,created from scans by the ,university of ,toronto1 available through the ,internet ,archive4 ,transcriber's ,note ,minor emendations have been made to punctuation and spelling4 ,,st ,,john ,,damascene ,imprimatur ,herbertus ,cardinalis ,vaughan ,archiepiscopus ,westmonasteriensis ,die #ab ,augusti #ahih ,,st ,,john ,,damascene ,,on ,,holy ,,images 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#g;a,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fb#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ja;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#cj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b7 ,,followed ,,by ,,three ,,sermons ,,on ,,the ,,assumption 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b7 ,,translated ,,from ,,the ,,original ,,greek ,,by ,,mary ,h4 ,,allies ,london ,,thomas ,,baker #a ,,soho ,,square1 ,w4 #ahih ,,translator',s ,,preface ,a ,treatise on ,images will not be out of place in a public1 which is confusing the making of images with the making of idols4 ,a great ,christian of the eighth century found himself called upon to face an imperial ,iconoclast4 ,he would willingly have remained silent1 but he would not bury his talent of eloquence4 ,he brought it forth and witnessed to the teaching of the ,church in language which present 'exciting scenes' in ,anglican churches brings home in the most forcible way4 ,our ,english image breakers are in the camp of ,leo the ,isaurian1 who in the eighth century waged war against holy images1 on the plausible pretext that they withdrew honour from ,god4 ,the seventh ,general ,council condemned his assault1 and it determined the different kinds of worship1 using the ,greek terms of latreia and douleia4 ,the special champion of holy ,images is ,st ,john ,damascene1 whose treatise is now published for the first time in ,english4 ,every article in the creed has its special defender4 ,st ,john ,damascene proclaims the ,communion of ,saints and the honour of ,god through ,his chosen and favoured servants4 ,no part of ,catholic belief is a vain word1 nor can the true children of the ,church say with their lips what they do not hold in their hearts4 ,i believe in the ,communion of ,saints follows upon ,i believe in ,god1 so that the enemies of the ,saints are the enemies of ,god4 ,this is the doctrine which ,st ,john ,damascene traces back to the eternal ages before time was1 in the divine ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd of the ,father in the ,person of the ,son4 ,god1 the ,son1 is the ,image by essence1 and then ,he becomes a visible image or form in time1 clothed in flesh and blood1 showing us by ,his own example that our worship of ,god is through corporeal things4 ,again and again the ,saint repeats that as we must not make an image of the ,invisible ,god1 so neither must we refuse to look upon the ,son1 ,his ,image1 first in eternity1 and then ,incarnate4 ,what are the consequences of rejecting divinely appointed images8 ,hopeless and heart-destroying doubt caused by the undue exaltation of humanity3 in other words1 creature1 instead of divine1 worship4 ,we are so constituted that images we must have3 our minds cannot reach ,god's throne without the help of corporeal things4 ,agnosticism has said it4 ,we cannot love what we do not know1 and is not ,god unknowable8 ,halting formularies say it when they point to matter1 which ,god has glorified1 as inglorious4 ,and halting formularies lead to halting souls1 and to the proclamation of the strange device that religious truth is of no consequence so long as men lead good lives4 ,the sermons on the ,assumption were preached by the ,saint in or about a4d4 #gbg4 ,according to ,alban ,butler1 he had special reasons for honouring the ,mother of ,god4 ,by her intercession he regained the use of his strong right hand4 ,it was a practical demonstration of ,catholic teaching1 ,we reach ,god most surely through those who love ,him best1 and thus the ,protestant phrase1 which expresses a purely ,catholic thought 'straight to ,god1' is exemplified in the ,communion of ,saints4 ,st ,john's language about the ,,greek ,,capital ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jcih;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g will astonish those who stigmatise the love of her as a ',roman corruption4' ,the crowning triumph of the ,assumption follows justly on the divine maternity4 ,her body was all pure1 because her all holy 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a7 soul made it the resting-place of our ,lord4 ,the ,mother is so identified with the ,son that her life is part of ,his4 ,the tomb is not for her1 and thus the writer of the eighth century bears full testimony to ,catholic tradition4 ,all believers are at one in wishing to reach ,god2 the question is one of detail4 ,which is the shortest road8 ,st ,john ,damascene speaks with the ,church when he says it is through the glorification of matter in the ,person of the ,eternal ,word4 ,either give matter its proper place1 or take away matter which the ,lord ,himself has exalted1 and we are no longer composite beings1 but spirits ill at ease in a material world4 ,take away the ,king's army1 and you uncrown the ,king ,himself4 ,forget ,his ,mother1 and with her the connecting link between earth and heaven4 ,then we may be heathens once more1 groping after the unknown ,god1 and our latter state will be more appalling than the heathendom of old1 before the light had appeared to illumine earth's dark places4 ,,contents ,,part ,i4 ,,apologia ,,of ,,st ,,john ,,damascene ,,against ,,those ,,who ,,decry ,,holy ,,images 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 #a ,,part ,,ii4 ,,the ,,same 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 #ee ,,part ,,iii4 ,,the ,,same 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444 #hg ,,sermon ,i4 ,,on ,,the ,,assumption 444444444444444444444444444444444444 #adg ,,sermon ,,ii4 ,,the ,,same 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 #aga ,,sermon ,,iii4 ,,the ,,same 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444 #bja ,,part ,i4 ,,apologia ,,of ,,st ,,john ,,damascene ,,against ,,those ,,who ,,decry ,,holy ,,images4 ,with the ever-present conviction of my own unworthiness1 ,i ought to have kept silence and confessed my shortcomings before ,god1 but all things are good at the right time4 ,i see the ,church which ,god founded on the ,apostles and ,prophets1 its corner-stone being ,christ ,his ,son1 tossed on an angry sea1 beaten by rushing waves1 shaken and troubled by the assaults of evil spirits4 ,i see rents in the seamless robe of ,christ1 which impious men have sought to part asunder1 and ,his body cut into pieces1 that is1 the word of ,god and the ancient tradition of the ,church4 ,therefore ,i have judged it unreasonable to keep silence and to hold my tongue1 bearing in mind the ,scripture warning3--',if thou withdrawest thyself1 my soul shall not delight in thee1' and ',if thou seest the sword coming and dost not warn thy brother1 ,i shall require his blood at thy hand4' ,fear1 then1 compelled me to speak2 the truth was stronger than the majesty of kings4 ',i bore testimony to ,thee before kings1' ,i heard the royal#a ,david saying1 'and ,i was' not ashamed4 ,no1 ,i was the more incited to speak4 ,the ,king's command is all powerful over his subjects4 ,for few men have hitherto been found who1 whilst recognising the power of the earthly king to come from above1 have resisted his unlawful demands4 ,in the first place1 grasping as a kind of pillar1 or foundation1 the teaching of the ,church1 which is our salvation1 ,i have opened out its meaning1 giving1 as it were1 the reins to a well-caparisoned charger4#b ,for ,i look upon it as a great calamity that the ,church1 adorned with her great privileges and the holiest examples of saints in the past1 should go back to the first rudiments1 and fear where there is no fear4 ,it is disastrous to suppose that the ,church does not know ,god as ,he is1 that she degenerates into idolatry1 for if she declines from perfection in a single iota1 it is as an enduring mark on a comely face1 destroying by its unsightliness the beauty of the whole4 ,a small thing is not small when it leads to something great1 nor indeed is it a thing of no matter to give up the ancient tradition of the ,church held by our forefathers1 whose conduct we should observe1 and whose faith we should imitate4 ,in the first place1 then1 before speaking to you1 ,i beseech ,almighty ,god1 to whom all things lie open1 who knows my small capacity and my genuine intention1 to bless the words of my mouth1 and to enable me to bridle my mind and direct it to ,him1 to walk in ,his presence straightly1 not declining to a plausible right hand1 nor knowing the left4 ,then ,i ask all ,god's people1 the chosen ones of ,his royal priesthood1 with the holy shepherd of ,christ's orthodox flock1 who represents in his own person ,christ's priesthood1 to receive my treatise with kindness4 ,they must not dwell on my unworthiness1 nor seek for eloquence1 for ,i am only too conscious of my shortcomings4 ,they must consider the thoughts themselves4 ,the kingdom of heaven is not in word but in deed4 ,conquest is not my object4 ,i raise a hand which is fighting for the truth--a willing hand under the divine guidance4 ,relying1 then1 upon substantial truth as my auxiliary1 ,i will enter on my subject matter4 ,i have taken heed to the words of ,truth ,himself3--',the ,lord thy ,god is one4' ,and ',thou shalt fear the ,lord thy ,god1 and shalt serve ,him only1 and thou shalt not have strange gods4' ,again1 ',thou shalt not make to thyself a graven thing1 nor the likeness of anything that is in heaven above1 or in the earth beneath'2 and ',let them be all confounded that adore graven things4' ,again1 ',the gods that have not made heaven and earth1 let them perish4' ,in this way ,god spoke of old to the patriarchs through the prophets1 and lastly1 through ,his only-begotten ,son1 on whose account ,he made the ages4 ,he says1 ',this is eternal life1 that they may know ,thee1 the only true ,god1 and ,jesus ,christ whom ,thou didst send4' ,i believe in one ,god1 the source of all things1 without beginning1 uncreated1 immortal1 everlasting1 incomprehensible1 bodiless1 invisible1 uncircumscribed1#c without form4 ,i believe in one supersubstantial being1 one divine ,godhead in three entities1 the ,father1 the ,son1 and the ,holy ,ghost1 and ,i adore ,him alone with the worship of latreia4 ,i adore one ,god1 one ,godhead but three ,persons1 ,god the ,father1 ,god the ,son made flesh1 and ,god the ,holy ,ghost1 one ,god4 ,i do not adore creation more than the ,creator1 but ,i adore the creature created as ,i am1 adopting creation freely and spontaneously that ,he might elevate our nature and make us partakers of ,his divine nature4 ,together with my ,lord and ,king ,i worship ,him clothed in the flesh1 not as if it were a garment or ,he constituted a fourth person of the ,trinity--,god forbid4 ,that flesh is divine1 and endures after its assumption4 ,human nature was not lost in the ,godhead1 but just as the ,word made flesh remained the ,word1 so flesh became the ,word remaining flesh1 becoming1 rather1 one with the ,word through union 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h' ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd74 ,therefore ,i venture to draw an image of the invisible ,god1 not as invisible1 but as having become visible for our sakes through flesh and blood4 ,i do not draw an image of the immortal ,godhead4 ,i paint the visible flesh of ,god1 for it is impossible to represent a spirit 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,psi ,u#jc;c#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd71 how much more ,god who gives breath to the spirit4 ,now adversaries say3 ,god's commands to ,moses the law-giver were1 ',thou shalt adore the ,lord thy ,god1 and thou shalt worship him alone1 and thou shalt not make to thyself a graven thing that is in heaven above1 or in the earth beneath4' ,they err truly1 not knowing the ,scriptures1 for the letter kills whilst the spirit quickens--not finding in the letter the hidden meaning4 ,i could say to these people1 with justice1 ,he who taught you this would teach you the following4 ,listen to the law-giver's interpretation in ,deuteronomy3 ',and the ,lord spoke to you from the midst of the fire4 ,you heard the voice of ,his words1 but you saw not any form at all4' ,and shortly afterwards3 ',keep your souls carefully4 ,you saw not any similitude in the day that the ,lord ,god spoke to you in ,horeb from the midst of the fire1 lest perhaps being deceived you might make you a graven similitude1 or image of male and female1 the similitude of any beasts that are upon the earth1 or of birds that fly under heaven4' ,and again1 ',lest1 perhaps1 lifting up thy eyes to heaven1 thou see the sun and the moon1 and all the stars of heaven1 and being deceived by error thou adore and serve them4' ,you see the one thing to be aimed at is not to adore a created thing more than the ,creator1 nor to give the worship of latreia except to ,him alone4 ,by worship1 consequently1 ,he always understands the worship of latreia4 ,for1 again1 ,he says3 ',thou shalt not have strange gods other than ,me4 ,thou shalt not make to thyself a graven thing1 nor any similitude4 ,thou shalt not adore them1 and thou shalt not serve them1 for ,i am the ,lord thy ,god4' ,and again1 ',overthrow their altars1 and break down their statues2 burn their groves with fire1 and break their idols in pieces4 ,for thou shalt not adore a strange god4' ,and a little further on3 ',thou shalt not make to thyself gods of metal4' ,you see that ,he forbids image-making on account of idolatry1 and that it is impossible to make an image of the immeasurable1 uncircumscribed1 invisible ,god4 ,you have not seen the likeness of ,him1 the ,scripture says1 and this was ,st ,paul's testimony as he stood in the midst of the ,areopagus3 ',being1 therefore1 the offspring of ,god1 we must not suppose the divinity to be like unto gold1 or silver1 or stone1 the graving of art1 and device of man4' ,these injunctions were given to the ,jews on account of their proneness to idolatry4 ,now we1 on the contrary1 are no longer in leading strings4 ,speaking theologically1 it is given to us to avoid superstitious error1 to be with ,god in the knowledge of the truth1 to worship ,god alone1 to enjoy the fulness of ,his knowledge4 ,we have passed the stage of infancy1 and reached the perfection of manhood4 ,we receive our habit of mind from ,god1 and know what may be imaged and what may not4 ,the ,scripture says1 ',you have not seen the likeness of ,him4' ,what wisdom in the law-giver4 ,how depict the invisible8 ,how picture the inconceivable8 ,how give expression to the limitless1 the immeasurable1 the invisible8 ,how give a form to immensity8 ,how paint immortality8 ,how localise mystery8 ,it is clear that when you contemplate ,god1 who is a pure spirit1 becoming man for your sake1 you will be able to clothe ,him with the human form4 ,when the ,invisible ,one becomes visible to flesh1 you may then draw a likeness of ,his form4 ,when ,he who is a pure spirit1 without form or limit1 immeasurable in the boundlessness of ,his own nature1 existing as ,god1 takes upon ,himself the form of a servant in substance and in stature1 and a body of flesh1 then you may draw ,his likeness1 and show it to anyone willing to contemplate it4 ,depict ,his ineffable condescension1 ,his virginal birth1 ,his baptism in the ,jordan1 ,his transfiguration on ,thabor1 ,his all-powerful sufferings1 ,his death and miracles1 the proofs of ,his ,godhead1 the deeds which ,he worked in the flesh through divine power1 ,his saving ,cross1 ,his ,sepulchre1 and resurrection1 and ascent into heaven4 ,give to it all the endurance of engraving and colour4 ,have no fear or anxiety2 worship is not all of the same kind4 ,abraham worshipped the sons of ,emmor1 impious men in ignorance of ,god1 when he bought the double cave for a tomb4 ,jacob worshipped his brother ,esau and ,pharao1 the ,egyptian1 but on the point of his staff#d ,he worshipped1 he did not adore4 ,josue and ,daniel worshipped an angel of ,god2 they did not adore him4 ,the worship of latreia is one thing1 and the worship which is given to merit another4 ,now1 as we are talking of images and worship1 let us analyse the exact meaning of each4 ,an image is a likeness of the original with a certain difference1 for it is not an exact reproduction of the original4 ,thus1 the ,son is the living1 substantial1 unchangeable ,image of the invisible ,god1 bearing in ,himself the whole ,father1 being in all things equal to ,him1 differing only in being begotten by the ,father1 who is the ,begetter2 the ,son is begotten4 ,the ,father does not proceed from the ,son1 but the ,son from the ,father4 ,it is through the ,son1 though not after ,him1 that ,he is what ,he is1 the ,father who generates4 ,in ,god1 too1 there are representations and images of ,his future acts1--that is to say1 ,his counsel from all eternity1 which is ever unchangeable4 ,that which is divine is immutable2 there is no change in ,him1 nor shadow of change4 ,blessed ,denis 7the ,carthusian7 who has made divine things in ,god's presence his study1 says that these representations and images are marked out beforehand4 ,in ,his counsels1 ,god has noted and settled all that ,he would do1 the unchanging future events before they came to pass4 ,in the same way1 a man who wished to build a house1 would first make and think out a plan4 ,again1 visible things are images of invisible and intangible things1 on which they throw a faint light4 ,holy ,scripture clothes in figure ,god and the angels1 and the same holy man 7,blessed ,denis7 explains why4 ,when sensible things sufficiently render what is beyond sense1 and give a form to what is intangible1 a medium would be reckoned imperfect according to our standard1 if it did not fully represent material vision1 or if it required effort of mind4 ,if1 therefore1 ,holy ,scripture1 providing for our need1 ever putting before us what is intangible1 clothes it in flesh1 does it not make an image of what is thus invested with our nature1 and brought to the level of our desires1 yet invisible8 ,a certain conception through the senses thus takes place in the brain1 which was not there before1 and is transmitted to the judicial faculty1 and added to the mental store4 ,gregory1 who is so eloquent about ,god1 says that the mind which is set upon getting beyond corporeal things1 is incapable of doing it4 ,for the invisible things of ,god since the creation of the world are made visible through images4 ,we see images in creation which remind us faintly of ,god1 as when1 for instance1 we speak of the holy and adorable ,trinity1 imaged by the sun1 or light1 or burning rays1 or by a running fountain1 or a full river1 or by the mind1 speech1 or the spirit within us1 or by a rose tree1 or a sprouting flower1 or a sweet fragrance4 ,again1 an image is expressive of something in the future1 mystically shadowing forth what is to happen4 ,for instance1 the ark represents the image of ,our ,lady1 ,mother of ,god1#e so does the staff and the earthen jar4 ,the serpent brings before us ,him who vanquished on the ,cross the bite of the original serpent2 the sea1 water1 and the cloud the grace of baptism4 ,again1 things which have taken place are expressed by images for the remembrance either of a wonder1 or an honour1 or dishonour1 or good or evil1 to help those who look upon it in after times that we may avoid evils and imitate goodness4 ,it is of two kinds1 the written image in books1 as when ,god had the law inscribed on tablets1 and when ,he enjoined that the lives of holy men should be recorded and sensible memorials be preserved in remembrance2 as1 for instance1 the earthen jar and the staff in the ark4 ,so now we preserve in writing the images and the good deeds of the past4 ,either1 therefore1 take away images altogether and be out of harmony with ,god who made these regulations1 or receive them with the language and in the manner which befits them4 ,in speaking of the manner let us go into the question of worship4 ,worship is the symbol of veneration and of honour4 ,let us understand that there are different degrees of worship4 ,first of all the worship of latreia1 which we show to ,god1 who alone by nature is worthy of worship4 ,then1 for the sake of ,god who is worshipful by nature1 we honour ,his saints and servants1 as ,josue and ,daniel worshipped an angel1 and ,david ,his holy places1 when he says1 ',let us go to the place where ,his feet have stood4' ,again1 in ,his tabernacles1 as when all the people of ,israel adored in the tent1 and standing round the temple in ,jerusalem1 fixing their gaze upon it from all sides1 and worshipping from that day to this1 or in the rulers established by ,him1 as ,jacob rendered homage to ,esau1 his elder brother1 and to ,pharao1 the divinely established ruler4 ,joseph was worshipped by his brothers4 ,i am aware that worship was based on honour1 as in the case of ,abraham and the sons of ,emmor4 ,either1 then1 do away with worship1 or receive it altogether according to its proper measure4 ,answer me this question4 ,is there only one ,god8 ,you answer1 ',yes1 there is only one ,law-giver4' ,why1 then1 does ,he command contrary things8 ,the cherubim are not outside of creation2 why1 then1 does ,he allow cherubim carved by the hand of man to overshadow the mercy-seat8 ,is it not evident that as it is impossible to make an image of ,god1 who is uncircumscribed and impassible1 or of one like to ,god1 creation should not be worshipped as ,god4 ,he allows the image of the cherubim who are circumscribed1#f and prostrate in adoration before the divine throne1 to be made1 and thus prostrate to overshadow the mercy-seat4 ,it was fitting that the image of the heavenly choirs should overshadow the divine mysteries4 ,would you say that the ark and staff and mercy-seat were not made8 ,are they not produced by the hand of man8 ,are they not due to what you call contemptible matter8 ,what was the tabernacle itself8 ,was it not an image8 ,was it not a type and a figure8 ,hence the holy ,apostle's words concerning the observances of the law1 ',who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things4' ,as it was answered to ,moses1 when he was to finish the tabernacle3 ',see' 7,he says71 'that thou make all things according to the pattern which was shown thee on the ,mount4' ,but the law was not an image4 ,it shrouded the image4 ,in the words of the same ,apostle1 the law contains the shadow of the goods to come1 not the image of those things4 ,for if the law should forbid images1 and yet be itself a forerunner of images1 what should we say8 ,if the tabernacle was a figure1 and the type of a type1 why does the law not prohibit image-making8 ,but this is not in the least the case4 ,there is a time for everything4 ,of old1 ,god the incorporeal and uncircumscribed was never depicted4 ,now1 however1 when ,god is seen clothed in flesh1 and conversing with men1 ,i make an image of the ,god whom ,i see4 ,i do not worship matter1 ,i worship the ,god of matter1 who became matter for my sake1 and deigned to inhabit matter1 who worked out my salvation through matter4 ,i will not cease from honouring that matter which works my salvation4 ,i venerate it1 though not as ,god4 ,how could ,god be born out of lifeless things8 ,and if ,god's body is ,god by union 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h' ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd71 it is immutable4 ,the nature of ,god remains the same as before1 the flesh created in time is quickened by a logical and reasoning soul4 ,i honour all matter besides1 and venerate it4 ,through it1 filled1 as it were1 with a divine power and grace1 my salvation has come to me4 ,was not the thrice happy and thrice blessed wood of the ,cross matter8 ,was not the sacred and holy mountain of ,calvary matter8 ,what of the life-giving rock1 the ,holy ,sepulchre1 the source of our resurrection3 was it not matter8 ,is not the most holy book of the ,gospels matter8 ,is not the blessed table matter which gives us the ,bread of ,life8 ,are not the gold and silver matter1 out of which crosses and altar-plate and chalices are made8 ,and before all these things1 is not the body and blood of our ,lord matter8 ,either do away with the veneration and worship due to all these things1 or submit to the tradition of the ,church in the worship of images1 honouring ,god and ,his friends1 and following in this the grace of the ,holy ,spirit4 ,do not despise matter1 for it is not despicable4 ,nothing is that which ,god has made4 ,this is the ,manichean heresy4 ,that alone is despicable which does not come from ,god1 but is our own invention1 the spontaneous choice of will to disregard the natural law1--that is to say1 sin4 ,if1 therefore1 you dishonour and give up images1 because they are produced by matter1 consider what the ,scripture says3 ,and the ,lord spoke to ,moses1 saying1 ',behold ,i have called by name ,beseleel1 the son of ,uri1 the son of ,hur1 of the tribe of ,juda4 ,and ,i have filled him with the spirit of ,god1 with wisdom and understanding1 and knowledge in all manner of work4 ,to devise whatsoever may be artificially made of gold1 and silver1 and brass1 of marble and precious stones1 and variety of wood4 ,and ,i have given him for his companion1 ,ooliab1 the son of ,achisamech1 of the tribe of ,dan4 ,and ,i have put wisdom in the heart of every skilful man1 that they may make all things which ,i have commanded thee4' ,and again3 ',moses said to all the assembly of the children of ,israel3 ,this is the word the ,lord hath commanded1 saying3 ,set aside with you first fruits to the ,lord4 ,let every one that is willing and hath a ready heart1 offer them to the ,lord1 gold1 and silver1 and brass1 violet1 and purple1 and scarlet twice dyed1 and fine linen1 goat's hair1 and ram's skins died red and violet1 coloured skins1 selim-wood1 and oil to maintain lights and to make ointment1 and most sweet incense1 onyx stones1 and precious stones for the adorning of the ephod and the rational4 ,whosoever of you is wise1 let him come1 and make that which the ,lord hath commanded4' ,see you here the glorification of matter which you make inglorious4 ,what is more insignificant than goat's hair or colours8 ,are not scarlet and purple and hyacinth colours8 ,now1 consider the handiwork of man becoming the likeness of the cherubim4 ,how1 then1 can you make the law a pretence for giving up what it orders8 ,if you invoke it against images1 you should keep the ,sabbath1 and practise circumcision4 ,it is certain that 'if you observe the law1 ,christ will not profit you4 ,you who are justified in the law1 you are fallen from grace4' ,israel of old did not see ,god1 but we see the ,lord's glory face to face4 ,we proclaim ,him also by our senses on all sides1 and we sanctify the noblest sense1 which is that of sight4 ,the image is a memorial1 just what words are to a listening ear4 ,what a book is to the literate1 that an image is to the illiterate4 ,the image speaks to the sight as words to the ear2 it brings us understanding4 ,hence ,god ordered the ark to be made of imperishable wood1 and to be gilded outside and in1 and the tablets to be put in it1 and the staff and the golden urn containing the manna1 for a remembrance of the past and a type of the future4 ,who can say these were not images and far-sounding heralds8 ,and they did not hang on the walls of the tabernacle2 but in sight of all the people who looked towards them1 they were brought forward for the worship and adoration of ,god1 who made use of them4 ,it is evident that they were not worshipped for themselves1 but that the people were led through them to remember past signs1 and to worship the ,god of wonders4 ,they were images to serve as recollections1 not divine1 but leading to divine things by divine power4 ,and ,god ordered twelve stones to be taken out of the ,jordan1 and specified why4 ,for he says3 ',when your son asks you the meaning of these stones1 tell him how the water left the ,jordan by the divine command1 and how the ark was saved and the whole people4' ,how1 then1 shall we not record on image the saving pains and wonders of ,christ our ,lord1 so that when my child asks me1 ',what is this8' ,i may say1 that ,god the ,word became man1 and that for ,his sake not ,israel alone passed through the ,jordan1 but all the human race gained their original happiness4 ,through ,him human nature rose from the lowest depths of the earth higher than the skies1 and in ,his ,person sat down on the throne ,his ,father had prepared for ,him4 ,but the adversary says3 ',make an image of ,christ or of ,his mother who bore ,him 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd71 and let that be sufficient4' ,o what folly this is6 ,on your own showing1 you are absolutely against the saints4 ,for if you make an image of ,christ and not of the saints1 it is evident that you do not disown images1 but the honour of the saints4 ,you make statues indeed of ,christ as of one glorified1 whilst you reject the saints as unworthy of honour1 and call truth a falsehood4 ',i live1' says the ,lord1 'and ,i will glorify those who glorify ,me4' ,and the divine ,apostle3 therefore now he is not a servant1 but a son4 ',and if a son1 an heir also through ,god4' ,again1 ',if we suffer with ,him1 that we also may be glorified3' you are not waging war against images1 but against the saints4 ,st ,john1 who rested on ,his breast1 says1 that we shall be like to ,him3 just as a man by contact with fire becomes fire1 not by nature1 but by contact and by burning and by participation1 so is it1 ,i apprehend1 with the flesh of the ,crucified ,son of ,god4 ,that flesh1 by participation through union 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h' ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd7 with the divine nature1 was unchangeably ,god1 not in virtue of grace from ,god as was the case with each of the prophets1 but by the presence of the ,fountain ,head ,himself4 ,god1 the ,scripture says1 stood in the synagogue of the gods1 so that the saints1 too1 are gods4 ,holy ,gregory takes the words1 ',god stands in the midst of the gods1' to mean that ,he discriminates their several merits4 ,the saints in their lifetime were filled with the ,holy ,spirit1 and when they are no more1 ,his grace abides with their spirits and with their bodies in their tombs1 and also with their likenesses and holy images1 not by nature1 but by grace and divine power4 ,god charged ,david to build ,him a temple through his son1 and to prepare a place of rest4 ,solomon1 in building the temple1 made the cherubim1 as the book of ,kings says4 ,and he encompassed the cherubim with gold1 and all the walls in a circle1 and he had the cherubim carved1 and palms inside and out1 in a circle1 not from the sides1 be it observed4 ,and there were bulls and lions and pomegranates4 ,is it not more seemly to decorate all the walls of the ,lord's house with holy forms and images rather than with beasts and plants8 ,where is the law declaring 'thou shalt not make any graven image'8 ,but ,solomon receiving the gift of wisdom1 imaging heaven1 made the cherubim1 and the likenesses of bulls and lions1 which the law forbade4 ,now if we make a statue of ,christ1 and likenesses of the saints1 does not their being filled with the ,holy ,ghost increase the piety of our homage8 ,as then the people and the temple were purified in blood and in burnt offerings1 so now the ,blood of ,christ giving testimony under ,pontius ,pilate1 and being ,himself the first fruits of the