,transcrib]'s ,notes ,text pr9t$ 9 italics1 9 bold face type & und]l9$ h be5 transcrib$ z text1 text & text1 respectively4 ,small capitals h be5 transcrib$ z all capitals4 ,t repres5ts a ,t-%ap$ symbol r ?an ! lett] ,t4 ,m ,transcrib]'s ,notes & a li/ ( *anges made may be f\nd at ! end ( ?is text4 ,,manual ,,( ,,libr>y ,,economy ,illu/ration3 ,,james ,,duff ,,br[n ,,manual ,,( ,,libr>y ,,economy ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,james ,,duff ,,br[n ,,*ief ,,libr>ian1 ,,isl+ton ,,public ,,libr>ies ,,au?or ,,( #8,,subject ,,classification1' #8,,libr>y ,,classification ,,& ,,catalogu+1' #8,a ,,biographical ,,diction>y ,,( ,,musicians1' ,,etc4 ,,?ird ,,& ,,memorial ,,edition ,,revis$ ,,& ,,rewritt5 ,,by ,w4 ,c4 ,,b]wick ,,say]s ,,*ief ,,libr>ian1 ,,croydon ,,public ,,libr>ies ,,lectur] ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,london ,,s*ool ,,( ,,libr>ian%ip ,,au?or ,,( #8,,canons ,,( ,,classification1' #8,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,classification1' #8,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,libr>y1' ,,etc4 ,,) ,,illu/rations1 ,,=ms1 ,,& ,,bibliographies ,,grafton ,,co4 ,,coptic ,,h\se1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4#a #aibj ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,james ,,duff ,,br[n #ahfb-aiad ,he liv$ & di$1 cont5t to view ,8 lab\rs mak+ k free2 ,he op5$ e book he knew ,= o!r m5 to see4 ,,preface ,?is "w 0 publi%$ by ! late au?or 9 #aijc1 & a second1 & l>gely remodell$1 edition appe>$ 9 #aijg4 ,= "s ye>s pa/ x has be5 out ( pr9t1 to ! loss ( m rec5t /ud5ts4 ,! delay1 h[ev]1 has n be5 )\t its comp5sations1 z libr>ian%ip has made sev]al advances :i* h be5 g5]ally accept$1 & has made _m exp]im5ts1 ! issue ( :i* is n yet decid$1 9 ! twelve ye>s s9ce ! publication ( ! second edition4 ,! "w has be5 reg>d$ ) mu* ju/ice z ! mo/ compreh5sive complete treatise on libr>y economy1 & is ! /&>d to :i* mo/ ,briti% libr>ies con=m 9 g5]al2 inde$1 x is n too mu* to say t ! :ole mod]n s*ool ( libr>ians "h has be5 m\ld$ by ! "w4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,i 0 ask$ to prep>e a new edition ,i 0 fac$ ) ! "q ( h[ be/ to pres]ve its compreh5sive "*4 ,i might h revis$ x cons]vatively1 m]ely t\*+ up ! /ati/ics1 add+ to ! bibliographies1 & correct+ /atem5ts :i* h be5 modifi$ by lat] exp]i5ce2 b t w\ld h left ! book p>tial & incomplete4 ,rightly or wrongly1 ,i h rewritt5 almo/ e *apt]1 h add$ sections on que/ions t\*$ ^u only lightly or n at all 9 previ\s editions1 & h omitt$ sev]al /atem5ts 9 :i* /rong p]sonal views 7 express$2 9 fact1 ,i h tri$ to pres]ve ev]y?+ t seem$ to be ( p]man5t value1 to excise ev]y?+ m]ely controv]sial1 & to avoid obtrud+ any idiosyncrasies ( my own4 ,i _c hope to h succe$$ completely1 & any sugge/ions = ! improvem5t ( future editions w be welcom$4 ,bo? ( ! e>li] editions reta9 _! value = /ud5ts1 b ! criticism :i* may fairly be levell$ at !m is t ,br[n r>ely contemplat$ ! ne$s ( a libr>y ( m ?an #dj1jjj volumes1 &1 !re=e1 omitt$ mu* t is necess>y 9 ! adm9i/ration ( su* libr>ies4 ,i h tri$ to balance ?is4 ,x is p]haps desirable to set out ! p>ticul>s 9 :i* ! ?ird edition diff]s f ! second4 ,! foll[+ *apt]s h be5 rewritt5 9 _! entirety3 ,,iv41 ,v41 ,,vi41 ,,xv41 ,,xviii41 ,,xx4 & ,,xxvii4 ,! foll[+ are new3 all ,divisions ,i41 ,,xiii4 & ,,xiv42 & ,*apt]s ,,vii41 ,,xxvii41 ,,xxviii41 ,,xxix4 & ,,xxx4 ,ev]y?+ else has be5 ret\*$1 except ! *apt] on museums & art gall]ies2 t ,i h left1 because al?\gh ! libr>ian ought to h a k ( curator%ip1 t k is n libr>y economy2 &1 )9 its limits1 ! *apt] is good common s5se4 ,i h dealt dra/ically ) ! bibliographies1 :i* consi/$ 9 ! ma9 ( li/s ( articles 9 libr>y p]iodicals4 ,e libr>y /ud5t kn[s t textbooks & treatises are supplem5t$ by p]iodical lit]ature1 & a ref]5ce to ! indexes ( libr>y j\rnals %\ld be an obvi\s ?+ = him to make on any subject2 & see+ t we h ,cannons's ,bibliography ( ,libr>y ,economy1 #ahgf-aiji1 = ! ye>s cov]$ by ! title1 & t ! be/ articles are n[ index$ 9 ! ,libr>y ,association ,index1 x seem$ suffici5t to make a g5]al ref]5ce to ,cannons & o!rwise re/rict ! li/s ) few exceptions to sep>ate publications4 ,app5dix ,,ii1 8,! ,libr>ian's ,libr>y10 has be5 revis$ by ,mr ,ri*>d ,wright1 ,m4,c41 to :om my ?anks are due4 ,an important omission is ! ,app5dix ( 8,factors & ,p]c5tages10 :i* gave figures = calculat+ ! size1 co/1 output1 etc41 ( libr>ies4 ,?is has be5 delib]ate2 ! conditions creat$ by ! ,w> are s fluid t factors :i* are likely to h a p]man5t value are impossible to compile4 ,br[n's ,guide to ,libr>ian%ip gives ! pre-w> factors1 & x is unnecess>y to repr9t !m "h4 ,! ,memoir is bas$ ^u ! obitu>y notices & appreciations :i* 7 collect$ & edit$ by ,mr ,l4 ,/anley ,ja/ = ,! ,libr>y ,association ,record1 ! biographical facts 9 p>ticul> be+ drawn f ! memoir by ,br[n's nephew1 ,mr ,james ,d\glas ,/ew>t1 :i* is includ$ 9 ^? notices4 ,o!rs w %>e my regret t 8 preoccupation ) 8 new "w at ,man*e/] prev5t$ ,mr ,ja/ f revis+ ?is ,manual4 ,i _c b p]ceive1 n[ t my "w is f9i%$1 h[ mu* bett] x w\ld h be5 _h he fill$ my place4 ,a few notes1 prep>$ by ,mr ,ja/ = ,*apt]s ,i4-,,ii41 h be5 includ$4 ,usually1 :5 "o has writt5 a book1 "o has to ackn[l$ge mu* help f o!r libr>ians1 b1 ow+ to ! extraord9>y circum/ances 9 :i* ?is revision has be5 made1 ,i felt t ,i ought n to call = help f o!rs already ov]burd5$4 ,my own task has be5 complet$ "u great pressure1 mo/ ( ! "w be+ done betwe5 #f4cj & #h4cj a4m4 ,my wife has sav$ me f _m blund]s1 & h] exp]i5ce z a =m] memb] ( ,mr ,br[n's /aff has be5 mo/ valuable to me4 ,w4 ,c4 ,,b]wick ,,say]s ,,po/script4--,z ! f9al pro(s are leav+ my h&s ,i le>n t ! long-expect$ ,gov]nm5t ,bill to remove ! p5ny rate limitation 0 introduc$ into ! ,h\se ( ,commons by ,mr ,h]b]t ,lewis & read a fir/ "t on ! #bh? ( ,novemb]4 ,! second read+ occurr$ on ! #bnd ( ,decemb]1 & ! ,bill became law on ! #bcrd ( ,decemb] #aiai4 ,x is n[ practically c]ta9 t ! p[]s 9 reg>d to ,public ,libr>ies :i* 7 held by ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d n[ accrue to ! ,m9i/ry ( ,education1 &1 consequ5tly1 :]ev] ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d is m5tion$ 9 ! ,manual1 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,education %\ld be und]/ood4--,w4 ,c4 ,b4 ,s4 ,,croydon1 #aiai ,! ,publi%]s desire to ?ank ^? :o h k9dly all[$ !m ! use ( illu/rations & h l5t blocks1 or h (f]$ o!r facilities = reproduction2 especially ! foll[+3 ,! ,libr>ians ( ,bri/ol1 ,bromley1 ,c>diff1 ,*elsea1 ,cov5try1 ,croydon1 ,fulham1 ,glasg[1 ,lambe?1 ,liv]pool1 ,montrose1 ,/ ,pancras1 & ,s\!nd2 ,! ,libr>y ,association2 ,messrs ,c$ric ,*iv]s ,ltd41 ,messrs ,=dham ,co41 ,messrs ,k5rick ,jeff]son1 ,mr ,ar?ur ,w4 ,lamb]t ( ,croydon1 ,messrs ,libraco ,ltd41 & ,sir ,isaac ,pitman ,sons4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface v ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations1 ,,=ms1 ,,etc4 xii ,,division ,i4--,,introductory ,,memoir #a ,,introduction #aa ,,division ,,ii4--,,f\ndation1 ,,committees ,,& ,,f9ance ,,*ap4 ,i4 ,,legislation #ai ,,ii4 ,,adoption ,,( ,,acts1 ,,f\ndation ,,& ,,committees #cd ,,iii4 ,,f9ance1 ,,loans ,,& ,,acc\nts #dc ,,iv4 ,,/ati/ics ,,& ,,reports #fj ,,division ,,iii4--,,/aff ,v4 ,,! ,,libr>ian #ga ,,vi4 ,,assi/ants #hc ,,vii4 ,,libr>y ,,associations #ii ,,division ,,iv4--,,build+s ,,viii4 ,,!ory ,,& ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks #ajf ,,ix4 ,,sites ,,& ,,plans #aaj ,,division ,v4--,,fitt+s ,,& ,,furniture ,x4 ,,miscellane\s ,,fixtures ,,& ,,fitt+s #acb ,,xi4 ,,%elv+ ,,& ,,accessories #ada ,,xii4 ,,furniture #aed ,,division ,,vi4--,,book ,,selection ,,& ,,accession ,,xiii4 ,,book ,,selection #afg ,,xiv4 ,,accession ,,me?ods #ahi ,,division ,,vii4--,,classification ,,& ,,%elf ,,arrangem5t ,,xv4 ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples4 #bjf ,,xvi4 ,,sy/ematic ,,classification ,,s*emes #bji ,,xvii4 ,,practical ,,application #bbf ,,division ,,viii4--,,catalogu+1 ,,fil+ ,,& ,,index+ ,,xviii4 ,,catalogu+ ,,me?ods1 ,,rules ,,& ,,codes #bda ,,xix4 ,,me*anical ,,me?ods ,,( ,,display+ ,,catalogues #bei ,,xx4 ,,fil+ ,,& ,,index+ #bha ,,division ,,ix4--,,ma9t5ance ,,& ,,r\t9e ,,"w ,,xxi4 ,,/ation]y ,,& ,,records #bif ,,xxii4 ,,bookb9d+ ,,& ,,repair+ #cjc ,,division ,x4--,,rules ,,& ,,regulations ,,xxiii4 ,,rules ,,& ,,regulations #cbb ,,division ,,xi4--,,! ,,l5d+1 ,,or ,,home ,,read+1 ,,dep>tm5t ,,xxiv4 ,,regi/ration ,,( ,,borr[]s #cda ,,xxv4 ,,issue ,,me?ods #cej ,,xxvi4 ,,book ,,di/ribution #cff ,,division ,,xii4--,,! ,,ref]5ce ,,dep>tm5t ,,xxvii4 ,,g5]al ,,ref]5ce ,,libr>y ,,me?od #cge ,,xxviii4 ,,local ,,collections #cii ,,xxix4 ,,libr>ies ,,( ,,municipal ,,ref]5ce #dae ,,xxx4 ,,! ,,comm]cial ,,libr>y2 ,,! ,,te*nical ,,libr>y #dah ,,xxxi4 ,,read+ ,,room ,,me?ods #dbd ,,division ,,xiii4--,,libr>y ,,"w ,,) ,,*ildr5 ,,xxxii4 ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,dep>tm5t #dci ,,xxxiii4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,& ,,! ,,s*ool #deg ,,division ,,xiv4--,,libr>y ,,developm5t ,,xxxiv4 ,,lectures1 ,,read+s ,,& ,,exhibitions #dfg ,,xxxv4 ,,rural ,,libr>ies #dgg ,,division ,,xv4--,,museums ,,& ,,art ,,gall]ies ,,xxxvi4 ,,museums ,,& ,,art ,,gall]ies #dhf ,,app5dices ,i4 ,,! ,,nom5clature ,,( ,,libr>y ,,positions #die ,,ii4 ,,! ,,libr>ian',s ,,libr>y #dih ,,index #eaa ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations1 ,,=ms1 ,,etc4 ,,fig4 ,,page ,james ,duff ,br[n ,frontispiece #a4 ,=m = ,annual ,e/imates #df #b4 ,returns ( ,libr>y ,exp5diture #dg #c4 ,sugge/ion ,slip #ef #d4 ,rul+s = ,issue ,record ,books #fb #e4 ,table ( ,libr>ians' ,sal>ies #gg #f4 ,/aff ,"t ,%eet #hi #g4 ,/aff ,"w ,book #ib #h4 ,sal>ies paid 9 #aiaa #ic #i4 ,sket* ,plan = ,small ,t[n ,libr>y #aaf #aj4 ,nor? ,isl+ton ,libr>y--,read+ ,room #aag #aa4 ,nor? ,isl+ton ,libr>y--,l5d+ ,dep>tm5t #aah #ab4 ,lambe? 7,h]ne ,hill7 ,op5 ,access ,l5d+ ,dep>tm5t #aai #ac4 ,montrose ,l5d+ ,libr>y #abj #ad4 ,bromley ,l5d+ ,libr>y #aba #ae4 ,isl+ton ,c5tral ,libr>y--,gr\nd ,floor #abb #af4 ,isl+ton ,c5tral ,libr>y--,fir/ ,floor #abc #ag4 ,nor? ,fulham ,libr>y #abd #ah4 ,/ ,pancras ,c5tral ,libr>y #abe #ai4 ,glasg[ 7,woodside7 ,libr>y #abf #bj4 ,glasg[ 7,t[nhead7 ,libr>y #abg #ba4 ,wolv]hampton ,libr>y #abh #bb4 ,s\!nd-on-,sea ,libr>y #abi #bc4 ,back ( ,libr>y ,c\nt] #acc #bd4 ,we/ ,isl+ton ,libr>y #acc #be4 ,nor? ,isl+ton ,b>ri] #acd #bf4 ,lambe? 7,h]ne ,hill7 ,b>ri] #ace #bg4 ,croydon ,c5tral ,libr>y #acf #bh4 ,triple ,op5 ,access ,b>ri] #acg #bi4 ,treadle ,lat* = ,wicket #ach #cj4 ,b>ri] = ,divid+ ,rooms #ach #ca4 ,d\ble ,bay ,/&>d ,metal ,book-,case #adc #cb4 ,wood ,wall-,case #add #cc4 ,tonks' ,fitt+s #ade #cd4 ,details ( ,adju/able ,metal ,%elv+ #adf #ce4 ,metal ,%elv+ 7,pat5t ,(fice7 #adg #cf4 ,rack = ,b\nd ,newspap]s #adh #cg4 ,case = ,l>ge ,folio ,books #adi #ch4 ,lattice-"w ,/eps #aej #ci4 ,%ort ,/eps #aej #dj4 ,cont9u\s ,wood5 ,/ep & ,h&les #aea #da4 ,spr+ ,/ep #aeb #db4 ,sw++ ,/ep1 ) ,improv$ ,h&le #aec #dc4 ,desk-,topp$ ,table #aed #dd4 ,briti% ,museum ,read+ ,table #aee #de4 ,ref]5ce ,room ,table #aef #df4 ,table ) ,elevat$ ,p]iodical ,rack #aeg #dg4 ,p]iodical ,rack on ,table #aeh #dh4 ,read+ ,table ) ,p>tition = ,titles #aei #di4 ,p]iodical ,rack #afj #ej4 ,rack = ,odd ,p]iodicals #afa #ea4 ,railway ,"t-,table ,rack #afb #eb4 ,metal ,read+ ,easel #afc #ec4 ,wood5 ,read+ ,easel #afc #ed4 ,*air ) ,an*orage #afd #ee4 ,arm ,*air ) ,hat ,rail #afe #ef4 ,*air ) ,fold+ ,tray #afe #eg4 ,donation ,ackn[l$gm5t #aij #eh4 ,donation ,book ,rul+ #aia #ei4 ,proposition ,book ,rul+ #aia #fj4 ,book-,ord] ,%eet #aic #fa4 ,book-,ord] ,tray #aid #fb4 ,accessions ,numb] ,book #aie #fb;,a4 ,accessions ,r\t9e ,book #aif #fc4 ,manila ,book ,c>d #aig #fd4 ,bo>d ,label #aih #fe4 ,date ,label #aii #ff4 ,w>n+ ,label #bjj #fg4 ,map & ,plate ,label #bjj #fh4 ,process ,/amp #bja #fi4 ,/ock ,book--,left folio #bjb #gj4 ,/ock ,book--,"r folio #bjb #ga4 ,ab/ract ,%eet = ,/ock #bjc #gb4 ,)drawals ,book #bjd #gc4 ,lett]+ ( ,class ,numb]s #bbf #gd4 ,col\r ,m>k+ ( ,books #bbh #ge4 ,ti] ,m>k+ ( ,books #bbi #gf4 ,%elf ,front1 ) labels #bcj #gg4 ,ti] ,guide #bcj #gh4 ,ti] ,guide ,lett]+ #bca #gi4 ,class ,guide #bcb #hj4 ,bookcase ) ,classification ,guides #bcc #ha4 ,%elf-,*eck ,regi/] #bcd #hb4 ,%elf ,dummy #bce #hc4 ,millbo>d ,dummy #bcf #hd4 ,xylonite ,label-hold] #bcg #he4 ,tongu$ ,metal ,book-re/ #bcg #hf4 ,flang$ ,metal ,book-re/ #bcg #hg4 ,comb9$ ,book-re/ & ,%elf ,guide #bch #hh4 ,yale ,book-re/ #bch #hi4 ,book-c>ri] 9 front ( ,book-case #bci #ij4 ,book-truck #bci #ia4 ,h&-pr9t+ ,models #bef #ib4 ,catalogue ,%elves1 ,briti% ,museum #bfj #ic4 ,adju/able ,screw ,b9d] #bfa #id4 ,rudolph ,index] ,book #bfb #ie4 ,c>d ,catalogue ,cab9et1 ) ext5sion runn]s #bfc #if4 ,cab9et ( ,c>d ,trays #bfd #ig4 ,sideless ,c>d ,catalogue ,tray #bfe #ih4 ,c>ds = ,bonnange ,catalogue ,trays #bfg #ii4 ,bonnange ,c>d ,catalogue ,trays #bfh #ajj4 ,/ad]9i ,c>d ,trays & ,c>ds #bfi #aja4 ,duplex ,c>d ,catalogue #bgj #ajb4 ,leyd5 ,slip ,hold] #bga #ajc4 ,volume ( ,/ad]9i ,%eaf ,catalogue #bga #ajd4 ,/ad]9i ,%eaf ,catalogue #bgb #aje4 ,sacconi ,%eaf ,catalogue #bgc #ajf4 ,adju/able ,%eaf ,catalogue #bgc #ajg4 ,adju/able ,%eaf ,catalogue #bgd #ajh4 ,adju/able ,%eaf ,catalogue1 ) ,cradle & ,key #bgd #aji4 ,front ( ,%eaf ,catalogue ,au?or ,slip #bge #aaj4 ,rev]se ( ,%eaf ,au?or ,slip #bgf #aaa4 ,%eaf ,title ,slip #bgf #aab4 ,%eaf ,subject ,slip #bgg #aac4 ,adju/able ,plac>d ,catalogue #bgh #aad4 ,fold] = ,v]tical ,file #bhb #aae4 ,a ,draw] ( a ,correspond5ce ,fil+ ,cab9et #bhc #aae;,a4 ,specim5 ( ,ja/ ,classification ( ,libr>y ,economy #bhd #aaf4 ,address1 & ,correspond5ce1 ,index ,c>d #bhf #aag4 ,pamphlet ,box #bhg #aah4 ,pr9ts ,box #bhi #aai4 ,lant]n-slide ,index ,c>d #bij #abj4 ,supplies ,location ,c>d #bib #aba4 ,)drawals ,c>d #bic #abb4 ,miss+ ,books ,index ,c>d--front #bid #abc4 ,miss+ ,books ,index ,c>d--back #bid #abd4 ,inv5tory ,book #bii #abe4 ,inv5tory ,slip--front #cjj #abf4 ,inv5tory ,slip--back #cjj #abg4 ,class ,lett]+ & ,numb]+ #caj-cac #abh4 ,class ,lett]+ & ,numb]+ #cad #abi4 ,b9d+ ,%eet #cag #acj4 ,b9d+ ,ord] ,book #cah #aca4 ,b9d+ ,slip #cai #acb4 ,r5ewal ,slip #ccg #acc4 ,ratepay]'s ,v\*] #cdc #acd4 ,non-,ratepay]'s ,v\*]--front #cdd #ace4 ,non-,ratepay]'s ,v\*]--back #cde #acf4 ,non-,resid5t's ,v\*] #cde #acg4 ,borr[]'s ,c>d #cdg #ach4 ,borr[]s' ,numb] ,regi/] #cdh #aci4 ,book ,issue ,c>d #cea #adj4 ,book & ,borr[]'s ,c>ds 9 ,pocket #cec #ada4 ,book ,pocket & ,c>d #ced #adb4 ,borr[]'s ,c>d ) ,pocket #cee #adc4 ,borr[]'s ,c>d & ,book ,c>d conjo9$ #cee #add4 ,elevation ,plan ( ,c>d ,*>g+ ,tray #cef #ade4 ,c>d-*>g+ ,trays 9 ,position #ceg #adf4 ,diagram ( ,elliot ,indicator #cei #adg4 ,a ,libr>y ,indicator #cfj #adh4 ,diagram ( ,p]iodicals ,indicator #cfc #adi4 ,quick ,ref]5ce ,collection1 ,glasg[ #cfg #aej4 ,bran* ,libr>y ,return #cfi #aea4 ,mit*ell ,libr>y1 ,glasg[ #cgf #aeb4 ,plan ( ,isl+ton ,ref]5ce ,libr>y #cgg #aec4 ,isl+ton ,ref]5ce ,libr>y #cgi #aed4 ,ref]5ce ,libr>y ,application ,=m #cha #aee4 ,picton ,read+ ,room1 ,liv]pool #chd #aef4 ,read+ ,room1 ,royal ,society ( ,m$ic9e #chg #aeg4 ,read+ ,room1 ,read+ ,table1 ,*air1 etc4 #chi #aeh4 ,clipp+s ,index ,slip #cia #aei4 ,application = ,loan ( ,ref]5ce ,book #cic #afj4 ,application = ,loan ( ,ref]5ce ,book--back #cic #afa4 ,application = ,loan ( ,ref]5ce ,book--,refusal ,=m #cid #afb4 ,application = ,loan ( ,ref]5ce ,book--,refusal ,=m1 ) reasons #cid #afc4 ,label ( ,photographic ,survey #daa #afd4 ,pr9t ,index ,slips #dab #afe4 ,d\ble ,newspap] ,/&1 ,*elsea #dbg #aff4 ,d\ble ,newspap] ,/& #dbh #afg4 ,wall ,newspap] ,/& #dbh #afh4 ,simplex ,newspap] ,hold] #dcj #afi4 ,revolv+ ,newspap] ,hold]1 ) ,clips #dcj #agj4 ,adju/able ,p]iodicals ,li/ #dcc #aga4 ,p]iodicals ,*eck ,c>d1 ,mon?lies #dce #agb4 ,p]iodicals ,*eck ,c>d1 ,weeklies #dce #agc4 ,p]iodicals ,*eck ,c>d1 ,dailies #dcf #agd4 ,p]iodicals ,file #dcg #age4 ,ca?ays ,*ildr5's ,hall1 ,c>diff #ddb #agf4 ,v\*] = ,*ildr5 #ddd #agg;,a4 ,s*ool ,libr>ies ,return ,c>d--front #dfb #agg;,b4 ,s*ool ,libr>ies ,return ,c>d--back #dfc #agh4 ,lectur]'s ,memor&um #dgj #agi4 ,privilege ,issue ,notice #dga #ahj4 ,privilege ,issue ,notice1 ,in=mation ,slip #dgb #aha4 ,rural ,libr>y ,bo>d ,label #dhj #ahb4 ,rural ,libr>y ,bo>d ,label1 ,*>g+ ,c>d #dhb #ahc4 ,rural ,libr>y ,bo>d ,label1 ,*>g+ ,c>d--back #dhb ,,division ,i ,,introductory ,,memoir ,on ,*ri/mas ,day #ahgh a ,scotti% lad ( sev5te51 hav+ realiz$ a *]i%$ desire & obta9$ an appo9tm5t z junior libr>y assi/ant at ! ,mit*ell ,libr>y1 ,glasg[1 pres5t$ himself be=e ! !n unimpos+ portals ( t in/itution at ! nor? corn] ( ,+ram ,/reet1 & f\nd !m clos$4 ,he conclud$ *>act]i/ically t ?is 0 because ! libr>ian 0 an ,engli%man4 ,! lad :o endeav\r$ to beg9 :at 0 8 real life-"w on ?is unusual day 0 ,james ,duff ,br[n1 :o 0 to become 9 _m ways ! greate/ practical influ5ce ( 8 "t 9 ! ,briti% public libr>y movem5t1 :o liv$ ?r\gh its mo/ expansive p]iod1 codifi$ & publi%$ its me?ods & results1 exp]im5t$ boldly1 fac$ & ov]came a rem>kable =ce ( opposition1 & left beh9d him a memory :i* pres5t libr>ians rev]e1 & works :i* w n easily be =gott54 ,we h no record ( 8 e>lie/ ye>s1 o!r ?an t he 0 born at ,ed9burgh on #f? ,novemb] #ahfb1 & dur+ boyhood %[$ t5acity & m5tal acquisitiv5ess4 ,at ?irte5 he became an appr5tice 9 ! publi%+ h\se ( ,edmon/one ,d\glas 9 8 native city1 & 9 ! same ye>1 :5 ,mr ,d\glas left t firm at ! e/abli%m5t ( t ( ,d\glas ,f\lis1 he rema9$ ) ,mr ,d\glas4 ,a ye> lat] f\nd him at ,glasg[ ) ! firm ( ,w4 ,r4 ,mc,phun ,sons4 ,! "w done = ^! firms gave him an initiation ( a k9d into lit]ature1 b ! e>li] ,glasg[ p]iod 0 nev] a happy memory ( 81 & 8 true c>e] began at ! ,mit*ell ,libr>y4 ,"h he sp5t t5 ye>s1 enl>g+ 8 k1 specializ+ ?or\ghly 9 libr>ian%ip1 devot+ mu* ( 8 leisure to musical lore1 & by ability & purposefulness work+ 8 way to responsible positions on ! libr>y /aff4 ,:5 he 0 tw5ty-"o he began to collect mat]ial = 8 ,biographical ,diction>y ( ,musicians1 :i* appe>$ f\r ye>s lat] 9 #ahhf2 at tw5ty-?ree 0 ,glasg[ correspond5t to ,! ,musical ,/&>d2 & he 0 ! editor & revis] ( ! six l>ge qu>to volumes ( ,*alm]s's ,cal$onia :i* appe>$ #ahhg-ij4 ,! indu/ry ?us %[n 0 inh]5t 9 8 "*4 ,he told ,mr ,t4 ,a4 ,aldr$ t he acquir$ ! e>ly-ris+ habit 9 y\?1 & t mo/ ( 8 "w 0 done 9 ! morn+s be=e he began 8 (ficial day's "w at #i a4m42 & ! ,mit*ell 0 at "s di/ance f 8 home4 ,?is habit1 :i* few ( u ev] acquire1 he reta9$ ?r\gh life4 ,x is int]e/+ to "k t he s]v$ f #ahhf to ab\t #ahhh 9 ! ,?ird ,lan>k ,volunte]s2 a little booklet f 8 p51 ,a ,volunte] ,reconnaissance1 records 8 exp]i5ces4 ,a l>ge libr>y1 h[ev] lib]ally adm9i/]$1 does n (t5 (f] opportunities = a man's l>g] initiative unless he occupies "o ( ! *ief positions2 & ! ex]cise ( 8 gifts did n come fully until 8 appo9tm5t 9 #ahhh to ! newly-e/abli%$ ,cl]k5well ,public ,libr>y 9 ,london4 ,! build+ is a comp>atively small edifice occupy+ a triangul> site1 & h>dly "o 9 :i* exp]im5ts little %ort ( epo*-mak+ might be expect$2 b ,br[n 0 a man ( ideas & c\rage :o c\ld make ! mo/ ( su* a build+4 ,moreov]1 ,london (f]$ him op5+s :i* he did n hesitate to take4 ,retir+ 9 p]son z a rule1 n]v\s 9 spee*1 & 9 appe>ance ( no special significance1 he yet ?rew himself ) quiet en]gy into ! "w ( ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t f ab\t #ahhh to #ahih ! public libr>y movem5t 9 ,engl& receiv$ its greate/ impetus1 probably because 9 ^? ye>s ! full effects ( ! ,education ,act ( #ahgj came into play4 ,few ( ! libr>ies f\nd$ 9 t p]iod are entirely )\t m>ks ( 8 influ5ce4 ,9 #ahia he conceiv$ ! idea--v old 9 itself1 b q new 9 its application to municipal libr>ies 9 ?is c\ntry--( ?r[+ op5 ! %elves to ! *oice ( read]s2 & he =mulat$ a s*eme1 :i* he call$ by ! some:at tautological "n ( 8safe-gu>d$ op5 access10 & publi%$ x anonym\sly 9 ,! ,libr>y 9 a pap] entitl$ 8,a ,plea = ,lib]ty to ,read]s to ,help ,!mselves40 ,a visit to ,am]ica 9 #ahic1 :]e he att5d$ ! ,*icago ,conf]5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association z a delegate ( ! ,libr>y ,association1 confirm$ him 9 8 op9ion ( ! practical desirability ( ! sy/em1 al?\gh he says1 8,!re 0 no su* ?+ z prop] safe-gu>d$ op5 access z n[ und]/ood any:]e 9 ,am]ica :5 ,i 0 !re02 b free access !re 01 )\t ! lock+ wickets & o!r safegu>ds :i* he introduc$ at ,cl]k5well4 ,9 brief1 8 me?od 0 to admit read]s to ! %elves1 b by way ( a wicket at :i* _! cr$5tials 7 *eck$ unobtrusively1 & to all[ !m to pass out at ano!r wicket at :i* ! books *os5 7 *>g$4 ,?us ! read] 0 lock$ 9 ! libr>y :ile mak+ 8 *oice4 ,! results ( 8 exp]im5t 7 pres5t$ to ! ,belfa/ ,conf]5ce 9 a pap] he wrote 9 collaboration ) "o ( 8 ,committee1 ,mr ,h5ry ,w4 ,f9*am1 entitl$ 8,! ,cl]k5well ,op5 ,l5d+ ,libr>y10 :i* 0 mode/ & re/ra9$ 9 tone2 b al?\gh ! discussion t ensu$ 0 g5]\s & appreciative to an ext5t1 x 0 ! fi]ce/ yet kn[n among/ libr>ians1 & ! "q became ! mo/ conte/$ "o 9 our "w4 ,s %>p 7 ! divisions ! simple sugge/ion creat$ t ! municipal libr>y pr(ession w5t into two arm$ camps1 & fri5d%ips & good-feel+ 7 frequ5tly de/roy$ by x4 ,x is difficult = y\ng] libr>ians to realize ! c\rage & confid5ce t 7 ne$$ to *ampion op5 access tw5ty-five ye>s ago aga9/ ! active antagonism ( #ij p] c5t4 ( ! pr(ession4 ,!re 7 n want+ m51 h[ev]1 :o 7 drawn to ! *ampion1 among/ !m ,mr ,l4 ,/anley ,ja/1 !n libr>ian ( ,pet]bor\gh1 ,mr ,t4 ,john/on1 libr>ian ( ,croydon1 & ,mr ,br[n's own assi/ants1 ,mr ,*>les ,riddle 9 p>ticul>1 :o op5$ ! fir/ libr>y outside ,london on ?is sy/em at ,b\rnem\? 9 #ahie4 ,9 #ahif ,croydon adopt$ x1 ,hornsey foll[$ 9 #ahih1 & al?\gh progress 0 sl[ at fir/1 to-day x has s f> won ! battle t ! op5+ ( a new libr>y on any o!r sy/em is a matt] = surprise1 & _m ( ! m cons]vative libr>ies1 ev5 9 ! l>ge/ cities1 h adopt$ x at lea/ 9 "s "p ( _! sy/em2 moreov]1 ! "q itself has become imp]sonal1 & no libr>ian to-day w\ld criticize ano!r = any views he might hold 9 connexion ) x4 ,x 01 z ,sir ,j4 ,y4 ,w4 ,mac,alister decl>$ 9 #ahid1 8! dawn ( a new epo*2 a hundr$ ye>s h5ce ! au?orities ( ! great] municipal ,london1 :i* w !n be c>ry+ on ! "w n[ only attempt$ by ! pres5t cong]ies ( village communities1 w pass a resolution ord]+ a tablet to be fix$ to ! wall ( a qua9t ?ree-corn]$ build+ 9 ,cl]k5well1 to commemorate ! fact t "h1 9 #ahid1 ! revolution _h begun :i* 9 a few ye>s _h *ang$ ! entire sy/em ( public libr>ies ?r\gh\t ! l&40 ,al?\gh safe-gu>d$ op5 access 0 ! pr9cipal practical contribution ( ,br[n to libr>y practice1 he introduc$ o!r ?+s ( great importance4 ,8 ,qu>t]ly ,guide 0 ! fir/ annotat$ libr>y bullet9 publi%$ 9 ,engl&4 ,he inv5t$ an indicator1 m compact & p]haps z effective z mo/ o!rs1 z a *all5ge to ano!r simil> inv5tor4 ,he improv$ ! %eaf catalogue1 & inde$ _m ( ! commone/ appliances n[ 9 use 7 ( 8 contriv+4 ,a description ( ^!1 & o!rs1 he gave 9 8 ,h&book ( ,libr>y ,appliances1 #ahib1 publi%$ by ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,z op5 access aboli%$ ! ne$ = alphabetical indicator-keys1 he 0 at lib]ty to consid] ! "q ( catalogues radically2 & he advocat$ ! classifi$ catalogue & class-li/s z fulfill+ ! ne$s ( /ud5ts & read]s bett] ?an o!r =ms4 ,9 ?is advocacy he secur$ ! vigor\s co-op]ation ( ,mr ,ja/2 & 9 ?is matt] also a great controv]sy ran = "s ye>s1 dignifi$ among/ libr>ians z 8! battle ( ! catalogues40 ,! issue is /ill 9 d\bt z to ! entire desirability ( ! classifi$ catalogue = all purposes & places1 b to-day ! classifi$ catalogue is c]ta9ly z common z any o!r =m4 ,8 bra9 & p5 7 active ?r\gh\t life4 ,9 #ahig he publi%$1 9 conjunction ) ,/eph5 ,/ratton1 a ,briti% ,musical ,biography1 ano!r valuable biographical diction>y4 ,9 #ahih he f\nd$1 & = _m ye>s 0 to edit1 ,! ,libr>y ,_w1 an indep5d5t & radical j\rnal ( libr>y me?odology & politics1 :i* has held its own to ?is day4 ,op9ions ( all k9ds 7 express$ 9 its pages2 ,br[n wrote innum]able articles = x2 & _m libr>ians ( pres5t di/9ction fir/ saw !mselves 9 pr9t 9 its pages4 ,especially did ,br[n enc\rage ?r\gh its pages ! /ruggles ( "y & unkn[n m5 at a "t :5 enc\ragem5t 0 ( priceless value to !m4 ,a li/ ( 8 works is giv5 at ! end ( ?is *apt]1 & w be suffici5t to %[ 8 en]gy2 b ! appe>ance ( 8 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,classification & ,%elf ,arrangem5t1 #ahih1 :i* conta9$ 8 ,adju/able ,classification1 0 a real ev5t1 because x 0 ! fir/ compreh5sive treatm5t ( a till !n little und]/ood & mu* abus$ subject2 z 0 t ( 8 greate/ "w1 ! ,manual ( ,libr>y ,economy1 :i* fir/ appe>$ 9 #aijc1 & has influ5c$ all libr>y me?odology4 ,quiet z he 0 9 _m ways1 he 0 ( a social disposition1 a trait :i* f\nd an outlet to "s ext5t at ! ,libr>y ,association1 ( :i* he 0 a c\ncillor f #ahij to #aiaa2 b = clos] purposes ( cam>ad]ie he f\nd$1 ) ,mr ,ja/1 ! well-kn[n ,pseudonyms1 a d9+-club ( libr>ians & _! fri5ds1 :i* _h its orig9 9 ! #8n9eties1 & fl\ri%$ = _m ye>s4 ,! meet+s 7 held 9 v>i\s ,bohemian re/aurants 9 ,soho1 pr(essional & lit]>y topics 7 debat$1 & ,br[n report$ !m 9 ,! ,libr>y ,_w4 ,! reports _h little relation to ! actual proce$+s1 & few p 7 m ent]ta9$1 &1 incid5tally1 a/oni%$ at _! own witt9ess 7z report$7 ?an ! ,pseudonyms !mselves4 ,?is is b "o in/ance ( 8 humor\s way ( reg>d+ all ?+s4 ,9 conv]sation1 & 9 writ+ ( ev5 ! mo/ dryasdu/ subjects1 x seem$ impossible = him to talk or write )\t hum\r4 ,br[n's sixte5 ye>s at ,cl]k5well made ! libr>y p]haps ! mo/ reput$ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,mr ,ja/ may be quot$ ^u ?is3 8,mr ,br[n's influ5ce & reputation ext5d$ f> beyond 8 own c\ntry4 ,=eign libr>ians visit+ ,london almo/ inv>iably made = two places2 "o 0 ! l>ge & h&some room ov]look+ a /ately we/-end squ>e1 :i* ,mr ,j4 ,y4 ,w4 ,mac,alister occupi$ = s _m ye>s2 & ! o!r 0 a small room1 high up 9 a r d+y-look+ triangul> build+1 ov]look+ a d+i] /reet 9 ,cl]k5well1 :i* 0 s hidd5 away t "o r /umbl$ ^u x ?an f\nd x1 :]e ,mr ,j4 ,d4 ,br[n work$ 9 8 (ficial capacity z ,libr>ian1 be=e he 0 call$ to a sph]e m wor?y ( 8 lab\rs1 9 ,isl+ton4 ,h[ _m libr>ians1 h[ _m memb]s ( libr>y committees1 h[ _m work]s 9 ! ,libr>y movem5t h be5 *>m$1 int]e/$1 & in/ruct$ 9 ^! two rooms80 ,n only 0 he requir$ to give advice 9 8 own c\ntry2 at diff]5t times he 0 call$ ^u to lecture on 8free public libr>ies0 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 9 ,holl& & 9 ,belgium4 8,a ,bruxelles10 writes ,m4 ,paul ,otlet1 8il p>la devant l'auditore du ,muse du ,livre et son succs fut trs gr&40 ,i _c help ?9k+ t 8 success dep5d$ m ^u 8 subject & 8 cle> writ+ ?an ^u 8 speak+2 he 0 on ! :ole an indiff]5t speak]1 8 n]v\sness 0 pa9ful to himself & o!rs1 & 8 in]adicable ,glasg[ acc5t 0 a real ob/acle4 ,he told my wife t ! only place 9 :i* he enjoy$ speak+ 0 ! meet+s ( ! ,isl+ton ,/aff ,club2 he confess$ to a horror & n]v\sness 9 public spee*4 ,9 #aijd he 0 appo9t$ ! fir/ ,bor\gh ,libr>ian ( ,isl+ton4 ,"h ! public libr>ies s*eme _h its v beg9n+s "u 8 c>e1 & he 0 responsible = ! int]ior design ( ! f9e c5tral libr>y & ! nor? & we/ bran*es2 probably also = ! s\?-ea/ bran*1 b ( t ,i am n sure4 ,^! libr>ies1 ,i d>e affirm1 repres5t$ ! highe/ a*ievem5t 9 libr>y-plann+ 9 ?is c\ntry1 ) _! h&some1 adequate & practical rooms1 economy 9 work+1 & g5]al suitabl5ess = _! purpose4 ,"h he br\ght into practice two ( 8 pr9cipal innovations4 ,! fir/ 0 ! ,subject ,classification1 a huge1 m9ute s*eme1 :i* we describe 9 m detail 9 ! lat] pages ( ?is book1 :i* *all5g$ comp>ison ) ! great & m popul> ,am]ican s*emes 9 its complet5ess1 logical arrangem5t1 & admirable notation4 ,its focus ^u ,briti% requirem5ts made x specially attractive to ,briti% libr>ians1 & al?\gh x may nev] sup]s$e ! m univ]sal ,decimal ,sy/em ( ,melvil ,dewey1 x is nev]!less a "w ( ! greate/ value to all libr>ians4 ,! second & m revolution>y innovation 0 ! exclusion ( ! newsroom z usually und]/ood f ! libr>ies4 ,9 8 acc\nt ( 8 visit to ,am]ica1 he m5tion$ ) some?+ approa*+ disapproval ! abs5ce ( ?is dep>tm5t f ,am]ican libr>ies & ! s5se ( des]tion :i* result$ !re2 b at ,isl+ton he adopt$ ! ,am]ican plan4 ,i am told t ! ,isl+ton public did n approve ! omission q z mu* z did its au?or1 b ! argum5ts he us$ = x 7 common-s5se ones1 al?\gh he has _h few1 if any1 ,briti% imitators4 ,to give 9 detail all 8 "w = ,isl+ton w\ld be to occupy a disproportionate space 9 a memoir ( ?is compass4 ,suffice x to say t he provid$ ?is n entirely grateful ,bor\gh ) a sy/em :i* is ! admiration ( our pr(ession4 ,he ga!r$ r\nd him an accompli%$ /aff1 publi%$ a model select catalogue1 enc\rag$ ! =mation ( an excell5t /aff guild = 8 assi/ants1 & did _m o!r invaluable ?+s4 ,he _h long be5 a tea*] ( "y libr>ians4 ,:5 ! ,libr>y ,association c\rses 7 inaugurat$ at ! ,london ,s*ool ( ,economics he became ! lectur] 9 libr>y organization & r\t9e1 & s]v$ 9 t capacity = _m ye>s4 ,z "o ( 8 /ud5ts1 ,i c v\* = 8 consci5ti\s1 pa9/ak+ tea*+1 8 c>e 9 cle>+ up difficulties1 ! enc\rag+ & fri5dly way 9 :i* he answ]$ our que/ions1 m>k$ our ex]cises1 & g5]ally made our "w ( int]e/ & value4 ,no libr>ian :o turn$ to him = advice ev] w5t unhelp$1 :atev] 8 age or s*ool ( ?\ght4 ,he wrote hundr$s ( lett]s to su* purpose 9 8 beautiful m9ute h&writ+1 & a collection ( ^! w\ld =m1 ,i believe1 an excell5t j\rnal ( contempor>y libr>ian%ip4 ,he seem$1 9 p>ticul>1 to h a m9ute k ( all libr>ians & libr>y assi/ants1 _! capacities & "w accompli%$4 ,8 obvi\s sympa?y ) "y assi/ants fir/ drew _m ( u to him4 ,f ! day ,i met him 9 #ahif at ,b\rnem\? to 8 dea? he %[$ me by con/ant signs 8 reg>d = y\ng] m5 & wom5 :o _h a real int]e/ 9 ! "w t he himself lov$4 ,he treat$ u ) equal consid]ation 9 8 correspond5ce1 & ! y\nge/ correspond5t receiv$ ! same c\rtesy z 8 eld]s4 ,he draft$ ! con/itution ( ! ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association1 :i* ) slight modifications has prov$ mo/ wise & successful2 & he frequ5tly1 especially 9 8 la/ ye>s1 att5d$ ! meet+s ( ?is ,association1 tak+ "p 9 ! discussions :5 invit$ to d s1 b seldom intrud+ 8 op9ions unask$ ^u 8 "y li/5]s1 :o1 be x rem>k$1 7 always eag] to he> him4 ,x is a difficult task to sket* 8! man 9 8 habit z he liv$10 b a few words may be writt54 ,! portrait :i* =ms our frontispiece is almo/ life-l1 ) its ?\ghtful1 quiet1 &1 if "o looks c>efully en\gh1 int5t & humor\s face4 ,9 p]son he 0 small1 b n too obvi\sly s2 fragile-look+1 b yet compact & vital 9 appe>ance & movem5t2 he _h br[n hair & be>d1 delicate features1 deft & supple h&s2 he ?\ght calmly1 0 a rapid1 consi/5t1 & p]sev]+ work]2 :at he began he f9i%$4 ,8 writ+s h be5 pron\nc$ by ,dr ,e4 ,a4 ,bak] to possess unmi/akable quality1 al?\gh 8he sc(f$ at ! ^w #8/yle' z d5ot+ "s futile k9d ( v]bal leg]dema90 7,i ?9k he mu/ h done s jok+ly1 z 8 own p]sonal libr>y %[$ t he 0 by no means bl9d to ! qualities ( lit]>y expression74 8,%rewd1 practical common s5se1 r\gh on cranks & s5tim5tali/s1 unm]ciful to muddl]s1 imp]vi\s to a good _m ideas1 b a /eady ass]tor ( ^? he _h tri$ & approv$--?is 0 ! /uff ( ,br[n's writ+10 is ,dr ,bak]'s e/imate1 & 9 ! ma9 x co9cides ) my own4 ,8 p]sonal ta/es may be inf]r$ f 8 "w4 8,he once told me10 writes ,mr ,aldr$1 8he knew ?ree subjects only1 viz41 libr>y economy1 music1 & ,scotl&4 ,i =get ! ord] 9 :i* he plac$ !m4 ,be+ a ,scotsman1 probably ,scotl& came fir/4 ,9 _m respects1 h[ev]1 ,j4 ,d4 ,b4's k 0 ( ! encyclopdic ord]--he appe>$ to "k a little ( any subject nam$40 ,9 e>ly life he 0 pron\nc$ to be consumptive1 b he told me1 8,i h liv$ to see ! doctors :o condemn$ me 9 _! graves10 by c>eful liv+1 & probably by %e] w p[]4 ,b 9 8 lat] ye>s he _h to meet _m difficulties at ,isl+ton1 :]e ! libr>ies became ! sport ( a political p>ty & he _h a committee :i* 0 unable to assess 8 p[]s4 ,x is useless to revive ?is n[1 b x probably help$ to br+ ab\t 8 e>ly dea?4 ,he fir/ became s]i\sly ill 9 #aiaa1 & ) a few int]vals1 :5 we believ$ him to be practically himself aga91 he gradually weak5$4 ,9 ! la/ few mon?s ( 8 life a /ay at ,b\rnem\? 0 tri$ z a f9al res\rce1 & "h he read musical biography assidu\sly & ma9ta9$ ! ke5e/ outlook ^u all ?+s2 b no improvem5t ensu$ 9 8 heal?1 & he return$ to ,london a dy+ man4 ,! end came at 8 h\se1 #ae1 ,canonbury ,p>k ,s\?1 ,isl+ton1 on #bf? ,febru>y #aiad2 & he 0 buri$1 amid e sign ( regret & affection1 at ,new ,s\?gate ,cemet]y4 ,8 only memorial to ! pres5t are 8 works2 ,i believe !y w be an endur+ "o4 ,to sum up3 ,br[n ent]$ ^u 8 libr>y c>e] at a "t :5 ! libr>y movem5t receiv$ its greate/ impetus1 & br\ght ! :ole =ce ( a f]tile & inv5tive m9d & a ready p5 into its s]vice4 ,he wrote ! fir/ text-books actually int5d$ = ,engli% public libr>ians1 collect$ & sy/ematiz$ all available me?odology1 &1 ?or\ghly believ+ 9 8 mission1 ?is man m ?an any o!r 9 8 g5]ation fa%ion$ 9 ?is c\ntry a liv+1 int]e/+ pr(ession out ( ! despis$ mat]ials ( ! popul> libr>y4 ,an impression writt5 by ,ald]man ,h4 ,keatley ,moore1 ,b4,a41 ,b4,mus41 ,j4,p41 a vet]an work] = public libr>ies1 :o made 8 acqua9tance e>ly1 may s]ve to conclude ?is necess>ily brief acc\nt ( our au?or3 8,:at 0 x especially t made "o feel s cle>ly t "o 0 9 ! pres5ce ( a true man1 ( an absolute ma/] ( 8 subject1 ( "o1 9 fact1 :om x 0 an hon\r to "k8 8,i ?9k x 0 t curi\s quietness1 ! repose ( a man :o has ?\ght out ev]y?+ fully = himself1 & is cont5t to leave ! facts z he has arrang$ !m to tell _! own /ory4 ,he 0 /ill1 because he 0 s /rong2 he 0 undi/urb$ by clam\r because he _h be5 ?r\gh x all1 & n[ /ood 9 ! op5 ) ! conqu]$ =tress beh9d him1 its /r5g? 8 /r5g? made visible2 "o gradually grew r timid ( ?is %y talk] because he always _h ! facts on 8 side4 4 4 4 ,he 0 ! mo/ unaffect$ & mode/ man ( real m>k t ,i h ev] met 9 my long public life4 ,i %all always be glad to h kn[n him4 ,i %all always rememb] ! great s]vices he r5d]$ to me1 to my t[n1 to our c\ntry4 ,across my s9c]e regret at 8 loss flick]s ! :imsical ?\ght ( h[ he w\ld wond] at ! fuss we are mak+ ov] him40 ,,bibliography ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ,br[n's sep>ate publications4 ,8 articles 7 legion1 & w be f\nd by ref]5ce to ! indexes ( all libr>y p]iodicals & transactions4 ,ne>ly all ! anonym\sly-writt5 articles & editorials 9 ,! ,libr>y ,_w f #ahih to ab\t #aijf are 83 #ahhf4 ,biographical ,diction>y ( ,musicians3 ) a bibliography ( ,engli% writ+s on ,music4 ,paisley3 ,a4 ,g>dn]4 #ahhh4 ,a ,volunte] ,reconnaissance4 #ahib4 ,h&book ( ,libr>y ,appliances3 fitt+s1 furniture1 *>g+ sy/ems1 etc4 ,l4,a4 ,s]ies1 #a4 #ahic4 ,guide to ! ,=mation ( a ,music ,libr>y4 ,l4,a4 ,s]ies1 #d4 #ahig4 ,gre5wood's ,libr>y ,ye>-,book4 ,scott1 ,gre5wood4 7,! second edition1 #aijj-ja1 0 entitl$ ,briti% ,libr>y ,ye>-,book47 #ahih4 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,classification & ,%elf ,arrangem5t4 ,libraco ,s]ies4 ,libr>y ,supply ,co4 7,*apt] vi41 :i* conta9s 8,! ,adju/able ,classification10 0 publi%$ sep>ately "u t title47 #aijc4 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,economy4 ,scott1 ,gre5wood4 ,second edition1 #aijg4 ,libr>y ,supply ,co4 #aijd4 ,annotat$ ,syllabus = ! ,sy/ematic ,/udy ( ,libr>ian%ip4 ,libraco4 ,classifi$ ,li/ ( ,curr5t ,p]iodicals3 a guide to ! selection ( magaz9e lit]ature4 ,l4,a4 ,s]ies1 #h4 #aijf4 ,manual ( ,practical ,bibliography4 ,r\tl$ge4 ,subject ,classification4 #aijf1 ,libraco4 ,second edition1 #aiad1 ,grafton4 #aijg4 ,! ,small ,libr>y3 a guide to ! collection & c>e ( books4 ,r\tl$ge4 #aiji4 ,guide to ,libr>ian%ip3 read+ li/s1 me?ods ( /udy1 etc4 ,grafton4 7,sup]s$es ! 8,annotat$ ,syllabus407 #aiab4 ,libr>y ,classification & ,catalogu+4 ,grafton4 7,incorporates mu* ( ! matt] 9 ! 8,manual ( ,libr>y ,classification0 9 revis$ =m47 #aiac4 ,a ,briti% ,libr>y ,it9]>y4 ,grafton4 ,,works ,,writt5 ,,9 ,,collaboration #ahig4 ,) ,/ratton1 ,s4 ,s4 ,briti% ,musical ,biography3 a diction>y ( musical arti/s1 au?ors & compos]s born 9 ,brita9 & its ,colonies4 ,birm+ham3 ,/ratton4 #aija4 ,) ,m(fat1 ,alfr$4 ,*>act]i/ic ,songs & ,dances ( all ,nations4 #aiae4 ,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d41 & ,o!rs4 ,op5 ,access ,libr>ies3 _! plann+1 equipm5t & organization4 ,) ,introduction by ,j4 ,d4 ,br[n4 ,grafton4 7,?is "w 0 plann$ by ,br[n47 ,,introduction ,,libr>ian%ip ,,9 ,,great ,,brita94 ,,! ,,pres5t ,,scope ,,( ,,! ,,libr>y ,,pr(ession4 ,,me?ods ,,( ,,?is ,,book ,i4 ,libr>y economy is a t]m cov]+ e bran* ( "w conc]n$ ) libr>ies2 & libr>ies may be def9$ 9 a phrase z in/itutions devot$ to ! collect+1 cons]v+ & exploit+ ( lit]ature4 ,orig9ally ! preval5t "* ( libr>ies 0 t ( cons]v+ r ?an exploit+ in/itutions1 & mu* ( ! te*nical equipm5t ( ! mod]n libr>ian has come into be+ z a result ( _! progress f _! orig9al 8museum0 to _! pres5t 8work%op0 "*4 ,our subject1 !n1 cov]s ! f\nd+1 organiz+1 adm9i/ration & r\t9e ( libr>ies4 ,x is "o ( mu* wid] compass ?an is commonly suppos$4 ,:atev] may h be5 ! orig9al int5tion1 = example1 ( ! pione]s ( ! municipal public libr>y movem5t1 & !re are /ill _m :o seem to reg>d t movem5t z a c\nt]-attraction to ! s$uctions ( ! saloon b> & simil> places ( recreation1 ! pres5t public libr>y is a _m-sid$1 active civic in/itution1 mak+ its appeal to all classes ( ! community z a c5tre ( education1 culture & recreation1 ) a tra9$ s]vice to direct x4 ,ne>ly e o!r type ( libr>y also is mo/ conc]n$ ) ! be/ means ( attract+ p to make use ( lit]ature1 & is an active =ce 9 ! community r ?an a passive "o4 ,,ii4 ,libr>ies h be5 recogniz$ z important 9 all ages1 & a brief /udy ( ! e>ly civilizations ( ! ,ea/ & ( ! ,m$it]ranean c\ntries1 z well z all lat] p]iods1 %[s ! exi/5ce ( /ate1 public1 ecclesia/ical & mona/ic libr>ies = :i* !re 0 "s sort ( libr>ian%ip1 ) ev5 su* seem+ly mod]n appliances z classification & catalogu+ ( a k9d4 ,b ! libr>y z we "k x to-day1 & libr>ian%ip 9 p>ticul>1 may almo/ be said to be ! creation ( ! la/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,e>li] t[n libr>ies inde$ exi/$1 ! fir/1 x is believ$1 be+ t at ,norwi*1 :i* 0 op5$ to ! public 9 #afjh2 b al?\gh !re 7 individual in/ances1 ! municipal public libr>y 7commonly b errone\sly call$ ! 8free libr>y10 because no *>ge is made = its use7 0 a result ( ! ,libr>ies ,act ( #ahej promot$ by ,william ,ew>t1 ,m4,p41 :o _h at 8 back ! real pione] ( public libr>ies1 ,edw>d ,edw>ds1 ^: ,memoir ( ,libr>ies is ! mo/ monum5tal ( treatises on libr>y hi/ory & adm9i/ration4 ,! ,act ( #ahej _h 9 view ! ne$s ( ! poor1 sanction$ ! levy+ ( a halfp5ny rate1 &1 ) curi\s want ( vision1 left ! provision ( books to ! g5]osity ( private donors4 ,! debates ^u ! bill be=e x became law are curi\s & ent]ta9+ read+2 & x appe>s t ! special purpose ( libr>ies 0 ! prev5tion ( crime6 ,progress 0 sl[ at fir/1 b 9 #ahec x 0 /at$ t ?irte5 t[ns _h adopt$ ! ,act4 ,9 #ahee its provisions 7 ext5d$ to ,irel&1 & 9 ?is am5d+ bill ! am\nt t might be levi$ = libr>ies ?r\gh\t ! k+dom 0 increas$ to a limit ( "o p5ny 9 ! p\nd4 ,,iii4 ,we ne$ n foll[ ! hi/ory ( ! movem5t1 z an excell5t monograph by ,j4 ,j4 ,ogle1 ,! ,free ,libr>y1 is available on ! "q2 nor ne$ we g into ! p>allel & 9 "s respects m wond]ful developm5t ( ! movem5t 9 ,am]ica4 ,s f> z ?is c\ntry is conc]n$ libr>ies h gr[n up 9 e consid]able t[n1 ) v few exceptions2 b ! :ole movem5t has be5 ret>d$1 ev5 crippl$1 by ! ret5tion ( ! limit ( "o p5ny 9 ! p\nd z ! am\nt a local au?ority may sp5d on libr>y provision4 ,! advance 9 g5]al education--x mu/ be rememb]$ t 9 #ahej n m ?an "o-sev5te5? ( ! *ildr5 ( ! p 7 receiv+ an education :i* c\ld be call$ satisfactory ev5 :5 judg$ by ! l[ /&>ds ( t "t--has creat$ a new read+ public m va/ ?an 0 contemplat$ by ! promot]s ( ! ,act2 b ! only legal help t[>ds meet+ its dem&s has come f ! increas$ product ( rate assessm5ts2 ! limit rema9s sixty-five ye>s aft] its imposition4 ,b ! increase we h m5tion$ has n be5 negligible1 ev5 if x is entirely insuffici5t1 & x has be5 assi/$ 9 a rem>kable way by private g5]osity4 ,among/ _m :o h provid$ t[ns ) public libr>y build+s1 ,passmore ,edw>ds1 ,"l ,brassey1 ,h5ry ,tate1 ,colonel ,gamble & ,pr(essor ,s&eman may be m5tion$2 b ! greate/ impetus to ! movem5t 0 giv5 by ! sy/ematic & almo/ univ]sal munific5ce ( ,&rew ,c>negie1 :i* began 9 #ahhf & has be5 cont9u$ by him & by ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 :i* he has end[$1 to ! pres5t4 ,8 sy/em has be5 to provide a suitable build+ on ! condition t ! au?ority accept+ x adopt$ ! ,libr>ies ,act & provid$ a site f o!r *>ges ?an ! libr>y rate4 ,by ?is means scores ( t[ns :i* 7 )\t or _h only inf]ior libr>y build+s n[ possess "o 9 "s way wor?y ( ! "n4 ,,iv4 ,! expansion ( libr>ies gave rise to ! mod]n pr(ession ( libr>ian%ip4 ,! old] libr>ies 7 usually 9 ! *>ge ( s*ol>s1 ^: ma9 "w 0 t ( 8keep]0 ( ! books1 a title :i* ! libr>ian 9 *>ge ( ! ,briti% ,museum /ill be>s1 al?\gh x does n n[ compreh5d 8 "w4 ,! municipal libr>y requir$ a man :o 0 n prim>ily a s*ol>1 al?\gh s*ol>%ip 0 an invaluable basis = 8 "w2 he 0 r requir$ to be an adm9i/rator1 a purveyor ( books1 &1 because ( ! v limit$ moneys at 8 disposal1 some?+ ( a bus9ess man4 ,= "s ye>s1 h[ev]1 !re 0 no def9ite sci5ce or art ( libr>ian%ip 9 ?is s5se4 ,edw>d ,edw>ds1 9 ! second volume ( 8 ,memoirs ( ,libr>ies1 laid firmly ! f\ndations ( pres5t libr>y economy 9 a rsum & exposition ( ! multif>i\s me?ods ( catalogu+1 classification1 libr>y plann+ & adm9i/ration us$ 9 ! v>i\s libr>ies ( ! _w4 ,little foll[$ 9 ,engl& until ! gr[+ ne$s ( ! "w caus$ a few f>-see+ libr>ians to f9d "s means ( br++ libr>ians toge!r4 ,?is !y succe$$ 9 do+ 9 ! successive conf]5ces ( libr>ians1 ,briti% & int]national1 ! fir/ ( :i* 0 held 9 ,london 9 #ahgg4 ,out ( ^! sprang ! ,libr>y ,association 9 #ahgh1 ) ,mr ,h5ry ,r4 ,t$d] & ! late ,e4 ,b4 ,ni*olson z its fir/ honor>y secret>ies1 & ! late ,rob]t ,h>rison z honor>y treasur]4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> ! late ,e4 ,c4 ,?omas succe$$ ,ni*olson1 & some:at lat] he 0 associat$ 9 8 (fice ) ,mr 7n[ ,sir7 ,j4 ,y4 ,w4 ,mac,alister1 "o ( ! mo/ significant & creative p]sonalities 9 our "w2 :ile ,mr ,t$d] assum$ ! (fice ( treasur]1 :i* he holds to ?is day1 an (fice 9 :i* 8 wisdom & c\nsel z well z 8 unsp>+ indu/ry h done mu* to create ! pres5t /ability ( ! ,association4 ,by means ( frequ5t ga!r+s1 especially by its annual meet+s1 ! ,libr>y ,association gradually br\ght toge!r ! :ole body ( libr>ians 9 ?is c\ntry1 :o read & discuss$ pr(essional pap]s1 publi%$ proce$+s1 initiat$ s*eme aft] s*eme = ! promotion & improvem5t ( libr>ies1 & g5]ally became ! controll+ factor 9 libr>y polity4 ,x 0 incorporat$ by ,royal ,*>t] 9 #ahih4 ,= _m ye>s x 0 recogniz$ t tra9+ 9 te*nical me?ods 0 necess>y = libr>ians1 & ! ,association has devot$ mu* att5tion to ?is "w4 ,at fir/ x held summ] s*ools &1 f #ahih1 o!r brief c\rses = libr>y /ud5ts1 & exam9$ ! /ud5ts ^u !m4 ,lat] x e/abli%$1 9 connexion ) ! ,gov]nors ( ! ,london ,s*ool ( ,economics1 regul> c\rses ( lectures at t in/itution4 ,a c>efully-design$ & rem>kably helpful syllabus ( in/ruction 0 drawn up1 & on ?is exam9ations 7 held & c]tificates lead+ up to a diploma 9 libr>ian%ip 7 issu$4 ,! late/ phase ( ! educational "w ( ! ,association has be5 ! secur+ ( a grant f ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ = ! e/abli%m5t ( a ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip at ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london1 :i* x is expect$ w comm5ce on #a/ ,octob] #aiai4 ,?is w prim>ily be a day s*ool ) c\rses ( /udy f\nd$ on ! syllabus ( ! ,association1 :i* has be5 c>efully revis$ & ext5d$ to meet ! new circum/ances4 ,x is ridicul\s to prophesy1 b if ?is ,s*ool is a success x is probable t x w revolutionize ! :ole "* ( libr>y s]vice 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,v4 ,!re h be5 v>i\s def9itions ( ! purpose ( libr>ies & libr>ians1 few ( !m entirely adequate4 ,we %all n attempt ano!r dogmatically1 b we may sugge/ t t purpose is to provide a repres5tative & sy/ematically arrang$ collection ( lit]ature f ! daily newspap] to ! elaborate treatise & encyclopdic "w ( ref]5ce4 ,! me?ods ( do+ ?is1 & ( exploit+ 9 ! public int]e/ ! collection :5 made1 are ! subject-matt] ( ?is manual4 ,until ?is prim>y purpose ( a libr>y is fulfill$ any attempts at ^? add$ activities :i* are advocat$ by "s libr>ians to-day are likely to be mi/ak51 or at lea/ ill-advis$4 ,! ,libr>y ,association has n issu$ a compreh5sive manife/o cov]+ ?is matt]1 & might v well d s1 if c>e 7 tak51 z no d\bt x w\ld be1 to give consid]able ela/icity to ! def9itions4 ,at ! ,annual ,meet+ 9 #aiag1 h[ev]1 x did adopt a s]ies ( resolutions ( great importance1 :i*1 z ! almo/ unanim\s pron\ncem5t ( ! pr(ession1 mu/ f9d a place "h4 ,9 ! light ( ! r\gh def9ition giv51 _! inadequacy z a compreh5sive /atem5t ( libr>y "w is obvi\s en\gh1 b !y h great value z %[+ ! tr5d ( t "w 9 ! ef=t to meet ! rem>kable intellectual1 indu/rial & o!r conditions creat$ by ! ,european ,w>2 & ?is seems to u a ju/ification = treat+ ea* ( ! resolutions at great] l5g? 9 ! foll[+ pages3 #a4 8,t ! aim ( ! libr>y z an educational in/itution is be/ express$ 9 ! =mula #8,self-developm5t 9 an atmosph]e ( fre$om1' z contra/$ ) ! aim ( ! s*ool1 :i* is #8,tra9+ 9 an atmosph]e ( re/ra9t or discipl9e'2 9 ! s*ool ! tea*] is dom9ant1 because x is possible to pass on a =m1 to tea* an art2 b 9 ! libr>y ! pupil /rikes out 8 own l9e1 & becomes 8 own tea*]2 ! libr>y supplies ! mat]ial ^u :i* ! p[]s awak5$ & tra9$ 9 ! s*ool c be ex]cis$2 ! libr>y & ! s*ool dep5d ^u diff]5t ideas1 deal ) diff]5t mat]ial 9 diff]5t ways1 & !re is no adm9i/rative relation betwe5 ! two2 fur!rmore1 ! contacts ( ! libr>y ) organiz$ education necess>ily cease at ! po9t :]e ! educational ma*9]y itself t]m9ates1 b ! libr>y cont9ues z an educational =ce ( national importance 9 its contacts ) ! :ole social1 political & intellectual life ( ! community2 t ! recognition ( ! true place ( ! libr>y 9 education mu/ c>ry ) x ! provision ( adequate f9ancial res\rces1 :i* is impossible "u ! pres5t limitation on ! libr>y rate2 su* limitation !re=e %\ld be remov$ at ! e>lie/ possible mom5t40 #b4 8,t ! creation 9 ! *ild ( intellectual int]e/s1 :i* is fur!r$ by a love ( books1 is an urg5t national ne$2 t :ile x is ! bus9ess ( ! s*ool to fo/] ! desire to "k1 x is ! bus9ess ( ! libr>y to give adequate opportunity = ! satisfaction ( ?is desire2 t libr>y "w ) *ildr5 ought to be ! basis ( all o!r libr>y "w2 t read+-rooms %\ld be provid$ 9 all public libr>ies1 :]e *ildr5 may read books 9 attractive surr\nd+s1 "u ! sympa!tic & tactful guidance ( tra9$ *ildr5's libr>ians2 b t su* provision w be l>gely futile except "u ! conditions :i* exp]i5ce1 especially 9 ,am]ica :]e ! importance ( ?is "w has long be5 recogniz$ & :]e x is highly develop$1 has %[n to be ess5tial to success40 #c4 8,t 9 view ( meet+ trade conditions aft] ! w>1 comm]cial libr>ies %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 all ! great trade c5tres ( ! k+dom1 z a "p ( ! municipal libr>y sy/em1 :]e bus9ess m5 may obta9 reliable comm]cial in=mation1 by means ( ! collection & arrangem5t = rapid consultation ( all ,gov]nm5t & o!r publications relat+ to comm]ce2 t su* libr>ies %\ld act z outli]s or bran*es ( ! ,comm]cial ,intellig5ce ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade2 & t su* ,dep>tm5t %\ld fur!r ! "w ( ^! libr>ies 9 e possible way2 t 9 ! small] t[ns comm]cial collections %\ld be =m$40 #d4 8,t te*nical libr>ies are z ess5tial1 bo? to te*nical education & to manufacture1 z ! laboratory or ! work%op2 t discov]y & inv5tion are /imulat$ by books2 t ! te*nical libr>y1 !re=e1 %\ld be e/abli%$ z a special dep>tm5t ( ! public libr>y 9 all important manufactur+ t[ns1 ) a special organization1 includ+ a libr>ian tra9$ n only 9 libr>y me?od & 9 ! bibliography ( te*nology1 b possess+ also a suffici5t te*nical k to enable him to act z a s\rce ( in=mation to inquir]s40 #e4 8,t collections ( books & o!r pr9t$ & manuscript matt] be>+ ^u que/ions ( local gov]nm5t %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 connexion ) municipalities2 t su* collections to be effective mu/ be 9 *>ge ( a tra9$ libr>ian2 t ! managem5t ( su* collections %\ld be plac$ "u ! libr>y committee2 t ! co/ ( su* libr>ies w be small 9 proportion to ! valuable "p !y w play 9 s]v+ ! ne$s1 n only ( (ficials entru/$ ) ! c>ry+ out ( public "w1 b also ( memb]s ( ! municipality responsible = local gov]nm5t f9ance & policy40 ,,vi4 ,s9ce ! succe$+ *apt]s ( ?is manual 7 revis$ ! ,m9i/ry ( ,recon/ruction has issu$ a report on libr>ies & museums :i* has be5 made by its ,adult ,education ,committee4 ,?is trav]ses 9 a g5]al way ! gr\nd cov]$ by ! ,libr>y ,association resolutions & makes recomm5dations ( mu* mom5t & gravity4 ,! aim ( ! report is to expla9 ! ext5t ( libr>ies & to secure _! co-ord9ation4 ,x criticizes ,resolution #a on ! gr\nd t x repres5ts ! aims ( education inadequately1 & x d$uces f sev]al v cog5t argum5ts ! policy ( plac+ libr>ies "u ! local education committees 9 ord] t !y may be m]g$ into & work$ z an ext5sion ( ! national education sy/em4 ,= ,london ?is w\ld mean tak+ libr>ies f ! bor\ghs & plac+ !m 9 ! c>e ( ! c\nty4 ,! matt] is too unsettl$ to admit ( argum5t "h1 b su* a policy1 if c>ri$ out1 might alt] radically ! :ole "* ( libr>y provision & adm9i/ration4 ,! l9k+ up ( libr>ies is recomm5d$ by means ( a c5tral l5d+ libr>y 9 ,london1 ! municipal libr>ies1 special libr>ies1 & rural libr>ies2 ! c5tral l5d+ libr>y w\ld supply ! m exp5sive1 little-us$ books to /ud5ts direct or ?r\gh ! municipal or rural libr>ies1 & special libr>ies %\ld be drawn ^u 9 _! specialities = books to be us$ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,to ! end t ! s]vice %\ld be develop$ to ! greate/ ext5t1 ! pres5t income ( libr>ies %\ld be increas$1 ei!r by an increase 9 ! sep>ate libr>y rate or by aboli%+ t rate altoge!r & all[+ ! e/imates ( ! libr>y to be includ$ 9 g5]al education e/imates4 ,x seems q probable t ! ne> future w see a removal ( ! ma9 f9ancial difficulties4 ,,vii4 ,?is manual is bas$ ^u ! syllabus ( ! ,libr>y ,association1 b excludes sections #a &1 9 "p1 #b 7,lit]>y ,hi/ory & ,bibliography71 & includes ! subject-matt] ( ! resolutions ( #aiag4 ,prim>ily x is a manual ( municipal libr>y practice1 b is by no means exclusively s4 ,special libr>ies h _! individual me?ods1 & a g5]al conspectus ( libr>ian%ip _c include !m2 & /ate1 univ]sity1 in/itutional1 club & private libr>ies are equally matt]s = specific treatm5t su* z w\ld be impossible "h4 ,b all libr>ies are fac$ ) v simil> problems ( selection1 accession1 classification1 catalogu+1 etc41 or at any rate !y diff] 9 ^! matt]s 9 degree r ?an 9 k9d2 & x is hop$ t = !m mu* t foll[s w be at lea/ int]e/+ & sugge/ive4 ,to ?is end ! me?od aim$ at is expository r ?an argum5tative2 & :5 two or m me?ods are 9 vogue !y h be5 plac$ side by side 9 ord] t ! /ud5t may review !m & =m 8 own judgm5t ( _! relative m]its4 ,:]e we are dogmatic we are s unconsci\sly1 & we hope t ab]rations ( ?is k9d w be pass$ ov] ) =be>ance4 ,,division ,,ii ,,f\ndation1 ,,committees ,,& ,,f9ance ,,*apt] ,i ,,legislation #a4 ,municipal ,libr>ies3 ,acts ( ,p>liam5t4--,! pr9cipal ,acts ( ,p>liam5t "u :i* ,briti% public municipal libr>ies are n[ con/itut$ consi/ ( ! foll[+3-- ,,irel& #ahee4 8#ah #ai ,vict41 c4 #dj4 ,an ,act = fur!r promot+ ! e/abli%m5t ( ,free ,public ,libr>ies & ,museums 9 ,irel&40 7,! pr9cipal ,act47 #ahgg4 8#dj #da ,vict41 c4 #ae4 ,an ,act to am5d ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act 7,irel&71 #ahee40 #ahid4 8#eg #eh ,vict41 c4 #ch4 ,an ,act to am5d ! ,public ,libr>ies 7,irel&7 ,acts40 #aijb4 8,! ,public ,libr>ies 7,irel&7 ,am5dm5t ,act40 ,gives p[] to ,di/rict ,c\ncils to adopt ! ,acts1 & emp[]s ,c\nty ,c\ncils to make grants 9 aid ( libr>ies4 ,,scotl& #ahhg4 8#ej #ea ,vict41 c4 #db4 ,an ,act to am5d & consolidate ! ,public ,libr>ies 7,scotl&7 ,acts40 7,! pr9cipal ,act47 #ahid4 8#eg #eh ,vict41 c4 #bj4 ,an ,act to am5d ! ,public ,libr>ies ,consolidation 7,scotl&7 ,act1 #ahhg40 #ahii4 8#fb #fc ,vict41 c4 #e4 ,an ,act to am5d ! ,public ,libr>ies 7,scotl&7 ,acts40 ,,engl& ,,& ,,wales #ahib4 8#ee #ff ,vict41 c4 #ec4 ,an ,act to consolidate & am5d ! law relat+ to ,public ,libr>ies40 7,! pr9cipal ,act47 #ahic4 8#ef ,vict41 c4 #aa4 ,an ,act to am5d ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act1 #ahib40 #ahih4 8#fa #fb ,vict41 c4 #ec4 ,an ,act to provide = ! ,puni%m5t ( ,(f5ces 9 ,libr>ies40 #aija4 8#a ,edw4 #g4 ,an ,act to am5d ! ,acts relat+ to ,public ,libr>ies1 ,museums & ,gymnasiums1 & to regulate ! liability ( manag]s ( libr>ies to proce$+s = libel40 ,,note4--,?is ,act does n deal ) actions = libel4 ,x 0 orig9ally int5d$ to d s1 b ! clauses 7 /ruck out ( ! bill1 & ! title escap$ em5dation4 #b4 ,! :ole ( ^! are 9 =ce1 & !y repeal all ! =m] ,acts dat+ f #ahej1 :ile incorporat+ "s ( _! provisions4 ,9 addition to ^! g5]al ,acts1 a consid]able numb] ( local ,acts h be5 pass$ on behalf ( v>i\s t[ns1 :i* include provisions = ! modification ( ! g5]al ,acts1 *iefly 9 reg>d to remov+ ! limitation ( ! rate1 & = o!r purposes4 ,su* p[]s are usually conta9$ 9 improvem5t or tramway ,acts1 & ! pr9cipal t[ns :i* h obta9$ !m include ,man*e/]1 ,birm+ham1 ,glasg[1 ,ed9burgh1 ,halifax1 ,d>w51 ,%effield1 ,c>diff1 etc4 ,sev]al t[ns1 l ,brighton1 ,hudd]sfield1 ,k+/on-on-,?ames1 h also special ,acts :i* conf] ! p[] ( e/abli%+ libr>ies1 indep5d5tly ( ! g5]al ,acts1 s t ! public libr>ies ( ,brita9 are n con/itut$ "u "o g5]al law4 #c4 ,! ,public ,libr>y ,law is fur!r modifi$ or ext5d$ by v>i\s o!r /atutes :i* 7 pass$ = diff]5t purposes1 & ! pr9cipal ,acts ( ?is k9d are z foll[s3 8#bd #be ,vict41 c4 #ig4 ,an ,act to consolidate & am5d ! ,/atute ,law ( ,engl& & ,irel& relat+ to malici\s injuries to prop]ty10 #ahfa4 ,?is gives p[] to prosecute = misdemean\r any p]son :o unlawfully & malici\sly de/roys or damages any book1 manuscript1 etc41 9 any public museum1 gall]y1 cab9et or libr>y4 8#ef #eg ,vict41 c4 #gc4 ,an ,act to make fur!r provision = local gov]nm5t 9 ,engl& & ,wales10 #ahid4 ,enables rural p>i%es to adopt ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act1 #ahib1 by means ( a p>i% meet+ or poll ( ! vot]s 9 ! p>i%4 8#fb #fc ,vict41 c4 #ad4 ,an ,act to make bett] provision = local gov]nm5t 9 ,london10 #ahii4 ,conf]s ! p[] ( adopt+ ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act1 #ahib1 on ! ,metropolitan ,bor\gh ,c\ncils1 by ext5d+ to !m ! provisions ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act1 #ahic4 ,! rema9+ /atutes :i* 9 any way deal ) public or private libr>ies w be notic$ 9 connexion ) ! dep>tm5ts ( libr>y adm9i/ration1 to :i* !y specially ref]1 su* z loans1 rat+1 etc4 ,! only o!r ,acts ( ,p>liam5t :i* may 9 ! future influ5ce public libr>ies are ! ,education ,acts pass$ s9ce #aijb4 ,"u ^! ,acts local ,education ,bo>ds are emp[]$ to 8promote ! g5]al co-ord9ation ( all =ms ( education10 & 9 _m di/ricts ! education & libr>y au?orities are amalgamat$ = common purposes4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :at fur!r ext5sions w take place4 #d4 ,ma9 ,provisions ( ! ,municipal ,libr>ies ,acts4--,a brief summ>y ( ! lead+ practical po9ts ( ! v>i\s ,acts w s]ve to give an idea ( ! p[]s :i* are conf]r$ ^u municipal au?orities 9 reg>d to libr>ies3 7a7 ,,adoption ,,( ,,acts ,,9 ,,t[ns4--,! ,acts may be adopt$ 9 any city1 c\nty bor\gh1 burgh or urban di/rict by a resolution pass$ by ! c\ncil1 at a special meet+ ( :i* a mon?'s notice %all h be5 giv51 & ! resolution mu/ be adv]tis$ publicly 9 ! usual way1 & a copy s5t to ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 if ! adoption is 9 ,engl& or ,irel&2 :ile a notice ( ! fact ( adoption mu/ also be s5t4 7b7 ,,adoption ,,( ,,acts ,,9 ,,p>i%es4--,9 p>i%es 9 ,engl& & ,scotl& ! ,acts c only be adopt$ by a majority vote ( ! h\sehold]s or vot]s4 7c7 ,,libr>y ,,rate4--,a rate ( "o p5ny 9 ! on ! rateable value ( an adm9i/rative area is ! limit fix$ by ! ,act1 b p[] is giv5 p>i%es to fix a small] sum by a popul> vote1 & urban di/ricts ( all k9ds to remove or fix any rate )9 ! limit ( "o p5ny by resolution ( ! c\ncil4 7d7 ,,p[]s4--,! ,libr>y ,au?ority may provide public libr>ies1 museums1 s*ools = sci5ce1 art gall]ies & s*ools = art1 & = t purpose may pur*ase & hire l&1 & erect1 take d[n1 rebuild1 alt]1 repair & ext5d build+s1 & fit up1 furni% & supply ! same ) all requisite furniture1 fitt+s & conv5i5ces4 ,! ,libr>y ,au?ority %all ex]cise ! g5]al managem5t1 regulation & control ( e dep>tm5t e/abli%$ "u ! provisions ( ! ,acts1 & may provide books1 newspap]s1 maps & specim5s ( art & sci5ce1 & cause ! same to be b\nd & repair$ :5 necess>y4 ,also appo9t sal>i$ (fic]s & s]vants1 & dismiss !m1 & make regulations = ! safety & use ( e libr>y1 museum1 gall]y & s*ool "u its control1 & = admission ( ! public !reto4 ,p[] is also giv5 to make agreem5ts ) o!r libr>y au?orities = ! jo9t use ( libr>y or o!r build+s2 & to borr[ money1 ) ! sanction ( ! c5tral au?orities1 = ! purpose ( buy+ sites1 erect+ build+s & furni%+ !m4 ,! ,iri% ,act ( #ahgg also gives p[] to e/abli% s*ools ( music z "p ( a libr>y s*eme4 #e4 ,non-,municipal ,libr>ies3 ,acts ( ,p>liam5t4--,! legislation affect+ ! l>ge numb] ( ,briti% libr>ies :i* are n support$ out ( ! rates is nei!r ext5sive nor satisfactory4 ,! *ief feature ( mo/ ( ! ,acts ( ,p>liam5t :i* h be5 pass$ seems to be ! b5evol5t "o ( grant+ c]ta9 facilities to v>i\s k9ds ( l&[n]s to dive/ !mselves ( _! prop]ty 9 ord] to provide sites = lit]>y & sci5tific in/itutions4 ,!re are simil> clauses 9 ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 &1 ( c\rse1 mo/ ( ! ,acts nam$ apply to municipal libr>ies2 b 9 reality ?is k9d ( legislation is n p>ticul>ly valuable4 ,to make ! transf] ( l& = public purposes m easy is q laudable1 b x has n yet _h ! effect ( induc+ l&[n]s to "p ) free plots ( l& z build+ sites1 ei!r to public libr>y au?orities or lit]>y in/itutions4 #f4 ,! pr9cipal ,act be>+ on lit]>y & sci5tific in/itutions is entitl$ 8,an ,act to af=d great] facilities = ! e/abli%m5t ( ,in/itutions = ! promotion ( ,lit]ature & ,sci5ce & ! ,f9e ,arts1 & to provide = _! bett] regulation10 #ag #ah ,vict41 c4 #aab1 #ahed4 ,?is is ne>ly all tak5 up ) provisions = transf]s ( l&s & o!r prop]ty1 & ) a few regulations conc]n+ memb]s1 rules1 alt]+1 ext5d+ or dissolv+ ! in/itution1 etc4 ,?is ,act 0 aft]w>ds to "s ext5t modifi$ by 8,an ,act to facilitate ! transf] ( ,s*ools = ,sci5ce & ,art to ,local ,au?orities10 #ed #ee ,vict41 c4 #fa1 #ahia4 ,^!1 & ! o!r ,acts ref]r$ to1 :i* deal ) transf]s ( prop]ty1 h _h v little to d ) ! developm5t ( volunt>y lit]>y & sci5tific in/itutions or libr>ies2 ! pr9cipal /atute "u :i* mo/ ( !m are n[ gov]n$ be+ an ,act pass$ prim>ily = q a diff]5t purpose4 ,?is is ! 