,,how ,,to ,,behave ,,and ,,how ,,to ,,amuse4 ,illustration ,a ,,handy ,,manual ,,of ,,etiquette ,,and ,,parlor ,,games4 ,,in ,,two ,,parts4 ,,compiled ,,by ,g4 ,h4 ,,sandison4 ---------- ,,published ,,by ,,the ,,christian ,,herald4 ,,louis ,,klopsch1 ,proprietor1 ,,bible ,,house1 ,,new ,,york4 ------------------------------ ,copyright #ahie1 ,,by ,,louis ,,klopsch4 ------------------------------ ,,press ,,and ,,bindery ,,of ,,historical ,,publishing ,,co41 ,,philadelphia4 ,,preface4 ,,etiquette has been tersely defined as 8the art of doing the proper thing in the proper way40 ,an acquaintance with the rules of etiquette is of the greatest service to all who are brought into contact with ,society1 and in these days few1 if any1 are wholly outside of the world of social usage and convention4 ,in this little ,manual1 it is not intended to lay down1 in the fullest sense1 rules for the guidance of the reader in all stations of social life1 but rather to furnish hints that may prove useful in dealing with those social events that are of most frequent occurrence4 ,the etiquette of the parlor1 the assembly chamber1 the street1 the social function1 is something all should know1 since to be ignorant concerning such matters is to class one's self as uninformed on many things that go to make up the sum total of everyday life1 and to know and practice which adds greatly to the pleasure of living4 ,the well-bred man or woman is always welcomed1 whereas the person who has no acquaintance with even the most ordinary social rules is quite differently regarded by the majority of people4 ,nor is there any reason why an acquaintance with social usages should longer be confined1 as in the past1 to certain classes4 ,the farmer's boy1 the intelligent mechanic and the humblest clerk or artisan1 in these days of widely-diffused knowledge1 may familiarize themselves with the customs and observances of polite society to an extent that will go far toward placing them on a level with those who would otherwise be regarded as their superiors4 ,refined manners are the boundary line between the ignorant and the cultured1 and it is within the power of all to aspire to belong to that class of men and women whose presence is always agreeable1 and who combine1 in rare degree1 that charm of manners and morals which is always allied with true nobility of character4 ,,contents4 ,,how ,,to ,,behave4 ,,part ,i4 ,,page ,anniversaries1 ,wedding #ec ,a ,young ,girl's ,social ,life1 #gj ,address1 ,polite ,terms of #fh ,birthdays and ,christenings1 #eg ,breakfast ,parties1 #cg ,bowing and ,salutation1 #af ,behavior in ,church1 #ff ,blushing1 #hb ,christenings and ,birthdays1 #eg ,correspondence1 ,etiquette of #fd ,church ,weddings1 #dh ,cards 7see ,invitations71 #df ,calls and ,calling ,cards1 #ah ,church1 ,behavior in #ff ,conversation1 ,art of #hi ,dinner ,table1 ,how to ,set the #cd ,dress1 ,men's #bc ,dbut1 ,young ,lady's #bg ,dinner ,parties1 #cj ,diners1 ,notes for #cf ,dancing1 #db ,dozing in ,public1 #gh ,enjoy the ,present ,hour1 #hd ,faulty ,social ,training1 #fi ,feet1 ,causes of ,deformed1 #hj ,gifts 7see ,wedding ,gifts71 #ea 8,high ,teas10 #dj ,home ,weddings1 #ea ,hands1 ,beautifying the #gi ,hands1 ,management of the #gg ,hint1 ,a ,useful #ib ,home ,maxims1 #hg ,innocent and ,sinful ,pleasures1 #gc ,introductions1 #ae ,invitations1 #df ,kettle-,drums1 #ci ,luncheons1 #cg1 #ci ,ladies' ,cards1 #ba ,make ,home ,attractive1 #hd ,men's ,dress1 #bc ,mock ,modesty1 #hh ,monopolizing ,talkers1 #ij ,mourning ,etiquette1 #ei ,notes about ,weddings1 #ed ,notes for ,diners1 #cf ,new ,year's ,calls1 #ee ,private ,weddings1 #ea ,posing for ,effect1 #gh ,points on ,being ,well ,dressed1 #ia ,servants1 ,treatment of #gg ,sitting1 ,awkwardness in #ha ,small ,talk1 when ,timely #hi ,stray ,hints1 #hd ,style of ,cards1 #ai ,sunny ,temper1 ,a #he ,superior ,hostess1 ,the #ib ,suppers1 #cg ,tactful ,hostesses1 #gj ,teas1 #cg ,teeth1 ,care of the #ha ,true ,politeness1 #hg ,various ,points on ,deportment1 #fh ,value of ,female ,society to ,man1 #hf ,weddings and ,wedding ,etiquette1 #df ,wedding ,breakfasts1 #ej ,wedding ,gifts1 #ea ,wedding ,anniversaries1 #ec ,wine ,question1 ,the #ce ,winking in ,public1 #gh ,young ,lady's ,dbut1 #bg ,youth1 ,enjoy ,your #ia ,,how ,,to ,,amuse4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,all-around ,story ,game1 #ajc ,anagrams1 #bgj ,ant and ,cricket1 #acb ,answers to ,conundrums1 #bfb ,art ,exhibition1 #bac ,a ,trip to ,paris1 #bia ,balancing a ,pencil1 #ajd ,beast1 ,bird or ,fish8 #abc ,bouquet1 #ajb ,bean ,bags1 #aad ,boston1 #aai ,blind-,man's ,buff1 #aae ,children1 ,amusing the #ada ,clumps1 #aca ,crambo1 #if ,cross ,questions1 #ih ,charades1 #bhc ,counting ,apple-seeds1 #abi ,consequences1 #abb ,conjuring ,tricks with ,coins1 #bbj ,conundrums and ,riddles1 #bdi ,dancing ,egg1 #ic ,divided ,pear1 #aja ,doesn't ,like ,peas1 #bic ,driving a ,needle through a ,cent1 #ajg ,french ,rhymes1 #ii ,five ,straw ,puzzle1 #ii ,force of the ,breath1 #aaa ,funny ,outlines1 #bif ,games of ,arithmetic1 #adc ,going to ,jerusalem1 #aad ,going ,shopping1 #abf ,guessing ,characters1 #acc ,guessing ,eyes and ,noses1 #abc ,globe1 ,rotation of the #ach ,hanging ,without a ,cord1 #aci ,horse1 #aba ,how1 ,when and ,where8 #ajf ,hunting the ,ring1 #aab ,hit or ,miss1 #abf ,i ,love ,my ,love1 #ajg ,lighting the ,candle1 #acj ,living ,pictures1 #aee ,location1 ,game of #aca ,logogriphs1 #bgb ,magic ,candle ,extinguisher1 #acd ,magic ,figures1 #aaj ,mary's ,little ,lamb1 #bie ,mirror1 ,the ,broken1 #ace ,my ,grandfather's ,trunk1 #ajf ,magic ,music1 #aac ,mesmerizing1 #abb ,miscellaneous ,tricks1 #bcc ,needles and ,pins ,made to ,float1 #abd ,old ,family ,coach1 #id ,optical ,illusions1 #agc ,pictured ,quotations1 #ig ,pin1 a ,wonderful1 #acg ,proverbs1 #ajh ,problem in ,gymnastics1 #acj 8,punch and ,judy10 #bja ,quotations1 #ie ,queer ,candlestick1 #aaf ,rebusses1 #bfh ,rooster1 #aba ,rhymes1 #ih ,redeeming ,forfeits1 #aca ,scorpion1 #adj ,shadows on the ,wall1 #abe1 #acg ,spin the ,plate1 #abi ,shadow ,buff1 #aac ,spinning a ,cent upon a ,needle ,point1 #abh ,sleight of ,hand1 #agi ,three ,matches1 #abf ,truth1 #abc ,throwing the ,handkerchief1 #aae ,the ,tailless ,donkey1 #aai ,tongue ,twisters1 #ajc ,tossing the ,rings1 #aji ,water1 ,through the #aci ,what ,d'ye ,buy1 #bhi 8,what1 ,sir6 ,me1 ,sir80 #aba ,where is ,your ,letter ,going8 #ajj ,what is ,your ,age8 #abj ,weighing a ,letter with a ,broomstick1 #aag ,wax-,works ,gallery1 #afb ,word-making1 #bic ,young ,folks' ,concert1 #bie ,zoetrope1 a ,parlor #ace ,,how ,,to ,,behave4 ,,introductions4 ,ladies who are on a social equality are introduced to each other1 and so also are gentlemen4 ,the latter1 however1 are always presented to ladies4 ,when the difference between the parties is a debatable one1 it is the formal custom among many to say1 8,mrs4 ,a41 this is ,mrs4 ,h42 ,mrs4 ,h41 ,mrs4 ,a40 ,where a gentleman is presented to a lady by another gentleman1 permission must first be secured from the lady1 and afterward the presentation is made complimentary by this formula3 8,mr4 ,mortimer desires to be presented to ,mrs4 or ,miss ,fairfax40 ,or if the individual making the presentation desires the unknown parties to become acquainted for his or her own personal reasons1 this form can be used3 8,this is ,mr4 ,mortimer1 ,mrs4 ,fairfax4 ,it gives me pleasure to present him to you40 ,the married lady1 if she be glad to know ,mr4 ,mortimer1 says so frankly and thanks the presenting party1 after which the latter retires4 ,the young lady expresses a polite recognition of the gentleman presented1 by bowing1 smiling1 and mentioning the name of the new acquaintance as a response4 ,the expressed gratification must come from the gentleman1 who will say some complimentary thing to her in regard to the ceremony4 ,hand shaking is not so common as it was formerly4 ,in introductions generally the younger is introduced to the elder1 except when a publicly admitted superiority exists4 ,the unknown is always presented to the famous4 ,the single lady is introduced to the married one1 and the single gentleman to the married1 other things being equal4 ,a person must conduct himself or herself1 while remaining in a house on invitation1 as if there were no more exalted society than that present4 ,to converse above the comprehension of others is an unpardonable egotism1 and to try to give the impression that superior surroundings are the only ones with which you are familiar is evidence to the contrary4 ,,bowing ,,and ,,salutations4 ,bowing means recognition and nothing else1 and it is the lady's prerogative to offer this1 and the gentleman's to accept it4 ,between intimate friends it is immaterial which bows first1 the gentleman or lady4 ,the lady may be distant or cordial in her salutation1 and the gentleman must be responsive to her manner1 and claim no more attention than she offers4 ,if a gentleman lifts his hat and stops after a lady has recognized him1 he may ask her permission to turn and accompany her for a little1 or even a long distance4 ,under no circumstances should he stand still in the street to converse with her1 or be offended if she excuse herself and pass on4 ,at entertainments a gentleman who is a formal acquaintance waits for the lady-guest to recognize his presence4 ,on entering a parlor to pay a visit1 a gentleman should always carry his hat1 leaving overshoes1 overcoat1 and umbrella in the hall if it be winter time4 ,the lady rises to receive him1 unless she is an invalid1 or aged1 in which case she receives him seated4 ,if she extends her hand to him1 he takes it1 but does not remove his glove4 ,he never offers his hand first4 ,if it be a brief call1 and others are present1 he seldom seats himself1 and takes leave very soon after another gentleman enters1 the lady not extending her hand a second time4 ,hand-shaking is falling into disuse in ordinary visits4 ,a lady should never accompany a gentleman to the door of the drawing-room1 much less to the vestibule1 unless she entertains a special regard for him4 ,she introduces him to no one1 unless there be some reason why this formality should take place2 and he talks with her other guests just as if he had met them before4 ,no after recognition is warranted between gentlemen1 or between ladies4 ,if the parties desire to be presented to each other1 the hostess should not refuse this formality if asked to perform it4 ,there may be cases when a gentleman may lift his hat to a lady1 even though he cannot bow to her4 ,it not infrequently happens when gentlemen are driving1 that they cannot touch their hats because too closely occupied2 but a cordial bow satisfies under such circumstances4 ,when riding in the saddle he may lift his hat1 or touch its rim with his whip4 ,etiquette permits either style of greeting4 ,in passing a group of mourners at a door-way1 where their dead is being carried forth1 or a funeral procession in a quiet street1 a gentleman should uncover his head4 ,a gentleman should always lift his hat when tendering a service1 however slight1 to a strange lady4 ,it may be the restoration of handkerchief or fan1 the receiving of her change1 opening her umbrella or any other courteous act4 ,to say 8,thank you60 is not now considered necessary2 it has ceased to be etiquette4 ,a gentleman will open a door for a strange lady1 hold it open with one hand and lift his hat with the other1 while she passes through4 ,he always quickly offers her the precedence4 ,a gentleman who is walking in the street with a lady1 touches his hat1 and bows to anyone she salutes in passing4 ,this is done in compliment to her acquaintance1 who is most likely a stranger to him4 ,if accompanying her across a drawing-room1 and she bows to a friend1 he inclines his head also but does not speak4 ,he always raises his hat when he begs a lady's pardon for an inadvertence1 whether he is known to her or not4 ,,calls ,,and ,,calling ,,cards4 ,it is a rule among the best people to call upon the stranger who is in town4 ,if the visitor brings letters of introduction1 an entree to society is easy through the usually observed forms4 ,if strangers who have come to reside near us1 or even to visit our locality1 bear credentials of respectability1 courteous and hospitable residents will call upon them1 after sufficient time has elapsed for the recently arrived to have adjusted themselves to their new positions4 ,no introduction is necessary in such a case4 ,the resident ladies call between two and five o'clock1 send in their own with their husbands' or their fathers' or brothers' cards1 and if they find the strangers disengaged1 a brief and cordial interview ends the first visit4 ,this must be returned within a week1 or a note of apology and explanation for the omission is sent1 and the return-visit is then paid later on4 ,if a card be sent in return for this visit1 or is left in person without an effort to see the parties who have made the first visit1 it is understood that the strangers prefer solitude1 or that there are reasons why they cannot receive visitors4 ,a gentleman should not make a first call upon the ladies of the family of a new-comer without an introduction or an invitation4 ,when should a lady call first on a new desirable acquaintance8 ,she should have met the new acquaintance1 should have been properly introduced1 and should feel sure that her own acquaintance is desired4 ,the oldest resident1 the one most prominent in society1 should call first4 ,good expedient for a first call is the sending out of cards1 for several days in the month1 by a lady who wishes to begin her social life in a new place4 ,these may be accompanied by the card of some well-known friend1 or they may go out alone4 ,if they bring visits or cards in response1 the beginner has started on her career with no loss of self-respect4 ,first calls should be returned within a week4 ,after a dinner-party a guest must call in person and inquire if the hostess is at home4 ,for other entertainments the lady can call by proxy1 or simply send her card4 ,in sending to inquire for a person's health1 cards may be sent with a courteous message4 ,no first visit should1 however1 be returned by card only4 ,bachelors should leave cards on the master and mistress of the house1 and the young ladies4 ,to turn down the corners of the card has become almost obsolete1 except1 perhaps1 where a lady wishes it understood that she called in person4 ,the plainer the card the better4 ,a small1 thin card for a gentleman1 not glazed1 with his name in small script and his address well engraved in the corner1 is in good taste4 ,a lady's card should be larger1 but not glazed or ornamented4 ,,style ,,of ,,cards4 ,ladies' cards should be nearly square 7about #b x #c inches71 of smooth-finished card-board1 medium weight1 pearl-white in color1 and the engraving plain script4 ,a gentleman's card is smaller and narrower1 7about #a #b inches71 of heavier card-board1 and the engraving larger and somewhat heavier4 ,if the surname is short1 the full name may be engraved4 ,if the names are long1 and the space does not admit of their full extension1 the initials of given names may be used4 ,the former style is preferred1 when practicable4 ,in the absence of any special title properly accompanying the name--as 8,rev410 8,dr410 8,col410 etc41--8,mr40 is always prefixed4 ,good form requires this on an engraved card4 ,if in any emergency a man writes his own name on a card he does not prefix 8,mr40 ,omit from visiting-cards all titles that signify transient offices1 or occupations not related to social life2 using such titles only as indicate a rank or profession that is for life2 and which has become a part of the man's identity1 or which is distinctly allied to his social conditions4 ,thus3 the rank of an officer in the army or the navy should be indicated by title on his card4 ,his personal card is engraved thus3 8,general ,green0--the title in full when only the surname is used2 or1 8,gen4 ,winfield ,green10 8,gen4 ,w4 ,s4 ,smith0--the title abbreviated when the given names1 or their initials1 are used4 ,officers on the retired list1 and veteran officers of the late war who rose from the volunteer ranks1 retain their titles by courtesy4 ,the official cards of political officers and ambassadors1 with the title and office of the man--with or without his name--should be used only on official or ,state occasions1 and during the term of office4 ,professional or business cards that bear ever so slight an advertisement of occupations are not allowable4 ,the three 8learned0 professions1 theology1 medicine1 and law1 are equally 8for life10 and should appear on the card4 ,on the other hand1 the callings of the clergyman and the physician respectively1 are closely allied to the social side of life1 closely identified with the man himself4 ,therefore 8,rev410 or 8,dr40 may with propriety be considered as forming an inseparable compound with the name4 ,the title is an important identifying mark1 and its omission1 by the clergyman1 at least1 is not strictly dignified4 ,it is not good form to use merely honorary titles on visiting-cards4 ,in most cases1 a man should lay aside all pretension to special office or rank1 and appear in society simply as 8,mr4 ,john ,brown40 ,an engraved address implies some permanency of location4 ,those who are liable to frequent changes of address would better omit this addition to the visiting-card1 writing the address in any emergency that requires it4 ,no messages should be written on a man's card1 and no penciling is allowed1 except as above1 to give 7or correct7 the address1 or in the case of 8,p4 ,p4 ,c40 cards1 sent by post4 ,,cards ,,for ,,ladies4 ,a woman's name should never appear on a visiting-card without either 8,mrs40 or 8,miss0 prefixed4 ,the exception would be in the case of women who have regularly graduated in theology or medicine4 ,such are entitled1 like their brothers1 to prefix 8,rev40 or 8,dr40 to their names4 ,a married woman's card is engraved with her husband's name1 with the prefix 8,mrs40 ,no matter how 8titled0 the husband may be1 his titles do not appear on his wife's visiting-card4 ,the wife of the ,president is not 8,mrs4 ,president ,washington10 but 8,mrs4 ,george ,washington40 ,a widow may1 if she prefers1 retain the card engraved during her husband's lifetime1 unless by so doing she confuses her identity with that of some other lady whose husband is still living4 ,it is more strictly correct for a widow to resume her own given name1 and to have her card so engraved4 ,an unmarried woman's card is engraved with her full name1 or the initials of given names1 as she prefers1 but always with the prefix 8,miss40 ,the address may be engraved or written in the lower right corner4 ,if a society woman has a particular day for receiving calls1 that fact is announced in the lower left corner4 ,if this is engraved1 it is understood to be a fixed custom2 if written1 it may be a transient arrangement4 ,if a weekly 8at home0 day is observed1 the name of the day is engraved1 as 8,tuesdays40 ,this means that during 8calling hours0 on any ,tuesday the hostess will be found at home4 ,a holiday1 a birthday1 a wedding anniversary1 or other event in a friend's life may be remembered by sending a card1 upon which is penciled 8,greeting10 8,congratulations10 8,best wishes10 or some similar expression4 ,such cards may be sent alone1 or may accompany gifts4 ,any brief message may be penciled on a woman's card1 provided the message is sufficiently personal to partake of the nature of a social courtesy4 ,but the card message should not be sent when courtesy requires a note4 ,in strictly formal circles a young woman1 during her first year in society1 pays no visits alone4 ,she accompanies her mother or chaperon4 ,she has no separate card1 but her name is engraved1 or may be written1 beneath that of her mother 7or chaperon7 on a card employed for these joint visits4 ,after a year or so of social experience the young woman has her separate card1 subject to the general rules for ladies' cards4 ,during the first year after marriage cards engraved thus3 8,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,james ,wills ,gray10 may be used by the couple in paying calls1 or returning wedding civilities4 ,such cards are also used when jointly sending presents at any time4 ,for general visiting1 after the first year1 husband and wife have separate cards4 ,cards are to be left in person in the following cases3 ,after a first hospitality1 whether accepted or not2 calls of condolence1 and after-dinner calls by cards4 ,in such cases1 when personal card-leaving is impossible1 the card is sent by a private messenger1 and an explanation1 or apology1 sent by note4 ,cards of condolence may be sent by mail by friends at a distance2 but not by persons residing in the near vicinity4 ,in cases where personal card-leaving is not imperative1 cards may be sent either by messenger or by mail4 ,social observance allows a man to delegate the distribution of his visiting-cards to a near female relative1 whenever it becomes impracticable for him to attend to the matter personally4 ,only the women of his own household1 or a relative with whom he habitually pays visits1 can thus represent him by proxy4 ,,men',s ,,dress4 ,good clothes are not alone sufficient to gain one admittance to the better circles of society1 but without them admittance is impossible4 ,when we go out into the world1 it is not sufficient to do as others do1 we must also dress as others dress4 ,the man is best dressed whose dress attracts least attention4 ,one's dress must be seasonable1 appropriate1 conform to the prevailing fashion1 without going in the least beyond it1 and appear to be comfortable4 ,to dress well requires sense1 taste and refinement4 ,dress is a safe index of character1 and few dress really well that would not be considered persons of culture4 ,the golden rule is to avoid extremes4 ,the man of sense and taste never wears anything that is 8loud10 flashy1 or eccentric2 he yields always to fashion1 but is never a slave to it4 ,one good suit of clothes does more service than two cheap suits4 ,the low-priced suit never looks well1 while the high-priced suit looks well to the last1 if kept clean and occasionally pressed into shape4 ,linen is a test of good taste4 ,shirts should fit well and be of good quality4 ,let your collars always be strictly within the fashion2 cuffs should be no larger than is necessary to admit of slipping the hand through them when buttoned4 ,colored shirts may be worn traveling1 in the country1 but most men of taste prefer white4 ,the pattern of colored shirts should be small and the color quiet4 ,if the coat1 trousers and vest of business and morning suits are not made of the same cloth1 the coat and vest should be of the same goods1 and darker than the trousers4 ,men who cannot spend much money with tailors should always select dark stuffs4 ,a dark morning suit may be worn on many occasions where the wearing of a light suit would be in bad taste4 ,single-breasted overcoats1 made with a 8fly10 are most worn1 and most desirable4 ,a man of taste always selects for his overcoats dark1 quiet colors4 ,his boots and shoes are made long1 broad in the sole and in the shank1 and with a big and only moderately high heel4 ,pinched toes are an abomination4 ,the shoe that does not look comfortable never looks well4 ,there are many women who wear shoes that distort the feet and are most uncomfortable2 such shoes1 however1 are rarely1 if ever1 seen on the feet of well-bred ladies4 ,a man's hat should be fashionable1 and his jewelry should be good and simple4 ,false jewelry is vulgar4 ,a watch1 to be thoroughly in good taste1 should never be very large1 nor very thick1 nor elaborately chased1 nor should it have a hunting-case unless his business or pleasure renders him liable to break a crystal1 when he is out of the easy reach of a jeweler to replace it4 ,the watch chain should always be small and the pattern plain4 ,indeed1 the young man who wears a big elaborate chain and attaches it in one of the lower button-holes of his vest has made an egregious blunder4 ,watch chains that go around the neck are no longer worn4 ,the vest chain should be attached nearly as high up as it will reach1 in a button-hole4 ,if a locket or seal is worn1 it should be very plain4 ,a man's ring should be on the third finger of the left hand4 ,all kinds of rings are worn by men except cluster rings2 they are worn by women only4 ,scarf-rings and collar-buttons with settings are in doubtful taste4 ,diamond studs are now very little worn by men of the better sort1 and they never wear them except with full evening dress4 ,three studs in a dress shirt are to be preferred to one4 ,imitation diamonds are the extreme of vulgarity4 ,nowadays1 with few exceptions1 men wear the hair very short1 and the exceptions are not found among men of taste4 ,the most artistic and becoming cut is that that trims the hair very short on the sides and back of the head1 and leaves it comparatively long on the top1 for the reason that a high head is always more pleasing than a low1 broad one4 ,the 8parting0 should be high up--in the middle1 if one chooses to put it there4 ,pomatums and other inventions of the barbers are no longer used4 ,most men look best with a full beard1 if it is kept properly trimmed and is well cared for4 ,a man with a beard that reaches down over his chest1 or a moustache so long as to be in his way1 is a disgusting object to look on4 ,if a man shaves a part of the face only1 he should shave that part that is most prominent4 ,a man with a prominent chin and thin cheeks should shave his chin and let his beard grow on the sides of his face2 on the other hand1 a man with a retreating or a light chin and full cheeks should shave his cheeks and let his beard grow on his chin4 ,in short1 the beard should be so trimmed1 if worn full1 or so cut1 if only a part is worn1 as to give regularity to the outline of the face4 ,every man1 no matter who he is1 should learn to shave himself quickly and well4 ,shaving should be as much a part of the regular morning toilet as the brushing of the hair4 ,much depends on having a good strap and knowing how to use it4 ,the finger nails should be kept moderately long1 and be so cut that they are a little more pointed than the upper ends of the nails are4 ,they should not be scraped1 and in cutting1 care should be taken not to encroach too much on the angles4 ,canes should be strong1 plain1 stiff1 light and small4 ,very big canes are in very bad taste1 especially for young men4 ,a full-dress suit consists of a swallow-tailed coat1 a low1 white or black single-breasted vest1 black trousers1 a white necktie1 a stand-up collar1 a high black hat1 and a pair of light kid gloves4 ,this dress should never be worn until evening1 and never before the dinner hour4 ,a white necktie should not be worn except with a full-dress suit1 save by clergymen and a few elderly men who never wear any other color4 ,black trousers should not be worn except with a dress coat1 save at funerals4 ,a high hat should not be worn with a sack coat4 ,a low hat should not be worn with a long coat--a double-breasted frock1 for example4 ,dark suits are preferable for ,sundays1 especially in town1 and light suits should never be worn to church anywhere4 ,double-breasted frock coats should always be black4 ,at small informal gatherings most men regard themselves as sufficiently dressed when they wear black frock coats and dark trousers4 ,at public entertainments where ladies wear bonnets1 the man who wears a black frock coat1 dark trousers1 and light kid gloves is better dressed--because more appropriately--than he that wears a full-dress suit4 ,no man who has any regard for the proprieties will ever appear at table1 even at home1 whether there are strangers present or not1 or will show himself to any one with whom he is not on a familiar footing1 in his shirt-sleeves4 ,a ,,young ,,lady',s ,d,,but4 ,social custom1 both here and in ,europe1 has fixed the time for a girl's formal introduction to society as between the ages of seventeen and twenty4 ,abroad1 the daughter's dbut means much more than with ourselves1 and the launching of a clever and prepossessing young girl into the fitful sea of social life is quite an important function4 ,the mother invites only suitable people to her house1 where she may present her daughter to them as a member of their circle4 ,this act conveys the information to the polite world that the young lady has been graduated in all the accomplishments and knowledge necessary as the equipment of a woman of society4 ,just previous to her formal presentation or dbut1 her mother and her elder unmarried sisters--if any--pay visits1 or at least leave their own with their fathers' and brothers' cards1 upon all acquaintances whom they intend to invite to be present at the dbut4 ,engraved invitations follow this formality1 and they are issued about ten days previous to the event4 ,if they are sent by mail1 an extra outer envelope incloses all the invitations that are directed to one family4 ,if delivered by messenger1 the outer wrap is no longer used4 ,the mail has become as suitable a method as any for conveying social messages4 ,one envelope is directed to ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,a4 ,if there are more daughters than one1 the address is1 8,misses ,a410 or1 if preferred1 8,the ,misses ,a40 ,each son receives a separate invitation2 it is the custom4 ,replies are sent in the names of the parties addressed on the envelopes4 ,the invitation is engraved in script1 or1 if crest or cipher be used1 it may be placed on the envelope1 and is in form similar to that used for parties4 ,cards have been used on which the special purpose of the party is stated1 with the name of the young lady who is to make her dbut engraved upon them2 but this is seldom done1 and is not considered in the best possible taste4 ,the following is the formula if such a card is used3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,b4 ,n4 ,,jones request the pleasure of presenting their eldest or second1 etc41 daughter1 ,,miss ,,ada ,,anna1 to 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444 on ,wednesday evening1 ,april #aa1 at half-past eight o'clock4 ,no4 #bjjb ,fifth ,avenue4 ,a preferable method is simply to inclose the card of the young lady in the envelope containing the invitation4 ,the reply is written and forwarded directly1 and corresponds in style to the invitation1 in the following manner3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,e4 ,,de ,,peyster accept with pleasure ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,b4 ,n4 ,,jones' kind invitation for ,wednesday evening1 ,april #aath4 ,no4 #ifi ,irving ,place4 ,march #abth4 ,the young ladies use the same form1 and commence their note with 8,the ,misses ,jones10 or in whatever style the invitation is sent to them4 ,young gentlemen follow the same custom4 ,intimate friends may send flowers on the day of the young girl's first appearance1 if they please2 but it is not an inflexible custom4 ,the young lady stands at the left of the mother during the reception of guests1 and is presented to her elders and to ladies4 ,of course1 welcomes and brief congratulatory compliments are offered to her by each guest1 and then place is made for the presentation of others who are arriving4 ,when supper is announced1 the brother or father escorts the young lady to the table1 and the mother follows1 accompanied by some honored gentleman guest4 ,if the brother takes the young lady in1 the father leads the way with the eldest or most distinguished lady of the party4 ,visits of ceremony paid to the hostess following this entertainment should include this young lady1 but during her first season in society she has no card of her own1 and does not pay formal visits alone4 ,if she be the eldest unwed daughter1 her name is engraved as ,miss ,jones1 beneath that of her mother4 ,if she have elder sisters at home1 her name is engraved as ,miss ,ada ,anna ,jones4 ,during this first season she does not receive visits from gentlemen without a chaperon under any circumstances4 ,if her mother be unable to receive with her1 she politely declines a visit4 ,after the first season1 her own separate card may be left1 either alone or with those of other members of her family4 ,this formality past1 she may be considered launched into the world of social intercourse4 ,young gentlemen on the other hand1 enter society without formality1 and without much difficulty4 ,a youth usually begins by endeavoring to assist his mother at her entertainments1 and by being an escort to his sisters on informal evening visits among lady acquaintances where his agreeable traits win him a future invitation4 ,,dinner ,,parties4 ,next to a wedding1 there is probably no social duty that taxes to a larger extent the cleverness and originality of the mistress of a modern household than a fashionable dinner4 ,as a preliminary step to such an event1 she is careful to catalogue all the names of those to whom she desires to extend the hospitalities of her house4 ,from all these she selects and groups those who will affect each other pleasantly4 ,the differences in social conditions often go far toward deciding upon the groups1 and the combinations of guests may be based upon mental accomplishments1 or family connection4 ,in either case the etiquette is the same4 ,to give a dinner in honor of some person1 or 8to meet0 a particular party1 as the invitation should explain 7provided the guest be not well-known and famous71 has an especial advantage in that it settles who shall1 and who need not1 be present4 ,this is a simple method of disposing of our first difficulty when issuing invitations4 ,in such a case the card of invitation should be in the usual form with the addition of an extra card as follows3 ,,to ,,meet ,,mr4 ,,arthur ,,mayne1 ,of ,new ,mexico4 thus intimating that the dinner is to be given in his honor4 ,the regular invitation should always be given in the name of the host or hostess1 thus3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,clarence ,,fitch request the pleasure of 44444444444444444444444444444444444444 company at dinner1 on 4444444444444444444444444444444444 at seven o'clock4 ,no4 #id ,florida ,avenue4 ,the custom of engraving the initials1 ,r4 ,s4 ,v4 ,p4 7,answer1 if you please71 on the lower left-hand corner is less followed than formerly4 ,another and also quite proper form1 when the dinner is given in honor of some distinguished person1 is to issue an invitation in this style3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,clarence ,,fitch request the pleasure of ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,robert ,,henderson',s company at dinner1 on ,tuesday1 ,january #abth1 at seven o'clock1 to meet the ,,hon4 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,gregory4 ,no4 #id ,florida ,avenue4 ,the form used in writing an immediate reply is as follows3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,robert ,,henderson accept with pleasure ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,clarence ,,fitch',s invitation to dinner1 at seven o'clock1 ,tuesday evening1 ,january #ab4 ,if unable to come1 the refusal should be worded in a manner expressive of disappointment4 ,the following is the popular style3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,robert ,,henderson regret that a previous engagement or illness1 or an unfortunate event prevents the acceptance of ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,clarence ,,fitch',s invitation for ,tuesday evening1 ,january #ab4 ,the answer1 whether affirmative or negative1 should be addressed to the mistress of the house1 and dispatched1 if possible1 within twenty-four hours of the receipt of the invitation4 ,having accepted an invitation1 be punctual4 8,to be too late is a crime1 and to be too early a blunder40 ,you should not fail to arrive within a very few minutes after the time named1 say within five1 or ten at most4 ,well-bred people1 and people that dine out frequently1 make a point of arriving in good time4 ,it is not well1 however1 to arrive before the hour named4 ,on entering the drawing-room1 go and pay your respects to the hostess1 then to the other members of the family1 and finally to any acquaintances present4 ,do not offer your hand either to hostess1 host1 or to any member of the family2 any offer to shake hands should come from them4 ,on leaving1 offer your hand1 if you choose1 to those of your entertainers that offered their hands to you when you arrived4 ,but it is well to confine your leave-taking to the hostess and host4 ,do not go the rounds and take leave of the whole company individually2 such a course is vulgar4 ,if you have a lady with you1 do not enter the drawing-room arm in arm nor side by side4 ,the lady1 or ladies will enter slightly in advance4 ,gentlemen do not wear gloves at dinner-parties4 ,dinner being announced1 the hostess gives the signal to leave the drawing-room4 ,the host or the hostess choose partners for their guests4 ,offer either arm to the lady4 ,in entering at doors a gentleman takes the lead1 until reaching the dining-room1 when he may let the lady pass first4 ,if there are steps1 you may allow the lady to pass first1 or you may go a step or two in advance4 ,if you go down side by side1 give her the side next the wall4 ,in the dining-room1 assist the lady to be seated1 and wait till the other ladies are in place before taking your seat4 ,the host remains standing until all are seated4 ,he also selects the places for his guests4 ,sit erect and close to the table4 ,unfold your napkin and spread it over your lap1 or over one knee1 as you prefer4 ,before being served and during the intervals between the courses1 do not toy with the knives1 forks1 or spoons1 or with anything on the table4 ,as soon as helped1 begin to eat1 but not hastily4 ,do not wait till your neighbors are served4 ,dinners usually begin with a soup4 ,this1 you should sip from the side of the spoon1 without noise4 ,not only soup1 but everything else eaten with a spoon should be sipped from its side when practicable4 ,the plate should never be tilted to get the last teaspoonful4 ,if the soup is too hot1 do not blow it1 but wait till it cools4 ,in eating it sit upright1 and do not rest your forearms on the table4 ,fish is eaten with a bit of bread in the left hand and a fork in the right4 ,neither soup nor fish is ever offered twice at a formal dinner4 ,as the fork is now used almost exclusively to convey all kinds of food that have any consistency to the mouth1 it is very desirable that one should know how to use it properly4 ,it should not be used in the left hand with the tines pointing upward4 ,food conveyed to the mouth with the fork in the left hand should be taken up either on the point of the tines1 or on their convex side4 ,in the right hand1 the fork may be used with the tines pointing upward or downward1 at will4 ,it need hardly be said that eating with the knife is a social offence not to be overlooked4 ,eat peas with a dessert spoon1 and curry also4 ,asparagus may be handled with the fingers of the left hand2 also ,saratoga potatoes and olives4 ,green corn should be cut from the cob and then eaten with a fork4 ,cheese is eaten with a fork1 or is placed1 with a knife1 on bits of bread and carried to the mouth with the thumb and finger4 ,pies and pts1 as a rule1 are eaten with a fork only4 ,sometimes it may be necessary to use a knife to divide the crust4 ,,how ,,to ,,set ,,the ,,dinner ,,table4 ,there is no pleasanter sight than an artistically set dinner table just before the guests are seated and the repast is served4 ,to set it is1 indeed1 an art of itself4 ,it should first be covered with a mat of double-faced cotton flannel wide enough to fall several inches below the edge1 all around4 ,this greatly improves the appearance of the table-cloth1 which can be laid much more smoothly over this soft foundation4 ,small table mats for the purpose of protecting the cloth are not fashionable at present4 ,the table-cloth should fall about half way to the floor all around4 ,for a square or extra wide table a large floral centre-piece1 either round or oblong1 is usually chosen1 with endless varieties in its component arrangement4 ,it may be low and flat1 like a floral mat1 in the middle of the table1 or may be lofty4 ,small fringed napkins of different colors are used with a dessert of fruits4 ,napkin rings are discarded by many hosts4 ,fancy doylies of fine linen embroidered with silk are sometimes brought in with the finger-bowls2 but these are not for utility1 the dinner napkin doing service1 while the embroidered doyly adds a dainty bit of effect to the table decoration4 ,good quality of chinaware and artistic glassware are also essential4 ,any ostentation in the use of plated ware is vulgar4 ,but one may take a pride and satisfaction in the possession of solid silver4 ,every ambitious house-keeper will devise ways of securing1 little by little1 if not all at once1 a neat collection of solid spoons and forks4 ,after the floral decorations and possibly a centre-piece of pond lilies or other flowers have been put in place1 with fruits and bonbons to balance the flowers1 and here and there at convenient points cut glass decanters of fresh sparkling water1 the next step is the laying of the covers4 ,the courses in their order are soup1 fish1 entrees 7served on hot plates71 roast 7which is carved at the side table71 and game 7if in season74 ,the heavy courses end1 the table is swept for crumbs and dessert is brought in4 ,finger-bowls and doylies are brought in on the dessert-plates4 ,each person at once removes the bowl and doyly to make ready for whatever is to be put on the plate4 ,strong coffee is served last of all1 in small cups1 fashion directing that caf noir or black ,french coffee be used4 ,,the ,,wine ,,question4 ,the wine question is one that disturbs many a dinner-giving family4 ,shall wine be served or not1 is a growing problem4 ,society has at last reached the point where it is not considered a breach of good form to serve a dinner without wine4 ,such a course is sanctioned by the example of many high social leaders2 and when it is the result of a temperance principle it has the respect of every diner-out4 ,no lady or gentleman will find fault with the absence of wine at his host's table4 ,it is good form for a host to serve or not serve wine1 just as he chooses4 ,apollinaris can be made to take the place of stronger waters1 and no embarrassment follow4 ,the hostess who simply does not offer wine to any guest under any circumstances1 is using her influence effectively and courageously in the cause of temperance and in support of ,christian principles4 ,,notes ,,for ,,diners4 ,at a dinner served in courses1 it is better1 as a rule1 not to take a second supply of anything4 ,it might delay the dinner4 ,bread should be broken1 not cut in small pieces4 ,to butter a large piece of bread and then bite it1 as children do1 is something the well-bred never do4 ,in eating game or poultry do not touch the bones with your fingers4 ,never gesticulate with your knife or fork in your hand1 nor hold them pointing upward1 keep them down on your plate4 ,a gentleman wears a dress suit at dinner4 ,a lady wears a handsome gown1 8dinner dress0 being 8full dress20 differing1 however1 from the evening party or reception gown in the kind of fabrics used4 ,gloves are removed by both ladies and gentlemen1 after being seated at the table1 and they need not be replaced again during the evening4 ,never load up your fork with food until you are ready to convey it to your mouth4 ,never send your knife and fork1 or either of them1 on your plate when you send for a second supply4 ,do not hold them meanwhile in your hand1 but lay them down1 with something under them--a piece of bread1 for example--to protect the table-cloth4 ,don't use a steel knife to cut fruit if there is a silver one4 ,don't hold your elbows out2 keep them close to your sides4 ,when you eat fruit that has a pit or a skin that is not to be swallowed1 the pit and skin must be removed from the mouth with the fingers of the left hand1 or with a spoon or fork in the right4 ,tea1 coffee1 chocolate1 etc41 are drunk from the cup and never from the saucer4 ,never blow your tea or coffee2 wait till it cools4 ,don't tip your chair1 nor lounge back in it1 nor hitch up your sleeves1 nor call 8,waiter60 nor try to talk with a full mouth1 nor masticate so loudly that others can hear you1 nor lay bones or bits of fruit on the table-cloth1 nor pick your teeth at table4 ,if you must do the last-mentioned1 do it unobserved1 if possible4 ,should you unfortunately overturn or break anything1 make no apology1 but let your regret appear in your face4 ,never fold your napkin where you are invited for one meal only1 but lay it loosely on the table4 ,when the ladies withdraw from the table1 the gentlemen rise4 ,remain in the drawing-room at least half an hour after dinner before bidding host and hostess good-by4 ,,breakfasts1 ,,luncheons1 ,,teas ,,and ,,suppers4 ,these1 and all similar entertainments of the 8,at ,home0 order1 are much less formal than the dinner event4 ,the breakfast invitation should read in the customary form1 and at the right hand lower corner the words3 8,breakfast at ten o'clock1 ,march #ae40 ,this breakfast should not be elaborate1 but dainty in its food and appointments4 ,the best of everything1 prepared in the choicest of styles1 but nothing heavy1 nor excessive in quantity1 should be prepared4 ,walking costumes are worn by both gentlemen and ladies1 also visiting-gloves1 which are removed at table4 ,the descent from the dressing-room and greetings between the hostess and guest are just the same as at a dinner-party4 ,suppers are usually gentlemen parties2 and from nine to ten o'clock is the usual time for them to be served4 ,there are game suppers1 fish suppers1 and several other kinds of suppers1 each one of which differs in the appropriate supplies for the table4 ,but the formalities of the occasion1 or1 rather1 the informalities1 are all of the same kind4 ,the invitations may be made at interviews1 by friendly notes1 or by the host's visiting-card1 with this1 written upon it3 ,,supper ,,at ,,ten ,o',,clock1 ,thursday1 ,september #af4 ,if it is a fish supper1 only little food except that which once lived in the water is provided2 salads and fruits1 without a sweet dessert1 complete it1 with the addition of coffee4 ,it was surely a gracious social benefactor who introduced the afternoon reception which1 between the hours of four and six1 summons a host of friends to cross one's threshold and meet informally1 over a social cup of tea1 each group giving place to others1 none crowding1 all at ease1 every one accorded a gracious welcome from the hostess1 who thus has tacitly placed each guest on her evening list for the season4 ,the afternoon reception is much the same1 whether it be a tea merely1 or a musicale1 or a literary occasion4 ,conversation and the chat of society1 the greeting of friends1 the tea and its pleasant accessories1 fill a half-hour or so very pleasantly4 ,when a musicale is given1 it is usually in honor of some favorite amateur1 a pianist1 singer or reader4 ,under such conditions the invitation cards should be a little more explicit1 and may state 8,music at #d10 or whatever the feature of the reception or sociable may be4 ,tea is served in the same room1 when the guests are few1 and in another room if the reception be crowded4 ,usually a single table is set1 with coffee or chocolate at one end1 and tea at the other1 served by young ladies4 ,to be invited to preside at the coffee-urn1 or tea-kettle1 is accounted a high compliment4 ,the refreshments may be very thin slices of bread and butter1 or wafers1 or similar trifles2 but if the occasion approaches the nature of a formal reception a more elaborate preparation is made1 and bouillon1 oysters1 salads1 ice-cream and cakes1 delicate rolls and bonbons may be offered4 ,,luncheons4 ,these are not as popular here as abroad1 and the informal lunch is not yet fully appreciated in this country4 ,in rural districts it is called early dinner1 or ladies' dinner2 in the city1 when the gentlemen are all down town1 it becomes the elaborate ladies' lunch4 ,the invitations to luncheon are similar to those of a tea or reception1 but the affair itself is even less formal4 ,all the dishes should be light4 ,broiled fish1 broiled chicken1 broiled ham1 broiled steaks and chops1 are always satisfactory4 ,the house-keeper living near the sea has an ample store to choose from4 ,the fresh fish1 the roast clams1 etc41 take the place of the deviled kidneys and broiled bones of the winter2 but every housewife should study the markets of her neighborhood4 ,,the ,,kettle-,,drum4 ,this is simply a reception under another name1 which is given to signify that the entertainment is not so pretentious as a formal reception4 ,the name 8kettle-drum0 signifies to a metropolitan resident1 a light entertainment1 with demi-toilette for both ladies and gentlemen4 ,sometimes a tiny drum is beaten at intervals in the vicinity of the tea-table1 where a lady of the household or a friend presides4 ,sometimes a young lady1 costumed prettily as a vivandiere sits or stands by the tea-urn as its presiding genius2 but these picturesque additions to an ordinary afternoon reception are not to be considered in the light of customs1 but simply as pretty caprices1 calculated to give vivacity to the entertainment1 which any lady may adopt4 ,not a few leaders in society choose the 8kettle-drum0 because they dislike general gatherings1 or are too absorbed to assist in entertaining evening guests4 ,it is simply an 8at home0 in the daytime1 or a social matine4 8,,high ,,teas40 ,the 8,high ,tea10 as its name indicates1 is a more formal and pretentious entertainment than the ordinary afternoon tea4 ,special cards are engraved1 and if any special entertainment is provided1 the fact may be indicated by the words1 8,music10 or 8,miscellaneous ,program0 7when readings and music are interspersed74 ,or1 the announcement may be omitted1 and the program furnish a pleasant surprise for the guests4 ,the card for a 8musicale0 or similar occasion1 is simply engraved3 ,,mrs4 ,,john ,,jerolomon ,,at ,,home ,friday1 ,october #aa1 from four to seven o'clock4 #abfi ,seventeenth ,street4 ,for a party or reception given in honor of another1 the invitations should be engraved with a blank space left for the name of the invited guest2 or1 the form may be filled out1 and the name of the guest appear on the envelope only4 ,it may read3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,andrew ,,wylie request the pleasure of 444444444444444444444444444444444's company on ,tuesday evening1 ,june sixth1 at nine o'clock1 to meet ,,hon4 ,w4 ,w4 ,,brace4 ,r4 ,s4 ,v4 ,p4 #fd ,lark ,street4 or1 the wording may be 8request the pleasure of your company10 etc4 ,the same form of invitation can be adapted to almost any reception1 party or other social entertainment1 with such variations as suit the circumstances4 ,if a series of receptions are to be given1 the lower line on the left of the card may be simply3 ,wednesdays in ,december1 from three to seven o'clock4 ,,dancing4 ,there is no phase of social life that contains so much of hidden peril as that which relates to dancing4 ,of itself1 there is nothing sinful in dancing2 but its associations and temptations1 and the tendencies of modern dancing to frivolity1 unhealthful dissipation and immorality are so obvious as to need no enumeration here4 ,it is a positive detriment to the spiritual growth of young men and women1 and is prolific of promiscuous acquaintanceships that cannot be claimed to be safe or desirable for any young person having a serious object in life4 ,the ball-room has to many thousands proved the first step to perdition4 ,of dancing1 the ,rev4 ,dr4 ,talmage has said3 8,it is the graceful motion of the body adjusted by art to the sound and measures of musical instrument or of the human voice4 ,all nations have danced4 ,the ancients thought that ,castor and ,pollux taught the art to the ,lacedmonians4 ,but whoever started it1 all climes have adopted it4 ,in ancient times they had the festal dance1 the military dance1 the mediatorial dance1 the bacchanalian dance1 and queens and lords swayed to and fro in the gardens1 and the rough backwoodsman with this exercise awakened the echo of the forest4 ,there is something in the sound of lively music to evoke the movement of the hand and foot1 whether cultured or uncultured4 ,passing down the street we unconsciously keep step to the sound of the brass band1 while the ,christian in church with his foot beats time while his soul rises upon some great harmony4 ,while this is so in civilized lands1 the red men of the forest have their scalp dances1 their green-corn dances1 their war dances4 8,the exercise was so utterly and completely depraved in ancient times that the church anathematized it4 ,the old ,christian fathers expressed themselves most vehemently against it4 ,st4 ,chrysostom says3 #8,the feet were not given for dancing but to walk modestly1 not to leap impudently like camels4' ,one of the dogmas of the ancient church reads3 #8,a dance is the devil's possession1 and he that entereth into a dance entereth into his possession4 ,as many paces as a man makes