martyrs1 the ,church is built up on the blood of the saints4 ,then the signs and forms of lifeless animals figured forth the human tabernacle1 the martyrs themselves whom they were preparing for ,god's abode4 ,we depict ,christ as our ,king and ,lord1 and do not deprive ,him of ,his army4 ,the saints constitute the ,lord's army4 ,let the earthly king dismiss his army before he gives up his ,king and ,lord4 ,let him put off the purple before he takes honour away from his most valiant men who have conquered their passions4 ,for if the saints are heirs of ,god1 and co-heirs of ,christ1 they will be also partakers of the divine glory of sovereignty4 ,if the friends of ,god have had a part in the sufferings of ,christ1 how shall they not receive a share of ,his glory even on earth8 ',i call you not servants1' our ,lord says1 'you are my friends4' ,should we then deprive them of the honour given to them by the ,church8 ,what audacity6 ,what boldness of mind1 to fight ,god and ,his commands6 ,you1 who refuse to worship images1 would not worship the ,son of ,god1 the ,living ,image of the invisible ,god1 and ,his unchanging form4 ,i worship the image of ,christ as the ,incarnate ,god2 that of ,our ,lady 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,dasia ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#de;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e71 the ,mother of us all1 as the ,mother of ,god's ,son2 that of the saints as the friends of ,god4 ,they have withstood sin unto blood1 and followed ,christ in shedding their blood for ,him1 who shed ,his blood for them4 ,i put on record the excellencies and the sufferings of those who have walked in ,his footsteps1 that ,i may sanctify myself1 and be fired with the zeal of imitation4 ,st ,basil says1 ',honouring the image leads to the prototype4' ,if you raise churches to the saints of ,god1 raise also their trophies4 ,the temple of old was not built in the name of any man4 ,the death of the just was a cause of tears1 not of feasting4 ,a man who touched a corpse was considered unclean1 even if the corpse was ,moses himself4 ,but now the memories of the saints are kept with rejoicings4 ,the dead body of ,jacob was wept over1 whilst there is joy over the death of ,stephen4 ,therefore1 either give up the solemn commemorations of the saints1 which are not according to the old law1 or accept images which are also against it1 as you say4 ,but it is impossible not to keep with rejoicing the memories of the saints4 ,the ,holy ,apostles and ,fathers are at one in enjoining them4 ,from the time that ,god the ,word became flesh ,he is as we are in everything except sin1 and of our nature1 without confusion4 ,he has deified our flesh for ever1 and we are in very deed sanctified through ,his ,godhead and the union of ,his flesh with it4 ,and from the time that ,god1 the ,son of ,god1 impassible by reason of ,his ,godhead1 chose to suffer voluntarily ,he wiped out our debt1 also paying for us a most full and noble ransom4 ,we are truly free through the sacred blood of the ,son pleading for us with the ,father4 ,and we are indeed delivered from corruption since ,he descended into hell to the souls detained there through centuries and gave the captives their freedom1 sight to the blind1 and chaining the strong one4#g ,he rose in the plenitude of ,his power1 keeping the flesh of immortality which ,he had taken for us4 ,and since we have been born again of water and the ,spirit1 we are truly sons and heirs of ,god4 ,hence ,st ,paul calls the faithful holy2 hence we do not grieve but rejoice over the death of the saints4 ,we are then no longer under grace1 being justified through faith1 and knowing the one true ,god4 ,the just man is not bound by the law4 ,we are not held by the letter of the law1 nor do we serve as children1 but grown into the perfect estate of man we are fed on solid food1 not on that which conduces to idolatry4 ,the law is good as a light shining in a dark place until the day breaks4 ,your hearts have already been illuminated1 the living water of ,god's knowledge has run over the tempestuous seas of heathendom1 and we may all know ,god4 ,the old creation has passed away1 and all things are renovated4 ,the holy ,apostle ,paul said to ,st ,peter1 the chief of the ,apostles3#h ',if you1 being a ,jew1 live as a heathen and not a ,jew1 how will you persuade heathens to do as ,jews do8' ,and to the ,galatians3 ',i will bear witness to every circumcised man that it is salutary to fulfil the whole law4' ,of old they who did not know ,god1 worshipped false gods4 ,but now1 knowing ,god1 or rather being known by ,him1 how can we return to bare and naked rudiments8 ,i have looked upon the human form of ,god1 and my soul has been saved4 ,i gaze upon the image of ,god1 as ,jacob did1 though in a different way4 ,jacob sounded the note of the future1 seeing with immaterial sight1 whilst the image of ,him who is visible to flesh is burnt into my soul4 ,the shadow and winding sheet and relics of the apostles cured sickness1 and put demons to flight4 ,how1 then1 shall not the shadow and the statues of the saints be glorified8 ,either do away with the worship of all matter1 or be not an innovator4 ,do not disturb the boundaries of centuries1 put up by your fathers4 ,it is not in writing only that they have bequeathed to us the tradition of the ,church1 but also in certain unwritten examples4 ,in the twenty-seventh book of his work1 in thirty chapters addressed to ,amphilochios concerning the ,holy ,spirit1 ,st ,basil says1 ',in the cherished teaching and dogmas of the ,church1 we hold some things by written documents2 others we have received in mystery from the apostolical tradition4' ,both are of equal value for the soul's growth4 ,no one will dispute this who has considered even a little the discipline of the ,church4 ,for if we neglect unwritten customs1 as not having much weight1 we bury in oblivion the most pertinent facts connected with the ,gospel4 ,these are the great ,basil's words4 ,how do we know the ,holy place of ,calvary1 or the ,holy ,sepulchre8 ,does it not rest on a tradition handed down from father to son8 ,it is written that our ,lord was crucified on ,calvary1 and buried in a tomb1 which ,joseph hewed out of the rock2 but it is unwritten tradition which identifies these spots1 and does more things of the same kind4 ,whence come the three immersions at baptism1 praying with face turned towards the east1 and the tradition of the mysteries8#i ,hence ,st ,paul says1 ,therefore1 brethren1 stand fast1 and hold the traditions which you have learned either by word1 or by our epistle4 ,as1 then1 so much has been handed down in the ,church1 and is observed down to the present day1 why disparage images8 ,if you bring forward certain practices1 they do not inculpate our worship of images1 but the worship of heathens who make them idols4 ,because heathens do it foolishly1 this is no reason for objecting to our pious practice4 ,if the same magicians and sorcerers use supplication1 so does the ,church with catechumens2 the former invoke devils1 but the ,church calls upon ,god against devils4 ,heathens have raised up images to demons1 whom they call gods4 ,now we have raised them to the one ,incarnate ,god1 to ,his servants and friends1 who are proof against the diabolical hosts4 ,if1 again1 you object that the great ,epiphanius thoroughly rejected images1 ,i would say in the first place the work in question is fictitious and unauthentic4 ,it bears the name of some one who did not write it1 which used to be commonly done4 ,secondly1 we know that blessed ,athanasius objected to the bodies of saints being put into chests1 and that he preferred their burial in the ground1 wishing to set at nought the strange custom of the ,egyptians1 who did not bury their dead under ground1 but set them upon beds and couches4 ,thus1 supposing that he really wrote this work1 the great ,epiphanius1 wishing to correct something of the same kind1 ordered that images should not be used4 ,the proof that he did not object to images1 is to be found in his own church1 which is adorned with images to this day4 ,thirdly1 the exception is not a law to the ,church1 neither does one swallow make summer1 as it seems to ,gregory the theologian1 and to the truth4 ,neither can one expression overturn the tradition of the whole ,church which is spread throughout the world4 ,accept1 therefore1 the teaching of ,scripture and spiritual writers4 ,if the ,scripture does call the idols of heathens silver and gold1 and the works of man's hand1 it does not forbid the adoration of inanimate things1 or man's handiwork1 but the adoration of demons4 ,we have seen that prophets worshipped angels1 and men1 and kings1 and the impious1 and even a staff4 ,david says1 ',and you adore ,his footstool4' ,isaias1 speaking in ,god's name1 says1 ',the heavens are my throne1 and the earth my footstool4' ,now1 it is evident to every one that the heavens and the earth are created things4 ,moses1 too1 and ,aaron with all the people adored the work of hands4 ,st ,paul1 the golden grasshopper#aj of the ,church1 says in his ,epistle to the ,hebrews1 ',but ,christ being come1 a high priest of the good things to come1 by a greater and more perfect tabernacle not made by hand1' that is 'not of this creation4' ,and1 again1 ',for ,jesus is not entered into the ,holies made by hands1 the patterns of the true2 but into heaven itself4' ,thus the former holy things1 the tabernacle1 and everything within it1 were made by hands1 and no one denies that they were adored4 ,authentic ,testimony of ,ancient ,fathers in favour of ,images4 ,st ,denis the ,areopagite4 ,from his ,letter to ,bishop ,titus4 ,instead of attaching the common conception to images1 we should look upon what they symbolise1 and not despise the divine mark and character which they portray1 as sensible images of mysterious and heavenly visions4 ,commentary4--,mark that he cautions us not to despise sacred images4 ,the ,same1 ',on the ,names of ,god4' ,we have taken the same line4 ,on the one side1 through the veiled language of ,scripture and the help of oral tradition1 intellectual things are understood through sensible ones1 and the things above nature by the things that are4 ,forms are given to what is intangible and without shape1 and immaterial perfection is clothed and multiplied in a variety of different symbols4 ,commentary4--,if it be a good work to clothe with shape and form1 according to our standard1 that which is formless1 shapeless1 and without consistency1 how shall we not make images to ourselves in the same way of things perceived through form and shape1 so that we may bear them in mind1 and be moved to imitate what they represent4 ,the ,same1 on the ',ecclesiastical ,hierarchy4' ,now1 if the substances 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i7 and orders above us1 of which we have already made reverent mention1 are without bodies1 their hierarchy is intellectual and above sense4 ,we supply by the variety of sensible symbols the visible order1 which is according to our own measure4 ,those sensible symbols lead us naturally to intellectual conception1 to ,god and ,his divine attributes4 ,spiritual minds form their own spiritual conceptions1 but we are led to the divine vision by sensible images4 ,commentary4--,if1 then1 it be rational that we are led to the divine vision by sensible images1 and if ,divine ,providence mercifully clothes in form and image that which is without either for our benefit1 what is there unseemly about imaging1 according to our capacity1 ,him who graciously disguised ,himself for us in shape and form8 ,a tradition has come down to us that ,angaros1 ,king of ,edessa1 was drawn vehemently to divine love by hearing of our ,lord1#aa and that he sent envoys to ask for ,his likeness4 ,if this were refused1 they were ordered to have a likeness painted4 ,then ,he1 who is all-knowing and all-powerful1 is said to have taken a strip of cloth1 and pressing it to ,his face1 to have left ,his likeness upon the cloth1 which it retains to this day4 ,st ,basil's ,sermon on the ,martyr ,st ,barlam1 beginning1 ',in the first place the death of the saints4' ,arise1 you renowned painters of brave deeds1 who set forth by your art a faint image of the ,general4 ,my praise of the laurel-crowned victor is faint compared to the colours of your brush4 ,i will give up writing on the excellencies of the martyr whom you have crowned4 ,i rejoice at the victory won to-day by your strength4 ,i contemplate the hand put out to the flames1 more powerfully dealt with by you4 ,i see the struggle more clearly depicted on your statue4 ,let demons be enraged even now1 overcome by the martyr's excellencies which you reveal4 ,let the powerful hand be again outstretched to victory4 ,may ,christ our ,lord1 the supreme ,judge of the warfare1 appear in picture4 ,to ,him be glory for ever and ever4 ,amen4 ,from the same1 from the ,thirty ,chapters to ,amphilochios1 on the ,holy ,ghost4--,chap4 xviii4 ,the image of the king is also called the king1 and there are not two kings in consequence4 ,neither is power divided1 nor is glory distributed4 ,just as the reigning power over us is one1 so is our homage one1 not many1 and the honour given to the image reaches back to the original4 ,what the image is in the one case as a representation1 that the ,son is by ,his humanity1 and as in art likeness is according to form1 so in the divine and incommensurable nature 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b7 union is effected in the indwelling ,godhead4 ,commentary4--,if the image of the king is the king1 the image of ,christ is ,christ1 and the image of a saint the saint1 and if power is not divided nor glory distributed1 honouring the image becomes honouring the one who is set forth in image4 ,devils have feared the saints1 and have fled from their shadow4 ,the shadow is an image1 and ,i make an image that ,i may scare demons4 ,if you say that only intellectual worship befits ,god1 take away all corporeal things1 light1 and fragrance1 prayer itself through the physical voice1 the very divine mysteries which are offered through matter1 bread1 and wine1 the oil of chrism1 the sign of the ,cross1 for all this is matter4 ,take away the ,cross1 and the sponge of the ,crucifixion1 and the spear which pierced the life-giving side4 ,either give up honouring these things as impossible1 or do not reject the veneration of images4 ,matter is endued with a divine power through prayer made to those who are depicted in image4 ,purple by itself is simple1 and so is silk1 and the cloak which is made of both4 ,but if the king put it on1 the cloak receives honour from the honour due to the wearer4 ,so is it with matter4 ,by itself it is of no account1 but if the one presented in image be full of grace1 men become partakers of his grace according to their faith4 ,the apostles knew our ,lord with their bodily eyes2 others knew the apostles1 others the martyrs4 ,i1 too1 desire to see them in the spirit and in the flesh1 and to possess a saving remedy as ,i am a composite being4 ,i see with my eyes1 and revere that which represents what ,i honour1 though ,i do not worship it as ,god4 ,now you1 perhaps1 are superior to me1 and are lifted up above bodily things1 and being1 as it were1 not of flesh1 you make light of what is visible1 but as ,i am human and clothed with a body1 ,i desire to see and to be corporeally with the saints4 ,condescend to my humble wish that you may be secure on your heights4 ,god accepts my longing for ,him and for ,his saints4 ,for ,he rejoices at the praises of ,his servant1 according to the great ,st ,basil in his panegyric of the ,forty ,martyrs4 ,listen to the words which he uttered in honour of the martyr ,st ,gordion4 ,from ,st ,basils ,sermon on ,st ,gordion4 ,the mere memory of just deeds is a source of spiritual joy to the whole world2 people are moved to imitate the holiness of which they hear4 ,the life of holy men is as a light illuminating the way for those who would see it4 ,and again1 when we recount the story of holy lives we glorify in the first place the ,lord of those servants1 and we give praise to the servants on account of their testimony1 which is known to us4 ,we rejoice the world through good report4 ,commentary4--,the remembrance of the saints is thus1 you see1 a glory to ,god1 praise of the saints1 joy and salvation to the whole world4 ,why1 then1 would you destroy it8 ,this remembrance is kept by preaching and by images1 says the same great ,st ,basil4 ,the same1 on the ,martyr ,st ,gordion4 ,just as burning follows naturally on fire1 and fragrance on sweet ointment1 so must good arise from holy actions4 ,for it is no small thing to represent past events according to life4 ,is it a dim memory of the man's wrestlings which has come down to us1 and does not the painter's picture tally with our present conflict8 ,now1 as painters draw images from images1 they frequently depart from the original as much as the image itself does1 and as we did not see what they represent1 there is no little fear that we may injure the truth4 ,the same1 at the end4 ,the sun fills us with perpetual wonder1 though always before us1 so the memory of this man is ever fresh4 ,commentary4--,it is evident that it is fresh through sermon and image4 ,testimony of the same1 from his ,sermon on the ,forty ,martyrs4 ,can the lover of the martyrs have too much of their memory8 ,for the honour shown to the just1 our fellow-men1 is a testimony to the goodness of our common ,lord4 ,and again3-- ,recognise the blessedness of the martyr heartily1 that you may be a martyr in will2 thus1 without persecutor1 or fire1 or blows1 found worthy of the same reward4 ,commentary4--,how1 then1 would you dissuade me from honouring the saints1 and be envious of my salvation8 ,listen to what he says a little further on to show that he united the painter's art to oratory4 ,st ,basil4 ,see1 then1 that setting them before us in representation1 we are making them helpful to the living1 exhibiting their holiness to us all as if in a picture4 ,commentary4--,do you understand that both image and sermon teach one lesson8 ,he says3 ',let us show them forth in a sermon as if in a picture4' ,and again3 ,writers and painters point out the struggles of war2 the first by the art of style1 the second with their brush1 and each induce many to be brave4 ,that which a spoken account presents to the hearing1 a silent picture portrays for imitation4 ,commentary4--,what better proof have we that images are the books of the illiterate1 the ever-speaking heralds of honouring the saints1 teaching those who gaze upon them without words1 and sanctifying the spectacle4 ,i have not many books nor time for study1 and ,i go into a church1 the common refuge of souls1 my mind wearied with conflicting thoughts4 ,i see before me a beautiful picture and the sight refreshes me1 and induces me to glorify ,god4 ,i marvel at the martyr's endurance1 at his reward1 and fired with burning zeal1 ,i fall down to adore ,god through ,his martyr1 and receive a grace of salvation4 ,have you not heard the same holy father in his homily on the beginning of the ,psalms1 say that the ,holy ,spirit1 knowing the human race were obstinate and hard to lead1 mixed honey with the psalm-singing8 ,what do you say to this8 ,shall ,i not perpetuate the martyr's testimony both by word and paint brush8 ,shall ,i not embrace with my eyes that which is a wonder to the angels and to the whole world1 formidable to the devil1 a terror to demons1 as the same great ,father says8 ,again1 towards the end of his homily on the forty martyrs1 he exclaims1 ',o sainted band6 ,o sacred fraternity6 ,o invincible army6 protectors of the human race1 solace of the troubled1 hope of your petitioners1 most powerful intercessors1 light of the world1 bloom both intellectual and material of the ,churches6 ,the earth has not hidden you from sight1 heaven has received you4 ,may its gates be opened to you4 ,the spectacle is worthy of angels and patriarchs1 prophets1 and just4' ,commentary4--,how shall ,i not desire to see what the angels desire8 ,st ,basil's brother1 who is one with him in thought1 ,st ,gregory of ,nyssa1 shares his sentiments4 ,st ,gregory of ,nyssa1 from the ',structure of ,man4' ,supplementary4--,just as in human fashion the image makers of the powerful grasp the character of the form and set forth the royal dignity with the insignia of the purple1 and their handiwork is called image or king1 so is it with human nature4 ,as it was created to rule over other creations1 it was made as an animated type or image1 partaking of the original in dignity and name4 ,the same1 ,fifth ,chapter4 ,the divine beauty is not set forth either in form or comeliness of design or colouring1 but is contemplated in speechless blessedness1 according to its virtue4 ,so do painters transfer human forms to canvas through certain colours1 laying on suitable and harmonious tints to the picture1 so as to transfer the beauty of the original to the likeness4 ,commentary4--,you see that the divine beauty is not set forth in form or shape1 and on this account it cannot be conveyed by an image 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#cj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,xi ,u#jc;be,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i73 it is the human form which is transferred to canvas by the artist's brush4 ,if1 therefore1 the ,son of ,god became man1 taking the form of a servant1 and appearing in man's nature1 a perfect man1 why should ,his image not be made8 ,if1 in common parlance1 the king's image is called the king1 and the honour shown to the image redounds to the original1 as holy ,basil says1 why should the image not be honoured and worshipped1 not as ,god1 but as the image of ,god ,incarnate8 ,the same1 from his ,sermon at ,constantinople on the ,godhead of the ,son and of the ,spirit1 and on ,abraham4 ,then the father proceeds to bind his son4 ,i have often seen paintings of this touching scene1 and could not look at it with dry eyes1 art setting it forth so vividly4 ,isaac is lying before the altar1 his legs bound1 his hands tied behind his back4 ,the father approaching the victim1 clasping his hair with the left hand1 stoops over the face so piteously turned towards him1 and holds in his right hand the sword1 ready to strike4 ,already the point of the sword is on the body when the divine voice is heard1 forbidding the consummation4 ,leo1#ab ,bishop of ,neapolis in ,cyprus4 ,from his book against the ,jews1 on the ,adoration of the ,cross1 and the ,statues of the ,saints1 and on ,relics4 ,if you1 ,o ,jew1 reproach me saying that ,i adore the wood of the ,cross as ,god1 why do you not reproach ,jacob1 who worshipped on the point of his staff 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#jd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ja;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e78 ,now it is evident that he was not worshipping wood4 ,so with us2 we are worshipping ,christ through the ,cross1 not the wood of the ,cross4 ,commentary4--,if we adore the ,cross1 made of whatever wood it may be1 how shall we not adore the image of the ,crucified8 ,from the same4 ,abraham worshipped the impious men who sold him the cave1 and bent his knee to the ground1 yet did not worship them as gods4 ,jacob praised ,pharao1 an impious idolator1 yet not as ,god1 and he fell down at the feet of ,esau1 yet did not worship him as ,god4 ,and again1 ,how does ,god order us to worship the earth and mountains8 ',exalt the ,lord your ,god and worship ,him upon ,his holy mountain1 and adore ,his footstool1' that is1 the earth4 ,for heaven is ,my throne1 ,he says1 and the earth ,my footstool4 ,how was it that ,moses worshipped ,jothor1 an idolator1 and ,daniel1 ,nabuchodonosor8 ,how can you reproach me because ,i honour those who honour ,god and show ,him service8 ,tell me1 is it not fitting to worship the saints1 rather than to throw stones at them as you do8 ,is it not right to worship them1 rather than to attack them1 and to fling your benefactors into the mire8 ,if you loved ,god1 you would be ready to honour ,his servants also4 ,and if the bones of the just are unclean1 why were the bones of ,jacob and ,joseph brought with all honour from ,egypt8 ,how was it that a dead man arose again on touching the bones of ,eliseus8 ,if ,god works wonders through bones1 it is evident that ,he can work them through images1 and stones1 and many other things1 as in the case of ,eliseus1 who gave his staff to his servant1 saying1 ',with this go and raise from the dead the son of the ,sunamitess4' ,with his staff ,moses chastised ,pharao1 parted the waters1 struck the rock1 and drew forth the stream4 ,and ,solomon said1 ',blessed is the wood by which justice cometh4' ,eliseus took iron out of the ,jordan with a piece of wood4 ,and again1 the wood is the wood of life1 and the wood of ,sabec1 that is1 of remission4 ,moses humbled the serpent with wood and saved the people4 ,the blossoming rod in the tabernacle confirmed the priesthood of ,aaron4 ,perhaps1 ,o ,jew1 you will tell me that ,god prescribed to ,moses beforehand all the things of the testimony in the tabernacle4 ,now1 ,i say to you that ,solomon made a great variety of things in the temple in carvings and sculpture1 which ,god had not ordered him to do4 ,nor did the tabernacle of the testimony contain them1 nor the temple which ,god showed to ,ezechiel1 nor was ,solomon to be blamed in this4 ,he had had these sculptured images made for the glory of ,god as we do4 ,you1 too1 had many and varied images and signs in the ,old ,testament to serve as a reminder of ,god1 if you had not lost them through ingratitude4 ,for instance1 the rod of ,moses1 the tablets of the law1 the burning bush1 the rock giving forth water1 the ark containing the manna1 the altar set on fire from above 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd71 the lamina bearing the divine name1 the ephod1 the tabernacle overshadowed by ,god4 ,if you had prepared all these things by day and by night1 saying1 ',glory be to ,thee1 ,o ,almighty ,god1 who hast done wonders in ,israel through all these things'2 if through all these ordinances of the law1 carried out of old1 you had fallen on your knees to adore ,god1 you would see that worship is given to ,him by images4 ,and further on3-- ,he who truly loves a friend or the king1 and especially his benefactor1 if he sees that benefactor's son1 or his staff1 or his chair1 or his crown1 or his house1 or his servant1 he holds them fast in his embrace1 and if he honours his benefactor1 the king1 how much more ,god4 ,again ,i repeat it1 would that you had made images according to the law of ,moses and the prophets1 and that day by day you had worshipped the ,god of images4 ,whenever1 then1 you see ,christians adoring the ,cross1 know that they are adoring the ,crucified ,christ1 not the mere wood4#ac ,if1 indeed1 they honoured wood as wood1 they would be bound to worship trees of whatever kind1 as you1 ,o ,israel1 worshipped them of old1 saying to the tree and to the stone1 ',thou art my ,god and didst bring me forth4' ,we do not speak either to the ,cross or to the representations of the saints in this way4 ,they are not our gods1 but books which lie open and are venerated in churches in order to remind us of ,god and to lead us to worship ,him4 ,he who honours the martyr honours ,god1 to whom the martyr bore testimony4 ,he who worships the apostle of ,christ worships ,him who sent the apostle4 ,he who falls at the feet of ,christ's mother most certainly shows honour to her ,son4 ,there is no ,god but one1 ,he who is known and adored in the ,trinity4 ,commentary4--,who is the faithful interpreter of blessed ,epiphanius--,leontius1 whose teaching adorned the island of ,cyprus1 or those who spoke according to their own conceits8 ,listen to the testimony of ,severianus1 ,bishop of the ,gabali4 ,severianus1 ,bishop of the ,gabali1 on the ,dedication of the ,cross4 ,how was it that the image of the enemy gave life to our progenitors8 444 ,how was it that the image of the serpent worked salvation to the people in distress8 ,would it not have been more reasonable to say1 ',if any of you be bitten1 let him look up to heaven1 to ,god1 and he shall be saved1 or let him look towards the tabernacle of ,god'8 ,passing over this1 he set up the image of the ,cross alone4 ,why did ,moses do this1 who said to the people1 ',thou shalt not make to thyself a graven thing1 nor the likeness of anything that is in heaven above1 or in the earth beneath1 nor of those things that are in the waters under the earth'8 ,however1 why do ,i speak to unworthy people8 ,tell me1 devout servant of ,god1 will you do what is forbidden1 and disregard what you are told to do8 ,he who said1 ',thou shalt not make to thyself a graven thing1' condemned the golden calf1 and you make a brazen serpent1 and this not secretly1 but most openly1 so that it is known to all4 ,moses answers1 ,i laid down that commandment in order to root out impiety1 and to withdraw the people from all apostasy and idolatry2 now1 ,i have the serpent cast for a good purpose--as a figure of the truth4 ,and just as ,i have put up a tabernacle1 and everything in it1 and cherubim1 the likeness of the invisible powers1 over the holy of holies1 as a sign and figure of the future1 so ,i have set up a serpent for the salvation of the people1 to serve as a preliminary to the image of the ,cross1 and the redemption contained in it4 ,as a confirmation of this1 listen to the ,lord saying1 ',as ,moses exalted the serpent in the desert1 so must you exalt the ,son of ,man1 that every one believing in ,him may not be lost1 but may have eternal life4' ,commentary4--,notice that ,his commandment not to make any graven thing was given to draw the people from idolatry1 to which they were prone1 and that the brazen serpent was an image of our ,lord's suffering4 ,listen to what ,i am going to say as a proof that images are no new invention4 ,it is an ancient practice well known to the best and foremost of the fathers4 ,elladios1 the disciple of blessed ,basil and his successor1 says in his ,life of ,basil that the holy man was standing by the image of ,our ,lady1 on which was painted also the likeness of ,mercurius1 the renowned martyr4 ,he was standing by it asking for the removal of the impious apostate ,julian1 and he received this revelation from the statue4 ,he saw the martyr vanish for a time1 and then reappear1 holding a bloody spear4 ,taken word for word from the ,life of ,st ,john ,chrysostom4 ,blessed ,john loved the epistles of ,st ,paul exceedingly4 444 ,he had an image of the apostle in a place where he was wont to retire now and then on account of his physical weakness1 for he outdid nature in watchings and vigils4 ,as he read through ,st ,paul's epistles1 he had the image before him1 and spoke to the apostle as if he had been present1 praising him1 and directing all his thoughts to him4 444 ,when ,proclus had finished speaking1 gazing intently at the image of the apostle1 and recognising the likeness to the man he had seen1 saluting ,john1 he said1 pointing to the image3 ',forgive me1 father2 the man ,i saw talking to you is very like this statue4 ,in fact1 ,i should say he is the same4' ,in the life of ,st ,eupraxia we are told that her ,superior showed her the likeness of our ,lord4 ,we read in the life of ,st ,mary of ,egypt that she prayed before the statue of ,our ,lady and besought her intercession1 and so obtained leave to enter the ,church4#ad ,in all the past array of ,christian priests and kings1 wise and pious1 conspicuous by teaching and example1 in so many councils of holy and inspired fathers1 how is it that no one