! alcohol conta9$ 9 ! cyl9d]s4 ,! press c be transf]r$ f "o extract+ vessel to ! o!r4 ,! %afts a & a#a also h sev]al horizontal arms l ^? %[n 9 ,fig4 #be4 ,?r\gh ! contrivances d & d#a1 sitt+ ^u ! %aft c1 ! %afts a & a#a1 receive a revolv+ z well z an up-&-d[n motion1 s t a complete mixture ( pomade & alcohol is effect$4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! pomade completely yields its p]fume to ! alcohol 9 "o day1 & indep5d5t ( ! quick] "w1 x has ! fur!r advantage t ! extracts are ( bett] quality 9 consequ5ce ( n rema9+ = s long a "t 9 contact ) ! fat4 ,,t9ctures ,,& ,,extracts4 ,9 ! foll[+ pages receipts = ! prep>ation ( ! pr9cipal t9ctures & extracts us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ,extraits1 z well z 9 o!r bran*es ( p]fum]y1 fumigat+ pa/ils & p[d]s1 d5tifrices1 m\?-wat]s1 & cosmetics1 w be giv54 ,! t9ctures are prep>$ f ! res9s & balsams previ\sly m5tion$1 z well z f ! p]fume-sub/ances d]iv$ f ! animal k+dom4 ,besides ^! !re are employ$ = ! purpose sev]al spices1 leaves1 roots1 & se$s--su* z musk-se$s1 angelica root1 orris root1 pat*\li leaves1 musk-root or sumbul-root1 tonka beans1 vanilla1 vitiv]t root1 etc4 ,mo/ ( ^! sub/ances1 if n already f\nd 9 comm]ce 9 ! =m ( a p[d]1 are1 be=e extraction1 pulv]iz$1 or at lea/ comm9ut$ z mu* z possible4 ,= a bett] view ! treatm5t ( ea* sub/ance is giv5 ) ! respective receipt4 ,! infusions %\ld be /or$ 9 a mod]ately w>m room1 & ?or\ghly %ak5 sev]al times e day4 ,:5 extraction is f9i%$ ! product is filt]$ ?r\gh pap] & is !n call$ t9cture or extract4 ,! sub/ances to be us$ = t9ctures %\ld be fre% & g5u9e1 & ! alcohol free f fusel oil1 s9ce a p]fect t9cture c only be obta9$ "u ^! conditions4 ,= ! prep>ation ( t9ctures ,bey] frres h con/ruct$ v suitable app>atuses 7,figs4 #bg & #bh74 ,by ! vigor\s & un9t]rupt$ agitation produc$ by means ( su* an app>atus extraction is effect$ mu* m rapidly & m completely ?an by treat+ ! sub/ances to be extract$ 9 ord9>y bottles & by %ak+ ) ! h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4 ,! app>atus 7,fig4 #bg7 is provid$ ) two boxes = ! reception ( bottles fill$ ) ! sub/ances to be extract$ & alcohol4 ,9 ! accompany+ illu/ration "o box is *>g$ ) two glass bottles & ! o!r ) a copp] flask4 ,h[ev]1 ,bey] frres also con/ruct app>atuses :i* c1 at "o "t1 be *>g$ ) #f1 #h1 or #aj glass bottles1 s t #f1 #h1 or #aj diff]5t t9ctures c be prep>$ at "o op]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4 ,! app>atus 7,fig4 #bh7 consi/s ( a r\nd table provid$ ) cavities cov]$ ) lea!r1 9 :i* re/ bottles ( a special %ape4 ,! bottles fit exactly 9 ! cavities4 ,! /opp]s1 ) :i* ! bottles are clos$1 re/ aga9/ a screw ( l>ge diamet] plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! app>atus4 ,aga9/ ?is screw ! bottles are firmly press$ by means ( clamps & screws4 ,! bottles be+ fill$ ) ! sub/ances to be extract$1 ! table is set 9 motion1 mov+ alt]nately f left to "r & f "r to left4 ,x is advisable to h always a suffici5t supply ( t9ctures on h&1 s9ce _! aroma improves by age4 ,! receipts giv5 9 ! foll[+ pages h be5 practically te/$ & c be recomm5d$ z p]fectly reliable4 ,musk t9cture4--,tonk9 musk #aa dra*ms1 rose wat] #h ozs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #b qu>ts4 ,c>efully empty ! musk sac into a glass flask1 add ! rose wat] & let ! flask /& = ab\t #aj days1 %ak+ frequ5tly4 ,!n add ! alcohol & let ! :ole /& = sev]al weeks1 %ak+ frequ5tly4 ,cut up ! empty musk sacs into z small pieces z possible1 &1 9 ano!r bottle1 treat !m 9 ! same mann] z _! cont5ts2 di/ill$ wat]1 may1 h[ev]1 be us$ in/ead ( rose wat]4 ,! object ( ! wat] is to s(t5 ! musk1 :i* swells up1 s t ! alcohol c bett] p5etrate into ! cellul> tissue & absorb ! aroma4 ,! extract f ! empty musk sacs is us$ = *eap] products1 or mix$ ) ! extract f ! cont5ts ( ! sacs1 accord+ to :e!r a m or less f9e quality ( t9cture is to be obta9$4 ,a /ill high] yield might1 p]haps1 be obta9$ by ! use ( a ma*9e = comm9ut+ ! musk1 :i* gr9ds ! sac to atoms1 :]eby ! cellul> tissue is /ill m completely dis9tegrat$ ?an by cutt+ up4 ,civet t9cture4--,civet #e dra*ms1 be/ quality ( alcohol #c p9ts4 ,civet 9 its natural /ate be+1 ) difficulty1 soluble 9 alcohol1 triturate x 9 a mort> to a pulv]ul5t mass toge!r ) "s dry sub/ance1 = in/ance1 :it+ or exhau/$ orris-root p[d]4 ,! mixture is !n br\ght into a glass flask1 ! alcohol add$1 & ! :ole frequ5tly %ak54 ,amb]gris t9cture4--,amb]gris #e dra*ms1 alcohol ( ! be/ quality #a qu>t4 ,amb]gris dissolv+ readily 9 alcohol1 pulv]iz+ is n requir$1 b if x is done1 great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to prev5t loss ( ?is exp5sive sub/ance4 ,amb]gris is n s mu* di/+ui%$ by its aroma z by its inde/ructibility1 :i* r5d]s x especially suitable = fix+ odors4 ,ca/or t9cture4--,ca/or #c ozs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #c p9ts4 ,comm9ute ! ca/or z mu* z possible1 br+ x into a glass flask & add ! alcohol4 ,p]fume-sub/ances resembl+ musk hav+ 9 ! la/ few ye>s increas$ to an extraord9>y degree1 ! use ( ca/or has be5 almo/ entirely ab&on$ on acc\nt ( its disagreeable odor4 ,! t9cture c only be employ$1 :5 v old1 = *eap p]fumes4 ,b5zo9 t9cture4--,b5zo9 7,siam7 #b lbs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #c qu>ts4 ,conv]t ! b5zo9 into a co>se p[d]1 br+ x into a flask1 add ! alcohol & %ake ?or\ghly4 ,solution takes place 9 #aj to #ab days4 ,siam b5zo9 is ! f9e/ & mo/ exp5sive & is indisp5sable = ,extraits d',odeurs4 ,= *eap] products ( p]fum]y1 ,sumatra b5zo9 answ]s v well4 ,p]u-balsam t9cture4--,p]u balsam #h ozs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #e qu>ts4 ,tolu-balsam t9cture4--,tolu balsam #c lbs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #e qu>ts4 ,br+ ! alcohol into a bottle4 ,tolu balsam _c be r$uc$ to a p[d]1 h5ce x is necess>y to keep x "r cool1 :]eby x becomes brittle s t x c be cut up ) a %>p in/rum5t & a hamm]4 ,! pieces deta*$ are rapidly br\ght into ! alcohol1 solution tak+ place 9 ab\t #ad days4 ,if ! alcohol 7 add$ to ! tolu balsam1 ! latt] w\ld ball toge!r1 r5d]+ solution v difficult4 ,frequ5t vigor\s %ak+ is necess>y4 ,olibanum t9cture4--,olibanum #b lbs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #d qu>ts4 ,r$uce ! olibanum to z f9e a p[d] z possible1 br+ x into a flask1 add ! alcohol & %ake frequ5tly4 ,opopanax t9cture4--,opopanax #b lbs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #d qu>ts4 ,r$uce ! opopanax to a co>se p[d]1 br+ x into a bottle1 add ! alcohol & %ake frequ5tly4 ,/orax t9cture4--,/orax liquidus #d lbs41 alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts4 ,br+ ! alcohol fir/ into ! flask4 ,!n place ! pot conta9+ ! /orax 9 w>m wat] until x becomes m liquid1 & !n p\r x 9 v ?9 ?reads into ! flask4 ,%ake frequ5tly4 ,myrrh t9cture4--,myrrh #a lb41 be/ quality ( alcohol #b qu>ts4 ,musk-se$ or abelmosk t9cture4--,abelmosk gra9s #ba ozs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #b qu>ts4 ,r$uce ! gra9s to a f9e p[d]1 br+ ! p[d] into a bottle1 & add ! alcohol4 ,?is t9cture abelmos*i fulfils its object z a fix+ ag5t only :5 ab\t "o ye> old1 :5 x possesses a v f9e aroma4 ,abelmosk gra9s are ! se$s ( a plant 7,abelmos*us mos*atus ,mn*2 ,hebiscus abelmos*us1 ,l47 indig5\s to ,c5tral ,africa1 ,arabia1 & ,india4 ,!y are r$di%gray1 kidney-%ap$1 slightly corrugat$ on ! surface1 & ( an agreeable musk-l odor4 ,! sub/ance produc+ ! musk odor lies 9 ! se$ coat4 ,! odor becomes v pron\nc$ on rubb+ ! se$s betwe5 ! h&s4 ,angelica root t9cture4--,angelica root #af ozs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #b qu>ts4 ,bruise or rasp ! root1 br+ x into a bottle1 add ! alcohol1 & %ake frequ5tly4 ,orris-root t9cture4--,pulv]iz$ orris root ( be/ quality #b lbs41 alcohol ( be/ quality #c qu>ts4 ,pulv]ize ! root1 br+ x into a glass flask1 & add ! alcohol4 ,! p[d] hav+ a great t5d5cy to ball toge!r1 x is necess>y to %ake five or six times daily1 & cont9ue to d s = #ad days4 ,9 /ra9+ (f ! t9cture1 x is advisable to br+ ! entire cont5ts ( ! flask ^u a close l95 clo? /ret*$ ov] a t9 vessel4 ,! orris-root p[d] rema9+ ^u ! clo? aft] ! t9cture has run (f is return$ to ! flask1 & fre% alcohol add$ 9 ord] to obta9 a second extract4 ,musk-root or sumbul-root t9cture4--,sumbul root #a lb41 be/ quality ( alcohol #b qu>ts4 ,proce$ 9 ! same mann] z giv5 "u angelica-root t9cture4 ,tonka-bean t9cture4--,tonka beans #h ozs41 alcohol ( be/ quality #c p9ts4 ,! tonka bean is ( great importance = p]fum]y4 ,! t9cture prep>$ f x has an agreeable1 p5etrat+ odor1 & 9 mix+ x ) o!r odors1 great c>e has to be ex]cis$1 s t ! tonka odor is n too prom95t4 ,! t9cture is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,br+ ! beans1 )\t comm9ut+ !m or remov+ ! :ite coat+ adh]+ to !m1 into a flask1 add ! alcohol1 & let ! :ole mac]ate1 ) frequ5t %ak+1 = ab\t #ad days4 ,!n filt] (f ! fluid4 ,! t9cture prep>$ 9 ?is mann] only conta9s ! cum>9 f\nd z a :ite coat+ ^u ! beans1 & is us$ only = ! f9e/ products4 ,n[ take ! beans f ! flask1 comm9ute !m1 return !m to ! flask1 & add #a qu>ts ( alcohol4 ,?is extract gives an excell5t t9cture suitable = products ( m$ium quality4 ,cum>9 t9cture4--,cum>9 #e dra*ms1 be/ quality ( alcohol #a qu>t4 ,heliotrop9 t9cture4--,! :ite cry/als ( heliotrop9 yield ) alcohol a solution cle> z wat]1 :i* is mu* us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ,extrait hliotrope4 ,vanilla t9cture4--,be/ quality ( ,b\rbon vanilla #e ozs41 alcohol ( be/ quality #b qu>ts4 ,to prep>e ! t9cture proce$ z foll[s3 ,cut ! s-call$ vanilla pods l5g?wise & !n into z small pieces z possible1 & br+ ! latt] toge!r ) ! alcohol into a flask4 ,"s p]fum]s triturate ! commimut$ vanilla ) sug> 9 a porcela9 mort>1 :]eby ! small-se$ bodies conta9$ 9 ! pod are gr\nd up1 & a bett] yield is claim$ to be obta9$4 ,?\gh by ?is trituration a t9cture ( a d>k] color may be obta9$1 ! color alone is by no means a pro( ( ! /r5g? ( ! t9cture4 ,c>e mu/ be _h to br+ ! :ite1 d[ny cry/als ( vanill9 f\nd ^u ! vanilla pods into ! flask4 ,vanill9 t9cture4--,vanill9 #a dra*ms1 alcohol #b qu>ts4 ,vitiv]t t9cture4--,vitiv]t rhizome #h ozs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #b qu>ts4 ,r$uce ! rhizome to z f9e a p[d] z possible1 br+ ! latt] into a flask1 add ! alcohol & %ake frequ5tly4 ,junip]-b]ry t9cture4--,junip] b]ries #b lbs41 be/ quality ( alcohol #e p9ts4 ,! junip] b]ries 7! fruits ( ,junip]us communis1 ,l47 are comm9ut$1 & ! alcohol is p\r$ ov] !m4 ,pat*\li extract4#ae--,pat*\li leaves #a lb41 be/ quality ( alcohol #e p9ts4 #ae ,comp>e pat*\li oil1 p4 #acj4 ,br+ ! pulv]iz$ leaves into a bottle & add ! alcohol4 ,! t9cture f pat*\li leaves be+ d>k-gre5 is n suitable = ! prep>ation ( ,extraits1 s9ce :ite sub/ances are color$ grass-gre5 by x2 only traces ( ! t9cture may be us$ = ! purpose ( giv+ ! ,extrait pat*\li a gre5i% %ade ( color4 ,! t9cture may1 h[ev]1 be utiliz$ = mill$ pat*\li soaps4 ,f _m ( ! above-m5tion$ p]fume-sub/ances1 :i* s]ve = ! prep>ation ( t9ctures & are n entirely soluble 9 alcohol1 b leave a residue aft] extraction1 a second infusion may be made4 ,musk1 ca/or1 & ! res9s dissolve completely1 !re rema9+ beh9d only ! impurities & any m9]al con/itu5ts pres5t :i* possess no aroma4 ,b all residues f woods1 fruits1 etc41 are suitable = a second extraction1 mo/ ( ! t9ctures ?us obta9$ be+ q aromatic1 &1 z w be se5 lat] on 9 giv+ receipts1 c be v advantage\sly utiliz$4 ,= ! second extraction less alcohol has to be tak5 ?an = ! fir/4 ,s9ce _m p]fum]s consid] x ( great] advantage & m suitable to fir/ dissolve ! volatile oils us$ = ! ,extraits d',odeurs1 & to prep>e a t9cture 9 ?is mann]1 sev]al receipts = ! purpose are giv5 bel[4 ,9 ! receipts = p]fum]y giv5 9 ! next foll[+ sections1 ! volatile oils are specifi$ z su*1 & n z t9ctures1 because ! ,extraits d',odeurs conta9+ evid5tly mu* non-saturat$ alcohol1 ! volatile oils w 9 "t completely dissolve 9 !m4 ,an exception to ?is rule might be ylang-ylang oil & p]haps orris-root oil4 ,ylang-ylang oil is soluble ) difficulty1 ev5 9 v /rong alcohol1 & if directly us$ = ! ,extrait1 ! latt] rema9s turbid = weeks1 & frequ5tly1 especially 9 w9t]1 does n become cle>1 not)/&+ repeat$ filt]+4 ,h[ev]1 by prep>+ 9 good "t an ylang-ylang t9cture ?is evil is avoid$4 ,almond-oil 7bitt]7 t9cture4--,bitt] almond oil #b dra*ms1 alcohol#af #a qu>t4 #af ,= all ! t9ctures1 #ie to #ig p] c5t4 alcohol ( ! be/ quality is to be us$4 ,balm-oil t9cture4--,balm oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,basil-oil t9cture4--,basil oil #ad dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,b]gamot-oil t9cture4--,b]gamot oil #c ozs41 alcohol #d qu>ts4 ,canango-oil t9cture4--,canango oil 7,java71 #a ozs41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,cassia-oil t9cture4--,cassia oil #a ozs41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,c$>-oil t9cture4--,c$> oil #a oz41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,c9namon-oil t9cture4--,ceylon c9namon oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,citronella-oil t9cture4--,citronella oil #a oz41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,clove-oil t9cture4--,oil ( cloves #aa dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,eucalyptus-oil t9cture4--,eucalyptus oil #a oz41 alcohol #a qu>ts4 ,g]anium-oil t9cture4--,palma rosa oil #ad dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,lav5d]-oil t9cture4--,lav5d] oil #a ozs41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,lemon-grass-oil t9cture4--,lemon-grass oil #a oz41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,lemon-oil t9cture4--,oil ( lemons #a ozs41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,lic>i-oil t9cture4--,lic>i oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,myrrh-oil t9cture4--,myrrh oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,n]oli-oil t9cture4--,n]oli oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,opopanax-oil t9cture4--,opopanax oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,orris-root-oil t9cture4--,orris-root oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,pat*\li-oil t9cture4--,pat*\li oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,petit-gra9-oil t9cture4--,petit-gra9 oil #aa dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,p9e-leaf-oil t9cture4--,p9e-leaf oil#ag #ad dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 #ag ,by p9e-leaf oil is und]/ood p9e oil or dw>f-p9e oil4 ,see p4 #adi4 ,portugal-oil t9cture4--,portugal oil #a ozs41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,s&al-wood-oil t9cture4--,s&al-wood#ah oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 #ah ,! bett] quality ( oil f ! ,ea/ ,indian wood is to be us$4 ,v]b5a-oil t9cture4--,v]b5a oil #aa dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,vitiv]t-oil t9cture4--,vitiv]t oil #b dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,w9t]gre5-oil t9cture4--,w9t]gre5 oil #e dra*ms1 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,ylang-ylang-oil t9cture4--,ylang-ylang oil #aa dra*ms1 alcohol #c qu>ts4 ,rose-oil t9cture4--,rose oil 7,turki%7#ai #a ozs41 alcohol #f qu>ts4 #ai ,bulg>ian rose oil is g5]ally designat$ ,turki% rose oil4 ,rose oil1 if directly add$ to ! alcohol1 dissolves ) difficulty & incompletely4 ,by ! foll[+ me?od ! object is1 h[ev]1 readily accompli%$3-- ,br+ ab\t #e ozs4 ( pulv]iz$ sug> into a capaci\s porcela9 mort>1 add ! rose oil & mix intimately ) ! pe/le4 ,!n p\r ! ?ickly-fluid mass ?r\gh a glass funnel into a glass flask & r9se ! mort> ) alcohol until ! prescrib$ #f qu>ts ( ! latt] h be5 br\ght into ! flask4 ,frequ5t %ak+ accel]ates ! complete solution ( ! rose oil4 ,,extraits ,,aux ,,fleurs4 ,we n[ proce$ to give receipts = ,extraits d',odeurs1 & consid] fir/ ! fl[] odors1 ,extraits aux fleurs4 ,by extracts are !reby und]/ood ! odors extract$ f ,fr5* fl[] pomades4 ,any color+ matt] requir$ is m5tion$ "u ! respective receipts4 ,great c>e has to be ex]cis$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ,extraits & ,b\quets1 & special att5tion mu/ be paid t !y actually repres5t ! odor ^: "n !y be>4 ,extrait acacia4--,extract ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,acacia #gej dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #a1 lav5d] oil #a1 eucalyptus oil 1 orris-root t9cture #abe1 musk-root t9cture #ab1 amb]gris t9cture #b1 civet t9cture #a1 musk t9cture #a4 ,extrait cassie4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,cassie #ejj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #abe1 b]gamot oil #e1 orris-root t9cture #ge1 t9ctures ( vitiv]t & angelica ea* #ab1 t9ctures ( musk & amb]gris ea* #b4 ,extrait hliotrope 7,receipt ,no4 #a74--;,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,hliotrope #gej dra*ms1 & f ,pomm4 ,rose #ge1 b]gamot oil #b1 rose-g]anium oil #a1 musk t9cture #b1 civet t9cture #a1 heliotrop9 t9cture #ej4 ,extrait hliotrope 7,receipt ,no4 #b74--;,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,hliotrope #ejj dra*ms1 & f ,pomm4 ,rose & ,pomm4 ,orange #ej ea*1 b]gamot oil #e1 clove oil #b1 vanilla t9cture #ej1 orris-root t9cture #ajj1 musk-root t9cture #be1 t9ctures ( musk & civet #e ea*1 b5zo9 t9cture #aj1 ,p]u-balsam t9cture #e4 ,extrait jac9!4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jac9! #gej dra*ms1 & f ,pomm4 ,acacia #ajj2 b]gamot oil #e1 clove oil #a1 /orax t9cture #b1 musk-root t9cture #ab1 t9ctures ( musk & amb]gris #a ea*4 ,extrait jasm94--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #ejj dra*ms1 & f ,pomm4 ,orange #ajj2 civet t9cture #a1 amb]gris t9cture #a1 s&al-wood oil #c drops4 ,ess5ce ( ! odor ( l9d5 blossoms4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,acacia #bej dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #ej1 & f ,pomm4 ,jonquille #ajj2 pure camomile oil #a1 oil ( lemons #b1 amb]gris t9cture #e1 civet t9cture #c4 ,extrait jonquille4--,extract ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jonquille #gej dra*ms1 lav5d] oil 1 b]gamot oil #b1 ,ceylon c9namon oil 1 /orax t9cture #a1 t9ctures ( abelmosk & angelica ea* #e1 musk t9cture #a1 civet t9cture #a4 ,extrait magnolia4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #aej dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,acacia #bej1 & f ,pomm4 ,rose #abe1 balm oil #b1 t9ctures ( vanilla & cum>9 ea* #ab1 civet t9cture #a1 musk t9cture #b4 ,extrait muguet 7lily ( ! valley74--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jonquille #gej dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #ajj1 f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #bjj1 & f ,pomm4 ,acacia & ,pomm4 ,orange ea* #ajj2 b]gamot oil #g dra*ms1 oil ( lemons #b1 angelica oil #c drops1 /orax t9cture #e dra*ms1 musk t9cture #b1 vanilla t9cture #e1 amb]gris t9cture #b1 ylang-ylang t9cture #ajj1 w9t]gre5 t9cture #be1 bitt]-almond-oil t9cture #b4 ,extrait fleurs de ,mai 7,may fl[]s74--,extract ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,rsda1 ,pomm4 ,rose & ,pomm4 ,hliotrope1 ea* #ge dra*ms2 f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #abe1 & f ,pomm4 ,orange #ej2 b]gamot oil #g1 ,ceylon c9namon oil #b1 orris-root t9cture #ej1 t9ctures ( amb]gris & musk1 ea* #ae1 ylang-ylang t9cture #be4 ,extrait ixora4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #abe dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,cassie & ,pomm4 ,rsda1 ea* #age2 b]gamot oil #e1 orris-root t9cture #abe1 musk t9cture #aj1 b5zo9 t9cture #be4 ,extrait ,orange4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,orange #ejj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,acacia #ajj2 ,portugal oil #g1 t9ctures ( musk & amb]gris1 ea* #a4 ,extrait :ite rose4--,rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #ejj dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #a1 s&al-wood oil #c drops1 nutmeg oil #a drop1 musk t9cture dra*m1 civet t9cture dra*m4 ,extrait rose v4 d4 c5tifolie4--,extract ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,rose #ejj dra*ms1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #ejj1 rose-g]anium oil #aj1 musk t9cture1 #b1 s&al-wood oil1 #g drops4 ,extrait violette4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,violette #ejj dra*ms1 & f ,pomm4 ,cassie #bej2 orris-root t9cture #abe1 musk t9cture #a1 s&al-wood oil #c drops4 ,to give ! extrait violette an app>5tly great] conc5tration1 x is comp\nd$ ) a gre5 color+ t9cture4 ,! latt] may be prep>$ by br++ comm9ut$ dri$ sp9a* leaves into a bottle & p\r+ #if p] c5t4 alcohol ov] !m4 ,! result is a h&some gre5 color+ matt]2 b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to add too mu* ( x to ! extrait1 z o!rwise x might /a9 ! h&k]*ief1 etc4#bj #bj ,?is sp9a* extract un=tunately blea*es v rapidly :5 expos$ to light1 & ! extraits color$ ) x acquire a dirty-br[n color4 ,h5ce x is recomm5d$ to use ! gre5 t9cture1 :i* c be pur*as$ f ! l>g] manufactories ( volatile oils4 ,extrait de violette de ,p>me4--,extract ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,violette #gej dra*ms1 orris-root oil & b]gamot oil ea* #b1 t9ctures ( musk1 amb]gris1 & bitt]-almond oil ea* #a4 ,?is extrait may also be color$ slightly gre54 ,extrait tub]euse4--,extract ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #ejj dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #b1 ,ceylon c9namon oil 1 musk t9cture #a1 /orax t9cture #b4 ,extrait rsda4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,rsda #gej dra*ms1 & f ,pomm4 ,violette #ajj2 b]gamot oil #g1 rose-g]anium oil #b1 clove oil #a1 musk t9cture #b1 amb]gris t9cture #a4 ,a trace ( ! above-m5tion$ gre5 color+ sub/ance may be add$4 ,extrait ylang-ylang4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jasm91 ,pomm4 ,jonquille1 ,pomm4 ,orange1 & ,pomm4 ,acacia1 ea* #bej dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #g1 angelica oil #b1 ylang-ylang t9cture #ejj1 abelmosk t9cture #be1 tonka-bean extract #g1 musk t9cture #d1 amb]gris t9cture #b4 ,,comp\nd ,,odors 7,,b\quets74 ,extrait ,edelweiss4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 & ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #bej dra*ms ea*1 & f ,pomm4 ,orange1 ,pomm4 ,hliotrope1 & ,pomm4 ,jac9! #abe ea*1 b]gamot oil #aj1 basil oil #e1 t9ctures ( musk & amb]gris ea* #e1 bitt]-almond-oil t9cture #b1 t9ctures ( angelica & vitiv]t ea* #be4 ,extrait ess-b\quet4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,acacia & ,pomm4 ,cassie ea* #ajj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #cbe1 f ,pomm4 ,rose #ge1 & f ,pomm4 ,orange #bej2 b]gamot oil #dj1 ,ceylon c9namon oil & clove oil ea* #e1 ,fr5* rose-g]anium oil #aj1 s&al-wood oil #b1 lic>i oil #h1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #ge1 orris-root t9cture #ej1 t9ctures ( amb]gris & civet ea* #aj1 musk t9cture #ae1 musk-root t9cture #cg1 b5zo9 t9cture #ae4 ,extrait spr+ fl[]4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jasm91 ,pomm4 ,cassie1 ,pomm4 ,orange1 ,pomm4 ,jonquille1 ,pomm4 ,tub]euse1 & ,pomm4 ,violette ea* #ajj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,rose #ej1 f ,pomm4 ,rsda #ajj1 & f ,pomm4 ,hliotrope & ,pomm4 ,acacia ea* #ej2 n]oli oil #b1 b]gamot oil #e1 vitiv]t oil 1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #ej1 musk-root t9cture #ab1 musk t9cture #e1 civet t9cture #b1 orris-root t9cture #be4 ,extrait b\quet ,eug5ie4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,cassie #ajj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #ge1 f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #abe2 b]gamot oil #aj1 lic>i oil #b1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #ge1 musk-root t9cture #aj1 cum>9 t9cture #g1 orris-root t9cture #ge1 t9ctures ( angelica & musk ea* #aj1 amb]gris t9cture #e4 ,extrait excelsior4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #bjj dra*ms & f ,pomm4 ,orange & ,pomm4 ,hliotrope ea* #ajj2 oils ( lemon & rose g]anium ea* #d1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #fj1 orris-root t9cture #ej1 musk t9cture #e1 abelmosk t9cture #aj1 opopanax t9cture #e1 /orax t9cture #a4 ,extrait ,frangipani4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,cassie #aej dra*ms1 & f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #ej2 ,fr5* rose g]anium oil #e1 cassia oil #b1 lic>i oil #c1 s&al-wood oil #a1 orris-root t9cture #ajj1 angelica t9cture #h1 musk t9cture #e1 /orax t9cture #e4 ,extrait jockey club4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,orange #aej dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,rose #ce1 f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #aej1 & f ,pomm4 ,jonquille & ,pomm4 ,hliotrope ea* #cj2 b]gamot oil #h1 ,ceylon c9namon oil #b1 ,portugal oil #f1 c$> oil #a1 clove oil #b1 t9cture ( rose oil f ,turki% rose oil & ( orris root ea* #dj1 musk-root t9cture #h1 musk t9cture #aj1 amb]gris t9cture #c1 vanilla t9cture #e4 ,extrait opopanax4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,orange #bej dra*ms1 & f ,pomm4 ,hliotrope #abe2 opopanax oil #aj1 ,ceylon c9namon oil #e1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #abe1 opopanax t9cture #be1 orris-root t9cture #fb1 musk t9cture #d1 amb]gris t9cture #e4 ,extrait pat*\ly4--,extract ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,acacia #ajj dra*ms1 pat*\li oil #d1 clove oil & ,portugal oil1 ea* #b1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #dj1 orris-root t9cture #cj1 musk-root t9cture #aj1 vitiv]t t9cture #aj1 pat*\li t9cture #a4 ,extrait millefleurs4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #bej dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,jonquille #ajj1 ,pomm4 ,rose #ge1 ,pomm4 ,acacia #ajj1 ,pomm4 ,orange & ,pomm4 ,tub]euse ea* #aej1 & ,pomm4 ,cassie #ajj2 b]gamot oil #bj1 rose g]anium oil & ,portugal oil ea* #ae1 oils ( angelica & s&al wood1 ea* #e1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #aej1 orris-root t9cture #bej1 vanilla t9cture #ae1 musk-root t9cture #ce1 tolu-balsam t9cture #aj1 t9ctures ( /orax & pat*\li ea* #e1 musk t9cture #cj1 civet t9cture #be4 ,extrait b\quet ,victoria4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,rose #bjj dra*ms1 ,pomm4 ,orange & ,pomm4 ,tub]euse1 ea* #ajj1 ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #cjj1 & ,pomm4 ,hliotrope #bjj2 lemon oil #bj1 v]b5a oil #e1 ,fr5* rose g]anium oil #aj1 musk t9cture #bj1 t9ctures ( civet & amb]gris ea* #e1 musk-root t9cture #dj1 tolu-balsam t9cture #bj1 orris-root t9cture #aej4 ,extrait kiss-me-quick4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,acacia & ,pomm4 ,jonquille ea* #ajj dra*ms1 & ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #dj2 b]gamot oil #d1 oil ( lemons #b1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #cj1 t9ctures ( vitiv]t & angelica #h1 amb]gris t9cture #d1 civet t9cture #b1 musk t9cture #a4 ,extrait mogadore4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #ajj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,jonquille & ,pomm4 ,acacia1 ea* #ej1 f ,pomm4 ,orange #dj2 b]gamot oil #f1 oil ( lav5d] #a1 ,fr5* rose g]anium oil #b1 t9ctures ( musk1 amb]gris1 tolu balsam1 & cum>91 ea* #aj1 t9cture ( orris root #ej4 ,extrait b\quet ,pr9ce ,alb]t4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #aej dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse1 ,pomm4 ,orange1 & ,pomm4 ,cassie ea* #ej1 ,pomm4 ,rose #be1 n]oli oil #b1 b]gamot oil #d1 musk t9cture #b1 tonka bean extract #d1 angelica t9cture #aj1 amb]gris t9cture #b4 ,extrait musc4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,orange1 ,pomm4 ,hliotrope1 & ,pomm4 ,cassie ea* #ej dra*ms2 clove oil #d1 cassia oil #b1 t9ctures ( abelmosk & musk-root ea* #aj1 opopanax t9cture #d1 musk t9cture #cj1 civet t9cture #e1 orris-root t9cture #ej4 ,extrait new-m[n hay4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,rsda #bjj dra*ms1 ,pomm4 ,rose #dj1 ,pomm4 ,cassie #hj1 ,pomm4 ,acacia #dj2 ,fr5* rose g]anium oil #d1 b]gamot oil #aj1 myrrh oil #e1 tonka-bean extract #cj1 vitiv]t t9cture #aj1 musk-root t9cture #af1 b5zo9 t9cture #d4 ,extrait *ypre4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,orange #fj dra*ms1 ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #dj1 ,pomm4 ,cassie #aaj1 ,pomm4 ,hliotrope #dj2 ,fr5* rose g]anium oil #f1 b]gamot oil #b1 c$> oil 1 b5zo9 t9cture #d1 orris-root t9cture #cj1 musk t9cture #e1 civet t9cture #d1 abelmosk t9cture #aj4 ,extrait m>*al4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,hliotrope & ,pomm4 ,orange ea* #bjj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #ge2 oils ( s&al wood & cloves ea* #e1 ,portugal oil #aj1 c$> oil #a1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #ajj1 orris-root t9cture #ge1 vitiv]t t9cture #be1 civet t9cture #aj1 musk t9cture #bj1 bitt] almond oil t9cture #a4 ,extrait m\ssel9e4--,extracts ,no4 #a f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #bej dra*ms1 ,pomm4 ,rose #aej1 & ,pomm4 ,jonquille1 ,pomm4 ,hliotrope1 & ,pomm4 ,cassie1 ea* #abe2 ,fr5* rose g]anium oil #ab1 oil ( cloves #aj1 cassia oil #e1 w9t]gre5 oil #a1 orris-root t9cture #abe1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #ajj1 musk t9cture #ab1 civet t9cture #aj1 vitiv]t t9cture #cg1 abelmosk t9cture #be4 ,9 compil+ ! abundant *oice ( receipts = ,extraits d',odeurs giv5 above1 ! gold5 mean has be5 *os5 9 reg>d to ! quality ( ^! odors1 !y1 :5 c>efully prep>$1 giv+1 at a mod]ate co/ ( manufacture1 a product :i* 9 mo/ cases w satisfy ! dem&s ( lov]s ( p]fumes4 ,to enable ! p]fum]1 h[ev]1 to satisfy ! highe/ dem&s att5tion is call$ to1 & a brief explanation giv5 (1 ! s-call$ ,extraits triple conc5trs4 ,= ! prep>ation ( ^! /rong] products1 ! employm5t ( a /rong] f\ndation1 i4 e41 ( m highly saturat$ extracts f ,fr5* fl[] pomades1 is requir$4 ,= ?is purpose ! ,fr5* p]fum]s prep>e1 "u ,no4 #cj1 fl[] pomades ( all odors :i* are exclusively us$ = conc5trat$ ,extraits4 ,!y are1 ( c\rse1 correspond+ly high] 9 price ?an ^? prep>$ f ,no4 #ah1 :i* h previ\sly be5 treat$ (4 ,! me?od ( prep>+ ! extracts f ^! pomades1 ,no4 #cj1 is ! same z previ\sly describ$1 ! proportion ( pomade to alcohol be+ also ! same2 h5ce = #b lbs4 ( pomade #a qu>ts ( alcohol are to be us$4 ,! proportions ( volatile oils & t9ctures giv5 9 ! above receipts are also to be reta9$4 ,! /rong] extracts f ! fl[] pomades are ! only measure 9 ! prep>ation ( ! ,extraits triple conc5trs1 & su* mu/ be ! case s9ce ! object ( ! conc5tration ( ! ,extraits is ?us completely atta9$ by ! great] prom95ce ( ! fl[] odors f ! ,extraits d',odeurs4 ,= ! prep>ation ( ,extraits d',odeurs1 ! ,fr5* p]fum]s also manufacture a conc5trat$ fl[] extract ( ! v>i\s odors4 ,?is extract is simply dissolv$ 9 alcohol1 ! solution be+ effect$ imm$iately1 s t ?is me?od ( prep>+ ,extraits d',odeurs is ! simple/ imag9able4 ,h[ev]1 ! price ( su* extract 7#ajjj francs #bjj & m p] kilogramme #b4b lb47 is a consid]able item1 s t mo/ p]fum]s w pref] ! extracts f ! fl[] pomades z previ\sly describ$4 ,,extraits ,d',,odeurs1 ,,quality ,,ii4--,9 addition to ! f9e extracts giv5 9 ! prec$+ section1 a small selection ( q *eap receipts = quality ,,ii ( su* extracts is "h giv51 ! extracts ,no4 #b (f]+ suffici5t mat]ial = _! prep>ation4 ,9 ! introduction to ! previ\s section1 att5tion has be5 call$ to ! fact t q useful t9ctures may be prep>$ f sub/ances leav+ beh9d solid residues1 !re be+ also on h& ! second extract f ! fl[] pomades4 ,besides ! alcohol1 su* t9ctures & extracts co/ only ! small tr\ble ( treatm5t4 ,= ?is second quality only half ! quantity ( volatile oils prescrib$ = ! be/ quality is us$4 ,su* t9ctures1 f :i* a second extract _c be _h1 may1 = ?is purpose1 be dilut$ "o-half ) alcohol1 :i* ne$ n be ( ! be/ quality1 ?us prep>+ a second quality ( !m4 ,! process to be foll[$ is illu/rat$ by a selection f ! fir/ ,extrait receipts :i* h be5 conv]t$ into ,extraits ( quality ,,ii4 ,extrait violette ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,violette #ejj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,cassie #bej2 b]gamot oil #b1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #a1 amb]gris t9cture ,no4 #b1 1 dilut$ ) alcohol 1 bitt] almond oil t9cture ,no4 #b1 #a1 orris-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #abe4 ,add a small quantity ( gre5 color+ sub/ance4 ,extrait rose ,,ii4--,extract ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,rose #ejj dra*ms1 ,african rose g]anium oil #d1 s&al-wood oil #c drops1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #b dra*ms1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #bej dra*ms dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( alcohol1 :i* may be call$ rose t9cture ,no4 #b4 ,extrait rsda ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,rsda #gej dra*ms & f ,pomm4 ,violette #ajj1 b]gamot oil #c1 ,african rose-g]anium oil #a1 clove oil #a1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #b1 amb]gris t9cture dilut$ ) alcohol 4 ,extrait ylang-ylang ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,jasm91 ,pomm4 ,jonquille1 ,pomm4 ,orange1 & ,pomm4 ,acacia ea* #bej dra*ms2 b]gamot oil #c1 angelica oil #a1 ylang-ylang t9cture #bej dilut$ ) ! equal quantity ( alcohol1 abelmosk ,no4 #b1 #be1 tonka-bean extract ,no4 #b1 #g1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #d1 amb]gris t9cture #a dilut$ ) ! same quantity ( alcohol4 ,extrait new-m[n hay ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,rsda #ejj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,rose #ajj1 f ,pomm4 ,cassie #bjj & ,pomm4 ,acacia #ajj2 palma rosa oil #e1 b]gamot oil #ab1 myrrh oil #f1 tonka-bean extract ,no4 #b1 #ge1 vitiv]t t9cture ,no4 #b1 #be1 musk-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #dj1 b5zo9 t9cture #e dilut$ ) ! same quantity ( alcohol4 ,extrait *ypre ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b1 f ,pomm4 ,orange #aej dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #ajj1 ,pomm4 ,cassie #bge1 & ,pomm4 ,hliotrope #ajj2 palma rosa oil #g1 b]gamot oil #b1 c$> oil 1 orris-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #ge1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #ab1 abelmosk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #be1 civet t9cture #e dilut$ ) alcohol #e1 b5zo9 t9cture #e dilut$ ) alcohol #e4 ,extrait ess4 b\quet ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,acacia & ,pomm4 ,cassie ea* #ajj1 f ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #cge1 ,pomm4 ,rose #ge1 ,pomm4 ,orange #bej2 b]gamot oil #bj1 ,ceylon c9namon oil & clove oil ea* #b1 ,african rose g]anium oil #e1 s&al-wood oil #a1 lic>i oil #b1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #cg dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( alcohol1 orris-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #ej1 amb]gris t9cture #e dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( alcohol1 civet t9cture #e dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( alcohol1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #ae1 musk-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #cg1 b5zo9 t9cture #g dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( alcohol4 ,extrait muguet ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,jonquille #gej dra*ms1 ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #ajj1 ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #bjj & ,pomm4 ,acacia & ,pomm4 ,orange ea* #ajj2 b]gamot oil #c1 oil ( lemons #a1 angelica oil #b drops1 /orax t9cture #b dra*ms dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( alcohol1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #b1 vanilla t9cture #e1 amb]gris t9cture #a1 dilut$ ) an equal quantity ( alcohol1 ylang-ylang t9cture #ej dilut$ ) alcohol #ej1 w9t]gre5 t9cture #ab dilut$ ) alcohol #ab1 bitt]-almond oil #a dilut$ ) alcohol #a4 ,extrait b\quet ,victoria ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,rose #ajj dra*ms1 ,pomm4 ,orange & ,pomm4 ,tub]euse ea* #ej2 ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #aej1 ,pomm4 ,hliotrope #ajj2 lemon oil #e1 v]b5a oil #a1 ,african rose g]anium oil #b1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #aj1 musk-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #bj1 orris-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #ge1 civet t9cture #a dilut$ ) alcohol #a1 amb]gris t9cture #a dilut$ ) alcohol #a1 tolu-balsam t9cture #e dilut$ ) alcohol #e4 ,extrait spr+ fl[] ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,jasm91 ,pomm4 ,cassie1 ,pomm4 ,orange1 ,pomm4 ,jonquille1 ,pomm4 ,tub]euse & ,pomm4 ,violette1 ea* #ajj dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,rose #ej1 ,pomm4 ,rsda #ajj1 & ,pomm4 ,hliotrope & ,acacia1 ea* #ej2 n]oli oil #a1 b]gamot oil #b1 vitiv]t oil #ac drops1 rose-oil t9cture f ,turki% rose oil #be dra*ms1 dilut$ ) alcohol #be1 musk-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #ab1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #ab1 orris-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #be1 civet t9cture #a dilut$ ) alcohol #a4 ,extrait ixora ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #abe dra*ms1 f ,pomm4 ,cassie & ,pomm4 ,rsda ea* #age2 b]gamot oil #b1 orris-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #abe1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #aj1 b5zo9 t9cture #ab dilut$ ) alcohol #ab4 ,extrait ,frangipani ,,ii4--,extracts ,no4 #b f ,pomm4 ,cassie #cge dra*ms1 & ,pomm4 ,jasm9 #abe2 ,african rose g]anium oil #ab1 cassia oil #b1 lic>i oil #c1 s&al-wood oil #a1 orris-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 #bej1 angelica t9cture ,no4 #b1 #bj1 musk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #ab1 /orax t9cture #f dilut$ ) alcohol #f4 ,cologne wat]1 eau de ,cologne4--,ow+ to its excell5t prop]ties1 ,cologne wat] is1 )\t d\bt1 "o ( ! mo/ popul> p]fumes4 ,x 0 inv5t$ e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & is p]haps ! only p]fume :i* has kept its reputation = s long a "t4 ,x 0 =m]ly employ$ z a m$ic9e 9 all imag9able diseases1 & ev5 n[ is 9 "s cases successfully us$ 9 slight ailm5ts1 su* z heada*e1 nausea1 etc4 ,! success & reputation ( ,cologne wat] are ! natural results ( a good product prep>$ ) a ?or\gh k ( ! subject4 ,h[ev]1 9 ord] to be enabl$ to imp>t to ,cologne wat] its g5]ally kn[n excell5t qualities1 x is necess>y to h a ?or\gh k ( ! mat]ials us$1 z well z to und]/& ! me?od ( fabrication1 & ! prop] treatm5t ( all4 ,= ! prep>ation ( actually good ,cologne wat] employm5t ( ! be/ mat]ials is ! fir/ condition4 ,! alcohol mu/ be pure1 i4 e41 free f fusel oil1 & #ie to #if p] c5t4 /rong1 s z to effect a ready & complete solution ( ! volatile oils4 ,! latt] also %\ld be ( ! be/ quality & prop] age1 i4 e41 nei!r too "y nor too old4 ,if too "y or too rec5tly di/ill$1 ! aroma is n ?or\ghly develop$1 & if1 on ! o!r h&1 too old1 !y h lo/ ! great] portion ( _! aroma1 are ?ickly fluid1 acquire a d>k coloration1 & are f9ally conv]t$ into a res9\s sub/ance 9 :i* condition !y are entirely unfit = f9] products4 ,a cool & dry cell> is requir$ = /or+ volatile oils1 & !y mu/ also be protect$ f air & sunlight4 ,reg>d+ ! durability ( ! volatile oils us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ,cologne wat]1 ! foll[+ may be said3-- ,b]gamot oil is q durable2 9 well-clos$ bottles /or$ 9 a cool cell> x keeps q well = #c to #d ye>s4 ,oil ( lemons is1 h[ev]1 v s5sitive1 & has to be especially protect$ aga9/ heat1 by :i* x is readily decompos$ &1 s to say1 turns s\r4 ,fre%ly-di/ill$ n]oli oil %\ld nev] be us$1 x acquir+ its prop] aroma only aft] be+ /or$ = ab\t #b ye>s2 on ! o!r h&1 x %\ld n be too old4 ,:5 #f to #h ye>s old1 x %[s a t5d5cy to rancidity1 :i* c1 h[ev]1 be prev5t$ by mix+ x at ! prop] "t ) an equal quantity ( alcohol ( ! be/ quality4 ,petit-gra9 oil is apt to spoil :5 kept = sev]al ye>s1 & h5ce x is n advisable to h too l>ge a supply ( x on h&4 ,besides ! ,fr5* v>iety ( ?is volatile oil1 !re has exi/$ = sev]al ye>s pa/ ano!r k9d1 namely ! ,p>aguay petit-gra9 oil1 :i* is ab\t "o-half *eap] ?an ! ,fr5*4 ,:ile "s consid] bo? oils z equally good1 ! ,fr5* product no d\bt des]ves ! pref]5ce4 ,( lav5d] oil only ! be/ ,fr5* oil1 especially made 9 ,france = ! prep>ation ( ,eau de ,cologne1 %\ld be us$4 ,! price ( ! ,engli% ,mit*am lav5d] oil1 be+ six times t ( ! ,fr5* oil1 is simply excessive4 ,( rosem>y oil1 an especially f9e quality = ,cologne wat]1 :i* c be highly recomm5d$1 is also manufactur$ 9 ,france4 ,( balm oil only ! be/ ,g]man product %\ld be tak54 ,! ?ree v>ieties ( volatile oils la/ m5tion$ keep = ye>s1 especially :5 kept 9 h]metically-clos$ bottles 9 a cool place protect$ f ! sun4 ,rose wat] & orange-blossom wat] also ne$ c>eful treatm5t1 ! bottles conta9+ !m requir+ to be well /opp]$ & kept 9 a cool place4 ,^! wat]s be+ liable to spoil1 ! supply ( !m %\ld be r5ew$ f ye> to ye>4 ,z reg>ds ! comp\nd+ ( ! volatile oils1 x is advisable to mix !m 9 a capaci\s glass flask1 add at lea/ an equal weight ( alcohol ( ! be/ quality1 %ake ?or\ghly1 let ! mixture /& ab\t #ad days1 & !n 9 ! app>atus incorporate x ) ! requir$ quantity ( alcohol4 ,:5 ! alcohol & volatile oils are intimately mix$1 ! mixture is all[$ to /& quietly = ab\t #ad days1 :5 solution ( ! volatile oils w be complete4 ,n[ add1 ) vigor\s agitation1 ! rose wat] & ! orange-blossom wat]1 & let ! :ole /& quietly to become cle>4 ,cologne wat] ?us c>efully prep>$ answ]s all dem&s4 ,special att5tion is "h call$ to ! fact t all manipulation by ! addition ( fix+ or conspicu\s sub/ances is injudici\s4 ,an addition ( t9cture ( musk or civet %\ld p>ticul>ly be avoid$4 ,n]v\s p imm$iately detect su* additions1 ev5 if pres5t only 9 v small quantities1 & 9 mo/ cases refuse ! ,cologne wat] conta9+ !m4 ,exp]i5ce hav+ %[n t all alcoholic p]fumes develop _! prop] aroma only aft] /or+ = "s "t1 provision mu/ be made to h always a suffici5t supply ( ,cologne wat] on h&4 ,x is be/ to keep x 9 l>ge glass balloons 9 a cool cell>4 ,wood5 vessels are impracticable on acc\nt ( _! p]meability & o!r evils4 ,metallic vessels1 if us$1 %\ld be t9n$4 ,vessels defective 9 ?is respect1 or t9n$ ) t9 conta9+ lead1 ex]t an injuri\s effect ^u ! aroma ( ! wat]4 ,9 ! latt] case1 lead is dissolv$1 ev5 if only 9 small quantities1 & a dirty precipitate injuri\s to ! odor ( ! ,cologne wat] is =m$4 ,! filt]+ ( ! ,cologne wat] is be/ effect$ ?r\gh :ite filt]+ pap] & a glass funnel2 ! pap]1 h[ev]1 %\ld n h be5 blea*$ ) *lor9e1 ! odor ( ! latt] be+ readily p]ceiv$ & hav+ an injuri\s effect ^u ! aroma ( ! wat]4 ,filt]+ %\ld be avoid$ z mu* z possible by c>efully decant+ (f ! cle> wat] & filt]+ ! s$im5t only4 ,filt]+ ?r\gh *>coal1 magnesia1 or o!r cl>ify+ ag5ts1 %\ld n be made use ( = f9e p]fumes1 _! odor be+ injur$ by all su* means4 ,9 ! foll[+ a selection ( receipts = ,cologne wat] is giv52 x is1 h[ev]1 especially m5tion$ t only good1 pure mat]ials mu/ be us$ ev5 = ! inf]ior qualities4 ,a receipt = ! n[ fa%ionable ,maiglck*5 ,eau de ,cologne is also giv54 ,cologne wat]1 quality ,i4--,br+ into a l>ge glass balloon #ie to #if p] c5t4 alcohol ( ! be/ quality #g4i gallons1 lemon oil #ad4aa ozs41 b]gamot oil #ae1 n]oli oil #d4bc1 ,fr5* extra lav5d] oil #a4je oz41 rosem>y oil #j4g1 be/ ,g]man balm oil #j4db2 mix ?or\ghly1 & aft] #ad days add be/ orange-blossom wat] & rose wat] ea* #b4fd qu>ts4 ,mix aga9 ?or\ghly1 & !n let /& until want$ = use4 ,cologne wat]1 quality ,,ii4--,br+ into a l>ge glass balloon #ie to #if p] c5t4 alcohol ( ! be/ quality #g4i gallons1 lemon oil #aj4eh ozs41 b]gamot oil #ab4cd1 n]oli oil #a4gf1 ,fr5* extra lav5d] oil #j4h1 rosem>y oil #j4fc1 f9e/ ,g]man balm oil #j4ce1 ,fr5* petit-gra9 oil #j4h2 mix ?or\ghly1 & aft] #ad days add be/ orange-blossom wat] & rose wat] ea* #b4fd qu>ts4 ,mix aga9 ?or\ghly1 & !n let /& until want$ = use4 ,cologne wat]1 quality ,,iii4--,br+ into a l>ge glass balloon #ie to #if p] c5t4 alcohol ( ! be/ quality #g4i gallons1 lemon oil #g4je ozs41 b]gamot oil #g4id1 ,portugal oil #c4eb1 ,fr5* petit-gra9 oil #a4eh1 f9e/ rosem>y oil #j4eb1 lav5d] oil #j4g1 orange-blossom wat] & rose wat] ea* #a4eh qu>ts1 di/ill$ wat] #b4aa qu>ts4 ,proce$ 9 ! same mann] z giv5 = qualities ,i & ,,ii4 ,cologne wat]1 quality ,,iv4--,br+ into a l>ge glass balloon alcohol free f fusel oil #g4i gallons1 lav5d] oil #b4fd ozs41 ,portugal oil #b4fd1 petit-gra9 oil #j4g1 rosem>y oil #j4eb1 b]gamot oil #c4eb1 lemon oil #c4eb1 di/ill$ wat] #g4i qu>ts4 ,if ?is quality1 aft] /&+ = "s weeks1 %\ld n become cle>1 use "s magnesia 9 filt]+1 or use less wat]4 ,cologne wat]1 quality ,v4--,br+ into a glass balloon alcohol free f fusel oil #g4i gallons1 ,portugal oil #j4hh oz41 rosem>y oil #j4hh1 lav5d] oil1 b]gamot oil1 & lemon oil ea* #a4gf4 ,aft] /&+ = #ad days1 add #g4i qu>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,proce$ 9 ! same mann] z giv5 = quality ,,iv4 ,maiglck*5 ,eau de ,cologne4--#ie to #if p] c5t4 alcohol ( ! f9e/ quality #aj4ef qu>ts1 b]gamot oil & lemon oil ea* #c4eb ozs41 n]oli oil #j4g1 ,fr5* extra lav5d] oil #j4ba1 rosem>y oil #j4ad1 be/ ,g]man balm oil #j4g1 ylang-ylang oil #j4ag1 maiglck*5 7lily ( ! valley7 extract #b4aa p9ts4 ,dissolve ! #j4ag oz4 ( ylang-ylang oil by itself 9 #j4h p9t ( alcohol ( ! be/ quality1 & :5 ! solution is entirely cle> add x to ! re/ 9 ! balloon4 ,aft] /&+ = #ad days add c>efully orange-blossom wat] & rose wat] ea* #a4je p9ts2 %ake ?or\ghly & let ! mixture /& quietly until p]fectly cle>4 ,v>i\s o!r receipts = ,cologne wat]4--,i4 ,b]gamot oil #b dra*ms1 oil ( lemon #b dra*ms1 oil ( origanum #f drops1 oil ( rosem>y #bj drops1 alcohol #a p9t1 orange-fl[] wat] #a oz4 ,,ii4 ,b]gamot oil #ad p>ts1 citron oil #cd1 oil ( n]oli 7petale7 #bj1 oil ( n]oli 7big>ade7 #g1 rosem>y oil #ad1 grape _s #fjjj4 ,,iii4 ,cologne spirits #c qu>ts1 oils ( rosem>y1 b]gamot1 c$rat1 & lemon ea* #b dra*ms1 oil ( n]oli #a dra*m1 wat] 7w>m7 #b p9ts2 mix1 filt] until cle>4 ,,iv4 ,cologne spirits #c qu>ts1 oil ( lemon #e dra*ms1 oil ( b]gamot #d dra*ms1 ,portugal oil #c dra*ms1 n]oli oil dra*m1 petit-gra9 oil & rosem>y oil ea* dra*m1 lav5d] oil #be drops1 oil ( cloves #f drops1 extract ,pomm4 jasm9e #d ozs41 wat] 7w>m7 #cb ozs42 mix4 ,v4 ,cologne spirits #a gallon1 rosem>y oil oz41 lemon oil #a oz41 lav5d] oil #a ozs41 c9namon oil #bj drops1 w>m wat] #a qu>t2 mix4 ,eau de ,lav&e4--,= eau de lav&e1 b two receipts are giv53 ,eau de vie de ,lav&e d\ble ambre & eau de ,lav&e d\ble1 ! =m] be+ a v agreeable p]fume = toilet purposes1 & is us$ z an addition to wa%-wat] z well z to ba?s & = fumigat+4 ,on acc\nt ( its balsamic con/itu5ts1 eau de ,lav&e ambre 9 be+ manufactur$ _c be mix$ ) wat]1 z ! latt] w\ld produce an emulsion :i* _c be remov$4 ,eau de ,lav&e d\ble is us$ = ! toilet1 9 ! wa%-wat]1 or ! ba?4 ,x is v popul>1 its action ^u ! sk9 & n]ves be+ refre%+ & /imulat+4 ,eau de vie de ,lav&e d\ble ambre4--,alcohol ( ! be/ quality #e4ah qu>ts1 be/ quality ( lav5d] oil #c4eb ozs41 ,fr5* rose g]anium oil #j4g1 oils ( cassia1 b]gamot1 lemon1 & ,fr5* petit gra9 ea* #j4hh1 ,p]u balsam #e4bi1 orris-root t9cture #b4aa qu>ts1 amb]gris t9cture #e4bi ozs41 musk t9cture #j4bh1 /orax t9cture #h4ha1 tolu-balsam t9cture #e4bi1 b5zo9 t9cture #aj4eh4 ,no wat] %\ld be add$4 ,eau de ,lav&e d\ble4--,be/ quality ( alcohol #aj4ef qu>ts1 be/ lav5d] oil #h4ha ozs41 ,portugal oil & b]gamot oil ea* #a4gf4 ,aft] #ad days add #b4aa p9ts ( orange-blossom wat]4 ,aqua mellis4--,cori&] se$ #g lbs41 cloves #ab ozs41 /orax #h ozs41 nutmegs 7bruis$7 #h ozs41 lemon-peel #aj ozs41 calamus #f ozs41 pro( _s #ae p9ts1 wat] #h p9ts4 ,mac]ate = a mon? 9 a clos$ vessel1 !n di/il #bb p9ts1 & to ! di/illate add3 ,orange-fl[] wat] #e p9ts1 rose oil #bd drops1 amb]gris #a gra91 vanilla #b ozs4 ,mac]ate = #h days & filt]4 ,eau de ,lisbonne4--,lemon oil #b ozs41 ,portugal oil #d ozs41 rose oil #d dra*ms1 alcohol #e qu>ts4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,dry ,,p]fumes4 ,9 anci5t times dry p]fumes 7 almo/ exclusively us$1 b1 indep5d5t ( fumigat+ ag5ts1 :i* w be consid]$ lat] on1 ! consumption ( dry or solid p]fumes is at pres5t a limit$ "o4 ,sa*et p[d]s 7p\dres p\r sa*ets7 are1 h[ev]1 /ill manufactur$ 9 l>ge quantities4 ,! prep>ation ( solid p]fumes ) ! assi/ance ( p>aff9e has be5 rec5tly comm5c$1 b up to ! pres5t "t su* p]fumes h n become ( any importance4 ,smell+ salts may also be class$ among ! dry p]fumes4 ,,sa*et ,,p[d]s4--,sa*et p[d]s 7p\dres p\r sa*ets7 are g5]ally put into silk or sat9 bags or into ornam5tal pap] envelopes & are useful = p]fum+ clo!s1 draw]s1 trunks1 desks1 lett] pap]1 etc4 ,! incorporation ( ! p[d]s ) bags or envelopes is effect$ by divid+ !m betwe5 ?9 lay]s ( cotton1 br++ ! cotton toge!r ) ! p[d] 9 f9e tissue pap] into ! %ape ( ! respective bag1 cu%ion1 etc41 & !n inclos+ !m 9 ! bag or envelope4 ,a selection ( receipts = su* p[d]s is "h giv54 ,_! manufacture is n difficult2 h[ev]1 ! weigh+ (f ( ! con/itu5ts %\ld be consci5ti\sly done1 & 9 mix+ ! p[d]s ) ! volatile oils1 etc41 c>e %\ld be _h n to cause any unnecess>y du/ & consequ5t loss ( p[d]4 ,aft] mix+1 ! p[d] is pass$ ?r\gh a sieve4 ,sa*et la rose4--,gr\nd rose leaves1 gr\nd rose wood & pulv]iz$ />* ea* #ej dra*ms1 ,turki% rose oil #a1 rose-g]anium oil #b1 oil ( cloves #a1 b]gamot oil #b1 musk t9cture #a4 ,sa*et la violette4--,gr\nd orris root #abe dra*ms1 gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s & pulv]iz$ />* ea* #ej1 liquid orris-root oil#ba #b1 s&al-wood oil 1 musk t9cture #b1 extrait violette #be4 #ba ,! s-call$ liquid orris-root oil is n pure orris-root oil1 b g5]ally a di/illate ( orris-root ) b]gamot oil2 !re are1 h[ev]1 also products 9 :i* ! orris root is di/ill$ ) copaiba balsam oil & c$> oil4 ,hliotrope sa*et p[d]4--,gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s #ej dra*ms1 gr\nd orris root & gr\nd rose leaves ea* #be1 gr\nd b5zo9 #aj1 pulv]iz$ />* #ej1 b]gamot oil #aj1 rose g]anium oil #b1 oil ( cloves & musk t9cture ea* #a1 vanilla t9cture #ab1 extrait hliotrope #be1 oil ( bitt] almonds #b drops4 ,ylang-ylang sa*et p[d]4--,gr\nd />* #ajj dra*ms1 orris-root p[d] #be1 gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s #ab1 gr\nd vitiv]t root & gr\nd rose wood ea* #be1 b]gamot oil #b1 ylang-ylang oil #a1 t9ctures ( musk & ( cum>9 ea* #a1 extrait ylang-ylang #bj4 ,jockey club sa*et4--,gr\nd orris root1 gr\nd rose leaves & gr\nd rose wood ea* #ej dra*ms1 gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s #be1 ,african rose g]anium oil #e1 oils ( ,ceylon c9namon & b]gamot ea* #b1 oils ( cloves & c$> ea* #a1 musk t9cture #b1 civet t9cture #a1 extrait jockey club #bb4 ,sa*et aux millefleurs4--,gr\nd />* #ej dra*ms1 gr\nd orris root1 gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s1 gr\nd rose wood1 & exhau/$ vanilla pulv]iz$1 ea* #ej dra*ms1 pulv]iz$ cloves #bj1 b]gamot oil & ,african g]anium oil ea* #b1 v]b5a oil #a1 t9cture ( b5zo9 & musk root ea* #e1 musk t9cture #e4 ,lily ( ! valley sa*et p[d]4--,pulv]iz$ />* #ej dra*ms1 gr\nd orris root #be1 gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s & gr\nd rose wood ea* #ab1 gr\nd vitiv]t root & gr\nd b5zo9 ea* #be1 b]gamot oil #e1 w9t]gre5 oil #b1 ylang-ylang oil & angelica oil ea* 1 bitt] almond oil #b drops1 /orax t9cture #e dra*ms1 musk t9cture #a1 extrait muguet #be4 ,pat*\li sa*et p[d]4--,gr\nd pat*\li leaves #ajj1 gr\nd rose leaves & gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s1 ea* #be1 pat*\li oil #b1 oil ( cloves #a1 b]gamot oil & ,african g]anium oil ea* #b4 ,frangipani sa*et p[d]4--,pulv]iz$ />* #be dra*ms1 gr\nd orris root #ge1 gr\nd rose leaves #ej1 gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s #be1 ,portugal oil #e1 petit-gra9 oil & ,african g]anium oil1 #b1 ,ceylon c9namon oil #a1 musk t9cture #b1 civet t9cture #a1 t9ctures ( cum>9 & vitiv]t ea* #aj4 ,victoria sa*et p[d]4--,gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s #ej dra*ms1 gr\nd rose wood & gr\nd rose leaves ea* #be1 gr\nd orange peel #ab1 gr\nd b5zo9 #be1 gr\nd vitiv]t root #ab1 ,turki% rose oil #a1 b]gamot oil #b1 oils ( cloves & v]b5a ea* #a1 musk t9cture #a1 civet t9cture #a4 ,rsda sa*et p[d]4--,gr\nd orris root #ajj dra*ms1 gr\nd rose leaves #ej1 gr\nd rose wood #be1 clove oil1 ,african g]anium oil1 & b]gamot oil ea* #b1 musk-root t9cture #aj1 vanilla t9cture #e1 musk t9cture #a1 extrait rsda #be4 ,musk sa*et p[d]4--,gr\nd musk root1 gr\nd exhau/$ musk sacs1 & gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s1 ea* #ej dra*ms1 gr\nd b5zo9 #be1 cassia oil1 palma-rose oil1 & clove oil ea* #b1 musk t9cture #bb4 ,ess-b\quet sa*et p[d]4--,gr\nd rose wood & gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s ea* #ej dra*ms1 gr\nd vitiv]t root #be1 gr\nd opopanax #ab1 gr\nd orris root #be1 b]gamot oil & lemon oil ea* #b1 clove oil #a1 ,ceylon c9namon oil #a1 ,african g]anium oil #b1 s&al-wood oil & lic>i oil ea* #a1 musk t9cture #b1 civet t9cture #a1 extrait ess-b\quet #be4 ,new-m[n hay sa*et p[d]4--,pulv]iz$ />* #be dra*ms1 gr\nd rose leaves & gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s1 ea* #ej1 gr\nd orris root & gr\nd b5zo91 ea* #be1 b]gamot oil #e1 angelica oil & ,java cananga oil ea* #a1 tonka-bean extract #g1 musk t9cture #a1 vitiv]t t9cture #g4 ,orange sa*et p[d]4--,gr\nd orange peels #ajj dra*ms1 gr\nd lemon peels #ej1 gr\nd lav5d] fl[]s #be1 ,portugal oil #aj1 n]oli oil & petit gra9 oil ea* #a1 b]gamot oil #b1 musk-t9cture #a1 musk-root t9cture #aj4 ,,solid ,,p]fumes ,,) ,,p>aff9e4 ,! solid p]fumes simply consi/ ( h>d p>aff9e1 :i*1 :5 melt$1 is p]fum$ ) a correspond+ quantity ( any desir$ p]fume-ess5ce & p\r$ into m\lds4 ,a few mixtures = su* p]fumes are "h giv53-- ,:ite rose4--,rose g]anium oil & b]gamot oil ea* #aj dra*ms1 pat*\li oil & oil ( cloves #a4 ,ess-b\quet4--,cori&] oil #a dra*m1 oil ( cloves #g1 nutmeg oil #c4e1 lav5d] oil #aj1 s&al-wood oil #c4e1 b]gamot oil #cj1 rose oil & rose-g]anium oil ea* #b1 n]oli oil #j4f4 ,lav5d] odor4--,lav5d] oil #ej dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #be1 c9namon oil #j4c1 g]anium oil #b4e1 n]oli oil #j4e4 ,eau de ,cologne4--,b]gamot oil & lime oil ea* #cj dra*ms1 lemon oil & n]oli oil ea* #ae1 rosem>y oil #e1 rose g]anium oil #j4f4 ,,smell+ ,,salts4 ,smell+ salts are ammoniacal p]fumes 9 a solid =m1 ,pre/on salt 7sel de ,pre/on7 be+ "o ( ! mo/ popul>4 ,x is g5]ally prep>$ by intimately rubb+ toge!r 9 a porcela9 mort> equal p>ts ( sal ammoniac or ammonium c>bonate & lime fre%ly slak$ to a p[d]1 & p]fum+ ! mixture1 accord+ to ! quality ( volatile salts desir$1 ) a f9] or inf]ior p]fume4 ,william ,w4 ,b>tlett prep>es ,pre/on salt )\t lime accord+ to ! foll[+ receipt3 ,p[d]$ *loride ( ammonium #a ozs41 p[d]$ c>bonate ( potassium #a oz4 #f dra*ms1 co>sely p[d]$ c>bonate ( ammonium #c dra*ms1 oils ( clove & b]gamot ea* #aj drops4 ,mr4 ,b>tlett also gives a =mula = a m5?ol pung5t :i* is q agreeable to ! smell & a novelty = heada*e & fa9tness4 ,x is prep>$ by leav+ out ! ess5tial oils 9 ! above =mula & sub/itut+ 9 _! place #a dra*m ( m5?ol4 ,:ite smell+ salt consi/s ess5tially ( p]fum$ c>bonate ( ammonia4 ,!re are sev]al receipts = x1 "o frequ5tly us$ be+ z foll[s3 ,mix 9 a capaci\s porcela9 mort> #b4b lbs4 ( ammonium c>bonate ) #a4a lb4 ( ammonia1 cov] ! mort> & let x /& quietly4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a few days ! cont5ts h be5 conv]t$ into normal c>bonate ( ammonia4 ,! latt] is r$uc$ to a co>se p[d] & p]fum$ ) b]gamot oil #j4ef dra*m1 lav5d] oil #j4i1 nutmeg oil1 clove oil1 & rose oil ea* #j4bh1 c9namon oil #b4hb4 ,! incorporation ( ! volatile oils is effect$ by fir/ triturat+ ab\t #a_/aj ( ! salt ) ! volatile oils & !n gradually incorporat+ ) ?is p]fum$ mass ! re/ ( ! salt1 a uni=m di/ribution ( ! odor be+ 9 ?is mann] effect$4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,fumigat+ ,,ess5ces1 ,,pa/illes1 ,,p[d]s1 ,,etc4 ,fumigat+ ag5ts are divid$ into liquid & dry1 ! fir/ be+ alcoholic solutions1 & p]haps mo/ popul>4 ,!y consi/ ( extractions f res9s1 balsams1 leaves1 fl[]s1 se$s1 wood1 & roots1 comp\nd$ ) volatile oils1 alcohol1 & alcoholic extracts f ,fr5* fl[] pomades4 ,x %\ld be ! aim ( ! p]fum] to comp\nd ^! sub/ances s t a h>moni\s bl5d+ toge!r ( all ! +r$i5ts is atta9$4 ,! object ( fumigat+ liv+ rooms1 sleep+ rooms1 & sick *amb]s is n only to make abode 9 ^! rooms m agreeable by an attempt to cov] ! disagreeable odors1 b *iefly to r5d] !m innoxi\s1 ?us comb9+ ! useful ) ! agreeable4 ,= sev]al ye>s pa/ a /rong prejudice aga9/ fumigat+ has be5 develop$4 ,su* prejudice may be ju/ifi$ 9 c]ta9 cases1 especially :5 ! fumigat+ ag5ts conta9 musk or are o!rwise incorrectly compos$4 ,an addition ( musk1 ev5 9 v small quantities1 causes n]v\s p]sons to dislike fumigat+ ag5ts conta9+ x1 because x is a well-kn[n fact t musk excites ! n]ves 9 a high degree1 & h5ce 9 mo/ cases fumigat+ ) ag5ts conta9+ x does m h>m ?an good4 ,! mode ( fumigat+ has also to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,x is1 = in/ance1 entirely incorrect to place ! fumigat+ ag5t ^u v hot iron1 a hot /ovepipe1 or gl[+ coals1 because 9 evaporat+ ^u hot iron1 x leaves beh9d an empyreumatic1 pung5t odor excitatory to c\gh1 :ile ! actual aroma is lo/ & ?us ! object ( fumigat+ is fru/rat$4 ,to d]ive ! be/ effects f ! fumigat+ ag5t x %\ld be plac$ ^u a mod]ately w>m article s t x w sl[ly evaporate4 ,liquid fumigat+ ag5ts may also be mix$ 9 a porcela9 vessel ) di/ill$ wat]4 ,by plac+ ! vessel ^u a w>m /ove1 evaporation proce$s at a /ill sl[] rate1 because ! fumigat+ ag5t c only evaporate toge!r ) ! wat]1 :]eby its aroma becomes /ill m agreeable4 ,! use ( rose wat] or orange wat] in/ead ( di/ill$ wat] consid]ably enhances ! success ( fumigat+4 ,! s-call$ atomiz]s may "h be m5tion$4 ,!y are v practicable = cold fumigat+1 i4 e41 = ! di/ribution ( p9e odor1 ,cologne wat]1 etc4 ,on acc\nt ( _! cont5t ( musk ! atomization ( ,extraits d',odeurs 9 ! pres5ce ( n]v\s p _c be recomm5d$4 ,! dry fumigat+ ag5ts1 su* z p[d]s1 pa/illes1 pap]1 & lacqu]1 are less popul> ?an ! fluid1 x be+ necess>y = ! purpose ( fumigat+ to place !m ^u hot articles1 heat !m1 or burn !m4 ,^! manipulations develop m or less smoke1 :i* frequ5tly ex]ts a disagreeable effect ^u ! respiratory organs4 ,! mo/ injuri\s ( ^! me?ods ( hot fumigation is t by means ( hot coals1 :]eby ! aroma ( ! fumigat+ ag5t is l>gely de/roy$1 & ! v injuri\s gas emanat+ f ! coals is inhal$4 ,a heat$ piece ( %eet-iron is1 h[ev]1 v suitable = fumigation by means ( p[d] or lacqu]4 ,scatt] ! p[d] ^u x or coat x ) ! lacqu]4 ,sev]al approv$ receipts = liquid & dry fumigat+ ag5ts are "h giv54 ,,fumigat+ ,,ess5ces ,,& ,,v9eg>s4 ,great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 mak+ ! foll[+ receipts = liquid fumigat+ ag5ts4 ,aft] mix+1 %ake ?or\ghly1 & let ! product /& quietly = at lea/ sev]al weeks1 ! aroma ( all alcoholic p]fumes be+ improv$ by /or+ = "s "t4 ,x ne$ sc>cely be said t alcohol ( ! f9e/ quality is to be us$1 s9ce1 if x conta9s fusel oil1 ! atta9m5t ( a f9e product is absolutely impossible4 ,to decrease ! co/ ( manufacture1 x might be p]missible to increase ! proportion ( alcohol1 b an inf]ior quality ( x %\ld1 "u no conditions1 be employ$4 ,rose-fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce4--,alcohol1 extract ,no4 #a1 f ,fr5*-rose pomade & b5zo9 t9cture ea* #a qu>t1 musk-root t9cture ,no4 #a1 #h ozs41 ,turki% rose oil & clove oil ea* #b dra*ms1 ,fr5* rose-g]anium oil #e dra*ms4 ,dissolve ! rose oil 9 ! o!r volatile oils4 ,fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce1 hliotrope4--,alcohol & extract ,no4 #a f ,fr5* hliotrope pomade ea* #a qu>t1 vanilla t9cture ,no4 #a & orris-root t9cture ea* #a p9t1 t9ctures ( b5zo9 & tolu balsam ea* p9t1 musk-root t9cture ,no4 #a1 #g ozs41 cum>9 t9cture #e ozs41 ,portugal oil #a oz41 ,fr5* rose-g]anium oil #aa dra*ms1 clove oil #e dra*ms1 be/ lav5d] oil #aa dra*ms4 ,violet fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce4--,alcohol #a qu>t1 extracts ,no4 #a f ,fr5*-violet pomade & cassie pomade ea* #a p9t1 orris-root t9cture ,no4 #a1 #a qu>t1 b5zo9 t9cture #a p9t1 /orax t9cture p9t1 abelmosk t9cture ,no4 #a1 #d ozs41 amb]gris t9cture #aa dra*ms1 orris-root oil #b dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #aa dra*ms1 be/ lav5d] oil #e dra*ms1 myrrh oil #a dra*ms1 basil oil #b dra*ms4 ,ori5tal-fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce4--,alcohol #a qu>t1 extract f ,fr5*-rose pomade #ag ozs41 extracts f ,fr5*-jasm9e pomade1 jonquille pomade1 hliotrope pomade & cassie pomades ea* #g ozs41 vanilla t9cture #g ozs41 t9ctures ( orris root1 tonka beans1 & musk root ea* #c ozs41 b5zo9 t9cture #h ozs41 tolu-balsam t9cture #d ozs41 /orax t9cture #e ozs41 olibanum t9cture #c ozs41 amb]gris t9cture & b]gamot oil ea* #a ozs41 ,ceylon c9namon oil #e dra*ms1 be/ lav5d] oil #aa ozs41 ,turki% rose oil & clove oil ea* #e dra*ms1 n]oli oil #b dra*ms1 ,p]u balsam #c ozs4 ,p9e odor 7= atomiz+7 ,no4 #a4--;,alcohol #b qu>ts1 p9e oil 7f ,p9us picea7 #g ozs41 b]gamot oil #e dra*ms4 ,p9e odor 7= atomiz+7 ,no4 #b4--;,alcohol #b qu>ts1 dw>f-p9e oil 7f ,p9us pumilio7 #e ozs41 oil ( lemons #e dra*ms4 ,junip] odor4--,alcohol #b qu>ts1 extra f9e junip] b]ry oil #c ozs41 be/ lav5d] oil #e dra*ms1 junip] t9cture #h ozs4 ,p9e odor or junip] odor may also be mix$ 9 a vessel ) wat]1 & ?us us$ = fumigat+4 ,fumigat+ balsam4--,alcohol #c qu>ts1 orris-root t9cture #a qu>t1 t9ctures ( b5zo91 tolu balsam1 & /orax ea* #ag ozs41 olibanum t9cture #h ozs41 t9ctures ( abelmosk & musk-root ea* #c ozs41 vanilla t9cture #a ozs41 ,p]u balsam #d ozs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 lemon oil #ad dra*ms1 ,african rose g]anium oil #aa dra*ms1 clove oil & cassia oil ea* #ad dra*ms1 petit-gra9 oil #aa dra*ms1 f9e lav5d] oil #a ozs4 ,fumigat+ wat]4--,alcohol #aj qu>ts1 orris-root t9cture ,no4 #b1 t9ctures ( /orax1 b5zo91 & tolu balsam ea* #a qu>t1 abelmosk t9cture ,no4 #b1 #g ozs41 olibanum t9cture #h ozs41 ,p]u balsam & lav5d] oil ea* #c ozs41 cassia oil & b]gamot oil ea* #a oz41 ?yme oil oz41 clove oil & palm>osa oil ea* #a oz4 ,fumigat+ v9eg>4--,alcohol #b qu>ts1 orris-root t9cture #a qu>t1 b5zo9 t9cture #a p9t1 t9ctures ( tolu balsam & /orax ea* p9t1 musk-root t9cture #d ozs41 t9ctures ( vitiv]t & vanilla ea* #c ozs41 ,p]u balsam #a ozs41 lav5d] oil & clove oil ea* #h dra*ms1 ,ceylon c9namon oil & ,african rose-g]anium oil ea* #e dra*ms1 acetic acid #d ozs4 ,,fumigat+ ,,p[d]s4 ,! lav5d] fl[]s1 m>igold fl[]s 7,cal5dula (fic9alis71 rose leaves1 etc41 us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( fumigat+ p[d]s are n pulv]iz$1 b s f> comm9ut$ ) a suitable in/rum5t z to =m a di/9ctly color$ mixture4 ,to dissolve ! volatile oils1 !y are ?or\ghly mix$ ) ! alcoholic extracts m5tion$ 9 ! receipts4 ,! p]fume ?us obta9$ is f9ally incorporat$ ) ! p[d]s by rubb+ toge!r ) ! h&s4 ,to prev5t loss ( p]fume1 x is mix$ ) ! p[d]s 9 a porcela9 or enamell$ vessel4 ,ord9>y fumigat+ p[d]4--,lav5d] fl[]s1 m>igold fl[]s1 corn fl[]s1 rose leaves1 rasp$ orris root ea* #b lbs41 cloves & c9namon ea* #c ozs41 rasp$ s&]s wood #ag ozs41 rasp$ c$> wood #h ozs41 fumigat+ balsam #ag ozs41 b]gamot oil & ,african rose-g]anium oil ea* #a ozs41 lav5d] oil #aa dra*ms4 ,besides ! above-m5tion$ dry con/itu5ts1 ! residues f odorif]\s sub/ances1 su* z vanilla1 orris root1 vitiv]t root1 junip] b]ries1 etc41 employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( t9ctures may be us$ = ord9>y fumigat+ p[d]s4 ,rose fumigat+ p[d]4--,rose leaves & rose wood ea* #b lbs41 lav5d] fl[]s & s&]s wood ea* #a lb41 corn fl[]s lb41 t9ctures ( musk root & abelmosk ea* #a ozs41 ,african rose-g]anium oil #a oz41 ,turki% rose oil #b dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #h dra*ms1 clove oil #b dra*ms1 nutmeg oil #a dra*ms1 extract f ,fr5* rose pomade #c ozs4 ,violet fumigat+ p[d]4--,rasp$ orris root #d lbs41 lav5d] fl[]s & rasp$ s&]s wood ea* #a lb41 orris-root t9cture1 abelmosk t9cture1 & b]gamot oil ea* #a ozs41 orris-root oil1 basil oil1 & ,ceylon-c9namon oil ea* #b dra*ms1 extract f ,fr5* cassie pomade #a ozs4 ,orange fumigat+ p[d]4--,orange peels #d lbs41 orange fl[]s & m>igold fl[]s ea* #a lb41 musk-root t9cture & ,portugal oil ea* #a ozs41 petit-gra9 oil #e dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #aa dra*ms1 extract f ,fr5* orange fl[] pomade #c ozs4 ,new-m[n hay fumigat+ p[d]4--,lav5d] fl[]s #b lbs41 rose-leaves1 rasp$ s&]s wood1 & rasp$ orris root ea* #a lb41 p[d]$ b5zo91 ,roman camomile1 curl$ m9t & balm ea* lb41 exhau/$ tonka beans #a lb41 pat*\li leaves & b]gamot oil ea* #aa dra*ms1 ,african rose-g]anium oil #h dra*ms1 tonka-bean extract & abelmosk t9cture ea* #a ozs41 extract f ,fr5* rsda pomade #c ozs4 ,,fumigat+ ,,pap]4 ,br+ into a capaci\s %all[ di% a quantity ( fumigat+ balsam & repeat$ly draw %eets ( c>d-bo>d ?r\gh x1 all[+ ! %eets to ?or\ghly dra9 (f & dry aft] ea* draw+ ?r\gh4 ,aft] repeat+ ! op]ation ab\t f\r times1 ! %eets w be suffici5tly p]fum$ & are !n coat$ by means ( a f9e bru% ) a solution ( gum-arabic 9 rose wat]4 ,?is gives to ! %eets a dull lu/re1 :ile ! ?9 lay] ( gum-arabic also prev5ts ! volatilization ( ! aroma4 ,! %eets ?us p]fum$ are cut up into pieces ! size ( a play+ c>d1 & six to twelve su* pieces put up 9 an envelope4 ,= use ! pap] is n ignit$1 b only heat$4 ,) "o su* piece a room c be sev]al times p]fum$4 ,x may be rem>k$ t be=e p]fum+1 ! "n ( ! firm1 directions = use1 etc41 are g5]ally pr9t$ ^u ! c>d-bo>d4 ,,fumigat+ ,,pa/illes4 ,"s p]fum]s make m or less a specialty ( ! manufacture ( fumigat+ pa/illes4 ,!y are g5]ally ( a r$ or black color1 diff]5t p]fumes1 names & qualities4 ,to prep>e !m1 ! f9ely pulv]iz$ sub/ances are pass$ ?r\gh a sieve & mix$ 9 a capaci\s di% ) ! volatile oils1 t9ctures1 etc4 ,! mixture ( p[d] & p]fume is !n made into a mass ) a mucilage ( gum tragacan?1 :i* is ?or\ghly knead$ to make x homog5e\s4 ,! saltpetre giv5 9 ! receipts is dissolv$ by itself 9 di/ill$ wat] & la/ ( all add$ to ! mass4 ,its object is to keep ! pa/illes burn+ aft] ignition4 ,z reg>ds ! mucilage ( gum-tragacan?1 x may be said t x readily spoils1 especially 9 summ]4 ,:5 x beg9s to get wat]y x is already useless & soon acquires a bad odor2 by decomposition x loses its cem5t+ p[]4 ,h5ce only a suffici5t quantity = imm$iate use %\ld be made at "o "t4 ,! m\ld+ ( ! pa/illes is v simple4 ,a numb] ( t9 cones into :i* ! mass is press$ are us$ = ! purpose4 ,aft] /&+ = a %ort "t ! pa/illes are tak5 f ! m\lds & all[$ to dry4 ,ord9>y r$ fumigat+ pa/illes4--,pulv]iz$ s&]s wood & pulv]iz$ ,sumatra b5zo9 ea* #b lbs41 f9ely pulv]iz$ s&>ac & olibanum ea* #a lb41 saltpetre #d ozs4 dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat]2 clove oil #e dra*ms1 palm>osa oil #aa dra*ms1 lav5d] oil #ad dra*ms4 ,mucilage ( gum-tragacan? z mu* z requir$4 ,ord9>y black fumigat+ pa/illes4--,*>coal #b lbs41 f9ely pulv]iz$ ,sumatra b5zo9 #b lbs41 f9ely pulv]iz$ olibanum #a lb41 saltpetre #d ozs41 dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat]2 lav5d] oil1 cassia oil1 & citronella oil ea* #aa dra*ms4 ,mucilage ( gum-tragacan? z mu* z requir$4 ,musk fumigat+ pa/illes4--,pulv]iz$ g5u9e l9d5 *>coal #b lbs41 pulv]iz$ musk root & orris root ea* #a lb41 pulv]iz$ s&]s wood1 ,siam b5zo91 & abelmosk ea* lb41 saltpetre #d ozs41 dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat]2 ,tonk9 musk #a dra*ms1 triturat$ 9 di/ill$ wat]2 ,african-rose g]anium oil1 ,portugal & c$> oil ea* #e dra*ms4 ,mucilage ( gum-tragacan? z mu* z requir$4 ,rose fumigat+ pa/illes4--,pulv]iz$ s&]s wood #b lbs41 p[d]$ s&>ac & ,siam b5zo9 ea* #a lb41 c>m9e1 dissolv$ 9 rose wat]1 #a dra*ms2 saltpetre #c ozs41 b]gamot oil #e dra*ms1 clove oil1 ,turki% rose oil1 & ,fr5* rose-g]anium oil ea* #b4ge dra*ms4 ,gum-tragacan? dissolv$ 9 rose wat] z mu* z requir$4 ,violet fumigat+ pa/illes4--,p[d]$ orris root #b lbs41 pulv]iz$ s&]s wood #a lb41 pulv]iz$ ,siam b5zo9 & opopanax ea* lb41 saltpetre #c ozs41 dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat]2 tolu-balsam t9cture #c ozs41 orris-root oil & b]gamot oil ea* #e dra*ms1 myrrh oil #b dra*ms4 ,mucilage ( gum-tragacan? z mu* z requir$4 ,millefleurs fumigat+ pa/illes4--,pulv]iz$ l9d5 *>coal #b lbs41 pulv]iz$ s&]s wood1 ,siam b5zo91 & orris root ea* #a lb41 pulv]iz$ olibanum lb42 saltpetre #d ozs41 dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat]2 b]gamot oil & ,african rose-g]anium oil ea* #ad dra*ms1 ,ceylon c9namon oil1 ,p>aguay petit-gra9 oil1 & junip]-b]ry oil ea* #e dra*ms1 ,p]u balsam #a ozs41 civet t9cture #e dra*ms1 musk-root t9cture #c ozs4 ,mucilage ( gum-tragacan? z mu* z requir$4 ,fumigat+ lacqu]4--,fumigat+ lacqu] consi/s *iefly ( res9s1 to :i* suffici5t liquid /orax is add$ to r5d] ! mass pla/ic1 s t /icks ( any desir$ l5g? & ?ickness c be =m$ !refrom4 ,! res9s & licorice m5tion$ 9 ! receipt giv5 bel[ are gradually & v c>efully melt$ 9 an iron pan ov] a gas or petroleum flame4 ,to prev5t ! res9s f scor*+1 ! bottom ( ! pan mu/ con/antly be kept free ) a small iron spatula4 ,:5 ! mass is p]fectly fluid ! ,frank=t black is add$1 & ! :ole ?or\ghly work$ until no m lumps ( ,frank=t black are pres5t4 ,! pan is !n tak5 f ! fire1 &1 aft] all[+ ! mass to cool some:at1 x is p]fum$ ) ! ?or\ghly mix$ p]fume4 ,a li?ographic /one1 n too small1 is us$ = giv+ ! fumigat+ lacqu] a r\nd =m4 ,! /one is rubb$ ) a rag moi/5$ ) a v small quantity ( olive oil4 ,a small portion ( ! /ill v w>m mass is !n p\r$ ^u ! /one & roll$ ) ! h&s1 :i* %\ld also be moi/5$ ) a little olive oil1 into /icks ( desir$ ?ickness4 ,! /icks are cut into ! desir$ l5g?s :ile ! lacqu] is /ill w>m1 & ! op]ation is ?us cont9u$ until ! entire mass is work$ up4 ,! mass 9 ! pan mu/1 ( c\rse1 be con/antly kept liquid4 ,siam b5zo91 olibanum1 & myrrh ea* #h ozs41 /orax z free f wat] z possible #c ozs41 licorice #ag ozs41 ,p]u balsam #c ozs41 ,frank=t black #e ozs41 b]gamot oil #ad dra*ms1 ,african rose-g]anium oil1 cassia oil1 junip]-b]ry oil1 & eucalyptus oil ea* #aa dra*ms4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,d5tifrices1 ,,m\?-,,wat]s1 ,,etc4 ,= cleans+ & pres]v+ ! tee? & gums1 soaps1 p[d]s1 & t9ctures are us$1 & = remov+ f\l brea?1 m\?-wat]s4 ,great c>e is requir$ 9 comp\nd+ d5tifrices & m\?-wat]s1 & special att5tion mu/ be paid to ! correct selection ( ! mat]ial4 ,! sub/ances us$ mu/ be *emically pure1 & no cau/ic or %>p or grat+ mat]ials1 su* z pumice1 s&1 ossa sepi1 etc41 %\ld be employ$1 !y de/roy+ ! enamel ( ! tee?4 ,! color+ sub/ances us$ to give ! d5tifrices & m\?-wat]s a pleas+ appe>ance %\ld "u no condition be injuri\s or poison\s1 su* z1 = in/ance1 brilliant rosa1 c9nab>1 anil9e1 *rome yell[1 picric acid1 etc4 ,! p]fumes h also to be c>efully select$1 & all repugnant volatile oils & t9ctures1 su* z bitt]-almond oil1 s&al-wood oil1 musk t9cture1 etc41 %\ld be avoid$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 pepp]m9t oil =ms ! pr9cipal con/itu5t ( ! p]fume = mo/ d5tifrices & m\?-wat]s1 ?is pref]5ce be+ n only due to its agreeable odor1 b *iefly to its pleasant1 refre%+1 & /imulat+ action ^u our organs4 ,9 accordance ) rec5t m$ical directions & op9ions soap is aga9 employ$1 & ju/ly s1 = ! bett] cleans+ ( ! tee?1 :il/ =m]ly x 0 g5]ally consid]$ injuri\s4 ,h[ev]1 ?\gh soap is innocu\s to ! tee?1 x %\ld be us$ 9 v limit$ quantities1 s9ce its introduction into ! m\? is repugnant to _m p]sons1 produc+ 9 _m cases vomit+4 ,! quality ( ! soap mu/ also be tak5 into consid]ation1 & only ! be/ neutral soap 9 ! =m ( a p[d]1 su* z is us$ = f9e mill$ soaps1 %\ld be employ$4 ,! alcohol us$ = ! too? & m\?-wat]s--m correctly t9ctures--%\ld be p]fectly free f fusel oil1 & ( #ie to #if p] c5t4 /r5g?4 ,! be/ qualities ( volatile oils %\ld be tak51 & ! t9ctures prep>$ ) ! greate/ c>e4 ,! d5tifrices = prev5t+ c>ies1 among :i* ! ?ymol prep>ations are ! mo/ prom95t1 des]ve special att5tion4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ physicians h long s9ce recogniz$ ?ymol z an antiseptic1 x be+ mu* us$ 9 hospitals1 & is frequ5tly pref]r$ to c>bolic acid4 ,= ?is reason ?ymol prep>ations %\ld be us$ = pres]v+ ! tee?4 ,!y r5d] good s]vice1 especially 9 ! case ( holl[ tee?1 z !y remove ! f\l odor & protect ! s\nd tee? f becom+ holl[4 ,= cleans+ artificial tee? ?ymol too?-wat] c be especially recomm5d$4 ,great c>e %\ld1 !re=e1 be ex]cis$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ^! ?ymol d5tifrices4 ,on ! o!r h&1 accord+ to m$ical op9ions1 d5tifrices conta9+ salicylic acid _c be recomm5d$1 ! acid1 x is claim$1 be+ v injuri\s to ! enamel ( ! tee?4 ,glyc]91 :i* occurs 9 sev]al receipts = d5tifrices & m\?-wat]s1 fulfills a d\ble object2 on ! "o h&1 its action ^u ! tee? & m\? is b5eficial1 &1 on ! o!r1 x cov]s ! naturally bitt] ta/e ( _m sub/ances conta9$ 9 ! prep>ations1 & ?us makes !m m agreeable to use4 ,! receipts = d5tifrices & m\?-wat]s "h giv5 h be5 ?or\ghly te/$1 & c be highly recomm5d$4 ,too? & m\? wat]s4 ,?ymol too?-wat]4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 *emically pure glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #ag ozs41 cry/alliz$ ?ymol #a oz41 :ite ?yme oil & be/ pepp]m9t oil ea* #a ozs41 t9ctures ( arnica & guaiacum ea* #a ozs41 co*9eal t9cture1 = color+1 #b to #c ozs4 ,br+ all ! +r$i5ts into a glass balloon1 %ake ?or\ghly1 & protect ! liquid f sunlight4 ,! co*9eal t9cture is prep>$ f #ad ozs4 ( co*9eal & #a qu>t ( alcohol ( be/ quality1 ! arnica t9cture f #b lbs4 ( arnica root & #b qu>ts ( alcohol ( be/ quality1 & ! guaiacum t9cture f #e ozs4 ( guaiacum-wood & #a qu>t ( alcohol ( be/ quality4 ,eau d5tifrice ,botot4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 *emically pure glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #ag ozs41 pepp]m9t oil #b ozs41 clove oil #aa dra*ms1 anise-se$ oil #e dra*ms1 ratany t9cture & vanilla t9cture ea* #e ozs41 ,p]uvian b>k t9cture #a ozs41 s&]s-wood t9cture1 z color+ matt]1 #c ozs4 ,proce$ z above4 ,! s&]s-wood t9cture is prep>$ by mac]at+ #e ozs4 ( r$ s&]s wood ) #a qu>t ( alcohol4 ,eau d5tifrice ,ori5tale4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 pepp]m9t oil & rose-g]anium oil ea* #a ozs41 clove oil #aa dra*ms1 extrait rose & ratany t9cture ea* #c ozs41 vanilla t9cture #a ozs4 ,proce$ z above & color rose color ) corall9 t9cture4 ,! ratany t9cture is prep>$ f #ag ozs4 ( ratany root & #a qu>t alcohol1 & ! corall9 t9cture f #ag ozs4 ( corall9 & #a qu>t alcohol4 ,violet m\?-wat]4--,t9cture ( b5zo9 #g p>ts1 t9cture ( ratany #cj1 t9cture ( myrrh #fj1 rose wat] #bej1 t9cture ( orris root #ejj1 alcohol #bej4 ,antiseptic g>gle4--,! foll[+ solution is recomm5d$ = /]iliz+ ! m\? aft] ! tee? h be5 cleans$ ) a too?-bru% & soap3 ,?ymol #c gra9s1 b5zoic acid #de1 t9cture ( eucalyptus #ahj1 wat] #a p9ts4 ,odont9e4--,exhau/ #c ozs4 ( pulv]iz$ myrrh ) a mixture ( #be ozs4 ( alcohol & #h ozs4 ( wat]4 ,!n dissolve #a ozs4 ( ,ca/ile soap %av+s 9 a mixture ( #be ozs4 ( alcohol & #h ozs4 ( wat]1 & color w9e-r$ ) alkann94 ,!n add lemon oil #cj drops1 pepp]m9t oil #cj drops1 w9t]gre5 oil #aj drops1 />-anise oil #cj drops1 & f9ally #d ozs4 ( glyc]94 ,aft] all[+ ! :ole to /& 9 a cool place = "o or two weeks1 filt]1 mix ! filtrate ) #aj dra*ms ( acetic e!r1 & fill 9 bottles4 ,sozodont4--,:ite ,ca/ile soap oz41 oil ( pepp]m9t #e drops1 oil ( w9t]gre5 #ab drops1 glyc]9 oz41 wat] #a oz41 alcohol #b ozs41 co*9eal t9cture suffici5t to color4 ,eau de ,botot 7improv$74--,cloves1 />-anise1 & soap b>k1 ea* #b dra*ms1 co*9eal #a dra*ms4 ,pulv]ize & p]colate ) ! foll[+ mixture3 ,alcohol #bj ozs41 rose wat] #d ozs4 ,to ! p]colate add3 ,cream ( t>t> #de gra9s1 oil ( pepp]m9t #a dra*ms4 ,filt]4 ,qu99e too?-wat]4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 pepp]m9t oil #a oz41 clove oil oz41 ,ceylon c9namon oil #b dra*ms1 ,p]uvian b>k-t9cture #h ozs41 guaiacum-t9cture #c ozs41 myrrh t9cture #a4ge ozs41 glyc]9e ( #bh ,b4 #ag ozs4 ,proce$ z above4 ,! ,p]uvian b>k-t9cture is prep>$ by mac]at+ #h ozs4 ( ,p]uvian b>k 9 #a qu>t ( alcohol ( be/ quality4 ,dr4 ,/ahl's too?-t9cture4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 pepp]m9t oil #a ozs41 clove oil #e dra*ms1 ,fr5* rose-g]anium oil #h dra*ms1 vanilla-t9cture #e ozs41 guaiacum-t9cture #c ozs41 b5zo9 t9cture #h ozs41 h5na-t9cture1 z color+ matt]1 #h ozs4 ,br+ all ! +r$i5ts into a glass bottle1 %ake ?or\ghly & protect ! mixture f sunlight4 ,! t9cture1 :5 mix$ ) wat]1 gives an emulsion4 ,! h5na-t9cture is obta9$ by mac]at+ #ag ozs4 ( h5na-root 9 #d qu>ts ( alcohol4 ,esprit de m5!4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 pepp]m9t oil #d ozs4 ,arnica too?-t9cture4--,alcohol ( be/ quality & arnica-t9cture ea* #a qu>t1 ,p]uvian b>k-t9cture #a p9t1 glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #e ozs41 co*9eal t9cture1 z color+ matt]1 #a ozs4 ,myrrh too?