,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics71 & text enclos$ by equal signs is 9 bold 7bold74 ,additional ,transcrib]'s ,notes are at ! end1 includ+ "s corrections to ! text4 99 99 99 99 99 ,illu/ration3 ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,*emical ,,tricks ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,*emical ,,tricks4 ,conta9+ ,ov] ,"o ,hundr$ ,highly ,amus+ & ,in/ructive ,tricks ,) ,*emicals4 ,by ,a4 ,,&]son4 ,,h&somely ,,illu/rat$4 ,,new ,,york3 ,,frank ,,t\sey1 ,publi%]1 #bd ,,union ,,squ>e4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ent]$ accord+ to ,act ( ,congress1 9 ! ye> #ahih1 by ,,frank ,,t\sey1 9 ! ,(fice ( ! ,libr>ian ( ,congress at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,h[ ,,to ,,d ,,*emical ,,tricks4 ,f ! remote/ ages *emi/ry has ex]cis$ ! /ronge/ fasc9ation on ! m9ds ( ! curi\s1 nor is x a matt] ( surprise t boys %\ld feel !mselves drawn /rongly by its my/]y & seem+ magic4 ,?is attraction is und\bt$ly caus$ by :at ! anci5ts call$ ! elem5ts1 e>?1 air1 fire & wat]4 ,!re is some?+ s weird ab\t ! manife/ation ( air & fire1 t x is n difficult to und]/& h[ ! al*emi/s believ$ !m to be =ces able to be us$ at ! bidd+ ( spirits1 :o might be conjur$ up by incantations & spells4 ,n[ x is kn[n t ^! uncanny be+s exi/$ only 9 ! imag9ation ( ! =]unn]s ( mod]n *emi/s4 ,yet :at boy c look on ! brilliantly color$ fires ( a ,f\r? ( ,july display1 or ! burni%$ gold ( ! sett+ sun1 or ! fanta/ic pictures 9 ! gl[+ coals 9 a grate1 & n feel t !re is /ill some?+ ( magic & my/]y 9 fire /ill8 ,:at ! boy feels1 ! sci5ti/ _c expla94 ,nobody kn[s actually :at fire is4 ,all t c be said is t fire is produc$ by c]ta9 sub/ances1 su* z coals1 wood1 or pap]1 t give out heat1 :ile pass+ f "o /ate to ano!r4 ,n[ ! ^w 8elem5t0 0 & is us$ to mean t simple/ =m ( matt]1 :i*1 ) o!r simple/ =ms goes to make up ! :ole _w ( ev]y?+ 9 x4 ,! e>?1 animals1 plants1 ! sea1 ! atmosph]e1 are all made up ( "o or m ( "s sev5ty sub/ances call$ elem5ts4 ,h5ce x is cle> t ! e>?1 air & wat] are n1 z ! anci5ts ?\ght1 elem5ts at all4 ,z w be se5 9 ?is little book1 bo? air & wat] consi/ ( mixtures ( elem5ts4 ,9 *emi/ry su* mixtures are call$ comp\nds4 ,?is ^w occurs aga9 & aga91 s its explanation %\ld be rememb]$4 ,"o great fact mu/ be rememb]$1 :i* is at ! v root ( *emi/ry4 ,no?+ is really lo/1 h[ev] mu* its =m may be *ang$1 or h[ev] _m *anges x may pass ?r\gh4 ,= in/ance1 x may seem t :5 a block ( wood be burn$ t a v l>ge am\nt ( x is lo/4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! a%es1 ! smoke1 & ! c>bon t is burn$ by ! air be all weigh$1 ! result w\ld be exactly ! same z ! weight ( ! orig9al block ( wood4 ,aga9 take an in/ance ( a diff]5t nature4 ,a lump ( sug> is plac$ 9 a small glass ( wat]4 ,gradually ! solid is dissolv$1 & 9 "t disappe>s4 ,x is n lo/1 h[ev]4 ,by boil+ ! mixture until all ! wat] has evaporat$ ! sug> w be f\nd adh]+ z cry/als on ! sides ( ! glass4 ,if ^! be c>efully collect$1 !y w be f\nd to weigh precisely z mu* z ! orig9al lump ( sug>4 ,once m1 take a block ( ice weigh+ an ounce4 ,hav+ remov$ x into a room1 ! solid w 9 an h\r or two h disappe>$ entirely1 b ! wat] t has replac$ ! block ( ice w weigh nei!r m nor less ?an an ounce4 ,if aga9 heat be appli$ to ! wat] x w all disappe>1 b if weigh$ 9 a jam j>1 ! /eam1 al?\gh invisible to ! eye1 w /ill weigh "o ounce exactly4 ,f ! above-giv5 exp]im5ts x may be se5 t1 h[ev] matt] may *ange its =m x _c really be de/roy$4 ,?is tru? w appe> 9 e exp]im5t t c be p]=m$1 :e!r ^? giv5 9 ?is little book or 9 ! mo/ le>n$ treatise on *emi/ry4 ,*emical ,aff9ity4 ,?is high-s\nd+ t]m means t sub/ances h a p[] ( unit+ toge!r t c be bett] expla9$ by an exp]im5t4 ,all[ a few drops ( wat] to fall on a p]fectly clean piece ( iron4 ,9 a %ort "t a r$di%-br[n sub/ance w appe> on ! iron t 9 ord9>y language is call$ ru/4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,wat] is a comp\nd sub/ance compos$ ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 b :5 br\ght into contact ) iron ! oxyg5 pref]s to unite ) ! iron & sets ! hydrog5 free4 ,h5ce1 w\ld ! *emi/ say1 oxyg5 has a 8/rong] aff9ity0 = iron ?an = hydrog54 ,9 ?is case ! ru/ is compos$ ( ru/1 a comb9ation ( iron & oxyg5 call$ oxide ( iron4 ,:at has tak5 place may be %[n by ! foll[+1 :i* w be easily und]/ood3 ,oxyg5 ,wat] ,iron ,oxide ,hydrog5 ( ,iron ,hydrog54 ,s all t ! *emical comb9ation 9 ! above means is t ! iron has tak5 ! place ( ! hydrog5 9 ! wat] us$ = ! exp]im5t4 ,if weigh$ x w\ld be f\nd z always1 t ! wat] & ! iron weigh$ precisely ! same z ! oxide ( iron & ! hydrog54 ,x is to ?is same pr9ciple ( *emical aff9ity t ! curi\s exp]im5ts ( magic writ+ ) sympa!tic inks are possible4 ,sympa!tic ,inks4 ,by means ( ^! may be c>ri$ on a correspond5ce :i* is beyond ! discov]y ( all n 9 ! secret4 ,) "o class ( ^! inks ! writ+ becomes visible only :5 moi/5$ ) a p>ticul> solution4 ,?us1 if we write to y ) a solution ( sulphate ( iron ! lett]s are invisible4 ,on ! receipt ( our lett]1 y rub ov] ! %eet a fea!r or sponge1 wet ) a solution ( nut-galls1 & ! lett]s bur/ =? into s5sible be+ at once1 & are p]man5t4 #b4 ,if we write ) a solution ( sug> ( lead & y moi/5 ) a sponge or p5cil dipp$ 9 wat] impregnat$ ) sulphurett$ hydrog51 ! lett]s w appe> ) metallic brilliancy4 #c4 ,if we write ) a weak solution ( sulphate ( copp]1 & y apply ammonia1 ! lett]s assume a beautiful blue4 ,:5 ! ammonia evaporates z x does on exposure to ! sun or fire1 ! writ+ disappe>s1 b may be reviv$ aga9 z be=e4 #d4 ,if y write ) oil ( vitriol v mu* dilut$1 s z to prev5t its de/roy+ ! pap]1 ! manuscript w be invisible except :5 held to ! fire1 :5 ! lett]s w appe> black4 #e4 ,write ) cobalt dissolv$ 9 dilut$ muriatic acid2 ! lett]s w be invisible :5 cold1 b :5 w>m$ !y w appe> a blui% gre54 ,secrets ?us writt5 w n be br\ght to ! k ( a /rang]1 because he does n "k ! solution :i* 0 us$ 9 writ+1 & !re=e kn[s n :at to apply to br+ out ! lett]s4 ,o!r =ms ( elective aff9ity produce equally novel results4 ,?us1 two invisible gases1 :5 comb9$1 =m sometimes a visible solid4 ,muriatic acid & ammonia are examples1 also ammonia & c>bonic acid4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if a solution ( sulphate ( soda be mix$ ) a solution ( muriate ( lime ! :ole becomes solid4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s gases :5 unit$ =m liquids1 z oxyg5 & hydrog51 :i* unite & =m wat]4 ,"s solids :5 comb9$ =m liquids4 ,*emical aff9ity is sometimes call$ elective1 or ! effect ( *oice1 z if "o sub/ance ex]t$ a k9d ( pref]5ce = ano!r1 & *ose to be unit$ to x r ?an to t ) :i* x 0 previ\sly comb9$2 ?us1 if y p\r "s v9eg>1 :i* is a weak acetic acid1 ^u "s pe>la% 7a comb9ation ( pota% & c>bonic acid71 or "s c>bonate ( soda 7a comb9ation ( ! same acid ) soda71 a viol5t eff]vesc5ce w take place1 occasion$ by ! escape ( ! c>bonic acid1 displac$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! pota% or soda pref]r+ ! acetic acid1 & =m+ a comp\nd call$ an acetate4 ,!n1 if "s sulphuric acid be p\r$ on ?is new comp\nd1 ! acetic acid w1 9 its turn1 be displac$ by ! great] atta*m5t ( ei!r ( ! bases1 z !y are t]m$1 = ! sulphuric acid4 ,aga91 if into a solution ( blue vitriol 7a comb9ation ( sulphuric acid ) copp]71 ! bright blade ( a knife be introduc$1 ! knife w spe$ily be cov]$ ) a coat ( copp]1 deposit$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! acid pref]r+ ! iron ( :i* ! knife is made1 a quantity ( x be+ dissolv$ 9 exact proportion to ! quantity ( copp] deposit$4 ,x is on ! same pr9ciple t a v beautiful prep>ation call$ a silv]-tree1 or a lead-tree1 may be =m$1 ?us3 ,fill a wide bottle1 capable ( hold+ f half a p9t to a p9t1 ) a tol]ably /rong solution ( nitrate ( silv] 7lun> cau/ic71 or acetate ( lead1 9 pure di/ill$ wat]4 ,!n atta* a small piece ( z9c by a /r+ to ! cork or /opp] ( ! bottle1 s t ! z9c %all hang ab\t ! middle ( ! bottle1 & set x by :]e x may be q undi/urb$4 ,9 a %ort "t brilliant plates ( silv] or lead1 z ! case may be1 w be se5 to collect ar\nd ! piece ( z9c1 assum+ m or less ( ! cry/all9e =m4 ,?is is a case ( elective aff9ity2 ! acid ) :i* ! silv] or lead 0 unit$ pref]s ! z9c to ei!r ( ^? metals1 & 9 consequ5ce disc>ds !m 9 ord] to atta* ! z9c to itself2 & ?is process w cont9ue until ! :ole ( ! z9c is tak5 up1 or ! :ole ( ! silv] or lead deposit$4 ,alum ,baskets4 ,=m a small basket ab\t ! size ( ! h&1 ( iron wire or split will[2 !n take "s cotton1 su* z ladies use = runn+ into fl\nces2 untwi/ x & w9d x r\nd e limb ( ! basket4 ,boil eighte5 ounces ( alum 9 a qu>t ( wat]1 or quantities 9 t proportion2 /ir ! mixture :ile boil+ until ! alum is completely dissolv$4 ,p\r ! solution into a deep pan1 or o!r conv5i5t vessel1 & susp5d ! basket 9 ! liquor1 s t no "p ( ! basket %all t\* ! vessel1 or be expos$ to ! air4 ,let ! :ole rema9 p]fectly at re/ = tw5ty-f\r h\rs4 ,:5 y !n remove ! basket ! alum w be f\nd v prettily cry/alliz$ ov] all ! limbs ( ! cotton$ frame4 ,easy ,cry/allizations4 ,saturate wat] kept boil+ ) alum2 !n set ! solution 9 a cool place1 susp5d+ 9 x1 by a hair1 or f9e silk ?read1 a c9d]1 a sprig ( a plant1 or any o!r trifle4 ,z ! solution cools1 a beautiful cry/allization ( ! salt takes place ^u ! c9d]s1 etc41 :i* are made to resemble specim5s ( m9]alogical sp>s4 ,to ,make a ,piece ( ,*>coal ,appe> z ,?\gh x 7 ,coat$ ) ,gold4 ,dilute a saturat$ solution ( *loride ( gold ) five times its bulk ( wat]2 place a ?9 /rip ( fre% burn$ *>coal into x1 & apply heat1 gradually increas+ x until ! solution g5tly boils4 ,! heat w make ! *>coal precipitate ! metal on ! *>coal1 9 ! =m ( brilliant spangles4 ,to ,give a ,piece ( ,*>coal a ,ri* ,coat ( ,silv]4 ,lay a cry/al ( nitrate ( silv] ^u a piece ( burn+ *>coal2 ! metallic salt w cat* fire1 & ?r[ out ! mo/ beautiful sc9tillations t c be imag9$4 ,! silv] is r$uc$1 &1 9 ! end1 produces ^u ! *>coal a v brilliant appe>ance4 ,_m animal & vegetable sub/ances1 consi/1 = ! mo/ "p1 ( c>bon1 or *>coal1 unit$ ) oxyg5 & hydrog51 :i* rememb]1 toge!r comb9$1 =m wat]4 ,n[ oil ( vitriol or /rong sulphuric acid1 has s p[]ful an aff9ity or s great a ?ir/ = wat]1 t x w ab/ract x f almo/ any body 9 :i* x exi/s4 ,if y p\r "s ( ?is acid on a lump ( sug>1 or place a *ip ( wood 9 a small quantity ( x1 ! sug> or wood w become spe$ily black5$1 t is *>r$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! oxyg5 & hydrog5 be+ remov$ by ! sulphuric acid1 & only ! c>bon or *>coal left4 ,:5 ,cleopatra dissolv$ pe>ls ( wondr\s value 9 v9eg>1 %e 0 unwitt+ly giv+ an example ( *emical aff9ity4 ,! pe>l is simply c>bonate ( lime /or$ up by ! oy/] 9 lay]s4 ,consequ5tly ! preci\s jewels 7 decompos$ by ! great] aff9ity or fondness ( lime = ! acetic acid 9 ! v9eg>1 ?an = ! c>bonic acid ) :i* x _h be5 be=e unit$4 ,?is 0 an example ( incon/ancy 9 /rong contra/ ) ! conduct ( _! own]1 :o *ose dea? r ?an become ! wife ( h] lov]'s conqu]or4 ,combu/ion4 ,x is necess>y to di/+ui% betwe5 burn+ & ! m]e appe>ance ( x4 ,a gas flame is gas 9 a /ate ( combu/ion1 :]eas ! electric light is no example ( x1 al?\gh ! wire )9 ! glass5 cyl9d] is r$ hot1 & to all appe>ance burn+4 ,combu/ion g5]ally takes place ?r\gh ! /rong aff9ity ( "s elem5t1 su* z c>bon 9 a sub/ance = ! oxyg5 9 ! atmosph]e4 ,9 coal gas1 = in/ance1 ! c>bon conta9$ 9 x unites ) ! oxyg5 9 ! air to =m a colorless sub/ance call$ c>bonic acid gas4 ,! latt] is unable to support life1 & may be call$1 !re=e1 poison\s4 ,x is ! pres5ce ( ?is gas :i* makes x unheal?y to burn _m jets )\t prop] v5tilation4 ,also1 c>bonic acid gas is giv5 (f by ! lungs4 ,x may seem curi\s1 b x is none ! less true1 t brea?