in dancing1 so many paces does he make to hell4' ,elsewhere the old dogmas declared this3 #8,the woman that singeth in the dance is the princess of the devil1 and those that answer are her clerks1 and the beholders are his friends1 and the music is his bellows1 and the fiddlers are the ministers of the devil4 ,for as when hogs are strayed1 if the hogsherd call one all assemble together1 so when the devil calleth one woman to sing in the dance1 or to play on some musical instrument1 presently all the dancers gather together4' ,this indiscriminate and universal denunciation of the exercise came from the fact that it was utterly and completely depraved4 8,how many people in ,america have stepped from the ball-room into the graveyard6 ,consumptions and swift neuralgias are close on their track4 ,amid many of the glittering scenes of social life in ,america diseases stand right and left and balance and chain4 ,the breath of the sepulchre floats up through the perfume1 and the froth of ,death's lip bubbles up in the champagne4 8,it is the anniversary of ,herod's birthday4 ,the palace is lighted4 ,the highways leading thereto are all ablaze with the pomp of invited guests4 ,lords1 captains1 merchant princes1 the mighty men of the land1 are coming to mingle in the festivities4 ,the table is spread with all the luxuries that royal purveyors can gather4 ,the guests1 white-robed and anointed and perfumed1 come in and sit at the table4 ,music6 ,the jests evoke roars of laughter4 ,riddles are propounded4 ,repartee is indulged4 ,toasts are drank4 ,the brain is befogged4 ,the wit rolls on into uproar and blasphemy4 ,they are not satisfied yet4 ,turn on more light4 ,pour out more wine4 ,music6 ,sound all the trumpets4 ,clear the floor for a dance4 ,bring in ,salome1 the beautiful and accomplished princess4 ,the door opens1 and in bounds the dancer4 ,the lords are enchanted4 ,stand back and make room for the brilliant gyrations4 ,these men never saw such #8poetry of motion4' ,their souls whirl in the reel and bound with the bounding feet4 ,herod forgets crown and throne and everything but the fascinations of ,salome4 ,all the magnificence of his realm is as nothing now compared with the splendor that whirls on tiptoe before him4 ,his body sways from side to side1 corresponding with the motions of the enchantress4 ,his soul is thrilled with the pulsations of the feet and bewitched with the taking postures and attitudes more and more amazing4 ,after awhile he sits in enchanted silence looking at the flashing1 leaping1 bounding beauty1 and as the dance closes and the tinkling cymbals cease to clap and the thunders of applause that shook the palace begin to abate1 the enchanted monarch swears to the princely performer3 #8,whatsoever thou shalt ask of me ,i will give it thee1 to the half of my kingdom4' ,at the instigation of her mother1 ,salome takes advantage of the extravagant promise of the king and says1 #8,bring me the head of ,john the ,baptist on a dinner plate4' ,hark to the sound of feet outside the door and the clatter of swords4 ,the executioners are returning from their awful errand4 ,open the door4 ,they enter1 and they present the platter to ,salome4 ,what is on this platter8 ,a new glass of wine to continue the uproarious merriment8 ,no4 ,something redder and costlier--the ghastly1 bleeding head of ,john the ,baptist1 the death glare still in the eye1 the locks dabbled with the gore1 the features still distressed with the last agony4 ,this woman1 who had whirled so gracefully in the dance1 bends over the awful burden without a shudder4 8,in my parish of ,philadelphia there was a young woman brilliant as a spring morning4 ,she gave her life to the world4 ,she would come to religious meetings and under conviction would for a little while begin to pray1 and then would rush off again into the discipleship of the world4 ,she had all the world could offer of brilliant social position4 ,one day a flushed and excited messenger asked me to hasten to her house for she was dying4 ,i entered the room4 ,there were the physicians1 there was the mother1 there lay this disciple of the world4 ,i asked her some questions in regard to the soul4 ,she made no answer4 ,i knelt down to pray4 ,i rose again1 and desiring to get some expression in regard to her eternal interests1 ,i said3 #8,have you any hope8' and then for the first her lips moved in a whisper as she said3 #8,no hope6' ,then she died4 ,the world1 she served it1 and the world helped her not in the last4 8,with many life is a masquerade ball1 and as at such entertainments gentlemen and ladies put on the garb of kings and queens or mountebanks or clowns and at the close put off the disguise1 so a great many pass their whole life in a mask1 taking off the mask at death4 ,while the masquerade ball of life goes on1 they trip merrily over the floor1 gemmed hand is stretched to gemmed hand1 gleaming brow bends to gleaming brow4 ,on with the dance6 ,flush and rustle and laughter of immeasurable merry-making4 ,but after awhile the languor of death comes on the limbs and blurs the eye-sight4 ,lights lower4 ,floor hollow with sepulchral echo4 ,music saddened into a wail4 ,lights lower4 ,now the maskers are only seen in the dim light4 ,now the fragrance of the flowers is like the sickening odor that comes from garlands that have lain long in the vaults of cemeteries4 ,lights lower4 ,mists gather in the room4 ,glasses shake as though quaked by sullen thunder4 ,sigh caught in the curtain4 ,scarf drops from the shoulder of beauty a shroud4 ,lights lower4 ,over the slippery boards in dance of death glide jealousies1 envies1 revenges1 lust1 despair1 and death4 ,stench of lamp-wicks almost extinguished4 ,torn garlands will not half cover the ulcerated feet4 ,choking damps4 ,chilliness4 ,feet still4 ,hands closed4 ,voices hushed4 ,eyes shut4 ,lights out40 ,the dance must be classed with the wine-cup as the insidious enemy of a pure1 upright1 wholesome society4 ,pleasant and fascinating at first1 it lures its victims to sacrifice after sacrifice until the end is reached4 ,no man or woman was ever benefited morally1 intellectually or physically by the dance2 thousands and tens of thousands have found it their bane1 and date their ruin from the first step they danced to the music across the floor of a lighted ball-room4 ,,wedding ,,etiquette4 ,invitations4 ,socially considered1 marriage is the most important and imposing of all functions4 ,it gives opportunity for the greatest display1 the most elegant toilets1 and the most lavish and superb manner of entertainment4 ,yet singularly enough1 the etiquette of weddings is probably more variable and subject to innovation than that of any other event in the social calendar4 ,at no two grand weddings is the etiquette precisely the same4 ,wedding invitations according to present custom are consigned to the post from two to three weeks preceding the date of the event4 ,those sent to friends and relatives abroad are sent quite three weeks earlier4 ,a representative invitation is given below3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,charles ,f4 ,,browne request the honor of your presence at the marriage of their daughter1 ,,eva ,,madge1 to ,,mr4 ,,samuel ,,martin ,,hope1 on ,wednesday1 ,june the twenty-first1 at twelve o'clock1 in ,the ,church of the ,pilgrims4 ,this is engraved in round-hand script1 without flourish and with little shading1 and a tendency toward the medium and the small in size4 ,the lines are rather close together1 allowing considerable margin at top and bottom of the note4 ,the paper most preferred has a white dull kid and parchment finish1 in size between octavo and billet4 ,when folded it fits an envelope that is almost square and which offers a choice of either a pointed or square flap4 ,in town the pointed flap is considered the proper thing while the country favors the square one4 ,the envelope inclosing the note is without gum and of the same weight as the inclosure1 while the outer one1 intended as a carrier only1 is of lighter quality and gummed for sealing4 ,wedding invitations require no answer4 ,but people living at a distance1 who cannot attend the wedding1 should send their cards by mail1 to assure the hosts that the invitation has been received4 ,the usual form of invitation for a wedding reception is as follows3 ,at ,home ,after the ,ceremony1 #g ,east ,market ,street-- ,this is enclosed1 with the cards of the young bride and of her intended husband1 to the favored ones only4 ,people with a large acquaintance cannot always invite all their friends to a wedding reception1 and therefore invite all to the church4 ,sometimes people who are to give a small wedding at home request an answer to the wedding invitation2 in that case1 of course1 an answer should be sent1 and people should be very careful not to ignore these flattering invitations4 ,any carelessness is inexcusable when so important an event is in view4 ,bridesmaids1 if prevented by illness or sudden bereavement from officiating1 should notify the bride as soon as possible1 as it is a difficult thing after a bridal program is arranged to reorganize it4 ,,church ,,weddings4 ,we have gradually adopted feature by feature of the ,english style of wedding in ,america until to-day the general order followed in both countries may be said1 in all essential particulars1 to be identical4 ,the bridegroom is dressed in a frock-coat and light trousers of any good pattern2 in other words1 he wears a formal morning dress1 drives to the church with his best man1 and awaits the arrival of the bride in the vestry-room4 ,he may wear gloves or not as he chooses4 ,the best man is the intimate friend1 sometimes the brother1 of the groom4 ,he accompanies him to the church1 follows him to the altar1 stands at his right hand a little behind him1 and holds his hat during the marriage-service4 ,after that is ended he pays the minister's fee1 accompanies the bridal party home1 being in a coup by himself1 and assists the ushers to introduce friends to the newly wedded pair4 ,the bridegroom is allowed to make what presents he pleases to the bride1 and to send some gift1 such as a fan1 locket1 ring or bouquet1 to the bridesmaids2 he also buys the wedding-ring1 and1 of course1 sends a bouquet to the bride2 but he is not to furnish cards or carriages or the wedding breakfast2 that is done by the bride's family4 ,in ,england the groom is expected to drive the bride away in his own carriage1 but in ,america this custom is not often followed4 ,the bride1 beautifully dressed usually in white satin1 with point lace veil and orange blossoms1 is driven to the church in a carriage with her father1 who gives her away4 ,her mother and other relatives precede her and take front seats2 her bridesmaids should also precede her1 and await her in the chancel4 ,the ushers then form the procession with which almost all city weddings are begun4 ,the ushers first1 two and two2 then the bridesmaids1 two and two2 then some pretty children--bridesmaids under ten2 and then the bride1 leaning on her father's right arm4 ,sometimes the child bridesmaids precede the others4 ,as the procession reaches the lowest altar step the ushers break ranks and go to the right and left and the bridesmaids also go to right and left1 leaving a space for the bridal pair4 ,as the bride reaches the lowest step the bridegroom advances1 takes her by the right hand1 and conducts her to the altar1 where both kneel4 ,the clergyman signifies to them when to rise1 and then proceeds with the ceremony4 ,the bridal pair walk down the aisle arm-in-arm1 and are conducted to the carriage and driven home1 the rest following4 ,in some cases1 a bridal register is signed in the vestry4 ,formerly brides removed the whole of the left glove2 now they neatly cut the finger out of the glove1 so that they can remove that without pulling off the whole glove for the ring4 ,in a marriage at home1 the bridesmaids and best man are usually dispensed with4 ,the clergyman enters and faces the company1 the bridal pair follow and face him4 ,after the ceremony the clergyman retires1 and the wedded pair receive congratulations4 ,,wedding ,,breakfasts4 ,the ,english fashion of a wedding breakfast is not common here yet1 but it is well to describe the proper etiquette4 ,the gentlemen and ladies invited should be notified a fortnight in advance1 and should accept or decline immediately1 as it has all the formality of a dinner4 ,on arriving at the house the gentlemen leave their hats in the hall1 but ladies do not remove their bonnets4 ,after greeting the bride and groom and the father and mother1 the company talk together until breakfast is announced4 ,then the bride and groom go first1 followed by bride's father with groom's mother1 then groom's father with bride's mother1 then best man with first bridesmaid1 then bridesmaids with attendant gentlemen1 and then the other invited guests1 as the bride's mother arranges4 ,coffee and tea are not usually offered1 but bouillon1 salads1 birds1 oysters1 and other hot and cold dishes1 ices1 jellies1 etc41 are served at this breakfast1 and finally the wedding-cake is set before the bride1 who cuts a slice4 8,stand-up0 breakfasts are far more commonly served1 as the ,french say1 en buffet4 ,more guests can come and it is far less trouble to serve a collation to a number of people standing about than to furnish what is really a dinner to a number sitting down4 ,,home ,,weddings ,,and ,,private ,,weddings4 ,if the marriage is to be solemnized at home1 the date follows the names in succession1 and the place of residence is given last4 ,the invitation may vary1 8the wedding reception of their daughter10 etc4 ,or1 accompanying the church wedding invitation may be a square card bearing the lines3 8,reception from half-past seven until nine o'clock10 with place of residence on the line below4 ,if the ceremony is private1 the immediate family and chosen friends are invited verbally4 ,it is then optional whether or not a formal announcement shall be made to a wider circle of friends by sending out engraved cards the day after the ceremony4 ,these are1 like the invitations1 printed on note sheets4 ,the private wedding and after announcement is often the most suitable method when a bride is comparatively alone in the world1 or has no near relatives4 ,in such a case the announcement is worded3 8,mr4 ,walter ,edward ,brown and ,miss ,anna ,childers ,wilson married2 ,wednesday1 ,october twentieth1 #fai ,grace ,st40 ,if no other place is given this is understood to be the place where to address cards of congratulation4 ,if the young couple are to receive later1 in a new home1 that address1 with date of the 8at home10 is also given1 thus1 8,at home1 after ,november fifteenth1 #fdag ,ocean ,ave40 ,if the change of residence is to another town1 the name of the town is also given4 ,,wedding ,,gifts ,,and ,,other ,,gifts4 ,there are probably few matters that are the occasion of more troublesome study and vexation of spirit than the selection of wedding presents4 ,they should in all cases be chosen with due reference to the circumstances of the bride4 ,for the daughter of wealthy parents1 who marries a man of large means1 rare and costly articles are suitable wedding gifts4 ,for a bride who is going to housekeeping on a moderate income1 articles that are useful as well as beautiful are appropriate4 ,a handsome chair1 a china cabinet1 or some china to put in it1 a few standard books1 fine table linen1 or one of the many other things within the range of house-furnishing are acceptable4 ,presents devised and made by the ingenuity and labor of the giver--hand-painted screens or china1 embroidered work1 or a painting or etching--are specially complimentary gifts4 ,a man should not make valuable presents to a lady outside of his own family1 unless she is very much his senior1 and a friend of long standing4 ,a lady should not accept valuable gifts from a gentleman unless his relationship to her warrants it4 ,trifling tokens of friendship or gallantry--a book1 a bouquet1 or a basket of bonbons--are not amiss2 but a lady should not be under obligation to a man for presents that plainly represent a considerable money value4 ,when a gift is accepted1 the recipient should not make too obvious haste to return the compliment1 lest he or she seem unwilling to rest under obligation4 ,to refuse all trifling favors is regarded as rudeness4 ,it is often the greatest wisdom as well as kindness1 to allow some one to do us a favor4 ,when some well-meaning person innocently offers a gift that strict conventionality would forbid one to accept1 it is sometimes better to suspend the rules and accept the token1 than to hurt the feelings by refusal4 ,gifts of flowers to the convalescent are among the graceful expressions of courteous interest4 ,even a total stranger may send these1 without offending4 ,wedding gifts may be sent at any time within two months before the wedding4 ,all who send gifts should be asked to the wedding and reception4 ,,wedding ,,anniversaries4 ,it is becoming more and more the custom1 both in town and country1 to celebrate wedding anniversaries4 ,these occasions1 however1 with a few exceptions1 are usually confined to the exchange of gifts and expression of good-will by members of the immediate family4 ,but when a number of years have passed1 a married pair1 whose wedded lives have been harmonious1 begin to look forward to the approach of an anniversary which can be celebrated by a much wider circle4 ,the marriage anniversary which falls after five years is sometimes called 8a wooden wedding20 after ten years1 8tin20 after twenty1 8crystal20 at twenty-five1 8silver20 at fifty1 a 8golden anniversary20 and at seventy-five the 8diamond wedding0 occurs4 ,so general has been the custom1 in the past1 of making these anniversaries occasions for the making of gifts of all descriptions that self-respecting families have at last drawn the line at this practice and engraved upon their anniversary invitation cards3 8,no gifts received40 ,still some old friends will take the liberty sometimes of disregarding the engraved injunction1 just as such valued individuals indulge themselves in familiarities with the rules that usually govern one's private social affairs4 ,but if remoter relatives or mere society acquaintances send a gift other than flowers or a book1 after being requested to restrict their generosity1 they need not be surprised if the act be considered an impertinence1 and resented accordingly4 ,the prevailing style of cards of invitation to an anniversary party or reception is the same as to any ordinary entertainment4 ,a wedding-bell1 or a horse-shoe of white flowers1 with the date of the marriage wrought into it with colored blossoms1 or a bride's loaf dated in sugar and placed upon a separate table1 informs the guests of the reason for rejoicing4 ,here is the correct form of invitation card for such occasions3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,alexander ,j4 ,,marshall request the pleasure of your presence on ,tuesday evening1 ,january eleventh1 at eight o'clock1 to celebrate the twenty-fifth anniversary of their marriage4 ,no4 #dg ,rylance ,street4 ,no gifts received4 ,it is customary for the host and hostess to secure as many guests as possible from among those who were present at their wedding4 ,the clergyman who performed the ceremony is bidden1 and1 if possible1 the wedding-garments are again worn4 ,other interesting formalities are added1 making the occasion impressive1 without being oppressive4 ,near kinspeople offer congratulations first1 when other guests follow after the manner of a wedding reception4 ,when a formal supper is provided1 the host and hostess lead together upon this peculiar occasion1 and the guests follow in convenient order1 as at an ordinary party4 ,the supper may be in buffet style1 if preferred4 ,,notes ,,about ,,weddings4 ,when a honeymoon follows1 the old customs are still maintained4 ,the father1 mother and intimate friends kiss the bride1 and1 as the happy pair drive off1 a shower of satin slippers and rice follows them4 ,if one slipper alights on the top of the carriage1 luck is assured to them forever4 ,many brides nowadays prefer to be married in traveling dress and hat1 and leave immediately without congratulations4 ,wedding-cake is no longer sent about4 ,it is neatly packed in boxes2 each guest takes one1 if she likes1 on leaving the house4 ,wedding-favors of white ribbon and artificial flowers are used in ,england1 but not to any great extent in ,america4 ,here the groom wears a boutonnire of natural flowers4 ,a widow should never be accompanied by bridesmaids1 or wear a veil or orange-blossoms4 ,she should wear a colored silk and a bonnet1 and be attended by her father1 brother or some near friend4 ,it is proper for her to remove her first wedding-ring1 as the wearing of that cannot but be painful to the bridegroom4 ,if married at home1 she may wear a light silk and be bonnetless4 ,it is an exploded idea that of allowing every one to kiss the bride4 ,only near relatives have this privilege4 ,wedding tours are no longer considered obligatory nor is the seclusion of the honeymoon demanded by fashionable society4 ,,new ,,year',s ,,day ,,calls4 ,the old-time habit of serving wines and liquors at these gatherings has1 happily1 almost died out1 in good society4 ,those who entertain elaborately upon ,new ,year's ,day sometimes send out cards of invitation in the name of the hostess4 ,they are handsomely engraved1 and enclosed in a single envelope4 ,if a daughter or daughters receive with her1 8,miss ,blank or ,misses ,blank0 is engraved beneath her own name4 ,if other ladies than her daughters also receive with her1 their visiting-card may be enclosed in the same envelope with the hostess' invitation4 ,should the lady-guest invite her own personal friends to meet her at the residence of her hostess for this day1 she writes the number of her residence where she is to receive on ,new ,year's upon her own card1 adding the receiving hours in ink1 and she incloses the visiting-card of her hostess4 ,the invitation of the hostess is engraved in the following form3 ,,mrs4 ,,wilmer ,,ralston ,,at ,,home1 ,january first1 from one until ten o'clock4 ,no4 #fgi ,little ,silver ,street4 ,all the ladies are in full toilets1 and the house is lighted as if it were evening4 ,a table is spread1 as if for an ordinary reception or party1 in the back parlor or dining-room4 ,a servant opens the street-door and the gentlemen leave their cards in the hall4 ,they enter the drawing-room with hat in hand1 or they may leave it in the hall with overcoat and cane4 ,ladies in full costume require the atmosphere of their drawing-rooms to be kept comfortably warm4 ,they rise to receive their guests4 ,the hostess offers her hand to the guest when he enters1 and1 after an exchange of compliments he is presented to her lady friends4 ,after partaking of refreshments1 which consist of oysters1 tea1 coffee1 chocolate1 bouillon or lemonade1 with cake and cold meats1 boned turkey1 etc41 he may retire soon from the house without interrupting his hostess1 provided she be occupied with later visitors4 ,he need only bow to each lady as he passes out4 ,ladies who receive ,new ,year's callers less formally may write 8,january #a0 upon their visiting-cards and send them to such of their gentlemen acquaintances as they may like to see4 ,they need not provide an elaborate repast4 ,they may wear a visiting costume with light gloves1 but they need not turn on the gas1 because informal receptions are held in daylight4 ,if they do not mention upon their cards the hours for receiving1 it is etiquette for a gentleman to call at any time between twelve m4 and ten o'clock p4 m4 ,the formalities between hostess and guest are the same as if the reception were held in grand toilet4 ,gentlemen who cannot call enclose their visiting-cards in envelopes1 and send them by messengers on the morning of ,new ,year's1 or by mail the day before4 ,others drive from door to door and leave their cards1 the right-hand side folded over to signify that they delivered the card in person4 ,a gentleman leaves as many cards as there are ladies who are old enough to receive visitors4 ,gentlemen should wear a morning costume of dark coat and vest1 with lighter pantaloons1 when they pay ,new ,year's calls4 ,it is not uncommon to see dress-suits1 but they are never strictly correct until evening4 ,gloves1 while light in tint1 should never be white4 ,medium tints in scarfs and gloves are in taste upon these occasions4 ,,christenings ,,and ,,birthdays4 ,there are occasions when family and friendly reunions of the pleasantest character may be enjoyed4 ,christening ceremonials among our superior citizens are becoming more and more beautiful each year in ,new ,york4 ,the formality which is most in favor is the giving of a reception2 the hours are fixed from three or four o'clock until six p4 m4 ,it is equally proper to write the invitations1 or to order them engraved in script4 ,the engraved form is scarcely varied from the following3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,william ,,ashton request the honor of your presence at the ,christening ,ceremony of their son or daughter at five o'clock1 ,thursday1 ,december sixth4 ,reception from four to six o'clock4 ,no4 #afbd ,w4 ,eleventh ,street4 ,this card calls for an early response4 ,at these parties1 flowers ornament the house tastefully4 ,the guests all arrive in reception or visiting toilets1 before five o'clock1 and meet the host and hostess just as they would at any reception4 ,there may be a band of music1 or a pianist and a quartette of singers1 to entertain the guests4 ,sometimes professional musicians are employed4 ,a temporary font is arranged in a prominent place in the room1 and on a small round table is placed a silver goblet or bowl1 or one of crystal4 ,the edge of the pedestal is often hung with trailing flowers4 ,the child is brought to the parents1 who stand by the font1 and the sponsors join them4 ,if it be a girl1 its selected guardians are usually two young ladies1 who are dressed in white and who arrange themselves one at each side of the father and mother1 and a hymn or chant is sung4 ,the clergyman performs the rite according to the formalities of his own established church2 more music follows1 and then a benediction4 ,directly after this1 congratulations are offered to the father and mother1 and the child is admired and shortly afterward removed4 ,refreshments are offered as at any afternoon entertainment4 ,children's birthdays are celebrated more and more after the customs of ,europeans4 ,a little feast is made for the child1 to which its companions are invited1 but the invitations seldom extend beyond a number that may be seated at table4 ,the feast is dainty but not rich1 and with a pretty cake in which may be placed as many toy wax-candles as there are years in the age of the young host4 ,they are already lighted when the young people enter the room4 ,plays follow the supper4 ,guests are not expected to make presents4 ,among the elders of a family the yearly return of the birthday is seldom celebrated except by his or her own kinspeople4 ,the twenty-first birthday of a young man is often made an occasion for a dinner1 or a party1 but a lady's age is not thus publicly celebrated4 ,when the lady or gentleman becomes very old1 delightful attentions are often bestowed upon them by their young friends1 and by the companions of their youth4 ,flowers1 letters of congratulation1 cards of inquiry and respect1 gifts that will interest1 breakfast or dinner parties1 and receptions1 are considered proper for such celebrations4 ,,mourning ,,etiquette4 ,death comes to all alike and custom has long established a conventional observance in dealing with the presence of death1 in our own homes or elsewhere4 ,in our own country black is worn as the typical attire of sorrow1 and it has come to be regarded as a token of respect to the lost one4 ,it is now decreed that crape shall only be worn six months1 even for the nearest relative1 and that the duration of mourning shall not exceed a year4 ,a wife's mourning for her husband is the most conventionally deep mourning allowed4 ,bombazine and crape1 a widow's cap1 and a long1 thick veil--such is the modern ,english idea4 ,some widows even have the cap made of black crpe lisse1 but it is generally of white4 ,in this country a widow's first mourning dresses are covered almost entirely with crape4 ,there are now1 however1 other and pleasanter fabrics which also bear the dead black1 lustreless look which is alone considered respectful to the dead1 and which are not so costly as crape or so disagreeable to wear4 ,the ,henrietta cloth and imperial serges are chosen for heavy winter dresses1 while for those of less weight are tamise cloth1 ,bayonnaise1 grenadine1 nuns' veiling1 and the ,american silk4 ,mourning is expensive1 and often costs a family more than they can well afford2 but it is a sacrifice that all gladly make4 ,many consider it an act of disrespect to the memory of the dead if the living are not clad in gloomy black4 ,widows wear deep mourning1 consisting of woolen stuffs and crape1 for about two years1 and sometimes by choice for life4 ,children wear the same for parents for one year1 and then lighten it with black silk1 trimmed with crape4 ,half mourning gradations of gray1 purple1 or lilac have been abandoned1 and1 instead1 combinations of black and white are used4 ,complimentary mourning is black silk without crape4 ,the ,french have three grades of mourning--deep1 ordinary1 and half mourning4 ,in deep mourning1 woolen cloths only are worn2 in ordinary mourning1 silk and woolen2 in half mourning1 gray and violet4 ,in ,france1 etiquette prescribes mourning for a husband--six months of deep mourning1 six of ordinary1 and six weeks of half mourning4 ,for a wife1 a father1 or a mother1 six months--three deep and three half mourning2 for a grandparent1 two months and a half of slight mourning2 for a brother or a sister1 two months1 one of which is in deep mourning2 for an uncle or an aunt1 three weeks of ordinary black4 ,here1 ladies have been known to go into deepest mourning for their own relatives or those of their husbands1 or for people1 perhaps1 whom they have never seen1 and have remained for seven or ten years1 constantly in black2 then1 on losing a child or a relative dearly loved1 they have no extremity of dress left to express the real grief4 ,complimentary mourning should be limited to two or three weeks4 ,the duration of a mourner's retirement from the world has been much shortened of late4 ,for one year no formal visiting is undertaken1 nor any gayety4 ,black is often worn for a husband or wife two years1 for parents one year1 and for brothers and sisters one year2 a heavy black is lightened after that period4 ,ladies are beginning to wear a small black gauze veil over the face1 and are in the habit of throwing the heavy crape veil back over the hat4 ,it is also proper to wear a quiet black dress when going to a funeral1 although not absolutely necessary4 ,friends may call on the bereaved family within a month1 not expecting1 of course to see them4 ,kind notes expressing sympathy are welcome from intimate friends2 and flowers1 or any similar testimonial of sympathy1 are thoughtful and appropriate4 ,cards and note-paper are put in mourning1 but very broad borders of black are in bad taste4 ,a narrow border of black is correct4 ,the use of handkerchiefs with a two-inch square of white cambric and a four-inch border of black is to be deprecated4 ,mourning which soldiers1 sailors1 and courtiers wear is pathetic and effective4 ,a flag draped with crape1 a gray cadet-sleeve with a black band1 or a piece of crape about the left arm of a senator1 a black weed on a hat1 are in proper taste4 ,for light mourning1 jet is used on silk1 and makes a handsome dress4 ,elegant dresses are made with jet embroidery on soft ,french crape1 but lace is never 8mourning40 ,during half mourning1 however1 black lace may be worn on white silk2 but this is questionable4 ,diamond ornaments set in black enamel are allowed even in the deepest mourning1 and also pearls set in black4 ,gold is never worn in mourning4 ,the ,swedish kid glove is now much more in use for mourning1 and the silk glove is made with such neatness and with such a number of buttons that it is equally stylish1 and much cooler and more agreeable4 ,mourning bonnets are worn rather larger than ordinary bonnets4 ,people of sense1 of course1 manage to dress without going to extremities in either direction4 ,exaggeration is to be deprecated in mourning as in everything4 ,the discarding of mourning should be effected by slow stages4 ,it shocks persons of good taste to see a widow change into colors hurriedly4 ,if black is to be dispensed with1 let its retirement be slowly and gracefully marked by quiet costumes1 as the grief1 yielding to time1 is giving way to resignation and cheerfulness4 ,before a funeral the ladies of a family see no one but the most intimate friends4 ,the gentlemen1 of course1 see the clergyman and officials who manage the ceremony4 ,it is now the almost universal practice to carry the remains to a church1 where the friends of the family can pay the last tribute of respect without crowding into a private house4 ,pall-bearers are invited by note1 and assemble at the house4 ,they1 accompanying the remains1 after the ceremonies at the church1 to their final resting-place4 ,the nearest lady friends seldom go to the church or to the grave4 ,this is1 however1 entirely a matter of feeling1 and they can go if they wish4 ,after the funeral only the members of the family return to the house4 ,it is not expected that a bereaved wife or mother will see any one other than the members of her family for several weeks4 ,all the preparations for a funeral in the house are committed to the care of an undertaker1 who removes the furniture from the drawing-room1 filling all the space possible with camp-stools4 ,the clergyman reads the service at the head of the coffin1 the relatives being grouped around4 ,the body1 if not disfigured by disease1 is often dressed in the clothes worn in life1 and laid in an open casket1 as if reposing on a sofa1 and all friends are asked to take a last look4 ,the body of a man is usually dressed in black4 ,the custom of decorating the coffin with flowers is beautiful1 but has been overdone1 and now the request is frequently made that no flowers be sent4 ,no one in mourning for a parent1 child1 brother1 or husband1 is expected to be seen at a concert1 a dinner1 a party1 or at any other place of public amusement1 before three months have passed4 ,after that one may be seen at a concert4 ,but to go to the opera1 or a dinner1 or a party1 before six months have elapsed1 is considered heartless and disrespectful4 ,if one choose1 as some do1 to wear no mourning1 then he can go1 unchallenged1 to any place of amusement1 but if he put on mourning he must respect its etiquette4 ,a woman may wear mourning all her life if she choose1 but it is a question whether in so doing she does not injure the welfare and happiness of the living4 ,,the ,,etiquette ,,of ,,correspondence4 ,good or ill-breeding is no more marked in general deportment than in the writing of notes and letters4 ,a gracefully and courteously worded note is always pleasantly received4 ,very long letters are now rendered unnecessary by the increase of mail and telegraphic facilities1 but the writing of notes has correspondingly increased2 and the last few years have seen a profuse introduction of crests1 ciphers1 designs1 and monograms in the corners of ordinary note-paper4 ,the use of sealing-wax has almost been abandoned1 although it is still the only elegant1 formal1 and ceremonious way acknowledged in ,england1 of sealing a letter4 ,colored note-paper fell into disuse long ago1 and for the last few years we have not seen the heavy tints4 ,pale greens1 grays1 blues1 and lilacs have found a place in fashionable stationery1 but now no color that is appreciable is considered stylish1 unless it be cru1 a creamy white4 ,fanciful emblazoned and colored monograms have been dropped2 the crest and cipher are laid aside1 and ladies have simply the address of their city residence1 or the name of their country place printed in one corner 7generally in color71 or1 a fac-simile of their initials1 engraved and set across the corner of the note-paper4 ,the day of the week1 also copied from their own handwriting1 is often impressed upon the square cards now so much in use for short notes1 or on the note-paper4 ,good1 plain1 thick1 ,english note-paper1 folded square1 put in a square envelope1 and sealed with red sealing-wax is always stylish in any part of the world4 ,the plan of having all the note-paper marked with the address is an excellent one4 ,it gives a stylish finish to the appearance of the note-paper1 is simple1 and useful4 ,the ink should be plain black ink1 which gives the written characters great distinctness4 ,every lady should study to acquire a free1 and educated hand2 a cramped1 poor1 slovenly1 unformed handwriting is sure to produce a poor impression upon the reader4 ,custom demands that we begin all notes in the first person1 with the formula of 8,my dear ,mrs4 ,brown10 and close with 8,yours1 cordially10 or 8,yours with much regard10 etc4 ,the laws of etiquette do not permit us to use numerals1 as #c1 #d1 #e1 but demand that we write out three1 four1 five4 ,no abbreviations are allowed in a note to a friend1 as1 8,s'd be glad to see you20 one must write out1 8,i should be glad to see you40 ,the date should follow the signing of the name4 ,a note in answer to an invitation should be written in the third person1 if the invitation be in the third person4 ,an acceptance of a dinner invitation must be written in this form3 ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,green have great pleasure in accepting the polite invitation of ,,mr4 ,,and ,,mrs4 ,,dinsmore for dinner1 on the seventeenth inst41 at seven o'clock4 #ah ,golden ,square4 ,july sixth4 ,above all things1 in letter writing1 spell correctly4 ,a word badly spelled stands out like a blot on a familiar or ceremonious note4 ,do not send a blurred1 blotted1 slovenly note to any one4 ,the fashion is not now1 as once1 imperative that a margin be left around the edge of the paper4 ,people now write all over the paper4 ,do not cross your letters3 such letters are a nuisance to all people who have not the keenest of eyes4 ,no letter or note should be written on ruled paper4 ,every person should learn to write without lines4 ,the square cards are much used1 and are quite large enough for the transmission of all that a lady ordinarily wishes to say in giving or accepting an invitation4 ,the day of the week and the address are often printed on the card4 ,square envelopes have also driven the long ones from the table of the elegant note-writer1 and the custom of closing all ceremonious notes with sealing-wax is still adhered to by the most fastidious4 ,dates and numerical designations1 such as the number of a house1 may be written in ,arabic figures1 but quantities should be expressed in words4 ,few abbreviations are respectful4 ,a married lady should always be addressed with the prefix of her husband's ,christian name4 ,in this country1 it is the custom to abbreviate everything except the title of 8,reverend10 which we always give to the clergy4 ,a properly written note honors the writer and the person to whom it is written1 while a careless one may injure both4 ,,behavior ,,in ,,church4 ,it may not be out of place to furnish a hint as to behavior in church4 ,there is1 of course1 such a thing as church etiquette1 although its code is rather implied than written4 ,as a preliminary1 it should be assumed that the right spirit has drawn the worshiper thither and that a reverent attention will be given to the service4 ,the following suggestion may be accepted as embodying the general view of church etiquette3 #a4 ,if possible1 be in time4 ,you need at least five minutes after coming to get warm or cool3 to compose your body and mind1 and to whisper a prayer before the service begins4 #b4 ,never pass up the aisle during prayer or ,scripture reading4 ,if you do1 your presence will distract the minds of many in the audience4 #c4 ,be devout in every attitude2 all whispering should be studiously avoided4 ,find the hymn and sing it if you can4 ,share the book with your neighbor4 ,if in a strange church1 conform to its customs4 #d4 ,if the sermon has begun1 take a seat near the door--no matter if you are 8at home40 #e4 ,be thoughtful for the comfort of others4 ,take the inside of the pew1 if you are the first to enter1 and leave all vacant space at the end next to the aisle4 #f4 ,speak a bright1 cheery word to as many as possible at the close of the service4 ,if you are a stranger1 ask one of the ushers to introduce you to the pastor1 or to some of the church officers4 ,this will always insure you a hearty welcome4 #g4 ,never put on your coat1 overshoes or wraps during the closing hymn1 and do not make a rush for the door immediately after the benediction is pronounced4 #h4 ,there should be no loud talking and jesting after the service is concluded4 ,they are as much out of place in the house of ,god as at a house of mourning4 ,,various ,,points ,,on ,,deportment4 ,,polite ,,terms ,,of ,,address4 ,not every one who is accustomed to most of the usages of good society1 is familiar with the approved forms of address1 even in the simplest matters4 ,a good authority writes3 ,say 8,thank you10 not 8,thanks0--a lazy and disrespectful abbreviation4 ,if you say 8,pardon me10 let your manner be appropriate to your words4 8,i beg your pardon0 is sometimes uttered in prefacing the expression of a contrary opinion1 and the insolence of the tone and manner give the words all the force of a contradiction4 ,in most phrases of compliment the words are nothing1 the manner everything4 ,so of adding 8,sir0 or 8,ma'am0 to 8,yes0 and 8,no40 8,yes1 sir10 8,no1 sir10 may be rude and defiant2 8,yes0 and 8,no0 may be polite and deferential4 ,there is a difference of opinion as to whether it is necessary1 or even proper1 for people of social equality to add sir or madam to these responses1 and especially as to whether children should be taught to do so4 ,it is a provincial custom1 but the best usage does not allow it4 ,children may be taught to say 8,yes0 and 8,no0 with a well-bred courtesy of tone and inflection to which the additional syllable 8,sir0 could give no additional grace4 ,it is an important point of training in etiquette to enforce the truth that the spirit of words and deeds is the essence of good manners1 or good anything1 in fact4 ,,faulty ,,social ,,training4 ,that society is bad whose members1 however tenacious they be of forms of etiquette and elaborate ceremonials1 have one code of manners for those whom they deem their equals1 and another for those whom they esteem to be of less importance to them by reason of age1 pecuniary condition1 or relative social influence1 writes ,mrs4 ,sherwood4 ,bad manners are apt to prove the concomitant of a mind and disposition that are none too good1 and the woman who slights and wounds people because they cannot minister to her ambitions1 challenges criticism of her own shortcomings4 ,a girl who is impertinent or careless in her demeanor to her mother or her mother's friends2 who talks slang2 who is careless in her bearing toward young men2 who accepts the attentions of a man of bad character or dissipated habits2 who is loud in dress or manner--such a girl must be classed as ill-bred and undesirable in good society4 ,so with a young man who is indifferent to his elders1 neglects to acknowledge invitations1 sits while a lady stands1 does not speak to his host2 who is selfish1 immoral and careless of his reputation4 ,no matter how rich1 or how agreeable to those he may wish to please1 he is to be avoided by a wise host or hostess4 ,if a young girl comes from a secluded circle1 and sees some handsome1 well dressed woman much courted1 and observes in her what seems to be insolent pretence1 unkindness1 frivolity1 and superciliousness1 let her inquire and wait before she accepts her acquaintance4 ,good society is the bringing together of the best men and women in a pleasant and proper way4 ,good breeding1 personal superiority1 beauty1 genius1 culture1 are all estimable things1 and every one likes a person of charming manners2 but the best society is that of those who have virtue and good manners combined4 ,,tactful ,,hostesses4 ,the capable hostess will give her instructions for the details of the entertainment so explicitly that on the arrival of the guests she need have no other care than their pleasure4 ,if she is nervous1 or shows constraint1 it affects the ease of her guests4 ,upon the demeanor of the hosts the success of the occasion largely depends4 ,much tact may be shown in placing the right people together at the table4 ,if one is a great talker let the other be a good listener2 if one is dogmatic let the other be without positive views1 and so on2 for every one is happiest when appearing well4 ,the guests1 too1 have their obligations1 and in recognition of the compliment of being invited where the number of guests is limited to very few1 each one should exert himself to be as agreeable as possible1 a dull dinner or tea companion being a misfortune4 ,at a dinner there is time1 not given at most other forms of entertainment1 for rational and sustained conversation1 and this may be turned to durance vile if one victimizes by his egotism or caprice the person who without power of withdrawal is assigned to his society for perhaps two hours or more4 ,also1 if one finds himself neighbor to some one he dislikes1 it must not be allowed to interfere with the general pleasure2 and should such a situation occur1 there is nothing to do but to make the best of it4 ,the discovery is sometimes made that an unfriendly person is more agreeable than was supposed1 and a pleasanter relationship results4 ,a ,,young ,,girl',s ,,social ,,life4 ,here is a pretty and instructive little sketch by ,ruth ,ashmore from her new book on 8,sidetalks with ,girls10 in which she pictures the 8,social ,life of a ,girl40 ,she writes3 ,you are just beginning to go out2 you are twenty years old1 and you would like1 as is perfectly natural1 not only to have the love of women1 but the genuine admiration of men4 ,the admiration of all men is not worth having4 ,you believe that you are pleasant to look at1 but when you meet strangers you are abashed1 the blood rushes to your face1 and you don't know what to say4 ,now a little bit of that is due to self-consciousness2 more of it to inexperience4 ,when a man is presented to you you need not expect to enter into an easy conversation with him1 as does the woman of forty1 but you can get your thoughts away from yourself and answer him as intelligently as possible4 ,make up your mind to be a little slow in your speech rather than to give a foolish answer1 and after you have resolved to do this you will not find it difficult to overcome that silly giggle so peculiar to young women1 and which is very often the result of great nervousness1 and an effort to speak quickly4 ,don't be too perfectly certain about things4 ,the positive girl who1 the very minute a stranger speaks to her1 gives him an answer which she announces is her opinion1 and which she permits no one else to doubt1 is quite as undesirable as the girl who is afraid to say anything4 ,i think you will be most successful socially if you are willing to learn1 and if you never permit yourself1 from false shame1 to tell an untruth and say you do know of things about which you are totally ignorant4 ,experience has taught most social leaders that men like to give information1 consequently when a stranger has been presented to you1 and after the first ordinary commonplaces1 asks1 8,did you meet the ,spanish ,princess80 answer yes or no1 as the truth may be1 and supplement this by another question1 8,did you8 ,and what did you think of her80 ,it is not difficult in this world to attract1 if one is young and pleasing to look upon4 ,it may be taken as a general rule that no woman can retain her friends who cannot control her temper4 ,what she thinks may be right1 but1 because it is so1 no excuse can be found for her going into a long1 quarrelsome argument1 raising her voice1 and making her hostess and all the other guests uncomfortable4 ,then people must know that1 socially1 a girl is to be relied upon2 that she is not going to bring the daily worries of her life into the social atmosphere1 but that she is certain to bring her mite of agreeableness to add to all the other mites until the perfection of enjoyment is achieved1 and the pleasant side of everybody is seen and enjoyed4 ,the woman who wishes to keep her friends must steer clear of vital subjects on which they may differ4 ,be pleasant and agreeable to all who may be in your own social world4 ,to retain one's friends one must also respect their social rights4 ,that girl shows wisdom1 who1 invited to a very elaborate affair and feeling that she cannot afford even a simple suitable dress1 refuses the invitation rather than mortify the hostess by being out of tune in the general harmony4 ,one has achieved a great wisdom when one has learned how to say 8no0 in the social world without giving offence4 ,so it should be with any games1 or any affair involving late hours1 or at which she would meet undesirable people4 ,the saying 8no0 is right1 but it must be said at the right time1 that is1 it must be said before the temptation arises and before you would be forced to appear as rude4 ,you cannot accept an invitation and refuse to meet your hostess' friends4 ,once there1 you are bound to be polite to them1 though afterward you need only recognize them very faintly1 and gradually the recognition may die away altogether4 ,a form of declination for those invitations which you are sure will place you either in disagreeable positions or among people whom you do not care to meet1 is this3 8,miss ,brown thanks ,mrs4 ,charles ,jones for the kind invitation for ,wednesday evening1 and regrets her inability to accept it40 ,at your own home have the parlor the prettiest and most comfortable room in the house1 but don't be alone there--have some of the members of the family with you4 ,arrange the parlor with a view of furnishing subjects for conversation4 ,have whatever illustrated magazines or papers you have in view1 or any photographs of celebrities2 have the piano open and the music on it4 ,,innocent ,,and ,,sinful ,,pleasures4 ,it is frequently asked3 8,what pleasures or recreations may a young man or woman share that are not objectionable40 ,there are a thousand innocent pleasures within easy reach of all4 ,pleasures may be classified as1 7#a7 ,recreative and helpful2 7#b7 ,harmless and enjoyable but neither helpful nor otherwise2 7#c7 ,injurious for various reasons and objectionable as being detrimental to spiritual growth and the development of the finer qualities in either sex4 ,to the latter category belong gambling of all sorts1 dancing1 theatre-going1 flirtations and frivolous companionship1 and all pleasures that merely 8kill time0 and induce a temporary excitement4 ,objectionable pleasures are never recreative--a term that implies healthful and upbuilding if not uplifting qualities4 ,the greatest tonic1 stimulant1 and equalizer1 writes ,lyman ,b4 ,sperry1 is genuine pleasure4 ,contentment1 satisfaction1 joy1 are remarkable for their beneficial influence on mind and body4 ,occupations that are inviting and pleasurable1 whether they be called work or play1 are helpful to human development1 longevity1 and efficiency4 ,diversion1 recreation1 pleasure1 are demanded as an antidote to our feelings of depression and fatigue1 a stimulant to our courage1 a basis for satisfaction with life4 ,all must have recreation and amusement in order to thrive well1 but in seeking them it is easy to find and to follow those which1 though apparently1 and perhaps temporarily healthful1 are finally destructive of things good and satisfying4 ,all amusements which leave a sting1 or feelings of surfeit or of regret1 are either essentially unhealthful 7and therefore unjustifiable71 or they are used in such a way as1 practically1 to make them injurious4 ,there are some so-called amusements which are inevitably bad1 and there are others which are bad only when they are intemperately pursued4 ,so much depends upon the time1 the manner1 the amount1 the associations1 the tendencies of various forms of activity called amusements1 that it is impossible to classify them rigidly as either commendable or objectionable4 ,all intelligent persons must admit that our lives should be conformed to ways that are helpful to advancement in all that is really and permanently good4 ,amusements should secure rest from irksome toil and conduce to real recuperation4 ,while they enable fatigued parts of the body to rest1 they should also bring into action other parts that need1 for the general good of the body1 as well as for their own good1 to be called into exercise4 ,genuine and healthful amusements stimulate mental emotion in such a way as to make one forget his burdens and sorrows1 they leave in the consciousness a sweet memory which spreads its perfume over and through the succeeding