8,act to am5d ! #8,companies ,act1 #ahfb1'0 #cj #ca ,vict41 c4 #aca1 #ahfg1 "u ,section #bc ( :i* p[] is giv5 ! ,bo>d ( ,trade to grant lic5ces to lit]>y & simil> associations1 provid+ = regi/ration ) limit$ liability1 & conf]r+ all ! privileges atta*+ to limit$ companies4 ,9 connexion ) ?is ,act1 & ^? ( #ahfb & #ahgg1 ! ,bo>d ( ,trade h issu$ a s]ies ( circul>s & =ms1 :i* include draft rules1 articles ( association1 etc4 ,"u ^! lic5ces a consid]able numb] ( ,briti% lit]>y in/itutions h be5 e/abli%$ & organiz$4 #g4 ,briti% ,colonial ,libr>y ,legislation has proce$$ v mu* on ! l9es adopt$ 9 ! "m c\ntry1 & 9 e case ! p]missive "* ( ! ,acts has be5 pres]v$1 &1 9 mo/ cases1 ! rate limitation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 "s ef=t has be5 made to keep 9 t\* ) s*ools & univ]sities4 ,9 ,s\? ,africa a ,gov]nm5t proclamation e/abli%$ ! ,s\? ,african ,public ,libr>y at ,cape ,t[n 9 #ahah4 ,?is 0 fur!r regulat$ by an ord9ance pass$ 9 #ahcf1 :i* gave ! libr>y ! "r to receive a free copy ( e publication issu$ 9 ,,cape ,,colony4 ,o!r libr>ies 9 ! l>ge t[ns n[ receive grants f ! ,gov]nm5t1 & a l>ge numb] ( small] libr>ies also receive grants equal to ! annual av]age am\nt rais$ by subscriptions & donations dur+ ! ?ree prec$+ ye>s2 b 9 no case %all ! am\nt ( ! ,p>liam5t>y grant exce$ #aej = any "o libr>y 9 "o ye>4 ,no grants are made if less ?an #be is rais$ by subscription4 ,9 return = ! grant1 read+-rooms & ref]5ce libr>ies are to be op5 free to ! public1 & an annual report has to be pres5t$ to ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,9 ,,natal ! same arrangem5t is made1 ?\gh on a mu* small] scale4 ,9 bo? colonies books are only l5t = home read+ to subscrib]s4 ,9 #ahgd an ,act 0 pass$ by ! ,legislature ( ,natal = regulat+ lit]>y & o!r societies n legally incorporat$4 ,9 ,canada1 "u a ,g5]al ,libr>ies ,act ( #ahed1 ,c\nty ,c\ncils 7 au?oriz$ to e/abli% f\r classes ( libr>ies3 7#a7 ,ord9>y common s*ool libr>ies 9 ea* s*ool-h\se = ! use ( *ildr5 & ratepay]s2 7#b7 a g5]al public libr>y available to all ratepay]s 9 ! municipality2 7#c7 pr(essional libr>ies ( books on tea*+1 etc41 = tea*]s only2 & 7#d7 a libr>y 9 any public in/itution "u ! control ( a municipality4 ,arrangem5ts 7 made :]eby ! ,education ,(fice sold books at l[ rates to ! s*ool libr>ies2 & aft]w>ds ! ,education ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,legislature gave annual grants1 equal to ! am\nts contribut$ by memb]s = book pur*ase1 to me*anics' in/itutes1 etc41 & subsequ5tly increas$ su* grants = books to #djj 7#hj7 annually4 ,! prov9ce ( ,ont>io1 9 #ahhb1 pass$ 8,an ,act to provide = ! ,e/abli%m5t ( ,free ,libr>ies10 on l9es v simil> to ! ,engli% ,acts4 ,p[] is giv5 any city1 t[n or incorporat$ village to provide libr>ies1 newsrooms1 museums & bran*es1 on ! petition & ) ! cons5t ( ! qualifi$ electors4 ,! managem5t is ve/$ 9 a bo>d *os5 f ! ,t[n ,c\ncil1 citiz5s o!r ?an c\ncillors1 & ! ,public ,s*ool ,bo>ds4 ,! libr>y rate is limit$ to an 8annual rate n exce$+ "o half ( a mill 9 ! doll> ^u ! assess$ value ( all rateable1 real & p]sonal prop]ty40 ,?is =m ( limitation is borr[$ f ! practice ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,ab\t n9ety places h adopt$ ?is ,free ,libr>ies ,act 9 ,ont>io4 ,9 #ahie an ,act 0 pass$ 9 ,ont>io to enable me*anics' in/itutes to *ange _! names & transf] _! prop]ty to municipalities on condition t ! libr>ies 7 made free to ! public4 ,! ,au/ralian colonies h all pass$ sep>ate laws1 some:at simil> to ^? 9 =ce 9 o!r p>ts ( ! ,empire1 9 reg>d to _! adoption be+ left to local option1 & rates be+ m or less limit$4 ,9 #ahgj ,,victoria pass$ an ,act e/abli%+ ! ,libr>y1 ,museum & ,national ,art ,gall]y at ,melb\rne1 & 9 #ahhe 8,! ,free ,libr>ies ,act0 0 pass$4 ,b1 9 #ahij1 ^! ,acts 7 repeal$ by 8,an ,act to consolidate ! ,laws relat+ to ,libr>ies40 ,! ,melb\rne ,public ,libr>y1 :i* 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahec1 is n[ :olly support$ by ,gov]nm5t1 & x l5ds books to any municipality 9 ! colony4 ,9 addition1 ! ,gov]nm5t make grants f public funds to mo/ ( ! me*anics' in/itutions1 a!nums & o!r lit]>y societies 9 ,victoria4 ,,s\? ,,au/ralia has q a body ( libr>y laws1 dat+ f #ahfc1 :5 ! ,s\? ,au/ralian ,in/itution 0 incorporat$1 b mo/ ( !m h be5 repeal$ or incorporat$ 9 ! two pr9cipal ,acts regulat+ in/itutes & free libr>ies4 ,by ! v>i\s ,acts pass$ 9 connexion ) in/itutes or lit]>y societies1 grants 9 aid are made by ,p>liam5t on l9es simil> to ^? 9 =ce 9 ! o!r colonies1 :ile rules & regulations are made & p[] giv5 to transf] su* in/itutes to ! municipalities4 ,public libr>ies are regulat$ by 8,an ,act to e/abli% ,free ,libr>ies 9 ,corporate ,t[ns & ,di/rict ,c\ncils10 #ahih1 subsequ5tly am5d$ by an ,act ( #aijb4 ,?is ,act gives local au?orities p[]1 on ! reque/ & ) ! cons5t ( ! ratepay]s1 to adopt ! ,act1 subject to ! rate n exce$+ #c;d4 9 ! 4 ,municipal libr>ies are also entitl$ to receive ! same grants z are made to in/itutes4 ,9 ,,new ,,s\? ,,wales public libr>ies may be e/abli%$ "u ! 8,municipalities ,act10 #ahfg4 ,! ,gov]nm5t makes grants = ! pur*ase ( books on a scale accord+ to population1 & o!r funds mu/ be provid$ by ! subscriptions ( memb]s4 ,s*ools ( art are entitl$ to receive a ,gov]nm5t grant 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( monet>y support accord$ by ! public4 ,9 addition1 ! ,sydney ,public ,libr>y 7e/abli%$ 9 #ahfi7 is entirely support$ by ! ,gov]nm5t1 & x s5ds out c>efully select$ boxes ( books to #abh in/itutes ?r\gh\t ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ! entire co/ be+ defray$ by ,p>liam5t4 ,9 ,,we/]n ,,au/ralia grants are made to in/itutes z 9 ! o!r colonies1 b !re is no g5]al ,libr>y ,act 9 exi/5ce yet4 ,9 #ahhg ! ,gov]nm5t e/abli%$ a ,public ,libr>y at ,p]?1 & contributes #cjjj p] annum = its ma9t5ance4 ,! only legislative enactm5t conc]n+ libr>ies 9 ,we/]n ,au/ralia is an ,act = e/abli%+ a ,law & ,p>liam5t>y ,libr>y = ! ,legislature1 :i* 0 pass$ 9 #ahgc & am5d$ 9 #ahhi4 ,,que5sl& pass$ an 8,act to consolidate & am5d ! ,laws relat+ to ,municipal ,in/itutions1 & to provide m effectually = local gov]nm5t10 #ahgh4 ,?is 0 ext5d$ by ! 8,divisional ,bo>ds ,act0 ( #ahhg1 & n[ ,municipal ,c\ncils or ,divisional ,bo>ds may make bye-laws = ! e/abli%m5t1 ma9t5ance & managem5t ( public libr>ies4 ,brisbane ,free ,public ,libr>y1 ! only libr>y ( importance op5$ "u ?is ,act1 has an annual grant f ! municipal funds v>y+ f #hjj to #ajjj4 ,"o hundr$ & =ty s*ools ( art ?r\gh\t ! colony also receive ,gov]nm5t grants = libr>y & o!r purposes to ! ext5t ( ab\t #hs4 #b;d4 = e p\nd subscrib$ by memb]s4 ,,tasmania has a model libr>y law1 :i* is wor?y ( adoption 9 e civiliz$ c\ntry4 ,x is conta9$ 9 8,an ,act to am5d ! ,law relat+ to ,public ,libr>ies10 pass$ 9 #ahfg4 ,x is s %ort1 & s mu* to ! po9t1 t ! :ole ( x may be quot$4 ,aft] a two-l9e preamble x decl>es t3 8,! ,municipal ,c\ncil ( e municipality may1 f "t to "t1 apply su* sum z x sees fit1 out ( ! rates ( su* municipality1 9 & t[>ds ! =mation & ma9t5ance ( ,public ,libr>ies )9 su* municipality40 ,t is ! :ole ,act1 & x gives no indication ( ! grudg+ limitations :i* o!r c\ntries inflict4 ,! only blemi% on ?is admirable /atute is ! fact t x is n compulsory4 ,mo/ ( ! ,tasmanian t[ns be+ small1 only ,hob>t has put ! libr>y law into =ce1 by appropriat+ a p5ny rate to ! support ( ! ,tasmanian ,public ,libr>y 7#ahdi71 :i* is also ma9ta9$ by ,gov]nm5t grants4 ,! small libr>ies ?r\gh\t ,tasmania receive grants1 on ! usual conditions1 f ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! libr>y law ( ,,new ,,zeal& is bas$ on a s]ies ( ,acts1 simil> to ^? pass$ 9 ?is c\ntry = ! regulation ( municipal libr>ies & lit]>y in/itutions4 ,! pr9cipal ,acts are3 7#a7 8,an ,act to promote ! e/abli%m5t ( ,public ,libr>ies10 #ahfi1 giv+ p[] = ! gov]n+ body ( a city1 village or di/rict to adopt ! ,act ) ! cons5t ( ! ratepay]s1 & to levy a rate n exce$+ #a;d4 9 ! 2 7#b7 8,an ,act to conf] p[]s on ,public ,libr>ies & ,me*anics' ,in/itutes10 #ahge--;a s]ies ( rules = incorporation & managem5t2 7#c7 8,an ,act to promote ! e/abli%m5t & support ( ,public ,libr>ies10 #ahgg4 ,9 ?is ,act x is laid d[n t ! grant = public libr>ies is to be apportion$ among prov9cial di/ricts1 9 proportion to ! population ( su* di/ricts1 & t a subsidy equal to ! am\nt ( ! libr>y rate is to be paid to municipal libr>ies e/abli%$ "u ! ,act ( #ahfi4 ,free admission to read+-rooms is p]mitt$1 b no p]son to be all[$ to borr[ unless he contributes n less ?an #es4 p] annum4 ,none ( ! ,we/ ,indian dep5d5cies h legislation relat+ to libr>ies1 al?\gh grants are paid f ,gov]nm5t funds t[>ds ! ma9t5ance ( libr>ies 9 diff]5t ,briti% possessions4 ,9 ,india ! ,gov]nm5t subsidizes only libr>ies connect$ ) ! lead+ dep>tm5ts ( ,/ate1 su* z law & p>liam5t>y libr>ies = ! use ( legislators & ! ,c\ncils =m+ ! ,indian ,gov]nm5t4 ,x _c be said to r$\nd to ! cr$it ( ! ,gov]nm5t t ! only public libr>y sy/ems 9 ,india h be5 e/abli%$ 9 native ,/ates4 ,! ,gaekw> ( ,b>oda has in/itut$ su* a sy/em1 :i* ext5ds f ! capital city to ! smalle/ village1 & 8 example has be5 foll[$ by ! native ,/ate ( ,indore4 ,! ,briti% colonial libr>ies are ?us e/abli%$ & regulat$ on l9es v simil> to ! municipal libr>ies ( ?is c\ntry1 & lit]>y in/itutions ( all k9ds are incorporat$ & recogniz$ 9 ! same way z 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,!re are num]\s diff]5ces1 h[ev]1 9 po9ts ( detail1 because1 al?\gh ! p]missive clauses are reta9$ = municipal libr>ies 9 e case1 9 "s cases1 su* z ,tasmania & ,s\? ,au/ralia1 ! rate limit is ei!r non-exi/5t or greatly increas$4 ,aga91 x is a univ]sal provision 9 colonial adm9i/ration = ! ,gov]nm5ts to assi/ all k9ds ( libr>ies1 to ! ext5t ( contribut+1 )9 limits1 z mu* money z is rais$ by ! subscriptions ( memb]s or produc$ by a municipal libr>y rate4 ,also1 m attempt is made1 especially 9 ,canada1 to embody ! libr>ies z "p ( ! national sy/em ( education1 & 9 ?is respect our colonies are ahead ( ! "m c\ntry4 #h4 ,! ,libr>y ,legislation ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ( v great importance1 because ( its v>iety1 lib]ality & consi/5t aim to make libr>ies an ess5tial "p ( ! sy/em ( national education4 ,z ,dr ,?omas ,bray 0 ! fir/ to procure libr>y legislation 9 ,engl&1 s 0 he ! fir/ to obta9 a law ( ?is k9d 9 ,nor? ,am]ica4 ,he f\nd$ a libr>y 9 ,s\? ,c>ol9a1 :i* 9 #agjj =m$ ! subject ( an ,act pass$ by ! ,legislative ,assembly ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a = its regulation & protection4 ,9 #agae a simil> law = ! same purpose 0 pass$ by ! ,legislative ,assembly ( ,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,9 subsequ5t ye>s _m laws 7 pass$ by diff]5t ,/ates = ! incorporation & regulation ( all k9ds ( social1 subscription1 m]cantile & o!r libr>ies1 mu* on ! same l9es z 7 f\nd necess>y 9 o!r c\ntries1 9 ord] to give su* associations legal /&+ & recognition4 ,9 "s ( ! ,/ates laws h be5 enact$ provid+ = ! paym5t ( an annual grant to propriet>y libr>ies1 on condition t !y are made free to ! g5]al public = ref]5ce purposes4 ,?is plan ( utiliz+ exi/+ libr>y facilities = ! public b5efit is common to bo? ! ,unit$ ,/ates & our own colonies1 & !re are _m less effective ways ( secur+ read+ privileges at a comp>atively *eap rate4 ,x w\ld add enorm\sly to ! educational res\rces ( ,london1 = example1 if1 9 return = an annual ,gov]nm5t grant1 ! g5]al public c\ld h access to ! read+-rooms ( "s ( ! m important lit]>y1 sci5tific & arti/ic libr>ies1 especially ^? :i* are ri* 9 ! curr5t p]iodical lit]ature ( o!r c\ntries4 ,9 ! 8,report ( ! ,commission] ( ,education0 = ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ahie-if1 vol4 i41 !re is a v elaborate acc\nt ( ! 8,libr>y ,legislation 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates10 to :i* ref]5ce mu/ be made by ^? :o want m9ute details ( ! laws ( ! diff]5t ,/ates ( ! ,union4 ,"h x is only possible to deal ) ! laws affect+ s*ool & municipal libr>ies1 & to give typical examples ( ! legislation 9 ea* class4 ,9 #ahce ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,legislature pass$ a law e/abli%+ libr>ies = ! s*ool di/ricts ( ! ,/ate4 ,^! libr>ies 7 mu* ext5d$ & improv$ by lat] laws1 & till #ahec !y practically suppli$ ! place ( ! public libr>ies4 ,o!r ,/ates e/abli%$ ^! s*ool di/rict libr>ies1 op5 to s*ol>s & all citiz5s1 ,massa*usetts & ,mi*igan foll[+ 9 #ahcg1 ,connecticut 9 #ahci1 ,i[a & ,rhode ,isl& 9 #ahdj1 & o!rs at v>i\s dates d[n to #ahgf1 :5 ,colorado pass$ a simil> law4 ,! failure ( ?is sy/em 9 _m places l$ to ! fir/ ,t[n ,libr>y ,law be+ pass$ by ! ,legislature ( ,massa*usetts 9 #ahdh1 "u :i* ! ,city ( ,bo/on 0 au?oriz$ to e/abli% a free public libr>y & levy a tax ( #ejjj1 or #ajjj1 = its support4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ ,/ate law pass$ 9 ,am]ica1 & 9 #ahdi ,new ,hamp%ire pass$ a g5]al law = ! :ole ,/ate4 ,massa*usetts next ext5d$ its libr>y law f ! ,city ( ,bo/on to ! :ole ,/ate 9 #ahea1 & ,ma9e foll[$ 9 #ahed4 ,! o!r nor!rn ,/ates foll[$ sl[ly1 till n[ ne>ly all ! ,/ates1 save a few 9 ! ,s\? & ,we/1 h laws enabl+ municipal libr>ies to be e/abli%$4 ,previ\s to ?is1 mo/ ( ! ,/ates1 z !y became incorporat$ 9 ! ,union1 e/abli%$ libr>ies = ! use ( ! legislative c\ncils 9 ! capital t[ns ( ea* ,/ate1 & ^! ,/ate ,libr>ies1 z !y are call$1 con/itute a v important class ( public libr>y 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! fir/ actual municipal libr>y op5$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 t ( ! t[n ( ,pet]boro'1 9 ,new ,hamp%ire1 :i* 9 #ahcc e/abli%$ & support$ out ( ! local taxes a public libr>y1 :i* /ill exi/s4 ,f ?is x appe>s t !re 0 no?+ ei!r 9 ! ,f$]al or ,/ate law ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to prev5t any t[n f support+ a libr>y at ! public exp5se if x saw fit4 ,! pr9ciple ( int]f]5ce 9 local affairs by c5tral au?orities is1 h[ev]1 a ?or\ghly ,anglo-,saxon conv5tion or pr9ciple1 & ?\gh ! ,f$]al ,legislature 9 ,am]ica does n impose local laws on ! ,/ate au?orities1 ^! ,/ate legislatures impose ! same re/rictions ^u local municipal au?orities :i* are common ?r\gh\t ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,! ma9 provisions ( ! ,/ate ,libr>y ,laws ( ,am]ica are3 7#a7 ,! adoption ( ! libr>y laws ( ! ,/ate by any city or municipal c\ncil1 ) or )\t ! petition or cons5t ( ! ratepay]s4 ,! practice diff]s 9 ! v>i\s ,/ates1 b x is p]missive & n compulsory 9 e ,/ate4 7#b7 ,p[] to levy a rate = ! e/abli%m5t & support ( municipal libr>ies1 v>y+ f ! fraction ( a mill p] doll> on ! taxable value ( ! t[n to any sum ! c\ncil may see fit to levy4 7#c7 ,p[] to appo9t tru/ees & d ev]y?+ necess>y = ! equipm5t & effici5t adm9i/ration ( ! libr>ies4 ,x is important to note t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! basis ( taxation is entirely diff]5t f :at x is 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,"h r5tal1 m9us a c]ta9 d$uction1 is adopt$ z ! unit f :i* to make up ! rateable value ( a t[n4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! value ( all prop]ty is tak51 in/ead ( m]e r5tal1 z ! unit f :i* ! rateable value is built up4 ,if a h\se 9 ,engl& is wor? #dbj1 & r5ts at #cf1 x w\ld be assess$ at ab\t #cj1 & ! libr>y rate w\ld be levi$ ^u ! #cj1 produc+ #bs4 #f;d4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! same h\se1 plus cont5ts1 w\ld pay rates on ! #dbj1 be+ ! value ( ! prop]ty1 b on a small] p\ndage4 ,"o mill on ! doll> is ! ?\s&? "p ( #ds4 #b;d41 or ab\t "o-tw5tie? ( #a;d4 ,if1 !re=e1 ! libr>y rate 9 an ,am]ican t[n is #a mill1 or ! tw5tie? ( #a;d41 on ! doll>1 prop]ty valu$ at #dbj1 or #bajj1 w\ld pay a total libr>y rate ( ab\t #hs4 #f;d4 ,o!r classes ( prop]ty1 su* z live /ock1 crops1 etc41 are also tax$1 s t 9 ,am]ica ! produce ( ev5 a comp>atively small libr>y rate is mu* great] ?an 9 a t[n ! same size 9 ,engl&1 & ?is fact %\ld always be kept 9 m9d :5 comp>isons are be+ made betwe5 ! libr>y sy/ems ( ! two c\ntries4 ,!re is "o o!r po9t :i* %\ld be m5tion$ z illu/rative ( ! diff]5ce ( ! me?ods ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom & ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 reg>d to ! adoption ( ! libr>y laws by municipalities4 ,9 ^? ,/ates ( ,am]ica :]e a poll ( ! citiz5s is requir$ be=e ! libr>ies c be e/abli%$1 no special vote is tak51 b in/ead1 at ! annual election ( c\ncillors1 ! vot+ pap]s be> ! "q3 ,are y 9 fav\r ( a libr>y be+ e/abli%$ at a tax ( ---- mills on ! doll>8 ,?us at "o election ! municipal c\ncil is return$ to (fice1 & _! libr>y policy dictat$ to !m by ! ratepay]s4 ,! lib]al libr>y laws ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h produc$ a great numb] ( v l>ge & magnific5tly equipp$ public libr>ies1 :i* are adm9i/]$ by well-educat$ (fic]s1 :o are paid adequate sal>ies = ! "w !y accompli%4 ,no o!r c\ntry 9 ! _w c %[ su* a s*eme ( libr>ies closely 9 t\* ) all ! o!r educational bodies & recogniz$ by ! ,/ate z "p ( ! national sy/em ( education4 ,9 "o respect ! libr>y au?orities 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h %[n m wisdom ?an ^? ( o!r c\ntries1 by e/abli%+ ,bo>ds ( ,libr>y ,commission]s *>g$ ) ! responsibility ( sup]vis+ ! libr>y "w ( ! :ole ( a ,/ate4 ,^! ,libr>y ,commissions are e/abli%$ 9 "s ( ! ,/ates1 b n 9 all1 & are g5]ally compos$ ( five or six educational exp]ts4 ,!y h p[] to advise 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( local libr>ies 9 e respect z reg>ds selection ( books1 catalogu+1 etc41 & may exp5d public money 9 ! pur*ase ( books = libr>ies 9 t[ns :i* d n possess municipal libr>ies4 ,!y are also au?oriz$ to pay = all cl]ical "w requir$ 9 connexion ) ! ,bo>d1 to issue reports & collect /ati/ics1 & 9 "s cases to organize travell+ libr>ies4 ,all ^! ,/ate ,libr>y ,commissions issue h&books1 & ^? ( ,new ,j]sey & ,wiscons9 w give "s idea ( ! important "w 9 co-ord9at+ ! libr>y =ces ( ,am]ica n[ be+ accompli%$ by ^! ,commissions4 #i4 ,no c\ntry 9 ,europe has a libr>y law l t 9 =ce 9 ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 b a c]ta9 am\nt ( recognition is accord$ to public libr>ies by ! ,/ate 9 mo/ c\ntries4 ,municipal libr>ies exi/ 9 ,france "u ,/ate direction1 b v few t[ns 9 o!r c\ntries h done mu* to fo/] public libr>ies 9 _! mid/2 b 9 rec5t ye>s movem5ts = ! e/abli%m5t ( municipal libr>ies on ,briti% or ,am]ican l9es h be5 initiat$ 9 sev]al ,european c\ntries1 & su* libr>ies are n[ to be f\nd 9 ,norway1 ,holl& & ,g]many4 ,9 "s cases end[$ or univ]sity or royal libr>ies are recogniz$ or p>tly support$ by ! ,/ate or ! municipal au?orities1 b s f> no ,european nation has pass$ a g5]al libr>y law :i* gives communities direct control ( ! e/abli%m5t1 organization & support ( public libr>ies by means ( a tax or rate4 #aj4 ,x is fitt+ to close ?is *apt] ) a brief ref]5ce to future libr>y legislation 9 ,great ,brita94 ,! mo/ urg5t & insi/5t ne$1 )\t :i* fur!r developm5t is impossible1 is to remove or raise ! limitation ( "o p5ny 9 ! p\nd on ! libr>y rate1 :i* 0 fix$ by ! ,act ( #ahee4 ,ov] =ty places1 includ+ ne>ly all ! l>ge t[ns1 h acquir$ ext5d$ rat+ p[]s by means ( special local ,acts1 b su* a c\rse is practically prohibitive 9 ! small t[ns1 :]e relief is g5]ally ne$$ mo/4 ,9 view ( ! gr[? ( ! dem& = bran* libr>ies1 te*nical & comm]cial dep>tm5ts1 *ildr5's read+-rooms1 & = educational "w 9 _m directions--ext5sions c]ta9ly nev] contemplat$ by ! orig9al ,acts--! p5ny limitation is an ana*ronism1 :i* x 0 ! bus9ess ( ,p>liam5t to h remov$ long ago4 ,ano!r anomaly :i* presses = rem$y is t ! ,c\nty ,c\ncils1 alone ( all ! relat$ local gov]nm5t bodies1 su* z ,bor\gh & ,urban ,di/rict ,c\ncils1 h no express$ p[] ( adopt+ ! ,libr>ies ,acts4 ,! consequ5ce has be5 detrim5tal to ! e/abli%m5t ( village libr>ies4 ,a ,p>i% ,c\ncil may adopt ! ,acts1 & a few p>i%es h done s1 b ! yield ( a p5ny rate 9 a p>i% is s small t 9 mo/ cases x is impossible to meet ev5 necess>y adm9i/rative exp5ses1 ) no?+ :atev] left ov] = books & pap]s4 ,x is n surpris+ 9 ^! circum/ances t ! rural population ( ! c\ntry is /ill depriv$ ( ! social & educational advantages ( ! public libr>y4 ,:at is obvi\sly indicat$ is a l>g] adm9i/rative au?ority1 su* z ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil1 :i* c\ld gr\p ! p>i%es1 pool ! income f ! rate1 & adm9i/] f "o c5tre a sy/em ( travell+ libr>ies1 comb9$ ) local /ation>y collections ( books & ! provision ( suitable read+-rooms 9 ! v>i\s di/ricts4 ,su* s*emes h be5 initiat$ 9 ab\t a doz5 c\nties by ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ 9 conjunction ) ! ,c\nty ,c\ncils1 b :ile ! ,scotti% ,education ,act ( #aiah gives ,c\nty ,education ,au?orities p[] to provide & ma9ta9 libr>ies1 !re is no m5tion ( libr>ies 9 ! ,engli% ,education ,act ( #aiah4 ,^! & o!r ne$$ re=ms 9 ! libr>y law are made 9 a ,bill1 n[ be+ promot$ by ! ,libr>y ,association1 :i* e well-wi%] ( ! movem5t mu/ hope w receive ! sanction ( ! ,legislature )\t fur!r delay4 #aa4 ,! solution ( ! problem may1 inde$1 come f ano!r direction1 z ! pres5t ,presid5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education 7,mr ,h4 ,a4 ,l4 ,fi%]7 indicat$ 9 an int]view ) a libr>y deputation 7,april #aiai7 t ! p[]s relat+ to public libr>ies !n held by ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d 7 to be transf]r$ to ano!r dep>tm5t4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,education 0 ?us indicat$1 & x may be t new s\rces ( support1 means ( co-ord9ation1 & possibly p]iodical ,gov]nm5t inspection ( libr>ies1 may fl[ f ! transf]2 b x is too e>ly to speculate ^u ! matt]4 ,,bibliography #ab4 ,engli% ,legislation3 ,*amb]s1 ,g4 ,f41 & ,fov>gue1 ,h4 ,w4 ,! ,law ,relat+ to ,public ,libr>ies & ,museums1 etc4 #d? edition4 #ahii4 ,?is is ! pr9cipal "w on ! subject4 ,fov>gue1 ,h4 ,w4 ,summ>y ( ,libr>y ,law4 ,n4,d4 #ac4 ,=eign & ,colonial ,legislation3 ,canada4 ,h>dy1 ,e4 ,a4 ,! ,public ,libr>y4 #aiab4 ,colonies4 ,society ( ,comp>ative ,legislation4 ,legislation ( ! ,empire1 #ahih-aijg4 #d vols4 #aiji4 ,france4 ,pellisson1 ,m4 ,les ,biblio?ques l'trang] et en ,france4 #aijf4 ,ri*\1 ,g4 ,trait de l'adm9i/ration des biblio?ques publiques4 #ahhe4 ,rob]t1 ,u4 ,recueil de lois1 decrets1 etc41 conc]nant les biblio?ques publiques1 etc4 #ahhc4 ,g]many4 ,franke1 ,j4 ,d] ,leihbetrieb d] ff5tli*5 ,biblio!k54 #aije4 ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,bureau ( ,education4 ,report ( ! ,commission]1 #ahie-f4 ,vol4 i41 *apt] ix41 ,libr>y ,legislation 9 ! ,u4,s41 pp4 #ebc-eii4 ,! fulle/ acc\nt4 ,yu/1 ,w4 ,f4 ,libr>y ,legislation4 ,prepr9t ( ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,economy1 *apt] ix4 #aiaa4 ,annual reviews ( ! libr>y legislation 9 ! ,u4,s4 appe> 9 ! ,libr>y ,jl4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 pp4 #ij-if3 ,,lwk1 ,legislation1 ,libr>y ,commissions1 pp4 #bda-bde4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,adoption ,,( ,,acts1 ,,f\ndation ,,& ,,committees #ad4 ,me?ods ( ,adopt+ ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts4--,!re are only two me?ods prescrib$ by ! ,libr>ies ,acts "u :i* public libr>ies c be e/abli%$4 ,9 rural p>i%es a p>i% meet+1 call$ ^u a requisition sign$ by t5 or m vot]s & held at ! "t & place appo9t$1 may adopt ! ,acts by a b>e majority ( ^? pres5t & vot+4 ,at lea/ sev5 days' notice ( ! meet+ mu/ be giv51 b x is bett] to all[ a mon?4 ,%\ld a poll be dem&$1 x mu/ be conduct$ by ballot accord+ to ! rules laid d[n by ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d4 ,full p>ticul>s1 includ+ =ms ( requisition1 w be f\nd 9 ,*amb]s & ,fov>gue's ,law ,relat+ to ,public ,libr>ies1 #ahii4 #ae4 ,z already /at$ 9 ,section #d1 any c\nty bor\gh1 urban di/rict1 burgh or o!r simil> au?ority may adopt ! ,libr>ies ,acts by a resolution ( ! c\ncil1 )\t ref]5ce to ! vot]s4 ,a mon?'s notice ( motion mu/ be giv5 9 ! cu/om>y =m1 & a b>e majority ( ! c\ncil c pass ! resolution4 ,a copy ( ! resolution adopt+ ! ,acts mu/ be s5t to ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 & x mu/ also be adv]tis$ 9 ! local pap]s & po/$ on ! doors ( all ! *ur*es & *apels--:]e su* notices are usually po/$4 ,x is be/ to make ! resolution /ate a p>ticul> date :5 ! ,acts are to come into op]ation1 z is requir$ by ! ,scot* ,act4 ,9 "s places ! ,acts aft] be+ adopt$ h be5 all[$ to become a dead-lett] ow+ to neglect ( ?is necess>y precaution4 ,z ! urban di/ricts & burghs are giv5 p[] to fix ! am\nt ( rate )9 ! limitation ( "o p5ny1 x is n necess>y to include 9 ! resolution adopt+ ! ,acts any /ipulation z to ! am\nt ( rate4 ,a useful =m ( resolution is z foll[s3 ,t ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act /ate date ( pr9cipal ,act & all subsequ5t ,acts am5d+ ! same be1 & are h]eby adopt$1 = ! c\nty bor\gh ( -------- /ate place1 & %all be 9 =ce ?r\gh\t ! bor\gh or o!r area on & aft] ! 4 4 4 4 4 4 day ( 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 /ate ye>4 #af4 ,z ! p[] ( adopt+ ! ,acts 9 popul\s areas is n[ ve/$ 9 ! local au?orities1 !re is no long]1 z =m]ly1 any ne$ to educate op9ion among ratepay]s z to ! necessity = e/abli%+ public libr>ies4 ,! ,libr>y ,association has issu$ a useful pamphlet1 ,! ,e/abli%m5t ( ,public ,libr>ies1 #aiji1 & mo/ ( ! o!r propag&i/ lit]ature ( a useful k9d appe>s 9 ! v>i\s books ( ,mr ,?omas ,gre5wood 7,public ,libr>ies1 ,briti% ,libr>y ,ye> ,book1 etc471 & ^! %\ld be consult$ by anyone 9 a rural p>i% :o desires to raise ! "q 9 a practical =m4 ,z reg>ds urban di/ricts ! initiative may safely be left 9 ! h&s ( ! intellig5t memb]s ( c\ncil1 :o w soon] or lat] move 9 ! direction ( plac+ _! di/ricts 9 l9e ) all ! o!r l>ge t[ns 9 ! c\ntry4 #ag4 ,at pres5t ab\t #ecd t[ns & di/ricts 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom h adopt$ ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 or local ,acts1 & ?is numb] includes e l>ge t[n 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! pr9cipal areas /ill unprovid$ ) public libr>ies are ! ,metropolitan ,bor\gh ( ,m>ylebone & ! t[ns & di/ricts ( ,bacup1 ,crewe1 ,sc>bor\gh1 ,sw9don1 ,govan1 ,lei?1 ,pollok%aws & ,wi%aw2 toge!r ) ,dov]1 ,j>r[1 ,ll&udno & ,weym\?1 :i*1 ?\gh !y h adopt$ ! ,acts1 h tak5 no /eps to put !m into =ce4 #ah4 ,end[m5ts4--,little ne$ be said ab\t ! f\ndation ( public libr>ies by end[m5t or beque/4 ,! wills ( ,/eph5 ,mit*ell & ,george ,baillie1 ( ,glasg[1 are models ( :at a lib]al beque/ %\ld be1 bo? z reg>ds ! am\nts bequea!d & ! conditions laid d[n = ! =mation ( ! libr>y itself4 ,! practical condition atta*$ to all ! gifts made by ,mr ,&rew ,c>negie & ,mr ,j4 ,passmore ,edw>ds = public libr>y purposes %\ld be adopt$ by e b5efactor :o proposes to f\nd a libr>y4 ,?is is ! v s5sible "o t1 if ! gift ( money is accept$ by ! community1 ! local au?ority mu/ adopt ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 9 ord] to ma9ta9 ! libr>y 9 a /ate ( effici5cy = all "t4 ,! only alt]ation sugge/$ 9 ! =m ( future beque/s is t1 :5 money is (f]$ to a small t[n on ! condition t x adopts ! ,libr>ies ,acts1 ! :ole ( ! gift %\ld n necess>ily take ! =m ( a build+ fund4 ,small t[ns usually h v inadequate incomes f ! libr>y rate1 & = ?is reason x might be wise if a fair proportion ( ! gift 7 direct$ to be inve/$ z a book fund4 ,a l>ge libr>y build+ )\t books is by no means z useful to ! p z a mu* less ambiti\s build+ provid$ ) a fund :i* p]mits ( ! annual pur*ase ( #ej to #ajj wor? ( books1 indep5d5tly ( ! libr>y rate4 ,at ! same "t1 ! end[m5t ( libr>ies 9 ! mann] sugge/$ w\ld n always act z an enc\ragem5t to t[n c\ncils to provide prop] funds = libr>ies2 inde$1 x might act z an excuse = )hold+ !m4 #ai4 ,appo9tm5t ( ,committees4--,! fir/ /ep aft] ! ,libr>ies ,acts h be5 adopt$ by a local au?ority w be ! appo9tm5t ( a committee1 & x is desirable t only capable m5 %\ld be elect$4 ,! be/ int]e/s ( ! libr>y w be s]v$ by a committee consi/+ ( good bus9ess m5 & lit]>y or pr(essional m5 or wom51 9 ab\t equal proportions4 ,x is q evid5t t ! legislature did n contemplate ! =mation ( public libr>ies by committees consi/+ exclusively ( ! rank & file ( local au?orities1 :o are *iefly conc]n$ ) pav+1 dra9age & o!r equally mat]ial matt]s4 ,by ,section #ae1 ,sub-section #c1 ( ! 8,public ,libr>ies ,act1 #ahib10 x is orda9$ t 8an urban au?ority may if x ?9k fit appo9t a committee & delegate to x all or any ( its p[]s & duties "u ?is section1 & ! said committee %all to ! ext5t ( su* delegation be deem$ to be ! libr>y au?ority4 ,p]sons appo9t$ to be memb]s ( ! committee ne$ n be a memb] ( ! urban au?ority40 ,! 8,public ,libr>ies 7,irel&7 ,am5dm5t ,act1 #ahgg10 gives simil> p[] to elect memb]s outside ! local au?ority4 ,section #d orda9s t 8! committee 9 :i* ! g5]al managem5t1 regulation & control ( su* libr>ies1 museums or s*ools may be ve/$ "u ! provisions ( ! #ab? ,section ( ! pr9cipal ,act may consi/ 9 "p ( p]sons n memb]s ( ! c\ncil or bo>d or commission]s40 ,by ! 8,public ,libr>ies ,consolidation 7,scotl&7 ,act1 #ahhg10 ,section #ah orda9s t ! local au?ority %all 8appo9t a committee1 consi/+ ( n less ?an t5 nor m ?an tw5ty memb]s1 half ( :om %all be *os5 f among/ ! magi/rates & c\ncil1 or bo>d1 z ! case may be1 & ! rema9+ half f among/ ! h\sehold]s ( ! burgh or p>i% o!r ?an ! magi/rates & c\ncil1 or bo>d1 & ?ree memb]s ( su* committee %all =m a quorum40 ,x is fur!r orda9$1 ,section #ba1 t ?is committee 8%all manage1 regulate & control all libr>ies & museums e/abli%$ "u ?is ,act1 or to :i* ?is ,act applies2 & %all h p[] to d all ?+s necess>y = su* managem5t40 ,x is ?us cle> t local au?orities are fully emp[]$ to select ! be/ exp]t advice x is possible to obta9 9 ! di/rict1 & t ! adm9i/ration ( ! libr>y %\ld n re/ entirely 9 ! h&s ( ! local au?ority4 ,x is !re=e advisable t libr>y committees1 :ile consi/+ ( a majority ( memb]s ( ! local au?ority1 %\ld be /r5g!n$ by a good proportion ( memb]s select$ f among ! be/ qualifi$ citiz5s4 ,! pr9ciple ( co-option is compulsory 9 ! case ( ,education ,committees1 & s f> z ?is pr9ciple is conc]n$ ! argum5ts = its adoption on ,libr>y ,committees are equally cog5t4 #bj4 ,con/itution ( ,committees4--,! portions ( ! ,acts already quot$ make x pla9 t 9 ,scotl& ! libr>y committees %all be indep5d5t bodies1 ) p[] to provide ev]y?+ necess>y1 )\t requir+ ! sanction ( ! local au?orities1 or do+ m ?an f "t to "t report+ _! proce$+s4 ,9 ,irel&1 "u ,section #ab ( ! pr9cipal ,act1 8! g5]al managem5t1 regulation & control ( su* libr>ies & museums1 etc41 %all be1 z to any bor\gh1 ve/$ 9 & ex]cis$ by ! c\ncil or bo>d1 & z to any t[n1 9 & by ! t[n commission]s1 or su* committee z !y respectively may f "t to "t appo9t1 :o may f "t to "t pur*ase & provide ! necess>y fuel1 books1 appo9t & dismiss (fic]s1 make rules10 etc4 ,?is approximates closely to ! ,engli% law1 :i* diff]s f t ( ! ,scotti% 9 leav+ ! p[] ( appo9t+ an indep5d5t or semi-indep5d5t libr>y committee 9 ! discretion ( ! local au?ority4 ,! ,engli% ,act has already be5 quot$ 9 ! previ\s section1 & x n[ rema9s to give reasons :y e ,public ,libr>y ,committee %\ld be indep5d5t ( ! control ( ! local au?ority1 save = c]ta9 purposes4 ,! fact t1 9 ,scotl&1 ! hybrid composition ( ! committee is reg>d$ z a reason = mak+ x practically indep5d5t ( ! local au?ority (f]s a /rong argum5t 9 fav\r ( a simil> c\rse be+ pursu$ 9 ,engl& & ,irel&4 ,a mix$ committee is entitl$ to act )\t ! special sanction ( ! local au?ority1 if only = ! reason t all its memb]s _c take "p 9 ! ratify+ proce$+s ( ! c\ncil or bo>d4 ,x seems illogical to invite capable citiz5s :o are n memb]s ( ! c\ncil to pass c]ta9 resolutions & !n submit !m = confirmation to a c\ncil on :i* !y h no vote or voice4 ,fur!rmore1 a committee ( any k9d appo9t$ to adm9i/] an ,act1 l ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act1 :i* lays d[n cle>ly :at may be done & h[ mu* may be exp5d$1 does n require ! same k9d ( ov]sight & control z an ord9>y committee appo9t$ = "s municipal purpose ) comp>atively unlimit$ p[]s ( exp5diture4 ,no committee appo9t$ = an educational purpose %\ld be subject to ! delays & difficulties caus$ by hav+ to submit all its proce$+s = confirmation by a sup]ior au?ority4 ,all ^! argum5ts furni% reasons :y local au?orities 9 ,engl& & ,irel& %\ld foll[ ,scotl& 9 giv+ ,public ,libr>y ,committees a complete or p>tial delegation ( p[]s "u ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts4 #ba4 ,delegation ( ,p[]s4--,a delegation ( p[]s "u ! v>i\s sections ( ! ,acts quot$ %\ld provide = a fair measure ( indep5d5ce = ! committee1 ) a fair %>e ( g5]al control on ! "p ( ! local au?ority4 ,z a matt] ( policy1 z well z 9 ! public int]e/1 x is v desirable to ma9ta9 h>moni\s relations betwe5 a c5tral bo>d & its act+ committees1 & = ^! reasons in=mation z to ! proce$+s ( a committee %\ld always be available1 if requir$4 ,b1 = ! reasons already set =?1 a ,public ,libr>y ,committee %\ld be a report+ & n m]ely a recomm5d+ body4 ,) ! exception ( public libr>ies 9 ! ,metropolitan ,bor\ghs1 :i* are compell$ by ,section #h 7#c7 ( ! 8,london ,gov]nm5t ,act1 #ahii10 to receive ! sanction ( ! ,bor\gh ,c\ncil & its ,f9ance ,committee = exp5ditures ov] #ej1 e ,public ,libr>y ,committee 9 ,engl& & ,irel& %\ld be con/itut$ "u a special delegation ( p[]s1 su* z 0 contemplat$ & au?oriz$ by ! ,acts already quot$4 ,a fair & workable =m ( delegation ( p[]s1 :i* has be5 adopt$ ) good results1 is z foll[s3 ,t ! "n ( au?ority h]eby delegates to ! ,public ,libr>y ,committee all ! p[]s & duties ve/$ 9 x z ! ,libr>y ,au?ority "u ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 #ahib1 & all subsequ5t am5dm5ts1 ) ! foll[+ res]vations3-- #a4 ,! sanction & rais+ ( loans = new build+s or o!r purposes4 #b4 ,! mak+ & collection ( ! annual libr>y rate4 #c4 ,! confirmation ( agreem5ts ) adjo9+ libr>y au?orities = ! jo9t use ( libr>ies4 #d4 ,! confirmation ( ! appo9tm5t or dismissal ( ! libr>ian4 #e4 ,! sanction ( any s*eme = ! =mation ( bran* libr>ies4 #f4 ,! proce$+s ( ! ,public ,libr>y ,committee to be report$ mon?ly to ! "n ( au?ority1 b only = confirmation & sanction z reg>ds ,clauses #a to #e ( ?is con/itution4 #g4 ,! libr>ian to act z cl]k to ! ,public ,libr>y ,committee4 ,z reg>ds ,metropolitan ,bor\gh ,c\ncils1 x may be desirable to add a clause to ! effect t no exp5diture exce$+ #ej be incurr$ )\t an e/imate be+ fir/ obta9$ by ! ,f9ance ,committee ( ! ,bor\gh ,c\ncil4 ,b x is d\btful1 if ev5 ?is re/riction is necess>y1 if1 :5 ! rate is made1 ! ,bor\gh ,f9ance ,committee passes an e/imate = ! :ole am\nt ( ! public libr>y rate1 to be exp5d$ on g5]al libr>y purposes accord+ to a budget or s*eme prep>$ by ! ,public ,libr>y ,committee4 ,?is w get ov] ! difficulty ( hav+ to obta9 fre% e/imates e "t #ej wor? ( books is ord]$4 ,! 8,public ,libr>ies ,act 7,am5dm5ts7 ,act1 #aija10 conta9s a clause mak+ x q cle> t = libr>y purposes a ,metropolitan ,bor\gh is an urban di/rict4 #bb4 ,/&+ ,ord]s4--,! /&+ ord]s or bye-laws regulat+ ,public ,libr>y ,committees ne$ n be v elaborate4 ,g5]ally1 !y %\ld be ! same z ^? gov]n+ o!r committees ( ! local au?ority1 ) ! exceptions z to p[]s4 ,! committee %\ld be elect$ annually by ! local au?ority1 & ! numb] ( memb]s %\ld be small r ?an l>ge4 ,! ne$s ( di/ricts diff]1 b a ,public ,libr>y ,committee ( ov] twelve may be an encumbrance r ?an a help to ! in/itution4 ,at ! same "t a l>g] committee means a l>g] repres5tation on ! ,c\ncil1 & help f m p :o are actually or nom9ally int]e/$ 9 ! libr>y s]vice4 ,probably ! l>ge/ committee 9 ,engl& is t at ,wallasey1 :i* has ?irty memb]s1 ( :om ?irte5 are ,c\ncil memb]s4 ,:]e su* l>ge committees exi/ x is usually f\nd t ! actual executive "w devolves ^u a sub-committee1 su* z ! ,book ,sub-,committee4 ,meet+s are g5]ally held once a mon?2 c]ta9ly !re is ord9>ily no occasion = ! committee to be call$ m (t51 & 9 "s t[ns a qu>t]ly meet+ is f\nd to be suffici5t4 ,a *airman %\ld be elect$ annually by ! committee2 he %\ld inv>iably be a ,c\ncil memb]1 z he is ! natural repres5tative ( ! committee on ! ,c\ncil2 b ! vice-*airman may fitt+ly be a co-opt$ memb]4 ,! pr9ciple ( a con/ant *ange ( *airm51 adopt$ 9 "s ,c\ncils1 is a bad "o on a ,libr>y ,committee1 z ! "w is q diff]5t1 9 _m respects1 f o!r dep>tm5ts ( ! public s]vice1 & k & exp]i5ce are requir$ if a s\nd & consi/5t libr>y policy is to be pursu$4 ,?is is impossible "u a sy/em 9 :i* *airm5 come & g annually4 ,! same rem>ks apply to ! committee z a :ole2 its p]sonnel %\ld rema9 reasonably /able4 ,?ree memb]s %\ld =m a quorum4 ,! committee %\ld control its own cl]k1 :o ought to be ! libr>ian1 al?\gh1 z we h impli$1 ?is is by no means g5]ally ! case1 &1 inde$1 is sometimes impossible "u ! /&+ ord]s ( ! ,c\ncil4 ,! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts require t a sep>ate acc\nt be kept ( receipts & exp5diture f ! libr>y rate1 & libr>y committees %\ld see t ?is is done 9 all cases :]e ! acc\nts are kept & paym5ts made by ! ,c\ncil (ficials4 #bc4 ,duties ( ,committees4--,to a consid]able ext5t ^! are fix$ by ! delegation ( p[]s grant$ & ! /&+ ord]s adopt$4 ,b !re are c]ta9 broad pr9ciples :i* %\ld be obs]v$ by libr>y committees 9 ! ultimate int]e/ ( _! "w4 ,! *ief ( ^! is t ! committee is conc]n$ r ) libr>y policy ?an ) libr>y adm9i/ration2 ) :at %all be done r ?an ) h[ x %all be done4 ,! adm9i/ration1 plann+1 arrangem5t1 me?ods1 etc41 ( a libr>y are te*nical matt]s purely app]ta9+ to ! libr>ian2 & _m libr>ies are /ultifi$ by well-meant & consci5ti\s int]f]5ce 9 details ( ?is "* by libr>y committees4 ,! committee has ! "r1 & x is its duty1 to expect ! results ( its policy to be visibly effective 9 ! libr>y s]vice1 b x %\ld confide ! means ( obta9+ ^? results to its libr>ian2 only 9 ?is way c ! special tra9+ :i* libr>ians n[ br+ to _! "w be made ( maximum use to ! community4 ,) ! modifications impli$ 9 ^! pr9ciples ! duties ( ! committee cov]3 #a4 ,g5]al ov]sight ( build+s1 /aff & ! "w ( ! v>i\s dep>tm5ts ( ! libr>y4 #b4 ,c>eful sup]vision ( ! selection ( books4 #c4 ,compilation & revision ( public rules & regulations4 #d4 ,regul> *eck+ ( acc\nts & exp5ditures1 includ+ ^? ( all (fic]s4 #e4 ,regul> meet+s on fix$ dates4 #f4 ,e memb] ( committee %\ld become acqua9t$ ) ! elem5ts ( public libr>y adm9i/ration1 & = ?is purpose %\ld possess copies ( all ! live ,acts ( ,p>liam5t4 #bd4 ,to cov] ! "w effectively1 v>i\s sub-committees are necess>y1 :i* %\ld be small1 b l>ge en\gh to give ea* memb] ( ! committee an actual int]e/ 9 "s def9ite dep>tm5t ( libr>y "w4 ,usually ! sub-committees appo9t$ include a ,book ,sub-,committee1 :i* und]takes ! exam9+ ( all li/s ( books sugge/$ = pur*ase2 an ,acc\nts ,sub-,committee1 to :i* all f9ancial matt]s are committ$2 & a ,/aff ,sub-,committee1 :i* is conc]n$ ) ! appo9tm5t1 dismissal1 remun]ation1 & tra9+ ( ! employees4 ,"s ( ! l>ge libr>ies h a ,build+s ,sub-,committee to regulate ! prop] ma9t5ance ( libr>y prop]ties2 ,lectures & ,ext5sion ,sub-,committee2 ,bran*es ,sub-,committee2 & su* o!r gr\p+s z ! local circum/ances w>rant4 ,9 mo/ cases1 h[ev]1 ! ne$s ( ! au?ority are met by ! ?ree sub-committees fir/-nam$2 & ! multiply+ ( sub-committees is n desirable :]e !re is n en\gh bus9ess to keep !m int]e/$ & occupi$4 ,,bibliography #be4 ,adoption ( ,acts3 ,fov>gue1 ,h4 ,w4 ,adoption ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts 9 ,engl& & ,wales4 #ahif4 7,l4,a4 ,s]ies1 ,no4 #g47 ,gre5wood1 ,t4 ,public ,libr>ies1 #ahia1 p4 #gf4 ,libr>y ,association4 ,! ,e/abli%m5t ( ,public ,libr>ies1 #aiji4 ,"l1 ,j4 ,e4 ,! ,free ,public ,libr>y4 ,prepr9t ( ,a4,l4,a41 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ41 *apt] vi41 #aiad4 ,wire1 ,g4 ,e4 ,h[ to ,/>t a ,public ,libr>y4 #aijb4 7,a4,l4,a4 ,tracts1 ,no4 #b47 #bf4 ,committees & ,tru/ees3 ,bo/wick1 ,a4 ,e4 ,adm9i/ration ( a ,public ,libr>y4 ,prepr9t ( ,a4,l4,a41 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ41 *apt] xii41 #aiaa4 ,gre5wood1 ,t4 ,public ,libr>y ,committees4 ,9 8 ,public ,libr>ies1 #ahid1 p4 #ceb4 ,notes = ,libr>y ,committees4 ,9 ,gre5wood's ,ye> ,book1 #aijj1 p4 #a4 ,h>dy1 ,e4 ,a4 ,! ,public ,libr>y1 *apt] v41 p4 #ajc4 ,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,b]wick4 ,! ,libr>y ,committee3 its ,"* & ,"w4 #aiad4 7,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association ,s]ies1 ,no4 #f47 ,wynkoop1 ,asa4 ,commissions1 ,/ate ,aid1 & ,/ate ,ag5cies4 ,prepr9t ( ,a4,l4,a41 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ41 *apt] xxvii41 #aiac4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,e #a-c1 ,libr>y ,organization & ,adm9i/ration2 ,e #h-ab1 ,p]sonnel1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,f9ance1 ,,loans ,,& ,,acc\nts #bg4 ,! ,libr>y ,rate4--,! g5]al libr>y ,acts pass$ = ,irel&1 ,scotl& & ,engl& all limit ! am\nt to be rais$ by rate = libr>y purposes to "o p5ny 9 ! p\nd on ! annual rateable r5tal ( all prop]ties )9 ! areas1 ) c]ta9 exceptions or modifications z to g>d5s & agricultural l&s4 ,great d\bt exi/s z to :at is meant by a p5ny rate & on :at value x is to be levi$4 ,"s au?orities ma9ta9 t ! income f a p5ny rate c only repres5t ! net sum realiz$ by a p5ny on ! rateable value1 aft] all d$uctions h be5 made on acc\nt ( empty h\ses & o!r irrecov]able items4 ,aga9/ ?is may be set ! actual practice 9 sev]al places1 ( pay+ ov] ! full sum :i* a p5ny rate on ! nom9al rateable value w\ld produce1 )\t any d$uctions :atsoev]4 ,z ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts h plac$ a limitation on ! am\nt ( ! libr>y rate1 x may be assum$ t ! libr>ies 7 int5d$ to b5efit to ! full ext5t ( ! rateable value4 ,at any rate ! ,acts are sil5t on ! po9t1 & practice diff]s s mu* t x is fair to say t a public libr>y1 because ( ! pres5t limitation1 & because "s places n[ give ! full product1 is entitl$ to ! full am\nt :i* a p5ny rate w\ld yield :5 calculat$ on ! full rateable value ( ! t[n or di/rict1 )\t d$uction ( any k9d1 ei!r = unproductive prop]ties or co/ ( collection4 ,x has be5 decid$ t no d$uction c be made f ! income produc$ by ! libr>y rate on acc\nt ( ! co/ ( collection1 & z ?is rate is n[ collect$ z "p ( a g5]al or o!r unlimit$ rate1 x seems unfair to saddle x ) any "p ( ! co/ ( collection4 ,if x 7 collect$ z a sep>ate rate1 or ) rates simil>ly limit$ by ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 ! position w\ld be diff]5t4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! am\nt paid ov] to public libr>ies & ! actual sums :i* w\ld be produc$ 7 ! rate *>g$ on ! full rateable value is sometimes consid]able4 ,! losses range f ov] #bj to #e p] c5t41 & ?us a consid]able limit is plac$ ^u ! book-pur*as+ p[] ( a l>ge numb] ( libr>ies4 #bh4 ,unexp5d$ ,balances4--,9 "s places ! local au?ority has appropriat$ unexp5d$ balances ( ! public libr>y rate & appli$ !m to o!r local purposes4 ,?is action is cle>ly illegal1 & c\ld only h be5 tak5 by ^? :o are ignorant ( ! decisions ( ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d on ! po9t4 ,x is true ! ,acts d n specify h[ unexp5d$ balances ( ! libr>y rate are to be dealt )1 b x is equally true t z ! money 0 rais$ "u a special ,act = a /rictly def9$ purpose1 x _c be div]t$ to any o!r purpose1 nor c x be c>ri$ =w>d z a portion ( ! libr>y rate = a succe$+ ye>4 ,no d\bt ! word+ ( ! ,act is responsible = ! int]pretation :i* has be5 put ^u ! section entitl$ 8,limitations on exp5diture = purpose ( ,act40 ,x reads3 8,a rate or addition to a rate %all n be levi$ = ! purposes ( ?is ,act = any "o f9ancial ye> 9 any libr>y di/rict to an am\nt exce$+ "o p5ny 9 ! p\nd40 ,! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d h decid$ t any unexp5d$ balances ( ! libr>y income mu/ be c>ri$ =w>d to next ye>'s libr>y acc\nt1 )\t prejudice to ! next ye>'s libr>y income4 ,?is decision has be5 upheld by all ! di/rict auditors ( ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 & x is difficult to und]/& ! reason :y a few places /ill cl+ to ! belief t ! libr>y rate c be fur!r limit$ by ?is illegal proc$ure ( appropriat+ unexp5d$ balances4 ,committees :o are ?reat5$ ) ?is action c always protect !mselves aga9/ ! inju/ice by tak+ c>e t !re are no balances to appropriate2 b x w prev5t !m f sav+ a little money = necess>y book pur*ases1 clean+ or o!r purposes4 ,x %\ld be po9t$ out1 fur!rmore1 t ! section ( ! ,act above quot$ does n really ref] to ! total am\nt to be rais$ by rate 9 a giv5 ye>1 b only to ! p\ndage or rate :i* may be *>g$ = libr>y purposes1 namely1 n m ?an a p5ny 9 ! p\nd4 ,! "q ( ! product ( ?is rate ( a p5ny is n m5tion$ any:]e 9 ! ,acts1 & x is ?is lack ( cle> def9ition--! failure to di/+ui% ! am\nt ( a rate f ! total am\nt :i* x w produce annually--:i* is responsible = _m ( ! difficulties hi!rto met ) 9 adm9i/]+ ! ,libr>ies ,acts4 #bi4 ,annual ,e/imates4--,! ,scot* pr9cipal ,act is ! only "o :i* requires an annual e/imate or budget to be prep>$ by ! libr>y au?ority = ! in=mation ( ! local au?ority4 ,section #cj ( ! ,act ( #ahhg provides t 8,! ,committee %all 9 ! mon? ( ,april 9 e ye> make up1 or cause to be made up1 an e/imate ( ! sums requir$ 9 ord] to defray ! int]e/ ( any money borr[$1 ! paym5t ( ! s9k+ fund1 & ! exp5se ( ma9ta9+ & manag+ all libr>ies & museums "u its control = ! ye> aft] ,:itsunday !n next to come1 & = ! purpose ( pur*as+ ! books1 articles & ?+s au?oriz$ by ?is ,act10 etc4 ,?is e/imate has to be submitt$ to ! local au?ority1 :o 8%all provide ! am\nt requir$ out ( ! libr>y rate to be levi$ by x1 & %all pay ov] to ! committee ! sum necess>y = ! annual exp5diture by x 9 t]ms ( its e/imate40 ,by ! /&+ ord]s ( mo/ local au?orities ye>ly or half-ye>ly e/imates h to be prep>$ & submitt$ by ! v>i\s committees1 & z practice v>ies ev]y:]e1 x w be well = ! libr>y au?ority to foll[ ! local practice4 #cj4 ,local circum/ances alt] ! conditions mat]ially 9 e place1 & hi!rto !re has be5 a lack ( uni=mity 9 pres5t+ f9ancial /atem5ts :i* makes any attempt to produce a model budget to be suspect4 ,! =m ( ! /atem5t is (t5 gov]n$ by ! practice ( ! ,bor\gh ,acc\ntant1 :o arranges ! ord] ( items 9 accordance ) 8 own views2 b :]ev] x is possible to d s1 x w\ld be well if ! =m ( annual e/imate con=m$ ) ! ord] adopt$ 9 ! report made by ,pr(essor ,w4 ,g4 ,s4 ,adams to ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ 9 #aiae1 ,on ,libr>y ,provision & ,policy1 :i* w\ld arrange 9 "s su* ord] z 9 ! table on page #df4 ,ea* ( ^! items w probably ne$ analysis1 & ! ord] giv5 "h may be inv]t$2 inde$1 ! =m %[n is m]ely meant to be sugge/ive & to %[ ! nature ( ! in=mation :i* ! ,c\ncil usually requires :5 x is consid]+ ! annual e/imates4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,,public ,,libr>y ,,committee ,,e/imate1 #aiai4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,exp5diture4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,actual ,e/imate ,actual ,e/imate #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiah4 #aiai4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #a4 #hig;,books & ,b9d+ #ijj #iaj #ibj #b4 #cjj,newspap]s & ,p]iodicals #cej #chj #chj #c4 etc4,sal>ies & ,wages 44 44 44 #d4 ,r5t & ,loans 44 44 44 #e4 ,rates & ,taxes 44 44 44 #f4 ,ma9t5ance3 44 44 44 #g4 ,light+ 44 44 44 #h4 ,heat+ 44 44 44 #i4 ,clean+ 44 44 44 #aj4 ,balance 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,income ---------------------------------------- ------------------ #a4 ,f #j;d4 rate 44 44 44 #b4 ,f o!r s\rces 44 44 44 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,fig4 #a4--;,=m = ,annual ,e/imates4 #ca4 ,! di/ribution ( ! income ov] ! v>i\s items is aga9 subject to local circum/ances2 b1 ?anks to ! inquiry ( ,pr(essor ,adams1 a table ( comp>ative di/ribution ( income drawn f ! figures ( ab\t #ejj libr>y sy/ems ?r\gh\t ! k+dom has be5 publi%$1 :i* gives ! be/ in=mation at pres5t available4 ,x is qualifi$ by ! facts we h emphasiz$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph1 & /ill m by ! *ang$ conditions :i* result f ! ,european ,w>1 :i* h increas$ su* items z sal>ies1 & r$uc$ ! book-pur*as+ 7& inde$ e o!r pur*as+7 p[] ( libr>ies consid]ably4 ,we give ! table ( p]c5tages ( exp5diture = libr>ies )1 & )\t1 loans1 m]ely rem>k+ t x may s]ve z a r\gh guide by :i* libr>y committees may "w4 ,aga91 ! libr>ian1 9 submitt+ 8 budget = ! use ( 8 committee1 w analyse ! items into g5]al adm9i/rative1 c5tral1 ref]5ce & bran* libr>ies' exp5diture1 & "u ea* w %[ sal>ies z di/9ct f wages paid = unskill$ s]vice2 & books w be divid$ into 8new10 8replacem5ts10 etc42 p]iodicals into ^? fil$ p]man5tly & o!rs2 ma9t5ance *>ges into build+ exp5ses1 furniture & fitt+s1 /ation]y1 repairs to fabric & furniture1 & s on4 ,! ,c\ncil z a rule does n require s detail$ a /atem5t4 ,,classifi$ ,,p]c5tages ,,( ,,libr>y ,,exp5diture ,,libr>ies ,,) ,,loan ,,*>ges4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,p]i- ,o!r ,items1 ,books odicals ,r5ts ,rates includ+ ,income4 & & ,sala- & & ,ma9t5ance ,total ,b9d+4 ,news- ries4 ,loans4,taxes4( ,premises1 pap]s4 ,light1 ,heat1 c4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #hjjj ov] #aijf #dif #cge #aedf #bda #bjeh #iiig #djjj-hjjj #ahha #eca #ciif #abed #aha #baee #iiih #cjjj-djjj #agig #fjg #dagd #agdb #aji #aefh #iiig #bjjj-cjjj #aiec #fdd #cicc #ace #bch #ahgh #iiif #aejj-bjjj #baji #fbd #cghg #acac #bc #aija #iifd #ajjj-aejj #aijg #gdc #cgah #afdg #bba #agfb #iiih #gej-ajjj #ageh #gha #chig #ajh #bbb #bbf #iihf #ejj- #gej #agee #ajhh #cfcb #aaha #caj #bjbb #iihh #bej- #ejj #acab #ajbe #chi #aeji #djj #ahfa #iiig #ajj- #bej #afca #acac #ccfc #baca #cad #abde #iiig ,"u #ajj #adcb #afae #behd #bddh #bff #aieb #iiig ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,libr>ies ,,)\t ,,loan ,,*>ges4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,p]i- ,o!r ,items1 ,books odicals ,r5ts ,rates includ+ ,income4 & & ,sala- & & ,ma9t5ance ,total ,b9d+4 ,news- ries4 ,loans4,taxes4( ,premises1 pap]s4 ,light1 ,heat1 c4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- #ajjj ov] #aiic #fcg #cibb 44 #bjc #cbdc #iiih #gej-ajjj #bed #gie #ddag 44 #caf #aibi #iiig #ejj- #gej #bjca #iih #dedi 44 #chf #bjbc #iiig #djj- #ejj #ahdh #ajjg #djij 44 #eha #bdf #iihf #cjj- #djj #aei #abca #dfia 44 #bi #bai #iiib #bjj- #cjj #agac #acbe #dbih 44 #djj #bbfa #iiig #ajj- #bjj #afb #aeff #dea 44 #bed #bjdg #iiig #ej- #ajj #bjaf #aehb #cdbi 44 #efh #bdjb #iiig ,"u #ej #bhfe #bahe #cfdf 44 #bbf #ajge #iiig ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,,fig4 #b4--,returns compil$ f ,pr(essor ,adams' ,report on ,libr>y ,provision & ,policy ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 ,sec4 #ca4 #cb4 ,we mu/ consid] 9 "s detail ! pr9cipal exp5ditures to :i* libr>y committees are subject4 #cc4 ,loans4--,! ,libr>ies ,acts give fairly full in/ructions z to loans = public libr>y purposes4 ,9 ,engl& "u ! pr9cipal ,act 8e libr>y au?ority1 ) ! sanction ( ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d 4 4 4 may borr[ money = ! purposes ( ?is ,act on ! security ( any fund or rate applicable = ^? purposes40 ,9 p>i%es ! regulations = borr[+ prescrib$ by ! 8,local ,gov]nm5t ,act1 #ahid10 are to apply4 ,z a prelim9>y to borr[+1 an inquiry is held locally by a ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d inspector1 :o receives evid5ce z to propos$ build+s1 sites1 am\nt requir$1 etc41 & also he>s objections to ! proposal4 ,! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d pr9t bills ann\nc+ ! inquiry1 & ^! mu/ be po/$ & paid = by ! libr>y au?ority4 ,at su* inquiries full p>ticul>s %\ld be prep>$ z to income1 date ( adopt+ ,acts1 etc41 z well z p>ticul>s ( ! propos$ s*eme4 ,aft] ! inquiry is held x is g5]ally ab\t ?ree mon?s lat] be=e ! sanction ( ! ,bo>d is receiv$4 ,?is /ates ! am\nt sanction$ & = :at p]iod ! money c be borr[$ = sites1 build+s1 furniture or books1 z ! case may be4 ,! security = loans is decl>$ by ! 8,public ,heal? ,act1 #ahge10 ,section #bcc1 to be ! 8cr$it ( any fund or all or any rates or rate out ( :i* !y are au?oriz$ to defray exp5ses incurr$ by !m 9 ! execution ( ?is ,act40 ,& x is fur!r laid d[n t 8!y may mortgage to ! p]sons by or on behalf ( :om su* sums are advanc$ any su* fund or rates or rate40 ,x ?us appe>s t nei!r libr>y build+s nor ! libr>y rate c be mortgag$ = ! purposes ( libr>y loans1 b only ! rate or rates out ( :i* ! exp5ses ( ! ,public ,heal? ,act are paid4 ,?is practically means ! g5]al rate ( a di/rict4 #cd4 ,! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d w fix ! p]iod = :i* sums ( money = p>ticul> purposes may be borr[$4 ,g5]ally ! p]iods are z foll[s3 ,= sites or l&s #fj or #ej ye>s4 build+s 7includ+ fixtures l c\nt]s1 scre5s1 wall & /&>d bookcases1 wall newspap] slopes1 b>ri]s1 etc47 #cj ye>s4#a books #aj furniture 7tables1 *airs1 desks1 & movable furniture only7 #aj #a ,a loan = pur*as+ an exi/+ build+ w n be sanction$ by ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d = a p]iod exce$+ tw5ty or tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,! money may be borr[$ f ! ,public ,works ,loan ,commission]s1 ,c\nty ,c\ncils1 ,banks1 ,fri5dly ,societies or private individuals4 ,! rate ( int]e/ v>ies1 accord+ to ! /ate ( ! money m>ket4 ,f\r p] c5t4 may be reg>d$ z an av]age int]e/ at pres5t1 b libr>y au?orities h borr[$ = z l[ z #c p] c5t4 #ce4 ,! me?ods ( repaym5t v>y1 & ?is mu/ be entirely a matt] = local arrangem5t1 & %\ld foll[ ! practice 9 vogue ) o!r municipal loans4 ,an equaliz$ repaym5t ( pr9cipal & int]e/ on ! annuity sy/em has ! advantage ( di/ribut+ ! paym5ts uni=mly ov] ! :ole p]iod1 & ( plac+ "p ( ! burd5 on succe$+ ratepay]s z well z ^u ^? :o e/abli% ! libr>y4 ,?is is mu* fair] ?an mak+ ! pione] ratepay]s practically be> ! :ole f\ndation co/ ( e/abli%+ an in/itution :i* increases 9 its value to ! community z x progresses4 ,on ! o!r h&1 build+s are sure to depreciate 9 value1 & ! "q ( repairs is a con/ant "o1 s t "s au?orities ma9ta9 t loans on /ructures %\ld be paid (f by annually dim9i%+ in/alm5ts ( pr9cipal & int]e/4 ,9 ,scotl& repaym5ts ( pr9cipal mu/ be made f a s9k+ fund :i* is to be =m$ f a c]ta9 proportion ( ! rate put aside annually4 ,! arrangem5ts = negotiat+ a loan & draw+ up ! necess>y de$s %\ld be plac$ 9 ! h&s ( a solicitor1 b 9 _m cases ! acc\ntant or t[n cl]k ( ! di/rict is responsible = all arrangem5ts1 & w see t ! de$ is duly seal$ z prescrib$ by ! ,act4 ,9 connexion ) ?is x %\ld be not$ t by ,section #bcg ( ! 8,public ,heal? ,act1 #ahge10 a regi/] ( ! mortgages on ea* rate mu/ be kept1 & t 8)9 f\rte5 days aft] ! date ( any mortgage an entry %all be made 9 ! regi/] ( ! numb] & date !re(1 & ( ! names & description ( ! p>ties !reto1 z /at$ 9 ! de$40 ,fur!rmore1 8e su* regi/] %all be op5 to public inspection dur+ (fice h\rs at ! said (fice local au?ority's (fice )\t fee or rew>d40 ,z ! auditor w call = ?is regi/]1 ! cl]k to ! libr>y au?ority %\ld see t x is provid$1 if ! local au?ority has n already done s4 #cf4 ,! arrangem5ts = loans 9 ,irel& & ,scotl& are some:at simil> to ^? j describ$4 ,9 ,irel& no p[] to borr[ 0 giv5 "u ! pr9cipal ,act1 b ! ,am5dm5t ,act ( #ahgg gives ! p[]1 provid$ ! commission]s ( ,8 ,maje/y's ,treasury approve4 ,! ,commission]s ( ,public ,works 9 ,irel& may l5d1 & p[] is giv5 to mortgage1 z security1 ei!r ! bor\gh fund1 t[n fund1 or ! libr>y rate itself4 ,9 ,scotl& ! local au?ority may borr[1 )\t any o!r cons5t1 on mortgage or bond on ! security ( ! libr>y rate1 a sum or sums n exce$+ ! capital sum repres5t$ by "o-f\r? "p ( ! libr>y rate1 capitaliz$ at ! rate ( tw5ty ye>s' pur*ase ( su* sum4 ,a s9k+ fund mu/ be =m$1 consi/+ ( an annual sum equal to "o-fiftie? "p ( ! money borr[$1 :i* is to be inve/$ & appli$ to ! purpose ( ext+ui%+ ! debt4 ,be=e leav+ ! "q ( loans1 x may be well to (f] a ^w ( w>n+ aga9/ ! dang] ( ov]borr[+1 :i* has v s]i\sly crippl$ ! "w ( v>i\s libr>ies4 ,9 "s places z mu* z "o-half ! libr>y income has to be devot$ to ! repaym5t ( pr9cipal & int]e/ ( loans2 9 o!rs1 "o-?ird is simil>ly sp5t4 ,"o-f\r? is ! maximum :i* 9 any case %\ld be set ap>t = ! purpose4 #cg4 ,assessm5t to ,rates & ,taxes4--,! assessm5t ( public libr>y build+s to rates & taxes has be5 = long a burn+ "q1 & is /ill f> f f9al settlem5t4 ,! limitation ( ! libr>y rate to a p5ny 9 ! p\nd has always be5 consid]$ by libr>y au?orities a /rong reason :y all additional burd5s on ! meagre income rais$ !reby %\ld be resi/$4 ,b all local au?orities & assessm5t committees did n ?9k likewise1 & a good deal ( friction result$4 ,9 #ahdc 0 pass$ 8,an ,act to exempt f ,c\nty1 ,bor\gh1 ,p>o*ial1 & o!r ,local ,rates1 ,l& & ,build+s occupi$ by ,sci5tific or ,lit]>y ,societies10 #f #g ,vict41 c4 #cf1 "u :i* a few public libr>ies obta9$ c]tificates ( exemption f ! paym5t ( local rates1 f ! ,regi/r> ( ,fri5dly ,societies1 z all[$ by ?is ,act4 ,"s ( ^! c]tificates 7 recogniz$ by ! rat+ au?orities1 o!rs 7 ignor$1 & x 0 frequ5tly ma9ta9$ t a public libr>y 0 n a sci5tific or lit]>y society )9 ! mean+ ( ! ,act4 ,9 #ahif1 h[ev]1 a complete *ange took place z reg>ds ?is po9t1 by a decision ( ! ,h\se ( ,lords1 :i* rul$ t public libr>ies 7 lit]>y societies or in/itutions = ! purposes ( ! 