has pointed out these things8 ,we are not advocating a new faith4 ,the law shall come out of ,sion1 the ,holy ,ghost said prophetically1 and the word of the ,lord from ,jerusalem4 ,we do not advocate one thing at one time1 and another at another1 nor that the faith should become a laughing-stock to those outside4 ,we will not allow the king's commands to overturn the tradition handed down from the fathers4 ,it is not for pious kings to overturn ecclesiastical boundaries4 ,these are not patristic ways4 ,things done by force are impositions1 and do not carry persuasion4 ,a proof of this was given in the #bnd ,council of ,ephesus1 when a decree1 which has never been recognised as valid1 was enforced by the emperor's hand1 and blessed ,flavian was put to death4 ,councils do not belong to kings1 as the ,lord says3 ',wherever one or two are gathered together in ,my name1 there ,i am in the midst of them4' ,christ did not give to kings the power to bind and to loose1 but to the apostles1 and to their successors and pastors and teachers4 ',if an angel were to teach you a different gospel to what you have received1' ,st ,paul says--but we will be silent about what follows1 in the hope of their conversion4 ,and if we find the warning disregarded1 which may ,god avert1 we will then add the rest4 ,let us hope it will not be needed4 ,if any one should enter a house and should see on the walls a history in painting of ,moses and ,aaron1 perchance he might ask about the people who are walking across the sea as if it were dry land4 ',who are they8' he asks4 ,what would you say8 ',are they not the sons of ,israel8' ',who is dividing the sea with his rod8' ,would you not say ',moses'8 ,so if a man makes an image of ,christ crucified1 and you are asked who he is1 you reply1 ',it is ,christ our ,lord1 who became incarnate for us4' ,yes1 ,o ,lord1 we adore all that belongs to ,thee1 and we take to our hearts ,thy ,godhead1 ,thy power and goodness1 ,thy mercy towards us1 ,thy condescension and ,thy ,incarnation4 ,and as men fear touching red-hot iron1 not because of the iron but because of the heat1 so do we worship ,thy flesh1 not for the nature of flesh1 but through the ,godhead united to that flesh according to substance4 ,we worship ,thy sufferings4 ,who has ever known death worshipped1 or suffering venerated8 ,yet we truly worship the physical death of our ,god and ,his saving sufferings4 ,we adore ,thy image and all that is ,thine2 ,thy servants1 ,thy friends1 and most of all ,thy ,mother1 the ,mother of ,god4 ,we beseech1 therefore1 the people of ,god1 the faithful flock1 to hold fast to the ecclesiastical traditions4 ,the gradual taking away of what has been handed down to us would be undermining the foundation stones1 and would in no short time overthrow the whole structure4 ,may we prove steadfast1 unflinching1 immovable1 founded on the solid ,rock which is ,christ1 to whom be praise1 glory1 and worship1 with the ,father and the ,holy ,ghost1 now and for ever4 ,amen4 ,,part ,,ii4 ,i crave your indulgence1 my readers 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e71 and ask you to receive the true statement of one who is an unprofitable servant1 the least of all1 in the ,church of ,god4 ,i have not been moved to speak by motives of vainglory1 ,god is my witness1 but by zeal for the truth4 ,in this alone is my hope of salvation1 and with it ,i trust and pray to go out to meet ,christ our ,lord1 asking that it may be an expiation for my sins4 ,the man who received five talents from his lord1 brought other five which he had gained1 and the man with two1 other two4 ,the man who received one1 and buried it1 gave it back without interest1 and being pronounced a wicked servant1 was banished into external darkness4 ,lest ,i should suffer in the same way1 ,i obey ,god's commands1 and with the talent of eloquence1 which is ,his gift1 ,i put before the wise among you a treasure table1 so that when the ,lord comes ,he may find me rich in souls1 a faithful servant1 whom ,he may take into that ineffable joy of ,his1 which is my desire4 ,give me listening ears and willing hearts4 ,receive my treatise1 and ponder well the force of the arguments4 ,this is the second part of my work on images4 ,certain children of the ,church have urged me to do it because the first part was not sufficiently clear to all4 ,be indulgent with me on this account1 for my obedience4 ,the wicked serpent of old1 ,beloved1 ,i mean the devil--is wont to wage war in many ways against man1 who is made after ,god's image1 and to work his destruction through opposition4 ,in the very beginning he inspired man with the hope and desire of becoming a god1 and through that desire he dragged man down to share the death of the brute creation4 ,he has enticed man also by shameful and brutal pleasures4 ,what a contrast between becoming a god and feeling brutal lust4 ,and again1 he led man into infidelity1 as the royal 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a7 ,david says3 ',the fool said in his heart there is no ,god4' ,at one time he has brought man to worship too many gods1 at another not even the true ,god1 sometimes demons1 and again1 the heavens and the earth1 the sun and moon and stars1 and the rest of creation1 wild beasts and reptiles4 ,it is as bad to refuse due honour where honour is due1 as to give it where it is not due4 ,again1 he has taught some to call the uncreated god evil1 and has deceived others by making them recognise ,god1 who is good by nature1 as the author of evil4 ,some he has deceived by the misconception of one nature and one substance of the ,godhead2 some he has induced to honour three natures and three substances2 some one substance in our ,lord ,jesus ,christ1 the ,second ,person of the ,holy ,trinity2 some two natures and two substances4 ,but the truth1 taking a middle course1 sweeps away these misconceptions and teaches us to acknowledge one ,god1 one nature in three persons 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i71 the ,father1 the ,son1 and the ,holy ,ghost4 ,evil is not a being1#ae but an accident1 a certain conception1 word1 or deed against the law of ,god1 taking its origin in this conception1 speech1 or doing1 and ending with it4 ,the truth proclaims also that in ,christ1 the second person of the ,holy ,trinity1 there are two natures and one person4 ,now1 the devil1 the enemy of the truth and of man's salvation1 in suggesting that images of corruptible man1 and of birds and beasts and reptiles1 should be made and worshipped as gods1 has often led astray not only heathens but the children of ,israel4 ,in these days he is eager to trouble the peace of ,christ's ,church through false and lying tongues1 using divine words in favour of what is evil1 and striving to disguise his wicked intent1 and drawing the unstable away from true and patristic custom4 ,some have risen up and said that it was wrong to represent and set forth publicly for adoration the saving wounds of ,christ1 and the combats of the saints against the devil4 ,who with a knowledge of divine things and a spiritual sense does not perceive in this a deception of the devil8 ,he is unwilling that his shame should be known and that the glory of ,god and of ,his saints should be published4 ,if we made an image of the invisible ,god1 we should in truth do wrong4 ,for it is impossible to make a statue of one who is without body1 invisible1 boundless1 and formless4 ,again1 if we made statues of men1 and held them to be gods1 worshipping them as such1 we should be most impious4 ,but we do neither4 ,for in making the image of ,god1 who became incarnate and visible on earth1 a man amongst men through ,his unspeakable goodness1 taking upon ,him shape and form and flesh1 we are not misled4 ,we long to see what ,he was like4 ,as the divine apostle says1 ,we see now in a glass1 darkly4 ,the image1 too1 is a dark glass1 according to the denseness of our bodies4 ,the mind1 in much travail1 cannot rid itself of bodily things4 ,shame upon you1 wicked devil1 for grudging us the sight of our ,lord's likeness and our sanctification through it4 ,you would not have us gaze at ,his saving sufferings nor wonder at ,his condescension1 neither contemplate ,his miracles nor praise ,his almighty power4 ,you grudge the saints the honour ,god gives to them4 ,you would not have us see their glory put on record1 nor allow us to become imitators of their fortitude and faith4 ,we will not obey your suggestions1 wicked and man-hating devil4 ,listen to me1 people of all nations1 men1 women1 and children1 all of you who bear the ,christian name3 ,if any one preach to you something contrary to what the ,catholic ,church has received from the holy apostles and fathers and councils1 and has kept down to the present day1 do not heed him4 ,do not receive the serpent's counsel1 as ,eve did1 to whom it was death4 ,if an angel or an emperor teaches you anything contrary to what you have received1 shut your ears4 ,i have refrained so far from saying1 as the holy apostle said1 ',let him be anathema1' in the hope of amendment4 ,but say those who do not enter into the mind of ,scripture1 ,god said1 through ,moses the law-giver3 ',thou shalt not make to thyself the likeness of any thing that is in heaven above1 or in the earth beneath'2 and through the prophet ,david3 ',let them be all confounded that adore graven things1 and that glory in their idols1' and many similar passages4 ,whatever they have quoted from ,holy ,scripture and the fathers is to the same intent4 ,now1 what shall we say to these things8 ,what1 if not that which ,god spoke to the ,jews1 ',search the ,scriptures4' ,it is good to examine the ,scriptures1 but let your mind be enlightened from the search4 ,it is impossible1 ,beloved1 that ,god should not speak truth4 ,there is one ,god1 one ,law-giver of the old and new dispensation1 who spoke of old in many ways to the patriarchs through the prophets1 and in these latter times through ,his only begotten ,son4 ,apply your mind with discernment4 ,it is not ,i who am speaking4 ,the ,holy ,ghost declared by the holy apostle ,st ,paul that ,god spoke of old in many different ways to the patriarchs through the prophets4 ,note1 in many different ways4 ,a skilful doctor does not invariably prescribe for all alike1 but for each according to his state1 taking into consideration climate and complaint1 season and age1 giving one remedy to a child1 another to a grown man1 according to his age2 one thing to a weak patient1 another to a strong2 and to each sufferer the right thing for his state and malady3 one thing in the summer1 another in the winter1 another in the spring or autumn1 and in each place according to its requirements4 ,so in the same way the good ,physician of souls prescribed for those who were still children and inclined to the sickness of idolatry1 holding idols to be gods1 and worshipping them as such1 neglecting the worship of ,god1 and preferring the creature to ,his glory4 ,he charged them not to do this4 ,it is impossible to make an image of ,god1 who is a pure spirit1 invisible1 boundless1 having neither form nor circumscription4 ,how can we make an image of what is invisible8 ',no man hath seen ,god at any time2 the only-begotten ,son who is in the bosom of the ,father1 ,he hath declared ,him4' ,and again1 ',no one shall see ,my face and live1 saith the ,lord4' ,that they did worship idols there is no doubt from what the ,scripture says about the going out of the children of ,israel1 when ,moses went up to ,mount ,sinai1 and persevered in prayer to ,god4 ,whilst receiving the law1 the ungrateful people rose against ,aaron1 the priest of ,god1 saying3 ',make us gods who may go before us4 ,for as to ,moses1 we know not what has befallen him4' ,then1 when they had looked over the trinkets of their wives1 and brought them together1 they ate and drank1 and were inebriated with wine and madness1 and began to make merry1 saying in their foolishness1 ',these are thy gods1 ,o ,israel4' ,do you see that they made gods of idols who were demons1 and that they worshipped the creature instead of the ,creator8 ,as the holy apostle says3 ',they changed the glory of the incorruptible ,god into the likeness of the image of a corruptible man and of birds1 and of four-footed beasts1 and of creeping things1 and served the creature rather than the ,creator4' ,on this account ,god forbade them to make any graven image1 as ,moses says in ,deuteronomy3 ',and the ,lord spoke to you from the midst of the fire2 you heard the voice of ,his words1 but you saw not any form at all4' ,and a little further on3 ',keep therefore your souls carefully2 you saw not any similitude in the day that the ,lord ,god spoke to you in ,horeb1 from the midst of the fire1 lest perhaps being deceived you might make you a graven similitude or image of male or female1 the similitude of any beasts that are upon the earth1 or of birds that fly under heaven4' ,and again3 ',lest perhaps lifting up thy eyes to heaven1 thou see the sun and the moon1 and all the stars of heaven1 and being deceived by error1 thou adore and serve them4' ,you see the one object in view is that the creature should not be worshipped instead of the ,creator1 and that the worship of latreia should be given to ,god alone4 ,thus in every case when he speaks of worship he means latreia4 ,again3 ',thou shalt not have strange gods in my sight2 thou shalt not make to thyself a graven thing nor any likeness4' ,again3 ',thou shalt not make to thyself gods of metal4' ,you see that ,he forbids image-making on account of idolatry1 and that it is impossible to make an image of ,god1 who is a ,spirit1 invisible1 and uncircumscribed4 ',you have not seen ,his likeness1' ,he says2 and ,st ,paul1 standing in the midst of the ,areopagus1 says3 ',being therefore the offspring of ,god1 we must not suppose the divinity to be like unto gold1 or silver1 or stone1 the graving of art1 a device of man4' ,listen again that it is so4 ,thou shalt not make to thyself any brazen thing nor any likeness4 ,these things1 he says1 they made by ,god's commandment a hanging of violet1 purple1 scarlet1 and fine twisted linen in the entrance of the tabernacle1 and the cherubim in woven work4 ,and they made also the propitiatory1 that is1 the oracle of the purest gold1 and the two cherubim4 ,what will you say to this1 ,o ,moses8 ,you say1 thou shalt not make to thyself any graven thing nor any likeness1 and you yourself fashion cherubim of woven work1 and two cherubim of pure gold4 ,listen to the answer of ,god's servant ,moses3 ',you blind and foolish people1 mark the force of what is said1 and keep your souls carefully4 ,i said that you had seen no likeness on the day when the ,lord spoke to you on ,mount ,horeb1 in the midst of the fire1 lest you should sin against the law and make for yourselves a brazen likeness3 thou shalt not make any image or gods of metal4 ,i never said thou shalt not make the image of cherubim in adoration before the propitiatory4 ,what ,i said was3 ,thou shalt not make to thyself gods of metal1 and thou shalt not make any likeness as of ,god1 nor shalt thou adore the creature instead of the ,creator1 nor any creature whatsoever as ,god1 nor have ,i served the creature rather than the ,creator4' ,note how the object of ,scripture becomes clear to those who really search it4 ,you must know1 ,beloved1 that in every business truth and falsehood are distinguished1 and the object of the doer1 whether it be good or bad4 ,in the gospel we find all things good and evil4 ,god1 the angels1 man1 the heavens1 the earth1 water and fire and air1 the sun and moon and stars1 light and darkness1 ,satan and the devils1 the serpent and scorpions1 death and hell1 virtues and vices4 ,and because everything told about them is true1 and the object in view is the glory of ,god and the saints whom ,he has honoured1 our salvation1 and the shame of the devil1 we worship and embrace and love these utterances1 and receive them with our whole heart as we do the whole of the old and new dispensation1 and all the spoken testimony of the holy fathers4 ,now1 we reject the evil1 abominable writings of heathens and ,manicheans1 and all other heretics1 as containing foolishness and lies1 promoting the advantage of ,satan and his demons1 and giving them pleasure1 although they contain the name of ,god4 ,so with regard to images we must manifest the truth1 and take into account the intention of those who make them4 ,if it be in very deed for the glory of ,god and of ,his saints to promote goodness1 to avoid evil1 and save souls1 we should receive and honour and worship them as images1 and remembrances1 likenesses1 and the books of the illiterate4 ,we should love and embrace them with hand and heart as reminders of the incarnate ,god1 or ,his ,mother1 or of the saints1 the participators in the sufferings and the glory of ,christ1 the conquerors and overthrowers of ,satan1 and diabolical fraud4 ,if any one should dare to make an image of ,almighty ,god1 who is pure ,spirit1 invisible1 uncircumscribed1 we reject it as a falsehood4 ,if any one make images for the honour and worship of the ,devil and his angels1 we abhor them and deliver them to the flames4 ,or if any one give divine honours to the statues of men1 or birds1 or reptiles1 or any other created thing1 we anathematise him4 ,as our forefathers in the faith pulled down the temples of demons1 and erected on the same spot churches dedicated to saints whom we honour1 so they overturned the statues of demons1 and set up instead the images of ,christ1 of ,his holy ,mother1 and the saints4 ,even in the old dispensation1 ,israel neither raised temples to human beings1 nor held sacred the memory of man4 ,at that time ,adam's race was under a curse1 and death was a penalty1 therefore a mourning4 ,a corpse was looked upon as unclean1 and the man who touched it as contaminated4 ,but since the ,godhead has taken to ,himself our nature1 it has become glorified as a vivifying and efficacious remedy1 and has been transformed unto immortality4 ,thus the death of the saints is a rejoicing1 and churches are raised to them1 and their images are set up4 ,be assured that any one wishing to pull down an image erected out of pure zeal for the glory and enduring memory of ,christ1 or of ,his holy ,mother1 or any of the saints1 to put the devil and his satellites to shame1--anyone1 ,i say1 refusing to honour and worship this image as sacred--it is not to be worshipped as ,god--is an enemy of ,christ1 of ,his blessed ,mother1 and of the saints1 and is an advocate of the devil and his crew1 showing grief by his conduct that the saints are honoured and glorified1 and the devil put to shame4 ,the image is a hymn of praise1 a manifestation1 a lasting token of those who have fought and conquered1 and of demons humbled and put to flight4 ,kings have no call to make laws in the ,church4 ,what does the holy apostle say8 ',and ,god1 indeed1 hath set some in the church1 first apostles1 secondly prophets1 thirdly doctors and shepherds' for the training of the ,church4 ,he does not say 'kings4' ,and again3 ',obey your prelates1 and be subject to them4 ,for they watch as being to render an account of your souls4' ,again3 ',remember your prelates who have spoken the word of ,god to you1 whose faith follow1 considering the end of your conversation4' ,kings have not spoken the word to you1 but apostles and prophets1 pastors and doctors4 ,when ,god was speaking to ,david about building a house for ,him1 ,he said3 ',thou shalt not build me a house1 for thou art a man of blood4' ',render1 therefore1 to all men their dues1' ,st ,paul exclaimed2 'tribute to whom tribute is due1 custom to whom custom1 fear to whom fear1 honour to whom honour4' ,the political prosperity is the king's business3#af the ecclesiastical organisation belongs to pastors and doctors1 and to take it out of their hands is to commit an act of robbery4 ,saul rent ,samuel's cloak1 and what was the consequence8 ,god took from him his royalty1 and gave it to the meek ,david4 ,jezabel pursued ,elias1 pigs and dogs licked up her blood1 and harlots were bathed in it4 ,herod removed ,john1 and was consumed by worms4 ,and now holy ,germanus1 shining by word and example1 has been punished and become an exile1 and many more bishops and fathers1 whose names are unknown to us4 ,is not this a persecution8 ,when the ,pharisees and the learned surrounded our ,lord1 ostensibly to listen to ,his teaching1 and when they asked ,him if it was lawful to pay tribute to ,caesar1 ,he answered them3 ',bring me a coin4' ,and when they had brought it1 ,he said3 ',whose image is this8' ,upon their reply1 ',caesar's1' ,he said1 ',give to ,caesar that which is ,caesar's and to ,god that which is ,god's4' ,we are obedient to you1 ,o ,king1 in things concerning our daily life1 in tributes1 taxes1 and payments1 which are your due2 but in ecclesiastical government we have our pastors1 preachers of the word1 and exponents of ecclesiastical law4 ,we do not change the boundaries marked out by our fathers3 we keep the tradition we have received4 ,if we begin to lay down the law to the ,church1 even in the smallest thing1 the whole edifice will fall to the ground in no short time4 ,you look down upon matter and call it contemptible4 ,this is what the ,manicheans did1 but holy ,scripture pronounces it to be good2 for it says1 ',and ,god saw all that ,he had made1 and it was very good4' ,i say matter is ,god's creation and a good thing4 ,now1 if you say it is bad1 you say either that it is not from ,god1 or you make ,him a cause of evil4 ,listen to the words of ,scripture concerning matter1 which you despise3 ',and ,moses said to all the assembly of the children of ,israel3 ,this is the word the ,lord hath commanded1 saying3 ,set aside with you first fruits to the ,lord2 let every one that is willing and hath a ready heart1 offer them to the ,lord3 gold1 and silver1 and brass1 violet and purple1 and scarlet twice dyed1 and fine linen1 goat's hair1 and ram's skins dyed red1 and violet1 and coloured skins1 selimwood1 and oil to maintain lights1 and to make ointment1 and most sweet incense1 onyx stones and precious stones for the adorning of the ephod and the rational3 ,whosoever of you is wise let him come and make that which the ,lord hath commanded3 to wit1 the tabernacle1' etc4 ,behold1 then1 matter is honoured1 and you dishonour it4 ,what is more insignificant than goat's hair1 or colours1 and are not violet and purple and scarlet colours8 ,and the likeness of the cherubim are the work of man's hand1 and the tabernacle itself from first to last was an image4 ',look1' said ,god to ,moses1 'and make it according to the pattern that was shown thee in the ,mount1' and it was adored by the people of ,israel in a circle4 ,and1 as to the cherubim1 were they not in sight of the people8 ,and did not the people look at the ark1 and the lamps1 and the table1 the golden urn and the staff1 and adore8 ,it is not matter which ,i adore2 it is the ,lord of matter1 becoming matter for my sake1 taking up ,his abode in matter and working out my salvation through matter4 ,for the ,word was made ,flesh1 and dwelt amongst us4 ,it is evident to all that flesh is matter1 and that it is created4 ,i reverence and honour matter1 and worship that which has brought about my salvation4 ,i honour it1 not as ,god1 but as a channel of divine strength and grace4 ,was not the thrice blessed wood of the ,cross matter8 and the sacred and holy mountain of ,calvary8 ,was not the holy sepulchre matter1 the life-giving stone the source of our resurrection8 ,was not the book of the ,gospels matter1 and the holy table which gives us the bread of life8 ,are not gold and silver matter1 of which crosses1 and holy pictures1 and chalices are made8 ,and above all1 is not the ,lord's ,body and ,blood composed of matter8 ,either reject the honour and worship of all these things1 or conform to ecclesiastical tradition1 sanctifying the worship of images in the name of ,god and of ,god's friends1 and so obeying the grace of the ,divine ,spirit4 ,if you give up images on account of the law1 you should also keep the ,sabbath and be circumcised1 for these are severely inculcated by it4 ,you should observe all the law1 and not celebrate the ,lord's ,passover out of ,jerusalem4 ,but you must know that if you observe the law1 ,christ will profit you nothing4 ,you are ordered to marry your brother's wife1 and so carry on his name1 and not to sing the song of the ,lord in a strange land4 ,enough of this6 ,those who have been justified by the law have fallen from grace4 ,let us set forth ,christ1 our ,king and ,lord1 not depriving ,him of ,his army4 ,the saints are ,his army4 ,let the earthly king strip himself of his army1 and then of his own dignity4 ,let him put off the purple and the diadem before he take honour away from his most valiant men who have conquered their passions4#ag ,for if the friends of ,christ are heirs of ,god and co-heirs of ,christ1 and are to be partakers of the divine glory and kingdom1 is not even earthly glory due to them8 ,i call you not servants1 our ,lord says2 you are my friends4 ,shall we1 then1 withhold from them the honour which the ,church gives them8 ,you are a bold and venturesome man to fight against ,god and ,his ordinances4 ,if you do not worship images1 you do not worship the ,son of ,god1 who is the living image of the invisible ,god1 and the immutable figure of ,his substance4 ,the temple which ,solomon built was consecrated by the blood of animals1 and decorated by images of lions1 oxen1 and the palms and pomegranates4 ,now1 the ,church is consecrated by the blood of ,christ and of ,his saints1 and it is adorned with the image of ,christ and of ,his saints4 ,either take away the worship of images altogether1 or be not an innovator1 and pass not beyond the ancient boundaries which thy fathers have set4 ,i am not speaking of boundaries prior to the incarnation of ,christ our ,lord1 but since ,his coming4 ,god spoke to them1 depreciating the traditions of the old law1 saying1 ',i also gave them statutes that were not good1' on account of their hardness of heart4 ,consequently on the change of priesthood the law of necessity was also changed4 ,the eye-witnesses and ministers of the word handed down the teaching of the ,church1 not only by writing1 but also by unwritten tradition4 ,whence comes our knowledge of the sacred spot1 ,mount ,calvary1 of the holy sepulchre8 ,has it not been handed down to us from father to son8 ,it is written that our ,lord was crucified on ,calvary1 and buried in the tomb which ,joseph hewed out of the rock1 but it is unwritten tradition that teaches us we are adoring the right places1 and many other things of the same kind4 ,why do we believe in three baptisms1 that is1 in three immersions8 ,why do we adore the ,cross8 ,is it not through tradition8 ,therefore the holy apostle says3 ',brethren1 stand fast2 and hold the traditions which you have learned1 whether by word1 or by our epistle4' ,many things1 therefore1 being handed down to the ,church by unwritten tradition and kept up to the present day1 why do you speak slightingly of images8 ,the ,manicheans followed a gospel according to ,thomas1 and you will follow that of ,leo4 ,i do not admit an emperor's tyrannical action in domineering over the ,church4 ,the emperor has not received the power to bind and loose4 ,i know of the ,emperor ,valens1 a ,christian in name1 who persecuted the true faith1 ,zeno and ,anastasius1 ,heraclius and ,constantine of ,sicily1 and ,bardaniskus1 called ,philip 7,,greek ,,capital ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;a#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd74 ,i am not to be persuaded that the ,church is set in order by imperial edicts1 but by patristic traditions1 written and unwritten4 ,as the written ,gospel has been preached in the whole world1 so has it been an unwritten tradition in the whole world to represent in image ,christ1 the incarnate ,god1 and the saints1 to adore the ,cross1 and to pray towards the east4 ,the customs which you bring forward do not incriminate our worship of images1 but that of the heathens who make idols of them4 ,the pious practice of the ,church is not to be rejected because of heathen abuse4 ,sorcerers and magicians exorcise2 the ,church exorcises catechumens4 ,the former invoke demons1 the ,church calls upon ,god against demons4 ,heathens sacrificed to demons2 ,israel offered to ,god both holocausts and victims4 ,the ,church1 too1 offers an unbloody sacrifice to ,god4 ,heathens set up images to demons1 and ,israel made idols of them in the words1 ',these are thy gods1 ,o ,israel1 who brought thee out of ,egypt4' ,now we have set up images to the true ,god incarnate1 to ,his servants and friends1 who have put the demon host to flight4 ,if you say to this that blessed ,epiphanius clearly rejected our use of images1 you must know that the work in question is spurious and written by some one else in the name of ,epiphanius1 as often happens4 ,a father does not fight his own children4 ,all have become participators in the one ,spirit4 ,the ,church is a witness of this in adorning images1 until some men rose up against her and disturbed the peace of ,christ's fold1 putting poisoned food before the people of ,god4 ,if ,i venerate and worship1 as the instruments of salvation1 the ,cross and lance1 and reed and sponge1 by means of which the ,jews 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i7 scorned and put to death my ,lord1 shall ,i not also worship images that ,christians make with a good intention for the glory and remembrance of ,christ8 ,if ,i worship the image of the ,cross1 made of whatever wood it may be1 shall ,i not worship the image which shows me the ,crucified and my salvation through the ,cross8 ,oh1 inhumanity of man6 ,it is evident that ,i do not worship matter1 for supposing the ,cross1 if it be made of wood1 should fall to pieces1 ,i should throw them into the fire1 and the same with images4 ,receive the united testimony of ,scripture and the fathers to show you that images and their worship are no new invention1 but the ancient tradition of the ,church4 ,in the holy ,gospel of ,st ,matthew our ,lord called ,his disciples blessed1 and with them all those who followed their example and walked in their footsteps in these words3 ',blessed are your eyes1 because they see1 and your ears1 because they hear4 ,for1 amen ,i say to you1 many prophets and just men have desired to see the things that you see1 and have not seen them1 and to hear the things that you hear1 and have not heard them4' ,we also desire to see as much as we may4 ',we see now in a glass1 darkly1' and in image1 and are blessed4 ,god ,himself first made an image1 and showed forth images4 ,for ,he made the first man after ,his own image4 ,and ,abraham1 ,moses1 and ,isaias1 and all the prophets saw images of ,god1 not the substance of ,god4 ,the burning bush was an image of ,god's ,mother1 and as ,moses was about to approach it1 ,god said3 ',put off the shoes from thy feet1 for the place whereon thou standest is holy ground4' ,now if the spot on which ,moses saw an image of ,our ,lady was holy1 how much more the image itself8 ,and not only is it holy1 but ,i venture to say it is the holy of holies 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ja;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,dasia ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#je;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a74 ,when the ,pharisees asked our ,lord why ,moses had allowed a bill of divorce1 ,he answered3 ',on account of the hardness of your hearts ,moses allowed you to divorce your wife1 but in the beginning it was not so4' ,and ,i say to you that ,moses1 through the children