period of toil1 and even into the toil of one's neighbors4 ,there should be no doubt about the effects4 ,questionable amusements are usually injurious amusements4 ,some really commendable forms may be in bad repute simply because they are habitually in bad company1 or possibly because of mere prejudice4 ,each one should be intelligently examined as to its nature and influence1 and be accepted or rejected only after a fair judgment is passed upon it4 ,comparatively few persons lack opportunities for amusement1 and with many the great question is what not to do4 ,with so much to select from1 how shall we amuse ourselves8 ,the answer is1 ,in any way we please--provided1 first1 that we can afford it2 second1 that we find practically that it furnishes the rest and recuperation we need and that without leaving a residuum of regret or of lessened self-respect2 third1 that our indulgence does not interfere with the natural rights of others1 or prove a stumbling-block to them2 and fourth1 that it is not of such a fascinating nature as to induce us to consume an undue amount of time and energy4 ,it requires a goodly stock of intelligence and conscience to determine1 each for himself1 what amusements he shall seek1 and where1 when1 and how they shall be sought4 ,the man or the woman who1 at the social party or at the family fireside1 plays any kind of a game for stakes1 even though they may be trifling1 thereby kindles and fans a flame that in many cases becomes unquenchable4 ,the person thus tempted easily follows his impulses1 and rushes into anything that will either arouse or gratify the love of excitement4 ,the moral quality of most forms of amusement may be determined simply by their physical effects4 ,so intimately related are mind and body1 so influential is the conscience over physical processes1 that nothing which the conscience condemns can be healthful and recuperative4 ,and it is equally true that every form of physical excess or of dissipation1 inevitably leaves mental recoils and moral stings4 ,one of the best men of the day1 who has seen much of life and who has studied many of its problems1 says3 8,if an amusement sends you home at night nervous1 so that you cannot sleep1 and you rise up in the morning1 not because you are slept out1 but because your duties drag you from your slumbers1 you have been where you ought not to have been4 ,there are amusements that send a man1 next day1 to his work1 yawning1 stupid1 nauseated1 and with blood-shot eyes2 they are wrong amusements4 ,there are entertainments that give a man disgust with the drudgery of life2 with work-tools because they are not swords2 with working aprons because they are not princely robes2 with domestic cattle because they are not infuriated bulls of the arena4 ,if anything sends you home longing for a life of thrilling adventure1 for love that takes poison or shoots itself1 for moonlight adventures and hair-breadth escapes1 you may depend upon it you are the sacrificed victim of unsanctified pleasure4 ,our recreations are intended to build us up1 and if they pull us down1 as to our moral or as to our physical strength1 you may come to the conclusion that they are obnoxious40 ,wise people judge all so-called amusements by their actual fruits2 by their immediate and their remote influence on the body1 the mind1 and the soul4 ,it is the part of wisdom to cheerfully avoid all that prove to be dissipating to physical energy1 or degrading to moral character2 and the highest wisdom as clearly dictates that we cheerfully engage in those things which rest1 refresh1 and energize our ,god-given powers4 ,,treatment ,,of ,,servants4 ,there is no surer sign of ill breeding and ill feeling than the rude treatment of dependents4 ,the obligation of civility to servants should be inculcated especially upon the young ,american1 who ought to learn at the earliest period that the accidental relation of advantage of position1 which is ever alternating in a country free from prescriptive right1 gives no title to a haughty demeanor and a domineering conduct4 ,the recognition of the mutual obligation of master and man1 and mistress and maid1 is a certain sign of the true gentleman and lady1 who will never exact from those temporarily placed in subjection to them the civility they are unwilling to bestow4 ,the 8thank you10 8please10 and other courteous expressions of a kindly consideration of the obligation of the employer to the employed1 will be freely proffered by all who are fully conscious of their social duties and willing to acknowledge them4 ,policy1 as well as good breeding1 inculcates the necessity of gentle treatment and courteous behavior to servants1 who will seldom fail to respond with a more zealous service and a readier obedience to exactions and commands rendered less harsh and domineering by a soft word and a subdued mastery4 ,,management ,,of ,,the ,,hands4 ,the management of the hands in company seems to embarrass young people greatly4 ,this comes from the false modesty which induces them to suppose they are the observed of all observers4 ,let them think only of themselves in due proportion of estimate with the vast multitude of mankind1 and frequent habitually the company of the refined1 and they will probably overcome much of their awkwardness1 if they do not acquire a large degree of grace4 ,,posing ,,for ,,effect4 ,to attitudinize1 with the view of producing an impressive effect upon the beholder1 seldom succeeds except with the rawest members of society4 ,when detected1 as it always is by accomplished people of the world1 it creates1 at first sight1 a feeling of aversion which it is not easy to eradicate4 ,this posing for effect is so old a trick1 and so easy of detection1 that it is surprising any person who has reached the years of discretion should attempt to play it4 ,yet how often do we see it1 in its various phases of the delicate young lady with the languid air1 the listless step1 or die-away posture6--the literary young lady with the studiously neglected toilette1 the carefully exposed breadth of forehead1 and the ever-present1 but seldom read book6--the abstemious young lady1 who surreptitiously feeds on chops at private lunch1 and starves on a pea at the public dinner6--the humane young lady1 who pulls ,tom's ears and otherwise tortures brother and sister in the nursery1 and does her utmost to fall into convulsions before company at sight of a dead fly6--the fastidious young lady1 who faints1 should there be an audience to behold the scene1 at the sight of roast goose1 but whose robust appetite vindicates itself by devouring all that is left of the unclean animal when a private opportunity will allow4 ,we assure our young readers that such affectations are not only absurd1 for they are perfectly transparent1 but ill bred1 as shams of all kinds essentially are4 ,,winking ,,and ,,dozing ,,in ,,public4 ,winking and all knowing glances had better be left to the horse jockeys and the frequenters of the bar-rooms1 billiard saloon1 and gambling-tables4 ,it would seem hardly necessary to remind any one of the indecorousness of sleeping in company1 but it must be recollected that the obligation is equally urgent upon all not to put people to sleep4 ,it is the duty of every one to be wakeful2 it is equally so to be as little somniferous in matter and manner as possible4 ,an illustration is given of the somnolency of ,washington ,irving1 who1 according to the author1 ,d',israeli1 was taken up bodily from a dinner-table where he had fallen asleep1 and did not awake until set down in the midst of an evening party4 ,,beautifying ,,the ,,hands4 ,much can be done by care to beautify the fingers1 upon the grace of which depends greatly the beauty of the whole hand4 ,the natural tapering length of these can only be preserved by removing from them all pinching manacles of kid and jewelry4 ,much of the beauty of the finger depends upon the proper treatment of the nails4 ,these1 if cut too close1 deform the finger-ends and render them stubby4 ,the upper and free border of the nail should always be left projecting a line or so beyond the extremity of the finger1 and be pared only to a slight curve1 without encroaching too much on the angles4 ,to preserve the half moon1 or what the anatomists call the lunula1 which rises just above the root of the nail1 and is esteemed so great a beauty1 care must be taken to keep down the skin1 which constantly tends to encroach upon it4 ,this should be done with a blunt ivory instrument1 and the growth gently pushed away1 but never cut4 ,by this means1 also1 the production of the annoying 8hang-nail0 will be prevented4 ,the habit of filing or scraping the nails is fatal to their perfection1 as it thickens their substance and destroys their natural transparency4 ,the ordinary finger-brush should alone be used for cleaning and polishing the nails4 ,the ugly habit of biting the nails is fatal to their beauty4 ,they become excessively brittle in consequence1 not being allowed time to acquire their natural toughness1 and1 moreover1 the ends of the fingers1 being unsupported1 turn over1 forming an ugly rim of hard flesh1 which will prevent the regular growth of the nail4 ,,causes ,,of ,,deformed ,,feet4 ,the tight shoe or boot1 too narrowly toed1 is exclusively responsible for that painful affection1 ingrowth of the toe-nail4 ,if treated in time1 it can be easily and simply cured4 ,all that is necessary is to scrape down the nail until it becomes quite thin1 and then cut the projecting edge of it in a semilunar form1 with its concavity looking outward from the foot4 ,the nail of the great toe should always be thus pared1 care being taken not to clip the angles4 ,this causes it to grow toward the centre1 and shrink from the tender flesh at the sides4 ,chloroform now happily fulfills the service for the rendering of which this awkward process was barely a pretext4 ,though the operation has thus become painless to the insensible patient1 it has lost none of its horror to the spectator4 ,the surgeon1 grasping the toe1 thrusts the sharp-pointed blade of a pair of scissors under the nail as far as it will go1 and then1 cutting it in two1 tears out each half with a pair of pincers from the quivering flesh in which it has been long imbedded4 ,no one1 not even the slave of fashion1 should submit to any form of the boot or shoe other than the broad-toed1 which is fortunately now in vogue4 ,the foot1 like the hand1 is subject to the infirmity of excessive perspiration4 ,it is to be remedied by the same general and local treatment4 ,the habitual daily washing of the feet should be with cold rather than with warm water1 and a powder of starch or arrowroot1 which it would be well to perfume with bitter almonds1 orris1 or some other no more intrusive odor1 should be sprinkled in the inside of the stocking4 ,,care ,,of ,,the ,,teeth4 ,a wholesome condition of the teeth is not only essential to good looks1 but to daily comfort and permanent health4 ,chewing of the food1 so necessary to a good digestion1 cannot be properly performed with weak and diseased masticators1 which are1 in fact1 the frequent cause of dyspepsia and other affections of the stomach4 ,local diseases of the most tormenting kind1 such as neuralgia and the various painful face1 head1 and earaches1 and disorders of the eye1 as well as the fatal cancer and tedious ulcers of the tongue and lips1 are often due to no other cause than a decayed and ragged tooth4 ,,awkwardness ,,in ,,sitting4 ,many ladies1 by not bending the knees1 render their walk very ungraceful4 ,the posture1 moreover1 if too rigid1 particularly in sitting1 has an exceedingly ugly look4 ,some folks are unable to sit on a chair1 though they have so many opportunities of learning how to do it4 ,while some never fairly get on a seat but to their own manifest discomfort1 and that of all who look upon their misery1 poise and balance themselves on the sharp edge1 there are others who roll their bodies up into heaps1 as it were1 and throw them with an audible bounce deep into the receptacle1 whatever it may be4 ,every one seating himself should take his place deliberately1 and so completely that he may feel the full repose of the chair1 which it is designed to give4 ,the limbs1 once at rest1 should be moved1 if moved at all1 as noiselessly as possible2 and all extraordinary actions1 such as lifting1 for example1 one leg high upon the other1 and holding it there manacled by a grasp of the hand1 should be avoided4 ,a person striding a chair1 and grinding his teeth1 and thrumming his hands on the back1 has by no means an elegant look to the observer before or behind4 ,this practice1 which is never becoming in any company1 is simply indecent in that of women4 ,,about ,,blushing4 ,blushing1 which1 as a sign of modesty1 may be commendable in the young1 especially of the female sex1 is by no means always pleasing and worthy of encouragement4 ,when immoderate and inopportune1 it becomes a social nuisance4 ,there is a false shame1 which is the very reverse of true modesty4 ,the usual signs of the fictitious quality are shyness1 with the common accompaniments of frequent and ill-timed blushing1 hesitancy of speech1 hanging of the head1 downcast eyes1 sidelong glances1 shambling and stumbling gait1 restlessness of posture1 and a general air of voluntary shrinkage1 if we may be allowed the term4 ,this false modesty is the result of a genuine vanity1 which1 overestimating self1 fancies it the object of universal attention4 ,this naturally begets a sensitiveness and an anxiety about personal appearance so great that they embarrass the whole behavior2 for these excessively vain persons1 fancying all eyes constantly upon them1 would desire to make a figure in society of which they are manifestly incapable4 ,of this they are the first to become conscious1 and their hopelessness of success is painted in strong colors upon the face1 and visibly impressed upon every limb and feature4 ,there are persons who live to an advanced life1 and yet retain this fault4 ,it has often proved fatal to the social qualities of some who have been otherwise singularly well adapted not only to receive from society1 but to bestow upon it1 both distinction and happiness4 ,,stray ,,hints4 ,,enjoy ,,the ,,present ,,hour4 ,there is an ,eastern legend of a powerful genii1 who promised a beautiful maiden a gift of rare value if she would pass through a field of corn and1 without pausing1 going backward1 or wandering hither and thither1 select the largest and ripest ear1--the value of the gift to be in proportion to the size and perfection of the ear she should choose4 ,she passed through the field1 seeing a great many well worth gathering1 but always hoping to find a larger and more perfect one1 she passed them all by1 when1 coming to a part of the field where the stalks grew more stunted1 she disdained to take one from these1 and so came through to the other side without having selected any4 ,this little fable is a faithful picture of many lives1 which are rejecting the good things in their way and within their reach1 for something before them for which they vainly hope1 but will never secure4 ,on a dark night and in a dangerous place1 where the footing is insecure1 a lantern in the hand is worth a dozen stars4 ,it is well to look beyond the present into the future1 and in the season of strength and prosperity1 to make provision for a time when misfortune and old age may overtake us4 ,but this does not mean that we should ignore the present altogether1 nor that our pleasures should consist solely in the anticipation of some future prosperity or expected success4 ,,make ,,home ,,attractive4 ,some one has said that the three sweetest words in our language are1 8,mother1 ,home and ,heaven40 ,we may well pity that being so unfortunate as not to have enjoyed the blessings of a happy home1 for in the battle of life we need to be armed with the counsels and prayers of a mother1 and all holy and sweet home influences1 if we are to successfully meet the snares and perils which will beset us4 ,home is the paradise in which this wonderful world is first revealed to our growing consciousness1 and as from its safe shelter we look out upon life we form our estimate of it according to the impressions and teachings we there receive4 ,if the home is brightened with the sunshine of love1 its radiance is reflected in all around us1 and the whole world appears to us only as one family1--full of kind thoughts1 tender sympathies1 gentle ministrations and noble deeds4 ,if the home life is sour1 gloomy and unhappy1 then we see the whole world through the same atmosphere of misery and discontent2 and it is to us only a dull1 dismal prison1 crowded with selfish souls1 whose petty strifes and base actions cause perpetual turmoils and unhappiness4 ,parents1 depend upon it1 you have no holier nor higher work to do than to make home attractive4 ,in after years your endeavors will be repaid a hundred fold by the grateful affection1 the happy memories1 and the noble lives of your children1 who1 whatever their success elsewhere1 will ever turn to the old homestead and its inmates as the ,mecca of their earthly pilgrimage4 ,a ,,sunny ,,temper4 ,if it were possible for us to invoke the aid of some powerful genii1 who1 as we passed through life1 could summon troops of loving friends around us1 and make our pathway radiant with their smiles and blessings1 we should think no labor too arduous1 no sacrifice too great to procure such inestimable happiness4 ,if such a beneficent fairy held court and dispensed such favors1 though she dwelt in the uttermost parts of the earth1 what caravans of eager pilgrims would throng to that favorite realm6 ,we often forget that the priceless charm which will secure to us all these desirable gifts is within our reach4 ,it is the charm of a sunny temper1--a talisman more potent than station1 more precious than gold1 more to be desired than fine rubies4 ,it is an aroma1 whose fragrance fills the air with the odors of ,paradise4 ,it is an amulet1 at sight of which dark clouds of perplexity and hideous shapes of discord flee away4 ,it wreathes the face with smiles1 creates friends1 promotes cheerfulness1 awakens tenderness1 and scatters happiness4 ,it fills the heart with joy1 it robs sorrow of its pain and makes of earth a very heaven below4 ,,value ,,of ,,female ,,society ,,to ,,man4 ,one of the most marked men of this century1 ,disraeli1 who achieved distinction in many different lines of thought and action1 toward the close of a career of extraordinary success1 made the remarkable statement that 8a female friend1 amiable1 clever and devoted1 is a possession more valuable than parks and palaces1 and without such a nurse1 few men can succeed in life1--none be content40 ,the reason why multitudes of gifted and brilliant men fail in their career1 is for want of the very traits of character which female society would impart4 ,how many men are intellectual1 well informed1 and possess a complete practical knowledge of the pursuit they enter upon6 but they are brusque1 imperious1 and overbearing2 they lack the urbanity of demeanor1 the consideration of others' feelings1 the gracefulness of expression1 which are necessary to conciliate men and to draw them to themselves2 and for the need of these qualities their progress is impeded1 or they fail in their plans altogether4 ,the female character possesses those qualities in which most men are deficient1--the delicate instincts1 the acute perceptions1 the ready judgment1 the wonderful intuitions1--these all belong to her by native right1 and are usually acquired by men through her influence4 ,,home ,,maxims4 ,the following maxims1 if put in practice daily1 would do much to promote harmony and good feeling in the home3 8,never make a remark at the expense of the other2 it is meanness40 8,never manifest anger40 8,never speak loud to one another1 unless the house is on fire40 8,never reflect on a past action which was done with a good motive1 and with the best judgment40 8,never part without loving words to think of during your absence4 ,besides1 it may be that you will not meet again in life40 8,let each one strive to yield oftenest to the wishes of the other1 which is the mutual cultivation of an absolute unselfishness40 ,,true ,,politeness4 ,politeness has been called the oil which makes the wheels of society run smoothly2 and certainly it does greatly lessen the friction of daily contact with each other4 ,keen perceptions1 a wise discernment1 and a natural power of imitation1 with much contact with the world1 are the essential requirements of polished manners4 ,it has been said 8that the best bred man is he who is possessed of dignified ease1 to reconcile him to all situations and society40 ,this is not attained so much from a knowledge of the rules of etiquette1 as by an innate nobility of character1 a greatness of soul1 and proper self-respect4 ,true politeness is never the product merely of punctilious conformity to established usages1 although it is necessary to have a knowledge of these1 but rather of an overflowing kindness of heart1 a generosity of spirit1 and a sacred regard for the golden rule4 ,indeed1 the grand foundation on which the etiquette of all civilized countries is based1 is that of doing to others as you would they should do unto you1 and in preferring others to yourself4 ,,mock ,,modesty4 ,a proper sense of modesty is a virtue which makes real merit more charming1 because seemingly unconscious of excellence4 ,but carried to an excess it will tend to dwarf the powers1 cripple the energies and defeat the great purposes of life4 ,when a man is well qualified to do a certain thing1 and feels that he can and ought to do it1 but is impelled by modesty to shrink back into obscurity for fear of bringing himself into notice1 then has his modesty degenerated into cowardice1 and instead of consoling himself that he is cherishing a great virtue1 he needs the lash of stern rebuke for his lack of manliness4 ,one of the most charming of essayists1 says3 8,i have noticed that under the notion of modesty men have indulged themselves in a spiritless sheepishness1 and been forever lost to themselves1 their families1 their friends and their country4 ,i have said often1 modesty must be an act of the will1 and yet it always implies self-denial1 for if a man has a desire to do what is laudable for him to perform1 and from an unmanly bashfulness shrinks away and lets his merit languish in silence1 he ought not to be angry with the world that a more unskillful actor succeeds in his part1 because he has not confidence to come upon the stage himself40 ,,the ,,art ,,of ,,conversation4 ,to converse well requires more than mere information or knowledge1 combined with a ready facility of expression4 ,there must also be sound judgment and a good heart1 for without these all other triumphs are hollow and delusive4 ,our conversation should be such as will be agreeable to others2 the subject of it should be appropriate to the time1 place and company1 and we should avoid all bitterness1 all thoughtless criticisms1 all unseemly ridicule1 and the heartlessness which wounds the feelings and disturbs the peace of those who listen to us1--and then our presence will be welcomed1 and we shall diffuse pleasure and promote friendship4 ,all the resources of tact and wisdom may be summoned into action in the exercise of our colloquial powers4 ,an ancient philosopher made it a rule to divide the day into several parts1 appointing each part to its proper engagement1 and one of these was devoted to silence wherein to study what to say4 ,what innumerable heart-burnings2 what a multitude of quarrels2 what a host of local feuds would be avoided1 if this wise rule were universally followed6 ,,when 8,,small-,,talk0 ,,is ,,timely4 ,one of the first requisites of conversation is to have something worth saying4 ,lowell once said1 8,blessed are they who have nothing to say1 and cannot be persuaded to say it20 and another remarked1 8,there are few wild beasts to be dreaded more than a communicative man with nothing to communicate40 ,clearly1 this might be aimed at the small-talk habits of some4 ,carlyle1 in his rugged1 vigorous style1 expresses himself quite as strongly to the same point3 8,thou who wearest that cunning1 heaven-made organ1 a tongue1 think well of this3 ,speak not1 ,i passionately entreat thee1 till thy thought have silently matured itself1 till thou have other than mad and mad-making noises to emit2 hold thy tongue till some meaning lie behind it to set it wagging4 ,consider the significance of ,,silence2 it is boundless1--never by meditating to be exhausted2 unspeakably profitable to thee6 ,cease that chaotic hub-bub wherein thy own soul runs to waste1 to confused suicidal dislocation and stupor2 out of silence comes strength40 ,the ground-work of conversation is knowledge of the subject under consideration1 and without this words are but useless sounds4 ,yet there are conditions in which a vigorous flow of 8small-talk10 we talk with no particular object or value4 ,live to enliven and keep in good humor1 is most desirable4 ,,monopolizing ,,talkers4 ,an eminent clergyman once administered this rebuke to a young lady1 who absorbed the entire time of the company by her small talk3 8,madam1 before you withdraw1 ,i have one piece of advice to give you1 and that is1 when you go into company again1 after you have talked half an hour without intermission1 ,i recommend it to you to stop awhile1 and see if any other of the company has anything to say40 ,there are few persons of such rare learning and ability that one can afford1 when in their company1 to be only a listener4 ,there is a ,chinese proverb that 8a single conversation across the table with a wise man is better than ten years' study with books40 ,but how comparatively few good talkers there are1 and how lightly is the art esteemed4 ,and yet1 will it not always be true that 8,words fitly spoken are like apples of gold in pictures of silver80 ,a ,,point ,,on ,,being ,,well ,,dressed4 ,a celebrated ,english divine once said to a lady3 8,madam1 so dress and so conduct yourself1 that persons who have been in your company shall not recollect what you had on40 ,to be well dressed does not necessarily mean that your apparel should be a copy of the latest whim of fashion1 or made of the costliest material4 ,that person is well dressed whose attire shows a suitableness to circumstances of time and place1 and the position and means of the wearer4 ,neglect and inattention to the small externals of dress should be carefully guarded against4 ,,enjoy ,,your ,,youth4 ,youth comes to us but once2 it is the season of golden hopes1 of overflowing spirits and of joyous anticipations1 and so it demands surroundings suited to these emotions4 ,you may require no recreation but such as your business and daily toil supply2 your mind may be absorbed in your plans and schemes1 which appear to you of almost as much importance as the affairs of an empire1 and with this you are satisfied2 but1 if so1 your eyes are not young eyes1 and your heart must have long ago been dead to the voices of your youth1 to expect that your children will be contented and happy1 unless you respond to some of the impulses of their joyous natures4 ,if you have not already the refining power of music in your little circle1 procure a piano or organ1 and encourage your children to sing and play4 ,surround yourself with a little social circle of your own4 ,adorn your walls with pictures and thus cultivate a love of art2 subscribe to a standard magazine or two1 and provide them with such books as will give them glimpses of what is going on in the world around them4 ,,the ,,superior ,,hostess4 ,a superior hostess does not make her house a spectacle4 ,she infuses into her hospitalities the charm of comfort and purity1 the sweetness of friendship1 the sacredness of the relation between the entertainer and the entertained2 and between herself and even the humblest of her guests there is a recognizable tie which is as dissimilar to that which fastens her interest to another guest as its variation is charming4 ,a ,,useful ,,hint4 ,at an evening visit or entertainment1 if the invited person departs before the usual and specified hour1 he and she should omit formal adieus1 if possible1 to avoid putting the thoughts of an unusually early departure into the minds of other guests2 but if an unnoticed departure is impossible1 the leave-taking should be quietly done1 the hostess expressing her regret at the early departure1 but on no account can she request a delay that some necessity has demanded4 ,it would be as unkind as it would be indelicate to urge a guest to inconvenience himself for the sake of keeping a crowd intact at a fashionable crush1 or even at a small party4 ,,how ,,to ,,amuse4 ,illustration ,,the ,,dancing ,,egg4 ,place the egg 7which should be hard-boiled1 not raw7 upon the under-side of a smooth tray1 and move the tray round and round horizontally1 gradually increasing in speed4 ,the egg1 resting in the middle of the tray1 is carried round and round by the movement1 and gradually begins to revolve on its own axis1 faster and faster1 till at last it is seen to rise on end1 and spin away exactly as a top would do4 ,in all experiments involving egg-balancing1 you will find it a material aid to success to keep the egg upright in the saucepan while it is being boiled4 ,the air-chamber will1 in such case1 be kept central with the longer axis of the egg1 which will in consequence be much more easily balanced4 ,to set the egg spinning as above described demands a considerable amount of practice1 not to mention some strength1 and1 still more1 address4 ,for the benefit of those who may prefer to succeed at the first attempt1 ,i will indicate a simpler plan of proceeding3-- ,place the tray on the table1 letting it project so far over the edge as to be readily and rapidly grasped by the hand4 ,place the egg in the middle1 and with the thumb of the left and the first finger of the right hand placed at opposite ends1 set it vigorously spinning4 ,it will immediately rise on end1 still spinning4 ,quickly seize the tray1 and you will then have nothing to do but to keep the egg still rotating1 which is a very easy matter4 ,this is done by moving the tray in horizontal circles1 but in the reverse direction to that in which the egg revolves4 ,,the ,,old ,,family ,,coach4 ,miss ,annie and ,clara and the ,little ,dog decided to take a ride in the ,family ,coach1 so1 whip in hand1 the fat ,coachman shut the ,door1 mounted the box1 the ,little ,dog barked1 when they entered the ,family ,coach1 and almost fell among the ,wheels4 ,miss ,clara and ,annie scolded the ,coachman for being so careless in starting the ,family ,coach too soon1 and putting the ,little ,dog in danger of falling among the ,wheels4 ,finally the ,coachman cracked his whip and the ,family ,coach started in good shape1 the ,little ,dog barking furiously4 ,everything went well with the ,family ,coach for a few miles1 till the ,coachman spied a pretty girl on the road4 ,he kept looking after her and did not see that he was putting the ,family ,coach and horses in danger1 when crash6 went the ,family ,coach4 ,miss ,clara and ,miss ,annie screamed1 the ,little ,dog barked2 the ,coachman shouted1 the ,wheels went in different directions1 and the ,axle1 the ,whiffle ,tree and all the parts of the ,family ,coach were left in a heap in the road1 in care of the ,coachman1 while ,miss ,clara1 ,miss ,annie and the ,little ,dog went home on foot4 ,such were the adventures of the ,family ,coach4 ,assemble the company1 and give to each one of the names that are capitalized in the first paragraph1 four being ,wheels1 two ,axles1 one the ,whiffle ,tree and one the ,door1 the names of the ladies to two1 and select the tallest person in the room for the ,little ,dog4 ,after all the names of all the parts are given1 some one stands in the middle of the floor and reads the ,adventures of the ,family ,coach4 ,each time the ,family ,coach is mentioned every one in the room should rise1 turn around three times1 and sit down again4 ,when the wheels are mentioned1 four persons bearing the names of ,wheels also rise1 turn around three times1 and sit down4 ,the ,little ,dog barks1 the ,coachman shouts1 the two ladies bow when their names 7,miss ,clara and ,miss ,annie71 are called4 ,there is great fun when the ,little ,dog is called on repeatedly to rise1 turn1 and sit down again4 ,when the ,horses are mentioned four persons also rise1 turn around1 etc41 and so until disaster overtakes the ,coach4 ,this game causes much merriment1 and general good feeling4 ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,quotations4 ,all the members of the company being seated1 each is provided with pencil and paper4 ,some one gives a quotation1 while the other players write the speaker's name upon their papers1 and opposite it the name of the author from whom they believe he has quoted4 ,after each in turn has given a quotation1 the papers are collected and re-distributed1 care being taken that no one shall receive his own4 ,then each repeats the quotation originally given1 this time adding the name of the author2 the other players correcting meanwhile the papers held by them4 ,the person who has given the largest number of authors correctly wins a prize4 ,for example1 the first player rises and says3 ,colors seen by candle-light ,do not look the same by day4 ,the next says3 ,handsome is that handsome does4 ,and so on until all have given quotations4 ,when the papers are exchanged1 ,no4 #a1 again rising says3 ,colors seen by candle-light ,do not look the same by day4 ,mrs4 ,browning4 ,no4 #b3 ,handsome is that handsome does4 ,goldsmith4 ,and so on through the list4 ,if any player has substituted some other name for ,browning or ,goldsmith1 or has failed to write the name of any author1 it must be marked as incorrect4 ,one player then collects and compares all the papers and announces the winner of the contest4 ,,crambo4 ,each member of the party is provided with paper and pencil1 also with two small cards or slips of paper1 upon one of which is to be written a question and on the other a single word4 ,the questions and words are collected separately and re-distributed1 whereupon each player must answer in rhyme the question he has drawn1 introducing into the rhyme the word on the other card4 ,the time is limited to five minutes1 and when this has expired1 each reads aloud the result of his labors1 first giving the question and word received4 ,to make the game more interesting it is sometimes required that the word received shall be made a rhyming word4 ,here is an example3 ,a writes for his question 8,where is the end of the rainbow80 and for his single word 8goose40 ,in the allotted time he writes the following3 ,you ask where the end of the rainbow is found2 ,just answer yourself if you can1 sir4 ,for 8anser0 in ,latin in ,english means 8goose10 ,and ,i'm not such a goose as to answer4 ,,pictured ,,quotations4 ,at the top of a half sheet of paper 7each player having one71 a picture is rudely drawn illustrating some quotation4 ,when all the drawings are finished each player passes his paper to his right-hand neighbor1 who writes his interpretation of the picture at the bottom of the paper1 turning the paper over to conceal the writing and passing it on to the next player4 ,when each has written on all the papers and they have returned to their owners1 they are unfolded and their contents read aloud1 the correct quotation being given last4 ,as an instance1 ,a draws a casement window through which is seen a face gazing at a cluster of stars4 ,the paper is passed to ,no4 #a1 and he writes as his interpretation3 ,in the prison cell ,i sit1 thinking mother dear of you4 ,no4 #b writes3 ,mabel1 little ,mabel1 with her face against the pane4 ,none guess correctly1 so ,a explains that it illustrates this couplet from ,tennyson's 8,locksley ,hall30 ,many a night from yonder ivied casement ere ,i went to rest1 ,have ,i looked on great ,orion sloping slowly toward the ,west4 ,,cross ,,questions4 ,the company is divided into two equal parts1 and blank cards and pencils are distributed4 ,one side writes questions on any subject desired1 while the other prepares in like manner a set of hap-hazard answers4 ,the question cards are then collected and distributed to the players on the other side1 while their answers are divided among the questioners4 ,the leader holding a question then reads it aloud1 the first player on the other side reading the answer he holds4 ,some of the answers are highly amusing4 ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,rhymes4 ,a variation of the former game4 ,the game is begun by a young lady or gentleman speaking a single line1 to which the next nearest on the left must respond with another line to rhyme with the first4 ,the next player gives a new line1 of the same length1 and the fourth supplies a rhyme in turn1 and so on4 ,the game is provocative of any amount of fun and nonsense4 ,a sample may be given4 #ast ,player4--,i think ,i see a brindle cow4 #b;d ,player4--,it's nothing but your dad's bow wow4 #c;d ,player4--,he is chasing our black ,tommy cat4 #dth ,player4--,poor puss had best get out of that1 etc4 ,any amount of nonsense may be indulged in a game of this sort1 within proper limits4 ,clever players can easily give the game a most interesting turn and provoke rhymes that are original and witty4 ,thus1 a subject once started1 every phase of it may be touched upon before the round closes4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,five-,,straw ,,puzzle4 ,you are supplied with five straws of equal length 7about three and a half inches71 and you are required to lift all five1 holding only the tip of one of them4 ,a glance will show you the arrangement of the five little straws and the coin in their centre1 which is1 as will be seen1 as simple as possible--when you know it4 ,the use of the coin is an optional addition4 ,it wedges all tight1 and prevents the straws slipping when once put together2 but it is by no means indispensable4 ,,french ,,rhymes4 ,each member of the company writes upon a slip of paper two words that rhyme4 ,these are collected by one player and read aloud1 and as they are read everybody writes them down upon new papers4 ,five or ten minutes being allowed1 each player must write a poem introducing all the rhyming words in their original pairs4 ,at the expiration of the given time the lines are read aloud4 ,suppose the words given are 8man and than10 8drops and copse10 8went and intent10 etc41 these are easily framed into something like this3 ,once on a time a brooklet drops1 ,with splash and dash1 through a shady copse2 ,one day there chanced to pass a man1 ,who1 deeming water better than ,cider1 down by the brooklet went1 ,to dip some up was his intent4 ,of course the result is nonsense1 but it is pleasant nonsense1 and may be kept up indefinitely1 to the entertainment of the participants4 ,,where',s ,,your ,,letter ,,going8 ,all being seated1 two of the company are chosen1 one for postmaster1 the other for carrier4 ,the ,postmaster gives the name of some city to each person1 writing the names down upon paper as they are given4 ,the carrier1 blindfolded1 stands in the middle of the room and the postman calls3 8,i have a letter to go from ,philadelphia to ,st4 ,louis40 ,as the names are mentioned1 the persons representing these cities change places1 the carrier at the same time trying to catch one of them4 ,if he succeeds1 and can1 while blindfolded1 give the name of the captured player1 the latter becomes carrier in turn4 ,when the postman says3 8,i have letters to go all over the world10 everybody rises and changes places1 and if in the confusion the carrier captures a seat1 the player who remains standing becomes carrier in turn4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,divided ,,pear4 ,problem3 ,to find the position in which a knife must be held that a pear1 suspended high up near to the ceiling1 shall1 on the severing of the thread to which it is attached1 so fall as to cut itself in half upon the blade4 ,there is no necessity for line or plummet2 we need only dip the suspended pear in a glass of water1 which we forthwith remove4 ,the water drips from it2 we note the exact spot on floor or table where the drops fall1 and make a private mark on such spot4 ,this is done privately beforehand1 so that the company1 on their arrival1 find the pear suspended in readiness for the feat1 and know nothing of the tell-tale 8drop40 ,at the proper moment you hold the knife1 edge upward1 immediately over the point which you have marked1 while some one applies a lighted match to the thread4 ,if you have duly followed our instructions1 the pear1 in falling1 should cut itself in half upon the blade4 ,for the experiment as above described one knife only is used2 but it may also be performed with two knives1 as shown in our illustration4 ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,bouquet4 ,each player composes in turn a bouquet of three different flowers1 that he names aloud to the person conducting the play4 ,the leader then writes the names of the flowers1 and after them the names of three persons in the room4 ,he then demands of the player who has composed the bouquet1 what he intends doing with the flowers1 and upon their proposed disposition being declared1 the names of the three persons they represent are read aloud4 ,,example4 ,leader4--8,miss ,a1 choose three flowers40 ,miss ,a4--8,a rose1 an aster and a pansy40 ,l4--8,i have written them4 ,now what will you do with the rose80 ,a4--8,i will throw it out of the window40 ,l4--8,and the aster80 ,a4--8,i will put it in a vase40 ,l4--8,and the pansy80 ,a4--8,i will always keep it near me40 ,l4--8,very well4 ,you have thrown ,mr4 ,a out of the window1 put ,mr4 ,b in a vase and expressed a desire to keep ,mr4 ,c always near you40 ,,the ,,all-,,around ,,story ,,game4 ,this is a very entertaining game and productive of general merriment1 if conducted at all cleverly by the players4 ,one person in the room begins to relate a story1 and after telling enough to interest his hearers and arouse their curiosity1 suddenly breaking off1 throws a knotted handkerchief at some other member of the party1 calling upon him to continue the narrative4 ,this is kept up as long as possible1 the more absurd and improbable the plot of the story the better4 ,if any one fails to respond upon receiving the handkerchief1 he or she must pay a forfeit4 ,,tongue-,,twisters4 ,the amusing game of tongue-twisters is played thus3 ,the leader gives out a sentence 7one of the following71 and each repeats it in turn1 any player who gets tangled up in the pronunciation1 having to pay forfeit4 ,a haddock6 a haddock6 a black-spotted haddock1 a black spot on the black back of the black-spotted haddock4 ,she sells sea shells4 ,she stood at the door of ,mr4 ,smith's fish-sauce shop1 welcoming him in4 ,the sea ceaseth and it sufficeth us4 ,six thick thistle sticks4 ,the flesh of freshly fried flying fish4 ,a growing gleam glowing green4 ,i saw ,esau kissing ,kate1 the fact is we all three saw2 ,i saw ,esau1 he saw me1 and she saw ,i saw ,esau4 ,swan swam over the sea2 swim1 swan1 swim2 swan swam back again2 well swum1 swan4 ,you snuff shop snuff1 ,i snuff box snuff4 ,the bleak breeze blighted the bright broom blossoms4 ,high roller1 low roller1 rower4 ,oliver ,oglethorp ogled an owl and oyster4 ,did ,oliver ,oglethorp ogle an owl and oyster8 ,if ,oliver ,oglethorp ogled an owl and oyster1 where are the owl and oyster ,oliver ,oglethorp ogled8 ,hobbs meets ,snobbs and ,nobbs2 ,hobbs bobs to ,snobbs and ,nobbs2 ,hobbs nobs with ,snobbs and robs ,nobbs' fob4 8,that is10 says ,nobbs1 8the worse for ,hobbs' jobs10 and ,snobbs sobs4 ,susan shines shoes and socks2 socks and shoes shine ,susan4 ,she ceaseth shining shoes and socks1 for shoes and socks shock ,susan4 ,robert ,rowley rolled a round roll round2 a round roll ,robert ,rowley rolled round4 ,where rolled the round roll ,robert ,rowley rolled round8 ,strict1 strong ,stephen ,stringer snared slickly six sickly1 silky snakes4 ,,to ,,balance ,a ,,pencil ,,on ,,its ,,point4 ,dig the blade of a half open penknife into a pencil1 a little above the point1 and to open or close the blade1 little by little1 till you find that the balance is obtained4 ,the combination of pencil and penknife thus placing itself in equilibrio is an illustration of a familiar law of mechanics2 the centre of gravity of the combination falls below the point of support 7the finger1 edge of the table1 or the like71 and thus stable equilibrium is obtained4 ,illustration ,by varying the degree of opening of the penknife1 you impart corresponding degrees of inclination to the pencil4 ,when the centre of gravity of the two combined falls in the same line as the axis of the pencil1 the latter will assume a perpendicular position4 ,,my ,,grandfather',s ,,trunk4 ,a great game for young folks of a winter evening4 ,the company being seated in a circle1 somebody begins by saying1 for instance3 ,no4 #a4 8,i pack my grandfather's trunk with a pair of spectacles40 ,no4 #b4 8,i pack my grandfather's trunk with a pair of spectacles and a silk hat40 ,no4 #c4 8,i pack my grandfather's trunk with a pair of spectacles1 a silk hat and a dime novel40 ,and so on1 each person repeating all the articles already mentioned1 beside adding a new one4 ,if any one fails to repeat the list correctly1 he drops out of the game1 which is continued until the contents of the trunk are unanimously declared too numerous to remember4 ,,how1 ,,when ,,and ,,where4 ,one member of the company leaving the room1 a word admitting of more than one interpretation is chosen by the others4 ,on his return1 he asks each in succession1 8,how do you like it80 ,the player questioned being required to give an appropriate answer4 ,he then inquires in similar manner1 8,when do you like it80 and if the answer to that question still give him no clue1 proceeds to ask1 8,where do you like it80 ,when he at last discovers the word1 the person whose answer has furnished him with the most information1 must in turn leave the room and become the questioner4 ,we will suppose the word chosen to be 8rain10 which can also be taken as 8reign0 or 8rein40 ,the question 8,how do you like it80 receives the answers 8tight10 8heavy10 8short10 8warm10 etc4 ,the question 8,when do you like it80 8,in summer10 8,when ,i am driving10 8,in the nineteenth century10 etc4 8,where do you like it80 8,in ,england10 8,on a horse10 8,in the sky10 etc4 8,i ,,love ,,my ,,love40 ,a pretty game and a prime favorite with country lads and lasses4 ,the leader commences by saying1 8,i love my love with an #8,a' because she is ,angelic1 because her name is ,araminta and because she lives in ,atlanta4 ,i will give her an ,amethyst1 feed her upon ,almonds and make her a bouquet of ,anemones40 ,the next player1 taking the letter 8,b10 loves his love in the same set of phrases1 only because she is ,bewitching1 her name is ,belinda1 etc4 ,the next takes 8,c10 and so on through the alphabet1 omitting the letter ,x4 ,any one failing to supply the required words promptly gives a forfeit4 ,,to ,,drive ,a ,,needle ,,through ,a ,,cent4 ,to drive a needle through a cent1 particularly if the needle be a fine one1 seems at first sight an impossibility4 ,it is1 however1 a very easy matter1 if you set about it in the right way4 ,thrust the needle through a cork1 allowing the point to project slightly1 and then1 with a pair of cutting-pliers1 nip off all that remains exposed at the opposite end4 ,place cork and cent as shown in our illustration1 or simply let the coin rest on a piece of soft wood1 and hammer away vigorously on the top of the cork4 ,the needle1 being steel1 is harder than the bronze of the coin1 and the cork preventing it from bending to either side1 it may be driven through the cent1 or any other coin of like substance1 with perfect ease4 ,the cork should be kept in position with the left hand1 while receiving the blows of the hammer4 ,illustration ,,proverbs4 ,this game requires the players to be alert and on the watch for the words that give the clue to the solution4 ,one player 7,a7 having gone from the room1 a proverb is selected by the others1 of which each person takes a separate word1 in order4 ,the absent player then being recalled1 proceeds to question the others singly1 each introducing in his answer the word of the proverb he has previously received4 ,suppose the proverb selected to be 8,nothing venture nothing have10 the game would proceed thus3 ,a4 8,is the proverb a long one80 #ast ,player4 8,nothing should be too long for you to guess40 ,a4 8,have you ever played this game before80 #b;d ,p4 8,really ,i cannot venture to say40 ,a4 8,are you fond of parlor games80 #c;d ,p4 8,nothing pleases me more40 ,a4 8,are you enjoying yourself this evening80 #dth ,p4 8,i have enjoyed myself thus far40 ,if ,a has not by this time guessed the proverb1 he continues his questions until enlightened1 when the player whose answer has given him the most information goes from the room4 ,rather a noisy way of playing the same game is to have all the players at a given signal shout their words in unison1 leaving the listener to distinguish in the uproar some word that shall give him a clue to the proverb4 ,the shouting is repeated as often as desired until he is successful4 ,in either modification of the game the player whose answer or word leads the questioner to discovery becomes the one to go from the room4 ,,tossing ,,the ,,rings4 ,fasten securely a stick two feet long and an inch or more in diameter to the centre of a block of wood or piece of board1 so that the block forms a substantial base for the stick1 which should be slightly tapered at its upper end4 ,make out of wire six hoops or rings1 three of them nine inches in diameter1 two of them seven inches1 and one five inches4 ,they should be heavy enough to toss easily1 perhaps half an inch in thickness4 ,wind these with cloth torn into strips1 fastening the ends with needle and thread4 ,use three colors of the cloth1 the rings of each size being the same color4 ,red1 white and blue make a pretty combination1 using red for the largest size1 white for the next1 and blue for the one small one4 ,now set the standard at some distance from the players1 and the game begins4 ,one player takes all the rings and tosses them one at a time over the upright stick4 ,for each of the large rings which he succeeds in getting upon the standard1 he counts ten2 for each of the next size1 fifteen2 and for the smallest one1 twenty-five4 ,any number agreed upon may be called a game1 and the player first obtaining that number of counts wins4 ,after one player has thrown all the rings1 another player takes them1 tossing them in the same way4 ,any number of players may take part in the game4 ,when once around1 the first one tosses again1 and so on until the game is out4 ,for small children1 five or six feet is far enough to toss the rings1 but larger ones may increase the distance4 ,illustration ,,magic ,,figures4 ,upon a little square of ordinary writing-paper1 sketch some geometrical figure--square1 rectangle1 triangle1 polygon1 etc4--using for that purpose a pencil whose tip has been moistened with water4 ,float the paper1 with the design upward1 on the water in a basin1 and fill up with water the figure you have traced4 ,with a little care you may do this without difficulty1 for the lines of moisture which form the outlines of your figure 7a triangle1 we will suppose7 will prevent the liquid overpassing the limits thereby defined4 ,the water thus enclosed will rise in a little heap4 ,now take a pin1 and placing the point at any spot you please within the triangle1 in such manner that the point dips into the water but does not touch the paper itself1 you will see the paper begin to move horizontally in a straight line until the geometric centre of the triangle places itself exactly under the point of the pin4 ,you can readily determine beforehand this central point1 which we will call ,a1 and holding the pin as shown in the engraving1 you will find that the paper travels in the direction shown by the arrow1 till ,a comes just under the point of the pin1 when it will stop of its own accord4 ,repeat the experiment with a square or a rectangle1 and you will find that the spot which is beneath the pin-point1 when the paper comes to a standstill1 is precisely the point of intersection of the two diagonals4 ,,the ,,force ,,of ,,the ,,breath4 ,when you blow into a paper bag in order to swell it out1 afterward bursting it with a blow to produce the familiar 8bang10 have you ever stopped to ask yourself what was the precise force of your breath8 ,you know that such force can be measured by the instrument known as the spirometer1 which you occasionally see at a railway station or a country fair4 ,but a simple paper bag may be made to answer the purpose of the spirometer1 as ,i propose to explain4 ,the bag must be rather long and narrow1 airtight1 and of thin1 tough paper4 ,a bullock's bladder will answer the purpose still better4 ,a tube should be inserted in the neck1 through which to blow4 ,lay it flat1 near the edge of a table1 with the mouth turned toward yourself2 place various weights upon it1 increasing by degrees1 and you will be surprised at the weight that your breath will thus lift4 ,to