8,income ,tax ,act ( #ahdb10 "u :i* su* in/itutions 7 grant$ exemption f ! paym5t ( income tax4 ,al?\gh ! case1 br\ght by ! ,corporation ( ,man*e/] aga9/ ! ,surveyor ( ,income ,tax = ,man*e/]1 did n directly ref] to ! ,act ( #ahdc1 ! decision t public libr>ies 7 lit]>y in/itutions effect$ all t 0 necess>y = ! purpose ( claim+ exemption f local rates "u ! 8,lit]>y ,societies ,act ( #ahdc40 ,a full report ( ?is case & decision is pr9t$ 9 ! ,libr>y = #ahif1 9 ! ,times law reports & else:]e4 ,! effect ( ?is decision 0 to remove any d\bt f ! m9d ( ! ,regi/r> ( ,fri5dly ,societies1 :o has p[] "u ! ,act to grant c]tificates exempt+ public libr>ies f ! paym5t ( local rates1 & z a result _m libr>ies obta9$ c]tificates1 & n[ enjoy complete or p>tial exemption4 ,x is n necess>y to quote ! ,act ( #ahdc1 :i* c be obta9$ = "o p5ny f ! ,k+'s pr9t]s1 b ! proc$ure requisite = obta9+ a c]tificate ( exemption may be not$4 #ch4 ,an application claim+ exemption "u ! #ahdc ,act mu/ be address$ to ! ,regi/r> ( ,fri5dly ,societies at ,london1 ,ed9burgh or ,dubl91 z ! case may require4 ,) ?is mu/ be enclos$ a copy ( ! rules & regulations ( ! libr>y1 sign$ by ! *airman & ?ree memb]s ( committee1 & c\nt]sign$ by ! cl]k or libr>ian4 ,^! rules mu/ include ! foll[+1 or o!rs 9 simil> t]ms3-- #a4 8,! ---- ,public ,libr>y is a society e/abli%$ = purposes ( lit]ature & sci5ce exclusively40 #b4 8,! libr>y is support$ 9 "p by a rate levi$ 9 accordance ) ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 & 9 "p by annual volunt>y contributions ( money & gifts ( books & p]iodicals4 ,! ,libr>y ,committee %all n make any divid5d1 gift1 division or bonus 9 money unto or betwe5 any ( ! memb]s40 ,^! two rules are absolutely necess>y to a successful application1 &1 if n already incorporat$1 %\ld be includ$ by special resolution ( ! libr>y au?ority be=e application is made4 ,x is be/ to s5d pr9t$ copies ( ! rules1 & x %\ld be not$ t ?ree id5tical copies1 all sign$1 mu/ be s5t4 ,on ^! ! regi/r> endorses 8 c]tificate1 & s5ds "o to ! ,cl]k ( ! ,peace = ! di/rict1 "o to ! libr>y au?ority1 & reta9s "o4 ,! =m ( c]tificate usually atta*$ is z foll[s3 ,x is h]eby c]tifi$ t ?is society is entitl$ to ! b5efit ( ! ,act #f #g ,vict41 c4 #cf1 intitul$ 8,an ,act to exempt f ,c\nty1 ,bor\gh1 ,p>o*ial & o!r ,local ,rates1 ,l&s & ,build+s occupi$ by ,sci5tific or ,lit]>y ,societies40 ,date4 _/ _/ ,seal ( ,regi/ry ( ,fri5dly _/ ,societies4_/ _/ ,! application %\ld %[ t annual volunt>y contributions ( money1 books & p]iodicals are receiv$1 b !re is no direction laid d[n z to ! am\nt ( volunt>y contributions :i* w pass mu/]4 ,! po9t is some:at vague1 b x may be assum$ t ! am\nt receiv$ f gifts1 subscriptions1 sales1 books1 p]iodicals1 etc41 ne$ n =m a sub/antial proportion ( ! income4 ,z ! ,engli% ,regi/r> accepts donations 9 k9d z annual volunt>y contributions1 x is only necess>y to value ^! to make up a respectable sum4 #ci4 ,c]tificates are n grant$ z a rule 9 cases :]e a *>ge = admission is made4 ,fur!rmore1 x is d\btful if ! exemption f local rates w\ld be all[$ by ho/ile local au?orities = any occupi$ portions ( libr>y build+s4 ,a c>etak]'s or libr>ian's resid5ce w\ld 9 all probability be sep>ately assess$1 if ! c]tificate 7 o!rwise recogniz$4 ,by a decision ( a ,c\rt ( ,qu>t] ,sessions at ,liv]pool 9 #aije1 x has be5 decid$ t ! ,corporation ( ,liv]pool is liable = local rates on a libr>y build+2 b x is n possible to say h[ f> ?is may affect libr>ies hold+ ^! c]tificates4 ,legislation is p5d+1 & till some?+ is def9itely settl$1 ! "q mu/ rema9 op54 #dj4 ,! ,h\se ( ,lords' decision already notic$ also fre$ public libr>y build+s f income tax1 b x %\ld be di/9ctly und]/ood t inhabit$ h\se duty c be *>g$ = ! :ole ( a build+1 ev5 if only p>tly occupi$ z a resid5ce1 :5 includ$ "u "o ro(1 unless x c be %[n t ! libr>y & resid5ce d n communicate directly ) ea* o!r4 #da4 ,insurance4--,libr>y build+s & _! cont5ts %\ld be fully insur$ aga9/ fire4 ,to asc]ta9 insurable value take ! co/ ( build+s at ! contract price1 includ+ all *>ges :i* w\ld h to be incurr$ aga9 = rebuild+2 furniture at ! contract price2 l5d+ libr>y books at #cs4 #d;d4 p] volume all ov]2 & ref]5ce libr>y books at #es4 p] volume all ov]1 & ?us obta9 a total4 ,an all[ance is sometimes made = depreciation1 b a full cov]+ value is always safe4 ,! policy w /ate ^! v>i\s items sep>ately = ! purposes ( insurance1 b w likely *>ge a uni=m p]c5tage on all4 #as4 #f;d4 p] c5t4 is a fair *>ge 9 a good (fice1 b insurances c be effect$ = z l[ z #as4 #c;d4 p] c5t4 ,libr>y build+s =m a safe risk1 & unless 9 a case ( tempor>y premises ) bad surr\nd+s1 #as4 #f;d4 p] c5t4 %\ld be reg>d$ z a maximum *>ge4 ,"s (fices return ! premium once 9 five ye>s or s by way ( bonus4 ,insurance policies %\ld be revis$ e few ye>s to keep pace ) ! gr[? ( ! libr>y4 ,pa9t+s1 valuable ,,mss4 & r>e books mu/ be made ! subject ( special insurances4 ,! same may be said ( tempor>y exhibitions1 especially ( loan articles1 :i* ought to be cov]$ by a policy = ! p]iod ( ! %[4 ,pl5ty ( fire-buckets %\ld be provid$ 9 public libr>y build+s to cope ) ! fir/ outbreak ( fire4 ,hydrants1 save 9 l>ge build+s1 are n necess>y1 on acc\nt ( _! co/ & practical inutility4 ,if a fire _c be *eck$ at its onset by means ( buckets1 x is "t to r+ up ! fire-brigade4 #db4 ,ano!r insurance t %\ld be provid$ is aga9/ claims = damage or injury to *ildr5 :o use juv5ile dep>tm5ts :i* may be caus$ ?r\gh any defect 9 ! build+ or its fitt+s2 & 9 connexion !re) x %\ld be rememb]$ t *ildr5 _c legally be held contributory by _! c>elessness or misbehavi\r to su* accid5ts z w\ld cause injury4 #dc4 ,heal? insurance mu/ be paid by ! libr>y committees = all employees ( sixte5 ye>s ( age & m :o e>n less ?an #bej a ye>4 #dd4 ,contracts1 ,agreem5ts1 ,requisitions4--,contracts = regul> supplies %\ld be r5ew$ annually4 ,! pr9cipal items ( ?is k9d are3 ,books1 bookb9d+1 p]iodicals & newspap]s1 pr9t+1 /ation]y1 clean+ mat]ials4 ,local s5tim5t is g5]ally 9 fav\r ( procur+ all supplies locally1 :]e possible1 & :5 ?is c be done )\t absolute disadvantage to ! libr>y x is ! mo/ conv5i5t c\rse4 ,t5d]s c be invit$ ei!r by public adv]tisem5t or on ! nom9ation ( memb]s ( committee & ! libr>ian4 ,to beg9 )1 public adv]tisem5t is1 p]haps1 ! faire/ way2 aft]w>ds1 quality ( s]vice & o!r consid]ations w decide4 ,specifications %\ld be prep>$ & s5t out accord+ to requirem5ts4 #de4 ,all specifications & contracts %\ld be c>efully pres]v$4 ,! =m] %\ld be ent]$ up 9 a specification book1 :i* ne$ be b an ord9>y foolscap folio blank book1 rul$ fa9t4 ,accept$ contracts %\ld ei!r be fil$ 9 boxes or gu>d books1 or copi$ into a contracts book simil> to ! specification book4 ,accept$ e/imates = occasional "w %\ld be fa/5$ to ! acc\nts4 ,x is important to be able to lay h&s on any giv5 docum5t or its t]ms )\t ! slighte/ delay4 ,all t5d]s = regul> supplies & e/imates = occasional "w %\ld be op5$ 9 committee1 9 meet+ duly conv5$1 unless by special resolution ! libr>ian or a sub-committee is au?oriz$ to deal ) !m4 ,envelopes1 pr9t$ ) ! address ( ! libr>y & hav+ ! words 8,t5d] = ----0 pr9t$ boldly 9 "o corn]1 %\ld be enclos$ ) all invitations = e/imates to prev5t ! risk ( accid5tal op5+4 #df4 ,9 connexion ) contracts x is important to note t ,public ,libr>y ,committees & (fic]s are subject to ! p5al provisions ( ! 8,public ,bodies ,corrupt ,practices ,act1 #ahhi10 #eb #ec ,vict41 c4 #fi1 9 ! ev5t ( bribes or commissions be+ giv5 or receiv$ 9 connexion ) p5d+ contracts or supplies4 ,z ?is does n seem to be g5]ally kn[n1 ! ess5tial words ( ! ,act are quot$3 8,e p]son :o corruptly solicits or receives1 or agrees to receive1 = himself1 or = any o!r p]son1 any gift1 loan1 fee1 rew>d1 or advantage1 z an inducem5t to any memb]1 (fic]1 or s]vant ( a public body1 do+ or =be>+ to d any?+ 9 respect ( any matt] or transaction 9 :i* su* public body is conc]n$2 & e p]son :o %all1 ) ! l object1 corruptly give1 promise1 or (f] any gift1 loan1 fee1 rew>d1 or advantage to any p]son1 :e!r = ! b5efit ( t p]son or ( ano!r1 %all be guilty ( a misdemean\r4 ,any "o convict$ ( su* an (f5ce %all be liable to imprisonm5t = two ye>s1 or to a f9e ( #ejj1 or to bo? imprisonm5t & f9e2 &1 9 addition1 be liable to pay to su* public body ! am\nt or value ( any gift1 loan1 fee1 or rew>d s receiv$ by him2 & be adjudg$ incapable ( hold+ any public (fice = sev5 ye>s1 & to =feit any su* (fice held by him10 etc4 #dg4 ,,agreem5ts = leases1 loans1 jo9t use ( libr>ies ) adjo9+ au?orities1 or betwe5 committee & libr>ian or o!r p]sons1 %\ld be drawn up by a solicitor4 ,m9or agreem5ts may be drawn up by ! libr>y au?ority1 b !y %\ld all be /amp$ ) a sixp5ny /amp if 9 connexion ) a consid]ation ( #e & ov]4 ,! legal limits )9 :i* agreem5ts betwe5 v>i\s k9ds ( libr>y au?orities c be made are duly set =? 9 ! v>i\s ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 &1 z ^! matt]s seldom arise 9 ! c\rse ( ord9>y libr>y r\t9e1 !re is no ne$ fur!r to consid] ! subject4 #dh4 ,sugge/ions on ,managem5t4--,x is well to keep a book or to provide =ms to enable read]s to make sugge/ions on ! managem5t ( ! libr>y4 ,frequ5tly su* sugge/ions take ! =m ( compla9ts1 b x is a useful ?+ to all[ free opportunity = ! expression ( public op9ion4 ,9 "s libr>ies sep>ate books are kept = propositions ( new books n 9 ! libr>y & sugge/ions on managem5t4 ,a simple =m1 on :i* ! read] c make sugge/ions on managem5t or ( books1 is pref]able4 ,:5 ^! =ms are made readily available1 & are kept 9 public view1 toge!r ) a lock$ box 9 :i* ! slips c be lodg$ ?r\gh a slit 9 ! lid1 !y are mu* m effective z a means ( draw+ sugge/ions ?an special ,,ms4 books :i* h to be ask$ =4 ,a useful =m ( slip is ! foll[+3-- ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>y4 ,i beg to make ! foll[+ sugge/ion 74if a book or p]iodical1 please give publi%] & price473-- 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 ,"n4444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444 ,address44444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444 ,date44444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444 ,please fold across & leave 9 8,sugge/ions0 ,box4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,fig4 #c4--,sugge/ion ,slip4 ,a small lock$ box to conta9 ^!1 & lett]$ on side 8,sugge/ions10 %\ld be provid$4 ,if "o ( ^! boxes is plac$ 9 ea* important dep>tm5t ( ! libr>y1 read]s w be enc\rag$ to air _! views4 ,ev5 if no?+ m valuable %\ld be receiv$ ?an a compla9t ab\t a draught or ! mann] ( ! libr>ian1 x is bett] ?an ! dull indiff]5ce & apa?y :i* are met ) 9 libr>ies :]e read]s are disc\rag$ f tak+ any "p 9 ! adm9i/ration4 ,occasionally "s brilliant1 if impossible1 sugge/ions on managem5t are receiv$ by means ( ^! slips & boxes1 & sugge/ions ( desirable books c always be dep5d$ ^u4 ,e means ( int]e/+ read]s 9 ! "w ( ! libr>y %\ld be adopt$1 & ?is w be f\nd a v effective me?od4 #di4 ,acc\nts4--,by ! pr9cipal ,engli% ,act1 ,section #bj 7#a71 x is orda9$ t 8sep>ate acc\nts %all be kept ( ! receipts & exp5diture "u ?is ,act ( e libr>y au?ority & its (fic]s1 & ^? acc\nts %all be audit$ 9 l mann] & ) ! l incid5ts & consequ5ces1 9 ! case ( a libr>y au?ority be+ an urban au?ority1 & ( its (fic]s1 z ! acc\nts ( ! receipts & exp5diture ( t au?ority & its (fic]s "u ! ,public ,heal? ,acts40 ,9 ,irel& ! same provisions apply1 t is1 libr>y acc\nts are to be kept & audit$ l ^? ( ! local au?ority1 & copies ( ! acc\nts are to be s5t )9 "o mon? aft] audit+ to ! ,"l ,lieut5ant4 ,9 ,scotl& ! acc\nts are to be kept sep>ately 9 special books1 & are to be audit$ by 8"o or m compet5t auditors40 ,9 all cases ! books are to be op5 to public inspection1 & 9 ,scotl& ab/racts ( ! acc\nts are to be ins]t$ 9 "o or m newspap]s publi%$ or circulat$ 9 ! di/rict4 ,no special sy/em ( libr>y book-keep+ has be5 laid d[n1 ! ne>e/ approa* to a =m be+ t prescrib$ by an ord] ( ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 dat$ #bf? ,novemb] #ahib1 = p>i%es ^: libr>y acc\nts are audit$ 9 l mann] to ^? ( ,poor ,law ,gu>dians4 ,9 ,gre5wood's ,public ,libr>ies1 f\r? edition1 #ahid1 pages #cdc-cde1 "s details are giv5 ( ?is sy/em1 & ! fir/ edition ( ?is ,manual also gives specim5s ( =ms1 etc4 #ej4 ,f9ancial ,/atem5t4--,! =m ( f9ancial /atem5t = public libr>ies 9 p>i%es1 prescrib$ by ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 allud$ to 9 ,section #di1 is ! be/ = all purposes4 ,z %[n 9 ! section on ,annual ,e/imates1 x provides = e k9d ( receipt & exp5diture4 ,pr9t$ blanks giv+ ! :ole ( ! items copi$ f ! ,l4,g4,b4 ,ord] ( #ahib h be5 publi%$4 ,9 addition to a blank tabul> =m = %[+ p>ticul>s ( loans1 etc41 ! /atem5t includes spaces = ! und]not$ items1 all duly set out to =m a balance %eet3 ,,f9ancial ,,/atem5t4 ,,receipts4 ,rates4 ,f9es & p5alties4 ,donations & subscriptions4 ,f p>liam5t>y grants4 ,f o!r local au?orities4 ,f sale ( securities 9 :i* s9k+ fund is inve/$4 ,f all o!r s\rces1 specify+ !m4 ,sale ( catalogues1 etc4 etc4 ,,exp5diture4 ,build+s1 repairs1 ma9t5ance4 ,books1 p]iodicals1 etc4 ,sal>ies & remun]ation ( (fic]s & assi/ants4 ,e/abli%m5t *>ges n be=e includ$4 ,loans3 ,pr9cipal repaid ,out ( inve/$ ,s9k+ ,fund4 ,o!rwise4 ,int]e/4 ,paym5ts to o!r local au?orities4 ,o!r exp5diture4 #ea4 ,audit4--,9 cases :]e libr>y acc\nts are audit$ "u ! 8,di/rict ,auditors' ,act1 #ahgi10 x is imp]ative t all ! =ms & consequ5ces %\ld be borne 9 m9d4 ,di/rict auditors h p[] to sur*>ge exp5ditures = items :i* 9 _! op9ion _c be legally incurr$ "u ! provisions ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 & x %\ld also be rememb]$ t ! committee-m5 :o sign ! disput$ *eque are held liable4 ,! p[]s ve/$ 9 libr>y au?orities are s wide t x is v d\btful if "s di/rict auditors are n exce$+ _! au?ority by object+1 z !y h done 9 "s places1 to paym5ts = publications1 subscriptions to societies1 exp5ses ( lectures1 & o!r items4 ,9 cases ( sur*>ge appeal = relief %\ld be made to ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 :5 x is a fir/ (f5ce1 or :5 !re is good gr\nds = *all5g+ ! decision ( ! auditor4 ,! co/ ( audit+ acc\nts is laid d[n 9 ! 8,di/rict ,auditors' ,act1 #ahgi10 accord+ to ! foll[+ scale4 ,! libr>y au?ority is requir$ to pur*ase ! necess>y /amps to cov] ! am\nt3 ,"u #bj #j #e #bj & "u #ej #j #aj #ej #ajj #a #j #ajj #ejj #b #j #ejj #a1jjj #c #j #a1jjj #b1ejj #d #j #b1ejj #e1jjj #e #j #e1jjj #aj1jjj #aj #j #aj1jjj #bj1jjj #ae #j #bj1jjj #ej1jjj #bj #j #ej1jjj #ajj1jjj #cj #j #ajj1jjj & upw>ds #ej #j ,ne$less to say1 v few libr>ies w h to pay m ?an #aj4 ,! *>ges = audit+ by a firm ( *>t]$ acc\ntants are g5]ally accord+ to an agre$ scale4 ,,bibliography #eb4 ,rat+3 ,gre5wood1 ,?omas4 ,public ,libr>ies1 #ahia1 p4 #cgf4 ,adams1 ,w4 ,g4 ,s4 ,report to ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ ( ,libr>y ,provision & ,policy1 #aiae4 ,*amb]s & ,fov>gue4 ,law relat+ to ,public ,libr>ies1 #ahii4 ,cr$l&1 ,w4 ,r4 ,rat+ & ,taxation ( ,public ,libr>ies4 ,9 ,gre5wood's ,ye>-,book1 #ahig1 p4 #de4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,b #ch-dd1 ,taxation1 etc4 #ec4 ,insurance3 ,davis1 ,c4 ,t4 ,fire ,prev5tion & ,insurance4 ,9 ,gre5wood's ,ye>-,book1 #aijj1 p4 #ec4 ,poole1 ,r4 ,b4 ,fires1 ,protection1 ,insurance4 ,u4,s4 ,education ,report1 #ahib-ic1 vol4 i4 p4 #gbd4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,d #df1 ,fire ,prev5tion1 ,insurance4 #ed4 ,acc\nts3 ,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,economy1 ,ed4 #a1 #aijc1 p4 #cj4 ,hopp]1 ,f4 ,f4 ,ord] & ,accession ,dep>tm5t4 ,9 ,a4,l4,a41 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ4 ,prepr9t ( *apt] xvii41 #aiaa4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,e #f-g1 ,acc\nts4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,mat]ial ,,( ,,! ,,annual ,,report4 ,,/ati/ics1 ,,work+ ,,records4 ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,annual ,,report #ee4 ,/ati/ical ,me?ods4--,x seems desirable to describe "h1 z be+ conc]n$ ) committee "w1 ! v>i\s /ati/ical & o!r me?ods adopt$ to %[ ! op]ations ( ! libr>y4 ,e bus9ess conc]n ( any consequ5ce has :at approximates to a /ati/ical dep>tm5t1 9 :i* records are kept & analys$ ( e transaction ( ! bus9ess1 & f ^! useful d$uctions are made4 ,su* /ati/ics1 ) ! necess>y proviso t ! keep+ ( !m %\ld n imp$e m obvi\s "w1 are desirable = libr>ies1 & al?\gh !y are necess>ily ( a quantitative r ?an qualitative "*1 !y are nev]!less ( value z %[+ ! use made ( ! sev]al dep>tm5ts & ( ! v>i\s classes ( ! /ock4 ,/ati/ics usually kept include3 ! /ock2 accessions2 ! issue ( books & mat]ial 9 ea* dep>tm5t accord+ to _! classes2 ! numb] ( read]s' tickets 9 =ce2 & ! att5dances at ! read+ rooms4 ,sometimes records are kept ( ! occupations & ages ( read]s1 & ! w>ds f :i* !y are drawn4 ,hi!rto all ^! /ati/ics h be5 ( d\btful comp>ative value1 ow+ to ! great div]g5ce 9 ! me?ods ( computation adopt$1 & ! me?ods ( adm9i/]+ ! libr>y h a def9ite effect ^u ! resultant figures4 ,= example1 9 ! few libr>ies :]e s brief a "t z a week is all[$ = ! read+ ( a volume1 ! issue figures w be high] ?an 9 ^? :]e a =tnight or m is all[$4 ,!n1 ! am\nts *>g$ z f9es = undue det5tion ( books1 rang+ f #a;d4 a week or "p ( a week to #a;d4 a day beyond ! "t all[$1 make a diff]5ce ( "s mom5t4 ,aga91 9 "s libr>ies x is usual to record ! numb] ( borr[]s cont9u\sly1 only c\nt+ (f ! laps$ tickets1 :ile 9 o!rs only ^? borr[]s :o are actually us+ ! libr>ies )9 ! ye> are c\nt$4 ,x w\ld be well if an ef=t 7 made to /&>dize all ^! me?ods4 ,a s*eme = /&>diz+ ! =m 9 :i* !y are to be pres5t$ has be5 rea*$1 & is describ$ bel[ 7,section #fb74 #ef4 ,a satisfactory record ( ! relative circulation ( books c be made only ( a classifi$ /ock4 ,c]ta9ly comp>isons _c be fairly made :ile "o libr>ian classes 8 p]iodicals z sci5ce1 useful arts1 etc41 & ano!r gr\ps 8 toge!r z miscellane\s4 ,!n1 "s libr>ians1 rightly we ?9k1 sep>ate ,juv5ile ,fiction issues f ,adult ,fiction issues2 &1 inde$1 div]g5ces & anomalies are frequ5t & are confus+4 ,sugge/$ rul+s = ,issue ,record books1 = l5d+ & ref]5ce libr>ies respectively1 are giv5 on page #fb4 ,! record book %\ld h ab\t ?irty-five l9es to ! page1 exclusive ( ! head+s1 to all[ "o l9e = ea* day & leave room = add+ up ! columns4 ,! dates1 #a to #ca1 may be pr9t$ d[n ea* column1 b ?is w mean leav+ gaps = ,sundays4 ,x is bett] to write ! dates 9 = ea* mon?1 omitt+ ,sundays1 :i* may be ent]$ on a sep>ate page or pages4 ,! issues ( ea* ye> %\ld be kept toge!r 9 a s]ies2 & a page or m1 z requir$1 %\ld be left = ! necess>y summ>ies1 :i* c be ent]$ up to %[ ! total issues mon? by mon? 9 cumulative =m4 ,if ?is is done regul>ly ! figures = ! annual or o!r reports are q easily obta9$4 ,! accessions book1 if kept ent]$1 add$ & classifi$ up to date1 w give simil> in=mation ab\t books4 #eg4 ,x is usual to c\nt volumes sep>ately4 ,?us a "w 9 five volumes is c\nt$ z #e 9 ! record4 ,illu/rations1 pamphlets1 broadsides & o!r mat]ial 9 sep>ate =m are usually c\nt$ 9 ! same way1 b are sometimes indicat$ z be+ ( ?is sep>ate "* 9 sep>ate columns4 ,!re are m9or problems 9 c\nt+ :i* int]e/ libr>ians1 & ^u :i* op9ion is divid$4 ,?us1 :5 a s]ies ( pr9ts are =m$ into a public exhibition1 x is sometimes ! practice to c\nt ea* pr9t z hav+ be5 issu$ once4 ,!y may1 h[ev]1 h be5 exam9$ by hundr$s ( p dur+ ! exhibition1 & sometimes an all[ance is made = t fact4 ,aga91 ! consultation ( a magaz9e 9 ! read+ rooms is usually n c\nt$2 b ! same magaz9e :5 b\nd is c\nt$ if issu$ f ! %elves 9 ! ref]5ce libr>y4 ,directories1 "t-tables1 & simil> quick-ref]5ce works are (t5 omitt$ f ! /ati/ics4 ,!re seems no reason :y all ^! uses ( mat]ial %\ld n be record$1 s long z ! "* ( ! use is made cle> 9 ! reports ( ! libr>ian4 ,o!rwise ! frequ5t compla9t ( libr>ians t _! figures repres5t only "p ( _! "w seems to be ju/ifi$2 & x is well to rememb] t public criticism ( libr>ies is 9 ! ma9 bas$ ^u _! /ati/ics4 ,at ! same "t if ! record+ ( /ati/ics means ! plac+ ( b>ri]s betwe5 books & read]s1 x is a safe pr9ciple to pref] few] /ati/ics & m accessibility4 #a ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,mon?3 ,septemb] #aiah4 ,l5d+ ,libr>y ,issues4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,il- ,lan- ,blank ,blank ,to- ,d4 ,re- lus- t]n ,i4 ,,ii4 tal4,av]-m>ks4 ,date4#jabcdefghi tra- ,slides47,o!r7,o!r age4 tions4 ,mate- ,mate- rial74rial74 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #a #b #c #d #e etc4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #b ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,mon?3 ,ref]5ce ,libr>y ,issues4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,il- ,lan- ,blank ,blank ,to- ,d4 ,re- lus- t]n ,i4 ,,ii4 tal4,av]-m>ks4 ,date4#jabcdefghi tra- ,slides47,o!r7,o!r age4 tions4 ,mate- ,mate- rial74rial74 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #a #b #c #d #e etc4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,fig4 #d4--,sugge/$ ,rul+s = ,issue ,record ,books4 ,! record ( ! numb] ( read]s %\ld be conf9$ to ^? ^: tickets are 8live0 ones4 ,?is does n mean necess>ily t tickets n 9 active use at ! "t /ati/ics are compil$ %\ld be reg>d$ z 8dead40 ,a borr[] may leave 8 ticket 9 abeyance = sev]al mon?s ) ! int5tion ( us+ x lat]4 ,x does mean t only ^? tickets %\ld be c\nt$ :i* are valid at ! "t4 ,z we h se51 validity ranges f "o to ?ree or m ye>s 9 diff]5t libr>ies1 & ! figures z a rule w be only approximately s\nd4 ,if1 h[ev]1 all valid tickets are includ$1 & if ! numb] ( tickets issu$ )9 ! ye> cov]$ by ! annual report is also indicat$1 ! record w be a s]viceable acc\nt ( ! use made 9 relation to ! population ( ! di/rict s]v$4 ,x is usual to %[ ! numb] ( actual borr[]s divid$ into burgesses & non-burgesses2 ( non-resid5t borr[]s 7employees1 s*ol>s1 etc472 & ( supplem5t>y tickets 7non-fiction1 tea*]s'1 illu/ration1 music1 etc47 held by !m4 #eh4 ,:]e x is ?\ght necess>y to keep records ( ! occupations ( read]s1 a blank l9e = ! "n ( ! occupation is includ$ on ! application v\*] 7see ,section #cfh7 f :i* ! records are made4 #ei4 ,x is n usual to keep =mal /ati/ics ( ! numb] ( visitors to newspap] & p]iodical rooms2 ! att5dances are ei!r n record$ or are e/imat$4 ,9 "s cases1 h[ev]1 a daily c\nt is made at mon?ly or o!r int]vals & ! ye>ly att5dance is gaug$ f ?is4 ,x is obvi\s t su* figures h no great value4 ,a s]ies ( visits to ! rooms w assure any libr>ian or memb] ( committee ( ! am\nt ( use t is made ( !m equally well4 #fj4 ,brief p>agraphs1 pres5t+ ! record ( "w weekly or mon?ly1 & ! numb] ( borr[]s1 are sometimes s5t to ! local newspap]s4 ,?is is a good plan1 & ! matt] is m acceptable if pres5t$ 9 lit]>y r ?an 9 m]ely tabul> =m4 ,at ea* meet+ ( ! libr>y committee a fairly complete /ati/ical record ( ! "w s9ce ! la/ meet+ is pres5t$1 9 :i* ! factors we h discuss$1 toge!r ) ! p]c5tage ( fiction issu$1 & comp>isons ) ! correspond+ weeks or mon?s ( ! previ\s ye>1 are made4 ,! committee is ?us kept closely acqua9t$ ) ! results ( its "w4 #fa4 ,! ,annual ,report4--,! annual report ( ! libr>y committee is ! summ>y & cr[n ( its lab\rs1 & is (t5 ! mo/ direct means ( contact betwe5 ! committee & ! community4 ,su* reports des]ve m att5tion ?an is commonly giv5 to !m by libr>ians1 & 9 ?is matt] ! ,am]ican libr>ian--:o is ess5tially a bus9ess man & does n (t5 produce useless docum5ts--may give h9ts to 8 ,briti% bre?r54 ,a report %\ld be a complete hi/ory ( ! op]ations ( ! libr>y 9 all its dep>tm5ts2 & if improvem5t is necess>y x is 9 ! direction ( r$uc+ ! m]e /ati/ical & 9 increas+ ! lit]>y matt] to be includ$4 ,elaborate tables ( issue1 /ock1 etc41 ( c5tral & bran* libr>ies h a use = ! libr>ian & may be kept at ! libr>ies1 b _! publication is ( int]e/ to few o!r p1 & !y are bett] giv5 9 summ>y4 ,pla9 & cle> reports1 9 :i* comp>isons ) o!r libr>ies by "n %\ld be avoid$1 & :i* pres5t ! sali5t /ati/ics )\t ! use ( confus+ly elaborate tables1 give ! be/ results4 ,illu/rations & an occasional diagram r5d]+ 9 graphic =m ! /ati/ical results ( "w are n necess>ily sup]flu\s1 & may bright5 ! report consid]ably4 ,! report w n be a less au?oritative docum5t if x is attractive4 ,! in=mation :i* a libr>y report ought to convey may be indicat$ briefly z foll[s3 ,title-page4 ,li/ ( memb]s ( committee & libr>y /aff4 ,n>rative report4 ,?is is ! mo/ int]e/+ feature f ! public po9t ( view4 ,x is usually a review ( ! ye> f\nd$ ^u ! /ati/ics1 etc41 9 ! app5dix1 & is prop]ly pres5t$ z if writt5 by ! committee & sign$ by ! *airman4 ,frequ5tly1 h[ev]1 x takes ! =m ( a report writt5 by ! libr>ian to ! committee1 to be adopt$ z ! committee's report4 ,ea* me?od has advantages4 ,! committee c appeal to ! c\ncil ^u any "p ( its policy ) great] au?ority ?an ! libr>ian4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! libr>ian c express views ( ! "w & ne$s ( ! libr>y f 8 own /&po9t4 ,! "* ( ! docum5t1 h[ev]1 w\ld seem to require t a report %\ld be ! committee's4 ,sometimes1 z usually 9 ,am]ica1 ! "q is solv$ by hav+ a brief report f ! committee1 foll[$ by a long] "o f ! libr>ian4 ,app5dix ( docum5ts3--,! foll[+ =ms may be us$ conv5i5tly to pres5t ! /ati/ical record3-- ,,/ock ,c5tral4 ,bran*es4 ,total4 ,gr& ,total4 ,class4 ,ref]- ,l5d- ,ref]- ,l5d- ,ref]- ,l5d- ,report ,la/ ence4 +4 ence4 +4 ence4 +4 ,ye>4 ,ye>4 #j #jjj #jjj #jjj #jjj #jjj #jjj #jjjj #jjjj #a #b #c etc4 ,total ,numb] ( volumes add$ dur+ ! ye>1 ) proportions pur*as$ & donat$4 ,gr& total pur*as$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,d4 donat$ 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,numb] ( volumes worn-out & )drawn4 ,o!r p>ticul>s 9 brief p>agraph =m4 ,,issues ,c5tral4 ,bran*es4 ,total4 ,gr& ,total4 ,class4 ,ref]- ,l5d- ,ref]- ,l5d- ,ref]- ,l5d- ,report ,la/ ence4 +4 ence4 +4 ence4 +4 ,ye>4 ,ye>4 #j #jjj #jjj #jjj #jjj #jjj #jjj #jjjj #jjjj #j #a #b #c etc4 ,total ,av]ages ,columns = juv5ile & o!r dep>tm5ts1 if !y exi/1 mu/1 ( c\rse1 be includ$4 ,,borr[]s ,total numb] report ye> & la/ ye>4 ,numb] hold+ extra or /ud5ts' tickets4 ,,read+ ,,rooms ,att5dances at newsrooms1 magaz9e rooms1 etc4 ,li/ ( donations4 ,li/s ( p]iodicals & annuals 7only if no o!r means ( revis+ pr9t$ li/ is available74 ,f9ancial /atem5t4 7,see ,section #ej47 ,memor&a relat+ to di/rict1 %[+ population1 area1 valuation1 date :5 ,acts adopt$1 date ( op5+ build+1 o!r lead+ facts4 #fb4 ,libr>y ,association ,summ>y4--,! app5dix outl9$ above may be r$uc$ consid]ably by sub/itut+ = mo/ ( ! items a summ>y 9 ! =m recomm5d$ by ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,! f9ancial /atem5t1 h[ev]1 %\ld always be giv5 9 full1 ev5 by libr>ies ! acc\nts ( :i* are kept by ! municipal treasur] or acc\ntant4 ,x is cle>ly impossible to gauge ! "* ( any libr>y's "w if ! di/ribution ( exp5diture 9 p]=m+ x is n %[n4 ,! summ>y recomm5d$ by ! ,libr>y ,association resembles a summ>y us$ 9 ,am]ican libr>y reports1 & is ! outcome ( a sugge/ion made to a meet+ ( ! ,nor? ,c5tral ,libr>y ,association 9 #aiaf by ,mr ,e4 ,l4 ,he!r+ton1 !n ,secret>y ( ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/4 ,its purpose is n only to pres5t ! /ati/ics ( libr>ies 9 a succ9ct & simple mann]1 b by its g5]al adoption to secure a uni=m record f all libr>ies by :i* satisfactory comp>isons may be made4 ,no libr>y report %\ld appe> )\t ?is summ>y1 ev5 if ! libr>ian *ooses to reta9 8 m elaborate tables2 &1 9 view ( its utility & ! propos$ g5]alness ( its use1 we app5d x 9 full ) ! ,libr>y ,association's explanatory notes4 ,,g5]al ,,/ati/ics3 7i7 ,population z at la/ ,c5sus4 7ii7 ,am\nt ( rate 9 ! p\nd4 7iii7 ,co/ ( ,libr>y ,s]vice p] inhabitant4 7iv7 ,total ,co/ ( ,libr>y p] inhabitant4 7v7 ,numb] ( ,sep>ate ,e/abli%m5ts4 7vi7 ,numb] ( ,/aff--,libr>ians & ,assi/ants4 7a7 ,:ole ,"t--,male4 7b7 ,:ole ,"t--,female4 7c7 ,"p ,"t--,male4 7d7 ,"p ,"t--,female4 7e7 ,total--,male--,female4 ,,income ,,& ,,exp5diture3 ,income4 --------------------- s4 d4 ( ,total ,income4 --------------------- 7i7 ,f rate 7ii7 ,f o!r s\rces 7iii7 ,total income --------------------- s4 d4 ( ,total ,exp5di- ture4 --------------------- 7i7 ,books 7ii7 ,b9d+ & ,repair+ 7iii7 ,pr9t+ ( ,catalogues 7iv7 ,newspap]s & ,p]iodicals ,libr>y n p]man5tly reta9$ ,s]vice 7v7 ,libr>y ,fitt+s & ,exp5di- ,furniture ture 7vi7 ,pr9t+1 ,/ation]y1 ,(fice ,requisites 7vii7 ,sal>ies ( ,libr>ians & ,assi/ants 7viii7 ,total --------------------- s4 d4 ( ,total ,income4 --------------------- 7ix7 ,r5ts & ,loans 7x7 ,rates & ,taxes 7xi7 ,upkeep ( ,build+s ,fabric 7xii7 ,heat+1 ,light+ & ,*>ges ,clean+1 includ+ wages 7xiii7 ,total 7xiv7 ,total ,exp5diture ,/ocks4 #a #b ,l5d+4 ,ref]5ce4 ---------------------- 7i7 ,numb] ( volumes at beg9n+ ( ye> 7ii7 ,volumes )drawn dur+ ye> 7iii7 ,additions dur+ ye> 7iv7 ,total volumes at end ( ye> 7v7 ,numb] ( replacem5ts dur+ ye> 7vi7 ,volumes p] head ( population accord+ to la/ ,c5sus ,issues4 ,total4 ,daily ,av]age4 ---------------------- 7i7 ,l5d+ ,libr>y ,issues 7ii7 ,*ildr5's ,read+ ,room ,issues 7iii7 ,ref]5ce ,libr>y ,record$ ,issues 7iv7 ,ref]5ce ,libr>y ,op5 ,%elves 7e/imat$7 7v7 ,issues f ,l5d+ ,libr>y 7see 7i7 above7 p] head ( population accord+ to la/ c5sus ,borr[]s4 7i7 ,p]c5tage ( ,borr[]s to population4 7ii7 ,numb] ( ,supplem5t>y ,read]s' ,tickets held4 7iii7 ,total ,borr[]s' ,tickets 9 use4 ,,in/ructions ,,to ,,be ,,/udi$ ,,9 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,! ,,figures ,,detail$ ,,above ,g5]al4 #a4 ,a/]isks ) relative foot-notes %\ld be plac$ aga9/ any figure :i* includes abnormalities2 = example1 if any item ( ! exp5diture includes c]ta9 special or non-recurr+ *>ges1 ! am\nt ( t exp5diture %\ld be detail$ 9 a foot-note ) an explanation ( ! item4 ,g5]al ,/ati/ics4 #b4 ,head 7iii7 %\ld express 9 p5ce ! co/ ( ! total libr>y s]vice--p] inhabitant accord+ to la/ c5sus4 #c4 ,simil>ly head 7iv7 %\ld express ! co/ ( ! total libr>y exp5diture p] inhabitant4 #d4 ,head 7v7 asks = ! numb] ( sep>ate e/abli%m5ts4 ,! figure %\ld include ! c5tral libr>y1 b if deliv]y /ations are also includ$ ! numb] ( su* subsidi>y e/abli%m5ts %\ld be /at$ 9 a footnote4 ,income4 #e4 ,head 7i7 %\ld be conf9$ solely to ! income f ! libr>y rate4 #f4 ,head 7ii7 %\ld include income f all o!r s\rces1 :e!r f int]e/ on inve/m5ts1 r5ts1 sales ( catalogues1 f9es or special subscriptions or donations4 ,exp5diture4 #g4 ,"u head 7iv7 %\ld be includ$ only ! co/ ( p]iodicals n p]man5tly reta9$4 ,9 cases ( p]iodicals :i* are subsequ5tly b\nd & add$ to ! p]man5t libr>y /ocks1 _! co/ %\ld be includ$ "u head 7i7 books & head 7ii7 b9d+4 #h4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t head 7vii7 %\ld be conf9$ to ! sal>y paym5ts made to ! libr>y /aff prop]4 ,all wages paid to c>etak]s1 clean]s1 mess5g]s & ! l1 %\ld be includ$ "u head 7xii74 #i4 ,x w be obs]v$ t !re is no sep>ate head+ = 8miscellane\s0 or 8o!r items40 ,x is desir$ t all items ( exp5diture %\ld be allocat$ to ! head+s detail$ above4 ,/ocks4 #aj4 ,x is recogniz$ t ! ^w book or volume has no def9ite te*nical mean+1 & is usually an indet]m9ate expression useful = popul> purposes4 ,x may !re=e be useful to make ! foll[+ def9itions = ! guidance ( ! ,libr>ies3-- ,volumes mean books z !y /& on ! %elves4 ,pieces mean sep>ate works or p>ts 7ea* usually hav+ a sep>ate title-page to itself1 z ) pamphlets1 p>ts ( p]iodicals1 & ! l74 ,pap]s mean less] items1 usually ) less ?an #e pages1 z broadsides1 c>ds1 fly-%eets4 ,items mean volumes1 pieces & pap]s4 ,works mean :ole lit]>y productions :e!r 9 sev]al volumes or only "o piece4 ,?us3 ,t5 pamphlets b\nd toge!r1 ) five broadsides at end1 are "o volume1 t5 works or pieces1 fifte5 items4 ,a diction>y 9 tw5ty volumes w\ld c\nt z tw5ty volumes1 pieces & items1 b "o "w1 & 9 a s5se "o book4 ,hav+ reg>d to ^! def9itions c>e %\ld be tak51 9 record+ ! numb] ( volumes 9 a libr>y1 to reckon t5 pamphlets or p>ts z ! equival5t ( a s+le volume4 ,issues4 #aa4 ,head 7iii7 %\ld give ! issues f ! ref]5ce libr>y actually record$4 #ab4 ,head 7iv7 %\ld give ! e/imat$ use made ( ! books f ! op5 %elves ( ! ref]5ce libr>y4 #ac4 ,sunday use ( libr>ies %\ld be sep>ately record$4 ,,bibliography #fc4 ,/ati/ics3 ,he!r+ton1 ,a4 ,l4 ,libr>y ,/ati/ics4 ,9 ,l4,a4 ,record1 v4 #ai1 p4 #c1 #aiag4 ,also sep>ately4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,e #ace1 ,libr>y ,/ati/ics4 #fd4 ,annual ,report3 ,bo/wick1 ,a4 ,e4 ,adm9i/ration ( a ,public ,libr>y4 ,9 ,a4,l4,a41 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ4 ,prepr9t ( *apt] xii41 #aiaa4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,e #acf1 ,annual ,report4 ,,division ,,iii ,,/aff ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,libr>ian #fe4 ,g5]al4--,! success or failure ( a libr>y dep5ds almo/ entirely ^u ! ability & en]gy ( ! /aff4 ,op9ion ^u ?is "q has be5 almo/ revolutioniz$ 9 ! pa/ tw5ty ye>s1 & only v occasionally n[ d we f9d "s misguid$ libr>y au?ority plac+ s special an in/itution 9 ! keep+ ( /ickit m9i/]s1 unlucky s*oolma/]s1 retir$ soldi]s1 m9or j\rnali/s1 unsuccessful booksell]s1 & simil> remnants ( ! failures or sup]annuat$ 9 o!r walks ( life4 ,no untra9$ p]son is likely to atta9 m ?an ! poore/ or mo/ commonplace results & w und\bt$ly prev5t ! libr>y f s]v+ ! community to any?+ l its pot5tial capacity4 ,inde$1 ! "w ( ! libr>ian is a pr(essional occupation dem&+ = its successful accompli%m5t a tra9+ z complete & special at lea/ z t requir$ ( ! tea*]4 ,a committee fails signally 9 its public duty if x does n recognize ?is fact 9 ! *oice ( its libr>ian2 & ! public has a "r to dem& t ! man appo9t$ to occupy any te*nical public (fice %all h _h bo? tra9+ & exp]i5ce4 #ff4 ,! appo9tm5t ( a *ief libr>ian %\ld be ! fir/ /ep tak5 by a committee4 ,numb]less blund]s1 (t5 result+ 9 great subsequ5t exp5se1 h be5 made 9 ! pa/ ?r\gh ! mi/ak5 economy ( proce$+ ) build+s1 me?ods & book-selection be=e su* appo9tm5t4 ,^! matt]s are ess5tially ! "w ( ! libr>ian & n ( ! committee2 & any little am\nt t may be sav$ f ! sal>y ( ! libr>ian is inv>iably lo/ because ( ! adoption ( faulty app>atus or plans2 amateur exp]im5ts are usually exp5sive4 ,if1 at ! beg9n+ ( its c>e]1 a libr>y committee is unable to engage a qualifi$ libr>ian1 application %\ld be made to ! ,libr>y ,association = ! nom9ation ( a pr(essional advis]1 :o = a reasonable fee w\ld give invaluable assi/ance at ! "t :5 su* assi/ance is really vital4 #fg4 ,qualifications4--,z is ! case ) ! prom95t memb]s ( e o!r pr(ession1 good libr>ians are born1 n made4 ,tra9+ & exp]i5ce _c create su* natural end[m5ts z en?usiasm1 orig9ality1 initiative--9 %ort1 positive g5ius = ! "w2 b tra9+ & exp]i5ce 9 s\nd me?ods w provide a passable sub/itute4 ,exp]i5ce1 h[ev]1 dep5ds = its value ^u its "*1 & long ye>s 9 ineffici5tly-manag$ libr>ies w n suffice = mod]n ne$s4 ,ow+ to ! wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! me?ods (1 say1 ?irty ye>s ago1 & ! m sci5tific me?ods ( to-day1 x is necess>y to judge ! exp]i5ce ( any libr>ian by ! s*ool 9 :i* he has be5 tra9$4 ,?is does n mean t a libr>y :i* has be5 9 exi/5ce ?irty ye>s or m is op]at$ by obsolete me?ods2 mo/ ( ! l>g] libr>ies1 inde$1 h kept pace )1 & h help$ to orig9ate1 ! mod]n me?ods :i* are to be pref]r$4 ,at ! same "t ! practice ( appo9t+ libr>ians f l>g] libr>ies 9 pref]5ce to ^? f small] ones is (t5 mi/ak54 ,a small libr>y may af=d its /aff opportunities = a m compreh5sive tra9+ ?an a l>ge "o1 b x may n be s ext5sive 9 detail4 ,9 %ort1 ! size ( ! libr>y 9 :i* a man is tra9$ is no index to ! "* ( its s]vice1 & ?is "* is ! ma9 factor 9 consid]+ exp]i5ce4 ,! physical qualifications ( a libr>ian %\ld include good heal?1 fre$om f de=mity1 defect or incurable disease1 & 8 or h] age %\ld n usually be less ?an tw5ty-five4 ,age is n s important 9 cases ( promotion1 z ! committee has fir/-h& & accurate k ( capabilities to guide x4 ,z reg>ds ! physical condition ( libr>ians1 x may be said g5]ally t ! same pr9ciples :i* guide selection 9 bus9ess appo9tm5ts %\ld be ! rule 9 libr>y appo9tm5ts4 #fh4 ,! pr(essional atta9m5ts ( a libr>ian %\ld be judg$ ma9ly by _! suitability = ! duties to be p]=m$4 ,! degree ( atta9m5t diff]s 9 individuals1 & x w\ld be unfair to expect s _m useful qualifications 9 a libr>ian :o is to receive #bjj p] annum z 9 "o :o is to receive a mu* l>g] sal>y4 ,b !re are c]ta9 broad pr9ciples to be consid]$1 ! c>d9al "o be+ t only tra9$ libr>ians %\ld ev] be appo9t$ to *ief positions4 ,a committee is safe 9 select+ c&idates f among/ diplomates1 fell[s & memb]s ( ! ,libr>y ,association1 z ^! ipso facto h receiv$ ! tra9+ indicat$4 ,we give 9 ,sections #ii-aja "s acc\nt ( ! compass & activities ( ! ,libr>y ,association1 & comm5d :at is !re writt5 to ! consid]ation ( libr>y committees4 ,"h x may be said t a diplomate is a libr>ian :o has receiv$ at lea/ ?ree ye>s' tra9+ 9 a libr>y recogniz$ by ! ,association1 has ga9$ ! six provisional c]tificates ( t body 9 lit]>y hi/ory1 bibliography1 classification1 catalogu+1 libr>y organization & libr>y r\t9e1 & has 9 addition %[n a k ( ,lat9 & "o mod]n =eign language1 & has pres5t$ an acceptable writt5 !sis %[+ indep5d5t rese>* ^u "s dep>tm5t ( libr>ian%ip4 ,! diploma is a v consid]able atta9m5t1 & is at pres5t held by few libr>ians1 b ! numb] increases1 & no d\bt its possession w influ5ce future appo9tm5ts consid]ably4 ,x 0 initiat$ 9 #aija1 & !re=e too rec5tly to h made x possible = all eligible c&idates = appo9tm5ts to h acquir$ x4 ,to meet ?is situation1 & to set up a /&>d ( qualification1 ! ,libr>y ,association adopt$ 9 #aiaa a s*eme = ! classification ( libr>ians into fell[s1 memb]s1 & /ud5t-memb]s4 ,a fell[ is a libr>ian ( approv$ exp]i5ce :o held (fice prior to ! end ( #aiad1 a libr>ian :o holds ! diploma1 or a univ]sity degree plus approv$ libr>y exp]i5ce1 or an assi/ant libr>ian ( prov$ reputation & capacity :o held (fice prior to ! date nam$4 ,all o!r libr>ians at ! initiation ( ?is s*eme 7 classifi$ z memb]s 7except v "y m5 & wom5 :o became /ud5t-memb]s & ^: degree ( tra9+ may be judg$ f t "n74 ,aft] #aiad admission to fell[%ip has g5]ally be5 re/rict$ to diplomates1 or graduates ) libr>y exp]i5ce1 save 9 exceptional cases :]e great & prov$ capacity has be5 %[n2 & admission to memb]%ip has be5 re/rict$ to *ief libr>ians1 or to assi/ants :o hold f\r ( ! six diploma c]tificates4 ,o!r factors may apply 9 individual cases1 b !re are v few libr>ians or assi/ants ( "* & ability :o are ei!r memb]s or c]tificate-hold]s ( ! ,association4 ,) due all[ance = ! size & means ( ! libr>y1 & ! sal>y to be (f]$ to ! libr>ian1 ! foll[+ li/ ( qualifications may s]ve z a guide to a committee z to :at !y may expect4 ,,libr>ian',s ,,qualifications #a4 ,tra9+ = at lea/ ?ree ye>s 9 a libr>y :i* is classifi$ accord+ to "s recogniz$ bibliographical s*eme ,decimal1 ,expansive1 ,libr>y ( ,congress1 ,subject or o!r4 #b4 ,a wide k ( ,engli% & ,=eign ,bibliography & ,lit]ature1 & an intimate & exact k ( ! cont5ts ( mod]n1 & especially te*nical1 sci5tific1 & hi/orical1 books4 #c4 ,suffici5t acqua9tance ) languages to enable ! translat+ ( title-pages ) ! aid ( diction>ies4 #d4 ,a k ( bus9ess r\t9e1 includ+ elem5t>y book-keep+ & acc\nts4 #e4 ,practical acqua9tance ) ! lead+ sy/ems ( book classification4 #f4 ,full k ( ! v>i\s me?ods ( catalogu+1 ) a ?or\gh grasp ( ! mod]n lit]ature ( ! subject4 #g4 ,exp]i5ce 9 /aff managem5t4 #h4 ,practical k ( all mod]n sy/ems ( libr>y work+1 includ+ book-b9d+1 book-buy+1 *>g+ & ma9t5ance4 #i4 ,k ( mod]n p]iodical lit]ature1 & ! managem5t ( news-rooms4 #aj4 ,g5]al culture1 ! ability to make a useful public spee*1 tact1 c\rtesy1 &1 9 fact1 good 8p]sonality40 #fi4 ,adv]tisem5ts & ,application ,=ms = ,appo9tm5ts4--,adv]tisem5ts = libr>ians are usually ins]t$ 9 "o or all ( ! foll[+3--,! ,times1 ,! ,a!num1 ,! ,spectator & ,! ,municipal ,j\rnal4 ,a useful =m ( ann\ncem5t may be subjo9$3 ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>y ,,appo9tm5t ,,( ,,*ief ,,libr>ian ,a ,*ief ,libr>ian is requir$ = ! ,lib]ton ,public ,libr>y4 ,c&idates mu/ be ,diplomates1 or ,fell[s1 or ,memb]s ( ! ,libr>y ,association 7or be c]tificat$ by t body71 & h _h at lea/ ?ree ye>s' tra9+ 9 a libr>y employ+ sci5tific classification4 ,sal>y to comm5ce1 4 4 4 4 41 ris+ by annual increm5ts ( 4 4 4 4 4 to a maximum ( 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,! application1 :i* %\ld be accompani$ by ?ree rec5t te/imonials1 is to be made on a special =m :i* may be obta9$ f ! und]sign$4 ,all applications %\ld rea* ! und]sign$ n lat] ?an all[ ?ree weeks4 ,second class railway f>es & reasonable exp5ses ( select$ c&idates w be all[$4 ,all canvass+ w disqualify4 ,a4 ,b4 ,c41 ,t[n ,cl]k1 or ,cl]k to ! ,committee4 ,! practice ( requir+ c&idates to apply on a special =m is fairly g5]al1 & has ! advantage ( secur+ uni=mity 9 ! in=mation suppli$1 & 9 emphasiz+ ! p>ticul>s consid]$ to be ! mo/ important4 ,= v important positions ! me?od may be n s advantage\s1 z valuable conclusions may be drawn f ! mann] 9 :i* c&idates pres5t _! applications4 ,! foll[+ draft =m may be sugge/ive to committees3-- ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>y ,,committee ,address4 ,,application ,,= ,,libr>ian%ip ,! c&idate is p>ticul>ly reque/$ to answ] e "q 9 full1 & return to ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 address1 by #ab o'clock on date to be nam$1 m>k$ on outside ( envelope1 8,libr>ian%ip40 #a4 ,full "n4 #b4 ,address4 #c4 ,age next bir?day4 #d4 ,m>ri$ or s+le4 #e4 ,numb] ( family if m>ri$4 #f4 ,is y\r heal? good8 #g4 ,h y any physical defect 7deafness1 lam5ess1 etc478 #h4 ,pres5t occupation4 #i4 ,l5g? ( s]vice 9 pres5t occupation4 #aj4 ,=m] occupations1 if any4 #aa4 ,are y a ,fell[ or ,memb] ( ! ,libr>y ,association8 #ab4 ,d y hold ! ,diploma or any ( ! ,provisional ,c]tificates ( ! ,libr>y ,association8 #ac4 ,d y possess any ( ! foll[+ qualifications8-- ,practical k ( mod]n lit]ature4 ,practical k ( sci5tific classification4 ,practical k ( libr>y plann+4 ,k ( acc\nts & book-keep+4 ,exp]i5ce 9 managem5t ( /aff4 ,practical k ( mod]n libr>y managem5t4 #ad4 ,/ate sy/em us$ 9 y\r libr>y = ! foll[+ dep>tm5ts1 & :i* y w\ld adopt if appo9t$ "h3-- ,classification4 ,pr9t$ catalogue4 ,manuscript catalogue4 ,book issue me?od4 ,ref]5ce libr>y me?od4 #ae4 ,h y orig9at$ any libr>y device1 or publi%$ books or articles on practical phases ( libr>y "w8 #af4 ,d y possess any degrees or c]tificates ( an educational k9d8 #ag4 ,h y made a special /udy ( any p>ticul> subject8 #ah4 ,:5 c\ld y ent] ^u duty if appo9t$8 #ai4 ,add "h any fur!r relevant p>ticul>s leave l>ge space4 ,select$ c&idates1 :5 int]view$1 %\ld be exam9$ on ! que/ions s*$ul$ above & on ! qualifications specifi$ 9 ,section #fh4 ,a few que/ions by ! *airman1 bas$ ^u ^!1 9 addition to ! indep5d5t sugge/ions ( memb]s ( committee1 w g5]ally result 9 obta9+ a v fair e/imate ( ! qualifications ( ea* c&idate4 #gj4 ,sal>ies4--,ow+ to ! limitation ( ! libr>y rate & a g5]al und]e/imate ( ! libr>ian's utility1 sal>ies 9 municipal libr>ies are n v lib]al1 & may be describ$ z inadequate4 ,9 ! /ate1 univ]sity & "s ( ! end[$ & propriet>y libr>ies ! sal>ies range mu* high]1 tak5 all r\nd4 ,^! appo9tm5ts1 h[ev]1 especially su* z ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,india ,(fice1 ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 ! univ]sities & simil> in/itutions1 are seldom (f]$ = competition4 ,9 public municipal libr>ies ! sal>ies ( *ief libr>ians range d[nw>d f ab\t #hjj4 ,"s ( ! l>ge ,london propriet>y libr>ies1 & _m ( ! prov9cial libr>ies ( a simil> k9d1 give sal>ies to ab\t ! same maximum4 ,a c>eful analysis ( ! income1 population & "w ( ! pr9cipal ,engli% & ,am]ican libr>ies has enabl$ ! foll[+ table to be produc$1 %[+ ! am\nt :i* a libr>y c reasonably pay = a good (fic]4 ,?is scale is consid]ably bel[ ! ,am]ican "o1 b slightly high] ?an ! ,engli%4 ,,fig4 #e4--,,table ,,( ,,libr>ians' ,,sal>ies ,,:i* ,,%\ld ,,be ,,paid ,,by ,,libr>ies ,,possess+ ,,! ,,incomes ,,und]not$ --------------------------- ,libr>y ,annual ,libr>ian's ,income f ,sal>y4 ,rate4 --------------------------- #bj1jjj #ajjj #ae1jjj #hjj #aj1jjj #gej #h1jjj #gjj #f1jjj #fjj #e1ejj #eej #e1jjj #ejj #d1ejj #dej #d1jjj #dbe #c1ejj #djj #c1jjj #cej #b1ejj #cbe #b1jjj #cjj #a1ijj #bij #a1hjj #bhj #a1gjj #bgj #a1fjj #bfj #a1ejj #bej #a1djj #bdj #a1cjj #bcj #a1bjj #bbj #a1ajj #baj #a1jjj #bjj #ijj #aij #hjj #ahj #gjj #agj #fjj #afj #ejj #aej #djj #abj #cjj #ij #bjj #fj;,= "p ( #ajj #cj"t only4 --------------------------- ,! above table is r high] ?an t giv5 9 ! la/ edition1 z reg>ds ! libr>ies ) incomes exce$+ #cjjj1 & is bas$ ^u my own inquiries & conclusions z !y h be5 affect$ by ! ,european ,w>4 ,few libr>ians receive normally #ajjj1 & x is q cle> t ! pres5t sal>ies = ! great] libr>ies are mo/ inadequate1 hav+ reg>d to ! responsibilities involv$4--,,editor4 #ga4 ,! only o!r po9t ( importance aris+ out ( ! "q ( libr>ians' sal>ies is t ( provid+ a resid5ce on ! libr>y premises4 ,?is policy has be5 adopt$ 9 ,london m ?an any:]e else4 ,x affects ! "q ( sal>y to "s ext5t1 ?\gh n q s mu* z has be5 claim$4 ,a committee ( a #djjj libr>y might argue t1 by provid+ a good h\se 9 a valuable position1 !y are only entitl$ to give a sal>y ( #cbe1 ! balance ( #ajj be+ repres5t$ by ! h\se4 ,! practical reply to ?is is1 t a h\se "u ^! conditions1 al?\gh x c\ld r5t at #ajj or ev5 m1 is j wor? to ! libr>ian exactly :at he w\ld be prep>$ to pay = h\se r5t if he liv$ away f ! libr>y4 ,any all[ance or d$uction %\ld accord+ly be bas$ ^u ?is consid]ation4 ,9 small libr>ies x is n advisable to incur additional co/ 9 ! erection ( build+s by provid+ a resid5ce = ! libr>ian 9 ord] to save on 8 sal>y4 ,beyond ! advantage ( hav+ a libr>ian liv+ on ! premises z a k9d ( sup]ior p]petual c>etak]1 !re is little to be ga9$ by complicat+ a libr>y build+ ) su* an excresc5ce z a resid5ce4 ,if h\ses are provid$ at all1 !y %\ld be ma9ly us$ by c>etak]s :o h to get up e>ly1 & !re is a decid$ conv5i5ce 9 hav+ an (fic] ( ?is description always at h&4 ,if possible1 resid5ces %\ld be erect$ z f> away f public read+-rooms z !y c be1 ! occupation ( rooms ov] news-rooms1 etc41 hav+ be5 prov$ to be unheal?y 9 _m cases4 ,! accommodation provid$ = a c>etak] usually consi/s ( a sitt+-room or l>ge kit*51 p>l\r1 two b$rooms1 & ! usual (fices4 ,9 "s ,london libr>ies v lib]al provision has be5 made = libr>ians liv+ on ! premises1 ! accommodation consi/+ ( ?ree l>ge liv+ rooms1 f\r or five b$rooms1 kit*51 scull]y1 ba?room & o!r (fices4 ,! :ole "q ( resid5ce or non-resid5ce is "o = libr>y au?orities to decide = !mselves1 b ! matt] is ano!r pro( ( ! necessity :i* exi/s = appo9t+ libr>ians be=e build+s are erect$4 #gb4 ,sup]annuation4--,!re is no g5]al law at pres5t "u :i* public libr>ians c retire on a p5sion aft] a c]ta9 age has be5 rea*$4 ,"s t[ns h made sep>ate arrangem5ts = ! sup]annuation ( all _! (fic]s1 b ev5 ?is is f> f common4 ,! ,national ,association ( ,local ,gov]nm5t ,(fic]s1 :i* des]ves ! support ( libr>ians & committees1 has a ,bill be=e ,p>liam5t1 ! object ( :i* is to procure = municipal (fic]s ! same regulations z to sup]annuation z are 9 =ce = poor-law (fic]s1 b ?is has n yet pass$ into law4 #gc4 ,conditions ( ,libr>ian's ,appo9tm5t4--,!re are sev]al po9ts requir+ notice 9 connexion ) ! conditions ^u :i* libr>ians are appo9t$4 ,x is n usual to draw up a =mal agreem5t1 b if ?is is done x %\ld be execut$ by a solicitor1 & specify ! pr9cipal obligations1 t]ms & duration ( ! appo9tm5t4 #a4 ,9 l>ge libr>ies x is usual to /ipulate t ! libr>ian mu/ devote ! :ole ( 8 or h] ,,"t to ! duties ( ! (fice4 ,?is simply means t no o!r (fice c be held concurr5tly1 b p>ticul>ly a paid (fice4 ,a libr>ian's private "t c be devot$ to any hobby he *ooses1 be x g>d5+1 cycl+1 photography1 lit]ature1 music or sport4 ,provid$1 always1 su* recreations d n r5d] a libr>ian less fit = 8 public duty4 ,(ficial "t occupi$ 9 any "w :i* has = its object improvem5t 9 pr(essional k %\ld be all[$ )9 reasonable limits4 ,att5dances at meet+s call$ = pr(essional purposes1 or visits to o!r places = ! purpose ( acquir+ pr(essional k1 w\ld1 we take x1 be consid]$ q legitimate4 ,:]e a c]ta9 numb] ( h\rs daily or weekly has be5 fix$1 ! "q ( ! disposal ( a libr>ian's leisure "t w n arise4 #b4 ,notice ( int5tion to ,,det]m9e ,,an ,,appo9tm5t might be /ipulat$ = 9 an agreem5t4 ,! usual practice is "o mon?'s notice on ei!r side4 #c4 ,a public libr>ian :o h&les public money %\ld be requir$ to obta9 security f a recogniz$ gu>antee (fice4 ,! am\nt insur$ aga9/ w g5]ally be fully cov]$ by a sum equal to #aj p] c5t4 ( ! annual income ( ! libr>y4 ,?us1 a libr>y ) an income ( #bjjj %\ld make #bjj ! insurable sum1 z ?is w cov] any possible defalcations ( ! libr>ians1 :o1 "u any circum/ances1 9 su* a libr>y1 c nev] h&le m ?an ab\t #fj or #gj 9 ! c\rse ( "o mon?4 ,! premium = municipal (fic]s av]ages ab\t #es4 p] c5t41 &1 ( c\rse1 ! libr>y au?ority %\ld make ! annual paym5ts to keep ! policy alive4 #d4 ,! ,,vacation all[$ to libr>ians v>ies ) ! conditions ( ea* place4 ,9 "s cases five weeks are all[$1 irrespective ( ! "t occupi$ by conf]5ces or o!r annual meet+s4 ,usually f\r weeks are giv54 ,z a rule1 committees w n be f\nd nigg>dly 9 ?is matt] :5 !y h an (fic] :om !y c respect & tru/4 ,9 ,am]ican libr>ies a mon? is (t5 all[$1 & 9 "s cases mu* long] p]iods4 #e4 ,! only ,,annual ,,conf]5ces ( any importance 9 connexion ) public libr>y "w are ^? ( ! ,libr>y ,association & ! ,museums ,association4 ,practice diff]s z reg>ds libr>ies s5d+ delegates to ! annual conf]5ces ( ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,9 "s cases :]e a libr>y is a subscrib+ memb]1 &1 9 addition1 ! libr>ian is also a memb] 9 8 own "n1 x s5ds a memb] ( ! committee & ! libr>ian1 & pays _! exp5ses4 ,9 o!r cases ! libr>ian alone is s5t1 & 8 exp5ses paid4 ,9 /ill o!r cases ! libr>ian is all[$ ! "t to att5d1 b has to pay 8 own exp5ses2 :ile1 sometimes1 ! *airman ( committee att5ds1 & ei!r pays 8 own exp5ses or has !m paid by ! committee4 ,e libr>y :i* desires to keep abrea/ ) mod]n ideas 9 libr>y "w %\ld s5d its libr>ian to ! annual conf]5ces ( ! ,libr>y ,association1 & pay 8 exp5ses4 ,all public libr>ies %\ld jo9 ?is association z in/itution memb]s1 & _! libr>ian w naturally be a memb] 9 8 own "r4 ,!re is m k & good obta9$ by a libr>ian com+ into p]sonal t\* ) o!r libr>ians dur+ a conf]5ce week ?an c ev] be a*iev$ 9 a /ate ( h]mit-l seclusion4 ,! sum sp5t on a libr>y conf]5ce to insure a libr>ian's att5dance is by f> ! mo/ pr(itable inve/m5t a libr>y committee c make 9 a s+le ye>4 ,"s d\bt exi/s z to :e!r memb]s ( committee c be s5t at ! exp5se ( ! libr>y rate1 &1 s f> z p>i%es are conc]n$1 x has be5 decid$ by ! di/rict auditors t !y c n be s5t unless at _! own p]sonal exp5se4 ,municipal bor\ghs h p[] to s5d committee delegates if s dispos$1 b ! matt] rema9s d\btful z reg>ds ,urban ,di/rict ,c\ncils4 #gd4 ,duties ( ! ,libr>ian4--,! duties ( a libr>ian practically cov] e section ( ?is ,manual1 & x is !re=e ne$less to g ov] ! same gr\nd "h4 ,x may be assum$1 h[ev]1 t ! libr>ian also acts z cl]k to 8 committee1 & a few ( ! m p]sonal duties ( ! libr>ian may be specifi$4 ,x has be5 recomm5d$ t a libr>ian %\ld act z cl]k1 & "s reasons may be giv5 :y ?is c\rse %\ld always be tak54 ,! libr>ian is ! only (ficial :o holds all ! ?reads ( "w & r\t9e 9 8 h&s or :o ?or\ghly und]/&s ! practical work+ ( ! in/itution4 ,by comb9+ ! functions he rema9s 9 t\* ) 8 committee1 & c mu* bett] und]/& _! views ?an if a second p]son acts z int]m$i>y or int]pret]4 ,! plan is also m economical1 z t[n cl]ks sometimes take a sal>y = act+ z cl]k to ! libr>y committee1 or *>ge a proportion ( (fice exp5ses to ! libr>y4 ,bo? c\rses are q unnecess>y4 ,x is n desirable1 :5 a libr>y committee has obta9$ a complete or p>tial delegation ( p[]s1 to h its "w controll$ or int]f]$ ) by ano!r municipal dep>tm5t4 ,ev5 :5 a libr>y committee rema9s b an ord9>y committee ( a local au?ority1 x is n desirable = ! t[n cl]k to d m ?an depute a junior cl]k to att5d meet+s = ! sole purpose ( record+ m9utes4 ,! *airman & libr>ian %\ld call all meet+s & arrange all necess>y bus9ess4 ,x is too (t5 ov]look$ t libr>y committees are appo9t$ to c>ry out special "w "u a special ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 & t1 9 consequ5ce1 !y are p]=m+ duties outside ! ord9>y r\t9e ( municipal "w4 #ge4 ,! foll[+ summ>y ( ! m important duties ( ! libr>ian is applicable to ! av]age libr>y1 b mu/ be adju/$ consid]ably 9 l>ge libr>ies1 :]e ! *ief libr>ian is ma9ly an adm9i/rator4 ,su* l>ge libr>ies h special dep>tm5tal exp]ts1 & x is cle> t ov] _m ( ^! items ! *ief libr>ian c ex]cise only a g5]al sup]vision4 ,:]e !re are l>ge tra9$ /affs he %\ld avoid details & conc]n himself ) ! g5]al direction ( all dep>tm5ts2 o!rwise he w become imm]s$ impossibly 9 m9uti to ! great detrim5t ( ! libr>y s]vice z a :ole3 #a4 ,he mu/ sup]9t5d & prep>e all ! bus9ess = ! libr>y committee1 includ+ summon+ meet+s1 prep>+ ag5das1 *eck+ acc\nts1 compil+ li/s ( books1 prep>+ reports & tak+ m9utes ( proce$+s4 #b4 ,he mu/ att5d all committee meet+s1 & su* ( ! local au?ority meet+s z may be fix$4 #c4 ,he mu/ prep>e all specifications = contracts1 & br+ =w>d 9 pl5ty ( "t all bus9ess :i* arises regul>ly1 ei!r mon?ly1 qu>t]ly or annually4 #d4 ,he %\ld sign all ord]s & be responsible = all correspond5ce connect$ ) ! libr>y4 ,he %\ld keep copies ( all ord]s & important lett]s1 z well z copies ( any specifications or o!r docum5ts4 #e4 ,he mu/ fix ! "t1 duties & daily "w ( ! /aff1 & sup]9t5d & *eck _! att5dance & "w 9 e dep>tm5t4 #f4 ,he mu/ see t ord] is ma9ta9$ among read]s ?r\gh\t ! ma9 build+ & bran*es1 & t ! rules are en=c$ )9 reason1 & t ! op5+ & clos+ ( ! libr>y are done punctually4 #g4 ,he mu/ c>efully sup]vise ! selection ( books & p]iodicals = addition to ! libr>y1 & exam9e all necess>y li/s1 catalogues & reviews = t purpose4 #h4 ,he %\ld *eck all catalogu+ & classification "w4 #i4 ,he %\ld be prep>$ :5 call$ ^u to aid read]s1 z f> z possible1 9 any l9e ( rese>*1 & %\ld be easily accessible at all times :5 on duty4 #gf4 ,! ,libr>ian4 ,c[ell1 ,pet]4 ,public ,libr>y ,/affs1 #ahic4 ,l4,a4 ,s]ies1 #c4 ,flet*]1 ,w4 ,j4 ,! ,libr>ian3 ,8 ,"w & ,tra9+ = ,x4 ,9 8 ,public ,libr>ies 9 ,am]ica1 #ahid1 p4 #hj4 ,h>dy1 ,e4 ,a4 ,! ,libr>ian4 ,9 8 ,! ,public ,libr>y1 #aiab1 p4 #aji4 ,hulme1 ,e4 ,w4 ,ideals ,old & ,new1 #aiad4 ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association1 ,s]ies #e4 ,baldw91 ,e4 ,v4 ,libr>y ,s]vice4 ,a4,l4,a41 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ4 ,prepr9t ( ,*apt] xiv41 #aiad4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,e #ac-dc1 ,libr>ian%ip4 #gg4 ,libr>y ,tra9+4 ,bak]1 ,e4 ,a4 ,education & ,tra9+ ( ,libr>ians4 ,9 ,libr>y ,association4 ,public ,libr>ies3 ,_! ,developm5t & ,future ,organization1 #aiag1 p4 #hi4 ,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,guide to ,libr>ian%ip1 #aiji4 ,libr>y ,association4 ,in=mation relat+ to ! ,pr(essional ,exam9ations & ,syllabus1 #aiai4 7,issu$ annually z a rule47 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london4 ,prospectus ( ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip 79 ! ,press--,june #aiai74 ,! ,am]ican libr>ies or univ]sities ( ,atlanta1 ,brooklyn1 ,cali=nia1 ,clevel& 7,univ471 ,ill9ois1 ,mi*igan1 ,new ,york 7,/ate71 ,drexel ,in/41 ,philadelphia1 ,pittsburgh1 ,/ ,l\is1 & o!rs h libr>y s*ools1 :i* issue p]iodical cal5d>s & circul>s ( in=mation ( a sugge/ive k9d4 ,!re are ab\t =ty su* libr>y s*ools4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,e #bf-bh1 ,assi/ants1 ,qualifications1 ,tra9+1 etc42 ,a #ace-age1 ,libr>y ,s*ools 9 ,am]ica4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,assi/ants #gh4 ,g5]al4--,! organization ( ! libr>y /aff "u ! *ief libr>ian is naturally gov]n$ by ! numb] ( assi/ants & ! size ( ! sy/em !y "w4 ,mo/ libr>ies h a second qualifi$ libr>ian :o is v>i\sly call$ ,deputy-,libr>ian or ,sub-,libr>ian or sometimes he is call$ ,*ief ,assi/ant ,libr>ian1 ,deputy ,*ief ,libr>ian1 or1 m r>ely 9 ,engl&1 ,vice-,libr>ian4 ,!re is /ill consid]able confusion 9 ! nom5clature ( libr>y (fices1 & x w\ld be well if a uni=m sy/em 7 adopt$4 7,see ,app5dix ,i474 ,l>ge libr>ies h1 9 addition1 a hi]>*y ( assi/ants1 z foll[s3 #a4 ,a ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,bran*es1 :]e !re are sev]al libr>ies 9 ! sy/em1 z at ,birm+ham1 ,glasg[1 etc42 #b4 ,libr>ians-9-,*>ge ( ! sev]al dep>tm5ts2 #c4 ,bran* ,libr>ians2 #d4 ,s5ior assi/ants2 #e4 ,junior assi/ants4 ,! qualifications ( ,deputy1 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,bran*es1 ,libr>ians-9-,*>ge & ,bran* ,libr>ians diff] f ^? ( ! ,*ief ,libr>ian 9 degree r ?an 9 k9d1 & to ^! positions only tra9$ m5 %\ld be appo9t$4 ,9 _m cases !y are appo9t$ f /aff1 n always to ! b5efit ( ! libr>y4 ,x is a s\nd plan to ?r[ op5 all ! high] appo9tm5ts 9 libr>ies to competition1 9 :i* competition1 ( c\rse1 any memb] ( ! exi/+ /aff %\ld be all[$1 )\t prejudice1 to compete4 ,"o ( ! mi/ak5 policies1 especially ( l>ge libr>ies1 has be5 to promote m5 because ( m]e l5g? ( s]vice4 ,su* s]vice is und\bt$ly valuable1 b is n necess>ily a pro( ( qualification = high] libr>y positions4 #gi4 ,deputy-,libr>ian4--,x may be affirm$ t appo9tm5ts to any s5ior position %\ld be subject to ! same pr9ciples1 & to conditions simil> to ^? gov]n+ ! appo9tm5t ( *ief libr>ians4 ,9 small libr>ies ! means at ! disposal ( ! committee d n always p]mit ( a sal>y suffici5t to attract a diplomate ( ! ,libr>y ,association1 or a man simil>ly qualifi$1 b no assi/ant :o is inexp]i5c$ or is )\t ! c]tificates ( ! ,libr>y ,association %\ld ev] be appo9t$ to ! important position ( ,deputy-,libr>ian4 ,! duties ( ! ,deputy-,libr>ian comprise ! :ole adm9i/ration ( ! libr>y sy/em "u ! *ief libr>ian1 ! g5]al sup]vision ( e dep>tm5t1 & ! direction ( ! duties ( ! :ole /aff4 ,he becomes act+-*ief libr>ian 9 e abs5ce ( 8 pr9cipal1 & %\ld be qualifi$ to assume ?is position bo? by 8 k & 8 p]sonality4 ,x is !re=e cle> t 8 te*nical tra9+ mu/ 9 g5]al be z s\nd & ca?olic z t ( 8 *ief2 & 9 addition to ?is quality1 he %\ld possess initiative1 discipl9>y p[]s1 discretion1 & loyalty to 8 *ief & to ! exi/+ sy/em4 ,9 detail 8 duties w v>y accord+ to ! size ( ! sy/em2 & 9 small libr>ies he w be m]ely ! sup]ior assi/ant1 tak+ "p 9 e op]ation 7except ! m]ely me*anical ones1 :i* may be p]=m$ by untra9$ juniors7 ( ! libr>y2 9 some:at l>g] libr>ies he may arrange ! h\rs & duties ( ! /aff & sup]9t5d !m1 & *eck all catalogu+ & classification4 ,9 ! l>ge/ libr>ies 8 "w is almo/ purely adm9i/rative4 ,! conditions ( ! appo9tm5t ( a ,deputy-,libr>ian are some:at difficult to describe1 ow+ to ! div]g5ces we h nam$4 ,he usually1 b n always1 works simil> h\rs to ! rema9d] ( ! /aff2 has 8 own (fice1 or1 at any rate1 private desk2 & is usually inve/$ ) consid]able au?ority4 ,x %\ld be ! aim ( ! *ief libr>ian to make ?is (fice a wor?y "o--& to see t only wor?y p]sons occupy x4 ,a good deputy gives tone to ! :ole /aff1 z he comes into m intimate contact ) x ?an ! *ief libr>ian4 ,! sal>ies paid to ,deputy-,libr>ians are aga9 matt]s :i* v>y2 !y range f #ajj to #cjj1 & 9 a few places to mu* high] sums ?an ?is4 ,9 ! la/ edition x 0 laid d[n t ! deputy %\ld receive a maximum ( n less ?an half ( t ( ! *ief2 b we ?9k any dogmatic /atem5t ( t k9d objectionable1 z be+ subject to numb]less v>iations 9 v>i\s places4 #hj4 ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,bran*es4--,?is libr>ian acts z a liaison (fic] betwe5 ! *ief libr>ian & ! bran* libr>ian 9 sy/ems :]e !re are _m bran* libr>ies4 ,he mu/ be qualifi$ to assess ! "w ( ea* libr>y & to co-ord9ate ! :ole bran* sy/em1 to look ov] "t-%eets1 exam9e into ! p]=mance ( ! assi/ants1 judge _! capacity & tra9+1 advise z to ! books requir$ 9 p>ticul> localities1 &1 9 g5]al1 make ! units ( ! sy/em smoo?