-t9cture4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #a qu>t1 myrrh t9cture #b qu>ts1 guaiacum-t9cture #h ozs4 ,a few rem>ks may "h be made reg>d+ ! use ( too? t9ctures4 ,! t9ctures %\ld n be us$ undilut$1 !y be+ apt to make t5d] gums sore1 cause pa91 & may ev5 produce inflammation4 ,x is be/ to dilute ! t9ctures some:at ) wat] :]eby !y become mild] & m agreeable to ! gums4 ,an excell5t article = r9s+ out ! m\? is obta9$ by p\r+ a teaspoonful ( ! t9cture into a tumbl] ( wat]4 ,,too?-,,pa/es ,,& ,,too?-,,p[d]s4 ,too?-pa/e or odont9e1 ,no4 #a4--;,c>bonate ( magnesium #f lbs41 sug> ( milk #b lbs41 precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium #d lbs41 aliz>91 to color1 #a ozs41 be/ soap-p[d] #g ozs41 p[d]$ gum-arabic #e ozs41 sug> #ag ozs4 dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat] #b qu>ts1 *emically pure glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #ag ozs41 pepp]m9t oil #h ozs41 clove oil #h dra*ms4 ,pass ! magnesia1 sug> ( milk1 c>bonate ( calcium1 aliz>91 soap-p[d] & gum-arabic ?r\gh a f9e sieve & mix intimately2 dissolve ! sug> 9 ! di/ill$ wat] & add ! glyc]9 to ! solution4 ,br+ ! sift$ p[d]s into a mort> or o!r conv5i5t vessel1 gradually add ! fluid & ?or\ghly mix ) ! h&s4 ,!n add ! p]fume1 & conv]t ! :ole into a solid pa/e ) a wood5 pe/le4 ,in/ead ( mix+ & work+ ! mass 9 a mort>1 ! op]ation is mu* m rapidly p]=m$ by pass+ ! mixture ?r\gh ! rolls ( a soap mill1 :i* mu/1 ( c\rse1 be ?or\ghly cleans$ = ! purpose by wa%+ ) wat]4 ,too?-pa/e or odont9e1 ,no4 #b4--;,c>bonate ( magnesium & sug> ( milk ea* #b lbs41 precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium #d lbs41 prep>$ *alk #aj lbs41 sug> #d lbs4 dissolv$ 9 wat] #e qu>ts1 be/ soap-p[d] #b lbs41 aliz>91 z color+ matt]1 #g ozs41 pepp]m9t oil #aj ozs41 clove oil #h ozs4 ,?is pa/e is prep>$ 9 ! same mann] z ,no4 #a1 only ! proportion ( wat] has to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,to prev5t ! mass f becom+ too s(t1 ! wat] %\ld be v gradually add$4 ,?ymol too?-pa/e4--,c>bonate ( magnesium #d lbs41 sug> ( milk #b lbs41 pulv]iz$ gum-arabic & soap p[d] ea* #c ozs41 c>m9e nac>at1 z color+ matt]1 #b dra*ms1 & aliz>91 z color+ matt]1 #f dra*ms1 sug> #aj ozs41 dissolv$ 9 di/ill$ wat] #a qu>ts1 pepp]m9t oil #a ozs41 :ite ?yme oil #b ozs41 cry/alliz$ ?ymol #a ozs41 arnica t9cture #g ozs4 ,! ?yme oil1 pepp]m9t oil & arnica t9cture are br\ght into a bottle & ! ?ymol is dissolv$ 9 ! mixture4 ,by previ\sly conv]t+ ! ?ymol to a co>se p[d] solution takes place q rapidly4 ,! fur!r manipulation is ! same z giv5 = too?-pa/e ,no4 #a4 ,*]ry too?-pa/e4--,boil briskly #a oz4 potassium c>bonate & #a oz4 ( p[d]$ co*9eal 9 a p9t ( wat] until r$uc$ to #ab or #ac ozs4 ,:5 cold1 add #a oz4 cream ( t>t>1 oz4 alum1 #b ozs4 glyc]91 & wat] suffici5t to make #af ozs4 ( filt]$ solution4 ,!n add #d ozs4 ( honey & set aside a few days to see if f]m5tation occurs4 ,c>efully mix ! liquid ) #b lbs4 prep>$ *alk1 #a ozs4 orris p[d] & ozs4 cassia p[d]4 ,non-f]m5t+ *]ry too?-pa/e4--,f9e p[d]$ pumice /one #b ozs41 p[d]$ orris root #b ozs41 p[d]$ myrrh oz41 honey #d ozs41 suffici5t liquid co*9eal to color1 oil ( cloves dra*m1 ess5ce ( lemon #a dra*ms1 rose oil #h drops4 ,mix well4 ,odont9e pa/e4--,fr5* *alk #cj dra*ms1 soap #ae1 sug> #ae1 gum-arabic #b1 pepp]m9t oil #b1 glyc]9 #h1 wat] #h4 ,"w into a pa/e4 ,?ymol too?-p[d]4--,sug> ( milk & c>bonate ( magnesium ea* #b lbs41 precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium #a lb41 be/ soap-p[d] #g ozs41 aliz>91 z color+ matt]1 & cry/alliz$ ?ymol1 ea* #a oz41 glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #e ozs41 arnica t9cture #g ozs41 :ite ?yme oil #a ozs41 pepp]m9t oil #aa dra*ms4 ,?or\ghly mix--pref]ably 9 a capaci\s enamell$ vessel--! p[d]$ & color$ +r$i5ts1 add ! ?ymol dissolv$ 9 ! mixture ( ! volatile oils1 arnica t9cture & glyc]91 rub & uni=mly mix ! :ole ) ! h&s1 s t no specks ( color+ matt] & p]fume are p]ceptible1 & !n aga9 pass ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,too? p[d] is be/ kept 9 well clos$ t9 boxes2 boxes ( wood or pa/e-bo>d are n suitable = ! purpose1 ! p[d]1 :5 kept 9 !m1 los+ 9 quality4 ,! above explanations ref] to all ! foll[+ too? p[d]s3-- ,p\dre d5tifrice4--,precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium #b lbs41 c>bonate ( magnesium #a lb41 sug> ( milk #a lbs41 f9e soap-p[d] #e ozs41 aliz>91 z color+ matt]1 #e ozs41 pepp]m9t oil #b ozs41 clove oil #e dra*ms1 ,ceylon c9namon oil #b dra*ms1 rose-g]anium oil #e dra*ms1 vanilla t9cture #a ozs4 ,proce$ z giv5 = ?ymol too?-p[d]4 ,violet too?-p[d]4--,orris-root p[d] #c lbs41 c>bonate ( magnesium #a lb41 sug> ( milk #a lbs41 be/ soap-p[d] #e ozs41 ,portugal oil & pepp]m9t oil ea* #a oz41 ratany t9cture #c ozs4 ,proce$ z giv5 = ?ymol too?-p[d]4 ,dr4 ,hufel&'s too?-p[d]4--,pulv]iz$ s&]s wood1 ,p]uvian b>k1 & precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium ea* #b lbs41 be/ soap-p[d] #g ozs41 b]gamot oil & ,portugal oil ea* #aa dra*ms1 clove oil & cassia oil ea* #ad dra*ms1 myrrh t9cture #a ozs4 ,proce$ z giv5 = ?ymol too?-p[d]4 ,:ite too?-p[d]4--,c>bonate ( magnesium1 precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium1 & prep>$ *alk ea* #a lb41 soap-p[d] #c ozs41 pepp]m9t oil #a oz41 clove oil #e dra*ms4 ,proce$ z giv5 = ?ymol too?-p[d]4 ,black too?-p[d]4--,f9ely pulv]iz$ l9d5 *>coal #b lbs41 precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium #a lb41 be/ soap-p[d] #c ozs41 pepp]m9t oil #a ozs41 clove oil #h dra*ms1 guaiacum t9cture #c ozs4 ,proce$ z giv5 = ?ymol too?-p[d]4 ,p\dre de corail4--,c>bonate ( magnesium #a lb41 sug> ( milk #g ozs41 prep>$ *alk #a lb41 be/ soap-p[d] #g ozs41 aliz>9 #c ozs41 pepp]m9t oil #a ozs41 clove oil #e dra*ms1 cassia oil #b dra*ms4 ,proce$ z giv5 = ?ymol too?-p[d]4 ,camphor too?-p[d]4--,prep>$ *alk & precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium ea* #a lb41 be/ soap-p[d] #b ozs41 pepp]m9t oil #e dra*ms1 camphor #a oz4 dissolv$ 9 ! necess>y quantity ( alcohol ( be/ quality4 ,?or\ghly mix all ! +r$i5ts & pass ! mixture ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,?is too?-p[d] %\ld be us$ only e #e or #f days2 :5 too frequ5tly us$ x affects ! n]ves4 ,opiat liquide p\r les d5ts4--,g5u9e honey #a lbs41 sug> syrup #b ozs41 be/ :eat fl\r #g ozs41 r\nd-lake #b ozs41 pepp]m9t oil & clove oil ea* #aa dra*ms4 ,conv]t ! r\nd-lake into a f9e p[d] & pass x ?r\gh a f9e sieve into a capaci\s porcela9 di%4 ,!n intimately mix x ) ! :eat fl\r1 gradually add ! honey & syrup1 & aft] ?or\ghly work+ ! mass = ab\t h\r1 add ! volatile oil4 ,n[ "w ! :ole ?or\ghly ) ! pe/le1 !n cov] ! di%1 & aft] all[+ x to /& quietly = ab\t #cf h\rs1 br+ ! mass into boxes ( glass or t9 provid$ ) screw-tops4 ,p\dre d' ,algr9e4--,cream ( t>t> & pulv]iz$ r$ coral ea* #b lbs41 pulv]iz$ burnt alum #a lb41 pulv]iz$ sug> ( milk #b lbs41 co*9eal z color+ matt] #c ozs4 ,! pulv]iz$ +r$i5ts are br\ght into an enamell$ vessel hav+ a capacity ( #ab qu>ts & ?or\ghly mix$1 s t ! co*9eal is uni=mly di/ribut$ 9 ! mass4 ,n[ h ready ab\t #c qu>ts ( ne>ly boil+ wat] & a ?or\ghly cleans$ soap-/irr] or simil> in/rum5t4 ,:5 ev]y?+ is prep>$1 quickly p\r ! hot wat] ^u ! p[d] 9 ! enamell$ vessel & /ir rapidly & ?or\ghly dur+ ! eff]vesc5ce :i* imm$iately takes place4 ,! eff]vesc5ce gradually ceases & ! result w be a beautiful crimson color$ mass1 ! hot wat] hav+ imm$iately & completely dissolv$ ! color+ matt] ( ! co*9eal4 ,n[1 br+ ! mass into a %all[ box l9$ ) clean :ite pap] & place x to dry 9 an airy room1 b d n expose x to ! air or sunlight4 ,! next day ! mass 9 ! box is ?or\ghly work$ ?r\gh1 ?is op]ation be+ repeat$ e day until ! mass is dry4 ,x is !n aga9 p[d]$1 :]eby x acquires a rose color1 & is !n sift$4 ,! p[d] is p]fum$ ) pepp]m9t oil #a oz4 & clove oil & cassia oil ea* #e ozs41 suffici5t glyc]9 to prev5t du/1 be+ at ! same "t rubb$ 94 ,) ! addition ( ! glyc]9 ! beautiful crimson color ( ! p[d] reappe>s4 ,?is too?-p[d] possesses excell5t cleans+ qualities & c be recomm5d$ *iefly to p]sons hav+ yell[ tee?1 z well z to smok]s ^: tee? comm5ce to get black4 ,dr4 ,hufel&'s too? soap4--,be/ quality ( tall[ melt$ )\t acid #ad lbs41 soda lye ( #ch ,b4 #f lbs41 pota% lye ( #bj ,b4 #a lb4 ,fur!r1 yell[ o*re #a lb41 umb] #d ozs41 & precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium #c lbs41 /irr$ toge!r ) hot wat] #b qu>ts4 ,pepp]m9t oil #e ozs41 clove oil #ad dra*ms4 ,! kettle ) ! tall[ /ra9$ ?r\gh a clo? is br\ght ^u ! wat]-ba? & ! tall[ heat$ to #afg ,f4 ,! lye heat$ to ab\t #ajj ,f4 is !n sl[ly add$ to ! tall[ 9 ! kettle1 &1 aft] /irr+ = ab\t h\r1 ! mass is all[$ to re/ quietly1 ! kettle be+ lightly cov]$ & only a little /eam admitt$ or fire kept "u ! kettle1 s t saponification does n take place too rapidly4 ,saponification w be sl[ly effect$ f ! sides ( ! kettle 9 ab\t "o h\r1 ! mass 9 ! kettle ris+ some:at4 ,?is ris+ indicates t ! process ( saponification is go+ on4 ,! mass is n[ aga9 /irr$1 :i* mu/ be done c>efully & n ha/ily1 z o!rwise ! soap readily becomes spum\s4 ,:5 ! soap aga9 lies quietly 9 ! kettle1 x w h ! appe>ance ( a :ite prime gra9-soap4 ,n[ add ! color+ sub/ances & ! precipitat$ c>bonate ( calcium & ?or\ghly /ir1 s t ! mass acquires a uni=m br[n color4 ,!n remove ! kettle f ! wat]-ba?1 add ! p]fumes ) con/ant /irr+1 br+ ! f9i%$ too? soap into ! frame1 lightly cov] ! latt] ) ! wood5 lid & let /& ov] night4 ,! next day ! too? soap may be cut up into suitable pieces1 :i* are all[$ to dry = ab\t #ab h\rs & !n pack$ 9 t9foil1 etc4 ,too?-soap4--,ca/ile soap #a lb41 prep>$ *alk #a oz41 ?ymol #bj gra9s1 oil ( w9t]gre5 #cj drops4 ,%ave ! soap into ribbons1 beat x into a pa/e ) a little wat]1 & add fir/ ! prep>$ *alk & la/ly ! ?ymol & w9t]gre5 oil dissolv$ 9 a little wat]4 ,saponace\s too?-wa%4--,:ite ,ca/ile soap #c ozs41 oil ( orange peel #aj drops1 oil ( c9namon #e drops1 wat] #d ozs41 alcohol #ab ozs4 ,%ave ! soap into ribbons2 melt ) ! wat] 9 a wat]-ba?1 add+ ! alcohol :ile /ill w>m4 ,cont9ue ! heat if necess>y1 until solution is effect$4 ,:5 cold1 dissolve ! oils 9 ! liquid4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,hair ,,pomades1 ,,hair ,,oils1 ,,& ,,hair ,,tonics2 ,,hair ,,dyes ,,& ,,depilatories4 ,to prop]ly pres]ve ! hair x requires to be occasionally oil$1 & ! scalp to be frequ5tly cleans$4 ,pomades & oils s]ve = ! =m] purpose1 & hair tonics = ! latt]4 ,= ! prep>ation ( pomades1 fats1 su* z l>d1 beef-tall[1 & beef-m>r[1 are pr9cipally us$1 ?\gh cocoa butt]1 cocoanut oil1 ca/or oil1 almond oil1 sp]maceti1 & wax1 &1 m rec5tly1 vasel9e are also employ$4 ,= ! prep>ation ( hair oils1 fat oils1 especially olive oil & almond oil are us$1 b also poppy oil1 peanut oil1 sesame oil1 etc4 ,! fats & oils us$ %\ld n be rancid1 =1 on ! "o h&1 ! bad odor aris+ f rancidity is tr\blesome 9 p]fum+1 &1 on ! o!r1 :at is ( /ill great] importance1 rancid fat injuri\sly affects ! scalp & ! gr[? ( ! hair4 ,( ! oils above m5tion$1 :i* are sometimes us$1 poppy oil is a dry+ oil1 &1 !re=e1 n suitable = ! purpose4 ,"s fats enjoy a special reputation z hair pomades1 ! prop]ty ( /r5g!n+ ! scalp & promot+ ! gr[? ( ! hair be+ ascrib$ to !m4 ,?is is especially ! case z reg>ds beef m>r[ & horse fat1#bb :il/ 9 old5 times ! bone m>r[ ( ! de] 7c]val m$ull7 & be>'s grease 7 believ$ to possess ?is prop]ty4 ,cleopatra is said to h us$ ! latt]1 & _m ladies are at ! pres5t "t "u ! impression t !y apply x to _! hair :5 !y use ,pommade la graisse d'ours4 ,?or\ghly purifi$ l>d r5d]s no d\bt ! same s]vice z ! above-m5tion$ fats4 #bb ,g5u9e horse fat is obta9$ f ! upp] portion ( ! neck ( ! horse4 ,,pomades4 ,pomades are prep>$ by two diff]5t me?ods2 ! desir$ odor is imp>t$ to ! fat by ! extraction ( ! fl[]s ( v>i\s plants1 or ! fat 9 a semi-congeal$ /ate is p]fum$ ) diff]5t volatile oils4 ,! fats us$ = pomades %\ld1 z above indicat$1 be z fre% & pure z possible1 s t !y w keep = a long "t4 ,fats int5d$ = f9e pomades1 = :i* l>d & beef-tall[ are *iefly us$1 are g5]ally fir/ subject$ to purification by1 = "s "t1 treat+ !m ) cold wat]1 con/antly r5ew$1 & ?or\ghly wa%+1 s t all adh]+ p>ticles ( dirt & mucus are remov$1 & ! pomades prep>$ f !m are bett] protect$ aga9/ rancidity4 ,= ! removal ( ! wat] adh]+ f wa%+1 ! fats are remelt$4 ,/ill great] durability is imp>t$ to ! fat by add+ 9 remelt+ a small quantity ( salicylic acid 7#b dra*ms ( ! acid to #b lbs4 ( fat71 or ( gum b5zo94 ,a small addition ( e?yl nitrite also r5d]s ! fats m durable4 ,! purification ( ! fat1 :i* g5]ally consi/s ( #b to #c p>ts l>d & #a "p beef-tall[1 is frequ5tly effect$ z foll[s3 ,boil = ab\t "o h\r #abe lbs4 ( fat ) ab\t #cj gallons ( wat] conta9+ #a lb4 ea* ( common salt & alum 9 solution1 con/antly remov+ ! scum =m$4 ,aft] /&+ = sev]al h\rs1 ! fat ?us purifi$ is c>efully tak5 (f f ! s$im5t & wat]2 x is !n1 toge!r ) #d to #f lbs4 ( pulv]iz$ b5zo91 = "s "t heat$ at #afg ,f41 & f9ally /ra9$ into /one j>s1 :i*1 aft] ! fat is cold1 are clos$ ) a piece ( bladd] or wax$ pap] & kept = use4 ,fat ?us prep>$ keeps = ye>s4 ,= color+ ! pomades are us$3 #a4 ,= r$3 ,alkann91 c9nab>1 c>m9e 7triturat$ ) a small quantity ( sal ammoniac & add$ to ! fat7 & safran9 7#a "p ( x dissolv$ 9 #bj p>ts alcohol & #hj p>ts wat] & add$ to ! melt$ fat74 #b4 ,= yell[3 ,annotto1 turm]ic1 cadmium sulphide4 #c4 ,= br[n3 ,cocoa p[d] & o*re4 #d4 ,= gre53 ,*lorophyl4 ,besides ! above-m5tion$ color+ sub/ances1 a v int5se color+ matt] = pomades is br\ght into comm]ce "u ! "n ,l$]9 by ,saltz] ,voigt1 ( ,ok]1 ,g]many4 ,x is manufactur$ 9 lemon color1 orange1 c9nab>1 violet1 & br[n %ades1 & #aj to #ab dra*ms ( x1 triturat$ 9 a porcela9 di% ) ab\t #a lb4 ( ! w>m fat1 w imp>t a truly beautiful color to #ajj lbs4 ( fat or oil4 ,f9e ,fr5* ,pomades 7,fl[] ,pomades74--,9 ,france1 especially 9 ! s\!rn "p1 :]e ! cultivation ( ! v>i\s fl[]s1 su* z roses1 violets1 mignonette1 hliotrope1 etc41 is c>ri$ on on an ext5sive scale1 ! f9e pomades are prep>$ by ! me?od previ\sly m5tion$ 7see p4 #eh et seq474 ,! mac]ation or extraction ( ! fl[]s is effect$ z foll[s3 ,! fat1 g5]ally consi/+ ( #c p>ts l>d & #a "p beef-tall[1 is melt$ 9 an enamell$ vessel ov] ! /eam or wat]-ba?4 ,! fl[]s 9 a clean l95 bag are susp5d$ 9 ! fat1 & aft] cov]+ ! vessel ! fat is kept1 accord+ to ! /r5g? ( ! p]fume ( ! respective v>iety ( fl[]1 = a day or two m at a temp]ature ( f #acc to #ade ,f4 ,! extract$ & exhau/$ fl[]s are !n tak5 out1 slightly press$ out1 & ?r[n away4 ,! same op]ation ) always ! same quantities ( fre% fl[]s is !n repeat$ t5 to twelve times ) ! same fat1 until x is suffici5tly p]fum$4 ,! pomade ?us obta9$1 to :i* "s :ite vasel9e is frequ5tly add$1 is !n /irr$ until cold4 ,receipts = "s fl[] pomades are "h giv53-- ,pommade la rose4--,extract1 9 ! mann] above giv51 ) #f lbs4 ( l>d & #b lbs4 ( beef-tall[1 bo? ?or\ghly purifi$1 #h lbs4 ( fre% rose leaves4 ,treat ! fat t5 to twelve times 9 ! same mann] ) an equal quantity ( fre% rose leaves4 ,pommade l'acacia4--,extract #f lbs4 ( fre% acacia fl[]s ) #bj lbs4 ( fat1 & repeat ! op]ation t5 times ) a l quantity ( fre% fl[]s4 ,pommade la fleur d'orange4--,extract #h lbs4 ( fre% orange fl[]s ) #h lbs4 ( fat1 & repeat ! op]ation eight times ) a l quantity ( fre% fl[]s4 ,pommade l'hliotrope4--,extract #h lbs4 ( fre% hliotrope fl[]s ) #h lbs4 ( fat1 & repeat ! op]ation eight to t5 times ) an equal quantity ( fre% fl[]s4 ,all simple ,fr5* pomades1 = :i* fl[]s furni% ! p]fume1 are prep>$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,= pomades are *iefly us$ ! fl[]s ( ! g]anium1 jasm9e1 mignonette1 hyac9?1 tub]ose1 n>cissus1 lily1 etc41 ! pomades z a rule receiv+ ! "n ( ! p]fume imp>t$ to !m4 ,,pomades ,,accord+ ,,to ,,! ,,g]man ,,me?od4 ,mo/ ( ! pomades consum$ 9 ,g]many are prep>$ f fre%1 purifi$ l>d & beef-tall[1 ?\gh sometimes additions ( wax1 sp]maceti1 /e>91 ca/or-oil1 cocoanut oil1 etc41 are made1 or ! pomade is entirely compos$ ( ! latt] fats4 ,= inf]ior qualities ( pomades1 borax is mu* us$1 s9ce x n only possesses ! prop]ty ( comb9+ a quantity ( wat] ) ! fat1 b also makes ! pomade m durable4 ,soap dissolv$ 9 hot wat] is also (t5 add$ to ! fat1 :]eby n only consid]able wat] is fix$ 9 ! pomade1 b ! latt] also becomes v :ite & pliant4 ,9 reg>d to pomades conta9+ borax1 x may be m5tion$ t safran9 has prov$ a durable sub/ance = color+ ! pomades r$1 :ile alkann9 suff]s alt]ations4 ,! fabrication ( pomades is v simple4 ,! fat1 aft] be+ melt$1 & some:at cool$ (f1 is g5]ally vigor\sly work$ or beat5 ) a wood5 pe/le or spatula1 until x acquires a fro?y1 cream-l appe>ance4 ,by ?is treatm5t ! fat also ga9s 9 volume1 small air bubbles be+ inclos$ 9 x4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fat is /irr$ until cold1 !n p]fum$ & p\r$ into pots4 ,! foll[+ mixtures ( fat may s]ve z suitable f\ndations = :ite pomades3-- ,i4 ,l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #b lbs4 ,,ii4 ,l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #c lbs4 ,,iii4 ,l>d #g lbs41 sp]maceti #a lbs4 ,,iv4 ,ca/or oil #f lbs41 vasel9e #a lbs41 wax #a lb4 ,v4 ,l>d #h lbs41 cocoanut oil #b lbs4 ,,vi4 ,ca/or oil #f lbs41 sp]maceti #a lb4 ,,vii4 ,l>d #f lbs41 cocoanut oil #c lbs4 ,,viii4 ,l>d #h lbs41 wax #a lb41 cocoa butt] #a lb4 ,,ix4 ,pomade fat #ab lbs41 soap #d ozs41 dissolv$ 9 hot wat]1 borax dra*m4 ,?is mass w /& ab\t wat]4 ,x4 ,9 summ]3 ,fat #f lbs41 /e>9 #g ozs4 ,9 w9t]3 ,fat #f lbs41 /e>9 #d ozs4 ,to ei!r mass giv5 "u ,x1 add & comb9e ?or\ghly ) x #ad dra*ms ( borax dissolv$ 9 #a qu>t ( wat]4 ,! pomades1 :ile /ill w>m1 are color$ & f9ally p]fum$4 ,= p]fum+1 diff]5t volatile oils & p]fume sub/ances ( suitable composition are us$1 #a to #a ozs4 ( p]fume be+ g5]ally suffici5t = #b lbs4 ( fat4 ,receipts = ! be/ kn[n & mo/ popul> pomades are z foll[s3-- ,apple pomade4--,dige/ = "s "t 9 ! wat] ba? #b lbs4 ( fre% apple p>+s ) #f lbs4 ( l>d & #b lbs4 ( beef-tall[1 press1 color yell[1 /ir until cold1 & p]fume ) #a oz4 amyl val]ate1 commonly call$ apple oil4 ,be>'s grease pomade4--,p]fume purifi$ be>'s grease #h lbs41 or b5zoat$ l>d #f lbs4 & beef-tall[ #b lbs41 ) rose-g]anium oil #b ozs4 & vanilla t9cture #b ozs4 ,qu99e pomade ,no4 #a4--;,fre% l>d #f lbs41 fre% beef-tall[ #b lbs41 qu9otannic acid #ac ozs41 t9cture ( can?>ides & di/ill$ wat] ea* #h ozs41 ,p]u balsam #d ozs41 rose-g]anium oil #h dra*ms4 ,qu99e pomade ,no4 #b4--,vasel9e #d lbs41 p>aff9 #b lbs41 fat jasm9e oil #a lb41 ,p]uvian b>k extract lb41 tann9 #e ozs41 ,p]u balsam #c ozs41 rose-g]anium oil #aa dra*ms4 ,melt toge!r ! vasel9e & p>aff91 add ! ,p]uvian b>k extract previ\sly rubb$ up ) z little wat] z possible1 & /ir 9 ! tann9 dissolv$ 9 ! volatile oils4 ,qu99e pomade 7imitation7 ,no4 #a4--;,b5zoat$ l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #b lbs41 color$ ) prep>$ cocoa p[d] ab\t #ad ozs41 & p]fum$ ) ,p]uvian balsam #b ozs41 b]gamot oil1 citronella oil1 & eau de ,cologne ea* #e dra*ms1 & oils ( cloves1 lav5d]1 & c9namon ea* #dj drops4 ,qu99e pomade 7imitation7 ,no4 #b4--,l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #b lbs41 cocoa p[d] #ae ozs41 ,p]u balsam #b ozs41 cassia oil #a ozs41 clove oil #b dra*ms1 oil ( bitt] almonds #aj drops4 ,b5zo9 pomade4--,dige/ = sev]al h\rs 9 a wat] ba? at #afg ,f4 #f lbs4 ( l>d1 #b lbs4 ( beef-tall[1 & #a lbs4 ( pulv]iz$ b5zo91 & /ra9 (f ! fat4 ,d5sdorf pomade4--,ca/or oil #f lbs41 vasel9e #a lbs41 yell[ wax #a lb41 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 lemon oil #a ozs41 g]anium oil #d dra*ms4 ,ice pomade ,no4 #a4--;,be/ olive oil #f lbs41 :ite vasel9e & sp]maceti ea* #a lbs41 b]gamot oil #c ozs41 bitt] almond oil #aa dra*ms1 rose-g]anium oil #h dra*ms1 c9namon oil #e dra*ms4 ,ice pomade ,no4 #b4--;,fat almond oil #f lbs41 sp]maceti #a lbs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 citronella oil #ad dra*ms1 palma rose oil #b dra*ms4 ,family pomade 7r$74--,fre% l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #c lbs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 oils ( lemon1 lav5d]1 & c9namon ea* #ad dra*ms4 ,color ) alkann94 ,family pomade 7:ite74--,fre% l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #c lbs41 lemon oil #b ozs41 sweet orange oil #a ozs41 b]gamot oil #a oz4 ,family pomade 7rose color74--,fre% l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #c lbs41 palma-rose oil1 citronella oil1 & lav5d] oil ea* #a ozs4 ,color ) alkann94 ,family pomade 7yell[74--,fre% l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #c lbs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 cassia oil #ad dra*ms1 clove oil #h dra*ms1 ?yme oil #e dra*ms4 ,color ) l$]9 or annotto4 ,family pomade 7br[n74--,fre% l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #c lbs41 cassia oil #a ozs41 c>away oil #a oz41 sweet orange oil & clove oil ea* #aa dra*ms4 ,color br[n ) cocoa p[d]1 l$]91 or umb]4 ,/rawb]ry pomade4--,fre% ripe /rawb]ries #a lbs41 fre% l>d1 #f lbs41 fre% beef-tall[ #b lbs41 rose oil #e drops4 ,put ! /rawb]ries 9 a clean l95 bag1 & dige/ !m = "s "t ) ! fat 9 ! wat]-ba?4 ,!n mod]ately press ! /rawb]ries1 color ) alkann91 & f9ally p]fume4 ,f9e hair pomade4--,fre% l>d #h lbs41 cocoanut oil & wax ea* #a lb41 b]gamot oil #c ozs41 lemon oil #a ozs41 g]anium oil #e dra*ms1 musk t9cture #a dra*m4#bc #bc ,a pomade conta9+ musk _c be us$ by ev]yone1 s9ce 9 n]v\s p]sons x may readily cause heada*e4 ,pomade = promot+ ! gr[? ( ! hair4--,l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #b lbs41 t9cture ( can?>ides #aj ozs41 lemon oil #b ozs41 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 c9namon oil #a dra*ms4 ,heliotrope pomade1 f9e/ quality4--,l>d treat$ ) b5zo9 #f lbs41 beef tall[ treat$ ) b5zo9 #b lbs41 heliotrop9 #c dra*ms1 dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( ! fat heat$ to ab\t #aaa ,f42 n]oli oil #ce drops4 ,heliotrope pomade4--,fre% l>d #f lbs41 fre% beef tall[ #b lbs41 ,p]u balsam #b ozs41 cassia oil #a ozs41 clove oil #h dra*ms1 artificial bitt]-almond oil #a dra*ms4 ,jasm9e pomade4--,b5zoat$ l>d #f lbs41 b5zoat$ beef tall[ #b lbs41 fat jasm9e oil #b lbs41 rose oil #be drops4 ,emp]or pomade4--,melt toge!r #g lbs4 ( fre% olive oil1 #b lbs4 ( ca/or oil1 & #b lbs4 ( sp]maceti4 ,p]fume ) fat jasm9e oil #g ozs41 ,turki% rose oil & b]gamot oil ea* #b dra*ms1 n]oli oil #ej drops1 g]anium oil #bj drops1 orris-root oil #aj drops1 heliotrop9 dra*m1 & cum>9 #a_/aj dra*m4 ,dissolve ! heliotrop9 & cum>9 9 a portion ( ! fat heat$ to #aaa ,f41 add ! solution1 toge!r ) ! o!r p]fume-mat]ials1 to ! fat be=e x congeals1 !n p\r ! pomade into j>s & all[ x to cool sl[ly4 ,macass> pomade4--,ca/or oil #f lbs41 vasel9e #a lbs41 wax #a lb41 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 cassia oil & c9namon oil ea* #a oz41 rose-g]anium oil #b dra*ms4 ,portugal pomade4--,fre% l>d #d lbs41 :ite vasel9e #a lb41 wax #c ozs41 ,portugal oil #b ozs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 c>away oil #b dra*ms4 ,h]b pomade4--,melt toge!r fre% l>d #h lbs41 ,japanese wax & bayb]ry oil ea* #c ozs41 improve ! color ) *lorophyl1 & p]fume ) lemon oil #ad dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #aa dra*ms1 clove oil #e dra*ms1 g]anium oil #c dra*ms1 & a few drops ( curly m9t oil4 ,lanol9 pomade4--,b5zoat$ fat #d lbs41 b5zo9iz$ olive oil & lanol9 ea* #b lbs41 b]gamot oil #c ozs41 c9namon oil #g dra*ms1 clove oil #e dra*ms1 lav5d] oil #c dra*ms1 n]ol9 #a dra*m dissolv$ 9 a portion ( ! fat heat$ to #aaa ,f4 ,color r$ ) alkann94 ,ori5tal pomade4--,b5zoat$ l>d #f lbs41 b5zoat$ beef-tall[ #b lbs41 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 clove oil #a ozs41 n]oli oil #e dra*ms1 musk t9cture dra*m4 ,color r$ ) l$]94 ,p>aff9 ice pomade4--,ca/or oil or olive oil #f lbs41 p>aff9 #a lb41 b]gamot oil #c ozs41 palma rose oil #aa dra*ms4 ,n]oli pomade4--,b5zoat$ l>d #f lbs41 b5zoat$ beef-tall[ #b lbs41 fat jasm9e oil & fat rose oil ea* #a ozs41 oil ( bitt] almonds #b drops1 n]ol9 #a dra*ms dissolv$ 9 a small portion ( ! fat heat$ to #aaa ,f4 ,color pale yell[4 ,*eap pomade 7r$1 yell[1 :ite74--,l>d #e lbs41 beef-tall[ or cocoanut oil #b lbs41 p]fum$ ) ab\t #c ozs4 ( fruit e!r4 ,mignonette pomade4--,b5zoat$ l>d #d lbs41 b5zoat$ beef-tall[ & fat mignonette oil ea* #b lbs41 tolu-balsam t9cture #d ozs4 ,color pale gre5 ) *lorophyl4 ,ca/or oil pomade ,no4 #a4--,melt toge!r #d lbs4 ( ca/or oil & #aa ozs4 ( sp]maceti & p]fume ) b]gamot oil #b ozs41 & g]anium oil #f dra*ms4 ,ca/or oil pomade ,no4 #b4--;,ca/or oil & f9e olive oil ea* #b lbs41 yell[ wax #g ozs41 b]gamot oil & sweet orange oil ea* #ad dra*ms1 clove oil #h dra*ms1 n]oli oil #b dra*ms4 ,pr9cess pomade4--,fre% l>d #h lbs41 cocoa butt] & wax ea* #a lb41 b]gamot oil #c ozs41 lemon oil & lav5d] oil ea* #ad dra*ms1 n]oli oil #f dra*ms4 ,color rose color ) alkann94 ,f9e pomade4--,b5zoat$ l>d #f lbs41 b5zoat$ beef-tall[ #b lbs41 lemon oil #b ozs41 sweet orange oil #a ozs41 b]gamot oil #a oz4 ,color yell[ ) annotto4 ,beef-m>r[ pomade4--,melt toge!r #d lbs4 ( l>d & #a lb4 ( beef-m>r[1 or1 #d lbs ( l>d1 #ad ozs4 ( sp]maceti1 & #a ozs4 ( yell[ wax1 color yell[ & p]fume ) lemon oil #ad dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #f dra*ms1 & a few drops ( clove oil4 ,rog]s's pomade = produc+ a be>d4--,l>d #g lbs41 yell[ wax lb41 f9e can?