upset a couple of big dictionaries1 placed one upon the other1 will be mere child's play1 as you will find on putting the matter to the test4 ,illustration ,,hunt ,,the ,,ring4 ,all the players stand in a circle holding a long cord1 which forms an endless band upon which a ring has been slipped before it was joined at the ends4 ,this ring is passed rapidly from one player to another--always on the cord and concealed by the hand--while somebody in the centre endeavors to seize the hands of the person who holds it1 who when actually caught takes his place within the circle4 ,if the circle is very large two rings may be slipped upon the cord1 and two players placed in the centre together4 ,a small key may be used instead of a ring1 while still another variation is to have the concealed object a small whistle with a ring attached4 ,when this is adopted an amusing phase of the game is to secretly attach a string to the whistle and fasten this to the back of the player in the centre by means of a bent pin at the other end of the string4 ,then while feigning to pass the whistle from hand to hand1 it is occasionally seized and blown upon by some one in the ring1 toward whom the victim is at that moment turning his back1 causing that individual to be greatly puzzled4 ,,shadow ,,buff4 ,a sheet being stretched across one end of the room1 one of the players is seated upon a low stool facing it and with his eyes fixed upon it4 ,the only light in the room must be a lamp placed upon a table in the centre of the room4 ,between this lamp and the person on the stool1 the players pass in succession1 their shadows being thrown upon the sheet in strong relief4 ,the victim of the moment endeavors to identify the other players by their respective shadows1 and if he succeeds the detected party must take his place4 ,it is allowable to make detection as difficult as possible by means of any available disguise that does not conceal the whole person1 any grimacing1 contortion of form1 etc4 ,,magic ,,music4 ,a beautiful game1 which amuses even the mere spectator as much as it does the actual players4 ,one of the company sits at the piano while another leaves the room4 ,the rest of the party then hide some article previously agreed upon and recall the absent player4 ,at his entrance the pianist begins playing some lively air very softly2 keeping up a sort of musical commentary upon his search1 playing louder as he approaches the goal1 and softer when he wanders away from it4 ,in this way he is guided to at last discover the object of his search4 ,,going ,,to ,,jerusalem4 ,this is another piano game1 but does not require so much skill as the former4 ,one person goes to the piano1 while the others arrange in a line as many chairs1 less one1 as there are players2 the chairs alternately facing opposite directions4 ,then as the pianist begins to play1 the others commence marching around the line of chairs1 keeping time to the music4 ,when this suddenly ceases1 everybody tries to sit down1 but as there is one less chair than players1 somebody is left standing and must remain out of the game4 ,then another chair is removed and the march continued1 until the chairs decrease to one and the players to two4 ,whoever of these succeeds in seating himself as the music stops1 has won the game4 ,,bean-,,bags4 ,a game of skill1 the equivalent of parlor quoits4 ,it is played with bean-bags and a board three feet long and two feet wide1 elevated at one end by another board to an angle of thirty degrees1 and having some six inches from the top an opening about five inches square4 ,station this board at one end of a long room and divide the company equally4 ,eight bean-bags are all that are required4 ,the leader of one side begins4 ,standing at a suitable distance from the board1 he endeavors to throw the bags1 one at a time1 through the square opening4 ,every bag that reaches the goal counts ten1 every one that lodges upon the board five1 and every one that falls to the ground outside of the board a loss of ten4 ,suppose ,a to have put two bags through the opening 7twenty71 and two upon the board 7ten71--that is a gain of thirty--but the other four bags falling to the ground makes a loss of forty1 so his real score is a loss of ten4 ,b puts four through the opening 7forty71 three upon the board 7fifteen71 and one upon the ground 7ten71 which gives him a gain of forty-five4 ,the sides play alternately1 and after three rounds for each1 the scores1 which have been carefully kept by one member of the party1 are balanced1 and the side having the greatest gain declared winners4 ,a prize may be given for the highest individual score4 ,,throwing ,,the ,,handkerchief4 ,a very old and still quite popular game4 ,the company being seated around the room in a circle1 some one stationed in the centre throws an unfolded handkerchief to one of the seated players4 ,whoever receives it must instantly throw it to some one else1 and so on1 while the person in the centre endeavors to catch the handkerchief in its passage from one player to another4 ,if he catches it1 as it touches somebody1 that person must take his place in the centre4 ,if it is caught in the air the player whose hands it last left enters the circle4 ,the handkerchief must not be knotted or twisted1 but thrown loosely4 ,,blind-,,man',s ,,buff4 ,a player is led blindfolded into the middle of the room1 taken by the shoulders1 and turned around three times1 after which he must catch somebody to replace him4 ,as he is being turned1 the others say3 8,how many horses have you in your father's stable80 8,three2 black1 white and gray40 8,turn about1 and turn about1 and catch whom you may40 ,this game belongs to many countries1 and is known by many different names4 ,it is 8,blind ,cow0 in ,germany2 8,blind ,goat0 in ,sweden2 8,blind ,mouse0 in ,south ,germany and ,servia2 8,blind ,hen0 in ,spain2 8,blind ,fly10 or 8,blind ,cat10 in ,italy4 ,to the ,english name1 8,blind-man's ,buff10 correspond the ,polish 8,blind ,old ,man10 and the ,norwegian 8,blind ,thief40 ,a familiar variation makes this a ring-game4 ,the blindfolded person stands in the centre1 with a staff1 while the ring circles about him4 ,when he strikes the floor three times1 the ring must pause4 ,the person in whose direction he points must grasp the staff1 and utter some sound1 disguising the voice as much as possible4 ,the first must then guess the name from the sound4 ,this form of the game is called 8,peg in the ,ring40 ,a ,,queer ,,candlestick4 ,take a short piece of candle1 and into its lower end thrust1 by way of ballast1 a nail4 ,you should choose a nail of such a size that the candle-end shall be all but immersed1 the water just rising to its upper edge1 though not so high as to overflow the top and wet the wick4 ,now1 light the candle1 and you may safely make a wager that1 in spite of the apparently unfavorable circumstances in which it is placed1 it will burn completely to the end4 ,this may1 at first sight1 appear a rash assertion1 but after a little reflection1 you will see how the arrangement works4 ,the candle1 of course1 grows shorter as it burns1 and it seems therefore as if the water must overflow the top and reach the wick2 but on the other hand1 it grows proportionately lighter1 and therefore rides higher in the water4 ,further1 the external surface of the candle1 kept cool by the surrounding liquid1 melts much more slowly than it would in the open air1 so that the flame hollows out for itself a sort of little well1 as represented in the right-hand corner of our illustration4 ,illustration ,this hollowing process further lightens the candle1 and the wick will1 as you have stated1 burn to the very end4 ,,to ,,weigh ,a ,,letter ,,with ,a ,,broomstick4 ,for the purpose of weighing light objects as1 for instance1 a letter1 a very delicate balance is required2 and as such we recommend to our readers our new broomstick letter-weighing machine4 ,cut off the end of an ordinary broom-handle1 to a length of about ten inches1 and plunge it into a tall glass jar full of water--first1 however1 weighting it at bottom in such manner that about seven inches of its length shall be under water4 ,attach to the upper end1 by means of a tack1 an ordinary visiting card4 ,this will form the tray or scale of the apparatus--and behold your weighing-machine1 complete4 ,all that remains to be done is to graduate it4 ,place on the scale a one-ounce weight1 note how far the stick sinks1 and mark thereon1 with a very black pencil1 the point where it meets the surface of the water4 ,illustration ,the apparatus being so far graduated1 take off the weight1 and lay on the card1 in its stead1 the letter you desire to weigh4 ,if the pencil mark remains above the surface of the water1 your letter weighs less than an ounce1 and two cents will pay the postage2 if1 on the contrary1 the mark sinks below the surface1 your letter is over-weight1 and you must pay accordingly4 ,,the ,,tailless ,,donkey4 ,an amusing game at which any size of party may play and enjoy it for hours4 ,cut a large figure of a donkey1 minus a tail1 from dark paper or cloth1 and pin it upon a sheet stretched tightly across a door-way4 ,each player is given a piece of paper1 which would fit the donkey for a tail1 if applied4 ,on each tail is written the name of the person holding it4 ,when all is ready1 the players are blindfolded in turn--placed facing the donkey a few steps back in the room--then turned around rapidly two or three times and told to advance with the tail held at arm's length1 and with a pin previously inserted in the end1 attach it to the figure of the donkey wherever they first touch it4 ,when the whole curtain is adorned with tails--7not to mention all the furniture1 family portraits1 etc41 in the vicinity7--and there are no more to pin on1 the person who has succeeded in fastening the appendage the nearest to its natural dwelling place1 receives a prize1 and the player who has given the most eccentric position to the tail entrusted to his care1 receives the 8booby0 prize1 generally some gift of a nature to cause a good-humored laugh4 ,,boston4 ,this is a variation of 8,blind ,man's ,buff10 which is described elsewhere4 ,seat the company round the room and give each a number4 ,blindfold one person and station him in the centre of the room1 twirling him around several times so that he may successfully 8lose his bearings40 ,he must then call any two numbers included in the number of players1 and the two people representing them must at once rise and change places1 while the 8blind man0 endeavors to seize one of them4 ,if he succeeds in doing this he must1 while still blindfolded1 identify the captive1 who then in turn enters the circle4 ,more than two numbers may be called at once1 and when the 8blind man0 calls out 8,boston60 and everybody changes places1 he may1 by slipping into a vacant seat during the confusion1 find a substitute in the person left standing when all the chairs are occupied4 ,,what ,,is ,,your ,,age8 ,it is always a delicate thing to inquire a lady's age1 but the question in this game will offend nobody4 ,there must be at least two people in the secret1 and one of them leaves the room4 ,somebody in the company tells his age to the others1 and the absent player is recalled4 ,everybody is at liberty to question him1 but he only pays attention to the one player he knows holds the secret of the game1 and from the first letters of the words introducing the remarks of this person he takes his cue--the first ten letters of the alphabet standing for the ten figures1 #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #j4 ,a goes from the room and ,b asks for somebody's age4 ,c volunteers1 8,i am twenty-five40 ,a being then recalled1 there is a universal demand from the company for the required age1 and a great deal of doubt expressed as to his ability to guess it4 ,during the general confusion1 ,b hastily says3 8,be sure before you speak10 and then again3 8,enough thinking4 ,tell us now40 ,whereupon1 ,a1 guided by the first letter1 8b10 of the first remark1 and the 8e0 of the second1 which he knows represents the digits 8two0 and 8five0 respectively1 quickly says 8twenty-five40 ,,what1 ,,sir8 ,,me1 ,,sir8 ,one player says to another3 8,mr4 ,brown1 ,i saw you on ,broadway40 ,whereupon ,mr4 ,brown says3 8,what1 sir8 ,me1 sir80 ,the other replies3 8,yes1 sir2 you1 sir40 8,oh6 no1 sir1 not ,i1 sir40 8,who then1 sir80 8,mr4 ,smith1 sir40 ,mr4 ,smith immediately replies3 8,what1 sir8 ,me1 sir80 ,and so on till each is mentioned in turn4 ,those who miss must pay a forfeit4 ,at the end of the game all the forfeits are redeemed4 ,,horse4 ,the players are seated around the room4 ,one person pretends to whisper to each of the others in turn the name of a different animal4 ,after naming them all1 he must call out the name of some one animal1 and the person having that name must run out at the door4 ,having given the whole company the name of horse1 he calls horse whereupon they all make a simultaneous rush for the door4 ,a narrow door should be chosen1 if possible4 ,,rooster4 ,this is a short game1 reaching a quick conclusion and exciting a hearty laugh4 ,tell everybody in the room that you will give to each in a whisper1 the name of some animal1 whose peculiar cry they are to imitate in concert at a given signal4 ,to all but one person the simple charge to 8keep perfectly silent0 is given4 ,upon that one is bestowed the name of 8,rooster40 ,then saying1 8,all be ready when ,i say three60 ,count 8one1 two1 three10 when a lusty crow from the victim of the joke1 and a laugh from the others1 tell him that the general amusement has been at his expense4 ,,consequences4 ,the players are each provided with a slip of paper and a pencil4 ,each must write the name of some gentleman 7who is known to the party71 turn down the end of the paper on which the name is written1 and pass the paper to the next neighbor4 ,all must then write the name of some lady 7also known71 then change the papers again and write 8where they met10 8what he said10 8what she said10 8what the world said10 and 8the consequences10 always passing the papers on4 ,when all are written1 each player must then read his paper4 ,mr4 ,jones4444 ,and ,miss ,smith4444 ,met on a roof4444 ,he said1 8,i trust you are not afraid40 ,she said1 8,not while you are here40 ,world said1 8,it's a match40 ,consequences1 8,he sailed for ,africa next morning10 etc4 ,,mesmerizing4 ,this may be made very amusing1 although no actual mesmerism is attempted4 ,a member of the party announces that he has been declared to possess a vast amount of mesmeric power2 not enough to gain absolute control over a person1 but sufficient to at least prevent him from rising from a chair alone4 ,his challenge being accepted by some one1 he seats his victim in a low chair and himself in a higher one close at hand4 ,then1 solemnly demanding a complete relaxation of will power and a sober countenance on the part of the subject1 he begins making passes with his hands1 stroking the forehead of the person beside him1 and otherwise imitating a genuine mesmerist4 ,after a short time he quietly says3 8,now see if you can get up alone60 ,of course1 the subject rises to his feet at once1 but so does the mesmerist1 thus proving to the former that having risen simultaneously with himself1 he has surely failed to rise alone4 ,,guessing ,,eyes ,,and ,,noses4 ,a sheet is fastened up between two doors4 ,holes are cut in it1 and some of the party go behind the sheet and stand with their eyes at the holes1 while the others must guess to whom the eyes belong4 ,failing to guess correctly they must give a forfeit4 ,,beast1 ,,bird ,,or ,,fish4 ,the players sit round in a circle1 and one player1 who is 8it10 points to some one1 and says either 8beast10 8bird10 or 8fish40 ,he then counts ten as quickly as possible4 ,the person pointed to must name some 8beast10 8bird10 or 8fish0 7whichever he was asked7 before ten is reached4 ,if he fails1 he must give a forfeit4 ,,truth4 ,the players pile up their hands1 choose a number1 and draw out in turn1 and the person who draws his or her hand from the pile at the number selected has to answer truly any questions put by the rest4 ,,needles ,,and ,,pins ,,made ,,to ,,float4 ,take an ordinary pin1 thoroughly dry4 ,this is an object which water can moisten1 but less easily than glass4 ,if1 by some means or other1 you can manage to lay it on the water without wetting it1 you will see the water take a convex shape on either side of the pin1 and this latter1 displacing a proportionate body of water1 will float on the surface1 just as a lucifer match would do4 ,the same experiment may be performed with a needle1 and it must not be supposed that a very fine needle or pin alone is suitable4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,,shadows ,,on ,,the ,,wall4 ,,hit ,,or ,,miss4 ,great amusement is excited by this game when played in the presence of a company of guests4 ,spread a sheet upon the floor and place two chairs upon it4 ,seat two of the party in the chairs within reach of each other and blindfold them4 ,give each a saucer of cracker or bread crumbs and a spoon1 then request them to feed each other4 ,the frantic efforts of each victim to reach his fellow sufferer's mouth is truly absurd--the crumbs finding lodgment in the hair1 ears and neck much oftener than the mouth4 ,sometimes bibs are fastened around the necks of the victims for protection4 ,,going ,,shopping4 ,a lively game of 8talk and touch40 ,the company is seated in a circle1 and one who understands the game commences by saying to his neighbor at the right3 8,i have been shopping40 8,what did you buy80 is the required response4 8,a dress10 8a book10 8some flowers10 8a pencil0--whatever the first speaker wishes1 provided always that he can1 in pronouncing the word1 touch the object mentioned4 ,then the second player addresses his neighbor in similar manner1 and so on around the circle until the secret of the game is discovered by all4 ,whoever mentions an object without touching it1 or names one that has already been given1 pays a forfeit4 ,,the ,,three ,,matches4 ,illustration ,with your penknife slit one end of a match1 and trim that of another into a wedge shape4 ,insert this latter into the split end of the former1 so that the two shall form an acute angle4 ,place them on the table1 the angle upward1 and prop them up by leaning another match against them1 the whole forming a tripod1 as shown in the figure4 ,now hand a fourth match to one of the company1 and request him to lift with it the other three from the table4 ,such is the problem to be resolved4 ,all that you have to do is to insert the fourth match just inside the point of the tripod1 between the two conjoined and the single match2 and with it to press the two joined matches lightly outward till the third falls with its upper end on the one you hold4 ,you lower this till the end of the single match passes within the angle formed by the juncture of the two first4 ,if you then raise the match you hold in your hand1 the three others will ride astride upon it1 the single match on the one side1 the two joined matches on the other4 ,the table used should have a cloth on it1 that the lower ends of the matches may not slip4 ,some little delicacy of handling is needful to make the single match fall just in the right position1 but this once achieved1 the three thus slightly supported might be carried a mile without any fear of dropping them4 ,,to ,,spin ,a ,,cent ,,upon ,a ,,needle ,,point4 ,illustration ,bend a hair-pin as shown in our illustration4 ,place a cent horizontally on the right-hand hook1 which should be narrow enough to clip it closely1 and hang upon the left-hand hook a tolerably heavy finger-ring 7or two1 if one is found insufficient74 ,place the free edge of the coin on some upright point 7that of a lady's bonnet-pin1 for example71 and you will find that the combination can be made to balance itself4 ,furthermore1 by gently blowing upon the ring1 you can set the apparatus revolving rapidly1 without any disturbance to its equilibrium4 ,if you spin the cent upon a very sharp steel needle1 you will find that the needle will at length work its way completely through the coin4 ,you may therefore1 if you please1 propound your puzzle in this rather striking form--,how to bore a hole through a cent by merely blowing upon it4 ,,counting ,,apple-,,seeds4 ,this rhyme1 formerly used in ,england1 remains unchanged1 except the omission of the last three lines4 ,apples were an essential part of every entertainment in the country4 ,the apple1 having been properly named for a person1 with a pressure of the finger1 was divided1 to decide the fate of the person concerned according to its number of seeds4 ,one1 ,i love1 ,two1 ,i love1 ,three1 ,i love1 ,i say1 ,four1 ,i love with all my heart1 ,and five1 ,i cast away2 ,six1 he loves1 ,seven1 she loves1 ,eight1 they both love2 ,nine1 he comes1 ,ten1 he tarries1 ,eleven1 he courts1 ,twelve1 he marries2 ,thirteen1 wishes1 ,fourteen1 kisses1 ,all the rest little witches4 ,,spin ,,the ,,plate4 ,a tin pie-plate is set spinning in the middle of the floor2 someone is called from the party1 who must catch the plate before it stops1 or pay a forfeit4 ,,lighting ,,the ,,candle4 ,this feat is a very amusing one and is performed as follows3 ,two persons kneel on the ground1 facing each other4 ,each holds in his left hand a candle in a candlestick1 at the same time grasping his right foot in his right hand4 ,this position compels him to balance himself on his left knee4 ,one of the candles is lighted2 the other is not4 ,the holders are required to light the unlighted candle from the lighted one4 ,the conditions are simple enough1 but one would hardly believe how often the performers will roll over on the floor before they succeed in lighting the candle4 ,it will be found desirable to spread a newspaper on the floor between the combatants4 ,many spots of candle-grease will thus be intercepted1 and the peace of mind of the lady of the house proportionately spared4 ,a ,,problem ,,in ,,gymnastics4 ,place a low stool on the floor1 close against the wall1 and yourself facing the wall1 with your feet distant from it just double the width of the stool4 ,stoop down and grasp the stool with one hand on either side1 and rest your head against the wall4 ,now lift the stool from the floor1 and slowly raise yourself to the erect position--or rather1 endeavor to do so4 ,it is better to try the experiment for the first time on a well-carpeted floor4 ,on polished oak or parqueterie you would probably have a bad fall4 ,we have here a curious effect of the displacement of the centre of gravity of the body1 which renders it almost impossible to stand upright without first replacing the stool on the ground1 and resting the hand upon it to get the needful support4 ,,redeeming ,,forfeits4 ,the girl who is to name the penalty by which the forfeit must be redeemed lays her face on the lap of another who sits on a chair1 while a third1 standing behind1 holds the article over her head and asks3 8,here is a forfeit1 a very fine forfeit2 what shall be done to redeem it80 8,is it fine or superfine80 7i4 e41 does it belong to a gentleman or to a lady47 ,the sentence is then declared4 ,another formula1 used in the ,middle and ,southern ,states1 is3 8,heavy1 heavy1 what hangs over you80 ,the ,german usage is nearly the same1 the question being3 8,judge1 what is your sentence1 what shall he do whose pledge ,i have in my hand80 ,any proper penalty may be named4 ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,location4 ,sides are chosen and the opposing parties stand in separate lines as for a spelling match4 ,no4 #a of one side mentions the name of some city or town in any part of the globe1 and ,no4 #a of the other side must locate it before his opponent has finished counting ten or twenty1 as may be agreed4 ,he then1 in turn1 names a city which ,no4 #b on the other side must locate4 ,if anyone fails to give the correct location before the expiration of the ten counts1 a member from the side he represents is chosen by the other4 ,,the ,,game ,,of ,,clumps4 ,sides are chosen1 and a representative from each side goes from the room4 ,after choosing the object to be guessed1 they return1 each going to his opponent's side1 where he is asked questions to be answered by 8yes0 or 8no10 concerning the object selected4 ,the side which first guesses correctly has the privilege of choosing a member from the opposing side4 ,then the successful guesser of one party and the player who has been most nearly successful on the other go from the room and choose a new subject4 ,the two parties must be separated by some distance and the questioning carried on in a low voice1 so that nothing said by one side can be heard by the other4 ,an illustration3 ,for instance1 the object chosen is the thumb on the right hand of the ,washington ,monument4 ,question4 8,does it belong to the animal kingdom80 ,answer4 8,no40 ,q4 8,to the mineral kingdom80 ,a4 8,yes40 ,q4 8,is it in existence now80 ,a4 8,yes40 ,q4 8,is it in this country80 ,a4 8,yes10 and so on until a successful termination of the guessing is reached4 ,,ant ,,and ,,cricket4 ,one of the company being appointed to represent the ,cricket1 seats himself in the midst of the other players1 who are the ,ants1 and writes upon a piece of paper the name of a certain grain1 whatever kind he pleases4 ,he then addresses the first ,ant3 8,my dear neighbor1 ,i am very hungry1 and have come to you for aid4 ,what will you give me80 8,a grain of rice1 a kernel of corn1 a worm10 etc41 replies the ,ant1 as he sees fit4 ,the ,cricket asks each in turn1 and if one of them announces as his gift the word already written upon the paper1 the ,cricket declares himself satisfied and changes places with the ,ant4 ,if the desired word is not spoken1 however1 the same cricket keeps his place1 scorning each article of food as it is suggested to him4 ,in either case the form of the question changes1 and the supplicant says3 8,my hunger is appeased and now ,i wish to dance4 ,what dance do you advise80 ,he therefore writes the name of a dance upon his paper and the ,ants advise in turn--8,a polka1 a fandango1 a minuet10 etc4 ,the third ,cricket declares himself unable to dance without music1 and requests that a suitable instrument be recommended4 8,a lyre1 a kazoo1 a mandolin10 etc41 say the ,ants4 ,the fourth ,cricket1 tired of dancing1 wishes to rest1 and asks upon what he shall take his repose4 8,a rose-leaf1 the moss1 the heart of a lily10 are all suggested1 but unless the name he has previously written upon his paper is mentioned1 he expresses himself dissatisfied4 ,the fifth and last ,cricket confesses fear lest while sleeping he shall be devoured by a bird1 but requests advice concerning the choice of a destroyer4 8,a lark1 a turtle-dove1 a pigeon10 are thereupon mentioned by the ,ants4 ,by carefully selecting the most uncommon names for replies1 the same ,cricket may be kept through the entire set of questions4 ,if the word written upon his paper1 however1 is mentioned in any case1 he must show it to the unfortunate ,ant1 to whom he surrenders his place4 ,,gussing ,,characters4 ,one of the party leaves the room while the others decide upon some character1 real or fictitious4 ,the absentee is then recalled1 and each in turn asks him a question referring to the character he has been elected to represent4 ,when he guesses his identity the player whose question has thrown the most light upon the subject has to go from the room4 ,for example3 ,a goes from the room and the company decides that he shall represent ,king ,henry ,,viii4 ,when he enters1 ,no4 #a asks3 8,which one of your wives did you love best80 ,no4 #b says3 8,do you approve of a man's marrying his deceased brother's wife80 ,no4 #c adds3 8,were you very sorry your brother died80 etc41 while ,a1 after guessing various names1 is led by some question to guess correctly1 and the fortunate questioner is consequently sent from the room to have a new character assigned him in turn4 ,,the ,,magic ,,candle ,,extinguisher4 ,cut out of thin cardboard a couple of little figures1 and insert in the mouth of each1 fixing it1 say1 with sealing-wax1 a piece of quill 7a portion of a toothpick1 for instance71 through which he or she appears to be blowing4 ,fill each tube with sand1 but leave a minute space empty at the end remote from the figure4 ,in the cavity of the one place a few grains of gunpowder1 and in the other a tiny morsel of phosphorus4 ,the figures being thus privately prepared beforehand1 you call for a lighted candle1 and announce that the one figure will blow it out and the other relight it4 ,the moment the tube with the powder is brought near the candle1 the powder will ignite1 and will produce an explosion of infinitesimal proportions1 but large enough to blow out the candle and cause a jet of smoke in the direction of the second figure1 which you hold in the opposite hand4 ,the heat of the smoke will cause the phosphorus to ignite1 and if you hold the tube which contains it pretty close to the wick1 the candle will again be lighted4 ,this is an experiment which should not be attempted by unskilled hands4 ,both gunpowder and phosphorus require to be handled with great care1 but it might be possible to make1 out of thin paper1 little cartridges containing a minute portion of each substance1 to be introduced into the tubes as occasion required4 ,unless the reader has some practical knowledge of laboratory work1 he should not attempt this experiment4 ,,the ,,broken ,,mirror4 ,the painters have given the last finishing touches to the room they have been redecorating1 but before leaving they cannot resist the temptation of a joke on whoever is sent to see that all is in order4 ,imagine the horror of the servant-girl when she sees a great crack1 perhaps half a dozen1 right across the big drawing-room mirror4 ,meanwhile1 behind her back the workmen are smiling over her discomfiture4 ,after having sufficiently chuckled over the success of their innocent joke they offer to repair the damage1 and1 not to keep their victim longer in suspense1 one of them takes a wet cloth and passes it over the supposed crack in the glass4 ,lo1 a miracle6 ,the cracks disappear under the mere touch of the damp duster1 and the glass is whole again4 ,she can hardly believe her own eyes4 ,and yet there is no witchcraft about the matter4 ,if you are inclined to play a similar trick1 you have only to trace1 with a small piece of soap1 on the mirror which is to appear broken1 a few fine lines in imitation of cracks4 ,their reflection in the glass will give them depth1 and make them seem as though they extended through the thickness of the glass1 while a rub with a wet flannel will make all right again4 ,a ,,parlor ,,zoetrope4 ,we have here the game of the 8little horses10 so popular at ,continental watering-places1 brought in a simplified and innocent form within reach of everybody4 ,glue round the inside of the rim of a circular dish of white porcelain1 a number of little cardboard figures of animals2 or simply sketch thereon1 with ink1 similar figures or numerals1 equidistant from one another4 ,place the dish thus furnished1 in an ordinary dish of somewhat larger size1 and having its centre slightly elevated--a not uncommon pattern4 ,you will only have to give a slight impulse with the hand to the smaller plate to set it spinning within the other4 ,should the larger dish not be raised in the centre1 you have only to pour into it a little water1 enough to make the inner dish just float1 and it will then revolve with great freedom1 the water practically destroying all friction4 ,you can repeat the same figure1 but with1 say1 the arms in different positions1 so that1 when the plate is set spinning1 you may have depicted1 in due order1 the successive positions of a man raising and lowering his arms4 ,thus1 for example1 if the first figure has his arms hanging down close by his sides1 the next will have them a little further from the body2 the third will have them extended horizontally2 the next following a little higher2 and1 finally1 the last will have them raised above his head4 ,now peep1 with one eye only1 through a little hole made with a pin in a visiting-card or playing-card1 and gaze at any given point of the circle described by the figures4 ,when the dish is set in motion1 you apparently see one figure only1 but such figure seems to move like a living being1 its arms appearing to take in succession the various positions which are really those of the separate figures4 ,you may amuse yourself by thus arranging several series of such figures1 their positions varied in proper succession1 thus reproducing1 at merely nominal expense1 the scientific toy known as the ,zoetrope or ,praxinoscope4 ,a ,,wonderful ,,pin4 ,take a piece of cord elastic1 and through it thrust a pin bent by twisting the ends of the elastic1 held vertically between the thumb and finger of each hand1 and then drawing the hands apart1 so as to stretch the cord1 you can communicate to this latter a movement so rapid that the revolutions of the pin shall produce the shape of a glass cup4 ,the illusion will be the more complete if the pin is itself brilliantly illuminated1 while having a dark background behind it1 the operator should be in a darkened room1 and a single ray of sunlight from without1 should fall through a hole in the shutters1 upon the pin4 ,with a little skill in manipulation one can produce1 using pins bent in different ways1 the semblance of the most diverse objects--say1 a cheese-dish1 and aquarium1 a bouquet-holder1 or a goblet4 ,should the form of the pin tend1 by reason of centrifugal force1 to make it assume a horizontal position1 this can be cured by securing one end of it1 by means of fine white silk1 to the elastic4 ,this will usually be invisible when the pin is made to revolve as above described1 and1 in any case1 will not affect the appearance of the figure4 ,,shadows ,,on ,,the ,,wall4 ,the exhibitor1 as well as the cardboard figures1 is placed behind the spectators1 a position which has many advantages4 ,place on the table a lighted candle1 and in front of it1 at two or three feet distance1 attach to the wall a sheet of white paper to form your 8screen40 ,between the light and the screen interpose some opaque body1 for example1 an atlas or other large book4 ,but under such conditions how are we to cast the shadows on the screen8 ,simply by the use of a mirror1 placed at the side of the table4 ,the reflection of the mirror will appear on the wall as a luminous space1 oval or oblong as the case may be1 and if you have placed it at the proper angle with reference to the screen1 and move your cardboard shapes about cleverly between the candle and the mirror1 you will forthwith see little fantastic figures projected in shadow on the screen1 while the uninitiated spectator is wholly at a loss to discover how you produce them4 ,,the ,,rotation ,,of ,,the ,,globe4 ,when you next chance to eat an egg for breakfast1 do not fail to try the following experiment4 ,it is one which always succeeds1 and is productive of much amusement to the company4 ,moisten slightly with water the rim of your plate1 and in the centre paint with the yolk of the egg a sun with golden rays4 ,by the aid of this simple apparatus you will be in a position to illustrate1 so clearly that a child can comprehend it1 the double movement of the earth1 which revolves simultaneously round the sun and on its own axis4 ,all that you have to do is to place the empty half-shell of your egg on the rim of the plate1 and keeping this latter duly sloped1 by a slight movement of the wrist as may be needful1 you will see the egg-shell begin to revolve rapidly on its own axis1 at the same time traveling round the plate4 ,it is hardly necessary to remark that the egg-shell will not travel uphill1 and the plate must therefore be gradually shifted round1 as well as sloped1 so that the shell may always have an inch or two of descending plane before it4 ,the slight cohesion caused by the water which moistens the plate counteracts the centrifugal force1 and so prevents the egg-shell falling off the edge of the plate4 ,,through ,,the ,,water ,,dry4 ,into a basin full of water1 throw a coin1 or ring1 or other suitable object1 and announce that you will take it out of the basin without wetting your hand4 ,all that is needed to effect this is to dust the surface of the water with some form of powder having no cohesion with water1 and which1 consequently1 water does not moisten4 ,powdered lycopodium1 to be procured of any chemist1 has this property4 ,having sprinkled a little of this powder on the surface of the liquid1 plunge your hand boldly to the bottom1 pick up the ring1 and show the company that your hand is as dry as it was before the operation4 ,this comes of the fact that the lycopodium has formed over your hand a regular glove1 to which the liquid cannot adhere any more than it can to the plumage of the ducks1 which we see plunge and plunge again1 and still come up dry as ever1 by reason of the oily matter secreted by their feathers4 ,those who may care to carry the experiment further may try it with hot water1 increasing the temperature at each attempt1 when they will find that it is possible1 with the aid of the lycopodium1 to lift an article out of a kettle of all but boiling water4 ,the sensation of heat is not destroyed1 but it causes no injury to the tissues--in other words1 no scald4 ,,hanging ,,without ,a ,,cord4 ,soak a thread in strong salt and water2 dry thoroughly1 and repeat this two or three times4 ,this must be done privately beforehand4 ,when you bring forward the thread thus prepared1 the spectators have no reason to suppose that it is other than the ordinary article4 ,use this thread to suspend a ring1 choosing as light a one as possible4 ,set fire to the thread1 which will burn from end to end1 but the spectators will be surprised to see that the ring does not fall1 being supported by the ash resulting from the combustion4 ,in reality1 the fibrous particles of the thread have been destroyed1 but there remains a tiny filament of salt1 strong enough1 if there is no draught in the room1 to support the weight of the ring4 ,this experiment may be varied in this manner3 ,attach four pieces of thread to the four corners of a little piece of muslin1 so as to form a miniature hammock4 ,soak the whole in salt water2 then dry it1 and repeat the operation three or four times4 ,when the threads and the muslin are thoroughly saturated with salt and perfectly dry1 place a blown egg in the little hammock1 suspended as shown in the figure4 ,set fire to the hammock1 which will burn freely enough1 as also the fine threads1 but if the experiment has been properly carried out1 the egg will remain suspended1 to the astonishment of all who behold it4 ,,the ,,magic ,,scorpion4 ,place on the surface of the water in a glass or basin a number of small pieces of camphor of various sizes1 together representing the form of some animal1 say a scorpion4 ,after a little while the scorpion will begin to stir in the water2 you will see him move his claws1 as though trying to swim1 and curl his tail convulsively1 as if in pain4 ,this amusing experiment is easy to perform1 and costs practically nothing1 for camphor is to be found in every household2 but in spite of its simplicity we may deduce from it1 as you will see1 several interesting observations4 #a4 ,our scorpion floats on the water1 but lies almost entirely below the surface4 ,this proves to us that the specific gravity of camphor is nearly1 but not quite1 equal to that of water4 #b4 ,the animal does not dissolve4 ,camphor is therefore insoluble in water4 #c4 ,the different fragments of which our scorpion consists do not separate1 but remain one against the other as we originally placed them4 ,this is because they are held together by the force known as cohesion4 #d4 ,lastly1 the eccentric movements we have mentioned depend on a well-ascertained but mysterious property of camphor1 viz41 that when placed on the surface of the water1 it moves spontaneously4 ,it is a well-known fact that a morsel of camphor placed in a glass of water will1 after a few moments1 begin to move either with a sidelong or rotary movement2 such movement being due1 according to some authorities1 to the recoil produced by an escape of liberated gases2 according to others1 to a mysterious force inherent in the surface of liquids1 and known as superficial tension4 ,,amusing ,,the ,,children4 ,a clever way to amuse a party of children is to invite them to a peanut party4 ,tiny cards of invitation are sent out1 on each of which two half peanut shells are fastened4 ,a large quantity of the nuts are hidden about the house1 and when the young folks arrive they are told to hunt them4 ,they who find the most and least of them receive prizes4 ,another is a soap bubble party4 ,the invitations for this should have a pen and ink sketch of a pipe and bubble4 ,provide plenty of clay pipes1 with the name of a guest written on each1 and make the soapsuds with the addition of glycerine to make the bubbles strong and tough4 ,for the prizes for the most successful bubble blower1 a fancy pipe is suitable4 ,it can be made by gilding the handle and outside of the bowl of a clay pipe and painting the inside of the bowl in water colors4 ,a bow of baby ribbon to match the paint improves it4 ,for the booby prize a little pipe can be made from a match and half an acorn shell4 ,a penny party furnishes amusement for an evening4 ,with the invitations is sent a request for each guest to bring a penny1 not for an admission fee1 but for use4 ,for each guest there are provided two cards and a pencil2 one card is blank2 the other has a list of the things to be found on a penny4 ,the list is numbered1 and each person is expected to name as many as he can1 prizes being awarded for the best and poorest list4 ,find--#a4 ,top of hill4 #b4 ,place of worship4 #c4 ,an animal4 #d4 ,a fruit4 #e4 ,a common fruit4 #f4 ,links between absent friends4 #g4 ,union of youth and old age4 #h4 ,a vegetable4 #i4 ,flowers4 #aj4 ,what we fight for4 #aa4 ,a metal4 #ab4 ,a messenger4 #ac4 ,a weapon of defence4 #ad4 ,a weapon of warfare4 #ae4 ,a body of water4 #af4 ,a beverage4 #ag4 ,what young ladies want4 #ah4 ,the most popular ,state4 #ai4 ,what men work for4 #bj4 ,sign of royalty4 #ba4 ,a jolly dog4 ,the answers are--#a4 ,brow4 #b4 ,temple4 #c4 ,hare 7hair74 #d4 ,date4 #e4 ,apple4 #f4 ,letters4 #g4 #ahid 7the date of the penny74 #h4 ,ear4 #i4 ,tulips 7two lips74 #aj4 ,liberty4 #aa4 ,copper4 #ab4 ,one sent 7cent74 #ac4 ,shield4 #ad4 ,arrow4 #ae4 ,sea 7c74 #af4 ,tea 7t74 #ag4 ,beau 7bow74 #ah4 ,united ,states 7matrimony74 #ai4 ,money4 #bj4 ,crown4 #ba4 ,a merry cur 7,america74 ,usually a half hour is allowed for filling out the blank cards1 and after that some time for correcting the lists and awarding prizes4 ,it is often hard to find games for evening amusements that will amuse all4 ,some are so noisy that the sensitive cannot enjoy them1 but the following will instruct as well as amuse3 ,one is to transpose the misplaced letters of words1 usually the name of a city4 ,to prepare for the game make a large quantity of small cards from pasteboards1 about an inch and a half square4 ,paste a large letter on each one1 cut from a newspaper or advertisement1 having several for each letter of the alphabet4 ,give to each the letters necessary to spell a word and let him study it out4 ,thus the letters i l i s y a n t p can be made to spell ,ypsilanti1 or s t o o n b ,boston4 ,another game which is quite entertaining is called a pronunciation match4 ,any number can play4 ,one is elected as leader4 ,at first he will call out a letter1 as a1 and each person must think quickly while he counts five1 and be ready to tell the name of a city in the ,state agreed upon before the contest begins4 ,for instance1 the leader1 while he counts five1 points to one of the company who must give the name of a city beginning with the letter ,a1 ,b or ,c1 as the leader may announce4 ,when one answer has been given1 he quickly counts again1 and points to another person until some one fails to respond1 when he is declared leader and also pays a forfeit4 ,it is very amusing and teaches people to think quickly and keep their wits about them4 ,,games ,,of ,,arithmetic4 ,,how ,,to ,,tell ,,any ,,number ,,thought ,,of4 ,ask any person to think of a number1 say a certain number of dollars2 tell him to borrow that sum of some one in the company1 and add the number borrowed to the amount thought of4 ,it will here be proper to name the person who lends him the money1 and to beg the one who makes the calculation to do it with great care1 as he may readily fall into an error1 especially the first time4 ,then say to the person3 8,i do not lend you1 but give you #aj2 add them to the former sum40 ,continue in this manner3 8,give the half to the poor1 and retain in your memory the other half40 ,then add3 8,return to the gentleman1 or lady1 what you borrowed1 and remember that the sum lent you was exactly equal to the number thought of40 ,ask the person if he knows exactly what remains2 he will answer 8,yes40 ,you must then say3 8,and ,i know also the number that remains2 it is equal to what ,i am going to conceal in my hand40 ,put into one of your hands #e pieces of money1 and desire the person to tell how many you have got4 ,he will answer #e2 upon which open your hand and show him the #e pieces4 ,you may then say3 8,i well knew that your result was #e2 but if you had thought of a very large number1 for example1 two or three millions1 the result would have been much greater1 but my hand would not have held a number of pieces equal to the remainder40 ,the person then supposing that the result of the calculation must be different1 according to the difference of the number thought of1 will imagine that it is necessary to know the last number in order to guess the result2 but this idea is false1 for1 in the case which we have here supposed1 whatever be the number thought of1 the remainder must always be #e4 ,the reason of this is as follows3 ,the sum1 the half of which is given to the poor1 is nothing else than twice the number thought of1 plus #aj2 and when the poor have received their part1 there remains only the number thought of1 plus #e2 but the number thought of is cut off when the sum borrowed is returned1 and1 consequently1 there remain only #e4 ,the result may be easily known1 since it will be the half of the number given in the third part of the operation2 for example1 whatever be the number thought of1 the remainder will be #cf or #be according as #gb or #ej have been given4 ,if this trick be performed several times successively1 the number given in the third part of the operation must be always different2 for if the result were several times the same1 the deception might be discovered4 ,when the five first parts of the calculation for obtaining a result are finished1 it will be best not to name it at first1 but to continue the operation1 to render it more complex1 by saying1 for example3 8,double the remainder1 deduct two1 add three1 take the fourth part10 etc42 and the different steps of the calculation may be kept in mind1 in order to know how much the first result has been increased or diminished4 ,this irregular process never fails to confound those who attempt to follow it4 ,,another ,,way4 ,tell the person to take #a from the number thought of1 and then double the remainder2 desire him to take #a from this double1 and to add to it the number thought of2 in the last place1 ask him the number arising from this addition1 and1 if you add #c to it1 the third of the sum will be the number thought of4 ,the application of this rule is so easy that it is needless to illustrate it by an example4 ,a ,,third ,,way4 ,ask the person to add #a to the triple of the number thought of1 and to multiply the sum by three2 then bid him add to this product the number thought of1 and the result will be a sum from which if #c be subtracted1 the remainder will be ten times of the number required2 and if the cipher on the right be cut off from the remainder1 the other figure will indicate the number sought4 ,example--,let the number thought of be #f1 the triple of which is #ah2 and if #a be added1 it makes #ai2 the triple of this last number is #eg1 and if #f be added it makes #fc1 from which if #c be subtracted1 the remainder will be #fj2 now1 if the cipher on the right be cut off1 the remaining figure1 #f1 will be the number required4 ,a ,,fourth ,,way4 ,tell the person to multiply the number thought of by itself2 then desire him to add #a to the number thought of1 and to multiply it also by itself2 in the last place1 ask him to tell the difference of these two products1 which will certainly be an odd number1 and the least half of it will be the number required4 ,let the number thought of1 for example1 be #aj2 which1 multiplied by itself1 gives #ajj2 in the next place1 #aj increased by #a is #aa1 which1 multiplied by itself1 makes #aba2 and the difference of these two squares is #ba1 the least half of which1 being #aj1 is the number thought of4 ,this operation might be varied by desiring the person to multiply the second number by itself1 after it has been diminished by #a4 ,in this case1 the number thought of will be equal to the greater half of the difference of the two squares4 ,thus1 in the preceding example1 the square of the number thought of is #ajj1 and that of the same number1 less #a1 is #ha2 the difference of these is #ai1 the greater half of which1 or #aj1 is the number thought of4 ,,how ,,to ,,tell ,,numbers ,,thought ,,of4 ,if one or more numbers thought of be greater than #i1 we must distinguish two cases2 that in which the number of the numbers thought of is odd1 and that in which it is even4 ,in the first case1 ask the sum of the first and second2 of the second and third2 the third and fourth2 and so on to the last2 and then the sum of the first and the last4 ,having written down all these sums in order1 add together all those1 the places of which are odd1 as the first1 the third1 the fifth1 etc42 make another sum of all those1 the places of which are even1 as the second1 the fourth1 the sixth1 etc42 subtract this sum from the former1 and the remainder will be the double of the first number4 ,let us suppose1 for example1 that the five following numbers are thought of1 #c1 #g1 #ac1 #ag1 #bj1 which when added two and two as above1 give #aj1 #bj1 #cj1 #cg1 #bc3 the sum of the first1 third1 and fifth is #fc1 and that of the second and fourth is #eg2 if #eg be subtracted from #fc1 the remainder1 #f1 will be the double of the first number1 #c4 ,now1 if #c be taken from #aj1 the first of the sums1 the remainder1 #g1 will be the second number2 and by proceeding in this manner1 we may find all the rest4 ,in the second case1 that is to say1 if the number of the numbers thought of be even1 you must ask and write down1 as above1 the sum of the first and the second2 that of the second and third2 and so on1 as before2 but instead of the sum of the first and the last1 you must take that of the second and last2 then add together those which stand in the even places1 and form them into a new sum apart2 add also those in the odd places1 the first excepted1 and subtract this sum from the former1 the remainder will be the double of the second number2 and if the second number1 thus found1 be subtracted from the sum of the first and second1 you will have the first number2 if it be taken from that of the second and third1 it will give the third2 and so of the rest4 ,let the numbers thought of be1 for example1 #c1 #g1 #ac1 #ag3 the sums formed as above are #aj1 #bj1 #cj1 #bd2 the sum of the second and fourth is #dd1 from which if #cj1 the third1 be subtracted1 the remainder will be #ad1 the double of #g1 the second number4 ,the first1 therefore1 is #c1 third #ac1 and the fourth #ag4 ,when each of the numbers thought of does not exceed #i1 they may be easily found in the following manner3 ,having made the person add #a to the double of the first number thought of1 desire him to multiply the whole by #e1 and to add to the product the second number4 ,if there be a third1 make him double this first sum1 and add #a to it1 after which1 desire him to multiply the new sum by #e1 and to add to it the third number4 ,if there be a fourth1 proceed in the same manner1 desiring him to double the preceding sum2 to add to it #a2 to multiply by #e2 to add the fourth number2 and so on4 ,then1 ask the number arising from the addition of the last number thought of1 and if there were two numbers1 subtract #e from it2 if there were three1 #ee2 if there were four1 #eee2 and so on2 for the remainder will be composed of figures1 of which the first on the left will be the first number thought of1 the next the second1 and so on4 ,suppose the number thought of to be #c1 #d1 #f2 by adding #a to #f1 the double of the first1 we shall have #g1 which1 being multiplied by #e1 will give #ce2 if #d1 the second number thought of1 be then added1 we shall have #ci1 which doubled1 gives #gh2 and1 if we add #a1 and multiply #gi1 the sum1 by #e1 the result will be #cie4 ,in the last place1 if we add #f1 the number thought of1 the sum will be #dja2 and if #ee be deducted from it1 we shall have1 for remainder1 #cdf1 the figures of which1 #c1 #d1 #f1 indicate in order the three