-work+ p>ts ( a homog5\s :ole4 ,x is probable t a capable sup]9t5d5t is an economy ( "s consequ5ce 9 a l>ge sy/em4 ,few libr>ies1 h[ev]1 ) less ?an a doz5 bran*es possess su* an (fic]1 8 duties usually 9 o!r cases fall+ ^u ! *ief or deputy libr>ians4 ,! sup]9t5d5t is subord9ate to ! deputy-libr>ian1 & 8 sal>y is some?+ m ?an t ( a bran* or dep>tm5tal libr>ian4 #ha4 ,dep>tm5tal ,libr>ians4--,( rec5t ye>s ! t5d5cy 9 libr>y "w has be5 t[>ds specialization1 & 9 mo/ libr>ies ( any size assi/ants are giv5 m or less p]man5t *>ge ( dep>tm5ts1 & are usually call$ libr>ians-9-*>ge4 ,! libr>ian ( a bran* libr>y falls into ?is category al?\gh he may n occupy exactly ! same level on ! /aff z ! libr>ian-9-*>ge ( ! ref]5ce libr>y2 z1 also1 9 libr>ies :i* h su* dep>tm5ts1 does ! head ( ! catalogu+ /aff1 ! ord] division1 etc4 ,9 ! great libr>ies ! libr>ian-9-*>ge ( ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t is easily ! head ( ! grade we are discuss+1 z he mu/ obvi\sly be a p]son ( consid]able bibliographical acquirem5ts 9 addition to be+ ! possessor ( a complete libr>y tra9+1 & 8 "w lies ) inquir]s1 rese>* work]s1 & simil> read]s :o require skill$ & sympa!tic assi/ance4 ,9 ! majority ( libr>ies all libr>ians-9-*>ge are reg>d$ z (ficial equals4 ,_! sal>ies are obvi\sly gov]n$ by ! weal? & "w ( ! libr>y conc]n$1 b a r\gh calculation ranges !m at f ! inadequate m9imum ( #ij to ab\t #bej or m1 ) _m int]m$iate scales4 ,! duties ( a libr>ian-9-*>ge involve ! responsibility ( conduct+ ! dep>tm5t accord+ to ! prevail+ libr>y policy1 ! arrang+ ( ! duties ( ! /aff & ! see+ t !y are p]=m$1 ! tra9+ ( ! /aff1 ! ma9t5ance ( ord] 9 public rooms1 & ! exploit+ ( ! dep>tm5t to ! utmo/ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! public4 #hb4 ,libr>y ,c\ncils4--,9 "s libr>ies ! *ief libr>ians h =m$ ! deputy-libr>ian1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( bran*es & ! libr>ians-9-*>ge into a committee :i* is v>i\sly nam$1 b is commonly call$ by ! l>ge "n ( ! ,libr>y ,c\ncil1 :i* meets weekly or mon?ly 9 ! *ief libr>ian's (fice & discusses ! curr5t me?ods ( ! libr>y sy/em & ! means :]eby its activities may be improv$ & its influ5ce ext5d$4 ,su* a c\ncil has necess>ily only a consultative function1 & all decisions x rea*es are subject to ! *ief libr>ian4 ,regul> ag5da are (t5 us$ & m9utes kept ( su* meet+s1 & !y are surpris+ly fruitful 9 useful & practical sugge/ions4 ,ev5 q impractical sugge/ions %\ld be enc\rag$ at su* meet+s1 z !y (t5 ?r[ light on ! g5]al "w & lead to o!r sugge/ions ( a useful "*4 ,m & m bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & 9 ,am]ica ! *ief libr>ians are tak+ _! s5ior colleagues into _! confid5ce 9 ?is way1 & ?us a community ( int]e/ is creat$ & an en?usiasm is fo/]$ :i* are well wor? hav+4 #hc4 ,assi/ants4--,9 ,am]ica ! libr>y assi/ant is 9 ! be/ in/ances a p]son :o is a graduate ( a college or :o has _h a high s*ool education2 :o1 9 addition1 has tak5 a c\rse ( "o ye>1 or1 9 special in/ances1 two ye>s at a libr>y s*ool4 ,n all or ev5 ! majority ( assi/ants are ( ?is type1 z ! ,am]ican libr>y is unable to af=d a l>ge numb] ( work]s s highly qualifi$4 ,on ?is side ( ! ,atlantic ! ,am]ican sy/em is an impossible ideal 9 exi/+ circum/ances2 n "o libr>y 9 ! k+dom--except1 occasionally1 ! ,gov]nm5t libr>ies--c\ld pay ! initial sal>ies :i* su* tra9+ %\ld comm&4 ,inde$1 ! :ole "q ( /aff+ libr>ies is affect$ 9 mo/ adv]se mann] by ! inadequacy ( libr>y incomes4 ,assi/ants mu/ z a rule be *os5 f among/ "y p j leav+ s*ool--(t5 ,c\ncil elem5t>y or second>y s*ools4 ,!y are !re=e p 9 almo/ e s5se1 except1 x may be1 natural ability1 incapable at ! beg9n+ ( _! libr>y c>e] ( any?+ m ?an ! m]e me*anical tasks4 ,!y h to be educat$ be=e !y are tra9$ te*nically 9 mo/ cases4 ,to secure ! "r mat]ial x is becom+ ! practice to dem& ( c&idates = libr>y "w a fair g5]al k1 & ! ,libr>y ,association has ask$ t "s su* c]tificate z matriculation1 or ! ,ox=d & ,cambridge ,locals1 %\ld be requir$ ( !m4 ,:]e ! supply ( c&idates s qualifi$ does n exi/1 ! *ief libr>ian sets a simple qualify+ exam9ation pap] to te/ ! common s5se & education ( c&idates4 ,appo9tm5ts are usually made = a probation>y p]iod ( ab\t ?ree mon?s1 at ! end ( :i* "t x is possible to judge 9 a r\gh way :e!r ! y\ng/] w b5efit by libr>y tra9+ or n4 ,ow+ to ! limit$ prospects ! "w (f]s ! libr>ian has a moral obligation to see t appo9tees :o are unsuitable are enc\rag$ to seek o!r occupations z soon z _! unfitness = libr>ian%ip is prov54 ,:]e bo? sexes are employ$ exactly ! same type ( qualifications %\ld be requir$ f ea*1 & equal remun]ation %\ld be paid4 ,! small] sal>ies sometimes (f]$ to girls h ill results bo? ^u ! individual c&idates & ^u ! libr>y4 #hd4 ,h\rs4--,! la/ exhau/ive inquiry into ! h\rs work$ by municipal libr>y assi/ants 0 made by ! ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association 9 #aiaa1 :o embodi$ its results 9 a valuable report4 ,h\rs are naturally influ5c$ by ! prevail+ l5g? ( work+-"t 9 comm]ce & 9 o!r walks ( life4 ,! av]age numb] work$ 9 libr>ies 9 #aijh 0 #dh weekly2 9 #aiaa x 0 #debb2 b ! t5d5cy is to make x #db h\rs4 ,! difficulties :i* face a libr>ian 9 arrang+ a "t-%eet are t he has usually too small a /aff1 & _c af=d a l>g] "o1 & t ! libr>y is 9 _m or all ( its dep>tm5ts op5 f twelve to f\rte5 h\rs daily4 ,?is involves ev5+ "w on sev]al days 9 ! week1 & means t ! h\rs are irregul> & brok54 ,at ! same "t ! nature ( libr>y "w is exact+1 & mu* m effici5t "w c be expect$ f a sev5-h\rs'1 or ev5 %ort]1 day ?an f a long] "o4 ,/udy1 recreation & social exp]i5ce are absolutely necess>y = successful "w2 & "t-%eets %\ld be arrang$ to make ^! possible4 ,!re is no excuse :atev] = ! at "o "t prevail+ "t-%eets :i* requir$ assi/ants to "w f ab\t #i a4m4 to #i p4m4 ) an int]val ( #a h\rs = d9n] & a simil> int]val = tea4 ,! libr>ian ^: /aff is s small t ^! h\rs are necess>y to keep ! libr>y op5 is attempt+ at ! exp5se ( ! heal? & :ole natural life ( 8 /aff to d m "w ?an ! community has a "r to expect4 ,ev5 ) ! sev5-h\r day ! brok5 h\rs involv$ =m ! lea/ attractive feature ( libr>y "w4 ,! "t-%eet sugge/$ by ! ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association is giv5 z a practical solution ( "s ( ! difficulties we h enum]at$--n z an ideal b z ! result ( exp]i5ce4 ,x provides = a half-holiday weekly & = h\rs ( recreation & /udy4 ,x %\ld be ! aim to make ! use ( ! %eet regul>1 s t e assi/ant may "k :at ev5+s1 = example1 he has at 8 disposal ?r\gh\t ! ye>4 ,modifications are sometimes made dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 :5 ! "w is slack]1 9 ! direction ( giv+ ! assi/ants m free "t4 ,,sugge/$ ,,"t-,,%eet 7,,libr>y ,,assi/ants' ,,association7 #i #aj #aa #ab #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj ,,monday ,a ------------ ------------ ,b ------------ --------- ,c #h4de---------- ,d ------------ ------------ ,e ------------ ------------- ,f ------------ ---------- ,g ------------ ------------ ,h ------------ ---------- #i #aj #aa #ab #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj ,,tuesday ,a ------------ --------- ,b ------------ ------------ ,c ------------ ------------ ,d #h4de---------- ,e ------------ --------- ,f ------------ ------------ ,g ------------ --------- ,h ------------ ------------ #i #aj #aa #ab #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj ,,w$nesday ,a ------------ ,b ------------ --------- ,c ------------ ------------ ,d ------------ ------------ ,e #h4de---------- ,f --------- --------- ,g --------- ------------ ,h ------------ ------------ #i #aj #aa #ab #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj ,,?ursday ,a ------------ ------------ ,b ------------ ,c ------------ ------------ ,d ------------ ------------ ,e --------- ------------ ,f #h4de---------- ,g ------------ ------------ ,h ------------ ------------ #i #aj #aa #ab #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj ,,friday ,a ------------ ------------ ,b ------------ ------------ ,c ------------ --------- ,d ------------ --------- ,e ------------ ------------ ,f ------------ ,g #h4de---------- ,h ------------ ------------ #i #aj #aa #ab #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj ,,saturday ,a ------------ --------- ,b ------------ ------------ ,c ------------ --------- ,d ------------ --------- ,e ------------ ------------ ,f ------------ ------------ ,g ------------ ------------ ,h #h4de---------- ,,fig4 #f 7,section #hd74 ,h\rs ( duty #db p] week4 ,ea* assi/ant has a half-day & an ev5+ (f1 works "o night until #aj o'clock1 & comes on "o morn+ at #h4de4 ,! libr>y is assum$ to be op5 all ! week1 & :]e an e>ly-clos+ day is 9 vogue1 ! "t-%eet is simplifi$ by conf9+ ne>ly all ! half-holidays to t day4 ,! "t-%eet w\ld be mu* improv$ if #e p4m4 7 sub/itut$ = #f p4m4 on ! ev5+ (f2 an assi/ant leav+ at #f1 aft] he has _h a meal1 has v little ev5+ left4 ,x %\ld be ! endeav\r s to adju/ ! %eet t ea* assi/ant is (f e o!r ev5+1 ! half-day c\nt+ z "o4 ,local circum/ances w sugge/ v>iations1 :i* c easily be made4 #he4 ,! :ole /aff "q1 s f> z junior assi/ants are conc]n$1 may be modifi$ by ! ,education ,act ( #aiah4 ,?is has rais$ ! age at :i* *ildr5 may leave s*ool1 & requires ( !m "p-/udy until ! age ( #ah4 ,see+ t ! juniors at pres5t engag$ are ( #ad ye>s & upw>ds1 ?is may mean duplicate junior /affs1 ) accompany+ problems ( remun]ation4 ,x may be t specializ$ libr>y tra9+ may be accept$ 9 lieu ( ! cont9uation classes contemplat$ by ! ,act4 ,b ! matt] is at pres5t 9 a /ate ( transition1 & we c only indicate ! new problem4 #hf4 ,sunday ,"w4--,"s libr>ies rema9 op5 on ,sundays & on public holidays1 usually = a "p ( ! day4 ,ab\t half ( ^! pay extra remun]ation = h\rs work$ on ^! days2 o!rs all[ "t (f ?r\gh ! week = x2 & 9 "o or two places ,hebrew assi/ants are specially employ$ = ,sunday duty4 #hg4 ,junior ,assi/ant4--,! "w ( ! assi/ant 9 8 fir/ libr>y ye>s is l>gely me*anical3 ! prep>+ ( books = circulat+2 labell+1 c>d-writ+1 tagg+2 keep+ %elves 9 ord] & replac+ return$ books2 *>g+ & issue-desk "w ( ! simpl] k9d4 ,!re is mu* "w 9 e libr>y ( ?is unskill$ "* :i* =ms a useful tra9+ 9 bus9ess habits1 ord]1 regul>ity1 etc4 ,x is un=tunate1 h[ev]1 t ! smallness ( /affs (t5 makes x necess>y to put ! "w ( issu+ books to read]s 9 ! h&s ( juniors4 ,! actual *>g+ ( books is inde$ a me*anical process1 b its p]=mance is c>ri$ out at "o ( ! ma9 po9ts ( contact ) ! public :]e k & exp]i5ce are ( great value4 ,l>g] libr>ies h1 z a rule1 dep>tm5tal /affs :i* are conf9$ to ! "w ( ! p>ticul> dep>tm5t to :i* !y are accr$it$4 ,?is is und\bt$ly ! mo/ bus9ess-l & economical me?od2 b e assi/ant %\ld be giv5 ! opportunity ( le>n+ ! "w ( e dep>tm5t & %\ld be requir$ to d s4 ,?is may be done by transf]r+ ! assi/ants at n too l5g?y int]vals4 ,9 small] libr>ies ?is dep>tm5tal division does n exi/1 & an assi/ant may "w 9 ! l5d+ libr>y 9 ! morn+1 9 ! ref]5ce libr>y 9 ! ev5+1 & at a bran* to-morr[1 j z ! exig5cies ( ! s]vice dictate4 #hh4 ,s5ior ,assi/ant4--,! "n s5ior assi/ant is be/[$ ^u assi/ants ) a few ye>s' exp]i5ce & tra9+1 includ+ z a rule ! possession ( two or m c]tificates ( ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,!y occupy a position some:at analog\s to t ( non-commission$ (fic]s1 & act z reliefs to ! libr>ians-9-*>ge4 ,(t5 !y are made responsible = "s bran* ( ! r\t9e1 z1 = example1 book-b9d+1 default]s1 regi/ration ( borr[]s1 etc41 & ?is is a good me?od1 provid$ t any "o assi/ant is n conf9$ rigidly & = too long to "o task4 ,a s5se ( responsibility is a useful quality :i* c be fo/]$ 9 ?is way4 ,usually s5ior assi/ants are promot$ f ! junior /aff1 b n always2 & x is becom+ a g5]al condition ( promotion to ?is grade t ! c&idate %all h tak5 "s "p ( ! ,libr>y ,association c\rse4 ,promotion %\ld nev] be made unless ! c&idate has %[n a disposition to qualify 9 "s su* mann]4 #hi4 ,"w ,book4--,x is a good plan to use a "w book or duty book1 9 :i* ! daily duties ( ea* assi/ant c be ent]$4 ,by means ( su* a book x is easy to *ange ! "w ab\t1 9 ord] to give e assi/ant an opportunity ( do+ ev]y?+ 9 turn2 & x is necess>y because ( ! *anges work$ on ! composition ( ! /aff by ! "t-%eet4 ,a good =m ( "w book = a libr>y :]e ! /aff is n dep>tm5tal is %[n 9 ! rul+ bel[1 :i* c be adju/$ to meet ! conditions 9 l>ge libr>ies4 ,! names or numb]s ( ! assi/ants are writt5 or pr9t$ 9 ! m>g91 & aga9/ ^! ! p>ticul> duty1 or set ( duties1 to be p]=m$ t day are writt54 ,?is book is g5]ally made up by ! deputy-libr>ian & *eck$ by ! libr>ian4 ,9 small libr>ies ! libr>ian c write up ?is record4 ,ap>t f its value z a simple means ( di/ribut+ & fix+ duties1 x makes a capital record ( visitors or call]s1 errors1 abs5ces ( /aff1 progress ( c]ta9 pieces ( "w1 *ecks ( v>i\s k9ds1 & may ev5 be us$ z a /aff "t-book4 ,! =m giv5 on page #ib 7,fig4 #g7 is a guide to ! "w ( a libr>y & a *eck ^u results4 ,= conv5i5ce' sake ! assi/ants are numb]$ 9 ord] ( s5iority4 #ij4 ,! me?od ( us+ ?is book is v simple4 ,if !re are t5 assi/ants or "u1 "o page only is us$1 ea* memb] ( ! /aff receiv+ an appropriate numb]4 ,if !re are m ?an t5 assi/ants two pages mu/ be us$1 ! numb]s on ! second page hav+ ! figure #a prefix$ to !m1 & ! #aj be+ alt]$ to #bj4 ,?us page #b w appe> z #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 etc4 ,if !re are m ?an tw5ty assi/ants a ?ird page c be us$1 ! exi/+ numb]s hav+ #b prefix$ z be=e4 ,ea* assi/ant on arriv+ or dep>t+ ent]s on ! 8,"t-,%eet0 8 or h] exact "t 9 ! spaces res]v$1 beg9n+ ! day ) ! fir/ column4 ,! assi/ants :o *eck & tidy a to d 9 ! morn+s write _! initials opposite ! p>ticul> duty1 :ile ^? :o att5d to ! *>g+ sy/em1 date /amps1 ov]dues & ca% = *ange also initial ! item1 ! am\nt ( *ange be+ /at$4 ,aga9/ ea* assi/ant's numb] is writt5 8 or h] duties = ! day4 ,! fir/ page or pages ( ! "w book %\ld be res]v$ z a key1 & ! names ( ! assi/ants %\ld be writt5 aga9/ ! numb]s :i* repres5t !m4 ,! column 8,new ,ord]s0 is = new in/ructions = all ! /aff4 ,^! %\ld be ent]$ briefly 9 r$ ink f ! bottom t[>ds ! top ( ! page4 ,! ,notes l9es w receive all items specifi$ & any o!r notable incid5ts occurr+ 9 ! c\rse ( ea* day1 su* z 8,breakd[n ( ,electric ,light10 8,drunk5 man expell$10 etc4 ,! "w book mu/ be kept 9 "o recogniz$ place1 & e assi/ant %\ld be held responsible = ent]+ up 8 own notes & "t4 ,any note ( a g5]al k9d mu/ be ent]$ by ! s5ior (fic] pres5t on duty4 ,! "w book %\ld be submitt$ to ! *ief libr>ian e morn+4 -------------------------------#i------- ------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,date 44444444444444444444444444444 ,"t-,%eet4 ,daily ,*ecks4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,arr4,dep4,arr4,dep4,arr4,dep4,dep>tm5t4 ,initial4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #a a ,ref]5ce #b b ,l5d+ #c c ,read+ ,room #d d ,juv5ile #e e ,ov]dues #f f ,*>g+ ,sy/em #g g ,*ange 7money7 #h h #i j #aj k ,new ,ord]s4 #a #ad #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #aj ,notes4--,call]s1 ,compla9ts1 ,errors1 ,lo/ or ,f\nd ,prop]ty1 etc4 ,v ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,fig4 #g4--,/aff ,"w ,book 7,section #hi74 #ia4 ,sal>ies4--,sal>ies are ! mo/ difficult "q ! libr>y pr(ession has to meet4 ,up to ! pres5t few libr>y work]s h be5 paid m ?an a liv+ wage1 & _m h receiv$ b>ely t4 ,x is obvi\s t increases 9 ?is direction are ess5tial 9 ! new conditions2 b x is equally obvi\s t no libr>y %\ld sp5d s mu* 9 sal>ies t x is unable to pur*ase new books or to adm9i/] !m4 ,we saw 9 ,section #ca t ! av]age am\nt sp5t on sal>ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 0 ab\t #db p] c5t4 ( ! entire income2 & ! /aff1 includ+ ! *ief libr>ian1 mu/ be recomp5s$ f ! sum repres5t$4 ,! foll[+ figures %[ :at 0 paid 9 ! v>i\s positions 9 #aiaa3-- ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,income ( ,libr>y,libr>ians 9 ,s5ior ,junior ,au?ority4 ,*>ge4 ,assi/ants4,assi/ants4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #ejj- #a1jjj #gc-ajj #df- #hj #ai-eb #a1jjj- #a1ejj #ed- #fe #eh- #ij #ai-eb #a1ejj- #b1jjj #hd-abj #gg-abe #bd-fe #b1jjj- #c1jjj #gh-ahj #hd- #ie #bj-fj #c1jjj- #d1jjj #abb-bej #fe-ajj #bf-hj #d1jjj- #e1jjj #ajg-afj #ij-acj #bf-fe #e1jjj-aj1jjj #adh-bbe #ajj-agj #bi-gh #aj1jjj & ov] #ie-afj #ajh-agj #bf-ef ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,fig4 #h4--,sal>ies paid 9 #aiaa4 ,x w be se5 t ^! 8actual0 figures are full ( anomalies & div]g5ces1 & ! inadequacy ( paym5t !y reveal is 9 "s grades positively rem>kable4 ,! ,european ,w> has produc$ conditions "u :i* x is impossible = _m ( ^! paym5ts to su/a9 life1 & ! case = bett] paym5t is an imp]ative "o4 ,at ! same "t ! argum5t is n = increas$ sal>ies out ( pres5t libr>y means1 b = increas$ libr>y means :]e) to pay increas$ sal>ies4 ,any o!r c\rse1 9 pres5t circum/ances1 w\ld lead _m libr>ies into bankruptcy4 ,sal>ies are subject to d$uction1 9 ! case ( assi/ants e>n+ less ?an #bej p] annum1 = ,national ,heal? ,insurance2 & 9 "s t[ns hav+ sup]annuation s*emes1 contributions1 am\nt+ on ! av]age to #b p] c5t41 are exact$ = t purpose4 ,! foll[+ sal>y scale = junior & s5ior assi/ants has be5 us$ 9 small] libr>ies ^: incomes exce$ #ajjj3-- ,juniors--#a/ ye> #bf #j #j #bnd #ca #d #j #crd #cf #h #j #d? #da #ab #j ,s5iors--#a/ #eb #j #j #bnd #fb #j #j #crd #gb #j #j #d? #hb #j #j #e? #ib #j #j #f? #ajd #j #j 7,?us1 an assi/ant mu/1 z a rule1 wait t5 ye>s 9 ord] to e>n two p\nds a week67 ,all sal>ies1 :e!r paid mon?ly or weekly1 %\ld n be subject to any d$uction on acc\nt ( abs5ces f illness 7except 9 s f> z ! matt] is gov]n$ by ,national ,heal? ,insurance rules71 holidays1 or o!r causes4 ,! annual increases %\ld only be grant$ provid$ ! report ( ! *ief libr>ian is satisfactory4 ,no assi/ant %\ld be all[$ to hold ! view t increases 9 sal>y are automatic & n dep5d5t ^u satisfactory s]vice4 ,x is a good plan to arrange = ! :ole ( ! /aff increases to become due at ! same date1 s t !y c all be consid]$ at "o meet+ ( ! committee4 #ib4 ,vacation4--,! "t grant$ = annual holidays ranges f ?ree weeks or m = deputy libr>ians & dep>tm5tal libr>ians to "o week = juniors4 ,a week or t5 days is n suffici5t = re/ & *ange1 & a =tnight is ! m9imum t %\ld be all[$4 #ic4 ,/aff ,tra9+4--,9 pres5t circum/ances e libr>y %\ld h a def9ite (ficial sy/em ( tra9+ = its /aff1 & e assi/ance 9 & inducem5t to /udy %\ld be giv54 ,! l[ sal>ies paid 9 libr>ies dem& t assi/ants %all at lea/ receive 9 "p return ! be/ equipm5t t c be giv5 !m4 ,! fir/ ess5tial is g5]al education approximat+ to matriculation1 & def9ite /udy ( lit]ature %\ld be requir$ f ! fir/ ye>4 ,:]e su* tra9+ has n be5 acquir$ previ\sly1 junior assi/ants %\ld be requir$ to read 9 su* mann] t !y may at ! age ( sixte5 take ! ,prelim9>y ,te/ (f]$ by ! ,libr>y ,association1 & no assi/ant %\ld be reta9$ p]man5tly1 9 8 own int]e/s z well z 9 ^? ( ! libr>y1 :o is unable to pass t ,te/4 ,n until ! ,te/ is pass$ %\ld assi/ants be enc\rag$ to /udy ! m te*nical divisions ( ! ,libr>y ,association syllabus4 ,*ief libr>ians %\ld sup]vise ! tra9+ ( ! :ole /aff & hold p]iodical brief exam9ations to conv9ce !mselves t x is be+ pursu$ sy/ematically4 ,e libr>ian-9-*>ge %\ld be held responsible = direct+ ! /udies ( 8 subord9ates1 & 9 small libr>ies ! deputy-libr>ian %\ld assume ?is duty4 ,"s libr>ies h /aff guilds :i* hold regul> classes1 sometimes ) outside tea*]s 9 special subjects2 & ! plan is to be comm5d$4 ,all books t may be requir$ %\ld be provid$ by ! libr>y1 & class fees & exam9ation exp5ses are paid 9 _m t[ns--a me?od :i* des]ves univ]sal adoption4 ,e pr(essional c]tificate won %\ld comm& "s f9ancial recomp5se1 h[ev] small2 &1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 promotion %\ld be giv5 only to assi/ants :o hold c]tificates4 ,9 a few libr>ies1 b 9 an increas+ numb]1 a c]ta9 am\nt ( /udy is all[$ 9 (ficial h\rs2 ?is is a matt] ( "t-%eet arrangem5t1 z sporadic read+ 9 ord9>y libr>y h\rs is n to be enc\rag$4 #id4 ,! ,libr>y ,economy ,libr>y4--,! f\ndation ( all tra9+ is a collection ( works on libr>y economy & bibliography4 ,a libr>y )\t ?is is n prop]ly equipp$1 & "s libr>ies h mu* to seek 9 ! matt]4 ,e recogniz$ text-book on ! !ory & practice ( e dep>tm5t ( libr>ian%ip1 all libr>y p]iodicals1 ! be/ examples ( catalogues1 bullet9s1 read+ li/s1 annual reports1 & ! /&>d bibliographies1 %\ld be available on ! free/ conditions to ! :ole /aff4 ,"s libr>ies set ap>t a def9ite fund = ! pur*ase ( su* works2 & its exp5diture is "o ( ! be/ ultimate economies 9 :i* a committee c engage4 ,moreov]1 ! in/itution :i* o/5sibly provides ! lit]ature ( all o!r pr(essions is obvi\sly 9 a ridicul\s position if x does n provide ! lit]ature ( libr>ian%ip4 ,9 ,app5dix ,,ii4 we give a li/ ( ! works :i* %\ld =m ! pr(essional collection ( e libr>y ( av]age size2 & ev5 small libr>ies %\ld endeav\r to become possess$ ( ! majority ( !m4 #ie4 ,wom5 ,libr>ians & ,assi/ants4--,! employm5t ( wom5 9 libr>ies is n univ]sal 9 ?is c\ntry1 & v few wom5 hold ! position ( *ief libr>ian1 & ^! only ( small libr>ies4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ! proportion ( wom5 libr>ians & assi/ants is ne>] #ie p] c5t4 ?an ! #ad or #ae p] c5t4 ( ,brita94 ,!re c h>dly be a d\bt1 h[ev]1 t wom5 w be m ext5sively employ$ 9 ,briti% municipal libr>ies ?an !y h be5 hi!rto4 ,9 l>ge t[ns x is becom+ increas+ly difficult to obta9 & reta9 ! s]vices ( intellig5t lads :o w devote !mselves to ! "w1 & x is unnecess>y to affirm n[adays t a well-educat$1 intellig5t girl is j z suitable = public libr>y "w z a well-educat$ lad4 ,if wom5 are employ$ 9 libr>ies1 !y %\ld be paid at ! same rate z m5 or lads p]=m+ simil> duties4 ,!re is no reason :y a woman %\ld be paid less ?an a man = do+ exactly ! same "w4 ,ev]y?+ recomm5d$ reg>d+ qualifications1 duties1 etc41 %\ld apply to wom5 z well z to m54 ,x is ! op9ion ( "s libr>ians t1 if wom5 are employ$1 ! /aff %\ld be compos$ entirely ( !m1 z a mix$ /aff requires v>i\s k9ds ( sep>ate accommodation4 #if4 ,c>etak]s4--,a satisfactory janitor or c>etak]1 g5]ally speak+1 is a valuable memb] ( /aff1 & is r>e4 ,a good man seldom /ays v long1 s easy is x = him to seek & obta9 promotion4 ,c>etak]s' wages v>y all ov] ! c\ntry1 accord+ to ! size ( ! libr>y1 am\nt ( "w & p]quisites4 ,9 cases :]e a resid5ce is provid$1 x is usual to secure ! s]vices ( a man & 8 wife1 & furni% him ) a uni=m & ! usual light1 coal1 etc4 ,9 su* cases ! wages are usually less ?an :5 a man has to f9d 8 own resid5ce4 ,f #bes4 to #cjs4 weekly is ! wage giv5 :5 a h\se is provid$4 ,9 o!r in/ances1 accord+ to circum/ances1 ! wages v>y f #bgs4 #f;d4 to #ejs4 weekly4 ,9 l>ge libr>ies extra assi/ance %\ld always be provid$1 & ! clean+ %\ld be done e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be=e ! h\r ( op5+4 ,a suffici5t /aff ( clean]s %\ld be provid$ to enable ?is to be done )\t int]f]+ ) ! s]vice ( ! public4 ,?ree h\rs e morn+ %\ld suffice to clean any libr>y1 & x is important to employ pl5ty ( help4 ,! wages ( clean]s v>y f #i;d4 an h\r d[nw>ds1 b x is m (t5 ! practice to pay s mu* a week accord+ to circum/ances4 ,rates = ?is class ( "w diff] s mu* t x is impossible to d m ?an r\ghly indicate a possible basis4 ,a c>etak] %\ld be made responsible to ! libr>ian = ! cleanness & ord] ( ! build+1 & 8 duties %\ld include a c]ta9 numb] ( h\rs' att5dance 9 uni=m z g5]al ov]se] ( ! rooms & _! frequ5t]s4 ,x is imp]ative t ?is (ficial %\ld n be all[$ to develop ! attitude ( a ,jack-9-(fice1 & 9 all 8 patrol "w c\rtesy & firmness %\ld be requir$4 ,eight or n9e h\rs daily %\ld be consid]$ full "t = a c>etak]1 & suitable arrangem5ts mu/ be made to enable him to rema9 (f duty at h\rs :5 ! bus9ess is quiet4 ,9 l>ge libr>ies x is cu/om>y to employ m ?an "o janitor or c>etak]4 #ig4 ,/aff & ,public4--,x is mo/ important t good relations %\ld exi/ betwe5 read]s & ! :ole ( ! /aff4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t "o or two ov]be>+ assi/ants c r5d] a public libr>y m unpopul> ?an almo/ any?+ else4 ,assi/ants %\ld s*ool !mselves to endure ) philosophy ! imp]t95ce ( ! small numb] ( ! g5]al public :o contrive to make !mselves objectionable 9 e t[n1 & n visit on ! heads ( ! in(f5sive majority ! s9s ( ! inconsid]ate few4 ,! /aff ( e public libr>y %\ld le>n z a fir/ lesson t !y are ! s]vants & n ! ma/]s ( ! p1 & t mutual self-respect c be ma9ta9$ )\t undue famili>ity on ! "o side or alo(ness on ! o!r4 ,! sup]cili\s 8(ficial0 attitude1 ) :i* public s]vants are s frequ5tly cr$it$1 is to be completely repress$ & kept "u1 & ! public %\ld be taught to appreciate _! own libr>ies1 & to und]/& t ! doors ( a municipal libr>y are always op5 to receive & welcome e class ( citiz54 ,at ! same "t1 pref]5ce %\ld n be %[n = any p>ticul> frequ5t] or gr\p ( frequ5t]s1 & gossip+ mu/ be suppress$4 #ih4 ,/aff ,accommodation4--,9 libr>ies ( e size private rooms ( suitable dim5sions %\ld be provid$ = ! libr>ian & ! assi/ants2 ) "w- & /ore-rooms = ! /aff & c>etak]4 ,! libr>ian's room 9 small libr>ies may be made l>ge en\gh to s]ve z a committee room1 & 9 all cases %\ld h sep>ate lavatory accommodation4 ,a l>ge safe or /rong room is (t5 atta*$ to ! libr>ian's room1 or 9 a secure "p ( ! basem5t1 9 :i* to /ore valuable docum5ts & books4 ,x %\ld be %elv$ to conta9 su* docum5ts z regi/]s1 m9utes & o!r local records 9 a conv5i5t mann]1 & %\ld be kept well v5tilat$ & dry = ! safe pres]vation ( its cont5ts4 ,/rong rooms v>y 9 size f #d feet #f feet #h feet1 to l>ge ap>tm5ts #bj feet #bj feet & upw>ds4 ,! usual furni%+s ( a libr>ian's room comprise a desk1 table1 book%elves1 *airs1 hat & umbrella /&1 & o!r (fice furniture4 ,/aff mess-rooms %\ld be fitt$ ) tables1 *airs1 cupbo>ds1 ) a lock] = ea* assi/ant1 cook+ app>atus & o!r appliances4 ,"w-rooms = /aff use mu/ be fitt$ to suit ! class ( "w c>ri$ on1 :e!r catalogu+ or prep>+ books1 b9d+ or fil+4 ,/ore-rooms = g5]al purposes & = ! use ( ! c>etak] %\ld also be provid$1 fitt$ ) all necess>y cupbo>ds & %elv+4 ,sep>ate /aff rooms & lavatory accommodation %\ld be provid$ 9 libr>ies ) /affs compos$ p>tly ( m51 p>tly ( wom54 ,,bibliography ,c[ell1 ,pet]4 ,public ,libr>y ,/affs1 #ahic1 ,l4,a4 ,s]ies1 #c4 ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association4 ,report on ! ,h\rs1 ,sal>ies1 ,tra9+1 & ,conditions ( ,s]vice 9 ,briti% ,municipal ,libr>ies1 #aiaa4 ,l4,a4,a4 ,s]ies1 #d4 ,brooklyn ,public ,libr>y4 ,rules = ! ,guidance ( ! ,/aff1 #aijf4 ,mi*igan ,univ]sity4 ,libr>y ,/aff ,manual1 #aiab4 ,bodleian ,libr>y4 ,/aff ,manual4 ,annually4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,e #bj-dc1 ,/aff ,managem5t4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,libr>y ,,associations #ii4 ,al?\gh !re is no su* co-ord9ation ( libr>ies z !re is ( s*ools "u c5tral ,gov]nm5t control1 & !re=e n ! same app>5t necessity = comb9ation among/ libr>ians1 ! libr>y pr(ession is closely l9k$ by means ( libr>y societies to :i* e libr>ian ) any claims to consid]ation is atta*$4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! societies is ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 :i* has ne>ly #djjj memb]s2 & _m cont95tal ,european c\ntries h su* societies4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ! pr9cipal societies are ! ,libr>y ,association & its bran*es1 & ! ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association4 #ajj4 ,! ,libr>y ,association4--,?is body1 :i* is ! c5tre & controll+ =ce ( ,briti% libr>ian%ip1 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahgg at ! ,fir/ ,int]national ,libr>y ,conf]5ce1 :i* 0 held 9 ,london4 ,9 #ahih x receiv$ a ,royal ,*>t] by :i* x became ! responsible repres5tative body ( ! pr(ession4 ,its objects z set out 9 ! ,*>t] are to unite all p]sons engag$ or int]e/$ 9 libr>ies by means ( conf]5ces & meet+s = ! discussion ( bibliography & all o!r phases ( libr>ian%ip2 to promote ! bett] adm9i/ration ( libr>ies2 to improve ! position & qualifications ( libr>ians2 to promote ! adoption ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts & ! e/abli%m5t ( ref]5ce & l5d+ libr>ies = use by ! public2 to wat* & promote legislation affect+ public libr>ies2 to enc\rage bibliographical /udy & rese>*2 to publi% in=mation ( s]vice to ! memb]s or :i* 9 any way fur!rs ! int]e/s ( ! ,association2 to collect & ma9ta9 a libr>y & museum2 to hold exam9ations 9 libr>ian%ip & to issue c]tificates ( effici5cy2 & to ma9ta9 9 e lawful way ! int]e/s ( libr>ies & _! work]s4 ,! ,association is n purely pr(essional4 ,x seeks ! co-op]ation 9 memb]%ip ( libr>y au?orities1 memb]s ( libr>y committees & all p]sons :o are int]e/$ 9 libr>ies1 z well z libr>y work]s !mselves4 ,! presid5cy ( ! ,association has until q rec5tly usually be5 held by a public man :o 0 n a libr>ian4 ,! executive is a c\ncil consi/+ ( presid5t1 pa/ presid5ts1 honor>y secret>y1 solicitor & treasur]1 & twelve memb]s ( any grade repres5t+ ,london1 & tw5ty repres5t+ ! rema9d] ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 :o1 ) ! exception ( ! pa/ presid5ts1 are elect$ annually4 ,! memb]%ip consi/s ( ,honor>y ,fell[s1 ,fell[s1 ,memb]s1 ,associate ,memb]s & ,/ud5t ,memb]s4 ,! ,honor>y ,fell[%ip is giv5 = di/+ui%$ s]vice to ! objects ( ! ,association2 ,fell[s are hold]s ( ! ,libr>y ,association diploma1 *ief libr>ians :o held (fice be=e ,decemb] #aiad1 &1 9 "s in/ances1 libr>ians :o are graduates ( univ]sities2 ,memb]s are libr>ians#b :o hold f\r pr(essional c]tificates & h _h ?ree ye>s' approv$ libr>y exp]i5ce1 or libr>ians #be ye>s ( age or m1 :o held (fice be=e ,decemb] #aiad & h _h n less ?an six ye>s' approv$ exp]i5ce2 ,associate ,memb]s are libr>ians n qualifi$ z ,fell[s or ,memb]s1 & non-libr>ians2 ,/ud5t ,memb]s are p]sons "u #be ye>s ( age :o are /udy+ = libr>ian%ip2 & libr>ies & in/itutions are receiv$ z ,in/itution ,memb]s4 ,fell[s & ,memb]s h ! "r ( us+ ! initials ,f4,l4,a4 & ,m4,l4,a4 respectively aft] _! names s long z !y rema9 subscrib+ memb]s4 ,! entrance fee to all grades ( memb]%ip is "o gu9ea1 & ! annual subscription is also "o gu9ea1 except = ,/ud5t ,memb]s1 :o pay a half-gu9ea ye>ly4 #b ,! ^w 8libr>ian0 includes 8libr>y assi/ant40 ,aft] all1 8libr>ian0 is ! "n ( a memb] ( a pr(ession1 n ! hold] ( a position4 ,! s*eme ( classification ( memb]s set out 9 ! la/ p>agraph has be5 9 op]ation s9ce #aiad1 & 9 c\rse ( "t ! classes w %[ ! degrees ( qualification possess$ by _! memb]s4 ,9 #aiad1 h[ev]1 _m q undi/+ui%$ p 7 made ,fell[s simply because !y held ! *ief (fice 9 a libr>y1 h[ev] small or badly manag$ t in/itution might be4 ,h]eaft]1 if ! ,c\ncil c>ries out its duties prop]ly1 z !re is e reason to believe x w1 only m5 & wom5 qualifi$ by a se>*+ exam9ation w become ,fell[s or ,memb]s4 ,all classes ( memb]s 7except /ud5t memb]s1 :o d n vote7 enjoy equal privileges 9 ! ,association4 ,! ,association holds mon?ly meet+s f ab\t ,novemb] to ,june 9 ,london1 at :i* pr(essional pap]s are read & discuss$4 ,x also holds an ,annual ,conf]5ce1 usually e>ly 9 ,septemb]1 :5 x is g5]ally ! gue/ ( "s municipality1 & :5 ! great] "p ( its memb]s =ega!r = ! discussion ( libr>y que/ions4 ,! ,annual ,conf]5ce is ! pr9cipal libr>y ev5t ( ! ye>1 & e libr>y work] :o c %\ld att5d1 z m is to be le>n$ dur+ t week ?an 9 _m mon?s ( solit>y read+ or /udy ( libr>y problems4 ,libr>y committees %\ld n only enc\rage _! libr>ians to att5d2 !y %\ld s5d delegates ( _! own memb]s1 & 9 ! case bo? ( ^! & ( ! libr>ians1 defray _! exp5ses4 ,! pap]s & discussions are publi%$ 9 ,! ,libr>y ,association ,record1 ! mon?ly (ficial j\rnal ( ! ,association1 :i* is issu$ free to all memb]s4 #aja4 ,educational ,"w4--,f ! /&po9t ( ?is book ! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ! ,association's "w is t ( its ,education ,committee4 ,! ,committee holds exam9ations ye>ly 9 ,may1 & ! s*eme ( exam9ation = ! ,diploma includes six provisional exam9ations1 a language te/1 a !sis1 &1 if desirable1 fur!r oral exam9ation1 etc41 z foll[s3 7a7 ,provisional c]tificates are grant$ =3 #a4 ,lit]>y ,hi/ory4 #b4 ,elem5ts ( ,practical ,bibliography4 #c4 ,classification4 #d4 ,catalogu+4 #e4 ,libr>y ,hi/ory1 ,f\ndation & ,equipm5t4 #f4 ,libr>y ,r\t9e4 7b7 ,a satisfactory essay ^u "s aspect ( ea* ( ! above subjects is requir$ z "p ( ! exam9ation4 7c7 ,practical exp]i5ce ( n less ?an #bd h\rs a week = at lea/ #c ye>s z a memb] ( ! adm9i/rative /aff ( "o or m libr>ies approv$ by ! ,c\ncil4 7d7 ,a !sis %[+ orig9al ?\ght or rese>* on "s subject )9 ! purview ( ! syllabus1 ! subject be+ previ\sly approv$ by ! ,c\ncil4 7e7 ,a c]tificate approv$ by ! ,c\ncil1 %[+ an elem5t>y k ( ,lat9 or ,greek1 & "o mod]n =eign language4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( su* c]tificates ! c&idates may be exam9$ by g5tlem5 appo9t$ by ! ,c\ncil4 ,ea* ( ! exam9ations may at pres5t be tak5 sep>ately2 & ! me?od ( prep>ation is left to ! individual c&idates4 ,x may be by individual read+1 by ! correspond5ce classes provid$ by ! ,association1 or by att5dance at ! c\rses ( lectures :i* ! ,association also provides4 ,no /ud5t1 h[ev]1 is admitt$ to ! exam9ation :o has n pass$ matriculation1 ! s5ior ,ox=d or ,cambridge ,local1 or "s simil> exam9ation4 ,= ^? :o _c obta9 "o ( ^! c]tificates1 ! ,association prescribes its own ,prelim9>y ,te/ 7held 9 ,may & ,octob]71 :i* consi/s ( pap]s 9 ! g5]al s*ool subjects & 9 su* matt]s z w te/ ! c&idate's p[]s ( obs]vation & 8 common s5se4 ,! ,association publi%es a ye>ly ,syllabus sett+ =? 9 detail ^! conditions1 a detail$ synopsis ( ! requir$ subjects1 li/s ( text-books1 classes1 etc41 & a full li/ ( c]tificate-hold]s4 ,! address ( ! ,association is at ,caxton ,hall1 ,we/m9/]1 ,london4 ,we conclude ^! rem>ks by say+ t libr>ians may be judg$ by _! relations ) ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,memb]%ip is 9 a broad s5se ! seal ^u _! exp]i5ce & qualifications2 & ! ca?olicity ( ! ,association's educational "w & its record ( activity on behalf ( libr>ies & libr>ians comm& ! respect & adh]5ce ( all :o are likely to read ?is book4 ,no libr>y work] ( :atev] grade ^: income exce$s #ajj a ye> %\ld consid] x consi/5t ) 8 self-respect to rema9 outside ?is ,association4 #ajb4 ,! ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association4--,?is is a purely sectional association = assi/ants 9 municipal & in/itutional 7b n comm]cial l5d+7 libr>ies1 & 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahie by ! memb]s ( "o ( ! ,libr>y ,association ,summ] ,s*ools1 to educate & to protect ! special int]e/s ( assi/ants1 & to provide !m ) a fre] plat=m ?an ! ,libr>y ,association seem$ to (f]4 ,by means ( mon?ly meet+s held ?r\gh\t ! w9t] at v>i\s libr>ies1 ! read+ ( pap]s1 discussions1 etc42 by /udy circles1 summ] s*ools1 int]national visits to libr>ies1 & o!r activities1 x has *ang$ = ! bett] ! :ole tone ( ! libr>y s]vice1 & has won = itself a di/9ct place among/ pr(essional associations4 ,x is organiz$ on l9es simil> to ^? ( ! ,libr>y ,association1 be+ gov]n$ by a ,presid5t1 ,honor>y ,treasur]1 & ,honor>y ,secret>y & a ,c\ncil ( t5 ,london & t5 non-,london memb]s4 ,its memb]%ip is ( ,honor>y ,fell[s1 elect$ = special di/9ction or s]vices2 ,fell[s :o are *ief libr>ians :o 7 =m]ly memb]s2 ,memb]s1 assi/ant libr>ians e>n+ sal>ies ( #eb p] annum & m2 & ,associates1 assi/ants e>n+ less ?an #eb4 ,! ,association has sev]al bran*es2 ma9ta9s a good pr(essional libr>y 7h\s$ at ! ,c5tral ,public ,libr>y1 ,isl+ton72 issues free to all memb]s a mon?ly j\rnal1 ,! ,libr>y ,assi/ant2 & has be5 responsible = v>i\s valuable brief publications includ$ 9 ! 8,l4,a4,a4 ,s]ies40 ,! subscriptions = memb]%ip are #es4 p] annum = ,fell[s & ,memb]s1 & #bs4 #f;d4 = ,associates4 ,! value ( ! ,association has be5 widely recogniz$1 & libr>y assi/ants1 ( :atev] age or rank1 w\ld s]ve _! own int]e/s & ^? ( _! pr(ession by adh]+ to x4 #ajc4 ,o!r ,societies4--,o!r purely libr>y ,societies :i* may be m5tion$ are ! ,panizzi ,club & ! ,society ( ,public ,libr>ians4 ,! ,panizzi ,club1 :i* 0 f\nd$ 9 #aiad1 is ma9ly compos$ ( univ]sity1 ,gov]nm5t & in/itutional--b n municipal--libr>ians4 ,x has n yet publi%$ any proce$+s1 & is int]e/$ 9 ! compil+ ( co-op]ative bibliographies1 & 9 do+ su* o!r "w z w co-ord9ate & improve ! s]vice ( ! libr>ies x repres5ts4 ,! ,society ( ,public ,libr>ians is a small body ( libr>ians :i* meets 9 ,london = ! read+ & discussion ( pap]s4 ,x does n seek to add to its memb]%ip except by ! nom9ation ( exi/+ memb]s4 #ajd4 ,societies :i* are n ma9ly = libr>ians1 b :i* are ( consid]able int]e/ to !m1 are ! ,bibliographical ,society & ! ,museums ,association4 ,! ,bibliographical ,society1 f\nd$ 9 #ahib1 has its headqu>t]s at #bj ,hanov] ,squ>e1 ,london1 ,w4#a1 & exi/s = ! promot+ ( ! /udy ( ! book & manuscript ma9ly 9 _! hi/orical & bibliographical *>act]i/ics4 ,x meets mon?ly = ! read+ & discussion ( pap]s1 & publi%es1 to memb]s only1 valuable works on matt]s )9 its prov9ce4 ,! annual subscription is "o gu9ea1 & ! entrance fee is a simil> sum4 ,! ,museums ,association1 f\nd$ 9 #ahhi1 has = its object ! br++ toge!r ( museum (ficials1 memb]s ( museum committees1 & o!rs int]e/$ 9 museum "w = mutual discussion & help4 ,its memb]%ip is made up ( p]sons :o pay a subscription ( "o gu9ea p] annum1 & associates :o pay a half-gu9ea4 ,an annual meet+1 usually la/+ f\r days1 is held 9 ,july1 :5 pap]s are read & discuss$4 ,! ,museums ,j\rnal1 publi%$ mon?ly1 conta9s ! transactions4 #aje4 ,/aff ,guilds1 etc4--,x w be appropriate to say a little "h ab\t ! private organizations ( libr>y /affs1 kn[n z guilds1 or clubs1 :i* are becom+ a feature ( l>g] libr>ies "h & 9 ,am]ica4 ,! memb]s ( ! /aff b& !mselves toge!r = mutual improvem5t & recreation ) a committee *os5 ( _! own numb]s to direct _! activities4 ,^! latt] include classes 9 libr>y economy1 lit]ature1 & o!r subjects ( int]e/ to assi/ants = ! y\ng] memb]s ( ! /aff1 & read+ circles1 elocution classes1 etc41 = ! old] ones4 ,recreations1 z cricket1 swimm+1 walk+1 photography & o!r sports1 are also arrang$ by ! guilds2 & at ,croydon !re is an annual excursion :i* is recogniz$ by ! public1 ! libr>ies be+ clos$ = ! purpose on ! *os5 day4 ,croydon1 ,fulham & ,glasg[ h issu$ /aff magaz9es 9 connection ) _! clubs2 ^! are usually cyclo/yl$ publications4 ,! ,isl+ton club has di/+ui%$ itself = social ga!r+s1 & ! ,new ,ye>'s ga!r+ ( ! ,glasg[ club is "o ( ! features ( ! libr>y ye>4 ,wisely conduct$1 ^! guilds h a great influ5ce = good1 are an inc5tive to /udy1 & produce t bett] "w :i* comes f mutual und]/&+ among/ libr>y work]s4 ,!y %\ld be recogniz$ by ! libr>y committee & ! *ief libr>ian1 b %\ld be p]fectly autonom\s4 #ajf4 ,,bibliography ,libr>y ,assi/ant4 ,libr>y ,association ,record4 ,libr>y ,association ,ye> ,book4 ,?orne1 ,w4 ,b4 ,! ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association3 an outl9e ( its developm5t & "w4 8,libr>ian0 ,s]ies1 #b4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,a #a-bdc1 ,libr>y ,associations4 ,,division ,,iv ,,build+s ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,!ory ,,& ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks #ajg4 ,!ory4--,al?\gh ! subject ( libr>y build+s has be5 frequ5tly treat$ by v>i\s writ]s1 !re is a lack ( lit]ature on ! important "q ( size limitation & ! modifications aris+ !refrom4 ,controv]sy has rag$ r\nd su* que/ions z /acks v]sus alcoves1 g5]al v]sus special read+ rooms1 g5]al v]sus sep>ate book /ores1 & s on1 b on ! mu* m important "q1 8,:at size is ! libr>y to be80 h>dly any !ories or def9ite /atem5ts exi/4 ,beyond a vague g5]al recomm5dation to secure z l>ge a site z possible1 9 view ( future ext5sion1 writ]s on libr>y ar*itecture h n committ$ !mselves to any pr9ciple :i* w\ld guide ^? responsible = new libr>y build+s 9 e/imat+ ! provision to be made4 ,! *ief reason = ?is is no d\bt ! *]i%$ tradition t libr>ies are to be made z l>ge z possible1 because !y are ! repositories ( ! lit]ature ( ! ages & ! /oreh\se = e k9d ( pr9t$ matt]4 ,! museum idea ( a public libr>y1 h[ev]1 is n[ giv+ place to ! work%op idea1 & few libr>ians n[adays ( av]age-siz$ municipal libr>ies hold ! view t x is _! function to provide & reta9 e book1 irrespective ( its value or appeal1 & to attempt to rival ! ,briti% ,museum or ,biblio?que ,nationale on a r$uc$ scale4 #ajh4 ,!re are sev]al v important consid]ations to be advanc$ 9 fav\r ( limit+ libr>ies bo? z reg>ds book /orage & accommodation = read]s1 & ^! %all be set out 9 ord]4 ,h[ev] mu* "o may sympa?ize ) ! view t all public libr>ies ought to collect ev]y?+--on ! gr\nds t x may "o day be us$1 & t no?+ :i* illu/rates pa/ life1 cu/oms1 etc41 %\ld be ignor$--x is only fair to po9t out t ?is "w is already be+ done effectively by g5]al or special libr>ies 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is p>ticul> =m ( lit]ature cons]vation is ! *ief prov9ce ( ! great ,/ate libr>ies l ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pat5t ,(fice1 ,india ,(fice1 ,national ,libr>ies ( ,irel& & ,wales1 etc42 ! univ]sity libr>ies2 ! end[$ or special libr>ies l ! ,advocates' 7,ed9burgh71 ,mit*ell 7,glasg[71 ,john ,ryl&s 7,man*e/]72 ! great propriet>y libr>ies ( a special k9d l ! ,royal ,colonial ,in/itute1 ,a!num ,club1 ,signet 7,ed9burgh71 ,london ,libr>y1 etc42 & sci5tific1 law & collegiate libr>ies ( all k9ds4 ,! burd5 ( c>ry+ on ?is tradition ( univ]sal g>n]+ ne$ n be borne by municipal libr>ies1 except 9 ! case ( great t[ns su* z ,birm+ham1 ,glasg[1 ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/] & ,bri/ol1 :]e ! libr>ies may reasonably be expect$ to be z repres5tative z possible4 #aji4 ,! work%op =m ( public libr>y provides = ! sy/ematic & cont9u\s revision ( ! /ock ( ! libr>y1 & 9 ?is way x becomes practicable to fix a r\gh limit to ! size ( a build+4 ,?is is a mo/ important matt]1 because x is und\bt$ly ! result ( a g5]al cultivation ( ! museum idea :i* has l$ to ! =mation ( "s municipal libr>ies1 a great portion ( ^: cont5ts c\ld be disc>d$ )\t p]ceptible inconv5i5ce to anyone4 ,:ile ! wisdom ( acquir+ additional l& = future ext5sion1 %\ld x be requir$1 c be admitt$1 ! wisdom ( erect+ & furni%+ l>ge build+s on ! assumption t !y ought to be fill$ z spe$ily z possible c be que/ion$ safely4 ,! result ( ov]build+ is to cripple ! e>ly & mo/ critical ye>s ( ! libr>y's exi/5ce ) heavy loans & _! repaym5t1 :ile ! upkeep ( a great build+ ultimately design$ to accommodate #ajj1jjj volumes & #ejj read]s1 ?\gh />t+ ) only #aj1jjj volumes & #ajj read]s1 is sure to be out ( all proportion4 ,libr>y build+s %\ld be> "s proportion to ! funds available = _! ma9t5ance & ! p]c5tage ( ! public !y are likely to attract4 #aaj4 ,! *ief dang] ) mo/ libr>y au?orities is ! t5d5cy to erect a libr>y build+ hav+ no relation to ! funds available = its ma9t5ance4 ,! laudable desire = a h&some ar*itectural ext]ior1 :i* all public build+s ought to h1 is frequ5tly c>ri$ to su* an ext5t t utility is completely sacrific$ to an ornam5tal outside appe>ance4 ,:]e funds are pl5tiful1 z !y w\ld be )\t a limit$ rate1 !re is no reason :y a f9e-look+ build+ %\ld n be provid$1 b :]e money is /rictly limit$ x is necess>y to consid] ! plans r ?an ! elevation4 ,9 any case1 ! int]ior arrangem5ts %\ld nev] be subord9at$ to ! desire = m]e outw>d %[ & ornam5t1 & a libr>y build+ 9 ! h&s ( a compet5t ar*itect c be made ( a suitable & dignifi$ design not)/&+ ! rate limitation4 ,9 too _m cases mo/ ( ! money provid$ = libr>y build+s has be5 sp5t on ! /ructure1 ) ! result t ! int]ior fitt+s h be5 cut d[n to ! *eape/ & meane/ v>ieties4 ,! outside ( a libr>y build+ is its lea/ important feature1 & %\ld nev] be s extravagant z to imp]il ! utility & appe>ance ( ! int]ior arrangem5ts4 ,!re are libr>y build+s n[ exi/+ on :i* mu* money has be5 lavi%$ app>5tly = ! purpose ( provid+ faades to dazzle ! t[nsfolk1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 are n only inconv5i5tly plann$ inside1 b furni%$ & fitt$ up 9 a /yle :i* sugge/s a kit*5 r ?an a public in/itution4 ,?is is (t5 br\ght ab\t by a wrong division ( ! money borr[$ = build+ & furni%+ purposes4 ,a sum is set ap>t = furniture1 :i* w\ld be ample if su* p]man5t fitt+s z book%elves1 c\nt]s1 scre5s1 etc41 7 n includ$4 ,b :5 ^! are provid$ out ( a furniture loan x is seldom t a l>ge en\gh sum is borr[$4 ,x is important to rememb] t su* fitt+s z bookcases1 c\nt]s1 scre5s1 wall newspap] slopes1 b>ri]s1 lifts1 gall]ies1 etc41 =m p]man5t p>ts ( ! build+1 & ought to be includ$ 9 ! build+ loan1 :i* c be borr[$ = ?irty ye>s4 ,a furniture loan mu/ be repaid )9 t5 ye>s1 & only su* movable items z tables1 *airs1 desks1 (fice furniture1 etc41 %\ld be b\ght f ?is fund4 #aaa4 ,assum+1 also1 t a build+ mu/ be provid$ :i* w be> "s relation to ! numb] ( p]sons :o w be attract$1 ! /ock to be h\s$1 & ! funds available = ma9t5ance1 ! foll[+ factors are pres5t$ z a basis f :i* e/imates c be made3-- ,x has be5 def9itely asc]ta9$ t #f p] c5t4 ( ! population ( ! av]age t[n become borr[]s4 ,= ?is numb] ! av]age /ock ( books provid$ 9 l5d+ libr>ies is ?ree p] borr[]4 ,books are kept out on an av]age t5 days ea*1 or twelve days non-fiction1 eight days fiction4 ,9 a ye> ( #cjf days ea* borr[] w read ab\t ?irty books4 ,"h1 !n1 is a basis f :i* to />t 9 provid+ accommodation = a l5d+ libr>y4 ,if a t[n has #ej1jjj inhabitants1 x w attract #cjjj borr[]s1 :o w require #ijjj volumes z a m9imum l5d+ /ock4 ,! annual issue %\ld be #ij1jjj volumes4 ,x foll[s t ! m9imum l5d+ libr>y accommodation 9 a case l ?is %\ld comprise %elv+ = #ijjj volumes1 & lobby or o!r spaces = at lea/ sev5ty-five p]sons pres5t at "o "t4 ,9 !ory an issue ( #cjj p] day %\ld mean an av]age h\rly att5dance ( ?irty p] h\r1 b 9 actual practice x mu/ be recogniz$ t borr[]s att5d at unc]ta9 p>ts ( ! day1 & mo/ commonly dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree h\rs 9 ! ev5+2 !re=e x is safe to all[ = ! accommodation ( at lea/ "o-f\r? ( ! daily av]age numb] ( visitors4 ,_m l5d+ libr>ies are ov]%elv$ ow+ to a failure to recognize ! possibility ( revision ( /ock & ! equally important fact t ! be/ %elv+ = books is 9 ! homes ( ! p4 ,! same rules apply to all ! o!r dep>tm5ts4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,sites ,,& ,,plans #aab4 ,?is *apt] is ( a purely practical "*1 ) illu/rations f well-kn[n examples ( libr>y plans4 ,except 9 ! necess>y precaution>y rem>ks made already1 x has be5 ?\ght undesirable to dwell ^u ! elevations ( libr>ies & ! relative desirability ( faades1 al?\gh mu* might be said ^u ! subject & x is wor?y ( c>eful att5tion4 ,su* a discussion1 h[ev]1 c\ld be useful only if a long s]ies ( illu/rations 7 giv5 rang+ say f ! ,new ,york & ,pittsburgh public libr>ies1 ! ,national ,libr>y ( ,wales1 ! ,liv]pool ,public ,libr>y & ! ,mit*ell ,libr>y at ,glasg[1 :i* are l>ge & h&some ar*itectural edifices1 to ! m mode/ b satisfactory small build+s su* z ^? at ,bromley1 ,h]ne ,hill & ,wallasey4 ,al?\gh a c]ta9 common "* is to be f\nd 9 small] municipal libr>y elevations1 & especially 9 ,c>negie libr>ies1 !re is no di/9ctive type ( elevation peculi> to libr>ies :i* imm$iately sugge/s ! purpose ( ! build+s4 ,?is is "o ( ! ?+s to be desir$ 9 ,briti% ar*itecture1 z x is fair to expect t su* build+s %\ld be bo? arti/ic & appropriate1 if su* results c be rea*$ )\t ! sacrifice ( ev5 m important consid]ations4 #aac4 ,x is premis$ t all c5tral libr>ies require c]ta9 dep>tm5ts1 includ+ ref]5ce & l5d+ libr>ies1 newspap] room1 magaz9e 7or p]iodicals7 room1 *ildr5's room1 lecture room1 & adm9i/rative dep>tm5ts--libr>ian's (fice1 catalogu+ room1 /ore rooms1 /aff rooms1 cloak rooms1 etc4 ,too (t5 ! provision made = adm9i/rative & /aff purposes is inadequate1 & ! libr>y suff]s greatly 9 consequ5ce4 ,bran* libr>ies d n1 z a rule1 h ref]5ce rooms1 al?\gh accommodation = a collection ( quick-ref]5ce books is necess>y1 & 9 _m bran* libr>ies newspap] & magaz9e rooms are comb9$4 ,all ! ap>tm5ts premis$ above are n pres5t 9 all build+s4 ,old] libr>ies h no sep>ate provision = *ildr51 & inde$ "w ) *ildr5 on a l>ge scale is q a rec5t developm5t ( libr>y activity1 b ! desirability ( su* a dep>tm5t is made cle> 9 ,division ,,xiii4 ,lecture rooms are r>] /ill1 because ( ! peculi> view tak5 by legal au?ority t lectures are n )9 ! prov9ce ( libr>ies2 & 9 "s ( ! l>g] cities lecture "w is adequately c>ri$ out by o!r in/itutions4 ,a mod]n libr>ian1 h[ev]1 reg>ds a lecture room z a necess>y "p ( 8 build+1 & ev5 9 ! l>g] cities lectures :i* are purely libr>y lectures1 hav+ a direct be>+ ^u ! use ( books1 c be giv5 satisfactorily only 9 direct connexion ) ! libr>y4 #aad4 ,sites4--,9 *oos+ sites = public libr>y build+s committees %\ld be> 9 m9d ! foll[+ pr9ciples3-- #a4 ,!y %\ld be c5tral & easily accessible f all p>ts ( ! di/rict1 by tramways or o!r conveyances4 #b4 ,!y %\ld be z f> z possible isolat$ f all o!r build+s1 p>ticul>ly %ops4 #c4 ,quiet side /reets are pref]able to noisy ma9 ?or\ghf>es4 #d4 ,level sites are pref]able to ^? on /eep gradi5ts4 #e4 ,m gr\nd ?an is requir$ = imm$iate use %\ld be secur$ if possible4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! public libr>ies ( ! c\ntry are erect$ ^u l& :i* has be5 pres5t$ to ! t[ns1 & an endeav\r %\ld be made to procure a gift ( ?is k9d be=e a pur*ase is made4 ,x w make a consid]able diff]5ce to ! size & quality ( ! build+ :i* c be provid$ if l& has to be pur*as$4 ,frequ5tly l& c be secur$ ^u a long lease at a nom9al or pepp]corn r5t1 & :5 ?is c be done x is bett] ?an borr[+ m money ?an ! rate w all[1 & !reby crippl+ ! libr>y 9 its e>ly ye>s4 ,9 ! tables 9 ,section #ca no direct provision is made = loans = sites1 b if x is necess>y t money mu/ be borr[$ = ! purpose1 ! m>g9 :i* is m5tion$ z aris+ f incid5tal receipts1 w probably meet ! annual repaym5ts ( a loan spread ov] fifty ye>s1 if ! site & its pur*ase money are n excessive4 ,b 9 any case1 let ! advice to committees be reit]at$ n to borr[ money = sites till !y h exhau/$ e hope ( induc+ "s public-spirit$ citiz5 or public body to come =w>d ) a gift ( l&4 ,?is is ! only way1 save 9 t[ns ) v l>ge incomes1 9 :i* ! inadequate provisions ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts c be 9 "p ov]come4 ,at ! same "t x %\ld be rememb]$ t by ^! & o!r ,acts ( ,p>liam5t special p[] is giv5 to t[n c\ncils & o!r public bodies to convey l& to libr>y au?orities = build+ purposes4 #aae4 ,! ,ar*itect4--,:5 a suitable site has be5 secur$ x is usual to in/itute a competition = ! plann+ & design ( ! build+4 ,?is is n necess>ily ! be/ me?od2 inde$1 we are ( op9ion t m satisfactory results are obta9$ if a reputable ar*itect is engag$ )\t competition o!r ?an 8 previ\s record e/abli%es = him 9 comp>ison ) o!r ar*itects1 :o w c>ry out ! directions ( ! committee4 ,! importance ( appo9t+ a pr(essional libr>ian be=e any s]i\s /ep is tak5 or p]man5t arrangem5t is made has already be5 po9t$ out4 ,no plan %\ld be drawn up or accept$ )\t su* skill$ guidance z he c give4 ,! mi/akes made 9 ! pa/ ?r\gh neglect ( ?is precaution are a w>n+ to committees nev] to tru/ to _! own *oice & judgm5t1 & n to rely entirely ^u an ar*itect1 :o is (t5 unacqua9t$ ) ! be/ arrangem5ts = work+ a public libr>y1 h[ev] great 8 arti/ic & te*nical qualifications may be4 ,assum+ t a compet5t libr>ian has be5 appo9t$1 ! fir/ ?+ to d aft] secur+ a site is to det]m9e ! size & k9d ( build+ requir$1 & to make out a r\gh plan ( ! int]ior arrangem5ts & prep>e a specification ( requirem5ts or in/ructions to ! ar*itect4 ,if a competition is det]m9$ ^u1 a limit$ "o is pref]able to any op5 "o1 unless !re are local or o!r reasons aga9/ su* a c\rse4 ,9 ! case ( an op5 competition1 adv]tisem5ts %\ld be ins]t$ 9 ! local pap]s1 & 9 ,! ,ar*itect1 ,build] & ,build+ ,news1 invit+ ar*itects to compete1 & ask+ !m to apply = ! conditions4 ,premiums %\ld be fix$ = ! designs plac$ fir/1 second & ?ird 9 ord] ( m]it by ! assessor :o judges ! plans4 ,^! mu/ be regulat$ by ! size & /yle ( ! build+4 #ej1 #cj & #bj h be5 (f]$ = build+s co/+ #djjj & upw>ds4 ,premiat$ designs become ! prop]ty ( ! committee4 ,! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects1 ,london1 %\ld be ask$ to nom9ate an assessor at a fee to be det]m9$1 & ( c\rse su* assessor w n be a competitor4 ,x is usual to m]ge ! premium ( ! successful ar*itect ^: design is c>ri$ out into ! fee paid him = sup]9t5d+ ! "w1 :i* am\nts to #e p] c5t4 on ! co/ ( ! build+1 includ+ all extras4 #aaf4 ,in/ructions & ,plan4--,! in/ructions to ! competitors %\ld be accompani$ by a plan ( ! site drawn to qu>t]- or eigh?