+ is a process ( combu/ion4 ,! blood br+s to ! surface ( ! lungs ! c>bon1 :i* has result$ f ! wa/e ( ! int]nal organs ( ! body4 ,:5 draw+ 9 a brea? ! oxyg5 pres5t 9 ! atmosph]e meets ! impure blood at ! surface ( ! lungs1 & purifies x by unit+ ) ! c>bon 9 x4 ,!n1 ?\gh oxyg5 has be5 brea!d 91 c>bonic acid gas has be5 brea!d out4 ,to prove ?is w be int]e/+3 ,obta9 f a *emi/ a little lime wat]--two c5ts wor? w d4 ,x looks l ord9>y wat]1 be+ p]fectly transp>5t & colorless4 ,p\r "s into a clean glass1 & ?r\gh a glass tube bl[ /eadily into ! wat]4 ,9 half a m9ute ! hi!rto colorless liquid w become milky & opaque4 ,if all[$ to /& !re w fall d[n at ! bottom ( ! glass a :ite p[d]4 ,:at has happ5$ 9 ?is case8 ,! c>bonic acid gas f ! lungs has =m$ ) ! lime 9 ! lime wat] a sub/ance call$ c>bonate ( lime1 :i*1 be+ insoluble 9 wat]1 falls to ! bottom ( ! glass z a :ite p[d]4 ,if c>bonic acid gas 7 n pres5t 9 ! air bl[n f ! lungs1 ?is milk9ess w\ld n appe>1 = no o!r gas1 except ?is1 w\ld alt] ! lime wat]'s cle>ness4 ,*emi/ry ( ,! ,air4 ,be=e proce$+ fur!r1 x w be well to p]=m "o or two exp]im5ts1 to prove t ! air we brea! is by no means ! simple sub/ance x is g5]ally suppos$ to be4 ,al?\gh x is invisible1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t x presses ) a =ce ( ov] fifte5 p\nds to ! squ>e in*1 ov] ! :ole surface ( ! e>?4 ,x ext5ds1 too1 to a height ( "s =ty miles above ! e>?1 & ?\gh x _c be se51 x c be felt 9 ! ru% ( ! hurricane1 & he>d 9 ! ro> ( ! tempe/4 ,x is *iefly compos$ ( a mixture ( two gases1 oxyg5 & nitrog54 ,did ! air consi/ entirely ( ! =m]1 p w\ld brea! too quickly1 & die 9 a v %ort "t 9 a high fev]1 burn$ up1 9 fact4 ,if only consi/+ ( nitrog51 ! human race w\ld also die1 because ?is elem5t is incapable ( support+ life2 p w\ld be suffocat$1 9 fact4 ,!re=e1 a judici\s mixture ( ! two is ess5tial to ! life ( animals4 ,g5]ally1 9 a hundr$ p>ts ( air by weight !re are sev5ty-six p>ts ( nitrog5 to tw5ty-?ree ( oxyg54 ,besides ^! two gases1 !re is also a quantity ( c>bonic acid gas 9 ! air1 giv5 (f by all ! fires & animals 9 ! _w4 ,( c\rse1 its am\nt is mu* great] 9 ! great t[ns & manufactur+ c5t]s ?an 9 c\ntry di/ricts4 ,n[ h]e9 mu/ be record$ "o ( ^! *>m+ arrangem5ts :i* ,nature has design$ = ! b5efit ( h] *ildr54 ,c>bonic acid gas is mu* heavi] ?an ! air1 &1 !re=e1 s9ks t[>ds ! gr\nd1 :]e1 if all[$ to accumulate1 w\ld cause ! dea? ( e animal4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 plants brea! 9 ?r\gh _! leaves c>bonic acid gas dur+ sun%9e1 & break x up into c>bon & oxyg54 ,! =m]1 !y use = build+ up _! trunks1 leaves1 & fl[]s1 :ile dur+ ! night !y give (f oxyg5 into ! air4 ,?is is ! reason :y plants & trees plant$ 9 ! /reets s l>gely help to sweet5 & purify ! f\l air ( a great city4 99 99 99 99 99 ,an exp]im5t to prove t ! atmosph]e does consi/ ( nitrog5 & oxyg51 may be prettily prov$ 9 ! foll[+ simple mann]3 ,a glass m>malade j>1 or a s\p-plate fill$ ) wat]1 & a piece ( phosphorus z l>ge z a pea1 are ! only ?+s necess>y4 ,take v great c>e n to t\* ! phosphorus1 = ! heat ( ! h& is suffici5t to set x on fire1 & a t]rible w\nd w\ld be caus$4 ,place ! phosphorus 9 a mat*-box on ! surface ( ! wat]1 t\* x ) a light$ mat*1 & put ! j>-m\? d[nw>ds ov] x to ! bottom ( ! plate4 ,! phosphorus burns ) a dazzl+ brilliancy1 & gives (f d5se :ite fumes4 ,at ! same "t ! wat] rises a ?ird ( ! way up ! j>1 b n to ! top1 ?us %[+ t all ! invisible matt] has n be5 consum$4 ,! :ite soon settles into ! wat] & is dissolv$4 ,! phosphorus has comb9$ ) ! oxyg5 9 ! j> & =ms phosphoric oxide1 :i* dissolves 9 wat]4 ,!re is !n only ! nitrog5 left4 ,! disappe>ance ( ! oxyg5 all[s ! wat] to fill up ! space x =m]ly occupi$4 ,?is may be foll[$ by ano!r exp]im5t4 ,to %[ t oxyg5 is necess>y = ! support ( combu/ion1 fix two or ?ree pieces ( wax tap] on flat pieces ( cork1 & set !m float+ on wat] 9 a s\p-plate1 light !m1 & inv]t ov] !m a glass j>4 ,z !y burn1 ! heat produc$ may p]haps at fir/ exp& ! air1 s z to =ce a small quantity out ( ! j>1 b ! wat] w soon rise 9 ! j>1 & cont9ue to d s until ! tap]s expire1 :5 y w f9d t a consid]able portion ( ! air has disappe>$1 & :at rema9s w no long] support flame4 ,! oxyg5 has be5 conv]t$ p>tly into wat]1 & p>tly into c>bonic acid gas1 by unit+ ) ! c>bon & hydrog5 ( :i* ! tap] consi/s1 & ! rema9+ air is pr9cipally nitrog51 ) "s c>bonic acid4 ,! pres5ce ( ! latt] may be prov$ by decant+ "s ( ! rema9+ air into a bottle1 & !n %ak+ "s lime wat] ) x1 :i* w absorb ! c>bonic acid & =m *alk4 ,into an ale glass1 two ?irds full ( wat] at ab\t #adj degrees1 drop "o or two pieces ( phosphorus ab\t ! size ( peas1 & !y w rema9 unalt]$4 ,!n take a bladd] conta9+ oxyg5 gas1 to :i* is atta*$ a /op cock & a long f9e tube4 ,pass ! end ( ! tube to ! bottom ( ! wat]1 turn ! /op cock1 & press ! bladd] g5tly4 ,z ! gas rea*es ! phosphorus x w take fire1 & burn "u ! wat] ) a brilliant flame1 fill+ ! glass ) brilliant fla%es ( light da%+ ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,into ano!r glass put "s cold wat]2 introduce c>efully "s ( ! salt call$ *lorate ( pota%2 ^u t drop a piece ( phosphorus2 !n let "s /rong sulphuric acid 7oil ( vitriol7 trickle sl[ly d[n ! side ( ! glass1 or introduce x by means ( a dropp+ bottle4 ,z soon z ! acid t\*es ! salt ! latt] is decompos$1 & lib]ates a gas :i* ignites ! phosphorus1 produc+ mu* ! same appe>ance z 9 ! la/ exp]im5t4 ,into ! half ( a brok5 phial put "s *lorate ( pota%1 & p\r 9 "s oil ( vitriol4 ,! phial w soon be fill$ ) a heavy gas ( a deep yell[ color4 ,tie a small te/ tube at "r angles to ! end ( a /ick n less ?an a y>d long1 put a little e!r into ! tube1 & p\r x g5tly into ! phial ( gas1 :5 an in/antane\s explosion w take place1 & ! e!r w be set on fire4 ,?is exp]im5t %\ld be p]=m$ 9 a place :]e !re are no articles ( furniture to be damag$1 z ! +r$i5ts are (t5 scatt]$ by ! explosion1 & ! oil ( vitriol de/roys all animal & vegetable sub/ances4 ,into a j> conta9+ oxyg5 gas introduce a coil ( s(t iron wire1 susp5d$ to a cork t fits ! neck ( ! j> & hav+ atta*$ a small piece ( *>coal to ! l[] "p ( ! wire1 ignite ! *>coal4 ,! iron w take fire & burn ) a brilliant light1 ?r[+ out bright sc9tillations1 :i* are oxide ( iron1 =m$ by ! union ( ! gas ) ! iron2 & !y are s int5sely hot t "s ( !m w probably melt _! way into ! sides ( ! j>1 if n ?r\gh !m4 ,b by f> ! mo/ int5se heat1 & mo/ brilliant light1 may be produc$ by introduc+ a piece ( phosphorus into a j> ( oxyg54 ,! phosphorus may be plac$ 9 a small copp] cup1 ) a long h&le ( ?ick wire pass+ ?r\gh a hole 9 a cork t fits ! j>4 ,! phosphorus mu/ fir/ be ignit$2 & z soon z x is introduc$ into ! oxyg51 x gives out a light s brilliant t no eye c be> x1 & ! :ole j> appe>s fill$ ) an int5sely lum9\s atmosph]e4 ,x is well to dilute ! oxyg5 ) ab\t "o-f\r? "p ( common air1 to mod]ate ! int5se heat1 :i* is ne>ly c]ta9 to break ! j> if pure oxyg5 is us$4 ,! foll[+ exp]im5t %[s ! production ( heat by *emical action alone3 ,bruise "s fre%-prep>$ cry/als ( nitrate ( copp]1 spread !m ov] a piece ( t9 foil1 spr9kle !m ) a little wat]2 !n fold up ! foil tightly1 z rapidly z possible1 & 9 a m9ute or two x w become r$ hot1 ! t9 app>5tly burn+ away4 ,?is heat is produc$ by ! en]getic action ( ! t9 on ! nitrate ( copp]1 tak+ away its oxyg5 9 ord] to unite ) ! nitric acid1 = :i*1 z well z = ! oxyg5 ! t9 has a mu* great] aff9ity ?an ! copp] has4 ,illu/ration ,combu/ion )\t flame may be %[n 9 a v elegant & agreeable mann]1 by tak+ a coil ( plat9um wire & twi/+ x r\nd ! /em ( a tobacco pipe1 or any cyl9drical body = a doz5 times or s1 leav+ ab\t an in* /raight1 :i* %\ld be ins]t$ into ! wick ( a _s lamp4 ,light ! lamp1 & aft] x has burn$ = a m9ute or two1 ext+ui% ! flame quickly2 ! wire w soon become r$ hot1 &1 if kept f draughts ( air1 w cont9ue to burn until all ! _s is consum$4 ,spongy plat9um1 z x is call$1 answ]s r bett] ?an wire1 & has be5 employ$ 9 ! =mation ( fumigators = ! draw+-room1 9 :i*1 in/ead ( pure _s1 "s p]fume1 su* z lav5d] wat]1 is us$2 by its combu/ion an agreeable odor is diffus$ ?r\gh ! ap>tm5t4 ,^! little lamps 7 mu* 9 vogue a few ye>s ago1 b are n[ ne>ly out ( fa%ion4 ,f9ally1 all ! read]s ( ?is little book %\ld be v c>eful 9 p]=m+ all exp]im5ts4 ,if possible1 he %\ld use a room ) a /one floor & no curta9s1 :ile an ou?\se ) an e>!n floor is /ill less dang]\s4 ,amateur ,air ,pump4 ,a mo/ int]e/+ class ( exp]im5ts c be made ) an air pump1 a piece ( app>atus un=tunately beyond ! pocket-money supply ( ! av]age boy4 ,nev]!less1 if ! foll[+ in/ructions are exactly foll[$ & c>efully c>ri$ out1 a v excell5t air pump c be made at a comp>atively small co/4 ,"s pretty1 z well z int]e/+ results w amply repay y = ! tr\ble y take to make ! pump4 ,al?\gh ! air seems s light 9 comp>ison ) wat] or a heavy metal l iron1 y mu/ rememb] t x really presses ^u e squ>e in* ( ! e>?'s surface1 aye1 on e squ>e in* ( y\r own bodies1 ) a =ce ( f\rte5 & a half p\nds4 ,9 o!r words1 ! weight ( ! air at ! sea level re/+ on ea* squ>e in* ( surface weighs f\rte5 & a half p\nds4 ,don't be fright5$1 boys1 at ! explanation ( "o ^w t mu/ be us$ 9 connection ) air exp]im5ts4 ,! ^w is vacuum4 ,vacuum really means an empty space1 devoid ( all matt]1 ev5 ( air4 ,al?\gh x seems easy to ?9k ( an empty space1 x is q impossible to exhau/ a space ( all matt]1 ev5 ( air4 ,= ?is reason1 ! al*emi/s ( ! middle ages us$ to say3 8,nature abhors a vacuum40 ,?is 0 only _! way ( say+ h[ impossible x 0 to make a space1 su* z ! inside ( a vessel1 q empty4 ,yet x is possible to r$uce ! am\nt ( air 9 a vessel almo/ to no?