of ,israel's hardness of heart1 and knowing their proclivity to idolatry1 forbade them to make images4 ,we are not in the same case4 ,we have taken a firm footing on the rock of faith1 being enriched with the light of ,god's friendship4 ,listen to our ,lord's words3 ',ye foolish and blind1 whosoever shall swear by the temple1 sweareth by it1 and by him that dwelleth in it2 and he that sweareth by heaven sweareth by the throne of ,god1 and by ,him that sitteth thereon4' ,and he who swears by an image swears by the one whom it represents4 ,it has been sufficiently proved that the tabernacle1 and the veil1 the ark and the table1 and everything within the tabernacle1 were images and types1 and the works of man's hand1 which were worshipped by all ,israel1 and also that the cherubim in carving were made by ,god's order4 ,for ,god said to ,moses1 ',see that thou doest all things according to the pattern shown to thee on the mount4' ,listen1 too1 to the apostle's testimony that ,israel worshipped images and the handiwork of man in obedience to ,god3 ',if1 then1 he were on earth he would not be a priest2 seeing that there would be others to offer gifts according to the law1 who serve unto the example and shadow of heavenly things1 as it was answered to ,moses1 when he was to finish the tabernacle3 ,see 7says he7 that thou make all things according to the pattern which was shown thee on the mount4 ,but now he hath obtained a better ministry1 by how much also he is a mediator of a better testament1 which is established on better promises4 ,for if that former had been faultless1 there should not indeed a place have been sought for a second4 ,for finding fault with them1 he saith3 ',behold the day shall come1 saith the ,lord3 and ,i will perfect unto the house of ,israel1 and unto the house of ,juda1 a ,new ,testament3 not according to the ,testament which ,i made to their fathers1 on the day when ,i took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of ,egypt4' ,and a little further on3 ',now in saying a ,new1 he hath made the former ,old4 ,and that which decayeth and groweth old1 is near its end4 ,for there was a tabernacle made the first1 wherein were the candlesticks1 and the table1 and the setting forth of loaves1 which is called the ,holy4 ,and after the second veil1 the tabernacle1 which is called the ,holy of ,holies2 having a golden censer1 and the ark of the testament covered about on every part with gold1 in which was a golden pot that had manna1 and the rod of ,aaron that had blossomed1 and the tables of the testament4 ,and over it were the cherubims of glory overshadowing the propitiatory4' ,and again3 ',for ,jesus is not entered into the ,holies made with hands1 the patterns of the true2 but into heaven itself4' ,and again3 ',for the law having a shadow of the good things to come1 not the very image of the things4' ,you see that the law and everything it ordained and all our own worship consist in the consecration of what is made by hands1 leading us through matter to the invisible ,god4 ,now the law and all its ordinances were a foreshadowing of the image in the future1 that is1 of our worship4 ,and our worship is an image of the eternal reward4 ,as to the thing itself1 the heavenly ,jerusalem1 it is invisible and immaterial1 as the same divine apostle says3 ',we have not here an abiding city1 but we seek for the one above1 the heavenly ,jerusalem1 of which ,god is ,lord and ,architect4' ,all ordinances of the law and of our worship have been directed for that heavenly city4 ,to ,god be praise for ever4 ,amen4 ,testimony of ,ancient and ,learned ,fathers to ,images4#ah ,st ,john ,chrysostom4 ,from ,his ',commentary on the ,parable of the ,sower4' ,if you despise the royal garment1 do you not despise the king himself8 ,do you not see that if you despise the image of the king1 you despise the original8 ,do you not know that if a man shows contempt for an image of wood or a statue of metal1 he is not judged as if he had vented himself on lifeless matter1 but as showing contempt for the king8 ,dishonour shown to an image of the king is dishonour shown to the king4 ,the same1 from his ,sermon to ,st ,meletius1 ,bishop of ,antioch1 and on the zeal of his hearers1 beginning1 ',casting his eyes everywhere on this holy flock4' ,what took place was most edifying1 and we ought always to bear this consolation in mind1 and to have this saint before our eyes1 whose name was invoked against every bad passion and specious argument4 ,this was so much the case that streets1 market-place1 fields1 every nook and corner rang with his name4 ,not only have you longed to invoke him1 but to look upon his bodily form4 ,as with his name so with his image4 ,many people have put it on their rings and goblets and cups and on their bedroom walls1 so as not only to hear his history but to look upon his physical likeness1 and to have a double consolation in his loss4#ai ,st ,maximus1 ,philosopher and ,confessor4 ,from his ',acts' and those of ,bishop ,theodosius4 ,and after this all rose with tears of devotion1 and kneeling down1 prayed4 ,and every one kissed the holy ,gospels1 and the sacred ,cross1 and the image of our ,lord and ,saviour ,jesus ,christ1 and of ,our ,lady1 ,his ,immaculate ,mother 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e71 putting their hands to it in confirmation of what had been said4 ,blessed ,anastasius1 ,archbishop of ,theopolis1 on the ,sabbath1 to ,simeon1 ,bishop of ,bostris4 ,as in the king's absence his image is honoured instead of himself1 so in his presence it would be unseemly to leave the original for the image4 ,this is not to say that what is passed over in his presence should be dishonoured4 444 ,as the man who shows disrespect to the king's image is punished as if he had shown it to the king in very deed1 although the image is composed merely of wood and paint moulded together1 so one who shows disrespect to the likeness of a man means it for the original of the likeness4 ,,part ,,iii4#bj ,every one must recognise that a man who attempts to dishonour an image which has been set up for the glory and remembrance of ,christ1 of ,his holy ,mother1 or one of his saints1 is an enemy of ,christ1 of ,his holy ,mother1 and the saints4 ,it is also set up to shame the devil and his crew1 out of love and zeal for ,god4 ,the man who refuses to give this image due1 though not divine1 honour1 is an upholder of the devil and his demon host1 showing by his act grief that ,god and the saints are honoured and glorified1 and the devil put to shame4 ,the image is a canticle and manifestation and monument to the memory of those who have fought bravely and won the victory to the shame and confusion of the vanquished4 ,i have often seen lovers gazing at the loved one's garment1 and embracing it with eyes and mouth as if it was himself4 ,we must give his due to every man4 ,st ,paul says3 ',honour to whom honour3 to the king as excelling3 or to governors as sent by him1' to each according to the measure of his dignity4 ,where do you find in the ,old ,testament or in the ,gospel the ,trinity1 or consubstantiality1 or one ,godhead1 or three persons1#ba or the one substance of ,christ1 or ,his two natures1 expressed in so many words8 ,still1 as they are contained in what ,scripture does say1 and defined by the holy fathers1 we receive them and anathematise those who do not4 ,i prove to you that in the old law ,god commanded images to be made1 first of all the tabernacle and everything in it4 ,then in the gospel our ,lord ,himself said to those who asked ,him1 tempting1 whether it was lawful to give tribute to ,caesar1 ',bring me a coin1' and they showed ,him a penny4 ,and ,he asked them whose likeness it was1 and they said to ,him1 ,caesar's2 and ,he said1 ',give to ,caesar that which is ,caesar's1 and to ,god that which is ,god's4' ,as the coin bears the likeness of ,caesar1 it is his1 and you should give it to ,caesar4 ,so the image bears the likeness of ,christ1 and you should give it ,him1 for it is ,his4 ,our ,lord called ,his disciples blessed1 saying1 ',many kings and prophets have desired to see what you see1 and have not seen it1 and to hear what you hear and have not heard it4 ,blessed are your eyes which see and your ears which hear4' ,the apostles saw ,christ with their bodily eyes1 and ,his sufferings and wonders1 and they listened to ,his words4 ,we1 too1 desire to see1 and to hear1 and to be blessed4 ,they saw ,him face to face1 as ,he was present in the body4 ,now1 since he is not present in the body to us1 we hear ,his words from books and are sanctified in spirit by the hearing1 and are blessed1 and we adore1 honouring the books which tell us of ,his words4 ,so1 through the representation of images1 we look upon ,his bodily form1 and upon ,his miracles and ,his sufferings1 and are sanctified and satiated1 gladdened and blessed4 ,reverently we worship ,his bodily form1 and contemplating it1 we form some notion of ,his divine glory4 ,for1 as we are composed of soul and body1 and our soul does not stand alone1 but is1 as it were1 shrouded by a veil1 it is impossible for us to arrive at intellectual conceptions without corporeal things4 ,just as we listen with our bodily ears to physical words and understand spiritual things1 so1 through corporeal vision1 we come to the spiritual4 ,on this account ,christ took a body and a soul1 as man has both one and the other4 ,and baptism likewise is double1 of water and the spirit4 ,so is communion and prayer and psalmody2 everything has a double signification1 a corporeal and a spiritual4 ,thus again1 with lights and incense4 ,the devil has tolerated all these things1 raising a storm against images alone4 ,his great jealousy of them may be learnt by what ,st ,sophronius1 ,patriarch of ,jerusalem1 recounts in his ',spiritual ,garden4' ,abbot ,theodore ,a,eliotes told of a holy hermit on the ,mount of ,olives1 who was much troubled by the demon of fornication4 ,one day when he was sorely tempted1 the old man began to complain bitterly4 ',when will you let me alone8' he said to the devil3 'begone from me6 you and ,i have grown old together4' ,the devil appeared to him1 saying1 ',swear to me that you will keep what ,i am about to tell you to yourself1 and ,i will not trouble you any longer4' ,and the old man swore it4 ,then the devil said to him1 ',do not worship this image1 and ,i will not harass you4' ,the image in question represented ,our ,lady1 the holy ,mother of ,god1 bearing in her arms our ,lord ,jesus ,christ4 ,you see what those who forbid the worship of images hate in reality1 and whose instruments they are4 ,the demon of fornication strove to prevent the worship of ,our ,lady's image rather than to tempt the old man to impurity4 ,he knew that the former evil was greater than fornication4 ,as we are treating of images and their worship1 let us draw out the meaning more accurately and say in the first place what an image is2 7#b7 ,why the image was made2 7#c7 ,how many kinds of images there are2 7#d7 ,what may be expressed by an image1 and what may not2 7#e7 ,who first made images4 ,again1 as to worship3 7#a7 ,what is worship2 7#b7 ,how many kinds of worship there are2 7#c7 ,what are the things worshipped in ,scripture2 7#d7 ,that all worship is for ,god1 who is worshipful by nature2 7#e7 ,that honour shown to the image is given to the original4 #ast ,point4--,what is an ,image8 ,an image is a likeness and representation of some one1 containing in itself the person who is imaged4 ,the image is not wont to be an exact reproduction of the original4 ,the image is one thing1 the person represented another2 a difference is generally perceptible1 because the subject of each is the same4 ,for instance1 the image of a man may give his bodily form1 but not his mental powers4 ,it has no life1 nor does it speak or feel or move4 ,a son being the natural image of his father is somewhat different from him1 for he is a son1 not a father4 #bnd ,point4--,for what purpose the ,image is made4 ,every image is a revelation and representation of something hidden4 ,for instance1 man has not a clear knowledge of what is invisible1 the spirit being veiled to the body1 nor of future things1 nor of things apart and distant1 because he is circumscribed by place and time4 ,the image was devised for greater knowledge1 and for the manifestation and popularising of secret things1 as a pure benefit and help to salvation1 so that by showing things and making them known1 we may arrive at the hidden ones1 desire and emulate what is good1 shun and hate what is evil4 #crd ,point4--,how many kinds of ,images there are4 ,images are of various kinds4 ,first there is the natural image4 ,in everything the natural conception must be the first1 then we come to institution according to imitation4 ,the ,son is the first natural and unchangeable image of the invisible ,god1 the ,father1 showing the ,father in ,himself4 ',for no man has seen ,god4' ,again1 ',not that any one has seen the ,father4' ,the apostle says that the ,son is the image of the ,father1 ',who is the image of the invisible ,god1' and to the ,hebrews1 ',who being the brightness of ,his glory1 and the figure of ,his substance4' ,in the ,gospel of ,st ,john we find that ,he does show the ,father in ,himself4 ,when ,philip said to ,him1 ',show us the ,father and it is enough for us1' our ,lord replied1 ',have ,i been so long with you and have you not known ,me1 ,philip8 ,he who sees ,me1 sees the ,father4' ,for the ,son is the natural image of the ,father1 unchangeable1 in everything like to the ,father1 except that ,he is begotten1 and that ,he is not the ,father4 ,the ,father begets1 being unbegotten4 ,the ,son is begotten1 and is not the ,father1 and the ,holy ,spirit is the image of the ,son4 ,for no one can say the ,lord ,jesus1 except in the ,holy ,spirit4 ,through the ,holy ,spirit we know ,christ1 the ,son of ,god and ,god1 and in the ,son we look upon the ,father4 ,for in things that are conceived by nature1#bb language is the interpreter1 and spirit is the interpreter of language4 ,the ,holy ,spirit is the perfect and unchangeable image of the ,son1 differing only in ,his procession4 ,the ,son is begotten1 but does not proceed4 ,and the son of any father is his natural image4 ,thus1 the natural is the first kind of image4 ,the second kind of image is that foreknowledge which is in ,god's mind concerning future events1 ,his eternal and unchanging counsel4 ,god is immutable and ,his counsel without beginning1 and as it has been determined from all eternity1 it is carried out at the time preordained by ,him4 ,images and figures of what ,he is to do in the future1 the distinct determination of each1 are called predeterminations by holy ,dionysius4 ,in ,his counsels the things predetermined by ,him were characterised and imaged and immutably fixed before they took place4 ,the third sort of image is that by imitation 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gj ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd7 which ,god made1 that is1 man4 ,for how can what is created be of the same nature as what is uncreated1 except by imitation8 ,as mind1 the ,father1 the ,word1 the ,son1 and the ,holy ,spirit are one ,god1 so mind and word and spirit are one man1 according to ,god's will and sovereign rule4 ,for ,god says3 ',let us make man according to our own image and likeness1' and ,he adds1 'and let him have dominion over the fishes of the sea and the birds of the air1 and the whole earth1 and rule over it4' ,the fourth kind of image are the figures and types set forth by ,scripture of invisible and immaterial things in bodily form1 for a clearer apprehension of ,god and the angels1 through our incapacity of perceiving immaterial things unless clothed in analogical material form1 as ,dionysius the ,areopagite says1 a man skilled in divine things4 ,anyone would say that our incapacity for reaching the contemplation of intellectual things1 and our need of familiar and cognate mediums1 make it necessary that immaterial things should be clothed in form and shape4 ,if1 then1 holy ,scripture adapts itself to us in seeking to elevate us above sense1 does it not make images of what it clothes in our own medium1 and bring within our reach that which we desire but are unable to see8 ,the spiritual#bc writer1 ,gregory1 says that the mind striving to banish corporeal images reduces itself to incapability4 ,but from the creation of the world the invisible things of ,god are made clear by the visible creation4 ,we see images in created things1 which remind us faintly of divine tokens4 ,for instance1 sun and light and brightness1 the running waters of a perennial fountain1 our own mind and language and spirit1 the sweet fragrance of a flowering rose-tree1 are images of the ,holy and ,eternal ,trinity4 ,the fifth kind of image is that which is typical of the future1 as the bush and the fleece1 the rod and the urn1 foreshadowing the ,virginal ,mother of ,god1 and the serpent healing through the ,cross those bitten by the serpent of old4 ,thus1 again1 the sea1 and water and the cloud foreshadow the grace of baptism4 ,the sixth kind of image is for a remembrance of past events1 of a miracle or a good deed1 for the honour and glory and abiding memory of the most virtuous1 or for the shame and terror of the wicked1 for the benefit of succeeding generations who contemplate it1 so that we may shun evil and do good4 ,this image is of two kinds1 either through the written word in books1 for the word represents the thing1 as when ,god ordered the law to be written on tablets1 and the lives of ,god-fearing men to be recorded1 or through a visible object1 as when ,he commanded the urn and rod to be placed in the ark for a lasting memory1 and the names of the tribes to be engraved on the stones of the humeral4 ,and also ,he commanded the twelve stones to be taken from the ,jordan as a sacred token4 ,consider the prodigy1 the greatest which befel the faithful people1 the taking of the ark1 and the parting of the waters4 ,so now we set up the images of valiant men for an example and a remembrance to ourselves4 ,therefore1 either reject all images1 and be in opposition to ,him who ordered these things1 or receive each and all with becoming greeting and manner4 ,fourth ,chapter4 ,what an ,image is1 what it is not2 and how each ,image is to be set forth4 ,bodies as having form and shape and colour1 may properly be represented in image4 ,now if nothing physical or material may be attributed to an angel1 a spirit1 and a devil1 yet they may be depicted and circumscribed after their own nature4 ,being intellectual beings1 they are believed to be present and to energise in places known to us intellectually4 ,they are represented materially as ,moses made an image of the cherubim who were looked upon by those worthy of the honour1 the material image offering them an immaterial and intellectual sight4 ,only the divine nature is uncircumscribed and incapable of being represented in form or shape1 and incomprehensible4 ,if ,holy ,scripture clothes ,god in figures which are apparently material1 and can even be seen1 they are still immaterial4 ,they were seen by the prophets and those to whom they were revealed1 not with bodily but with intellectual eyes4 ,they were not seen by all4 ,in a word it may be said that we can make images of all the forms which we see4 ,we apprehend these as if they were seen4 ,if at times we understand types from reasoning1 and also from what we see1 and arrive at their comprehension in this way1 so with every sense1 from what we have smelt1 or tasted1 or touched1 we arrive at apprehension by bringing our reason to bear upon our experience4 ,we know that it is impossible to look upon ,god1 or a spirit1 or a demon1 as they are4 ,they are seen in a certain form1 divine providence clothing in type and figure what is without substance or material being1 for our instruction1 and more intimate knowledge1 lest we should be in too great ignorance of ,god1 and of the spirit world4 ,for ,god is a pure ,spirit by ,his nature4 ,the angel1 and a soul1 and a demon1 compared to ,god1 who alone is incomparable1 are bodies2 but compared to material bodies1 they are bodiless4 ,god therefore1 not wishing that we should be in ignorance of spirits1 clothed them in type and figure1 and in images akin to our nature1 material forms visible to the mind in mental vision4 ,these we put into form and shape1 for how were the cherubim represented and described in image8 ,but ,scripture offers forms and images even of ,god4 ,who first made an ,image4 ,in the beginning ,god begot ,his only begotten ,son1 ,his word1 the living image of ,himself1 the natural and unchangeable image of ,his eternity4 ,and ,he made man after ,his own image and likeness4 ,and ,adam saw ,god1 and heard the sound of ,his feet as ,he walked at even1 and he hid in paradise4 ,and ,jacob saw and struggled with ,god4 ,it is evident that ,god appeared to him in the form of a man4 ,and ,moses saw ,him1 and ,isaias saw as it were the back of a man1 and as a man seated on a throne4 ,and ,daniel saw the likeness of a man1 and as the ,son of ,man coming to the ancient of days4 ,no one saw the nature of ,god1 but the type and image of what was to be4 ,for the ,son and ,word of the invisible ,god1 was to become man in truth1 that ,he might be united to our nature1 and be seen upon earth4 ,now all who looked upon the type and image of the future1 worshipped it1 as ,st ,paul says in his epistle to the ,hebrews3 ',all these died according to faith1 not having received the promises1 but beholding them afar off1 and saluting them4' ,shall ,i not make an image of ,him who took the nature of flesh for me8 ,shall ,i not reverence and worship ,him1 through the honour and worship of ,his image8 ,abraham saw not the nature of ,god1 for no man ever saw ,god1 but the image of ,god1 and falling down he adored4 ,josue saw the image of an angel1 not as he is1 for an angel is not visible to bodily eyes1 and falling down he adored1 and so did ,daniel4 ,yet an angel is a creature1 and servant1 and minister of ,god1 not ,god4 ,and he worshipped the angel not as ,god1 but as ,god's ministering spirit4 ,and shall not ,i make images of ,christ's friends8 ,and shall ,i not worship them as the images of ,god's friends1 not as gods8 ,neither ,josue nor ,daniel worshipped the angels they saw as gods4 ,neither do ,i worship the image as ,god1 but through the image of the saints too1 show my worship to ,god1 because ,i honour ,his friends1 and do them reverence4 ,god did not unite ,himself to the angelic nature1 but to the human4 ,he did not become an angel3 ,he became a man in nature1 and in truth4 ,it is indeed ,abraham's seed which ,he embraces1 not the angel's4 ,the ,son of ,god in person did not take the nature of the angels3 ,he took the nature of man4 ,the angels did not participate in the divine nature1 but in working and in grace4 ,now1 men do participate1 and become partakers of the divine nature when they receive the holy ,body of ,christ and drink ,his ,blood4 ,for ,he is united in person to the ,godhead1#bd and two natures in the ,body of ,christ shared by us are united indissolubly in person1 and we partake of the two natures1 of the body bodily1 and of the ,godhead in spirit1 or1 rather1 of each in both4 ,we are made one1 not in person1 for first we have a person and then we are united by blending together the body and the blood4 ,how are we not greater than the angels1 if through fidelity to the commandments we keep this perfect union8 ,in itself our nature is far removed from the angels1 on account of death and the heaviness of the body1 but through ,god's goodness and its union with ,him it has become higher than the angels4 ,for angels stand by that nature with fear and trembling1 as1 in the person of ,christ1 it sits upon a throne of glory1 and they will stand by in trembling at the judgment4 ,according to ,scripture they are not partakers of the divine glory4 ,for they are all ministering spirits1 being sent to minister because of those who are to be heirs of salvation1 not that they shall reign together1 nor that they shall be together glorified1 nor that they shall sit at the table of the ,father4 ,the saints1 on the contrary1 are the children of ,god1 the children of the kingdom1 heirs of ,god1 and co-heirs of ,christ4 ,therefore1 ,i honour the saints1 and glorify the servants and friends and co-heirs of ,christ3 servants by nature1 friends by their choice3 friends and co-heirs by divine grace1 as our ,lord said in speaking to the ,father4 ,as we are speaking of images1 let us speak of worship also1 and in the first place determine what it is4 ,on ,adoration4 ,what is ,adoration8 ,adoration is a token of subjection1--that is1 of submission and humiliation4 ,there are many kinds of adoration4 ,on the kinds of ,adoration4 ,the first kind is the worship of latreia1 which we give to ,god1 who alone is adorable by nature1 and this worship is shown in several ways1 and first by the worship of servants4 ,all created things worship ,him1 as servants their master4 ,all things serve ,thee1 the psalm says4 ,some serve willingly1 others unwillingly2 some with full knowledge1 willingly1 as in the case of the devout1 others knowing1 but not willing1 against their will1 as the devil's4 ,others1 again1 not knowing the true ,god1 worship in spite of themselves ,him whom they do not know4 ,the second kind is the worship of admiration and desire which we give to ,god on account of ,his essential glory4 ,he alone is worthy of praise1 who receives it from no one1 being ,himself the cause of all glory and all good1 ,he is light1 incomprehensible sweetness1 incomparable1 immeasurable perfection1 an ocean of goodness1 boundless wisdom1 and power1 who alone is worthy of ,himself to excite admiration1 to be worshipped1 glorified1 and desired4 ,the third kind of worship is that of thanksgiving for the goods we have received4 ,we must thank ,god for all created things1 and show ,him perpetual worship1 as from ,him and through ,him all creation takes its being and subsists4 ,he gives lavishly of ,his gifts to all1 and without being asked4 ,he wishes all to be saved1 and to partake of ,his goodness4 ,he is long-suffering with us sinners4 ,he allows ,his sun to shine upon the just and unjust1 and ,his rain to fall upon the wicked and the good alike4 ,and being the ,son of ,god1 ,he became one of us for our sakes1 and made us partakers of ,his divine nature1 so that we shall be like unto ,him1 as ,st ,john says in his ,catholic epistle4 ,the fourth kind is suggested by the need and hope of benefits4 ,recognising that without ,him we can neither do nor possess anything good1 we worship ,him1 asking ,him to satisfy our needs and desires1 that we may be preserved from evil and arrive at good4 ,the fifth kind is the worship of contrition and confession4 ,as sinners we worship ,god1 and prostrate ourselves before ,him1 needing ,his forgiveness1 as it becomes servants4 ,this happens in three ways4 ,a man may be sorry out of love1 or lest he should lose ,god's benefits1 or for fear of chastisement4 ,the first is prompted by goodness and desire for ,god himself1 and the condition of a son3 the second is interested1 the third is slavish4 ,what we find worshipped in ,scripture1 and in how many ways we show worship to creatures4 ,first1 those places in which ,god1 who alone is holy1 has rested1 and ,his resting-place in the saints1 as in the holy ,mother of ,god and in all the saints4 ,these are they who are made like to ,god as far as possible1 of their own free will1 and by ,god's indwelling1 and by ,his abiding grace4 ,they are truly called gods1 not by nature1 but by participation2 just as red-hot iron is called fire1 not by nature1 but by participation in the fire's action4 ,he says3 ',be ye holy because ,i am holy4' ,the first thing is the free choice of the will4 ,then1 in the case of a good choice1 ,god helps it on and confirms it4 ',i will take up my abode in them1' ,he says4 ',we are the temples of ,god1 and the ,spirit of ,god dwells in us4' ,again1 ,he gave them power over unclean spirits1 to cast them out1 and to heal all manner of diseases1 and all manner of infirmities4 ,and again1 ',that which ,i do you shall do1 and greater things4' ,again3 ',as ,i live1' ,god says1 'whosoever shall glorify ,me1 him will ,i glorify4' ,again3 ,if we suffer with ,him that we may be also glorified with ,him4 ,and ',god stood' in the synagogue of the gods2 in the midst of it ,he points out the gods4 ,as1 then1 they are truly gods1 not by nature1 but as partakers of ,god's nature1 so they are to be worshipped1 not as worshipful on their own account1 but as possessing in themselves ,him who is worshipful by nature4 ,just in the same way iron when ignited is not by nature hot and burning to the touch1 it is the fire which makes it so4 ,they are worshipped as exalted by ,god1 as through ,him inspiring fear to ,his enemies1 and becoming benefactors to the faithful4 ,it is love of ,god which gives them their free access to ,him1 not as gods or benefactors by nature1 but as servants and ministers of ,god4 ,we worship them1 then1 as the king is honoured through the honour given to a loved servant4 ,he is honoured as a minister in attendance upon his master--as a valued friend1 not as king4 ,the prayers of those who approach with faith are heard1 whether through the servant's intercession with the king1 or whether through the king's acceptance of the honour and faith shown by the servant's petitioner1 for it was in his name that the petition was made4 ,thus1 those who approached through the apostles obtained their cures4 ,thus the shadow1 and winding-sheets1 and girdles of the apostles worked healings4 ,those who perversely and profanely wish them to be adored as gods are themselves damnable1 and deserve eternal fire4 ,and those who in the false pride of their hearts disdain to worship ,god's servants are convicted of impiety towards ,god4 ,the children who derided and laughed to scorn ,elisseus bear witness to this1 inasmuch as they were devoured by bears4 ,secondly1 we worship creatures by honouring those places or persons whom ,god has associated with the work of our salvation1 whether before our ,lord's coming or since the dispensation of ,his incarnation4 ,for instance1 ,i venerate ,mount ,sinai1 ,nazareth1 the stable at ,bethlehem1 and the cave1 the sacred mount of ,golgotha1 the wood of the ,cross1 the nails and sponge and reed1 the sacred and saving lance1 the dress and tunic1 the linen cloths1 the swathing clothes1 the holy tomb1 the source of our resurrection1 the sepulchre1 the holy mountain of ,sion and the mountain of ,olives1 the ,pool of ,bethsaida and the sacred garden of ,gethsemane1 and all similar spots4 ,i cherish them and every holy temple of ,god1 and everything connected with ,god's name1 not on their own account1 but because they show forth the divine power1 and through them and in them it pleased ,god to bring about our salvation4 ,i venerate and worship angels and men1 and all matter participating in divine power and ministering to our salvation through it4 ,i do not worship the ,jews4 ,they are not participators in divine power1 nor have they contributed to my salvation4 ,they crucified my ,god1 the ,king of ,glory1 moved rather by envy and hatred against ,god their ,benefactor4 ',lord1 ,i have loved the beauty of ,thy house1' says ,david1 'we will adore in the place where ,his feet stood4 ,and adore at ,his holy mountain4' ,the holy ,mother of ,god is the living holy mountain of ,god4 ,the apostles are the teaching mountains of ,god4 ',the mountains skipped like rams1 and the hills like the lambs of the flock4' ,the third kind of worship is directed to objects dedicated to ,god1 as1 for