-in* scale1 & %[+ build+ l9e & anci5t lights1 if any4 ,!y %\ld specify ! am\nt & k9d ( accommodation requir$ on ea* floor1 & /ate t ! co/ %\ld n exce$ a c]ta9 sum exclusive ( movable furniture4 ,p]man5t fitt+s %\ld include bookcases1 wall & /&>d2 scre5s1 c\nt]s1 wall slopes = newspap]s1 b>ri]s1 & any o!r k9d ( fixture4 ,! conditions z reg>ds premiums1 assess+1 etc41 %\ld be s5t ) ! in/ructions & site plan4 ,all competitive designs %\ld be drawn to ! same scale 7"o-f\r? or "o-eigh? in*71 & %\ld be f9i%$ 9 black )\t col\r or ornam5t4 ,p]spective draw+s1 9 addition to elevations1 may be s5t at ! discretion ( ea* competitor4 ,ea* set ( draw+s %\ld include a plan ( e floor1 %[+ propos$ arrangem5t ( bookcases1 c\nt]s1 furniture1 etc42 an elevation ( e face2 & a section ?r\gh ! build+ bo? ways4 ,pl5ty ( "t %\ld be all[$ = ! s5d+ 9 ( designs2 ?ree mon?s at lea/ f date ( adv]tisem5t4 ,usually ! assessor draws up ! in/ructions1 & aft]w>ds circulates answ]s to any que/ions :i* may be put by ! competitors4 #aag4 ,selection ( ,plan4--,! compet+ draw+s %\ld be s5t 9 unm>k$ 9 any way1 b %\ld be numb]$ 9 ord] ( receipt1 s t ! assessor & committee _c recognize ! au?or4 ,! competitor's "n & address %\ld be s5t sep>ately 9 a seal$ envelope m>k$ on ! outside ) ! same numb]1 & "s su* words z 8ar*itect's "n & address10 to prev5t accid5tal op5+4 ,x is ! duty ( ! assessor to advise ! committee z to ! practicability ( e design2 to det]m9e if x is 9 accordance ) ! in/ructions2 to asc]ta9 if x c be c>ri$ out = ! am\nt /at$2 & to judge :i* designs are fir/1 second & ?ird 9 ord] ( m]it aft] fulfill+ ! conditions ( ! in/ructions4 #aah4 ,! foll[+ rules = judg+ libr>y plans w be f\nd useful2 !y are bas$ on a wide exp]i5ce ( plann+ 9 all its dep>tm5ts1 & c be us$ by ar*itectural assessors & libr>ians z a guide3-- #a4 ,no public room %\ld be made a ?or\ghf>e lead+ to any o!r public room4 #b4 ,all exits f public rooms %\ld be )9 view ( ! /aff4 #c4 ,ov]sight ( public rooms %\ld1 if possible1 be secur$ )\t ! ne$ = special (fic]s 9 e room4 ,= ?is purpose ornam5tal glaz$ p>titions are pref]able to solid walls4 #d4 ,no passage = public traffic %\ld be less ?an #d feet wide4 ,:]e movable *airs are us$ ! passages %\ld be f #f to #h feet wide4 #e4 ,cross gangways betwe5 table & bookcase-ends %\ld n be less ?an #c feet if us$ z ?or\ghf>es1 b may be #b feet only if simply spaces to enable read]s or assi/ants to pass r\nd4 #f4 ,bookcases %\ld n exce$ #g feet #f in*es 9 height ei!r 9 op5 access or clos$ libr>ies1 & %elves %\ld be ( ! uni=m l5g? ( #c feet1 unless = folio & qu>to /ock1 :5 #ah in*es w be f\nd bett]4 ,= fiction wall %elves 9 op5 access libr>ies1 ! dep? %\ld n exce$ #g in*es4 #g4 ,/&>d bookcases 9 op5 access libr>ies %\ld be spac$ at n less ?an #f feet ap>t :5 fac+ ea* o!r1 & 9 clos$ libr>ies at n less ?an #c feet ap>t4 #h4 ,magaz9e room read]s %\ld be all[$ n less ?an #ab sup]ficial feet ea*1 includ+ table & passage room4 #i4 ,ref]5ce libr>y read]s %\ld be all[$ n less ?an #ah sup]ficial feet1 includ+ table & passage room4 #aj4 ,:]e indicators are us$ 9 l5d+ libr>ies ! c\nt] space %\ld provide #e feet run = e #djjj volumes /or$1 or #ae in*es p] #ajjj numb]s1 & at lea/ #aj feet run ( cle> space = s]vice4 ,! public space 9 front ( any su* c\nt] %\ld n be less ?an #aj feet wide1 unless 9 a v small libr>y1 :5 x may be #f4 #aa4 ,9 op5 access l5d+ libr>ies ! spaces %\ld n be less ?an ^? %[n 9 ,no4 #g above4 ,z a g5]al rule x w be f\nd easy & fairly accurate to all[ #bj squ>e feet to e borr[] e/imat$ to be pres5t at "o "t1 & disreg>d ! provision ( /ock4 ,9 ?is calculation all[ance is made = gangways1 /ock & read]s4 #ab4 ,all[ n9e volumes p] foot run 9 l5d+ libr>y %elv+1 & eight volumes p] foot run 9 ref]5ce libr>y %elv+4 ,a #g foot #f in* bookcase %\ld give an av]age ( eight %elves p] ti] 9 a l5d+ libr>y1 & ab\t ! same 9 a ref]5ce libr>y1 if sep>ate provision is made 9 wall cases = folio & o!r l>ge books4 #ac4 ,public lobbies & /aircases mu/ be arrang$ accord+ to ! rules laid d[n by any local or g5]al build+ act or bye-law4 #ad4 ,newspap] slopes %\ld all[ an av]age ( #d feet run = e pap]4 ,?is w provide = spaces betwe5 pap]s4 ,9 "s t[ns ! competition designs = libr>y build+s h be5 plac$ on exhibition1 to enable ! public & o!r int]e/$ p]sons to comp>e ! premiat$ ) ! o!r draw+s4 ,?is seems an admirable proc$ure1 reg>d$ z a m]e matt] ( policy1 b ! practical advantage is some:at d\btful4 #aai4 ,libr>y ,plann+4--,9 subsequ5t *apt]s are set out 9 detail "s ( ! *ief requirem5ts ( ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( a public libr>y1 & "h may be not$ a few g5]al pr9ciples1 illu/rat$ ) plans4 ,x is impossible to fix any data :i* w apply to all sizes & %apes ( sites1 on acc\nt ( diff]5ces introduc$ by difficulties ( light+1 approa*es & v>y+ local requirem5ts4 ,! data giv5 above 7,section #aah7 c be appli$ 9 mo/ cases1 z dim5sions ( ?is class seldom v>y1 b any additional data are c]ta9 to be modifi$ by local conditions4 ,! *ief pr9ciple to be emphasiz$ is ! "o already /at$1 t public libr>ies %\ld be con/ruct$ & /ock$ ) ! view to con/ant revision1 & t _! size %\ld be limit$ by ! numb] ( live books likely to be want$ at any p]iod4 ,x is difficult to say :at ! numb] ( actually liv+ books w be at any giv5 p]iod1 b judg+ by ! selections :i* h be5 made 9 hi/ories ( lit]ature & 9 su* books z ,sonn5s*e9's ,be/ ,books1 x may be r\ghly e/imat$ t !re are ab\t #ej1jjj works ( p]5nial int]e/ :i* are wor? /or+ 9 a mod]n work%op libr>y4 ,ev5 ?is numb] c\ld be r$uc$ by "o-half & /ill be made fairly repres5tative ( e lit]ature1 p]iod & subject ( human int]e/4 ,9 ! l>ge/ municipal libr>ies a v consid]able proportion ( ! /ock is compos$ ( duplicates ( popul> books 9 c5tral & bran* libr>ies1 :ile practically "o-half ( ! /ock ( su* libr>ies consi/s ( lit]ature :i* is r>ely us$4 ,! provision ( book-/orage %\ld1 !re=e1 be limit$ 9 ! case ( municipal libr>ies1 n s mu* by ! size ( build+ :i* c be af=d$ by ! income1 b by ! actual liv+ books :i* are likely to be requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #i4--,sket* ,plan = a ,small ,t[n ,libr>y 7,section #aai74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aj4--,nor? ,isl+ton ,libr>y1 ) ,read+ ,room on ,gr\nd ,floor 7,section #abj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aa4--,nor? ,isl+ton ,libr>y1 ) ,l5d+ ,dep>tm5t on ,fir/ ,floor 7,section #abj74 ,9 libr>ies :i* />t ) incomes ( #ejj1 provision %\ld n be made = m ?an #bj1jjj volumes4 ,9 ^? ) comm5c+ incomes ( #ajjj to #bjjj room1 = #dj1jjj volumes w be f\nd ample4 ,f #bjjj to #cjjj1 #fj1jjj volumes2 f #cjjj to #djjj1 #ajj1jjj volumes2 f #djjj to #ejjj1 #acj1jjj volumes2 f #ejjj to #fjjj1 #afj1jjj volumes1 & s on4 ,be>+ ^! figures 9 m9d1 ! plann+ ( libr>y build+s becomes greatly simplifi$4 ,! ma9 po9ts to be aim$ at 9 libr>y plann+ are good light1 conv5i5t access to rooms1 a fair am\nt ( ov]sight1 & ! arrangem5t ( dep>tm5ts s z to secure quiet 9 ! pr9cipal read+ rooms4 ,= ?is la/ reason ! ref]5ce libr>y %\ld be put f>!/ away f bo? newsroom & l5d+ libr>y1 s t ! traffic ( ^! dep>tm5ts w n di/urb read]s4 ,9 small libr>ies x is be/ & mo/ conv5i5t to keep ! :ole ( ! dep>tm5ts on "o floor1 obta9+ light1 if necess>y1 f ! ro(4 ,! sket* plan1 ,fig4 #i1 %[s a conv5i5t arrangem5t = su* a libr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ab4--,lambe? 7,h]ne ,hill ,bran*7 ,op5 ,access ,libr>y ) ,radiat+ ,/acks 9 a ,squ>e ,room 7,section #aba74 #abj4 ,! plans :i* are giv5 9 ?is section illu/rate ! pr9cipal po9ts rais$4 ,!y w also s]ve z sugge/ions to committees1 libr>ians & ar*itects *>g$ ) ! e/abli%m5t ( new libr>y build+s4 ,figs4 #aj & #aa repres5t a build+ design$ to be work$ on ! op5 access sy/em 9 ea* dep>tm5t1 & 9 e respect x is a model ( good arrangem5t & conv5i5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ac4--,montrose ,op5 ,access ,l5d+ ,libr>y 7,section #aba74 #aba4 ,! pr9ciple ( radiation to secure ov]sight & ease ( work+ is well illu/rat$ 9 ?is plan4 ,! next plan 7,fig4 #ab7 %[s ! plan ( radiation appli$ to an op5 access l5d+ dep>tm5t 9 a squ>e room1 & "h x is obvi\s t consid]able loss ( space is su/a9$ 9 ! angles4 ,! same objection applies to ! arrangem5t ( ,figs4 #ac & #ad4 ,figs4 #aj & #aa %[ ! *ildr5's room & g5]al read+ room on ! gr\nd floor1 & ! l5d+ libr>y on ! fir/ floor1 toge!r ) a lecture room4 ,x is argu$ 9 fav\r ( ?is t few] p g to ! l5d+ dep>tm5t ?an to ! read+ room1 & t ! plan is !re=e m conv5i5t4 ,9 practice x has be5 f\nd an admirable arrangem5t4 ,figs4 #ae & #af %[ ! arrangem5t ( a l>ge libr>y1 fully equipp$ ) all dep>tm5ts1 & 9 ?is ! radial arrangem5t ( bookcases 9 ! l5d+ libr>y has n be5 adopt$ because ( ! %ape ( ! room4 ,ano!r plan on ! same pr9ciple 7,fig4 #bg7 illu/rates an op5 access libr>y )\t radiat+ bookcases1 & a d\ble entrance & exit c\nt]4 ,an int]e/+ arrangem5t = a small op5 access libr>y is af=d$ by ! ,fulham ,nor? ,libr>y1 design$ by ! late ,frankl9 ,t4 ,b>rett1 9 :i* ! l5d+ dep>tm5t is %[n 9 a gall]y surr\nd+ a read+ room on ! gr\nd floor 7,fig4 #ag74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ad4--;,bromley 7,k5t7 ,op5 ,access ,l5d+ ,libr>y ) ,radiat+ ,/acks 9 a ,squ>e ,room 7,section #aba74 ,?is ,libr>y has n[ be5 re-arrang$1 & ! radiat+ /acks arrang$ 9 p>allel ord]4 #abb4 ,! foll[+ plans ( clos$ libr>ies1 work$ on v>i\s sy/ems1 speak = !mselves1 & %[ cle>ly ! v>iety ( ways 9 :i* ?is k9d ( libr>y c be arrang$4 ,fig4 #ah %[s a semi-circul> c\nt] ) ! books arrang$ beh9d1 ! borr[]s' space be+ flank$ by a read+ room & juv5ile room4 ,figs4 #ai & #bj are arrang$ ) long c\nt]s provid+ = indicators = fiction & c>d *ang+ = non-fiction1 ) ! o!r dep>tm5ts gr\p$ r\nd4 ,fig4 #ba %[s an indicator occupy+ ! sides ( a l>ge lobby on ! fir/ floor1 & ,fig4 #bb a plan = work+ a libr>y on ! op5 access sy/em = non-fiction1 & ! indicator = fiction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ae4--;,isl+ton ,c5tral ,libr>y4 ,gr\nd ,floor ,plan 7,section #aba74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #af 7,section #aba74 #abc4 ,! plan on p4 #abi %[s a case 9 :i* ! arrangem5ts are design$ z a compromise betwe5 :ole & p>tial op5 access1 ! l5d+ dep>tm5t hav+ op5 access = non-fiction & ! clos$ sy/em = fiction 7,fig4 #bb74 ,x is d\btful if any advantage arises f ?is compromise1 & c]ta9ly read]s are d5i$ ! privilege ( ref]r+ f class to class1 & cut (f f ! pleasure ( see+ ! :ole ( a classifi$ collection ( books at "o "t4 ,! great additional mutual ov]sight ( read] ov] read] is also lo/1 & !re is always ! suspicion atta*+ to su* a compromise t a fav\r$ class has be5 creat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ag4--;,fulham 7,nor?7 ,libr>y ,plan1 %[+ ,op5 ,access ,l5d+ ,libr>y on ,fir/ ,floor & ,read+ ,room1 ?r\gh ,well1 on ,gr\nd ,floor 7,section #aba74 #abd4 ,build+ ,specification & ,contracts4--,! specification = ! build+ on :i* build]s are requir$ to t5d] w be prep>$ by ! ar*itect1 & x is usual 9 mo/ cases to h ! quantities ab/ract$ by a surveyor1 s t contractors c all t5d] = ! same ?+4 ,! surveyor's fee1 #a p] c5t4 to #a p] c5t41 accord+ to ! total am\nt1 is usually includ$ 9 ! specification1 z are also all[ances = o!r extras1 su* z f\ndation-/ones1 memorial tablets1 & su* items z pres5tation tr[els1 etc41 if a f\ndation-/one lay+ is made a public c]emony4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ah4--,/ ,pancras ,c5tral ,libr>y 7a propos$ build+71 %[+ ,l5d+ ,dep>tm5t arrang$ = ,indicator ,*>g+ 7,section #abb74 #abe4 ,! contract = ! build+ may be publicly adv]tis$ 9 su* j\rnals z ! ,contract ,j\rnal1 ,build]1 ,build+ ,news & ! local newspap]s1 or may be conf9$ to a few select$ firms1 & ! t5d]s %\ld1 :5 receiv$1 be op5$ at a meet+ ( ! libr>y au?ority1 to :i* ! firms :o t5d] may be invit$4 ,:5 a contract is accept$ & sign$ x %\ld conta9 a clause specify+ t all extras mu/ be sanction$ by ! libr>y au?ority be=e be+ put 9 h&1 & mu/ be c]tifi$ by ! ar*itect :5 complet$4 ,x is well to avoid extras by mak+ a c>eful e/imate 9 advance1 b if !y are suppli$1 great precaution mu/ be us$ to see t !y are limit$ & /rictly wat*$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ai4--;,glasg[ ,bran* ,libr>y1 ,plan & ,elevation 7,section #abb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bj4--;,glasg[ ,bran* ,libr>y1 ,plan & ,elevation 7,section #abb74 #abf4 ,a cl]k ( works mu/ be appo9t$ to wat* ov] ! build+ op]ations on behalf ( ! libr>y au?ority & ! ar*itect1 & x is a wise & mo/ economical policy to pay = a fir/-rate man4 ,! wages ( a compet5t man1 :o is usually recomm5d$ by ! ar*itect1 w am\nt to f ab\t #g weekly1 accord+ to circum/ances4 ,! ar*itect's fee is #e p] c5t4 on ! total co/ ( ! build+1 includ+ extras & all furniture or o!r fitt+s :i* he may design4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ba4--,l5d+ ,libr>y on ,fir/ ,floor adjo9+ ,ref]5ce ,libr>y 7,section #abb74 #abg4 ,op5+ ,c]emony1 etc4--,!re are c]ta9 c]emonial matt]s connect$ ) ! lay+ ( f\ndation-/ones1 unveil+ ( memorial /ones or brasses & op5+ c]emonies1 :i* ea* locality mu/ arrange to suit its own ne$s4 ,an op5+ c]emony ( a public "* is always s useful 9 mak+ kn[n a libr>y t x ought :5 possible to be arrang$4 ,x ne$ n be a v exp5sive function1 & if an em95t public p]sonage1 local or o!rwise1 c be secur$ to p]=m ! c]emony1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,x is a d\btful po9t :e!r ! exp5se ( an op5+ c]emony c be defray$ f ! libr>y rate4 ,9 di/ricts :]e ! exp5diture is audit$ by a ,gov]nm5t auditor1 a mod]ate sum may be pass$1 ) ! caution n to incur su* *>ge aga91 b x is dang]\s to assume t ?is exp5diture w always be all[$4 ,su* exp5diture1 if incurr$1 w\ld n ( c\rse include any extravagant items su* z banquets1 receptions1 etc41 b be conf9$ to pr9t+ & o!r exp5ses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bb4--,l5d+ ,libr>y ) ,op5 ,access = ,non-fiction 7,section #abc74 #abh4 ,! light+1 heat+ & v5tilation ( libr>y build+s are all matt]s :i* prim>ily conc]n ! ar*itect2 & !y are seldom solv$ 9 a completely satisfactory mann]4 ,light+ is ! "o t mo/ directly int]e/s ! libr>ian1 z mu* ( ! effectiv5ess ( libr>ies dep5ds ^u x4 ,a valuable discussion ^u ! "q took place 9 #aiaa at jo9t-meet+s ( ! ,illum9at+ ,eng9e]+ ,society & ! ,libr>y ,association1 at :i* bo? libr>ians & light+ eng9e]s express$ _! views & exp]i5ce4 ,! matt] is "o = exp]t advice1 b libr>ians %\ld be cle> z to ! problems to be solv$ 9 artificial light+2 ^! are3 ,to light read+ room tables1 s z to avoid gl>e 9 ! eyes ( read]s4 ,to prev5t ! ca/+ ( /rong %ad[s1 s+le or multiple4 ,to avoid fix+ furniture or fitt+s 9 p]man5t positions4 ,to ensure ! illum9ation ( ! room g5]ally1 z well z ! tables4 ,to light ! v]tical spaces pres5t$ by two cases ( books /&+ face to face1 ) a n>r[ gangway betwe51 s t ! book-titles on all ! %elves c be read easily4 ,to ensure good results att5tion mu/ be direct$ to g5]al light+1 :i* %\ld be full 9 newspap] & simil> rooms1 b subord9ate 9 ref]5ce libr>ies2 & x is recomm5d$ t po9t light+1 ) positions fix$ & %ades *os5 to prev5t gl>e1 %\ld be us$ at all read+ po9ts & tables2 & if possible all lights %\ld be susp5d$ f ! ceil+1 z to fix !m ^u furniture involves ! an*or+ ( ! furniture to ! floors or walls4 ,9 g5]al light+ ! use ( ! walls & ceil+s z reflectors %\ld be rememb]$1 & ! walls %\ld be t9t$ 9 su* col\rs z return ! maximum reflection4 ,! problem ( light+ gangways ( books has n be5 solv$ satisfactorily1 b tube-o'-lights or l9e-o'-lights fix$ on ! top cornice ( cases h giv5 good results4 ,lights c5tr$ above gangways are ! mo/ usual me?od1 b ^! produce %ad[s4 ,we c t\* ^u ?is subject only briefly1 b ! grave/ ?\ght %\ld be giv5 to x1 z sy/ems ( light+ :i* are mo/ effective ar*itecturally are (t5 q useless = libr>y purposes4 ,! v5tilation ( ! rooms %\ld be ?or\gh & yet exclude draughts2 & on ?is matt]1 z ^u ! k9dr$ matt] ( heat+1 we _c d m "h ?an ref] to ! rec5t lit]ature ^u ^? subjects4 #abi4 ,,bibliography ,adams1 ,h4 ,b4 ,public ,libr>ies & ,popul> ,education 7,home ,education ,bullet91 ,no4 #ca74 ,albany1 ,univ]sity ( ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 #aijj4 7,valuable = ! plans & elevations ( ,am]ican libr>y build+s reproduc$47 ,adams1 ,m4 ,b4 ,public ,libr>ies3 ,_! ,build+ & ,equipm5t4 ,l4,a4,r41 vol4 vii41 pp4 #afa1 #bbj4 7,repr9t$ f ,j\rnal ( ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects47 ,burgoyne1 ,f4 ,j4 ,libr>y ,con/ruction3 ,ar*itecture1 ,fitt+s1 ,furniture1 #ahig4 7,libr>y ,s]47 ---- ,po9ts 9 ,libr>y ,plann+4 ,gre5wood's ,ye> ,book1 #aijj1 p4 #ab4 ,*ampneys1 ,a4 ,l4 ,public ,libr>ies3 ,a ,treatise on _! ,design1 ,con/ruction1 & ,fitt+s1 #aijg4 ,ea/man1 ,w4 ,r4 ,libr>y ,build+s & ,plans1 #aijf4 ,n4 ,york ,/ate ,lib41 ,bullet91 #ajg1 ,lib4 ,s*ool1 #bb4 ,graesel1 ,a4 ,plann+4 ,9 8 ,h&bu* d] ,biblio!kslehre1 #aijb4 ,illum9at+ ,eng9e]+ ,society & ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,libr>y ,light+1 #aiaa4 ,league ( ,libr>y ,commissions4 ,small ,libr>y ,build+s1 #aijh4 ,s\le1 ,c4 ,c4 ,h[ to ,plan a ,libr>y ,build+ = ,libr>y ,"w1 ,bo/on1 #aiab4 ---- ,libr>y ,rooms & ,build+s1 #aijb4 7,a4,l4,a4 ,tracts1 ,no4 #d47 ,utley1 ,h4 ,m4 ,h[ to ,plan a ,public ,libr>y4 ,l4,j41 vol4 xxiv41 ,conf4 no41 p4 #ba4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,d #a-bc1 ,ar*itecture4 ,,division ,v ,,fitt+s ,,& ,,furniture ,,*apt] ,x ,,miscellane\s ,,fixtures ,,& ,,fitt+s #acj4 ,x is important to note t all fitt+s :i* are fixtures1 z are mo/ ( ^? ab\t to be describ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]1 %\ld be reg>d$ z "p ( ! p]man5t /ructure1 & n z movable furniture4 ,su* fitt+s %\ld be includ$ 9 ! loan rais$ = build+1 :i* c be borr[$ = ?irty ye>s1 & n 9 t rais$ = furniture1 :i* c only be borr[$ = t5 ye>s4 ,! additional tw5ty ye>s = :i* money c be borr[$ = p]man5t build+s w be f\nd to make a v consid]able diff]5ce 9 ! annual repaym5ts4 #aca4 ,c\nt]s & ,b>ri]s4--,c\nt]s & b>ri]s are requir$ *iefly 9 l5d+ & ref]5ce libr>ies1 or 9 situations :]e x is necess>y to cut read]s (f f books or private rooms4 ,no l5d+ libr>y c\nt] :i* has to c>ry an indicator %\ld be m ?an ?irty in*es high & eighte5 in*es wide1 & = l$g] or c>d *>g+ & op5 access ! dim5sions ne$ n be m ?an ?irty-two in*es high & two feet wide4 ,ref]5ce libr>y c\nt]s = cutt+ read]s (f f ! books & = s]vice %\ld be ?irty-two in*es high & two feet wide4 ,all c\nt]s %\ld be fitt$ on ! /aff side ) %elves & cupbo>ds1 & on ! public side ! panell+ %\ld be rais$ at lea/ f\r in*es f ! floor to prev5t x f be+ kick$ & m>k$4 ,x is a useful plan to fit up ! back ( a long c\nt] ) %elves1 draw]s & cupbo>ds alt]nately1 z %[n 9 diagram on ! next page 7,fig4 #bc74 ,?is arrangem5t c be c>ri$ out to any ext5t & 9 any ord]1 accord+ to space4 ,9 l5d+ libr>y c\nt]s a slot = money %\ld be made 9 ! top ( ! c\nt] ov] "o ( ! small lock$ draw]s4 ,?is w =m ! till = ca% receipts f f9es1 ! sale ( catalogues1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bc4--;,back ( ,libr>y ,c\nt] 7,section #aca74 #acb4 ,b>ri]s = op5 access l5d+ & ref]5ce libr>ies are made 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,9 small op5 access libr>ies ! b>ri]s ne$ only be l>ge en\gh to control ! entrances & exits ( read]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bd4--,we/ ,isl+ton ,libr>y1 %[+ wicket4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #be4--,nor? ,isl+ton ,/aff ,enclosure1 ,op5 ,access 7,section #acc74 #acc4 ,l5d+ libr>y b>ri]s = op5 access are plann$ 9 a v>iety ( ways to take *>g+ trays1 etc4 ,! foll[+ are typical illu/rations ( b>ri]s or comb9$ c\nt]s & scre5s specially design$ = op5 access libr>ies4 ,! object ( ! glaz$ scre5 is to protect ! /aff f draughts & ! *>g+ sy/em f be+ tamp]$ )4 ,! plans & views ( op5 access b>ri]s 9 ,figs4 #bd-be %[ ! usual arrangem5t = ord9>y purposes1 & an imag9>y design = a libr>y do+ a v l>ge bus9ess requir+ ?ree assi/ants at ea* side is %[n 9 ,fig4 #bh4 ,by means ( ?is x w\ld be possible = six assi/ants1 ?ree at ea* side1 to dis*>ge & *>ge books at ! rate ( #adjj p] h\r1 a spe$ nev] requir$ any:]e4 ,= all practical purposes a b>ri] ) two wickets on ! entrance side & "o at ! exit w s]ve = ! l>ge/ s+le libr>y 9 exi/5ce 7,fig4 #bg74 ,! treadle lat*es su* z are fitt$ 9 ! op5 access libr>ies ( ,croydon1 ,cl]k5well1 ,hornsey1 ,lambe?1 ,d>w51 ,s\?port1 etc41 w be f\nd well adapt$ = ! purpose ( controll+ ! wickets ( bo? s+le & d\ble op5 access b>ri]s 7,fig4 #bi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bf4--,lambe? 7,h]ne ,hill7 ,bran* ,libr>y ,op5 ,access ,b>ri] 7,section #acc74 ,! *ief objection to wickets h+$ at "o side is _! t5d5cy to slam1 no matt] :at k9d ( controll+ spr+s or buff]s are us$4 ,9 c\rse ( "t e =m ( pneumatic or o!r spr+ loses its p[]1 & "s effective =m ( noiseless turn/ile or v light b>ri] on ris+ butts w\ld p]haps be an improvem5t4 ,:]e l5d+ libr>ies are isolat$1 ! tr\ble is n s m>k$ z 9 cases :]e !y adjo9 read+ rooms4 #acd4 ,! plans already pr9t$ 7,figs4 #ah-bb7 expla9 bett] ?an words ! =m ( c\nt]s be/ adapt$ = l5d+ libr>ies us+ ! indicator sy/em ( issue4 ,! space = borr[]s 9 front ( an indicator ought n to be less ?an f\r squ>e feet p] p]son likely to be pres5t at "o "t1 9 ord] to prev5t cr[d+ at busy times4 ,?us a t[n ) #cjjj borr[]s w\ld h an av]age daily issue ( ab\t #cjj volumes1 :i* might mean sev5ty-five p pres5t at "o "t1 c\nt+ companions1 & ?us #cjj squ>e feet ( borr[]s' lobby w\ld be necess>y z a m9imum2 or a space #cj by #aj feet4 ,x is n (t51 h[ev]1 t "o f9ds lobbies plann$ on ?is desirable scale4 ,! height ( a c\nt] design$ to c>ry an indicator %\ld n exce$ ?irty in*es1 & ! top ne$ n be m ?an eighte5 in*es wide4 ,! l5g? ( ! c\nt] w dep5d entirely ^u ! k9d ( indicator us$1 & :e!r x is classifi$ or n1 or int5d$ = all ! /ock or only = fiction4 ,! indicators mo/ us$ all diff] 9 size 7see ,section #chf1 etc471 & ?is factor mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 design+ ! c\nt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bg4--;,croydon ,c5tral ,libr>y4 ,op5 ,access ,l5d+ ,dep>tm5t1 %[+ ,d\ble ,wickets 7,section #acc74 #ace4 ,sometimes a simple b>ri] is requir$ 9 "s k9ds ( ref]5ce libr>ies to sep>ate bookcases f read+ rooms4 ,?is may be ei!r fix$ or movable1 & a good =m c be con/ruct$ ( ornam5tal ironwork1 surm\nt$ by a poli%$ oak or walnut rail1 ab\t f\r to six in*es wide1 9 ! /yle ( illu/ration 7,fig4 #cj74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bh4--,triple ,op5-,access ,b>ri] 7,section #acc74 #acf4 ,scre5s4--,9 small libr>ies ) a small /aff x is (t5 possible to obta9 complete ov]sight ( ne>ly e dep>tm5t by us+ glaz$ p>titions or scre5s in/ead ( opaque int]nal walls4 ,9 cases :]e !re is no ro( weight to be support$ ?is is a v good arrangem5t1 & is recomm5d$ = e build+ to :i* x c be appli$4 ,:5 su* p>titions sep>ate rooms1 x is advisable to c>ry !m "r up to ! ceil+ to exclude noise4 ,9 o!r situations1 z :5 divid+ a room into two or m sections1 ! scre5s ne$ n be m ?an eight or n9e feet high4 ,cle> glass %\ld be us$ ?r\gh\t1 unless 9 ! upp] panels1 = ! sake ( bo? ov]sight & light4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #bi4--,treadle ,lat* = ,op5 ,access ,wicket 7,section #acc74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cj4--;,b>ri] = ,divid+ ,rooms 7,section #ace74 #acg4 ,lifts4--,9 l>ge libr>ies ) _m floors1 pass5g] or o!r lifts = c>ry+ heavy weights are desirable4 ,9 a build+ ) two or m floors1 an ord9>y lift = transport+ p>cels ( books to ! ext5t ( p]haps two hundr$weights %\ld be provid$ 9 a conv5i5t place1 pref]ably aga9/ a wall4 ,su* lifts %\ld h automatic brakes & simple rais+ & l[]+ me*anism2 b an electric motor w be f\nd less noisy & easi] to "w ?an any =m ( rope lift4 ,9 addition1 x is (t5 ( great] s]vice to h small1 quick-runn+ lifts or tubes capable ( c>ry+ "o to six s+le books f floor to floor4 ,9 cases :]e l5d+ libr>y books are issu$ = read+ 9 ! read+ room1 ?is is a v conv5i5t arrangem5t1 & x also greatly facilitates ! "w ( ! /aff by enabl+ messages & small articles to be rapidly transf]r$ f place to place4 #ach4 ,speak+ ,tubes & ,telephones4--,speak+ tubes connect+ e dep>tm5t %\ld be provid$ 9 all new build+s1 if telephones h n already be5 fix$4 ,! telephone is mu* easi] appli$ to an exi/+ build+1 z !re is less cutt+ ab\t ( walls requir$4 ,b 9 new build+s speak+ tubes c be provid$ q easily1 & !y are simpl] to "w & less liable to get out ( ord] ?an telephones4 ,! telephone %\ld be provid$ = e l>ge public libr>y1 :i* ought to be connect$ ) ! municipal (fices1 ! telephone ex*ange & its own bran*es4 ,x is (t5 possible = a public libr>y to obta9 a suffici5t s]vice by hav+ a wire f ! t[n hall swit*bo>d to ! libr>y4 ,! annual co/ ( ?is is only ab\t "o-f\r? ( ! regul> ex*ange s]vice4 ,= a complicat$ int]nal s]vice ( int]-communications1 ! telephone is mu* sup]ior to speak+ tubes1 z ! swit*bo>d sy/em enables ! us] to communicate ) any dep>tm5t )\t ! ne$ ( extra tubes4 #aci4 ,miscellane\s4--,9 "s libr>ies accommodation = ,,cycles is provid$ outside ! build+s1 :i* is ! prop] place = su* ma*9es1 9 view ( _! t5d5cy to d damage :5 plac$ aga9/ int]ior walls4 ,9 build+s :i* front busy ma9 /reets ?is k9d ( accommodation _c be provid$ unless !re is a c\rty>d or simil> space 9 front4 ,"s libr>ies :i* are infe/$ by ,,dogs w\ld be all ! bett] ( "s effective means ( keep+ su* animals outside4 ,no d\bt1 if _! own]s 7 spok5 to1 !y w\ld agree to fa/5 !m to hooks or rails outside ! build+1 if prop] means 7 provid$4 #adj4 ,,turn/iles = c\nt+ purposes are fitt$ up 9 sev]al libr>ies1 z well z 9 mo/ museums1 art gall]ies1 etc4 ,!y %\ld be plac$ 9 situations :]e _! noisy clack+ w n prove di/urb+1 if !y are us$ at all4 #ada4 ,good ,engli% ,,clocks1 ) conspicu\s dials1 %\ld be plac$ 9 e public room ( a libr>y4 ,:]e a numb] are provid$1 x is bett] to specify electrically controll$ or syn*roniz$ clocks1 :i* keep uni=m "t & are mu* less tr\blesome ?an ord9>y self-w\nd clocks4 ,libr>ies %\ld h a supply ( small ,,!rmomet]s di/ribut$ & fix$ ?r\gh\t ! rooms z a *eck ^u ! int]nal temp]ature1 & x is a useful ?+ to provide a b>omet] z well4 ,bold visible ,,cal5d>s are also desirable 9 e dep>tm5t4 #adb ,,bibliography ,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,furniture4 ,see 8 ,libr>y ,appliances1 p4 #ab4 ,burgoyne1 ,f4 ,j4 ,furniture & ,appliances4 ,see 8 ,libr>y ,ar*itecture1 pp4 #gc-abg4 ,c>r1 ,h4 ,j4 ,fixtures1 ,furniture & ,fitt+s4 ,u4,s4 ,educ4 ,rept41 #ahib-ahic1 vol4 i41 p4 #gcc4 ,*ampneys1 ,a4 ,l4 ,public ,libr>ies1 #aijg4 ,bats=d4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,e #bd-;,d #dg1 ,libr>y ,appliances & ,supplies4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,%elv+ ,,& ,,accessories #adc4 ,! *ief requirem5ts ( book-%elv+ are accessibility & adju/ability4 ,all au?orities on libr>y ar*itecture are agre$ t high %elves are an ob/ruction to quick s]vice1 & a dang] to books1 by plac+ !m 9 a vitiat$ atmosph]e ) a comp>atively high temp]ature4 ,! old-fa%ion$ wall-cases1 twelve or fifte5 feet high1 :i* c\ld only be rea*$ by means ( long ladd]s1 are no long] recomm5d$ or in/all$1 because ( ! lab\r !y place ^u ! /aff1 _! dang]1 & ! fact t all ! books on ! upp] %elves are n only inaccessible1 b liable to a c]ta9 am\nt ( h>m4 ,mod]n libr>ians pref] to enl>ge _! floor area = ! purpose ( book-/orage1 & to provide wall & /&>d bookcases :i* are )9 easy rea* ( ! floor1 ?us plac+ ! entire /ock at ! comm& ( bo? /aff & read]s )\t ! lab\r or dang] ( climb+ long ladd]s4 ,x may be said1 g5]ally1 t high wall-%elves %\ld nev] be provid$1 unless ) ! provision ( an iron gall]y half-way up1 :i* c be rea*$ by means ( /airs4 #add4 ,! "q ( adju/ability is j z important z get-at-ability4 ,9 e me?od or appliance :i* is introduc$ = libr>y1 or1 inde$1 any o!r "w1 ! great pr9ciple ( movability or adju/ability %\ld be pref]r$ to fixity4 ,! p[] ( mov+ or *ang+ )\t alt]+ ! "* or %ape ( any?+ is ( enorm\s advantage 9 e op]ation1 & a v good illu/ration ( ! application ( ?is p[] is furni%$ by ! c>d catalogue1 ) its inf9ite capacity = expansion 9 e direction4 ,book-%elves %\ld be z mobile z c>ds 9 _! own way1 & %\ld be s adju/able t a new %elf c be introduc$ or an exi/+ "o remov$ at any po9t :]e su* a c\rse is possible4 ,! only advantage :i* fix$ wood5 %elves possess is t ( comp>ative *eapness1 b ?is is an advantage :i*1 9 a %ort "t1 is completely swall[$ up 9 ! inconv5i5ces :i* arise ?r\gh ! impossibility ( plac+ books ( v>y+ sizes 9 /rict classifi$ ord] on ! %elves4 ,besides a great sacrifice ( v]tical space 9 "s places1 x w be f\nd 9 a rapidly gr[+ libr>y t ! c>efully gaug$ %elves1 at eight1 n9e1 t51 or twelve in*es ap>t1 9 e ti]1 _c be made to conta9 all ! books :i* ought to g on ^! %elves 9 _! ord]4 ,! day comes :5 ! eight-&-a-half or n9e-&-a-half in* book arrives :i* mu/ g on ! eight or n9e in* %elf1 &1 because !re is no means ( mak+ a slight adju/m5t1 su* books mu/ ei!r be %elv$ out ( _! ord]1 or plac$ on _! =e-edges4 ,if su* %elves are arrang$ ?r\gh\t a libr>y at a di/ance ( t5 in*es ap>t to provide = cont+5cies1 !y w take all sizes up to demy #hvo1 b at a great sacrifice ( space1 especially 9 ! fiction %elves1 :]e mo/ ( ! books av]age ab\t sev5 & a half in*es4 ,any attempt at v>y+ ! di/ances betwe5 %elves 9 e ti] w lead to confusion 9 a /rictly classifi$ libr>y4 ,on ! o!r h&1 lib]al spac+ w result 9 ! loss ( a %elf 9 e ti]1 !reby r$uc+ ! total /orage space by ab\t "o-eigh? or "o-n9?1 accord+ to ! numb] ( %elves 9 a ti]4 ,! balance ( advantage lies1 ) movable =ms ( %elv+1 & x is /rongly recomm5d$ t no o!r k9d be specifi$ or ord]$4 #ade4 ,! foll[+ diagrams give ! usual dim5sions = ord9>y /&>d & wall bookcases1 & may be tak5 z ! unit f :i* a libr>y /ack c be built up accord+ to any plan ( arrangem5t4 ,fig4 #ca repres5ts a d\ble-siz$ /&>d iron bookcase1 #g feet #f in*es #c feet #b in*es #ae in*es1 :i* c be jo9$ end to end to =m cases ( any l5g?1 or us$ 9 halves to =m cases aga9/ walls4 ,exactly ! same dim5sions c be us$ ) wood5 presses fitt$ ) adju/able brackets or cat*es4 ,9 ref]5ce libr>ies ! dim5sions may be slightly v>i$1 z ! av]age book :i* mu/ be /or$ is r l>g] ?an 9 l5d+ libr>ies4 ,b ! *ief provision = folio & l>ge qu>to books %\ld be 9 special cases arrang$ r\nd ! walls1 & x is well to h presses int5d$ = music & qu>tos fitt$ ) uprights ab\t eighte5 in*es ap>t1 9 ord] to di/ribute ! weight ( ! books & facilitate _! h&l+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ca4--;,d\ble ,bay ,/&>d ,metal ,bookcase 7,section #ade74 #adf4 ,= /&>d ref]5ce cases ! unit ( size %\ld be #g feet #f in*es #c feet #b in*es #ah in*es4 ,special wall-cases %\ld be ! same height1 b %\ld h an arrangem5t = l>ge books 9 ! =m ( a l$g$ base project+ at lea/ six in*es f ! front ( ! upp] "p ( ! case1 ab\t ?ree feet above ! floor 7,fig4 #cb74 #adg4 ,adju/able ,%elf ,fitt+s4--,! old-fa%ion$ v>ieties ( %elf adju/m5ts = wood5 bookcases1 su* z pegs fitt+ into holes drill$ 9 ! uprights1 "o & a half or two in*es ap>t1 wood5 or metal rat*ets = c>ry+ b>s or rods = support+ ! %elves1 & simil> devices1 may be dismiss$ z unsuitable = mod]n libr>y purposes4 ,! be/-kn[n adju/m5t is t kn[n z ,tonks'1 f ! "n ( its pat5tee4 ,x consi/s ( metal /rips1 ) p]=ations at in* int]vals1 let into grooves 9 ! uprights1 & design$ to c>ry ! %elves on f\r metal /uds or cat*es1 :i* engage 9 ! slots or p]=ations4 ,?is me?od requires v c>eful fitt+1 z ! grooves 9 ! woodwork mu/ be deep & smoo? en\gh to admit ! cat*es1 & ea* metal /rip mu/ be accurately ins]t$ s t ! slots w come level n only ) ^? adjo9+1 b ) ^? on ! opposite upright4 ,! lea/ c>elessness 9 fitt+ w cause %elves to rock & buckle1 because n support$ by cat*es all at "o level4 ,! illu/ration on page #ade 7,fig4 #cc7 w %[ exactly ! =m ( ?is fitt+4 ,x consi/s (3 %elf support$ on /&>d2 p]=at$ metal slip & /ud2 & groove 9 wood5 /&>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cb4--,wood5 ,wall ,case ) ,lodg$ ,base 7,section #adf74 ,x %\ld be not$ t ?is v>iety ( %elf fitt+ does n give absolute adju/ability1 b only a movem5t ( ab\t an in* up or d[n1 z may be requir$4 ,small] adju/m5ts are impossible by ?is or any o!r simil> sy/em4 #adh4 ,!re are v>i\s o!r me?ods ( fix$ %elf adju/m5ts = wood5 bookcases1 ,engli%1 ,am]ican & ,g]man1 b none ( !m possess any p>ticul> advantage ov] ,tonks' v>iety4 ,absolute adju/ability 9 %elf fitt+s1 z appli$ to wood5 cases1 has be5 obta9$ 9 ! ,engli% me?od1 to be se5 at v>i\s libr>ies 9 ,engl&4 ,!re are also v>i\s ,am]ican sy/ems4 ,bo? ( ^! =ms are simil> 9 pr9ciple to ! absolute adju/m5ts describ$ "u ,section #adi1 b ! ,engli% sy/em 0 ! fir/ to be pat5t$1 & !re=e ranks z ! pione] ( ?is type ( %elf fitt+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cc4--,wood5 ,%elf ,adju/m5t 7,section #adg74 #adi4 ,metal ,bookcases ) ,absolute ,%elf ,adju/m5ts4--,! be/ & mo/ us$ ,engli% v>iety ( metal bookcase ) absolute %elf adju/m5t is t :i* has be5 in/all$ 9 ! public libr>ies ( ,worce/]1 ,%or$it*1 ,hudd]sfield1 ,lambe?1 ,p]?1 ! ,pat5t ,(fice ,libr>y1 ,london1 ,isl+ton & else:]e4 ,x consi/s1 z %[n 9 ,figs4 #ca1 #cd & #ce1 ( /rong /eel uprights1 9 :i* are =m$ cont9u\s grooves1 :i* c>ry & support %elf brackets design$ to grip at any po9t by automatic means4 ,^! brackets w slide up & d[n ! uprights to any po9t1 :ile a small controll+ lev] is depress$1 b ! mom5t ?is is releas$ ! bracket w become firmly fix$ 9 place1 & w rema9 !re till aga9 mov$1 :atev] weight may be plac$ ^u ! %elf :i* x supports4 ,^! brackets c be pu%$ up )\t t\*+ ! controll+ lev]1 & w always grip at ! po9t :]e !y are left4 ,to pu% !m d[n1 ! controll+ arm mu/ be depress$ z already describ$4 ,! %elves = ?is type ( case may be ei!r metal or wood1 b probably good oak %elves w be f\nd z satisfactory z any4 ,/&>d cases made 9 ! dim5sions giv5 9 ,section #ade are usually divid$ d[n ! middle1 at ! back ( ea* set ( %elves1 by means ( a wire-"w grill4 ,?is does n ob/ruct ov]sight1 light or air1 yet s]ves to prev5t books on "o face ( ! /&>d f be+ accid5tally or o!rwise transf]r$ to ! opposite face4 ,!re are po9ts ( safety1 conv5i5ce & adju/ability ab\t metal bookcases :i* make !m pref]able to all o!r =ms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cd4--;,details ( ,lamb]t's ,adju/able ,metal ,%elv+ 7,section #adi74 #aej4 ,a special =m ( ?is type ( metal bookcase has be5 design$ = book-/orage 9 small spaces1 & z appli$ to ! ,india ,(fice ,libr>y1 ,london1 & ,bodleian ,libr>y1 ,ox=d1 has be5 f\nd conv5i5t & economical4 ,! same %elf adju/m5t is us$1 b ! presses in/ead ( re/+ on ! floor are swung f iron gird]s1 s z to slide easily :5ev] want$4 ,^! presses are swung closely side by side & drawn out1 "o at a "t1 z requir$4 ,a some:at simil> plan = increas+ ! /orage capacity 0 introduc$ into ! ,briti% ,museum _m ye>s ago1 ! *ief diff]5ce be+ t ! slid+ presses g face to face ) ! exi/+ /&>ds1 "o "h & !re1 in/ead ( 9 solid r[s z at ! ,india ,(fice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ce4--,metal ,%elv+1 ,pat5t ,(fice ,libr>y1 ,london 7,section #adi74 #aea4 ,x is n propos$ to describe e v>iety ( iron or metal bookcase :i* has be5 introduc$1 su* z ! ,libr>y ,bureau1 ,smi?1 ,lawr5ce1 ,cotgreave1 etc41 & x w be suffici5t to m5tion t 9 ,brita91 ,g]many & ,am]ica !re are sev]al int]e/+ =ms us$4 #aeb4 ,special ,bookcases4--,9 ,section #adf a =m ( special wall-case is describ$ :i* is suitable = /or+ folio & qu>to volumes4 ,9 v l>ge libr>ies x may be necess>y to provide additional /orage space = b\nd files ( newspap]s1 extra l>ge folios & pr9ts4 ,files ( newspap]s c be /or$ 9 a special =m ( d\ble rack1 z illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #cf4 ,z small libr>ies w b9d only ! files ( local pap]s1 ! provision by !m ( %elves = ?is purpose ne$ n be a v s]i\s matt]4 #aec4 ,l>ge folio volumes are be/ kept flat on slid+ trays or %elves4 ,:5 !y are kept upright !y are v apt to suff] ?r\gh ! heavy leaves sagg+ & dragg+ at ! b9d+4 ,valuable folios %\ld always be kept 9 flat positions4 ,a suitable me?od ( /orage is to provide a l>ge d\ble-sid$ case1 ) a slop+ top1 :i* c be us$ = consult+ ! books4 ,! %elves %\ld be arrang$ to slide out & 9 on runn]s1 & ea* %elf may h a brass h&le on its =e-edge to enable x to be easily pull$ out4 ,! dim5sions ( su* a case w dep5d ^u ! numb] ( folios to be /or$ & _! size1 b ! foll[+ illu/ration 7,fig4 #cg7 w be f\nd suitable = all ord9>y purposes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cf4--,rack = ,b\nd ,newspap]s 7,section #aeb74 ,?is case w /ore ab\t #aej to #bjj folio volumes1 accord+ to _! ?ickness1 :i* is ample space = all ord9>y municipal public libr>ies4 ,! %elves ( ?is case %\ld be cov]$ on _! upp] surfaces ) lea!r or ?ick clo?4 ,a simil> /yle ( rack c be us$ = /or+ l>ge collections ( pr9ts1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t ! pr9ts w\ld be kept 9 special boxes z describ$ 9 ,section #cjg1 :i* w\ld take ! place ( volumes4 #aed4 ,9 calculat+ ! numb] ( volumes :i* c be %elv$ 9 a giv5 space1 ! foll[+ g5]al rules w be f\nd fairly accurate3-- ,n9e l5d+ libr>y books w occupy "o foot run ( space4 ,eight ref]5ce libr>y books w occupy "o foot run ( space4 ,all[ance mu/ be made1 9 calculat+ f plans1 = ! space occupi$ by uprights1 etc41 & c>e mu/ be tak5 to reckon dw>f bookcases only accord+ to _! capacity4 ,if n9e in*es are all[$ z ! av]age height ( books1 :i* w give eight %elves to a ti] sev5 feet six in*es high1 exclud+ cornices1 pl9? or ?ickness ( %elves1 !n a s+le-sid$ case ( ! dim5sions %[n 9 ,section #adf w /ore #baf volumes 9 a l5d+ libr>y & ab\t #aib 9 a ref]5ce libr>y4 ,a d\ble-sid$ case w hold #dcb & #chd volumes respectively4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #cg4--,section & ,elevation ( ,case = ,l>ge ,folio ,books 7,section #aec74 #aee4 ,racks = ,fil+4--,wood5 racks or iron-pipe racks may be us$ = a v>iety ( purposes1 su* z /or+ unb\nd newspap]s & p]iodicals1 pamphlets1 & all k9ds ( loose pap]s or bundles4 ,su* racks are be/ made 9 a light1 op5 =m1 s z to r$uce ! collection ( du/ to a m9imum1 :ile admitt+ air & light freely4 #aef4 ,gall]ies4--,gall]ies ( iron are sometimes add$ to ref]5ce libr>ies & 9 o!r dep>tm5ts to provide a means ( rea*+ high wall-%elves1 & also to give additional accommodation = /orage4 ,!y are a feature ( ! l>ge /ack rooms ( ,am]ican libr>ies1 :]e9 ! books are all mass$ toge!r1 gall]y above gall]y & ti] above ti]4 ,unless !re is "s v /rong reason1 ar*itectural or o!rwise1 gall]ies %\ld be avoid$ 9 e public libr>y :]e rapid s]vice ( read]s is necess>y4 ,save = /or+ little-us$ /ock1 gall]ies are n recomm5d$ 9 any situation1 unless ! pressure = book space is v great4 ,:5 gall]ies mu/ be provid$1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to provide adequate approa*es4 ,if a /raight /aircase is out ( ! "q1 a circul> iron "o %\ld be provid$1 wide en\gh to enable an assi/ant to g up or d[n com=tably ) an armful ( books4 ,9 "s libr>ies ! circul> iron /aircases are m l exagg]at$ corkscrews ?an prop] means ( gett+ up & d[n f a gall]y or floor4 ,x is mu* bett] to h /airways 9 a s+le flight1 :i* w all[ ( two p]sons pass+ ea* o!r1 & = ?is purpose !y ought to be at lea/ ?ree feet wide4 ,9 libr>ies ) bookcases ( ! uni=m height ( sev5 feet six in*es1 long ladd]s w be unnecess>y1 b 9 cases :]e !y mu/ be us$1 /ep ladd]s are pref]able to rung ones4 ,a light =m ( /ep ladd] :i* is us$ 9 _m public libr>ies & %ops is illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #ch74 ,= all practical purposes ?is ladd] w be f\nd ample4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ch4--,lattice-"w ,/eps 7,section #aef74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ci4--,%ort ,/eps = ,l[ ,%elves 7,section #aef74 ,%ort /eps = enabl+ ! upp] %elves ( sev5 foot six in* cases to be scann$ easily are made 9 v>i\s =ms1 "s be+ fold+ & o!rs fix$4 ,! v>iety z illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #ci7 w be f\nd useful4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dj4--;,cont9u\s ,wood5 ,/ep & ,h&les1 ,hornsey ,c5tral ,libr>y 7,section #aeg74 #aeg4 ,9 "s op5 access libr>ies x has be5 f\nd advisable1 9 cases :]e ! top %elves are out ( rea*1 to provide a cont9u\s fix$ /ep ( wood or iron at ! base ( ea* bookcase1 to enable read]s to rea* ! upp] %elves )\t us+ movable /eps ( ! sort figur$ above4 ,a /rong1 wide iron rail project+ ab\t f\r in*es or six in*es f ! case1 ab\t n9e in*es or twelve in*es above ! gr\nd1 has be5 f\nd useful1 especially :5 associat$ ) a h&le fa/5$ to ! upright at a conv5i5t height above4 ,! illu/ration 7,fig4 #dj7 w give an idea ( su* a cont9u\s /ep & h&le appli$ 9 wood4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #da4--,spr+ ,/ep = ,bookcases 7,section #aeh74 #aeh4 ,deta*$ /eps secur$ to ! uprights ( bookcases1 comb9$ ) h&les1 are v (t5 us$ = /aff purposes 9 place ( ! ord9>y movable wood5 /eps or ladd]s4 ,!re is "o =m ) an automatic adju/m5t :i* enables ! /ep to spr+ up flat aga9/ ! upright out ( ! way :5 n want$ z figur$ 9 illu/ration 7,fig4 #da74 ,x is n necess>y to fit ?is into ! uprights1 & to cut away ! woodwork 9 ord] to let x into its place4 ,!re is /ill ano!r v>iety1 us$ at ,hull1 ,kilm>nock1 etc41 :i* is always 9 position = use1 b :i* also possesses an automatic adju/m5t enabl+ x to be bru%$ aside h>mlessly by anyone pass+1 & to return to its 8ready0 position at once4 ,?is =m c be atta*$ to any ord9>y wood5 upright by means ( screws1 )\t cutt+ away or fitt+4 ,! h&le suppli$ ) ?is has a sup]ior %ape & grip 7,fig4 #db74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #db4--,sw++ ,/ep & ,improv$ ,h&le 7,section #aeh74 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,furniture #aei4 ,! effect ( %abby fitt+s & furniture on ! m9ds ( visitors is n su* z w t5d to ! promotion ( discipl9e1 nor w x in/il respect = ! libr>y into ! m9ds ( ratepay]s & read]s4 ,a f9e build+1 appropriately fitt$ up1 w n only impress ! av]age visitor1 b x w cause ! citiz5s to take pride 9 ! libr>y z a civic in/itution4 ,a f9e build+ %abbily fitt$ up inside w probably h q a diff]5t effect4 ,:ile a /rong di/9ction is to be drawn betwe5 luxury & propriety 9 su* matt]s1 a mu* bett] purpose w be s]v$ by procur+ good & sub/antial fitt+s & furniture ?an by wa/+ on extravagant ext]iors mo/ ( ! money available = build+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dc4--,two-sid$ ,desk ,topp$ ,table 7,section #afj74 #afj4 ,read+ ,tables4--,= g5]al read+ rooms ! tables %\ld n be too long1 nor1 if read]s are to sit on bo? sides1 too n>r[4 ,a table to accommodate1 say1 eight p]sons1 f\r on ea* side1 %\ld be #h feet long #c feet wide #cb in*es high4 ,! rails ( read+-room tables %\ld n be made s deep z to int]f]e ) ! com=t ( p]sons us+ !m1 & cross rails connect+ ! table legs ne> ! floor level %\ld nev] be us$1 z ^! only s]ve z foot-re/s4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( tables %\ld be made ) desk or slop+ tops1 z %[n 9 illu/ration 7,fig4 #dc74 ,oak1 walnut or o!r h>d woods %\ld be us$ = libr>y furniture4 ,pit* p9e is n recomm5d$1 z x inv>iably splits z ! res9 dries out4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dd4--;,briti% ,museum ,read+ ,table ) ,desk & ,rack 7,section #afa74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #de4--,ref]5ce ,room ,table 7,section #afa74 #afa4 ,9 ref]5ce libr>ies1 especially 9 ^? design$ = /ud5ts ) op5 access to ! %elves1 q a lib]al space %\ld be all[$4 ,x has n hi!rto be5 ! practice1 save 9 l>ge libr>ies l ! ,briti% ,museum1 to give ref]5ce read]s z mu* table room z is desirable1 nor to give /ud5ts ! am\nt ( isolation :i* !y require4 ,! g5]al policy has be5 to seat read]s at long tables & sep>ate !m f _! opposite neighb\rs by means ( a scre51 z is done at ! ,briti% ,museum1 & 9 libr>ies l ! ,cornell ,univ]sity1 ,i?aca1 ,new ,york4 ,?is me?od1 :i* is depict$ 9 ,fig4 #dd1 gives a c]ta9 am\nt ( seclusion1 b x does n provide a suffici5cy ( room = books & mat]ials4 ,!n1 ( c\rse1 no municipal libr>y c hope to compete ) ! ,briti% ,museum 9 ! provision ( exp5sive furniture4 ,to ensure t ea* /ud5t read] w obta9 a lib]al %>e ( room1 comb9$ ) com=t & isolation1 a sy/em ( sep>ate tables 9 ! =m illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #de7 is /rongly recomm5d$1 or "s way :i* w secure ! same accommodation4 ,! plan ( mak+ ! table ! unit ( space in/ead ( ! read]s w automatically solve ! problem ( h[ mu* room to give ea* read]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #df4--,p]iodical ,rack on ,elevat$ ,plat=m 7,section #afb74 ,! table illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #de7 gives ! foll[+ accommodation3-- ,six squ>e feet ( free table-top ) a sunk ink-well4 ,a back bo>d six in*es or n9e in*es high to prev5t ov]look+ by neighb\rs1 & provide space = rul] & p5 racks1 %elves1 clips1 etc4 ,a slop+ writ+ desk c be add$ if requir$4 ,%elves "u ! table = hold+ extra books1 mat]ials or an ov]coat4 ,an ext5sion slide to pull out & =m a book-re/ or supplem5t>y table = pap]s4 ,9 addition1 if space p]mits1 an umbrella hold] c be fitt$ to ! left-h& support ( ! table1 s t ea* read] w be isolat$ & self-conta9$4 #afb4 ,p]iodicals1 ,tables & ,racks4--,! "q ( ! me?ods ( display+ p]iodicals & magaz9es is discuss$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xxxi41 & x is n necess>y to consid] ! matt] ( policy "h4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( tables h be5 design$ = display+ magaz9es 9 cov]s 9 a fix$ place1 & = simply enabl+ !m to be easily read 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,:]e p]iodicals are kept 9 racks1 tables 9 ! =ms describ$ 9 ,section #afj w be f\nd suffici5t4 ,9 cases :]e ! tables h to p]=m ! comb9$ function ( racks & tables1 o!r arrangem5ts are necess>y4 ,!re are _m =ms ( rack-table1 b only ?ree ne$ be describ$4 ,! fir/1 :i* is us$ 9 sev]al l>ge libr>ies1 provides a l>ge elevat$ rack above ! table-top1 on :i* ! p]iodicals are plac$1 s z to free z mu* z possible ( ! table surface = read]s4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #df74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dg4--,p]iodical ,rack on ,table ,top 7,section #afc74 ,9 ?is =m ( table-rack ! p]iodicals are n fa/5$ to _! places1 &1 ow+ to ! v>i$ sizes ( ! p]iodicals 9 an elevat$ position1 !y give a some:at untidy appe>ance to a room4 #afc4 ,a less conspicu\s =m1 & "o equally effective1 disp5ses ) ! elevat$ plat=m1 & ! rack simply re/s ^u ! table-top z illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #dg74 ,if necess>y1 ! p]iodicals c be fa/5$ to ! rack by means ( cords or *a9s encas$ 9 rubb] or lea!rn ?ongs1 & ! cont5ts ( ea* table c be display$ ^u an adju/able titles li/ 9 ! =m describ$ 9 ,section #dgd1 fa/5$ to ! ends ( ! rack4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #dh4--,read+ ,table ) ,p>tition = ,titles 7,section #afd74 #afd4 ,a rem>kably effective =m ( p]iodical table1 :i* has a sep>ate place & title = ea*1 is %[n 9 ,fig4 #dh4 ,?is makes effective division betwe5 read]s seat$ on opposite sides ( ! table1 & t5ds to prev5t conv]sation & ! int]*ange ( p]iodicals4 ,! p]iodicals c be fix$ by means ( *a9s or cords if ?\ght necess>y4 ,at ,wolv]hampton1 ,isl+ton1 ,hamm]smi?1 ,croydon & o!r places ?is plan ( 8te!r+0 magaz9es is adopt$4 #afe4 ,p]iodical racks are made 9 a l>ge v>iety ( =ms1 & ! foll[+ illu/rations are typical ( mo/ ( ! devices us$ 7,figs4 #di & #ej74 ,ano!r k9d (t5 se5 is ! 8,cotgreave40 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #di4--,p]iodical ,rack ) ,magaz9es ,re/+ on ,n>r[ ,%elf 7,section #afb74 ,a small] rack = railway "t-tables is illu/rat$ on p4 #afb 7,fig4 #ea74 #aff4 ,read+ ,easels4--,9 connexion ) ^! special tables1 book-/&s or easels = keep+ a numb] ( books op5 at once w be f\nd useful4 ,x (t5 happ5s t a /ud5t desires to comp>e 8 au?orities1 & an easy means ( keep+ sev]al books op5 at a giv5 place is necess>y4 ,! book easels %[n bel[ are ! be/ =m yet devis$4 ,fig4 #eb1 :i* is made entirely ( metal1 has ! advantage ( leav+ ! table surface practically free & unob/ruct$1 :ile ! automatic means provid$ = keep+ books op5 at any place1 irrespective ( ! numb] ( leaves1 is ( great utility4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ej4--,rack = ,odd or ,occasional ,p]iodicals1 ,f9sbury ,public ,libr>y 7,section #afe74 ,fig4 #ec1 con/ruct$ ( wood1 is also a light useful article1 b z x re/s ! book close to ! table surface m ob/ruction is caus$1 :ile ! leaf-hold]s are n automatically adju/+4 ,!re are v>i\s o!r =ms ( wood5 read+ easels1 b !y are light articles design$ to fold up1 & w n c>ry l>ge ref]5ce books ) any great degree ( security4 #afg4 ,*airs4--,!re is su* an imm5se v>iety ( libr>y *airs t ! *ief difficulty becomes t ( selection4 ,a /rong *air ) a saddle seat fix$ to a special rail in/ead ( direct to ! legs is be/1 & 9 all ord9>y situations arm-*airs are pref]able1 z !y give an automatic spac+ ( elb[-room :i* r5d]s calculation unnecess>y4 ,x is wise1 h[ev]1 to avoid a v wide arm-*air1 & to use small *airs only if space is limit$ to two feet p] read]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ea4--,railway ,"t-table ,rack 7,section #afe74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #eb4--,metal ,read+ ,easel 7,section #aff74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ec4--,wood5 ,read+ ,easel 7,section #aff74 #afh4 ,:]e ! space betwe5 tables is v re/rict$ ! *airs %\ld be fa/5$ to ! floor1 s t !re c be no block+ ( gangways4 ,"o plan is t adopt$ at ! ,mit*ell ,libr>y1 ,glasg[1 ,nor? ,libr>y1 ,fulham1 & else:]e1 ( hav+ revolv+ arm-*airs m\nt$ on p$e/als secur$ to ! floor4 ,^! h ! "o great disadvantage ( be+ non-adju/able4 ,read]s _c pull !m a little =w>d or pu% !m back1 & ?us su* fix$ *airs h ! defect ( all fix$ ?+s--!y _c be mov$ to suit v>y+ conditions4 ,ano!r =m = a cr[d$ situation is a small /rong *air ( good design an*or$ to ! floor by means ( a /\t cord 7,fig4 #ed74 ,ea* *air has a /\t /aple screw$ "u ! seat 9 ! c5tre1 & a simil> /aple is screw$ into ! floor at a suitable di/ance f ! table front1 & correspond+ 9 situation ) ! /aple 9 ! *air seat :5 plac$ 9 position4 ,l5g?s ( /\t w9d[ cord are !n cut & provid$ ) swivel hooks at ei!r end1 :i* are fa/5$ to ! /aples on ! floor & on ! seat1 all[+ a suffici5t l5g? ( cord to admit ( a fair am\nt ( play & movem5t :5 an*or$4 ,on granoli?ic or o!r cem5t or concrete floors1 fix$ *airs _c be us$ readily4 ,?is k9d ( an*orage all[s ( a *air be+ mov$ backw>ds1 =w>ds or sideways1 & read]s c get to & f _! seats )\t tr\ble4 ,arm-*airs are n recomm5d$ = ?is /yle ( fa/5+4 ,all k9ds ( *airs %\ld be %od ) rubb] or lea!r pads to dead5 ! noise ( movem5t on ! floor4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( su* pads to be obta9$ f furni%+ firms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ed4--;,*air ) ,an*orage ,atta*m5t 7,section #afh74 #afi4 ,hat rails ( metal or wood are sometimes provid$ "u all *airs--a v necess>y provision 9 wet wea!r4 ,! ,cont95tal sy/em ( uncov]+ ! head :5 ent]+ public build+s is n yet v common 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 b read]s %\ld c]ta9ly be enc\rag$ to d s by hav+ ! means ( be/[+ _! headge> plac$ easily at h&4 ,g5]al hat1 coat & umbrella /&s or racks are n popul> 9 public libr>ies1 & ne$ n1 z a rule1 be provid$4 ,b "s k9d ( hat & umbrella hold]s %\ld c]ta9ly be provid$ 9 connexion ) ! *airs4 ,a v good comb9ation arm-*air is %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration 7,fig4 #ee74 ,?is provides hat & umbrella accommodation1 & may also h atta*$ to ! left1 or bo? arms1 a fold+ wire-"w drop hold]1 9 :i* to place complet$ pap]s1 light books or o!r articles n want$ to litt] ! table-top 7,fig4 #ef74 ,( c\rse1 su* *airs ) ^! additional accessories c\ld only be us$ 9 situations :]e !re 0 pl5ty ( room4 ,9 _m cases umbrella rails are atta*$ to e table1 & ?is is usually ! be/ plan4 #agj4 ,e libr>y %\ld buy m *airs ?an are requir$4 ,?is w enable ! *airs to be remov$ = clean+ purposes 9 bat*es ( a doz5 or m1 _! places be+ tak5 by ! sp>e ones4 ,?is w prev5t ! seat+ accommodation f be+ r$uc$ dur+ any clean+ op]ations4 #aga4 ,desks4--,= /aff purposes ord9>y s*ool desks w be f\nd ample4 ,^! are provid$ ) side flaps & a lock+ comp>tm5t4 ,a ,canadian =m ) %elves & a lock-up desk flap1 ) pigeon holes1 suitable = go+ aga9/ a wall1 is a useful type ( desk = assi/ants do+ a special class ( "w1 z ! desk flap c be lock$ back out ( ! way1 & s protect ! pap]s or "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ee4--;,*air ) ,hat ,rail & ,umbrella ,hold] 7,section #afi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ef4--;,*air ) ,fold+ ,tray or ,%elf 7,section #afi74 #agb4 ,= l>ge libr>ies1 :]e an elevat$ sup]9t5d5t's desk is necess>y1 ! comb9$ desk & draw] cab9et us$ 9 ! ,mit*ell ,libr>y1 ,glasg[1 has _m advantages4 #agc4 ,lecture ,room4--,furniture & fitt+s = *ildr5's dep>tm5ts & lecture rooms require special consid]ation4 ,! =m] are dealt ) 9 ,division ,,xiii4 ,9 ! lecture room ! pr9cipal fitt+s are ! plat=m & ! fitt+s connect$ ) ! use ( ! lant]n4 ,plat=ms %\ld be wide1 & %\ld be z long z x is possible to make !m hav+ reg>d to economy ( space 9 ! room4 ,a height ( ?ree feet is suitable1 & ! /ructure %\ld be solid1 s t x may n e*o or squeak b5ea? ! tread1 & a cov]+ ( "s s\nd-dead5+ mat]ial--?ick cork-l9o or cocoanut-matt+--is desirable4 ,a c\nt] or fix$ table runn+ along ! front has be5 f\nd useful1 & to ?is wat]1 gas1 & simil> fitt+s may be connect$ = use 9 sci5ce lectures2 b ?is c\nt] is n usually requir$1 & x may ob/ruct ! scre5 & w c]ta9ly prev5t ! use ( ! plat=m = dramatic & simil> repres5tations = :i* a cle> /age is necess>y4 ,gre5 baize hang+s z a backgr\nd & front curta9s ( ?is mat]ial are v effective = sev]al purposes4 ,! plat=m %\ld s be plac$ t x c be rea*$ by ! lectur]s )\t ! necessity ( pass+ ?r\gh ! audi5ce4 ,= lant]n scre5 !re is no?+ bett] ?an a smoo? wall f9i%$ (f 9 flat :ite1 b :]e ?is is impossible a rigid is pref]able to a roll+ scre5 z giv+ a surface free f folds & k9ks4 ,scre5s %\ld be kept p]fectly clean1 z dirt injures ! effect ( slides incalculably4 ,! lant]n itself %\ld be ( ! electric arc v>iety1 z be+ easy to manage & always ready ) little delay1 especially :]e ! 8direct0 electric curr5t is available4 ,x is be/ in/all$ 9 a room outside1 or a gall]y clos$ 9 f1 ! lecture room1 ! projection be+ made ?r\gh an op5+4 ,an electric signal :i* provides at ! plat=m a pu% = ! use ( ! lectur]1 & s\nds a 8buzz]0 or fla%es a small lamp 9 ! op]ator's ap>tm5t1 is probably ! be/ =m ( lant]n signal4 ,! *airs 9 lecture rooms %\ld be z com=table z means w all[1 & %\ld be fitt$ ) rubb] tips to ensure quiet4 ,quiet floor cov]+s %\ld be us$ 9 ! room1 &1 inde$1 all fitt+s & furniture %\ld produce t ease ( body :i* w all[ ! m9d to occupy itself exclusively ) :at is go+ on ^u ! plat=m4 ,,division ,,vi ,,book ,,selection ,,& ,,accession ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,book ,,selection #agd4 ,g5]al ,pr9ciples4--,al?\gh a great numb] ( articles & pap]s h be5 writt5 ^u ! subject ( book selection1 !re /ill seems room = "s rem>ks ^u ! g5]al "q f a /&po9t some:at diff]5t f ! ord9>y4 ,mo/ ( ! articles :i* h come "u notice deal ) ! m]e r\t9e ( book selection--h[ to sy/ematize ! ord]+ ( books2 ! "w connect$ ) prep>+ !m = public use2 ! bibliographical side2 ! "q ( duplicat+ popul> books2 & o!r m or less me*anical aspects ( ! matt]4 ,! philosophy ( book selection & que/ions connect$ ) ! policy ( build+ up libr>ies h r>ely be5 consid]$4 #age4 ,! fir/ po9t :i* occurs is ! connexion betwe5 a libr>y's income & its book-pur*as+ p[]4 ,z1 by law e/abli%$1 mo/ ,briti% libr>y incomes are /rictly limit$1 x foll[s t a simil> limitation mu/ gov]n ! supply ( books1 & t only a selection ( new books c be procur$1 old & out-(-pr9t books tak+ _! *ance4 ,! v l>ge/ rate-support$ libr>ies are b\nd by ?is limitation to buy only a selection f ! imm5se mass ( books annually publi%$1 &1 ev5 if su* pur*ases am\nt to sev]al ?\s&s ( volumes1 !y repres5t only a selection4 ,! small] libr>ies mu/ ( necessity make a selection )9 a selection1 & x foll[s t1 9 all cases ( libr>ies support$ by small incomes or burd5$ by heavy *>ges = ! repaym5t ( loans or o!r purposes1 ! selection mu/ be c>efully made if x is to be repres5tative ( all t is be/ 9 anci5t & mod]n lit]ature4 ,ano!r factor :i* ent]s into ! matt] ne$ only be m5tion$ 9 ord] to be dismiss$3 t is ! obvi\s unsuitability ( a v l>ge proportion ( ! books annually publi%$ because ( _! =m 7pamphlets & tracts71 subject-matt] 7s*ool-books1 bibles1 etc471 or special nature 7local li/s1 reissues1 directories1 etc474 #agf4 ,! fund available 9 mo/ public libr>ies = ! pur*ase ( books c be made ! basis = a r\gh calculation %[+ at :at rate libr>ies ( diff]5t sizes %\ld gr[4 ,by ref]5ce to ! tables 9 ,section #ca x w be f\nd t ! sum :i* c be annually exp5d$ on books is limit$ 9 libr>ies ( all sizes1 & t ! annual additions mu/ ( necessity foll[ ! same limitation4 #agg4 ,! annual production ( new publications 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom may be tak5 at ab\t #aj1fbj volumes1 includ+ ev]y?+1 & ! numb] ( new books 9 ?is total may be av]ag$ at ab\t #hcjj volumes4 ,x w ?us be se5 t ! ,briti% municipal libr>ies mu/ be selectors r ?an collectors ( books1 because ! income ( no "o ( !m is equal to buy+ m ?an a proportion ( ! #hcjj new books publi%$ annually 9 ,brita9 alone4 ,"s ,engli% public libr>ies1 because ( _! accumulations ( old1 useless & effete books1 resemble g>d5s *ok$ ) we$s2 & _! effici5cy is clogg$ by ! necessity = /or+ & c>+ = books :i* are ( no value or int]e/4 ,! pres5ce ( su* books 9 a mod]n libr>y h9d]s effective use & adm9i/ration1 because !y occupy space urg5tly want$ = m useful mod]n books2 !y add enorm\sly to ! co/ ( catalogu+ & *>g+2 & 9 o!r ways !y use up ! res\rces ( ! libr>y )\t add+ to its public utility4 #agh4 ,x may be tak5 z a some:at /rong /atem5t1 t !re are n m ?an #ej1jjj books1 exclud+ duplicates ( popul> works & ^? 9 m ?an "o volume1 wor?y ( pres]vation 9 any public municipal libr>y4 ,! tru? is t1 ( real1 liv+ works ( lit]>y & human int]e/1 !re are p]haps n m ?an #bj1jjj 9 ! ,engli% language1 b ! l>g] figure is pref]r$ 9 ord] to cov] ! _w's lit]>y output fully4 ,let anyone :o d\bts ?is try to compile a li/ ( ev5 #ejjj books ( p]man5t lit]>y or o!r int]e/1 9 ord] to f9d :at a difficult task x is4 ,no d\bt ! difficulty ( selection is ! ma9 reason :y "s public libr>ies gr[ up 9 a haphaz>d way1 because x is a "w :i* dem&s n only p]sev]+ indu/ry1 b an encyclopdic k ( lit]ature & ! cont5ts ( books4 ,nev]!less1 ?is difficulty ( selection1 & ! limitation ( ! field ( selection1 are p[]ful reasons :y municipal libr>ies %\ld ab&on ! museum or /orage ideal1 & g boldly = mak+ ! work%op or practical utility ideal ! "o mo/ wor?y ( realization4 ,9 ,*apt] ,,viii4 x has already be5 po9t$ out to :at ext5t ,briti% libr>ies h fo/]$ indiscrim9ate collect+1 (t5 at ! exp5se ( effici5cy1 :ile ! work%op plan ( libr>y has be5 comp>atively neglect$4 ,ev5 if municipal libr>ies _h unlimit$ res\rces1 ! wisdom ( indiscrim9ate collect+ w\ld be d\btful2 especially z _m special libr>ies are do+ ! "w4 ,specialization %\ld be ! wat*word ( ! future1 ow+ to ! enorm\s lit]>y activity ( rec5t times1 & ! bran* ( specialization :i* public libr>ies %\ld adopt is c>eful selection ( books & equally c>eful rejection ( all :i* h outliv$ _! day & purpose1 or become 8dull1 /ale & unpr(itable40 ,public libr>y build+s %\ld be erect$1 n on ! pr9ciple ( /or+ z _m books z c possibly be collect$ 9 fifty ye>s' "t1 b ( re/rict+ ! book accommodation to ! reasonable limits :i* c>eful selection & cauti\s disc>d+ w fix1 & increas+ ! space available = read]s1 & giv+ !m only ! v be/ lit]ature1 imag9ative or in/ructive1 t ! _w has to (f]4 #agi4 ,x is a haz>d\s und]tak+ to lay d[n any p>ticul> rules = ! =mation ( a ,briti% municipal libr>y1 & especially to /ate :at proportions ea* class ( lit]ature %\ld assume4 ,equally futile is x to take any figure z ! av]age price :i* ea* volume 9 a libr>y %\ld co/4 ,al?\gh #ds4 #e;d4 has be5 adopt$ z an av]age price1 ?is mu/ only be reg>d$ z a m]e basis = a calculation :i* simply aims at be+ a sugge/ion4 ,practically e public libr>y diff]s 9 its ne$s accord+ to its income & ! special indu/ries & "* ( ! p 9 ! t[n :]e x is situat$4 #ahj4 ,attempts h be5 made at v>i\s times by diff]5t au?orities to lay d[n ! proportions ( e class ( lit]ature :i* %\ld be repres5t$ 9 public libr>ies4 ,! foll[+ figures are giv5 = :at !y are wor?1 & n by any means z a h>d & fa/ guide to be foll[$3-- ,,p]c5tages ,,( ,,classes ,,( ,,lit]ature ,,repres5t$ ,,9 ,,public ,,libr>ies1 ,,etc4 ,class #jjj ,g5]al ,works #c #ajj ,philosophy #d #bjj ,religion #e #cjj ,sociology #g #djj ,philology #d #ejj ,sci5ce #i #fjj ,useful ,arts #i #gjj ,f9e & ,recreative ,arts #g #hjj ,lit]ature #bh #ijj ,hi/ory #h ,biography #h ,travel #h --- #ajj ,!re are "o or two *anges :i* mod]n practice w make probable 9 ^! p]c5tages1 su* z increases 9 ! p]c5tages ( classes #e-g & a decrease 9 class #h4 ,! att5tion n[ be/[$ ^u te*nical education & ! univ]sal provision ( music texts w almo/ inevitably increase ^! classes at ! exp5se ( "s o!r classes4 #aha4 ,imag9ative lit]ature rightly takes fir/ place 9 ! repres5tation ( classes1 & :5 made up ( ,prose ,fiction1 ,poetry1 ,music & ,pa9t+1 acc\nts = ab\t #cc p] c5t4 ( ! :ole4 ,al?