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,n[ = ! pump4 ,9 ! fir/ place obta9 ?ree pieces ( gutta-p]*a tub+ ( ! foll[+ l5g?s3 ,no4 #a4--;,a tube twelve & a half in*es long1 measur+ outside two & a half1 inside "o & a half in*es 9 circumf]5ce4 ,no4 #b4--,?is mu/ be sev5 & a half in*es long1 "o & a half in*es outside1 & an in* inside4 ,no4 #c4--,?is is a l5g? ( tub+ ab\t sixty in*es long1 two & a half in*es 9 outside circumf]5ce1 & at lea/ an in* ?ick4 ,if an in* & a half ?ick all ! bett]1 z x w be m air-tight4 ,divide tube ,no4 #b into two equal p>ts1 cutt+ f "r to left at an angle ( #de degrees4 ,into "o ( ! p>ts fit a plug ( h>d wood pi]c$ l5g?wise by a r$ hot wire 7fig4 #a72 ! figure %[s ! %ape ( x suffici5tly4 ,9 ! holl[ side cut a small op5+1 & ov] ?is tie v tightly a b& ( flexible india-rubb] 7fig4 #c74 ,?is b& w s]ve z ! valve ( ! pi/on ( ! pump4 ,figs4 #c & #d give a side & front view ( ?is valve4 ,great c>e mu/ be tak5 nei!r to split ! plug 9 bor+ ! hole nor to cut ! tube4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #d4 ,?is valve mu/ n[ be ins]t$ 9 ! l>ge tube ,no4 #a1 z se5 9 fig4 #b4 ,at ! o!r end ( ! l>ge tube1 :i* w s]ve z ! body ( ! pump1 at ,b fig4 #b1 fix a simil> valve to ! above1 b ! india-rubb] b& mu/ be fix$ on ! o!r side ( ! valve z at ,b fig4 #b4 ,! fitt+ ,a w s]ve = escape1 ! second = )draw+ ! air f ! space to be exhau/$4 ,f9ally fix tube ,no4 #c on valves ,a or ,b1 fig4 #b1 accord+ to y\r wi% to produce a vacuum or to compress ! air4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #e4 ,by means ( a p$al made simply ) two bo>ds put toge!r on h+es 7fig4 #e71 "o press$ ) ! foot1 ! air conta9$ 9 ! body ( ! pump 7fig4 #b7 t5ds to escape4 ,x !re=e lifts ! valve ( ! fitt+ fix$ at ,a1 & escapes ?r\gh ! flexible ela/ic b& ti$ ov] ! hole 9 ! holl[ side ( tube ,no4 #b4 ,if ! pressure ceases ! big tube1 on acc\nt ( its own ela/icity1 takes its =m] =m & sucks 9 ! air4 ,?is "t x is ! valve at ,b :i* is lift$ & lets pass ! air :i* fills ! body ( ! pump4 ,if "o has fix$ on to ! fitt+ at ,b1 ! long india-rubb] tube ,no4 #c1 :i* is plung$ 9 a receiv]--a receiv] is any vessel 9 :i* ! air is exhau/$1 or into :i* x is =c$--x is easily und]/ood t aft] a few moves ( ! p$al1 ! air is drawn out1 & a vacuum is obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #f4 ,if "o wi%es to h a =ce-pump "o has only to modify slightly ! con/ruction ( ! valve4 ,in/ead ( a b& ( india-rubb] fix$ z %[n 9 fig4 #c1 x is alt]$ z 9 fig4 #d1 t is to say ! valve is =m$ by a b& ( supple india-rubb] fa/5$ by two tacks only on "o side ( ! op5+ 9 ! side ( ! plug4 ,= ?is object x is also necess>y to take /rong] tubes4 ,let u n[ review ! few exp]im5ts t c be made ) ?is ma*9e4 ,9 ord] to conduct exp]im5ts a receiv] mu/ be obta9$4 ,! be/ vessel = y\r purpose is a l>ge bell-j> ) a gr\nd glass /opp] & neck to insure absolute tightness4 ,su* a j> may be *eaply obta9$ at a sci5tific in/rum5t mak]'s = ab\t sev5ty-five c5ts4 ,if y _c get a bell-j> procure a #d-lb4 jam pot & a tightly-fitt+ bung4 ,9 ! middle ( ! latt] bore a hole to admit a glass tube1 "s six in*es long & an in* 9 diamet]1 & !n seal+-wax ! :ole ( ! upp] surface ( ! bung s t air _c ent]4 ,ov] ! project+ end ( ! glass tube1 b9d v tightly ! free end ( ! long tub+ affix$ to ! pump4 ,to ensure tight b9d+1 wax$ ?read %\ld be us$4 ,asphyxia4 ,put a m\se--x is necess>y to cat* him fir/--into ! receiv]1 & "w ! pump4 ,soon ! animal w %[ all ! signs ( be+ *ok$1 & ev5tually w die4 ,?is is pro( suffici5t t animals _c live )\t air4 ,illu/ration ,balloon 9 ,vacuum4 ,place 9 ! receiv] a small bladd]1 su* z are sold 9 ! /reets = a few c5ts4 ,wet x a little to make x m supple4 ,n[1 9 ! ord9>y way ! air inside ! bladd] ex]ts ! same pressure on ! sk9 ( ! bladd] z does ! air on ! outside4 ,n[ "w ! p$al s t ! air 9 ! receiv] is gradually exhau/$4 ,! bladd] w be se5 to gradually swell & f9ally bur/4 ,x bur/s because z ! air 9 ! receiv] is exhau/$ by ! pump1 ! air outside ! bladd] ex]ts a less =ce ?an ! air inside4 ,b ! air inside is conf9$ by ! bladd] sk91 a n v /rong mat]ial1 z y "k1 s z soon z ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! inside & outside pressures is great] ?an ! /r5g? ( ! bladd]1 ! latt] bur/s4 ,?is exp]im5t also %[s ! expansible p[] ( air4 ,illu/ration ,boil+ ,cold ,wat]4 ,place 9 ! receiv] a tumbl] ( cold wat] & "w ! pump z be=e4 ,9 a few m9utes1 z soon z ! air is suffici5tly exhau/$1 ! wat] w app>5tly boil4 ,yet y "k ! wat] does n boil 9 a kettle unless heat$ to #bab degrees4 ,?is ph5om5on is ?us expla9$3 ,! vacuum causes ! air-bubbles conta9$ 9 ! wat] to escape4 ,!y easily d s1 because !re is sc>cely any res]ve on ! surface ( ! liquid 7see fig474 ,illu/ration ,a ,suck+ ,tube4 ,?is =ce1 ! pressure ( ! air :i* y h j asc]ta9$1 supplies v>i\s exp]im5ts 9 its illu/ration4 ,take a t9 tube1 = example1 ! t9 hold] ( a p5ny p51 :i* y may procure at any /ation]'s4 ,put a little wat] 9 x & make x boil s t ! /eam takes ! place ( ! air4 ,:5 /eam+ furi\sly /op ! m\? ( ! tube ) a small cork1 seal+ ! op5+ h]metically4 ,oil x a little1 s x may glide ) ease4 ,if y cool ! tube by plung+ x 9 a bas9 ( cold wat]1 = example1 ! /eam is cond5s$1 =m+ a vacuum 9 ! int]ior1 & "u ! atmosph]ic pressure ! cork w glide d[n4 ,fa/5 a /r+ to ! cork & y c )draw x & beg9 ! op]ation aga94 ,z ! wat] gets hot1 /eam is re=m$2 y w see ! cork come up aga94 ,a capital way ( mak+ ?is cork is to /ick ! tube 9 a piece ( potato1 cutt+ out ( ! latt] a p]fectly-fitt+ cork4 ,illu/ration ,cupp+4 ,in/ead ( a j>-receiv]1 take a long-neck$ bottle op5 at bo? ends4 ,if y place ! h& on "o ( ! op5 ends & exhau/ ! air1 by atta*+ ! long tube ( ! pump to ! o!r y _c remove ! h& easily4 ,d n try to pump ! air out entirely1 z ! suction may be too /rong & draw blood4 ,x is by ! r>efaction ( ! air t ! cupp+-glass is appli$ to p :o require ble$+4 ,9 ! antiquat$ surgical op]ation ( cupp+1 ! doctor burn$ a few pieces ( pap] 9 small glass cups1 :i* are !n appli$ to ! sk92 ! air1 9 gett+ cold1 contract$ & produc$ a p>tial vacuum1 ?us act+ z ! bottle did 9 ! above exp]im5t4 ,illu/ration ,! ,b>omet]4 ,n[ y %all le>n some?+ ab\t ! pressure ex]cis$ by ! atmosph]ic lay] :i* surr\nds ! e>? to ! height ( ab\t =ty miles4 ,?is is done ) ! aid ( a v well-kn[n in/rum5t call$ ! b>omet]4 ,y may con/ruct "o y\rselves4 ,procure a glass tube clos$ at "o end1 ab\t a y>d long & "o t5? ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,fill x ) m]cury1 !n turn x upside d[n into a b[l fill$ ) ! same metal1 tak+ c>e t ! air does n ent] ! tube4 ,! column w /op at a height betwe5 #bi & #cj in*es4 ,?is1 !re=e is ! measure ( ! =ce ( ! air's pressure1 = 9 ! upp] "p ( ! tube !re is an absolute vacuum & no?+ w\ld prev5t ! m]cury f go+ high] up4 ,! weight ( ! air lay] corresponds1 !re=e1 to a height ( ne>ly #cj in*es ( m]cury4 ,illu/ration ,?is weight has be5 be=e /at$1 viz41 f\rte5 & a half p\nds1 su* a weight be+ support$ by e s+le squ>e in* ( ! globe's surface4 ,a m>vel\s pressure is ?us ex]t$ on ! :ole e>?4 ,9 o!r words1 ! weight ( ! air t surr\nds ! e>? on all sides is no less ?an ! foll[+ enorm\s numb] ( #e1ahd1gdj1jjj1jjj1jjj tons4 ,a man ( av]age height1 himself supports ! enorm\s pressure ( #cd1aga p\nds1 or ov] #ae tons1 & yet does n feel ! lea/ inconv5i5ce 9 8 movem5ts4 ,x is because ?is pressure is ex]cis$ 9 all directions1 & a human body c>ries )9 x ela/ic fluids t c\nt]balance t trem5d\s weight4 ,s accu/om$ d p become to ?is weight t :5 ! wea!r is /ormy1 a feel+ ( heav9ess comes on4 ,h[ev]1 x is j ! contr>y :i* takes place :5 ! b>omet] is l[]2 t is to say1 ! atmosph]ic pressure has dim9i%$4 ,consequ5tly !re is less weight to be c>ri$4 ,y w\ld exp]i5ce ! same s5sation :5 go+ up 9 a balloon4 ,z y rise high] & high] ! weight ( ! air is less felt1 & ?is makes p s uncom=table t at a height ( ab\t #i1jjj or #aj1jjj y>ds ! liquids 9 our body--! blood1 ! wat]1 ! bile--t5d to escape outw>ds4 ,:y8 ,because !y are no long] balanc$ by an outside pressure equal 9 =ce to !m4 ,9 fact1 if y cont9u$ to asc5d1 y\r fate w\ld be t ( ! bladd] 9 ! fir/ exp]im5t--y w\ld bur/4 ,?us are y & all creatures atta*$ to ! face ( ! e>?1 & x seems z if great heights 7 =bidd5 to our curiosity4 ,a ,novel ,b>omet]4 ,con/ruct a toy h\se ( c>dbo>d1 pa9t$1 & let !re be two op5 doorways 9 ! front1 & let x /& on a wood5 plat=m to repres5t ! gr\nd4 ,! two sides & back may come "r d[n to ! gr\nd1 b !re mu/ be a slight space betwe5 ! front ( ! h\se & ! gr\nd ^u :i* x /&s4 ,next make a flat :eel or disc ( wood ab\t ! ?ickness ( a p5ny1 its diamet] or measurem5t across ! c5t] to measure ! same z ! di/ance betwe5 ! two doorways ( ! h\se4 ,! :eel disc or turn-table mu/ h a %aft or sp9dle 9 ! middle1 s t x w revolve easily 9 a hole made = x 9 ! floor or gr\nd :i* y\r c>dbo>d h\se /&s on2 ?is pivot-hole %\ld be j )9 ! h\se & exactly half way betwe5 ! two doors4 ,9 ! next place get two small dolls ( su* size t !y w pass easily ?r\gh ! doorways1 or y may cut !m out ( cork or "s light sub/ance4 ,dress "o to repres5t an old man & ! o!r z 8 wife1 & fix !m opposite ea* o!r at ! edge ( ! disc or :eel 9 su* a mann]1 t :5 x turns on its axle1 ! figures move 9 & out ( ! two doorways provid$ = _! accommodation1 = x appe>s t1 al?\gh resid+ 9 ! same h\se1 !y are n on v good t]ms4 ,:5 ! husb& goes out ! wife rema9s at home1 & z %e only v5tures abroad 9 f9e wea!r1 h] sp\se is oblig$ to look out :5 ra9 may be expect$4 ,! motive p[] has n[ to be provid$ & ?is takes ! =m ( a piece ( catgut1 su* z viol9 /r+s are made (2 ?is is a sub/ance v susceptible ( atmosph]ic influ5ces1 = dry wea!r contracts or tight5s x1 :ile a damp atmosph]e causes x to relax4 ,d\ble y\r catgut & twi/ x1 fa/5 "o end ( ! rope s =m$ ne> ! back ( ! h\se inside & fa/5 ! o!r to ! pivot or axle1 ) two or ?ree turns r\nd x4 ,z ! wea!r *anges ! tight5+ or relax+ ( ! rope w cause ! figures to move 9 & out ( ! h\se4 ,( c\rse1 ! figures mu/ be arrang$ s t ! lady comes out :5 ! rope is tight5$ by ! dryness ( ! atmosph]e4 ,compress$ ,air4 ,to make exp]im5ts ) compress$ air1 y mu/ put y\r wits toge!r to make a res]voir4 ,air1 y "k1 is a gas consi/+ ( p>ticles call$ atoms4 ,^! atoms are at a c]ta9 di/ance f "o ano!r4 ,!y c be pu%$ fur!r f "o ano!r z :5 y heat !m1 or clos] toge!r by cold & compression4 ,s compress$ air only means air ^: atoms are press$ m closely toge!r ?an z ! case ) ! air ar\nd u4 ,n[ y h he>d t a column ( air on a squ>e in* weighs f\rte5 & a half p\nds4 ,also1 y "k t air 9 a receiv] or any o!r vessel presses on ! vessel inside & out ) a =ce 7or weight7 ( f\rte5 & a half p\nds4 ,if n[ into ! vessel y pu% ano!r quantity ( air1 equal to ! vessel's capacity1 y simply pu% ! atoms ( air clos] toge!r4 ,9 fact1 !y are n[ only half z f> ap>t z ! atoms ( an op5 vessel4 ,b ! pressure is d\bl$ & ! compress$ air1 !re=e1 w press on ! inside ( ! vessel ) a =ce ( tw5ty-n9e p\nds4 ,illu/ration ,n[ to make ! res]voir4 ,get a t9 tube ab\t #dj in*es long & f\r 9 diamet]1 clos$ at bo? ends4 ,take c>e t ! sold]+ is well done4 ,two op5+s mu/ be made1 & a small tube ins]t$ 9 ea*4 ,to ea* ( ^! atta* an indi>ubb] tube1 "o f\r feet long1 & ! o!r six4 7,see fig474 ,to fill ?is res]voir ) compress$ air1 apply ! air-pump fitt$ ) ! valve %[n 9 fig4 #d1 9 ! description ( an air-pump4 ,squeeze tightly ! upp] tube ( ! res]voir be=e beg9n+ to pump1 & !n x w be easy to judge ! am\nt ( compression ( ! air4 ,= ! fir/ exp]im5t place a light ball or %eet ( pap] ov] ! m\? ( ! tube1 & loos5 y\r hold on x4 ,! object w imm$iately be bl[n away ) consid]able =ce4 ,noiseless ,bell4 ,we "k t s\nd is a succession ( vibrations :i* mu/ be transmitt$ 9 a m$ium ) weight1 z air or wat]2 9 o!r words1 9 a vacuum !re c be no s\nd at all4 ,to prove ?is1 introduce into ! receiv] a small bell1 & z ! air is extract$ ! s\nds become weak] & weak]1 & cease altoge!r :5 ! air is completely r>ifi$4 ,illu/ration ,! ,bur/+ ,bladd]4 ,tie a ?9 piece ( light indi>ubb] r\nd ! top ( ! bottle1 & y w notice t z ! air is )drawn1 ! indi>ubb] w /ret*1 & at l5g? =m a r\nd small balloon 9 ! int]ior ( ! bottle4 7,fig4 #a74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,if a piece ( bladd] is tightly /ret*$ & ti$ r\nd ! vessel 7fig4 #b47 x w bur/ "u ! =ce ( ! atmosph]ic pressure :i* acts ^u x1 ?r\gh a vacuum hav+ be5 made und]nea?4 ,?is is ano!r case ( ! fir/ exp]im5t ) ! air pump describ$ above4 ,weight ( ! ,air4 ,ano!r exp]im5t w /ill bett] make y appreciate ! value ( ?is factor3 ! weight ( ! air4 ,put a piece ( supple lea!r 9 :i* a r+ is atta*$ "u ! bottle2 pump ! air out ( ! latt] & y w be a/oni%$ at ! weight y may hang on ?is lea!r )\t dragg+ x (f4 ,illu/ration ,%\ld y n h at h& a glass receiv]1 a wood5 reel may s]ve in/ead 7see fig474 ,on "o ( its faces place a piece ( /rong c>dbo>d1 9 ! middle ( :i* a hook has be5 fa/5$2 :5 ! r>efaction is made1 r heavy weights mu/ be hook$ on be=e ! c>dbo>d is deta*$ f ! face ( ! re/4 ,spoons :i* w ,melt 9 ,hot ,wat]4 ,fuse toge!r 9 a crucible1 eight p>ts ( bismu?1 five ( lead & ?ree ( t92 ^! metals w comb9e & =m an alloy1 ( :i* spoons may be made1 possess$ ( ! rem>kable prop]ty ( melt+ 9 boil$ wat]4 ,effect ( ,compression4 ,take a wood5 reel & holl[ out ei!r ! top or bottom1 beg9n+ at ! hole 9 ! c5t] & work+ t[>ds ! edge4 ,9 ! holl[ place a ball4 ,apply to ! o!r end ! indi>ubb] tube :i* conducts ! =c$ air1 & ! ball w be lift$ up 7see fig474 ,illu/ration ,to ,cov] ,iron ) ,copp]4 ,if y are ab\t to p]=m a conjur+ trick1 y w1 ( c\rse take great c>e t y\r app>atus is ready4 ,!re=e1 clean y\r piece ( iron or /eel f dirt4 ,dip a piece ( poli%$ iron--! blade ( y\r knife1 = in/ance--into a solution1 ei!r ( nitrate or sulphate ( copp]1 :5 x w assume ! appe>ance ( a piece ( pure copp]4 ,! ,elem5ts4 ,be=e ent]+ into ! next s]ies ( exp]im5ts ! "y *emi/ mu/ "k t all ! sub/ances ( :i* ! _w & ev]y?