instance1 the holy ,gospels and other sacred books4 ,they were written for our instruction who live in these latter days4 ,sacred vessels1 again1 chalices1 thuribles1 candelabra1 and altars 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,zeta ,u#jc;b#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i7 belong to this category4 ,it is evident that respect is due to them all4 ,consider how ,baltassar made the people use the sacred vessels1 and how ,god took away his kingdom from him4 ,the fourth kind of worship is that of images seen by the prophets4 ,they saw ,god in sensible vision1 and images of future things1 as ,aaron's rod1 the figure of ,our ,lady's virginity1 the urn1 and the table4 ,and ,jacob worshipped on the point 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#jd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd7 of his rod4 ,he was a type of our ,lord4 ,images of past events recall their remembrance4 ,the tabernacle was an image of the whole world4 ',see1' ,god said to ,moses1 'the type which was shown to thee on the mountain1 and the golden cherubim1 the work of sculpturers1 and the cherubim within the veil of woven work4' ,thus we adore the sacred figure of the ,cross1 the likeness of our ,god's bodily features1 the likeness of her who bore ,him1 and all belonging to ,him4 ,the fifth manner is in the worship of each other as having upon us the mark of ,god and being made after ,his image1 humbling ourselves mutually1 and so fulfilling the law of charity4 ,the sixth manner is the worship of those in power who have authority4 ',give to all men their dues1' the apostle says2 'give honour where it is due4' ,this ,jacob did in worshipping ,esau as his elder brother1 and ,pharao the ruler established by ,god4 ,in the seventh place1 the worship of servants towards their masters and benefactors1 and of petitioners towards those who grant their favours1 as in the case of ,abraham when he bought the double cave from the sons of ,emmor4 ,it is needless to say that fear1 desire1 and honour are tokens of worship1 as also submission and humiliation4 ,no one should be worshipped as ,god except the one true ,god4 ,whatever is due to all the rest is for ,god's sake4 ,you see what great strength and divine zeal are given to those who venerate the images of the saints with faith and a pure conscience4 ,therefore1 brethren1 let us take our stand on the rock of the faith1 and on the tradition of the ,church1 neither removing the boundaries laid down by our holy fathers of old1 nor listening to those who would introduce innovation and destroy the economy of the holy ,catholic and ,apostolic ,church of ,god4 ,if any man is to have his foolish way1 in a short time the whole organisation of the ,church will be reduced to nothing4 ,brethren and beloved children of the ,church do not put your mother to shame1 do not rend her to pieces4 ,receive her teaching through me4 ,listen to what ,god says of her3 ',thou art all fair1 ,o my love1 and there is not a spot in thee4' ,let us worship and adore our ,god and ,creator as alone worthy of worship by nature1 and let us worship the holy ,mother of ,god1 not as ,god1 but as ,god's ,mother according to the flesh4 ,let us worship the saints also1 as the chosen friends of ,god1 and as possessing access to ,him4 ,if men worship kings subject to corruption1 who are often bad and impious1 and those ruling or deputed in their name1 as the holy apostle says1 ',be subject to princes and powers1' and again1 ',give to all their due1 to one honour1 to another fear1' and our ,lord1 ',give to ,caesar that which is ,caesar's1 and to ,god that which is ,god's1' how much more should we worship the ,king of ,kings8 ,he alone is ,god by nature2 and we should worship ,his servants and friends who reign over their passions and are constituted rulers of the whole earth4 ',thou shalt make them princes over all the earth1' says ,david4 ,they receive power against demons and against disease1 and with ,christ they reign over an incorruptible and unchangeable kingdom4 ,their shadow alone has put forth disease and demons4 ,should we not deem a shadow a slighter and weaker thing than an image8 ,yet it is a true outline of the original4 ,brethren1 the ,christian is faith4#be ,he who walks by faith gains many things4 ,the doubter1 on the contrary1 is as a wave of the sea torn and tossed2 he profits nothing4 ,all the saints pleased ,god by faith4 ,let us then receive the teaching of the ,church in simplicity of heart without questioning4 ,god made man sane and sound4 ,it was man who was over curious4 ,let us not seek to learn a new faith1 destructive of ancient tradition1 ,st ,paul says1 ',if a man teach any other ,gospel than what he has been taught1 let him be anathema4' ,thus1 we worship images1 and it is not a worship of matter1 but of those whom matter represents4 ,the honour given to the image is referred to the original1 as holy ,basil rightly says4 ,and may ,christ fill you with the joy of ,his resurrection1 most holy flock of ,christ1 ,christian people1 chosen race1 body of the ,church1 and make you worthy to walk in the footsteps of the saints1 of the shepherds and teachers of the ,church1 leading you to enjoy ,his glory in the brightness of the saints4 ,may you gain ,his glory for eternity1 with the ,uncreated ,father1 to whom be praise for ever4 ,amen4 ,speaking on the distinction between images and idols1 and defining what images are1 it is time to give proofs in question1 according to our promise4#bf ,testimony of ,ancient and ,learned ,fathers concerning ,images4 ,st ,denis1 ,bishop of ,athens1 from his letter to ,st ,john the ,apostle and ,evangelist4 ,sensible images do indeed show forth invisible things4 ,the same1 from his ,homily on the ,ecclesiastical ,hierarchy4 ,the substances and orders to which we have already alluded with reverence1 are spirits1 and they are set forth in spiritual and immaterial array4 ,we can see it when brought down to our medium1 symbolised in various forms1 by which we are led up to the mental contemplation of ,god and divine goodness4 ,spirits think of ,him as spirits according to their nature1 but we are led as far as may be by sensible images to the divine contemplation4 ,commentary4--,if1 then1 we are led by the medium of sensible images to divine contemplation1 what unseemliness is there in making an image of ,him ,who was seen in the form1 and habit1 and nature of man for our sakes8 ,st ,basil1 from his ,homily on the ,forty ,martyrs4 ,the fortunes of war are wont to supply matter both for orators and painters4 ,orators describe them in glowing language1 painters depict them on their canvas1 and both have led many on to deeds of fortitude4 ,that which words are to the ear1 that the silent picture points out for imitation4 ,the same1 on the ,thirty ,chapters on the ,holy ,ghost to ,amphilochios1 #ahth ,answer4 ,the image of the king is also called the king1 and there are not two kings4 ,neither power is broken1 nor is glory divided4 ,as we are ruled by one government and authority1 so our homage is one1 not many4 ,thus the honour given to the image is referred to the original4 ,that which the image represents by imitation on earth1 that the ,son is by nature in ,heaven4 ,commentary4--,just1 then1 as he who does not honour the ,son does not honour the ,father who sent ,him1 as our ,lord says1 so he who does not honour the image does not honour the original4 ,still some one says1 ',we cannot refuse to honour the image of ,christ1 but we will not have the saints4' ,what folly6 ,listen to what our ,lord says to ,his disciples3 ',he who receives you receives ,me1' so that the man who does not honour the saints does not honour ,christ either4 ,st ,john ,chrysostom1 from his ',commentary on the ,epistle to the ,hebrews4' ,how can what precedes be an image of what follows1 as1 for instance1 ,melchisedech of ,christ8 ,just in the same way as a sketch would be an outline of the picture4 ,on this account the old law is called a shadow1 and the new--the truth and what is to come--certainties4 ,thus ,melchisedech1 who represents the law1 is a foreshadowing of the picture4 ,the new dispensation is the truth2 the picture fully completed shows forth eternity4 ,we might call the old dispensation a type of a type1 and the new a type of the things themselves4 ,from the ,spiritual ,history of ,theodore1 ,bishop of ,cyrus4 ,from the ',life of ,st ,simon ,stylites4' ,it is superfluous to speak of ,italy4 ,they say that this man became so well known in the great city of ,rome1 that small statues were erected to him in all the porticos of workshops1 as a certain protection to them1 and a guarantee of security4 ,st ,basil1 from his ',commentary on ,isaias4' ,when the devil saw man made after ,god's image and likeness1 as he could not fight against ,god1 he vented his wickedness on the image of ,god4 ,in the same way an angry man might stone the ,king's image1 because he cannot stone the ,king1 striking the wood which bears his likeness4 ,commentary4--,thus1 every man who honours the image must necessarily honour the original4 ,the same4 ,just as the man who shows contempt for the royal image is held to show it for the ,king himself1 so is he convicted of sin who shows contempt for man made after an image4 ,st ,athanasius1 from the ,hundred ,chapters addressed to ,antiochus1 the ,prefect1 according to ,question and ,answer4--,chap4 xxxviii4 ,answer4--,we1 who are of the faithful1 do not worship images as gods1 as the heathens did1 ,god forbid1 but we mark our loving desire alone to see the face of the person represented in image4 ,hence1 when it is obliterated1 we are wont to throw the image as so much wood into the fire4 ,jacob1 when he was about to die1 worshipped on the point of ,joseph's staff1 not honouring the staff but its owner4 ,just in the same way do we greet images as we should embrace our children and parents to signify our affection4 ,thus the ,jew1 too1 worshipped the tablets of the law1 and the two golden cherubim in carved work1 not because he honoured gold or stone for itself1 but the ,lord who had ordered them to be made4 ,st ,john ,chrysostom1 on the ',third ,psalm1 on ,david1 and ,absalom4' ,kings put victorious trophies before their conquering generals2 rulers erect proud monuments to their charioteers1 and brave men1 and with the epitaph as a crown1 use matter for their triumph4 ,others1 again1 write the praises of conquerors in books1 wishing to show that their own gift in praising is greater than those praised4 ,and orators and painters1 sculpturers and people1 rulers1 and cities1 and places acclaim the victorious4 ,no one ever made images of the deserter or the coward4 ,st ,cyril of ,alexandria1 from his ',address to the ,emperor ,theodosius4' ,if images represent the originals1 they should call forth the same reverence4 ,the same1 from his ',treasures4' ,images are ever the likenesses of their originals4 ,the same1 from his ,poem1 on the ',revelation of ,christ being signified through all the ,teaching of ,moses4 ,on ,abraham and ,melchisedech4'--,chap4 vi4 ,images should be made after their originals4 ,st ,gregory of ,nazianzen1 from ,his ,sermon on the ',son1' ii4 ,an image is essentially a representation of its original4 ,st ,chrysostom1 from his ,third ',commentary on the ,colossians4' ,the image of what is invisible1 were it also invisible1 would cease to be an image4 ,an image1 as far as it is an image1 should be kept inviolably by us1 owing to the likeness it represents4 ,the same1 from his ',commentary on the ,hebrews4'--,chap4 xvii4 ,as in images the image presents the form of a man1 though not his strength1 so the original and the likeness have much in common1 for the likeness is the man4 ,eusebius ,pamphilius1 from the ,fifth ,book of his ,gospel ,proofs1 on ',god appeared to ,abraham by the ,oak of ,mambre4' ,hence1 even now the inhabitants cherish the place where visions appeared to ,abraham1 as divinely consecrated4 ,the turpentine tree is still to be seen1 and those who received ,abraham's hospitality are painted in picture1 one on each side1 and the stranger of greatest dignity in the middle4 ,he would be an image of our ,lord and ,saviour1 whom even rude men reverence1 ,whose divine words they believe4 ,it was ,he who1 through ,abraham1 sowed the seeds of piety in men4 ,in the likeness and habit of an ordinary man ,he presented himself to ,abraham1#bg and gave him knowledge of ,his ,father4 ,john of ,antioch1 also called ,malala1 from his ,chronography concerning the ',woman with the ,issue of ,blood1 who erected a ,monument to ,christ4' ,from that time ,john the ,baptist became known to men1 and ,herod1 toparcha of the ,trachonitis region1 beheaded him in the city of ,sebaste1 on the eighth day of the kalends of ,june1 ,flaccus and ,ruffinus being consuls4 ,king ,herod1 ,philip's son1 in grief at this event1 left ,judea4 ,a rich woman1 ,berenice by name1 who was also living at ,paneada1 sought him out wishing as she had been cured by ,jesus1 to erect a monument to ,him4 ,not daring to do it without the king's consent1 she presented a petition to ,king ,herod1 asking to be allowed to erect a golden monument in that city to our ,lord4 ,the petition ran thus3-- ,to the august ,herod1 toparcha1 law-giver of ,jews and ,greeks1 ,king of ,trachonitis1 a suppliant petition from ,berenice1 an inhabitant of ,paneada4 ,you are crowned with justice and mercy and all other virtues4 ,knowing this and in good hope of success1 ,i am writing to you4 ,if you read my beginning you will soon be instructed as to facts4 ,from childhood ,i suffered with an issue of blood1 and spent my time and my substance on doctors1 and was not cured4 ,hearing of the wonderworking ,christ1 how ,he raised the dead to life again1 put forth devils1 and cured the sick by one word1 ,i also went to ,him as to ,god4 ,and approaching the crowd which surrounded ,him fearing lest ,he should turn me away in anger on account of my complaint1 and that ,i should feel it more1 ,i said to myself1 ',if ,i could only touch the border of ,his garment1 ,i should be cured4' ,i had no sooner touched it than the haemorrhage stopped1 and ,i was cured on the spot4 ,and ,he1 as if ,he had read my heart's desire1 said aloud1 ',who has touched ,me8 ,power has gone out of ,me6' ,and ,i pale and trembling1 thinking to throw off my sickness the sooner1 prostrated myself at ,his feet1 bathing the ground with my tears1 and confessed my action4 ,he in ,his goodness compassionating me1 assured me of my cure1 saying3 ',be of good heart1 daughter1 thy faith has healed thee4 ,go in peace6' ,do you now1 august ruler1 grant my righteous petition4 ,king ,herod receiving this petition1 was struck with wonder and in awe at the cure1 replied3 ',the cure wrought for you1 ,o woman1 deserves a splendid monument4 ,go then and put up any memorial you like to ,him1 in praise of the ,healer4' ,and immediately ,berenice the sick woman of yore1 set up in the midst of her own city of ,paneada a monument in bronze1 adorned with gold and silver4 ,it is still standing in the city of ,paneada4 ,not long ago it was taken from the place where it stood to the middle of the city1 and placed in a house of prayer4 ,one1 ,batho1 a converted ,jew1 found it mentioned in a book which contained an account of all those who had reigned over ,judea4 ,from the ',ecclesiastical ,history of ,socrates1' ,book ,i4 ,chap4 xviii41 on the ,emperor ,constantine4 ,after this the ,emperor ,constantine1 being most zealous for the ,christian religion1 destroyed heathen observances1 and prohibited single combats1 whilst he set up his images in the temples4 ,stephen ,bostrenus1 against the ,jews4--,chap4 iv4 ,we have made the images of the saints for a remembrance of ,abraham1 ,isaac1 ,jacob1 ,moses1 and ,elias and ,zachary1 and of other prophets and holy martyrs1 who gave their life for ,him4 ,every one who looks at their images may thus be reminded of them and glorify ,him who glorifies them4 ,the same4 ,as to images let us take courage that every work done in ,god's name is good and holy4 ,now as to idols and statues1 beware1 they are all bad1 both the things and their makers4 ,an image of a holy prophet is one thing1 a statue or carved figure of ,saturn or ,venus1 the sun or the moon1 quite another4 ,as man was made after ,god's image1 he is worshipped2 but the serpent as the image of the devil1 is unclean and execrable4 ,tell me1 ,o ,jew1 if you reject man's handiwork1 what is left on earth to be worshipped which is not the work of his hand8 ,was not the ark made by hands1 and the altar1 the propitiatory and the cherubim1 the golden urn containing the manna1 the table and the inner tabernacle1 and all that ,god ordered to be put in the holy of ,holies8 ,were not the cherubim the images of angels made by hands8 ,do you call them idols8 ,what do you say to ,moses who worshipped them and to ,israel8 ,worship is symbolical of honour1 and we sinners worship ,god1 and glorify ,him by the divine worship of latreia which is due to ,him1 and we tremble before ,him as our ,creator4 ,we worship the angels and servants of ,god for ,his sake1 as creatures and servants of ,god4 ,an image is a name and likeness of him it represents4 ,thus both by writing and by engraving we are ever mindful of our ,lord's sufferings1 and of the holy prophets in the old law and in the new4 ,st ,leontius of ,naples1 in ,cyprus1 against the ,jews--,book v4 ,enter then heartily into our apology for the making of sacred images1 so that the mouths of foolish people speaking injustice may be closed4 ,this tradition comes from the old law1 not from us4 ,listen to ,god's command to ,moses that he should make two cherubim wrought in metal to overshadow the propitiatory4 ,and again1 ,god showed the temple to ,ezechiel1 with its carved faces of lions1 forms of palms and men from floor to ceiling4 ,the command is truly awe-inspiring4 ,god1 who enjoins ,israel not to make any graven thing1 likeness or image of anything in heaven or on earth1 also orders ,moses to make carved cherubim4 ,god shows the temple to ,ezechiel1 full of images and sculptured likenesses of lions1 palms1 and men4 ,and ,solomon1 in conformity to the law1 filled the temple with metal figures of oxen1 palms1 and men1 and ,god did not reproach him for it4 ,now1 if you wish to reproach me concerning images1 you condemn ,god1 who ordered these things to be made that they might remind us of ,himself4 ,the same1 from the #crd ,book4 ,again1 atheists mock at us concerning the ,holy ,cross and the worship of divine images1 calling us idolators and worshippers of wooden gods4 ,now1 if ,i am a worshipper of wood1 as you say1 ,i am a worshipper of many1 and1 if so1 ,i should swear by many1 and say1 ',by the gods1' just as you at the sight of one calf said1 ',these are thy gods1 ,o ,israel4' ,you could not maintain that ,christian lips had used the expression1 but the adulterous and unbelieving synagogue is wont ever to cast infamy upon the all-wise ,church of ,christ4 ,the same4 ,we do not adore as gods the figures and images of the saints4 ,for if it was the mere wood of the image that we adored as ,god1 we should likewise adore all wood1 and not1 as often happens1 when the form grows faint1 throw the image into the fire4 ,and again1 as long as the wood remains in the form of a cross1 ,i adore it on account of ,christ who was crucified upon it4 ,when it falls to pieces1 ,i throw them into the fire4 ,just as the man who receives the sealed orders of the king and embraces the seal1 looks upon the dust and paper and wax as honourable in their reference to the king's service1 so we ,christians1 in worshipping the ,cross1 do not worship the wood for itself1 but seeing in it the impress and seal and figure of ,christ ,himself1 crucified through it and on it1 we fall down and adore4 ,the same4 ,on this account ,i depict ,christ and ,his sufferings in churches1 and houses1 and public places1 and images1 on clothes1 and store-houses1 and in every available place1 so that ever before me1 ,i may bear them in lasting memory1 and not be unmindful1 as you are1 of my ,lord ,god4 ,in worshipping the book of the law1 you are not worshipping parchment or colour1 but ,god's words contained in it4 ,so do ,i worship the image of ,christ1 neither wood nor colouring for themselves4 ,adoring an inanimate figure of ,christ through the ,cross1 ,i seem to possess and to adore ,christ4 ,jacob received ,joseph's cloak of many colours from his brothers who had sold him1 and he caressed it with tears as he gazed at it4 ,he did not weep over the cloak1 but considered it a way of showing his love for ,joseph and of embracing him4 ,thus do we ,christians embrace with our lips the image of ,christ1 or the apostles1 or the martyrs1 whilst in spirit we deem that we are embracing ,christ ,himself or ,his martyr4 ,as ,i have often said1 the end in view must always be considered in all greeting and worship4 ,if you upbraid me because ,i worship the wood of the ,cross1 why do you not upbraid ,jacob for worshipping on the point of ,joseph's staff8 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;fe#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e74 ,it is evident that it was not the wood he honoured by his worship1 but ,joseph1 as we adore ,christ through the ,cross4 ,abraham worshipped impious men who sold him the cave1 and bent his knee to the ground1 yet he did not worship them as gods4 ,and again1 ,jacob magnified impious ,pharao and idolatrous ,esau seven times1 yet not as ,god4 ,how many salutations and worshippings ,i have put before you1 both natural and scriptural1 which are not to be condemned1 and you no sooner see any one worshipping the image of ,christ or ,his ,immaculate 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b7 ,mother or a saint than you are angry and blaspheme and call me an idolator4 ,have you no shame1 seeing me as you do day by day pulling down the temples of idols in the whole world and raising churches to martyrs8 ,if ,i worship idols1 why do ,i honour martyrs1 their destroyers8 ,if ,i glorify wood1 as you say1 why do ,i honour the saints who have pulled down the wooden statues of demons8 ,if ,i glorify stones1 how can ,i glorify the apostles who broke the stone idols8 ,if ,i honour the images of false gods1 how can ,i praise and glorify and keep the feast of the three children at ,babylon who would not worship the golden statue8 ,how greatly foolish people err1 and how blind they are6 ,what shamelessness is yours1 ,o ,jew6 what impiety6 ,you sin indeed against the truth4 ,arise1 ,o ,god1 and justify ,thy cause4 ,judge and justify us from people1 not all people1 but from senseless and hostile people who constantly provoke ,thee4 ,the same4 ,if1 as ,i have often said1 ,i worshipped wood and stone as ,god1 ,i1 too1 should say to each1 ',thou hast brought me forth4' ,if ,i worship the images of the saints1 or rather the saints1 and worship and reverence the combats of the holy martyrs1 how can you call these idols1 senseless man8 ,for idols are likenesses of false gods and adulterers1 murderers and luxurious men1 not of prophets or apostles4 ,listen whilst ,i take a telling and most true example of ,christian and heathen images4 ,the ,chaldeans in ,babylon had all sorts of musical instruments for the worship of idols who were devils1 and the children of ,israel had brought musical instruments from ,jerusalem1 which they hung upon the willow trees1 and the instruments of both lutes and stringed instruments and flutes gave forth their music1 these for the glory of ,god1 the others for the service of devils4 ,so must you look upon images and idols of heathens and ,christians4 ,heathen idols were for the glory and remembrance of the devil2 ,christian images are for the glory of ,christ1 and of ,his apostles and martyrs and saints4 ,the same4 ,when1 then1 you see a ,christian worshipping the ,cross1 know that his adoration is not given to the wood1 but to ,christ ,crucified4 ,we might as well worship all wood1 as ,israel worshipped woods and trees1 saying1 ',thou art my ,god1 and ,thou hast brought me forth4' ,it is not so with us4 ,we keep in churches and in our houses a remembrance and a representation of our ,lord's sufferings and of those who fought for ,him1 doing everything for our ,lord's sake4 ,once more4 ,tell me1 ,o ,jew1 what law authorised ,moses to worship ,jethor1 his brother-in-law1 and an idolator8 ,or ,jacob to worship ,pharao1 and ,abraham the sons of ,emmor8 ,they were just men and prophets4 ,again1 ,daniel worshipped the impious ,nabuchodonosor4 ,for if they so acted on account of life in this world1 why do you reproach me for worshipping the holy memories of the saints1 whether in books or pictures1 their combats and sufferings1 which are a daily source of good to me1 and will help me to lasting and eternal life8 ,saint ,athanasius against the ,arians4--,book iii4 ,the ,son being of the same substance as the ,father1 ,he can justly say that ,he has what the ,father has4 ,hence it was fitting and proper that after the words ',i and the ,father are one1' he should add1 'that you may know that ,i am in the ,father and the ,father in ,me4' ,he had already said the same thing4 ',he who sees ,me sees the ,father4' ,there is one and the same mind in these three sayings4 ,to know that the ,father and the ,son are one is to know that he is in the ,father and the ,father in the ,son4 ,the ,godhead of the ,son is the ,godhead of the ,father4 ,the man who receives this understands 'that he who sees the ,son sees the ,father4' ,for the ,godhead of the ,father is seen in the ,son4 ,this will be easier to understand from the example of the king's image which shows forth his form and likeness4 ,the king is the likeness of his image4 ,the likeness of the king is indelibly impressed upon the image1 so that any one looking at the image sees the king1 and again1 any one looking at the king recognises that the image is his likeness4 ,being an indelible likeness1 the image might answer a man1 who expressed the wish to see the king after contemplating it1 by saying1 ',the king and ,i are one4 ,i am in him and he is in me4 ,that which you see in me you see in him1 and the man who looks upon him looks at the same in me4' ,he who worships the image worships the king in it4 ,the image is his form and likeness4 ,the same1 to ,antiochus the ,ruler4 ,what do our adversaries say to these things1 they who maintain that we should not worship the effigies of the saints1 which are preserved amongst us for a remembrance of them4 ,st ,ambrose of ,milan1 to the ,emperor ,gratian concerning the ,incarnation of ,god the ,word4 ,god before flesh was made1 and ,god in the flesh4 ,there is a fear lest1 abstracting the double principle of action and wisdom from ,christ1 we should glorify a mutilated ,christ4 ,now1 is it possible to divide ,christ whilst we adore ,his ,godhead and ,his flesh8 ,do we divide ,him when we adore at once the image of ,god and the ,cross8 ,god forbid4 ,st ,cyril of ,jerusalem1 twelfth ,instruction4 ,if you seek the cause of ,christ's presence1 go back to the first chapter of ,scripture4 ,god made the world in six days1 but the world was made for man4 ,the most brilliant sun glowing with light was made for man4 ,and all living things were created for our service1 trees and flowers for our enjoyment4 ,all created things were beautiful1 yet only man was the image of ,god4 ,the sun arose by command alone3 man was moulded by the ,divine ,hand4 ',let us make man to our image and likeness4' ,the wooden image of an earthly king is honoured1 how much more the rational image of ,god8 ,st ,john ,chrysostom1 on the ,machabees4 ,the royal effigies are shown forth not only on gold and silver1 and the most costly materials1 but the royal form itself1 even on copper4 ,the difference of matter does not affect the dignity of the character impressed1 nor does a viler material diminish the honour of what is great4 ,the royal figure is always a consecration2 not lessened by matter1 it exalts matter4 ,the same1 against ,julian the ,apostate4--#ast ,book4 ,what does this new ,nabuchodonosor want8 ,he has not shown himself kinder to us than ,nabuchodonosor of old1 whose furnace still pierces us through1 although we have escaped from its flames4 ,do not the shrines of saints in churches1 inviting the worship of the faithful1 show forth the destruction of the body8#bh ,the same1 on the ,piscina4 ,just as when the royal effigy and image is sent or carried into the city1 rulers and people go out to meet it with respect and reverence1 not honouring the wooden receptacle1 or the waxen representation1 but the person of the king2 so is it with created things4 ,severianus of the ,gabali1 on the ,cross4 ,fourth ,homily4--',moses struck the rock twice4' ,why twice8 ,if he was obeying ,god's commands1 what need was there of striking a second time8 ,if without1 not two1 or ten1 or a hundred strikings would have unlocked nature3 if it was simply ,god's work without the mystery of the ,cross1 one striking1 or nod1 or word would have sufficed4 ,but it is meant to be an image of the ,cross4 ,moses1 the ,scripture says1 struck once and then again1 in the sign of the ,cross1 not for actual necessity1 so that inanimate nature might reverence the symbol4 ,if in the king's absence his image supplies his place1 rulers worship1 and festivals are held1 and princes go out to meet it1 and people prostrate themselves1 not looking at the material1 but at the figure of the king shown forth in representation not seen in nature1 how much more shall the image of the ,eternal ,king break open the heavens and the whole universe1 not the rock alone4 ,jerome1 ,priest of ,jerusalem1 on the ,holy ,trinity4 ,as the ,scripture nowhere enjoins you to worship the ,cross1 what makes you adore it8 ,tell us1 ,jews and heathens1 and all inquiring people4 ,answer4--,on this account1 ,o slow and foolish of heart1 ,god allowed the people1 who revered ,him1 to worship what was on earth1 the handiwork of man1 so that they should not be able to reproach ,christians concerning the ,cross and the worship of images4 ,now just as the ,jew adored the ark of the covenant1 and the two carved cherubim of gold1 and the two tablets of ,moses1 although there is nowhere an order from ,god to worship or revere them1 so is it with ,christians4 ,we do not revere the ,cross as ,god2 we show through it what we truly feel about the ,crucified ,one4 ,simeon of ,mount ,thaumastus on ,images4 ,possibly a contentious unbeliever will maintain that we worshipping images in our churches are convicted of praying to lifeless idols4 ,far be it from us to do this4 ,faith#bi makes ,christians1 and ,god1 who cannot deceive1 works miracles4 ,we do not rest contented with mere colouring4 ,with the material picture before our eyes we see the invisible ,god through the visible representation1 and glorify ,him as if present1 not as a ,god without reality1 but as ,god who is the essence of being4 ,nor are the saints whom we glorify fictitious4 ,they are in being1 and are living with ,god2 and their spirits being holy1 they help1 by the power of ,god1 those who deserve and need their assistance4 ,athanasius1 ,archbishop of ,antioch1 to ,simeon1 ,bishop of the ,bostri1 on the ,sabbath4 ,just as in the king's absence his image is worshipped1 so in his presence it is extravagant to leave the original to pay homage to the image4 ,it is disregarded1 because the original on whose account it is honoured is present1 but that is no reason for dishonouring it4 ,it is much the same1 ,i think1 with the shadow or letter of the law4 ,the apostle calls it a figure4 ,in so far as grace anticipated the reign of truth1 the saints were types1 contemplating the truth as in a glass4 ,when the promises were