>ides p[d] #aj ozs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 oils ( lemon1 c9namon & lav5d] ea* #aa dra*ms4 ,rose pomade4--,fre% l>d #f lbs41 fre% beef-tall[ #b lbs41 palma rosa oil #b ozs41 citronella oil #aa dra*ms1 alkann9 = color+ #a to #a ozs4 ,f9e rose pomade4--,fre% l>d #b lbs41 sp]maceti & fat almond oil1 ea* #c ozs41 rose g]anium oil #a ozs41 bitt] almond oil #a ozs4 ,f9e/ rose pomade4--,fat rose oil #b lbs41 sp]maceti #g ozs41 :ite wax #c ozs41 rose-g]anium oil #a ozs41 rose oil & b]gamot oil1 ea* dra*m4 ,color r$ ) alkann94 ,salicylic pomade4--,fre% l>d #g lbs41 :ite wax #a lb41 fat jasm9e oil #a lbs4 ,p]u balsam #e ozs41 salicylic acid #b ozs41 dissolv$ 9 alcohol #d ozs4 ,victoria pomade4--,melt toge!r #c lbs4 ( fat almond oil & #aj ozs4 ( :ite wax1 & p]fume ! mixture1 :5 q cool$ (f1 ) fat jasm9e oil lb41 rose oil & g]anium oil ea* #a dra*m4 ,color rose color ) alkann94 ,tonka pomade4--,l>d #g lbs41 sp]maceti lb41 cum>9 #d dra*ms1 dissolv$ 9 a small portion ( ! w>m fat4 ,f9e vanilla pomade4--,b5zoat$ l>d #f lbs41 beef-tall[ #b lbs41 vanilla #b dra*ms1 dissolv$ 9 a small portion ( ! w>m fat4 ,vanilla pomade4--,l>d & vasel9e ea* #b lbs41 wax #c ozs41 ,p]uvian balsam #a ozs41 bitt]-almond oil dra*m1 c9namon oil #bj drops4 ,violet pomade4--,l>d #d lbs41 vasel9e #b lbs41 wax #e ozs41 sp]maceti #a ozs41 fat orris-root oil #b lbs41 b]gamot oil #c dra*ms1 clove oil #b dra*ms1 c9namon oil dra*m1 rose oil dra*m4 ,walnut pomade4--,"w 9 a mort> to a uni=m pa/e lb4 ( fre% gre5 walnut-%ells & #b ozs4 ( alum4 ,dige/ ! pa/e ) #b lbs4 ( b5zo9iz$ l>d & tall[ 9 ! wat]-ba? until ! fat appe>s cle>4 ,!n /ra9 (f ! fat1 /ir until cold1 & p]fume ) #a dra*ms ( n]oli oil & dra*m ( rose oil4 ,,vasel9e ,,pomades4--,vasel9e pomades consi/+ nei!r ( an animal nor ( a vegetable fat1 b almo/ entirely ( a m9]al fat1 =m a special division ( pomades4 ,on acc\nt ( its good prop]ties & *eapness1 vasel9e1 :i* is obta9$ f petroleum residues1 etc41 has = sev]al ye>s pa/ be5 mu* us$ 9 ! prep>ation ( pomades4 ,! pomades prep>$ f vasel9e are n only v suitable = oil+ ! hair1 z !y nev] become rancid1 b may also advantage\sly be us$ z a rem$y = *app$ sk91 inflammation1 cuts1 burns1 etc4 ,= pomades odorless vasel9e has to be us$1 #a lb4 ( x requir+ ab\t #e to #h dra*ms ( p]fume4 ,l$]91 :i* has be5 previ\sly m5tion$1 is be/ suit$ = color+ ! pomades4 ,:5 us$ = pomades vasel9e1 ?\gh by itself suffici5t = ! purpose1 frequ5tly receives an addition ( p>aff91 wax 7mo/ly c]es971 & l>d4 ,to vasel9e pomades int5d$ = export to w>m climates1 an addition ( to c]es9 is requir$4 ,! foll[+ mixtures give good f\ndations = vasel9e pomade3-- ,i4 ,yell[ or :ite vasel9e #b p>ts1 p>aff9 #a4 ,,ii4 ,vasel9e #e p>ts1 p>aff9 or c]es9 #a4 ,,iii4 ,vasel9e #c p>ts1 c]es9 #a4 ,,iv4 ,vasel9e & l>d ea* #aj p>ts1 c]es9 #a4 ,! pomades are prep>$ by fir/ melt+ ! p>aff9 or c]es9 & !n sl[ly /irr+ 9 ! vasel9e4 ,:5 ! fat comm5ces to ?ick51 ! p]fume is add$ & ! pomade p\r$ into j>s or t9 boxes4 ,a few good receipts = vasel9e pomades are "h giv54 ,b\quet vasel9e pomade4--,:ite vasel9e & fre% l>d ea* #b lbs41 c]es9 #c ozs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 lav5d] oil #f dra*ms1 c9namon oil #e dra*ms1 n]oli oil #c dra*ms1 g]anium oil #b dra*ms4 ,family vasel9e pomade4--,pale yell[ vasel9e #aj lbs41 oils ( b]gamot & lemons ea* #a oz41 citronella oil #ab dra*ms1 cassia oil #h dra*ms1 lav5d] oil #d dra*ms1 clove oil #c dra*ms2 or1 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 palma-rose oil #a ozs41 lav5d] oil #e dra*ms4 ,lily ( ! valley vasel9e pomade4--,:ite vasel9e & fre% l>d ea* #b lbs41 c]es9 #c ozs41 b]gamot oil #a oz41 ylang-ylang oil #b dra*ms1 lic>i oil dra*m4 ,n]oli vasel9e pomade4--,vasel9e #aj lbs41 c]es9 #b lbs41 g]anium oil #a oz41 n]ol9 #c dra*ms1 dissolv$ 9 a small portion ( ! w>m fat4 ,mignonette vasel9e pomade4--,:ite vasel9e #b lbs41 p>aff9 #a lb41 b]gamot oil #i dra*ms1 n]oli oil #e dra*ms1 artificial bitt] almond oil #ae drops4 ,portugal vasel9e pomade4--,pale yell[ vasel9e #aj lbs41 c]es9 #c ozs41 ,portugal oil #b ozs41 cassia oil #a oz41 lav5d] oil #e dra*ms4 ,rose vasel9e pomade1 ,no4 #a4--,vasel9e #f lbs41 c]es9 #c ozs41 rose-g]anium oil #a ozs41 n]ol9 dra*m4 ,color$ ) l$]94 ,rose vasel9e pomade1 ,no4 #b4--,vasel9e & l>d ea* #b lbs41 c]es9 #g ozs41 g]anium oil #a ozs41 b]gamot oil #e dra*ms1 musk t9cture dra*m4 ,color r$ ) alkann94 ,f9e vasel9e pomade 7yell[74--,yell[ vasel9e & ca/or oil ea* #b lbs41 yell[ wax #g ozs41 lemon oil #a oz41 b]gamot oil #f dra*ms1 n]ol9 dra*m4 ,vasel9e pomade 7r$74--,:ite vasel9e #d lbs41 p>aff9 or c]es9 #ad ozs41 palma-rose oil1 citronella oil & lav5d] oil ea* #aa dra*ms4 ,color r$ ) l$]9 or alkann94 ,vasel9e pomade 7:ite74--,:ite vasel9e #d lbs41 p>aff9 #ad ozs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 cassia oil #b dra*ms1 ?yme oil #a dra*ms4 ,virg9ia vasel9e pomade4--,dige/ = "s "t 9 ! wat]-ba? #b lbs4 ( :ite vasel9e1 #b ozs4 ea* ( yell[ wax & pulv]iz$ b5zo91 & #aa dra*ms ( ,p]u balsam4 ,!n filt] & p]fume ) b]gamot oil #ad dra*ms1 citronella oil #a dra*ms4 ,?is pomade s]ves n only = pres]v+ ! scalp1 b is also a good rem$y = tett]1 cutane\s eruptions1 etc4 ,victoria vasel9e pomade4--,:ite vasel9e #e lbs41 p>aff9 #a lb41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 rose-g]anium oil #a oz41 lav5d] #h dra*ms4 ,color r$ ) alkann9 or l$]94 ,extra f9e vasel9e pomade4--,:ite vasel9e #d lbs41 c]es9 #aj ozs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 lemon oil #i dra*ms1 palm>osa oil #b dra*ms4 ,/ick pomades4--,besides ! s(t1 unctu\s pomades ?us f> treat$ (1 we h a solid product--! s-call$ /ick-pomades4 ,^! pomades1 :i* s]ve = ! bett] fa/5+ ( ! hair1 are br\ght into comm]ce ei!r z wax pomades or res9 pomades1 ! =m] be+ prep>$ f a mixture ( l>d1 tall[1 & wax1 & ! latt] f tall[1 wax1 & res91 to :i* "s ,v5etian turp5t9e may be add$4 ,! foll[+ mixtures give good f\ndations = /ick pomades3-- ,i4 ,fr5* fl[] pomade #d p>ts1 :ite wax #a4 ,,ii4 ,fre% beef tall[ #c p>ts1 fre% l>d #a1 wax #a4 ,,iii4 ,be/ beef tall[ #e p>ts1 yell[ wax #a4 ,,iv4 ,tall[ #aj p>ts1 wax #b1 res9 #a1 ,v5etian turp5t9e 4 ,v4 ,tall[ #h p>ts1 res9 1 c]es9 4 ,,vi4 ,tall[ #d p>ts1 pale res9 #a1 yell[ wax 4 ,,vii4 ,tall[ #aj p>ts1 wax #b1 pale res9 #a4 ,,viii4 ,olive oil #b p>ts1 pure /e>9 #a1 yell[ wax #a4 ,,ix4 ,tall[ #i p>ts1 c]es9 4 ,x4 ,be/ beef-tall[ #aj p>ts1 yell[ wax #a4 ,! usual process ( manufactur+ /ick-pomade is z foll[s3 ,melt ! fat1 wax & res9 9 ! wat]-ba?1 !n /ra9 ! mixture & cool x (f by con/ant /irr+ until a ?9 film is =m$ ^u ! surface4 ,!n p]fume & p\r into t9 m\lds ( oval1 r\nd or squ>e =m & ( v>i\s sizes4 ,a doz5 ( su* t9 m\lds ( ! same size are g5]ally sold]$ toge!r & are provid$ bel[ ei!r ) a h+$ piece1 or !y are op54 ,9 ! latt] case !y are plac$ ^u a t9 support ) a high edge :i* s]ves = ! reception = ! fat escap+ f any ( ! m\lds4 ,! cold pomades are pu%$ out by means ( /icks ( wood fitt+ exactly into ! m\lds4 ,!y are !n wrapp$ 9 t9foil1 labell$ & br\ght into comm]ce4 ,/ick-pomades are ei!r :ite1 rose color1 yell[1 br[n or black2 alkann91 l$]91 umb]1 ,frank=t black1 etc41 be+ us$ z color+ sub/ances4 ,9 ! foll[+ "s receipts = wax & res9 pomades are giv53-- ,rose-wax pomade4--,be/ tall[ #f lbs41 be/ l>d #b lbs41 :ite-wax #c lbs41 color$ ) alkann94 ,p]fume3 ,lemon oil #a oz41 lav5d] oil #ad dra*ms1 g]anium oil #aa dra*ms1 clove oil #f dra*ms2 or1 b]gamot oil #a oz41 oils ( g]anium1 cassia & ,portugal1 ea* #aj dra*ms1 clove oil #c dra*ms4 ,black-wax pomade4--,be/ tall[ #aj lbs41 yell[ wax #a lbs41 color$ ) ,frank=t black4 ,p]fume3 ,b]gamot oil #c ozs41 cassia oil #ac dra*ms2 or1 b]gamot oil #c ozs41 citronella oil #f dra*ms4 ,blonde wax pomade4--,be/ tall[ #f lbs41 be/ l>d #b lbs41 :ite or yell[ wax #c lbs4 ,p]fume3 ,clove oil #a ozs41 lemon oil1 b]gamot oil & ,p]u balsam ea* #ad dra*ms2 or1 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 cassia oil #e dra*ms1 ?yme oil #b dra*ms4 ,br[n wax pomade4--,be/ tall[ #aj lbs41 yell[ wax #b lbs41 color$ ) umb]4 ,p]fume3 ,citronella oil #b ozs41 clove oil #ab dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #h dra*ms1 anise-se$ oil #f dra*ms2 or1 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 cassia oil #a ozs41 clove oil #e dra*ms4 ,*eap-wax pomade 7color z desir$74--,be/ tall[ #i lbs41 c]es9 lb4 ,p]fume3 ,lav5d] oil #a ozs41 cassia oil #a oz41 palma-rose oil #aa dra*ms2 or1 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 palm>osa oil #a oz41 lav5d] oil oz4 ,res9 pomade ,no4 #a4--;,be/ tall[ #aj lbs41 yell[ wax #b lbs41 pale res9 #a lb4 ,p]fume3 ,b]gamot oil #a ozs41 cassia oil #ad dra*ms1 lav5d] oil #aa dra*ms1 clove oil #h dra*ms1 ?yme oil #e dra*ms4 ,res9 pomade ,no4 #b4--;,be/ tall[ #aj lbs41 yell[ wax #b lbs41 pale res9 #a lb41 ,v5etian turp5t9e #d ozs4 ,p]fume3 ,cassia oil #b ozs41 lav5d] oil #a oz41 lemon-grass oil #aa dra*ms1 clove oil & ?yme oil ea* #e dra*ms4 ,*eap res9 pomade4--,be/ tall[ #h lbs41 pale res9 & pale c]es9 ea* #ac ozs4 ,p]fume3 ,b]gamot oil #c ozs41 cassia oil #i dra*ms1 ?yme oil #e dra*ms2 or1 ,portugal oil #b ozs41 cassia oil #a oz41 lav5d] oil #e dra*ms4 ,,hair ,,oils4--,l pomades1 hair oils are p]fum$ ei!r ) volatile oils or by treatm5t ) l>g] quantities ( fre% fl[]s4 ,! oils obta9$ 9 ! latt] mann] are kn[n z ,huiles antiques1 & are ! f9e/ & mo/ exp5sive4 ,vasel9e oil1 :i* is *eap & does n become rancid1 is also at pres5t mu* us$ z hair oil4 ,to make ! fat oils us$ z hair oils m durable & to protect !m f becom+ rancid1 !y are also treat$ ) b5zo94 ,= ?is purpose dige/ = ?ree h\rs1 ) frequ5t /irr+1 9 ! wat]-ba? #ajj lbs4 ( ! oil ) #a lb4 ( pulv]iz$ b5zo94 ,) ! exception ( alkann9 = r$-color$ oil & *lorophyl = h]b oils1 no color+ sub/ances are us$ = hair oils4 ,ab\t #e to #h dra*ms ( p]fume are requir$ = #a lb4 ( oil4 ,! ,huiles antiques are obta9$ z foll[s3-- ,huile antique la rose4--,extract 9 ! cold #a lb4 ( fre% rose leaves ) #a lb4 ( be/ olive oil1 & ) ! oil press$ (f1 extract1 six times 9 succession1 equal quantities ( fre% leaves1 leav+ ! rose-leaves ea* "t 9 contact ) ! oil = #aj to #ab h\rs4 ,! oil1 :5 suffici5tly p]fum$1 is filt]$4 ,huile antique au jasm94--,extract 9 ! mann] above giv5 #a lb4 ( fre% jasm9 fl[]s ) #a lb4 ( olive oil4 ,9 ! same mann] ! p]fume ( ! diff]5t fl[]s c be )drawn & utiliz$4 ,a numb] ( receipts = ! mo/ popul> hair oils are "h giv54 ,alp9e h]b oil4--,color slightly ) *lorophyl #aj lbs4 ( be/ quality ( olive oil & p]fume ) pepp]m9t oil #b ozs41 lav5d] oil #a oz41 c>away oil #f dra*ms4 ,fl[] hair oil4--,color slightly ) alkann9 #aj lbs4 ( b5zoat$ olive oil ( be/ quality1 & p]fume ) g]anium oil #b ozs41 b]gamot oil & lav5d] oil ea* #i dra*ms1 petit-gra9 oil #d dra*ms1 & angelica oil #e drops4 ,p]uvian b>k hair oil4--,extract = "s "t #a lb4 ( pulv]iz$ ,p]uvian b>k ) #aj lbs4 ( /rongly heat$ b5zo9iz$ olive oil4 ,!n color ! oil r$ ) alkann91 & :5 cold1 p]fume ) b]gamot oil #a ozs41 lemon oil #ad dra*ms1 rose-g]anium oil #b dra*ms1 n]oli oil dra*m1 & c9namon oil #e drops2 or1 ) b]gamot oil #b ozs41 lemon oil #a oz41 g]anium oil #c dra*ms4 ,p]u hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 ,p]u balsam #c ozs41 cassia oil #aa dra*ms4 ,burdock root hair oil ,no4 #a4--;,dige/ at a mod]ate heat #h lbs4 ( olive oil or sesame oil ) #b lbs4 ( fre% burdock roots2 !n p\r (f ! oil f ! roots1 add #g ozs4 ( ca/or oil1 color ) alkann91 & p]fume ) b]gamot oil #b ozs4 & palma-rose oil #a oz4 ,burdock root hair oil ,no4 #b4--;,color #aj lbs4 ( b5zoat$ olive oil pale gre5 ) *lorophyl1 & p]fume ) b]gamot oil #b ozs41 g]anium oil #a ozs41 & lav5d] oil #aa dra*ms4 ,macass> hair oil ,no4 #a4--;,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 g]anium oil & lemon oil ea* #a ozs41 cassia oil #ad dra*ms4 ,color r$ ) alkann94 ,macass> oil ,no4 #b4--;,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 color$ ) alkann91 & p]fum$ ) b]gamot oil #a ozs41 lemon oil #a ozs41 c9namon oil #a dra*m1 musk ess5ce #a dra*m4 ,n]oli hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 n]ol9 #e dra*ms dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( w>m oil1 rose oil #aj drops4 ,mignonette hair oil ,no4 #a4--;,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 cassia oil #a ozs41 g]anium oil & tolu-balsam t9cture ea* #aa dra*ms1 n]ol9 #a dra*m1 dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( w>m oil4 ,mignonette hair oil ,no4 #b4--;,b5zoat$ olive oil #d lbs41 fat mignonette oil #c lbs41 tolu-balsam t9cture #c ozs4 ,f9e hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 lemon oil #a ozs41 b]gamot oil #ae dra*ms1 lav5d] oil #c dra*ms1 n]oli oil #b dra*ms1 rosem>y oil #a dra*ms1 petit-gra9 oil #a dra*m4 ,*eap hair oil 7r$ or yell[74--,sesame oil or purifi$ colza oil #aj lbs41 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 citronella oil #a ozs41 mirbane oil #aj dra*ms2 or1 ,portugal oil #b ozs41 cassia oil #a oz41 lav5d] oil #e dra*ms4 ,portugal hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 ,portugal oil #b ozs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 c>away oil #c dra*ms4 ,jasm9e hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 fat jasm9e oil #a lbs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 clove oil #aa dra*ms1 rose-g]anium oil #d dra*ms1 n]ol9 #a dra*m1 dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( w>m oil1 ?yme oil dra*m4 ,vasel9e hair oil ,no4 #a4--,:ite vasel9e oil #h lbs41 :ite olive oil #b lbs41 color$ r$ ) alkann91 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 lav5d] oil & lemon oil ea* #aa dra*ms1 n]oli oil #e dra*ms4 ,vasel9e hair oil ,no4 #b4--,yell[ vasel9e oil #h lbs41 olive oil #b lbs41 cassia oil #a ozs41 lemon-grass oil #a oz41 clove oil oz4 ,vanilla hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 vanill91 dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( w>m oil1 & ,p]u balsam1 ea* #e dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #a dra*m1 musk t9cture #aj drops4 ,ylang-ylang hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #e lbs41 ylang-ylang oil #b dra*ms1 rose oil #a dra*m1 n]oli oil #aj drops4 ,philocome hair oil4--,melt toge!r b5zoat$ olive oil & yell[ wax ea* #b lbs41 & :5 ab\t half cold1 add fat orris-root oil & fat jasm9e oil1 ea* #a lbs41 rose-g]anium oil #a dra*m1 & /ir until cold4 ,sultana hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 color$ r$ ) alkann91 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 lav5d] oil #h dra*ms1 c9namon oil #g dra*ms1 n]oli oil #e dra*ms1 g]anium oil #c dra*ms1 musk t9cture #a dra*m4 ,rose hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 color$ pale r$ ) alkann91 g]anium oil #b ozs41 b]gamot oil #a oz41 cassia oil #ad dra*ms4 ,tonka hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 cum>9 #aj dra*ms1 dissolv$ 9 a small quantity ( w>m oil4 ,violet hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 fat orris-root oil #c lbs41 b]gamot oil #f dra*ms1 clove oil #c dra*ms1 c9namon oil #a dra*m1 rose oil dra*m4 ,victoria hair oil4--,b5zoat$ olive oil #aj lbs41 slightly color$ ) alkann91 palma-rose oil1 lav5d] oil1 & citronella oil ea* #a oz41 musk t9cture #a dra*ms4 ,*eap hair oil ,no4 #a4--,sunfl[] oil #ejj dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #c1 rosem>y oil #a1 lemon oil #a1 n]oli & ?yme oil ea* 4 ,*eap hair oil ,no4 #b4--,sunfl[] oil #ejj dra*ms1 lemon oil #b1 rosem>y oil #c1 lav5d] oil #e1 g]anium oil #a1 musk t9cture 1 ?yme oil #a4 ,,b&ol9es4--,b&ol9es are mucilag9\s liquids1 & are prep>$ f sub/ances =m+ mucilage1 su* z gum-tragacan?1 gum-arabic1 ,japanese gelat9e1 qu9ce se$s1 flaxse$1 etc4 ,gum-arabic adh]+ v firmly1 its use1 h[ev]1 _c be recomm5d$4 ,! sub/ances above m5tion$ are heat$ ) wat] until ! mucilag9\s matt] is extract$4 ,! latt] is !n /ra9$ ?r\gh a clo?1 & ! mucilag9\s1 ?ick1 transp>5t liquid ?us obta9$ p]fum$4 ,volatile oils dissolv+ ) difficulty 9 ! liquid1 an ,extrait is g5]ally us$ = p]fum+1 or an aromatic wat] = dissolv+ ! gums4 ,if ! b&ol9e is to be color$1 an ammoniacal c>m9e solution is to be us$4 ,anil9e colors %\ld n be employ$ = ! purpose1 s9ce !y precipitate ^u ! scalp & hair1 ev5 if only traces ( !m are pres5t4 ,b&ol9es are n v durable2 _! keep+ prop]ties may1 h[ev]1 be improv$ by ! addition ( b5zoic or boric acid4 ,rose b&ol9e4--,gum-tragacan? #a lb41 rose wat] #g lbs4 ,br+ ! pulv]iz$ gum-tragacan? into a suitable e>!nw>e or enamell$ vessel1 p\r ! rose wat] ov] x1 & let x /& 9 a "r w>m place until by ! swell+ ( ! gum a ?ick mucilage is =m$4 ,if ! latt] is to rema9 :ite1 x is fir/ /ra9$ ?r\gh a co>se l95 clo? & !n ?r\gh a f9] "o2 if1 h[ev]1 ! b&ol9e is to be rose color1 triturate 9 a mort> #a to #a dra*ms ( be/ c>m9e ) z little ammonia z possible1 & di/ribute ?is color+ matt] 9 ! mucilage4 ,= ! reception ( ! b&ol9e j>s ) a suffici5tly wide m\? = ! index f+] to rea* to ! bottom are be/4 ,almond b&ol9e4--,all[ #e lbs4 ( rose wat] & #a ozs4 ( qu9ce se$ to /&1 ) frequ5t %ak+1 = #bd h\rs4 ,!n /ra9 & p]fume ) #b dra*ms ( bitt] almond oil4 ,,brilliant9e4--,brilliant9e is v popul> = giv+ lu/re to ! hair ( ! head & ! be>d1 & 9 fact1 if correctly prep>$1 x has _m advantages1 s9ce1 ow+ to its composition1 x consid]ably decreases1 ev5 if x does n entirely prev5t1 ! =mation ( ! annoy+ d&ruff4 ,fl[] brilliant9e ,no4 #a4--;,*emically pure glyc]9 #a ozs41 alcoholic extract ,no4 #b f ,fr5*-fl[] pomade ,no4 #bd #aj ozs41 ,fr5* huile antique z mu* z requir$4 ,vigor\sly %ake ! glyc]9 & alcoholic pomade extract 9 a glass flask until a uni=m fluid is =m$1 :i* %\ld be cle> z wat]4 ,to give x1 h[ev]1 an oily appe>ance1 c>efully mix ) x a little s&]s-wood t9cture & turm]ic t9cture4 ,fill ! brilliant9e glasses half full ) ! above mixture & fill up ! glasses ) ,fr5* huile antique ( ! same fl[]-p]fume z ! respective alcoholic fl[]-pomade extract1 b d n %ake1 ?is be+ done only :5 us$4 ,ow+ to ! cont5t ( glyc]91 :i*1 z well kn[n1 is non-volatile1 ! consumption ( ?is brilliant9e is v economical1 :ile x is made v agreeable by ! f9e ,fr5* fl[] p]fumes4 ,if x is desir$ to prep>e ! brilliant9e at less co/1 pure alcohol may be sub/itut$ = ! pomade extract & any p]fum$ hair oil = ! ,fr5* huile antique4 ,brilliant9e ,no4 #b4--;,= brilliant9e ( quality ,,ii1 ! glasses are fir/ fill$ half full ) p]fum$ hair oil & !n fill$ up ) non-p]fum$ alcohol slightly color$ ) s&]s-wood t9cture or turm]ic t9cture4 ,glyc]9 is n us$1 &1 h5ce1 9 ?is case ! oil w be on ! bottom & ! alcohol1 be+ light]1 on top4 ,?is brilliant9e1 conta9+ no glyc]91 is n s economical z ! prec$+4 ,x evaporates q rapidly & sometimes makes ! hair h>d1 especially t ( p]sons hav+ naturally dry hair4 ,h[ev]1 ?is second quality is also q popul> & ! p]fum] mu/ satisfy ! dem&s ( 8 cu/om]s z mu* z possible4 ,brilliant9e ,no4 #c4--;,ca/or oil #aj lbs41 pure alcohol #e lbs41 ,portugal oil #g ozs41 clove oil #a ozs41 petit-gra9 oil #a oz41 cassia oil #a oz41 citronella oil #aa dra*ms4 ,mix ! alcohol & ca/or oil 9 a glass-flask1 !n add ! volatile oils & %ake vigor\sly4 ,if ! ca/or oil is pure & g5u9e1 x =ms an intimate mixture ) ! alcohol2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 traces ( oil appe> on ! surface ( ! fluid1 ! ca/or oil is adult]at$ ) o!r fat oils & unsuitable = ?is purpose4 ,! ca/or oil %\ld also be z fre% z possible &1 "u no conditions1 rancid4 ,if ?is brilliant9e is desir$ ( a some:at yell[i% color1 ! object may be atta9$ by ! addition ( s&]s-wood t9cture or turm]ic t9cture4 ,t ?is brilliant9e is ( an inf]ior quality is %[n by its composition4 ,x has ! fur!r disadvantage t x pla/]s ! hair1 especially :5 ! ca/or oil becomes old4 ,h[ev]1 !re are consum]s ) :om ?is quality is q popul>4 ,! foll[+ =mulas = brilliant9e are tak5 f v>i\s s\rces3-- ,i4 ,veal fat #d ozs41 sp]maceti #b ozs41 ca/or oil #ab ozs41 oil ( bitt] almonds #a drop1 oil ( cloves #aj drops1 oil ( b]gamot #bj drops4 ,melt toge!r ! fir/ ?ree +r$i5ts1 & add ! p]fumes :5 ne>ly cold4 ,,ii4 ,almond oil #b lbs41 sp]maceti lb41 oil ( lemon #c ozs4 ,melt ! sp]maceti at a l[ temp]ature2 add ! oil & heat until all flakes disappe>4 ,let ! j>s into :i* x is to be p\r$ be w>m1 & !n cool z sl[ly z possible to insure good cry/als4 ,! foll[+1 al?\gh some:at peculi>1 is (f]$ z a good brilliant9e3-- ,,iii4 ,honey #a fluid oz41 glyc]9 & ,cologne wat] ea* fluid oz41 alcohol #b fluid ozs4 ,mix4 ,,hair ,,tonics4--,hair tonics s]ve = cleans+ & invigorat+ ! scalp & = prev5t+ ! hair f fall+ out4 ,glyc]9 hav+ a b5eficial effect ^u ! scalp is mu* us$ z "o ( ! con/itu5ts4 ,! tonics also frequ5tly conta9 +r$i5ts said to promote ! gr[? ( ! hair1 su* z ,p]uvian b>k extract1 qu99e1 t9cture ( can?>ides1 & sub/ances conta9+ tann94 ,hair tonics conta9+ t9cture ( can?>ides %\ld1 h[ev]1 n be too frequ5tly us$1 z o!rwise an excessive /imulation ( ! scalp might be ! result1 :i* w\ld be m injuri\s ?an b5eficial to ! gr[? ( ! hair4 ,"s receipts = hair tonics are "h giv54 ,eau ,a?ni5ne4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #h qu>ts1 vanilla t9cture #a lb41 cum>9 t9cture #g ozs41 b]gamot oil #c ozs41 rose-g]anium oil #aa dra*ms1 clove oil #ad dra*ms4 ,aft] #h days1 add #a qu>t ( rose wat] & mix ?or\ghly4 ,florida wat] ,no4 #a4--;,alcohol #ej qu>ts1 be/ lav5d] oil #c lbs41 b]gamot oil #a lb41 ,african rose-g]anium oil lb41 t9ctures ( s&]s-wood & turm]ic ea* #aa dra*ms1 di/ill$ wat] #af qu>ts4 ,! alcohol1 volatile oils1 & t9ctures are intimately mix$ 9 a glass balloon1 !n all[$ to /& two to ?ree weeks :5 ! di/ill$ wat] is add$ & ! :ole vigor\sly agitat$4 ,aft] add+ ! wat] ! fluid becomes v turbid & requires sev]al weeks to cl>ify4 ,x is !n filt]$ ?r\gh pap]4 ,if1 not)/&+ filt]+1 x %\ld rema9 some:at turbid1 br+ a small quantity ( c>bonate ( magnesia ^u ! filt]4 ,florida wat] ,no4 #b4--;,alcohol #be qu>ts1 lav5d] oil #g ozs41 palm>osa oil #h ozs41 ,portugal oil & r$ ?yme oil ea* #c ozs41 t9ctures ( s&]s-wood & turm]ic ea* #e dra*ms1 ra9-wat] #aj qu>ts4 ,proce$ 9 ! same mann] z giv5 = ,florida wat] ,no4 #a4 ,eau de ,cologne hair tonic4--,alcohol #h qu>ts1 oils ( b]gamot & lemons ea* #a ozs41 lav5d] oil #aa dra*ms1 rosem>y oil #e dra*ms1 glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #c ozs4 ,aft] #h days add #g ozs4 ( bic>bonate ( soda dissolv$ 9 #b qu>ts ( di/ill$ wat]4 ,eau de qu99e4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #bj qu>ts1 t9ctures ( gall-nuts & ,p]uvian b>k ea* #b qu>ts1 vanilla t9cture #a qu>t1 b]gamot oil #g ozs41 ,african rose-g]anium oil #c ozs41 clove oil #ad dra*ms1 glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #c lbs41 ,panama wood #d lbs41 boil$ ) filt]$ ra9-wat] #ab qu>ts1 bic>bonate ( soda #a lb4 dissolv$ 9 #a qu>t ( wat]4 ,! alcohol1 t9ctures1 & volatile oils are br\ght into a glass balloon & aft] vigor\s agitation all[$ to /& #h days = ! volatile oils to dissolve4 ,! decoction ( ,panama wood is !n add$1 next ! bic>bonate ( soda solution1 & f9ally ! :ole is ?or\ghly agitat$4 ,! ,panama-wood decoction %\ld n be add$ :ile hot1 z o!rwise ! glass balloon might bur/4 ,color ! wat] ) co*9eal t9cture or h5na t9cture4 ,eau de qu99e 7imitation74--,alcohol #be qu>ts1 vanilla t9cture ,no4 #b1 #b qu>ts1 ,portugal oil #a lb41 palm>osa oil #h ozs41 clove oil #c ozs41 glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #c lbs41 ,panama wood #c lbs41 boil$ 9 ra9-wat] #bj qu>ts1 bic>bonate ( soda #a lb41 dissolv$ 9 ra9-wat] #a qu>t4 ,proce$ 9 ! mann] giv5 = g5u9e ,eau de qu99e4 ,color ) h5na t9cture4 ,honey wat]4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #h qu>ts1 orris-root t9cture #a qu>t1 angelica t9cture #a lb41 tonka-bean extract #a ozs41 turm]ic t9cture1 z color+ matt]1 #e dra*ms1 ,portugal oil #g ozs41 lemon oil #a ozs41 citronella oil #e dra*ms4 ,aft] #h days add #a lit] ( orange-fl[] wat]4 ,glyc]9 hair tonic4--,glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #a qu>t1 borax #a oz41 rose wat] #b qu>ts1 alcohol #d ozs41 oils ( petit-gra9 & cloves ea* #b dra*ms1 rosem>y oil #d dra*ms4 ,dissolve ! borax 9 ! wat]1 ! p]fume 9 ! alcohol1 & mix all toge!r4 ,x %\ld be cle>4 ,color yell[1 if desir$1 ) saffron t9cture4 ,eau lu/ral 7hair re/orative74--,ca/or oil #b qu>ts1 l9se$ oil & t9cture ( can?>ides ea* #d ozs41 alcohol #ac qu>ts1 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 lemon oil #a oz41 clove oil oz41 n]oli oil #b dra*ms4 ,mix ! two fat oils & dissolve !m 9 ! alcohol by agitation4 ,!n add ! t9cture ( can?