+ 9 x are made up--i4e41 ! elem5ts are arrang$ 9 two classes1 ! metals & ! non-metals4 ,! =m] are by f> ! m num]\s1 altoge!r numb]+ m ?an fifty4 ,among ! bett] kn[n are su* well kn[n sub/ances z iron1 m]cury1 copp]1 t91 potassium1 antimony1 /rontium1 & nickel4 ,! non-metals are m widely di/ribut$ & toge!r made up ( ! bulk ( ! univ]se4 ,!y comprise ! gases--oxyg51 hydrog51 nitrog51 & *lor9e1 & su* sub/ances z sulphur1 c>bon1 phosphorus & iod9e4 ,to ! latt] class also belongs a peculi> elem5t call$ fluor9e1 :i*1 :5 comb9$ ) hydrog51 de/roys glass4 ,x is ! only liquid kn[n :i* _c be conta9$ 9 a glass5 or e>!nw>e vessel1 & :5 us$ = exp]im5tal purposes mu/ be kept 9 a lead5 bottle4 ,( c\rse x w be und]/ood t ! above is n a complete li/ by any means1 b is suffici5t to give a cle> idea ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes4 ,! metals g5]ally speak+ are ( a m or less sp>kl+1 lu/r\s appe>ance4 ,! metals1 too1 are good conductors ( heat & electricity1 & g5]ally heavy4 ,^! *>act]i/ics are almo/ entirely want+ 9 ! non-metals4 ,we %all n[ give "s tricks ) ! metals4 ,potassium4 ,potassium 0 discov]$ by ,sir ,h4 ,davy1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! pres5t c5tury1 :ile act+ ^u pota% ) ! enorm\s galvanic batt]y ( ! ,royal ,in/itution1 consi/+ ( two ?\s& pairs ( f\r in* plates4 ,x is a brilliant metal1 s s(t z to be easily cut ) a p5knife1 & s light z to swim ^u wat]1 on :i* x acts ) great en]gy1 unit+ ) ! oxyg5 & lib]at+ ! hydrog51 :i* takes fire z x escapes4 ,trace "s cont9u\s l9es on pap] ) a camel's-hair bru% dipp$ 9 wat]1 & place a piece ( potassium ab\t ! size ( a pea on "o ( ! l9es1 & x w foll[ ! c\rse ( ! p5cil1 tak+ fire z x runs1 & burn+ ) a purpli% light4 ,! pap] w be f\nd cov]$ ) a solution ( ord9>y pota%4 ,if turm]ic pap] be us$1 ! c\rse ( ! potassium w be m>k$ ) a deep br[n color4 ,h5ce if y t\* potassium ) wet f+]s y w burn !m4 ,if a small piece ( ! metal be plac$ on a piece ( ice1 x w in/antly take fire1 & =m a deep hole :i* w be f\nd to conta9 a solution ( pota%4 ,9 consequ5ce ( its great aff9ity = oxyg51 potassium mu/ be kept 9 "s fluid de/itute ( x1 su* z naph?a acid1 :i* has be5 displac$ by ! great aff9ity or lik+ ( ! oxyg5 & acid = ! copp]4 #b4 ,:5 ! copp] is no long] coat$1 b rema9s clean & bright :5 imm]s$ 9 ! fluid1 all ! silv] has be5 deposit$1 & ! glass n[ conta9s a solution ( copp]4 ,ne>ly all ! colors us$ 9 ! arts are produc$ by metals & _! comb9ations2 inde$1 "o is nam$ *romium1 f a ,greek ^w signify+ color1 on acc\nt ( ! beautiful t9ts obta9$ f its v>i\s comb9ations ) oxyg5 & ! o!r metals4 ,all ! v>i\s t9ts1 ( gre51 orange1 yell[ & r$ are obta9$ f ?is metal4 ,solutions ( mo/ ( ! metallic salts give precipitates ) solutions ( alkalies & _! salts1 z well z ) _m o!r sub/ances1 su* z :at are usually call$ prussiate ( pota%1 hydrosulphret ( ammonia1 etc4 ,! colors diff] accord+ to ! metal employ$2 & s small a quantity is requir$ to produce ! color1 t ! solutions be=e mix+ may be ne>ly colorless4 ,metallic ,colors4 ,to a solution ( sulphate ( iron add a drop or two ( a solution ( prussiate ( pota%1 & a blue color w be produc$4 #b4 ,sub/itute sulphate ( copp] = iron1 & ! color w be a ri* br[n4 #c4 ,ano!r blue1 ( q a diff]5t t9t1 may be produc$ by lett+ a few drops ( a solution ( ammonia fall into "o ( sulphate ( copp]1 :5 a precipitate ( a light blue falls d[n1 :i* is dissolv$ by an additional quantity ( ! ammonia1 & =ms a transp>5t solution ( ! mo/ spl5did ri* blue color4 #d4 ,into a solution ( sulphate ( iron1 drop a few drops ( /rong infusion ( galls1 & ! color w become a blui% black--9 fact ink4 ,a little tea w answ] z well z ! infusion ( galls4 ,?is is ! reason :y c]ta9 /uffs =m]ly 9 g5]al use = dress+-g[ns = g5tlem5 7 s objectionable2 = z !y 7 indebt$ to a salt ( iron = _! color1 buff z x 0 call$1 a drop ( tea accid5tally spill$ produc$ all ! effect ( a drop ( ink4 #e4 ,put into a l>gi% te/ tube two or ?ree small pieces ( granulat$ z9c1 fill x ab\t "o-?ird full ( wat]1 put 9 a few gra9s ( iod9e1 & boil ! wat]1 :i* w at fir/ acquire a d>k purple color1 gradually fad+ z ! iod9e comb9es ) ! z9c4 ,add a little m iod9e f "t to "t1 until ! z9c is ne>ly all dissolv$4 ,if a few drops ( ?is solution be add$ to an equally colorless solution ( corrosive sublimate 7a salt ( m]cury71 a precipitate w take place ( a spl5did sc>let color1 bright]1 if possible1 ?an v]milion1 :i* is also a prep>ation ( m]cury4 ,cry/allization ( ,metals4 ,"s ( ! metals assume c]ta9 def9ite =ms 9 return f ! fluid to ! solid /ate4 ,bismu? %[s ?is prop]ty m readily ?an mo/ o!rs4 ,,exp]im5t4 ,melt a p\nd or two ( bismu? 9 an iron ladle ov] ! fire2 remove x z soon z ! :ole is fluid2 & :5 ! surface has become solid break a hole 9 x & p\r out ! /ill fluid metal f ! int]ior2 :at rema9s w exhibit beautifully =m$ cry/als ( a cubic %ape4 ,sulphur may be cry/alliz$ 9 ! same mann]1 b its fumes1 :5 heat$1 are s v unpleasant t few w\ld wi% to enc\nt] !m4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable facts 9 *emi/ry--a sci5ce ab\nd+ 9 wond]s--is ! circum/ance t ! m]e contact ( hydrog51 ! lighte/ body kn[n1 ) ! metal plat9um1 ! heavie/ :5 9 a /ate ( m9ute division call$ spongy plat9um1 produces an int5se heat suffici5t to inflame ! hydrog52 ( c\rse ?is exp]im5t mu/ be made 9 ! pres5ce ( atmosph]ic air or oxyg54 ,if a small piece ( ! metal 9 ! /ate above nam$ be introduc$ into a mixture ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 x w cause !m to explode4 ,a v small quantity ( gas %\ld be employ$ & plac$ 9 a j> lightly cov]$ ) a c>d1 or ! explosion w\ld be dang]\s4 ,cry/allization4 ,ne>ly all ! metals are *>act]iz$ by ! cry/als1 :i* are =m$ z !y pass f a /ate ( int5se heat to t ( comp>ative coldness4 ,x is by ?is process !y h be5 =m$ :5 9 ! m9e or ve9 9 ! rocks4 ,! e>? 0 once a fi]y mass ( molt5 matt]1 z se5 ev5 n[ :5 a volcano is 9 a /ate ( eruption4 ,& x 0 only by ! cool+ ( ! outside %ell ( ! e>?1 or cru/1 z x is call$1 t x became habitable4 ,:5 ! cru/ 0 cool+ d[n ! metals cry/alliz$ among ! cool+ rocks & gradually =m$ ! crude arts4 ,y may repres5t by a v pretty exp]im5t ! mann] 9 :i* ?is cool+ (f ( ! e>? took place4 ,obta9 a little fl\r ( sulphur & put x 9 a r$ e>!nw>e unglaz$ j>4 ,?ru/ x well into ! fire & wat* ! ru/4 ,z soon z ! heat has p5etrat$ ! vessel ! yell[ p[d]y sulphur becomes fir/ ( all br[n1 & !n assumes ! consi/5cy ( ?ick birdlime4 ,take out a little ( ?is on ! end ( a /ick & plunge x into cold wat]4 ,x c !n be pull$ backw>ds & =w>ds l cobbl]s' wax4 ,?is well repres5ts ! /ate ( ! half-cool$ cru/ ( ! e>?4 ,mean:ile ! sulphur on ! fire beg9s to boil1 & looks v mu* l bubbl+ treacle4 ,remove x f ! fire & all[ x to cool4 ,:5 q cool ! surface w be a flat1 yell[ mass1 l ord9>y roll sulphur1 :i*1 :5 gr\nd1 give ! ord9>y fl\r ( sulphur4 ,) a %>p knife sep>ate ! mass f ! vessel & look at ! "u-surface4 ,!re x w be f\nd to h assum$ a v diff]5t =m1 ow+ to ! exclusion ( ! air1 & consequ5t sl[] cool+4 ,l>ge six-sid$ cry/als1 transp>5t1 & ( a mo/ exquisitely delicate yell[1 w be se51 pil$ on "o ano!r z appe> ! masses ( ore 9 rocks4 ,nature always works 9 su* cases on su* a gigantic scale t x seems at fir/ difficult to believe t su* huge piles z ! ,giant's ,causeway 9 ,irel&1 or ,f+als 9 ,scotl&1 or ! lodes ( t9 ore 9 ,cornwall1 work$ by ! ,phnicians ?ree ?\s& ye>s ago1 & /ill be+ work$1 7 all =m$ by ! same process4 ,! "t t ! e>? mu/ h tak5 to cool fairly /agg]s ! imag9ation1 yet x is only f guess+1 by means ( su* a /udy z ?is1 t geologi/s are able to =m any idea ( h[ long ago x 0 t ! e>?'s cru/ became cool en\gh to all[ animal & plant life to exi/ ^u x4 ,! mo/ beautiful cry/all9e =m is p]haps ! diamond1 & yet ?is preci\s gem is b ! same ?+1 *emically1 z *>coal4 ,*>coal is pure c>bon 9 ! uncry/alliz$ /ate1 :i* ! magic ( cry/allization has trans=m$ into ! symbol ( all t is brilliant & beautiful4 ,beauties ( ,cry/allization4 ,dissolve alum 9 hot wat] until no m c be dissolv$ 9 x2 place 9 x a smoo? glass rod & a /ick ( ! same size4 ,next day ! /ick w be f\nd cov]$ ) cry/als1 b ! glass rod w be free f !m4 ,9 ?is case ! cry/als cl+ to ! r\gh surface ( ! /ick1 b h no hold ^u ! smoo? surface ( ! glass rod4 ,b if ! rod be r\gh5$ ) a file at c]ta9 int]vals1 & !n plac$ 9 ! alum & wat]1 ! cry/als w adh]e to ! r\gh surfaces1 & leave ! smoo? bright & cle>4 ,tie "s ?reads ( lamp-cotton irregul>ly ar\nd a copp] wire or glass rod4 ,place x 9 a hot solution ( blue vitriol1 /rong z above1 & ! ?reads w be cov]$ ) beautiful blue cry/als1 :ile ! glass rod w be b>e4 ,bore a hole ?r\gh a piece ( coke1 & susp5d x by a /r+ f a /ick plac$ across a hot solution ( alum4 ,x w float4 ,b z x becomes load$ ) cry/als x w s9k 9 ! solution accord+ to ! l5g? ( ! /r+4 ,gas-coke has mo/ly a smoo?1 %9+1 & almo/ metallic surface1 :i* ! cry/als w avoid1 :ile !y w cl+ only to ! mo/ irregul> & por\s p>ts4 ,if p[d]$ turm]ic be add$ to ! hot solution ( alum ! cry/als w be ( a bright yell[4 ,litmus w cause !m to be ( a bright r$4 ,logwood w yield purple2 & common writ+ ink1 black4 ,& ! m muddy ! solution ! f9] w be ! cry/als4 ,to keep color$ alum cry/als f break+ or los+ _! color1 place !m "u a glass %ade ) a sauc] ( wat]4 ,?is w pres]ve ! atmosph]e moi/1 & prev5t ! cry/als gett+ too dry4 ,if cry/als be =m$ on wire !y w be liable to break (f1 f ! expansion & contraction ( ! wire by *anges ( temp]ature4 ,to ,cry/allize ,camphor4 ,dissolve camphor 9 _s ( w9e1 mod]ately heat$1 until ! _s w n dissolve any m2 p\r "s ( ! solution into a cold glass1 & ! camphor w in/antly cry/allize 9 beautiful tree-l =ms1 su* z we see 9 ! %[-glasses ( camphor 9 druggi/s' w9d[s4 ,,ano!r ,,exp]im5t4 ,heat "s blue vitriol 7sulphate ( copp]7 9 an iron ladle till all ! wat] conta9$ 9 ! cry/als is driv5 (f1 & ! color *anges to a gray4 ,take ! lumps out )\t break+ !m1 & lay ! dri$ blue vitriol on a plate4 ,if ?is be moi/5$ ) wat] /eam is produc$2 & if a slice ( phosphorus is !n laid on ! sulphate ( copp] x ignites1 demon/rat+ aga9 t ! cond5sation ( a liquid produces heat4 ,! addition ( ! wat] re/ores ! blue color1 ?us prov+ t wat] 0 necess>y to ! composition ( blue vitriol4 ,a ,solid ,*ang$ to a ,liquid4 ,mix five p>ts by weight ( p[d]$ sal ammoniac1 five p>ts ( nitre 9 p[d]1 & sixte5 p>ts ( wat]4 ,a temp]ature ( tw5ty-two degrees bel[ ! freez+ po9t ( wat] is produc$2 & if a phial ( wat]1 or any conv5i5t metallic cyl9d] conta9+ wat]1 be surr\nd$ ) a suffici5t quantity ( ! freez+ mixture1 ice is =m$4 ,! ice cl+s to ! int]ior ( ! tube1 b may easily be remov$ by dipp+ x 9 tepid wat]4 ,?is exp]im5t is ! rev]se ( ! la/ & proves t ! sudd5 r$uction ( a solid to ! liquid condition always af=ds cold4 ,an amus+ comb9ation ( two exp]im5ts may be made by putt+ "s fre%-burn$ lime into "o tea pot & ?is freez+ mixture into ano!r4 ,:5 wat] is p\r$ on ! "o conta9+ lime1 x gives out /eam f ! sp\t1 :ile ! addition ( wat] to ! o!r produces s mu* cold t x c h>dly be kept 9 ! h&4 ,?us heat & cold are af=d$ ?r\gh ! same m$ium1 wat]4 ,magic ( ,heat4 ,melt a small quantity ( ! sulphate ( pota% & copp] 9 a spoon ov] a _s lamp4 ,x w be fus$ at a heat j bel[ r$ness1 & produce a liquid ( a d>k-gre5 color4 ,remove ! spoon f ! flame1 :5 ! liquid w become a solid ( a brilliant em]ald gre5 color1 & s rema9 until its heat s9ks ne>ly to t ( boil+ wat]1 :5 sudd5ly a commotion w take place ?r\gh\t ! mass1 beg9n+ f ! surface1 & ea* atom1 z if animat$1 w />t up & sep>ate itself f ! re/1 till 9 a few mom5ts ! :ole w become a heap ( p[d]4 ,sublimation by ,heat4 ,provide two small pieces ( glass2 spr9kle a m9ute portion ( sulphur ^u "o piece1 lay ?9 slips ( wood ar\nd x1 & place ^u x ! o!r piece ( glass4 ,move !m sl[ly ov] ! flame ( a lamp or c&le1 & ! sulphur w become sublim$1 & =m gray1 nebul\s pat*es1 :i* are v curi\s microscopic objects4 ,ea* clu/] consi/s ( ?