numbers thought of4 ,,gold ,,and ,,silver ,,game4 ,one of the party having in one hand a piece of gold1 and in the other a piece of silver1 you may tell in which hand he has the gold1 and in which the silver1 by the following method3 ,some value1 represented by an even number1 such as #h1 must be assigned to the gold1 and a value represented by an odd number1 such as #c1 must be assigned to the silver2 after which1 desire the person to multiply the number in the right hand by any even number whatever1 such as #b2 and that in the left by an odd number1 as #c2 then bid him add together the two products1 and if the whole sum be odd1 the gold will be in the right hand1 and the silver in the left2 if the sum be even1 the contrary will be the case4 ,to conceal the trick better1 it will be sufficient to ask whether the sum of the two products can be halved without a remainder2 for in that case the total will be even1 and in the contrary case odd4 ,it may be readily seen1 that the pieces1 instead of being in the two hands of the same person1 may be supposed to be in the hands of two persons1 one of whom has the even number1 or piece of gold1 and the other the odd number1 or piece of silver4 ,the same operations may then be performed in regard to these two persons1 as are performed in regard to the two hands of the same person1 calling the one privately the right and the other the left4 ,,the ,,number ,,bag4 ,the plan is to let a person select several numbers out of a bag1 and to tell him the number which shall exactly divide the sum of those he has chosen3 ,provide a small bag1 divided into two parts1 into one of which put several tickets1 numbered #f1 #i1 #ae1 #cf1 #fc1 #abj1 #bac1 #cji1 etc42 and in the other part put as many other tickets1 marked ,no4 #c only4 ,draw a handful of tickets from the first part1 and1 after showing them to the company1 put them into the bag again1 and1 having opened it a second time1 desire any one to take out as many tickets as he thinks proper2 when he has done that1 you open privately the other part of the bag1 and tell him to take out of it one ticket only4 ,you may safely pronounce that the ticket shall contain the number by which the amount of the other numbers is divisible2 for1 as each of these numbers can be multiplied by #c1 their sum total must1 evidently1 be divisible by that number4 ,an ingenious mind may easily diversify this exercise1 by marking the tickets in one part of the bag1 with any numbers that are divisible by #i only1 the properties of both #i and #c being the same2 and it should never be exhibited to the same company twice without being varied4 ,,the ,,mystical ,,number ,,nine4 ,the discovery of remarkable properties of the number #i was accidentally made1 more than forty years since1 though1 we believe1 it is not generally known3 ,the component figures of the product made by the multiplication of every digit into the number #i1 when added together1 make ,,nine4 ,the order of these component figures is reversed1 after the said number has been multiplied by #e4 ,the component figures of the amount of the multipliers 7viz4 #de71 when added together1 make ,,nine4 ,the amount of the several products1 or multiples of #i 7viz4 #dje71 when divided by #i1 gives1 for a quotient1 #de2 that is1 #de,,nine4 ,the amount of the first product 7viz4 #i71 when added to the other product1 whose respective component figures make #i1 is #ha2 which is the square of ,,nine4 ,the said number #ha1 when added to the above-mentioned amount of the several products1 or multiples of #i 7viz4 #dje7 makes #dhf2 which1 if divided by #i1 gives1 for a quotient1 #ed3 that is1 #ed,,nine4 ,it is also observable1 that the number of changes that may be rung on nine bells1 is #cfb1hhj2 which figures1 added together1 make #bg2 that is1 #bg,,nine4 ,and the quotient of #cfb1hhj1 divided by #i1 will be1 #dj1cbj2 that is #djcbj,,nine4 ,to add a figure to any given number1 which shall render it divisible by ,nine3 ,add the figures together in your mind1 which compose the number named2 and the figure which must be added to the sum produced1 in order to render it divisible by #i1 is the one required4 ,thus ,suppose the given number to be #geba3 ,add those together1 and #ae will be produced2 now #ae requires #c to render it divisible by #i2 and that number1 #c1 being added to #geba1 causes the same divisibility3 #geba plus #c gives #gebd1 and1 divided by #i1 gives #hcf4 ,this exercise may be diversified by your specifying1 before the sum is named1 the particular place where the figure shall be inserted1 to make the number divisible by #i2 for it is exactly the same thing1 whether the figure be put at the head of the number1 or between any two of its digits4 ,,the ,,magic ,,hundred4 ,two persons agree to take1 alternately1 numbers less than a given number1 for example1 #aa1 and to add them together till one of them has reached a certain sum1 such as #ajj4 ,by what means can one of them infallibly attain to that number before the other8 ,the whole secret in this1 consists in immediately making choice of the numbers1 #a1 #ab1 #bc1 #cd1 and so on1 or of a series which continually increases by #aa1 up to #ajj4 ,let us suppose1 that the first person1 who knows the game1 makes choice of #a2 it is evident that his adversary1 as he must count less than #aa1 can1 at most1 reach #aa1 by adding #aj to it4 ,the first will then take #a1 which will make #ab2 and whatever number the second may add1 the first will certainly win1 provided he continually add the number which forms the complement of that of his adversary1 to #aa2 that is to say1 if the latter take #h1 he must take #c2 if #i1 he must take #b2 and so on4 ,by following this method1 he will infallibly attain to #hi2 and it will then be impossible for the second to prevent him from getting first to #ajj2 for whatever number the second takes1 he can attain only to #ii2 after which the first may say--8and #a makes #ajj40 ,if the second take #a after #hi1 it would make #ij1 and his adversary would finish by saying--8and #aj make #ajj40 ,between two persons who are equally acquainted with the game1 he who begins must necessarily win4 ,,to ,,guess ,,the ,,missing ,,figure4 ,to tell the figure a person has struck out of the sum of two given numbers3--,arbitrarily command those numbers only1 that are divisible by #i2 such1 for instance1 as #cf1 #fc1 #ha1 #aag1 #abf1 #afb1 #bfa1 #cfj1 #cae1 and #dcb4 ,then let a person choose any two of these numbers2 and1 after adding them together in his mind1 strike out from the sum any one of the figures he pleases4 ,after he has so done1 desire him to tell you the sum of the remaining figures2 and it follows1 that the number which you are obliged to add to this amount1 in order to make it #i or #ah1 is the one he struck out4 ,thus3--,suppose he chooses the numbers #afb and #bfa1 making altogether #dbc1 and that he strike out the centre figure1 the two other figures will1 added together1 make #g1 which1 to make #i1 requires #b1 the number struck out4 ,,the ,,king ,,and ,,the ,,counselor4 ,a ,king being desirous to confer a liberal reward on one of his courtiers1 who had performed some very important service1 desired him to ask whatever he thought proper1 assuring him it should be granted4 ,the courtier1 who was well acquainted with the science of numbers1 only requested that the monarch would give him a quantity of wheat equal to that which would arise from one grain doubled sixty-three times successively4 ,the value of the reward was immense2 for it will be seen1 by calculation1 that the sixty-fourth term of the double progression divided by #a3 #b3 #d3 #h3 #af3 #cb3 etc41 is #ibbccgbjcfhedggehjh4 ,but the sum of all the terms of a double progression1 beginning with #a1 may be obtained by doubling the last term1 and subtracting from it #a4 ,the number of the grains of wheat1 therefore1 in the present case1 will be #ahddfgddjgcgjieeafae4 ,now1 if a pint contains #ibaf grains of wheat1 a gallon will contain #gcgbh2 and1 as eight gallons make one bushel1 if we divide the above result by eight times #gcgbh1 we shall have #cabgdiigdaabie for the number of the bushels of wheat equal to the above number of grains3 a quantity greater than what the whole earth could produce in several years4 ,,the ,,nails ,,in ,,the ,,horse',s ,,shoe4 ,a man took a fancy to a horse1 which a dealer wished to dispose of at as high a price as he could2 the latter1 to induce the man to become a purchaser1 offered to let him have the horse for the value of the twenty-fourth nail in his shoes1 reckoning one farthing for the first nail1 two for the second1 four for the third1 and so on to the twenty-fourth4 ,the man1 thinking he should have a good bargain1 accepted the offer2 the price of the horse was1 therefore1 necessarily great4 ,by calculating as before1 the twenty-fourth term of the progression #a 3 #b 3 #d 3 #h3 etc41 will be found to be #hchhfjh1 equal to the number of farthings the purchaser gave for the horse2 the price1 therefore amounted to #hgch4 #bs4 #h;d4 ,,the ,,dinner ,,party ,,puzzle4 ,a club of seven agreed to dine together every day successively as long as they could sit down to table in different order4 ,how many dinners would be necessary for that purpose8 ,it may be easily found1 by the rules already given1 that the club must dine together #ejdj times1 before they would exhaust all the arrangements possible1 which would require about thirteen years4 ,,basket ,,and ,,stones4 ,if a hundred stones be placed in a straight line1 at the distance of a yard from each other1 the first being at the same distance from a basket1 how many yards must the person walk who engages to pick them up1 one by one1 and put them into the basket8 ,it is evident that1 to pick up the first stone1 and put it into the basket1 the person must walk two yards2 for the second1 he must walk four2 for the third1 six2 and so on1 increasing by two1 to the hundredth4 ,the number of yards which the person must walk1 will be equal to the sum of the progression1 #b1 #d1 #f1 etc41 the last term of which is #bjj1 7#bb74 ,but the sum of the progression is equal to #bjb1 the sum of the two extremes1 multiplied by #ej1 or half the number of terms3 that is to say1 #aj1ajj yards1 which makes more than #e miles4 ,,living ,,pictures4 ,there are few better amusements for a large party in the same house1 with plenty of time on their hands1 than the organization of ,tableaux vivants4 ,tableaux1 to be successfully represented1 demand quite as much attention to detail1 and scarcely less careful rehearsal1 than a theatrical performance4 ,the first element of success is a competent stage manager4 ,his artistic taste should be beyond all question1 and his will should be law among the members of his corps4 ,the essentials of a 8living picture0 are very much the same as those of a picture of the inanimate description1 viz41 form1 color1 and arrangement4 ,if1 therefore1 you can secure for the office of stage manager a gentleman of some artistic skill1 by all means do so1 as his technical knowledge will be found of the greatest possible service4 ,before proceeding to plan your series of pictures1 it will be necessary to provide the 8frame0 in which they are to be exhibited4 ,if the room which you propose to use has folding-doors1 they will of course be used4 ,a curtain1 preferably of some dark color1 should be hung on each side1 and a lambrequin1 or valance1 across the top4 ,where circumstances admit1 the directions we give elsewhere as to the construction of a stage and proscenium for private theatricals1 may be followed with advantage4 ,in any case1 a piece of fine gauze should be carefully stretched over the whole length and depth of the opening4 ,this is found1 by producing softer outlines1 materially to enhance the pictorial effect4 ,if it is practicable to have a raised stage1 it will be found a great addition4 ,where this cannot be arranged1 it is well to place a board1 six inches in width1 and covered with the same material as the rest of the frame1 across the floor 7on edge7 from side to side1 in the position which the footlights would ordinarily occupy4 ,the next consideration will be the curtain4 ,the ordinary domestic curtains1 hung by rings from a rod or pole1 and opening in the middle1 will serve as a makeshift2 but where a really artistic series of tableaux is contemplated1 the regular stage-curtain of green baize is decidedly to be preferred4 ,the question of 8background0 will be the next point to be attended to4 ,tableaux vivants may be divided into two classes1 the dramatic1 i4 e41 representing some incident1 e4 g41 a duel1 or a trial in a court of justice2 and the simply artistic1 viz41 such as portray merely a group1 allegorical or otherwise1 without reference to any particular plot or story4 ,for the former1 an appropriate scene is required1 varying with each tableau represented2 for the latter1 all that is necessary is a simple background of drapery1 of such a tone of color as to harmonize with1 and yet to give full prominence to1 the group of actors4 ,the material of the latter1 as also the covering of the floor1 should be of woolen or velvet1 so as to absorb rather than reflect light4 ,a lustrous background1 as of satin or glazed calico1 will completely destroy the effect of an otherwise effective tableau4 ,the lighting is a point of very considerable importance--the conditions appropriate to an ordinary theatrical performance being here reversed4 ,in an ordinary dramatic performance all shadow is a thing to be avoided1 the point aimed at being to secure a strong bright light1 uniformly distributed over the stage4 ,in a tableau vivant1 on the contrary1 the skilful manipulation of light and shade is a valuable aid in producing artistic effect4 ,footlights should1 in this case1 either be dispensed with altogether1 or at any rate used very sparingly1 the stronger light coming from one or the other side4 ,a good deal of experiment1 and some little artistic taste1 will be necessary to attain the right balance in this particular4 ,where gas is available1 it will afford the readiest means of illumination4 ,what is called 8string-light10 viz41 a piece of gaspipe with fishtail burners at frequent intervals1 connected with the permanent gas arrangements of the house by a piece of india-rubber tube1 and fixed in a vertical position behind each side of the temporary proscenium1 will be found very effective2 one or the other set of lights being turned up as may be necessary4 ,where a green or red light is desired1 the interposition of a strip of glass of that color1 or of a 8medium0 of red or green silk or tammy1 will give the necessary tone4 ,colored fires are supplied for the same purpose1 but are subject to the drawback of being somewhat odoriferous in combustion4 ,where1 as is sometimes the case1 a strong white light is required1 this may be produced by burning the end of a piece of magnesium wire in the flame of an ordinary candle4 ,these points being disposed of1 costume and make-up will be the next consideration4 ,as to the latter1 the reader will find full instructions in the chapter devoted to private theatricals4 ,with respect to costume1 as the characters are only seen for a few moments1 and in one position1 this point may be dealt with in a much more rough-and-ready manner than would be advisable in the case of a regular dramatic performance4 ,the royal crown need only be golden--the royal robe need only be trimmed with ermine--on the side toward the spectators2 indeed1 the proudest of sovereigns1 from the audience point of view1 may1 as seen from the rear1 be the humblest of citizens4 ,even on the side toward the spectators a great deal of 8make-believe0 is admissible4 ,seen through the intervening gauze1 the cheapest cotton velvet is equal to the richest silk2 glazed calico takes the place of satin2 and even the royal ermine may be admirably simulated by tails of black worsted stitched on a ground of flannel4 ,laces may be manufactured from cut paper1 and a dollar's worth of tinsel will afford jewels for a congress of sovereigns4 ,of course1 there is not the least objection to his wearing a crown of the purest gold1 or diamonds of the finest possible water 7if he can get them71 but they will not look one whit more effective than the homely substitutes we have mentioned4 ,a 8ghost effect0 may1 where necessary1 be produced by the aid of a magic lantern2 the other lights of the tableau being lowered in order to give sufficient distinctness to the reflection4 ,dramatic tableaux may often be exhibited with advantage in two or more 8scenes20 the curtain being lowered for a moment in order to enable the characters to assume a fresh position4 ,examples of this will be found among the tableaux which follow4 ,having indicated the general arrangements of tableaux vivants1 we append1 for the reader's assistance1 a selection of effective subjects1 both simply pictorial1 and dramatic4 ,i4 ,,dignity ,,and ,,impudence4 7,with background of plain drapery1 remaining unchanged47 ,a magnificent flunkey1 in a gorgeous suit of livery1 standing 7with left hand on hip1 right hand in breast71 side by side with a very small and saucy 8boy in buttons10 upon whom he looks down superciliously4 ,boy with both hands in trouser-pockets1 and gazing up at his companion with an expression of impertinent familiarity4 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,fortune-,,teller4 ,a pretty girl1 in simple outdoor costume1 standing sideways to the spectators1 with downcast eyes1 and a half-smiling1 half-frightened expression4 ,the fortune-teller faces her1 and holds the young lady's right hand in her left1 while her own right holds a coin with which she is apparently tracing the lines of the young lady's palm1 at the same time gazing with an arch expression into her face1 as though to note the effect of her predictions4 ,the fortune-teller should be in gipsy costume1 a short1 dark skirt1 and a hood of some brighter material thrown carelessly over her head4 ,she should be of a swarthy complexion1 with a good deal of color1 and jet-black hair4 ,,iii4 ,,faith4 ,a large cross1 apparently of white marble 7really of deal1 well washed with whitening and size7 occupies a diagonal position across the centre of the stage1 facing slightly towards the left4 ,its base or plinth is formed of two or three successive platforms or steps of the same material4 ,at the foot a woman kneels1 clasping her arms around the cross1 as though she had just thrown herself into that position in escaping from some danger4 ,her gaze should be directed upwards4 ,a loose brown robe and hood1 the latter thrown back off the head1 will be the most appropriate costume4 ,magnesium light from above4 ,,iv4 ,,hope4 ,a female figure1 clothed in sober gray1 and seated on a very low stool1 facing ,r41 and gazing heavenwards4 7,if a 8sky0 background is procurable1 a single star should be visible1 and should be the object of her gaze47 ,her right elbow rests upon her right knee1 and her right hand supports her chin4 ,her left hand hangs by her side1 and at her feet lies the emblematic anchor4 ,red light1 not too strong4 ,v4 ,,charity4 ,a ragged boy1 barefooted1 and clasping a worn-out broom1 sits huddled on the ground ,l41 but facing ,r4 ,his arms are folded and rest on his knees1 and his head is bent down upon them1 so as to hide his face4 ,a girl1 in nun's costume1 is touching him on the shoulder1 and apparently proffering help and sympathy4 ,,vi4 ,,single ,,life4 ,scene1 a tolerably well-furnished but untidy sitting-room1 with numerous traces of bachelor occupation1 such as crossed foils on the wall1 a set of boxing-gloves under a side-table2 boots1 hats1 and walking-sticks lying about in various directions4 ,on one corner of the table some one has apparently breakfasted in rather higgledy-piggledy fashion4 ,near the table sits a young man1 with a short pipe in his mouth1 and one foot bare1 while he is endeavoring to darn an extremely dilapidated sock4 ,,vii4 ,,the ,,sailor',s ,,farewell4 ,scene1 a cottage home4 ,a young man1 in sailor costume1 and with a bundle on his shoulder1 stands with his right hand on the latch of the door1 ,r4,c41 but looking back with a sorrowful expression at his wife 7personated by a young lady in short black or blue skirt1 red or white blouse1 and white mob-cap71 who sits with her apron up to her eyes in an apparent agony of grief4 ,three children are present1 the two elder crying for sympathy1 the youngest sitting in a crib or cradle1 and amusing himself with some toy1 in apparent unconsciousness of his father's approaching departure4 ,soft blue light from ,l4 ,music1 8,the ,minstrel ,boy40 ,,viii4 ,,home ,,again4 ,the same scene4 ,children a couple of years older4 7,this may be effected by suppressing the youngest1 and introducing a fresh eldest1 as much like the others as possible47 ,the sailor of the last scene1 slightly more tanned1 and with a fuller1 8made-up0 beard1 has apparently just entered4 ,the wife has both arms round his neck1 her face being hidden in his bosom4 ,of the children1 the eldest has seized and is kissing her father's hand1 while the two younger each cling round one leg4 ,soft red light4 ,music1 8,a ,lass that ,loves a ,sailor10 or 8,when ,johnny comes ,marching ,home ,again40 ,,various ,,tableaux4 ,we have not space to give the complete mise en scne of a larger number of tableaux1 but subjoin a list of favorite subjects1 leaving their actual arrangement to the taste and intelligence of the reader4 ,it will usually be safe to follow the hints in good illustrations4 8,choosing the ,wedding ,gown40 ,a charming scene1 after ,mulready1 from the 8,vicar of ,wakefield40 8,william ,penn ,signing the ,treaty with the ,indians40 8,scene from #8,pickwick4'0 ,mr4 ,pickwick1 with ,mrs4 ,bardell in his arms1 surprised by his four friends1 whose countenances are just visible in the open door-way4 ,see illustrations to 8,pickwick ,papers40 8,the ,drunkard's ,home10 8,signing the ,pledge40 8,the ,temperance ,home40 ,see some good illustrations4 8,mary ,queen of ,scots and the ,four ,maries40 8,mr4 ,pecksniff ,dismissing ,tom ,pinch40 8,the ,song of the ,shirt40 8,little ,red ,riding-,hood40 8,the ,duel from the #8,corsican ,brothers4'0 8,hlose in her ,cell40 8,william ,tell ,shooting the ,apple from his ,son's ,head40 ,etc41 etc41 etc4 ,,the ,,waxworks ,,gallery4 ,this capital form of amusement has attained great and deserved popularity4 ,it shares with ,living ,pictures the merit of giving employment to several performers at once1 and has the special advantage of being far more easily organized4 ,the idea is that of a ,waxwork ,exhibition1 the characters being personated1 after a burlesque fashion1 by living performers4 ,each 8figure0 is first duly described by the exhibitor1 and then 8wound up10 and made to go through certain characteristic movements4 ,the collection is supposed to be that of the far-famed ,mrs4 ,jarley1 of 8,old ,curiosity ,shop0 celebrity4 ,she may be assisted1 if thought desirable1 by 8,little ,nell10 and a couple of man-servants1 ,john and ,peter4 ,the costume of ,mrs4 ,jarley is a black or chintz dress1 bright shawl1 and huge bonnet2 that of ,little ,nell may be a calico dress1 and white apron1 with hat slung over her arm4 ,john and ,peter may be dressed in livery suits1 and should be provided with a watchman's rattle1 screw-driver1 hammer1 nails1 and oil-can4 ,at the rise of the curtain the figures are seen ranged in a semicircle at the back of the stage1 and ,little ,nell is discovered dusting them with a long feather brush4 ,mrs4 ,jarley stands in front1 and delivers her descriptive orations1 directing her men to bring forward each figure before she describes it4 ,after having been duly described1 the figure is 8wound0 up1 and goes through its peculiar movement1 and when it stops it is moved back to its place4 ,if the stage is small1 or it is desired that the same actors shall appear in various characters in succession1 the figures may be exhibited in successive groups or compartments1 the curtain being lowered to permit one party to retire1 and another to take their places4 ,after the whole of the figures of a given chamber have been described1 the assistants wind them all up1 and they go through their various movements simultaneously1 to a pianoforte accompaniment1 which should gradually grow faster1 coming at last to a sudden stop1 when the figures become motionless1 and the curtain falls4 ,if it is found impracticable to procure a lady to deliver the descriptions effectively1 ,mrs4 ,jarley may be made a silent character1 sitting on one side1 and occasionally making believe to dust or arrange a figure1 while the 8patter0 is delivered by a male exhibitor4 ,or ,mrs4 ,jarley may1 if preferred1 be suppressed altogether1 and the exhibitor appear as 7say7 ,artemus ,ward1 or in ordinary evening costume1 without assuming any special character4 ,a good deal of fun may be made of the supposed tendency of any particular figure to tip over1 and the application1 by ,john and ,peter1 of wooden wedges1 penny pieces1 etc41 under its feet to keep it upright4 ,supposed defective working1 causing the figure to stop suddenly in the middle of its movement1 and involving the re-winding or oiling of its internal mechanism1 will also produce a good deal of amusement4 ,the 8winding up0 may be done with a bed-winch1 a bottle-jack key1 or the winch of a kitchen range1 the click of the mechanism being imitated by means of a watchman's rattle1 or by the even simpler expedient of drawing a piece of hard wood smartly along a notched stick4 7,this1 of course1 should be done out of sight of the audience47 ,the movement of the figure should be accompanied by the piano1 to a slow or lively measure1 as may be most appropriate4 ,the arrangement being complete1 and the curtain raised1 ,mrs4 ,jarley delivers her opening speech1 about as follows3-- 8,ladies and ,gentlemen1--,you here behold ,mrs4 ,jarley6 one of the most remarkable women of the world1 who has traveled all over the country with her curious ,collection of ,waxworks4 ,these figures have been gathered1 at great expense1 from every clime and country1 and are here shown together for the first time4 ,i shall describe each one of them for your benefit1 and1 after ,i have given you their history1 ,i shall have each one of them wound up1 for they are all fitted with clockwork inside1 and they can thus go through the same motions they did when living4 ,in fact1 they execute their movements so naturally that many people have supposed them to be alive2 but ,i assure you that they are all made of wood and wax2--blockheads every one4 8,without further prelude1 ,i shall now introduce to your notice each one of my figures1 beginning1 as usual1 with the last one first40 ,i4 ,,the ,,chinese ,,giant4 ,a man or woman standing on a high stool1 chintz skirt round the waist1 long enough to hide the stool1 ,chinese over-dress1 hat1 pig-tail1 and moustache4 8,this figure is universally allowed to be the tallest figure in my collection2 he originated in the two provinces of ,oolong and ,shang-high1 one province not being long enough to produce him4 ,on account of his extreme length it is impossible to give any adequate idea of him in one entertainment2 consequently he will be continued in our next4 8,he was the inventor1 projector1 and discoverer of ,niagara ,falls1 ,bunker's ,hill ,monument1 and the ,balm of ,columbia4 ,in fact1 everything was originally discovered by him or some other of the ,chinese4 ,the portrait of this person1 who was a high dignitary among them1 may be often seen depicted on a blue china plate1 standing upon a bridge1 which leans upon nothing at either end1 and intently observing two birds which are behind him in the distance4 8,john1 wind up the ,giant40 ,the ,giant bows low1 then wags his head three times1 and bows as before1 and after a dozen motions slowly stops4 8,you will observe that ,i have spared no expense in procuring wonders of every sort1 and here is my crowning effort or master-piece40 ,,ii4 ,,the ,,two-,,headed ,,girl4 8,a remarkable freak of ,nature1 which impresses the beholder with silent awe4 #8,observe the two heads and one body4' #8,see these fair faces1 each one lovelier than the other4' ,no one can gaze upon them without a double sensation #8of sorrow and of joy'--sorrow that such beauty and grace were ever united1 and joy that he has had the pleasure of contemplating their union4 8,wind them up1 ,peter40 ,this figure is made by two young ladies standing back to back wrapped in one large skirt4 ,they hold their arms out with their hands hanging1 and slowly revolve when they are wound up4 ,,iii4 ,,the ,,sewing ,,woman4 8,john1 bring out the ,sewing ,woman1 and let the ladies behold the unfortunate seamstress who died from pricking her finger with a needle while sewing on ,sunday4 ,you see that the work which she holds is stained with gore1 which drips from her finger on to the floor4 7,which is poetry67 ,this forms a sad and melancholy warning to all heads of families immediately to purchase the best sewing-machines1 for this accident never could have happened had she not been without one of those excellent machines1 as no family should be40 ,costume4--,optional4 ,when wound up the figure sews very stiffly and stops slowly4 ,,iv4 ,,captain ,,kidd ,,and ,,his ,,victim4 8,ladies and ,gentlemen1--,permit me to call your attention to this beautiful group1 which has lately been added at an enormous expense to my collection4 ,you here behold the first privateer and the first victim of his murderous propensities4 ,captain ,kidd1 the robber of the main1 is supposed to have originated somewhere down east4 ,his whole life being spent upon the stormy deep1 he amassed an immense fortune1 and buried it in the sand along the flower-clad banks of ,cape ,cod1 by which course he invented the ,savings ,banks1 now so common along shore4 ,having hidden away so much property1 which1 like so many modern investments1 never can be unearthed1 he was known as a great sea-cretur4 ,before him kneels his lovely and innocent victim1 the ,lady ,blousabella ,infantina1 who was several times taken and murdered by this bloodthirsty tyrant1 which accounts for the calm look of resignation depicted upon her lovely countenance4 8,wind 'em up1 ,john40 ,costumes4--,captain ,kidd--,white pantaloons1 blue shirt1 sailor hat1 pistol1 and sword4 ,victim4--,lady with flowing hair1 white dress4 ,movement4--,the ,captain's sword moves up and down1 and the victim's arms go in unison4 ,v4 ,,the ,,siamese ,,twins4 ,two gentlemen dressed alike in ordinary costume2 with a large bone 7attached by wire or string7 between them4 ,one arm of each over the other's neck4 ,pugnacious expression of countenance4 8,the ,wonderful ,siamese ,twins compose the next group4 ,these remarkable brothers lived together in the greatest harmony1 though there was always a bone of contention between them4 ,they were never seen apart1 such was their brotherly fondness4 ,they married young1 both being opposed to a single life4 ,the short one is not quite so tall as his brother1 although their ages are about the same4 ,one of them was born in the ,island of ,borneo1 the other on the southern extremity of ,cape ,cod40 ,when wound up they begin to fight1 continue for a moment1 and stop suddenly4 ,,vi4 ,,the ,,celebrated ,,dwarf4 ,boy with red cloak1 long white wig1 bowl and spoon4 8,this wonderful child has created some interest in the medical and scientific world1 from the fact that he was thirteen years old when he was born1 and kept on growing older and older until he died1 at the somewhat advanced age of two hundred and ninety-seven1 in consequence of eating too freely of pies and cakes1 his favorite food4 ,he measured exactly two feet and seven inches from the crown of his head to the sole of his foot1 and two feet and ten inches back again4 ,was first discovered ten miles from any land1 and twelve miles from any water1 making the enormous total of ninety-one1 which figure was never before reached by any previous exhibition4 ,wind him up1 ,john40 ,dwarf eats very stiffly with a large spoon in his right hand2 in his left hand he holds a bowl1 which falls on the floor after a moment1 and is broken4 8,john1 get your tools and screw up that dwarfs hand1 for it has become so loose that it costs a fortune for the crockery he breaks40 ,john screws up the hand1 gets a new bowl1 and again winds up the figure1 which now moves with much greater energy4 ,,vii4 ,,the ,,vocalist4 8,bring out the ,vocalist4 ,i now call your attention to the most costly of all my figures4 ,this wonderful automaton singer represents ,signorina ,squallini1 the unrivaled ,vocalist1 whose notes are current in every market1 and sway all hearts1 at her own sweet will4 8,wind her up1 and let her liquid notes pour forth40 ,she gesticulates wildly1 and sings a few notes in a very extravagant manner1 then stops with a hoarse sound4 ,mrs4 ,j4--8,john1 this figure needs oiling4 ,why do you not attend to your duties better80 ,john gets oil-can1 which he applies to each ear of the figure1 which strikes a high note1 and sings with much expression and many trills1 then makes a gurgling sound1 as if running down1 and suddenly stops again4 ,costume4--,evening dress4 ,,viii4 ,,the ,,yankee4 ,description4--,a tall1 thin man1 clean shaven but for a tuft on chin1 dressed in black1 with broad-brimmed straw hat4 ,he is seated on a low rocking-chair1 with his legs resting on the back of another chair4 ,he holds a wooden stick1 which he is whittling with a jack-knife4 8,you here behold a specimen of our irrepressible1 indomitable1 native ,yankee1 who has been everywhere1 seen everything1 and knows everybody4 ,he has explored the arid jungles of ,africa1 drawn forth the spotted cobra by his prehensile tail1 snowballed the ,russian bear on the snowy slopes of ,alpine forests1 and sold wooden nutmegs to the unsuspecting innocents of ,patagonia4 ,he has peddled patent medicines in the desert of ,sahara1 and hung his hat and carved his name on the extreme top of the ,north ,pole4 ,the only difficulty ,i find in describing him is that ,i cannot tell what he cannot do4 ,i will therefore set him in motion1 as he hates to be quiet40 ,when wound up he pushes his hat back on his head and begins to whittle4 ,,ix4 ,,the ,,cannibal4 8,here you behold a curious ,cannibal from the ,feejee ,islands1 first discovered by ,captain ,cook1 who came very near being cooked by him4 ,in that case the worthy ,captain would never have completed his celebrated voyage round the world4 ,this individual was greatly interested in the cause of foreign missions4 ,indeed1 he received the missionaries gladly1 and gave them a place near his heart4 ,he was finally converted by a very tough tract distributor1 who had been brought up in a ,bloomsbury boarding-house1 and was induced to become civilized4 ,one of his evidences of a change of life was shown by his statement that he now had but one wife1 like the ,english4 #8,what have you done with the other twelve which you said you had a month ago8' asked the tract distributor4 #8,oh1 ,i have eaten them6' replied the gentle savage4 ,this ,cannibal was very fond of children1 especially those of a tender age2 he holds in his hand a war-club1 with which he prepared his daily meals1 also a war-whoop1 which is an original one40 ,costume4--,brown jersey and drawers1 face and hands colored to match1 very short skirt1 feather head-dress1 large rings in nose and ears4 ,one hand holds a war-club1 the other a child's hoop4 ,movement4--,when wound up he brandishes his club and raises hoop to his mouth4 ,x4 ,,babes ,,in ,,the ,,wood4 ,two men1 the bigger the better1 one dressed as a very small boy1 the other as a little girl2 each holds a penny bun4 8,in the next group you behold the ,babes in the ,wood1 who had the misfortune to have an uncle4 ,this wicked man hired a villain to carry these babes away into the wood and leave them to wander until death put an end to their sorrow1 and the little robins covered them up with leaves4 ,these lifelike figures represent the children just after taking their leaves of the villain4 ,by a master stroke of genius the artist has shown very delicately that human nature is not utterly depraved1 for the villain has placed in the hand of each of the innocents a penny bun as a parting present4 ,i have been often asked #8why ,i did not have a figure of the villain also added to the group8' but my reply always is1 #8,villains are too common to be any curiosity4' 8,wind 'em up1 ,john40 ,each ,babe offers to the other a bite of bun alternately4 ,,xi4 ,,little ,,red ,,riding-,,hood4 ,a young lady carrying a basket on her arm4 ,costume in accordance with the story4 8,here you behold ,little ,red ,riding-,hood1 a model of grand-filial devotion1 for she was so fond of her granny that she wandered through the forest to take the old lady's luncheon1 and was eaten by the wolf for so doing1 which is a warning to all children to be careful how they do much for their grandmothers1 unless they are rich and can leave them something in their wills4 ,this personage was an especial favorite with children1 who love to read about her1 and shed tears over her unhappy fate1 although some of them think that had she been as smart as her dress1 she would have been too smart to have mistaken the wolf for her grandmother1 unless she had been a very homely old lady1 or he had been much better-looking than most wolves40 ,when wound up1 the figure curtseys and holds out her basket4 ,,xii4 ,,lady ,,with ,,golden ,,locks4 ,young lady1 with long fair hair1 flowing over her shoulders2 holds bottle 7labelled ,mrs4 ,blank's ,hair ,restorer7 and curling-tongs4 8,this is one of the most expensive of my costly collection1 for blonde hair is very high1 and you see how heavy and long are the golden locks which adorn her beautiful face4 ,i cannot pass this figure without saying a few words in praise of the wonderful ,hair ,restorer1 for this image had grown so bald from the effect of long journeys by road or rail that she was exhibited for two years as the ,old ,man of the ,mountain4 ,one bottle of this wonderful fluid1 however1 restored her hair to its present growth and beauty1 and a little of the fluid being accidentally spilled upon the pine box in which the figure was carried1 it immediately became an excellent hair-trunk40 ,when wound up the lady applies the hair-restorative and curls her hair4 8,you have all gazed with rapture upon my wonderful ,collection1 and your bewildered senses may now prepare for a new sensation1 as ,i am about to wind up all these beautiful and lifelike figures at once1 so that you can see them all work together in harmony4 8,john1 set all the ,waxworks going4 8,i thank you for your attention and attendance1 and cordially invite you all to come again to-morrow and see #8,jarley's ,far-famed ,waxworks4'0 ,all the figures being wound up at once go through their motions in unison4 ,,optical ,,illusions4 ,,raising ,a ,,ghost4 ,place a small magic lantern in a box large enough to contain a small swing dressing-glass1 which will reflect the light thrown on it by the lantern in such a way1 that it will pass out at the aperture made at the top of the box1 which aperture should be oval1 and of a size adapted to the cone of light to pass through it4 ,there should be a flap with hinges1 to cover the opening1 that the inside of the box may not be seen4 ,there must be holes in that part of the box which is over the lantern1 to let the smoke out2 and over this must be placed a chafing-dish1 of an oblong figure1 large enough to hold several lighted coals4 ,this chafing-dish1 for the better carrying on the deception1 may be inclosed in a painted tin box1 about a foot high1 with a hole at top1 and should stand on four feet1 to let the smoke of the lantern escape4 ,there must also be a glass planned to move up and down in the groove1 and so managed by a cord and pulley1 that it may be raised up and let down by the cord coming through the outside of the box4 ,on this glass1 the spectre 7or any other figure you please7 must be painted1 in a contracted or squat form1 as the figure will reflect a greater length than it is drawn4 ,when you have lighted the lamp in the lantern1 and placed the mirror in a proper direction1 put the box on a table1 and1 setting the chafing-dish in it1 throw some incense in powder on the coals4 ,you then open the trap door and let down the glass in the grove slowly1 and when you perceive the smoke diminish1 draw up the glass that the figure may disappear1 and shut the trap door4 ,this exhibition will afford much wonder4 ,the lights in the room must be extinguished2 and the box should be placed on a high table1 that the aperture through which the light comes out may not be seen4 ,a ,,magic ,,lantern ,,trick4 ,the light of the magic lantern1 and the color of images1 may not only be painted on a cloth1 but also reflected by a cloud of smoke4 ,provide a box of wood or pasteboard1 about four feet high1 and seven or eight inches square at bottom1 but diminishing as it ascends1 so that its aperture at top be but six inches long1 and half an inch wide4 ,at the bottom of this box there must be a door that shuts quite close1 by which you are to place in the box a chafing-dish with hot coals1 on which is to be thrown incense1 whose smoke goes out in a cloud at the top of the box3 on this cloud1 you are to throw the light that comes out of the lantern1 and which you bring into a smaller compass by drawing out the movable tube4 ,in this representation1 the motion of the smoke does not at all change the figures2 which appear so conspicuous that the spectator thinks he can grasp them with his hand4 ,in the experiment1 some of the rays passing through the smoke1 the representation will be much less vivid than on the cloth2 and if care be not taken to reduce the light to its smallest focus1 it will be still more imperfect4 ,,the ,,phantasmagoria4 ,in showing the common magic lantern1 the spectators see a round circle of light with the figures in the middle of it2 but1 in the ,phantasmagoria1 they see the figures only1 without any circle of light4 ,the exhibition is produced by a magic lantern1 placed on that side of a half transparent screen which is opposite to that on which the spectators are1 instead of being on the same side1 as in the ordinary exhibition of the magic lantern4 ,to favor the deception1 the slides are made perfectly opaque1 except in those places that contain the figures to be exhibited1 and in these light parts the glass is covered with a more or less transparent tint1 according to the effect required4 ,the easiest way is to draw the figures with water colors on thin paper1 and afterward varnish them4 ,to imitate the natural motions of the objects represented1 several pieces of glass1 placed behind each other1 are occasionally employed4 ,by removing the lantern to different distances1 and at the same time1 altering1 more or less1 the position of the lens1 the images are made to increase and diminish1 and to become more or less distinct at the pleasure of the exhibitor2 so that1 to a person unacquainted with the effect of optical instruments1 these figures appear actually to advance and recede4 ,transparent screens for the ,phantasmagoria are prepared by spreading white wax1 dissolved in spirits of wine or oil of turpentine1 over thin muslin3 a screen so prepared may be rolled up without injury4 ,a clearer screen may be produced1 by having the muslin always strained upon a rectangular frame1 and preparing it with turpentine1 instead of wax3 but such a screen is not always convenient1 and cannot be rolled without cracking1 and becoming1 in a short time useless4 ,,chinese ,,shadows4 ,cut out an aperture in a partition wall1 of any size2 for example1 four feet in length and two in breadth1 so that the lower edge may be about five feet from the floor1 and cover it with white ,italian gauze1 varnished with gum-copal4 ,provide several frames of the same size as the aperture1 covered with the same kind of gauze1 and delineate upon the gauze different figures1 such as landscapes and buildings1 analogous to the scenes which you intend to exhibit by means of small figures representing men and animals4 ,these figures are formed of pasteboard1 and their different parts are made movable1 according to the effect intended to be produced by their shadows1 when moved backward and forward behind the frames1 at a small distance from them4 ,to make them act with more facility1 small wires1 fixed to their movable parts1 are bent backward1 and made to terminate in rings1 through which the fingers of the hand are put1 while the figure is supported by the left1 by means of another iron wire4 ,in this manner they may be made to advance or recede1 and to gesticulate1 without the spectators observing the mechanism by which they are moved2 and as the shadow of these figures is not observed on the paintings till they are opposite those parts which are not strongly shaded1 they may thus be concealed1 and made to appear at the proper moments1 and others may be occasionally substituted in their stead4 ,it is necessary1 when the figures are made to act1 to speak a dialogue1 suited to their gestures1 and imitate the noise occasioned by different circumstances4 ,the paintings must be illuminated from behind by means of a reverberating lamp1 placed opposite to the centre of the painting1 and distant from it about four or five feet4 ,various amusing scenes may be represented in this manner1 by employing small figures of men and animals1 and making them move in as natural a way as possible1 which will depend on the address and practice of the person who exhibits them4 ,a ,,wonderful ,,mirror4 ,make two openings1 of a foot high1 and ten inches wide1 and about a foot distant from each other1 in the wainscoting of a wall2 let them be at the common height of a man's head2 and in each of them place a transparent glass1 surrounded with a frame1 like a common mirror4 ,behind this partition place two mirrors1 one on the outward side of each opening1 inclined to the wainscot at an angle of forty-five degrees2 let them both be eighteen inches square2 let all the space between them be enclosed by boards or pasteboard1 painted black1 and well closed1 that no light may enter2 let there be also two curtains to cover them1 which may be drawn aside at pleasure4 ,when a person looks into one of these supposed mirrors1 instead of seeing his own face he will perceive the object that is in the front of the other2 so that1 if two persons present themselves at the same time before these mirrors1 instead of each one seeing himself they will reciprocally see each other4 ,there should be a sconce with a candle or lamp placed on each side of the two glasses in the wainscot1 to enlighten the faces of the persons who look in them1 otherwise this experiment will have no remarkable effect4 ,this recreation may be considerably improved by placing the two glasses in the wainscot in adjoining rooms1 and a number of persons being previously placed in one room1 when a stranger enters the other1 you may tell him his face is dirty1 and desire him to look in the glass1 which he will naturally do2 and on seeing a strange face he will draw back2 but returning to it1 and seeing another1 another1 and another1 what his surprise will be is more easy to conceive than express4 ,when one looks in a mirror placed perpendicularly to another1 his face will appear entirely deformed4 ,if the mirror be a little inclined1 so as to make an angle of eighty degrees 7that is1 one-ninth part from the perpendicular71 he will then see all the parts of his face1 except the nose and forehead2 if it be inclined to sixty degrees 7that is1 one-third part71 he will appear with three noses and six eyes2 in short1 the apparent deformity will vary at each degree of inclination2 and when the glass comes to forty-five degrees 7that is1 half-way down71 the face will vanish4 ,if1 instead of placing the two mirrors in this situation1 they are so disposed that their junction may be vertical1 their different inclinations will produce other effects2 as the situation of the object relative to these mirrors is quite different4 ,,the ,,disappearing ,,paper4 ,attach to a dark wall a round piece of paper an inch or two in diameter1 and1 a little lower1 at the distance of two feet on each side1 make two marks2 then place yourself directly opposite to the paper1 and hold the end of your finger before your face in such a manner1 that when the right eye is open1 it shall conceal the mark on the left1 and1 when the left eye is open1 the mark on the right2 if you then look with both eyes to the end of your finger1 the paper1 which is not at all concealed by it from either of your eyes1 will1 nevertheless1 disappear4 ,,multiplied ,,money4 ,take a large drinking-glass1 of a conical form1 that is1 small at bottom and wide at top1 and1 having put into it a dime1 let it be half filled with water2 then place a plate upon the top of the glass1 and turn it quickly over1 that the water may not get out2 a piece of silver as large as half a dollar will immediately appear on the plate1 and somewhat higher up another piece of the size of a dime4 ,,sleight ,,of ,,hand4 ,,to ,,balance ,,an ,,egg4 ,lay a looking glass upon an even table2 take a fresh egg1 and shake it for some time1 so that the yolk may be broken and mixed up with the white4 ,you may then balance it on its point1 and make it stand on the glass4 ,this it would be impossible to do if the egg was in its natural state4 ,,the ,,juggler',s ,,lunch4 ,pare some large apples that are rather of a yellow tint2 cut several pieces out of them in the shape of a candle-end1 round1 of course1 at the bottom1 and square at the top2 in fact1 as much as possible like a candle that has burnt down within an inch or so4 ,then1 cut some slips out of the insides of sweet almonds1 fashion them as much in the shape of spermaceti wicks as you can1 stick them into your mock candles1 light them for an instant1 so as to make their tops black1 blow them out again1 and they are ready for use4 ,when you produce them1 light them 7the almond will readily take fire1 and flame for a few moments71 put them into your mouth1 chew and swallow them one after another4 ,,ring ,,and ,,ribbon4 ,select two pieces of ribbon1 alike in length1 breadth1 and color2 double each separately1 so that the ends meet2 then tie them together neatly1 with a bit of silk of their own color1 by the middle1 or crease made in doubling them4 ,this must all be done in advance4 ,when you are going to exhibit this trick1 pass some rings on the doubled ribbons1 and give the two ends of one ribbon to one person to hold1 and the two ends of the other to another4 ,do not let them pull hard1 or the silk will break1 and your trick be discovered by the rings falling on the ground1 on account of the separation of the ribbons4 ,request the two persons to approach each other1 and take one end from each of them1 and without their perceiving it1 return to each of them the end which the other had previously held4 ,by now giving the rings1 which appeared strung on the ribbon1 a slight pull1 you may break the silk1 and they will fall into your hand4 ,,the ,,changing ,,ball ,,trick4 ,take a ball in each hand1 and stretch your hands as far as you can1 one from the other2 then state that you will contrive to make both the balls come into either hand1 without bringing the hands near each other4 ,if any one dispute your power of doing this1 you have no more to do than to lay one ball down upon the table1 turn yourself1 and take it up with your other hand4 ,thus both the balls will be in one of your hands1 without their approaching each other4 ,a ,,sensitive ,,goblet4 ,to fill a glass with water1 so that no one may touch it without spilling all the water4 ,fill a common glass or goblet with water1 and place upon it a bit of paper1 so as to cover the water and edge of the glass2 put the palm of your hand on the paper1 and taking hold of the glass with the other1 suddenly invert it on a very smooth table1 and gently draw out the paper2 the water will remain suspended in the glass1 and it will be impossible to move the glass without spilling all the water4 ,,to ,,light ,a ,,candle ,,by ,,smoke4 ,when a candle is burnt so long as to leave a tolerably large wick1 blow it out2 a dense smoke1 which is composed of hydrogen and carbon1 will immediately arise4 ,then1 if another candle1 or lighted taper1 be applied to the utmost verge of this smoke1 a very strange phenomenon will take place2 the flame of the lighted candle will be conveyed to that just blown out1 as if it were borne on a cloud1 or1 rather1 it will seem like a mimic flash of lightning proceeding at a slow rate4 ,,the ,,magic ,,re-,,illumination4 ,after having exhibited the trick of lighting a candle by smoke1 privately put a bit of paper between your fingers1 and retire to one corner of the room with a single candle1 and pass the hand in which you hold the paper several times slowly over the candle until the paper takes fire2 then immediately blow the candle out1 and presently pass your hand over the snuff and relight it with the paper4 ,you may then crumple the paper1 at the same time extinguishing the flame1 by squeezing it suddenly1 without burning yourself4 ,if this trick be performed dextrously1 it is a very good one4 ,it is not necessary for the performance of this trick that all the other lights in the room should be