\gh ,bacon 9 8 classification ( human k places ,imag9ation z repres5t$ by ,poetry at ! end ( 8 s*eme1 !reby1 p]haps1 indicat+ 8 op9ion ( its comp>ative importance1 !re c be no d\bt t z reg>ds popul>ity1 importance & longevity x easily ma9ta9s fir/ place 9 ! m9ds & he>ts ( a majority ( ! human race4 ,^: are ! great names 9 lit]ature8 ,! philosoph]s1 or hi/orians1 or sci5ti/s8 ,none ( ^!4 ,! /ory-tell]1 ! song-writ]1 ! s+] & ! arti/ completely ov]%ad[ all o!r k9ds ( lit]>y & sci5tific g5ius1 & monopolize a =emo/ position ( hon\r among mank9d1 because1 aft] all1 !y are ! greate/ tea*]s z well z ! mo/ capable ent]ta9]s4 ,hom]1 ,dante1 ,%akespe>e1 ,goe!1 ,c]vantes1 ,molire1 ,balzac1 ,hugo1 ,scott1 ,dick5s1 ,field+1 ,?ack]ay1 ,burns1 ,byron1 ,milton1 ,bee?ov51 ,h&el1 ,wagn]1 ,titian1 ,raphael1 ,turn]1 ,rembr&t1 & s on 9 endless v>iety1 are inf9itely great] & m treasur$ names to ?\s&s ( human be+s ?an any ( ! expon5ts ( m =mal & exact k4 ,! /ory-tell] & ! s+] w be rememb]$ long aft] philosophies1 & sy/ems ( hi/ory & sci5ce are z m\ld]+ & =gott5 z ! ru9s ( anci5t ,babylon4 ,! great majority ( ! p ( all nations w mu* r s+ ) ! s+]s ?an *op logic ) ! philosoph]s1 & ?is is at once a reason & ju/ification = imag9ative lit]ature occupy+ ! lead+ place 9 all public libr>ies4 ,x has become ! fa%ion = a c]ta9 section ( libr>ians1 a few public m5 & a consid]able numb] ( newspap]s1 to lam5t 9 doleful acc5ts ! popul>ity & prepond]ance ( fiction read+ 9 all k9ds ( l5d+ libr>ies4 ,b surely ,fiction1 z ! mo/ h>dy & fl\ri%+ =m ( lit]>y endeav\r1 :i* has be5 built up by ! contributions ( "s ( ! greate/ m9ds ( all nations1 _c be d5i$ its rightful place because c]ta9 n>r[-m9d$ p]sons ?9k x fa%ionable to d5\nce ! :ole policy ( public libr>ies8 ,:e!r !y *oose to d s or n matt]s v little1 s9ce x is q evid5t t imag9ative lit]ature is go+ to survive1 :atev] happ5s1 z x has done ) extraord9>y /r5g? & vitality1 ?r\gh ages ( *ange & de/ruction2 :ile philosophical1 political & social sy/ems h appe>$ & disappe>$ 9 endless procession4 ,?is is a reason :y imag9ative lit]ature %\ld occupy a =emo/ place 9 public libr>ies1 & ! !ory ( ! survival ( ! fitte/ is amply prov$ by ! vitality ( prose fiction1 poetry & music1 :i* entitles !m to receive ! att5tion due to _! importance 9 ! reg>d ( mank9d4 #ahb4 ,be/ ,books4--,a live libr>y1 9 addition to ! lit]>y classics 9 all dep>tm5ts1 %\ld only select ! be/ & mo/ popul> books4 ,! "q ( select+ only ! v be/1 or only :at is 9 great dem&1 %\ld be compromis$ by always gett+ ! be/1 ) a selection ( ! mo/ popul>1 subject to ! und]/&+ t ! latt] are to be disc>d$ :5 _! day is pa/4 ,e movem5t :i* /irs ! public m9d & imag9ation produces a great crop ( books1 b only a v small proportion ( ^! survive or are wor?y ( pres]vation4 ,no "o c argue aga9/ a mod]ate supply ( su* works at ! "t :5 public int]e/ is ar\s$1 b objection may be rais$ to ! m ephem]al books ( ?is k9d be+ pres]v$ long aft] all int]e/ 9 _! subjects has wan$4 ,if a municipal libr>y f\nd$ 9 #agej1 & /eadily collect+ = #aef ye>s1 c\ld be f\nd1 its cont5ts w\ld be compos$ ( enorm\s quantities ( dead & =gott5 !ology1 hi/ory1 biography1 sci5ce1 fiction & e o!r class1 :i* w\ld n excite ! slighte/ int]e/ 9 ! m9ds ( five p]sons 9 a ?\s&4 ,! skimm+s ( su* a libr>y w\ld no d\bt be valuable1 & a fair proportion ( x ( int]e/ & use to pres5t-day read]s1 b ! bulk ( x w\ld be ( no practical s]vice to anyone4 #ahc4 ,! g5]al public is comp>atively indiff]5t to bibliographical r>ities1 & books :i* are m]ely curi\s or sc>ce %\ld n be b\ght f ! pres5t re/rict$ funds ( ,briti% municipal libr>ies4 ,!re is a c]ta9 advantage 9 mak+ a small special collection1 on ! museum plan1 to trace & illu/rate ! evolution & hi/ory ( pr9t+ & book production f ! orig9al manuscript =ms1 b ! g5]al connection ( incunabula & r>e specim5s ( typography by mod]n municipal libr>ies is nei!r possible nor desirable4 ,!re is inf9itely m wisdom 9 sp5d+ #ej 9 a selection ( mod]n works on te*nical subjects1 :i* w\ld be ( imm5se s]vice to liv+ p]sons1 ?an 9 sp5d+ ! same am\nt 9 ! pur*ase ( a s+le r>e ,bible :i* w only appeal to a few /ud5ts ( typography4 ,books mu/ n be reg>d$ z an inve/m5t on :i* a pr(it c be made by a sale at "s future date1 because books ( bibliographical r>ity & mu* monet>y value b\ght f public funds mu/ rema9 public prop]ty1 inali5able = all "t4 ,! books b\ght = a public libr>y %\ld r be reg>d$ z ma*9]y or plant1 to be r5ew$ :5 necess>y & kept ?or\ghly abrea/ ( ! times4 #ahd4 ,return+ to ! "q ( buy+ & pres]v+ books ( tempor>y int]e/4 ,!re are hundr$s ( subjects :i* 9 _! day h excit$ great public int]e/1 & 9 connexion ) :i* an enorm\s lit]ature exi/s1 b :i* h fad$ into comp>ative insignificance ) ! lapse ( "t4 ,take subjects l ! ,jacobite ,rebellions1 ,fr5* ,revolution1 ,am]ican ,civil ,w>1 ! ,slav]y controv]sy1 ,crimean ,w> or ,disruption ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl&4 ,e "o ( ^! subjects 0 repres5t$ 9 its day by c>t-loads ( books & pamphlets1 b ! :ole ( ^! h be5 sift$ & epitomiz$ by lat] hi/orians 9 works ( p]man5t value1 & municipal libr>ies c simply buy ^!1 & leave ! pres]vation ( ! contempor>y lit]ature1 :i* ranks z orig9al au?orities1 to ! c>e ( ! special libr>ies :i* exi/ = ! purpose4 ,! lit]ature ( ! ,bo] ,w> is a case 9 po9t1 z also is mu* ( ! lit]ature ( ! ,great ,european ,w> ( #aiad-aiai already4 ,x is necess>y = public libr>ies1 :ile public int]e/ is ke51 to select ! be/1 or :at may seem be/1 f ! mass ( mat]ial p\r+ f ! press1 b pres5tly all ?is w be cond5s$ into a few classics1 giv+ 9 a compreh5sive & suffici5t mann] e fact ( ! slighte/ int]e/ to po/]ity1 & !n all ! ephem]al works c be disc>d$ 9 _! fav\r4 ,:at rema9s ( any p>ticul> int]e/ to /ud5ts1 or ev5 ord9>y read]s1 f ! huge lit]ature :i* arose f ! ,crimean ,w>8 ,only ,k+lake & p]haps two popul> illu/rat$ books4 ,! same holds good ) all subjects :i* h creat$ imm5se contempor>y lit]atures1 & !re ne$ n be ! slighte/ compunction ab\t disc>d+ any book :5 its usefulness is pa/ unless x takes rank z a valuable orig9al au?ority4 ,at a lat] /age "s sugge/ions on book disc>d+ or libr>y we$+ are giv51 :i* may prove helpful4 #ahe4 ,book selection %\ld be conduct$ ^u ! s\nd pr9ciple ( buy+ only ! be/ repres5tative works on all subjects1 :atev] may be _! co/ or place ( orig94 ,a m haphaz>d & ineffectual me?od ( build+ up a public libr>y ?an buy+ *eap s]ies & libr>ies ( repr9ts c h>dly be imag9$4 ,x is almo/ equival5t to advis+ a committee to buy *eap books by ! y>d 9 ord] to fill ! %elves1 & let ! prop] repres5tation ( great subjects dep5d on *ance4 ,books publi%$ 9 8s]ies0 or 8libr>ies0 are too (t5 m]e comm]cial v5tures ( small lit]>y or o!r value2 & 9 ! case ( editions ( /&>d au?ors1 su* uni=m s]ies are (t5 ! wor/ =m 9 :i* a poet or noveli/ c be pres5t$ to a read]4 ,!y are full ( errors & omissions1 & :e!r ! s]ies is devot$ to art1 sci5ce1 lit]ature or hi/ory1 x may be tak5 = grant$ t !y are simply tempor>y text-books :i* possess ! d\btful advantage ( be+ b\nd uni=mly1 & ! und\bt$ disadvantage ( be+ (t5 uni=mly errone\s & mislead+4 ,( c\rse ?is /atem5t does n apply all r\nd1 because !re are sev]al well-kn[n s]ies ( works ( q exceptional value4 ,connect$ ) ?is a ^w may be p]mitt$ on ! nationality ( text-books4 ,patriotism 9 lit]ature & libr>y managem5t may be a f9e ?+1 b x mu/ occasionally lead to sorry results 9 a public libr>y4 ,! be/ & mo/ rec5t sci5tific works1 :e!r on biology1 geology or any o!r subject1 %\ld be b\ght )\t reg>d to ! nationality ( ! au?ors4 #ahf4 ,popul> ,books4--,! duplication ( popul> or tempor>ily popul> books is a policy to be adopt$ ) ! greate/ ( c>e4 ,9 "s libr>ies ! plan ( multiply+ copies ( e book :i* becomes fa%ionable is c>ri$ to su* an extreme t "s injury mu/ be done to ! g5]al "w ( ! libr>y by unduly fo/]+ "o class ( lit]ature at ! exp5se ( all ! o!r classes4 ,! practice ( add+ six or m copies ( a new novel has ! effect ( decreas+ ! funds available = ! purpose ( buy+ o!r works1 & x c]ta9ly gives rise to mislead+ conceptions ( ! /ock ( books possess$ by ! libr>ies4 ,a report$ /ock ( #ejjj novels may easily mean an actual /ock ( only #cjjj diff]5t works 9 libr>ies :i* buy ?ree1 six or twelve copies ( a s+le popul> "w4 ,?is makes a va/ diff]5ce 9 ! field ( *oice (f]$ to borr[]s1 because1 aft] all1 popul> novels ( ! ord9>y mu*-adv]tis$ class soon h _! little day1 & ! duplicates become dead /ock4 ,= ?is reason caution %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! supply ( extra copies ( tempor>ily popul> books1 & a good plan is to provide a special /ock or accessions book 9 :i* !y c be regi/]$ &1 :5 necess>y1 writt5 (f )\t complicat+ ! o!r records ( ! libr>y4 ,^! rem>ks apply almo/ exclusively to ! duplication ( novels & magaz9es4 ,!re is less ne$ to tr\ble ab\t o!r classes4 #ahg4 ,replacem5ts & ,out-(-pr9t ,books4--,replacem5t ( worn-out books is a recurr5t1 necess>y & s]i\s exp5se 9 mo/ libr>ies1 & "o :i* gravely r$uces possible exp5diture ^u new books4 ,be=e replac+ an old1 dirty or defective book x %\ld be c>efully consid]$ if x is wor? reta9+ 9 ! libr>y4 ,closely connect$ ) ! "q ( replacem5ts is ! matt] ( out-(-pr9t books4 ,mo/ libr>ians 9 libr>ies ( sev]al ye>s' /&+ h be5 confront$ ) ! difficulty ( obta9+ copies ( c]ta9 books :i* h be5 all[$ to g out ( pr9t by _! publi%]s4 ,! numb] ( su* books is rapidly increas+1 & among !m are works :i* h tak5 a recogniz$ place 9 ,engli% lit]ature1 z well z _m o!rs :i* h obta9$ a c]ta9 value by be+ en%r9$ 9 ! catalogues ( hundr$s ( public & o!r libr>ies4 ,9 c\rse ( "t _m ( ^! books are worn out1 & x becomes necess>y to replace !m ) new copies4 ,x is !n ! discov]y is made t fre% copies _c be obta9$1 & ! libr>ian receives a long li/ ( books f 8 booksell] m>k$ ) ! om9\s sign 8,o_/,p40 ,a tempor>y relief is sometimes obta9$ by adv]tis+ = second-h& copies4 ,ev5 ^! are becom+ m difficult to procure1 & 9 ! case ( noveli/s l ,g4 ,p4 ,r4 ,james1 ,james ,grant & ,h>rison ,a9swor?1 sometimes only ?ree-volume editions are report$4 ,x is n sugge/$ t all out-(-pr9t books %\ld be repr9t$1 nor d we sugge/ t ! fact t a book has appe>$ 9 _m libr>y catalogues is conclusive evid5ce ( its p]man5ce2 b !re are c]ta9ly numb]s ( books :i* are frequ5tly m5tion$ 9 o!r books1 or 9 ! newspap]s1 :i* h be5 all[$ to run out ( pr9t2 & ! comb9$ ef=ts ( libr>ians might induce publi%]s to republi% ^!4 ,usually speak+1 h[ev]1 ! fact t a book has rema9$ out ( pr9t = m ?an a ye> or two is evid5ce ( ! abs5ce ( public dem& = x1 & see+ t novel-writ+ is probably at a high] g5]al level n[ ?an at any e>li] p]iod 79 spite ( ! lack ( individual ,field+s or ,jane ,au/5s71 we are ( op9ion t su* out-(-pr9t books may be )drawn f ! libr>y records1 & ! gaps left made good by m mod]n works ( equal m]it & great] popul>ity4 ,aft] all1 & especially s f> z imag9ative lit]ature is conc]n$--& ^! rem>ks apply almo/ exclusively to t--x is no "p ( ! "w ( ! libr>y to revive :at public op9ion1 ! s\nde/ ultimate guide1 has p]mitt$ to p]i%2 m especially z booksell]s *>ge exagg]at$ prices = out-(-pr9t novels1 :atev] _! m]it may be4 ,9 ! case ( "s ( ! old] books :i* =m l&m>ks 9 lit]>y hi/ory1 x is absolutely necess>y to h well-edit$ mod]n repr9ts = ! b5efit ( ! /ud5ts :o are be+ =m$ 9 e s*ool 9 ! k+dom4 ,books :i* are pur*as$ to replace worn-out copies ne$ n receive new numb]s1 b may be giv5 ! numb]s ( ! books :i* !y replace4 #ahh4 ,d\btful ,books4--,c5sor%ip on books admitt$ into public libr>ies has be5 ex]cis$ mu* m frequ5tly & rigor\sly 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,in/ances are common 9 bo? c\ntries ( books be+ exclud$ = sect>ian or political reasons by ,public ,libr>y ,committees4 ,any action ( ?is k9d on ! "p ( a ,public ,libr>y ,committee %\ld be conf9$ to protect+ junior read]s f com+ into contact ) demoraliz+ lit]ature1 & prev5t+ ! libr>y f becom+ a dump+-gr\nd = feeble & tra%y books ( all k9ds4 ,no "o c object to a committee elect+ to sit 9 judgm5t on any book :i* may be ?\ght to endang] public dec5cy1 or inculcate ideas ( morality c\nt] to ^? g5]ally adopt$1 b su* explorations 9 se>* ( ! improp] %\ld n be conf9$ to fiction4 ,! "q ( buy+ c]ta9 free classics1 su* z ,rabelais & ,boccaccio1 is q ano!r matt]4 ,all libr>ies ought to possess !m1 provid$ reasonable means are tak5 to keep !m out ( ! h&s ( ! immature read]4 ,z reg>ds :at con/itutes maturity1 e libr>y au?ority w d\btless frame its own rules4 #ahi4 ,ref]5ce & ,l5d+ ,books4--,a difficulty is sometimes exp]i5c$ 9 decid+ = :i* dep>tm5t books ( a c]ta9 class are mo/ suitable4 ,ab\t su* quick-ref]5ce works z encyclopdias1 diction>ies1 annuals1 directories1 atlases1 l>ge art works1 etc41 !re c be v little d\bt1 b exp5sive sci5tific books1 l>ge works ( travel1 !ological & hi/orical works ( a c]ta9 k9d (f] a problem mu* m complicat$4 ,z ref]5ce libr>ies are at pres5t con/itut$ & us$ 9 _m ,engli% t[ns1 ! plan ( putt+ all exp5sive books ( :atev] nature 9 ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t simply means t !y are seldom us$1 & might z well n h be5 b\ght4 ,9 prop]ly conduct$ op5 access ref]5ce libr>ies1 :i* are lib]ally & intellig5tly conduct$1 a good deal may be said 9 fav\r ( plac+ su* books !re4 ,!y w at lea/ be freely accessible )\t ! =mality ( read]s hav+ to make writt5 application1 :ile ! advantage ( a ref]5ce book be+ always on ! premises is n to be ov]look$4 ,no h>m c result f plac+ all k9ds ( exp5sive text-books 9 ! l5d+ dep>tm5t1 & if !y are n on loan !y are always available = ! use ( any ref]5ce read] :o wants !m4 ,! advantage to a /ud5t ( be+ able to take a recondite & exp5sive text-book home ) him = comp>ison )1 & z an aid to1 8 own books is und5iable1 & x is ! fact t1 by co-op]ation1 ! citiz5s ( a t[n c ?us procure o!rwise unatta9able books1 :i* makes ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts s valuable1 & adds =ce to ! plea = plac+ exp5sive works )9 easy rea* ( ! majority ( read]s4 ,local circum/ances w 9 mo/ cases modify ! conditions "u :i* ref]5ce & l5d+ libr>ies are built up & diff]5tiat$4 ,9 "s places !re is no sep>ation1 save 9 ! catalogue1 betwe5 ! ref]5ce & l5d+ libr>ies1 & 9 o!rs bo? dep>tm5ts are n only kept ap>t1 b subdivid$ into op51 special & /ore collections4 ,all ?is is v mu* a matt] ( adm9i/ration to be settl$ by ea* responsible (fic] 9 accordance ) 8 or h] k ( ! p>ticul> local conditions4 ,we deal ) ?is "q m 9 detail 9 ! *apt]s on ! ,ref]5ce ,libr>y 7,division ,,xii474 #aij4 ,special ,collections4--,! mo/ necess>y "w ( ! libr>y1 aft] x has =m$ its g5]al collection1 is to collect local lit]ature2 ?is we deal ) 9 a sep>ate *apt] 7,,xxviii474 ,mo/ public libr>ies possess "s k9d ( special collection 9 addition to ! purely local collection4 ,examples ( ^! may be specifi$ 9 ! ,%akespe>e & ,c]vantes collections at ,birm+ham2 ! ,burns & ,scotti% poetry collections at ,glasg[2 music1 %or?&1 ,*9ese books1 etc41 at ,man*e/]2 fi%es at ,*elt5ham2 ,wel% lit]ature at ,c>diff1 etc4 ,! lit]ature ( special local indu/ries %\ld always be collect$4 ,repres5tative works 9 =eign languages1 p>ticul>ly ,fr5*1 ,g]man & ,italian1 %\ld also be collect$1 9 addition to ! ,greek & ,lat9 classics2 & ! l>ge & m cosmopolitan cities may endeav\r to repres5t e =eign lit]>y output s f> z _! circum/ances w>rant & _! f9ances p]mit !m to d s4 #aia4 ,sets ( ,p]iodicals4--,"s discrim9ation mu/ be made 9 reg>d to ! collect+ ( p]iodicals4 ,l>g] libr>ies settle ! "q by secur+ & pres]v+ sets ( all magaz9es ( value :i* !y c accommodate2 b obvi\sly ! exp5se ( ! practice1 ! ephem]al "* ( mu* ( ?is type ( lit]ature1 & ! l>ge am\nt ( %elf space x requires1 makes t practice impossible = any b ! l>ge/ libr>ies4 ,ephem]al1 b o!rwise :olesome1 magaz9es may be us$ unb\nd = issue 9 l5d+ libr>ies to good purpose2 or may be b\nd & s us$--b n replac$ :5 !y are worn out4 ,only p]iodicals :i* h a ref]5ce value %\ld be reta9$ 9 sets1 & !n only :]e ! geographical situation ( ! libr>y w>rants t c\rse4 ,a small] t[n ne> a great t[n libr>y may reasonably ref] its read]s to t libr>y = sets ( exp5sive p]iodicals4 ,we are l$ to ?is view by ! facilities n[ at ! disposal ( libr>ians ?r\gh ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,t body n[ publi%es ! ,subject ,index to ,p]iodicals1 hi!rto call$ ,! ,a!num ,subject ,index--an invaluable & inde$ indisp5sable tool = all libr>ians--& by an arrangem5t ) ! ,c5tral ,l5d+ ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 ,tavi/ock ,squ>e1 ,london1 ,w4,c41 any article record$ 9 ! ,subject ,index may be borr[$ = a paym5t ( ab\t f\rp5ce4 ,! ,index1 moreov]1 gives a li/ ( ! pr9cipal p]iodicals1 & is a r\gh guide to assess+ _! p]man5t wor? z well z an admirable key to _! cont5ts4 #aib4 ,music4--,ne>ly e public libr>y ( any importance has n[ e/abli%$ a music collection1 & ! g5]al exp]i5ce is t x is "o ( ! mo/ popul> & appreciat$ sections 9 ! libr>y4 ,! provision %\ld n at fir/ ext5d to m ?an collections ( pian(orte1 viol91 organ & vocal music 9 ! =m ( b\nd volumes2 op]as1 oratorios1 cantatas & o!r vocal scores2 ! scores ( or*e/ral & *amb] compositions2 & text-books on !ory1 hi/ory & v>i\s in/rum5ts4 ,s+le compositions 9 %eet =m %\ld be v sp>+ly introduc$1 if at all1 unless collections ( ! songs ( "s ( ! be/ mod]n compos]s are =m$ & b\nd up into volumes4 ,a l>ge /ock ( compositions 9 s+le %eets1 h[ev] b\nd or secur$1 w\ld prove a great tr\ble 9 a public libr>y4 ,! compositions ( local compos]s %\ld be collect$1 h[ev]1 & b\nd 9 volumes4 ,9 provid+ %elv+ = music1 x is well to h special cases ) uprights only eighte5 in*es ap>t1 z x is v difficult to consult long r[s ( ?9 qu>to books1 :5 on %elves ?ree feet long1 ow+ to ! weight ( ! books4 ,?is applies to qu>to & folio books g5]ally4 #aic4 ,engrav+s4--,save 9 book =m1 v few public libr>ies h done mu* 9 ! way ( collect+ engrav+s1 pr9ts & et*+s1 unless !y h be5 ( local int]e/4 ,consid]ations ( exp5se w\ld det] mo/ ,briti% public libr>ies f attempt+ ?is k9d ( collection1 & x is r a pity1 because _m pr9ts & engrav+s :i* illu/rate hi/orical ev5ts h imm5se practical value4 ,portraits1 too1 are extremely valuable & useful1 b z means are at pres5t provid$1 ! :ole matt] is "o ( pure speculation & s5tim5t4 ,b p]haps ! day w come :5 public libr>ies may be able to collect specim5s ( ! et*$ "w ( great arti/s2 engrav+s aft] ! greate/ ma/]s2 engrav+s & pr9ts depict+ lead+ ev5ts 9 ! national hi/ory2 & pictures illu/rat+ co/ume1 c]emonials1 mann]s & cu/oms1 disappe>+ build+s1 great eng9e]+ works1 topographical *anges1 etc4 ,! value ( ^! graphic aids to ! fur!rance ( k is enorm\s1 & x is a pity "s sy/ematic ef=t _c be made to record1 pres]ve & index !m m g5]ally & effectively ?an has be5 done 9 depositories l ! ,briti% ,museum4 #caid4 ,photographs4--,collections ( photographs :i* deal ) local matt]s %\ld be made by e public libr>y 7see ,*apt] ,,xxviii474 ,c]ta9 ,am]ican libr>ies also collect photographs ( great pictures & ^? :i* repres5t v>i\s natural =ms4 ,/udies = ! use ( arti/s are also collect$1 m\nt$ on c>ds1 & made accessible1 & "s ( ^! attempts to popul>ize art %\ld be made 9 ,briti% libr>ies4 ,photographs are comp>atively *eap1 & almo/ e k9d ( picture & /udy c be obta9$ 9 ?is m$ium4 ,:at is p>ticul>ly requir$ is "s k9d ( practical li/ or guide1 drawn up by an exp]t1 f :i* libr>ies c\ld make _! selections4 ,a sy/ematic li/ cov]+ ! v>i\s arts ( design1 hi/orical pa9t+1 sculpture1 ar*itecture1 etc41 w\ld be ( great s]vice4 ,photographs ( great public ev5ts1 c]emonials1 build+s1 etc41 & ( em95t p]sonages1 w\ld h to be pur*as$ accord+ to means1 &1 z e "o kn[s1 ?is might be made an endless matt]4 ,!re is no reason1 h[ev]1 :y public libr>ies %\ld n pres]ve good photographs ( ! mo/ em95t au?ors1 arti/s1 musicians1 sci5ti/s1 milit>y comm&]s1 royal p]sonages1 etc4 ,portraits ( su* p]sons are n always easy to f9d 9 books1 :5 requir$1 especially z ! ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,portrait-,index is limit$ 9 scope2 !re=e a sep>ate collection ( portraits 9 alphabetical ord] w\ld be a valuable addition to a public libr>y4 ,9 ?is connexion x is useful to remove portraits ( celebrities1 views1 etc41 f worn-out books & magaz9es1 & pres]ve !m along ) all o!r appropriate matt]4 #c ,! matt]s ?us m>k$ are dealt ) m fully "u ! ,division on ,ref]5ce ,"w1 b are includ$ "h = ! sake ( giv+ a complete conspectus ( ! mat]ial involv$ 9 selection4--,,ed4 #daie4 ,lant]n ,slides4--,9 libr>ies :i* possess lecture-rooms or o!r suitable accommodation1 x is (t5 desirable to collect lant]n slides on su* subjects z local topography & hi/ory1 or on topics :i* illu/rate bibliographical & k9dr$ subjects4 ,^! w be f\nd v useful1 & z ! collection increases1 sets c be l5t out to societies or individuals :o require !m = lectures4 ,! co/ ( /or+ & catalogu+ ! slides is n great1 & !y are und\bt$ly a valuable addition to ! pictorial side ( lit]ature4 #d ,! matt]s ?us m>k$ are dealt ) m fully "u ! ,division on ,ref]5ce ,"w1 b are includ$ "h = ! sake ( giv+ a complete conspectus ( ! mat]ial involv$ 9 selection4--,,ed4 #eaif4 ,trade & o!r ,catalogues4--,a mo/ useful dep>tm5t1 ?\gh some:at difficult to ma9ta91 is a collection ( ! be/ & mo/ repres5tative catalogues & price li/s ( all k9ds ( commodities4 ,sev]al po9ts crop up 9 connection ) ! "w ( =m+ su* collections1 & ! "q ( policy is "h p]haps ! mo/ important4 ,_m firms w n give _! price li/s2 & x may be consid]$ invidi\s to select firms1 !reby sugge/+ fav\ritism & unfair adv]tis+4 ,9 "s indu/ries prices1 ideas & designs are reg>d$ z trade secrets1 & d\btless jeal\sies might be /irr$ up 9 "s qu>t]s4 ,b ! fact rema9s t illu/rat$ catalogues ( books1 furniture1 ironmong]y1 ma*9]y1 pott]y1 art publications1 sci5tific app>atus1 etc41 are (t5 m g5]ally useful ?an text-books or special trade & pr(essional j\rnals4 ,ev5 patt]n books ( wall-pap]s1 bookb9d]s' clo?s1 lea!r-"w1 typef\nd+ & s =? are ( imm5se s]vice to special /ud5ts1 & an ef=t %\ld be made to /r5g!n ! lit]>y side ( suitable subjects by a judici\s selection ( ! be/ illu/rat$ trade catalogues4 #e ,! matt]s ?us m>k$ are dealt ) m fully "u ! ,division on ,ref]5ce ,"w1 b are includ$ "h = ! sake ( giv+ a complete conspectus ( ! mat]ial involv$ 9 selection4--,,ed4 #aig4 ,books = ! ,bl9d4--,_m libr>ies n[ /ore & circulate books = ! bl9d 9 ! ,braille & ,moon types1 & 9 ?is "w "s ( !m h be5 aid$ by ! exp]t advice & actual donations ( special societies int]e/$ 9 ! well-be+ ( ! bl9d4 ,!re is q an ext5sive & rapidly gr[+ lit]ature = ! bl9d 9 ! special rais$ type requir$ = f+]-read+1 & a libr>y ( a few hundr$s ( volumes makes q an impos+ %[4 ,! "q ( space w arise 9 _m places1 because books = ! bl9d are1 z a rule1 only emboss$ on "o side ( ea* page1 &1 ow+ to ?is emboss+ & ! size ( ! type1 "s books make sev]al ?ick qu>to volumes4 ,no space c\ld1 h[ev]1 be devot$ to a m humane or valuable purpose ?an ! /orage ( books = ! bl9d1 & e enc\ragem5t & support %\ld be giv5 to ! movem5t2 ?\gh x w\ld und\bt$ly be ! mo/ effective me?od ( m9i/]+ to ! ne$s ( ! locality to subscribe = a con/antly *ang+ supply ( books to "o ( ! in/itutions = ! bl9d :i* make a speciality ( ?is k9d ( "w4 #faih4 ,maps4--,9 addition to all local maps & plans1 old & new1 sets ( ! ,ordnance & ,geological ,survey maps on ! "o-in* scale %\ld be add$4 ,atlases w exi/ 9 ! ref]5ce libr>y z a matt] ( c\rse1 b maps ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom suitable = t\ri/s1 cycli/s1 angl]s1 climb]s1 etc41 %\ld be add$ z freely z possible4 #f ,! matt]s ?us m>k$ are dealt ) m fully "u ! ,division on ,ref]5ce ,"w1 b are includ$ "h = ! sake ( giv+ a complete conspectus ( ! mat]ial involv$ 9 selection4--,,ed4 #aii4 ,disc>d+ ,effete ,books4--,! "q ( p]iodically we$+ out a public libr>y1 ) ! object ( keep+ x always up to date & also mak+ room = fre% additional /ock1 has already be5 p>tly discuss$ 9 ,sections #ajg1 etc41 & #agd1 etc41 & x is a mo/ important "p ( mod]n public libr>y policy4 ,! p]iodical repr9t+ ( class li/s af=ds a valuable opportunity = consid]+ ! claims ( c]ta9 k9ds ( books to rema9 idle on ! %elves1 :]e !y n only fill ! space :i* %\ld be available = m live works1 b !y ob/ruct ! g5]al "w ( ! libr>y4 ,e public libr>y receives at "o "t or ano!r books :i* mu/ = reasons ( policy be catalogu$4 ,su* books1 = example1 z are donat$1 are expect$ to be plac$ 9 ! libr>y & duly catalogu$4 ,!re are g5]ally hundr$s ( su* books 9 e l>ge libr>y :i* h no p]man5t value2 & ^!1 & also ! mi/ak5 selections ( committees & libr>ians1 %\ld be disc>d$ z soon z possible4 ,!re are also1 ( c\rse1 ! books :i* g out ( use automatically1 su* z ^? not$ 9 ! subjo9$ ,rules1 & ^? o!rs :i* manage to slip into libr>ies :5 ! cu/odian is dream+ ( high] ?+s1 or is misl$ by ! errone\s titles adopt$ by au?ors4 ,! we$+-out process %\ld be cont9u\s1 & :5 catalogues are be+ repr9t$1 ! books are be+ re>rang$1 or any k9d ( fre% movem5t is be+ made1 a specially fav\rable opportunity is af=d$ to prune ! gr[? ( we$s :i* w someh[ manage to infe/ ! be/-regulat$ libr>ies 9 spite ( e c>e4 ,! s5tim5tal museum idea is1 ( c\rse1 responsible = mu* ( ! t5d5cy to collect & pres]ve ev]y?+1 on ! ,byronic !ory1 no d\bt1 t ,a book's a book1 al?\gh !re's no?+ 9't1 &1 z a libr>y is a repository = books1 !n all books %\ld be collect$ & pres]v$ at any haz>d or sacrifice1 be !y good or bad4 #bjj4 ,,rules ,,= ,,disc>d+ ,,useless ,,books3 ,,sci5ce4--,all g5]al works :i* are n epo*-mak+1 b m]ely recapitulations ( asc]ta9$ facts1 %\ld be disc>d$ :5 tw5ty ye>s old4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to disc>d any book1 h[ev] old1 :i* has n be5 effici5tly sup]s$$4 ,all ord9>y text-books ( e sci5ce1 save ma!matics & occult sci5ce1 may be disc>d$ :5 tw5ty ye>s old4 ,nicely illu/rat$ textbooks1 especially ( zoology & botany1 %\ld be disc>d$ ) mu* caution4 ,,useful ,,arts4--,! same rule applies to ?is class z to ,sci5ce1 save t pat5ts1 specifications1 recipes1 books on h\sehold arts1 & all f9ely illu/rat$ books %\ld be reta9$4 ,,f9e ,,arts4--,books mu/ be disc>d$ v sp>+ly 9 ?is section4 ,collections ( engrav+s1 f9ely illu/rat$ books1 & collect$ music1 n at all4 ,,!ology ,,& ,,philosophy4--,philosophical works1 p>ticul>ly sy/ems ( philosophy1 %\ld nev] be disc>d$4 ,hi/orical & explanatory text-books may be disc>d$ z !y become sup]s$$ by lat] works4 ,old !ology1 comm5t>ies on ! ,bible1 sect>ian lit]ature & s]mons %\ld be disc>d$ v freely4 ,!ological controv]sies %\ld nev] be collect$ by g5]al municipal libr>ies unless ( local int]e/4 ,,social ,,sci5ce4--,?is class requires frequ5t revision1 especially 9 ! sections devot$ to political economy1 gov]nm5t1 law & o!r topics4 ,books on que/ions ( mom5t>y int]e/ c be replac$ by hi/orical rsums4 ,con/antly *ang+ subjects l law1 gov]nm5t & political economy %\ld be kept up to date z mu* z possible1 & ! hi/orical record kept by means ( rec5t hi/ories4 ,que/ions l p>liam5t>y re=m1 slav]y & *>tism are illu/rations ( once burn+ topics :i* may j z well be repres5t$ by a few mod]n hi/ories z by actual collections ( ! v volum9\s lit]ature atta*$ to ea* subject4 ,,language ,,& ,,lit]ature4--,old gramm>s may be disc>d$ )\t risk1 & also ord9>y s*ool diction>ies4 ,books on lit]>y hi/ory1 bibliography & libr>ian%ip are tools1 & %\ld nev] be disc>d$4 ,,prose ,,fiction4--,noveli/s m5tion$ 9 lit]>y hi/ories %\ld nev] be disc>d$4 ,m9or noveli/s ( all l&s1 :o are n m5tion$ 9 lit]>y hi/ories1 ^: works h rema9$ unissu$ = a ye> or two1 %\ld be promptly disc>d$4 ,s1 also1 %\ld m]ely topical novels ( no p]man5t int]e/1 :i* libr>ies are (t5 =c$ to buy "u pressure4 ,cont9u\s popul>ity is a good reason = reta9+ any novel1 provid$ x is n immoral4 ,,poetry ,,& ,,drama4--,collective works %\ld nev] be disc>d$ unless effici5tly sup]s$$4 ,b poets & dramati/s ( a day :o are no long] read may be safely disc>d$1 b no "o :o is nam$ 9 hi/ories ( lit]ature4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,geography4--,hi/orical works :i* are m]e rsums1 & n !mselves orig9al au?orities1 may be disc>d$ ) comp>ative safety2 b ! matt] ( illu/rations aga9 applies "h ) consid]able =ce4 ,works ( travel ( ! ord9>y globe-trott+ description may be disc>d$ :5 t5 ye>s old1 along ) all k9ds ( guidebooks1 save ^? :i* are local4 ,b "h1 aga91 bew>e ( disc>d+ illu/rat$ books4 ,pione] works ( exploration %\ld be reta9$4 ,old gazette]s are1 z a rule1 lumb]1 b "s ( ! illu/rat$ ones1 l ,lewis' = ,brita91 may be reta9$ = _! armorial illu/rations4 ,hi/ories :i* are lit]>y classics1 l ,hume1 ,rob]tson1 ,cl>5don1 %\ld be kept1 ev5 if sup]s$$ by m accurate mod]n works4 ,,biography4--,collect$ biography %\ld nev] be disc>d$4 ,! biographies ( non5tities 9 ! individual biography class may1 h[ev]1 be we$$ pretty freely & frequ5tly aft] !y are f =ty to fifty ye>s old4 ,,miscellane\s4--,disc>d old encyclopdias ) c>e2 newspap]s or directories freely4 ,reta9 all local matt] ( ?is k9d h[ev]4 ,be extremely *>y ab\t /or+ inf]ior magaz9es ( ! miscellany ord]4 ,a long set ( an old magaz9e ( ?is k9d is a positive incubus1 & mo/ mod]n magaz9es ( ! snippet ord] are n wor? h\se-room4 ,we> !m out 9 ! read+ rooms by all means1 b d n pres]ve !m4 ,,g5]al4--,all works t are defective or dirty %\ld be disc>d$1 or at any rate )drawn f g5]al circulation4 ,a book defective 9 a plate or a section or two c sometimes be complet$ by an application to ! publi%] = ! miss+ "p1 :i* is usually =?com+ at small co/4 ,dirty books are ! bane ( municipal l5d+ libr>ies1 & a ru?less policy 9 reg>d to !m is a public economy4 ,especially does ?is rem>k apply to classic fiction3 clean1 or fre%1 copies %\ld always be available1 ev5 if at ! co/ ( obta9+ few] works ( inf]ior fiction4 ,_m ( ! criticisms levell$ at libr>ies h be5 due to neglect ( ?is matt]2 sometimes due1 we are sorry to say1 to want ( money to buy ! necess>y replacem5ts4 #bja4 ,none ( ! =ego+ recomm5dations = disc>d+1 except ! la/1 applies to bibliographical r>ities or curiosities2 to works ( recogniz$ lit]>y m]it :i* are m5tion$ 9 hi/ories ( lit]ature2 to books :i* are ( local int]e/2 or to special collections4 ,!y apply simply & solely to ! rank & file ( lit]ature1 ! #ej p] c5t4 ( ! fruits ( ! press :i* become /ale ?r\gh effluxion ( "t4 ,! "q ( h[ to dispose ( disc>d$ books c g5]ally be decid$ by "s local circum/ance4 ,disc>d$ text-books ( sci5ce are g5]ally ( little value to anyone1 & ne$ n be pres]v$ at all4 ,b fad$ works ( travel1 hi/ory & biography may f9d int]e/$ read]s 9 workh\ses1 hospitals & prisons4 ,to ^!1 or simil> in/itutions1 ! disc>d$ books ( a public libr>y c\ld be transf]r$4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to po9t out t books :i* are n good en\gh or fre% en\gh = a c5tral libr>y1 are n good en\gh = a bran* libr>y4 ,books propos$ to be )drawn p]man5tly %\ld be submitt$ to ! libr>y committee1 & li/s ( ! disc>d$ books may be pr9t$ 9 ! bullet91 if !re is "o1 or1 fail+ t1 9 a sep>ate =m4 ,x is useful t read]s likely to be int]e/$ %\ld be af=d$ an opportunity ( judg+ ! proposals & action ( ! libr>y committee 9 its "w ( we$+ out ! libr>y4 ,any s]i\s objection to a book be+ remov$ %\ld be consid]$1 & no?+ %\ld be done )\t ! utmo/ delib]ation1 because1 z yet1 we h n a*iev$ a public libr>y index expurgatorius ( books n wor? pres]v+4 ,:5 ?is comes1 ! task w be imm5sely light5$4 ,books :i* are disc>d$ %\ld n be p]mitt$ to leave ! libr>y unless /amp$1 to indicate t !y are reject$4 ,a /amp ) a movable dat+ c5tre %\ld be us$1 ) ! words1 8,public ,libr>y1 ,disc>d$10 9 a circle4 #bjb4 ,practical ,me?ods ( ,selection4--,! numb] ( books :i* h be5 publi%$ to aid 9 book selection is some:at l>ge1 b few ( !m1 save1 p]haps1 ,sonn5s*e9's publications & ,nelson's ,/&>d ,books1 make any attempt to indicate ! be/ editions ( p>ticul> au?ors4 ,x may be assum$ t e entry 9 ^! li/s ( be/ books repres5ts a "w :i* is recomm5d$ on acc\nt ( its m]it1 lit]>y or o!rwise4 ,b some?+ m ?an ?is is requir$ by ! libr>ian :o is fac$ ) ! task ( build+ up a great mod]n libr>y1 & is limit$ 9 8 selection to books ( ! mo/ endur+ m]it1 & ^? :i* mo/ completely & accurately record ! /ate ( ! sci5ce or subject to :i* !y are devot$4 ,x is a v easy matt] to simply ord] books1 l ! millionaire :o fitt$ up 8 libr>y by ! sup]ficial y>d1 !reby tempt+ a booksell]1 entru/$ ) a l>ge ord] = books ( a uni=m size 9 f9e b9d+s1 to b9d up "s hundr$s ( copies ( a *eap 8rema9d]10 9 diff]5t cov]s1 b ) v>y+ titles1 9 ord] to provide 9 dummy =m ! necess>y mileage ( books requir$4 ,public libr>y =mation c h>dly be und]tak5 9 ?is happy-g-lucky mann]4 #bjc4 ,! pr9cipal aids to ! selection ( new books are ,! ,libr>y ,association ,li/ ( ,be/ ,books1 :i* is an annotat$1 classifi$ & evaluat$ li/ publi%$ weekly 9 ,! ,a!num1 & ,! ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,book-,li/1 :i* s]ves simil>ly = ,am]ican books1 & ! j\rnals ( v>i\s k9ds1 :i* review & adv]tise books z publi%$4 ,comp>atively few ( ! lit]>y j\rnals review books 9 a mann] helpful to ! w\ld-be book-buy]1 because !y d n describe ! cont5ts ( !m s mu* z criticize _! lit]>y /yle1 production1 pr9t]s' errors1 etc4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a mod]n book review is :at x 0 9 ! old days ( ! ,ed9burgh & ,qu>t]ly1 simply a peg on :i* to hang ! review]'s op9ions on ! subject ( ! book1 & on :i* to display 8 k & critical insight4 ,moreov]1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t publi%]s adv]tise _! w>es 9 lit]>y j\rnals1 & t fact may1 9 "s cases1 n be )\t influ5ce ^u ! views ( ! critics4 ,! subject ( ! book1 its /yle ( treatm5t1 scope1 & details ( its cont5ts are left to be div9$ by ! read]4 ,"s ( ! mod]n publi%]s' mon?ly catalogues are mu* m helpful ?an any j\rnal or review1 because !y add brief descriptive notes to ea* entry ( a new book4 ,a pla91 practical note outl9+ ! pr9cipal cont5ts & int5tion ( a book is wor? pages ( critical rem>ks to ! libr>ian book-buy]4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! j\rnals mo/ us$ by libr>ians 9 select+ new books3 ,,g5]al3 ,a!num 7,annotat$7 ,lit]>y ,_w ,publi%]s' ,circul> ,weekly & mon?ly1 mo/ ( ,saturday ,review !m giv+ a summ>y li/ ,nation 7,london7 ( new books1 reviews1 & ,spectator adv]tisem5ts4 ,times ,lit]>y ,supplem5t 7,annotat$7 ,bookman4 ,booksell]4 ,book ,mon?ly4 ,a4,l4,a4 ,book ,li/4 7,annotat$47 ,nation 7,new ,york74 ,publi%]s' ,weekly 7,new ,york74 ,,special3 ,nature 7sci5tific books g5]ally74 ,engli% ,me*anic 7te*nical books7 ,eng9e] 7te*nical books74 ,curr5t ,=eign books c readily be f\nd 9 ! li/s issu$ by ,brockhaus1 ,ha*ette1 ,williams ,norgate1 ,dulau1 etc4 ,9 addition to ! v unc]ta9 & unsatisfactory me?od ( ?us *oos+ new books by _! titles1 because x am\nts to v little else1 "s arrangem5t is requir$ :]eby libr>ies c obta9 non-fictional books on view1 s t !y c be prop]ly exam9$ be=e be+ ord]$4 ,publi%]s are g5]ally will+ to submit new publications to libr>ians ?r\gh _! booksell]s1 & visits to l>ge book /ores %\ld be made frequ5tly4 ,a good plan is = a public libr>y to ma9ta9 "o or two subscriptions ) a l>ge comm]cial circulat+ libr>y1 ?r\gh :i* new books may be read or exam9$4 #bjd4 ,! be/ guides to ! titles ( old books1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 include mod]n books o!r ?an rec5t publications1 w be f\nd 9 ,app5dix ,,ii41 p4 #ejg4 ,"h aga91 no d\bt ow+ to ! l>g5ess ( ! field1 notes 9 aid ( *oice are badly want$4 ,nelson's & ,sonn5s*e9's books are ! be/ 9 ?is respect1 if ! special annotat$ li/s 9 ! latt] are except$4 ,,bibliography #bje4 ,g5]al3 ,bascom1 ,e4 ,l4 ,book ,selection4 ,9 ,a4,l41 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ4 ,prepr9t ( *apt] xvi41 #aiae4 ,bissek]1 ,h4 7,ed474 ,/ud5ts' ,libr>y1 #aiaa4 ,kelly4 ,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,! ,small ,libr>y1 #aijg4 ,r\tl$ge4 ,cutt]1 ,w4 ,p4 ,report ( ! ,a4,l4,a4 ,committee on ,book-buy+4 ,a4,l4,a4 ,bullet91 vol4 iv41 p4 #ejf4 #aiaj4 ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,book ,selection4 ,9 8 ,libr>y ,prim]1 #aiaj1 p4 #dc4 ,flet*]1 ,w4 ,t4 ,selection & ,pur*ase ( ,books4 ,9 8 ,public ,libr>ies 9 ,am]ica1 p4 #fh4 ,sp(=d1 ,a4 ,r4 ,book = all ,read]s1 #aiji4 ,putnam4 ,:eatley1 ,h4 ,b4 ,h[ to ,=m a ,libr>y1 #aijb4 ,/ock4 #bjf4 ,special3 ,kroeg]1 ,a4 ,b4 ,guide to ! ,/udy ( ,ref]5ce ,books4 ,coe1 ,e4 ,m4 ,fiction ,) li/ ( articles4 ,u4,s4 ,education ,rept41 #ahib-ic1 vol4 i41 p4 #icc4 ,great ,fiction ,"q4 ,gre5wood's ,ye>-,book1 #ahig1 p4 #ajg4 ,libr>y ,association4 ,public ,libr>ies & ! ,di/ribution ( ,emboss$ ,books to ,local ,bl9d ,read]s1 #aiac4 ,ri*>dson1 ,e4 ,c4 ,ref]5ce ,books4 ,u4,s4 ,education ,dept41 #ahib-ic1 vol4 i41 p4 #igf4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,g4 #a-bd1 ,book ,selection4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,accession ,,me?ods #bjg4 ,donations4--,! fir/ ,briti% ,public ,libr>y ,act did n make any provision = funds ) :i* to buy books3 x tru/$ entirely1 ) ! innoc5ce ( extreme y\?1 to ! b5evol5ce ( donors4 ,z ^! some:at r>e p]sons did n respond 9 an enc\rag+ mann]1 ! ,acts 7 =?) am5d$1 & communities giv5 p[] to pur*ase books f su* limit$ funds z 7 left aft] loans1 ! libr>ian's sal>y & ! light+ bill _h be5 settl$4 ,al?\gh e libr>y b5efits n[ & !n f ! g5]osity ( donors ( books & money1 donations _c be reg>d$ z a reliable s\rce ( a con/ant & lib]al supply ( good & suitable books4 ,inde$1 x may be ass]t$ t m pr9t$ rubbi% is be/[$ annually on public libr>ies ?an any?+ ( a useful or valuable sort4 ,t\t+ = gifts is to be avoid$4 ,x is n only undignifi$1 b (t5 results 9 failure & a c]ta9 loss ( /atus to ! libr>y :i* employs a g5]al begg+ policy4 ,/ate pap]s & public docum5ts are c>efully pres]v$ 9 _m libr>ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,_m ( ! be/ p>liam5t>y pap]s & reports c be obta9$ free on application to ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice 9 ,london1 b o!r valuable public docum5ts1 su* z "s ( ! ,record ,(fice publications1 ! ,ordnance ,survey1 etc41 mu/ be pur*as$4 ,! p>liam5t>y pap]s 7 n giv5 free to public libr>ies till aft] ye>s ( agitation dat+ f ! "t ( ,edw>ds 9 #ahej4 ,a selection ( ^! pap]s w be f\nd suffici5t = mo/ libr>ies1 & ?is c be made f ! li/s publi%$ by ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice4 #bjh4 ,all donations1 good1 bad or indiff]5t1 %\ld be duly record$ 9 a special ,,donation ,,regi/]1 & ! donors %\ld be ?ank$ 9 ! usual mann]1 ei!r by means ( a special circul> or po/-c>d4 ,= ! majority ( donations a pr9t$ po/-c>d ( ackn[l$gm5t is commonly us$1 & specially valuable gifts are ackn[l$g$ by special resolutions convey$ 9 a h&some =m4 ,x w\ld seem bett]1 h[ev]1 if a lett]-=m ( ackn[l$gm5t 7 g5]ally us$4 ,gratitude1 ev5 = small gifts1 co/s little1 & its expression frequ5tly leads to m valuable gifts4 ,! usual word+ = ackn[l$gm5ts runs ?us3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>y4 ,i am direct$ to ackn[l$ge ! receipt ( y\r gift nam$ bel[1 & to convey to y ! mo/ cordial ?anks ( ! ,libr>y ,committee4 ,y\rs fai?fully1 4444444444444444444444444444,*ief ,libr>ian4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,fig4 #eg4--;,donation ,ackn[l$gm5t 7,section #bjh74 #bji4 ,! rul+ ( a donation book 7,fig4 #eh7 w be f\nd to answ] all ord9>y purposes4 ,! donation numb] is a progressive numb] :i* %\ld be giv5 to all gifts1 p>ticul>ly books1 because1 :5 p5cill$ on volumes :i* are duplicates or n /ock$ = any reason1 x is easy to asc]ta9 _! hi/ory by turn+ up ! numb] 9 ! donation book4 ,mo/ ( ! o!r head+s expla9 !mselves4 ,:5 books are add$ to ! libr>y z donations x is well to c>ry into ?is record ! accession numb]s giv5 to !m 9 ! columns provid$4 ,9 ! 8,rem>ks0 column c be ent]$ any in=mation z to ! disposal ( ! gifts4 ,9 "s libr>ies a book is us$ :i* resembles a receipt book 9 hav+ a c\nt]foil & a te>-(f %eet =m+ a ?anks circul> or ackn[l$gm5t =m4 ,?is /yle ( book is less satisfactory ?an ! =m ( record giv5 above4 -----------------#i--------------------- ----------i-------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,date ,accession ,d- ,date ( ,ac-,descrip- ,no4 ,"n &,numb]4 na- ( ,re-kn[l tion ( ( ,address ---------,rem>ks4 tionceipt4edg- ,donation4,vols4( ,l5d4,ref4 ,no4 m5t4 ,donor4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #ac ,v ,,fig4 #eh4--;,donation ,book ,rul+ 7,section #bji74 #baj4 ,read]s' ,sugge/ions4--,!re are comp>atively few sugge/ions ( new books made by read]s 9 public libr>ies1 mo/ ( ! recomm5dations com+ f ! libr>ian & ! committee4 ,x is cu/om>y to provide a book 9 :i* memb]s ( ! public c ent] _! sugge/ions1 or slips z describ$ 9 ,section #dh4 ,slips are p]haps pref]able to books1 z !y are m likely to be us$ by ! public & are h&i] to arrange4 ,fail+ !m1 an ord9>y foolscap folio book c be provid$1 rul$ ) columns across two pages %[+3 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,date ( ,date ,"n & ,decision ,sugges-,au?or4,title4 ( ,vols4,price4 ,pub- ,address (( ,com- tion4 ,publ4 li%]4,propos]4 mittee4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,fig4 #ei4--,proposition ,book ,rul+ 7,section #baj74 #baa4 ,f ! sugge/ions ( ! public & ! committee & 8 own /udy ( reviews1 catalogues1 j\rnals1 etc41 ! libr>ian prep>es a li/ ( book sugge/ions = ! use ( ! committee1 or special books sub-committee1 z ! case may be4 ,?is li/ may ei!r be ent]$ & kept 9 ! sugge/ions book1 or writt5 out on sep>ate slips 7#e in*es #c in*es71 :i* c be aft]w>ds us$ z a catalogue = /aff use4 ,! latt] plan is pref]able z be+ m economical & conv5i5t1 especially :5 work$ 9 conjunction ) sugge/ion slips1 ( ! same size1 in/ead ( a proposition book4 ,"s committees require a duplicat$ li/ ( ! sugge/ions to be prep>$ & circulat$ be=e !y meet 9 ord] t e memb] may h ! opportunity ( exam9+ x be=eh&4 ,9 a few cases ! libr>ian also 7or z an alt]native7 obta9s all ! books on approval f ! booksell]1 & ! committee *ooses f direct exam9ation ( ! books !mselves4 ,?is me?od involves extra lab\r1 especially 9 l>ge libr>ies1 b is v successful & well wor? ! tr\ble4 ,:5 ! li/ has pass$ ! committee1 ) :atev] modifications !y may h impos$1 ! books c be ord]$ z describ$ bel[ 9 ,section #bac4 ,^! sugge/ions are ! ma9 s\rce f :i* ! libr>y is built up1 & ought to be prep>$ & exam9$ ) great c>e4 ,aris+ out ( ?is "p ( ! subject is ! "q ( buy+ books at sales4 ,?is is (t5 done ?r\gh a booksell] or o!r ag5t1 :o receives a m>k$ copy ( ! catalogue1 ) ! prices to be (f]$ writt5 aga9/ ea* entry1 & = 8 s]vices 9 att5d+ & bidd+ #e to #aj p] c5t4 is g5]ally all[$4 ,( c\rse1 at any book-sale 9 ! same t[n z ! libr>y1 ! libr>ian may att5d1 b an exp]i5c$ ag5t is m likely to avoid mi/akes4 ,un=tunately few public libr>ies c af=d to compete ) booksell]s & private collectors 9 ! sal]oom1 & practically ?is s\rce ( accessions is n ( mu* use to ! majority ( ,briti% public libr>ies4 #bab4 ,subscription ,books4--,s\rces ( book supply 9 _m libr>ies are ! works com+ regul>ly z annuals1 or f societies to ^: publications ! libr>y subscribes4 ,pat5ts' specifications1 p>liam5t>y reports & o!r p]iodical publications also furni% a con/ant1 if some:at irregul>1 /ream ( additions4 ,!re %\ld be "s simple means ( *eck+ ^! annual & irregul> publications1 & a s]ies ( c>ds1 some:at simil> to ^? sugge/$ = magaz9es 9 ,section #dge1 w be f\nd v conv5i5t4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to add t ^! *eck-c>ds %\ld be exam9$ regul>ly = ov]dues & omissions4 ,societies :i* issue only occasional monographs are ! mo/ difficult to trace & *eck4 ,) annual publications ( a def9ite k9d1 su* z ,:itak]'s ,almanack1 !re is no tr\ble :atev]4 #bac4 ,ord]+4--,! r\t9e ( book ord]+ %\ld be r$uc$ to ! simple/ possible sy/em4 ,!re are pl5ty ( elaborate me?ods design$ to f9d out & p5alize default+ assi/ants1 booksell]s1 etc41 b !y are n recomm5d$4 ,! v simple/ plan is to place ! proposition slips1 :5 dealt ) by ! committee1 9 a special tray1 or1 bett]1 draw] ( a c>d cab9et1 9 a comp>tm5t m>k$ 8,books pass$ by committee10 & !n to ent] !m 9 an ord9>y ord]-%eet1 ( :i* a c>bon copy %\ld be tak51 or :i* may be copi$ lat]4 ,^! ord] %eets 7#h in*es #aj in*es7 may be rul$ ?us3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>y 44444444444444444444444444444444#ai ,m44444444444444444444444444444 w oblige by supply+ ! foll[+ books accord+ to ! t]ms (444444444444444 contract1 z soon z possible1 accompani$ by an invoice sett+ out ! price ( e s+le book1 & ! disc\nt4 ,unless o!rwise specifi$1 ! late/ edition ( ea* book is requir$4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,au?or4 ,title4 ,date4 ,publi%]4 ,price4 ,rem>ks4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,fig4 #fj4--;,book-ord] ,%eet 7,section #bac74 ,9 ! 8,rem>ks0 column ( ! duplicate copy c be ent]$ ! date ( receipt :5 a p>cel ( books is be+ m>k$ (f4 ,libr>ies :i* use v]tical & simil> fil+ sy/ems pres]ve c>bon copies ( ord] li/s & file !m "u appropriate head+s1 & disp5se ) ! rul$ ord] %eet giv5 above1 m]ely accompany+ ! li/s ) a g5]al (ficial ord]4 ,:]e a duplicat$ 7cyclo/yl$1 mimeograph$1 etc47 li/ ( sugge/ions is us$ = ! committee1 a copy ( ?is1 ) ! committee's adju/m5ts1 c be us$ z an ord] li/4 ,! booksell]'s invoice & ! books are *eck$ by ! sugge/ion slips1 & discrepancies ( price or books n suppli$ are reveal$ imm$iately4 ,! use ( books = ent]+ li/s1 or = o!r libr>y record purposes1 is gradually giv+ way to ! m mobile & economical sy/ems to be obta9$ by ! use ( expansible files & c>d indexes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #fa4--;,book-ord] ,tray 7,sections #bac1 #bad74g #g ,?is illu/ration is reta9$ because x illu/rates a satisfactory me?od ( guid+2 b ?is type ( tray is inf]ior to a special draw] 9 an 8adm9i/rative0 c>d cab9et4 ,9 su* a cab9et draw]s w\ld be assign$ to 7#a7 8,,sugge/ions10 :i* w\ld include ! slips = all books not$ by ! libr>ian = consid]ation2 sugge/ions by exp]ts2 by /aff2 incomplete works1 etc42 7#b7 8,,committee ,,draw]10 conta9+ books 8,submitt$ to ! ,committee10 & 8,pass$10 & 8,reject$0 7) reasons71 or 8,po/pon$ = fur!r inquiries1 etc402 7#c7 8,,ord] ,,draw]10 ) guides %[+ 8,ord]$10 8,ov]due10 8,n ,suppli$0 7:5 ,o4,p41 ,b9d+1 ,repr9t+1 etc41 ! reasons %\ld be /at$ & dat$72 & 7#d7 8,,additions10 conta9+ ! slips ( books add$ dur+ ! ye>1 aft] ! slips h be5 us$ 9 ! catalogu+ processes4 ,aft] a ye> ! slips are work$ into ! ,/aff ,catalogue4 #bad4 ,:5 ! ord] has be5 plac$ ) ! booksell]1 ! slips a=esaid %\ld be transf]r$ to a comp>tm5t m>k$ 8,books on ord]10 & z ! books are suppli$ !y c be )drawn & plac$ 9 a comp>tm5t m>k$ 8,books = catalogue40 ,?is w leave a residue ( ov]due books1 :i* c be ov]haul$ at int]vals1 &1 :5 ! books h be5 writt5 =1 transf]r$ to a comp>tm5t m>k$ 8,books ov]due40 ,a simple =m ( tray is "o divid$ by means ( project+ guides to indicate ! cont5ts ( ea* comp>tm5t 7,fig4 #fa74 ,?is plan ( keep+ *eck ( books on ord]1 at e /age1 w be f\nd mu* simpl]1 & m accurate & conv5i5t ?an any sy/em ( book-keep+4 #bae4 ,accession ,"w4--,:5 a p>cel ( new books arrives f ! booksell]1 or a mon?ly lot ( donations is pass$1 x is wise to ent] ea* lot 9 a special book call$ ! r\t9e book1 :i* w det]m9e ! ord] ( numb]+1 & give r\gh figures ( co/ & numb] ( additions to all dep>tm5ts4 ,?is book is rul$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fb;,a1 & expla9s itself4 ,ea* new book %\ld be c>efully exam9$ = imp]fections1 etc41 be=e be+ numb]$4 ,! books %\ld next be arrang$ 9 ord] ( invoice or donation book1 ) ! l5d+1 ref]5ce1 bran* & *ildr5's books 9 sep>ate lots4 #baf4 ,! ,,accession ,,numb]s mu/ next be appli$1 & x %\ld be made a rule 9 e libr>y1 :atev] me?od ( classification is adopt$1 to give ! books a progressive accession numb] irrespective ( a class numb]4 ,a special book = record+ ^! numb]s c be obta9$1 "o ea* = ! l5d+ & ref]5ce libr>ies1 rul$ z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,progressive ,class ,au?or & ,title4 ,class or ,no4 ,lett]4 ,%elf ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #a ,a ,balf\r4 ,manual ( ,botany4 #bjj #b #c #d #e & on to #ej p] page ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,fig4 #fb4--;,accessions ,numb] ,book 7,section #baf74 ,?is w %[ at a glance ! next vacant numb] to be us$1 & also1 r\ghly1 ! total numb] ( books 9 ! libr>y at any giv5 mom5t1 :5 ! )drawals are c\nt$ (f4 ,! accession numb]s %\ld be writt5 on ! back ( ! title-page ( ea* book1 & %\ld also be writt5 aga9/ ! entry on ! invoice1 & also1 if a donation1 9 ! appropriate column ( ! donation book4 ,9 cases :]e ! /ock book is also ! ord] book1 ! accessions numb] book c be disp5s$ )1 & ! accessions r\t9e book us$ alone4 ---------------------------------------- --- ,fir/ ,accession ,numb] ( ,s\rce3 ,^w ,numb]4 ,vols4 ,date4 ,donor or ( ,v5dor4 ,invoice4 ------------------ ,l5d4,ref4,l5d4,ref4 ---------------------------------------- - #aija ,june #f,tompk9s ,balf\r #a-eja-be #ej #be #ab;,donations,see ,book#ea-ef 44 #f 44 ---------------------------------------- - ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,replacem5ts4 ,fir/ ,co/4 ,s\rce3 ,^w ,re- ,date4 ,donor or ( m>ks4 ,v5dor4 ,invoice4 ----------------------------- ,l5d4 ,ref4 ,vols4 ,co/4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #aija ,june #f,tompk9s ,balf\r #gaj #j #f #e #j #f #jai #j #ab;,donations,see ,book444444444444 44 444444 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,,fig4 #fb;,a4--,accessions ,r\t9e ,book 7,section #bae74 #bag4 ,accord+ to ! sy/em ( *>g+ us$1 ea* book %\ld be dealt ) fur!r1 z reg>ds appropriat+ its equival5t c>d1 indicator book1 or l$g] page1 z may be ne$ful4 ,assum+ t c>d *>g+ is ! adopt$ plan1 a specially made manila book-c>d mu/ be prep>$1 hav+ ! accession & class numb] & lett]1 & its au?or & title writt5 on its front surface1 z bel[3 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,e #ajjc4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 ,balf\r4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 ,manual ( ,botany4 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 ---------------------------------------- ------ ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,fig4 #fc4--,manila ,book-c>d4 ,?is =m ( book-c>d may be rul$ to take ! borr[]s' numb]s & dates ( issues1 & is "o ( ! ma9 accessories ( ! c>d sy/em describ$ 9 ,sections #chj1 #cha4 #bah4 ,) indicators x is necess>y to write ! accession numb]s on to ! indicator books or tabs accord+ to ! /yle ( indicator us$4 ,9 =ms su* z ! ,elliot1 ! numb] is already fix$ on ! indicator frame & requires no additional book tab or block4 ,o!r processes connect$ ) book numb]+ = %elv+ purposes are consid]$ 9 ,*apt] ,,xxv4 #bai4 ,! next process is ! ,,labell+ ( ! books4 ,ref]5ce libr>y books are usually labell$ on ! inside ( _! front bo>ds ) ! libr>y book-plate1 :i* may be an arti/ic device1 or a simple label be>+ ! t[n's arms & a few ( ! *ief rules ( ! dep>tm5t 7,fig4 #fd74 ,"s libr>ies add a label rul$ 9 columns to %[ dates ( issue1 b ?is does n seem p>ticul>ly useful4 ,l5d+ libr>y books are labell$ ) a label pa/$ d[n on ! inside front bo>d be>+ ! *ief rules = borr[]s1 & ) a date label secur$ to ! front fly-leaf by means ( a n>r[ l9e ( pa/e on ! inn] edge4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,no444444 ,,metropolitan ,,bor\gh ,,( ,,isl+ton4 ,,public ,,libr>ies4 ,,nor? ,,bran*4 ,,manor ,,g>d5s1 ,,holl[ay ,,road1 ,n4 ,,h\rs4 ,l5d+ ,libr>y ,,op5 f #aj a4m4 till #i p4m4 on week-days4 ,,clos$ on ,sundays & public holidays4 ,,r5ewals4 ,! issue ( a book may be r5ew$ = a fur!r p]iod ( #ae days on notice be+ giv5 ei!r p]sonally or 9 writ+4 ,see ,rule #ai4 ,,res]v$ ,,books4 ,any book may be res]v$ on paym5t ( "o p5ny to cov] exp5ses4 ,see ,rule #bj4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,fig4 #fd4--;,book ,label ) ,ab/ract ( ,rules 7,section #bai74 ,?is enables ! label to be remov$ easily :5 /amp$ all ov] ) dates ( issue4 ,an ord9>y =m ( date label is rul$ 9 columns to take ! dates z %[n 9 ,fig4 #fe4 #bbj4 ,x is a v important matt]1 affect+ n only libr>ies1 b g5]al read]s ( all k9ds1 t books %\ld be issu$ by _! publi%]s 9 a condition ( read9ess = imm$iate use4 ,! absurd & mo/ inconv5i5t practice ( publi%+ novels1 ref]5ce books1 & inde$ any k9d ( "w1 ) uncut leaves1 is "o :i* causes m wa/e ( "t & irritation ?an almo/ any?+ else 9 connexion ) books4 ,a publi%] may be ju/ifi$ 9 s5d+ out special books 9 limit$ editions ) uncut edges & leaves unop5$1 b e o!r k9d ( book %\ld h its edges neatly & smoo?ly trimm$ & its leaves cut 9 read9ess = ! read]4 ,x is clean] & m conv5i5t1 because no?+ holds du/ l ! r\gh top & =e-edges ( books cut ) a pap]-knife1 & = ?is reason alone x %\ld be made a p5al (f5ce to issue books ) unop5$ leaves4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,"t ,,all[$ ,,= ,,read+4 ,?is book is issu$ = #ae days & mu/ be return$ on or be=e ! date la/ /amp$ bel[4 ,if kept beyond t date1 a f9e ( "o p5ny p] week or "p ( a week w be incurr$4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,no p]son %all take out ( any libr>y any book = use 9 any h\se 9 :i* !re is a p]son suff]+ f infecti\s disease1 & no p]son %all return to any su* libr>y any book :i* has be5 expos$ to infection f any infecti\s disease1 b %all at once give notice to ! ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ,heal? t x has be5 expos$ to infection & leave ! book at ! (fice ( ! ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ,heal? or h& x ov] to any ,sanit>y ,inspector act+ on 8 behalf1 :o %all cause ! same to be dis9fect$ & !n return$ to ! ,libr>y1 or de/roy$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,fig4 #fe4--;,book ,label = ,dates 7,section #bai74 #bba4 ,! ,,/amp+ & ,,cutt+ ( ! leaves ( new books is ! next /ep 9 ! prep>ation ( books = public use1 & z reg>ds ! latt] x is necess>y to insi/ t ! leaves %\ld be cut close into ! backs ( ! books1 & n left uncut to )9 half or qu>t] an in* ( ! back1 s t an ugly te> is made :5ev] ! book is fully op5$4 ,a half-cut book is an abom9ation n to be endur$4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( /amps are us$1 ink1 emboss+ & p]=at+4 ,! ink ones1 usually appli$ ) rubb] dies1 are n altoge!r satisfactory :5 us$ ) ord9>y anil9e endors+ inks1 z !y c be eras$4 ,pr9t]s' ink is m satisfactory1 b x takes "s "t to dry1 & requires metal /amps to make x "w easily4 ,! ink us$ by ! ,po/ ,(fice :5 appli$ ) a metal /amp has be5 f\nd effective4 ,b = _! exp5se emboss+ /amps are mo/ satisfactory1 & ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( ^! ! p]=at+ /amp =m$ l a pair ( nipp]s is ! easie/ to apply4 ,:atev] k9d ( /amp is us$1 x %\ld be made 9 a circul> %ape1 z 9 :atev] position x is appli$ x nev] appe>s to be upside d[n or unev51 z o!r %apes too frequ5tly d4 ,e libr>y %\ld select c]ta9 fix$ pages on :i* ! /amps are to be plac$1 & e title-page1 fir/ & la/ pages ( text1 & all plates %\ld be /amp$4 ,z a rule too mu* "t is wa/$ 9 /amp+ libr>y books1 & x w be f\nd q en\gh to /amp ! places indicat$1 & use a bl9d emboss+ /amp = ! bo>ds4 #bbb4 ,9 c]ta9 books x is desirable to ins]t special labels = ! in/ruction ( ! /aff & z a g5tle w>n+ to read]s2 = example3 ---------------------------- ,notice to ,/aff4--,?is book is to be exam9$ on its return to ! libr>y4 ---------------------------- ,,fig4 #ff4--,w>n+ ,label4 ,?is is especially useful 9 ! case ( books conta9+ plates ( art subjects :i* are liable to !ft or disfigurem5t4 ,9 ref]5ce books ) l>ge fold+ maps or plates1 ! foll[+ label1 :i* is atta*$ to ea* map or plate1 has prov$ to be s]viceable3 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,croydon ,,public ,,libr>ies4 ,,fold+ ,,map ,,or ,,plate4 ,please unfold c>efully to avoid te>+4 ,9 re-fold+1 be sure y return to orig9al folds4 ,if a ref]5ce book1 ask ! assi/ant to d x = y1 r ?an re-fold wrongly4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,fig4 #fg4--,map or ,plate ,label4 #bbc4 ,process ,*eck+4--,_m libr>ies keep a complete *eck ( ! processes ?r\gh :i* a book passes f its receipt f ! booksell] to its issue to ! public1 9 ! =m ( a rubb] /amp :i* is impress$ ^u ! back ( ! title-page1 or at "s o!r conv5i5t place 9 ! book3 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,numb]$ ,cut ,/amp$ -------------- ,process ,lab4 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,book-plat$ ,catalogu$3 ,*eck$ ,slip3 ,annotation3 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,accession$ ,book-c>d$ ,f9ally ,*eck$ & ,issu$ ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,fig4 #fh4--,process ,/amp 7or ,label74 ,! assi/ant c>ry+ out ! process initials ! appropriate blank on ! impression1 & ?is protects ! good assi/ant f blame = ! faults ( ! occasional c>eless "o4 ,:at is m important1 !y %[ anyone com+ newly to a bat* ( books ! /age t has be5 rea*$ 9 _! prep>ation4 ,su* /amps are readily appli$ & h ju/ifi$ _! use4 #bbd4 ,/ock ,book4--,?is is ! *ief inv5tory or record ( ! books conta9$ 9 ! libr>y 9 e dep>tm5t1 & %\ld be rul$ to %[ ! hi/ory ( ea* book f its accession till its f9al )drawal4 ,! int]m$iate r5ewals ( worn-out copies ne$ n be %[n 9 ?is book1 z !y complicate ! record imm5sely1 & !re seems no /rong reason = do+ m ?an not+ ! total numb] ( r5ewals 9 ! ,r\t9e book1 z already %[n 9 ,section #bae4 ,!re are _m =ms ( /ock books1 b = ord9>y ,briti% municipal libr>ies ! v>iety %[n 9 ! rul+ on page #bjb w be f\nd1 ) its accessories1 suffici5t = e purpose4 ,!re does n seem to be any obvi\s advantage 9 ! ,am]ican plan ( pr9t+ ! accession numb]s progressively d[n ea* page1 z ?is r5d]s x impossible to re-ent] a new book :i* has be5 giv5 a )drawn numb]1 & !re is a decid$ wa/e 9 us+ up f two to a hundr$ l9es = a s+le "w4 #bbe4 ,! /ock book n[ recomm5d$ c be adapt$ to any sy/em ( classification1 & :5 us$ 9 conjunction ) ! annual ab/ract %eets1 rul$ z %[n on page #bjc1 ! exact position ( ! /ock c be easily & correctly asc]ta9$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,accession,au?or4 ,brief ,title4 ,place ( ,date ( ,no4 ( ,no4 ,publication4,publication4,vols4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,fig4 #fi4--,/ock ,book4--,left-h& ,folio 7,section #bbd74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,class,b9d+4,donor or,date ( ,price4 ,special,)- ,re- ,no4 ,v5dor4,receipt4 ,collec-drawalm>ks4 tion4 ,book4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,fig4 #gj4--,/ock ,book4--,"r-h& ,folio 7,section #bbd74 #bbf4 ,e book receiv$ into ! libr>y mu/ be ent]$ 9 ! /ock book1 & a sep>ate book %\ld be kept = ! ref]5ce & l5d+ dep>tm5ts & = e bran*4 ,provision is made 9 ! rul+ = any ne$ful cross-ref]5ce to ! )drawals book1 & a column is us$ = any rem>ks requir$ to elucidate fur!r ! hi/ory ( ea* book4 ,:5 a book is disc>d$ x is ent]$ 9 ! )drawals book1 & ! page ( ?is regi/] is c>ri$ into ! appropriate column 9 ! /ock book aga9/ ! orig9al entry4 ,! /ock is balanc$ annually by ! )drawals ( ! ye> be+ d$uct$ f ! total /ock z asc]ta9$ at ! end ( ! previ\s ye>1 plus all ! new additions4 ,)drawn numb]s %\ld be appli$ to new books s z to prev5t blanks 9 ! sequ5ce1 & su* books mu/ be ent]$ 9 ! /ock book 9 its *ronological ord]1 & cross-ref]5ces made betwe5 ! new & orig9al entries4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,page4 ,classification4 ,total,b\ght4 ,pre- ,special ,vols4 s5t$4 ,collec- tions4 ----------- ---------- ---------------------------------------- ----- ,,fig4 #ga4--;,ab/ract ,%eet = ,/ock & ,)drawals ,book 7,section #bbe74 ,?is w cause occasional irregul>ities 9 ! progression ( numb]s ( ! 