\s&s ( transp>5t globules1 imitat+ 9 m9iature ! nebul :i* we see figur$ 9 treatises on a/ronomy4 ,by obs]v+ ! l>ge/ p>ticles we %all f9d !m to be flatt5$ on "o side4 ,be+ v transp>5t1 ea* ( !m acts ! "p ( a little l5s1 & =ms 9 its focus ! image ( a di/ant light1 :i* c be p]ceiv$ ev5 9 ! small] globules1 until x vani%es f m9ut5ess4 ,if !y are exam9$ aga9 aft] a c]ta9 numb] ( h\rs1 ! small] globules w g5]ally be f\nd to h reta9$ _! transp>5cy1 :ile ! l>g] ones w h become opaque1 9 consequ5ce ( ! sulphur hav+ und]gone "s int]nal spontane\s *ange4 ,b ! mo/ rem>kable circum/ance att5d+ ?is exp]im5t is t ! globules are f\nd adh]+ to ! upp] glass only2 ! reason ( :i* is t ! upp] glass is some:at cool] ?an ! l[] "o1 by :i* means we see t ! vapor ( sulphur is v p[]fully repell$ by heat$ glass4 ,! flatt5$ =m ( ! p>ticles is ow+ to ! =ce ) :i* !y endeavor to rec$e f ! l[] glass1 & _! consequ5t pressure aga9/ ! surface ( ! upp] "o4 ,?is exp]im5t is consid]$ by its orig9ator1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,f4 ,talbot1 to be a satisfactory argum5t 9 favor ( ! repulsive p[] ( heat4 ,heat ,pass+ ,?r\gh ,glass4 ,al?\gh glass is a bad conductor x yet all[s heat to pass ?r\gh x1 & ! pur] ! glass ! m easy is ?is done4 ,heat a pok] r$ hot1 & hav+ op5$ a w9d[1 apply ! pok] v ne> to ! outside ( ! pane1 & ! h& to ! inside4 ,a /rong heat w be felt at ! in/ant1 :i* w cease z soon z ! pok] is )drawn1 & may be aga9 r5ew$ & made to cease z quickly z be=e4 ,x is well kn[n t if a piece ( glass be s mu* w>m$ z to convey ! impression ( heat to ! h&1 x w reta9 "s "p ( t heat = a m9ute or m2 b 9 ?is exp]im5t ! heat w vani% 9 a mom5t4 ,x w n1 !re=e1 be ! heat$ pane ( glass t we %all feel1 b heat :i* has come ?r\gh ! glass 9 a free or radiant /ate4 ,metals ,unequally ,influ5c$ by ,heat4 ,all metals d n conduct heat at ! same rate z may be prov$ by hold+ 9 ! flame ( a c&le at ! same "t a piece ( silv] wire & a piece ( plat9a wire1 :5 ! silv] wire w become too hot to hold1 mu* soon] ?an ! plat9a4 ,or cut a cone ( ea* wire1 tip x ) wax1 & place x ^u a heat$ plate 7z a fire-%ovel71 :5 ! wax w melt at diff]5t p]iods4 ,spontane\s ,combu/ion4 ,mix a small quantity ( *lorate ( pota% ) _s ( w9e 9 a /rong sauc]2 add a little sulphuric acid1 & an orange vapor w arise & bur/ into flame ) a l\d crackl+ s\nd4 ,inequality ( ,heat 9 ,fire-,irons4 ,place be=e a fire a set ( poli%$ fire-irons1 & beside !m a r\gh1 unpoli%$ pok]1 su* z is us$ 9 ! kit*51 in/ead ( a bright pok]4 ,! poli%$ irons w rema9 = a long "t )\t becom+ w>m] ?an ! temp]ature ( ! room1 because ! heat radiat$ f ! fire is all reflect$1 or ?r[n (f1 by ! poli%$ surface ( ! irons1 & none ( x is absorb$4 ,! r\gh pok] w1 h[ev]1 become spe$ily hot1 s z n to be us$ )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,h5ce1 ! poli% ( fire-irons is n m]ely ornam5tal1 b useful4 ,expansion ( ,metal by ,heat4 ,provide an iron rod1 & fit x exactly into a metal r+2 heat ! rod r$ hot1 & x w no long] ent] ! r+4 ,obs]ve an iron gate on a w>m day1 :5 x w %ut ) difficulty2 :]eas x w %ut loosely & easily on a cold day4 ,! ,al*emi/'s ,ink4 ,dissolve 9 wat] a small quantity1 ab\t z mu* z w lay on a t5-c5t piece1 ( *loride ( cobalt1 :i* is ( a blui%-gre5 color1 & ! solution w be p9k2 write ) x & ! *>act]s w sc>cely be visible2 b if g5tly heat$ !y w appe> 9 brilliant gre51 :i* w disappe> z ! pap] cools4 ,dissolve 9 wat] a few gra9s ( prussiate ( pota%2 write ) ?is liquid1 :i* is invisible :5 dry2 wa% ov] ) a dilute solution ( iron1 made by dissolv+ a nail 9 a little aqua =tis2 a blue & legible writ+ is imm$iately app>5t4 ,*ameleon ,liquids4 ,put a small portion ( ! comp\nd call$ m9]al *ameleon into sev]al glasses4 ,p\r ^u ea* wat] at diff]5t temp]atures & ! cont5ts ( ea* glass w exhibit a diff]5t %ade ( color4 ,a v hot solution w be ( a beautiful gre5 color2 a cold "o a deep purple4 ,make a colorless solution ( sulphate ( copp]2 add to x a little ammonia equally colorless1 & ! mixture w be ( an int5se blue color2 add to x a little sulphuric acid1 & ! blue color w disappe>2 p\r 9 a little solution ( cau/ic ammonia1 & ! blue color w be re/or$4 ,?us may ! liquor be *ang$ at pleasure4 ,magic ,dyes4 ,dissolve indigo 9 dilut$ sulphuric acid1 & add to x an equal quantity ( solution ( c>bonate ( pota%4 ,if a piece ( :ite clo? be dipp$ 9 ! mixture x w be *ang$ to blue2 yell[ clo?1 9 ! same mixture1 may be *ang$ to gre52 r$ to purple2 & blue litmus pap] to r$4 ,ne>ly fill a w9e glass ) ! juice ( beet-root1 :i* is ( a deep r$ color2 add a little lime wat] & ! mixture w be colorless2 dip into x a piece ( :ite clo?1 dry x rapidly1 & 9 a few h\rs ! clo? w become r$4 ,w9e ,*ang$ into ,wat]4 ,mix a little solution ( subacetate ( lead ) port w9e2 filt] ! mixture ?r\gh blott+-pap]1 & a colorless liquid w pass ?r\gh2 to ?is add a small quantity ( dry salt ( t>t>2 di/ill 9 a retort1 :5 a _s w arise1 :i* may be inflam$4 ,! ,*emi/ry ( ,wat]4 ,m ?an two-?irds ( ! e>?'s surface is wat]1 s t 9 m]e quantity alone x is ! mo/ important sub/ance ) :i* we are acqua9t$4 ,)\t x life w\ld be impossible1 =1 ow+ to its quality ( dissolv+ o!r bodies1 x may be reg>d$ z ! great purifi]1 z well z ! vehicle :i* br+s n\ri%m5t to plants & animals alike4 ,n only is wat] useful1 b is among ! mo/ beautiful ( ,nature's products4 ,x has c>v$ ! valleys betwe5 m\nta9 ranges by its sl[ dropp+ = ages1 & has made ! fairy gl5s by ru%+ d[n _! sides 9 torr5ts4 ,! /ately riv]s & ! ro>+ oceans are b =ms ( its might4 ,9 ano!r /ate x works out ^? fanta/ic grottoes1 m\nta9s & fields ( glitt]+ :ite1 t make ! ,pol> seas ! v head c5t] ( dreaml&4 ,9 /ill ano!r =m x pa9ts ! ra9b[ 9 ! sky1 & hangs l a veil ov] ! l&scape1 pass+ f ! mo/ delicate blue ov] ! pla9 to ! deep purple cl++ to di/ant hills4 ,to x ! gold5 & r$ hues ( sunrise & sunset are due4 ,! light fleecy cl\ds t speak ! beauty ( spr+1 & ! great ?und] /ocks t gleam1 ) lightn+ fla%es are all compos$ ( wat]1 & wat] alone4 ,x drives our eng9es & ma*9]y1 & spe$s our %ips across ! sea4 ,nei!r is x conf9$ to ?is e>? alone1 = a/ronom]s tell u t va/ seas & ev5 cl\ds c be se5 on ! next great planet to ! e>?1 ,m>s4 ,surely1 !n1 z ?is wondr\s sub/ance is exam9$1 ! anci5ts c be excus$ = wor%ip+ ! ocean z a god1 & ! old al*emi/s = believ+ x to be an elem5t4 ,nev]!less1 wat] is n a simple sub/ance4 ,x is compos$ ( two gases1 :i* mu/ be comb9$ be=e wat] is produc$4 ,^! gases are oxyg5 & hydrog54 ,e atom ( wat] consi/s ( "o "p ( ! =m] gas & two p>ts by volume ( ! latt]4 ,?is y may prove 9 ! foll[+ way3 ,buy a piece ( sodium1 a metal t mu/ n be t\*$ ) ! f+]s1 & ?ru/ x into a small "o-ounce j> half full ( wat]2 cork ! j> tightly4 ,?r\gh a hole 9 ! cork pass a glass tube1 ! out] end be+ drawn 9 a flame to a f9e po9t4 ,apply a light at ! end ( ! tube4 ,! escap+ gas w cat* fire & burn ) a light blue flame4 ,?is gas is hydrog54 ,next empty ! j> & fill ) w>m wat]1 & place by means ( ano!r cork a small glass j> on to ! tube4 ,into ! l[] j> drop a piece ( blaz+ hot plat9um4 ,repeat ?is aga9 & aga9 ) ! same piece ( plat9um1 be+ c>eful n to uncork ! upp] j>1 s t e "t ! metal is dropp$ into ! l[] j>1 y remove ! upp] j> ) ! tube & two corks4 ,aft] do+ ?is a doz5 times or m take a mat* t is /ill gl[+ aft] hav+ be5 ext+ui%$1 & plunge x into ! upp] j>4 ,x w bur/ into flame imm$iately1 & ! gas 9 ! upp] j> is oxyg54 ,two ,bitt]s ,make a ,sweet4 ,x has be5 discov]$ t a mixture ( nitrate ( silv] ) hyposulphite ( soda1 bo? ( :i* are rem>kably bitt]1 w produce ! sweete/ kn[n sub/ance4 ,visible & ,invisible4 ,write ) ,fr5* *alk on a look+-glass2 wipe x ) a h&k]*ief & ! l9es w disappe>2 brea! on x & !y w reappe>4 ,?is alt]ation w take place = a great numb] ( times1 & aft] ! lapse ( a consid]able p]iod4 ,to ,=m a ,liquid f ,two ,solids4 ,rub toge!r 9 a mort> a small quantity ( sulphate ( soda & acetate ( lead1 & z !y mix !y w become liquid4 ,c>bonate ( ammonia & sulphate ( copp]1 previ\sly r$uc$ to p[d] sep>ately1 w also1 :5 mix$1 become liquid1 & acquire a mo/ spl5did blue color4 ,! great] numb] ( salts h a t5d5cy to assume regul> =ms1 or become cry/alliz$1 :5 pass+ f ! fluid to ! solid /ate2 & ! size & regul>ity ( ! cry/als dep5ds 9 a great measure on ! sl[ or rapid escape ( ! fluid 9 :i* !y 7 dissolv$4 ,sug> is a capital example ( ?is prop]ty2 ! ord9>y loaf-sug> be+ rapidly boil$ d[n1 z x is call$2 :ile to make rock-c&y1 :i* is no?+ b sug> 9 a cry/alliz$ =m1 ! solution is all[$ to evaporate sl[ly1 & z x cools x =ms into ^? beautiful cry/als t]m$ rock-c&y4 ,! ?reads f\nd 9 ! c5t] ( "s ( ! cry/als are m]ely plac$ = ! purpose ( ha/5+ ! =mation ( ! cry/als4 ,re/oration ( ,color by ,wat]4 ,wat] be+ a color\s fluid ought1 "o w\ld imag9e :5 mix$ ) o!r sub/ances ( no decid$ color1 to produce a colorless comp\nd4 ,nev]!less1 x is to wat] only t blue vitriol or sulphate ( copp] owes its vivid blu5ess1 z w be pla9ly ev9c$ by ! foll[+ simple exp]im5t4 ,heat a few cry/als ( ! vitriol 9 a fire-%ovel1 pulv]ize !m1 & ! p[d] w be ( a dull & dirty :ite appe>ance4 ,p\r a little wat] ^u ?is :5 a slight hiss+ noise w be he>d1 & at ! same mom5t ! blue color w in/antly reappe>4 ,"u ! microscope ! beauty ( ?is exp]im5t w be increas$1 = ! in/ant t a drop ( wat] is plac$ 9 contact ) ! vitriol1 ! p[d] may be se5 to %oot into blue prisms4 ,if a cry/al ( prussiate ( pota% be simil>ly heat$ its yell[ color w vani%1 b reappe> on be+ dropp$ into wat]4 ,two ,liquids ,make a ,solid4 ,dissolve *loride ( lime 9 wat] until x w dissolve no m2 measure out an equal quantity ( oil ( vitriol2 bo? w be transp>5t fluids2 b if equal quantities ( ea* be sl[ly mix$ & /irr$ toge!r1 !y w become a solid mass1 ) ! evolution ( smoke or fumes4 ,two ,solids ,make a ,liquid4 ,rub toge!r 9 a mort> equal quantities ( ! cry/als ( ,glaub] salts & nitrate ( ammonia1 & ! two salts w sl[ly become a liquid4 ,a ,solid ,opaque ,mass ,makes a ,transp>5t ,liquid4 ,take ! solid mixture ( ! solutions ( muriate ( lime & c>bonate ( pota%1 p\r ^u x a v little nitric acid1 & ! solid opaque mass w be *ang$ to a transp>5t liquid4 ,two ,cold ,liquids ,make a ,hot ,"o4 ,mix f\r drams ( sulphuric acid 7oil ( vitriol7 ) "o dram ( cold wat]1 sudd5ly1 9 a cup1 & ! mixture w be ne>ly half z hot aga9 z boil+ wat]4 ,to ,make ,ice4 ,al?