extinguished2 in fact the trick is more liable to discovery in a dark room1 than in one where the candles are burning1 on account of the light thrown out by the paper while it is burning1 previous to the re-illumination4 ,,fascinated ,,by ,a ,,feather4 ,take a bird and lay it on a table2 then wave a small feather over its eyes1 and it will appear as dead1 but taking the feather away1 it will revive again4 ,let it lay hold of the stem part of the feather1 and it will twist and turn like a parrot2 you may likewise roll it about1 on the table1 just as you please4 ,,the ,,moving ,,ball4 ,roll up a piece of paper1 or other light substance1 and privately put into it any small insect1 such as a lady-bird1 or beetle2 then1 as the creature will naturally endeavor to free itself from captivity1 it will move its covering toward the edge of the table1 and when it comes there1 will immediately return1 for fear of falling2 and thus1 by moving backward and forward1 will excite much diversion to those who are ignorant of the cause4 ,,the ,,paper ,,furnace4 ,enclose a bullet in paper1 as smoothly as possible1 and suspend it above the flame of a lamp or candle2 you will soon see it melt and fall1 drop by drop1 through a hole which it will make in the paper2 but the paper1 except the hole mentioned1 will not be burnt4 ,the art of performing this trick consists in using a smooth round bullet1 and enclosing it in the paper with but few folds or uneven places4 ,,storm ,,and ,,calm4 ,pour water into a glass until it is nearly three parts full2 then almost fill it up with oil2 but be sure to leave a little space between the oil and the top of the glass4 ,tie a bit of string round the glass1 and fasten the two ends of another piece of string to it1 one on each side1 so that1 when you take hold of the middle of it to lift up the glass1 it may be about a foot from your hand4 ,now swing the glass to and fro1 and the oil will be smooth and unruffled1 while the surface of the water beneath it will be violently agitated4 ,,the ,,knotted ,,thread4 ,a good deal of amusement may be occasioned by this trick4 ,it is most frequently performed by a lady1 but the effect of it is considerably increased when it is displayed by a boy4 ,a piece of calico1 muslin1 or linen1 is taken in the left hand1 a needle is threaded in the presence of the spectators1 and the usual1 or even a double or treble knot made at the extremity of one of the ends of it4 ,the operator commences his work by drawing the needle and the thread in it quite through the linen1 notwithstanding the knot1 and continues to make several stitches in like manner successively4 ,the mode of performing this seeming wonder1 is as follows3 a bit of thread1 about a quarter of a yard long1 is turned once round the top of the middle finger of the right hand1 upon which a thimble is then placed to keep it secure4 ,this must be done privately and the thread kept concealed1 while a needle is threaded with a bit of thread of a similar length4 ,the thread in the needle must have one of its ends drawn up nearly close1 and be concealed between the forefinger and thumb2 the other should hang down nearly as long as1 and by the side of the thread1 which is fastened under the thimble1 so that these two may appear to be the two ends of the thread4 ,the end of the piece that is fastened under the thimble is then knotted1 and the performer begins to sew1 by moving his hand quickly after he has taken up the stitch4 ,it will appear as though he actually passed the knotted thread through the cloth4 ,,the ,,imps ,,of ,,the ,,bottle4 ,take three little hollow figures of glass1 an inch and a half high1 representing imps1 which may be obtained at a glass-blowers1 with a small hole in each of their legs4 ,submerge them in water in a glass bottle1 which should be about fifteen inches high1 and covered with a bladder tied over the top4 ,a small quantity of air must be left between the bladder and the surface of the water4 ,when you think fit to command the figures to go down1 press your hand hard upon the top1 and they will immediately sink2 when you would have them rise to the top1 take your hand away1 and they will float up4 ,by these means1 you may make them dance in the middle of the glass at your pleasure4 ,,the ,,bird ,,in ,,the ,,box4 ,take a box made with a false lid1 on which glue some bird-seed2 privately put a bird into it1 under the false lid2 then show it1 and it will seem to be full of seed4 ,put on the true lid1 and say1--8,i will command all the seed out of this box1 and order a living bird to appear40 ,take off the covers together1 and the bird will be seen4 ,,the ,,multiplying ,,mirror4 ,this must be performed with a looking-glass made on purpose2 the manner of making it is this3--,first1 make a hoop1 or fillet of wood or horn1 about the size of a half-dollar in circumference1 and about a quarter of an inch in thickness4 ,in the middle1 fasten a bottom of wood or brass1 and bore in it several small holes1 about the size of peas2 then open one side of this bottom1 set in a piece of crystal-glass1 and fasten it in the hoop close to the bottom4 ,take a quantity of quicksilver1 and put as much into the hoop as will cover the bottom2 then let into it another piece of crystal-glass1 fitted to it2 cement the sides1 that the quicksilver may not run out1 and the apparatus is complete4 ,one side will reflect the beholder's face as a common looking-glass2 in the other it will be multiplied according to the number of holes in the wood or brass4 ,,the ,,half-,,dollar ,,upheld4 ,privately cut the rim of the edge which is raised to protect the face of a half-dollar1 so that a little bit of the silver may stick up2 take the coin in your right hand1 and by pressing it with your thumb against a door or wainscot1 the bit that sticks up will enter the wood1 and thus support the half-dollar4 ,,the ,,bowing ,,beau4 ,make a figure1 resembling a man1 of any substance1 exceedingly light1 such as the pith of the alder tree1 which is soft1 and can easily be cut into any form3 then provide for it a hemispherical base1 of some very heavy substance1 such as the half of a leaden bullet1 made very smooth on the convex part4 ,cement the figure to the plane part of the hemisphere2 and1 in whatever position it is placed1 when left to itself1 it will rise upright4 ,the figure of a beau1 or master of the ceremonies1 is appropriate for this trick4 ,,the ,,vanishing ,,wafers4 ,on each side of a table-knife1 place1 in the presence of your company1 three wafers4 ,take the knife by the handle1 and turn it over two or three times1 to show that the wafers are all on4 ,desire some person to take off one wafer from one side of the blade2 turn the knife two or three times again1 and there will appear only two wafers on each side2 remove another wafer1 turn the knife as before1 and there will appear only one wafer on each side2 take the third wafer away1 turn the knife as before twice or thrice1 and there will appear to be no wafer on either side4 ,after a momentary pause1 turn the knife again two or three times1 and three wafers will appear on each side4 ,the secret of this capital trick consists in using wafers of the same size and color1 and turning the knife1 so that the same side is constantly presented to the view1 and the wafers are taken off that side1 one by one4 ,the three wafers will thus remain untouched on the other side1 so that when you have first made it appear that there are no wafers on either side1 you may1 apparently1 show three on each1 by the same means4 ,the way to turn the knife is as follows3 when you lift it up1 turn it in your hand1 with your finger and thumb1 completely round1 until the side that was uppermost when you lifted it1 comes uppermost again4 ,this is done in an instant1 and is not perceptible1 if adroitly managed4 ,,the ,,cut ,,lace ,,joined4 ,conceal a piece of lace in your hand2 then produce another piece of the same pattern2 double the latter1 and put the fold between your forefinger and thumb1 with the piece which you have previously concealed1 doubled in the same manner2 pull out a little of the latter1 so as to make a loop1 and desire one of the company to cut it asunder4 ,if you have conveyed the concealed piece of lace so dexterously as to be undetected1 with the other between your thumb and forefinger1 the spectators will1 naturally enough think you have really cut the latter2 which you may seem to make whole again1 while repeating some conjuring words1 and putting away the two ends of the piece that is actually cut4 ,,vanishing ,,dime4 ,stick a little wax upon your thumb1 take a bystander by the fingers1 show him a dime1 and tell him you will put the same into his hand2 then wring it down hard with your waxed thumb1 and1 using many words1 look him in the face2 suddenly take away your thumb1 and the coin will adhere to it2 then close his hand2 it will seem to him that the dime remains2 now tell him to open his hand1 and1 if you perform the feat cleverly1 to his great astonishment1 he will find nothing in it4 ,,the ,,adhesive ,,stick4 ,this feat has astonished crowds of spectators4 ,it was one of the favorites of a late popular professor1 and is now first promulgated4 ,before you perform it in public1 you must practice it1 until you are quite perfect1 in private1 for it would be a pity to spoil its effect by making a blunder in it4 ,begin by stating very seriously1 what is a well-known fact1 that if a bucket full of water be hurled round his head by a man1 who is sufficiently strong1 none of the water will fall out4 ,if this be at all discredited1 be prepared not only to support your assertion1 but to carry the point still further by placing a tumbler full of any liquid in the inside of a broad hoop1 which you hold in your hand by a small piece of string fixed to it1 and twirling it round at your side4 ,if you do this with velocity1 although the tumbler1 in the circles made by the hoop1 is frequently quite bottom upward1 it will neither fall from the hoop1 nor will any of the water be spilt4 ,to do this1 however1 requires even more practice than the trick which it prefaces2 as1 although there is no difficulty in it while the hoop is in rapid motion1 yet there is some danger until you are rendered expert by practice1 of the tumbler's falling1 when you begin to put the hoop in motion1 and when you wish to stop it4 ,if1 therefore1 you are not perfectly capable of doing it1 state the fact only1 which some or other of your auditors will most probably support1 as it is pretty generally known4 ,you now go on to say1 that the air1 under the water in the glass1 when it is topsy-turvey1 keeps it in2 and that upon the same principle1 if you can turn your hand1 upon which you place a piece of thin wood 7about one inch broad1 and six inches long71 sufficiently quick1 although the back be uppermost1 the air will actually keep the wood up against the palm of your hand1 without any support4 ,this they will be readily inclined to believe4 ,they will1 however1 doubt your being possessed of sufficient manual dexterity to perform it quick enough4 ,we must now tell you how it is to be done3--,lay the piece of wood across the palm of your left hand1 which keep wide open1 with the thumb and all the fingers far apart1 lest you be suspected of supporting the wood with them4 ,next1 take your left wrist in your right hand1 and grasp it tightly1 for the purpose1 as you state1 of giving the hand more steadiness4 ,now1 suddenly turn the back of your left hand uppermost1 and1 as your wrist moves in your right hand1 stretch out the forefinger of your right hand1 and as soon as the wood comes undermost1 support it with such forefinger4 ,you may now shake the hand1 and1 after a moment or two1 suffer the wood to drop4 ,it is two to one but the spectators will admit it to be produced by the action of the air1 as you had previously stated1 and try to do it themselves2 but1 of course1 they must1 unless you have performed the feat so awkwardly as to be discovered1 fail in its performance4 ,if you have no objection to reveal the secret1 you can do it again1 and1 while they are gravely philosophizing upon it1 suddenly lift up your hand and expose the trick4 ,this will1 doubtless1 create much amusement4 ,observe that in doing this feat1 you must keep your fingers so low1 that no one can see the palm of your left hand2 and move your finger so carefully1 that its action may not be detected2 and if it be not1 you may rest satisfied that its absence from round the wrist of the left hand will not be discovered1 some of the fingers being naturally supposed to be under the coat2 so that1 if the spectators only see two or even one1 they will imagine the others are beneath the cuff4 ,there is one other observation necessary before we conclude2 it is this1 when you have turned your hand over1 do not keep the stick too long upheld1 lest the spectators should take hold of your hands1 and discover the trick2 before their astonishment has ceased1 adroitly remove your forefinger1 and suffer the stick to fall to the ground4 ,,the ,,magic ,,thread4 ,take two pieces of thread1 one foot in length each2 roll one of them round1 like a small pea1 which put between your left forefinger and thumb4 ,now1 hold the other out at length1 between the forefinger and thumb of each hand2 then let some one cut the same asunder in the middle2 when that is done1 put the tops of your two thumbs together1 so that you may1 with less suspicion1 receive the thread which you hold in your right hand into your left1 without opening your left finger and thumb4 ,then1 holding these two pieces as you did before1 let them be cut asunder in the middle also1 and conveyed again as before1 until they be very short2 then roll all the ends together1 and keep that ball of thread before the other in the left hand1 and with a knife1 thrust the same into a candle1 where you may hold it until it be burnt to ashes2 pull back the knife with your right hand1 and leave the ashes1 with the other ball1 between your forefinger and thumb of your left hand1 and with the two thumbs and forefingers together1 rub the ashes1 and at length1 draw out that thread which has been all this time between your forefinger and thumb4 ,,the ,,long ,,pudding4 ,the following is a famous feat among those mountebanks who travel the country with quack doctors4 ,this pudding must be made of twelve or thirteen little tin hoops1 so as to fall one through another1 and little holes should be made at the biggest end1 so that it may not hurt your mouth2 hold it privately in your left hand1 with the hole end uppermost1 and1 with your right hand1 take a ball out of your pocket1 and say1 8if there be any old lady that is out of conceit with herself1 because her neighbors deem her not so young as she would be thought1 let her come to me1 for this ball is a certain remedy20 then seem to put the ball into your left hand1 but let it slip into your lap1 and clap your pudding into your mouth1 which will be thought to be the ball that you showed them2 then decline your head1 open your mouth1 and the pudding will slip down to its full length2 with your right hand you may strike it into your mouth again2 after having done this three or four times1 you may discharge it into your hand1 and put it into your pocket without any suspicion1 by making three or four wry faces after it1 as though it had been too large for your throat4 ,,the ,,changeable ,,watch4 ,borrow a watch from any person in company1 and request the whole to stand round you4 ,hold the watch up to the ear of the first in the circle1 and command it to go2 then demand his testimony to the fact4 ,remove it to the ear of the next1 and enjoin it to stop2 make the same request to that person1 and so on throughout the entire party4 ,explanation4 ,you must take care1 in borrowing the watch1 that it be a good one1 and goes well4 ,conceal in your hand a piece of loadstone which1 so soon as you apply it to the watch1 will occasion a suspension of the movements1 which a subsequent shaking and withdrawing of the magnet will restore4 ,for this purpose1 keep the magnet in one hand and shift the watch alternately from one hand to the other4 ,,the ,,vanishing ,,ring4 ,you may cause a ring to shift from one hand to another1 and make it go on any finger required on the other hand1 while somebody holds both your arms1 in order to prevent communication between them by attending to these instructions3--,desire some lady in company to lend you a gold ring1 recommending her1 at the same time1 to make a mark on it1 that she may know it again4 ,have a gold ring of your own1 which fasten by a small piece of catgut-string1 to a watch-barrel1 and sew it to the left sleeve of your coat4 ,take the ring that is given you in your right hand2 then putting1 with dexterity1 the other ring fastened to the watch-barrel1 near the entrance of your sleeve1 draw it privately to the fingers' ends of your left hand4 ,during this operation1 hide the ring that has been lent to you between the fingers of your right hand1 and fasten it dexterously on a little hook1 sewed for the purpose1 on your waistcoat1 and hidden by your coat4 ,after that show your ring1 which hold in your left hand2 then ask the company on which finger of the other hand they wish it to pass4 ,during this interval1 and as soon as the answer has been given1 put the before-mentioned finger on the little hook1 in order to slip the ring on it2 at that moment let go the other ring1 by opening your fingers4 ,the spring which is in the watch-barrel1 being confined no longer1 will contract1 and make the ring slip under the sleeve1 without anybody perceiving it1 not even those who hold your arms2 as their attention will be occupied to prevent your hands from communicating4 ,after this operation1 show the assembly that the ring is come on the other hand2 and make them remark that it is the same that had been lent to you1 or that the mark is right4 ,much dexterity must be made use of to succeed in this entertaining trick1 that the deception may not be suspected4 ,,the ,,handkerchief ,,trick4 ,this feat1 strange as it appears1 is very simple2 the performer must have a confederate1 who has two handkerchiefs of the same quality1 and with the same mark1 one of which he throws upon the table1 to perform the feat with4 ,the performer takes care to put this handkerchief uppermost in making a bundle1 though he affects to mix them together promiscuously4 ,the person1 whom he desires to draw one of the handkerchiefs1 naturally takes that which comes first to hand4 ,the performer then desires to shake them again to embellish the operation2 but in so doing1 takes care to bring the right handkerchief uppermost1 and carefully fixes upon some simpleton to draw2 and if he find the person is not likely to take the first that comes to hand1 he prevents him from drawing by fixing upon another1 under pretence of his having a more sagacious look4 ,when the handkerchief is torn1 and carefully folded up1 it is put under a glass upon a table placed near a partition4 ,on that part of the table on which the handkerchief is deposited1 is a little trap1 which opens and lets it fall into a drawer4 ,the confederate1 concealed behind the curtain1 passes his hand under the table1 opens the trap1 and substitutes the second handkerchief for the first4 ,he then shuts the trap1 which so exactly fits the hole it closes1 as to deceive the eyes of the most incredulous4 ,if the performer be not possessed of such a table1 he must have a second handkerchief in his pocket1 and change it by sleight of hand4 ,,the ,,canary ,,in ,,the ,,egg4 ,separate an egg in the middle1 as neatly as possible2 empty it1 and then with a fine piece of paper and a little glue1 join the two halves together1 having first put a live canary bird inside it1 which will continue unhurt in it for sometime1 provided you make a small pin-hole in the shell to supply the bird with air2 have also1 a whole egg in readiness4 ,present the two eggs for one to be chosen2 put the egg1 which contains the bird1 next to the person who is to choose1 and1 for this purpose1 be sure to select a lady2 she naturally chooses the nearest to her1 because1 having no idea of the trick to be performed1 there is no apparent reason to take the further one at any rate1 if the wrong one be taken1 you do not fail in the trick1 for you break the egg1 and say3 8,you see that this egg is fair and fresh1 madam1 so you would have found the other1 if you had chosen it4 ,now1 do you choose to find in it a mouse1 or a canary-bird80 ,she naturally declares for the bird2 nevertheless1 if she ask for the mouse1 there are means to escape3 you ask the same question of several ladies1 and gather the majority of votes1 which1 in all probability1 will be in favor of the bird1 which you then produce4 ,,the ,,money ,,box ,,trick4 ,a piece of money1 or a ring1 is put into a box1 in the presence of a person who holds it2 the operator stands at a distance1 and bids him shake the box gently1 and the piece is heard to rattle inside2 he is desired again to shake it1 and then it is not heard to rattle2 the third time1 it is again heard1 but the fourth time it is gone1 and is found in the shoe of one of the company4 ,the box must be made on purpose1 in such a manner that1 in shaking it gently up and down1 the piece within is heard2 on the contrary1 shaking it hard1 horizontally1 a little spring1 which falls on the piece1 prevents it from being heard1 which makes you imagine it is not within4 ,he who performs the trick1 then touches the box1 under pretence of showing how to shake it1 and1 although it is locked1 he easily gets out the piece by means of a secret opening1 availing himself of that minute to put in a false piece1 and to leave the box with the same person1 whom he causes to believe that the piece is or is not within1 according to the manner the box is shaken3 at length1 the original piece is found in the shoe of one of the company1 either by means of the person being found in confederacy1 and having a similar piece1 or by sending another to slip it on the floor4 ,in this last case1 it is found on the floor1 and the person fixed on is persuaded that it fell from his shoe as he was taking it off4 ,a ,,startling ,,metamorphosis4 ,take a few nut-galls1 bruise them to a very fine powder1 which strew nicely upon a towel2 then put a little brown copperas into a basin of water2 this will soon dissolve1 and leave the water perfectly transparent4 ,after any person has washed in this water1 and wiped with the towel on which the galls have been strewn1 his hands and face will immediately become black2 but1 in a few days1 by washing with soap1 they will again become clean4 ,this trick is too mischievous for performance4 ,a ,,volcano ,,under ,,water4 ,take one ounce of saltpetre2 three ounces of powder2 of sulphurvivuix1 three ounces2 beat1 sift1 and mix them well together2 fill a pasteboard1 or paper mould1 with the composition1 and it will burn under the water till quite spent4 ,few persons will believe that this can be done before they have seen it tried4 ,,the ,,magic ,,spoon4 ,put four ounces of bismuth into a crucible1 and when in a state of complete fusion1 throw in two ounces and a half of lead1 and one ounce and a half of tin2 these metals will combine1 and form an alloy fusible in boiling water4 ,mould the alloy into bars1 and take them to a silversmith to be made into tea-spoons4 ,place one of them in a saucer1 at a tea-table1 and the person who uses it will not be a little astonished to find it melt away as soon as he puts it into the hot tea4 ,,magic ,,dyes4 ,dissolve indigo in diluted sulphuric acid1 and add to it an equal quantity of solution of carbonate of potass4 ,if a piece of white cloth be dipped in this mixture1 it will be changed to blue2 yellow cloth1 in the same mixture1 may be changed to green2 red to purple2 and blue litmus paper be turned to red4 ,,incombustible ,,paper4 ,dip a sheet of paper in strong alum-water1 and when dry1 repeat the process2 it will be better still1 if you dip and dry it a third time4 ,after this1 you may put it in the flame of a candle1 and it will not burn4 ,,visible ,,and ,,invisible ,,portraits4 ,these are performed with ,french chalk1 a natural production of the earth1 7sold in most oil-shops17 of a greasy1 but extraordinary nature4 ,it is made use of to draw portraits upon looking-glasses2 which may be made visible and invisible1 alternately1 by breathing on and wiping off1 and they will so continue for many months4 ,the lines will appear very distinct where the glass is strongly breathed on1 and disappear entirely when it is wiped dry again4 ,,the ,,dancing ,,egg4 ,boil an egg hard1 and peel off a small piece of the shell at one end2 then thrust in a quill filled with quicksilver1 and sealed at each end4 ,as long as the egg remains warm1 it will not cease to dance about4 ,,to ,,put ,,an ,,egg ,,in ,a ,,bottle4 ,you may make an egg enter a bottle without breaking1 by steeping it in strong vinegar for some time2 the vinegar will so soften the shell1 that it will bend and extend lengthways without breaking2 when put in cold water1 it will resume its former figure and hardness4 ,,the ,,ice ,,candle4 ,cover a small portion of the upper end of a tallow candle with paper1 and give the remainder of it a coat of fine coal and powdered sulphur1 mixed together2 dip it in water1 and expose it to the air during a hard frost1 and a slight coat of ice will form round it1 which may be1 subsequently1 rendered thicker1 in proportion to the number of immersions and exposure to the air which it receives4 ,when it arrives at a sufficient consistency1 take off the paper1 light the upper end of the candle1 and it will burn freely4 ,,the ,,changing-,,colored ,,ribbon4 ,dip a rose-colored ribbon in nitric acid1 diluted with eight or ten parts of water1 and as soon as the color disappears1 which it will do in a short time1 take out the ribbon1 and put it into a very weak alkaline solution2 the alkali will quickly neutralize the acid1 and the color will then reappear4 ,,consulting ,,the ,,oracle4 ,some amusement may be obtained among young people1 by writing1 with common ink1 a variety of questions1 on different bits of paper1 and adding a pertinent reply to each1 written with nitro-muriate of gold4 ,the collection is suffered to dry1 and put aside until an opportunity offers for using them4 ,when produced1 the answers will be invisible2 you desire different persons to select such questions as they may fancy1 and take them home with them2 you then promise1 that if they are placed near the fire1 during the night1 answers will appear written beneath the questions in the morning2 and such will be the fact1 if the papers be put in any dry1 warm situation4 ,,the ,,witch',s ,,cave4 ,write several questions and answers on paper2 for the answers1 instead of nitro-muriate of gold1 you may use the juice of a citron1 or an onion4 ,let any of the questions be chosen by a party1 and placed in a box1 which may be called 8,the ,witch's ,cave40 ,this box must be furnished with a piece of hot iron1 beneath a false bottom of tin2 when the paper is put in it1 the heat will cause the answer to appear2 you then take it out1 show it to the person who made choice of the question1 and1 as soon as it is read1 put it aside2 the answer will vanish when the paper becomes cold again4 ,,the ,,four ,,elements4 ,take a glass tube1 about the thickness of a man's finger1 and securely seal one end of it4 ,mark it1 all round1 with four equal divisions4 ,introduce mercury1 sufficient to fill the space below the first mark2 a solution of sub-carbonate of potass for the second division2 white spirit1 to which a blue tint is imparted1 for the third2 and turpentine1 colored red1 for the fourth4 ,after these preparations are completed1 close up and seal the mouth of the tube1 and you may then give a fanciful exhibition of chaos and the four elements4 ,shake the tube1 and you will mix all the contents together1 and this mixture will represent chaos2 in a short time1 if the tube be not removed1 all the ingredients will separate1 and each go to its allotted division1 placing itself according to its specific gravity1 in comparison with the others2 the contents of the upper division1 which is red1 will represent fire2 the next1 which has a blue tint1 air2 the third1 which is colorless1 water2 and the lower one1 earth4 ,,phosphoric ,,oyster ,,shells4 ,take some very thick oyster shells1 and cover them with some burning coals2 in half an hour take them carefully out of the fire1 and it will be only necessary to expose them to the light for a few minutes to be convinced that they have become phosphorescent4 ,in fact1 if put in a dark place1 they shed a light accompanied by the greater part of the prismatic colors4 ,if the calcination be made in a closed crucible1 the colors will be less brilliant4 ,if the crucible be of lead1 the parts that have come into contact with it will yield a reddish light2 if a few bits of steel be strewed about the crucible1 the phosphorescence will be more lively2 but if some flat pieces of coal be used instead of steel1 the colors will be more beautiful1 particularly the blue1 red1 and green4 ,,flaming ,,phosphorus4 ,by compressing a bit of phosphorus between two pieces of wood1 it will inflame4 ,the same effect may be produced by the friction of one piece of phosphorus against another4 ,a ,,mask ,,of ,,flame4 ,take six parts of oil of olives and one of phosphorus1 suffer them to digest well together1 and preserve the solution1 which1 in the dark1 will become luminous4 ,an experiment that is considered amusing may be performed by closing the eyes and lightly passing a sponge1 dipped in this solution1 over the face and hands1 which will then1 in the dark1 appear covered with a light bluish flame4 ,this trick is not at all dangerous4 ,a ,,miniature ,,river ,,on ,,fire4 ,let fall a few drops of phosphorized ether on a lump of loaf sugar1 place the sugar in a glass of warm water1 and a very beautiful appearance will be instantly exhibited2 the effect will be increased1 if the surface of the water1 by blowing gently with the breath1 be made to undulate4 ,,the ,,illuminator ,,and ,,extinguisher4 ,make two little figures of wood or clay1 or other materials1 with a little hole in the mouth of each4 ,put in the mouth of one1 a few grains of bruised gunpowder1 and a little bit of phosphorus in the other4 ,then take a lighted wax candle1 and present it to the mouth of the figure with the gunpowder1 which1 taking fire1 will put the candle out2 then present your candle1 having the snuff quite hot1 to the other figure1 and it will light again immediately4 ,,to ,,light ,a ,,candle ,,by ,a ,,glass ,,of ,,water4 ,take a little piece of phosphorus1 of the size of a pin's head1 and with a piece of tallow1 stick it on the edge of a drinking-glass4 ,then take a lighted candle1 and having blown it out1 apply it to the glass1 when it will immediately be lighted4 ,you may likewise write1 with a bit of phosphorus1 on paper1 some words1 which will appear awful1 when the candle is withdrawn from the room4 ,,punch ,,and ,,judy4 ,this famous puppet-show can easily be arranged for the parlor4 ,the first requirement of the performance will naturally be the dramatis person4 ,these1 in the drama as usually played1 are as follows3-- #a4 ,punch4 #b4 ,judy4 #c4 ,the ,baby4 #d4 ,the ,dog ,toby4 #e4 ,the ,clown4 #f4 ,the ,policeman 7or ,beadle74 #g4 ,the ,hangman4 #h4 ,the ,doctor4 #i4 ,the ,ghost4 ,the head for each character must be carved out of wood1 with a tubular cavity in the neck large enough to admit the first joint of the performer's forefinger4 ,wooden arms and legs must next be prepared4 ,these need only extend to the elbow and knee1 and the ,baby will require arms only4 ,appropriate costumes must next be manufactured4 ,mr4 ,punch will have the usual conical hat1 and ,judy a frilled cap and black ribbons4 ,the body of each figure is a mere bag1 just large enough to admit1 through an opening behind1 the hand of the performer1 whose forefinger is thrust into the hollow of the neck1 and the thumb and second finger into the sleeves1 thereby giving motion to the arms4 ,the robes of the various characters are firmly attached to the respective heads1 and the arms glued just within the lower part of the sleeves4 ,by slipping his hand1 therefore within the robe1 his forefinger being inserted into the hole in the neck1 and his thumb and middle finger into the sleeves1 as above mentioned1 the performer not only keeps the robe properly distended1 but is able to impart the requisite appearance of vitality to the figures4 ,having described the characters1 it next becomes necessary to say a few words as to the 8stage0 whereon they perform4 ,most of our readers will be familiar with the portable theatre of the genuine street artists2 a sentry-box-like wooden framework with a green baize cover1 within which the performer stands1 while a movable shelf in front of him supports the box which contains the puppets and other 8properties0 of the mimic drama4 ,a little simple stage-carpentering will transform the domestic clothes-horse into a capital ,punch-and-,judy theatre4 ,some sort of ornamental framework or border should be tacked all round the outer edge of the opening1 by way of a kind of proscenium1 and a slip of thin board1 three or four inches in width1 should be nailed horizontally across from side to side1 to form the stage4 ,the remainder should be covered with green baize1 tammy1 or any other available material1 reaching to the ground4 ,the structure should be placed against a wall or window curtain1 which will close its vacant side1 and form a convenient background4 ,where even this simple arrangement is deemed too elaborate1 an open door1 with a slip of wood tacked across it about six feet from the floor1 and a table cover hanging from this by way of curtain1 will serve as a tolerable makeshift4 ,the 8properties0 of the drama are not numerous4 ,they consist of a gallows or gibbet1 made to fit1 when in use1 into a mortice cut into the piece of wood which forms the stage1 a couple of wooden sticks1 about a foot in length and half an inch in diameter1 and an instrument known as the 8squeaker10 which is said to be used to produce those peculiar vocal effects in which ,mr4 ,punch delights4 ,it consists of a couple of pieces of tin1 each about an inch and a quarter in length1 and three quarters in breadth4 ,these1 which are slightly curved in the direction of their length1 are laid one against the other 7the concave faces inward71 with a piece of tape or ,china ribbon1 of the same breadth1 stretched tightly between them1 and the whole bound firmly together with thread4 ,this instrument is placed in the mouth1 and is asserted to produce the ,root-i-too-ti-too6 and other eccentricities of the ,punch language1 and it is possible that in the hands 7or rather the mouths7 of those who cultivate the art professionally1 it really does so4 ,we must confess1 however1 that our own attempts in that direction have not been successful1 and after several very narrow escapes of swallowing the instrument1 we have come to the conclusion that a less perfect ,root-i-too1 produced by natural means1 is on the whole to be preferred4 ,should any reader1 after this warning1 still be disposed to run the risk of choking himself in the pursuit of artistic effect1 far be it from us to discourage his noble ardor4 ,it is customary to have a second or assistant showman1 who stands outside the theatre1 and forms the orchestra1 for which purpose he is supplied with a set of ,pandean pipes and a drum1 or1 for lack of these1 with the best substitutes available4 ,in a drawing-room1 some obliging young lady at the piano-forte will generally render the performance independent of his musical aid4 ,but he has a second function somewhat akin to that of the 8,chorus0 of a ,greek play4 ,his duty is to converse with ,mr4 ,punch1 to 8draw him out10 to elicit his views on things in general1 and his own domestic arrangements in particular1 and last1 but not least1 by judicious repetition1 in the form of questions or otherwise1 to translate1 so to speak1 his observations to the audience4 ,the drama of ,punch and ,judy is based on tradition4 ,the plot is pretty much the same in all cases1 but the dialogue varies according to the taste and invention of the individual performer4 ,we subjoin a specimen1 representing pretty nearly the popular version1 on which the reader may engraft such variations as he pleases4 ,punch 7heard below74--,roo-it-oot-i-too-it6 ,showman4--,good morning1 ,mr4 ,punch4 ,punch4--,good morning1 ,mr4 ,showman4 ,have you seen my ,judy8 ,showman4--,have ,i seen your ,judy8 ,no1 sir1 ,i don't know the lady4 ,punch4--,she's such a beauty6 ,i'll call her4 ,judy1 my dear6 ,judy6 ,enter ,judy4 ,judy4--,well1 ,mr4 ,punch1 what do you want6 ,punch4--,why1 ,i want to give you a kiss1 to be sure4 7,they embrace1 then dance47 ,punch4--,now ,judy1 my dear1 go and fetch the baby4 7,exit ,judy47 ,such a beautiful baby6 ,just like me6 ,showman4--,just like you1 is he8 ,then he must be a beauty6 ,punch4--,oh1 here he is6 ,dance a bady-diddy6 7,judy appears with baby1 which she hands to ,punch1 and exit47 ,punch4--,there's a little popsy-wopsy6 7,nurses baby and sings71 8,hush-a-bye1 baby1 ,on the tree-top2 ,when the wind blows ,the cradle will rock2 ,when the wind ceases ,the cradle will fall1 ,down will come cradle ,and baby and all40 7,baby cries1 ,punch slaps it and continues7-- 8,hush-a-bye1 baby1 ,sleep while you can2 ,if you live till you're older1 ,you'll grow up a man40 ,oh1 you little duck6 ,there never was such a good child4 ,master ,punch 7cries74--,mam-ma-a-a6 ,punch 7knocking the ,baby's head against the wall74--,go to sleep1 you naughty boy6 7,resumes his song47 8,hush-a-bye1 baby----0 ,master ,punch 7louder74--,mam-ma-a-a-a6 ,punch 7hitting harder74--,hush-a-bye6 ,master ,punch 7yells74--,ya-a-a-ah-ah6 ,punch 7hitting him74--,be quiet1 can't you8 ,bless him1 he's got his father's nose6 7,the child seizes ,punch by the nose47 ,murder6 ,let go6 ,there6 go to your mother1 then4 7,throws ,master ,punch into interior of show1 calls1 8,judy1 my dear6 ,judy60 then sings7-- 8,she's all my fancy painted her1 ,she's lovely1 she's divine40 ,enter ,judy4 ,judy4--,where's the baby8 ,punch4--,the baby8 ,judy4--,yes4 ,punch4--,what6 did you not catch him8 ,judy4--,catch him8 ,punch4--,yes2 ,i threw him out of window4 ,i thought you might be passing4 ,judy4--,oh1 my poor child6 ,punch4--,why1 he was as much mine as yours4 ,judy4--,oh1 you cruel monster6 ,i'll tear your eyes out6 ,punch4--,root-to-to-to-too-it6 7,they fight4 ,ultimately ,punch ducks down1 and brings up stick1 and1 after a further scrimmage1 hits ,judy on the head and kills her4 ,the body remains hanging over front of stage4 ,punch dances47 ,policeman 7brandishing his staff74--,hullo6 hullo6 hullo6 ,here ,i am6 ,punch4--,hullo6 hullo6 hullo6 ,and so am ,i6 7,whacks policeman over the head47 ,policeman4--,do you see my staff1 sir8 ,punch4--,do you feel mine1 sir8 7,hits him again47 ,policeman4--,no nonsense1 ,mr4 ,punch6 ,you have committed murder1 and you must answer for it to the laws of your country4 ,punch4--,we don't keep it4 ,policeman4--,no nonsense1 ,mr4 ,punch6 ,i am a ,policeman4 ,punch4--,and so am ,i6 ,policeman4--,you a ,policeman8 ,punch4--,yes4 ,policeman4--,where's your authority8 ,punch4--,there it is6 7,knocks him down47 ,policeman 7rising74--,mr4 ,punch1 you are an ugly1 ill-mannered fellow6 ,punch4--,you're another6 ,policeman4--,take your nose away from my face1 sir6 ,punch4--,take your face away from my nose1 sir6 ,policeman4--,pooh6 ,punch4--,pooh6 7,hits ,policeman again47 ,policeman4--,you have committed an aggravated assault and contempt of court1 and ,i am under the painful necessity of taking you up4 ,punch4--,and ,i am under the painful necessity of knocking you down4 7,kills him with a blow of his stick47 ,punch 7dancing74--,root-to-to-to-too-it6 ,showman4--,hullo1 ,mr4 ,punch1 you've done it now6 ,punch4--,oh yes1 ,i've done it6 ,what a day we are having6 7,dances again47 7,mysterious music4 ,the ,ghost rises and places its hands upon the bodies of ,punch's victims4 ,the bodies rise slowly and disappear47 ,punch 7sings74-- 8,rum-ti-um-ti-iddity-um1 ,pop goes----0 ,ghost4--,boo-o-o-o-oh6 ,punch4--,a-a-a-ah6 7,he throws up his hands and kicks wildly47 ,ghost4--,boo-o-o-o-oh6 ,punch4--,oh1 dear6 oh1 dear6 ,it wasn't me6 ,ghost 7points at ,punch74--,boo-o-o-o-oh6 7,punch faints4 ,the ,ghost sinks47 ,punch4--,oh1 dear6 ,i'm a dead man2 somebody fetch a doctor4 ,enter ,doctor4 ,doctor4--,who wants the doctor8 ,why1 ,i declare1 it is my old friend ,punch4 ,what's the matter with him1 ,i wonder8 7,feels the patient's pulse47 ,fifteen--sixteen--eleven--nineteen--six 4 ,i don't believe he's quite dead1 though4 ,punch1 are you dead8 ,punch 7starting up and hitting him74--,yes1 quite dead4 ,please bring me to life again4 ,doctor4--,where are you hurt8 7,examines him4 ,when he reaches the legs ,punch kicks him in the eye47 ,oh1 my eye1 my eye6 ,i must go and fetch you some physic6 ,exit4 ,punch4--,a pretty sort of doctor1 to come without any physic6 ,re-enter ,doctor with stick4 ,doctor4--,now1 ,mr4 ,punch1 we'll soon see whether you are dead8 7,beating him47 ,physic6 physic6 physic6 ,punch4--,what sort of physic do you call that1 ,doctor8 ,doctor4--,stick-licorice6 stick-licorice6 stick-licorice6 7,repeats the dose47 ,punch4--,stop a bit6 ,give me the bottle in my own hands4 7,takes stick from the ,doctor1 and thrashes him with it47 ,physic6 physic6 physic6 ,doctor4--,oh6 ,punch4--,don't you like your own physic8 7,hitting him again47 ,stick-licorice6 stick-licorice6 stick-licorice6 ,doctor4--,for goodness' sake1 ,punch1 pay me my fee1 and let me go6 ,punch4--,what is your fee8 7,lays down stick47 ,doctor4--,a five pound note4 ,punch4--,give me the change out of a twopenny-halfpenny postage stamp4 ,doctor4--,i want five pounds4 ,punch4--,let me feel for my purse4 7,takes up the stick and hits ,doctor47 ,one6 two6 three6 four6 five6 7,delivers five blows1 and ,doctor falls lifeless47 ,the bill's settled1 and so is the doctor4 ,root-to-to-to-too-it6 7,sings and dances47 ,enter ,joey1 the ,clown4 ,joey4--,hullo1 ,mr4 ,punch6 7,disappears again47 ,punch4--,who called me8 7,looks round1 and seeing no one1 resumes his song47 8,i dreamt that ,i dwelt in marble halls1 ,with vassals and serfs at my si-i-ide----0 7,joey rises1 and taking up the dead body of the ,doctor1 bobs its head in ,punch's face47 ,joey4--,boo6 ,punch4--,who said 8,boo80 ,joey 7pushing ,doctor into his face again74--,boo6 boo6 boo6 ,punch4--,boo6 boo6 boo6 7,knocks ,doctor out of sight1 and discovers ,clown47 ,ah1 ,joey6 was that you8 ,joey4--,no1 it was ,i4 ,punch4--,well1 don't do it again1 because ,i'm nervous4 ,come and feel how my hand shakes4 7,clown approaches4 ,punch tries to hit him1 but he ducks and avoids the blow47 ,come a little nearer2 ,i won't hurt you4 7,joey again approaches ,punch1 and again avoids the blow intended for him47 ,there6 it didn't hurt you1 did it8 ,joey4--,no4 ,punch4--,nor that8 7,makes another failure47 ,joey4--,no4 ,punch4--,nor that8 ,joey4--,not a bit4 ,punch4--,then what are you afraid of8 ,come and shake hands4 7,joey approaches1 but has to duck down as before1 to avoid a blow which ,punch makes at his head47 ,joey1 you're a coward6 ,joey4--,come on1 then4 7,music4 ,terrific combat between ,punch and ,clown4 ,the ,clown dodges all ,punch's blows1 and after bobbing up and down in every direction1 suddenly appears behind ,punch47 ,joey4--,hullo1 ,punch6 7,disappears47 ,punch4--,where are you1 ,joey8 ,joey 7appearing behind ,punch74--,here ,i am4 7,disappears again47 ,punch4--,i see you4 7,peeps round cautiously and comes into collision with ,joey4 ,both start back4 ,punch lays down his stick and peeps cautiously round the curtains47 ,i've got him now6 ,joey 7rising behind him and seizing stick74--,and how do you like him8 7,cudgels ,punch47 ,punch4--,murder6 fire6 thieves6 ,toby1 come and help your master6 7,toby barks below4 ,exit ,clown47 ,enter ,toby4 ,punch4--,good doggy6 ,i knew you'd come to help your master4 ,poor little ,toby6 7,rubs his head against the dog's face47 ,ain't you fond of your master8 7,toby snaps47 ,oh1 my nose6 ,now1 be a good dog1 and you shall have a pail of water and a broomstick for supper4 7,toby snaps again47 ,be quiet1 sir1 or ,i'll knock your brains out6 7,toby barks1 and ,punch attempts to strike him1 but at the same instant ,joey rises again47 ,joey4--,hullo6 ,why1 that's my dog ,toby4 ,toby1 old fellow1 how are you8 7,toby barks47 ,punch4--,he isn't your dog4 ,joey4--,yes1 he is6 ,punch4--,no1 he isn't6 ,joey4--,he is1 ,i tell you6 ,a fortnight ago ,i lost him4 ,punch4--,and a fortnight ago ,i found him4 ,joey4--,we'll soon settle which of us the dog belongs to1 ,mr4 ,punch4 ,we'll fight for him4 7,ducks down and comes up with a stick47 ,now don't you begin till ,i say 8,time40 7,punch knocks ,joey down47 ,mr4 ,punch1 that wasn't fair4 ,punch4--,why1 you said 8,time40 ,joey4--,i didn't4 ,punch4--,what did you say1 then8 ,joey4--,i said1 8,don't you begin till ,i say #8,time4'0 ,punch 7knocking him down again74--,there6 you said it again4 ,joey4--,toby1 assist your master4 7,toby flies at ,punch47 ,punch4--,it isn't fair2 he didn't say 8,time40 ,joey4--,at him again1 ,toby6 7,toby barks1 and ,clown thrashes ,punch47 ,punch4--,murder6 call him off6 ,joey4--,oh1 you've had enough have you8 ,very well4 ,come along1 ,toby6 7,exit with ,toby47 ,punch 7calling after them74--,i wouldn't have him at a gift2 he's got the distemper6 ,root-to-to-to-too-it6 ,enter ,hangman with gallows4 ,hangman4--,mr4 ,punch1 you are my prisoner4 ,punch4--,what for8 ,hangman4--,for having broken the laws of your country4 ,punch4--,why1 ,i never touched them4 ,hangman4--,at any rate you are to be hanged4 ,punch4--,but ,i never was tried and condemned4 ,hangman4--,never mind6 ,we'll hang you first and try you afterward4 ,punch4--,hanged8 ,oh1 dear6 oh1 dear6 ,hangman4--,yes2 and ,i hope it will be a lesson to you4 7,erects the gallows on the stage47 ,punch4--,oh1 my poor wife and sixteen small children6 most of them twins1 and the oldest only three years of age4 ,hangman4--,now1 ,mr4 ,punch1 you are ordered for instant execution4 ,punch4--,what's that8 ,hangman4--,you are to be hanged by the neck till you are dead6 dead6 dead6 ,punch4--,what6 three times8 ,hangman4--,no2 once will be enough4 ,place your head in the centre of this noose4 ,punch4--,stop a bit2 ,i haven't made my will4 ,hangman4--,we can't help that4 ,come1 put your head in4 ,punch 7putting his head one side of the noose74--,where8 ,there8 ,hangman4--,no2 higher up4 ,punch 7putting his head over74--,there8 ,hangman4--,no2 lower down4 ,punch4--,well1 ,i never was hanged before1 so how should ,i know how it's done8 ,hangman4--,i suppose ,i must show you the way4 ,now1 then1 keep your eye on me4 ,i put my head in the noose--so6 7,puts his head in the noose47 ,punch4--,oh1 like that1 is it8 7,pulls the rope tightly1 and hangs the hangman47 ,oee6 oee6 oee6 ,i understand all about it4 ,root-to-too-it6 ,here's a man tumbled into a ditch1 and hung himself up to dry4 ,hurra6 hurra6 ,i've done the trick6 ,jack ,ketch is dead1 and ,punch is free6 7,ghost rises1 and taps ,punch on the shoulders47 ,ghost4--,you're wanted4 ,punch4--,oh1 dear6 oh1 dear6 ,what for8 ,ghost4--,in the other world1 to answer for your misdeeds4 ,punch4--,stop a bit6 whom were you to ask for8 ,ghost4--,why1 ,punch1 the man who was to be hanged4 ,punch--,oh1 the man that was to be hanged2 then that's the gentleman you want6 7,points to ,hangman47 ,ghost4--,oh6 ,i beg your pardon6 ,good night6 7,carries off ,hangman47 ,punch 7hitting the sinking ,ghost with the stick74--,good night6 ,pleasant journey to you6 7,sings74 ,root-to too-it6 serves him right1 ,all my foes are put to flight2 ,ladies and gentlemen all1 good night1 ,to the freaks of ,punch and ,judy6 7,curtain falls47 ,,the 8,,art0 ,,exhibition4 ,the elaborate 8sell0 which goes by this name is an institution which has only sprung up within the last three or four years4 ,we have seen it introduced on two or three occasions at fancy fairs and charity bazaars1 at which it has proved a great attraction4 ,a regular printed catalogue is got up1 containing apparently the names of a collection of pictures or sculpture1 each object duly numbered1 and with the name of the artist appended4 ,in some instances the name of a 7supposed7 picture is followed by an appropriate quotation in poetry or prose1 after the orthodox fashion of the ,american ,academy and other galleries4 ,we append1 by way of illustration1 a selection from the catalogue of a collection which has met with great success3 ,,exhibition ,,of ,,the ,,works ,,of ,,living ,,artists ,,catalogue4 ,,part ,i4 ,,works ,,of ,,art4 #a4 ,horse ,fair ,after ,rosa ,bonheur4 #b4 ,a ,brush with a ,cutter off ,deal ,carpenter4 #c4 ,caught in ,squall off ,yarmouth ,fisher4 #d4 ,the ,last of poor ,dog ,tray ,barker4 #e4 8,he will return1 ,i know he will0 ,lent by the ,trustees of the ,parish4 #f4 ,the ,midnight ,hour ,c4 ,lock4 #g4 ,heroes of ,waterloo ,schumacher4 #h4 ,true to the ,core ,c4 ,odling4 #i4 8,spring1 ,spring1 ,beautiful ,spring60 ,mayne4 #aj4 8,tears1 ,idle ,tears0 ,strong4 #aa4 ,the ,midnight ,assassin ,f4 ,sharpe4 #ab4 ,the ,dripping ,well ,t4 ,inman4 #ac4 ,family ,jars ,potter4 #ad4 ,never ,too ,late to ,mend ,s4 ,titch #ae4 ,past ,healing ,kbler4 #af4 ,the ,first ,sorrow ,smalchild4 #ag4 ,saved ,s4 ,kinflint4 #ah4 ,lost4 #ai4 ,first ,love ,sweet4 #bj4 ,the ,death of the ,camel ,after ,goodall4 #ba4 ,his ,first ,cigar ,a4 ,young4 #bb4 ,a ,good ,fellow ,gone ,m4 ,i4 ,slade4 #bc4 ,portrait of a ,gentleman ,anonymous4 #bd4 ,portrait of a ,lady ,anonymous4 #be4 ,our ,churchwardens ,screw4 #bf4 ,portraits of the ,reigning ,sovereigns of ,europe ,g4 ,p4 ,o4 ,taken by special order4 #bg4 ,waifs of ,ocean ,fish4 8,strange things come up to look at us1 ,the monsters of the deep40 #bh4 ,the ,last ,man ,unknown4 #bi4 ,contribution from the celebrated ,sheepshanks ,collection ,butcher4 #cj4 ,the ,light of ,other ,days ,dimm4 #ca4 ,the ,meet of ,her ,majesty's ,hounds ,pratt4 #cb4 ,water ,scene 8,and ,i hear ,those waters rolling from the mountain springs ,with a sweet inland murmur40 #cc4 ,the ,maiden's ,joy ,bachelor4 #cd4 ,the ,fall ,adam4 #ce4 ,motherhood 8,she laid it where the sunbeams fall ,unscanned upon the broken wall1 ,without a tear1 without a groan ,she laid it near a mighty stone ,which some rude swain had haply cast ,thither in sport1 long ages past1-- ,there in its cool and quiet bed ,she set her burden down and fled2 ,nor flung1 all eager to escape1 ,one glance upon the perfect shape ,that lay1 still warm and fresh and fair1 ,but motionless and soundless there40 ,c4 ,s4 ,calverley4 #cf4 ,a ,friendly ,party on ,hampstead ,heath ,moke4 #cg4 ,borrowed ,plumes ,wigg4 #ch4 ,out for the ,night ,anonymous4 #ci4 ,something to ,adore ,anonymous4 #dj4 ,the ,wearied ,grinder ,mayne ,force4 8,change and decay in all around ,i see40 #da4 ,repentance ,g4 ,templar4 #db4 ,maggie's ,secret ,rossetter4 #dc4 ,somebody's ,luggage ,s4 ,canty4 #dd4 ,eusebius ,b4 ,linkers4 #de4 ,happy ,childhood ,wackford ,squeers4 #df4 ,not such a ,fool as he looks ,the ,exhibitor4 ,,part ,,ii ,,curiosities #dg4 ,a choice ,collection of ,old ,china4 #dh4 ,a fine ,specimen of ,local ,quartz discovered in the ,possession of a ,workman during the ,building of the ,new ,town ,hall4 #di4 ,the ,skull of the ,last of the ,mohicans4 #ej4 ,a ,marble ,group4 #ea4 ,bust4 #eb4 ,the ,puzzle4 #ec4 ,the ,instantaneous ,kid ,reviver4 #ed4 ,the ,earnest ,entreaty4 ,,explanation4 ,any one not in the secret perusing the above catalogue would naturally conclude that the descriptions referred to pictorial art of some kind or other4 ,but such is by no means the case4 ,the visitor1 on being admitted1 finds1 in place of the expected pictures1 shelves or tables on which are arranged sundry very commonplace objects1 each bearing a numbered ticket4 ,on close examination he finds that the numbers correspond with those in the catalogue1 and that ,no4 #a1 8,horse ,fair0 7,fare71 is represented1 after a realistic fashion1 by a handful of oats and a wisp of hay4 ,no4 #b1 which he expected to find a spirited marine sketch1 is in reality only a tooth-brush lying beside a jack-plane2 while the supposed companion picture1 8,caught in a ,squall off ,yarmouth10 is represented by a red herring4 ,no4 #d1 8,the ,last of ,poor ,dog ,tray10 is a sausage1 and the exhibitor particularly begs that no gentleman will on any account whistle while passing this picture4 ,no4 #e1 8,he will return1 ,i know he will10 presumably the agonized cry of a forsaken maiden1 is in reality a poor-rate collector's paper1 marked 8,fifth application40 ,no4 #f is represented by a numbered ticket only1 with no object attached to it4 ,the exhibitor explains that 8,the ,midnight ,hour0 has not yet arrived1 but that any gentleman who likes to wait till it does 7which will be at twelve o'clock punctually7 is very welcome to do so4 ,the 8,heroes of ,waterloo10 ,wellington and ,blucher1 ,no4 #g1 are represented by a couple of the boots known by those distinguished names4 #h1 8,true to the ,core10 is a rosy-cheeked apple4 #i is a coil of watch-spring4 #aj1 8,tears1 ,idle ,tears10 on which the exhibitor feelingly expatiates as a noble example of