8,accession ,numb]0 column1 b x is ( mu* great] importance n to all[ ext5sive blanks to occur 9 ?is s]ies ( numb]s1 z x w play havoc ) ! *>g+ sy/em lat] on4 ,?is me?od ( re-ent]+ _c be done ) /ock books hav+ ! accession numb]s ready pr9t$1 & libr>ians :o use ?is =m mu/ make up _! m9ds to run a v irregul> s]ies ( numb]s4 ,! :ole process c be simplifi$ by ! use ( a loose-leaf accession book1 su* z ! 8,kalamazoo0 l$g]s4 ,z entries become conge/$ by ! sub/itution ( o!r books = ^? orig9ally /ock$1 ! conge/$ pages c be re-writt5 z a :ole4 ,a regi/] ( disc>d$ books or )drawals c be kept 9 a sep>ate book--! sup]s$$ loose leaves c be fil$ = ! purpose--if x is ?\ght desirable to reta9 a record ( books :i* h be5 & are no long] 9 ! libr>y2 b exp]i5ce has n %[n su* a record to h any precise or practical value4 ,z 9 _m o!r bran*es ( libr>y "w1 ! t5d5cy 9 accession "w is to elaborate e process in/ead ( simplify+ x4 ,! simple/ =m ( /ock book is t 9 :i* a specially rul$ c\nt]foil is atta*$ to ! ord] =ms & :i* only provides columns = accession & class numb]s1 au?or1 title & numb] ( volumes1 publi%] & price4 ,aft] all a /ock book ne$ only be a k9d ( record ( orig91 & n necess>ily an epitome1 ( ! catalogue & classification4 ,:at a /ock book is want$ = is to answ] ! que/ions3 ,:5 did a giv5 book come2 :]e did x come f2 :at did x co/2 h[ _m books does ! libr>y possess2 :at are !y ab\t8 ,!re are s _m records :i* give o!r p>ticul>s1 t x seems a great wa/e ( "t to repeat a l>ge numb] ( ! p>ticul>s giv5 9 "s /ock books4 #bbg4 ,! )drawals book is ! necess>y complem5t ( ! /ock book1 & 9 x is ent]$ e book p]man5tly )drawn f ! libr>y = any reason4 ,! rul+ giv5 bel[ w %[ bett] ?an description its scope & /yle3 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,date ( ,accession,au?or4,brief ,title4,no4 (,class,rem>ks4 ,)drawal4 ,no4 ,vols4 ,no4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,fig4 #gb4--,)drawals ,book 7,section #bbg74 #bbh4 ,op9ion is divid$ ^u ! po9t1 b usually 9 ! enum]ation ( ! /ock ( a libr>y no di/9ction is made betwe5 a book & a pamphlet2 e numb] repres5ts a complete item1 & ! numb] ( pages or subject-matt] does n ent] into ! "q2 & = accession purposes a pamphlet is a book or "w1 :e!r x ext5ds to a hundr$ pages or consi/s ( b f\r4 ,! ,libr>y ,association1 h[ev]1 recomm5ds t 9 pres5t+ public /ati/ics ( /ocks1 z 9 annual reports1 !re %\ld be diff]5tiation1 & gives ! foll[+ def9itions3-- 8,volumes mean books z !y /& on ! %elves4 ,pieces mean sep>ate works or p>ts 7ea* usually hav+ a sep>ate title-page to itself1 z ) pamphlets1 p>ts ( p]iodicals1 & ! l72 ,pap]s mean less] items1 usually ) less ?an five pages1 z broadsides1 c>ds1 fly%eets & pr9ts2 ,items mean volumes1 pieces1 pap]s1 lant]n-slides1 & g5]ally all mat]ial con/itut+ ! libr>y /ock1 & issu$ to read]s2 ,works mean :ole lit]>y productions1 :e!r 9 sev]al volumes or only "o piece4 ,?us--t5 pamphlets b\nd toge!r1 ) five broadsides at end1 are "o volume1 t5 works or pieces1 fifte5 items4 ,a diction>y 9 tw5ty volumes w\ld c\nt z tw5ty volumes1 pieces1 & items1 b "o "w1 & 9 a s5se "o book4 ,hav+ reg>d to ^! def9itions1 c>e %\ld be tak5 9 record+ ! numb] ( volumes 9 a libr>y1 to reckon t5 pamphlets or p>ts z ! equival5t ( a s+le volume40 ,?us1 if ^! def9itions are us$1 x becomes necess>y to indicate 9 ! /ock book ! nature ( ! "w2 & to diff]5tiate1 "o or two symbols1 su* z p4pamphlet1 & pr4pap]1 may be us$2 b if 8p40 is writt5 9 ! 8,no4 ( vols40 column to di/+ui% a pamphlet1 t w meet all usual /ati/ical purposes4 #bbi4 ,,bibliography ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,accession+ ,books4 ,9 8 ,libr>y ,prim]1 #aiaj1 p4 #ha4 ,dewey1 ,melvil 7,ed474 ,libr>y ,s*ool ,rules1 #ahib4 ,hit*l]1 ,!resa4 ,accession ,record1 etc4 ,9 h] ,catalogu+ = ,small ,libr>ies1 #aiae4 ,a4,l4,a4 ,hopp]1 ,f4 ,f4 ,ord] & ,accession ,dep>tm5t4 ,9 ,a4,l4,a41 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ4 ,prepr9t ( *apt] xvii41 #aiaa4 ,ja/1 ,l4 ,s4 ,accessions3 ,! ,*eck+ ( ! ,processes1 #aiji4 ,roebuck & ,?orne4 ,prim] ( ,libr>y ,practice1 #aiad1 *apt]s ii4-iii4 ,say]s & ,/ew>t4 ,book ,selection & ,ord]+2 ,/ock ,regi/]4 ,9 _! ,! ,c>d ,catalogue1 p4 #ff4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,g #be-ch1 ,prep>ation ( ,books = ! ,public1 etc4 ,,division ,,vii ,,classification ,,& ,,%elf ,,arrangem5t ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,g5]al ,,pr9ciples #bcj4 ,!re is no m important factor 9 ! success or failure ( a libr>y ?an ! classification ( ! books & o!r mat]ial :i* =m its /ock4 ,"s ( its uses are obvi\s to all read]s2 x br+s ! mat]ial on any subject toge!r on ! %elves & 9 ! catalogues1 & ?us enables bo? libr>ian & read] to f9d books readily4 ,x has p]haps m important uses1 because x enables ! libr>ian1 &1 9 op5 access libr>ies1 ! public1 to see ! /r5g? & weakness ( ! collection 9 v>i\s subjects2 x1 !re=e1 is ! only safe & c]ta9 means by :i* a collection may be built up sy/ematically1 & may be increas$4 ,moreov]1 x reveals ! obsolete books m]ely by br++ !m into juxtaposition ) books :i* h sup]s$$ !m4 ,an imp]fectly classifi$1 or unclassifi$1 libr>y resembles *aos z ne>ly z any?+ c d1 & want ( classification r5d]s ! f9e/ collection ( books useless except to ^? :o already "k all !re is to be kn[n ( any subject 9 :i* !y may be int]e/$1 & :o c !re=e f9d ! books by o!r means4 ,9 %ort1 classification is ! prim>y key to ! assembl+1 f9d+1 select+ & reject+ ( books4 #bca4 ,x does ev5 m ?an ?is4 ,a p]fectly or logically con/ruct$ classification %[s n only all ! books on a specific subject2 x also %[s ! books :i* are collat]al1 or :i* lead up to & away f ! books on ! specific subject4 ,x w readily be se51 !re=e1 t ! art ( classification is "o t mu/ be und]/ood ?or\ghly by ! successful libr>ian4 ,sev]al text-books h be5 writt5 on ! subject1 & _m articles h appe>$ advocat+ & criticiz+ v>i\s sy/ems4 ,we c give "h only a few lead+ pr9ciples1 & aft]w>ds discuss ! f\r or five s*emes :i* h receiv$ mo/ g5]al recognition f libr>ians4 #bcb4 ,a classification sy/em is a s*$ule or *>t ( k arrang$ 9 "s logical ord] accord+ to a def9ite & inv>iable pr9ciple4 ,x may arrange k by ! hi/orical1 evolution>y or "s o!r & arbitr>y pr9ciple1 ! *oice ( :i* is gov]n$ by ! rule t ! ord] mu/ be t :i* is likely to be mo/ s]viceable to ! us]s ( ! sy/em4 ,special classifications1 su* z w\ld be necess>y = arrang+ a collection devot$ to an?ropology1 or botany1 or ar*ology1 naturally arrange books by ! pr9ciple t w mo/ cle>ly reveal _! place 9 ! progress ( ! subject requir$2 & su* classifications are m]ely m5tion$ 9 pass+4 ,g5]al classifications1 :i* are ! bus9ess ( ! av]age libr>ian1 usually proce$ 9 ! hi/orical or evolution>y ord] we h m5tion$4 ,_! s*$ules consi/ ( a numb] ( g5]al head+s1 call$ ma9 classes1 :i* are divid$ by gradual /eps 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciple employ$ until specific head+s are rea*$4 ,ea* ( ! head+s mu/ be exclusive ( subjects n fall+ into x4 ,9 ord] to make ?is s*$ule ( subjects practicable z a me?od ( book arrangem5t1 x mu/ be equipp$ ) special 8=m0 classes :i* accommodate g5]al works1 or works ( s composite a "* t !y d n fall into any ( ! subject-classes2 & :i* also accommodate su* aggregates ( lit]ature z poetry1 drama1 essays1 fiction1 etc41 :i* are arrang$ by ! =m 9 :i* ! matt] 9 !m is pres5t$1 & n by ! matt] itself4 ,fur!r1 x mu/ be equipp$ ) a notation1 or a %or?& sign = ea* ( ! subjects 9 ! s*$ule1 :i* may be writt5 on ! backs ( books & 9 catalogues in/ead ( ! names ( ! subjects4 ,&1 f9ally1 x mu/ h an index :i* =ms a ready key to ! tables ( ! s*$ule1 & is a conv5i5t means ( *eck+ ! plac+s ( books4 #bcc4 ,! !ory ( classification is a subject = special /udy1 & !re are rules ( ord]1 division1 nom5clature1 notation & index+ :i* x is useful = a libr>y /ud5t to ma/]4 ,z ! gr\nd has be5 cov]$ adequately by ! text-books :i* are li/$ at ! end ( ?is1 we %all d bett] to ref] ! read] to ^! r ?an to enl>ge ?is manual by attempt+ to trav]se x4 #bcd4 ,,bibliography ,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,libr>y ,classification & ,catalogu+4 #aiab4 ,grafton4 ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,classification4 ,9 8 ,libr>y ,prim]1 p4 #hd4 ,edw>ds1 ,edw>d4 ,memoirs ( ,libr>ies1 #ahei1 vol4 ii41 p4 #gfa4 ,graesel1 ,a4 ,classification4 ,9 8 ,biblio!kslehre4 #aijb4 ,ja/1 ,l4 ,s4 ,libr>y ,classification4 ,9 ,gre5wood's ,ye> ,book1 #aijj4 p4 #ba4 ,ri*>dson1 ,e4 ,c4 ,classification3 ,!oretical & ,practical4 #aija4 ,ed4 #b1 #aiab4 ,scribn]'s4 7,conta9s ! be/ bibliography47 ,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,b]wick4 ,introduction to ,libr>y ,classification4 #aiah4 ,grafton4 ---- ,canons ( ,classification4 #aiae4 ,grafton4 ---- ,%ort ,c\rse 9 ,bibliographical ,classification ) ref]5ce to ! ,decimal & ,subject ,sy/ems4 #aiac4 ,libr>y ,association4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons1 ,h #a-ajh1 ,classification4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,sy/ematic ,,classification ,,s*emes #bce4 ,g5]al4--,q a l>ge numb] ( classification s*emes h be5 devis$ by ,cont95tal1 ,am]ican & ,briti% libr>ians1 9 :i* books are sy/ematically arrang$ accord+ to relat$ topics1 & m>k$ ) a notation :i* enables any book or subject to be di/+ui%$ by its numb]1 = purposes ( %elv+1 *>g+ & catalogu+4 ,all ! be/ kn[n ( su* s*emes are describ$ 9 ,br[n's ,libr>y ,classification & ,catalogu+1 ,london1 #aiab1 & ,ri*>dson's ,classification1 #aiab4 ,x w be suffici5t to "n ! me?ods ( ,h>ris1 ,p]k9s & ,smi?1 ( ,am]ica2 ,edw>ds & ,sonn5s*e91 ( ,engl&2 ,bonazzi1 ( ,italy2 & ,h>twig1 ( ,g]many1 :i*1 ) ! well-kn[n ,fr5* s*eme ( ,brunet1 make up a v int]e/+ collection ( int]national contributions to ! classification ( books4 ,none ( ^! s*emes has be5 adopt$ 9 m ?an "o or two libr>ies1 s t _! influ5ce is n suffici5tly widespread to make any fur!r description ( _! details necess>y4 ,x w be mu* m helpful to libr>ians if ! *ief sy/ems ( classification are m5tion$ :i* fulfil e requirem5t z reg>ds notation & g5]al adaptability to libr>y "w1 & h be5 put to ! practical te/ ( application 9 a numb] ( libr>ies4 ,! sy/ems 9 "q are ! ,decimal1 ,expansive1 ,libr>y ( ,congress1 & ,subject1 ! la/ be+ ,engli% & ! ?ree o!rs ,am]ican4 ,!y h all be5 ext5sively adopt$1 & ea* exi/s z a sep>ate pr9t$ "w1 ) an index2 a vital "p ( any me?od ( classification4 ,unpr9t$ s*emes1 or ^? ( m]ely !oretical int]e/1 h little practical value1 & ?\gh e libr>ian has 8 own ideas ( classification1 & g5]ally manages to graft !m on to ! s*eme ( "s o!r p]son1 & ev5 to nibble away at 8 orig9al1 x is ! be/ & wise/ c\rse to adopt a complete1 pr9t$ & accessible s*eme ) z little modification z possible4 #bcf4 ,decimal ,classification4--,?is1 ! mo/ popul> & widely appli$ ( all libr>y s*emes1 0 inv5t$ by ,melvil ,dewey 9 #ahgc-gf1 & has be5 "u revision con/antly s9ce1 & is to-day 9 g5]al a v ext5sive & detail$ s*eme4 ,z indicat$ by its "n1 ! sy/em is divid$ into gr\ps ( t51 & f ?is results an admirable notation ( unlimit$ expansibility4 ,its *ief divisions are z foll[s3 #jjj ,,g5]al ,,works4 #jaj ,bibliography4 #jbj ,libr>y ,economy4 #jcj ,g5]al ,cyclopdias4 #jdj ,g5]al ,collections4 #jej ,g5]al ,p]iodicals4 #jfj ,g5]al ,societies4 #jgj ,newspap]s4 #jhj ,special ,libr>ies4 #jij ,book ,r>ities4 #ajj ,,philosophy4 #aaj ,metaphysics #abj ,metaphysics3 ,special ,topics4 #acj ,m9d & ,body4 #adj ,philosophical ,sy/ems4 #aej ,m5tal ,faculties1 ,psy*ology4 #afj ,logic4 #agj ,e?ics4 #ahj ,anci5t ,philosoph]s4 #aij ,mod]n ,philosoph]s4 #bjj ,,religion4 #baj ,natural ,!ology4 #bbj ,bible4 #bcj ,doctr9al ,!ology4 #bdj ,devotional & ,practical4 #cej ,homiletic1 ,pa/oral1 etc4 #bfj ,*ur* ,in/itutions4 #bgj ,religi\s ,hi/ory4 #bhj ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es & ,sects4 #bij ,non-,*ri/ian ,religions4 #cjj ,,sociology4 #caj ,/ati/ics4 #cbj ,political ,sci5ce4 #ccj ,political ,economy4 #cdj ,law4 #cej ,adm9i/ration4 #cfj ,associations4 #cgj ,education4 #chj ,comm]ce1 etc4 #cij ,cu/oms1 ,co/umes1 ,folklore4 #djj ,,philology4 #daj ,comp>ative4 #dbj ,engli%4 #dcj ,g]man4 #ddj ,fr5*4 #dej ,italian4 #dfj ,spani%4 #dgj ,lat94 #dhj ,greek4 #dij ,m9or ,languages4 #ejj ,,natural ,,sci5ce4 #eaj ,ma!matics4 #ebj ,a/ronomy4 #ecj ,physics4 #edj ,*emi/ry #eej ,geology4 #efj ,palontology4 #egj ,biology4 #ehj ,botany4 #eij ,zoology4 #fjj ,,useful ,,arts4 #faj ,m$ic9e4 #fbj ,eng9e]+4 #fcj ,agriculture4 #fdj ,dome/ic ,economy4 #fej ,communications4 #ffj ,*emical ,te*nology4 #fgj ,manufactures4 #fhj ,me*anic ,trades4 #fij ,build+4 #gjj ,,f9e ,,arts4 #gaj ,l&scape ,g>d5+4 #gbj ,ar*itecture4 #gcj ,sculpture4 #gdj ,draw+1 ,decoration4 #gej ,pa9t+4 #gfj ,engrav+4 #ggj ,photography4 #ghj ,music4 #gij ,amusem5ts4 #hjj ,,lit]ature4 #haj ,am]ican4 #hbj ,engli%4 #hcj ,g]man4 #hdj ,fr5*4 #hej ,italian4 #hfj ,spani%4 #hgj ,lat94 #hhj ,greek4 #hij ,m9or ,languages4 #ijj ,,hi/ory4 #iaj ,geography & ,description4 #ibj ,biography4 #icj ,anci5t ,hi/ory4 #idj ,europe4 #iej ,asia4 #ifj ,africa4 #igj ,n4 ,am]ica4 ,mod]n4 #ihj ,s4 ,am]ica4 #iij ,oceanica & ,pol> ,regions4 ,?is s*eme is publi%$ sep>ately z ,tables & ,index ( ! ,decimal ,classification & relative ,index = arrang+ & catalogu+ ,libr>ies1 ,clipp+s1 ,notes1 etc41 by ,melvil ,dewey1 ,bo/on1 & has be5 l>gely exp&$1 ) an elaborate additional app>atus ( =m & relation m>ks1 by ! ,in/itut ,int]national de ,bibliographie1 ,brussels4 #bcg4 ,expansive ,classification4--,?is sy/em 0 devis$ by ,*>les ,amni ,cutt]1 a well-kn[n ,am]ican libr>ian1 & au?or ( ! code ( ,rules = a ,diction>y ,catalogue1 :i* has be5 a text-book = _m ye>s4 ,! ,expansive ,classification has n be5 adopt$ to any ext5t 9 ,brita91 b is pr9t$ 9 a s]ies ( sev5 classifications ( progressive fullness1 & completely index$1 & s becomes "o ( ! me?ods to be /udi$4 ,an outl9e ( ! s*eme foll[s3 ,a ,g5]alia ,a ,g5]al works ,ae ,g5]al encyclopdias ,ap ,g5]al p]iodicals ,ar ,ref]5ce works ,z ,g5]al societies ,b-,d ,spiritual sci5ces ,b ,philosophy ,ba-,bf ,national philosophies & ,sy/ems ( philosophy ,bg ,metaphysics ,bh ,logic ,bi ,psy*ology ,bm ,moral philosophy ,br ,religion1 ,natural !ology ,bt ,religions ,bu ,folk-lore ,ca ,judaism ,cb ,bible ,cc ,*ri/ianity ,cce ,patri/ics ,ce ,apologetics1 ,evid5ces ,cf ,doctr9al !ology ,ck ,e?ical !ology ,cp ,ritual !ology & ,*ur* polity ,cx ,pa/oral !ology ,cz ,s]mons ,d ,ecclesia/ical hi/ory ,dk ,p>ticul> *ur*es & sects ,e-,g ,hi/orical sci5ces ,e ,biography & ,portraits ,f-,fz ,hi/ory ,f ,univ]sal hi/ory ,f#jb ,anci5t hi/ory ,f#jc ,mod]n hi/ory ,f#jd ,m$ival hi/ory ,f#aa-;,f#ii ,hi/ory ( s+le c\ntries 7us+ local li/7 ,fa-,fw ,alli$ /udies1 z ,*ronology1 ,philosophy ( hi/ory1 ,hi/ory ( civilization1 ,antiquities1 ,numismatics1 ,*ivalry1 ,h]aldry ,g ,geography1 ,travels ,g#aa-;,g#ii ,s+le c\ntries 7us+ local li/7 ,ga ,anci5t geography ,gf ,survey+ & ,map-mak+ ,gz ,maps ,h-,k ,social sci5ces ,hb ,/ati/ics ,hc ,economics ,he ,production ,hf ,lab\r ,hi ,slav]y ,hj ,transportation ,hk ,di/ribution1 ,comm]ce ,hm ,money ,hn ,bank+ ,hr ,private f9ance ,ht ,taxation & ,public f9ance ,hu ,t>iff ,hw ,prop]ty1 ,capital ,hz ,consumption ,i ,demotics1 ,sociology ,ic ,crime ,ig ,*>ity ,ih ,provid5ce ,ik ,education ,j ,civics1 ,gov]nm5t1 ,political sci5ce ,ju ,con/itutions & ,politics ,k ,legislation & ,law ,kd ,public ,docum5ts ,l-,q ,natural sci5ces ,l ,g5]al works1 ,metrics ,lb-,lg ,numb] & space ,lb ,ma!matics ,lh-,lr ,matt] & =ce ,lh ,physics ,lo ,*emi/ry ,lr ,a/ronomy ,m-,q ,matt] & life ,m ,natural hi/ory ,mg ,geology1 incl4 ,m9]alogy1 ,cry/allography1 ,physical geography1 ,meteorology1 ,palontology ,my ,biology ,n ,botany ,cryptogams ,phan]ogams ,o ,zoology ,inv]tebrates ,p ,v]tebrates ,pg ,mammals ,pw ,an?ropology1 ,e?nology1 ,e?nography ,q ,m$ic9e ,r-,z ,arts ,r ,g5]al works1 ,exhibitions1 ,pat5ts ,rd-,rg ,extractive arts ,rd ,m9+ ,re ,metallurgy ,rf ,agriculture ,rh ,horticulture ,ri ,silviculture ,rj ,animaliculture ,rq ,*emic arts ,rt ,electric arts ,ry ,dome/ic arts ,rz ,food & ,cook]y ,s ,con/ructive arts1 ,eng9e]+ ,sg ,build+ ,sj ,sanit>y eng9e]+ ,sl ,hydraulic eng9e]+ ,/ ,transportation & ,communication ,t ,fabricative arts1 ,ma*9]y1 ,manufactur+ & ,h&icrafts ,u ,protective arts1 i4e4 ,milit>y & ,naval ,arts1 ,life- pres]v+1 ,fire-fight+ ,v ,a?letic & ,recreative arts1 ,sports & ,games ,vs ,gymna/ics ,vt ,!atre ,vv ,music ,w ,f9e arts1 pla/ic & graphic ,we ,l&scape g>d5+ ,wf ,ar*itecture ,wk ,ca/+1 ,bak+1 ,fir+ ,wm ,draw+ ,wp ,pa9t+ ,wq ,engrav+ ,wr ,photography ,ws ,decorative arts1 includ+ ,co/ume ,x-,yf ,communicative arts 7by language7 ,x ,philology ,x ,inscriptions ,x ,language ,y ,lit]ature ,yf ,engli% ,fiction ,z ,book arts 7mak+ & use ( books7 ,za-,zk ,production ,za ,au?or%ip ,zb ,rhetoric ,zd ,writ+ ,zh ,pr9t+ ,zk ,b9d+ ,zl ,di/ribution 7,publi%+ & ,booksell+7 ,zp ,/orage & ,use 7,libr>ies7 ,zu ,description 7,zu ,bibliography2 ,zx ,selection ( read+2 ,zy ,lit]>y hi/ory2 ,zz ,national bibliography7 ,?is s*eme is publi%$ sep>ately z ,expansive ,classification3 ! fir/ six ,expansions1 by ,c4 ,a4 ,cutt]1 ,bo/on1 #ahia1 etc41 & a sev5? expansion ( ! "w is be+ issu$ "u ! sup]vision ( ,w4 ,p4 ,cutt]1 nephew ( ! au?or1 b no p>ts h be5 publi%$ = sev]al ye>s4 #bch4 ,libr>y ( ,congress4--,?is is ! elaborate & detail$ s*eme appli$ to ! great ,libr>y ( ,congress1 & is ! "w ( its classification dep>tm5t4 ,its outl9e 7#aiji7 is bas$ ^u t ( ! ,expansive s*eme ( ,cutt] :i* is %[n above1 b is v>i$ to meet :at are ?\ght to be ! special ne$s ( ! ,am]ican national libr>y4 ,ea* ( ! classes has be5 publi%$ sep>ately 9 conv5i5t =m ) an index4 ,! ma9 classes & divisions ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress ,classification are z foll[s3 ,a ,g5]al ,works4 ,polygraphy ,,ac ,collections4 ,s]ies4 ,collect$ ,works ,,ae ,encyclopdias ,,ag ,g5]al ref]5ce works 7o!r ?an encyclopdias7 ,,ai ,indexes ,,am ,museums ,,an ,newspap]s ,,ap ,p]iodicals ,,z ,societies4 ,academies ,,ay ,ye>-books4 ,almanacs ,,az ,g5]al hi/ory ( k & le>n+ ,b ,philosophy4 ,religion ,b-,j ,philosophy ,b ,collections4 ,hi/ory4 ,sy/ems ,,bc ,logic ,,bd ,metaphysics ,introductions to ,philosophy4 ,treatises ,epi/emology4 ,!ory ( k ,onotology ,cosmology4 ,teleology ,philosophy ( religion ,,bf ,psy*ology ,,bh ,e/hetics ,,bj ,e?ics ,,bl-,,bv ,religion4 ,!ology ,,bl ,religions4 ,my?ology4 ,cults ,,bm ,!ology4 ,g5]alities ,,bn ,hi/orical 7,*ur* hi/ory7 ,,bq ,exegetical 7,bible1 etc47 ,,bs ,sy/ematic 7,dogmatics4 ,apologetics7 ,,bv ,practical 7,pa/oral4 ,homiletics4 ,liturgies7 ,c ,hi/ory--,auxili>y sci5ces ,,ca ,philosophy ( hi/ory ,,cb ,hi/ory ( civilization 7g5]al & g5]al special only7 ,,cc ,antiquities4 ,g5]al ,,cd ,ar*ives4 ,diplomatics ,,ce ,*ronology ,,cj ,numismatics ,,cn ,epigraphy4 ,inscriptions ,,ce ,h]aldry ,,cs ,g5ealogy ,,ct ,biography ,d ,hi/ory & ,topography 7except ,am]ica7 ,d ,g5]al hi/ory ,,da ,briti% hi/ory #bj-fij ,engl& #gjj-gdi ,wales #gej-hij ,scotl& #ijj-iie ,irel& ,,db ,au/ria-,hung>y ,,dc ,france ,,dd ,g]many ,,de ,classical antiquity ,,df ,greece ,,dg ,italy ,,dh-,,dj ,ne!rl&s #a-cii ,belgium & ,holl& #ija-iba ,belgium #ija-iaf ,luxemburg4 ,holl& ,,dk ,russia #ajj-djj ,russia4 ,g5]al4 #dja-dch ,pol& #dea-dgj ,f9l& #gea-iii ,russia 9 ,asia ,,dl ,sc&9avia #a- #ha ,sc&9avia4 ,g5]al #aja-bif ,d5m>k #cja-cih ,icel& #dja-eie ,norway #fja-iif ,sw$5 ,,dp ,spa9 & ,portugal #a-dfb ,spa9 #ejj-ijb ,portugal ,,dq ,switz]l& ,,dr ,turkey & ! ,balkan ,/ates ,,ds ,asia ,,dt ,africa ,,du ,au/ralia & ,oceania ,e-,f ,am]ica ,e ,am]ica 7g5]al7 & ,unit$ ,/ates 7g5]al7 ,f ,unit$ ,/ates 7local7 & ,am]ica outside ( ,u4,s4 ,g ,geography4 ,an?ropology ,g ,geography4 ,voyages4 ,travel 7g5]al7 ,,ga ,ma!matical & a/ronomical geography ,,gb ,physical geography ,,gc ,oceanology & oceanography ,,gd ,biography ,,gf ,an?ropogeography ,,gn ,an?ropology4 ,somatology4 ,e?nology4 ,e?nography1 7g5]al74 ,prehi/oric ar*ology ,,gr ,folk-lore ,,gt ,culture & civilization4 ,mann]s & cu/oms ,,gv ,sports & amusem5ts4 ,games ,h ,social ,sci5ces4 ,g5]al ,,ha ,/ati/ics ,,hb ,economics1 ,!ory ,economic hi/ory4 ,national production1 economic situation 7by c\ntries7 ,,hd ,economic hi/ory4 ,organization & situation ( agriculture & indu/ries ,l&4 ,agriculture ,corporations ,lab\r ,indu/ries ,,he ,transportation & communication ,,hf ,comm]ce1 includ+ t>iff ,,hg ,f9ance ,money ,bank+ ,insurance ,,hj ,public f9ance ,,hm ,sociology4 ,g5]al & !oretical ,,hn ,social hi/ory4 ,social re=m ,social gr\ps ,family1 m>riage1 wom5 ,associations1 secret societies1 clubs1 etc4 ,communities3 ,urban1 ,rural ,classes4 ,ari/ocracy1 ?ird e/ate1 b\rgeoisie1 peasantry1 lab\r+ classes1 prolet>iate1 s]fs ,nations4 ,races ,,hv ,social pa?ology4 ,philan?ropy4 ,*>ities & corrections ,,hx ,socialism4 ,communism4 ,an>*ism ,j ,political sci5ce4 ,docum5ts #a-i ,(ficial gazettes #aj-ii ,unit$ ,/ates #ajj-iii ,o!r c\ntries4 ,,ja ,g5]al works ,,jc ,!ory ( /ate ,,jf ,con/itutional hi/ory & adm9i/ration4 ,g5]al ,,jk ,unit$ ,/ates ,,jl ,o!r ,am]ican ,/ates ,,jn ,europe ,,jq ,asia1 ,africa1 ,au/ralia1 & ,pacific ,isl&s ,,js ,local ,gov]nm5t ,,jv ,colonies & colonization4 ,emigration & immigration ,,jx ,int]national law ,k ,law ,l ,education4 ,g5]al works ,,la ,hi/ory ( education ,,lb ,!ory & practice4 ,educational psy*ology4 ,tea*+ ,,lc ,special =ms1 relations1 & applications ,,ld ,univ]sities & colleges ,,le ,o!r ,am]ican ,,lf ,europe ,,lg ,asia1 ,africa1 ,oceania ,,lh ,univ]sity1 college1 & s*ool magaz9es1 etc4 ,,lj ,college frat]nities & _! publications ,,lt ,text-books 7g5]al only2 special text-books g ) _! subjects1 ,b-,z7 ,m ,music ,,ml ,musical lit]ature ,,mt ,!ory ,n ,f9e ,arts4 ,g5]al ,,na ,ar*itecture ,,nb ,sculpture & relat$ arts ,,nc ,graphic arts 9 g5]al4 ,draw+ & design ,,nd ,pa9t+ ,,ne ,engrav+ ,,nf ,photography 79 art74 ,see ,,tr ,,nk ,art appli$ to indu/ry4 ,decoration & ornam5t ,p ,language & ,lit]ature ,philology & ,l+ui/ics ,,pa ,classical philology #a-aii ,g5]al #bja-hia ,greek languages #ajja-aaea ,m$ival & mod]n #bjja-bhii ,lat9 language ,,pb ,mod]n ,european languages4 ,g5]al works ,celtic language ,romance languages ,teutonic languages ,g5]al ,go?ic ,sc&9avian ,,pe ,engli% ,,pf ,frisian ,dut* ,g]man ,,pg ,slavic languages ,li?uanian ,letti% ,,ph ,f9ni% ,hung>ian ,albanian ,basque ,,pj ,ori5tal languages4 ,g5]al works ,hamitic ,semitic ,,pk ,indo-,iranian ,arm5ian ,caucasian ,,pl ,languages ( ,ea/]n ,asia1 ,oceania1 ,africa ,,pm ,hyp]borean languages ,am]ican languages ,,pn-,,pv ,lit]>y ,hi/ory4 ,lit]ature ,,pz ,fiction ,q ,sci5ce4 ,g5]al ,,qa ,ma!matics #hja-iii ,analytic me*anics ,,qb ,a/ronomy #bha-cdi ,geodesy ,,qc ,physics #ha-aai ,weights & measures #hja-iii ,t]re/rial magnetism & meteorology ,,qd ,*emi/ry #ija-iii ,cry/allography ,,qe ,geology cf4 ,,bg1 ,,gc #cea-dii ,m9]alogy & petrology #gja-iii ,palontology ,,qh ,natural hi/ory #bja-bii ,microscopy #cja-iii ,g5]al biology ,,qk ,botany ,,ql ,zoology #hja-iii ,g5]al anatomy & embryology ,,qm ,human anatomy ,,qp ,physiology ,,qr ,bact]iology ,r ,m$ic9e4 ,g5]al ,,ra ,/ate m$ic9e4 ,docum5ts ,public heal? ,m$ical climatology4 ,hospitals ,jurisprud5ce ,,rb ,pa?ology ,,rc ,practice ( m$ic9e ,,rd ,surg]y ,,re ,oph?almology ,,rf ,otology4 ,phr5ology4 ,l>yngology ,,rg ,gynecology & ob/etrics ,,rj ,p$iatrics ,,rk ,d5ti/ry ,,rl ,d]matology ,,rm ,!rapeutics ,,rs ,ph>macy & mat]ia m$ica ,,rt ,nurs+ ,,rv ,botanic1 ,?omsonian & ,eclectic m$ic9e ,,rz ,miscellane\s s*ools & arts ,s ,agriculture4 ,plant & ,animal ,indu/ry ,g5]al agriculture1 soils1 f]tiliz]s1 f>m implem5ts1 etc4 ,,sb ,g5]al plant culture1 includ+ field crops4 ,horticulture4 ,l&scape g>d5+ & p>ks4 ,pe/s & diseases ,,sd ,=e/ry ,,sf ,animal husb&ry4 ,vet]9>y m$ic9e ,fi% culture & fi%]ies4 ,angl+ ,,sk ,hunt+4 ,game protection ,t ,te*nology4 ,g5]al ,,ta-,,? ,build+ & ,eng9e]+ ,gr\p ,,ta ,eng9e]+4 ,g5]al4 ,civil eng9e]+ ,,tc ,hydraulic eng9e]+ 7h>b\rs1 riv]s1 canals7 ,,td ,sanit>y & municipal eng9e]+ ,,te ,roads & pavem5ts ,,tf ,railroads ,,tg ,bridges & ro(s ,,? ,build+ con/ruction #iaaa-ifjj ,fire prev5tion1 fire ext9ction ,,tj-,,tl ,me*anical ,gr\p ,,tj ,me*anical eng9e]+ ,,tk ,electric eng9e]+ & indu/ries ,,tl ,motor vehicles4 ,cycles4 ,a]onautics ,,tn-,,tr ,*emical ,gr\p ,,tn ,m9]al indu/ries ,,tp ,*emical te*nology ,,tr ,photography ,,ts-,,tx ,composite ,gr\p ,,ts ,manufactures ,,tt ,trades ,,tx ,dome/ic sci5ce ,u ,milit>y ,sci5ce4 ,g5]al ,,ua ,armies4 ,organization & di/ribution ,,ub ,adm9i/ration ,,uc ,ma9t5ance & transportation ,,ud ,infantry ,,ue ,cavalry ,,uf ,artill]y ,,ug ,milit>y eng9e]+ ,,uh ,m9or s]vices ,v ,naval ,sci5ce4 ,g5]al ,,va ,navies4 ,organization & di/ribution ,,vb ,adm9i/ration ,,vc ,ma9t5ance ,,vd ,seam5 ,,ve ,m>9es ,,vf ,ordnance ,,vg ,m9or s]vices ,,vk ,navigation ,,vm ,%ipbuild+ & m>9e eng9e]+ ,z ,bibliography & ,libr>y ,sci5ce #bci4 ,subject ,classification4--,?is1 ! mo/ rec5t ,briti% s*eme1 is ! "w ( ! au?or ( ?is manual1 ,james ,duff ,br[n2 is a complete1 homog5e\s1 detail$ & well-index$ s*eme1 & is select$ = notice z be+ g5]ally applicable to ,briti% libr>ies ( all k9ds1 al?\gh x is n likely to ou/ ! ,decimal s*eme f its priority ( place4 ,x is bas$ on ! pr9ciple ( plac+ all topics 9 a logical sequ5ce2 ( keep+ applications ( !ory z close z possible to ! f\ndation !ory2 & ( provid+ "o place only = ea* important topic4 ,! complications & int]sections ( human k prev5t any?+ m ?an an approximation to ?is ideal1 b x has be5 f\nd 9 actual practice to be a classification s*eme :i* works easily & h>moni\sly4 ,! foll[+ extracts f its valuable introduction w give ! be/ view ( ! pr9ciples on :i* ! sy/em is bas$3 8,,! ,,ord] ,,( ,,! ,,ma9 ,,classes4--,! reasons :i* det]m9$ ! adoption ( a c]ta9 sequ5ce ( classes 9 ?is sy/em may be briefly set =? "h1 in/ead ( any argum5t or attempt to ju/ify ! ord]4 ,! battle :i* has rag$1 & is /ill rag+1 among sci5ti/s1 z to ! be/ & mo/ desirable ord] 9 :i* to arrange ! great bran*es ( human k 9 ord] to produce a #8hi]>*y1' mu/ det] a non-sci5tific classifi] f argu+ on su* a complicat$ & difficult topic4 ,x w1 !re=e1 suffice if ,i briefly describe ! ma9 classes 9 _! ord] & give reasons :y !y 7 assign$ to ! places !y occupy4 8,a ,,g5]alia4--,! divisions ( ?is ma9 class comprise mo/ ( ! rules1 me?ods & factors :i* are ( g5]al application1 & :i* qualify or p]vade e bran* ( sci5ce1 indu/ry or human /udy4 ,!y are univ]sal & p]vasive1 & _c be logically assign$ to any o!r s+le ma9 class z peculi> or g]mane to x4 8,b1 ,c1 ,d ,,physical ,,sci5ces4--,matt]1 =ce1 motion & _! applications are assum$ to prec$e life & m9d1 & = t reason ! mat]ial side ( sci5ce1 ) its applications1 has be5 select$ z a f\ndation ma9 class on :i* to con/ruct ! sy/em4 8,e1 ,f ,,biological ,,sci5ce4--,life & its =ms1 aris+ out ( matt]1 occupy ! second place among ! ma9 classes1 & "h are put g5]al biological !ories & facts1 foll[$ by plant & animal life1 ea* 9 an asc5d+ ord] f l[ to high =ms ( organization4 8,g1 ,h ,,e?nological ,,& ,,m$ical ,,sci5ce4--,human life1 its v>ieties1 physical hi/ory1 disord]s & recreations1 foll[s naturally z a high] developm5t ( plant & animal life1 & completes ! biological *a94 8,i ,,economic ,,biology ,,& ,,dome/ic ,,arts4--,! applications ( plant & animal life to human ne$s1 plac$ midway betwe5 ! physical & m5tal attributes ( man z indicat+ ! primitive ex]cise ( m9d1 & to assemble 9 "o sequ5ce ! *ief biological subjects4 ,z a matt] ( practical conv5i5ce1 r ?an logical necessity1 x 0 ?\ght bett] to keep composite subjects l ,agriculture1 ,clo?+1 ,foods1 etc4--involv+ que/ions ( orig91 use & manufacture--all 9 "o place1 close to ! ma9 classes f :i* !y are d]iv$1 r ?an to di/ribute !m m closely at ,botany or ,zoology4 8,j1 ,k ,,philosophy ,,& ,,religion4--,m5tal attributes1 ord] & beliefs ( human life1 foll[+ naturally f its physical basis1 & primitive manife/ation 9 ! in/9ct ( procur+ food & clo?+4 8,l ,,social ,,& ,,political ,,sci5ce4--,social ord] & laws ( human life4 ,plac$ "h because1 al?\gh society or family & o!r tribal organizations may h prec$$ religion1 m9d z embodi$ 9 philosophy mu/ h prec$$ bo?4 8,m ,,language ,,& ,,lit]ature4--,communication & record+ 9 human life4 ,! spok51 writt5 & pr9t$ ^w1 :i* grew z a necessity out ( ! primitive op]ations ( m9d4 8,n ,,lit]>y ,,=ms4--,! products ( communication & record+ 9 human life 9 _! m imag9ative =ms2 plac$ "h on ! gr\nd t fable probably prec$$ m =mal hi/ory4 8,o-,x ,,hi/ory1 ,,geography1 ,,biography4--,! actions1 records & descriptions ( human life & its dwell+-place4 ,arrang$ 9 ?is ord] & at ?is place because ( _! intimate connexion4 ,geography1 al?\gh logically relat$ to ,physiography & ,biography to ,e?nology1 are1 nev]!less1 z a matt] ( practical utility1 & because ( ! lit]ature actually exi/+1 m naturally gr\p$ "h ?an sep>at$4 8,! ord] ( ! classes may1 !re=e1 be briefly describ$ z express+3 #a4 ,matt]4 #b4 ,life4 #c4 ,m9d4 #d4 ,record40#h #h ,f ,subject ,classification1 by ,james ,duff ,br[n1 #aijf1 pp4 #aa-ac2 second edition1 #aiad4 ,! only s]i\s objection :i* has be5 urg$ aga9/ ?is s*eme is ! inclusion ( ,education1 ,logic1 ,ma!matics1 & ! ,graphic & ,pla/ic ,arts 9 ,g5]alia4 ,?is c\rse is1 h[ev]1 fully ju/ifi$ by ! some:at amus+ circum/ance1 t ! critics are unable to agree among !mselves z to ! exact logical place ( any ( ! s]ies4 ,:ile "o insi/s t ,logic %\ld be plac$ 9 ,philosophy1 he is b\nd to admit t x ought n to be sep>at$ f ,ma!matics1 :ile on ! o!r h& he _c all[ ari?metic1 book-keep+ & geometry to invade ! sacr$ temple ( ! philosoph]s4 ,education is ev5 a great] /umbl+-block4 ,x is v>i\sly assign$ to ,psy*ology1 ,sociology1 ,philology & ,e?nology by diff]5t critics1 & ,f9e ,arts is equally p]plex+4 ,9 actual practice 9 a libr>y1 !re is really no inconv5i5ce felt 9 connexion ) ! di/ribution ( any ( ^! classes1 & z !y d n orig9ate naturally f any ( ! o!r ma9 divisions1 b qualify & p]vade ! :ole ( !m l an encyclopdia1 or o!r g5]al "w1 x w be f\nd be/ to reta9 !m :]e !y are4 ,! o!r important features ( ?is sy/em are describ$ bel[4 ,,! ,,categorical ,,tables =m an important feature1 :]eby a sep>ate s]ies ( =ms1 phases & o!r qualify+ factors are provid$1 :i* c be appli$ to e subject1 & s relieve ! ma9 tables f conge/ion4 ,!y are applicable to ! v l>ge/ libr>ies1 & give ample means ( subdivid+ any topic1 h[ev] l>ge x may be4 ,!y c also be us$ ) o!r sy/ems ( classification1 z !y are indep5d5t ( ! ma9 tables & =m a s]ies ( p>allel numb]s by :i* ! classification numb]s c be !mselves classifi$4 ,= example1 a libr>y may h #ajjj books on a subject l ,ar*itecture 9 g5]al1 to all ( :i* ! simple numb] ,b#cjj w\ld be appli$4 ,by add+ ! qualify+ numb]s f ! ,categorical ,tables1 :i* appe> aft] a po9t1 & are inv>iably ! same :5 appli$ to any subject1 ! foll[+ sub-classification w\ld result1 :i* has ! effect ( assembl+ all relat$ =ms ( books toge!r3 ,b#cjj ,ar*itecture1 ,g5]al ,b#cjja -- ,bibliography ,b#cjjb -- ,diction>ies ,b#cjjc -- ,text-books1 ,sy/ematic ,b#cjjd -- -- ,popul> ,b#cjjf -- ,societies ,b#cjjg -- ,p]iodicals ,b#cjjaj -- ,hi/ory & s on4 ,if1 9 addition to ^? g5]al works1 ! libr>y possess$ sev]al hundr$s ( books on ,build+ ,con/ruction1 ,b#cje1 ^! w\ld be subdivid$ 9 exactly ! same mann]1 z w\ld also any subdivision ( ! same topic1 su* z ,f\ndations1 ,walls1 ,ro(s1 etc43 ,b#cjea ,build+ ,con/ruction1 ,bibliography ,b#cjec -- -- ,text-books1 ,sy/ematic ,b#cjeaj -- -- ,hi/ory ,b#cbia ,ro(s1 ,bibliography ,^! categorical tables are !re=e ( univ]sal application1 & z !y conta9 ne>ly "o ?\s& qualify+ =ms1 phases1 etc41 x w be se5 t _! use w greatly simplify ! practical "w ( classification4 ,z w be se5 by ! above examples1 ! symbols ( ! ,notation are p]fectly simple comb9ations ( lett]s & numb]s4 ,by treat+ ! numb]s decimally1 x is possible to int]calate z _m new ones z desir$ betwe5 any ( ! exi/+ numb]s1 ?us provid+ an inf9ity ( places4 ,! ,index is v ext5sive 9 ! numb] ( subject-words x conta9s1 & comprises practically e topic likely to be enc\nt]$ 9 ord9>y practice4 ,! ,classification ,tables !mselves provide places some:]e = e remote subject1 & ! ,introduction describes h[ su* out-(-!-way matt]s are to be treat$4 ,x is impossible to set =? all ! features ( ?is sy/em ( classification--its elaborate s]ies ( biographical numb]s = arrang+ ,fiction1 ,poetry & o!r alphabetical classes2 its new sy/em ( %ort date-m>ks2 its rules = ! arrangem5t ( special subjects1 au?ors1 etc42 & its notes on ! simplification ( ! :ole subject ( book classification4 ,ref]5ce c only be made to ! ,summ>y ,table ( ,ma9 ,classes = an idea ( ! size & /yle ( ! book4 ,,summ>y ,,table ,,( ,,ma9 ,,classes1 ,,) ,,abridg$ ,,notation ,ma9 ,classes ,a--,g5]alia ,b-,d--,physical ,sci5ce ,e-,f--,biological ,sci5ce ,g-,h--,e?nology1 ,m$ic9e ,i--,economic ,biology1 ,dome/ic ,arts ,j-,k--,philosophy & ,religion ,l--,social & ,political ,sci5ce ,m--,language & ,lit]ature ,n--,lit]>y ,=ms1 ,fiction1 ,poetry ,o-,w--,hi/ory & ,geography ,x--,biography ,a ,g5]alia ,a#j ,g5]alia ,a#a ,education ,a#c ,logic ,a#d ,ma!matics ,a#e ,geometry ,a#f ,graphic & ,pla/ic ,arts ,a#i ,g5]al ,sci5ce ,b1 ,c1 ,d ,physical ,sci5ce ,b#j ,physics1 ,dynamics ,b#a ,me*anical eng9e]+ ,b#b ,civil eng9e]+ ,b#c ,ar*itecture ,b#e ,railways1 ,vehicles ,b#f ,transport1 ,%ipbuild+ ,b#h ,naval & ,milit>y sci5ce ,c#j ,electricity ,c#a ,optics ,c#b ,heat ,c#c ,ac\/ics ,c#d ,music ,c#h ,a/ronomy ,d#j ,physiography ,d#a ,hydrography1 ,hydro/atics ,d#b ,meteorology1 ,pneumatics ,d#c ,geology1 ,petrology ,d#d ,cry/allography1 ,m9]alogy ,d#f ,metallurgy1 ,m9+1 ,metal trades ,d#g ,*emi/ry ,d#i ,*emical te*nology ,e1 ,f ,biological ,sci5ce ,e#j ,biology ,e#a ,botany ,e#b ,cryptogams ,e#c ,phan]ogams ,f#j ,zoology ,f#a ,metazoa ,f#b ,mollusca ,f#c ,insecta ,f#d ,pisces 7,fi%es7 ,f#e ,reptilia ,f#f ,aves 7,birds7 ,f#g ,mammalia ,g1 ,h ,e?nology & ,m$ic9e ,g#j ,e?nology ,g#b ,human ,anatomy & ,physiology ,g#c ,pa?ology ,g#d ,mat]ia m$ica ,g#e ,!rapeutics ,g#f ,functions1 ,organs1 ,o/eology ,g#g ,n]v\s sy/em ,g#h ,s5sory sy/em ,g#i ,respiratory sy/em ,h#j ,blood & ,circulation ,h#a ,dige/ive sy/em ,h#b ,ur9>y sy/em ,h#c ,reproductive sy/em ,h#d ,sk9 & ,hair ,h#e ,p>asitical & ,infecti\s diseases ,h#f ,ambulance1 ,hospitals1 ,hygi5e ,h#g ,physical ,tra9+ & ,ex]cises ,h#h ,field sports ,h#i ,recreative arts ,i ,economic ,biology1 ,dome/ic ,arts ,i#j ,agriculture1 ,dairy f>m+ ,i#a ,vet]9>y m$ic9e ,i#b ,mill+1 ,g>d5+1 ,=e/ry ,i#c ,wood-work+ ,i#d ,textile manufactures ,i#e ,clo?+ trades ,i#f ,co/ume4 ,jewell]y ,i#g ,vegetable & ,animal products ,i#h ,foods & ,bev]ages ,i#i ,ga/ronomy4 ,dome/ic economy ,j1 ,k ,philosophy & ,religion ,j#j ,metaphysics ,j#a /hetics1 ,psy*ology ,j#b ,e?ics ,j#c ,philosophy ,j#d ,!ology1 ,religion1 g5]al ,j#e ,my?ology1 ,folk-lore ,j#f ,*ur* doctr9es ,j#g ,fa/s & ,fe/ivals ,j#h ,*ur* ,gov]nm5t ,k#j ,non-,*ri/ian *ur*es ,k#a ,bible ,k#c ,*ri/ology ,k#d ,e>ly & ,ea/]n ,*ri/ian *ur*es ,k#e ,mona*ism ,k#f ,roman ,ca?olicism ,k#g ,prote/antism4 ,episcopacy ,k#h ,noncon=mi/ *ur*es ,k#i ,presbyt]ian & o!r *ur*es ,l ,social & ,political ,sci5ce ,l#j ,social sci5ce ,l#a ,political economy ,l#b ,gov]nm5t ,l#c ,c5tral & ,local adm9i/ration ,l#d ,law ,l#e ,trials4 ,actions ,l#f ,crim9ology4 ,p5ology ,l#g ,contracts4 ,prop]ty ,l#h ,comm]ce & ,trade ,l#i ,f9ance ,m ,language & ,lit]ature ,m#j ,language1 g5]al ,m#a ,lit]ature1 g5]al ,m#b ,african ,languages & ,lit]ature ,m#b-c ,asiatic ,languages & ,lit]ature ,m#c ,malayan-,polynesian ,lit]ature ,m#d ,european 7,lat91 etc47 ,lit]ature ,m#e ,european 7,teutonic7 ,m#f ,am]ican ,m#g ,palography4 ,bibliography ,m#h ,pr9t+1 ,bookb9d+ ,m#i ,libr>y economy ,n ,lit]>y ,=ms ,n#j ,fiction ,n#a ,poetry ,n#b ,drama ,n#c ,essays & ,miscellanea ,o-,w ,hi/ory & ,geography ,o#j ,univ]sal hi/ory ,o#a ,ar*ology ,o#b ,univ]sal geography ,o#c ,africa1 ,nor? ,o#d ,egypt ,o#e ,ea/ ,africa ,o#f ,c5tral ,africa ,o#g ,s\? ,africa ,o#h ,we/ ,africa ,o#i ,african ,isl&s ,p ,oceania & ,asia ,p#j ,au/ralia ,p#a ,polynesia1 ,micronesia1 etc4 ,p#b ,malaysia ,p#bi ,asia ,p#c ,japan ,p#d ,*9a ,p#e ,f>!r ,india4 ,malay ,/ates ,p#f ,india ,p#hh ,afghani/an ,p#i ,p]sia ,q1 ,r ,europe 7,s\?1 ,lat91 etc47 ,q#j ,europe1 g5]al ,q#a ,turkey 9 ,europe ,q#ab ,turkey 9 ,asia ,q#b ,pale/9e1 ,arabia ,q#c ,greece ,q#d ,balkan ,/ates ,q#e ,italy ,r#j ,france ,r#f ,spa9 ,r#h ,portugal ,s1 ,t ,europe 7,nor?1 ,teutonic1 ,slavonic7 ,s#j ,russia 9 ,europe ,s#ae ,pol& ,s#b ,f9l& ,s#be ,russia 9 ,asia ,s#c ,au/ria ,s#cd ,bohemia ,s#d ,hung>y ,s#e ,switz]l& ,s#f ,g]many ,t#j ,ne!rl&s ,t#a ,holl& ,t#b ,belgium ,t#e ,d5m>k ,t#f ,norway ,t#h ,sw$5 ,u1 ,v ,briti% ,isl&s ,u#j ,irel& ,u#b ,wales ,u#c ,engl& ,v#j ,scotl& ,v#e ,unit$ ,k+dom ,v#f ,briti% ,empire ,w ,am]ica ,w#j ,am]ica1 g5]al ,w#jb ,canada ,w#a ,unit$ ,/ates ,w#e ,mexico ,w#f ,c5tral ,am]ica ,w#fc ,we/ ,indies ,w#g ,s\? ,am]ica ,w#gb ,brazil ,w#gf ,p]u ,w#gh ,p>aguay ,w#h ,arg5t9a ,w#hc ,*ili ,w#i ,pol> ,regions ,x ,biography ,x#j ,collective & ,class ,x#jh ,h]aldry ,x#b ,portraits ,x#c ,individual ,biography #bdj4 ,adju/able ,classification4--,! ,subject ,classification is ! second s*eme inv5t$ by ,br[n :i* has a*iev$ success4 ,! e>li] s*eme 0 ! ,adju/able ,classification = ,libr>ies1 ) ,index1 ,london1 #ahih1 & is int]e/+ z ! =]unn] ( ! mu* l>g] subject s*eme4 ,only ! ma9 classes are giv5 "h3 ,a ,sci5ce ,b ,useful ,arts ,c ,f9e & ,recreative ,arts ,d ,social ,sci5ce ,e ,philosophy & ,religion ,f ,hi/ory & ,geography ,g ,biography ,h ,language & ,lit]ature ,j ,poetry & ,drama ,k ,prose ,fiction ,l ,miscellane\s ,?is initial alphabetic notation is divid$ by a progressive num]ical notation1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is a sample3 ,d ,social ,sci5ce #b-h ,g5]al #aj-ib ,mann]s1 ,cu/oms1 etc4 #id-aej ,political ,economy #aeb-bgb ,gov]nm5t & ,politics #bgd-ced ,law #cef-ceh ,comm]ce1 ,f9ance #djj-dbd ,communications #dbf-dhd ,education ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,practical ,,application #bda4 ,numb]s4--,! class lett]s & numb]s ( all books %\ld be writt5 9 ! inside1 pref]ably on ! back or front ( ! title-page1 & %\ld also be c>ri$ on to ! labels1 book-c>ds & all o!r records4 ,on ! outside ! class lett]s & numb]s may be lett]$ 9 gilt or writt5 on a suitable tag1 :i* mu/ be firmly pa/$ on ! back4 ,! usual position = ! tag is at ab\t #a in*es f ! foot ( ! back1 z ?is gives regul> & uni=m m>k+1 :i* looks neat4 ,"s libr>ians pref] a place at ! top ( ! back1 z ! arrang+ numb] ?us becomes m prom95t1 & ! tag at ! foot is m subject to h&l+4 ,! diagram %[s ! two me?ods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gc4--,lett]+ ( ,class ,numb]s 7,section #bda74 #bdb4 ,9 classification sy/ems 9 :i* ! class numb]s are us$ = *>g+ & all o!r purposes x is necess>y to provide a s]ies ( elaborate auxili>y m>ks to di/+ui% book f book 9 ! same subdivision4 ,?us1 9 ! ,decimal s*eme1 #fbaah is ! numb] = books on boil]s4 ,if !re are six books on ?is topic1 "s di/9ction mu/ be us$ 9 *>g+ to enable ! libr>ian to "k :i* book has be5 issu$4 ,mr ,cutt] has devis$ a table = ?is purpose1 :i* is kn[n z ! 8,cutt] ,au?or ,m>ks10 by :i* surnames are arrang$ accord+ to _! initials & qualifi$ by a numb] ?us3 ,abbott ,ab#b4 ,acl& ,ac#f4 ,cook ,c#gg4 ,c\s9 ,c#hc4 ,crabb ,c#hd4 ,g>d9] ,g#af4 ,g]ry ,g#cf4 ,gilman ,g#db4 ,%ock ,%#h4 ,! six books on boil]s w\ld accord+ly be di/+ui%$ by receiv+ ^! au?or m>ks1 & ! numb]s might become3 #fbaah ,ab#b ,abbott on ,boil]s4 #fbaah ,c#hc ,c\s9 #fbaah ,g#af ,g>d9] #fbaah ,%#h ,%ock ,9 ! ,subject ,classification ^! books :5 giv5 ! numb] = boil]s1 ,c#baj1 c\ld be fur!r di/+ui%$ by ! numb]s ( ! biographical tables1 ?us3 ,c#baj ---- ,abbott on ,boil]s4 #cjaa ,c#baj ---- ,c\s9 #cffi ,c#baj ---- ,g>d9] #defe ,c#baj ---- ,%ock #ghfc #bdc4 ,book & ,%elf ,m>k+4--,x is bett] to h ! class numb]s /amp$ on ! back ( ! book at once ?an to rely on tags or labels1 :i* h a t5d5cy to peel (f4 ,9 "s op5 access libr>ies us+ ord9>y gilt lett]+1 a subsidi>y m>k+ has be5 adopt$ to prev5t misplacem5t & to aid replacem5t4 ,^! m>ks are simple r\nd spots ( col\r$ enamel pa9t$ on ! backs ( books1 & !y effectually prev5t %elf be+ mix$ ) %elf & ti] ) ti]4 ,!re are eight %elves 9 a ti]1 & eight di/9ctive col\rs are us$1 s t no col\r is repeat$ 9 ! same ti]1 & !y are v>i$ 9 e succe$+ ti]1 s t adjo9+ %elves w n correspond 9 ! col\r ( _! m>k+4 ,z a fur!r precaution1 ! class m>ks are plac$ at diff]5t heights on ! backs ( ! books 9 ea* ti]1 s t1 ev5 if a r$-m>k$ book f ,ti] #a 7 plac$ among ! r$-m>k$ books on ,ti] #c1 !re w\ld /ill be a di/9ction4 ,( c\rse ! same level is ma9ta9$ = ea* ti]1 by means ( gauges1 & ! progression ( col\rs is obs]v$4 ,:5 a book moves =w>d to ano!r %elf1 ! m>k is pa9t$ ov] ) ! new col\r1 & :5 ! book is mov$ to ano!r ti]1 ! m>k is c>efully scrap$ out & alt]$ to suit ! new location4 ,z movem5t is n ext5sive 9 ord9>y libr>ies1 ?is alt]ation is only an occasional duty4 ,! class numb]s ma9ta9 ! topic ord] on ! %elves1 & s ! mo/ common me?od ( op5 access %elf m>k+ is complete4 ,x has be5 argu$ t ! class lett]s & numb]s are all-suffici5t to ma9ta9 ord] 9 a libr>y :i* all[s read]s to g to ! %elves1 b on ?is po9t exp]i5ce v>ies4 ,at any rate1 !re is no h>m 9 tak+ simple precautions ( ?is k9d1 :i* c]ta9ly possess ! great advantage t if a book is misplac$ x c be notic$ in/antly & rectifi$4 ,uni=m =m m>ks require clos] scrut9y1 ! use ( col\rs dem&s b a casual glance4 ,9 closely classifi$ libr>ies :]e !re is no public access to ! %elves1 simple class numb]s ought to be suffici5t = /aff purposes4 ,! only additional po9t is t1 p]haps1 ! accession numb]s %\ld also figure on ! backs ( ! books1 especially if an indicator is us$ = *>g+ 9 ! l5d+ dep>tm5t4 ,,col\rs4 ,ti] #a4 ,ti] #b4 ,ti] #c4 --------------- --------------- --------------- ,blue ,yell[ ,grey --------------- --------------- --------------- ,r$ ,mauve ,buff --------------- --------------- --------------- ,gre5 ,:ite ,blue --------------- --------------- --------------- ,yell[ ,grey ,r$ --------------- --------------- --------------- ,mauve ,buff ,gre5 --------------- --------------- --------------- ,:ite ,blue ,yell[ --------------- --------------- --------------- ,grey ,r$ ,mauve --------------- --------------- --------------- ,buff ,gre5 ,:ite --------------- --------------- --------------- ,,fig4 #gd4--;,col\r ,m>k+ ( ,books4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ge4--,ti] ,m>k+ ( ,books 7,section #bdc74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gf4--,%elf ,front ) ,class ,divisions & ,numb] 7,section #bdd74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #gg4--,ti] ,guide %[+ ,con/ruction 7,section #bdd74 #bdd4 ,x is desirable t ! arrangem5t ( ! %elves %\ld be made z cle> z possible to ! /aff & to read]s by means ( v>i\s guides1 & ^! are p>ticul>ly necess>y 9 op5 access libr>ies4 ,! be/ g5]al guide is a plan ( ! dep>tm5t %[+ ! disposition ( ! books 9 ! cases1 & indicat+ ! sequ5ce ( ! classification by means ( arr[s4 ,! plan ( ! ,croydon ,c5tral ,l5d+ ,libr>y may s]ve z an example4 ,if ! classes are indicat$ *romatically3 = example1 #jjj r$1 #ajj blue1 #bjj yell[1 #cjj gre51 etc41 ! plan w be m easily foll[$4 ,su* a plan1 drawn to a l>ge scale1 fram$1 & hung 9 a conspicu\s position1 w give read]s a valuable conspectus ( ! dep>tm5t4 ---------------------------------------- ,,*>t ,,( ,,subjects ,,9 ,,?is ,,ti] ,,physics #ece ,,light ---------------------------------------- ,,physics #ecf ,,heat ---------------------------------------- ,,physics #ecg ,,electricity ,,= ,,electrical ,,eng9e]+ ,,see #fbac ---------------------------------------- ,,physics #ecg ,,electricity #ech ,,magnetism ---------------------------------------- ,,physics #eci ,,molecul> ,,physics #edj ,,*emi/ry #eda ,,!oretical ---------------------------------------- ,,*emi/ry #edb ,,practical ,,exp]im5tal ---------------------------------------- ,,fig4 #gh4--,ti] ,guide %[+ ,lett]+ ( ,front 7,section #bdd74 ,9 addition1 a s]ies ( bold class labels at ! top ( ea* class1 & pl5ty ( topic labels on ! %elves1 toge!r ) ! progressive class numb]s boldly pr9t$1 & fix$ to ! end ( ea* %elf1 w be f\nd a great help to und]/&+ ! classification & f9d+ ! books4 ,%elf topic & numb] labels c be pr9t$ by ! /aff ) an ord9>y rubb]-pr9t+ or sign-writ+ app>atus1 & !y c be fix$ to ! %elves by means ( ! label-hold]s m5tion$ 9 ,section #bdi4 ,= class numb]s on ! %elf-ends xylonite label-hold]s w be f\nd economical & conv5i5t1 z !y c be cut into in* wid?s4 ,! above figure 7,fig4 #gf7 ( a %elf-front ) labels w give "s idea ( ! application ( ^! m>ks4 ,! class numb] ( ! fir/ or la/ topic only ne$ be giv54 ,a me?od ( guid+ by ti]s in/ead ( by %elves is describ$ 9 ,! ,libr>y ,_w 7,nov4 #aijd7 & is "o ( _m exp]im5ts :i* h be5 made ) %elf guid+4 ,! illu/rations 7,figs4 #gg1 #gh7 w %[ mu* bett] ?an words ! appe>ance & possibilities ( ?is sy/em4 ,ano!r =m is illu/rat$ bel[ 7,fig4 #gi7 & %[s a class label = indicat+ ! *ief cont5ts ( a ma9 class4 ,! illu/ration ( an op5 access l5d+ libr>y giv5 opposite 7,fig4 #hj7 %[s ! sy/em ( press guides us$ at ! ,nor? ,isl+ton ,libr>y1 :i* 9 practice has be5 f\nd v effective4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,a ,,g5]alia4 #jjj ,,g5]al #ejj ,,geometry #ajj ,,education #fjj ,,graphic ,,& ,,pla/ic ,,arts #cjj ,,logic #ijj ,,g5]al ,,sci5ce #djj ,,ma!matics ,= ,special ,subjects see ,index to ,subject ,classification4 ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,,fig4 #gi4--;,class ,guide 7,section #bdd74 #bde4 ,%elf ,regi/]4--,! %elf regi/] is a record ( ! books z !y /& on ! %elves1 & is ! ma9 guide us$ 9 /ock-tak+ & o!rwise *eck+ ! books4 ,c>ds are sometimes us$ = ?is purpose1 ea* "w be+ ent]$ on a sep>ate c>d1 ! :ole be+ arrang$ 9 trays 9 ! ord] ( ! classification4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hj4--;,bookcase ) ,classification ,guides & ,%elf ,labels 7,section #bdd74 ,ano!r me?od is to use %elf-regi/] %eets1 :i* occupy v little space1 a s+le %eet be+ us$ = ea* class division or subdivision4 ,! %eet is head$1 z %[n 9 ! subjo9$ rul+1 ) ! class lett] & numb]1 & ! books 9 ! section are ent]$ 9 au?or-alphabetical ord] to beg9 )1 aft]w>ds j z books are add$ 7,fig4 #ha74 ,! n>r[ columns are res]v$ = *eck+ ! %elves4 ,! date ( *eck is writt5 at ! top1 & ! pres5ce ( ! book indicat$ by a tick4 ,9 "s op5 access libr>ies /ock is tak5 ( ! %elves twice a ye> by means ( ^! %eets4 ,miss+ books are n tick$1 b not$ 9 ord] t fur!r se>* may be made 9 ! *>g+ sy/em & o!r records4 ,:5 !y turn up !y are tick$ (f4 ,! %eets are collat$ p]iodically1 & any books :i* cont9ue to be unacc\nt$ = are not$ & ent]$ 9 a special book rul$ to %[ au?or & title1 date miss+1 & hav+ a column = ! record ( any subsequ5t facts1 su* z its f9d+1 replacem5t1 or o!r means ( recov]y4 ----------------------------------#g---- ------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,ac- ,v ,e ces- o,m>4 #ajjc sion ,au?or4 ,title4 l #f1 ,dates ( ,*eck4 ,no4 s#aijj4 4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- #e1baf;,balf\r,manual ( ,botany #a #ae1fba;,h5frey #a #e1aaa,l9dley,elem5ts ( ,botany#a #i ,v ,,fig4 #ha4--,%elf-*eck ,regi/] 7,section #bde74 #bdf4 ,dummies & ,ov]fl[ ,/ock4--,sometimes ! libr>y becomes conge/$ at c]ta9 places ow+ to limit$ space & rapid gr[?1 & if disc>d+ is n resort$ to "s ( ! less popul>1 or old1 books mu/ be remov$ to a supplem5t>y /ore4 ,!re is sc>cely a libr>y :i* does n possess a second classification /or$ ap>t1 :]e su* cr[d$-out books are kept4 ,on ! %elf-regi/] ^! books c ei!r be indicat$ by "s su* means z a r$-ink cross1 or !y c be remov$ f ! orig9al & ent]$ on supplem5t>y %eets4 ,dummies1 su* z ^? describ$ 9 ,section #bdg1 c also be us$ to %[ books locat$ else:]e1 especially 9 op5 access libr>ies1 or li/s c be m\nt$ on c>ds & kept beside ea* ti]4 ,! "q ( surplus /ock is "o :i* ought to be dealt ) on ! broad l9es ( ! disc>d+ policy discuss$ 9 ,section #aii1 b1 ( c\rse1 an actual division ( /ock caus$ by ov]cr[d+ mu/ be treat$ z recomm5d$ above4 ,l>ge & odd-siz$ books %\ld be %elv$ 9 special presses1 & _! place 9 ! classification c be indicat$ by means ( dummies1 z describ$ bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hb4--,%elf ,dummy = ,book ,%elv$ out ( ,ord] 7,section #bdg74 #bdg4 ,%elf ,accessories4--,= ! purpose ( ma9ta9+ ord] on ! %elves & m>k+ p>ticul> divisions or classes1 v>i\s devices h f "t to "t be5 introduc$4 ,,dummies are us$ to indicate ! tempor>y abs5ce ( books1 or to %[ t p>ticul> works1 because ( _! l>ge size1 are locat$ on "s o!r %elf4 ,! simple/ =m ( %elf dummy = classification purposes is a block ( wood ab\t #g in*es #e in*es in*1 pa9t$ :ite1 or cov]$ ) :ite pap] on ! edge1 & lett]$ ) ! title ( ! book :i* x repres5ts4 ,! title may be writt5 on ea* ( ! sev5-in* faces1 9 case ! block gets rev]s$1 & %\ld also be> a pla9 direction to ! location ( ! book x repres5ts 7,fig4 #hb74 ,a simil> dummy1 be>+ ! classification numb] & ! "n ( ! division1 s]ves z a good guide to ! classification4 ,! block is ins]t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ea* new classification sequ5ce2 & bo? 9 ?is case1 z 9 t ( ! dummy t repres5ts books1 ! dummy is too unlike a book to be tak5 = any?+ o!r ?an a guide4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hc4--,millbo>d ,dummy = ,)drawn ,book 7,section #bdh74 #bdh4 ,= books tempor>ily )drawn a piece ( millbo>d cov]$ :ite on "o side may be us$ 9 ! =m %[n bel[ 7,fig4 #hc74 ,?is %\ld h ! au?or1 numb] & title ( ! miss+ book writt5 on ! :ite side4 ,"o bo>d ( ?is sort c be us$ ov] & ov] aga9 = diff]5t books1 by simply add+ ! new title & oblit]at+ ! old "o4 ,?is bo>d c also be us$ in/ead ( ! block above illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #hb7 if space is a matt] ( mom5t4 ,! object ( ! tail 9 ?is =m ( bo>d is to prev5t ! bo>d f disappe>+ beh9d or gett+ lo/ among ! o!r books4 ,:5 plac$ betwe5 two books1 ) ! projection ov]hang+ ! front ( ! %elf1 x w always /ick out s z to be se5 readily1 :ile x _c v readily be pu%$ deep into ! %elf because ( ! projection4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hd4--,xylonite ,label-hold] 7,section #bdi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #he4--,tongu$ ,metal ,book-re/ 7,section #bej74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hf4--;,flang$ ,metal ,book-re/ 7,section #bej74 #bdi4 ,,label-,,hold]s = keep+ all k9ds ( classification or o!r labels 9 place ^u ! =e-edges ( %elves1 close to ! books :i* !y indicate1 are made 9 v>i\s =ms4 ,an old =m 0 made out ( t9 or ?9 japann$ iron1 ) a pair ( flanges on ! upp] & l[] edges to take a c>d-label4 ,?is 0 screw$ or tack$ on to ! edge ( ! %elf & %ift$ :5 necess>y4 ,ano!r =m ( ?is hold] is made precisely ! same z reg>ds ! turn$-ov] flanges to =m grooves1 b )\t ! screw-holes1 & has 9 addition a long projection to slide "u ! books on ! %elf s z to keep 9 place4 ,?is c be mov$ easily1 b x is v apt to be pull$ out :5 books are remov$4 ,a simple1 effective %elf label-hold] is made f /rips ( transp>5t xylonite b5t 9 a rectangul> =m1 & p9n$ or screw$ to ! "u-side ( ! %elf z illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #hd74 ,?is c be made to fit into %elves ) ei!r squ>e or r\nd$ edges1 & keeps ! labels clean1 z x cov]s !m ov]4 ,! advantage ( ?is =m ( label-hold] is t x c be cut ) a pair ( scissors or a knife to any size if want$ only = simple %elf or class numb]s4 ,x is also easily adju/$ or *ang$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hg4--;,comb9$ ,book-re/ & ,%elf ,guide 7,section #bej74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hh4--,yale ,book-re/ 7,section #bej74 #bej4 ,,book-,,re/s ,,& ,,%elf ,,guides4--,practically e libr>ian born be=e #ahhj has inv5t$ a book-re/ at "s p]iod ( 8 c>e]1 & !re is consequ5tly ! less ne$ = describ+ m ?an "o or two typical devices4 ,! be/-kn[n =m is ! ord9>y rectangul> metal re/1 :i* is made 9 sev]al /yles 9 japann$ iron4 ,fig4 #he is ! commone/ =m1 ?\gh x is objectionable1 because books are apt to be impal$ ^u ! %>p edge & damag$1 & occasionally ! re/ itself is lo/4 ,a bett]1 ?\gh slightly m exp5sive1 =m is ,fig4 #hf4 ,by reason ( ! flang$ side !re is no dang] ( books be+ damag$1 & ?is side c also be us$ z a classification guide if want$ to indicate :]e "o class beg9s & ano!r ends4 ,a v>iation ( ! dummy m5tion$ 9 ,section #bdg 7,fig4 #hb7 is a pla9 wood5 block m\nt$ on metal angle pieces :i* c be made to act z a useful label-hold] 9 classifi$ libr>ies4 ,! illu/ration 7,fig4 #hg7 w %[ ! =m ( ?is device4 ,ano!r =m ( book-re/ or support is suffici5tly describ$ by ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #hh74 #bea4 ,book-,/&s & ,c>ri]s4--,= desk & table use !re are two v conv5i5t & adju/able book-/&s1 :i* w be f\nd useful 9 public z well z private libr>ies4 ,"o is ! ,am]ican /& ) adju/able wire comp>tm5ts1 :i* is useful = keep+ books h&y = desk use or = sort+ out c>ds1 etc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #hi4--;,book-c>ri] hung on front ( ,bookcase 7,section #beb74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ij4--;,book-truck 7,section #bec74 #beb4 ,! o!r is ! ,engli% adju/able book-/& :i* is l>gely us$ = display+ & c>ry+ ab\t a few books = committee or consultation purposes4 ,z a table book-hold]1 ?is is probably ! be/ & /ronge/ =m ev] inv5t$4 ,z %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #hi71 ! uprights slide & firmly grip a l>ge or small numb] ( books1 accord+ to ! capacity ( ! hold]4 ,?is contrivance has be5 adapt$ z a libr>y book-c>ri]1 by hav+ /rong hooks atta*$1 :i* fit into /aples affix$ to ! fronts or ends ( bookcases4 ,!y are v useful = classify+ & arrang+ books await+ replacem5t or %elv+4 ,!re are o!r =ms ( book-hold]s & c>ri]s ) fix$ upright ends1 b !y are n s satisfactory z ! adju/able =ms describ$4 #bec4 ,9 l>ge libr>ies a book-truck w be f\nd a useful appliance = mov+ quantities ( books ab\t1 ei!r = purposes ( s]vice or location or catalogu+4 ,! design 9 ,fig4 #ij w expla9 ?is device suffici5tly4 ,,bibliography #bed4 ,au?or ,m>ks3 ,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,au?or ,m>ks & ,symbols4 ,9 8 ,subject ,classification1 #aijf1 p4 #bf4 ,cutt]1 ,c4 ,a4 ,au?or ,m>ks4 ,9 8 ,expansive ,classification1 #ahia-ic1 p4 #aci4 ---- ,?ree-,figure ,alfabetic-ord] ,table4 ,libr>y ,bureau4 ,dewey1 ,melvil4 ,decimal ,classification 7la/ ed471 ,intro4 & ,app5dix4 ,in/itut ,int]national de ,bibliographie4 ,classification ,dcimale1 fascicule i4 ,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,b]wick4 ,notation4 ,9 8 ,introduction to ,libr>y ,classification1 #aiah1 p4 #fh4 #bee4 ,classification & ,%elf ,guides3 ,c\tts1 ,h4 ,t4 ,classification & ,%elf ,guides4 ,9 ,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d41 & o!rs1 ,op5 ,access ,libr>ies1 #aiae4 ,say]s4 ,introduction1 *apt] xii4 7vide supra74 ,dewey1 ,melvil4 ,%elf ,li/4 ,9 8 ,libr>y ,s*ool ,rules1 #ahib4 ,= ,articles1 see ,cannons1 ,h #if-ajh1 ,%elf ,arrangem5t1 etc4 ,,division ,,viii ,,catalogu+1 ,,fil+1 ,,index+ ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,catalogu+ ,,me?od #bef4 ,g5]al4--,( ! int]ior adm9i/rative "w ( ! municipal1 or ev5 m ( ! univ]sity or in/itutional libr>y1 t :i* occupies mo/ "t & ?