\gh ?is trick is p]=m$ by means ( *emicals1 yet its product is obta9$ really by ! use ( me*anical laws4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ice is exactly ! same ?+ z wat] s f> z its composition is conc]n$1 diff]+ only 9 its /ate ( d5sity4 ,ice1 wat]1 & /eam diff] 9 d5sity ?r\gh ! possession ( a great] or less quantity ( heat4 ,h5ce1 ! turn+ ( wat] into ice really is a case ( ! op]ation ( me*anical laws4 ,n[ = ! exp]im5t4 ,put into a wide-m\!d jam-j> a small] glass vessel conta9+ ! wat] to be froz54 ,ar\nd ! latt] put a mixture ( sulphate ( soda 7,glaub]'s salt7 & hydro*loric acid 7spirits ( salts74 ,! proportions mu/ be eight p>ts ( ! =m] to five ( ! latt]4 ,! action ( ^! two *emicals on "o ano!r is to cause a cold ( fifte5 to sev5te5 degrees bel[ z]o1 or =ty-sev5 degrees bel[ freez+ po9t4 ,! same result may be obta9$ by mix+ equal p>ts ( nitrate ( ammonia & wat]4 ,9 w9t]-"t :5 ! sn[ is on ! gr\nd1 ) a mixture ( "o "p sn[ & "o "p common table salt an int5se cold ( tw5ty degrees bel[ z]o is obta9$4 ,f ?is la/ fact we see h[ /upid are ^? p :o spr9kle ! salt on ! pavem5ts to get rid ( ! sn[4 ,true1 ! latt] melts1 b only aft] ! production ( int5se cold1 :i* is ! cause ( _m diseases1 n only slight ones l colds & *ilbla9s1 b too (t5 ! =]unn]s ( consumption & o!r lung tr\bles4 ,curi\s ,*ange ( ,colors4 ,let !re be no o!r light ?an a tap] 9 ! room2 !n put on a pair ( d>k-gre5 spectacles1 & hav+ clos$ "o eye view ! tap] ) ! o!r4 ,sudd5ly remove ! spectacles & ! tap] w assume a bright r$ appe>ance2 b if ! spectacles be in/antly replac$1 ! eye w be unable to di/+ui% any?+ = a second or two4 ,! ord] ( colors w !re=e be z foll[s3 gre51 r$1 gre51 black4 ,! ,protean ,light4 ,soak a cotton wick 9 a /rong solution ( salt & wat]1 dry x1 place x 9 a _s lamp1 & :5 lit x w give a bright yell[ light = a long "t4 ,if y look ?r\gh a piece ( blue glass at ! flame1 x w lose all its yell[ light & y w only p]ceive feeble violet rays4 ,if be=e ! blue glass y place a pale yell[ glass1 ! lamp w be absolutely invisible1 ?\gh a c&le may be di/9ctly se5 ?r\gh ! same glasses4 ,to ,*ange ! ,colors ( ,fl[]s4 ,hold ov] a light$ mat* a purple columb9e or a blue l>kspur1 & x w *ange fir/ to p9k & !n to black4 ,! yell[ ( o!r fl[]s held z above w cont9ue un*ang$4 ,?us1 ! purple t9t w in/antly disappe> f a he>t's-ease1 b ! yell[ w rema92 & ! yell[ ( a wall-fl[] w cont9ue ! same1 ?\gh ! br[n /reak w be dis*>g$4 ,if a sc>let1 crimson1 or m>oon dahlia be tri$1 ! color w *ange to yell[1 a fact kn[n to g>d5]s1 :o by ?is mode v>iegate _! gr[+ dahlias4 ,*anges ( ! ,poppy4 ,"s fl[]s :i* are r$1 become blue by m]ely bruis+ !m4 ,?us1 if ! petals ( ! common corn-poppy be rubb$ ^u :ite pap]1 !y w /a9 x purple1 :i* may be made gre5 by wa%+ x ov] ) a /rong solution ( pota% 9 wat]4 ,put poppy petals into v dilute muriatic acid1 & ! infusion w be ( a florid r$ color2 by add+ a little *alk1 x w become ! color ( port w9e2 & ?is t9t1 by ! addition ( pota% may be *ang$ to gre5 or yell[4 ,*anges ( ! ,rose4 ,hold a r$ rose ov] ! blue flame ( a common mat* & ! color w be dis*>g$ :]ev] ! fume t\*es ! leaves ( ! fl[]1 s z to r5d] x beautifully v>iegat$1 or entirely :ite4 ,if x be !n dipp$ into wat]1 ! r$ness1 aft] a "t1 w be re/or$4 ,m>k+ ,indelibly4 ,write ^u l95 ) p]man5t ink 7:i* is a /rong solution ( nitrate ( silv]71 & ! *>act]s w be sc>cely visible2 remove ! l95 to a d>k room1 & !y w n *ange2 b expose !m to a /rong light1 & !y w be ( an indelible black4 ,visible ,gr[?4 ,cut a circul> piece ( c>d to fit ! top ( a hyac9? glass1 s z to re/ ^u ! l$ge1 & exclude ! air4 ,pi]ce a hole ?r\gh ! c5t] ( ! c>d1 & pass ?r\gh x a /rong ?read1 hav+ a small piece ( wood ti$ to "o end1 :i*1 re/+ transv]sely on ! c>d1 prev5ts x be+ drawn ?r\gh4 ,to ! o!r end ( ! ?read atta* an acorn2 & hav+ half fill$ ! glass ) wat]1 susp5d ! acorn at a %ort di/ance f ! surface4 ,! glass mu/ be kept 9 a w>m room1 & 9 a few days ! /eam w hang f ! acorn 9 a drop1 ! sk9 w bur/1 & ! root w protrude & ?ru/ itself 9 ! wat]1 & 9 a few days m a /em w %oot out at ! o!r end1 & ris+ upw>ds1 w press aga9/ ! c>d1 9 :i* an orifice mu/ be made to all[ x to pass ?r\gh4 ,f ?is /em small leaves w soon be obs]v$ to spr\t2 & 9 ! c\rse ( a few weeks y w h a h&some oak plant1 sev]al in*es 9 height4 ,color$ ,flames4 ,a v>iety ( rays ( light are exhibit$ by color$ flames1 :i* are n to be se5 9 :ite light4 ,?us pure hydrog5 gas w burn ) a blue flame1 9 :i* _m ( ! rays ( light are want+4 ,! flame ( an oil lamp conta9s mo/ ( ! rays :i* are want+ 9 ! sunlight4 ,alcohol mix$ ) wat]1 :5 heat$ or burn$1 af=ds a flame ) no o!r rays b yell[4 ,! foll[+ salts1 if f9ely p[d]$1 & introduc$ into ! ext]ior flame ( a c&le1 or into ! wick ( a _s lamp1 w communicate to ! flame _! peculi> colors3 ,*loride ( ,soda 7common salt7 ,yell[4 8 ( ,pota% ,pale violet4 8 ( ,lime ,brick r$4 8 ( ,/rontia ,bright crimson4 8 ( ,li?ia ,r$4 8 ( ,b>yta ,apple gre54 8 ( ,copp] ,blui% gre54 ,borax ,yell[4 ,or ei!r ( ! above salts may be mix$ ) _s ( w9e1 z direct$1 = ,r$ ,fire4 ,,orange ,,color$ ,,flame4 ,burn _s ( w9e on *loride ( calcium1 a sub/ance obta9$ by evaporat+ muriate ( lime to dryness4 ,,em]ald ,,gre5 ,,flame4 ,burn _s ( w9e on a little p[d]$ nitrate ( silv]4 ,,in/antane\s ,,flame4 ,heat toge!r potassium & sulphur1 & !y w in/antly burn v vividly4 ,heat a little nitre on a fire-%ovel1 spr9kle on x fl\r ( sulphur1 & x w in/antly burn4 ,if iron fil+s be ?r[n ^u r$ hot nitre1 !y w detonate & burn4 ,wat] ( ,diff]5t ,temp]atures 9 ! ,same ,vessel4 ,( heat & cold1 z ( wit & madness1 x may be said t 8?9 p>titions d _! b\nds divide40 ,?us1 pa9t "o half ( ! surface ( a t9 pot ) a mixture ( lamp black & size1 & leave ! o!r half or side bright2 fill ! vessel ) boil+ wat]1 & by dipp+ a !rmomet]1 or ev5 ! f+]1 into x %ortly aft]1 x w be f\nd to cool mu* m rapidly ^u ! black5$ ?an ! bright side ( ! pot4 ,w>m? ( ,diff]5t ,colors4 ,place ^u ! surface ( sn[1 z ^u ! w9d[-sill1 9 bright daylight or sun%9e1 pieces ( clo? ( ! same size & quality1 b ( diff]5t colors1 black1 blue1 gre51 yell[ & :ite2 ! black clo? w soon melt ! sn[ b5ea? x1 & s9k d[nw>ds2 next ! blue1 & !n ! gre52 ! yell[ b slightly2 b ! sn[ b5ea? ! :ite clo? w be z firm z at fir/4 ,laugh+ ,gas4 ,! above fanciful appellation has be5 giv5 to nitr\s oxide1 f ! v agreeable s5sations excit$ by inhal+ x4 ,9 its pure /ate x de/roys animal life1 b loses ?is noxi\s quality :5 inhal$1 because x becomes bl5d$ ) ! atmosph]ic air :i* x meets 9 ! lungs4 ,?is gas is made by putt+ ?ree or f\r drams ( nitrate ( ammonia 9 cry/als into a small glass retort1 :i* be+ held ov] a _s lamp1 ! cry/als w melt1 & ! gas be evolv$4 ,hav+ ?us produc$ ! gas1 x is to be pass$ into a l>ge bladd] hav+ a /op-cock2 & :5 y are desir\s ( exhibit+ its effects y cause ! p]son :o wi%es to exp]i5ce !m to fir/ exhale ! atmosph]ic air f ! lungs1 & !n quickly plac+ ! cock 9 8 m\? y turn x1 & bid him inhale ! gas4 ,imm$iately a s5se ( extraord9>y *e]fulness1 fanciful flights ( imag9ation1 an uncontrollable prop5sity to laught]1 & a consci\sness ( be+ capable ( great muscul> ex]tion1 sup]v5e4 ,x does n op]ate 9 exactly ! same mann] on all p]sons2 b 9 mo/ cases ! s5sations are agreeable1 & h ?is important diff]5ce f ^? produc$ by w9e or spiritu\s liquors1 t !y are n succe$$ by any depression ( m9d4 ,magic ,vapor4 ,provide a glass tube ab\t ?ree feet long & half an in* 9 diamet]2 ne>ly fill x ) wat]1 ^u ! surface ( :i* p\r a little color$ e!r2 !n close ! op5 end ( ! tube c>efully ) ! palm ( ! h&1 inv]t x 9 a bas9 ( wat]1 & re/ ! tube aga9/ ! wall4 ,! e!r w rise ?r\gh ! wat] to ! upp] end ( ! tube2 p\r a little hot wat] ov] ! tube1 & x w soon cause ! e!r to boil )91 & its vapor may ?us be made to drive ne>ly all ( ! wat] out ( ! tube into ! bas94 ,if1 h[ev]1 y !n cool ! tube by p\r+ cold wat] ov] x1 ! vaporiz$ e!r w aga9 become a liquid1 & float ^u ! wat] z be=e4 ,gas f ! ,union ( ,metals4 ,ne>ly fill a w9e glass ) dilut$ sulphuric acid1 & place 9 x a wire ( silv] & ano!r ( z9c1 tak+ c>e t !y d n t\* ea* o!r1 :5 ! z9c w be *ang$ by ! acid1 b ! silv] w rema9 in]t4 ,b cause ! upp] ends ( ! wires to t\* ea* o!r1 & a /ream ( gas w issue f !m4 ,gre5 ,fire4 ,a beautiful gre5 fire may be ?us made3 ,take ( fl\r ( sulphur ?irte5 p>ts1 nitrate ( b>yta sev5ty-sev51 *lorate ( pota% five1 metallic ars5ic two1 & *>coal ?ree4 ,let ! nitrate ( b>yta be well dri$ & p[d]$2 !n add to x ! o!r +r$i5ts1 all f9ely pulv]iz$1 & exce$+ly well mix$ & rubb$ toge!r4 ,place a portion ( ! composition 9 a small t9 pan1 hav+ a poli%$ reflector fitt$ to "o side1 & set light to x1 :5 a spl5did gre5 illum9ation w be ! result4 ,by add+ a little calam9e x w burn m sl[ly4 ,combu/ion ( ,?ree ,metals4 ,mix a gra9 or two ( potassium ) an equal quantity ( sodium2 add a globule ( quicksilv]1 & ! ?ree metals1 :5 %ak51 w take fire & burn vividly4 ,to ,make ,pap] ,app>5tly ,incombu/ible4 ,take a smoo? cyl9drical piece ( metal1 ab\t "o in* & a half 9 diamet]1 & eight in*es long4 ,wrap v closely r\nd x a piece ( clean writ+ pap]1 !n hold ! pap] 9 ! flame ( a _s lamp1 & x w n take fire4 ,b x may be held !re = a consid]able "t )\t be+ 9 ! lea/ affect$ by ! flame4 ,if ! pap] be /ra9$ ov] a cyl9d] ( wood x is quickly scor*$4 ,heat ,n to be ,e/imat$ by ,t\*4 ,hold bo? h&s 9 wat] :i* causes ! !rmomet] to rise to n9ety degrees1 & :5 ! liquid has become /ill1 y w be ins5sible to ! heat1 & t ! h& is t\*+ anybody4 ,!n remove "o h& to wat] t causes ! !rmomet] to rise to two hundr$ degrees1 & ! o!r 9 wat] at ?irty-two degrees4 ,aft] hold+ ! h&s ?us = "s "t remove !m1 & aga9 imm]se !m 9 ! wat] at n9ety degrees4 ,!n y w f9d w>m? 9 "o h& & cold 9 ! o!r4 ,to ! h& :i* _h be5 imm]s$ 9 ! wat] at ?irty-two degrees1 ! wat] at n9ety degrees w feel hot2 & to ! h& :i* _h be5 imm]s$ 9 ! wat] at two hundr$ degrees1 ! wat] at n9ety degrees w feel cool4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! t\* 9 ?is case be tru/$1 ! same wat] w be judg$ to be hot & cold at ! same "t4 ,flame ,^u ,wat]4 ,fill a w9e glass ) cold wat]1 p\r lightly ^u its surface a little e!r2 light x by a slip ( pap]1 & x w burn = "s "t4 ,rose-color$ ,flame ,^u ,wat]4 ,drop a globule ( potassium1 ab\t ! size ( a l>ge pea1 into a small cup ne>ly full ( wat] conta9+ a drop or two ( /rong nitric acid2 ! mom5t t ! metal t\*es ! liquid x w float ^u its surface1 envelop$ ) a beautiful rose-color$ flame1 & entirely dissolve4 ,curr5ts 9 ,boil+ ,wat]4 ,fill a l>ge glass tube ) wat]1 & ?r[ into x a few p>ticles ( bruis$ amb] or %r$s ( litmus2 !n hold ! tube by a h&le = ! purpose1 upright 9 ! flame ( a lamp1 & z ! wat] becomes w>m x w be se5 t curr5ts1 c>ry+ ) !m ! pieces ( amb] w beg9 to asc5d 9 ! c5t]1 & to desc5d t[>ds ! circumf]5ce ( ! tube4 ,^! curr5ts w soon become rapid 9 _! motions1 & cont9ue till ! wat] boils4 ,hot ,wat] ,light] ?an ,cold4 ,p\r into a glass tube1 ab\t t5 in*es long & "o in* 9 diamet]1 a little wat] color$ ) p9k or o!r dye2 !n fill x up gradually & c>efully ) colorless wat]1 s z n to mix !m2 apply heat at ! bottom ( ! tube1 & ! color$ wat] w asc5d & be diffus$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,expansion ( ,wat] by ,cold4 ,all fluids except wat] dim9i% 9 bulk till !y freeze4 ,?us1 fill a l>ge !rmomet] tube ) wat]1 say ( ! temp]ature ( eighty degrees1 & !n plunge ! bulb into p\nd$ ice & salt1 or any o!r freez+ mixture2 ! wat] w g on %r9k+ 9 ! tube till x has atta9$ ! temp]ature ( ab\t =ty degrees1 & !n1 in/ead ( cont9u+ to contract till x freezes1 x w be se5 