fulfilled1 it was no longer desirable to live according to types1 nor to follow them4 ,in the presence of the realisation the type vanishes into insignificance4 ,still they did not dishonour nor deride types2 they honoured them1 and judged those who treated them with contumely impious1 and deserving of death and severe chastisement4 ,the same4--#crd ,homily4 ,a man worships the king's image for the honour due to the king1 the image itself being mere wax and paint4 ,st ,athanasius of ,mount ,sinai on the ,new ,sabbath1 and on ,st ,thomas the ,apostle4 ,those who saw ,christ in the flesh looked upon ,him as a prophet4 ,we1 who have not seen ,him1 have confessed ,him from our childhood to be the great and ,almighty ,god ,himself1 the ,creator of eternity1 and splendour of the ,father4 ,we listen with faith to ,his ,gospel1 as if we saw ,christ ,himself speaking4 ,and receiving the pure treasure of ,his body1 we believe that ,christ ,himself is acting in us4 ,and if we see only the image of ,his divine form1 as if looking down upon us from heaven1 we prostrate and adore4 ,great is now the faith of ,christ4 ,from the ,life of the ,abbot ,daniel1 on ,eulogius the ,quarryman4 ,then he went away dejected1 and threw himself before an image of ,our ,lady1 and crying out1 he said3 ',lord1 enable me to pay what ,i promised this man4' ,from the ,life of ,st ,mary of ,egypt4 ,as ,i was weeping1 ,i lifted up my eyes and saw the image of ,our ,lady1 and ,i said to her3-- ',o ,virgin1 ,mother of ,god 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a71 who didst give birth to ,god the ,word1 ,i know that it is neither fitting nor seemly that one so defiled and so covered with guilt as ,i should look up to thy image1 ,o ever ,virgin4 ,it is fitting that ,i should be hated and shunned by thy purity4 ,yet as ,he who was born of thee became man on purpose to call sinners to repentance1 help me1 for ,i have no other succour4 ,let me also find an entrance4 ,do not refuse me a sight of the wood on which ,god the ,word1 thy ,son1 suffered according to the flesh1 who shed ,his own precious blood for me4 ,grant1 ,o ,queen1 that ,i may be admitted to worship the sacred ,cross1 and ,i will promise thee as surety to the ,god whom thou didst bring forth that ,i will keep myself ever undefiled4 ,when ,i see the ,cross of thy ,son1 ,i will at once renounce the world and the things of the world1 and forthwith follow wherever thou shalt lead4' ,saying this1 taking faith's token as a conviction1 encouraged by ,our ,lady's clemency1 ,i left that place where ,i had made my petition1 and returned again to join those who were entering the edifice4 ,no one thrust me aside1 and no one prevented me from going into the church4 ,then ,i was seized with horror and fear and trembling in all my limbs4 ,throwing myself on the ground1 and worshipping that holy floor1 ,i came out1 and went to her who had promised to be my security4 ,when ,i came to the place in which the agreement had been signed1 ,i knelt down before the ever blessed ,virgin1 ,mother of ,god1 and addressed her in these words3-- ',o loving ,queen 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a71 thou hast shown me thy goodness2 thou didst not despise the petition of my unworthiness4 ,i have seen glory which sinners do not see4 ,praise be to ,god who receives the repentance of sinners through thee4' ,st ,methodius1 ,bishop of the ,patari 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd71 on the ,resurrection4 ,the images of earthly kings1 even if they are not made of finest gold and silver1 command at once honour from all4 ,as men are not honouring matter1 they do not choose the most precious from the less precious2 they honour the image1 whether made of putty or of copper4 ,a derider of either1 whether he shows contempt to the image of plaster or of gold1 will be held to show contempt to his lord and king4 ,we make golden images of ,his angels1 principalities1 or powers1 for ,his honour and glory4 ,,sermon ,i4 ,,on ,,the ,,assumption 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b74 ,the memory of the just takes place with rejoicing1 said ,solomon1 the wisest of men2 for precious in ,god's sight is the death of ,his saints1 according to the royal#cj ,david4 ,if1 then1 the memory of all the just is a subject of rejoicing1 who will not offer praise to justice in its source1 and holiness in its treasure-house8 ,it is not mere praise2 it is praising with the intention of gaining eternal glory4 ,god's dwelling-place does not need our praise1 that city of ,god1 concerning which great things were spoken1 as holy4#ca ,david addresses it in these words3 ',glorious things are said of thee1 thou city of ,god4' ,what sort of city shall we choose for the invisible and uncircumscribed ,god1 who holds all things in ,his hand1 if not that city which alone is above nature1 giving shelter without circumscription#cb to the supersubstantial ,word of ,god8 ,glorious things have been spoken of that city by ,god himself4 ,for what is more exalted than being made the recipient of ,god's counsel1 which is from all eternity8 ,neither human tongue nor angelic mind is able worthily to praise her through whom it is given to us to look clearly upon the ,lord's glory4 ,what then8 ,shall we be silent through fear of our insufficiency8 ,certainly not4 ,shall we be trespassers beyond our own boundaries1 and freely handle ineffable mysteries1 putting off all restraint8 ,by no means4 ,mingling1 rather1 fear with desire1 and weaving them into one crown1 with reverent hand and longing soul1 let us show forth the poor first-fruits of our intelligence1 in gratitude to our ,queen and ,mother1 the benefactress of all creation1 as a repayment of our debt4 ,a story is told of some rustics who were ploughing up the soil when a king chanced to pass1 in the splendour of his royal robes and crown1 and surrounded by countless gift bearers1 standing in a circle4 ,as there was no gift to offer at that moment1 one of them was collecting water in his hands1 as there happened to be a copious stream near by4 ,of this he prepared a gift for the king1 who addressed him in these words3 ',what is this1 my boy8' ,and he answered boldly3 ',i made the best of what ,i had1 thinking it was better to show my willingness1 than to offer nothing4 ,you do not need our gifts1 nor do you wish for anything from us save our good will4 ,the need is on our side1 and the reward is in the doing4 ,i know that glory often comes to the grateful4' ,the king in wonder praised the boy's cleverness1 graciously acknowledged his willingness1 and made him many rich gifts in return4 ,now1 if that proud monarch so generously rewarded good intentions1 will not ,our ,lady 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ba ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#dd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a71 the ,mother of ,god1 accept our good will1 not judging us by what we accomplish8 ,our ,lady is the ,mother of ,god1 who alone is good and infinite in ,his condescension1 who preferred the two mites to many splendid gifts4 ,she will indeed receive us1 who are paying off our debt1 and make us a return out of all proportion to what we offer4 ,since prayer is absolutely necessary for our needs1 let us direct our attention to it4 ,what shall we say1 ,o ,queen8 ,what words shall we use8 ,what praise shall we pour upon thy sacred and glorified head1 thou giver of good gifts and of riches1 the pride of the human race1 the glory of all creation1 through whom it is truly blessed4 ,he whom nature did not contain in the beginning1 was born of thee4 ,the ,invisible ,one is contemplated face to face4 ,o ,word of ,god1 do ,thou open my slow lips1 and give their utterances ,thy richest blessing2 inflame us with the grace of ,thy ,spirit1 through whom fishermen became orators1 and ignorant men spoke supernatural wisdom1 so that our feeble voices may contribute to thy loved ,mother's praises1 even though greatness should be extolled by misery4 ,she1 the chosen one of an ancient race1 by a predetermined counsel and the good pleasure of ,god the ,father1 who had begotten ,thee in eternity immaterially1 brought ,thee forth in the latter times1 ,thou who art propitiation and salvation1 justice and redemption1 life of life1 light of light1 and true ,god of true ,god4 ,the birth of her1 whose ,child was marvellous1 was above nature and understanding1 and it was salvation to the world2 her death was glorious1 and truly a sacred feast4 ,the ,father predestined her1 the prophets foretold her through the ,holy ,ghost4 ,his sanctifying power overshadowed her1 cleansed#cc and made her holy1 and1 as it were1 predestined her4 ,then ,thou1 ,word of the ,father1 not dwelling in place1#cd didst invite the lowliness of our nature to be united to the immeasurable greatness of ,thy inscrutable ,godhead4 ,thou1 who didst take flesh of the ,blessed ,virgin1 vivified by a reasoning soul1 having first abided in her undefiled and immaculate womb1 creating ,thyself1 and causing her to exist in ,thee1 didst become perfect man1 not ceasing to be perfect ,god1 equal to ,thy ,father1 but taking upon ,thyself our weakness through ineffable goodness4 ,through it ,thou art one ,christ1 one ,lord1 one ,son of ,god1 and man at the same time1 perfect ,god and perfect man1 wholly ,god and wholly man1 one substance 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b7 from two perfect natures1 the ,godhead and the manhood4 ,and in two perfect natures1 the divine and the human1 ,god is not pure ,god1 nor the man only man1 but the ,son of ,god and the ,incarnate ,god are one and the same ,god and man without confusion or division1 uniting in ,himself substantially the attributes of both natures4 ,thus1 ,he is at once uncreated and created1 mortal and immortal1 visible and invisible1 in place and not in place4 ,he has a divine will and a human will1 a divine action and a human also1 two powers of choosing 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,xi ,u#jc;be,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a7 divine and human4 ,he shows forth divine wonders and human affections1--natural1 ,i mean1 and pure4 ,thou hast taken upon ,thyself1 ,lord1 of ,thy great mercy1 the state of ,adam as he was before the fall1 body1 soul1 and mind1 and all that they involve physically1 so as to give me a perfect salvation4 ,it is true indeed that what was not assumed was not healed4#ce ,having thus become the mediator between ,god and man1 ,thou didst destroy enmity1 and lead back to ,thy ,father those who had deserted ,him1 wanderers to their home1 and those in darkness to the light4 ,thou didst bring pardon to the contrite1 and didst change mortality into immortality4 ,thou didst deliver the world from the aberration of many gods1 and didst make men the children of ,god1 partakers of ,thy divine glory4 ,thou didst raise the human race1 which was condemned to hell1 above all power and majesty1 and in ,thy person it is seated on the ,king's eternal throne4 ,who was the instrument of these infinite benefits exceeding all mind and comprehension1 if not the ,mother ever ,virgin who bore ,thee8 ,realise1 ,beloved in the ,lord1 the grace of to-day1 and its wondrous solemnity4 ,its mysteries are not terrible1 nor do they inspire awe4 ,blessed are they who have eyes to see4 ,blessed are they who see with spiritual eyes4 ,this night shines as the day4 ,what countless angels acclaim the death of the life-giving ,mother6 ,how the eloquence of apostles blesses the departure of this body which was the receptacle of ,god4 ,how the ,word of ,god1 who deigned in ,his mercy to become her ,son1 ministering with ,his divine hands to this immaculate and divine being1#cf as ,his mother1 receives her holy soul4 ,o wondrous ,law-giver1 fulfilling the law which ,he had ,himself laid down1 not being bound by it1 for it was ,he who enjoined children to show reverence to their parents4 ',honour thy father and thy mother1' ,he says4 ,the truth of this is apparent to every one1 calling to mind even dimly the words of holy ,scripture4 ,if according to it the souls of the just are in the hands of ,god1 how much more is her soul in the hands of her ,son and her ,god4 ,this is indisputable4 ,let us consider who she is and whence she came1 how she1 the greatest and dearest of all ,god's gifts1 was given to this world4 ,let us examine what her life was1 and the mysteries in which she took part4 ,heathens in the use of funeral orations most carefully brought forward anything which could be turned to praise of the deceased1 and at the same time encourage the living to virtue1 drawing generally upon fable and fiction1 not having fact to go upon4 ,how then1 shall we not deserve scorn if we bury in silence that which is most true and sacred1 and in very deed the source of praise and salvation to all8 ,shall we not receive the same punishment as the man who hid his master's talent8 ,let us adapt our subject to the needs of those who listen1 as food is suited to the body4 ,joachim and ,anne were the parents of ,mary4 ,joachim kept as strict a watch over his thoughts as a shepherd over his flock1 having them entirely under his control4 ,for the ,lord ,god led him as a sheep1 and he wanted for none of the best things4 ,when ,i say best1 let no one think ,i mean what is commonly acceptable to the multitude1 that upon which greedy minds are fixed1 the pleasures of life that can neither endure nor make their possessors better1 nor confer real strength4 ,they follow the downward course of human life and cease all in a moment1 even if they abounded before4 ,far be it from us to cherish these things1 nor is this the portion of those who fear ,god4 ,but the good things which are a matter of desire to those who possess true knowledge1 delighting ,god1 and fruitful to their possessors1 namely1 virtues1 bearing fruit in due season1 that is1 in eternity1 will reward with eternal life those who have laboured worthily and have persevered in their acquisition as far as possible4 ,the labour goes before1 eternal happiness follows4 ,joachim ever shepherded his thoughts4 ,in the place of pastures1 dwelling by contemplation on the words of sacred ,scripture1 made glad on the restful waters of divine grace1 withdrawn from foolishness1 he walked in the path of justice4 ,and ,anne1 whose name means grace1 was no less a companion in her life than a wife1 blessed with all good gifts1 though afflicted for a mystical reason with sterility4 ,grace in very truth remained sterile1 not being able to produce fruit in the souls of men4 ,therefore1 men declined from good and degenerated2 there was not one of understanding nor one who sought after ,god4 ,then ,his divine goodness1 taking pity on the work of ,his hands1 and wishing to save it1 put an end to that mystical barrenness1 that of holy 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b7 ,anne1 ,i mean1 and she gave birth to a child1 whose equal had never been created and never can be4 ,the end of barrenness proved clearly that the world's sterility would cease and that the withered trunk would be crowned with vigorous and mystical life4 ,hence the ,mother of our ,lord is announced4 ,an angel foretells her birth4 ,it was fitting that in this1 too1 she1 who was to be the human ,mother of the one true and living ,god1 should be marked out above every one else4 ,then she was offered in ,god's holy temple1 and remained there1 showing to all a great example of zeal and holiness1 withdrawn from frivolous society4 ,when1 however1 she reached full age and the law required that she should leave the temple1 she was entrusted by the priests to ,joseph1 her bridegroom1 as the guardian of her virginity1 a steadfast observer of the law from his youth4 ,mary1 the holy and undefiled 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fb#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b71 went to ,joseph1 contenting herself with her household matters1 and knowing nothing beyond her four walls4 ,in the fulness of time1 as the divine apostle says1 the angel ,gabriel was sent to this true child of ,god1 and saluted her in the words1 ',hail1 full of grace1 the ,lord is with thee4' ,beautiful is the angel's salutation to her who is greater than an angel4 ,he is the bearer of joy to the whole world4 ,she was troubled at his words1 not being used to speak with men1 for she had resolved to keep her virginity unsullied4 ,she pondered in herself what this greeting might be4 ,then the angel said to her3 ',fear not1 ,mary4 ,thou hast found grace before ,god4' ,in very deed1 she who was worthy of grace had found it4 ,she found grace who had done the deeds of grace1 and had reaped its fulness4 ,she found grace who brought forth the source of grace1 and was a rich harvest of grace4 ,she found an abyss of grace who kept undefiled her double virginity1 her virginal soul no less spotless than her body2 hence her perfect virginity4 ',thou shalt bring forth a ,son1' he said1 'and shalt call ,his name ,jesus' 7,jesus is interpreted ,saviour74 ',he shall save ,his people from their sins4' ,what did she1 who is true wisdom1 reply8 ,she does not imitate our first mother ,eve1 but rather improves upon her incautiousness1 and calling in nature to support her1 thus answers the angel3 ',how is this to be1 since ,i know not man8 ,what you say is impossible1 for it goes beyond the natural laws laid down by the ,creator4 ,i will not be called a second ,eve and disobey the will of my ,god4 ,if you are not speaking godless things1 explain the mystery by saying how it is to be accomplished4' ,then the messenger of truth answered her3 ',the ,holy ,spirit shall come to thee1 and the power of the ,most ,high shall overshadow thee4 ,therefore ,he who is born to thee shall be called the ,son of ,god4' ,that which is foretold is not subservient to the laws of nature4 ,for ,god1 the ,creator of nature1 can alter its laws4 ,and she1 listening in holy reverence to that sacred name1 which she had ever desired1 signified her obedience in words full of humility and joy3 ',behold the handmaid of the ,lord4 ,be it done unto me according to thy word4' ',o the depth of the riches1 of the wisdom1 and of the knowledge of ,god1' ,i will exclaim in the apostle's words4 ',how incomprehensible are ,his judgments1 and how unsearchable ,his ways4' ,o inexhaustible goodness of ,god6 ,o boundless goodness6 ,he who called what was not into being1 and filled heaven and earth1 whose throne is heaven1 and whose footstool is the earth1 a spacious dwelling-place1 made the womb of ,his own servant1 and in it the mystery of mysteries is accomplished 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fd#f ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ae,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd74 ,being ,god ,he becomes man1 and is marvellously brought forth without detriment to the virginity of ,his ,mother4 ,and ,he is lifted up as a baby in earthly arms1 who is the brightness of eternal glory1 the form of the ,father's substance1 by the word of whose mouth all created things exist4 ,o truly divine wonder6 ,o mystery transcending all nature and understanding6 ,o marvellous virginity6 ,what1 ,o holy ,mother and ,virgin1 is this great mystery accomplished in thee8 ,blessed art thou amongst women1 and blessed is the fruit of thy womb4 ,thou art blessed from generation to generation1 thou who alone art worthy of being blessed4 ,behold all generations shall call thee blessed as thou hast said4 ,the daughters of ,jerusalem1 ,i mean1 of the ,church1 saw thee4 ,queens have blessed thee1 that is1 the spirits of the just1 and they shall praise thee for ever4 ,thou art the royal throne which angels surround1 seeing upon it their very ,king and ,lord4 ,thou art a spiritual ,eden1 holier and diviner than ,eden of old4 ,that ,eden was the abode of the mortal ,adam1 whilst the ,lord came from heaven to dwell in thee4 ,the ark foreshadowed thee who hast kept the seed of the new world4 ,thou didst bring forth ,christ1 the salvation of the world1 who destroyed sin and its angry waves4 ,the burning bush was a figure of thee1 and the tablets of the law1 and the ark of the testament4 ,the golden urn and candelabra1 the table and the flowering rod of ,aaron were significant types of thee4 ,from thee arose the splendour of the ,godhead1 the eternal ,word of the ,father1 the most sweet and heavenly ,manna1 the sacred ,name above every name1 the ,light which was from the beginning4 ,the heavenly ,bread of ,life1 the ,fruit without seed1 took flesh of thee4 ,did not that flame foreshadow thee with its burning fire an image of the divine fire within thee8 ,and ,abraham's tent most clearly pointed to thee4 ,by the ,word of ,god dwelling in thee human nature produced the bread made of ashes1 its first fruits1 from thy most pure womb1 the first fruits kneaded into bread and cooked by divine fire1 becoming ,his divine person1 and ,his true substance of a living body quickened by a reasoning and intelligent soul4#cg ,i had nearly forgotten ,jacob's ladder4 ,is it not evident to every one that it prefigured thee1 and is not the type easily recognised8 ,just as ,jacob saw the ladder bringing together heaven and earth1 and on it angels coming down and going up1 and the truly strong and invulnerable ,god wrestling mystically with himself1 so art thou placed between us1 and art become the ladder of ,god's intercourse with us1 of ,him who took upon ,himself our weakness1 uniting us to ,himself1 and enabling man to see ,god4 ,thou hast brought together what was parted4 ,hence angels descended to ,him1 ministering to ,him as their ,god and ,lord1 and men1 adopting the life of angels1 are carried up to heaven4 ,how shall ,i understand the prediction of prophets8 ,shall ,i not refer them to thee1 as we can prove them to be true8 ,what is the fleece of ,david which receives the ,son of the ,almighty ,god1 co-eternal and co-equal with ,his ,father1 as rain falls upon the soil8 ,does it not signify thee in thy bright shining8 ,who is the virgin foretold by ,isaias who should conceive and bear a ,son1 ,god ever present with us1 that is1 who being born a man should remain ,god8 ,what is ,daniel's mountain from which arose ,christ1 the ,corner-,stone1 not made by the hand of man8 ,is it not thee1 conceiving without man and still remaining a virgin8 ,let the inspired ,ezechiel come forth and show us the closed gate1 sealed by the ,lord1 and not yielding1 according to his prophecy--let him point to its fulfilment in thee4 ,the ,lord of all came to thee1 and taking flesh did not open the door of thy virginity4 ,the seal remains intact4 ,the prophets1 then1 foretell thee4 ,angels and apostles minister to thee1 ,o ,mother of ,god1 ever ,virgin1 and ,john the virgin apostle4 ,angels and the spirits of the just1 patriarchs and prophets surround thee to-day in thy departure to thy ,son4 ,apostles watched over the countless host of the just who were gathered together from every corner of the earth by the divine commands1 as a cloud around the divine and living ,jerusalem1 singing hymns of praise to thee1 the author of our ,lord's life-giving body4 ,o how does the source of life pass through death to life8 ,o how can she obey the law of nature1 who1 in conceiving1 surpasses the boundaries of nature8 ,how is her spotless body made subject to death8 ,in order to be clothed with immortality she must first put off mortality1 since the ,lord of nature did not reject the penalty of death4 ,she dies according to the flesh1 destroys death by death1 and through corruption gains incorruption 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,perispomeni ,,and ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fb#g ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,zeta ,u#jc;b#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i71 and makes her death the source of resurrection4 ,o how does ,almighty ,god receive with ,his own hands the holy disembodied soul of our ,lord's ,mother6 ,he honours her truly1 whom being ,his servant by nature1 ,he made ,his ,mother1 in ,his inscrutable abyss of mercy1 when ,he became incarnate in very truth4 ,we may well believe that the angelic choirs waited to receive thy departing soul4 ,o what a blessed departure this going to ,god of thine4 ,if ,god vouchsafes it to all ,his servants--and we know that ,he does--what an immense difference there is between ,his servants and ,his ,mother4 ,what1 then1 shall we call this mystery of thine8 ,death8 ,thy blessed soul is naturally parted from thy blissful and undefiled body1 and the body is delivered to the grave1 yet it does not endure in death1 nor is it the prey of corruption4 ,the body of her1 whose virginity remained unspotted in child-birth1 was preserved in its incorruption1 and was taken to a better1 diviner place1 where death is not1 but eternal life4 ,just as the glorious sun may be hidden momentarily by the opaque moon1 it shows still though covered1 and its rays illumine the darkness since light belongs to its essence4 ,it has in itself a perpetual source of light1 or rather it is the source of light as ,god created it4 ,so art thou the perennial source of true light1 the treasury of life itself1 the richness of grace1 the cause and medium of all our goods4 ,and if for a time thou art hidden by the death of the body1 without speaking1 thou art our light1 life-giving ambrosia1 true happiness1 a sea of grace1 a fountain of healing and of perpetual blessing4 ,thou art as a fruitful tree in the forest1 and thy fruit is sweet in the mouth of the faithful4 ,therefore ,i will not call thy sacred transformation death1 but rest or going home1 and it is more truly a going home4 ,putting off corporeal things1 thou dwellest in a happier state4 ,angels with archangels bear thee up4 ,impure spirits trembled at thy departure4 ,the air raises a hymn of praise at thy passage1 and the atmosphere is purified4 ,heaven receives thy soul with joy4 ,the heavenly powers greet thee with sacred canticles and with joyous praise1 saying3 ',who is this most pure creature ascending1 shining as the dawn1 beautiful as the moon1 conspicuous as the sun8 ,how sweet and lovely thou art1 the lily of the field1 the rose among thorns2 therefore the young maidens loved thee4 ,we are drawn after the odour of thy ointments4 ,the ,king introduced thee into ,his chamber4 ,there ,powers protect thee1 ,principalities praise thee1 ,thrones proclaim thee1 ,cherubim are hushed in joy1 and ,seraphim magnify the true ,mother by nature and by grace of their very ,lord4 ,thou wert not taken into heaven as ,elias was1 nor didst thou penetrate to the third heaven with ,paul1 but thou didst reach the royal throne itself of thy ,son1 seeing it with thy own eyes1 standing by it in joy and unspeakable familiarity4 ,o gladness of angels and of all heavenly powers1 sweetness of patriarchs and of the just1 perpetual exultation of prophets1 rejoicing the world and sanctifying all things1 refreshment of the weary1 comfort of the sorrowful1 remission of sins1 health of the sick1 harbour of the storm-tossed1 lasting strength of mourners1 and perpetual succour of all who invoke thee4' ,o wonder surpassing nature and creating wonder6 ,death1 which of old was feared and hated1 is a matter of praise and blessing4 ,of old it was the harbinger of grief1 dejection1 tears1 and sadness1 and now it is shown forth as the cause of joy and rejoicing4 ,in the case of all ,god's servants1 whose death is extolled1 ,his good pleasure is surmised from their holy end1 and therefore their death is blessed4 ,it shows them to be perfect1 blessed and immoveable in goodness1 as the proverb says3 ',praise no man before his death4' ,this1 however1 we do not apply to thee4 ,thy blessedness was not death1 nor was dying thy perfection1 nor1 again1 did thy departure hence help thee to security4 ,thou art the beginning1 middle1 and end of all goods transcending mind1 for thy ,son in ,his conception and divine dwelling in thee is made our sure and true security4 ,thus thy words were true3 from the moment of ,his conception1 not from thy death1 thou didst say all generations should call thee blessed4 ,it was thou who didst break the force of death1 paying its penalty1 and making it gracious4 ,hence1 when thy holy and sinless body was taken to the tomb1 the choirs of angels bore it1 and were all around1 leaving nothing undone for the honour of our ,lord's ,mother1 whilst apostles and all the assembly of the ,church burst into prophetic song1 saying3 ',we shall be filled with the good things of ,thy house1 holy is ,thy temple1 wonderful in justice4' ,and again3 ',the ,most ,high has sanctified ,his tabernacle4 ,the mountain of ,god is a fertile mountain1 the mountain in which it pleased ,god to dwell4' ,the apostolic band lifting the true ark of the ,lord ,god on their shoulders1 as the priests of old the typical ark1 and placing thy body in the tomb1 made it1 as if another ,jordan1 the way to the true land of the gospel1 the heavenly ,jerusalem1 the mother of all the faithful1 ,god being its ,lord and architect4 ,thy soul did not descend to ,limbo1 neither did thy flesh see corruption4 ,thy pure and spotless body was not left in the earth1 but the abode of the ,queen1 of ,god's true ,mother1 was fixed in the heavenly kingdom alone4 ,o how did heaven receive her who is greater than heaven8 ,how did she1 who had received ,god1 descend into the grave8 ,this truly happened1 and she was held by the tomb4 ,it was not after bodily wise that she surpassed heaven4 ,for how can a body measuring three cubits1 and continually losing flesh1 be compared with the dimensions of heaven8 ,it was rather by grace that she surpassed all height and depth1 for that which is divine is incomparable4 ,o sacred and wonderful1 holy and worshipful body1 ministered to now by angels1 standing by in lowly reverence4 ,demons tremble3 men approach with faith1 honouring and worshipping her1 greeting her with eyes and lips1 and drawing down upon themselves abundant blessings4 ,just as a rich scent sprinkled upon clothes or places1 leaves its fragrance even after it has been withdrawn1 so now that holy1 undefiled1 and divine body1 filled with heavenly fragrance1 the rich source of grace1 is laid in the tomb that it may be translated to a higher and better place4 ,nor did she leave the grave empty2 her body imparted to it a divine fragrance1 a source of healing1 and of all good for those who approach it with faith4 ,we1 too1 approach thee to-day1 ,o ,queen2 and again1 ,i say1 ,o ,queen1 ,o ,virgin ,mother of ,god1 staying our souls with our trust in thee1 as with a strong anchor4 ,lifting up mind1 soul and body1 and all ourselves to thee1 rejoicing in psalms and hymns and spiritual canticles1 we reach through thee ,one who is beyond our reach on account of ,his ,majesty4 ,if1 as the divine ,word made flesh taught us1 honour shown to servants is honour shown to our common ,lord1 how can honour shown to thee1 ,his ,mother1 be slighted8 ,how is it not most desirable8 ,art thou not honoured as the very breath of life8 ,thus shall we best show our service to our ,lord ,himself4 ,what do ,i say to our ,lord8 ,it is sufficient that those who think of ,thee should recall the memory of ,thy most precious gift as the cause of our lasting joy4 ,how it fills us with gladness6 ,how the mind that dwells on this holy treasury of ,thy grace enriches itself4 ,this is our thank-offering to thee1 the first fruits of our discourses1 the best homage of my poor mind1 whilst ,i am moved by desire of thee1 and full of my own misery4 ,but do thou graciously receive my desire1 knowing that it exceeds my power4 ,watch over us1 ,o ,queen1 the dwelling-place of our ,lord4 ,lead and govern all our ways as thou wilt4 ,save us from our