the imaginative in art1 is--an onion6 ,the space dedicated to ,no4 #aa is occupied by the numbered ticket only1 the exhibitor explaining that 8,the ,midnight ,assassin0 7who is stated to be a large and lively flea7 has strolled away1 and is wandering at large about the room2 and he adds an entreaty that any lady or gentleman who may meet with him will immediately return him to his place in the collection4 8,the ,dripping ,well0 7,no4 #ab7 proves to be of the description more usually known as a dripping-pan4 8,family ,jars10 by ,potter1 is found to consist of a pickle-jar and jam-pot4 ,no4 #ad1 8,never ,too ,late to ,mend10 is a boot patched all over2 while #ae1 8,past ,healing10 is its fellow1 too far gone to admit of like renovation4 8,the ,first ,sorrow0 is a broken doll4 8,saved0 is a money-box1 containing twopence-halfpenny1 mostly in farthings4 ,the next is a vacant space1 over which the exhibitor passes with the casual remark1 8,no4 #ah1 as you will observe1 is unfortunately ,lost40 ,no4 #ai1 8,first ,love10 is a piece of taffy4 #bj1 8,the ,death of the ,camel10 is a straw1 labeled 8,the last10 and the exhibitor explains that this is the identical straw that broke the camel's back4 8,his ,first ,cigar0 is a mild ,havana of brown paper4 8,a ,good ,fellow ,gone0 is suggested1 rather than represented1 by an odd glove4 ,nos4 #bc1 #bd are represented by two small mirrors1 which are handed to a lady and a gentleman respectively1 with a few appropriate remarks as to the extreme success of the likenesses1 coupled with critical remarks as to the 8expression0 in each case4 8,our ,churchwardens0 are a pair of long clay pipes4 ,no4 #bf1 8,portraits of the ,reigning ,sovereigns of ,europe10 are represented by a few cancelled foreign postage stamps4 8,the ,monsters of the ,deep10 in ,no4 #bg1 are represented by a periwinkle and a shrimp4 8,the ,last ,man0 7,no4 #bh7 is at present missing from his place in the collection1 but the exhibitor explains that he will be seen going out just as the exhibition closes4 ,the 8,contribution from the ,sheepshanks ,collection0 7#bi7 is a couple of mutton-bones2 while 8,the ,light of ,other ,days0 7#cj7 is an old-fashioned lantern and tinder-box4 8,the ,meet 7meat7 of ,her ,majesty's ,hounds0 is a piece of dog-biscuit4 ,no4 #cb is a leaky can of water4 8,the ,maiden's ,joy0 7obviously7 is a wedding-ring4 8,the ,fall0 is a lady's veil4 ,no4 #ce1 8,motherhood10 is the gem of the collection1 and should be kept carefully hidden 7say by a handkerchief thrown over it7 until the company have had time to read and appreciate ,mr4 ,calverley's graceful lines1 when the veil is removed1 and behold--an egg6 ,no4 #cf1 8,a ,friendly ,party on ,hampstead ,heath10 is represented by three toy donkeys4 8,borrowed ,plumes0 are represented by a lady's false front4 8,out for the ,night0 is an extinguished candle4 8,something to ,adore0 is a rusty bolt4 8,the ,wearied ,grinder0 is a back tooth of somebody's1 very much the worse for wear4 8,repentance0 7,no4 #da7 is represented by a smashed hat and a bottle of soda-water4 8,maggie's ,secret0 is a gray hair1 labeled 8,her first40 ,no4 #dc1 8,somebody's ,luggage10 consists of a broken comb and a paper collar4 8,eusebius0 is a pair of spectacles4 8,happy ,childhood0 is indicated by a lithe and 8swishy0 cane4 ,when the company arrive at ,no4 #df1 the corresponding object is apparently missing4 ,the exhibitor refers to his notes1 and says1 8#df--df8 ,i see they have written down against ,no4 #df1 #8,the ,exhibitor1' but ,i don't see quite what they mean4 ,suppose we pass on to the curiosities1 ladies and gentlemen40 ,no4 #dg is merely some smashed crockery1 and ,no4 #dh a pewter quart-pot4 ,no4 #di is again a vacant space1 and the exhibitor explains that #8,the ,last of the ,mohicans' has just gone home to his tea1 and has taken his skull with him4 ,no4 #ej is1 as its name implies1 a group of marbles 7of the school-boy character74 ,no4 #ea is a paper bag of peas1 and1 being too full1 has 8bust40 8,the ,puzzle0 7,no4 #eb7 is an old ,guide-book4 8,the ,instantaneous ,kid ,reviver0 is a baby's feeding-bottle2 and 8,the ,earnest ,entreaty0 is the request of the exhibitor that the visitors will recommend the collection to their friends4 ,if the 8showman0 be possessed of a good fund of talk and a dash of dry humor1 the fun of the collection may be still further enhanced by his explanations and criticism of the various objects4 ,poor ,artemus ,ward's celebrated lecture is an excellent model to copy2 indeed1 many of his 8bits0 may be stolen bodily with very satisfactory result4 ,even without the aid of a showman1 the comparison of the poetical descriptions and the sober reality will produce a good deal of fun2 but1 in this case1 the various blanks or vacant spaces to be filled up by explanation must necessarily be omitted--a good many telling items being thereby sacrificed4 ,,conjuring ,,with ,,coin4 ,coin-conjuring1 like card-conjuring1 has its own peculiar sleights1 which it will be necessary for the student to practice diligently before he can hope to attain much success in this direction4 ,the first faculty which the novice must seek to acquire is that of 8palming0--i4 e41 secretly holding an object in the open hand by the contraction of the palm4 ,to acquire this power1 take a half-crown1 florin1 or quarter 7these being the most convenient in point of size71 and lay it on the palm of the open hand4 ,now close the hand very slightly1 and if you have placed the coin on the right spot 7which a few trials will quickly indicate71 the contraction of the palm around its edges will hold it securely1 and you may move the hand and arm in any direction without fear of dropping it4 ,you should next accustom yourself to use the hand and fingers easily and naturally1 while still holding the coin as described4 ,a very little practice will enable you to do this4 ,you must bear in mind while practicing always to keep the inside of the palm either downward or toward your own body1 as any reverse movement would expose the concealed coin4 ,,passes4 ,being thoroughly master of this first lesson1 you may proceed to the study of the various 8passes40 ,all of the passes have the same object--viz41 the apparent transfer of an article from one hand to the other1 though such article really remains in the hand which it has apparently just quitted4 ,as the same movement frequently repeated would cause suspicion1 and possibly detection1 it is desirable to acquire different ways of effecting this object4 ,it should be here mentioned that the term 8palming10 which we have so far used as meaning simply the act of holding any article1 is also employed to signify the act of placing any article in the palm by one or other of the various passes4 ,the context will readily indicate in which of the two senses the term is used in any given passage4 ,,pass #a4--,take the coin in the right hand1 between the second and third fingers and the thumb1 letting it1 however1 really be supported by the fingers1 and only steadied by the thumb4 ,now move the thumb out of the way1 and close the second and third fingers1 with the coin balanced on them1 into the palm4 ,if the coin was rightly placed in the first instance1 you will find that this motion puts it precisely in the position above described as the proper one for palming2 and on again extending the fingers1 the coin is left palmed4 ,when you can do this easily with the hand at rest1 you must practice doing the same thing with the right hand in motion toward the left1 which should meet it open1 but should close the moment that the fingers of the right hand touch its palm1 as though upon the coin which you have by this movement feigned to transfer to it4 ,the left hand must thenceforward remain closed1 as if holding the coin1 and the right hand hang loosely open1 as if empty4 ,,palming4 ,in the motion of 8palming0 the two hands must work in harmony1 as in the genuine act of passing an article from the one hand to the other4 ,the left hand must therefore rise to meet the right1 but should not begin its journey until the right hand begins its own4 ,nothing looks more awkward or unnatural than to see the left hand extended1 with open palm1 before the right hand has begun to move toward it4 ,,pass #b4--,this is somewhat easier than ,pass #a1 and may sometimes be usefully substituted for it4 ,take the coin edgeways between the first and third fingers of the right hand1 the sides of those fingers pressing against the edges of the coin1 and the middle finger steadying it from behind4 ,carry the right hand toward the left1 and at the same time move the thumb swiftly over the face of the coin till the top joint passes its outer edge1 then bend the thumb1 and the coin will be found to be securely nipped between that joint and the junction of the thumb with the hand4 ,as in the last case1 the left hand must be closed the moment the right hand touches it2 and the right must thenceforth be held with the thumb bent slightly inward toward the palm1 so that the coin may be shielded from the view of the spectators4 ,this is an especially quick mode of palming1 and if properly executed the illusion is perfect4 ,,pass #c4--;,hold the left hand palm upward1 with the coin in position4 ,move the right hand toward the left1 and let the fingers simulate the motion of picking up the coin1 and instantly close4 ,at the same moment slightly close the left hand1 so as to contract the palm around the coin1 and drop the hand1 letting it hang loosely by your side4 ,,the ,,vanishing ,,trick4 ,a word of caution may here be desirable4 ,these 8passes0 must by no means be regarded as being themselves tricks1 but only as processes to be used in the performance of tricks4 ,if the operator1 after pretending to pass the coin1 say1 from the right hand to the left1 and showing that it had vanished from the left hand1 were to allow his audience to discover that it had all along remained in his right hand1 they might admire the dexterity with which he had in this instance deceived their eyes1 but they would henceforth guess half the secret of any trick in which palming was employed4 ,if it is necessary immediately to reproduce the coin1 the performer should do so by appearing to find it in the hair or whiskers of a spectator1 or in any other place that may suit his purpose1 remembering always to indicate beforehand that it has passed to such a place1 thereby diverting the general attention from himself4 ,as the coin is already in his hand1 he has only to drop it to his finger-tips as the hand reaches the place he has named1 in order1 to all appearance1 to take it from thence4 ,the various passes may be employed not only to cause the disappearance of an article1 as above described1 but to secretly exchange it for a substitute of similar appearance4 ,these exchanges are of continual use in conjuring2 indeed1 we may almost say that three parts of its marvels depend on them4 ,such an exchange having been made1 the substitute is left in sight of the audience1 while the performer1 having thus secretly gained possession of the original1 disposes of it as may be necessary for the purpose of the trick4 ,with this brief practical introduction1 we proceed to describe a few of the simpler tricks with coins4 ,,heads ,,or ,,tails4 ,you borrow a quarter1 and spin it1 or invite some other person to spin it1 on the table 7which must be without a cloth74 ,you allow it to spin itself out1 and immediately announce1 without seeing it1 whether it has fallen head or tail upward4 ,this may be repeated any number of times with the same result1 though you may be blindfolded1 and placed at the further end of the apartment4 ,the secret lies in the use of a quarter of your own1 on one face of which 7say on the 8tail0 side7 you have cut at the extreme edge a little notch1 thereby causing a minute point or tooth of metal to project from that side of the coin4 ,if a coin so prepared be spun on the table1 and should chance to go down with the notched side upward1 it will run down like an ordinary coin1 with a long continuous 8whirr10 the sound growing fainter and fainter till it finally ceases2 but if it should run down with the notched side downward1 the friction of the point against the table will reduce this final whirr to half its ordinary length1 and the coin will finally go down with a sort of 8flop40 ,the difference of sound is not sufficiently marked to attract the notice of the spectators1 but is perfectly distinguishable by an attentive ear4 ,if1 therefore1 you have notched the coin on the 8tail0 side1 and it runs down slowly1 you will cry 8tail20 if quickly1 8head40 ,if you professedly use a borrowed coin1 you must adroitly change it for your own1 under pretence of showing how to spin it1 or the like4 ,,odd ,,or ,,even2 ,,or1 ,,the ,,mysterious ,,addition4 ,you take a handful of coins1 and invite another person to do the same1 and to ascertain privately whether the number he has taken is odd or even4 ,you request the company to observe that you have not asked him a single question1 but that you are able1 notwithstanding1 to divine and counteract his most secret intentions1 and that you will1 in proof of this1 yourself take a number of coins and add them to those he has taken1 when1 if his number was odd1 the total shall be even2 if his number was even1 the total shall be odd4 ,requesting him to drop the coins he holds into a hat1 held on high by one of the company1 you drop in a certain number on your own account4 ,he is now asked whether his number was odd or even2 and1 the coins being counted1 the total number proves to be1 as you stated1 exactly the reverse4 ,the experiment is tried again and again1 with different numbers1 but the result is the same4 ,the secret lies in the simple arithmetical fact1 that if you add an odd number to an even number1 the result will be odd2 if you add an odd number to an odd number1 the result will be even4 ,you have only to take care1 therefore1 that the number you yourself add1 whether large or small1 shall always be odd4 ,,to ,,rub ,,one ,,dime ,,into ,,three4 ,this is a simple little parlor trick1 but will sometimes occasion a good deal of wonderment4 ,procure three dimes of the same issue1 and privately stick two of them with wax to the under side of a table1 at about half an inch from the edge1 and eight or ten inches apart4 ,announce to the company that you are about to teach them how to make money4 ,turn up your sleeves1 and take the third dime in your right hand1 drawing particular attention to its date and general appearance1 and indirectly to the fact that you have no other coin concealed in your hands4 ,turning back the table-cover1 rub the dime with the ball of the thumb backward and forward on the edge of the table4 ,in this position your fingers will naturally be below the edge4 ,after rubbing for a few seconds1 say1 8,it is nearly done1 for the dime is getting hot20 and1 after rubbing a moment or two longer with increased rapidity1 draw the hand away sharply1 bringing away with it one of the concealed dimes1 which you exhibit as produced by the friction4 ,leaving the waxed dime on the table1 and again showing that you have but one coin in your hands1 repeat the operation with the remaining dime4 ,,the ,,capital ,q4 ,take a number of coins1 say from five-and-twenty to thirty1 and arrange them in the form of the letter ,q1 making the 8tail0 consist of some six or seven coins4 ,then invite some person 7during your absence from the room7 to count any number he pleases1 beginning at the tip of the tail and traveling up the left side of the circle1 touching each coin as he does so2 then to work back again from the coin at which he stops 7calling such coin one71 this time1 however1 not returning down the tail1 but continuing round the opposite side of the circle to the same number4 ,during this process you retire1 but on your return you indicate with unerring accuracy the coin at which he left off4 ,in order to show 7apparently7 that the trick does not depend on any arithmetical principle1 you reconstruct the ,q1 or invite the spectators to do so1 with a different number of coins1 but the result is the same4 ,the solution lies in the fact that the coin at which the spectator ends will necessarily be at the same distance from the root of the tail as there are coins in the tail itself4 ,thus1 suppose that there are five coins in the tail1 and that the spectator makes up his mind to count eleven4 ,he commences from the tip of the tail1 and counts up the left side of the circle4 ,this brings him to the sixth coin beyond the tail4 ,he then retrogrades1 and calling that coin 8one10 counts eleven in the opposite direction4 ,this necessarily brings him to the fifth coin from the tail on the opposite side1 being the length of the tail over and above those coins which are common to both processes4 ,if he chooses ten1 twelve1 or any other number1 he will still1 in counting back again1 end at the same point4 ,the rearrangement of the coins1 which is apparently only intended to make the trick more surprising1 is really designed1 by altering the length of the tail1 to shift the position of the terminating coin4 ,if the trick were performed two or three times in succession with the same number of coins in the tail1 the spectators could hardly fail to observe that the same final coin was always indicated1 and thereby to gain a clue to the secret4 ,the number of coins in the circle itself is quite immaterial4 ,,the ,,wandering ,,dime4 ,have ready two dimes1 each slightly waxed on one side4 ,borrow a dime1 and secretly exchange it for one of the waxed ones1 laying the latter1 waxed side uppermost1 on the table4 ,let any one draw two squares of ordinary card-board4 ,take them in the left hand1 and1 transferring them to the right1 press the second waxed dime against the centre of the undermost1 to which it will adhere4 ,lay this card 7which we will call a7 on the table1 about eighteen inches from the dime which is already there1 and cover such dime with the other card1 b4 ,lift both cards a little way from the table1 to show that the dime is under card a1 and that there is 7apparently7 nothing under card b4 ,as you replace them1 press lightly on the centre of card a4 ,you may now make the dime appear under whichever card you like1 remembering that1 if you wish the dime not to adhere1 you must bend the card slightly upward in taking it from the table2 if otherwise1 take it up without bending4 ,,the ,,magic ,,cover ,,and ,,vanishing ,,pennies4 ,for the purpose of this trick you require half a dozen cents1 of which the centre portion has been cut out1 leaving each a mere rim of metal4 ,upon these is placed a complete cent1 and the whole are connected together by a rivet1 running through the whole thickness of the pile4 ,when placed upon the table1 with the complete coin upward1 they have all the appearance of a pile of ordinary pennies1 the slight lateral play allowed by the rivet aiding the illusion4 ,a little leather cap 7shaped something like a fez1 with a little button on the top1 and of such a size as to fit loosely over the pile of cents71 with an ordinary die1 such as backgammon is played with1 complete the necessary apparatus4 ,you begin by drawing attention to your magic cap and die1 and in order to exhibit their mystic powers1 you request the loan of half a dozen cents 7the number must1 of course1 correspond with that of your own pile74 ,while they are being collected1 you take the opportunity to slip the little cap over your prepared pile1 which should be placed ready to hand behind some small object on the table1 so as to be unseen by the spectators4 ,pressing the side of the cap1 you lift the pile with it1 and place the whole together in full view1 in close proximity to the die4 ,the required cents having been now collected1 you beg all to observe that you place the leather cap 7which the spectators suppose to be empty7 fairly over the die4 ,taking the genuine coins in either hand1 you pretend1 by one or other of the 8passes10 to transfer them to the other4 ,holding the hand which is now supposed to contain the coins immediately above the cap1 you announce that they will at your command pass under the cap1 from which the die will disappear to make room for them4 ,saying1 8,one1 two1 three6 ,pass60 you open your hand1 and show that the coins have vanished2 and then1 lifting up the cap by the button1 you show the hollow pile1 covering the die and appearing to be the genuine coins4 ,once more covering the pile with the cap1 you announce that you will again extract the coins1 and replace the die2 and to make the trick still more extraordinary1 you will this time pass the coins right through the table4 ,placing the hand which holds the genuine coins beneath the table1 and once more saying1 8,one1 two1 three6 ,pass60 you chink the coins1 and1 bringing them up1 place them on the table4 ,again picking up the cap1 but this time pressing its sides1 you lift up the hollow pile with it1 and disclose the die4 ,quickly transferring the cap1 without the pile1 to the other hand1 you place it on the table1 to bear the brunt of examination1 while you get rid of the prepared coins4 ,,the ,,pepper-,,box1 ,,for ,,vanishing ,,money4 ,this is a small tin box1 of the pepper-box or flour-dredger shape1 standing three to four inches high4 ,the 8box0 portion 7as distinguished from the lid7 is made double1 consisting of two tin tubes sliding the one within the other1 the bottom being soldered to the inner one only4 ,by pulling the bottom downward1 therefore1 you draw down with it the inner tube1 telescope fashion4 ,by so doing you bring into view a slit or opening at one side of the inner tube1 level with the bottom1 and of such a size as to let a half-dollar pass through it easily4 ,the lid is also specially prepared4 ,it has an inner or false top1 and between the true and false top a loose bit of tin is introduced1 which rattles when the box is shaken1 unless you at the same time press a little point of wire projecting from one of the holes at the top1 and so render it1 for the time being1 silent4 ,the box is first exhibited with the inner tube pushed up into its place1 and the opening thereby concealed4 ,a marked coin is borrowed1 but either before or after the coin is placed therein1 as may best suit his purpose1 the performer secretly draws out the inner tube a quarter of an inch or so1 thus allowing the coin to slip through into his hand4 ,as he places the box on the table1 a very slight pressure suffices to force the tube up again into its original position1 and close the opening4 ,having made the necessary disposition of the coin1 the performer takes up the box and shakes it1 to show 7apparently7 that the coin is still there1 pressing on the little point above mentioned when he desires it to appear that it has departed1 and immediately opening the box to show that it is empty4 ,the pepper-box will not bear minute inspection1 and is in this particular inferior to the rattle box4 ,a ,,nest ,,of ,,boxes4 ,this consists of half a dozen circular wooden boxes1 one within the other1 the outer box having much the appearance1 but being nearly double the size1 of an ordinary tooth-powder box1 and the smallest being just large enough to contain a quarter4 ,the series is so accurately made that1 by arranging the boxes in due order1 one within the other1 and the lids in like manner1 you may1 by simply putting on all the lids together1 close all the boxes at once1 though they can only be opened one by one4 ,these are placed1 the boxes together and the lids together1 anywhere so as to be just out of sight of the audience4 ,if on your table1 they may be hidden by any more bulky article4 ,having secretly obtained possession1 by either of the means before described1 of a coin which is ostensibly deposited in some other piece of apparatus1 you seize your opportunity to drop it into the innermost box1 and to put on the united lids4 ,you then bring forward the nest of boxes 7which the spectators naturally take to be one box only71 and announce that the twenty-five cent piece will at your command pass from the place in which it has been deposited into the box which you hold in your hand1 and which you forthwith deliver to one of the audience for safe keeping4 ,touching both articles with the mystic wand1 you invite inspection of the first to show that the money has departed1 and then of the box1 wherein it is to be found4 ,the holder opens the box1 and finds another1 and then another1 and in the innermost of all1 the marked coin4 ,seeing how long the several boxes have taken to open1 the spectators naturally infer that they must take as long to close1 and 7apart from the other mysteries of the trick7 are utterly at a loss to imagine how1 with the mere moment of time at your command1 you could have managed to insert the coin1 and close so many boxes4 ,if you desire to use the nest for a coin larger than a quarter1 you can make it available for that purpose by removing beforehand the smallest box4 ,,the ,,ball ,,of ,,berlin ,,wool4 ,an easy and effective mode of terminating a money trick is to pass the marked coin into the centre of a large ball of ,berlin wool or worsted1 the whole of which has to be unwound before the coin can be reached4 ,the modus operandi1 though perplexing to the uninitiated1 is absurdly simple when the secret is revealed4 ,the only apparatus necessary over and above the wool 7of which you must have enough for a good-sized ball71 is a flat tin tube1 three to four inches in length1 and just large enough to allow a quarter or half-dollar 7whichever you intend to use for the trick7 to slip through it easily4 ,you prepare for the trick by winding the wool on one end of the tube1 in such manner that when the whole is wound in a ball1 an inch or so of the tube may project from it4 ,this you place in your pocket1 or anywhere out of sight of the audience4 ,you commence the trick by requesting some one to mark a coin1 which you forthwith exchange by one or other of the means already described1 for a substitute of your own1 and leave the latter in the possession or in view of the spectators1 while you retire to fetch your ball of wool1 or simply take it from your pocket4 ,before producing it1 you drop the genuine coin down the tube into the centre of the ball1 and withdraw the tube1 giving the ball a squeeze to remove all trace of an opening4 ,you then bring it forward1 and place it in a glass goblet or tumbler1 which you hand to a spectator to hold4 ,taking the substitute coin1 you announce that you will make it pass invisibly into the very centre of the ball of wool1 which you accordingly pretend to do1 getting rid of it by means of one or other of the 8passes0 already described4 ,you then request a second spectator to take the loose end of the wool1 and to unwind the ball1 which1 when he has done1 the coin falls out into the goblet4 ,the only drawback to the trick is the tediousness of unwinding4 ,to obviate this1 some performers use a wheel made for the purpose1 which materially shortens the length of the operation4 ,,miscellaneous ,,tricks4 ,,the ,,raisin ,,tortoise4 ,this noble animal is constructed as follows3--,a muscatel raisin forms the body1 and small portions of the stalk of the same fruit the head and legs4 ,with a little judgment in the selection of the pieces of stalk and the mode in which they are thrust into the body1 it is surprising what a lifelike tortoise may be thus produced4 ,while the work of art in question is being handed round on a plate for admiration1 the artist may further distinguish himself1 if the wherewithal is obtainable1 by constructing ,,the ,,lemon ,,pig4 ,the body of the pig consists of a lemon4 ,the shape of this fruit renders it particularly well adapted for this purpose1 the crease or shoulder at the small end of the lemon being just the right shape to form the head and neck of the pig4 ,with three or four lemons to choose from1 you cannot fail to find at least one which will answer the purpose exactly4 ,the mouth and ears are made by cutting the rind with a penknife1 the legs of short ends of lucifer matches1 and the eyes either of black pins1 thrust in up to the head1 or of grape-stones4 ,,the ,,seasick ,,passenger4 ,the requirements for this touching picture are an orange1 a pocket-handkerchief or soft table-napkin1 and a narrow water goblet4 ,the orange is first prepared by cutting in the rind with a penknife the best ears1 nose1 and mouth which the artist can compass1 a couple of raisin-pips supplying the place of eyes4 ,a pocket-handkerchief is stretched lightly over the glass1 and the prepared orange laid thereon4 ,the pocket-handkerchief is then moved gently backward and forward over the top of the glass1 imparting to the orange a rolling motion1 and affording a laughable but striking caricature of the agonies of a seasick passenger4 ,,the ,,enchanted ,,raisins4 ,take four raisins or bread-pills1 and place them about a foot apart1 so as to form a square on the table4 ,next fold a couple of table-napkins1 each into a pad of five inches square4 ,take one of these in each hand1 the fingers undermost and the thumb uppermost4 ,then inform the company that you are about to give them a lesson in the art of hanky-panky1 etc41 and in the course of your remarks bring down the two napkins carelessly over the two raisins farthest from you4 ,leave the right-hand napkin on the table1 but1 in withdrawing the hand1 bring away the raisin between the second and third fingers1 and at the same moment remarking1 8,you must watch particularly how many raisins ,i place under each napkin10 lift the left-hand napkin 7as if merely to show that there is one raisin only beneath it71 and transfer it to the palm of the outstretched right hand1 behind which the raisin is now concealed4 ,without any perceptible pause1 but at the same time without any appearance of haste1 you replace the folded napkin on raisin ,no4 #b1 and in so doing leave raisin ,no4 #a beside it4 ,now take up raisin ,no #c 7with the right hand74 ,put the hand under the table1 and in doing so get raisin ,no4 #c between the second and third fingers1 as much behind the hand as possible4 ,give a rap with the knuckles on the under-side of the table1 at the same time saying1 8,pass60 and forthwith pick up the left-hand napkin with the left hand1 showing the raisins #a and #b beneath it4 ,all eyes are drawn to the two raisins on the table1 and as the right hand comes into sight from beneath the table the left quietly transfers the napkin to it1 thereby effectually concealing the presence of raisin ,no4 #c4 ,the napkin is again laid over raisins #a and #b1 and ,no4 #c is secretly deposited with them4 ,no4 #d is then taken in the right hand1 and the process repeated1 when three raisins are naturally discovered2 the napkin being once more replaced1 and ,no4 #d left with the rest4 ,there are now four raisins under the left-hand napkin1 and none under that on the right hand1 though the spectators are persuaded that there is one under the latter1 and only three under the former4 ,the trick being now practically over1 the performer may please himself as to the form of the dnouement and1 having gone through any appropriate form of incantation1 commands the imaginary one to go and join the other three1 which is found to have taken place accordingly4 ,,the ,,demon ,,lump ,,of ,,sugar4 ,the performer commences by borrowing two hats1 which he places1 crown upward1 upon the table1 drawing particular attention to the fact that there is nothing whatever under either of them4 ,he next demands the loan of the family sugar basin1 and requests some one to select from it a lump of sugar 7preferably one of an unusual and easily distinguished shape71 at the same time informing them that1 by means of a secret process1 only known to himself1 he will undertake to swallow such lump of sugar before their eyes1 and yet1 after a few minutes' interval1 bring it under either of the two hats they may choose4 ,the company1 having been prepared by the last trick to expect some ingenious piece of sleight-of-hand1 are all on the qui vive to prevent any substitution of another lump of sugar1 or any pretence of swallowing without actually doing so4 ,however1 the performer does unmistakably take the identical lump of sugar chosen and crush it to pieces with his teeth4 ,he then asks1 with unabated confidence1 under which of the two hats he shall bring it1 and1 the choice having been made1 places the chosen hat on his own head1 and in that way fulfills his undertaking4 ,,the ,,mysterious ,,production4 ,this is another feat of the genus 8sell10 and to produce due effect should only be introduced after the performer has1 by virtue of a little genuine magic1 prepared the company to expect from him something a little out of the common4 ,he begins by informing the spectators that he is about to show them a great mystery1 a production of nature on which no human being has ever yet set eye1 and which1 when they have once seen1 no human being will ever set eyes on again4 ,when the general interest is sufficiently awakened1 he takes a nut from the dish and1 having gravely cracked it1 exhibits the kernel1 and says1 8,here is an object which you will all admit no human being has ever seen1 and which0 7here he puts it into his mouth and gravely swallows it7 8,i am quite sure nobody will ever see again40 ,,the ,,family ,,giant4 ,a very fair giant1 for domestic purposes1 may be produced by the simple expedient of seating a young lad astride on the shoulders of one of the older members of the company1 and draping the combined figure with a long cloak or ,inverness cape4 ,the 8head0 portion may1 of course1 be 8made up0 as much as you please1 the more complete the disguise the more effective being the giant4 ,a ferocious-looking moustache and whiskers will greatly add to his appearance4 ,if some ready-witted and genial member of the party will undertake to act as showman1 and exhibit the giant1 holding a lively conversation with him1 and calling attention to his gigantic idiosyncrasies1 a great deal of fun may be produced4 ,the joke should not1 however1 be very long continued1 as the feelings of the 8legs0 have to be considered4 ,if too long deprived of air and light they are apt to wax rebellious1 and either carry the giant in directions he would fain avoid1 or even occasionally to strike altogether1 and bring the giant's days to a sudden and undignified termination4 ,,the ,,animated ,,telescope4 ,this is a much more finished deception1 and is not unfrequently seen exhibited at theatres and circuses4 ,the figure is constructed as follows3--,you procure a stout broomstick1 four feet long1 and on one end thereof fasten firmly a grotesque pasteboard head1 with appropriate headdress4 ,next construct an extinguisher-shaped robe of some dark material 7a coarse black muslin or canvas is the best1 as allowing a reasonable amount of light and ventilation to the performer74 ,it should be gathered in with a frill round the neck of the figure1 and should be of such a length that when the performer stands beneath1 with the stick extended at full length above his neck1 it shall all but reach the ground4 ,the robe should taper gradually outward1 from a diameter of about eight inches at the top to about two feet six at the bottom4 ,a cane hoop should be fastened horizontally within it at about the height of the performer's knees1 and another at about the level of his chin4 ,these keep the garment distended1 and give the operator much greater freedom of movement than he would otherwise enjoy4 ,the lower hoop should be attached by four pieces of tape to a belt around the performer's waist1 this arrangement keeping it at a uniform height from the floor1 and preventing the skirt getting under the performer's feet in walking4 ,with a little practice the figure thus composed may be made to go through a variety of the most eccentric manuvres4 ,for instance1 by gradually lowering the stick1 and at the same time contracting the body into a crouching position1 it may be made to sink to the dimensions of a dwarf4 ,by bending the body1 and at the same time lowering the stick into a horizontal position1 the figure will be made to salute4 ,while in this position the head may be made to describe a circle of three or four feet in diameter1 with inexpressibly comical effect4 ,the stick may then be sloped backward4 ,by way of finale1 the figure may be made to pass its head between its legs1 and in that position make its exit4 ,some little practice is required to work the 8,nondescript0 effectively4 8,,the ,,what-,,do-,,you-,,think80 ,our next three or four sections will be devoted to the description of the after-dinner menagerie4 ,we will begin with the 8,what-do-you-,think80 ,the exhibitor begins1 in proper showman style1 8,ladies and ,gentlemen1 ,i have the pleasure of exhibiting to your notice the celebrated #8,what-do-you-,think8' or ,giant ,uncle-,eater4 ,you have all probably heard of the ,ant-,eater4 ,this is1 as you will readily perceive1 a member of the same family1 but more so6 ,he measures seven feet from the tip of his snout to the end of his tail1 eight feet back again1 five feet round the small of his waist1 and has four feet of his own1 making twenty-four in all4 ,in his natural state he lives chiefly on blue-bottle flies and mixed pickles1 but in captivity it is found that so rich a diet has a tendency to make him stout1 and he is now fed exclusively on old champagne corks and back numbers of some daily paper4 ,his voice1 which you may perhaps have an opportunity of hearing 7here the #8,what-do-you-,think8' howls dismally71 is in the key of ,b flat1 and is greatly admired4 ,people come here before breakfast to hear it1 and when they have heard it1 they assure us that they never heard anything like it before4 ,some have even gone so far as to say that they never wish to hear anything like it again40 ,etc4 ,the 8,what-do-you-,think80 is manufactured as follows3--,the performer1 who should have black kid gloves on1 places on his head a conical paper cap1 worked up with the aid of the nursery paint-box into a rough semblance of an animal's head4 ,this being securely fastened on1 he goes down on his hands and knees and a shaggy railway rug 7of fur1 if procurable7 is thrown over him1 and secured round his neck1 when the animal is complete4 ,,the ,,giraffe4 ,a grotesque head1 as nearly approaching the required shape as possible1 is securely fastened to the end of a long stick1 which is held by the foremost of the two performers who form the body beneath4 ,to this head is attached the cloth which is designed to form the body of the animal1 and which should be pinned round the bodies of the two performers4 ,a rope tail may be added4 ,a good deal of fun may be produced by the efforts of the animal to scratch his head with his hind leg1 etc4 ,,the ,,dwarf4 ,the ,dwarf can scarcely be said to belong to the menagerie1 but may appropriately follow in this place4 ,he is constructed as follows3--,a table1 with cover1 is placed just in front of the drawn curtains of a window4 ,the performers1 of whom there are two1 place themselves behind the table1 the one in front of the other4 ,the foremost either stands1 or kneels on a stool1 as may be found most convenient1 and rests his hands1 which are encased in a pair of boots1 upon the table4 ,these form the feet of the ,dwarf4 ,the second performer stands behind the first1 concealed by the curtain1 and passes his arms1 which are the only part of his person in view1 over the shoulders of the first performer1 to form the arms of the dwarf4 ,the above arrangements are1 of course1 made before the company are admitted into the room4 ,the dwarf then proceeds to make a speech or sing a song1 which the arms accompany with 7as a rule7 singularly inappropriate gestures4 ,thus1 at a very impressive portion of 7say7 ,hamlet's soliloquy1 the right hand will be seen to tweak the nose violently1 or even to 8take a sight0 at the assembled company4 ,the arms have even been known to stop the eloquence of the mouth1 by violently cramming a pocket-handkerchief into it4 ,the legs are equally eccentric in their behavior1 the ,dwarf not hesitating1 on an emergency1 to scratch his nose with his foot1 and so on4 ,the representation of the ,dwarf demands a little practice1 but1 if it is well worked1 the effect produced will fully repay the trouble expended in arranging it4 ,a child's pinafore will be found the most appropriate garment4 ,,the ,,two ,,hats4 ,this is a modern version of the old 8,game of ,contraries40 ,the leader brings forward two hats2 one he places on his own head1 and hands the other to one of the company1 with whom he enters into conversation4 ,the person addressed must stand when the leader sits1 and sit when he stands1 take off his hat when the leader puts on his1 and vice versa4 ,a failure in any of these particulars is punishable by a forfeit4 ,the conversation may be somewhat as follows3 ,leader 7standing and wearing his own hat74 ,allow me to offer you a hat1 sir4 7,sits down47 ,victim 7standing up74 ,i am much obliged to you1 but ,i already have one4 ,leader4 ,scarcely so becoming as this one1 ,i think4 ,but won't you try it on8 7,stands up1 and victim sits down47 ,allow me to place it on your head4 ,victim4 ,not at present1 thank you1 though ,i quite admit it is a very charming hat4 ,leader 7throwing himself into a chair1 and fanning himself with his hat74 ,dear me1 how very hot the room is6 ,pray don't rise on my account4 7,victim stands up1 but omits to put on his hat1 whereby he incurs a forfeit1 and the leader passes on to endeavor to entrap some other player47 ,,the ,,knight ,,of ,,the ,,whistle4 ,this is a capital game for everybody but the victim1 and produces much fun4 ,some one who does not know the game is chosen to be ,knight of the ,whistle1 and is commanded to kneel down and receive the honor of knighthood1 which the leader 7armed with a light cane1 the drawing-room poker1 or other substitute for a sword7 confers in due form4 ,while placing him in position1 opportunity is taken to attach to his back1 by means of a bent pin or otherwise1 a piece of string about a foot in length1 to which is attached a small light whistle4 ,having been duly dubbed1 in order to complete his dignity1 he is informed that he must now go in quest of the ,whistle1 which is in the hands of one of the company1 and will be sounded at intervals1 in order to guide him in his search4 ,meanwhile the other players gather in a circle round him1 making believe to pass an imaginary object from hand to hand4 ,the victim naturally believes that this imaginary object must be the long-lost ,whistle1 and makes a dash for it accordingly1 when the player who happens to be behind his back blows the actual whistle1 and instantly drops it again4 ,round flies the unhappy ,knight1 and makes a fresh dash to seize the ,whistle1 but in vain4 ,no sooner has he turned to a fresh quarter than the ubiquitous ,whistle again sounds behind his back4 ,if the game is played smartly1 and care taken not to pull upon the cord1 the ,knight may often be kept revolving for a considerable period before he discovers the secret4 ,sometimes a lady is chosen to 8dub0 the intended ,knight1 and the following piece of doggerel is repeated1 the leader prompting3-- ,lady4 ,why do you kneel thus low to implore8 ,gentleman4 ,that ,i may remain a mere gent no more4 ,lady4 ,how can ,i help your being a gent8 ,gentleman4 ,dub me a ,knight--you shall not repent4 ,lady4 ,if ,i should yield to your request1 ,what knightly duty will please you best8 ,gentleman4 ,to wait on ladies from morn till night1 ,and meet their foes in deadly fight4 ,lady4 ,will you promise to heed all ,i may say1 ,and my will or whim henceforth to obey8 ,gentleman4 ,yes1 whatever you bid me do ,shall be my law--,i belong to you4 ,lady4 ,go1 then1 and be no longer blind1 ,and the troublesome ,knight of the ,whistle find4 ,the lady then strikes his shoulder with her fan or handkerchief1 and says1 8,rise up1 ,sir----0 ,in this case the victim is not told1 but is left to discover that he himself is the ,knight of the ,whistle4 8,,he ,,can ,,do ,,little40 ,this is another 8sell0 of almost childish simplicity1 but we have seen people desperately puzzled over it1 and even 8give it up0 in despair4 ,the leader takes a stick 7or poker7 in his left hand1 thence transfers it to his right1 and thumps three times on the floor1 saying1 8,he can do little who can't do this40 ,he then hands the stick to another person1 who1 as he supposes1 goes through exactly the same performance1 but if he does not know the game1 is generally told1 to his disgust1 that he has incurred a forfeit1 his imitation not having been exact4 ,the secret lies in the fact that the stick1 when passed on1 is first received in the left hand1 and thence transferred to the right before going through4 8,,throwing ,,light40 ,two of the company agree privately upon a word 7which as before1 should be one susceptible of two or three meanings71 and interchange remarks tending to throw light upon it4 ,the rest of the players do their best to guess the word1 but when either of them fancies he has succeeded1 he does not publicly announce his guess1 but makes such a remark as to indicate to the two initiated that he has discovered their secret4 ,if they have any doubt that he has really guessed the word1 they challenge him1 i4 e41 require him to name it in a whisper4 ,if his guess proves to be right1 he joins in the conversation1 and assists in throwing light on the subject2 but if1 on the other hand1 he is wrong1 he must submit to have a handkerchief thrown over his head1 and so remain1 until by some more fortunate observation he shall prove that he really possesses the secret4 ,we will give an example4 ,mr4 ,a4 and ,miss ,b4 have agreed on 8,bed0 as the word1 and proceed to throw light upon it2 alternating upon its various meanings of a place of repose1 a part of a garden1 or the bed of a river4 ,miss ,b4 ,i don't know what your opinion may be1 but ,i am never tired of it4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,well1 for my part1 ,i am never in a hurry1 either to get to it or to leave it4 ,miss ,b4 ,how delightful it is after a long tiring day6 ,mr4 ,a4 ,yes4 ,but it is a pleasure that soon palls4 ,the most luxurious person does not care for too much of it at a stretch4 ,miss ,b4 ,oh6 don't you think so8 ,in early spring for instance1 with the dew upon the flowers6 ,mr4 ,a4 ,ah6 you take the romantic view4 ,but how would you like it beneath some rapid torrent1 or some broad majestic river4 ,miss ,c4 7thinks she sees her way1 and hazards a remark74 ,or in a souch6 ,mr4 ,a4 ,i beg your pardon4 ,please tell me1 in a whisper1 what you suppose the word to be8 ,miss ,c4 7whispers74 ,fish6 ,what6 isn't that right8 ,mr4 ,a4 ,i am afraid you must submit to a temporary eclipse4 7,throws her handkerchief over her face47 ,mr4 ,a4 to ,miss ,b4 ,you mentioned spring1 ,i think4 ,for my own part1 ,i prefer feathers4 ,mr4 ,d4 7rashly concludes1 from the combination of 8spring0 and 8feathers10 that spring-chickens must be referred to74 ,surely you would have them plucked8 ,mr4 ,a4 7looks puzzled74 ,i think not4 ,may ,i ask you to name your guess8 ,oh1 no1 quite out4 ,i must trouble you for your pocket-handkerchief4 ,miss ,b4 ,it is curious1 isn't it1 that they must be made afresh every day8 ,mr4 ,a4 ,so it is2 though ,i confess it never struck me in that light before4 ,i don't fancy1 however1 that old ,brown the gardener makes his quite so often4 ,miss ,b4 ,you may depend that he has it made for him1 though4 ,miss ,c4 7from under the handkerchief74 ,at any rate1 according as he makes it1 his fate will be affected accordingly4 ,you know the proverb8 ,mr4 ,a4 7removing the handkerchief74 ,you have fairly earned your release4 ,by the way1 do you remember an old paradox upon this subject1 8,what nobody cares to give away1 yet nobody wishes to keep80 ,miss ,e4 ,ah6 now you have let out the secret4 ,i certainly don't wish to keep mine for long together1 but ,i would willingly give it away if ,i could get a better4 ,miss ,b4 ,tell me your guess4 7,miss ,e4 whispers47 ,yes1 you have hit it4 ,i was afraid ,mr4 ,a4's last 8light0 was rather too strong4 ,and so the game goes on1 until every player is in the secret1 or the few who may be still in the dark 8give it up0 and plead for mercy4 ,this1 however1 is a rare occurrence1 for1 as the company in general become acquainted with the secret1 the 8lights0 are flashed about in a rash and reckless manner1 till the task of guessing becomes almost a matter of course to an ordinarily acute person4 ,,multiplying ,,shadows4 ,before quitting the subject of fireside amusements1 we may give a passing mention to the subject of the curious optical illusion called 8,the ,multiplying ,shadows10 sometimes also known1 from one form in which it is presented1 as ,the ,witches' ,dance4 ,a dummy figure 7suppose that of a witch1 riding on the conventional broomstick7 is suspended by fine threads or wires on the side of the screen remote from the spectators4 ,behind this are ranged1 one behind the other1 and at right angles to the screen1 a row of lighted candles4 ,being all in the same line1 they throw one shadow only on the screen4 ,the figure is now made to oscillate slightly1 so as to impart some little motion to the shadow4 ,one of the candles is now removed from its place in the row1 and waved gently about1 now high1 now low1 the effect to the spectators being that a second shadow springs out of the first1 and dances about it on the screen4 ,a second and third candle is then removed1 and waved up and down1 each candle as it leaves its place in the line producing a separate shadow4 ,it is well to have three or four assistants1 each taking a candle in each hand4 ,,the ,,vanishing ,,knots4 ,for this trick you must use a silk handkerchief4 ,twisting it rope-fashion1 and grasping it by the middle with both hands1 you request one of the spectators to tie the two ends together4 ,he does so1 but you tell him he has not tied them half tight enough1 and you yourself pull them still tighter4 ,a second and a third knot are made in the same way1 the handkerchief being drawn tighter by yourself after each knot is made4 ,finally1 taking the handkerchief1 and covering the knots with the loose part1 you hand it to someone to hold4 ,breathing on it1 you request him to shake out the handkerchief1 when all the knots are found to have disappeared4 ,when the performer apparently tightens the knot1 he in reality only strains one end of the handkerchief1 grasping it above and below the knot4 ,this pulls that end of the handkerchief out of its twisted condition and into a straight line1 round which the other end of the handkerchief remains twisted2 in other words1 converts the knot into a slip-knot4 ,after each successive knot he still straightens this same end of the handkerchief4 ,this end1 being thus made straight1 would naturally be left longer than the other1 which is twisted round and round it4 ,this tendency the performer counteracts by drawing it partially back through the slip-knot at each pretended tightening4 ,when he finally covers over the knots1 which he does with the left hand1 he holds the straightened portion of the handkerchief1 immediately behind the knots1 between the first finger and thumb of the right hand1 and therewith1 in the act of covering over the knots1 draws this straightened portion completely out of the slip-knot4 ,,the ,,dancing ,,sailor4 ,the ,dancing ,sailor is a figure cut out of cardboard1 eight or nine inches in height1 and with its arms and legs cut out separately1 and attached to the trunk with thread in such a manner as to hang perfectly free4 ,the mode of exhibiting it is as follows3--,the performer1 taking a seat facing the company1 with his legs slightly apart1 places the figure on the ground between them4 ,as might be expected1 it falls flat and lifeless1 but after a few mesmeric passes it is induced to stand upright1 though without visible support1 and1 on a lively piece of music being played1 dances to it1 keeping time1 and ceasing as soon as the music ceases4 ,the secret lies in the fact that1 from leg to leg of the performer1 at about the height of the figure from the ground1 is fixed 7generally by means of a couple of bent pins71 a fine black silk thread1 of eighteen or twenty inches in length4 ,this allows him to move about without any hindrance4 ,on each side of the head of the figure is a little slanting cut1 tending in a perpendicular direction1 and about half an inch in length4 ,the divided portions of the cardboard are bent back a little1 thus forming two 8hooks10 so to speak1 at the sides of the head4 ,when the performer takes his seat1 as before mentioned1 the separation of his legs draws the silk comparatively taut1 though1 against a moderately dark background1 it remains wholly invisible4 ,when he first places the figure on the ground1 he does so simply1 and the figure naturally falls4 ,he makes a few sham mesmeric passes over it1 but still it falls4 ,at the third and fourth attempt1 however1 he places it so that the little hooks already mentioned just catch the thread1 and the figure is thus kept upright4 ,when the music commences1 the smallest motion1 or pretence of keeping time with the feet is enough to start the sailor in a vigorous hornpipe4 ,,conundrums ,,and ,,riddles4 ,these are by no means of modern origin3 the ,sphinx puzzled the brains of some of