sl[ly to exp&1 & consequ5tly to rise 9 ! tube until x congeals4 ,9 ?is case ! expansion bel[ =ty degrees & above =ty degrees seem to be equal1 s t ! wat] w be ( ! same bulk at ?irty-two degrees z at =ty-eight degrees1 t is1 at eight degrees above or bel[ =ty degrees4 ,! ,cup ( ,tantalus4 ,?is pretty toy may be pur*as$ at any optician's = sev5ty-five c5ts4 ,x consi/s ( a cup 9 :i* is plac$ a human /&+ figure conceal+ a syphon or b5t tube1 ) "o end long] ?an ! o!r4 ,?is rises 9 "o leg ( ! figure to rea* ! *91 & desc5ds ?r\gh ! o!r leg1 ?r\gh ! bottom ( ! cup to a res]voir b5ea?4 ,if y p\r wat] 9 ! cup x w rise 9 ! %ort] leg by its upw>d pressure1 driv+ out ! air be=e x ?r\gh ! long] leg2 & :5 ! cup is fill$ above ! b5d ( ! syphon1 t is1 level ) ! *9 ( ! figure1 ! pressure ( ! wat] w =ce x ov] into ! long] leg ( ! syphon1 & ! cup w be empti$1 ! toy ?us imitat+ ,tantalus1 ( my?ology1 :o is repres5t$ by ! poets z puni%$ 9 ,erebus ) an insatiable ?ir/1 & plac$ up to ! *9 9 a pool ( wat]1 :i*1 h[ev]1 fl[$ away z soon z he attempt$ to ta/e x4 ,! ,magic ,:irlpool4 ,fill a glass tumbl] ) wat]1 ?r[ ^u its surface a few fragm5ts or ?9 %av+s ( camphor1 & !y w in/antly beg9 to move1 & acquire a motion bo? progressive & rot>y1 :i* w cont9ue = a consid]able "t4 ,dur+ ^! rotations if ! wat] be t\*$ by any sub/ance :i* is at all greasy1 ! float+ p>ticles w quickly d>t back1 &1 z if by a /roke ( magic1 be in/antly depriv$ ( _! motion & vivacity4 ,9 l mann]1 if ?9 slices ( cork be /eep$ 9 sulphuric e!r 9 a clos$ bottle = two or ?ree days1 & !n plac$ ^u ! wat]1 !y w rotate = sev]al m9utes1 l ! camphor1 until ! slices ( cork1 hav+ dis*>g$ all _! e!r1 & become soak$ ) wat]1 !y w keep at re/4 ,if ! wat] be made hot ! motion ( ! camphor w be m rapid ?an 9 cold wat]1 b x w cease 9 proportionately less "t4 ,?us1 provide two glasses1 "o conta9+ wat] at fifty-eight degrees1 & ! o!r at two hundr$ & t5 degrees2 place rasp+s ( camphor ^u ea* at ! same "t2 ! camphor 9 ! fir/ glass w rotate = ab\t five h\rs1 until all b a v m9ute portion has evaporat$1 :ile ! rotation ( ! camphor 9 ! hot wat] w la/ only n9ete5 m9utes4 ,ab\t half ! camphor w pass (f & ! rema9+ pieces1 in/ead ( be+ dull1 :ite & opaque1 w be vitre\s & transp>5t1 & evid5tly soak$ ) wat]4 ,! gyrations1 too1 :i* at fir/ w be v rapid1 w gradually decl9e 9 velocity until !y become q sluggi%4 ,! /ill+ influ5ce ( oil ^u waves has become prov]bial4 ,! extraord9>y mann] 9 :i* a small quantity ( oil in/antly spreads ov] a v l>ge surface ( tr\bl$ wat]1 & ! /eal?y mann] 9 :i* ev5 a r\gh w9d glides ov] x mu/ h excit$ ! admiration ( all :o h witness$ x4 ,by ! same pr9ciple a drop ( oil may be made to /op ! motion ( ! camphor1 z foll[s3 ,?r[ "s camphor1 bo? 9 slices & 9 small p>ticles1 ^u ! surface ( wat]1 & :ile !y are rotat+ dip a glass rod into oil ( turp5t9e4 ,!n all[ a s+le drop !re( to trickle d[n ! inn] side ( ! glass to ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,! camphor w in/antly d>t to ! opposite po9t ( ! liquid surface1 & cease to rotate4 ,if a few drops ( sulphuric or muriatic acid be let fall into ! wat]1 !y w gradually /op ! motion ( ! camphor1 b if camphor be dropp$ into nitric acid1 dilut$ ) its own bulk ( wat]1 x w rotate rapidly = a few seconds & !n /op4 ,if a piece ( ! rotat+ camphor be att5tively exam9$ ) a l5s1 ! curr5ts ( ! wat] c be well di/+ui%$1 jett+ out1 *iefly f ! corn]s ( ! camphor1 & be>+ x r\nd ) irregul> =ce4 ,! curr5ts1 z giv5 out by ! camphor1 may also be se5 by means ( ! microscope2 a drop or two ( pure wat] be+ plac$ ^u a slip ( glass1 ) a p>ticle ( camphor float+ ^u x4 ,by ?is means ! curr5t may be detect$1 & x w be se5 t !y cause ! rotations4 ,a flat wat*-glass may be employ$1 rais$ a few in*es & support$ on a wire r+1 kept /eady by ?ru/+ "o end into an upright piece ( wood l a retort /&4 ,!n put ! camphor & wat] 9 ! wat*-glass1 & place "u ! frame a %eet ( :ite pap]1 s t x may receive ! %ad[ ( ! glass1 camphor1 etc41 to be ca/ by a /eady light1 plac$ above1 & some:at on "o side ( ! wat*-glass4 ,on obs]v+ ! %ad[1 :i* may be consid]$ a magnifi$ repres5tation ( ! object itself1 ! rotations & curr5ts c be di/+ui%$4 ,fire ,"u ,wat]4 ,put ?irty gra9s ( phosphorus into a bottle :i* conta9s ?ree or f\r ounces ( wat]4 ,place ! vessel ov] a lamp & give x a boil+ heat4 ,balls ( fire w soon be se5 to issue f ! wat] aft] ! mann] ( an artificial firework1 att5d$ ) ! mo/ beautiful coruscations4 ,to ,light ,/eel4 ,make a piece ( /eel r$ 9 ! fire1 !n hold x ) a pair ( p9c]s or tongs2 take 9 ! o!r h& a /ick ( brim/one & t\* ! piece ( /eel ) x4 ,imm$iately aft] _! contact y w see ! /eel melt & drop l a liquid4 ,a ,te/ ( ,love4 ,put into a phial "s sulphuric e!r1 color x r$ ) alkanet1 !n saturate ! t9cture ) sp]maceti4 ,?is prep>ation is solid t5 degrees above freez+ po9t1 & melts & boils at tw5ty degrees4 ,place ! phial :i* conta9s x 9 a lady's h& & tell h] t if 9 love1 ! solid mass w dissolve4 ,9 a few m9utes ! sub/ance w become fluid4 ,an ,egg ,pu%$ ,into a ,w9e ,bottle4 ,to accompli% ?is seem+ly incr$ible act requires ! foll[+ prep>ation3 ,y mu/ take an egg & soak x 9 /rong v9eg>1 & 9 process ( "t its %ell w become q s(t s t x may be ext5d$ l5g?ways )\t break+2 !n ins]t x into ! neck ( a small bottle1 & by p\r+ cold wat] ^u x1 x w reassume its =m] figure & h>dness4 ,?is is really a complete curiosity1 & baffles ^? :o are n 9 ! secret to f9d out h[ x is accompli%$4 ,if ! v9eg> us$ to saturate ! egg is n suffici5tly /rong to produce ! requir$ s(tness ( %ell1 add "o teaspoonful ( /rong acetic acid to e two tablespoonfuls ( v9eg>4 ,?is w r5d] ! egg p]fectly flexible1 & ( easy ins]tion into ! bottle1 :i* mu/ !n be fill$ ) cold wat]4 ,a ,*emical ,f\nta94 ,take two small glass j>s & close !m ) corks4 ,9 ea* ( ^! pi]ce two holes & introduce a glass tube curv$ 9 ! =m ( a l5g!n$ ,v4 ,! two extremities ( ?is tube mu/ n rea* fur!r ?an j a little bel[ ! inn] surface ( ! corks4 ,9 "o j> p\r wat] until x is ?ree-qu>t]s full1 & pass ?r\gh ! second hole ( ! cork a /raight glass tube1 op5 at bo? ends & rea*+ ne>ly ! bottom4 ,?is j> mu/ be h]metically cork$4 7,if necess>y1 seal ! top47 ,9 ! o!r j> put "s *alk1 & 9 ! second hole ( ! cork1 left free1 pass ! extremity ( a pap] funnel 9 :i* y place a pellet ( wax or putty4 ,y\r app>atus ?us be+ ready1 ?r\gh ! funnel p\r "s v9eg>1 or bett] /ill1 "s sulphuric acid4 ,! latt] +r$i5t com+ 9 contact ) ! *alk1 =ms c>bonic acid1 :i*1 n be+ able to escape ?r\gh ! funnel clos$ by ! pellet1 passes ?r\gh ! curv$ tube into ! o!r j> & is dissolv$ 9 ! wat]4 ,illu/ration ,aft] "s "t a /rong pressure w be ex]cis$ on ! liquid1 & ! wat] ris+ rapidly up ?r\gh ! v]tical tube1 w sp\t out z f a f\nta94 ,?is exp]im5t may be v>i$ & r$uc$ to a simpl] "o4 ,take "o j>1 fill x up two-?irds ) wat]1 & fit x ) a cork ) two holes1 ?r\gh :i* pass two tubes2 ! "o go+ to ! bottom1 ! o!r re/+ j ov] ! surface ( ! liquid4 ,! latt] %\ld be fitt$ ) a receiv]4 ,seal ! cork s z to r5d] x air-tight4 ,9 ! top receiv] p\r wat]1 :i* w g d[n into ! j> & raise ! level ( ! wat] already conta9$ 9 x4 ,! air1 be+ compress$1 w act ^u ! liquid mass 9 ! l[] j>1 & ! wat] w escape ?r\gh ! free tube 9 a jet ) m or less =ce accord+ to ! pressure ex]cis$4 ,weigh+ ,gases4 ,d n be ca/ d[n because y see ano!r t]m to be expla9$4 ,a gas is1 y may h already guess$1 simply a fluid4 ,matt] exi/s 9 ?ree /ates1 solid1 liquid & gase\s4 ,ev]y?+ c exi/ 9 ^! ?ree /ates "u diff]5t conditions ( heat & pressure4 ,= in/ance1 ice1 wat]1 & /eam are precisely ! same ?+1 a mixture ( oxyg5 & hydrog51 ?\gh 9 diff]5t /ates4 ,h5ce /eam is simply ! gase\s =m ( ice or wat]4 ,n[ "s gases are heavi] ?an air1 & among !m is c>bonic acid1 a gas giv5 (f f ! lungs 9 brea?+4 ,by means ( a v simply-con/ruct$ balance1 y c prove ?is gas to be heavi] ?an air4 ,s\nds que]1 doesn't x8 to talk ( weigh+ some?+ t y _c h&le or see4 ,x is n difficult to d4 ,b5d "s wire1 m9d+ t ! beams ( ! balance are curv$ z 9 ! figure4 ,= "o side ( ! scales a /rong c>dbo>d box w answ] admirably2 = ! o!r ! lid ( a r\nd box w s]ve4 ,hang ! :ole on a /r+ & adju/ x by putt+ "s gra9s ( s& 9 ! r\nd scale on :i* ! weights are plac$1 to make ea* side balance "o ano!r & ! scales are ready = use4 ,illu/ration ,! production ( c>bonic acid is easy4 ,p\r a little sulphuric acid & wat] ov] "s *alk4 ,collect ! gas giv5 (f 9 a bottle or j>4 ,9 do+ s y ne$ n be afraid t x w escape1 s9ce x is heavi] ?an ! air4 ,9 p\r+ x 9 ! box ( ! scale1 y w see ! box s9k d[n1 :i* is cle>ly an indication t ! gas1 :i* has j be5 p\r$ into ! scale is heavi] ?an ! air1 ^: place x has tak54 ,?is exp]im5t may be tri$ 9 o!r curi\s ways4 ,9 ,wat] b n ,wet4 ,) "s lycopodium1 p[d] ! surface ( a l>ge or small vessel ( wat]2 y may !n *all5ge any "o to drop a piece ( money into ! wat]1 & t y w get x ) ! h& )\t wett+ y\r sk94 ,! lycopodium adh]es to ! h&1 & prev5ts its contact ) ! wat]4 ,a little %ake ( ! h& aft] ! feat is ov] w dislodge ! p[d]4 ,image ( a ,volcano4 ,?is is ano!r exp]im5t on ! d5sity ( liquids4 ,9 a small j> put "s w9e or color$ alcohol1 & close x ) a cork1 ?r\gh :i* y h pass$ a small tube1 a quill or a holl[ /raw4 ,9 l[]+ ?is j> g5tly 9 a pail full ( wat]1 y w soon see ! liquid escape & rise to ! surface ( ! wat]1 describ+ spirals :i* resemble smoke1 & give a pretty good image1 consid]ably dim9i%$1 ( a volcano4 ,reciprocal ,images4 ,make two holes 9 ! wa9scot ( a room1 ea* a foot high & t5 in*es wide1 & ab\t a foot di/ant f ea* o!r4 ,let ^! ap]tures be ab\t ! height ( a man's head1 & 9 ea* ( !m place a transp>5t glass 9 a frame l a common mirror4 ,beh9d ! p>tition1 & directly fac+ ea* ap]ture1 place two mirrors inclos$ 9 ! wa9scot1 9 an angle ( =ty-five degrees4 ,^! mirrors are ea* to be eighte5 in*es squ>e1 & all ! space betwe5 mu/ be inclos$ ) pa/ebo>d pa9t$ black1 & well clos$ t no light c ent]2 let !re be also two curta9s to cov] !m1 :i* y may draw aside at pleasure4 ,:5 a p]son looks into "o ( ^! fictiti\s mirrors1 in/ead ( see+ 8 own face1 he w see ! object t is 9 front ( ! o!r2 ?us1 if two p]sons /& at ! same "t be=e ^! mirrors1 in/ead ( ea* see+ himself1 !y w reciprocally see ea* o!r4 ,!re %\ld be a sconce ) a light$ c&le plac$ on ea* side ( ! two glasses 9 ! wa9scot1 to enlight5 ! faces ( ! p]sons :o look 9 !m1 or ! exp]im5t w n h s rem>kable an effect4 ,imitation ( ,animal ,t9ts4 ,to accompli% ?is metamorphosis1 x is necess>y to h e>!n vases :i* h little edges or rims ne> _! m\?s1 & %\ld be ( a size suffici5tly l>ge to hold susp5d$ ! bird or fl[] :i* y int5d plac+ 9 !m4 ,y %\ld likewise be provid$ ) /opp]s ( cork1 ( a diamet] equal to t ( _! m\?s4 ,to make an exp]im5t ^u "s bird1 x is necess>y to comm5ce by mak+ a hole 9 ! /opp]1 suffici5tly l>ge to conta9 ! neck ( ! bird )\t /rangl+ x4 ,?is done1 y divide ! diamet] ( ! /opp] into two equal p>ts s z to facilitate ! plac+ ( x ar\nd ! neck )\t do+ injury to ! bird4 ,! two p>ts be+ br\ght toge!r1 y place at ! bottom ( ! vase an ounce ( quicklime1 & b5ea? t a qu>t] ( an ounce ( sal ammoniac4 ,:5 y p]ceive ! eff]vesc5ce comm5ce to take place1 y promptly ins]t ! /opp]1 to :i* ! bird is atta*$1 leav+ ! neck outside4 ,! plumage ( ! body1 expos$ to ?is eff]vesc5t vapor1 w become impregnat$ ) ! v>i\s colors produc$ by ?is *emical comb9ation4 ,melt+ a ,co94 ,fix ?ree p9s 9 ! table & lay ! piece ( money ^u !m2 !n place a heap ( ! fl\r ( sulphur bel[ ! piece ( money1 & ano!r above x1 & set fire to !m4 ,:5 ! flame