>ides & ! p]fumes1 & color r$ ) co*9eal t9cture or h5na t9cture4 ,tea hair tonic4--,bay rum #b ozs41 glyc]9 #b ozs41 alcohol #b ozs41 infusion ( black tea #aj ozs4 ,mix & p]fume to suit4 ,! tea infusion %\ld be made v /rong1 say #a oz4 ( be/ tea 7be/ quality7 to #aj ozs4 ( boil+ wat]1 let /& till cool1 /ra91 & add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,locock's lotion = ! hair4--,express$ oil ( nutmeg #e fluid ozs41 olive oil & /rong] wat] ( ammonia ea* #bj fluid ozs41 _s ( rosem>y #dj fluid ozs41 rose wat] suffici5t to make #bj p9ts4 ,! above %\ld be mix$ ) skill1 be/ by gradually p\r+ ! comb9$ oils1 ) con/ant /irr+1 into ! /rong] wat] ( ammonia1 previ\sly dilut$ ) ! _s1 & aft]w>ds sl[ly incorporat+ ! rose wat]4 ,%ampoo lotion4--,new ,engl& rum #a p9t1 bay rum #ab ozs41 glyc]9 #b ozs41 c>bonate ( ammonium #a oz41 borax #b ozs4 ,%ampoo liquid4--,! readie/ ag5t to produce a good la!r ^u ! hair ( ! head is a solution ( potassa or soda or a dilute wat] ( ammonia4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 ow+ to its p5etrat+ odor1 is n usually lik$4 ,! foll[+ comb9ations w be f\nd s]viceable3-- ,i4 ,solution ( potassa #d fluid ozs41 borax #a oz41 bay rum fluid oz41 t9cture ( quillaga fluid oz41 wat] en\gh to make #af fluid ozs4 ,?is may be sc5t$ accord+ to ta/e4 ,,ii4 ,fre% eggs #c1 _s ( soap #a fluid ozs41 c>bonate ( potassium #afj gra9s1 wat] ( ammonia #afj drops1 oil-sug> ( cum>9 #h gra9s1 oils ( rose & b]gamot ea* #b drops1 ,fr5* g]anium oil #a drop1 almond oil #a drop1 rose wat] #bg fluid ozs4 ,?or\ghly beat ! #c eggs1 & !n dilute ) ! rose wat]4 ,!n add ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,oil-sug> ( cum>9 is prep>$ by triturat+ #a "p ( cum>9 ) #iii p>ts ( sug> ( milk4 ,d&ruff cures4--,i4 ,o9tm5t ( nitrate ( m]cury #a dra*m1 petrolatum #g dra*ms4 ,mix4 ,cut ! hair %ort & keep well bru%$1 & apply ! o9tm5t e night = a =tnight4 ,,ii4 ,r$ oxide ( m]cury #aj gra9s1 ammoniat$ m]cury #aj gra9s1 petrolatum #a oz4 ,mix1 & apply e night4 ,,iii4 ,corrosive sublimate #cj gra9s1 glyc]9 #e fluid ozs41 ,cologne wat] #e fluid ozs41 wat] suffici5t to make #ae fluid ozs4 ,mix to make lotion ,no4 #a4 ,beta naph?ol #abj gra9s1 alcohol #bj fluid ozs4 ,mix to make lotion ,no4 #b4 ,salicylic acid #abj gra9s1 comp\nd t9cture ( b5zo9 #bj fluid dra*ms1 olive oil #aj fluid ozs4 ,mix to make lotion ,no4 #c4 ,wa% ! head ?or\ghly ) t]eb5e soap1 r9se well1 & dry ?or\ghly2 !n rub 9 "s ( solution ,no4 #a & all[ to dry1 !n use ,no4 #b 9 a l mann]1 & f9ally apply ,no4 #c4 ,! treatm5t %\ld be c>ri$ out daily = a mon?1 & !n e alt]nate day = a =tnight4 ,! d&ruff disappe>s 9 a few days1 & ! hair 9 a %ort "t becomes vigor\s & supple4 ,d&ruff lotion4--,*loral hydrate #a dra*m1 glyc]9 #d dra*ms1 bay rum #h ozs4 ,bay rum4--,g5u9e bay rum1 z br\ght into comm]ce f ,/4 ,?omas1 is said to be prep>$ by twice di/ill+ a f9e quality ( rum ) ! leaves & b]ries ( ,myrcia acris or ! bayb]ry tree4 ,! b]ries are mu* ri*] 9 volatile oil ?an ! leaves1 b on acc\nt ( ! height ( ! trees1 ! ga!r+ ( ! b]ries is connect$ ) s _m difficulties & ! h>ve/ s scanty1 t ! manufactur]s pref] to mix leaves & b]ries 9 a c]ta9 proportion4 ,! foll[+ directions = prep>+ bay rum are giv5 9 ,s*immel ,co4's reports3-- ,i4 ,alcohol ( #ie p] c5t4 #d lbs41 wat] #d lbs41 bay oil #e dra*ms1 pim5to oil #b dra*ms1 clove oil #aj drops4 ,mix1 let /& = sev]al days & filt]4 ,,ii4 ,alcohol ( #ie p] c5t4 #d lbs41 bay oil #ae dra*ms4 ,mix1 let /& = #b weeks1 & !n add #h lbs4 ( be/ ,jamaica rum4 ,?is bay rum is said to be equal to ! import$4 ,ano!r receipt = bay rum is z foll[s3-- ,,iii4 ,alcohol ( #ie p] c5t4 #a qu>t1 rectifi$ _s ( #fj p] c5t4 #ad qu>ts1 bay oil #a oz41 loaf sug> #d ozs4 ,beat up ! sug> ) ! oil & add ! alcohol2 !n ! _s1 & f9ally filt]4 ,mi]z9ski gives ! foll[+ =mul = bay rum3-- ,,iv4 ,alcohol #h ozs41 oil ( bay #dj drops1 oil ( mace #a gra91 oil ( orange #bj drops1 ,jamaica rum #a oz41 wat] en\gh to make #af ozs4 ,dige/ #b or #c weeks1 & filt] ?r\gh magnesia4 ,v4 ,alcohol #h ozs41 oil ( bay #b dra*ms1 oil ( cloves #a drop1 mace #bj gra9s1 wat] w>m$ to #hj ,f4 to make #ab ozs4 ,dissolve ! oils 9 ! alcohol1 dige/ ! mace 9 ! solution = a few days1 filt] & add ! wat]4 ,! :ole is all[$ to /&1 ) occasional agitation1 = sev]al days1 & filt]$ ?r\gh magnesia4 ,,vi4 ,jamaica rum #cf ozs41 #ie p] c5t4 alcohol #cf ozs41 oil ( bay oz41 oil ( pim5to #a drop1 acetic e!r #d drops4 ,all[ to /& at lea/ #c weeks be=e us+4 ,,hair ,,dyes4--,! requirem5ts ( a good hair-dye are t x c be readily appli$1 t x conta9s no injuri\s sub/ances1 & t ! coloration be z natural & durable z possible4 ,^! dem&s are difficult to fulfil1 & x _c be said t !re is "o ( ! ord9>y hair dyes :i* 9 e respect comes up to !m4 ,black hair dyes give ! mo/ natural coloration1 b ! peculi> %ade ( blue-black hair _c be imitat$4 ,! m$ium colors1 light br[n & blonde1 are ! lea/ natural4 ,mo/ dyes all[ ( rapid coloration1 ?\gh1 9 ord] to make ! deception m complete1 a gradual coloration is by _m p]sons pref]r$4 ,su* gradual1 ?\gh only v slightly d>k] coloration1 is atta9$ by ! use ( hair oils & c]ta9 animal fats conta9+ a slight cont5t ( sulphur or iron1 su* z fre%ly express$ egg oil & neat's-foot oil4 ,x 0 =m]ly believ$ t egg oil1 if us$ 9 "t1 w\ld ev5 prev5t ! hair f turn+ gray4 ,! gradual d>k5+ ( ! hair may also be effect$ by ag5ts1 :i* are conv]t$ into color$ comb9ations only by ! atmosph]ic oxyg5 or ! cont5t ( sulphur 9 ! hair1 su* z extract f nut %ells1 tann91 pyrogallic acid & _m metals1 ! latt] *iefly 9 ! =m ( pomades or hair oil4 ,dilute acids us$ = "s "t make ! hair some:at light]4 ,mo!rs wi%+ to keep ! hair ( _! *ildr5 blonde1 avoid oils1 & frequ5tly wa% ! heads ( ! *ildr5 ) v9eg> or lemon juice4 ,no coloration is1 h[ev]1 durable2 x becomes 9 ! c\rse ( "t gradually weak]1 & ! new gr[? ( hair always requires aft]-coloration4 ,= dye+ ! hair metallic salts are *iefly employ$4 ,ow+ to _! poison\s action ! use ( lead salts = ! purpose is prohibit$ 9 "s c\ntries1 = in/ance1 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria4 ,silv] is us$ 9 ! =m ( nitrate ( silv] 7lun> cau/ic74 ,9 ! pres5ce ( organic sub/ances1 z well z "u ! influ5ce ( light1 ?is comb9ation is r$uc$1 metallic silv] 9 small black gra9s be+ sep>at$4 ,silv] salts also give a black precipitate ( silv] sulphide ) sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,by simply moi/5+ ! hair ) silv] solution !y become br[n to br[n-black1 ! coloration appe>+ m rapidly by previ\sly treat+ ! hair ) pyrogallic acid1 or1 aft] ! application ( ! silv] solution1 ) sulphydrate ( sodium or potassium4 ,! colorations produc$ ) nitrate ( silv] are v durable1 b1 if n dy$ aga9 = "s "t1 ! hair acquires a gre5i% or r$di% color1 ?is be+ especially ! case if !y 7 n suffici5tly fre$ f fat be=e dye+4 ,= free+ ! hair f fat1 wa% ! hair ) a mixture ( #a "p _s ( sal ammonia 9 #aj p>ts ( br&y1 & dry c>efully4 ,copp] salts ) c]ta9 sub/ances1 su* z potassium f]rocyanide solution1 potassium sulphydrate1 calcium sulphydrate1 & pyrogallic acid give d>k-br[n colorations4 ,( ! copp] salts1 ! sulphate 9 ammoniacal solution is mo/ frequ5tly employ$1 ?\gh occasionally also ! *loride4 ,^! salts give a beautiful br[n color to ! hair4 ,small quantities ( copp] salt are also frequ5tly add$ to ! actual black dyes2 ! hair by ?is means acquir+ a br[n-black1 in/ead ( a deep black color4 ,all ! iron salts1 ) ! exception ( ! *loride1 may be us$ = dye+ ! hair4 ,soluble iron salts by !mselves make ! hair some:at d>k]1 b ?is sl[1 natural process is n reli$ on1 & a second sub/ance =m+ d>k color$ comb9ations ) ! iron1 su* z sulphur1 tann91 or pyrogallic acid1 is1 z a rule1 employ$4 ,to ?is class belongs a ,turki% hair dye1 :i*1 accord+ to ,x4 ,l&]]1 is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,gall-nuts conv]t$ to a f9e p[d] are mix$ ) oil & roa/$ 9 a pan until no m empyreumatic vapors & odor are evolv$4 ,! black p[d] ?us obta9$ is made into a pa/e ) wat]1 & into x is /irr$ a f9ely pulv]iz$ mass prep>$ f f]r\s oxide1 copp]1 & antimony1 ! result be+ a deep black mass4 ,?is dye is call$ ,ra/ikopetra 7eyebr[-/one74 ,x is "o ( ! ,ori5tal cosmetics us$ by bo? m5 & wom54 ,potassium p]manganate solution is r$uc$ by organic sub/ances1 p]oxide ( manganese be+ =m$4 ,a conc5trat$ solution ( ?is salt imp>ts to ! hair & sk9 an int5se br[n color1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is n v durable1 & requires frequ5t r5ew+4 ,pyrogallic acid may be us$ = d>k5+ ! hair1 n only 9 comb9ation ) metallic sub/ances1 b also by itself1 or ) alkalies4 ,hair moi/5$ ) pyrogallic acid becomes "u ! influ5ce ( light & air d>k gray to blacki%4 ,h[ev]1 ! color is n h&some1 & appe>s only 9 ! c\rse ( weeks4 ,9 connection ) alkalies1 pyrogallic acid produces a r$-br[n to black-br[n coloration4 ,"u ! "n ( ,kohol1 an extremely f9e p[d]1 consi/+ ( black sulphide ( antimony1 is us$ 9 ,egypt by all classes = black5+ ! edges ( ! eyelids & ! eyebr[s4 ,a hair dye1 mu* us$ 9 ! ,ori5t1 is h5na1 ! dri$ & pulv]iz$ leaves ( ,lawsonia in]mis4 ,by ! wom5 ?is p[d] is us$ = color+ ! hair & nails r$-br[n4 ,9 ! ,turki% sweat+ ba?s ! att5dants scatt] ! h5na ^u ! hair ( ! wom5 & tie x ^u ! f+] nails4 ,! wom5 !n frequ5tly rema9 = h\rs 9 ! /eam ba?1 :]eby ! p[d]$ h5na is conv]t$ into an extract-l mass :i* colors hair & nails r$-br[n4 ,x is said t h5na ev5 colors ! coal-black hair ( ! ,arabs r$-br[n1 :i* is consid]$ beautiful4 ,be=e treat+ ) h5na1 ! hair mu/ be fre$ f fat ) soap or full]'s e>?4 ,hair dy$ r$ ) h5na acquires a beautiful black color :5 subsequ5tly treat$ ) indigo1 ?is mode ( dye+ black be+ mu* 9 vogue 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,! process is z foll[s3 ,! hair1 be+ fre$ f fat ) soap1 is divid$ into sep>ate /r&s & ano9t$ ) q a /iff pa/e prep>$ f pulv]iz$ h5na & lukew>m wat]4 ,! hair1 aft] be+ smoo!d1 is all[$ to rema9 = at lea/ "o h\r 9 contact ) ! pa/e1 & is !n r9s$ (f ) lukew>m wat]4 ,be+ slightly dri$1 x is !n 9 ! same mann] ano9t$ ) a pa/e prep>$ f indigo & wat]1 & all[$ to rema9 9 contact ) x = "o h\r4 ,! hairs :i* 7 color$ orange-r$ by ! h5na1 n[ h a gre5i%-black appe>ance1 b by ! oxidation ( ! indigo 9 a %ort "t acquire an int5sely blue-black color1 :i* is extraord9>ily durable1 ! hair only aft] sev]al mon?s requir+ to be aga9 dy$4 ,! fre%ly express$ juice & ! fre% p>5*yma ( gre5 walnut %ells1 or ( unripe walnuts1 gradually color light or gray hair d>k to nut-br[n4 ,! color+ sub/ance is n ?or\ghly kn[n1 b is v likely a phloroglucide2 x is extract$ by fats & alcohol1 b1 accord+ to ,pas*kis1 is no long] effective 9 su* solution4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n correct 9 reg>d to ! alcoholic extract1 because ! extract f ord9>y walnut %ells1 prep>$ by mix+ ! express$ juice ( gre5 walnut %ells ) #aj p>ts ( alcohol1 all[+ ! mixture to /& = t5 days1 & !n filt]+1 also colors br[n4 ,p]oxide ( hydrog5 blea*es organic sub/ances1 d>k or r$ hair be+ !reby *ang$ to r$di%-yell[ or pale blonde4 ,! coloration1 or r blea*+1 does n appe> at once1 b is complete only aft] "s "t4 ,! p]oxide ( hydrog5 only exi/s 9 aque\s solution1 :i* %\ld be q conc5trat$ 7#ae to #bj p] c5t474 ,ow+ to ! mode ( prep>ation1 ! solution always conta9s "s nitric acid & readily decomposes1 :5 expos$ to light & air1 :]eby x becomes useless4 ,9 ! foll[+1 a numb] ( =mul = hair-dyes are giv54 ,accord+ to _! con/itution1 !y may be divid$ into two gr\ps1 viz3 ,a4 ,dyes :i* conta9 ! color+ matt] 9 a f9i%$ /ate2 &1 ,b4 ,dyes :i* are =m$ ^u ! hair by a *emical process4 ,! dye %\ld fir/ be appli$ 9 a dilute /ate1 & ! application repeat$ 9 case ! desir$ %ade is n produc$1 s9ce by ! use ( ! dye 9 a conc5trat$ =m a %ade n resembl+ any natural color might be obta9$1 hair :i* is to be color$ black acquir+1 = in/ance1 a metallic blue-black lu/re4 ,a4 ,,s+le ,,hair ,,dyes4 ,te9ture ,ori5tale 7,k>si74--,amb]gris #b dra*ms1 gall-nuts #d lbs41 pulv]iz$ iron #a ozs41 pulv]iz$ copp] #a dra*m1 musk #a dra*m4 ,conv]t ! gall-nuts to a f9e p[d]1 & roa/ ! p[d] 9 an iron pan1 /irr+ con/antly until x is d>k br[n to blacki%4 ,rub ! p[d] toge!r ) ! metallic p[d]s1 & ! p]fume sub/ances & keep ! mixture 9 a damp place4 ,= use moi/5 "s ( ! p[d] ^u ! h& & apply to ! hair1 rubb+ x 9 vigor\sly4 ,9 a few days ! hair acquires a deep black1 q natural color4 ,9 roa/+1 ! tann9-sub/ances conta9$ 9 ! gall-nuts are conv]t$ into gallic & pyrogallic acids1 :i* yield ) ! metals comb9ations ( a deep black color1 & are ev5 readily conv]t$ into black-br[n bodies 7hum9 bodies74 ,te9ture ,*9oise 7,kohol74--,gum-arabic #a oz41 ,*9ese ink #a ozs41 rose-wat] #a qu>t4 ,r$uce ! gum-arabic & ,*9ese ink to f9e p[d]1 & triturate ! p[d] 9 small quantities ) rose wat] until a homog5e\s black fluid free f gra9s is =m$4 ,collect ?is fluid 9 a bottle & mix x ) ! rema9+ rose wat]4 ,kohol is only suitable = p]sons ) black hair & is especially us$ = dye+ ! eyebr[s4 ,! color+ matt] ( ?is prep>ation consi/+ only ( c>bon 9 a v f9ely divid$ /ate1 x is p]fectly h>mless4 ,potassium p]manganate hair dye4--,potassium p]manganate #e ozs41 di/ill$ wat] #b qu>ts4 ,cry/alliz$ potassium p]manganate dissolves ) great ease 9 wat] to a deep violet fluid4 ,by br++ ! solution 9 contact ) an organic sub/ance--pap]1 l951 sk91 horn1 hair--x rapidly discolors1 imp>t+ to ! sub/ances a br[n color1 :i* orig9ates f p]oxide ( manganese4 ,free ! hair f fat by wa%+1 & apply ! dilute solution ) a s(t bru%4 ,! color appe>s imm$iately1 & accord+ to ! degree ( dilution1 all %ades ( color f blonde to d>ke/ br[n may be produc$ ) ?is p]fectly h>mless ag5t4 ,x may1 ( c\rse1 also be us$ = dye+ ! be>d4 ,bismu? hair dye4--,subnitrate ( bismu? #aj p>ts1 #aj p] c5t4 solution ( potassa & citric acid ea* a suffici5t quantity1 glyc]9 #aej p>ts1 wat] suffici5t to make #cjj p>ts4 ,intimately mix ! subnitrate ( bismu? & ! glyc]9 by trituration1 !n heat ! mixture 9 a wat]-ba?1 & gradually add to x solution ( potassa1 "u con/ant /irr+1 until ! bismu? salt is dissolv$4 ,next add a conc5trat$ solution ( citric acid until only a slight alkal9ity rema9s4 ,f9ally add en\gh wat] to make #cjj p>ts1 & p]fume accord+ to pref]5ce4 ,walnut hair dye4--,bruise #dj p>ts ( fre% gre5 walnut peel ) #e p>ts ( alum1 dige/ ) #bjj p>ts ( olive oil until all moi/ure has be5 dissipat$1 /ra9 & p]fume ! oil accord+ to pref]5ce4 ,pyrogallic hair /a94--,pyrogallic acid oz41 wat] #c ozs41 alcohol #a oz4 ,?is liquid gives a d>k br[n color4 ,b4 ,,d\ble ,,hair ,,dyes4--,^! & simil> hair dyes consi/ ( two prep>ations1 kept 9 bottles ,i & ,,ii4 ,! bottle ,,ii1 :i* s]ves = ! reception ( ! silv] prep>ation1 mu/ be ( blue or black glass1 s9ce silv] salts are decompos$ by light4 ,= use1 p\r "s ( ! fluid 9 bottle ,i into a cup1 & moi/5 ! hair ) x by means ( a s(t bru%4 ,!n p\r ! fluid 9 bottle ,,ii into ano!r cup1 & apply x ) ano!r bru%4 ,= dye+ br[n4 ,i 79 ! :ite bottle74--,liv] ( sulphur #g ozs41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,,ii 79 ! d>k bottle74 ,nitrate ( silv] #d ozs41 di/ill$ wat] #a qu>t4 ,= dye+ black4 ,i 79 ! :ite bottle74--,liv] ( sulphur #h ozs41 alcohol #a qu>t4 ,,ii 79 ! d>k bottle74--,nitrate ( silv] #e ozs41 di/ill$ wat] #a qu>t4 ,liv] ( sulphur is a lea!r-br[n mass1 readily soluble 9 wat]4 ,! solution has to be filt]$ be=e x is br\ght into ! bottles4 ,by br++ ! solutions toge!r black sulphide ( silv] is =m$1 :i* effects ! d>k coloration ( ! hair4 ,aft] us+ ! dye1 a disagreeable odor ( /ale eggs adh]es to ! hair1 :i* is1 h[ev]1 readily remov$ by wa%+4 ,! silv] hair dyes may also be made by prep>+ ! fluid 9 bottle ,,ii z foll[s3 ,add drop by drop wat] ( ammonia to ! silv] nitrate1 kept con/antly agitat$ until ! precipitate =m$ is r$issolv$4 ,tann9 hair dye4 ,i 79 ! :ite bottle74--,pulv]iz$ gall-nuts #ad ozs41 wat] #af ozs41 rose wat] #af ozs4 ,boil ! gall-nuts 9 ! wat]1 /ra9 ! boil+ fluid ?r\gh a close clo? into ! rose wat]1 & br+ ! fluid ?us obta9$1 :ile /ill hot1 into ! bottles1 :i* %\ld be imm$iately clos$4 7,x is absolutely necess>y to br+ ! fluid hot into ! bottles1 z o!rwise m\ld is readily =m$47 ,,ii 79 ! d>k bottle74--,nitrate ( silv] #e ozs41 di/ill$ wat] #a qu>t4 ,add wat] ( ammonia to ! silv] solution until ! precipitate at fir/ =m$ is r$issolv$4 ,melanogne4 ,i 79 ! d>k bottle74--,nitrate ( silv] #e dra*ms1 di/ill$ wat] #b ozs41 wat] ( ammonia #a oz4 ,,ii 79 ! :ite bottle74--,pyrogallic acid dra*m1 #dj p] c5t4 _s ( w9e #ag ozs4 ,eau d',afrique4 ,i 79 ! d>k bottle74--,nitrate ( silv] #a dra*ms1 di/ill$ wat] #c ozs4 ,,ii 79 ! :ite bottle74--,sodium sulphide #d dra*ms1 di/ill$ wat] #c ozs4 ,kr9o*rom4 ,i 79 ! :ite bottle74--,pyrogallic acid #e dra*ms1 di/ill$ wat] #f ozs41 alcohol #e ozs4 ,,ii 79 ! d>k bottle74 ,nitrate ( silv] #f dra*ms1 wat] ( ammonia #b ozs41 di/ill$ wat] #aj ozs4 ,copp] hair dye4 ,i 79 ! :ite bottle74--,potassium f]rocyanide 7yell[ prussiate ( pota%7 #g ozs41 di/ill$ wat] #a qu>t4 ,,ii 79 ! d>k bottle74--,cupric sulphate 7blue vitriol7 #g ozs41 di/ill$ wat] #a qu>t4 ,add to ! cupric sulphate solution wat] ( ammonia until ! pale blue precipitate at fir/ =m$ is dissolv$ to a beautiful d>k blue fluid4 ,?is hair dye gives a d>k br[n color1 b great c>e has to be ex]cis$ 9 its use1 ! yell[ prussiate ( pota% be+ v poison\s4 ,,depilatories4--,:ile ! numb] ( ag5ts = promot+ ! gr[? ( ! hair is a v small "o1 & _! efficacy n above d\bt1 !re are1 on ! o!r h&1 q a numb] ( v effective ag5ts = ! removal ( hair1 sulphur comb9ations be+ mo/ frequ5tly us$ = ! purpose4 ,rhusma is a depilatory :i* has long be5 kn[n1 & is /ill almo/ exclusively us$ 9 ! ,ori5t4 ,x consi/s ( #a "p orpim5t & #f p>ts ( lime slak$ to a p[d]4 ,mix intimately by pass+ ! +r$i5ts ?r\gh a sieve1 & pres]ve ! mixture 9 tightly-clos$ vessels4 ,= use1 /ir "s ( ! p[d] to a pa/e ) wat]1 & apply x to ! place ^u :i* ! hairs are to be de/roy$4 ,z soon z ! lay] ( pa/e beg9s to dry remove x ) a ?9 %av+ ( wood4 ,ow+ to ! en]getic action ( ?is depilatory ^u ! sk91 ladies are advis$ n to use x = ! face4 ,comb9ations ( sulphur ) ! alkalies & alkal9e e>?s are mu* us$ z depilatories4 ,( ^!1 sodium sulphydrate1 h[ev]1 %\ld nev] be us$1 )\t ! advice ( a physician1 z x acts v en]getically ^u ! sk91 & frequ5tly leaves sc>s beh9d4 ,calcium sulphide is conta9$ 9 ,boettg]'s depilatory4 ,x is usually prep>$ by heat+ at a l[ r$ heat 9 a securely-clos$ crucible an intimate mixture ( #ajj p>ts ( f9ely-p[d]$ quicklime ) #ij p>ts ( precipitat$ sulphur4 ,( ! calcium sulphide ?us obta9$1 mix #a lb4 ) #h ozs4 ( />* & #g dra*ms ( lemon oil4 ,apply ! pa/e to ! place ^u :i* ! hairs are to be de/roy$1 all[+ x to rema9 #bj to #cj seconds4 ,! action ( b>ium sulphide1 :i* is frequ5tly us$ z a depilatory1 is mu* less en]getic ?an t ( calcium sulphide4 ,x is1 = in/ance1 a con/itu5t ( ,b>?ol['s depilatory1 :i* consi/s ( b>ium sulphide #a "p1 cau/ic lime #a "p1 & />* #b p>ts1 made into a pa/e ) alcohol4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,cosmetics4 ,"u ?is head+ w be consid]$ toilet v9eg>s1 wa%es1 p]fum$ p[d]s1 pa/es1 sk9 pomades1 z well z pa9ts4 ,! fabrication ( cosmetics is an important bran* ( p]fum]y4 ,! mat]ials us$ = ! purpose %\ld be select$ & ( good quality ev5 = *eap articles1 :i* are1 ( c\rse1 also repres5t$ 9 ! foll[+ receipts4 ,,sk9 ,,cosmetics4--,toilet v9eg>s4--,p]fum$ v9eg>s1 :5 add$ to wa% wat]1 h a refre%+ effect & are also us$ z fumigat+ ag5ts by mix+ !m ) wat] 9 a di% & plac+ ! latt] 9 ! room4 ,v9aigre de ,bully4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #aj qu>ts1 t9ctures ( orris root1 tolu balsam1 b5zo9 & /orax1 ea* #a lb41 olibanum t9cture lb41 vanilla t9cture & be/ lav5d] oil #e ozs41 b]gamot oil & lemon oil ea* #d ozs41 acetic acid #b lbs4 ,v9aigre de toilette la rose4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 b5zo9 t9cture #a lb41 angelica t9cture #h ozs41 extrait rose ,no4 #a1 #a lb41 ,fr5* rose g]anium oil #c ozs41 acetic acid #ad ozs4 ,v9aigre de toilette la violette4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 orris-root t9cture #b qu>ts1 t9ctures ( b5zo9 & /orax ea* #g ozs41 b]gamot oil #b ozs41 liquid orris-root oil#bd #aa dra*ms1 acetic acid #a lb4 #bd ,see foot-note1 p4 #beg4 ,v9aigre de toilette hliotrope4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 t9ctures ( orris root & vanilla ea* #a qu>t1 musk root t9cture #c ozs41 b5zo9 t9cture #a lb41 b]gamot oil #a ozs41 v]b5a oil & palm>osa oil ea* #ad dra*ms1 clove oil #h dra*ms1 acetic acid #a lb4 ,v9aigre de toilette orange4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #e qu>ts1 b5zo9 t9cture #aj ozs41 abelmosk t9cture & vitiv]t t9cture ea* #h ozs41 civet t9cture #ad dra*ms1 ,portugal oil #h ozs41 acetic acid #ad ozs4 ,v9aigre de toilette4--,alcohol ( be/ quality #aj qu>ts1 orris-root t9cture #a lbs41 t9ctures ( b5zo91 tolu balsam & angelica ea* #a lb41 ,fr5* rose-g]anium oil #a ozs41 b]gamot oil #d ozs41 lemon oil & lav5d] oil ea* #c ozs41 n]oli oil #h dra*ms1 be/ rosem>y oil #aa dra*ms1 pepp]m9t oil #e dra*ms1 acetic acid #b lbs4 ,aromatic v9eg>4--,t9cture ( b5zo9 #a oz41 alcohol #a oz41 acetic e!r & extract ( jasm9e ea* #a ozs41 acetic acid #c ozs41 oil ( rose #aj drops1 oils ( n]oli & w9t]gre5 ea* #e drops4 ,engli% aromatic v9eg>4--,cry/alliz$ acetic acid #bj ozs41 camphor #b ozs41 oil ( lav5d] #aj drops1 oil ( cloves #cj drops1 oil ( c9namon #ae drops4 ,mix & dissolve4 ,! prep>ation is us$ = smell+-bottles4 ,! vials are fir/ fill$ ) sulphate ( potassa 9 small cry/als1 & en\gh acetic acid is add$ to ?or\ghly moi/5 ! salt4 ,! use ( sulphate ( potassa is said to h orig9at$ f ! fact1 t ! acid mixture 0 =m]ly obta9$ by introduc+ into ! vials acetate ( potassa & a suffici5cy ( sulphuric acid4 ,:e!r ?is be true or n1 sulphate ( potassa con/itutes an excell5t m$ium = reta9+ ! liquid 9 ! bottle4 ,x acts simply z an incorrodible sponge4 ,toilet v9eg>4--,ess5ce ( b]gamot #bj drops1 ess5ce ( amb]gris #d dra*ms1 ess5ce ( vanilla & oil ( n]oli ea* #cj drops1 /rong acetic acid #afj drops1 alcohol #f ozs4 ,wa%es4--,wa%es are mo/ly milky fluids or emulsions1 =m$ by ! f9e division ( res9s or balsams 9 wat]1 b5zo9 & myrrh be+ especially employ$ = ! purpose4 ,( ! =m]1 x 0 at "o "t believ$ t fumigations ) x e ev5+ aft] wa%+ w\ld prev5t wr9kles 9 ! face4 ,! emulsions are us$ by add+ "o to two tablespoonfuls to ! wa%-wat]4 ,p]fum$ glyc]9 is also mu* employ$ z an addition to wa%-wat]4 ,virg9al milk 7,lait virg9al74--,alcohol ( f9e/ quality #b qu>ts1 b]gamot oil & ,turki% rose oil ea* #e dra*ms1 b5zo9 t9cture #a qu>t4 ,pulv]ize 9 a porcela9 mort> ab\t #ad dra*ms ( sug>1 add ! b]gamot oil & rose oil & mix intimately4 ,n[ br+ ! pa/e-l sub/ance into a glass bottle1 r9se out ! mort> ) ! alcohol & add ! latt] to ! cont5ts ( ! bottle4 ,close ! latt] ) a well-fitt+ /opp] & place x 9 a w>m room = #h days1 %ak+ frequ5tly4 ,!n add ! b5zo9 t9cture1 mix intimately & f9ally filt] ?r\gh pap]4 ,?is fluid is us$ by add+ suffici5t ( x to ! wa%-wat] to =m an emulsion1 :i* ex]ts a refre%+ & invigorat+ effect ^u ! sk9 & olfactory n]ves4 ,rose milk 7,lait de rose74--,rose wat] #e lbs41 :ite beeswax & comm9ut$ ,ca/ile soap ea* #c ozs41 pota% #d ozs41 ,extrait rose ,no4 #a #h ozs4 ,heat ! rose-wat] 9 an enamell$ or porcela9 vessel1 & dissolve 9 x ! ,ca/ile soap4 ,!n add ! wax1 &1 :5 ?is is dissolv$1 ! pota%1 /irr+ con/antly1 :ile ! sub/ances are dissolv+4 ,:5 solution is complete1 /ra9 ! milk-l fluid ?r\gh a clo? 7be/ gauze or musl97 into ano!r vessel1 cov] x & all[ x to cool4 ,:5 cold add ! ,extrait rose1 %ake ?or\ghly & fill x into bottles = sale4 ,if ! ,lait de rose is to be rose color1 add v c>efully a small quantity ( corall9 t9cture & %ake vigor\sly4 ,besides wax1 fatty or oily sub/ances %\ld n be employ$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ^! emulsions1 z o!rwise !y w\ld soon become rancid4 ,almond milk 7,lait d'am&es amres74--,di/ill$ wat] #e lbs41 bitt] almonds #a lb41 :ite beeswax #a ozs41 comm9ut$ ,ca/ile soap #b ozs41 pota% #c ozs41 bitt]-almond oil #h dra*ms1 dissolv$ 9 extract f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse #h ozs4 ,scald & peel ! bitt] almonds4 ,!n conv]t !m to a pa/e by p\nd+ 9 a clean mort>1 br+ ! pa/e into ! di/ill$ wat]1 & extract 9 a wat]-ba? = ab\t h\r4 ,!n /ra9 ! liquid ?r\gh a clo?1 successively dissolve ! o!r sub/ances 9 ! /ra9$ fluid 9 ! wat]-ba?1 & :5 all is dissolv$1 /ra9 aga9 & proce$ z giv5 = rose milk4 ,! bitt]-almond oil is dissolv$ 9 ! extract f ,pomm4 ,tub]euse & add$ la/ ( all to ! liquid mass4 ,lily milk 7,lait de lys74--,rose wat]1 orange-fl[] wat]1 & jasm9e wat] ea* #a qu>t1 :ite beeswax #c ozs41 ,ca/ile soap #b ozs41 pota% & orris-root t9cture ea* #c ozs41 cum>9 t9cture #a ozs41 dissolv$ 9 musk-root t9cture #c ozs41 b]gamot oil #a ozs4 ,proce$ z giv5 = ,lait de ,rose4 ,9 reg>d to ! ,ca/ile soap1 x may "h be rem>k$ t x %\ld be neutral & conta9 no excess ( oil1 z o!rwise all ! prep>ations above giv5 might1 9 a %ort "t1 become rancid4 ,p]fum$ glyc]9 ) rose odor4--,*emically pure glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #aj lbs41 ,extrait rose ,no4 #a1 #h ozs4 ,by add+ ! ,extrait rose1 ! glyc]9 becomes turbid1 b cl>ifies by %ak+ ?or\ghly & all[+ ! mixture to /& quietly = sev]al days4 ,filt]+ ! fluid is n advisable1 & besides entirely useless4 ,p]fum$ glyc]9 ) fruit odor4--,*emically pure glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #aj lbs41 any k9d ( fruit e!r #a ozs4 ,%ake ?or\ghly4 ,! glyc]91 if *emically pure1 is n r5d]$ turbid by ! fruit e!r1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 mu/ also be ( ! be/ quality4 ,,p]fum$ ,,meals ,,& ,,pa/es4--,! p]fum$ meals are frequ5tly us$ = wa%+ 9 place ( soap1 or !y are appli$ aft] wa%+1 or %av+1 to ! sk9 to prev5t ! latt] f becom+ r\gh or *app$4 ,! pa/es are appli$ 9 ord] to make ! sk9 s(t]4 ,f>9 de noisette 7nut meal74--,be/ quality :eat fl\r #c lbs41 almond meal #a lbs41 orris-root p[d] #a lb41 b]gamot oil #b ozs4 ,mix ! +r$i5ts intimately & pass ! mixture ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,f>9 d'am&es amres 7almond meal74--,be/ quality :eat fl\r & almond meal ea* #c lbs41 bitt]-almond oil #a oz4 ,mix ! +r$i5ts intimately & pass ! mixture ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,pate d'am&es au miel 7honey almond pa/e74--,be/ quality almond meal #b lbs41 honey #d lbs41 *emically pure glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #b lbs41 fre% olive oil #d lbs41 bitt]-almond oil #a ozs41 ! yolks ( #bj eggs4 ,sift ! almond meal into a capaci\s e>!nw>e di%4 ,mix ! honey & glyc]9 aft] slightly w>m+ !m4 ,beat ! yolks ( ! eggs 9 a small di% ) a tablespoon until a uni=m mass is =m$4 ,n[ add alt]nately ( ! mixture ( honey & glyc]9 & ( ! olive oil to ! almond meal1 "w ! :ole ?or\ghly ) ! pe/le1 !n add ! yolks ( ! eggs1 /irr+ con/antly1 & f9ally ! bitt]-almond oil4 ,! :ole n[ =ms a visc\s mass4 ,x is be/ to keep ! fre%ly-prep>$ pa/e 9 a well-clos$ e>!nw>e pot 9 a cool place = ab\t #ad days be=e di/ribut+ x into boxes1 because aft] ! +r$i5ts are mix$ toge!r a slight f]m5tation takes place :i* might cause damage by bur/+ ! lids ( ! porcela9 boxes4 ,ladies use ?is pa/e = produc+ a f9e s(t sk91 ^u ! h&s1 face1 & neck1 = :i*1 9 fact1 x has prov$ excell5t4 ,p\dre de riz la rose4--,rice fl\r #d lbs41 prep>$ talc #ai ozs41 ,extrait rose ,no4 #a1 #c ozs41 ,fr5* rose-g]anium oil #ad dra*ms1 clove oil #b dra*ms4 ,! +r$i5ts are intimately mix$ & pass$ ?r\gh a sieve4 ,! p]fumes are br\ght toge!r 9 a glass & ?or\ghly %ak54 ,! same directions hold good = all succe$+ receipts = ,p\dre de riz4 ,( talc only ! :ite/ pieces %\ld be us$1 ! ,briancon talc or ,fr5* *alk be+ v suitable = ! purpose1 x yield+ a v :ite & delicate p[d]4 ,x is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,ov] #a "p ( talc p\r #b p>ts ( v9eg>1 let x /&1 ) frequ5t %ak+1 = #ad days1 !n filt] & ?or\ghly wa% ! talc ) di/ill$ wat]4 ,if rose-color$ p\dre de riz rose is dem&$1 add to ! proportions ( weight above giv5 ab\t #a oz4 ( madd]1 triturate x ?or\ghly ) ! p[d]1 p]fume1 triturate aga91 & f9ally pass ! :ole ?r\gh a f9e sieve4 ,^! rice p[d]s are be/ kept 9 well-clos$ t9 cani/]s4 ,p\dre de riz hliotrope4--,rice fl\r #d lbs41 prep>$ talc #ai ozs41 b]gamot oil #aj dra*ms1 ,fr5* rose-g]anium oil #e dra*ms1 clove oil #b dra*ms1 vanilla t9cture #aj dra*ms1 ,extrait hliotrope ,no4 #a1 #a ozs4 ,proce$ z direct$ = ,p\dre de riz la rose4 ,p\dre de riz la violette4--,rice fl\r #d lbs41 prep>$ talc #ai ozs41 b]gamot oil #aj dra*ms1 liquid orris-root oil #b dra*ms1 ,extrait ,violette ,no4 #a1 #a oz41 cum>9 t9cture #e dra*ms4 ,proce$ z direct$ = ,p\dre riz la rose4 ,p\dre de riz orange4--,rice fl\r #d lbs41 prep>$ talc #ai ozs41 ,portugal oil #a oz41 petit-gra9 oil #e dra*ms1 extract f ,pommade ,orange #a oz4 ,proce$ z direct$ = ,p\dre riz la rose4 ,p\dre de riz muguet4--,rice fl\r #d lbs41 prep>$ talc #ai ozs41 ylang-ylang oil1 w9t]gre5 oil1 angelica oil1 & bitt]-almond oil ea* #b drops1 b]gamot oil #e drops1 /orax t9cture #ad dra*ms1 ,extrait ,muguet ,no4 #a1 #c ozs4 ,proce$ z direct$ = ,p\dre de riz la rose4 ,p\dre de riz ixora4--,rice fl\r #d lbs41 prep>$ talc #ai oz41 b]gamot oil #b dra*ms1 ,ceylon c9namon oil #a dra*m1 t9ctures ( orris root & vanilla ea* #a ozs41 extract f ,pomm4 ,cassie or ,extrait ixora #a ozs4 ,proce$ z direct$ = ,p\dre de riz la rose4 ,p\dre de riz b\quet4--,rice fl\r #d lbs41 prep>$ talc #ai ozs41 b]gamot oil #h dra*ms1 ,african rose oil & ,ceylon c9namon oil ea* #b dra*ms1 ,extrait ess-b\quet ,no4 #a1 #c ozs4 ,proce$ z direct$ = ,p\dre de riz la rose4 ,,cold ,,creams ,,& ,,lip-,,salves4--,! purpose ( cold creams & lip-salves is to imp>t lu/re to ! sk9 & protect x f crack+ 9 *anges ( temp]ature4 ,cold cream4--,fat-almond oil #c lbs41 sp]maceti #e ozs41 :ite beeswax #g ozs41 be/ rose wat] #a qu>t1 b]gamot oil #ad dra*ms1 ,turki% rose oil #e dra*ms4 ,melt 9 a porcela9 di% 9 ! wat]-ba?1 fir/ ! sp]maceti & wax1 !n add ! almond oil1 & :5 ! :ole =ms a liquid all[ ! previ\sly w>m$ rose wat] to fl[ 9 sl[ly1 /irr+ con/antly4 ,n[ take ! di% f ! wat]-ba?1 & ) a l>ge spoon ( silv] or horn /ir ! mass until x beg9s to ?ick54 ,!n /ir 9 ! p]fume & fill ! f9i%$ cold cream 9 boxes4 ,vasel9e cold cream4--,:ite vasel9e #b lbs41 fat-almond oil #a lb41 :ite beeswax #a ozs41 b]gamot oil #ad dra*ms1 ,fr5* rose-g]anium oil & ,turki% rose oil ea* #b dra*ms4 ,proce$ 7)\t ! rose wat]7 z direct$ = cold cream4 ,glyc]9 cream4--,fat-almond oil #c lbs41 :ite beeswax & sp]maceti ea* #g ozs41 *emically pure glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #a lb41 b]gamot oil #a oz41 clove oil1 ,turki% rose oil1 & ,fr5* g]anium oil ea* #b dra*ms4 ,proce$ z above4 ,crme de concombre4--,fat-almond oil #h ozs41 :ite beeswax #aj dra*ms1 sp]maceti #ab dra*ms1 fre%ly-express$ cucumb] juice #g ozs41 volatile cucumb] oil #b dra*ms1 b]gamot oil #a dra*ms4 ,grate ! cucumb]s on a grat]1 place ! grat$ mass ^u a clean :ite clo?1 & g5tly express ! juice s t no mucus passes ?r\gh ! clo?4 ,! cucumb] juice is slightly w>m$1 ! re/ ( ! process be+ ! same z ) cold cream4 ,glyc]9 gele4--,gum-tragacan? #e dra*ms1 swell$ up 9 rose wat] #aj ozs41 *emically pure glyc]9 ( #bh ,b4 #g ozs41 honey #c ozs41 ,extrait rose ,no4 #a1 #a ozs4 ,conv]t ! gum tragacan? to a co>se p[d]1 br+ ! p[d] into a capaci\s glass flask1 p\r ! rose wat] ^u x1 &1 aft] cork+ ! flask1 let x /& = ab\t #c days1 %ak+ x frequ5tly & vigor\sly4 ,!n /ra9 ! swell$ gum tragacan?1 :i* n[ repres5ts a ?ick fluid1 ?r\gh a :ite clo? or f9e-me%$ sieve into a di%1 & aft] add+ ! glyc]91 honey1 & ,extrait rose1 mix ! :ole intimately1 & fill ! tubes or glasses ) ! f9i%$ prep>ation4 ,x is an approv$ rem$y = *app$ sk94 ,glyc]9 jelly4--,glyc]9 #a lb41 fat-almond oil #c lbs41 soap #b ozs41 orange-peel oil #b dra*ms1 ?yme oil #e dra*ms4 ,mix ! soap ) ! glyc]91 gradually add ! oil1 & f9ally ! p]fume4 ,cream ( roses4--,gum tragacan? #be gra9s1 glyc]9 #a oz41 alcohol oz41 wat] #f ozs41 boric acid #dj gra9s1 spirits ( lav5d] & b]gamot ea* #a oz4 ,boroglyc]9 cream4--,dissolve #a "p ( boric acid 9 #bd p>ts ( glyc]92 add to ?is solution #e p>ts ( lanol9 & #gj p>ts ( petrolatum4 ,?is prep>ation is said to be excell5t = *app$ h&s1 lips1 etc4 ,rcami] cream4--,! foll[+ =mula is said to produce some?+ q simil> to ?is prep>ation3 z9c oxide #d ozs41 glyc]9 #ac fluid dra*ms1 wat] #e fluid dra*ms1 _s ( rose 7#d dra*ms to #a p9t7 #a fluid dra*m4 ,prep>ations = *app$ h&s4--,i4 ,qu9ce se$ #b ozs41 rose wat] #af ozs41 glyc]9 #cb ozs41 t9cture ( b5zo9 #b ozs4 ,mac]ate ! qu9ce se$s 9 ! rose wat] #bd h\rs1 /ra91 & add ! glyc]9 & b5zo94 ,,ii4 ,balsam ( ,p]u #a dra*m1 purifi$ wool fat #a oz4 ,p]fume to suit4 ,,iii4 ,m5?ol #a4e p>ts1 salol #b1 olive oil #b1 lanol9 #ej4 ,apply twice daily4 ,! pa9 soon ceases1 ! sk9 s(t5s & ! *aps quickly disappe>4 ,,iv4 ,qu9ce se$ #a dra*ms1 boric acid #d gra9s1 c>bolic acid #aj gra9s1 glyc]9 #b ozs41 alcohol #c ozs41 cologne #b ozs41 oil ( lav5d] #bj drops1 glyc]ite ( />* #b ozs41 wat] suffici5t to make #a p9t4 ,dissolve ! boric acid 9 #h ozs4 ( wat]1 mac]ate ! qu9ce se$ 9 ! solution = ?ree h\rs & !n press ?r\gh a /ra9+ clo?1 add ! glyc]91 c>bolic acid & glyc]ite ( />* & mix ?or\ghly4 ,mix ! cologne & oil ( lav5d] ) ! alcohol1 add ! solution to ! mucilage & mix ! :ole well4 ,wa% = ! h&s4--,tann9 #h gra9s1 glyc]9 #e dra*ms1 rose wat] #d ozs4 ,mix & filt]4 ,! h&s %\ld be wa%$ ) soap 9 s(t wat]1 or wat] to :i* a little borax has be5 add$1 ?or\ghly dri$ & !n well rubb$ ) ! lotion4 ,nail-p[d]4--,! foll[+ prep>ation s]ves = ! purpose ( imp>t+ smoo?ness & lu/re to ! f+] nails4 ,= use apply "s ( ! p[d] to a piece ( s(t glove-lea!r & rub ! nails until !y %[ lu/re4 ,/annic oxide 7putty p[d]7 #b lbs41 c>m9e #e dra*ms1 oils ( b]gamot & lav5d] ea* #b dra*ms4 ,rub ! /annic oxide z f9e z possible & mix x 9 ! mort> ) ! o!r +r$i5ts4 ,lip-salve ,no4 #a4--,pomm4 ,rose ,no4 #bd or #cj1 #h ozs41 be/ c>m9e nac>at #b dra*ms4 ,conv]t ! c>m9e to a f9e p[d] & ?or\ghly triturate x ) ! ,pomm4 ,rose 9 a porcela9 mort> until no m specks ( c>m9e are p]ceptible4 ,by ?is trituration ! salve becomes v s(t & delicate1 s t x c be conv5i5tly press$ into ! small boxes4 ,a pleas+ lu/re is !n imp>t$ to ! surface ( ! salve by c>efully mov+ ea* box to & fro ov] ! flame ( an alcohol lamp4 ,x may "h be rem>k$ t c>m9e nac>at is ! be/ color+ matt] = lip-salve1 x be+ f> m resi/ant ?an1 = in/ance1 alkann91 :i*1 9 contact ) ! sk91 readily acquires a blui% coloration4 ,if lip-salve ( a m solid consi/5cy is desir$1 ! object may be atta9$ by ! addition ( a few dra*ms ( :ite beeswax4 ,h[ev]1 9 ?is case1 ! pomade mu/ be melt$ 9 a wat]-ba?1 or ! pomade & wax melt$ toge!r4 ,!n add ! c>m9e1 /ir until cold1 fill into boxes & make ! surface lu/r\s ov] an alcohol flame4 ,lip-salve ,no4 #b4--,pomm4 ,rose ,no4 #f or #ab1 #aj ozs41 ,huile antique rose ,no4 #f or #ab1 #ad dra*ms1 :ite beeswax #e dra*ms1 c>m9e nac>at #b dra*ms4 ,melt ! wax 9 a porcela9 or enamell$ vessel1 !n add1 fir/1 ! oil1 comb9e x ) ! wax1 !n add ! pomade & f9ally ! c>m9e4 ,:5 all ?is is intimately mix$1 /ir x until cold4 ,! fur!r process is ! same z giv5 = ,no4 #a4 ,,pa9ts4--,! object ( pa9ts is to hide blemi%es ( ! sk9 & to imp>t to x a diff]5t color--z a rule a y\?ful "o--f t be/[$ by nature1 ?\gh "u c]ta9 conditions1 especially 9 ! case ( actors1 !y are also employ$ = ! purpose ( *ang+ ! expression ( ! face4 ,a di/9ction is made betwe5 pulv]ul5t1 solid1 liquid & fat pa9ts4 ,,pulv]ul5t ,,pa9ts 7,,p[d]s74--,! simple/ p[d] is :eat />*4 ,x =ms a dull :ite p[d] ) a blui% lu/re1 & is p]fectly h>mless4 ,p[d]$ talc1 prep>$ 9 ! mann] previ\sly describ$ 7p4 #ccj71 is also mu* us$ = p[d]4 ,by mix+ #ajj p>ts ( prep>$ talc1 :ile /ill moi/1 ) #ab p>ts ( sp]maceti1 previ\sly rubb$ to a moi/ p[d] ) "s rectifi$ alcohol1 & dry+ at a mod]ate heat1 a product kn[n 9 comm]ce z ,blanc f>d1 or ,blanc franais1 is obta9$4 ,talc by itself n furni%+ a beautiful :ite1 x is mix$1 accord+ to circum/ances1 ) subnitrate ( bismu? 7flake-:ite71 magnesia1 *alk or z9c-:ite4 ,:ite lead1 ?\gh frequ5tly us$1 _c be recomm5d$1 x be+ injuri\s to heal?4 ,subnitrate ( bismu? furni%es ! be/ :ite2 x has1 h[ev]1 ! disadvantage ( turn+ br[n 9 air conta9+ sulphurett$ hydrog54 ,z9c-:ite does n h ?is defect1 b lacks ! lu/re & pure :ite color4 ,cu/om>y mixtures = p[d]s are z foll[s3-- ,i4 ,c>bonate ( magnesia & :eat />* ea* #e p>ts1 prep>$ talc #ae1 z9c-:ite #aj4 ,,ii4 ,c>bonate ( magnesia & *alk ea* #e p>ts1 prep>$ talc #ae1 subnitrate ( bismu? #bj4 ,! p[d]s are prep>$ 9 ?ree colors3 :ite1 rose-color & yell[i%4 ,to height5 ! :ite color ! p[d] is mix$ ) ab\t ( "o p] c5t4 ( ultra-m>9e4 ,= rose color "s c>m9e is us$1 & = color+ yell[i% "s c>m9e & yell[ o*re4 ,a p[d] = color+ m int5sely r$ is prep>$ z foll[s3 ,mix #ajj p>ts ( prep>$ talc ) #b4e or m p>ts ( c>m9e1 accord+ to ! desir$ %ade ( color4 ,! c>m9e is triturat$ by itself & 9 small portions add$ to ! talc4 ,x %\ld n be dissolv$1 z giv5 9 _m directions1 9 ammonia1 x los+ !reby its fi]y r$4 ,to obta9 an especially delicate p[d]1 ! f9i%$ article %\ld be c>efully bolt$ ?r\gh silk4 ,,solid ,,pa9ts4--,solid pa9ts may be prep>$ f ! above-m5tion$ p[d]s by /irr+ !m to a pa/e ) ?9 gum solution4 ,ord9>y r$ pa9t 7r\ge74--,prep>$ talc #b lbs41 c>m9e #a oz41 gum-tragacan? mucilage prep>$ f di/ill$ wat] #c ozs4 & gum-tragacan? #b dra*ms1 be/ olive oil #e dra*ms1 be/ alcohol #a oz41 spirits ( sal ammoniac tablespoonful1 di/ill$ wat] z mu* z requir$4 ,f9e r$ pa9t 7r\ge74--,prep>$ talc #b lbs41 c>m9e #a ozs41 gum-tragacan? mucilage prep>$ f di/ill$ wat] #c ozs4 & gum-tragacan? #b dra*ms1 be/ olive oil #e dra*ms1 ,extrait rose ,no4 #a1 #a oz41 spirits ( sal ammoniac tablespoonful1 rose wat] z mu* z requir$4 ,:ite pa9t4--,prep>$ talc #b lbs41 gum-tragacan? mucilage prep>$ f di/ill$ wat] #c ozs4 & gum-tragacan? #b dra*ms1 be/ olive oil #e dra*ms1 ,extrait rose ,no4 #a1 #a oz41 rose wat] z mu* z requir$4 ,! above-m5tion$ pa9ts may be fill$ 9 small porcela9 boxes1 :i* mu/1 h[ev]1 be h]metically clos$ to prev5t dry+ out4 ,to obviate ! latt]1 ! pa9ts may be mix$ ) glyc]91 :i* mu/1 h[ev]1 be c>efully done s t ! mass does n become liquid2 too mu* glyc]9 may also make ! pa9t blue4 ,reg>d+ ! prep>ation ( ^! pa9ts1 ! foll[+ may be said3 ,! prep>$ talc is pass$ ?r\gh a f9e-me%$ sieve into a porcela9 di%4 ,! c>m9e is rubb$ f9e 9 a porcela9 mort> & !n triturat$ ) wat]#be 9 ! same mort> until no m specks ( c>m9e are visible4 ,n[ add ! dissolv$ c>m9e to ! talc 9 ! porcela9 di%1 /ir ?or\ghly ) a horn or wood5 spoon1 & gradually add suffici5t rose wat] to =m a d\gh-l mass4 ,!n add to ?is mass ab\t #a ozs4 ( gum-tragacan? mucilage1 prep>$ #c or #d days be=e f #b dra*ms ( pulv]iz$ gum-tragacan? & #c ozs4 ( wat]1 "w ! mass ?or\ghly ?r\gh1 & add ! #e dra*ms ( be/ olive oil4 ,! oil be+ also incorporat$ ) ! mass1 mix 9 ! #a oz4 ( ,extrait rose or alcohol1 & aga9 "w ! mass ?or\ghly ?r\gh1 :5 ! pa9t is ready to be br\ght ^u porcela9 plates4 #be ,= f9e prep>ations1 rose wat] is us$2 = ord9>y1 di/ill$ wat]4 ,! proc$ure is n[ z foll[s3 ,by means ( a spoon br+ a quantity ( ! pa9t1 ab\t ! size ( ?ree hazelnuts ^u ! c5tre ( a porcela9 plate1 spread x out uni=mly to ! edge ( ! plate by knock+ ! latt] aga9/ ! table1 & 9 ! same mann] cov] #f or #h plates4 ,^! are ! te/-plates4 ,tie a piece ( pap] ov] ! di% conta9+ ! re/ ( ! pa9t & set x aside4 ,place ! plates coat$ ) pa9t 9 a dry place to dry1 b d n expose !m to sunlight1 nor %\ld soaps be kept 9 ! room1 z 9 bo? cases ! pa9t w\ld become blue4 ,aft] #ab to #ah h\rs ! pa9t ^u ! plates w be dry1 & n[ comes ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! manipulation4 ,) a small horn-knife or ! %>p edge ( a play+ c>d scrape (f v c>efully & uni=mly a small quantity f ! surface ( ! pa9t1 proce$+ f ! edges t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! plate4 ,!n1 to see :e!r ! pa9t adh]es firmly to ! plate1 knock ! edge ( ! latt] q vigor\sly aga9/ ! table4 ,if x adh]es firmly1 cov] ! entire plate ) a piece ( wat]$ silk1 cat* ! ends ( ! latt] b5ea? ! plate ) ! left h&1 &1 ) ! palm ( ! "r1 run q h>d ov] ! silk4 ,by ?is means ! moir ( ! silk is impr9t$ ^u ! pa9t1 giv+ x a nice appe>ance4 ,proce$ 9 ! same mann] ) ! six or eight te/-plates1 & if ! pa9t ^u !m be>s ! manipulation )\t dropp+ (f1 "w up ! re/ ( ! pa9t 9 ! di%4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! pa9t does n adh]e to ! plates1 x is pro( ( x conta9+ n en\gh gum-tragacan?4 ,9 ?is case add "s ( ! mucilage to ! pa9t 9 ! di%1 "w x ?or\ghly ?r\gh1 & proce$ 9 ! mann] describ$4 ,pack+1 labell+1 etc41 be+ subject to fa%ion1 ne$ n "h be describ$1 b z ! *>m ( novelty contributes mu* to ! sale ( an article1 ! manufactur] %\ld make x 8 bus9ess to inv5t new attractive designs1 )\t too mu* imitat+ o!rs4 ,r$ /ick-pa9t 7,/ick r\ge74--,prep>$ talc #a lb41 c>m9e #e dra*ms1 olive oil #b dra*ms1 alcohol #h dra*ms1 _s ( sal ammoniac a good teaspoonful1 di/ill$ wat] & gum-tragacan? mucilage z mu* z requir$4 ,! mode ( prep>ation is ! same z = solid pa9ts1 except t 9 ord] to give ! r\ge m consi/5cy1 less wat] & gum-tragacan? mucilage are to be us$4 ,= m\ld+ ! r\ge into /icks1 r\nd t9 m\lds ab\t #b in*es long & ( ! ?ickness ( a f+] are us$4 ,to facilitate ! removal ( ! r\ge /icks1 ! inside ( ! m\lds is rubb$ ) a rag moi/5$ ) olive oil & wrapp$ ar\nd a ?9 /ick ( wood4 ,aft] remov+ ! /icks f ! m\ld1 !y are all[$ to dry sup]ficially1 & next wrapp$ fir/ 9 tissue pap] & !n 9 t9foil1 "o end1 h[ev]1 be+ left free f pap] & t9foil4 ,!y are f9ally labell$ & pack$ 9 pa/e-bo>d boxes4 ,:ite /ick pa9t is prep>$ 9 ! same mann] z /ick r\ge1 ) ! exception t ! c>m9e is omitt$4 ,r\ge en feuilles4--,prep>$ talc #a ozs41 c>m9e #b dra*ms1 olive oil #aj to #ae drops1 spirits ( sal ammoniac ab\t #ej drops1 pure alcohol #e ozs41 di/ill$ wat] or rose wat] #h ozs41 gum-tragacan? mucilage #a ozs4 ,! c>m9e is fir/ rubb$ f9e1 !n ! olive oil1 spirits ( sal ammoniac1 & gum-tragacan? mucilage are successively ?or\ghly triturat$ ) ! c>m9e1 next ! talc is add$1 !n ! wat]1 & f9ally ! alcohol4 ,mix all intimately 9 a mort> ) ! pe/le4 ,! :ole =ms a fluid :i*1 by means ( a f9e bru%1 is appli$ to a squ>e piece ( :ite c>d bo>d1 s t a circul> disk ! size ( a silv] doll> lies 9 ! c5tre ( ! pap]4 ,! application ( ! r\ge to ! pap] has to be repeat$ ?ree or f\r times1 all[+ "o lay] to dry be=e apply+ ! next4 ,:5 ! la/ lay] is dry1 ! r\ge is smoo!d by lay+ a piece ( tissue pap] ^u x & runn+ ! broad side ( a pap] cutt] ov] ! tissue pap]4 ,9 pack+1 a piece ( tissue is laid betwe5 ! sep>ate pieces4 ,,liquid ,,pa9ts4 ,liquid pa9ts are *iefly us$ by actors4 ,liquid r\ge4--,rose wat] #a qu>ts1 c>m9e #a ozs41 ,extrait rose ,no4 #a1 #a lb4 ,heat ! rose wat]1 )\t all[+ x to boil1 9 a glaz$ e>!nw>e vessel1 add ! c>m9e1 previ\sly rubb$ f9e1 to ! hot rose wat]1 & /ir ! fluid ) a clean wood5 spatula until ! c>m9e is completely divid$4 ,!n take ! vessel f ! fire & add a tablespoonful ( spirits ( sal ammoniac4 ,! latt] imp>ts to ! r\ge a bright] r$1 b n too mu* ( x %\ld be us$1 z o!rwise ! r\ge acquires a blui% %ade1 & besides ! odor ( ! spirits ( sal ammoniac is n exactly agreeable4 ,:5 ! r\ge is cold add #a lb4 ( ,extrait de rose1 mix ! :ole intimately1 & filt] ?r\gh :ite filt]+ pap] into a clean glass bottle4 ,! r\ge has to be protect$ f sunlight4 ,:ite liquid pa9t4--,f9e z9c-:ite #c lbs41 rose wat] or orange wat] #c qu>ts4 ,9 a clean enamell$ vessel boil ! z9c-:ite 9 #e qu>ts ( di/ill$ wat]1 /irr+ con/antly1 until ab\t #c qu>ts ( ! wat] are evaporat$4 ,!n take ! vessel f ! fire & all[ ! fluid to /& quietly = h\r4 ,!n c>efully decant (f ! sup]natant wat]1 p\r ! #c qu>ts ( rose wat] or orange wat] ^u ! z9c-:ite1 /ir ?or\ghly1 & fill 9 bottles4 ,fat pa9ts4--,fat pa9ts ( v>i\s colors & %ades are prep>$ *iefly = ! use ( actors4 ,! gr\nd mass consi/s ( ,blanc f>d or ,blanc franais1 or simply ( pulv]iz$ talc bolt$ ?r\gh silk4 ,x is color$1 accord+ to ! color desir$1 ) c>m9e1 eos91 si5na1 lamp black1 or anil9e colors1 & incorporat$ 9 ! proportion ( #a gr\nd mass to #a fatty mass1 ) ! fatty mass consi/+ ( :ite wax #c p>ts & olive oil #g p>ts2 or p>aff9 #a p>ts & :ite vasel9e #b p>ts4 ,! fatty mass is melt$ 9 ! wat]-ba?1 ! p[d] /irr$ 91 & aft] all[+ ! mixture to cool some:at1 x is p]fum$ & p\r$ into t9 tubes previ\sly slightly w>m$4 ,besides ! above-m5tion$ fat pa9ts 9 /icks1 !re are also fat pa9ts 9 porcela9 boxes1 :i* are ( a some:at s(t] consi/5cy4 ,!y are prep>$ 9 :ite1 rose color1 & yell[i%4 ,a few receipts = !m are z foll[s3-- ,crme de ,lys4--,melt #c ozs4 ( sp]maceti & #g ozs4 ( :ite wax 9 ! wat]-ba?1 & aft] tak+ ! mass f ! fire mix x ) #c lbs4 ( subnitrate ( bismu?1 previ\sly rubb$ f9e1 ) #a lbs4 ( almond oil4 ,!n all[ to cool some:at1 next /ir until entirely cold1 & p]fume4 ,crme de rose4--,sp]maceti #c ozs41 :ite wax #g ozs41 ,blanc ,franais #c lbs41 c>m9e #h dra*ms1 almond oil #a-d_/e lbs4 ,proce$ z direct$ = crme de lys4 ,,index4 ,abelmosk or musk-se$ t9cture1 #bcj1 #bca ,absorption or enfleurage1 process (1 #fj-fe ,acacia oil1 #hg ,acetic amyl acetate or amyl acetate1 #bja e?yl or e?yl acetate1 #bja-bjd ,acid numb]1 #ha ,african & ,fr5* g]anium oils1 #aab1 #aac ,alcohol & sulphuric acid te/1 ,hag]'s1 #gh *lor(orm1 & b5z9e1 quantitative det]m9ation ( adult]ations )1 #gb1 #gc or _s ( w9e1 detection (1 9 volatile oil1 #fh-ga ,alcoholic p]fumes1 #bai-bee ,allspice1 oil (1 or pim5to oil1 #acf ,almond b&ol9e1 #cje meal1 #cbi milk1 #cbg oil 7bitt]71 #hg-ic adult]ations (1 #ij-ib artificial1 #hi1 #ij t9cture1 #bcd pa/e1 honey1 #cbi ,alp9e h]b oil1 #cja ,amb]gris1 #ca1 #ahf-ahh adult]ations (1 #ahh t9cture1 #bbi ,ambre9 or ambr91 #ahg ,am]ica & ,engl&1 use & prep>ation ( nitr\s e!r 91 #bab-bad ,am]ican curl$ m9t oil1 #acb ,engli%1 or ,canadian ca/or1 #ahe1 #ahf musk-rat1 musk ( !1 #aha1 #ahb oil ( turp5t9e1 #adi pepp]m9t oil1 #acb1 #acc ,am]ican soap indu/ry1 consumption ( citronella oil 9 !1 #ajh /orax1 #agb ,amygdal91 #hh ,amyl acetate or acetic amyl acetate1 #bja val]ate or val]ianic e!r1 #bad-baf ,ane?ol1 #aaa ,angelica oil1 #ib1 #ic root t9cture1 #bca ,animal k+dom1 p]fume-sub/ances f !1 #agh-ahh ,anise-se$ oil1 #ic1 #id ,antiseptic g>gle1 #bge ,app>atus = alcoholic extracts f fl[] pomades1 #bbc-bbe = det]m9+ ! p]c5tage ( volatile oil 9 a vegetable sub/ance1 #dj1 #da = di/ill+ lemon oil1 #aah-abj = ! absorption process1 #fb-fd = ! di/illation ( volatile oil1 #da-df = ! extraction ( volatile oils1 #dh-eg = ! prep>ation ( t9ctures1 #bbf1 #bbg ,apple ess5ce1 #baf e!r1 #baf pomade1 #bhi ,apricot ess5ce1 #baf1 #bag e!r1 #baf ,aqua mellis1 #bee ,arabian physicians1 receipts = cosmetics 9 ! writ+s (1 #bf ,arnica too?-t9cture1 #bgf ,aromatic v9eg>1 #cbe ,engli%1 #cbe1 #cbf ,artificial musk1 #ahb1 #ahc p]fume-mat]ials1 #ahi-bah ,a!ns1 luxuri\s use ( o9tm5ts 91 #bb ,atomiz]s1 #bfc ,atomiz+1 p9e odor =1 #bfe ,att> ( roses or rose oil1 #acf-add ,au/rian oil ( turp5t9e1 #adh ,avic5na1 receipts = cosmetics 9 ! writ+s (1 #bf ,balm oil1 #if ,balm-oil t9cture1 #bcd ,balsam1 ,brazilian1 #aff ,c>?ag5a1 #aff fumigat+1 #bfe1 #bff ,p]u1 #aei-aff p9e oil1 #adi1 #aej ,tolu1 #aff-afh new v>iety (1 #afg1 #afh :ite ,indian1 #agb ,p]u1 #agb ,p]uvian1 #afj1 #afa ,balsams1 #aee1 #aef & res9s1 #aee-agg ,balsamum ,p]uvianum1 #aei-aff ,b&ol9e1 almond1 #cje rose1 #cje ,b&ol9es1 #cjd1 #cje ,b>5?9's application ( ,hbl's iod9e me?od to volatile oils1 #hj ,b>?ol['s depilatory1 #cbc ,b>tlett1 ,w4 ,w41 m5?ol pung5t z prep>$ by1 #bfj ,pre/on salt z prep>$ by1 #bfj ,basil oil1 #if t9cture1 #bcd ,bayb]ry oil1 or oil ( bay leaves1 #if1 #ig ,bay leaves1 oil (1 or bayb]ry oil1 #if1 #ig ,bay rum1 #cab-cad =mul =1 #cac1 #cad ,be>d1 ,rog]s's pomade = produc+ a1 #bid ,be>'s grease1 #bhe pomade1 #bhi ,beauty-pat* or m\*e1 #bh ,beef-m>r[ pomade1 #bid ,b5z9e1 detection (1 9 volatile oil1 #ga1 #gb ,b5zoic e!r or e?yl b5zoate1 #bjd1 #bje ,b5zo91 #aeg-aei amygdaloid1 #aeg det]m9ation ( c9namic acid 91 #aeh1 #aei fl[]s1 #aei 9 te>s1 #aeg lump1 #aeg pomade1 #bij t9cture1 #bbi treatm5t ( fat oils )1 #cjj1 #cja v>ieties (1 #aeh ,b]gamot oil1 #ig1 #ih t9cture1 #bcd ,betula l5ta1 oil f1 #aeb ,bey] frres1 app>atus = alcoholic extracts f fl[] pomades1 #bbc-bbe = ! prep>ation ( t9ctures1 #bbf1 #bbg ,bir* oil1 #aeb ,bismu? hair dye1 #cbj nitrate (1 #cce1 #ccf ,bisulphide ( c>bon1 #dh ,black hair dyes1 #cba too?-p[d]1 #bhj wax pomade1 #bii ,blanc f>d or blanc franais1 #cce ,blondel1 ,dr41 memoir on ! /> anise tree1 by1 #ie ,blonde wax pomade1 #bii ,boettg]'s depilatory1 #cbc ,boroglyc]9 cream1 #ccc ,b\*>dat & ,lafont1 conv]sion ( oil ( turp5t9e into lemon oil by1 #ahi1 #aij ,b\quet vasel9e pomade1 #bif ,b\quets1 #bai1 #bdj-bde ,brazilian balsam1 #aff ,brilliant9e1 #cje-cjh =mulas =1 #cjg1 #cjh ,br[n hair dye1 #cba wax pomade1 #bii1 #cjj ,bulg>ia1 rose oil indu/ry 91 #acg1 #ach ,burdock-root hair oil1 #cjb ,butyric acid1 prep>ation (1 #bje-bjg e!r1 =mation (1 #bjg1 #bjh or e?yl butyrate1 #bje-baj ,cajeput oil1 #ih1 #ii ,camomile oil1 #ii1 #ajj ,camphor too?-p[d]1 #bhj ,canadian1 ,engli%1 or ,am]ican ca/or1 #ahe1 #ahf ,canango oil1 #aed t9cture1 #bcd ,c>away oil1 #ajj1 #aja ,c>bon1 bisulphide (1 #dh ,c>bonic acid1 app>atus = develop+ a curr5t (1 #ej-eb ,c>ob or ,/4 ,john's bread1 #bji ,c>?ag5a balsam1 #aff ,c>v5e1 #ajj ,c>vol1 #ce1 #ajj ,cassia oil1 #ajc1 #ajd t9cture1 #bce value (1 #ajd ,cassie1 oil (1 #hg ,ca/or1 #ca adult]ations (1 #ahf ,ca/oreum or ca/or1 #ahe1 #ahf ,ca/or oil1 det]m9ation (1 9 volatile oil1 #fg1 #fh pomade1 #bic or ca/oreum1 #ahe1 #ahf t9cture1 #bbi ,c$> oil1 #aja t9cture1 #bce ,ceylon c9namon oil1 #ajb1 #ajc ,*alk1 #ccf ,*amomile oil1 #ii1 #ajj ,*app$ h&s1 prep>ations =1 #ccc1 #ccd ,*assis1 #fa ,*]ry ess5ce1 #bag e!r1 #baf laurel oil1 #aja1 #ajb too?-pa/e1 #bgh non-f]m5t+1 #bgh ,*lor(orm1 alcohol1 & b5z9e1 quantitative det]m9ation ( adult]ations )1 #gb1 #gc detection (1 9 volatile oil1 #ga ,c9eol1 #abc ,c9namaldehyde1 #ajc quantitative det]m9ation (1 #ajd-ajf ,c9namic acid1 det]m9ation (1 9 b5zo91 #aeh1 #aei ,c9namon leaves1 oil (1 & c9namon-root oil1 #ajd oil t9cture1 #bce oils1 #ajb-ajf ,c9namon root oil & oil ( c9namon leaves1 #ajd ,citr5e1 #ce1 #aba ,citronella oil1 #ajg1 #ajh t9cture1 #bce ,citronellol1 #ajg ,citron oil1 #ajf1 #ajg ,civet1 #ca1 #ahd1 #ahe t9cture1 #bbh ,clove-oil t9cture1 #bce ,cloves1 oil (1 #ajh-aaj ,cold cream1 #cca creams & lip-salves1 #cca-cce ,cologne wat]1 #bdi-bed durability ( volatile oils us$ =1 #bej1 #bea prep>ation (1 #bdi1 #bej receipts =1 #beb-bed ,color+ sub/ances = d5tifrices & m\?-wat]s1 #bgb = pomades1 #bhf ,comp\nd odors1 #bdj-bde ,copp] hair dye1 #cbb nitroprusside (1 te/1 #ge-gh salts = dye+ ! hair1 #cae1 #caf ,cortex ?ymiamatis1 #afh ,cosmetics1 #cbd-cdb & p]fum]ies 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 #bf1 #bg & p]fumes 9 ,italy1 #bf1 #bg receipts =1 9 ! writ+s ( ,arabian physicians1 #bf ,cream1 boroglyc]91 #ccc cold1 #cca glyc]91 #ccb ( roses1 #ccc ,rcami]1 #ccc vasel9e cold1 #cca ,crme de concombre1 #ccb de lys1 #cdb de rose1 #cdb ,cum>91 #aij-aic manufacture (1 #aib1 #aic t9cture1 #bcb ,curl$ m9t oil1 #acb ,currant ess5ce1 #bag ,cym5e1 #aba ,d&ruff cures1 #cab lotion1 #cab ,d5sdorf pomade1 #bij ,d5tifrice1 s+ul>1 us$ by ! ,roman ladies1 #bf ,d5tifrices & m\?-wat]s1 color+ sub/ances =1 #bgb m\?