sins4 ,lead us into the calm harbour of the divine will4 ,make us worthy of future happiness through the sweet and face-to-face vision of the ,word made flesh through thee4 ,with ,him1 glory1 praise1 power1 and majesty be to the ,father and to the holy and life-giving ,spirit1 now and for ever4 ,amen4 ,,sermon ,,ii4 ,,on ,,the ,,assumption 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b74 ,there is no one in existence who is able to praise worthily the holy death of ,god's ,mother1 even if he should have a thousand tongues and a thousand mouths4 ,not if all the most eloquent tongues could be united would their praises be sufficient4 ,she is greater than all praise4 ,since1 however1 ,god is pleased with the efforts of a loving zeal1 and the ,mother of ,god with what concerns the service of her ,son1 suffer me now to revert again to her praises4 ,this is in obedience to your orders1 most excellent pastors1 so dear to ,god1 and we call upon the ,word made flesh of her to come to our assistance4 ,he gives speech to every mouth which is opened for ,him4 ,he is her sole pleasure and adornment4 ,we know that in celebrating her praises we pay off our debt1 and that in so doing we are again debtors1 so that the debt is ever beginning afresh4 ,it is fitting that we should exalt her who is above all created things1 governing them as ,mother of the ,god who is their ,creator1 ,lord1 and ,master4 ,bear with me you who hang upon the divine words1 and receive my good will4 ,strengthen my desire1 and be patient with the weakness of my words4 ,it is as if a man were to bring a violet of royal purple out of season1 or a fragrant rose with buds of different hues1 or some rich fruit of autumn to a mighty potentate who is divinely appointed to rule over men4 ,every day he sits at a table laden with every conceivable dish in the perfumed courts of his palace4 ,he does not look at the smallness of the offering1 or at its novelty so much as he admires the good intention1 and with reason4 ,this he would reward with an abundance of gifts and favours4 ,so we1 in our winter of poverty1#ch bring garlands to our ,queen1 and prepare a flower of oratory for the feast of praise4 ,we break our mind's stony desire with iron1 pressing1 as it were1 the unripe grapes4 ,and may you receive with more and more favour the words which fall upon your eager and listening ears4 ,what shall we offer the ,mother of the ,word if not our words8 ,like rejoices in like and in what it loves4 ,thus1 then1 making a start and loosening the reins of my discourse1 ,i may send it forth as a charger ready equipped for the race4 ,but do ,thou1 ,o ,word of ,god1 be my helper and auxiliary1 and speak wisdom to my unwisdom4 ,by ,thy word make my path clear1 and direct my course according to ,thy good pleasure1 which is the end of all wisdom and discernment4 ,to-day the holy ,virgin of ,virgins is presented in the heavenly temple4 ,virginity in her was so strong as to be a consuming fire4 ,it is forfeited in every case by child-birth4 ,but she is ever a virgin1 before the event1 in the birth itself1 and afterwards4 ,to-day the sacred and living ark of the living ,god1 who conceived her ,creator ,himself1 takes up her abode in the temple of ,god1 not made by hands4 ,david1 her forefather1#ci rejoices4 ,angels and ,archangels are in jubilation1 ,powers exult1 ,principalities and ,dominations1 ,virtues and ,thrones are in gladness3 ,cherubim and ,seraphim magnify ,god4 ,not the least of their praise is it to refer praise to the ,mother of glory4 ,to-day the holy dove1 the pure and guileless soul1 sanctified by the ,holy ,spirit1 putting off the ark of her body1 the life-giving receptacle of ,our ,lord1 found rest to the soles of her feet1 taking her flight to the spiritual world1 and dwelling securely in the sinless country above4 ,to-day the ,eden of the new ,adam receives the true paradise1 in which sin is remitted and the tree of life grows1 and our nakedness is covered4 ,for we are no longer naked and uncovered1 and unable to bear the splendour of the divine likeness4 ,strengthened with the abundant grace of the ,spirit1 we shall no longer betray our nakedness in the words3 ',i have put off my garment1 how shall ,i put it on8' ,the serpent1 by whose deceitful promise we were likened to brute beasts1 did not enter into this paradise4 ,he1 the only begotten ,son of ,god1 ,god himself1 of the same substance as the ,father1 took ,his human nature of the pure ,virgin4 ,being constituted a man1 ,he made mortality immortal1 and was clothed as a man4 ,putting aside corruption1 ,he was indued with the incorruptibility of the ,godhead4 ,to-day the spotless ,virgin1 untouched by earthly affections1 and all heavenly in her thoughts1 was not dissolved in earth1 but truly entering heaven1 dwells in the heavenly tabernacles4 ,who would be wrong to call her heaven1 unless indeed he truly said that she is greater than heaven in surpassing dignity8 ,the ,lord and ,creator of heaven1 the ,architect of all things beneath the earth and above1 of creation1 visible and invisible1 ,who is not circumvented by place 7if that which surrounds things is rightly termed place71 created ,himself1 without human co-operation1 an ,infant in her4 ,he made her a rich treasure-house of ,his all-pervading and alone uncircumscribed ,godhead1 subsisting entirely in her without passion1 remaining entire in ,his universality and ,himself uncircumscribed4 ,to-day the life-giving treasury and abyss of charity 7,i know not how to trust my lips to speak of it7 is hidden in immortal death4 ,she meets it without fear1 who conceived death's destroyer1 if indeed we may call her holy and vivifying departure by the name of death4 ,for how could she1 who brought life to all1 be under the dominion of death8 ,but she obeys the law of her own ,son1 and inherits this chastisement as a daughter of the first ,adam1 since her ,son1 who is the life1 did not refuse it4 ,as the ,mother of the living ,god1 she goes through death to ,him4 ,for if ,god said3 ',unless the first man put out his hand to take and taste of the tree of life1 he shall live for ever1' how shall she1 who received the ,life ,himself1 without beginning or end1 or finite vicissitudes1 not live for ever4 ,of old the ,lord ,god banished from the garden of ,eden our first parents after their disobedience1 when they had dulled the eye of their heart through their sin1 and weakened their mind's discernment1 and had fallen into death-like apathy4 ,but1 now1 shall not paradise receive her1 who broke the bondage of all passion1 sowed the seed of obedience to ,god and the ,father1 and was the beginning of life to the whole human race8 ,will not heaven open its gates to her with rejoicing8 ,yes1 indeed4 ,eve listened to the serpent1 adopted his suggestion1 was caught by the lure of false and deceptive pleasure1 and was condemned to pain and sorrow1 and to bear children in suffering4 ,with ,adam she received the sentence of death1 and was placed in the recesses of ,limbo4 ,how can death claim as its prey this truly blessed one1 who listened to ,god's word in humility1 and was filled with the ,spirit1 conceiving the ,father's gift through the archangel1 bearing without concupiscence or the co-operation of man the ,person of the ,divine ,word1 who fills all things1 bringing ,him forth without the pains of childbirth1 being wholly united to ,god8 ,how could ,limbo open its gates to her8 ,how could corruption touch the life-giving body8 ,these are things quite foreign to the soul and body of ,god's ,mother4 ,death trembled before her4 ,in approaching her ,son1 death had learnt experience from ,his sufferings1 and had grown wiser4 ,the gloomy descent to hell was not for her1 but a joyous1 easy1 and sweet passage to heaven4 ,if1 as ,christ1 the ,life and the ,truth says3 ',wherever ,i am1 there is also my minister1' how much more shall not ,his mother be with ,him8 ,she brought ,him forth without pain1 and her death1 also1 was painless4 ,the death of sinners is terrible1 for in it1 sin1 the cause of death1 is sacrificed4 ,what shall we say of her if not that she is the beginning of perpetual life4 ,precious indeed is the death of ,his saints to the ,lord ,god of powers4 ,more than precious is the passing away of ,god's ,mother4 ,now let the heavens and the angels rejoice3 let the earth and men be full of gladness4 ,let the air resound with song and canticle1 and dark night put off its gloom1 and emulate the brightness of day through the scintillating stars4 ,the living city of the ,lord ,god is assumed from ,god's temple1 the visible ,sion1 and kings bring forth ,his most precious gift1 their mother1 to the heavenly ,jerusalem1--that is to say1 the apostles constituted princes by ,christ1 over all the earth1 accompany the ever virginal ,mother of ,god4 ,it seems to me not superfluous to bring forward and insist on the past types of this holy one1 the ,mother of ,god4 ,these types succinctly announced the ,divine ,child whom we have received4 ,i look upon ,his ,mother as the saint of saints1 the holiest of all1 the fragrant urn for the manna1 or rather1 to speak more truly1 the fountain taking its rise in the divine and far-famed city of ,david1 in ,sion the glorious2 in it the law is fulfilled and the spiritual law is portrayed4 ,in ,sion1 ,christ the ,law-giver consummated the typical pasch1 and ,god1 the ,author of the old and the new dispensation1 gave us the true pasch4 ,in it the ,lamb of ,god1 who takes away the sins of the world1 initiated ,his disciples unto ,his mystical feast1 and gave them ,himself slain as a victim1 and the grape pressed in the true vine4 ,in ,sion1 ,christ is seen by ,his apostles1 risen from the dead1 and ,thomas is told1 and through ,thomas the world1 that ,he is ,lord and ,god1 having in ,himself two natures after ,his resurrection1 and consequently two operations1 independent wills1 enduring for all ages4 ,sion is the crown of churches1 the resting-place of disciples4 ,in it the echo of the ,holy ,spirit1 the gift of tongues1 ,his fiery descent are transmitted to the apostles4 ,in it ,st ,john1 taking the ,mother of ,god1 ministered to her wants4 ,sion is the mother of churches in the whole world1 who offered a resting-place to the ,mother of ,god after her ,son's resurrection from the dead4 ,in it1 lastly1 the ,blessed ,virgin was stretched on a small bed4 ,when ,i had reached this point of my discourse1 ,i was obliged to give vent to my own feelings1 and burning with loving desire1 to shed reverent yet joyful tears1 embracing1 as it were1 the bed so happy and blest and wondrous1 which received the life-giving tabernacle and rejoiced in the contact of holiness4 ,i seemed to take into my arms that holy and sacred body itself1 worthy of ,god1 and pressing my eyes1 lips1 and forehead1 head1 and cheeks to hers1 ,i felt as if she was really there1 though ,i was unable to see with my eyes what ,i desired4 ,how1 then1 was she assumed to the heavenly courts8 ,in this way4 ,what were the honours then conferred upon her by ,god who commands us to honour our parents8 ,the cloud which enclosed ,jerusalem as with a net1 by the divine commands1 brought together eagles from the ends of the earth1 those who are spread over the world1 fishing for men in the various and numerous tongues of the spirit4 ,by the net of the word they are saving men from the abyss of doubt and bringing them to the spiritual and heavenly table of the sacred and mystical banquet1 the perfect marriage feast of the ,divine ,bridegroom1 which the ,father celebrates with ,his ,son1 who is equal to ,himself and of the same nature4 ',where the spirit is1' says ,christ the ,truth1 'there shall the eagles be gathered together4' ,if we have already spoken concerning the second great and splendid coming of ,him who spoke these words1 it will not be out of place here by way of condiment4 ,eye-witnesses1 then1 and ministers of the word were there1 duly ministering to ,his ,mother1 and drawing from her a rich inheritance1 as it were1 and a full measure of praise4 ,for is it a matter of doubt to any one that she is the source of blessing and the fountain of all good8 ,their followers and successors also were there1 joining in their ministry and in their praise4 ,a common labour produces common fruits4 ,a chosen band from ,jerusalem were there4 ,it was fitting that the foremost men and prophets of the old law1 they who had foretold ,god the ,word's saving birth of her in time1 should be there as a guard of honour4 ,nor did the angelic choirs fail4 ,they who obeyed the king heartily 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd71 and consequently were honoured by standing near ,him1 had the right to serve as a body-guard to ,his ,mother1 according to the flesh1 the truly blessed and blissful one1 surpassing all generations and all creation4 ,all those were with her who are the brightness and the shining of the spirit1 with spiritual eyes fixed upon her in reverence1 and fear1 and pure desire4 ,we hear divine and inspired words1 and spiritual canticles appropriate to the parting hour4 ,on this account it was meet to praise ,his boundless goodness1 ,his immeasurable greatness1 ,his omnipotence1 the generosity surpassing all measure in ,his dealings with us1 the overflowing riches of ,his mercy1 the abyss of ,his tenderness2 how1 putting aside ,his greatness1 ,he descended to our littleness with the co-operation of the ,father and the ,holy ,spirit4 ,again1 the supersubstantial ,one is supersubstantially created in the virginal womb4 ,being ,god ,he became man1 and remains according to this union perfect ,god and perfect man1 not giving up the substance of ,his ,godhead nor ceasing to be of the same flesh and blood as we are4 ,he1 who fills all things and governs the universe with one word1 took up ,his abode in a narrow place1 and the material body of this blessed one received the burning fire of the ,godhead1 and as genuine gold it remained intact4 ,this has taken place because ,god willed it1 since ,his good pleasure makes things possible which could not happen without it4 ,then followed a strife of praise1 not as if each was seeking to outdo the other--for this is vainglorious and far from pleasing to ,god--but as if they would leave nothing undone for the glory of ,god and the honour of ,god's ,mother4 ,then ,adam and ,eve1 our first parents1 opened their lips to exclaim1 ',thou blessed daughter of ours1 who hast removed the penalty of our disobedience6 ,thou1 inheriting from us a mortal body1 hast won us immortality4 ,thou1 taking thy being from us1 hast given us back the being in grace4 ,thou hast conquered pain and loosened the bondage of death4 ,thou hast restored us to our former state4 ,we had shut the door of paradise2 thou didst find entrance to the tree of life4 ,through us sorrow came out of good2 through thee good from sorrow4 ,how canst thou who art all fair taste of death8 ,thou art the gate of life and the ladder to heaven4 ,death is become the passage to immortality4 ,o thou truly blessed one6 who that is not the ,word could have borne what thou hast borne8'#dj ,all the company of the saints exclaimed1 ',thou hast fulfilled our predictions4 ,thou hast purchased our present joy for us4 ,through thee we have broken the chains of death4 ,come to us1 divine and life-giving receptacle4 ,come1 our desire1 thou who hast gained us our desire4' ,and the saints standing by added their no less burning words3 ',remain with us1 our comfort1 our sole joy in this world4 ,o ,mother leave us not orphans who have suffered on thy ,son's account4 ,may we have thee as a refuge and refreshment in our labours and weariness4 ,thou canst remain if thou so willest1 even as thou canst depart hence4 ,if thou departest1 ,o dwelling-place of ,god1 let us go too1 if we are thine through thy ,son4 ,thou art our sole consolation on earth4 ,we live as long as thou livest1 and it is bliss to die with thee4 ,why do we speak of death8 ,death is life to thee1 and better than life--incomparably exceeding this life4 ,how is our life--life1 if we are deprived of thee8' ,the apostles and all the assembly of the ,church may well have addressed some such words to the blessed ,virgin4 ,when they saw the ,mother of ,god near her end and longing for it1 they were moved by divine grace to sing farewell hymns1 and wrapt out of the flesh1 they sighed to accompany the dying ,mother of ,god1 and anticipated death through intensity of will4 ,when they had all satisfied their duty of loving reverence and had woven her a rich crown of hymns1 they spoke a parting blessing over her1 as a ,god-given treasure1 and the last words4 ,these1 ,i should think1 were significant of this life's fleetingness1 and of its leading to the hidden mysteries of future goods4 ,this1 it appears to me1 is what they did at once and unanimously4 ,the ,king was there to receive with divine embrace#da the holy1 undefiled1 and stainless soul of ,his ,mother on her going home4 ,and she1 as we may well conjecture1 said1 ',into ,thy hands1 ,o my ,son1 ,i commend my spirit4 ,receive my soul1 dear to ,thee1 which ,thou didst keep spotless4 ,i give my body to ,thee1 not to the earth4 ,guard that which ,thou wert pleased to inhabit and to preserve in virginity4 ,take me to ,thyself1 that wherever ,thou art1 the fruit of my womb1 there ,i too may be4 ,i am impelled to ,thee who didst descend to me4 ,do ,thou be the consolation of my most cherished children1 whom ,thou didst vouchsafe to call ,thy brethren1 when my death leaves them in loneliness4 ,bless them afresh through my hands4' ,then stretching out her hands1 as we may believe1 she blessed all those present1 and then she heard the words3 ',come1 my beloved ,mother1 to thy rest4 ,arise and come1 most dear amongst women1 the winter is past and gone1 the harvest time is at hand4#db ,thou art fair1 my beloved1 and there is no stain in thee4 ,thy fragrance is sweeter than all ointments4' ,with these words in her ear1 that holy one gave up her spirit into the hands of her ,son4 ,what happens8 ,nature1 ,i conjecture1 is stirred to its depths1 strange sounds and voices are heard1 and the swelling hymns of angels who precede1 accompany1 and follow her4 ,some constitute the guard of honour to that undefiled and immaculate 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fb#c7 soul on its way to heaven until the queen reaches the divine throne4 ,others surrounding the sacred and divine body proclaim ,god's ,mother in angelic harmony4 ,what of those who watched by the most holy and immaculate 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;ff#c7 body8 ,in loving reverence and with tears of joy they gathered round the blessed and divine tabernacle1 embracing every member1 and were filled with holiness and thanksgiving4 ,then illnesses were cured1 and demons were put to flight and banished to the regions of darkness4 ,the air and atmosphere and heavens were sanctified by her passage through them1 the earth by the burial of her body4 ,nor was water deprived of a blessing4 ,she was washed in pure water4 ,it did not cleanse her1 but was rather itself sanctified4 ,then1 hearing was given to the deaf1 the lame recovered their feet1 and the blind their sight4 ,sinners who approached with faith blotted out the handwriting against them4 ,then the holy body is wrapped in a snow-white winding-sheet1 and the queen is again laid upon her bed4 ,then follow lights and incense and hymns1 and angels singing as befits the solemnity2 apostles and patriarchs acclaiming her in inspired song4 ,when the ,ark of ,god1 departing from ,mount ,sion for the heavenly country1 was borne on the shoulders of the ,apostles1 it was placed on the way in the tomb4 ,first it was taken through the city1 as a bride dazzling with spiritual radiance1 and then carried to the sacred place of ,gethsemane1 angels overshadowing it with their wings1 going before1 accompanying1 and following it1 together with the whole assembly of the ,church4 ,king ,solomon compelled all the elders of ,israel in ,sion to bear the ark of the covenant of the ,lord from the city of ,david1 that is ,sion1 to rest in the temple of the ,lord1 which he had built1 and the priests took the ark and the tabernacle of the testimony1 and the priests and levites raised it4 ,and the king and all the people sacrificed numberless oxen and sheep before the ark4 ,and the priests carried in the ark of the testimony of ,god into its place1 into the ,holy of ,holies1 beneath the wings of the cherubim4 ,so is it now with the dwelling-place of the true ark1 no longer of the testimony1 but the very substance of ,god the ,word4 ,the new ,solomon1 the ,prince of peace1 the ,creator of all things in the heavens and on the earth1 assembled together to-day the supporters of the new covenant1 that is the ,apostles1 with all the people of the saints in ,jerusalem1 brought in her soul through angels to the true ,holy of ,holies1 under the wings of the four living creatures1 and set her on ,his throne within the veil1 where ,christ ,himself had preceded her4 ,her body the while is borne by the ,apostles' hands1 the ,king of ,kings covering her with the splendour of ,his invisible ,godhead1 the whole assembly of the saints preceding her1 with sacred song and sacrifice of praise until through the tomb it was placed in the delights of ,eden1 the heavenly tabernacles4 ,perchance1 ,jews also were there1 if any1 not too reprobate were to be found4 ,it will not be beside the mark to mention here a thing that is asserted by many4 ,it is said that when those1 who were carrying the blessed body of ,god's ,mother1 had reached the descent of the opposite mountains1 a certain ,jew1 the slave of sin1 and pledged by his folly1 imitated the servant of ,caiphas1 who struck the divine ,face of ,christ our ,lord and ,master1 and made himself the devil's instrument4 ,full of wicked passion and malice1 he rushed at that most divine tabernacle1 which angels approached with fear1 and impiously dragged the bier with both his hands to the ground4 ,this was prompted by the envy of the arch enemy1 but his labours were in vain1 and he reaped a severe and fitting reminder of his deed4 ,it is said that he lost the use of his hands1 which had perpetrated his malicious deed1 until faith moved him to repentance4 ,the bearers were standing near4 ,the wretched man placed his hands on the wondrous and life-giving tabernacle1 and they again became sound4 ,circumstances had made him wise1 as often happens4 ,but let us return to our subject4 ,then they reached the most sacred ,gethsemane1 and once more there were embracings and prayers and panegyrics1 hymns and tears1 poured forth by sorrowful and loving hearts4 ,they mingled a flood of weeping and sweating4#dc ,and thus the immaculate 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd7 body was laid in the tomb4 ,then it was assumed after three days to the heavenly mansions4 ,the bosom of the earth was no fitting receptacle for the ,lord's dwelling-place1 the living source of cleansing water1 the corn of heavenly bread1 the sacred vine of divine wine1 the evergreen and fruitful olive-branch of ,god's mercy4 ,and just as the all holy body of ,god's ,son1 which was taken from her1 rose from the dead on the third day1 it followed that she should be snatched from the tomb1 that the mother should be united to her ,son2 and as ,he had come down to her1 so she should be raised up to ,him1 into the more perfect dwelling-place1 heaven itself4 ,it was meet that she1 who had sheltered ,god the ,word in her own womb1 should inhabit the tabernacles of her ,son4 ,and as our ,lord said it behoved ,him to be concerned with ,his ,father's business1 so it behoved ,his mother that she should dwell in the courts of her ,son1 in the house of the ,lord1 and in the courts of the house of our ,god4 ,if all those who rejoice dwell in ,him1 where must the cause itself of joy abide8 ,it was fitting that the body of her1 who preserved her virginity unsullied in her motherhood1 should be kept from corruption even after death4 ,she who nursed her ,creator as an infant at her breast1 had a right to be in the divine tabernacles4 ,the place of the bride whom the ,father had espoused1 was in the heavenly courts4 ,it was fitting that she who saw her ,son die on the cross1 and received in her heart the sword of pain which she had not felt in childbirth1 should gaze upon ,him seated next to the ,father4 ,the ,mother of ,god had a right to the possession of her ,son1 and as handmaid and ,mother of ,god to the worship of all creation4 ,the inheritance of the parents ever passes to the children4 ,now1 as a wise man said1 the sources of sacred waters are above4 ,the ,son made all creation serve ,his ,mother4 ,let us then also keep solemn feast to-day to honour the joyful departure of ,god's ,mother1 not with flutes nor corybants1 nor the orgies of ,cybele1 the mother of false gods1 as they say1 whom foolish people talk of as a fruitful mother of children1 and truth as no mother at all4 ,these are demons and false imaginings4 ,they usurp what they are not by nature to impose upon human folly4 ,for how can what is bodiless lead the wedded life8#dd ,how can that be god which1 not being before1 is present only after birth8 ,that devils were bodiless is apparent to all1 even to those who are intellectually blind4 ,homer somewhere testifies to the condition of the gods he honours3 ,they eat not barley1 and drink not ruddy wine1 ,so they are bloodless and are called immortal4 ,they eat not bread1 he says1 neither do they drink fiery wine4 ,on this account they are anaemic1 that is1 without blood1 and are called immortals4 ,he truly and appropriately says1 'are called4' ,they are called immortals4 ,they are not that which they are called4 ,they died the death of wickedness4 ,now we worship ,god1 not ,god beginning ,his being1 but who always was and is above all cause and argument or created mind or nature4 ,we honour and reverence the ,mother of ,god1 not ascribing to her the eternal generation of ,his ,godhead4 ,for the generation of ,god the ,word was not in time1 and was co-eternal with the ,father4 ,we acknowledge a second generation in ,his spontaneous taking flesh1 and we see and know the cause of this4 ,he who is without beginning and without body takes flesh for us as one of ourselves4 ,and taking flesh of this sacred ,virgin1 ,he is born without man1 remaining ,himself perfect ,god1 and becoming perfect man1 perfect ,god in ,his flesh1 and perfect ,man in ,his ,godhead4 ,thus1 recognising ,god's ,mother in this ,virgin1 we celebrate her falling asleep1 not proclaiming her as ,god--far be from us these heathen fables--since we are announcing her death1 but recognising her as the ,mother of the ,incarnate ,god4 ,o people of ,christ1 let us acclaim her to-day in sacred song1 acknowledge our own good fortune and proclaim it4 ,let us honour her in nocturnal vigil2 let us delight in her purity of soul and body1 for she next to ,god surpasses all in purity4 ,it is natural for similar things to glory in each other4 ,let us show our love for her by compassion and kindness towards the poor4 ,for if mercy is the best worship of ,god1 who will refuse to show ,his ,mother devotion in the same way8 ,she opened to us the unspeakable abyss of ,god's love for us4 ,through her the old enmity against the ,creator is destroyed4 ,through her our reconciliation with ,him is strengthened1 peace and grace are given to us1 men are the companions of angels1 and we1 who were in dishonour1 are made the children of ,god4 ,from her we have plucked the fruit of life4 ,from her we have received the seed of immortality4 ,she is the channel of all our goods4 ,in her ,god was man and man was ,god4 ,what more marvellous or more blessed8 ,i approach the subject in fear and trembling4 ,with ,mary1 the prophetess1 ,o youthful souls1 let us sound our musical instruments1 mortifying our members on earth1 for this is spiritual music4 ,let our souls rejoice in the ,ark of ,god1 and the walls of ,jericho will yield1 ,i mean the fortresses of the enemy4 ,let us dance in spirit with ,david2 to-day the ,ark of ,god is at rest4 ,with ,gabriel1 the great archangel1 let us exclaim1 ',hail1 full of grace1 the ,lord is with thee4 ,hail1 inexhaustible ocean of grace4 ,hail1 sole refuge in grief4 ,hail1 cure of hearts4 ,hail1 through whom death is expelled and life is installed4' ,and you ,i will speak to as if living1 most sacred of tombs1 after the life-giving tomb of our ,lord1 which is the source of the resurrection4 ,where is the pure gold which apostolic hands confided to you8 ,where is the inexhaustible treasure8 ,where the precious receptacle of ,god8 ,where is the living table8 ,where the new book in which the incomprehensible ,word of ,god is written without hands8 ,where is the abyss of grace and the ocean of healing8 ,where is the life-giving fountain8 ,where is the sweet and loved body of ,god's ,mother8 ,why#de do you seek in the tomb one who has been assumed to the heavenly courts8 ,why do you make me responsible for not keeping her8 ,i was powerless to go against the divine commands4 ,that sacred and holy body1 leaving the winding-sheet behind1 filled me full of sweet fragrance1 sanctified me by its contact1 and fulfilled the divine scheme1 and was then assumed1 angels and archangels and all the heavenly powers escorting it4 ,now angels surround me1 and divine grace abounds in me4 ,i am the physician of the sick4 ,i am a perpetual source of health1 and the terror of demons4 ,i am a city of refuge for fugitives4 ,approach with faith and you will receive a sea of graces4 ,come1 you of weak faith4 ,all you that thirst1 come to the waters in obedience to ,isaias' commands1 and you who have no money1 come and buy for nothing4 ,i call upon all with the ,gospel invitation4 ,let him who longs for bodily or spiritual cure1 forgiveness of sins1 deliverance from misfortune1 the possession of heaven1 approach me with faith1 and draw hence a strong and rich stream of grace4 ,just as the action of one and the same water acts differently on the earth1 air1 and sun1 according to the nature of each1 producing wine in the vine and oil in the olive-tree1 so does one and the same grace profit each person according to his needs4 ,i do not possess grace on my own account4 ,a tomb given up to corruption1 an object of sorrow and dejection1 ,i receive a precious ointment1 and am impregnated with it1 and this sweet fragrance alters my condition whilst it lasts4 ,truly1 divine graces flow where they will4 ,i have sheltered the source of joy1 and ,i have become rich in its perennial fountain4#df ,what shall we answer the tomb8 ,you have indeed rich and abiding grace1 but divine power is not restricted by place1 neither is the ,mother of ,god's working4 ,if it were confined to the tomb alone1 few would be the richer4 ,now it is freely distributed in all parts of the world4 ,let us then make our memory serve as a storehouse of ,god's ,mother4 ,how shall this be8 ,she is a virgin and a lover of virginity4 ,she is pure and a lover of purity4 ,if we purify our mind with the body1 we shall possess her grace4 ,she shuns all impurity and impure passions4 ,she has a horror of intemperance1 and a special hatred for fornication4 ,she turns from its allurements as from the progeny of serpents 444 ,she looks upon all sin as death-inflicting1 rejoicing in all good4 ,contraries are cured by contraries4 ,she delights in fasting and continence and spiritual canticles1 in purity1 virginity1 and wisdom4 ,with these she is ever at peace1 and takes them to her heart4 ,she embraces peace and a meek spirit1 and love1 mercy1 and humility as her children4 ,in a word1 she grieves over every sin1 and is glad at all goodness as if it were her own4 ,if we turn away from