the heroes of antiquity1 and even ,alexander the ,great1 as it is written1 made several essays to untie the knot 7a practical riddle7 with which ,gordius1 the ,phrygian king1 who had been raised from the plow to the throne1 tied up his implements of husbandry in the temple1 in so intricate a manner1 that universal monarchy was promised to the man who could undo it3 after having been repeatedly baffled1 he1 at length1 drew his sword1 considering that he was entitled to the fulfillment of the promise1 by cutting the ,gordian knot4 ,the modern riddle or conundrum1 however1 is a simpler affair1 invented to amuse4 ,we append a list of some that will keep the company in good humor4 ,the key or solution appears on a later page4 ,,conundrums4 #a4 ,he loved her4 ,she hated him1 but1 woman-like1 she would have him1 and she was the death of him4 ,who was he8 #b4 ,why is life the greatest of riddles8 #c4 ,if a church be on fire1 why has the organ the smallest chance of escape8 #d4 ,why should a sailor be the best authority as to what goes on in the moon8 #e4 ,what does a cat have that no other animal has8 #f4 ,when is a man behind the times8 #g4 ,what is the difference between a baby and a pair of boots8 #h4 ,use me well1 and ,i'm everybody2 scratch my back1 and ,i'm nobody4 #i4 ,what word becomes shorter by adding a syllable to it8 #aj4 ,if a stupid fellow was going up for a competitive examination1 why should he study the letter ,p8 #aa4 ,why is buttermilk like something that never happened8 #ab4 ,why is the letter ,o the noisiest of all the vowels8 #ac4 ,why is a ,member of ,parliament like a shrimp8 #ad4 ,why is a pig a paradox8 #ae4 ,why is a bad half-dollar like something said in a whisper8 #af4 ,why do black sheep eat less than white ones8 #ag4 ,why is a barn-door fowl sitting on a gate like a halfpenny8 #ah4 ,why is a man searching for the ,philosopher's ,stone like ,neptune8 #ai4 ,what is the difference between a much-worn fourpennypiece and a halfcrown8 #bj4 ,why is the nose placed in the middle of the face8 #ba4 ,what is most like a hen stealing8 #bb4 ,what is worse than 8raining cats and dogs80 #bc4 ,when is butter like ,irish children8 #bd4 ,why is a chronometer like thingumbob8 #be4 ,of what color is grass when covered with snow8 #bf4 ,name in two letters the destiny of all earthly things8 #bg4 ,what is even better than presence of mind in a railway accident8 #bh4 ,what word contains all the vowels in due order8 #bi4 ,why is a caterpillar like a hot roll8 #cj4 ,what is that which occurs twice in a moment1 once in a minute1 and not once in a thousand years8 #ca4 ,what is that which will give a cold1 cure a cold1 and pay the doctor's bill8 #cb4 ,what is that which is neither flesh nor bone1 yet has four fingers and a thumb8 #cc4 ,what is the difference between a rhododendron and a cold apple-dumpling8 #cd4 ,why has man more hair than woman8 #ce4 ,what is that which no one wishes to have1 yet no one cares to lose8 #cf4 ,why is the letter ,g like the sun8 #cg4 ,why is the letter ,d like a wedding-ring8 #ch4 ,what sweetens the cup of life1 yet1 divested of its end1 embitters the most grateful draught8 #ci4 ,why should ladies not learn ,french8 #dj4 ,which tree is most suggestive of kissing8 #da4 ,what act of folly does a washerwoman commit8 #db4 ,why should a cabman be brave8 #dc4 ,what is the most difficult surgical operation8 #dd4 ,why is it difficult to flirt on board the ,p4 and ,o4 steamers8 #de4 ,what letter made ,queen ,bess mind her ,p's and ,q's8 #df4 ,why is it an insult to a cock-sparrow to mistake him for a pheasant8 #dg4 ,what is that from which the whole may be taken1 and yet some will remain8 #dh4 ,why is blind-man's buff like sympathy8 #di4 ,when may a man be said to have four hands8 #ej4 ,why is it easy to break into an old man's house8 #ea4 ,why should you not go to ,london by the #ab4ej train8 #eb4 ,why should the male sex avoid the letter ,a8 #ec4 ,when does a man sneeze three times8 #ed4 ,what relation is the doormat to the scraper8 #ee4 ,why does a piebald pony never pay toll8 #ef4 ,when does a steamboat captain say that he is what he is not8 #eg4 ,why is the letter ,s like a sewing-machine8 #eh4 ,why need ,france never fear an inundation8 #ei4 ,what is the difference between a cow and a rickety chair8 #fj4 ,what flower most resembles a bull's mouth8 #fa4 ,what does a stone become in the water8 #fb4 ,if the alphabet were invited out to dine1 what time would ,u1 ,v1 ,w1 ,x1 ,y1 and ,z go8 #fc4 ,why are sailors bad horsemen8 #fd4 ,when was beef-tea first introduced into ,england8 #fe4 ,what letter is the pleasantest to a deaf woman8 #ff4 ,why are ladies like churches8 #fg4 ,when is love a deformity8 #fh4 ,why is a mouse like hay8 #fi4 ,why is a madman equal to two men8 #gj4 ,why are good resolutions like ladies fainting in church8 #ga4 ,which is the merriest letter in the alphabet8 #gb4 ,why is a horse like the letter ,o8 #gc4 ,what is the difference between a bankrupt and a feather-bed8 #gd4 ,what is that word of five letters from which1 if you take away two1 only one remains8 #ge4 ,why is the letter ,b like a fire8 #gf4 ,what word is pronounced quicker by adding a syllable to it8 #gg4 ,which animal travels with the most1 and which with the least1 luggage8 #gh4 ,how many sticks go to the building of a crow's-nest8 #gi4 ,which is the best-behaved food1 cake or wine8 #hj4 ,which member of ,congress wears the largest hat8 #ha4 ,why are bakers the most self-denying people8 #hb4 ,which of the constellations reminds you of an empty fireplace8 #hc4 ,what relation is that child to its own father who is not its own father's own son8 #hd4 ,when does a pig become landed property8 #he4 ,which is the heavier1 the full or the new moon8 #hf4 ,what is the best way to make a coat last8 #hg4 ,why is an alligator the most deceitful of animals8 #hh4 ,why are fowls the most profitable of live stock8 #hi4 ,what is that which comes with a coach1 goes with a coach1 is of no use whatever to the coach1 and yet the coach can't go without it8 #ij4 ,if your uncle's sister is not your aunt1 what relation is she to you8 #ia4 ,why does a duck put its head under water8 #ib4 ,why does it take it out again8 #ic4 ,what vegetable products are the most important in history8 #id4 ,why is the letter ,w like a maid of honor8 #ie4 ,what letter is always invisible1 yet never out of sight8 #if4 ,what is an old lady in the middle of a river like8 #ig4 ,why are ,e and ,i the happiest of the vowels8 #ih4 ,why is the letter ,f like a cow's tail8 #ii4 ,on which side of a pitcher is the handle8 #ajj4 ,what is higher and handsomer when the head is off8 #aja4 ,why is a pig in a parlor like a house on fire8 #ajb4 ,what is the keynote to good breeding8 #ajc4 ,what is the best thing to make in a hurry8 #ajd4 ,what ,queen ,mary1 of ,england1 had before1 poor thing6 what ,king ,william had behind1 poor thing6 what ,queen ,anne never had at all1 poor thing6 #aje4 ,what do you add to nine in order to make it three less8 #ajf4 ,why is a tallow-chandler like a villain exposed8 #ajg4 ,what is it that walks with its head downwards8 #ajh4 ,why could not ,lord ,beaconsfield insure his life8 #aji4 ,why is a lame dog like a schoolboy adding six and seven together8 #aaj4 ,why is the ,brooklyn ,bridge like merit8 #aaa4 ,what we all require1 what we all give1 what we occasionally ask for1 yet very seldom take8 #aab4 ,a man remarks1 looking at a portrait1 8,uncles and brothers have ,i none1 but that man's father is my father's son40 ,what relation is the original of the portrait to the speaker8 #aac4 ,formed long ago1 yet made to-day2 ,employed while others sleep2 ,what few would wish to give away1 ,yet no one cares to keep8 #aad4 ,what did ,adam first plant in the ,garden of ,eden8 #aae4 ,four men went to sea on a marble slab4 ,the first had no eyes1 the second had no hands1 the third had no legs1 and the fourth was naked4 ,the first saw a bird1 the second shot it1 the third ran and picked it up1 and the fourth put it in his pocket4 ,what is that8 #aaf4 ,what is ,majesty1 deprived of its externals8 #aag4 ,if you saw an egg on a music-stool1 what great poem would it remind you of8 #aah4 ,can you tell me why ,a hypocrite's eye ,could better descry ,than you or ,i ,on how many toes ,a pussy-cat goes8 #aai4 ,how would you make a thin man fat8 #abj4 ,what is the difference between a young maid of sixteen and an old maid of sixty8 #aba4 ,when was fruit known to use bad language8 #abb4 ,if a man gets up on a donkey1 where should he get down8 #abc4 ,why were ,adam and ,eve a grammatical anomaly8 #abd4 ,what is lengthened by being cut at both ends8 #abe4 ,why are men like gooseberries8 #abf4 ,why should you never write a secret with a quill-pen8 #abg4 8,i am what ,i am2 ,i am not what ,i follow4 ,if ,i were what ,i follow1 ,i should not be what ,i am40 ,what is it8 #abh4 ,which is the most cautious of birds8 #abi4 ,which is the strongest day of the week8 #acj4 ,if a pig wanted to build himself a house1 how would he set about it8 #aca4 ,why does a donkey prefer thistles to oats8 #acb4 ,where can you always find sympathy8 #acc4 ,what is the difference between a lady and a looking-glass8 #acd4 ,why need a man never starve in the desert8 #ace4 ,why are oysters the best food for dyspeptic people8 #acf4 ,if by chance a man falls ,from the top of ,st4 ,paul's1 ,what does he fall against8 #acg4 ,what was ,joan of ,arc made of8 #ach4 ,why is a kitten biting her own tail like a good manager8 #aci4 ,why is the figure #i like a peacock8 #adj4 ,why did ,adam bite the apple when ,eve gave it to him8 #ada4 ,which are the most contented birds8 #adb4 ,what animals have only one leg between them8 ,,enigmas4 #adc4 ,in my first my second sat2 my third and fourth ,i ate4 #add4 ,cut off my head1 and singular ,i seem2 ,cut off my tail1 and plural ,i appear2 ,cut off both head and tail1 and--wondrous to relate6-- ,although my middle's left1 there's nothing there4 ,what is my first8 ,it is a sounding sea1 ,what is my last8 ,it is a noble river1 ,and in their mingling depths ,i sportive play1 ,parent of sweetest sounds1 though mute for ever4 #ade4 ,cato and ,chloe1 combined well together1 ,make a drink not amiss in very cold weather4 #adf4 ,my first's the joy of every cozy dame1 ,and in my second o'er to ,england came4 ,my whole of every household forms a part4 ,thou art not ,science1 but thou teachest art4 #adg4 ,my first is won1 and never lost1 ,reversed1 it's now before ye2 ,my next1 reversed1 is red as blood ,in veins of ,whig or ,tory4 ,my whole's so wond'rous strange1 that ,i ,must candidly confess it1 ,though you're ingenious1 it will be ,a wonder if you guess it4 #adh4 ,if ,i had been in ,stanley's place1 ,when ,marmion urged him to the chase1 ,a thing you quickly would espy ,would bring a tear to many an eye4 #adi4 ,you eat me1 you drink me1 deny it who can1 ,i'm sometimes a woman and sometimes a man4 #aej4 ,the beginning of eternity1 the end of time and space1 ,the beginning of every end1 and the end of every place4 #aea4 ,my first ,i hope you are2 my second ,i see you are2 my whole ,i know you are4 #aeb4 ,my first is ,french1 my second ,english1 and my whole ,latin4 #aec4 ,my first the fair ,ophelia gave the ,queen2 ,my next a steed1 as ancient legends make it2 ,if fair ,ophelia's gift my whole had been1 ,pray1 would her majesty do right to take it8 ,the following fine example of the charade is from the facile pen of ,w4 ,m4 ,praed3 #aed4 8,the canvas rattled on the mast ,as rose the swelling sail1 ,and gallantly the vessel passed ,before the cheering gale4 ,and on my first ,sir ,florice stood1 ,as the far shore faded now1 ,and looked upon the lengthening flood ,with a pale and pensive brow4 #8,when ,i shall bear thy silken glove ,where the proudest ,moslems flee1 ,my ladye-love1 my ladye-love1 ,oh1 waste one thought on me6' 8,sir ,florice lay in a dungeon-cell1 ,with none to soothe or save1 ,and high above his chamber fell ,the echo of the wave2 ,but still he struck my second there1 ,and bade its tones renew ,those hours when every hue was fair1 ,and every hope was true4 #8,if still your angel footsteps move ,where mine may never be1 ,my ladye-love1 my ladye-love1 ,oh1 dream one dream of me6' 8,not long the ,christian captive pined1 ,my whole was round his neck1 ,a sadder necklace ne'er was twined ,so white a skin to deck4 ,queen ,folly ne'er was yet content ,with gems or golden store2 ,but he who wears this ornament ,will rarely sigh for more4 #8,my spirit to the heaven above1 ,my body to the sea1 ,my heart to thee1 my ladye-love1 ,oh1 weep one tear for me6'0 ,we cannot better conclude than with the beautiful1 though hackneyed1 enigma on the letter ,h1 one of the most perfect ever written4 ,the honor of its authorship belongs to ,miss ,ferrier4 #aee4 8',twas whispered in ,heaven1 'twas muttered in ,hell1 ,and ,echo caught faintly the sound as it fell2 ,on the confines of ,earth 'twas permitted to rest1 ,and the depths of the ,ocean its presence confessed4 ',twill be found in the sphere when 'tis riven asunder1 ,be seen in the lightning1 and heard in the thunder2 ',twas allotted to man with his earliest breath1 ,attends at his birth1 and awaits him in death2 ,presides o'er his happiness1 honor and health1 ,is the prop of his house and the end of his wealth4 ,in the heaps of the miser 'tis hoarded with care1 ,but is sure to be lost by his prodigal heir4 ,it begins every hope1 every wish it must bound2 ,with the husbandman toils1 with the monarch is crowned2 ,without it the soldier1 the sailor may roam1 ,but woe to the wretch who expels it from home6 ,in the whisper of conscience its voice will be found1 ,nor e'en in the whirlwind of passion be drowned4 ',twill not soften the heart2 but1 though deaf to the ear1 ',twill make it acutely and instantly hear4 ,in shade let it rest--like a delicate flower1 ,or breathe on it softly1 it dies in an hour60 ,,answers ,,to ,,conundrums1 ,,enigmas1 ,,etc4 #a4 ,a flea4 #b4 ,because we must all give it up4 #c4 ,because the engine cannot play upon it4 #d4 ,because he has been to sea 7see74 #e4 ,kittens4 #f4 ,when he's a weak 7week7 back4 #g4 ,one ,i was and the other ,i wear4 #h4 ,a looking-glass4 #i4 ,short4 #aj4 ,because ,p makes 8ass0 8pass40 #aa4 ,because it hasn't a curd 7occurred74 #ab4 ,because all the rest are in-audible4 #ac4 ,because he has ,m4 ,p4 at the end of his name4 #ad4 ,because it is killed first and cured afterward4 #ae4 ,because it is uttered1 but not allowed 7aloud74 #af4 ,because there are fewer of them4 #ag4 ,because its head is on one side and its tail on the other4 #ah4 ,because he is a-seeking 7sea-king7 what never was4 #ai4 ,two-and-twopence4 #bj4 ,because it's the scenter 7centre74 #ba4 ,a cock robbing 7cock-robin74 #bb4 ,hailing omnibuses4 #bc4 ,when it is made into little pats4 #bd4 ,because it's a watch-you may-call-it4 #be4 ,invisible green4 #bf4 ,d ,k4 #bg4 ,absence of body4 #bh4 ,facetiously4 #bi4 ,because it's the grub that makes the butterfly4 #cj4 ,the letter ,m4 #ca4 ,a draught 7draft74 #cb4 ,a glove4 #cc4 ,the one is a rhododendron and the other is a cold apple-dumpling4 7,you surely wouldn't wish for a greater difference than that47 #cd4 ,because he's naturally her suitor 7hirsuter74 #ce4 ,a bald head4 #cf4 ,because it is the centre of light4 #cg4 ,because we cannot be wed without it4 #ch4 ,hope--hop4 #ci4 ,because one tongue is enough for any woman4 #dj4 ,yew4 7,this is a riddle which should be used with due precaution47 #da4 ,putting out tubs to catch soft water when it rains hard4 #db4 ,because none but the brave deserve the fair 7fare74 #dc4 ,to take the jaw out of a woman4 #dd4 ,because all the mails 7males7 are tied up in bags4 #de4 ,r made her 7,armada74 #df4 ,because it is making game of him4 #dg4 ,the word 8wholesome40 #dh4 ,because it is a fellow feeling for another4 #di4 ,when he doubles his fists4 #ej4 ,because his gait 7gate7 is broken and his locks are few4 #ea4 ,because it is ten to one if you catch it4 #eb4 ,because it makes men mean4 #ec4 ,when he cannot help it4 #ed4 ,a step farther 7step-father74 #ee4 ,because his master pays it for him4 #ef4 ,when he says he's a bacca'-stopper 7ease her1 back her1 stop her74 #eg4 ,because it makes needles needless4 #eh4 ,because in ,france all the water is 8l'eau40 #ei4 ,the one gives milk and the other gives whey 7way74 #fj4 ,a cowslip4 #fa4 ,wet4 #fb4 ,they would go after tea 7,t74 #fc4 ,because they ride on the main 7mane74 #fd4 ,when ,henry ,,viii4 dissolved the ,pope's bull4 #fe4 ,a1 because it makes her hear4 #ff4 ,because there is no living without them4 #fg4 ,when it is all on one side4 #fh4 ,because the cat'll 7cattle7 eat it4 #fi4 ,because he is one beside himself4 #gj4 ,because the sooner they are carried out the better4 #ga4 ,u1 because it is always in fun4 #gb4 ,because ,gee 7,g7 makes it ,go4 #gc4 ,the one is 8hard up0 and the other soft down4 #gd4 ,stone4 #ge4 ,because it makes oil boil4 #gf4 ,quick4 #gg4 ,the elephant the most1 because he never travels without his trunk4 ,the fox and the cock the least1 because they have only one brush and comb between them4 #gh4 ,none2 they are all carried to it4 #gi4 ,cake1 which is only occasionally 8tipsy10 while wine is always drunk4 #hj4 ,the one who has the largest head4 #ha4 ,because they sell what they knead 7need7 themselves4 #hb4 ,the ,great ,bear 7grate bare74 #hc4 ,his daughter4 #hd4 ,when he is turned into a meadow4 #he4 ,the new moon2 because the full moon is a great deal lighter4 #hf4 ,make the waistcoat and trousers first4 #hg4 ,because he takes you in with an open countenance4 #hh4 ,because for every grain they give a peck4 #hi4 ,noise4 #ij4 ,your mother4 #ia4 ,for divers reasons4 #ib4 ,for sun-dry reasons4 #ic4 ,dates4 #id4 ,because it is always in waiting4 #ie4 ,the letter ,i4 #if4 ,like to be drowned4 #ig4 ,because they are in happiness1 while all the rest are in purgatory4 #ih4 ,because it is the end of beef4 #ii4 ,the outside4 #ajj4 ,your pillow4 #aja4 ,because the sooner it is put on the better4 #ajb4 ,b natural4 #ajc4 ,haste4 #ajd4 ,the letter ,m4 #aje4 ,the letter ,s4 ,s7,,ix74 #ajf4 ,because his wicked works are brought to light4 #ajg4 ,a nail in a shoe4 #ajh4 ,because no one was clever enough to make out his policy4 #aji4 ,because he puts down three and carries one4 #aaj4 ,because it is very often passed over4 #aaa4 ,advice4 #aab4 ,his son4 #aac4 ,a bed4 #aad4 ,his foot4 #aae4 ,a lie1 of course4 #aaf4 ,a jest4 #aag4 8,the ,lay of the ,last ,minstrel40 #aah4 ,a man used to deceit4 ,can best counterfeit 7count her feet72 ,and so1 ,i suppose1 ,he could best count her toes4 #aai4 ,throw him out of a second-story window1 and let him come down plump4 #abj4 ,the one is happy and careless the other cappy and hairless4 #aba4 ,when the first apple cursed the first pair 7pear74 #abb4 ,from a swan's breast4 #abc4 ,because they were two relatives without an antecedent4 #abd4 ,a ditch4 #abe4 ,because women make fools of them4 #abf4 ,because it is apt to split4 #abg4 ,a footman4 #abh4 ,the dove1 because she minds her peas and coos 7p's and q's74 #abi4 ,sunday1 because all the others are weak days4 #acj4 ,tie a knot in his tail1 and call it a pig's tie 7pig-stye74 #aca4 ,because he's an ass4 #acb4 ,in the dictionary4 #acc4 ,the one speaks without reflecting1 the other reflects without speaking4 #acd4 ,because he can always eat the sand which is 7sandwiches7 there4 #ace4 ,because they die just 7digest7 before they eat them4 #acf4 ,against his inclination4 #acg4 ,maid of ,orleans1 of course4 #ach4 ,because she makes both ends meet4 #aci4 ,because without a tail it is nothing4 #adj4 ,because he had no knife4 #ada4 ,rooks1 because they never complain without caws4 #adb4 ,a pair of post-horses 7which have only the postilion's leg between them74 #adc4 ,insatiate4 #add4 ,cod4 #ade4 ,chocolate4 #adf4 ,tea-chest4 #adg4 ,won-der4 #adh4 ,on6 ,stanley6 on6--,on-i-on4 #adi4 ,a toast4 #aej4 ,the letter ,e4 #aea4 ,wel-come4 #aeb4 ,la-tin4 #aec4 ,rhu-barb4 #aed4 ,bow-string4 #aee4 ,the letter ,h4 ,,rebusses4 ,,the ,,following ,,are ,,rebusses ,,on ,,the ,,names ,,of ,,birds4 #a4 ,a child's plaything4 #b4 ,what we all do at every meal4 #c4 ,a disorder incident to man and horse4 #d4 ,nothing1 twice yourself1 and fifty4 #e4 ,what we should always be ready to do to persons fighting1 and the top of a house4 #f4 ,equality and decay4 #g4 ,a celebrated ,english architect4 #h4 ,a tailor's implement4 #i4 ,a lever4 #aj4 ,an instrument for raising weights4 #aa4 ,three-eighths of a monthly publication1 with a baked dish4 #ab4 ,a valuable species of corn1 and a very necessary part of it4 #ac4 ,a cheated person4 #ad4 ,a distant country4 #ae4 ,spoil half a score4 #af4 ,the defence of a bridge4 #ag4 ,an instrument of diversion for men and boys4 #ah4 ,a piece of wood1 and a fashionable name for a street4 #ai4 ,to cut off1 and a vowel4 #bj4 ,a piece of land1 and a good thing which it produces4 #ba4 ,what we say a person has got when he falls into the water4 #bb4 ,an ,animal which a ,jew must not eat1 a vowel1 and a preposition4 #bc4 ,i am found in a jail2 ,i belong to a fire2 ,and am seen in a gutter abounding in mire3 ,put my last letter third1 and then 'twill be found ,i belong to a king1 without changing my sound4 #bd4 ,ye rebus wits1 ,now mind your hits2 ,for your's the task ,my name to unmask3 ,a fruit we eat1 ,as sauce to meat2 ,and with fish too1 ,that wants a gout2 ,one letter1 pray1 ,take quite away2 ,a point of land ,you'll understand ,which sailors dread ,too near their lead1 ,but when embay'd1 ,enjoy its shade3 ,one more letter ,then unfetter ,the thing that's left1 ,when thus bereft1 ,is worn by all1 ,both great and small1 ,from king and queen ,to beggar mean4 ,,anagrams4 #a4 ,ten tea pots4 #b4 ,sly ,ware4 #c4 ,it's in charity4 #d4 ,golden land4 #e4 ,great helps4 #f4 ,rare mad frolic4 #g4 ,honor est a ,nilo4 #h4 ,hard case4 #i4 ,claims ,arthur's seat4 #aj4 ,no1 appear not at ,elba4 #aa4 ,no more stars4 #ab4 ,o poison ,pitt4 #ac4 ,i hire parsons4 #ad4 ,got as a clue4 #ae4 ,to love ruin4 #af4 ,best in prayer4 #ag4 ,nay1 ,i repent it4 #ah4 ,veto4 ,un corse la finira4 #ai4 ,comical trade4 #bj4 ,spare him not4 #ba4 ,real fun4 #bb4 ,in ,magic tale4 #bc4 ,evil fast4 #bd4 ,yes ,milton4 #be4 ',tis ye govern4 #bf4 ,see a pug dog4 #bg4 ,a just master4 #bh4 ,made in pint pots4 #bi4 ,a hot pen4 #cj4 ,i call many sot4 #ca4 ,a nice ,pet4 #cb4 ,the bar4 #cc4 ,the law4 #cd4 ,truly he'll see war4 #ce4 ,i send into ,siam4 #cf4 ,true1 ,i am in4 #cg4 ,hire a prison4 #ch4 ,there we sat4 ,,logogriphs4 #a4 ,a creature was formerly seen in ,england1 which has lately been expelled from it1 and which has some very peculiar properties appertaining to it4 ,it stands upon one leg1--on which1 without any body1 is seen a great square head4 ,it has three eyes1 of which the centre is by far the largest2 indeed so much so1 that it has before now contained two more4 ,the head is of a very peculiar construction1 but exactly suited to its design3 whenever it is about to be used1 it is separated in halves1 and1 when reconnected1 is held up to the gaze of an insolent rabble4 ,all the notice1 however1 which it generally attracts1 results from its being the effectual means of exhibiting another to the gaze of a hostile crowd4 ,such is this when entire2 but when divided1 and cut to pieces1 a curious and careful observer may collect all that follows1 by a selection and appropriate arrangement of its fragments4 ,a dose of medicine conveyed in a very agreeable manner1 as1 however nauseous its ingredients may have originally been1 it is quite tasteless4 ,such a state of the physical powers as requires such a dose4 ,a part of the face1 of a color quite different from the rest1 and the more handsome1 the greater the difference4 ,a public record on which many are very anxious to get their names entered2 or1 to descend from great things to small1 a substance that is devoured every morning for breakfast4 ,a river which flows through a very delightful and agreeable part of ,europe4 ,what curious people are very fond of doing4 ,what a candidate1 for your vote at the next general election1 if he should think it worth his while1 will demand4 ,a very poetical portion of the watery element1 which murmurs and meanders in the description of many a poetaster4 ,a quality of resinous substances4 ,a female nickname4 ,what is very necessary to be done occasionally in your shrubbery4 ,an exclamation of surprise4 ,a flower displaying more to admire than ,solomon in all his glory4 ,to tear4 ,the expressed juice of olives1--and its adjective4 ,a conjunction4 ,and two initial letters1 whose reiterated sounds have drowned the voices of strutting monarchs and ephemeral heroes4 #b4 ,ye who in mystic lines delight1 ,unveil and bring me forth to light1 ,nor deem me tiresome1 if my song ,should1 like myself1 prove wondrous long4 ,it may perhaps excite your mirth1 ,that animals to me give birth2 ,yet vegetables oftener claim ,the honor to produce the same4 ,one time as white as snow ,i'm seen1 ,another1 red1 blue1 yellow1 green2 ,the friendly brown ,i also wear1 ,or in a sable garb appear3 ,the rhetorician owns my power1 ,for though well dressed with many a flower ,his florid speech would gain no praise1 ,but1 losing me1 contempt would raise4 ,but now my name you surely know1 ,dissected in the lines below4 ,that power to which we all must bend2 ,and what we call a valued friend2 ,a goddess of revengeful fame2 ,and ,abram's near relation's name2 ,two articles in common use2 ,and what we oft complain of news2 ,a weed which grew upon the plain1 ,suffer'd till harvest to remain2 ,two quadrupeds will next appear1 ,which both conduce to sport and cheer2 ,a third1 a noxious little creature2 ,and what adds charms to simple nature2 ,a fruit2 a color2 and a date ,a firm support of ,britain's state2 ,what high1 yet low1 we wish to be2 ,a term for one who goes to sea2 ,one thing another oft put over2 ,two things by this you may discover1-- ,to make my hint somewhat more plain1 ,one keeps the other from the rain2 ,the vital spring of every woe2 ,and every pleasure that we know2 ,what's always done whene'er we walk2 ,and what we do when others talk2 ,with what we've done when they give o'er ,two notes in music next explore2 ,what1 join'd to home1 is sent about1 ,as invitation to a rout2 ,what oft we see upon the plain2 ,two little words denoting pain1 ,or quick surprise1 or laughter vain ,a sign of sorrow2 mark of spirit2 ,what envy bears superior merit2 ,a fragrant shrub we oft infuse3 ,two pronouns in most frequent use2 ,a passion which the envious feel2 ,a weapon pointed oft with steel2 ,one of the properties of stone2 ,a term for misanthrope well known2 ,what oft in summer months we feel2 ,what aids when secrets you reveal2 ,what sinful deeds should ever be2 ,what's daily done by you and me4 ,if all these meanings you expound1 ,just five and forty will be found4 #c4 ,i was before the world begun1 ,before ,god made the rising sun2 ,before ,he made the lesser lights ,to drive the darkness from the nights4 ,i'm at the bottom of the sea1 ,and ,i am in immensity2 ,the daily motion of the earth ,dispels me1 and to me gives birth2 ,you cannot see me if you try1 ,although ,i'm oft before your eye4 ,such is my whole4 ,but for one part ,you'll find in taste ,i'm rather tart2-- ,now ,i become th' abode of men1-- ,and now for meaner things1 a pen2 ,i am a man who lives by drinking1-- ,anon ,i keep a weight from sinking2 ,to take me1 folks go far and near1 ,i am what children like to hear2 ,i am a shining star on high1 ,and ,i'm its pathway through the sky2 ,i take the strength from iron and steel1-- ,am sometimes left behind a wheel2 ,i am a term of due respect1-- ,am used in ,english to connect2 ,i'm made to represent a head1-- ,am found on every loaf of bread4 ,such are the many forms ,i take1 ,all these1 and many more ,i make2 ,yet1 after all1 so strange am ,i1 ,soon as you know me1 then ,i die4 #d ,the man of letters finds me in his books2 ,the angler by the side of babbling brooks2 ,the sportsman seeks me with his dog and gun2 ,in foreign lands the traveler thinks ,i'm won2 ,the spendthrift hopes to buy me with his gold2 ,and childhood has me when a tale is told2 ,the love of me decoys the giddy youth1 ,from useful studies1 till he learns this truth1 8,all those who seek me only1 most ,i fly20 ,lastly1 when you my hidden sense descry1 ,you'll own that for my sake you pondered long ,the countless changes1 that to me belong4 ,such am ,i as a whole--but for one part1-- ,the youth invokes me when he feels love's dart2 ,the ,swiss1 when exiled from his native vales1 ,hears me with anguish1 and his fate bewails2 ,new zest ,i add to scandal's busy hour2 ,and adverse winds and tides confess my power2 ,i am the dazzling source whence colors flow2 ,the sluggard's teacher2 and your equal now2 ,without me sails were useless2 then a word ,expressing like2 and now meek woman's lord2 ,to measure next2 anon to add2 to vex2 ,the gentle office of the weaker sex2 ,i'm flesh1 not fish--,i'm silent ever2 ,sought by all ranks1 on earth found never2 ,your near relation1 and the squirrel's food2 ,what you would keep when in a lazy mood2 ,neptune's abode2 the forest monarch's pride2 ,a term to the departed souls applied2 ,what you possess1 but others oftener use2 ,your coat must have me1 spite of what you choose2 ,now the soft clime of 8the cedar and vine20 ,and last1 a short word importing new wine4 ,more could ,i tell1 but ,i bid you adieu1 ,lest by prating ,i cause my own loss to you4 ,,solutions ,,to ,,rebusses4 #a4 ,kite4 #b4 ,swallow4 #c4 ,thrush4 #d4 ,,owl4 #e4 ,partridge4 #f4 ,parrot4 #g4 ,wren4 #h4 ,goose4 #i4 ,crow4 #aj4 ,crane4 #aa4 ,magpie4 #ab4 ,wheatear4 #ac4 ,gull4 #ad4 ,turkey4 #ae4 ,marten4 #af4 ,starling4 #ag4 ,bat4 #ah4 ,sparrow4 #ai4 ,snipe4 #bj4 ,fieldfare4 #ba4 ,duck4 #bb4 ,pigeon4 #bc4 ,grate2 great4 #bd4 ,caper2 cape2 cap4 ,,solutions ,,to ,,anagrams4 #a4 ,potentates4 #b4 ,lawyers4 #c4 ,christianity4 #d4 ,old ,england4 #e4 ,telegraphs4 #f4 ,radical reform4 #g4 ,horatio ,nelson4 #h4 ,charades4 #i4 ,charles ,james ,stuart4 #aj4 ,napoleon ,bonaparte4 #aa4 ,astronomers4 #ab4 ,the opposition4 #ac4 ,parishioners4 #ad4 ,catalogues4 #ae4 ,revolution4 #af4 ,presbyterian4 #ag4 ,penitentiary4 #ah4 ,la ,revolution ,franaise4 #ai4 ,democratical4 #bj4 ,misanthrope4 #ba4 ,funeral4 #bb4 ,enigmatical4 #bc4 ,festival4 #bd4 ,solemnity4 #be4 ,sovereignty4 #bf4 ,pedagogues4 #bg4 ,james ,stuart4 #bh4 ,disappointment4 #bi4 ,phaeton4 #cj4 ,monastically4 #ca4 ,patience4 #cb4 ,breath4 #cc4 ,wealth4 #cd4 ,arthur ,wellesley4 #ce4 ,dissemination4 #cf4 ,miniature4 #cg4 ,parishioner4 #ch4 ,sweetheart4 ,,solutions ,,to ,,logogriphs4 #a4 ,pillory3 in which may be found pill2 ill2 lip2 roll2 ,po2 pry2 poll2 rill2 ropy2 ,polly2 lop2 lo2 lily2 rip2 oil2 oily2 or2 ,o4 ,p4 #b4 ,thread3 in which may be found1 death2 dear2 ,ate2 ,terah2 the2 dearth2 tare2 hare2 hart2 rat2 art2 a2 date2 red2 era2 trade2 rated2 tar2 hat2 head2 heart2 tread2 hear2 heard2 re2 da2 at1 herd2 ah2 ha2 tear2 dare2 hate2 tea2 her2 eh2 hated2 dart2 hard2 hater2 heat2 ear2 hatred2 eat4 #c4 ,obscurity3 in which may be found1 sour2 city2 sty2 sot2 buoy2 tour2 story2 orb3 orbit2 rust2 rut2 sir2 or2 bust2 crust4 #d4 ,amusement3 in which may be found1 ,muse2 tea2 stream2 sun2 ant2 mate2 mast2 as2 man2 mete2 sum2 tease2 amuse2 meat2 mute2 ease2 aunt2 nut2 seat2 sea2 mane2 manes2 name2 seam2 east2 strum4 ,some persons cannot1 without considerable difficulty1 find the proper answer to an enigma or a rebus2 while others1 of no greater general acuteness1 do so with ease4 ,it is no proof1 therefore1 of inferiority1 not to be able to reply to a quaint conundrum1 so quickly as another4 ,many young people have displayed much ingenuity in the construction of different sorts of riddles in rhyme1--they are1 in general1 the most happy in solving those of others4 ,the admirers of these frequently amusing trifles1 consider opposition in their component parts1 or curious combinations1 to be most essential in the construction of good riddles4 ,,charades4 ,in some form or other1 the game of charades is played in almost every country under the sun4 ,the most popular form is as follows3 ,send one-half the company out of the room1 the others remaining as audience4 ,rooms separated by double doors or portires are best for the scene of action4 ,the party outside thinks of some word which can be represented entire1 in pantomime or tableau4 ,thus1 the door opening1 discloses a half dozen young girls standing in a line1 while one of the acting party announces that this striking tableau represents the name of a famous orator4 ,the audience failing to guess1 is told that ,cicero 7,sissy-row7 is the man4 ,again just as the clock strikes ten1 the doors opening1 reveal a lady eating an apple or any convenient edible1 while a gentleman who stands near1 points to the clock and then at her4 ,this being correctly guessed to represent 8attenuate10 7at ten you ate7 the other side goes from the room and the previous performers become the audience4 ,there are a host of words which1 with a little ingenuity and the aid of a dictionary1 may be turned to account4 ,for example3 ,ingratiate4 7,in grey she ate47 ,catering4 7,kate4 ,her ring47 ,hero4 7,he row47 ,tennessee4 7,ten1 ,i see47 ,and so on4 ,clever players will devise new and amusing combinations in the game4 ,charades may be performed after a variety of different fashions4 ,first is the highly finished charade1 with speech and action carefully prepared and duly rehearsed4 ,secondly1 the spoken charade1 got up on the spur of the moment1 words and action alike ex tempore4 ,we have seen a good deal of fun got out of charades of this description2 but unless the actors are of more than average ability1 and have some little dramatic experience1 the chances are much against any very satisfactory result4 ,on the whole1 we should strongly recommend1 that where a charade is got up ex tempore1 it should be acted in pantomime only4 ,it is of course understood that1 whatever be the particular mode of performance1 a charade always represents a 8word0 to be guessed1 with one scene to each syllable 7or group of consecutive syllables71 and a final scene representing the whole word4 ,the successive scenes are sometimes wholly independent of each other1 but in the more finished class of charades are made parts of a complete drama4 ,the following are good charade words3-- ,knighthood1 ,penitent1 ,looking-glass1 ,hornpipe1 ,necklace1 ,indolent1 ,light-house1 ,hamlet1 ,pantry1 ,phantom1 ,windfall1 ,infancy1 ,snow-ball1 ,definite1 ,bowstring1 ,carpet1 ,sunday1 ,shylock1 ,earwig1 ,matrimony1 ,cowhiding1 ,welcome1 ,sweepstake1 ,sackcloth1 ,antidote1 ,antimony1 ,pearl-powder1 ,king-fisher1 ,football1 ,housekeeping1 ,friendship1 ,horsemanship1 ,coltsfoot1 ,bridegroom1 ,housemaid1 ,curl-papers1 ,crumpet4 ,it will be obvious that in some of these instances1 as1 for instance1 8,sweepstake10 8,housekeeping10 two syllables must be taken together to supply the motif for a single scene4 ,we will take the word 8,windfall10 as affording a ready illustration of the pantomime charade1 and be it remembered that1 in charades of this description1 the shorter and simpler the action the better4 ,thus the scene1 8,wind10 may be represented by a ,german ,band1 puffing away at imaginary ophicleides and trombones1 with distended cheeks and frantic energy1 though in perfect silence4 ,the next scene1 8,fall10 may be a party of boys on a slide1 who 8keep the pot-a-boiling0 for a moment or two1 and then exeunt4 ,enter an elderly gentleman1 with umbrella up2 walks unsuspectingly on to the slide1 and falls4 ,it should be mentioned1 that the expedient adopted in the very early days of the drama1 of putting up a placard to notify1 8,this is a street40 8,this is the quarter-deck of the ,baltimore10 is quite correct in the case of a pantomime charade4 ,the complete word1 8,windfall10 may be represented by a young man sitting alone1 leaning his elbows on his hands1 and having every appearance of being in the last stage of impecuniosity4 ,to produce this effect1 he may go through a pantomime of examining his purse and showing it empty1 searching his pockets1 and turning them one by one inside out1 shaking his head mournfully1 and sitting down again1 throwing into his expression as much despair as he conveniently can4 ,a letter carrier's whistle is heard2 a servant enters with a legal-looking letter4 ,the impecunious hero1 tearing it open1 produces from it a roll of bank-notes 7these1 if a due supply of the genuine article does not happen to be readily obtainable1 may be of the 8,bank of ,elegance0 description71 and forthwith gives way to demonstrations of the most extravagant delight1 upon which the curtain falls4 ,a very absurd1 but not the less meritorious1 charade of this class is represented as follows3--,the curtain rises 7i4 e41 the folding-doors are thrown open71 and a placard is seen denoting1 8,this is ,madison ,square10 or any other place where professional men most do congregate4 ,two gentlemen in out-door costumes cross the stage from opposite sides1 and bow gravely on passing each other1 one of them saying1 as they do so1 8,good-morning1 doctor40 ,the curtain falls1 and the audience are informed that the charade1 which represents a word of six syllables1 is complete in that one scene4 ,when the spectators have guessed1 or been told that the word is 8met-a-physician10 the curtain again rises on precisely the same scene1 and the same performance1 action for action1 and word for word1 is repeated over again4 ,the audience hazard the same word 8metaphysician10 as the answer1 but are informed that they are wrong1--the word now represented having only three syllables1 and they ultimately discover that the word is 8metaphor0 7met afore74 ,in another charade of similar character1 if the audience be classically inclined1 when the curtain rises1 nothing is seen but a little toy wooden horse1 such as can be bought for fifty cents4 ,the spectators are told that this forms a word of two syllables1 representing an island in the gean ,sea4 ,if the spectators are well up in ancient geography1 they may possibly guess that ,delos 7deal 'oss7 is referred to4 ,the curtain falls1 and again rises on the same contemptible object1 which is now stated to represent a second island in the same part of the world4 ,the classical reader will at once see that ,samos 7same 'oss7 is intended4 ,again the curtain rises on the representation of another island4 ,two little wooden horses now occupy the scene1 ,paros 7pair 'oss7 being the island referred to4 ,once more the curtain rises1 this time on a group of charming damsels1 each reclining in a woe-begone attitude1 surrounded by pill-boxes and physic-bottles1 and apparently suffering from some painful malady4 ,this scene represents a word of three syllables1 and is stated to include all that has gone before4 ,cyclades 7sick ladies71 the name of the group to which ,delos1 ,samos1 and ,paros belong1 is of course the answer4 ,another comical charade is a performance representing the word 8imitation40 ,the spectators are informed that the charade about to be performed can only be exhibited to one person at a time4 ,one person is accordingly admitted into the room in which the actors are congregated4 ,the unhappy wight stares about him with curiosity1 not unmingled with apprehension1 fearing to be made the victim of some practical joke2 nor is his comfort increased by finding that his every look or action is faithfully copied by each person present4 ,this continues until he has either guessed or given up the word1 when a fresh victim is admitted1 and the new initiate becomes in turn one of the actors4 ,sometimes1 however1 the victim manages to turn the laugh against his persecutors4 ,we have known a young lady1 seeing through the joke1 quietly take a chair1 and remain motionless1 reducing the matter to a simple trial of patience between herself and the company4 ,acted charades1 to be successful1 demand much care and preparation4 ,there are numerous printed collections of charades of this kind1 obtainable from any bookseller4 ,whatever be the charade selected1 we cannot too strongly impress upon the reader the advantage of frequent and careful rehearsal4 ,,juvenile ,,games4 8,,what ,d',,ye ,,buy80 ,this game may be played by any number from three to thirteen4 ,there are a dozen good-sized pieces of cardboard1 each bearing a colored illustration of one of the 8trades0 following3 viz41 a milliner1 a fishmonger1 a greengrocer1 plumber1 a music-seller1 a toyman1 mason1 a pastrycook1 a hardware-man1 a tailor1 a poulterer1 and a doctor4 ,besides these there are a number of smaller tickets1 half a dozen to each trade4 ,each of these has the name of the particular trade and also the name of some article in which the particular tradesman in question may be considered to deal4 ,a book accompanies the cards1 containing a nonsense story1 with a blank at the end of each sentence4 ,one of the players is chosen as leader1 and the others each select a trade1 receiving the appropriate picture1 and the six cards containing the names of the articles in which the tradesman deals4 ,he places his 8sign0 before him on the table1 and holds the remainder of his cards in his hand4 ,the leader then reads the story1 and whenever he comes to one of the blanks1 he glances towards one of the other players1 who must immediately1 under penalty of a forfeit1 supply the blank with some article he sells1 at the same time laying down the card bearing its name4 ,the incongruity of the article named with the context make the fun of the game1 which is heightened by the vigilance which each player must exercise in order to avoid a forfeit4 ,where the number of players is very small1 each may undertake two or more trades4 ,we will quote a small portion of the story1 by way of illustration4 ,the concluding words indicate the trade of the person at whom the leader glances to fill up a given hiatus4 8,ladies and gentlemen1 ,i propose to relate some curious adventures which befell me and my wife ,peggy the other day1 but as ,i am troubled with a complaint called #8,non mi ricordo1' or the #8,can't remembers1' ,i shall want each of you to tell me what you sell3 therefore when ,i stop and look at one of you1 you must be brisk in recommending your goods4 ,whoever does not name something before ,i count #8three' must pay a forfeit4 ,attention6 8,last ,friday week ,i was awoke very early in the morning by a loud knocking at my door in ,humguffin ,court4 ,i got up in a great fright1 and put on0--7looks at ,toyman1 who replies1 8a fool's cap and bells10 and lays down that card74 8,when ,i got downstairs1 who should there be but a fat porter1 with a knot1 on which he carried0--7,poulterer7 8a pound of pork sausages40 8#8,hallo6' said ,i1 #8my fine fellow1 what do you want at this time of day8' ,he answered0--7,fishmonger7 8,a cod's head and shoulders40 8#8,get along with you1' ,i said2 #8there's my neighbor1 ,dr4 ,drenchall1 ,i see1 wants'0--7,butcher7 8a sheep's head40 8,i now went up to shave1 but my soap-dish was gone1 and the maid brought me instead0--7,milliner7 8a lady's chip hat40 8,my razor had been taken to chop firewood1 so ,i used0--7,greengrocer7 8a cucumber40 8,i then washed my face in0--7,doctor7 8a cup of quinine10 8cleaned my teeth with0--7,fishmonger7 8a fresh herring10 and 8combed my hair with0--7,pastrycook7 8a jam tart40 8,my best coat was taken possession of by pussy and kittens1 so ,i whipped on0--7hardware-man7 8a dripping pan40 8,the monkey1 seeing how funny ,i looked1 snatched off my wig1 and clapped on my head0--7,poulterer7 8a fat hen40 8,i now awoke my wife1 and asked her what she had nice for breakfast2 she said0--7,doctor7 8a mustard plaster40 8,then ,i scolded ,sukey1 the servant1 and called her0 7,poulterer7 8a tough old turkey40 8,but she saucily told me ,i was no better than0--7,music-seller7 8an old fiddle40 8,i soon had enough of that1 so ,i asked my wife to go with me to buy0--7,tailor7 8a pair of trousers40 8,but she said she must have her lunch first1 which consisted of----0 etc41 etc41 through half a dozen pages1 the tradesmen supplying more or less appropriate articles to fill up the gaps in the discourse4 8,a ,,trip ,,to ,,paris40 ,there is another game on the same principle1 known by the somewhat ambitious title of 8,the most ,laughable ,thing on ,earth2 or ,a ,trip to ,paris40 ,the tickets for this game are nearly #aej in number1 each containing name and grotesque sketch of some article or articles1 as 8a hod of mortar10 8a guinea-pig10 8a basin of gruel10 8a wheelbarrow10 8a jar of pickles10 8a tub of soft soap10 8two dozen eggs10 8,jemima's new bonnet10 8some castor-oil10 8a penny whistle10 8a peck of peas10 etc41 etc4 ,the game is full of innocent nonsense and played precisely as in the last case 7save that there is no reference to any particular trades74 ,the story to be read by the leader commences as follows3 8,brown1 ,jones1 and ,robinson were walking together in the streets of ,boston1 when ,brown suddenly exclaimed1 #8,i will go to ,paris1 and return the personification of ----' 8#8,i1 too1' said ,jones1 #8should like to see ,paris1 but ,i have not got ----' 8#8,and ,i should like to accompany you1' said ,robinson1 #8if ,i knew ----' 8#8,go with us then10 said ,brown1 #8and we'll have ----' 8#8,there's an excursion train to ,new ,york in the morning2 we can see the 8lions0 there on our way1 and then take ----' 8,it was now #8,pack and off6' ,brown went to bid his friends good-bye1 giving to each a parting gift4 ,to an old schoolfellow he gave ---- 8,to ,matilda ,jane1 a young lady who laid claim to his heart1 he gave1 with a kiss1 ---- 8,now1 ,matilda ,jane would not be outdone1 so she kissed him twice1 and begged him to accept of ---- 8,brown was perplexed1 but he took the gift1 and going home was saluted by the children1 who shouted1 #8,there goes a man with ----' 8,that night he had wonderful dreams2 he thought he was chased by ---- 8,and that he was trying to crowd into his carpetbag ---- 8,when a man came along and charged him with stealing ---- 8,he was enraged at this1 and was about to pitch into the man1 when he awoke1 and found it all a dream1 caused by his having eaten for supper ---- 8,he was early at the station1 and on asking for a ticket1 the clerk gave him ----0 ,and so on1 in like manner4 ,these last games1 as a change from graver recreations1 make a good deal of fun1 particularly with young players4 ,,the ,,cook ,,who ,,doesn',t ,,like ,,peas4 ,the fun of this game depends on a fair proportion of the players not being acquainted with it4 ,the leader begins1 addressing the first player1 8,i have a cook who doesn't like peas 7p's72 what will you give her for her dinner80 ,the person addressed1 if acquainted with the secret1 avoids the letter p in his answer1 and1 for example1 says1 8,i will give her some walnuts40 ,the question is then asked of the second person1 who1 if unacquainted with the trick1 is likely enough to offer some delicacy which contains the letter p2 e4 g41 potatoes1 asparagus1 pork1 apple-pie1 pickled cabbage1 peanuts1 etc41 etc4 ,when this occurs1 the offender is called upon to pay a forfeit1 but the precise nature of his offence is not explained to him4 ,he is simply told1 in answer to his expostulations1 that 8the cook doesn't like p's40 ,when a sufficient number of forfeits has been extracted1 the secret is revealed1 and those who have not already guessed it are aggravated by being told over and over again that the cook did not like p's1 and if they would persist in giving them to her1 they must1 of course1 take the consequences4 ,,word-,,making4 ,it is surprising what a fund of amusement may be derived by the children from four or five alphabets1 printed on card-board1 and then cut up into1 say1 half-inch squares1 with a single letter on each4 ,a double supply of vowels will be found an advantage4 ,the most simple mode of using the alphabets is for one person to pick out the letters forming some word1 e4 g41 8nevertheless10 and then hand them1 well mixed together1 to another player1 who endeavors to discover what word they form4 ,another game is played as follows4--,the players1 each of whom is supplied with paper and pencil1 are divided equally into two sides1 and the leader having selected a word1 suppose 8notwithstanding10 each party sets to work to see how many different words they can make of the same letters4 7,thus from the word above suggested may be made 8not1 with1 stand1 standing1 gin1 ton1 to1 wig1 wit1 his1 twit1 tan1 has1 had1 an1 nod1 tow1 this1 sat1 that1 sit1 sin1 tin1 wing1 what1 who1 wish1 win1 wan1 won10 and probably a host of others47 ,a scrutiny is then taken1 all words common to both parties being struck out4 ,the remainder are then compared1 and the victory is adjudged to the one having the largest number of words4 ,sometimes the division into sides is dispensed with1 and each player depends on himself4 ,another purpose for which the alphabets in question is used is that of forming anagrams1 in the composition of which they are a very great assistance1 but this is hardly simple enough for children4 ,we are inclined to doubt whether the results obtained in this game bear a fair proportion to the labor involved2 though it is unquestionable that once in a way an anagram is produced that is curiously appropriate4 ,we may instance the following3 ,telegraph1 ,great help1 ,florence ,nightingale1 ,flit on1 cheering angel1 ,astronomers1 ,moon starers4 ,a fourth ,spelling ,game is played by each person drawing1 say twenty letters hap-hazard1 and trying to form them into a sentence1 the palm of merit being awarded to the player who at the same time produces the most coherent phrase1 and also succeeds in using the greatest proportion of the letters assigned to him4 ,,the 8,,young ,,folks' ,,concert40 ,the little players sit or stand round the room in a circle4 ,the leader assigns to each some musical instrument1 as harp1 flute1 violoncello1 trombone1 etc41 and also selects one for himself4 ,some well-known tune is then given out1 say 8,yankee ,doodle10 and the players all begin to play accordingly1 each doing his best to imitate1 both in sound and action1 the instrument which has been assigned to him1 the effect being generally extremely harmonious4 ,the leader commences with his own instrument1 but without any warning suddenly ceases1 and begins instead to perform on the instrument assigned to one or other of the players4 ,such player is bound to notice the change1 and forthwith to take to the instrument just abandoned by the leader1 incurring a forfeit if he fails to do so4 ,,mary',s ,,little ,,lamb4 ,this is a great favorite with the young folks4 ,when everything else has become tiresome1 some one starts the first line of the verse1 ,mary had a little lamb1 ,fleece as white as snow1 etc4 ,all sing1 and on the second verse being reached the last syllable of the first line is dropped1 then the next to the last1 the third1 the fourth and so on1 until the line is totally omitted4 ,the aim of the singers is to keep exact time1 counting a beat for each omitted syllable1 and any one whose voice breaks in when all should be silent1 pays a forfeit4 ,the same can be done with 8,john ,brown's ,body10 repeating the first verse and omitting syllable after syllable at the end of the first line until there is nothing left to sing but the chorus4 ,,funny ,,outlines4 ,the artistic faculty of the young folks is in this case brought into requisition4 ,slips of paper being distributed1 each young player marks on his slip a crooked line of any shape he or she pleases4 ,the papers are then exchanged1 and each has to draw some sort of figure1 working in as part of the outline the crooked line already drawn by his neighbor4 ,the best plan in this game is to allow the line already drawn1 if possible1 to suggest some figure1 and to work out that idea4 ,it is of course understood that the works of art to be produced are only expected to be of the very roughest description4 ,if there is a difficulty in dealing with the outline as it stands1 the player is entitled to place it on its side1 or even upside down1 if he prefers it4 ,thus a curve may suggest a swan1 a square may give a hint of a house1 a wave-line of a snake or an eel1 a long sweeping curve may fit in as a horse's back1 or an irregular outline may afford an idea for a comical face4 ,the sketches produced with strict regard to the conditions of the game will be found full of fun and novelty1 if not characterized by any high degree of art4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcriber's ,notes3 ,obvious punctuation errors repaired4 ,page #fd1 8initals0 changed to 8initials0 7of their initials7 ,page #fe1 for the text version the superscripted 8d0 was changed to 8'd0 7,s'd be glad7 ,page #fg1 repeated word 8the0 removed from text4 ,original read 7,if the the sermon has begun7 ,pages #ii and #ajc1 the illustration caption is the section header for the next problem4 ,page #acd1 8,where0 changed to 8,were0 7,were you very sorry7 ,page #agj1 8villian0 changed 8villain0 7leaves of the villain7 ,page #agc1 8o0 changed to 8to0 7adapted to the cone7 ,page #bje1 8gallaries0 changed to 8galleries0 7and other galleries7 ,page #bcj1 8quart0 changed to 8quarter0 7to contain a quarter7 ,page #bej1 8noisest0 changed to 8noisiest0 7,o the noisiest of all7 ,page #bgd1 8liftle0 changed to 8little0 7noxious little creature7 ,page #bhg1 8surrround0 changed to 8surround0 7surrounded by pill-boxes7