is ext9ct1 y w f9d on ! upp] "p ( ! piece a ?9 plate ( metal1 :i* has be5 deta*$ f x4 ,explosive ,gas4 ,mix two dra*ms ( ! fil+s ( iron ) "o ounce ( conc5trat$ _s ( vitriol 9 a /rong bottle t holds ab\t a qu>t] ( a p9t2 /op x close1 & 9 a few mom5ts %ake ! bottle2 !n tak+ out ! cork1 put a light$ c&le ne> its m\? :i* %\ld be a little incl9$1 & y w soon obs]ve an inflammation arise f ! bottle1 att5d$ ) a l\d explosion4 ,to gu>d aga9/ ! dang] ( ! bottle bur/+1 ! be/ way w\ld be to bury x 9 ! gr\nd & apply ! light to ! m\? by means ( a tap] fa/5$ to ! end ( a long /ick4 ,cold f ,evaporation4 ,e!r p\r$ ^u a glass tube 9 a ?9 /ream w evaporate & cool x to su* a degree t wat] conta9$ 9 x may be froz54 ,self-,danc+ ,egg4 ,fill a quill ) quicksilv]2 seal x at bo? ends ) good h>d wax2 !n h an egg boil$2 take a small piece ( ! %ell (f ! small end & ?ru/ 9 ! quill ) ! quicksilv]2 lay x on ! gr\nd & x w n cease tumbl+ ab\t z long z any heat rema9s 9 x2 or if y put quicksilv] into a small bladd] & bl[ x up1 !n w>m ! bladd]1 x w skip ab\t z long z heat rema9s 9 x4 ,fla% ( ,fire 9 a ,room4 ,dissolve camphor 9 spirits ( w9e & deposit ! vessel conta9+ ! solution 9 a v close room1 :]e ! spirits ( w9e mu/ be made to evaporate by /rong & spe$y boil+4 ,if any "o !n ent]s ! room ) a light$ c&le ! air w inflame1 :ile ! combu/ion w be s sudd5 & ( s %ort a duration z to occasion no dang]4 ,ca/ ,iron ,drops4 ,br+ a b> ( iron to a :ite heat & !n apply to x a roll ( sulphur4 ,! iron w imm$iately melt & run into drops4 ,! exp]im5t %\ld be p]=m$ ov] a bas9 ( wat]1 9 :i* ! drops t fall d[n w be qu5*$4 ,^! drops w be f\nd r$uc$ into a sort ( ca/ iron4 ,explosion )\t ,heat4 ,take a cry/al or two ( ! nitrate ( copp] & bruise !m2 !n moi/5 !m ) wat] & roll !m up quickly 9 a piece ( t9foil1 & 9 half a m9ute or little m1 ! t9foil w beg9 to smoke & soon aft] take fire & explode ) a slight noise4 ,unless ! cry/als ( ! nitrate ( copp] are moi/5$1 no heat w be produc$4 ,fi]y ,p[d]4 ,put ?ree ounces ( rock alum & "o ounce ( honey or sug> into a new e>!n di%1 glaz$1 & :i* is capable ( /&+ a /rong heat2 keep ! mixture ov] ! fire1 /irr+ x cont9ually until x becomes v dry & h>d2 !n remove x f ! fire & p\nd x to a co>se p[d]4 ,put ?is p[d] into a long-neck$ bottle1 leav+ a "p ( ! vessel empty2 & hav+ plac$ x 9 ! crucible1 fill up ! crucible ) f9e s& & surr\nd x ) burn+ coals4 ,:5 ! bottle has be5 kept at a r$ heat = ab\t sev5 or eight m9utes1 & no m vapor issues f x1 remove x f ! fire1 !n /op x ) a piece ( cork2 &1 hav+ suff]$ x to cool1 pres]ve ! mixture 9 small bottles1 well clos$4 ,if y unclose "o ( ^! bottles & let fall a few gra9s ( ?is p[d] on a bit ( pap]1 or any o!r v dry sub/ance x w fir/ become blue1 !n br[n1 & w at la/ burn ! pap] or o!r sub/ance on :i* x has fall54 ,illum9ation4 ,a v pleas+ exhibition may be made1 ) v little tr\ble or exp5se1 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,provide a box1 :i* y c fit up ) ar*itectural designs cut on pa/ebo>d2 prick small holes into ^? p>ts ( ! build+ :]e y wi% ! illum9ations to appe>1 obs]v+ t1 9 proportion to ! p]spective1 ! holes are to be made small]1 & on ! ne> objects ! holes are to be made l>g]4 ,beh9d ^! designs ?us p]=at$ y fix a lamp or c&le1 b 9 su* a mann] t ! reflection ( ! light %all only %9e ?r\gh ! hole3 !n plac+ a light ( j suffici5t brilliancy to %[ ! design ( ! build+s be=e x1 & mak+ a hole = ! sight at ! front end ( ! box1 y w h a tol]able repres5tation ( illum9at$ build+s4 ,! be/ way ( ?r[+ ! light 9 front is to place an oil$ pap] be=e x1 :i* w ca/ a mell[ gleam ov] ! sc5]y1 & n dim9i% ! effect ( ! illum9ation4 ,?is c be v easily plann$1 bo? n to ob/ruct ! sight1 nor be se5 to disadvantage4 ,! lights beh9d ! picture %\ld be v /rong1 & if a magnify+ glass 7 plac$ 9 ! sight hole x w\ld t5d greatly to increase ! effect4 ,! box mu/ be cov]$ 91 leav+ an ap]ture = ! smoke ( ! lights to pass ?r\gh4 ,! above exhibition c only be %[n at c&le light2 b !re is ano!r way1 by fix+ small pieces ( gold on ! build+1 in/ead ( drill+ ! holes1 :i* gives some?+ l ! appe>ance ( illum9ation1 b by no means equal to ! =ego+ exp]im5t4 ,n4 ,b4--,x w\ld be an improvem5t if pap] ( v>i\s colors1 r5d]$ transp>5t by oil1 7 plac$ betwe5 ! lights beh9d ! ap]ture 9 ! build+s1 z !y w\ld !n resemble lamps ( diff]5t colors4 ,sun & ,_s4 ,put a small quantity ( spirits ( w9e into a glass1 & put a c5t or co9 9 ) x2 !n direct ! rays ( ! sun by means ( a burn+ glass ^u ! co91 & 9 a %ort "t x w become s hot z to inflame ! spirits4 ,/>s 9 ,wat]4 ,put half a dra*m ( solid phosphorus into a l>ge p9t flask--hold+ x slant+ t ! phosphorus may n break ! glass4 ,p\r ^u x a gill & a half ( wat] & place ! :ole ov] a tea-kettle lamp1 or any common t9 lamp fill$ ) spirits ( w9e4 ,light ! wick :i* %\ld be almo/ half an in* f ! flask2 & z soon z ! wat] is heat$1 /reams ( fire w issue f ! wat] by />ts1 resembl+ sky-rockets2 "s p>ticles w adh]e to ! sides ( ! glass1 repres5t+ />s1 & w frequ5tly display brilliant rays4 ,^! appe>ances w cont9ue at times till ! wat] beg9s to simm]1 :5 imm$iately a curi\s aurora borealis beg9s1 & gradually asc5ds till x collects to a po9t$ flame2 :5 x has cont9u$ half a m9ute1 bl[ out ! flame ( ! lamp & ! po9t t 0 =m$ w ru% d[n1 =m+ beautiful illum9at$ cl\ds ( fire1 roll+ ov] ea* o!r = "s "t1 :i*1 disappe>+1 a spl5did hemisph]e ( />s pres5ts itself2 aft] wait+ a m9ute or two1 light ! lamp aga91 & ne>ly ! same ph5om5on w be display$ z f ! beg9n+4 ,let ! repetition ( light+ & bl[+ out ! lamp be made = ?ree or f\r times at lea/1 t ! />s may be increas$4 ,aft] ! ?ird or f\r? "t ( bl[+ out ! lamp1 9 a few m9utes aft] ! int]nal surface ( ! flask is dry1 _m ( ! />s w %oot ) great spl5dor f side to side1 & "s ( !m w fire (f ) brilliant rays2 ^! appe>ances w cont9ue sev]al m9utes4 ,:at rema9s 9 ! flask w s]ve = ! same exp]im5t sev]al times1 & )\t add+ any m wat]4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 aft] ! op]ation is ov]1 to lay ! flask & wat] 9 a cool1 secure place4 ,p>lor ,balloon+4 ,x is an int]e/+ & amus+ exp]im5t to inflate a balloon made ( gold-beat]'s sk9 7us+ a little gum arabic to close any holes or fissures71 fill+ x f a bladd] or j>1 & ty+ a ?read ar\nd ! m\? ( x1 to prev5t ! escape ( ! gas4 ,:5 fully bl[n1 atta* a fanciful c> ( color$ pap]1 or v ?9 pa/ebo>d1 to x1 & let x float 9 a l>ge room2 x w soon ga9 ! ceil+1 :]e x w rema9 = any l5g? ( "t2 if x be let (f 9 ! op5 air x w soon asc5d out ( sight4 ,?is exp]im5t may be v>i$ by putt+ small gra9s ( %ot into ! c>1 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! weight ( hydrog5 gas & atmosph]ic air4 ,m>vel\s4 ,wrap up a v smoo? ball ( lead 9 a piece ( pap]1 tak+ c>e t !re be no wr9kles 9 x1 & t x be ev]y:]e 9 contact ) ! ball2 if x be held 9 ?is /ate ov] ! flame ( a tap]1 ! lead w be melt$ )\t ! pap] be+ burnt4 ,! lead1 inde$1 :5 once fus$ w n fail 9 a %ort "t to pi]ce ! pap]1 & run ?r\gh4 ,mutability4 ,infuse a few %av+s ( logwood 9 common wat]1 & :5 ! liquid is suffici5tly r$ p\r x into a bottle4 ,!n take ?ree dr9k+ glasses & r9se "o ( !m ) /rong v9eg>2 ?r[ into ! second a small quantity ( p\nd$ alum1 :i* w n be obs]v$ if ! glass has be5 wa%$1 & leave ! ?ird )\t any prep>ation4 ,if ! r$ liquor 9 ! bottle be p\r$ into ! fir/ glass1 x w appe> ( a /raw color2 if ! second x w pass gradually f a blui% gray to black1 :5 /irr$ ) a key or any piece ( iron :i* has be5 previ\sly dipp$ 9 /rong v9eg>4 ,9 ! ?ird glass ! r$ liquor w assume a violet t9t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,end4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,our ,,t5 ,,c5t ,,h& ,,books4 ,,useful1 ,,in/ructive ,,& ,,amus+4 ,conta9+ valuable in=mation on almo/ e subject1 su* z ,writ+1 ,speak+1 ,danc+1 ,cook+2 also ,rules ( ,etiquette1 ,! ,art ( ,v5triloquism1 ,gymna/ic ,ex]cises1 & ,! ,sci5ce ( ,self-,def5se1 etc41 etc4 #a ,napoleon's ,oraculum & ,dream ,book4 #b ,h[ to ,d ,tricks4 #c ,h[ to ,flirt4 #d ,h[ to ,dance4 #e ,h[ to ,make ,love4 #f ,h[ to ,become an ,a?lete4 #g ,h[ to ,keep ,birds4 #h ,h[ to ,become a ,sci5ti/4 #i ,h[ to ,become a ,v5triloqui/4 #aj ,h[ to ,box4 #aa ,h[ to ,write ,love ,lett]s4 #ab ,h[ to ,write ,lett]s to ,ladies4 #ac ,h[ to ,d ,x2 or1 ,book ( ,etiquette4 #ad ,h[ to ,make ,c&y4 #ae ,h[ to ,become ,ri*4 #af ,h[ to ,keep a ,w9d[ ,g>d54 #ag ,h[ to ,dress4 #ah ,h[ to ,become ,beautiful4 #ai ,frank ,t\sey's ,u4 ,s4 ,di/ance ,tables1 ,pocket ,companion & ,guide4 #bj ,h[ to ,ent]ta9 an ,ev5+ ,p>ty4 #ba ,h[ to ,hunt & ,fi%4 #bb ,h[ to ,d ,second ,sight4 #bc ,h[ to ,expla9 ,dreams4 #bd ,h[ to ,write ,lett]s to ,g5tlem54 #be ,h[ to ,become a ,gymna/4 #bf ,h[ to ,r[1 ,sail & ,build a ,boat4 #bg ,h[ to ,recite & ,book ( ,recitations4 #bh ,h[ to ,tell ,=tunes4 #bi ,h[ to ,become an ,inv5tor4 #cj ,h[ to ,cook4 #ca ,h[ to ,become a ,speak]4 #cb ,h[ to ,ride a ,bicycle4 #cc ,h[ to ,behave4 #cd ,h[ to ,f5ce4 #ce ,h[ to ,play ,games4 #cf ,h[ to ,solve ,conundrums4 #cg ,h[ to ,keep ,h\se4 #ch ,h[ to ,become ,y\r ,own ,doctor4 #ci ,h[ to ,raise ,dogs1 ,p\ltry1 ,pigeons & ,rabbits4 #dj ,h[ to ,make & ,set ,traps4 #da ,! ,boys ( ,new ,york ,end ,m5's ,joke ,book4 #db ,! ,boys ( ,new ,york ,/ump ,speak]4 #dc ,h[ to ,become a ,magician4 #dd ,h[ to ,write 9 an ,album4 #de ,! ,boys ( ,new ,york ,m9/rel ,guide & ,joke ,book4 #df ,h[ to ,make & ,use ,electricity4 #dg ,h[ to ,break1 ,ride & ,drive a ,horse4 #dh ,h[ to ,build & ,sail ,canoes4 #di ,h[ to ,debate4 #ej ,h[ to ,/uff ,birds & ,animals4 #ea ,h[ to ,d ,tricks ) ,c>ds4 #eb ,h[ to ,play ,c>ds4 #ec ,h[ to ,write ,lett]s4 #ed ,h[ to ,keep & ,manage ,pets4 #ee ,h[ to ,collect ,/amps & ,co9s4 #ef ,h[ to ,become an ,eng9e]4 #eg ,h[ to ,make ,musical ,in/rum5ts4 #eh ,h[ to ,become a ,detective4 #ei ,h[ to ,make a ,magic ,lant]n4 #fj ,h[ to ,become a ,photograph]4 #fa ,h[ to ,become a ,b[l]4 #fb ,h[ to ,become a ,we/ ,po9t ,milit>y ,cadet4 #fc ,h[ to ,become a ,naval ,cadet4 #fd ,h[ to ,make ,electrical ,ma*9es4 #fe ,muldoon's ,jokes4 #ff ,h[ to ,d ,puzzles4 #fg ,h[ to ,d ,electrical ,tricks4 #fh ,h[ to ,d ,*emical ,tricks4 #fi ,h[ to ,d ,sleight ( ,h&4 #gj ,h[ to ,make ,magic ,toys4 #ga ,h[ to ,d ,me*anical ,tricks4 #gb ,h[ to ,d ,sixty ,tricks ) ,c>ds4 #gc ,h[ to ,d ,tricks ) ,numb]s4 #gd ,h[ to ,write ,lett]s ,correctly4 #ge ,h[ to ,become a ,conjuror4 #gf ,h[ to ,tell ,=tunes by ! ,h&4 #gg ,h[ to ,d ,=ty ,tricks ) ,c>ds4 #gh ,h[ to ,d ! ,black ,art4 #gi ,h[ to ,become an ,actor4 #hj ,gus ,williams' ,joke ,book4 ,all ! above books are = sale by newsdeal]s ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 or !y w be s5t1 po/-paid1 to y\r address1 on receipt ( #aj;c4 ea*4 ,s5d ,y\r ,"n & ,address = ,our ,late/ ,illu/rat$ ,catalogue4 ,,frank ,,t\sey1 ,publi%]1 #bd ,,union ,,squ>e1 ,,new ,,york4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ to p>agraph breaks ne> :]e !y are m5tion$4 ,punctuation has be5 made consi/5t4 ,v>iations 9 spell+ & hyph5ation 7 reta9$ z !y appe> 9 ! orig9al publication1 except t obvi\s typos h be5 correct$4 ,additional notes3 p4 #c3 ,ins]t$ 8t0 7pap]1 t give7 p4 #f3 8*oose0 *ang$ to 8*ose0 7& *ose to7 p4 #aa3 8j>1 or a s\p-plate0 %\ld be 8j>1 & a s\p-plate0 p4 #ah3 8alt]$ z 9 fig4 #d0 %\ld be 8alt]$ z 9 fig4 #f0 p4 #ah3 8lightness0 *ang$ to 8tightness0 7absolute tightness4 ,su*7 p4 #bb3 8entirely4 ,z0 *ang$ to 8entirely1 z0 7out entirely1 z7 p4 #bh3 8valve %[n 9 fig4 #d0 %\ld be 8valve %[n 9 fig4 #f0 p4 #de3 8)0 ins]t$ 7gr\nd1 ) a7