our former sins in all earnestness and love goodness with all our hearts1 and make it our constant companion1 she will frequently visit her servants1 bringing all blessings with her1 ,christ her ,son1 the ,king and ,lord who reigns in our hearts4 ,to ,him be glory1 praise1 honour1 power1 and magnificence1 with the eternal ,father and the ,holy ,spirit1 now and for ever4 ,,sermon ,,iii4 ,,on ,,the ,,assumption 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b74 ,lovers are wont to speak of what they love1 and to let their fancy run on it by day and night4 ,let no one therefore blame me1 if ,i add a third tribute to the ,mother of ,god1 on her triumphant departure4 ,i am not profiting her1 but myself and you who are here present1 putting before you a spiritual seasoning and refreshment in keeping with this holy night4 ,we are suffering1 as you see1 from scarcity of eatables4 ,therefore ,i am extemporising a repast1 which1 if not very costly nor worthy of the occasion1 will certainly be sufficient to still hunger4 ,she does not need our praise4 ,it is we who need her glory4 ,how indeed can glory be glorified1 or the source of light be enlightened8 ,we are weaving a crown for ourselves in the doing4 ',i live1' the ,lord says1 'and ,i will glorify those who glorify ,me4' ,wine is truly pleasant to drink1 and bread to eat4 ,the one rejoices1 the other strengthens the heart of man4 ,but what is sweeter than the ,mother of my ,god8 ,she has taken my mind captive1 and held my tongue in bondage4 ,i think of her by day and night4 ,she1 the ,mother of the ,word1 supplies my words4 ,the fruit of sterility makes sterile minds fruitful4 ,we keep to-day the feast of her blessed and divine transit from this world4 ,let us then climb up the mystical mountain1 where beyond the reach of worldly things1 passing through the obscurity of storm1 we stand in the divine light and may give praise to ,almighty power4 ,how does ,he1 who dwells in the splendour of ,his glory1 descend into the ,virgin's womb without leaving the bosom of the ,father8 ,how is ,he conceived in the flesh1 and does ,he spontaneously suffer1 and suffer unto death1 in that material body1 gaining immortality through corruptibility8 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,perispomeni ,,and ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fb#g ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#jd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd74 ,and1 again1 ascending to the ,father1 ,he drew ,his ,mother1 according to the flesh1 to ,his own ,father1 assuming into the heavenly country her who was heaven on earth4 ,to-day the living ladder1 through whom the ,most ,high descended and was seen on earth1 and conversed with men1 was assumed into heaven by death4 ,to-day the heavenly table1 she1 who contained the bread of life1 the fire of the ,godhead1 without knowing man1 was assumed from earth to heaven1 and the gates of heaven opened wide to receive the gate of ,god from the ,east4 ,to-day the living city of ,god is transferred from the earthly to the heavenly ,jerusalem1 and she1 who1 conceived her first-born and only ,son1 the first-born of all creation1 the only begotten of the ,father1 rests in the ,church of the first-born3 the true and living ,ark of the ,lord is taken to the peace of her ,son4 ,the gates of heaven are opened to receive the receptacle of ,god1 who1 bringing forth the tree of life1 destroyed ,eve's disobedience and ,adam's penalty of death4 ,and ,christ1 the cause of all life1 receives the chosen mirror1 the mountain from which the stone without hands filled the whole earth4 ,she1 who brought about the ,word's divine ,incarnation1 rests in her glorious tomb as in a bridal-chamber1 whence she goes to the heavenly bridals1 to share in the kingdom of her ,son and ,god1 leaving her tomb as a place of rest for those on earth4 ,is her tomb indeed a resting-place8 ,yes1 more famous than any other1 not shining with gold1 or silver1 or precious stones1 nor covered with silken1 golden1 or purple adornments1 but with the divine radiance of the ,holy ,spirit4 ,the angelic state is not for lovers of this world1 but the wondrous life of the blessed is for the servants of the ,spirit1 and passing to ,god is better and sweeter than any other life4 ,this tomb is fairer than ,eden4 ,and that ,i may not speak of the enemy's deceit1 in the one2 of his1 so to say1 clever counsel1 his envy and covetousness1 of ,eve's weakness and pliability1 the bait1 sure and tempting1 which cheated her and her husband1 their disobedience1 exile1 and death1 not to speak of these things so as not to turn our feast into sorrow1 this grave gave up the mortal body it contained to the heavenly country4 ,eve became the mother of the human family1 and is not man made after the divine image1 convicted by her condemnation2 'earth thou art1 and unto earth thou shalt return4' ,this tomb is more precious than the tabernacle of old1 receiving the real and life-giving receptacle of the ,lord1 the heavenly table1 not the loaves of proposition1 but of heaven1 not material fire1 but her who contained the pure fire of the ,godhead4 ,this tomb is holier than the ark of ,moses1 blessed not with types and shadows1 but the truth itself4 ,it showed forth the pure and golden urn1 containing the heavenly manna1 the living tablet1 receiving the ,incarnate ,word of ,god from the impress of the ,holy ,spirit1 the golden censer of the supersubstantial word4 ,it showed forth her who conceived the divine fire embalming all creation4 ,let demons take to flight1 and the thrice miserable ,nestorians perish as the ,egyptians of old1 and their ruler ,pharao1 the younger1 a cruel devastator4 ,they were swallowed up in the abyss of blasphemy4 ,let us who are saved with dry feet1 crossing the bitter waters of impiety1 raise our voices to the ,mother of ,god at her departure4 ,let ,mary1 personifying the ,church1 lead the joyful strain4 ,let the maidens of the spiritual ,jerusalem go out in singing choirs4 ,let kings and judges1 with rulers1 youths1 and virgins1 young and old1 proclaim the ,mother of ,god1 and all peoples and nations in their different ways and tongues1 sing a new canticle4 ,let the air resound with praise and instrument1 and the sun gladden this day of salvation4 ,rejoice1 ,o heavens1 and may the clouds rain justice4 ,be glad1 ,o divine apostles1 the chosen ones of ,god's flock1 who seem to reach the highest visions1 as lofty mountain tops4 ,and you ,god's sheep1 and ,his holy people1 the flock of the ,church1 who look to the high mountains of perfection1 be sad1 for the fountain of life1 ,god's ,mother1 is dead4 ,it was necessary that what was made of earth should return to earth1 and thus be assumed to heaven4 ,it was fitting that the earthly tenement should be cast off1 as gold is purified1 so that the flesh in death might become pure and immortal1 and rise in shining immortality from the tomb4 ,to-day she begins her second life through ,him who was the cause of her first being4 ,she gave a beginning1 ,i mean1 the life of the body1 to ,him who had no beginning in time1 although the ,father was the cause of ,his divine existence4 ,rejoice holy and divine ,mount ,sion1 in which reposes the living divine mountain1 the new ,bethel1 with its grace1 human nature united with the ,godhead4 ,from thee her ,son ascended to heaven as from the olives4 ,let the world-embracing cloud be prepared and the winds gather the apostles to ,mount ,sion from the ends of the earth4 ,who are these who soar up as clouds and eagles to the cause of all resurrection1 ministering to the ,mother of ,god8 ,who is she who rises resplendent1 all pure1 and bright as the sun8 ,let the spiritual lyres sing to her1 the apostolic tongues4 ,let grave theologians raise their voices in praise1 ,hierotheus1 the vessel of election1 in whom the ,holy ,spirit abides1 knowing and teaching divine things by the divine indwelling4 ,let him be wrapt out of the body and join willingly in the joyful hymn4 ,let all nations clap their hands and praise the ,mother of ,god4 ,let angels minister to her body4 ,follow your ,queen1 ,o daughters of ,jerusalem1 and1 together with her virgins in the spirit1 approach your ,bridegroom in order to sit at ,his right hand4 ,make haste1 ,lord1 to give ,thy ,mother the welcome which is her due4 ,stretch out ,thy divine hands4 ,receive ,thy ,mother's soul into the ,father's hands unto which ,thou didst commend ,thy spirit on the ,cross4 ,speak sweet words to her3 ',come1 my beloved1 whose purity is more dazzling than the sun1 thou gavest me of thy own1 receive now what is mine4 ,come1 my ,mother1 to thy ,son1 reign with ,him who was poor with thee4' ,depart1 ,o ,queen1 depart1 not as ,moses did who went up to die4 ,die rather that thou mayest ascend4 ,give up thy soul into the hands of thy ,son4 ,return earth to the earth1 it will be no obstacle4 ,lift up your eyes1 ,o people of ,god4 ,see in ,sion the ,ark of the ,lord ,god of powers1 and the apostles standing by it1 burying the life-giving body which received our ,lord4 ,invisible angels are all around in lowly reverence doing homage to the ,mother of their ,lord4 ,the ,lord ,himself is there1 who is present everywhere1 and filling all things1 the universal ,being1 not in place4 ,he is the ,author and ,creator of all things4 ,behold the ,virgin1 the daughter of ,adam and ,mother of ,god2 through ,adam she gives her body to the earth1 her soul to her ,son above in the heavenly courts4 ,let the holy city be sanctified1 and rejoice in eternal praise4 ,let angels precede the divine tabernacle on its passage1 and prepare the tomb4 ,let the radiance of the spirit adorn it4 ,let sweet ointment be made ready and poured over the pure and undefiled body4 ,let a clear stream of grace flow from grace in its source4 ,let the earth be sanctified by contact with that body4 ,let the air rejoice at the ,assumption4 ,let gentle breezes waft grace4 ,let all nature keep the feast of the ,mother of ,god's ,assumption4 ,may youthful bands applaud and eloquent tongues acclaim her1 and wise hearts ponder on the wonder1 priests hoary with age gather strength at the sight4 ,let all creation emulate heaven1 even so the true measure of rejoicing would not be reached4 ,come1 let us depart with her4 ,come1 let us descend to that tomb with all our heart's desire4 ,let us draw round that most sacred bed and sing the sweet words1 ',hail1 full of grace1 the ,lord is with thee4 ,hail1 predestined ,mother of ,god4 ,hail1 thou chosen one in the design of ,god from all eternity1 most sacred hope of earth1 resting-place of divine fire1 holiest delight of the ,spirit1 fountain of living water1 paradise of the tree of life1 divine vine-branch1 bringing forth soul-sustaining nectar and ambrosia4 ,full river of spiritual graces1 fertile land of the divine pastures1 rose of purity1 with the sweet fragrance of grace1 lily of the royal robe1 pure ,mother of the ,lamb of ,god who takes away the sins of the world1 token of our redemption1 handmaid and ,mother1 surpassing angelic powers4' ,come1 let us stand round that pure tomb and draw grace to our hearts4 ,let us raise the ever-virginal body with spiritual arms1 and go with her into the grave to die with her4 ,let us renounce our passions1 and live with her in purity1 listening to the divine canticles of angels in the heavenly courts4 ,let us go in adoring1 and learn the wondrous mystery by which she is assumed to heaven1 to be with her ,son1 higher than all the angelic choirs4 ,no one stands between ,son and ,mother4 ,this1 ,o ,mother of ,god1 is my third sermon on thy departure1 in lowly reverence to the ,holy ,trinity to whom thou didst minister1 the goodness of the ,father1 the power of the ,spirit1 receiving the ,uncreated ,word1 the ,almighty ,wisdom and ,power of ,god4 ,accept1 then1 my good-will1 which is greater than my capacity1 and give us salvation4 ,heal our passions1 cure our diseases1 help us out of our difficulties1 make our lives peaceful1 send us the illumination of the ,spirit4 ,inflame us with the desire of thy ,son4 ,render us pleasing to ,him1 so that we may enjoy happiness with ,him1 seeing thee resplendent with thy ,son's glory1 rejoicing for ever1 keeping feast in the ,church with those who worthily celebrate ,him who worked our salvation through thee1 ,christ the ,son of ,god1 and our ,god4 ,to ,him be glory and majesty1 with the uncreated ,father and the all-holy and life-giving ,spirit1 now and for ever1 through the endless ages of eternity4 ,amen4 ,,index ,abraham and sons of ,emmor1 #i2 image of ,god1 #abc4 ,adam and ,eve addressing ,our ,lady1 #ahc4 ,ambrose of ,milan1 ,st1 on ,incarnation1 #acf4 ,amphilochius1 addressed by ,st ,basil1 #cd4 ,angarus1 ,king of ,edessa1 #cc4 ,angelic nature not taken by ,god1 #ajb4 ,anne1 ,st1 her name1 #aef4 ,ark of ,god1 the true1 #afh1 #ahh2 at rest1 #aie4 ,assumption of ,our ,lady1 #bjb1 #bjg1 #bji1 #baj4 ,athanasius1 ,archbishop of ,antioch1 #ada4 ,athanasius1 ,st1 his testimony1 #abj4 ,augustine1 ,st1 de ,civitate ,dei1 #eg4 ,babylon1 three children in1 #acb4 ,baltasar1 impiety of1 #aaj4 ,basil1 ,st1 on ,tradition1 #bh2 on ,st ,gordion1 #cg2 on ,forty ,martyrs1 #aag4 ,berenice of ,paneada1 #abd4 ,body of ,christ in ,holy ,eucharist1 #ajb4 ,brazen ,serpent1 image of the ,cross1 #ej4 ,burial of ,our ,lady1 #aij1 #aia1 #bjh4 ,burning bush1 image of ,our ,lady1 #gi4 ,cherubim1 image of1 #ad4 ,chrysostom1 ,st ,john1 his testimony1 #hc1 #aah1 #aba2 on the ,machabees1 #acg2 to ,julian the ,apostate1 #ach4 ,church assailed by enemies1 #a4 ,constantine1 zeal for images1 #abf4 ,cross1 veneration of1 #gh1 #acj1 #acd4 ,cyril of ,alexandria1 ,st1 #aba4 ,cyril of ,jerusalem1 #acg2 to ,julian the ,apostate1 #ach4 ,daniel and ,david1 worship of1 #ac4 ,denis the ,areopagite1 #aj2 on images1 #ca1 #if4 ,denis1 ,st1 of ,athens1 #aaf4 ,deuteronomy1 testimony of1 #f1 #fc4 ,divine things clothed in form1 #ii4 ,egyptians1 their burial1 #bi4 ,elias taken to heaven1 #aff4 ,eliseus1 a wonder-worker1 #de4 ,epiphanius1 ,st1 on images1 #bi1 #gg4 ,eupraxia1 ,st1 #ea4 ,ezechiel1 his vision1 #df1 #abh1 #afb4 ,forty martyrs1 #ch1 #dj1 #aag4 ,francis de ,sales1 ,st1 on the ,cross1 #dg4 ,gabriel1 ,st1 sent to ,mary1 #aeg4 ,godhead1 not to be represented1 #e1 #h1 #i1 #ad1 #ae1 #fb1 #fg1 #ih4 ,gregory of ,nazianzen1 ,st1 #abb4 ,gregory of ,nyssa1 ,st1 #da4 ,holy places1 #aji2 things1 #aaj4 ,homer1 on the gods1 #aic4 ,idolatry of ,israelites1 #hj4 ,idol worship of heathens1 #gg4 ,images1 dishonour shown to1 #fh1 #he2 worship of1 #gd1 #ge1 #hi2 definition of1 #ib2 kinds1 #ic1 #id1 #ie1 #ig1 #ajf1 #acc2 of saints1 a fruitful worship1 #aab4 ,invisible things through visible1 #aa4 ,isaias1 his vision of ,god1 #ajj2 virgin foretold by1 #afb4 ,jacob1 his worship1 #i1 #ac1 #aca2 typical1 #bg2 receiving ,joseph's cloak1 #acb2 ladder of1 #afa4 ,jews1 their proneness to idolatry1 #h4 ,jezabel1 punishment of1 #gj4 ,joachim1 ,st1 #aed4 ,jordan1 stones of1 #bj1 #ig4 ,joseph1 worshipped by brothers1 #ad4 ,josue1 worshipped an angel1 #aja4 ,king's image1 value of1 #acf2 kings not legislators in the ,church1 #eb1 #fi1 #gf4 ,latreia1 worship of1 #g2 given to ,god alone1 #fd1 #ajd1 #ajg4 ,law1 image of the future1 #hb1 #adj2 observances of1 #ah2 images of1 #df1 #di1 #ha1 #hh2 superseded by grace1 #gc4 ,leo of ,neapolis1 on the ,cross1 #dc4 ,matter not despicable1 #ag1 #ga1 #gb2 consecrated1 #abg4 ,mary of ,egypt1 ,st1 praying to ,our ,lady1 #ea1 #adc1 #ade4 ,maximus1 ,st1 his testimony1 #hd4 ,methodius1 ,st1 on images1 #ade4 ,moses1 testimony of1 #ec1 #fj1 #fe2 worships ,jethor1 #acd4 ,mother of ,god1 #ab2 images of1 #ig2 worship of1 #ed1 #ia2 death of1 #afd1 #ahf2 her ,assumption1 #aff1 #afg1 #agc1 #agf2 the city of ,god1 #adh2 her praises1 #aej2 her birth1 #aej2 her presentation1 #aef2 her grace1 #aeh2 her virginity1 #aei1 #agc2 a spiritual ,eden1 #afj2 her intercession1 what1 #afi2 the new ,eden1 #agd2 heaven1 #age2 her death1 painless1 #agg2 eye-witnesses of1 #aha2 saint of saints1 #agh2 her right to worship of all1 #aib2 heavenly bridals of1 #bjc2 fountain of life1 #bjf4 ,our ,lord's human birth1 #aid4 ,persecutors of saints punished1 #gj4 ,peter1 ,st1 chief of apostles1 #bf4 ,pharao worshipped by ,jacob1 #i4 ,saints1 why honoured1 #ba1 #bc1 #bd2 their shadow1 #aac2 our worship of1 #ajh4 ,scripture1 true interpretation of1 #ff4 ,severianus1 on the ,cross1 #aci4 ,simon ,stylites1 ,st1 venerated in ,rome1 #aai4 ,sion1 what1 #agi ,solomon and the temple1 #bb1 #de1 #abi4 ,spiritual conceptions through corporeal things1 #ij4 ,tomb of ,our ,lady1 #aif1 #aig1 #bje1 #baj2 fairer than ,eden1 #bjd4 ,tradition1 ancient1 #aad2 unwritten1 #ge4 ,types1 honourable1 #adb4 ,worship1 false1 #ef1 #eg1 #eh2 kinds of1 #ajd1 #aje1 #ajf1 #ajh1 #aaa4 #a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a1 not easily rendered in ,english4 #b ,,greek ,,capital ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jci;aa,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,dasia ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#fe;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,dasia ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#ce;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#ej;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a4 #c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 i4e41 not in place4 #d ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#jd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;fe#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e4 #e ,,greek ,,capital ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;a#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ja;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd4 #f ,a reference to the question treated by ,st ,thomas after ,st ,john ,damascene3 utrum angelus sit in loco4 #g ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ae,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd4 #h ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd4 #i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ae,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a--the ,mass4 #aj ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,xi ,u#jc;be4 #aa ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fc#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#g;a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#ad;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,,and ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fc#g4 #ab ,a short passage from ,st ,john ,chrysostom1 which follows1 is omitted on account of ,editor's note3 locus hic mihi non occurrit apud ,chrysostomum in ,epistolam ad ,hebraeos4 #ac ,compare-- ,ce n'est ni la pierre ni le bois ,que le catholique adore2 ,mais c'est le ,roi qui mort en croix ,de ,son ,sang la croix honore4 -- ,vie de ,st ,frangois de ,sales1 par ,m4 ,hamond4 #ad ,a testimony quoted from ,sophronius is here suppressed4 #ae ,see ,st ,augustine1 de ,civitate ,dei3 ,nemo igitur quaerat efficientem causam malae voluntatis2 non enim est efficiens1 sed deficiens1 quia nec illa effectio sed defectio 7xii4 c4 vii74 #af ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ba ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#ej;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,zeta ,u#jc;b#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a2 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ba ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gb ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd4 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#ad;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#ee;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g4 #ag ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#aa;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#cj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#da ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#g;a,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd4 ,,greek ,,capital ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bbo,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gj ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i4 #ah ,the first quotations are only repetitions1 and are consequently omitted4 #ai ,two slight omissions1 viz41 ,st ,chrysostom and ,st ,ambrose4 #bj ,a repetition up to ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i 7,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g71 where the translation begins4 #ba ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b4 #bb ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a4 #bc ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;fe#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ae,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd4 #bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h' ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,dasia ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#be;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;ff#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;ff#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f' ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ba;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ba;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h' ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#cj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b4 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fb#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#bj ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fd#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d' ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#jd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i4 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#ej ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h' ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,zeta ,u#jc;b#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i4 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#aa;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a4 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gj ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,dasia ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#je;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b4 #be ,,greek ,,capital ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#da ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd4 #bf ,a few ,testimonies have been suppressed as unsuitable or irrelevant1 viz43-- #a4 ,st ,basil on ,st ,barlaam 7in order7 #b4 #b4 ,st ,gregory of ,nyssa4 ,on ,isaac and ,abraham 7#e7 ,repetition4 #c4 ,severianus on the ,cross 7#g7 ,repetition4 #d4 ,from ,life of ,st ,chrysostom 7#h7 ,repetition4 #e4 ,eusebius on the ,woman with an ,issue of ,blood 7#bb74 #f4 ,eusebius on ,constantine 7#bc74 #g4 ,st ,gregory ,nazianzen1 from his ,discourse to ,julian the ,apostle 7#b lines7 7#bd74 #h4 ,st ,chrysostom1 ,commentary on ,job 7#be74 #i4 ,st ,chrysostom on ,constantine1 four quotations 7#bf74 #aj4 ,theodoret of ,syrus on ,ezechiel 7#bg74 #aa4 ,from the ,acts of ,st ,placid 7#bh74 #ab4 ,ecclesiastical ,history of ,theodoret 7#ce74 #ac4 ,st ,athanasius of ,mount ,sinai 7#cf74 #ad4 ,arcadius1 ,abp4 of ,cyprus1 on ,simeon the ,wonderworker 7#cg74 #ae4 ,st ,chrysostom1 ,homily 7#ch74 #af4 ,theodoret1 ,ecclesiastical ,history3 six short quotations 7#ci74 #ag4 ,st ,chrysostom on ,st ,flavian and ,homily 7#dj74 #ah4 ,st ,basil on ,forty ,martyrs1 ,repetition 7#da74 #ai4 ,st ,gregory ,nazianzen1 ex ,carminibus 7#db74 #bj4 ,st ,chrysostom1 ,commentary on ,st ,paul 7#dc74 #ba4 ,from the ,sixth ,general ,council 7#dd74 #bb4 ,st ,clement1 ,stromata 7#de74 #bc4 ,st ,theodore1 ,bishop of ,pentapolis 7#df74 #bd4 ,st ,basil to ,st ,flavian 7#ea74 #be4 ,st ,gregory ,nazianzen on ,baptism 7#eb74 #bf4 ,st ,isidore the ,deacon1 ,chronography 7#eg74 #bg4 ,from the ,fifth ,general ,council 7#fb74 #bh4 ,theodore1 ,ecclesiastical ,history 7#fc74 #bi4 ,abbot ,maximus4 ,repetition 7#fd74 #cj4 ,st ,sophronius1 ,acts of ,,ss4 ,cyrus and ,john 7#fe74 #ca4 ,from the ,life of ,st ,eupraxia 7#fi74 #cb4 ,on the ,fifth ,general ,council 7#gj74 #bg ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i4 #bh ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#ej;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ae,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ja;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j' ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#cj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b4 #bi ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#da ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,psi ,u#jc;c#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ba;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fd#f ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b4 #cj ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a4 #ca ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fd#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b4 #cb ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b4 #cc ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ba;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e4 #cd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b4 #ce ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#dd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fb#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd4 #cf 444 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fc#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fb#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fc#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fc#c4 #cg ,,greek ,,capital ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;a#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;ff#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;ff#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;ff#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,,and ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fc#g ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#jd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#aa;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ja;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ca;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ae,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#dj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 etc4 #ch ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#ee;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ba;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fd#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gj ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#jd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fc#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#g;a,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#da;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,zeta ,u#jc;b#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;ff#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;ff#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ca;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ae,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;ff#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,psi ,u#jc;c#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,varia ,u#a;f#bb ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#fa;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,beta ,u#jc;b#b;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#jd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,psi ,u#jc;c#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#jd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fd#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ea;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fd#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fb#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd4 #ci ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a4 #dj ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#dd;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#g;a1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e4 ,,greek ,,capital ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;a#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#cj ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ae,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#da ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,gamma ,u#jc;b#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fc#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,u#jc;c#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd1 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,varia ,u#a;f#db ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i4 #da ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,u#jc;b#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b4 ,obscure when applied to our ,lord4 #db ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#da ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fc#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,,and ,,oxia ,u#a;f#ad;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,phi ,u#jc;c#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e4 #dc ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#bj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#cj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fd#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ac,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fd#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ad,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,dasia ,u#a;f#ja;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,lamda ,u#jc;bb,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a4 #dd yevv,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,ypogegrammeni ,u#a;fb#c y,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;ff#f;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,final ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#b ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#aj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,delta ,u#jc;b#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,u#jc;c#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,upsilon ,,with ,,perispomeni ,u#a;fe#f ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gh ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,,with ,,psili ,u#a;f#jj;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omega ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ce,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd2 ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,kappa ,u#jc;ba,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,varia ,u#a;f#gf ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,rho ,u#jc;c#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;cc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,pi ,u#jc;c#j;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,omicron ,u#jc;bf,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,nu ,u#jc;bd ,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,mu ,u#jc;bc,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;af,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,chi ,u#jc;c#g;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,theta ,u#jc;b#h;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,eta ,,with ,,tonos ,u#jc;ae,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,sigma ,u#jc;c#c;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,epsilon ,u#jc;b#e;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,tau ,u#jc;c#d;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,alpha ,u#jc;b#a;,,greek ,,small ,,letter ,,iota ,u#jc;b#i4 #de ,the supposed answer of the tomb4 #df ,an unauthentic paragraph omitted4