-wat]s1 etc41 #bgb-bhc ,depilatories1 #cbb1 #cbc use ( 9 anci5t ,rome1 #be1 #bf ,dioscorides's directions = mak+ animal fats suitable = ! reception ( p]fumes1 #bd = prep>+ rose o9tm5t1 #bc1 #bd ,m$ica mat]ia1 #bc ,di/illation ( express$ oil1 #ci ( lemon oil1 #aah ( rose oil1 #acg1 #ach ( volatile oils1 #ci-dh anci5t mode (1 #bd ,di/ill+ app>atus = lemon oil1 #aah-abj ,d\ble hair dyes1 #cba1 #cbb ,drag5dorff's te/1 #fh1 #fi ,dry p]fumes1 #bef-bfa ,dut* tonka bean1 #aia1 #aib ,dw>f p9e oil1 #adi ,ea/ ,indian g]anium oil1 #aab ,eau ,a?ni5ne1 #cjh ,eau d',afrique1 #cbb de ,botot 7improv$71 #bge de ,cologne1 #bdi-bed durability ( volatile oils =1 #bej1 #bea hair tonic1 #cji prep>ation (1 #bdi1 #bej receipts =1 #beb-bed solid p]fume1 #bfj de lav&e1 #bee d\ble1 #bee de ,lisbonne1 #bee de qu99e1 #cji1 #caj 7imitation71 #caj de vie de lav&e d\ble ambre1 #bee d5tifrice ,botot1 #bgd ,ori5tale1 #bgd1 #bge lu/ral 7hair re/orative71 #caj cuelle process = obta9+ lemon oil1 #aag1 #aah ,egg oil1 virtues (1 #cad ,egypt1 anci5t1 pa9ts us$ 91 #ah1 #ai ,egyptians1 use ( p]fume-sub/ances by !1 = embalm+ ! dead1 #ah ,elopt5e1 #cc ,emp]or pomade1 #bib ,enfleurage or absorption1 process (1 #fj-fe ,engl& & ,am]ica1 use & prep>ation ( nitr\s e!r 91 #bab-bad use ( p]fum]y 91 #cj ,engli% aromatic v9eg>1 #cbe1 #cbf ,canadian1 or ,am]ican ca/or1 #ahe1 #ahf pepp]m9t oil1 #acb1 #acc tonka bean1 #aib ,esprit de m5!1 #bgf ,ess-b\quet sa*et p[d]1 #bei solid p]fume1 #bfj ,ess5ce l'cuelle1 or au ze/e1 #aag apple1 #baf apricot1 #baf1 #bag *]ry1 #bag currant1 #bag de jasm91 #aad de lav&e ,montblanc1 #aae de mirbane1 #aii grape1 #bag lemon1 #bag melon1 #bag ( ,portugal1 #abe ( ! odor ( ,l9d5 blossoms1 #bch orange1 #bag pea*1 #bag pe>1 #bag p9e-apple1 #bag plum1 #bag raspb]ry1 #bah /rawb]ry1 #bah ,ess5ces & v9eg>s1 fumigat+1 #bfd-bff pa/illes1 p[d]s1 etc41 = fumigat+1 #bfb-bga ,ess5tial or volatile oils1 occurr5ce (1 9 plants1 #ca ,e/] or e!r numb]1 #hb ,e!r1 apple1 #baf apricot1 #baf *]ry1 #baf or e/] numb]1 #hb pe>1 #baf p9e-apple1 #baf /rawb]ry1 #baf ,e!rs1 fruit1 #bjj-bah ,e?yl acetate1 or acetic e?yl1 #bja-bjd b5zoate1 or b5zoic e!r1 #bjd1 #bje butyrate1 or butyric e!r1 #bje-baj =mate1 or =mic e?yl e!r1 #baj1 #baa nitrite1 or nitr\s e!r1 #baa-bad ,eucalypt5e1 #aaa ,eucalyptol1 #aaa ,eucalyptus oil1 #aaj1 #aaa t9cture1 #bce ,eug5ol1 #ajc1 #aji ,expression ( volatile oils1 #cf-ci ,extract1 conc5trat$ fl[]1 #bde pat*\li1 #bcc sp9a*1 #bci ,extraction ( volatile oils1 #dh-eh or mac]ation ( fl[]s1 #bhf1 #bhg ,extracts1 alcoholic1 f fl[] pomades1 app>atus =1 #bbc-bbe & t9ctures1 #bbe-bcg ,extrait acacia1 #bcg b\quet ,eug5ie1 #bda ,pr9ce ,alb]t1 #bdc ,victoria1 #bdb1 #bdh cassie1 #bcg *ypre1 #bdc1 #bdd1 #bdg de violette de ,p>me1 #bci1 #bdj edelweiss1 #bdj ess-b\quet1 #bdj1 #bda1 #bdg excelsior1 #bda fleurs de ,mai1 #bch ,frangipani1 #bda1 #bdi hliotrope1 #bcg ixora1 #bci1 #bdh1 #bdi jac9!1 #bcg1 #bch jasm91 #bch jockey club1 #bda1 #bdb jonquille1 #bch kiss-me-quick1 #bdc lily ( ! valley1 #bch magnolia1 #bch m>*al1 #bdd ,may fl[]s1 #bch millefleurs1 #bdb mogadore1 #bdc m\ssel9e1 #bdd muguet1 #bch1 #bdh musk1 #bdc new-m[n hay1 #bdc1 #bdg ,extract opopanax1 #bdb orange1 #bci pat*\li1 #bdb rsda1 #bdj1 #bdf rose1 #bdf v4 d4 c5tifolie1 #bci spr+-fl[]1 #bda1 #bdh tub]euse1 #bdj violette1 #bci1 #bdf :ite rose1 #bci ylang-ylang1 #bdj1 #bdf1 #bdg ,extraits aux fleurs1 #bai1 #bcg-bdj d'odeurs1 #bai triple conc5trs1 #bdd1 #bde ,face1 pa9t+ !1 practis$ by ! ,hebrew wom51 #ai ,family pomade1 #bij1 #bia vasel9e pomade1 #bif ,f>9e d'am&es amres1 #cbi de noisette1 #cbh ,fat mixtures = hair pomades1 #bhh1 #bhi pa9ts1 #cda1 #cdb ,fats1 animal1 prep>ation (1 = ! reception ( p]fumes1 #bd = pomades & hair oils1 #bhd protection (1 aga9/ rancidity1 #bhe purification (1 #bhe1 #bhf ,f$]]'s1 ,c4 ,f41 te/ = pepp]m9t oil1 #ace ,f5nel oil1 #aaa1 #aab ,filt]1 illu/rat$ & describ$1 #ch1 #ci ,filtration ( express$ oils1 #cg-ci ,flake-:ite1 #ccf ,flor5t9e flasks1 #df1 #dg ,florida wat]1 #cjh1 #cji ,fl[] brilliant9e1 #cjf1 #cjg extract1 conc5trat$1 #bde fumigat+ ess5ce1 hliotrope1 #bfd hair oil1 #cja pomades1 #bhf1 #bhg extraction (1 #bba-bbe ,fl[]s = ! production ( volatile oils1 localities be/ suit$ = ! cultivation (1 #cb1 #cc mac]ation or extraction (1 #bhf1 #bhg ,=mic e?yl e!r1 or e?yl =mate1 #baj1 #baa ,france1 cultivation ( ! bitt] orange 91 #abf extravagant use ( r\ge 91 #bh1 #bi gold5 age = toilet articles 91 #bg-bi introduction ( ! arts ( ! toilet into1 #bg old process ( mac]ation 91 #ei ,frangipani sa*et p[d]1 #beh ,frank9c5se1 9 anci5t times1 #ai-ba or olibanum1 #agf1 #agg ,fr5* & ,african g]anium oils1 #aab1 #aac oil ( turp5t9e1 #adh pat*\li oil1 #aca p]fum]s1 anci5t1 privileges (1 #bi1 #cj pomades 7fl[] pomades71 f9e1 #bhf1 #bhg ,fruit e!rs1 #bjj-bah ,fu*s9e1 detection ( alcohol by1 #fi ,fumigat+ ag5ts1 dry1 objections to1 #bfc1 #bfd balsam1 #bfe1 #bff ess5ces & v9eg>s1 #bfd-bff pa/illes1 p[d]s1 etc41 #bfb-bga lacqu]1 #bgj1 #bga mode (1 #bfb1 #bfc object (1 #bfb pap]1 #bfh pa/illes1 #bfh-bgj ord9>y black1 #bfi r$1 #bfi p[d]1 ord9>y1 #bff1 #bfg violet1 #bfg p[d]s1 #bff-bfh prejudice aga9/1 #bfb v9eg>1 #bff wat]1 #bff ,funnel1 sep>atory1 #dg ,g]aniol1 #aab ,g]anium oil1 ,ea/ ,indian1 #aab ,g]anium oil1 palm>osa oil1 ,turki% g]anium oil1 #aab t9cture1 #bce oils1 ,fr5* & ,african1 #aab1 #aac ,g]man curl$-m9t oil1 #acb ,g]man oil ( turp5t9e1 #adh pepp]m9t oil1 #acb1 #acc ,g]many1 manufacture ( rose oil 91 f indig5\s roses1 #acf ,glyc]9 cream1 #ccb = d5tifrices1 #bgc1 #bgd gele1 #ccb hair tonic1 #caj jelly1 #ccb1 #ccc p]fum$ ) fruit odor1 #cbh ) rose odor1 #cbh ,grape ess5ce1 #bag ,greeks1 practice ( ano9t+ ! body by !1 #ba ,gre5 camomile oil1 #ii ,guaiacum reaction1 ,hag]'s1 #gh-hj ,gummi myrrha1 #agb-agf res9a myrrha1 #agb-agf ,gum-res9s1 #aee1 #aef ,guy de ,*anlios1 receipts = cosmetics 9 ! works (1 #bf ,hag]'s alcohol & sulphuric acid te/1 #gh ,hag]'s guaiacum reaction1 #gh-hj tann9 te/1 #fi-ga ,hair1 copp] salts = dye+ !1 #cae1 #caf dye1 bismu?1 #cbj black1 #cba br[n1 #cba copp]1 #cbb potassium p]manganate1 #cbj requirem5ts ( a good1 #cad tann91 #cba1 #cbb ,turki%1 #caf walnut1 #cbj dyes1 #cad-cbb d\ble1 #cba1 #cbb silv]1 #cba s+le1 #cai1 #cbj use (1 9 anci5t ,rome1 #be gre5 walnut %ells = dye+ !1 #cah h5na = dye+ !1 #cag1 #cah iron salts = dye+ !1 #caf lead salts = dye+ !1 #cae nitrate ( silv] = dye+ !1 #cae oil1 alp9e h]b1 #cja burdock root1 #cjb ,hair oil1 *eap1 #cjc1 #cjd f9e1 #cjb1 #cjc fl[]1 #cja jasm9e1 #cjc macass>1 #cjb mignonette1 #cjb n]oli1 #cjb ,p]u1 #cjb ,p]uvian b>k1 #cja1 #cjb philocome1 #cjc ,portugal1 #cjc rose1 #cjd sultana1 #cjd tonka1 #cjd vanilla1 #cjc vasel9e1 #cjc ,victoria1 #cjd violet1 #cjd ylang-ylang1 #cjc oils1 #cjj-cjd & pomades1 fats =1 #bhd p]oxide ( hydrog5 = blea*+ !1 #cah pomade1 f9e1 #bia = promot+ ! gr[? ( !1 #bia pomades1 #bhe-cjj accord+ to ! ,g]man me?od1 #bhh-bie color+ sub/ances =1 #bhf f9e ,fr5*1 #bhf1 #bhg f\ndations =1 #bhh1 #bhi hair oils1 & hair tonics1 hair dyes & depilatories1 #bhd-cbc potassium p]manganate = dye+ !1 #caf pyrogallic acid = dye+ !1 #caf /a91 pyrogallic1 #cbj tonics1 #cjh-cad ,h&s1 *app$1 prep>ations =1 #ccc1 #ccd wa% = !1 #ccd ,hebrews1 anci5t1 p]fume-sub/ances kn[n to !1 #ai ,heliotrope pomade1 #bia1 #bib sa*et p[d]1 #beg ,heliotrop9 or pip]onal1 #aic-aie t9cture1 #bcb ,h5na-fl[]1 use ( !1 = p]fum+1 #ai ,h5na = dye+ ! hair1 #cag1 #cah ,h]b pomade1 #bib ,h]odotus on ! mode ( ga9+ olibanum1 #ai1 #bj ,heyl's di/ill+ app>atus1 #eg1 #eh extract+ app>atus1 #ed-eg ,hi/orical notice ( p]fum]y1 #ag-cj ,hit*9 & ,mit*an lav5d] oil1 #aae ,honey almond pa/e1 #cbi wat]1 #caj ,hoppe's nitroprusside ( copp] te/1 #ge-gh ,horse fat1 #bhd1 #bhe ,hbl's iod9e me?od1 #hj1 #ha ,hufel&'s1 ,dr41 too?-p[d]1 #bhj too?-soap1 #bhb1 #bhc ,huile antique la rose1 #cja au jasm91 #cja ,huiles antiques1 #cja ,hydrog51 p]oxide (1 = blea*+ ! hair1 #cah ,ice pomade1 #bij ,indian balsam1 :ite1 #agb ,infusion or mac]ation1 process (1 #eh-fj ,iod9e me?od1 ,hbl's1 #hj1 #ha te/ )1 #gd1 #ge ,iron salts = dye+ ! hair1 #caf ,italy1 p]fumes & cosmetics 91 #bf1 #bg ,japanese pepp]m9t oil1 #acb1 #acc ,jasm91 ess5ce de1 #aad ,jasm9e hair oil1 #cjc oil or oil ( jessam9e1 #aac1 #aad pomade1 #bib ,jessam9e1 oil (1 or jasm9e oil1 #aac1 #aad ,jockey club sa*et1 #beg ,junip]-b]ry t9cture1 #bcc ,junip] odor1 #bfe oil1 #aad ,kab>d9 musk1 #agi1 #ahj ,kahol1 #cag ,k>si1 #cai ,ki5oel1 #adi ,kohol1 #cai ,koph]1 #ai ,kremel's saponification te/1 #ha1 #hb ,kr9o*rom1 #cbb ,krummholz oil1 #adi ,kypros1 #ai ,lacqu]1 fumigat+1 #bgj1 #bga ,lait1 d'am&es amres1 #cbg ,lait de lys1 #cbh de rose1 #cbf1 #cbg virg9al1 #cbf ,lanol9 pomade1 #bib1 #bic ,lats*5oel1 #adi ,lav&e ,montblanc1 ess5ce de1 #aae ,lav5d] odor solid p]fume1 #bfj oil1 #aae1 #aaf adult]ations (1 #aaf t9cture1 #bce ,lead salts = dye+ ! hair1 #cae :ite1 #ccf ,lea!r1 p]fum$1 #cj ,lebonah1 #ai-ba ,l$]91 #bhf ,lemon ess5ce1 #bag grass-oil t9cture1 #bce oil1 #aaf-aba conv]sion ( oil ( turp5t9e into1 #ahi1 #aij t9cture1 #bce ,lic>i oil1 l9alo oil1 #abb t9cture1 #bce ,lilac oil1 #aba ,lily milk1 #cbh ( ! valley sa*et p[d]1 #beh vasel9e pomade1 #bif ,limes1 oil (1 #aba1 #abb ,l9alo oil1 lic>i oil1 #abb ,lip-salve1 #ccd1 #cce ,lip-salves & cold creams1 #cca-cce ,liquid amb>1 #agb pa9ts1 #cdj-cdb r\ge1 #cdj1 #cda /orax1 #afh-aga ,locock's lotion = ! hair1 #caa ,lotion1 d&ruff1 #cab ,locock's1 = ! hair1 #caa %ampoo1 #caa ,lubah1 #ai-ba ,lun> cau/ic = dye+ ! hair1 #cae ,macass> hair oil1 #cjb pomade1 #bib ,mace oil1 #abd ,mac]ation or extraction ( fl[]s1 #bhf1 #bhg or infusion1 process (1 #eh-fj ,magnesia1 #ccf ,m&>9 oil1 #abe1 #abf ,m>9ello's "w on ,cosmetics = ,ladies1 #bg ,m>joram oils1 #abb1 #abc ,maum5's te/1 #hb1 #hc ,meal1 almond1 #cbi nut1 #cbh ,meals & pa/es1 p]fum$1 #cbh-cca ,melanogne1 #cbb ,melon ess5ce1 #bag ,m5?ol1 #acc pung5t1 #bfj ,mess9a1 yield ( lemon oil 91 #abj ,me?yl salicylate1 #aea artificial production (1 #aeb1 #aec ,mi]z9ski's =mul = bay rum1 #cac1 #cad ,mignonette hair oil1 #cjb oil1 #abc pomade1 #bic vasel9e pomade1 #bif ,milk1 almond1 #cbg lily1 #cbh rose1 #cbf1 #cbg virg9al1 #cbf ,millefleurs fumigat+ pa/illes1 #bgj ,m9t1 curl$1 oil (1 #acb ,mirbane1 oil (1 #aii ,mit*an & ,hit*9 lav5d] oil1 #aae ,monfalcone's1 ,d41 di/ill+ app>atus = lemon oil1 #aah-abj ,mos*us ex vesicis1 #ahj ,moses1 ! holy oil prescrib$ by1 #ba ,m\*e or beauty pat*1 #bh ,m\?- & too?-wat]s1 #bgd-bgg wat]s & d5tifrices1 color+ sub/ances =1 #bgb d5tifrices1 etc41 #bgb-bhc ,musk1 #ca1 #agh-ahd adult]ations (1 #ahc1 #ahd artificial1 #ahb1 #ahc fumigat+ pa/illes1 #bfi1 #bgj ,musk-rat1 ,am]ican1 musk ( !1 #aha1 #ahb root or sumbul-root t9cture1 #bca sa*et p[d]1 #bei sac1 h[ to op5 a1 #ahj sacs1 illu/rat$ & describ$1 #agh1 #agi se$ or abelmosk t9cture1 #bcj1 #bca sub/itutes =1 #aha1 #ahb t9cture1 #bbh ,myri/ic91 #abd ,myron1 #ba ,myrrh1 #agb-agf adult]ations (1 #age1 #agf oil1 #abc1 #abd t9cture1 #bce t9cture1 #bcj too?-t9cture1 #bgf ,myrrha electa1 #agc 9 sortis1 #agc vulg>is1 #agc ,myrrh91 #agd ,myrrhol1 #agd ,myrtol1 #abc1 #abd ,nail-p[d]1 #ccd ,n]oli hair oil1 #cjb ,n]oli oil1 adult]ations (1 #abg1 #abh or orange-fl[] oil1 #abf-abi t9cture1 #bce petale1 #abg pomade1 #bic vasel9e pomade1 #bif ,new-m[n hay fumigat+ p[d]1 #bfg1 #bfh sa*et p[d]1 #bei ,nitrate ( bismu?1 #cce1 #ccf ( silv] = dye+ ! hair1 #cae ,nitrob5zol1 #aih-bjj adult]ations (1 #aii ,nitroprusside ( copp] te/1 #ge-gh ,nitr\s e!r1 or e?yl nitrite1 #baa-bad ,nut meal1 #cbh ,nutmeg oils1 #abd1 #abe ,odont9e1 #bge or too?-pa/e1 #bgg1 #bgh pa/e1 #bgh ,odor & ta/e1 te/+ !1 ( volatile oils1 #ff1 #fg ,odors1 comp\nd1 #bdj-bde ,oil1 ca/or1 det]m9ation (1 9 volatile oil1 #fg1 #fh fat1 adult]ation )1 ( volatile oil1 #fg1 #fh ! holy1 prescrib$ by ,moses1 #ba volatile1 app>atus = det]m9+ ! p]c5tage (1 9 a vegetable sub/ance1 #dj1 #da = ! di/illation (1 #da-df ,plan*on's proc$ure = ! recognition ( a1 #hc-hf sep>ation ( !1 & wat]1 #df1 #dg te/+ ! odor (1 #ff ! ta/e (1 #fg ,oils1 fat1 treatm5t (1 ) b5zo91 #cjj1 #cja oxyg5at$1 behavior (1 t[>ds nitroprusside ( copp]1 #gf-gh p]fum+ (1 #fa1 #fb volatile1 #cc-fe anci5t mode ( di/ill+1 #bd app>atus = ! extraction (1 #dh-eg *>act]i/ics (1 #cc1 #cd conc5trat$1 #ce detection ( adult]ations (1 ) an oil ( l[] quality1 #gd-hc di/illation (1 #ci-dh division (1 ) ref]5ce to ! guaiacum reaction1 #gi1 #hj expression (1 #cf-ci extraction (1 #dh-eh extra /rong1 #ce = ,cologne wat]1 durability (1 #bej1 #bea localities be/ suit$ = ! cultivation ( fl[]s = ! production (1 #cb1 #cc modes ( obta9+1 #cf-fe or ess5tial1 occurr5ce (1 9 plants1 #ca pat5t$1 #ce pr9cipal divisions (1 #cd solubility (1 #cc /orage (1 #fe te/+ (1 #ff-hf !1 us$ 9 p]fum]y1 #hg-aed ,o9tm5t mak]s1 anci5t1 condition (1 #bd1 #be rose1 accord+ to ,dioscorides1 #bc1 #bd ,o9tm5ts1 directions = prep>+1 9 anci5t works1 #bc1 #bd =eign1 edict aga9/1 9 ,rome1 #bb = ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! body us$ by ! ,a!nians1 #bb ,oleum abietes1 #adi canad5sis1 #adi1 #aej amygdal am>1 #hg-ic anisi1 #ic1 #id an!midis1 #ii1 #ajj an?os1 #add1 #ade cajeputi1 #ih1 #ii c>ui1 #ajj1 #aja c>yophylli1 #ajh-aaj cassi1 #ajc1 #ajd c$ri1 #aja c9namoni ceylonici1 #ajb1 #ajc citri1 #ajf1 #ajg eucalypti1 #aaj1 #aaa au/rale1 #aaj florum aurantii1 #abf-abi fniculi1 #aaa1 #aab gaul!ri1 #aea-aec g]anii1 #aab1 #aac iridis1 #abi1 #acj iva ran*usa1 #aej1 #aea junip]i1 #aad lauroc]asi1 #aja1 #ajb lav&ul1 #aae1 #aaf ligni rhodii1 #ade s&ali1 #ade sassafras1 #ade-adg limett1 #aba1 #abb limonis1 #aaf-aba macidis1 #abd m5? crisp1 #acb pip]it1 #acb-ace pulegii1 #ace1 #acf myr?1 #abc1 #acd naph1 #abf-abi n]oli1 #abf-abi nuci/ !reum1 #abd petit gra91 #abi pim5ta1 #acf p9i1 #adi pumilionis1 #adi rsd1 #abc rosem>9i1 #add1 #ade templ9um1 #adi unon1 #aec1 #aed ,olibanum 9 anci5t times1 #ai-ba or frank9c5se1 #agf1 #agg t9cture1 #bcj ,opiat liquide p\r les d5ts1 #bhj1 #bha ,opopanax1 #agf oil1 #abe t9cture1 #bce t9cture1 #bcj ,orange1 bitt]1 localities = ! cultivation ( !1 #abf ess5ce1 #bag fl[] oil1 or n]oli oil1 #abf-abi wat]1 #abh fumigat+ p[d]1 #bfg peel oil1 #abe sa*et p[d]1 #bei ,ori5tal fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce1 #bfe pomade1 #bic ,orris-root oil1 #abi1 #acj liquid1 #beg t9cture1 #bce t9cture1 #bca ,orris /e>opt5e1 #abi ,pa9t1 f9e r$1 #ccg ord9>y r$1 #ccf1 #ccg r$ /ick1 #cci :ite1 #ccg liquid1 #cda /ick1 #cdj ,pa9ts1 #cce-cdb fat1 #cda1 #cdb liquid1 #cdj-cdb prep>ation (1 #ccg-cci pulv]ul5t1 #cce1 #ccf solid1 #ccf-cdj use (1 by ! ,roman ladies1 #be ,pal]mo1 yield ( lemon oil 91 #abj ,palm>osa oil1 g]anium oil1 ,turki% g]anium oil1 #aab ,pap]1 fumigat+1 #bfh ,p>aff9e1 solid p]fumes )1 #bei1 #bfj ,p>aguay1 manufacture ( petit-gra9 oil 91 #abi ,p>is1 annual sale ( p]fum]y 91 #bi1 #cj ,pa/e1 honey almond1 #cbi ,pa/es & meals1 p]fum$1 #cbh-cca & p[d]s = ! tee?1 #bgg-bhc ,pa/illes1 fumigat+1 #bfh-bgj p[d]s1 ess5ces1 etc41 = fumigat+1 #bfb-bga ,pat*\li-camphor1 #aca ,pat*\li extract1 #bcc leaves1 #acj1 #aca oil1 #acj-acb t9cture1 #bce sa*et p[d]1 #beh ,pate d'am&es au miel1 #cbi ,pea* ess5ce1 #bag k]nels1 use (1 9 ! fabrication ( bitt]-almond oil1 #hh ,pe> ess5ce1 #bag e!r1 #baf ,p5ang pat*\li oil1 #aca ,pepp]m9t oil1 adult]ants (1 #acd1 #ace oils1 #acb-acf ,am]ican1 ,engli%1 & ,g]man1 mode ( di/+ui%+1 #acc1 #acd ,pepp]1 p]fume-sub/ance f1 #aid ,p]fum$ meals & pa/es1 #cbh-cca ,p]fume-mat]ials1 artificial1 #ahi-bah = ! manufacture ( p]fum]y1 #ca-fe sub/ances1 consumption (1 by ! anci5t ,romans1 #bd consumption (1 by ! e>ly nations ( ! ,ori5t1 #ag f ! animal k+dom1 #agh-ahh ,p]fum]ies & cosmetics 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 #bf1 #bg ,p]fum]1 ! actual fl[] g>d5 ( !1 #cb :at ! art ( !1 consi/s 91 #bai ,p]fum]s1 ,fr5*1 anci5t privileges (1 #bi1 #cj ,p]fum]y1 annual sale (1 9 ,p>is1 #bi1 #cj hi/orical notice (1 #ag-cj p]fume-sub/ances = !manufacture (1 #ca-fe ! volatile oils us$ 91 #hg-aed use (1 9 ,engl&1 #cj ,p]fumes1 alcoholic1 #bai-bee & cosmetics 9 ,italy1 #bf1 #bg dry1 #bef-bfa prep>ation ( animal fats = ! reception (1 #bd solid1 ) p>aff9e1 #bei1 #bfj ,p]oxide ( hydrog5 = blea*+ ! hair1 #cah ,p]u balsam1 #aei-aff adult]ants (1 #afb oil1 #afa /ati/ics (1 #afb te/s =1 #afb-aff t9cture1 #bbi :ite1 #agb hair oil1 #cjb ,p]uvian balsam1 :ite1 #afj1 #afa b>k hair oil1 #cja1 #cjb ,petit-gra9 oil1 #abi t9cture1 #bcf ,petroleum-e!r1 #dh z te/+ ag5t = ,p]u balsam1 #afc ,philocome hair oil1 #cjc ,pim5to oil1 or oil ( allspice1 #acf ,p9eapple ess5ce1 #bag e!r1 #baf ,p9e-leaf oil1 #adi t9cture1 #bcf ,p9e odor = atomiz+1 #bfe oil1 #adi ,pip]ate1 potassium1 #aid ,pip]9e1 #aid ,pip]onal1 h[ obta9$1 #aid1 #aie or heliotrop91 #aic-aie ,piv]'s app>atus = mac]ation1 #ei1 #fj = ! absorption process1 #fc1 #fd ,plan*on's proc$ure = ! recognition ( a volatile oil1 #hc-hf ,plants1 families (1 ri*e/ 9 volatile oils1 #cb occurr5ce ( volatile oils 91 #ca ,pl9y's acc\nt ( olibanum1 #bj1 #ba ,hi/oria naturalis1 #bc ,plum ess5ce1 #bag ,plut>* on ! extravagant use ( o9tm5ts 9 ,rome1 #bb1 #bc ,p>aff9 ice pomade1 #bic ,poley oil1 #ace1 #acf ,pomade1 apple1 #bhi be>'s grease1 #bhi beef-m>r[1 #bid b5zo91 #bij black wax1 #bii blonde wax1 #bii b\quet vasel9e1 #bif br[n wax1 #bii1 #cjj ca/or oil1 #bic *eap1 #bic wax1 #bij ,d5sdorf1 #bij emp]or1 #bjb extra f9e vasel9e1 #bih family1 #bij1 #bia vasel9e1 #bif f9e1 #bia1 #bid vasel9e 7yell[71 #big = promot+ ! gr[? ( ! hair1 #bia hliotrope1 #bia1 #bib h]b1 #bib ice1 #bij jasm9e1 #bib lanol91 #bib1 #bic lily ( ! valley vasel9e1 #bif macass>1 #bib mignonette1 #bic vasel9e1 #bif n]oli1 #bic vasel9e1 #bif ori5tal1 #bic p>aff9 ice1 #bic ,portugal1 #bib vasel9e1 #bif pr9cess1 #bic1 #bid qu99e1 #bhi1 #bij 7imitation71 #bij res91 #cjj ,rog]s's1 = produc+ a be>d1 #bid rose1 #bid wax1 #bii salicylic1 #bid /ick1 manufacture (1 #bih1 #bii /rawb]ry1 #bia tonka1 #bid1 #bie vanilla1 #bie vasel9e 7r$71 #big 7:ite71 #big f\ndations =1 #bif ,victoria1 #bid vasel9e1 #big1 #bih violet1 #bie ,virg9ia vasel9e1 #big walnut1 #bie ,pomades1 #bhe-cjj accord+ to ! ,g]man me?od1 #bhh-bie & hair oils1 fats =1 #bhd color+ sub/ances =1 #bhf designation ( ! qualities (1 #bai1 #bbj f\ndations =1 #bhh1 #bhi res91 #bih /ick1 #bih-cjj f\ndations =1 #bih vasel9e1 #bie-bih wax1 #bih ,pommade l'acacia1 #bhg la fleur d'orange1 #bhg la rose1 #bhg l'hliotrope1 #bhg ,portugal hair oil1 #cjc oil1 #abe t9cture1 #bcf pomade1 #bib vasel9e pomade1 #bif ,potassium p]manganate = dye+ ! hair1 #caf hair dye1 #cbj pip]ate1 #aid ,p\dre d',algr9e1 #bha1 #bhb de corail1 #bhj de riz la rose1 #cbi1 #ccj de riz la violette1 #ccj de riz b\quet1 #cca de riz hliotrope1 #ccj de riz ixora1 #cca de riz muguet1 #ccj1 #cca de riz orange1 #ccj d5tifrice1 #bgi ,p[d] = color+ int5sely r$1 #ccf new-m[n hay fumigat+1 #bfg1 #bfh orange fumigat+1 #bfg ord9>y fumigat+1 #bff1 #bfg rose fumigat+1 #bfg ,p[d]s1 #cce1 #ccf & pa/es = ! tee?1 #bgg-bhc fumigat+1 #bff-bfh mixtures =1 #ccf pa/illes1 & ess5ces1 etc41 = fumigat+1 #bfb-bga ,pre/on salt1 #bfj ,pr9cess pomade1 #bic1 #bid ,pyrogallic acid = dye+ ! hair1 #caf hair /a91 #cbj ,qu99e pomade1 #bhi1 #bij 7imitation71 #bij too?-wat]1 #bgf ,raspb]ry ess5ce1 #bah ,ra/ikopetra1 #caf ,rcami] cream1 #ccc ,r$ pa9t1 f9e1 #ccg ord9>y1 #ccf1 #ccg /ick pa9t1 #cci ?yme oil1 #adg ,reggio1 mode ( manufactur+ b]gamot oil 91 #aah ,rsda sa*et p[d]1 #beh1 #bei ,res9 pomade1 #cjj pomades1 #bih ,res9s & balsams1 #aee-agg def9ition (1 #aee diffusion (1 9 ! vegetable k+dom1 #aef elem5t>y con/itu5ts (1 #aee h>d1 #aee s(t1 #aee1 #aef ,rhazes1 receipts = cosmetics 9 ! writ+s (1 #bf ,rhodium oil1 or rosewood oil1 #ade ,rhusma1 #cbb1 #cbc ,righ9i's me?od = te/+ b]gamot oil1 #ih ,rog]s's pomade = produc+ a be>d1 #bid ,romans1 anci5t1 consumption ( p]fume-sub/ances by !1 #bd ,rome1 introduction ( o9tm5ts 91 #bb ,plut>* on ! extravagant use ( o9tm5ts 91 #bb1 #bc ,rosa alba1 #acg damasc5a1 #acg ,rose b&ol9e1 #cje fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce1 #bfd fumigat+ pa/illes1 #bgj p[d]1 #bfg hair oil1 #cjd milk1 #cbf1 #cbg oil1 adult]ants (1 #adb adult]ation (1 9 ,bulg>ia #adj det]m9ation ( sp]maceti 91 #adc1 #add insulation & det]m9ation ( ! /e>opt5e 91 #aci1 #adj judg+ ! g5u95ess (1 #aci liquid1 #aci or att> ( roses1 #acf-add pr9cipal localities ( production (1 #acf te/ =1 #adc us$ 9 ,bulg>ia1 #ada t9cture1 #bcf1 #bcg o9tm5t1 accord+ to ,dioscorides1 #bc1 #bd pomade1 #bid wax pomade1 #bii ,rosem>y oil1 #add1 #ade ,roses1 cream (1 #ccc ,rosewood oil1 or rhodium oil1 #ade ,r\ge1 #ccf1 #ccg en feuilles1 #cdj extravagant use (1 9 ,france1 #bh1 #bi liquid1 #cdj1 #cda m\ld+ (1 into /icks1 #cci /ick1 #cci ,russian or ,sib]ian ca/or1 #ahe1 #ahf musk1 #agi1 #ahj ,sa*et la rose1 #beg la violette1 #beg aux millefleurs1 #beh jockey club1 #beg p[d]1 ess-b\quet1 #bei ,frangipani1 #beh hliotrope1 #beg lily ( ! valley1 #beh musk1 #bei new-m[n hay1 #bei orange1 #bei pat*\li1 #beh rsda1 #beh1 #bei ,victoria1 #beh ylang-ylang1 #beg p[d]s1 #bef-bei ,safr5e1 #adf ,safrol1 #adf1 #adg ,/4 ,john's bread or c>ob1 #bji ,salicylic pomade1 #bid ,salts1 smell+1 #bfj1 #bfa ,salve1 ,cyprian1 #ai ,s&al-wood oil1 #ade t9cture1 #bcf ,saud>ac1 #agg ,s&>ac91 #agg ,saponace\s too?-wa%1 #bhc ,saponification numb]1 #ha te/1 ,kremel's1 #ha1 #hb ,sassafras oil1 #ade-adg ,s>torius ylang-ylang oil1 #aed ,s*immel ,co4's directions = bay rum1 #cac directions = ! quantitative det]m9ation ( c9namaldehyde1 #ajd-ajf improv$ /ill1 #dd-df ,sep>ator-funnel1 #dg ,%ampoo liquid1 #caa1 #cab lotion1 #caa ,sib]ian or ,russian ca/or1 #ahe1 #ahf musk1 #agi1 #ahj ,silv]1 nitrate (1 = dye+ ! hair1 #cae ,s+le hair dyes1 #cai1 #cbj ,siphon /ill1 #da1 #db ,sk9 cosmetics1 #cbd-cbh ,smell+ salts1 #bfj1 #bfa ,soap = d5tifrices1 #bgc ,solid pa9ts1 #ccf-cdj ,solubility ( volatile oils1 #cc ,sozodont1 #bge ,spani% m>joram oil1 #abb1 #abc ,sp]maceti1 det]m9ation (1 9 rose oil1 #adc1 #add ,spike oil1 #aae ,sp9a* extract1 #bci ,_s ( w9e1 or alcohol1 detection (1 9 volatile oil1 #fh-ga ,sponge-process = obta9+ lemon oil1 #aaf1 #aag ,/ahl's too?-t9cture1 #bgf ,/> anise oil1 #id1 #ie ,/e>opt5e1 #cc ( rose oil1 #ach ,/ick pa9t1 :ite1 #cdj pomade1 manufacture (1 #bih1 #bii pomad]1 #bih-cjj f\ndations =1 #bih r\ge1 #cci ,/ill1 = direct /eam1 #dc1 #dd improv$1 #dd-df ,/ill1 ord9>y1 conv]sion (1 into use ) /eam1 #db1 #dc siphon1 #da1 #db ,/ohman's te/ = oil ( cloves1 #aji ,/orax1 #afh-agb ,am]ican1 #agb 9 gra9s1 #aga liquid1 #afh-aga adult]ations (1 #agj1 #aga ord9>y1 #aga1 #agb t9cture1 #bcj ,/rawb]ry ess5ce1 #bah e!r1 #baf pomade1 #bia ,/yrac91 #agj ,/yrax calamitus1 #aga1 #agb vulg>is1 #aga1 #agb ,/yrol1 #afi1 #agj ,sultana hair oil1 #cjd ,sumbul root1 or musk-root t9cture1 #bca ,tann9 hair dye1 #cba1 #cbb ,ta/e & odor1 te/+ !1 ( volatile oils1 #ff1 #fg ,tea hair tonic1 #caj1 #caa ,te9ture ,*9oise 7,kohol71 #cai ,ori5tale 7,k>si71 #cai ,templ9 oil1 #adi ,t]p5es1 #ce1 #cf adult]ations ( volatile oil )1 #gc ,t]pil5e1 #ahi1 #aij ,te/+ volatile oils1 #ff-hf ,!ophra/us's "w ,on ,p]fumes1 #bc ,?ibet or ,ori5tal musk1 #agh1 #agi ,?ym5e1 #adg ,?yme oil1 #adg1 #adh f ! field ?yme1 #adg1 #adh ,?ymol1 #adg1 #bgc too?-pa/e1 #bgh too?-p[d]1 #bgi too?-wat]1 #bgd ,t9cture1 amb]gris1 #bbi angelica-root1 #bca balm-oil1 #bcd basil-oil1 #bcd b5zo91 #bbi b]gamot-oil1 #bcd bitt] almond-oil1 #bcd canango-oil1 #bcd cassia-oil1 #bce ca/or1 #bbi c$>-oil1 #bce c9namon-oil1 #bce citronella-oil1 #bce civet1 #bbh clove-oil1 #bce cum>91 #bcb eucalyptus-oil1 #bce g]anium-oil1 #bce heliotrop91 #bcb junip]-b]ry1 #bcc lav5d]-oil1 #bce lemon-grass oil1 #bce lemon-oil1 #bce lic>i-oil1 #bce musk1 #bbh root or sumbul-root1 #bca se$ or abelmosk1 #bcj1 #bca myrrh1 #bcj oil1 #bce n]oli-oil1 #bce olibanum1 #bcj opopanax1 #bcj oil1 #bce orris-root1 #bca oil1 #bce pat*\li-oil1 #bce ,p]u-balsam1 #bbi petit-gra9-oil1 #bcf p9e-leaf-oil1 #bcf ,portugal-oil1 #bcf rose-oil1 #bcf1 #bcg s&al-wood-oil1 #bcf /orax1 #bcj tolu-balsam1 #bbi1 #bcj tonka-bean1 #bca1 #bcb vanilla1 #bcb vanill91 #bcb v]b5a-oil1 #bcf vitiv]t1 #bcc oil1 #bcf w9t]gre5-oil1 #bcf ylang-ylang-oil1 #bcf ,t9ctures & extracts1 #bbe-bcg app>atus = ! prep>ation (1 #bbf1 #bbg ,toilet articles1 gold5 age =1 9 ,france1 #bg-bi arts ( !1 9 anci5t times1 #ah introduction ( ! arts ( !1 into ,france1 #bg v9eg>1 #cbf ,tolu balsam1 #aff-afh new v>iety (1 #afg1 #afh ,tolu balsam1 t9cture1 #bbi1 #bcj ,tolu5e1 #aff1 #afg ,tonka beans1 #aia1 #aib bean t9cture1 #bca1 #bcb hair oil1 #cjd pomade1 #bid1 #bie ,tonk9 musk1 #agh1 #agi *>act]i/ics (1 #ahj1 #aha ,too?-& m\?-wat]s1 #bgd-bgg pa/e or odont9e1 #bgg1 #bgh pa/es & too?-p[d]s1 #bgg-bhc p[d]1 ,dr4 ,hufel&'s1 #bhj p[d]s & too?-pa/es1 #bgg-bhc prep>ation (1 #bgi soap1 #bhc ,dr4 ,hufel&'s1 #bhb1 #bhc t9cture1 ,dr4 ,/ahl's1 #bgf t9ctures1 use (1 #bgf1 #bgg ,trotula1 works (1 #bf ,turki% g]anium oil1 palm>osa oil1 g]anium oil1 #aab hair dye1 #caf ,turp5t9e1 oil (1 #adh-aej conv]sion (1 into lemon oil1 #ahi1 #aij ,unit$ ,/ates1 adaptation ( "s di/ricts (1 = ! cultivation ( plants1 #cc ,val]ianic e!r1 or amyl val]ate1 #bad-baf e?yl e!r1 #baf ,vanilla1 #aie1 #aif hair oil1 #cjc pomade1 #bie t9cture1 #bcb ,vanill91 #aie-aih adult]ation (1 #aih prep>ation (1 #aif1 #aig t9cture1 #bcb ,vasel9e cold cream1 #cca hair oil1 #cjc pomade1 extra f9e1 #bih f9e 7yell[71 #big 7r$71 #big 7:ite71 #big pomades1 #bie-bih f\ndations =1 #bif ,v5etian oil ( turp5t9e1 #adh ,v]b5a oil1 #aej t9cture1 #bcf ,vetiv] oil1 or vitiv]t oil1 #aej1 #aea ,victoria hair oil1 #cjd pomade1 #bid sa*et p[d]1 #beh vasel9e pomade1 #big1 #bih ,v9aigre de ,bully1 #cbd de toilette1 #cbe de toilette l'hliotrope1 #cbe de toilette la rose1 #cbd de toilette la violette1 #cbd de toilette orange1 #cbe ,v9eg>1 aromatic1 #cbe1 #cbf fumigat+1 #bff toilet1 #cbf ,v9eg>s & ess5ces1 fumigat+1 #bfd-bff ,violet-fl[] fumigat+ ess5ce1 #bfe ,violet fumigat+ pa/illes1 #bgj p[d]1 #bfg hair oil1 #cjd m\?-wat]1 #bge oil (1 #aej pomade1 #bie too?-p[d]1 #bgi ,virg9al milk1 #cbf ,virg9ia vasel9e pomade1 #big ,vitiv]t-oil t9cture1 #bcf ,vitiv]t1 or vetiv] oil1 #aej1 #aea t9cture1 #bcc ,volatile oil1 app>atus = det]m9+ ! p]c5tage (1 9 a vegetable sub/ance1 #dj1 #da app>atus = ! di/illation (1 #da-df ,plan*on's proc$ure = ! recognition ( a1 #hc-hf sep>ation ( !1 & #df1 #dg te/+ ! odor (1 #ff ! ta/e (1 #fg oils1 #cc-fe anci5t me?od ( di/ill+1 #bd app>atus = ! extraction (1 #dh-eg *>act]i/ics (1 #cc1 #cd conc5trat$1 #ce detection ( adult]ations (1 ) an oil ( l[] quality1 #gd-hc di/illation (1 #ci-dh division (1 ) ref]5ce to ! guaiacum reaction1 #gi1 #hj expression (1 #cf-ci extraction (1 #dh-eh extra /rong1 #ce = ,cologne wat]1 durability (1 #bej1 #bea localities be/ suit$ = ! cultivation ( fl[]s = ! production (1 #cb1 #cc modes ( obta9+1 #cf-fe pat5t$1 #ce pr9cipal divisions (1 #cd solubility (1 #cc /orage (1 #fe te/+ (1 #ff-hf !1 us$ 9 p]fum]y1 #hg-aed or ess5tial oils1 occurr5ce (1 9 plants1 #ca ,walnut hair dye1 #cbj pomade1 #bie %ells1 gre51 = dye+ ! hair1 #cah ,wa%es1 #cbf-cbh ,wa% = ! h&s1 #ccd ,wat]1 fumigat+1 #bff sep>ation ( !1 & oil1 #df1 #dg ,wax pomade1 *eap1 #cjj pomades1 #bih ,:ite lead1 #ccf liquid pa9t1 #cda pa9t1 #ccg rose solid p]fume1 #bei smell+ salts1 #bfj1 #bfa /ick pa9t1 #cdj ?yme oil1 #adg too?-p[d]1 #bhj ,williams1 ,f4 ,r41 utilization ( ,maum5's te/ by1 #hb1 #hc ,w9t]gre5 oil1 #aea-aec adult]ation (1 #aec t9cture1 #bcf ,ylang-ylang hair oil1 #cjc oil1 #aec1 #aed t9cture1 #bcf sa*et p[d]1 #beg ,yunnan musk1 #agh1 #agi ,zibe?um1 #ahd1 #ahe ,z9c :ite1 #ccf ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,v>iable use ( acc5ts & ligatures has be5 /&>dis$ to ensure compatibility betwe5 text & index4 ,! ref]5ce 9 ! index to oleum uon has be5 correct$ to oleum unon4 ,! index li/s ,pomade - *eap - wax at page #cij1 :i* does n exi/4 ,?is has be5 *ang$ to #bij4 ,footnotes #ab & #ac1 m]ely repeat footnote #aa1 s h be5 remov$ & all ref]5ces *ang$ to footnote #aa4 ,italics are %[n ?us italic & subscripts ?us #b4