\ght is catalogu+4 ,a catalogue is prop]ly def9$ z an explanatory1 logically-arrang$ inv5tory & key to ! books & _! cont5ts1 & diff]s f a bibliography 9 be+ conf9$ to ! books 9 a giv5 libr>y4 ,= its production wide k bo? ( catalogu+ rules & ( g5]al subjects is requir$1 & exp]i5ce 9 ord9>y ref]5ce "w is ess5tial4 ,! /aff1 !re=e1 to :om ! catalogu+ is entru/$ %\ld be highly tra9$ & well educat$2 t is to say1 t "p ( ! /aff :i* deals ) ! f9al processes 9 catalogu+--! *oice ( head+s1 treatm5t ( titles1 annotation1 selection ( add$ entries1 & ! fil+ ( ! f9i%$ mat]ial4 ,9 l>ge libr>ies catalogu+ /affs are *os5 ) c>e1 & catalogu+ rooms are arrang$ = ! "w ) a c>eful reg>d to ! value ( natural light+1 ( furniture s arrang$ t ! catalogu] has n to rise f 8 desk e "t he wi%es to make a ref]5ce1 &1 inde$1 ) ! object ( produc+ ! be/ results at a m9imum exp5diture ( en]gy4 ,ev5 9 ! smalle/ libr>y1 :]e ! libr>ian does ! catalogu+1 a prelim9>y att5tion to su* matt]s z ! con/ruction ( ! catalogu+ table & its accessibility to ! inevitable catalogu]'s ref]5ce books1 w save mu* lab\r h]eaft]4 ,x may n be sup]flu\s to add t z catalogu+ is exact+ "w1 x is fatigu+ "w1 & no assi/ant %\ld be kept at x )\t v>iation = a long] "t ?an he c rema9 m5tally al]t & fre%4 ,eye-/ra9 & fatigue mean inaccuracy1 & at ! be/ ineffici5t "w1 & sev5 h\rs is a maximum t %\ld n be exce$$4 #beg4 ,k9ds ( ,catalogue4--,!re is no m important decision t a libr>ian has to make ?an t ( ! =m :i* ! catalogue is to take4 ,a wrong *oice "h w produce mon?s ( lab\r to make good ! error4 ,! *oice w no d\bt be influ5c$ by ! k9d ( public = :i* ! catalogue is requir$4 ,! public may be g5]al 9 "*1 & )9 t some:at vague def9ition may be artisan1 or comm]cial1 or :at n2 or x may be special--) a l>ge numb] ( /ud5ts4 ,! public a municipal libr>y has to s]ve usually comb9es all ^! elem5ts2 & 9 *oos+ ! =m ( catalogue1 a libr>ian may be guid$ by ! desire to s]ve !m all1 b to emphasize ! educational side ( 8 "w4 ,! que/ions :i* a catalogue or catalogues may be expect$ to answ] are3 :at books has ! libr>y 7a7 by a giv5 au?or1 7b7 on a giv5 subject1 7c7 hav+ a giv5 title4 ,mo/ catalogues may1 by ! addition ( indexes1 be made to yield ?is in=mation ) v>y+ degrees ( effici5cy4 ,! v>i\s =ms1 & examples ( !m1 %\ld be consid]$ c>efully be=e ! *oice is made4 ,^? mo/ recogniz$ are ! ,au?or catalogue1 ! ,diction>y catalogue1 ! ,classifi$ catalogue1 & ! ,alphabetical-,class$ catalogue4 ,! au?or catalogue is mo/ valuable 9 ! h&s ( lit]>y m5 & ( exp]ts1 b is ( v limit$ use to ! read] ^: k ( au?ors is small4 ,x is simply an alphabetical arrangem5t ( au?or entries ( books1 )\t any ref]5ce 9 t arrangem5t to _! subjects4 ,! be/ examples ( ?is =m ( catalogu+ are ! ,briti% ,museum ,catalogue ( ! ,pr9t$ ,books & ! ,au?or ,catalogue ( ! ,london ,libr>y4 ,! diction>y catalogue is ! =m mo/ popul> "h & 9 ,am]ica1 &1 un=tunately1 is usually ! mo/ defective4 ,z its "n implies1 x resembles ! ord9>y alphabetical arrangem5t ( ! diction>y1 & embraces 9 "o alphabet entries ( au?ors1 subjects1 titles1 & s]ies4 ,! pr9ciple ( subject entry is t books are ent]$ "u ! specific subject1 & n usually "u broad head+s2 ?us books on ,trees are ent]$ "u t ^w1 & n1 z 9 a classifi$ catalogue1 "u _! hi/orical1 or logical1 place 9 ,botany4 ,! diction>y =m is t mo/ attractive to ! g5]al read]1 & 9 its ideal =m is a rem>kably effective in/rum5t2 t is to say1 :5 x analyses ! subjects 9 books1 & l9ks all specific & g5]al head+s by cross-ref]5ces4 ,! be/ examples are ! ,brooklyn ,libr>y ,catalogue & ! ,index ,catalogue ( ! ,u4,s4 ,surgeon-,g5]al's ,libr>y2 & good ,engli% examples1 :i* w repay /udy1 are ! catalogues ( ,bi%opsgate ,in/itute1 ,london1 & ( ,hamp/ead ,public ,libr>ies :i* seems to be modell$ on ! ,bi%opsgate catalogue4 ,objections to ! diction>y catalogue are t x gives no connect$ view ( any subject & ( its collat]al subjects1 t x is r>ely cross-ref]5c$ adequately1 t head+s are *os5 haphaz>d1 &1 :at is its *ief objection1 if x is pr9t$ x is out-(-date ! day aft] publication--an objection :i* does n apply s mu* to ! pr9t$ classifi$ catalogue1 z t l5ds itself to publication1 & to revision1 a class at a "t4 ,libr>ians us+ ?is =m %\ld base _! subject entries ^u ! ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,li/ ( ,subject ,head+s 7second edition1 #aiab7 or ! ,libr>y ( ,congress ,li/ 79 progress1 issu$ 9 p>ts by ! ,libr>y71 z ^! w secure a *oice ( recogniz$ head+s & save mu* lab\r 9 decid+ betwe5 alt]native head+s4 ,! application ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress li/ may be /udi$ 9 ,! ,libr>y ,association ,index to ,p]iodicals 7#aiae-af71 :i* is1 9 ! ma91 arrang$ ^u x4 ,! classifi$ catalogue--! be/ accessible example ( :i* is ! catalogue ( ! ,c>negie ,libr>y ( ,pittsburgh 7#ahie-aijb1 supplem5ts1 #aijb-jf & #aijg-aa71 :ile good ,engli% examples are issu$ by ,! ,pat5t ,(fice1 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 ,isl+ton 7select$ catalogue71 ,bolton & ,wal?am/[--is gradually ou/+ ! diction>y catalogue f ! fav\r ( libr>ians4 ,9 ?is =m books are arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( ! classification1 9 ! p]fect =m 9 ! /rict ord] ( x1 & "u ea* specific head+ ! books c be arrang$ alphabetically or 7pref]ably7 9 *ronological or inv]se-*ronological ord]1 or 9 ! ord] :i* places ! be/ book fir/4 ,su* a catalogue %[s ! :ole 8family0 lit]ature ( e subject 9 a logical progression1 & is !re=e mu* m valuable to ! /ud5t ?an o!r =ms4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be equipp$ ) au?or & subject indexes to make x usable by ord9>y read]s :o h n grasp$ ! s*eme ( classification2 su* indexes are usually plac$ at ! end ( ! catalogue1 or class if ! catalogue is issu$ 9 class li/s1 & ! catalogue is prefac$ ) an outl9e ( ! s*eme4 ,! alphabetical-class$ catalogue is "o 9 :i* ! books are arrang$ "u specific subjects & ! subject head+s are arrang$ 9 alphabetical ord]4 ,excell5t examples ( ! me?od are ! ,libr>y ,association ,index to ,p]iodicals & 7) brief] entries7 ! ,london ,libr>y ,subject ,index1 & ! ,briti% ,museum ,subject ,index4 ,z ! la/ two examples %[1 ?is =m is usually provid$ z an index to be us$ 9 conjunction ) a sep>ate au?or catalogue1 b complete1 individual catalogues h be5 produc$ 9 ?is =m4 ,its advantages are ^? accru+ to ! alphabet1 rapid ref]5ce & easy recognition2 its disadvantages are ! inevitable sep>ations ( alli$ topics4 #beh4 ,annotation1 etc4--,9 all =ms ( catalogue ! difficulties :i* h to be obviat$ are ! lack ( cle>ness ( mean+ 9 titles & ( in=mation z to ! qualifications ( au?ors1 ! scope1 size1 =mat1 date & o!r features ( books4 ,^! p>ticul>s c1 & %\ld1 be giv5 z a rule "u ! pr9cipal entry ( ea* book z "p ( ! ma9 entry2 b to amplify su* in=mation1 notes--te*nically call$ annotations--are n[ frequ5tly provid$4 ,an admirable conspectus ( ! art ( annotation is available 9 ,e4 ,a4 ,savage's ,manual ( ,annotation 9 ,libr>y ,catalogues1 & ! /ud5t is ref]r$ to t "w4 ,"h x w be suffici5t to say t catalogue entries %\ld be z full 9 bibliographical p>ticul>s z ! means ( ! libr>y w all[1 & t notes1 :i* mu/ be z brief z possible1 %\ld elucidate obscure titles1 %[ ! qualifications ( ! au?or1 8 me?od1 elem5t>y or o!rwise1 ! prelim9>y k requir$ = ! read+ ( ! book1 its place 9 ! lit]ature ( ! subject1 & ! pres5ce ( bibliographies1 gloss>ies1 etc42 & %\ld give1 9 ! case ( repr9ts1 ! date ( fir/ publication1 & 9 t ( revis$ editions1 ! nature ( ! revision or editorial additions4 #bei4 ,=m ( ,catalogue4--,hav+ *os5 ! mann] 9 :i* 8 catalogue is to be compil$1 or1 to adapt a t]m f classification1 its inn] =m1 ! libr>ian has an almo/ equally important decision to make z to ! mann] ( its out] =m1 or ! way 9 :i* x may be made accessible to 8 public4 ,at "o "t e libr>ian aim$ to produce a pr9t$ catalogue z a matt] ( c\rse & necessity1 p>tly because ,,ms4 =ms 7 imp]fect1 & p>tly because ! univ]sal preval5ce ( ! b>ri] sy/em made a key ( :i* e read] c\ld h a copy an integral "p ( ! *>g+4 ,?is view does n prevail to any?+ l ! =m] ext5t1 & ! complete pr9t$ catalogue 9 book =m is becom+ less & less g5]al4 ,9 "s ways ?is is un=tunate1 because ! pr9t$ catalogue has ! indisputable value ( book-=m1 homog5eity1 & conv5i5ce bo? = consultation & = c>ry+ ab\t2 besides1 x is a valuable bibliographical tool = use 9 all o!r libr>ies4 ,at ! same "t1 ! great co/ ( ! pr9t$ catalogue1 especially :5 issu$ complete 9 any ( ! alphabetical =ms1 & ! irritat+ fact t 9 a gr[+ libr>y x is incomplete ! day aft] x is publi%$1 h made x almo/ impossible = public libr>ians to publi% 9 ?is =m4 ,complete pr9t$ class-li/s are a m satisfactory =m1 because ea* class c be publi%$ sep>ately & at su* int]vals z w di/ribute ! co/ ov] sev]al ye>s2 & revisions c be made 9 simil> s]ial mann]1 s t classes su* z ! ,useful ,arts1 9 :i* books mo/ rapidly run out ( date or are sup]s$$1 c be m frequ5tly revis$ ?an o!rs4 ,mo/ classifi$ catalogues are issu$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,b1 9 spite ( ! admitt$ advantages ( ! complete pr9t$ catalogue 9 book-=m1 ! t5d5cy is to dep5d ^u complete manuscript catalogues at ! libr>y1 & to advise read]s ( additions by means ( a p]iodical libr>y bullet91 by duplicat$ li/s1 by li/s publi%$ 9 ! local newspap]s1 etc4 ,! op5 access sy/em has de/roy$ ! mo/ imm$iate necessity = ! pr9t$ catalogue--! *oos+ ( books f a /ock :i* read]s 7 unable to exam9e--& few libr>ies :i* publi% su* a catalogue c hope to rec\p ev5 a sub/antial "p ( ! co/ f sales4 ,"o or two libr>ies h a select$ pr9t$ catalogue1 :i* conta9s ! #aj1jjj-bj1jjj inv>iable books 9 ! libr>y--! classics 9 all bran*es ( lit]ature :i* read]s h a "r to expect to f9d on ! %elves--& dep5d ^u ,,ms4 catalogues = ! /ock z a :ole4 #bfj4 ,c>d ,di/ribution1 etc4--,9 us+ ! t]m 8manuscript catalogue0 we speak some:at loosely1 9 t ! t]m usually cov]s any catalogue n 9 pr9t$ book =m2 h5ce x cov]s slip1 c>d1 %eaf1 plac>d & v>i\s o!r =ms 9 :i* individual entries may inde$ be pr9t$4 ,! mo/ us$ ( ^! is ! c>d catalogue1 9 :i* ea* entry ( books is made on a sep>ate c>d1 & ! c>ds are arrang$ on _! =e-edges 9 draw]s or trays 7b draw]s pref]ably7 9 ! ord] t w\ld be us$ 9 a book-catalogue4 ,! m]it ( ?is sy/em is its inf9ite flexibility2 =1 z e book has its sep>ate c>d1 c>ds = additions c be ins]t$ )\t dislocat+ ! ord]1 & ! catalogue c be kept up-to-date always4 ,sev]al ( ! great bibliographical & catalogu+ in/itutions h adopt$ ?is =m1 ! mo/ important be+ ! ,libr>y ( ,congress at ,wa%+ton4 ,?is admirable libr>y n only pr9ts its own c>ds1 b (f]s copies = sale to o!r libr>ies at a l[ co/4 ,9 #aiad ^! c>ds 7 available = #fej1jjj titles1 & to ^! additions ( f #ej1jjj to #ee1jjj are made annually4 ,z ! c>ds are ( /&>d size 7#e in*es #c in*es #abe #ge cm47 !y c be us$ 9 any prop]ly con/ruct$ catalogue4 ,naturally !re is an emphasis on ,am]ican books1 b ?\s&s ( ! c>ds apply to ,engli% books z well4 ,?us1 = an exp5diture ( ab\t two c5ts p] c>d1 any libr>y may h ! c>ds = its catalogues1 & ?is is at a f> small] co/ 9 lab\r & money ?an any individual pr9t$ entry c be obta9$ by any libr>y4 ,! backbone ( ! sy/em is ! 8unit0 c>d2 t is to say1 "o c>d is pr9t$ = a book & on x are indicat$ all cross-ref]5ces1 etc41 & extra copies ( ! c>d c1 if x is ?\ght necess>y1 be pur*as$ & plac$ "u ! head+s indicat$4 ,! ,libr>y ( ,congress issues advance pro( %eets at a *>ge ( #cj a ye>1 :i* may be cut up & m\nt$ on c>ds z a /aff catalogue1 or z sugge/ion slips1 & f ^! may be le>n$ ! s]ial numb]s by :i* c>ds may be ord]$4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates sev]al ( ! great city libr>ies act z depots = /or+ :ole sets ( ! c>ds1 :i* libr>ians ( o!r libr>ies may consult in/ead ( pro( %eets4 ,?is c>d di/ribution me?od has ?us be5 dwelt ^u z x has z yet no analogue 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & x is to be hop$ t "s judici\sly *os5 great ,briti% libr>ies may act z depots = ,libr>y ( ,congress & o!r c>ds4 ,_! use w\ld save ?\s&s ( p\nds to ,briti% libr>ies1 z well z set free = o!r libr>y purposes ! hundr$s ( catalogu]s 9 hundr$s ( diff]5t libr>ies :o are all engag$ 9 ! wa/eful task ( catalogu+ ! v same books4 ,o!r libr>ies :i* issue pr9t$ c>ds are ! ,in/itute ,int]national de ,bibliographie at ,brussels1 ! ,concilium ,bibliographicum1 ,zuri*1 ! ,john ,cr]> ,libr>y1 ,*icago1 & ,pittsburgh ,libr>y4 ,ab\t n9ety p] c5t4 ( ! municipal libr>y books 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are cov]$ by ! ,libr>y ( ,congress c>ds2 !re=e a c]ta9 numb] ( c>ds h /ill to be made by ! individual libr>ies2 & 9 ,engli% libr>ies practically all ! c>d catalogues are s made4 ,9 "s cases ! c>ds are made by m\nt+ entries f ! p]iodical li/ ( additions or bullet91 b usually ! c>ds are writt51 h&-pr9t$ or typ$4 ,x is obvi\s t "s sy/em ( c>d di/ribution f an au?oritative c5tre is badly ne$$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom z a measure ( m]e economy4 #bfa4 ,%eaf ,catalogue4--,! second =m ( manuscript catalogue is ! %eaf1 :i* may be describ$ z a book-application ( ! pr9ciple ( ! c>d catalogue4 ,x consi/s ( a %eaf or hold] 9 ! %ape ( a book-cov] :i* is fitt$ ) lock+ rods design$ to hold "s #fjj or #hjj leaves4 ,! leaves are sep>ate individual pieces ( pap] cut to a /&>d size & pun*$ ) slots & holes to accommodate ! lock+ rods ( ! %eaf4 ,! %eaf is arrang$ on mu* ! same plan z ! c>d catalogue1 except t sev]al books are ent]$ on ea* page z a rule1 & :5 any page becomes conge/$ x is re-writt5 z a :ole4 ,x w be se5 t ?is is ! loose-leaf pr9ciple1 :i* has l>gely become s prom95t 9 bus9ess me?odology2 &1 inde$1 ! %eaf-catalogue 0 und\bt$ly ! =]unn] ( ! loose-leaf l$g]4 ,x has mo/ ( ! advantages ( ! c>d catalogue1 occupies less space1 & has ! und5iable advantage ( book =m2 b :]eas 9 ! c>d catalogue !re is little or no re-writ+ ( entries1 9 ! %eaf catalogue ?is mu/ be und]tak5 at int]vals4 ,( c\rse if "o page 7 devot$ to ea* entry1 z "o c>d is s devot$ 9 ! c>d catalogue1 ! m]its ( ! sy/ems w\ld seem to be equal1 except p]haps t ! c>d is ( a m durable mat]ial ?an ! pap] us$ 9 ! %eaf4 ,b ei!r c>d or %eaf is inf9itely sup]ior to any o!r =m ( ,,ms4 catalogue4 ,a ref]5ce only is necess>y to o!r =ms ( ,,ms4 :i* h be5 propos$ f "t to "t1 z none ( !m has be5 adopt$ by any numb] ( libr>ies4 ,! v old libr>ies occasionally use a slip catalogue2 ! ,bodleian & ,briti% ,museum1 = example1 pa/e slips into volumes or gu>d books resembl+ l>ge scrap-books 9 approximate alphabetical ord]1 & o!r libr>ies use simil> me?ods4 ,! sy/em is a good "o 9 _m respects2 ! public und]/&s & likes x2 b ! catalogue runs to s _m l>ge volumes t its accommodation w\ld be a s]i\s matt] = ! ord9>y libr>y2 & ! conge/ion ( entries1 ) loss ( all b approximate alphabetical ord] at mo/ lett]s ( ! alphabet1 w be obvi\s4 ,adju/m5ts w be expla9$ 9 ! next *apt]4 ,x is n ! int5tion "h to recomm5d any special me?od or =m ( catalogu+2 individual libr>y sy/ems h individual ne$s2 & no libr>ian %\ld make s important a decision z to ! "* ( 8 catalogue )\t an exam9ation ( su* catalogues z h be5 nam$ & describ$4 ,our next *apt] w illu/rate ! physical =ms ( catalogue suffici5tly1 we ?9k1 = mo/ practical purposes4 #bfb4 ,codes & ,rules#i4--,:atev] =m ( catalogue is *os51 ! ma9 entry is practically ! same = !m all2 t is1 ! au?or entry2 & a :ole lit]ature ( catalogu+ rules & codes n[ exi/s :i* mu/ receive c>eful att5tion4 ,! pr9cipal ( !m are z foll[s3 ,bodleian ,libr>y4 ,rules = ! ,au?or ,catalogues ( ,pr9t$ ,books & ,pr9t$ ,music4 ,see ,supplem5t to ! ,/aff-,kal5d>1 #aiaa1 etc4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,rules = ,compil+ ,catalogues 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,pr9t$ ,books1 #aijf4 ,cutt]1 ,c4 ,a4 ,rules = a ,pr9t$ ,diction>y ,catalogue4 #d? ed41 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c41 #aijd4 7,! mo/ complete & detail$ "w on ! subject47 ,qu9n1 ,j4 ,h4 ,libr>y ,catalogu+1 #aiac4 ,truslove ,hanson4 7,! be/ ,engli% text-book = beg9n]s1 b limit$ ma9ly to ! diction>y =m1 :i* ! au?or pref]s47 ,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,libr>y ,classification & ,catalogu+1 #aiab4 ,grafton4 7,m advanc$ & compreh5sive ?an ,qu9n1 & is illu/rat$ freely47 ,dewey1 ,melvil4 ,libr>y ,s*ool ,rules3 #a1 ,c>d ,catalog ,rules2 #b1 ,accession ,book ,rules2 #c1 ,%elf ,li/ ,rules4 #e? ed4 ,bo/on3 ,libr4 ,bureau1 #aije4 7,) #eb facsimiles ( sample c>ds47 ,ja/1 ,l4 ,s4 ,classifi$ & ,annotat$ ,catalogu+3 ,sugge/ions & ,rules4 ,see ,libr>y ,_w1 vi4 #c1 #ahih-aijj4 ,abridg$ 9 ,libr>y ,_w1 v4 #g1 #aijf4 ,l9d]felt1 ,k4 ,a4 ,eclectic ,c>d ,catalog ,rules3 ,au?ors & ,titles4 ,bas$ on ,dziatzko's ,in/ruction1 comp>$ ) ! ,rules ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,cutt]1 ,dewey1 ,p]k9s & o!r au?orities4 ,bo/on3 ,c4 ,a4 ,cutt]1 #ahij4 7,an invaluable ref]5ce book47 ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,sydney ,public ,libr>y4 ,guide to ! ,sy/em ( ,catalogu+ ! ,ref]5ce ,libr>y3 ) rules = catalogu+4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,l4 ,&]son4 #d? ed4 #aijb4 ,sydney3 ,gullick4 ,p]k9s1 ,f4 ,b4 ,san ,francisco ,catalogu+ = ,public ,libr>ies3 ,a ,manual bas$ on ! ,sy/em 9 use 9 ! ,san ,francisco ,free ,public ,libr>y4 ,s4 ,francisco3 ,c4 ,a4 ,murdock1 #ahhd4 ,hit*l]1 ,!resa4 ,catalogu+ = ,small ,libr>ies4 ,ed4 #b1 #aiae4 ,*icago3 ,a4,l4,a4 #i ,=eign codes :i* des]ve m5tion are3 ,italian3 ,fumagalli1 ,giuseppe4 ,cataloghi di ,bibliote*e1 e ,indice ,bibliographia3 ,memoria4 ,fir5ze3 ,g4 ,c4 ,sansoni1 #ahhg4 ,g]man3 ,in/ruction5 fr die ,alphabetis*5 ,kataloge d] ,preuszis*5 ,biblio!k54 ,zweite ,ausg41 #aijh4 ,b]l93 ,behr5d1 #aiji4 ,au/rian3 ,k4 ,k4 ,h(biblio!k4 ,vors*rift fr die ,v]fassung des ,alphabetis*5 ,nom9al-,zettelkatalogs d] ,druckw]ke4 ,hrsg4 von d] ,direction4 ,mit zwei ,beilag51 e9em ,sa*regi/] und #ejj ,beispiel54 ,wi53 ,selb/v]lag d] ,k4 ,k4 ,h(biblio!k1 #aija4 ,spani%3 ,junta ,facultativa de ,ar*ivos1 ,bibliotecas y ,museos4 ,in/rucciones p>a la r$accin de los catlogos en las bibliotecas publicas del e/ado4 ,madrid3 ,tip4 de la ,revi/a de ,ar*ivos1 ,bibliotecas y ,museos1 #aijb4 #bfc4 ,anglo-,am]ican ,code4--,:ile ! /udy ( ! above codes & elucidations is a necess>y prelim9>y to ! be/ catalogu+ "w1 !y all lead up 9 g5]al to ! ,anglo-,am]ican catalogu+ code1 :i* made its fir/ appe>ance 9 #aijh1aj & at ! "t ( writ+ 7,may #aiai7 is aga9 "u revision4 ,x is a useful & happy example ( co-op]ation betwe5 ! two pr9cipal libr>y societies ( ! _w1 & may be said to h laid ! f\ndations ( all future catalogu+ me?od4 ,x consi/s ( def9itions2 #agd sub/antive rules1 ) v>iations :]e ! two c\ntries c\ld n agree1 & :]e "s recogniz$ au?ority su* z ! ,libr>y ( ,congress diff]$ f ! rule recomm5d$2 & app5dices on abbreviations1 translit]ation1 & sample catalogue c>ds illu/rat+ ! rules4 ,a dige/ & criticism ( ^! rules1 :i* are too _m to be copi$ "h1 w be f\nd 9 ,br[n's ,libr>y ,classification & ,catalogu+1 & w s]ve to %[ ! skeleton ( ! entries !y provide1 & w be s]viceable to ! /ud5t :o reads x 9 connexion ) ! ,code itself4 ,! ma9 feature ( ! ,code is fulness ( entry1 involv+ v>i\s repetitions 9 places2 = example1 ! au?or's "n1 :i* is us$ z ! head+1 is also repeat$ 9 ! title4 #aj ,catalogu+ ,rules3 ,au?or & ,title ,entries4 ,compil$ by ,committees ( ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association & ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,engli% edition1 #aijh4 7,out ( pr9t1 #aiai47 ,,lecky1 ,,william ,,edw>d ,,h>tpole4 ,! ,am]ican ,revolution1 #agfc-hc2 be+ ! *apt]s & passages relat+ to ,am]ica f ! au?or's ,hi/ory ( ,engl& 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 by ,william ,edw>d ,h>tpole ,lecky4 4 4 4 ,arrang$ & edit$1 ) hi/orical & bibliographical notes1 by ,james ,alb]t ,woodburn4 4 4 4 ,add$ entry3 ,woodburn1 ,james ,alb]t4 ,! example w give an idea ( ! g5]al treatm5t ( a book & ( ! use ( punctuation4 ,! ?ree dots h a 8sep>at+0 purpose m]ely4 ,rules t diff] f "s 9 fairly g5]al use are3 #bc1 :i* prescribes t au?ors %all be ent]$ 9 full & 9 _! v]nacul> =m ) c]ta9 exceptions2 #be1 :i* ent]s comp\nd names "u ! fir/ "p ( ! "n & ref]s f ! o!r "p1--?us3 ,burne-,jones1 ,sir ,edw>d1 n ,jones1 ,sir ,edw>d ,burne-2 & 9 p>ticul> #cc1 :i* ent]s a nobleman "u 8 family "n & ref]s f 8 titles1--?us3 ,,?omson1 ,,william1 #a/ b>on ,kelv92 ,,lubbock1 ,,john1 #a/ ,"l ,avebury4 ,au?ors :o h *ang$ _! names are ent]$ "u ! e>lie/ =m1 b ! lat] "n is add$ to ! entry1--?us3 ,,smi?1 ,,hannah1 aft]w>ds ,hesba ,/retton2 & m>ri$ wom5 are treat$ simil>ly4 ,pseudonym\s au?ors are ent]$ "u _! real names :5 !y are kn[n1 ) ref]5ces f ! assum$ names4 ,x w be cle> t1 9 view ( ! impossibility ( pr9t+ ! ,anglo-,am]ican ,code 9 ?is *apt]1 x w be futile to give an alt]native ,code 9 a manual :i* deals ) ! g5]al activities ( ! pr(ession4 ,a brief ,code did appe> 9 ! la/ edition1 :i* 0 practical & simple1 & ref]5ce may be made to t1 b x is /rongly to be sugge/$ t all future catalogues %\ld be accommodat$ to ! ,a4-,a4 ,code 9 ord] t uni=m me?ods ( entry may be p]fect$1 catalogues may become m g5]ally und]/&able1 & a =midable ob/acle to co-op]ative catalogu+ be remov$4 #bfd4 ,bullet9s4--,s9ce ab\t #ahid a numb] ( libr>ies h issu$ p]iodical magaz9es1 or bullet9s1 9 :i* are pr9t$ li/s ( new books1 read+ li/s on special subjects1 notes on ! "w ( ! libr>ies1 & o!r matt] likely to be ( use & int]e/ to libr>y read]s4 ,! fir/ use ( su* a magaz9e is to supply read]s ) a regul> supplem5t>y catalogue ( all book additions2 a second purpose is to publi% notifications ( new rules or alt]ations 9 ! work+ ( ! libr>y2 & a ?ird may be to issue in=mation ab\t ! "w accompli%$ by ! libr>y4 ,! greate/ am\nt ( space1 !re=e1 %\ld be allott$ to ! description ( new books1 & annotations %\ld be suppli$ lib]ally to ! entries :i* require !m4 ,! magaz9e has ! advantage ov] ord9>y supplem5t>y catalogues 9 t x is issu$ regul>ly & frequ5tly2 & x has a valuable purpose 9 supply+ pr9t$ entries by means ( :i* ! c>d or %eaf catalogue c be kept up-to-date effectively4 ,copies ( ! magaz9e c be pr9t$ on ?9 pap] 7pref]ably bank pap]7 on "o side only1 & ! entries c be cut out & m\nt$ on c>ds or slips & ins]t$ 9 ! /&>d catalogue ( ! libr>y1 :atev] =m x may take4 ,emphasis may be laid ^u ! special catalogues or read+ li/s :i* c conv5i5tly be publi%$ by ?is means4 ,a special catalogue is usually a classifi$ li/ ( entries on ! subject *os5 9 ord9>y catalogue =m1 ( :i* sev]al good examples appe> 9 ! ,norwi* ,read]s' ,guide4 ,a read+ li/ has a directive purpose2 x is 9 a mu* fre] =m z a rule1 selects ! be/ books on ! subject1 & indicates ! ord] 9 :i* !y may be read mo/ pr(itably1 ) qualitative & elucidatory notes4 ,examples ( su* li/s appe> 9 sev]al ,am]ican libr>y bullet9s1 & examples readily accessible are ^? 9 ! ,croydon ,read]'s ,index1 a sample f "o ( :i* is subjo9$3 ,,d>w9 ,,& ,,! ,,evolution ,,!ory ,,"p #a4 ,,introductory ,,c\rse4 ,= ^? :o are unable to read v widely 9 ! !ory ! foll[+ are sugge/$1 9 ! ord] giv51 z suffici5t = giv+ an accurate & fairly complete view ( ! "q4 ,saleeby's 8,organic ,evolution10 a simple b int]e/+ intro4 to ! subject ,c#aa #ege ,romanes's 8,sci5tific ,evid5ces ( ,organic ,evolution0 is also a brief /atem5t ( ! prim>y factors ( ! !ory ,,c/ #ege ,clodd's 8,/ory ( ,creation0 is a popul> b m ext5sive /udy ( ! :ole "q ( evolution ,,c/ #ege ,wallace's 8,d>w9ism0 %\ld be read z a direct intro4 to ,d>w9's own works4 ,embraces rese>*es made betwe5 #ahgb & #ahhi1 & answ]s objections2 x is popul> 9 me?od ,,c/ #ege ,d>w9's 8,orig9 ( ,species0 is ! epo*-mak+ "w 9 :i*1 9 #ahei1 he fir/ fully exp\nd$ 8 !ory ( ! mutability ( species ,,c/ #ege ,8 8,desc5t ( ,man10 #ahga1 is an acc\nt ( fur!r exp]im5ts1 & m c>eful 9 /yle ,,ct #ege ,huxley's 8,man's ,place 9 ,nature0 may be read z a suppl4 to ,d>w91 z ! "w ( a brilliant indep5d5t critic ,,c/ #egc ,romanes's 8,d>w9 & aft] ,d>w90 c>ries on ! !ory to #ahij4 #c v4 ,c #ege ,haeckel's 8,evolution ( ,man0 conta9s ! view ( ! !ory ( ! fir/ ( ,g]man biologi/s4 ,pr9cipally a /udy ( embryology4 #b v4 ,c #ege ,weissmann's 8,! ,evolution ,!ory0 is ! late/ re-/atem5t ( ! :ole subject 7#aijd74 ,is popul>1 & conta9s a /udy ( ! au?or's g]m !ory4 #b v4 ,c #egb ,if ! read] is unable to sp>e "t = read+ all ! above1 ,romanes's 8,sci5tific ,evid5ces0 & ,wallace's 8,d>w9ism0 are p]haps ! mo/ useful to ! beg9n]4 #aa ,c ,c5tral1 ,r ,ref]5ce1 ,s ,s\? ,norwood1 & ,t ,?ornton ,hea?1 ! ,libr>ies possess+ copies4 ,,"p #b4 ,a ,,m ,,complete ,,c\rse4 ,,biography4 ,see ,francis ,d>w9's 8,life & ,lett]s ( ,*>les ,d>w940 #c v41 #ahhg ,,cs ,b ,! (ficial life1 by 8 son2 x conta9s an autobiographical c41 & is 8at once a biography1 an autobiography1 & ! hi/ory ( a great idea40 ,& its complem5t1 ,d>w9's 8,m ,lett]s40 #b v4 ,,c/ #ege ,a record ( 8 "w1 9 hi!rto unpubli%$ lett]s4 ,v4 #a deals almo/ entirely ) evolution4 ,see also ! popul> biographies3 ,bettany's 8,life ( ,*>les ,d>w90 9 ! 8,great ,writ]s0 s]4 ,c ,b ,& ,grant ,all5's 8,*>les ,d>w90 9 ! 8,engli% ,wor?ies0 s]4 ,,c/ ,b ,also 8,,memorial ,,notices3 ,,repr9t$ ,,f #8,,nature1'0 #ahhb ,,c/r ,b ,appreciations & criticisms ( 8 "w 9 geology1 botany1 zoology1 psy*ology1 & o!r bran*es ( ?\ght1 by ,huxley1 ,romanes1 ,geikie1 & ,dy]4 ,,works4 #ahci ,d>w9's 8,j\rnal ( ,rese>*es into ! ,natural ,hi/ory & ,geology ( ! ,c\ntries ,visit$ dur+ ! voyage ( ,h4,m4,s4 ,beagle' #ahcb-cf10 #ahhi ,,c/r #ejh4c ,?is v4 & ! two succe$+ ones 7 ! outcome ( a gov]nm5t sci5tific exp$ition r\nd ! _w dur+ :i* ,d4 0 naturali/4 ,! results ( ! voyage 7 consid]$ 8! mo/ important ( rec5t ye>s10 & 8x is impossible to ov]rate ! influ5ce ( ! voyage on ,d4's c>e]4 ,he left ,engl& untri$1 he return$ a practis$ & brilliant geologi/4 ,& above all he came back full ( ! ?\ghts ( evolution40 ,! g5]al appe>ance ( ! additions catalogue z x appe>s 9 ^! bullet9s may be ga!r$ f ! two foll[+ examples3 ,philology4 ,wright1 ,joseph4 ,prim] ( ! ,go?ic ,language3 conta9+ ! ,gospel ( ,/ ,m>k1 selections f ! o!r ,gospels1 & ! ,second ,epi/le to ,timo?y3 ) gramm>1 notes1 & gloss>y4 #ahii4 7,cl>5don ,pr47 ,r #dci ,au?or 0 deputy pr(4 ( comp>ative philology1 ,ox=d ,univ41 & ed4 ( 8,! ,engli% ,dialect ,dict40 7,rq #dbg74 ,bibliog4 ( works on ,go?ic1 #b pp4 #bbe bb #fjfj ,natural ,sci5ce4 ,ellis1 ,david4 ,m$ic9al ,h]bs & ,poison\s ,plants4 ,illus4 #aiah4 7,blackie7 ,,c/ #eha4f ,au?or is ,d4,sc41 ,ph4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,elem5t>y botanical descriptions ( ,briti% plants1 includ+ h]bs import$ or collect$ = ! h]bali/4 ,notes conc]n+ cultivation1 s\rce ( supply1 pres5t & =m] price1 & o!r comm]cial details1 are giv5 ( ! m important ,briti% drug plants4 #fae #bcdi ,g]h>di1 ,c4 ,h4 ,w4 ,electricity ,met]s3 _! con/ruction & managem5t3 a practical manual = c5tral /ation eng9e]s1 di/ribution eng9e]s1 & /ud5ts4 ,illus4 #aiag4 7,b5n7 ,,cr #fba4c ,au?or is *ief ( te/+ dept41 ,metropolitan ,electric ,supply ,co41 ,london4 ,alphabetically arrang$ descriptions1 "u classifi$ heads1 ( ! pr9cipal met]s 9 use to-day4 ,latt] portion ( v4 is devot$ to te/+ arrangem5ts & app>atus1 met] te/+1 fix+1 read+1 clean+ & repair+1 & book-keep+4 #aihdc ,mack5zie1 ,col4 ,j4 ,s4 ,f4 ,wild ,fl[]s1 & ,h[ to ,"n ,!m at a ,glance )\t ,botany4 ,illus4 7,hold57 ,,c/ #ehj ,deals ) "s #cjj ( ! l>g] & m common wild fl[]s1 )\t te*nical t]ms1 & uses id5tification me?ods describ$ z simil> to ^? employ$ by ! police 9 id5tify+ p4 #ccedi ,/anley1 ,w4 ,f4 ,notes on ! ,nebul> ,!ory 9 ,relation to ,/ell>1 ,sol>1 ,planet>y1 ,comet>y1 & ,geological ,ph5om5a4 #ae #bei pp4 #ca ,illus4 #h ins4 #e ins4 #ahie4 7,paul1 ,tr5*1 ,trbn]74 ,,c/r ,s#gj7jaf7 ,au?or 7#ahbi-aijj71 7,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,f4,g4,s41 etc471 sci5tific in/rum5t mak] & educationali/1 0 a ,s\? ,norwood resid5t1 a local ,j4,p41 & f\nd] ( ! ,/anley ,te*nical ,trade ,s*ools1 ,s\? ,norwood4 #ebc4a ,gift f ,mrs ,cu%+ #aihdj ,useful ,arts4 ,j5n+s1 ,a4 ,s4 ,pa9t+ by imm]sion & by compress$ air4 #aiae4 ,ill4 #fih #bbbaf ,a detail$ te*nical treatise on ! me?ods & appliances = 8spray+0 pa9t1 lacqu]1 enamel1 v>ni%1 etc41 & pa9t+ by imm]sion4 ,by ! process ( 8fl[+ on0 x is /at$ t a complete coat ( enamel c be giv5 to ! body ( a f\r-seat$ t\r+ c> 9 two m9utes4 ,jex-,blake1 ,a4 ,j4 ,tub]culosis3 a g5]al acc\nt ( ! disease1 its =ms1 treatm5t1 & prev5tion4 #aiae4 #faf4iie #bbaeh ,kean1 ,f4 ,j4 ,petrol eng9e4 #aiae4 ,diagrams4 #fba4dcd #bbbag ,ea* "p ( ! eng9e is dealt ) 9 a sep>ate *apt]4 ,! two-/roke eng9e receives a *apt] to itself4 ,liquid fuels are v briefly cov]$ 9 f\r pages4 ,! app5dix deals ) eng9e tr\bles1 _! causes & cure4 ,k+sbury1 ,j4 ,e4 ,telephone & telephone ex*anges3 _! inv5tion & developm5t4 #aiae4 ,ill4 #fba4che #bbbjg ,an attempt has be5 made 9 ?is "w s to relate ! inv5tions & developm5ts 9 ! telephone field t ! record may con/itute 9 effect a %ort hi/ory ( ! telephone indu/ry & an expression ( its ma9 pr9ciples4 ,lange1 ,k4 ,r4 ,by-products ( coal-gas manufacture2 trans4 f ! ,g]man4 #aiae4 ,ill4 #ffe4g #bbjcg ,cont5ts3 ,introduction2 ,purification ( coal gas2 ,coke2 ,gas-t>2 ,gas liquor2 ,treatm5t ( ! gas purify+ ag5ts2 ,treatm5t ( cyanog5 sludge2 ,treatm5t ( crude liquors2 ,treatm5t ( ammonium ?iocyanate1 etc4 ,mc,cormick1 ,w4 ,h4 ,electricity4 ,romance ( ,reality ,s]ies4 #aiae4 ,ill4 #fba4c #baheh ,m>t91 ,ge(frey4 ,*lor9e & ,*lor9e products4 ,manuals ( ,*emical ,te*nology ,,iv4 #aiae4 ,ill4 #ffa4c #bbaei ,includes ! manufacture ( blea*+ p[d]1 hypo*lorites1 *lorates1 etc41 ) sections on brom9e1 iod9e1 hydr(luoric acid2 ) a *apt] on 8,rec5t oxidiz+ ag5ts0 by ,g4 ,w4 ,cl\gh4 ,m>t91 ,ge(frey1 & ,b>b\r1 ,william4 ,indu/rial nitrog5 comp\nds & explosives4 ,manuals ( ,*emical ,te*nology ,,iii4 #aiae4 ,ill4 #ffb #bbafj ,a practical treatise on ! manufacture1 prop]ties1 & indu/rial uses ( nitric acid1 nitrates1 ammonia1 ammonium salts1 cyanides1 etc41 includ+ mo/ rec5t mod]n explosives4 ,! co/ ( su* bullet9s v>ies accord+ to /yle1 v>iety ( types us$1 etc41 & r>ely c x be recov]$ f sales4 ,"s bullet9s are :olly or p>tly support$ by adv]tisem5ts1 & :5 ^! are includ$ x is bett] t !y %\ld be on sep>at$ pages at ! beg9n+ & end1 & n1 z is sometimes done1 ins]t$ 9 irritat+ mann] among/ ! libr>y matt]4 #bfe4 ,prep>ation ( ,catalogue ,copy4--,! quicke/ & mo/ economical me?od ( prep>+ catalogue copy = ! pr9t] is to d x z p]fectly z possible1 accord+ to set rules ( typ+ or h&writ+1 punctuation1 type-m>k+1 & revision4 ,irritations innum]able pursue ! libr>ian :o all[s copy to g to ! pr9t] :i* leaves any?+ to ! imag9ation or discretion ( t too (t5 unju/ly abus$ p]son2 pr9t]s' corrections are an al>m+ addition to ! co/ if !y h n be5 anticipat$2 & :at is & :at is n a correction has always be5 a matt] ^u :i* au?or & pr9t] h r>ely se5 eye to eye4 ,if ! copy is fool-pro( & composition-pro( ! *ances ( corrections are r$uc$ to ! m9imum1 al?\gh x is impossible to remove !m entirely4 ,sep>ate entries %\ld be made = ea* book on slips1 ( uni=m size to p]mit ( rapid arrangem5t2 & 9 mo/ cases ! #e 94 #c 94 pap] slips us$ = sugge/ions w s]ve1 al?\gh :]e annotation is us$ to any ext5t ! size is r too small = type- or h&-writt5 entries4 ,on ^! ! entries are made accord+ to ! rules 9 =ce1 & if h&-writt51 !y %\ld be accord+ to a /&>d h&-writ+4 ,! models giv5 7,fig4 #ia7 are ! be/ =ms ( h&-script t h yet be5 devis$1 & e beg9n] 9 catalogu+ %\ld be requir$ to le>n _! use4 ,if ! slip is rul$ horizontally1 ) two v]tical l9es 7a d\ble m>g97 at ! left side ( ! slip1 x w be easi] to regul>ize e entry by comm5c+ ! lead+ ^w or "n at ! fir/ v]tical l9e1 ! title at ! second1 & leav+ a horizontal l9e blank betwe5 ! title & ! annotation4 ,e type di/9ction %\ld be indicat$ accord+ to ! /&>d rules = m>k+ pr9t+ copy 7see ,br[n's ,libr>y ,classification & ,catalogu+1 p4 #bef1 8pr9t]'s corrections10 :i* apply to ! prep>ation ( copy z well z to its correction74 ,f9ally1 all copy %\ld be *eck$ microscopically be=e x is s5t to ! pr9t]1 ev5 if x has be5 writt5 by ! libr>ian himself or by ! *ief catalogu]4 ,! slips %\ld be arrang$ 9 ord] & numb]$1 or !y may be m\nt$ on %eets ( pap] 9 columns ( ab\t t5 or tw5ty1 9 ord] to prev5t loss4 ,two pro(s at lea/ %\ld be requir$ f ! pr9t]1 ! fir/ 9 slip1 or galley1 =m1 ! second 9 page =m2 x is bett] to h ?ree pro(s1 especially if ! catalogue has elaborate type di/9ctions1 employs _m abbreviations1 etc4 ,moreov]1 ! mo/ m9ute read+ ( pro(s is necess>y4 ,x is really wond]ful to :at an ext5t errors creep into pro(s1 & ! practice ( ! pr9t]'s read] :o w5t ov] e page ( pro( h[ev] p]fect until he did f9d an error1 al?\gh x is a c\nsel ( p]fection1 is sugge/ive ( :at may be expect$ f ! read] ( catalogue pro(s4 ,a ,b ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,i ,j ,k ,l ,m ,n ,o ,p ,q ,r ,s ,t ,u ,v ,w ,x ,y ,z a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z #a #b #c #d #e #f #g #h #i #j ,,fig4 #ia4--;,h&-,pr9t+ = ,catalogues 7,section #bfe74 #bff4 ,pr9t+ ,specifications4--,h9ts on pr9t+ specifications relat+ to catalogues c be ga9$ f ,philip's ,! ,production ( ! ,pr9t$ ,catalogue & f ,qu9n's ,libr>y ,catalogu+1 b ! specifications !re giv5 mu/ be adju/$ to ! special k9d ( catalogue propos$4 ,an excell5t practical me?od ( obta9+ e/imates ( co/ is to h specim5 pages pr9t$ ( ! body ( ! catalogue & ! indexes1 exactly ( ! requir$ model1 spac$ out ) ! numb] ( l9es p] page4 ,if ! manuscript copy is n ready1 e/imates c be obta9$ f ! pr9t]s p] page1 accord+ to ! specim5 pages1 & ?is is a fair way ( t5d]+4 ,if ! copy is ready1 e/imates %\ld be obta9$ = ! :ole job1 includ+ cov]s1 9 ! /yle ( ! specim5 pages4 ,a pr9t] c soon tell h[ mu* pr9t a manuscript w run to1 especially if ! copy has be5 prep>$ 9 a uni=m mann]1 ) t5 or twelve slips m\nt$ on ! folio4 ,a cle> und]/&+ z to paym5t = corrections & additions to pro( %\ld be rea*$ be=e ! t5d] is accept$4 #bfg4 ,co-op]ative ,catalogu+4--,ef=ts h be5 made f "t to "t to obviate ! duplicat+ ( catalogu+ "w t occurs all ov] ! c\ntry1 & 9 e c\ntry1 & brief ref]5ce %\ld be made to ^!4 ,! pr9cipal is ! ,libr>y ( ,congress c>d-di/ribution sy/em1 to :i* detail$ ref]5ce has be5 made4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 v>i\s attempts h be5 made1 b *iefly 9 ! =m ( annotat$ & classifi$ li/s ( new books1 :i* x 0 expect$ t libr>ies w\ld transf] to _! own catalogues4 ,su* li/s 7 issu$ 9 ,! ,libr>y ,_w 9 #aija1 b 7 discont9u$ = lack ( support4 ,lat] ! ,libr>y ,association issu$ su* li/s 9 ,! ,libr>y ,association ,record1 b 9 rec5t ye>s ?is "w1 :i* is /ill done by memb]s ( ! ,association1 is publi%$ 9 ! =m ( weekly li/s 9 /rict catalogue =m 7,decimal classifi$1 & annotat$7 9 ,! ,a!num2 & ,! ,libr>ian & ,book ,selector publi%es mon?ly annotat$ li/s :i* are classifi$ by bo? ! ,decimal & ,subject classifications4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ,! ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,book-,li/1 ,! ,wiscons9 ,libr>y ,bullet91 & ,! ,ont>io ,libr>y ,review all provide simil> li/s4 ,any ( ! entries 9 all ( ^! is suitable = cutt+ out & m\nt+ on c>ds or slips = ins]tion 9 exi/+ catalogues4 ,o!r k9ds ( catalogue co-op]ation are ^? 9 :i* m ?an "o libr>y has jo9$ 9 ! issue ( a catalogue to cov] ! /ock ( all 9 c]ta9 subjects4 ,a small example 0 ! ,union ,class-,li/ ( ! ,libr>ies ( ! ,libr>y & ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association1 #aiac2 & l>g] examples are ! ,classifi$ ,catalogue on ,ar*itecture1 etc41 9 ! ,pr9cipal ,libr>ies ( ,man*e/] & ,sal=d1 #aiji1 :i* 0 edit$ by ,h5ry ,guppy & ,gu?rie ,v9e = ! ,jo9t ,ar*itectural ,committee ( ,man*e/]2 & ! ,newca/le ,classical ,catalogue1 #aiab1 :i* conta9s c]ta9 p]iodicals & books 9 ! ,arm/rong ,college ,libr>y1 z well z ^? 9 ! ,public ,libr>ies4 ,! mo/ rec5t examples are s]ies ( class-li/s on important subjects su* z ,int]nal ,combu/ion ,eng9es & ,a]onautics1 bo? #aiah1 issu$ by ! ,committee on ,jo9t-,te*nical ,catalogues1 ,glasg[1 :i* br+ toge!r titles f ! libr>ies ( eighte5 in/itutions 9 t city1 indicat+ ! location ( ! v>i\s books by abbreviations add$ to ! entries1 z3 ,cassi]'s ,eng9e]+ ,mon?ly4 ,e4 ,kp4 ,l4 ,ml4 ,p4 ,pp4 ,s4 ,/4 ,u4 ,_m s*emes = a national c5tral co-op]ative catalogue h be5 drawn up1 & lie buri$ 9 ! pages ( libr>y p]iodicals1 until "s future "t :5 ! b5efits ( su* "w w be realiz$ & recogniz$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,,*apt] ,,xix ,,me*anical ,,me?ods ,,( ,,display+ ,,catalogues #bfh4 ,we h dealt already ) =ms ( catalogue to "s ext5t1 b ! five *ief me?ods ( display+ manuscript catalogues m]it a m detail$ consid]ation & illu/ration4 ,x is ne$less to attempt to describe e device :i* has be5 introduc$ = ! purpose ( display+ catalogues & provid+ = additions & expansion1 & we %all limit our selection to ^? :i* are be/ kn[n1 mo/ effective or mo/ us$4 ,! five *ief me?ods are ! ,page1 ,c>d1 ,%eaf1 ,plac>d & ,panoramic1 a nom5clature sugge/$ 9 an article :i* appe>$ 9 #ahic 9 ! ,libr>y1 pp4 #de-ff4 #bfi4 ,page ,catalogues4--,! mo/ elem5t>y =m ( ! page catalogue is ! ord9>y manuscript book1 ) /epp$ ?umb-index or simple alphabetical division ( ! leaves1 s _m be+ all[$ = ea* lett] ( ! alphabet4 ,?is is an unsuitable v>iety = a public libr>y1 & %\ld n be us$ = catalogu+ purposes4 ,! ,briti% ,museum public catalogue consi/s ( l>ge gu>d books1 9 :i* pr9t$ or manuscript slips ( book entries are m\nt$ on ! t\gh c>tridge pap] leaves1 s z to leave space = additions4 ,:5 a page becomes conge/$1 ! slips c be lift$ by means ( a pap]-knife1 z !y are secur$ only at ! ends1 ano!r leaf c be ins]t$ on ! adjo9+ gu>d1 & ! old & additional slips c be r$i/ribut$ ov] ! :ole ( ! newly creat$ space4 ,?is catalogue repres5ts b "o alphabet1 or copy ( ! catalogue1 9 "s hundr$s ( volumes1 & ea* volume only holds a small portion ( ! alphabet1 z f ,bal to ,bec4 ,"o copy ( ! catalogue ?us s]ves _m read]s at "o "t4 ,by di/ribut+ ! entries ov] a numb] ( volumes1 conge/ion is less likely to occur ?an 9 catalogues complete 9 !mselves 9 "o or two volumes4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ib4--;,catalogue ,%elves1 ,briti% ,museum 7,section #bfi74 ,a v>iation ( ?is sy/em ( gu>d book is to be se5 9 "s public libr>ies :]e ! :ole ( ! catalogue is m\nt$ 9 "o volume4 ,a numb] ( copies ( ?is /yle ( page catalogue mu/ be provid$ to meet public ne$s1 & x is1 on ! :ole1 a less s]viceable & mu* m exp5sive =m ?an ! catalogue on simil> l9es spread ov] a numb] ( volumes4 ,a good example ( ?is k9d ( page catalogue is to be se5 9 ! ,mit*ell ,libr>y1 ,glasg[1 :]e x exi/s 9 ! =m ( huge gu>d books display$ on special /&s4 #bgj4 ,to ov]come ! difficulty ( ins]t+ additional leaves at pleasure 9 page catalogues1 v>i\s k9ds ( adju/able albums1 ) movable leaves1 h be5 introduc$4 ,at ! ,biblio?que ,nationale1 9 ,p>is1 & else:]e a catalogue is us$ consi/+ ( ?ick1 h+$ leaves1 pun*$ at ! back & lac$ into ! bo>ds1 or secur$ by means ( a screw fa/5+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ic4--;,adju/able ,screw ,b9d] 7,section #bga74 #bga4 ,ano!r v>iety ( ?is ,fr5* b9d] design$ to secure adju/ability ( leaves is t %[n bel[ 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #ic71 :]e9 ! leaves are clamp$ by ! pressure ( two wood5 slats1 :i* are drawn toge!r by means ( two or m endless screws turn$ by a key4 ,= ?is k9d ( b9d] x is necess>y to not* ! leaves to correspond ) ! screws4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! %eaf b9d]s 7,section #bhb7 c also be appli$ to page catalogues1 & v successful page books h be5 made up f ! =m illu/rat$ 9 ,sections #bhf-hg4 ,! mo/ rec5t me?ods ( loose-leaf l$g]s h also great possibilities = catalogues1 & are probably to be pref]r$ to any book manuscript type o!r ?an ! %eaf4 ,! :ole ( ! devices j describ$ are s arrang$ t leaves c be ins]t$1 to a m or less limit$ ext5t1 at any po9t4 ,! ,briti% ,museum type does n provide = unlimit$ additions1 nor = any subsequ5t division ( volumes1 )\t mu* tr\ble & reb9d+4 ,! ,fr5* & o!r adju/able leav$ b9d]s d all[ = unlimit$ ins]tions1 subject to ! condition t ! matt] m\nt$ on ! pages mu/ be r$i/ribut$4 ,9 an adju/able book new leaves c be ins]t$ at any place till ! volume is full1 & !n ! cont5ts may be divid$ & two books us$1 ?is subdivision & spread+ be+ cont9u$ z ! entries increase 9 numb]4 #bgb4 ,a =m ( page catalogue comb9+ ! p[]s ( ins]t+ new leaves at any po9t1 & mov+ s+le entries ab\t )\t hav+ to pa/e !m d[n or lift !m up1 is call$ ! ,rudolph ,index]4 ,x consi/s 9 its book =m ( ?ick c>dbo>d leaves1 to :i* metal flanges are secur$1 d[n ea* m>g94 ,ea* leaf is provid$ ) a d\ble-h+$ fa/5+1 :i* enables x to be hook$ on to any adjo9+ leaf1 s z to =m a volume ( any desir$ ?ickness1 to :i* a pair ( cov]s c be atta*$4 ,! catalogue entries are writt5 or pr9t$ on n>r[ c>ds1 & ^! are slipp$ "u ! flanges1 :i* secure !m by ei!r end4 ,fig4 #id %[s at a glance ! appe>ance ( ?is =m ( page catalogue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #id4--,rudolph ,index] ,book 7,section #bgb74 #bgc4 ,!re are c]ta9 advantages claim$ = page catalogues :i* may be enum]at$ "h4 ,! *ief is t a l>ge gr\p ( entries c be scann$ ) "o sweep ( ! eye1 !reby facilitat+ ! rapid f9d+ ( any p>ticul> entry4 ,ano!r is t1 be+ 9 book =m1 x is m easily manipulat$ ?an o!r =ms ( catalogue4 ,its comp>ative *eapness is sometimes put =w>d z an advantage ov] o!r =ms1 p>ticul>ly c>ds1 b on ?is po9t x is n wise to assume *eapness :]e s mu* "t & lab\r are necess>ily involv$4 ,z reg>ds ! claim to rapidity 9 turn+ up entries because a :ole page is expos$ at a "t1 !re are consid]able d\bts z to its s\ndness4 ,g5]al exp]i5ce ( su* catalogues z ! ,briti% ,museum is t1 ow+ to ! numb] ( entries1 ! occasional conge/ions & disord]s :]e d\ble columns ( entries exi/1 x is m difficult to f9d a giv5 entry ?an 9 ! case ( c>ds or slips prop]ly guid$ & 9 accurate alphabetical ord]4 ,?is po9t may be fur!r illu/rat$ by ! case ( m5 or wom5 :o are n adepts at us+ alphabetical li/s1 & :o turn up a p>ticul> ^w 9 a diction>y ) mu* difficulty & loss ( "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ie4--;,c>d ,catalogue ,cab9et ) ,slid+ ,ext5sion ,runn]s 7,section #bge74 #bgd4 ,c>d ,catalogues4--,! c>d-index is ! inv5tion ( libr>ians1 & is p]haps ! mo/ important contribution to me?od t comm]ce owes to !m4 ,c>ds = libr>y catalogu+ purposes 7 us$ 9 ,france 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury2 !y 7 us$ 9 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 e>ly 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury2 & 9 #aheb !y 7 introduc$ into ! ,bank ( ,engl& = comm]cial index+4 ,! plan ( keep+ c>ds or slips on edge 9 boxes or draw]s loosely1 !reby giv+ unlimit$ means ( expansion & int]calation1 mu/ h occurr$ to _m m9ds z ! be/ means ( ma9ta9+ p]petual alphabetical ord]4 ,s+le c>ds n atta*$ 9 any way1 save tempor>ily1 possess unlimit$ p[]s ( movability1 & c be arrang$ 9 any k9d ( ord] :5 assembl$ 9 numb]s1 because ea* c>d c be tak5 away or mov$ ab\t or fre% c>ds add$ at any po9t 9 a s]ies1 )\t upsett+ any adjo9+ c>d1 or int]rupt+ alphabetical ord]4 ,! c>ds1 :5 arrang$ 9 alphabetical ord]1 are sep>at$ into small divisions by means ( project+ guides1 on :i* are pr9t$ subject or au?or or o!r words or class numb]s1 :i* s]ve ! same purpose z ! runn+ cat*-words ( a diction>y1 only !y are mu* m effective1 because m conspicu\s4 ,!y are secur$ by means ( a rod :i* passes ?r\gh holes pun*$ 9 ! l[] "p ( ! c>ds1 & ! rod is ei!r lock$ or screw$ into ! back or front ( ! draw]4 #bge4 ,! usual plan is to /ore ! c>ds 9 ! draw]s ( a cab9et1 m>k+ ! cont5ts ( ea* draw] pla9ly on ! outside4 ,fig4 #ie is an illu/ration ( a c>d cab9et1 %[+ ! usual guides & slid+ runn]s to enable ! :ole ext5t ( a draw] to be pull$ free ( ! cab9et = purposes ( exam9ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #if4--;,cab9et ( ,c>d ,trays 7,section #bgf74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ig4--,sideless ,c>d ,catalogue ,tray 7,section #bgf74 #bgf4 ,ano!r =m1 :i* is illu/rat$ above 7,fig4 #if71 %[s v>i\s improvem5ts1 includ+ an adju/able angle-block1 = support+ ! c>ds at a suitable angle = easy consultation3 ?is c be screw$ up tight at any po9t 9 a draw]1 s z to hold a small] or l>g] numb] ( c>ds 9 place2 a special =m ( rod on :i* ! c>ds are /rung or fil$1 easily removable1 b /ill capable ( safegu>d+ !m aga9/ misuse or misplacem5t2 a special automatic cat* at ! front ( ! draw] to prev5t x be+ pull$ out accid5tally1 b :i* does n prev5t any draw] f be+ tak5 away f ! cab9et if requir$4 ,ano!r important improvem5t introduc$ 9 #aijb 0 ! modification 9 ! sides ( trays1 :]eby ! woodwork 0 cut d[n s z to light5 ! tray & enable ! c>ds to be h&l$ f ! sides z well z ! top4 ,?is v>iety is kn[n z ! 8,sideless ,tray0 7,fig4 #ig74 #bgg4 ,! c>d catalogue 9 cab9ets ( fix$ draw]s is n1 9 "s ways1 su* an effective arrangem5t z deta*able trays or draw]s /or$ 9 a suitable rack or cab9et4 ,! fix$-draw] plan has v>i\s disadvantages1 *ief among :i* is ! s]i\s "o t a s+le p]son consult+ a cab9et may monopolize f #fjjj to #aj1jjj entries1 accord+ to ! numb] ( draw]s =m+ a ti]4 ,:]e !re are f\r to six draw]s 9 a ti] x is impossible to adju/ !m s t bo? tall & %ort p]sons w f9d !m equally accessible2 & only a few p]sons c use ! catalogue at "o "t1 z two p]sons w practically cov] up ?ree ti]s1 ?us 9 "s cases cutt+ (f f o!r us]s at lea/ #bj1jjj or m entries4 ,!re is also ! difficulty ( fill+ up application =ms = books1 z no prop] writ+ surfaces are available1 al?\gh "s mod]n cab9ets h a horizontal %elf :i* slides 9 & out z requir$ f ! c5tre or f b5ea? ! cab9et1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ie4 ,9 addition !re is ! difficulty ( obta9+ a good light on ! l[] draw]s1 & ! l>ge am\nt ( space occupi$ by a l>ge cab9et4 ,to meet ^! difficulties c>d cab9ets %\ld be plac$ mo/ c>efully s t ! p]son ( av]age height c consult all draw]s )\t tr\ble2 & ! ext5sion %elf j m5tion$ %\ld be provid$2 or1 ! cab9ets %\ld /& ^u a table ! top ( :i* projects 9 front ( !m suffici5tly to p]mit ( draw]s )drawn f ! cab9et be+ plac$ ^u !m4 ,?is %elf or table provides ! desir$ writ+ surface2 & small pap] note-blocks on :i* read]s c note catalogue p>ticul>s are "p ( ! table equipm5t4 ,:5 pr9t$ entries are m\nt$ on blank c>ds1 x is advisable to 8gu>d0 !m1 9 ord] to balance ! additional ?ickness ( ! upp] "p1 :i* causes bulg+1 by prick+ ! fronts ( ! c>ds1 or emboss+ !m by means ( a blunt awl1 ?us3 ,emboss$ ,hole ,emboss$ d5t d5t ---------------------------------------- ------ ,a simil> result may be obta9$ by pa/+ /rips ( pap] ( simil> quality to t on :i* ! pr9t$ entries are m\nt$ on ! l[] "p ( ! back ( ! c>d4 #bgh4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( trays1 describ$ & figur$ bel[1 are int5d$ to replace ! 8cab9et0 sy/em2 b x is cle> t if e draw] is easily deta*$ f a cab9et & if suitable table space is available _! advantages are m !oretical ?an real4 ,a good =m1 :i* is well safegu>d$ & n too heavy or clumsy1 w be f\nd 9 a tray :i* is provid$ ) all necess>y accessories 9 ! =m ( lock+-rod1 guides1 adju/able angle-block1 outside label-hold]1 & felt pads to prev5t x f scrat*+ table-tops or o!r furniture4 ,?is k9d ( tray c be kept 9 racks ( a conv5i5t size1 & us]s c remove x to a table = consultation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ih4--;,c>ds = ,bonnange ,catalogue ,trays 7,section #bgi74 #bgi4 ,a ,fr5* =m ( c>d-catalogue tray 0 inv5t$ by ,mr ,f4 ,bonnange1 ( ,p>is1 9 #ahff1 & improv$ 9 #ahgd4 ,9 ?is1 ! me?od ( secur+ ! c>d diff]s f ! rod ?read+ ?r\gh p]=ations1 z 9 ,engli% & ,am]ican models4 ,! c>ds are h+$1 & h %\ld]s =m$ 9 ! slightly ?ick] l[] portion1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #ih71 :i* is also slott$ to cle> ! fa/5+4 ,! h+$ c>ds %\ld] into side grooves =m$ 9 ! wood5 trays1 & ! slott$ portion is plac$ a/ride a p[]ful endless screw1 :i* trav]ses ! tray f end to end1 & c>ries a suitable block :i* acts z a travell+ clamp4 ,! screw is work$ by means ( a key1 & :5 turn$ to ! "r ! block travels =w>d along ! screw till ! c>ds are all firmly clamp$ betwe5 x & ! end ( ! tray2 :5 turn$ to ! left ! block travels back & s releases ! c>ds to enable ins]tions to be made4 ,! upp] portion ( ! c>ds be+ h+$1 & consequ5tly free ( ! block1 are n clamp$1 & c be turn$ ov] readily = purposes ( consultation4 ,guides1 alphabetical or num]ical1 may be ins]t$ ei!r above or at ei!r side ( ! c>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ii4--;,bonnange ,c>d ,catalogue ,trays 7,section #bgi74 #bhj4 ,an ,italian c>d tray on a some:at simil> pr9ciple to ?is 0 inv5t$ by ,mr ,a4 ,/ad]9i1 ( ,rome1 9 #ahij4 ,x diff]s f ! ,bonnange tray 9 hav+ a slid+-block ge>+ ) a rat*et :i* is fa/5$ along ! bottom & made to engage or dis5gage ) a key4 ,! c>ds are simil> 9 pr9ciple to ^? ( ! ,bonnange sy/em1 save t ! l[] h+$ half is n slott$4 ,! illu/ration 7,fig4 #ajj7 w expla9 bett] ?an words ! appe>ance & o!r accessories ( ?is tray4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajj4--,/ad]9i ,c>d ,trays & ,h+$ ,c>d 7,section #bhj74 ,bo? ! ,bonnange & ,/ad]9i me?ods %>e 9 common an advantage ( "s importance1 viz41 ! clamp$ l[] portion ( ! c>d =ms a c\nt]foil to %[ :at has be5 tak51 %\ld a c>d by accid5t or design be remov$ or torn (f4 ,! accession numb] or brief title ( ! book c be writt5 on ! clamp$ portion ( ! c>d1 & s w safegu>d aga9/ loss & imp]fections4 ,?is is an advantage n possess$ by any ( ! ord9>y c>d me?ods1 because :5 c>ds are torn f ! rods !y leave no trace1 & become lo/ = ev]1 leav+ x v problematical :e!r a catalogue is p]fect or n4 #bha4 ,a c>d catalogue on a some:at simil> pr9ciple to ! ,fr5* & ,italian =ms j describ$ is kn[n z ! ,duplex ,c>d ,catalogue1 & 0 inv5t$ 9 ,engl& to enable bo? sides ( ! c>ds to be us$1 !reby consid]ably enl>g+ ! capacity ( ! catalogue1 :ile mat]ially r$uc+ its bulk4 ,x is fitt$ ) fall+ ends :i* act z angle-blocks2 a travell+ angle-block c be adju/$ & lock$ at any po9t2 a lock+-rod = ?read+ ! c>ds ^u 9 ord] to secure !m2 & xylonite label-hold]s4 ,! c>ds are l>g] ?an ord9>y catalogue c>ds1 & in/ead ( be+ h+$ are simply creas$ at a %ort di/ance above ! rod holes4 ,?is gives a slight bulge & enables ! c>ds to h ! necess>y play4 ,! trays are held l5g?ways 9 a position p>allel to ! body1 in/ead ( at "r angles z 9 ! case ( ord9>y trays1 & ! c>ds or leaves are simply turn$ ov] l ^? ( a book4 ,an ext5d$1 illu/rat$ /udy ( ! :ole ( c>d-catalogu+ me?odology is ,say]s & ,/ew>t's ,! ,c>d ,catalogue4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aja4--;,duplex ,c>d ,catalogue 7,section #bha74 #bhb4 ,%eaf ,catalogues4--,! %eaf catalogue is n s widely us$ z ! c>d sy/em 9 ,brita91 b1 z we h %[n1 x has exactly ! same advantages z reg>ds ! p[] ( expansion & int]calation4 ,x aims at comb9+ ! advantages ( bo? book & c>d catalogues1 by divid+ ! catalogue into h&y sections s t ! maximum numb] ( read]s c consult x at "o "t2 provid+ means = cont9u\s expansion 9 alphabetical ord]2 safegu>d+ ! cont5ts ( sections2 r$uc+ ! am\nt ( /orage space occupi$2 & enabl+ us]s to h&le & turn ov] ! catalogue l ! leaves ( an ord9>y book4 ,! introduction ( ord9>y pap] slips1 :i* c be us$ 9 any typewrit]1 :i* c be easily /or$ 9 v>i\s =ms ( b9d]s 9 book =m1 & :i* c be add$ to 9 manuscript )\t undo+ ! hold]1 is a real economy 9 libr>y adm9i/ration :i* has n receiv$ ! att5tion x des]ves4 ,:ile #ajjj entries 9 a c>d catalogue w occupy f #gej to #hdj cubic in*es ( space1 ! %eaf-hold]s mo/ 9 use w n take up m ?an fifty-six cubic in*es ( space = ! same numb] ( entries4 ,! writ+ surfaces are also mu* l>g]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajb4--,leyd5 ,slip ,hold] 7,section #bhc74 #bhc4 ,! slip catalogue kn[n z ! ,leyd51 f its fir/ use 9 ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y ( ,leyd51 9 ,holl&1 9 #ahga1 consi/s ( bundles ( slips1 not*$ z %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7,fig4 #ajb71 & secur$ by means ( cord or catgut4 ,! out] bo>ds are h+$1 & not*$ to correspond ) ! slips1 & ! cord is ti$ firmly r\nd ! volume & into ! slots1 s z to b9d ! :ole4 ,^! ,leyd5 hold]s are only adapt$ = private or /aff use1 & mu/ be kept 9 v ?9 sections1 z ! volumes get m loose & insecure ! ?ick] !y are made4 ,z a means ( hold+ any k9d ( tempor>y slip1 ?is is1 h[ev]1 a useful device4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajc4--,volume ( ,/ad]9i ,%eaf ,catalogue 7,section #bhd74 #bhd4 ,a mu* m me*anically p]fect slip catalogue-hold] is ! screw-b9d] inv5t$ by ,mr ,a4 ,/ad]9i1 ( ,rome4 ,x comprises a fix$ back & bo>ds1 to :i* two iron screw-bolts are atta*$4 ,on ^! ! slips1 :i* are p]=at$ to correspond ) ! bolts1 are ?read$1 & ! books are secur$ by means ( brass screw-caps :i* fa/5 ! bo>ds to ! bolts1 & s make ! volume rigid & ! slips secure4 ,^! volumes are numb]$ & kept 9 pigeon-holes1 :i* be> ! volume numb]s & lett]s d5ot+ ! section ( ! alphabet conta9$ 9 ea* %eaf 7,figs4 #ajc-ajd74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajd4--,/ad]9i ,%eaf ,catalogue 9 ! ,victor ,emmanuel ,libr>y1 ,rome 7,section #bhd74 #bhe4 ,a 8%eaf0-hold] on exactly ! same pr9ciple1 b ) a diff]5t & neat] fa/5+1 0 inv5t$ 9 #ahia by ,mrs ,sacconi-,ricci1 ( ,flor5ce4 ,?is hold] also fits into numb]$ pigeon-holes1 & consi/s ( p]=at$ slips ?read$ on to two upright rods1 :i* are kept 9 place by means ( a slid+ b> :i*1 :5 screw$ into place1 locks ! slips & bo>ds into "o compact volume 7,fig4 #aje74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aje4--,sacconi ,%eaf ,catalogue 7,section #bhe74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajf4--;,adju/able ,%eaf ,catalogue1 ,clamp ,fa/5+ 7,section #bhf74 #bhf4 ,! mo/ us$ & olde/ ( ! ,briti% %eaf catalogues is ! 8,adju/able ,catalogue-,hold]10 :i* 0 inv5t$ ab\t #ahib4 ,?is has a flexible lea!r back1 & ! slips are b\nd & unb\nd by ! contract+ & exp&+ action ( two cyl9drical screws1 turn$ by means ( a metal key4 ,x is n necess>y1 z 9 ! case ( all o!r %eaf-hold]s1 to undo ?is "o 9 ord] to remove ! slips :5 additions are be+ made1 ! loos5+ ( ! screws be+ all t is necess>y4 ,! slips are pun*$ at ! back edge ) bayonet-%ap$ or key$ slots1 :i* give suffici5t hold+ p[] :5 ! screws are tight5$ to clamp ! bo>ds & slips into "o solid & firm volume4 ,! book numb]s1 if writt5 on ! clamp$ portion ( ! slips1 w rema9 9 ! %eaf if entries %\ld be wilfully torn out1 & no catalogue c\ld be r5d]$ imp]fect )\t ! k ( ! libr>ian4 ,xylonite label-hold]s are atta*$ to ! back ( ?is =m ( %eaf1 :i* enable cont5ts labels to be *ang$ at w1 )\t pa/+ or damag+ ! back4 ,a rack or pigeon-holes c be provid$ 9 :i* to /ore ^! %eafs 9 numb]$1 alphabetical or class ord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajg4--;,adju/able ,%eaf ,catalogue1 ,op5 = ,consultation 7,section #bhg74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ajh4--;,adju/able ,%eaf ,catalogue1 ,op5 = mak+ ,additions ) ,cradle & ,key 7,section #bhg74 #bhg4 ,! mo/ rec5t =m ( catalogue %eaf is t illu/rat$ 9 ,figs4 #ajg-h4 ,x diff]s f ! adju/able 9 hav+ a rigid back1 & b "o screw4 ,9 o!r respects x is p]haps easi] to manipulate ?an ! b9d]s j describ$4 ,! hold] consi/s ( a /rong wood5 back to :i* two /\t cov]s are atta*$ by means ( h+es1 specially design$ to gu>d aga9/ injury to ! cov]s4 ,)9 ! hold] a special =m ( brass screw-fitt+ is m\nt$1 ^u :i* ! slips are ?read$1 s t :5 ! cov]s are clos$ ! :ole %eaf is firmly secur$ by means ( a special screw4 ,a few turns ( ! key suffices to lock or op5 ! hold]4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,oliphant 7,mrs47 ,adam ,graeme4 ,fiction ,c\ntry g5tleman4 ,fiction ,curate 9 *>ge4 ,fiction ,h>ry ,joscelyn4 ,fiction ,h\se 9 ,bloomsbury4 ,fiction ,kir/e54 ,fiction ,,ov] ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,fig4 #aji4--;,front ( ,%eaf ,catalogue ,au?or ,slip 7,section #bhh74 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,oliphant 7,mrs47 ,laird ( ,norlaw4 ,fiction ,p]petual curate4 ,fiction ,he/]4 ,fiction ,,ov] ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,fig4 #aaj4--,rev]se ( ,%eaf ,catalogue ,au?or ,slip 7,section #bhh74 #bhh4 ,a v good way ( ma9ta9+ a %eaf catalogue = public use1 especially 9 op5 access libr>ies1 is to provide a %eaf or %eaves = ea* class ( lit]ature1 & to ent] ! books 9 class ord]1 us+ bo? sides ( ! slips = entries ( small topics4 ,^! %eaves c be kept on ! %elves ) _! classes4 ,to ?is an au?or & title index c be provid$ 9 "o alphabet1 ea* au?or be+ kept on "o slip or m1 & bo? sides ( ! slips be+ us$ to ensure economy ( space1 & enable read]s to f9d at once any p>ticul> book4 ,?us1 on ! front ( ! slip an au?or entry might appe> z 9 ,fig4 #aji1 :ile on ! back1 or rev]se side1 ! titles w\ld be cont9u$ z on ,fig4 #aaj4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,old ,old c\rt suburb1 by ,hunt ,u#ijf ,old curiosity %op1 by ,dick5s ,fiction ,old dom9ion1 by ,john/on ,fiction ,old ,mortality1 by ,scott ,fiction ,old _w 9 its new face1 by ,bell[s ,q#jcg & s on ,,ov] ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,fig4 #aaa4--,%eaf ,catalogue ,title ,slip 7,section #bhh74 ,! matt] ( /rict alphabetical ord] 9 su* index slips is ( little consequ5ce1 ow+ to ! conc5tration ( entries :i* enables a consultor to note ! cont5ts ) "o sweep ( ! eye4 ,title entries c be done 9 simil> fa%ion1 ! lead+ ^w be+ us$ z ! index or cat*-head+1 z 9 ,fig4 #aaa4 ,"h1 aga91 /rict alphabetical ord] ne$ n be ma9ta9$1 ow+ to ! comp>atively small compass 9 :i* ! entries are display$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,f#jjj4c ,zoology ,p>k] 7,t4,j47 & ,w4,a4 ,haswell4 ,text-book ( zoology4 #aijc4 ,h]twig 7,r47 ,g5]al pr9ciples ( zoology4 #aijf4 ,claus 7,c47 ,elem5t>y text-book ( zoology4 #ahii4 ,ni*olson 7,h4,a47 ,manual ( zoology4 #ahgf4 ,,ov] ---------------------------------------- ------------------------- ,,fig4 #aab4--,%eaf ,catalogue ,subject ,slip 7,section #bhh74 ,! classifi$ %eaves c be kept 9 ! same mann]1 or1 if x is felt t a sep>ate slip %\ld be writt5 = ea* book1 to ensure /rict ord]1 ?is ( c\rse c be done4 ,b x is at be/ d\btful if ?is is necess>y save 9 v l>ge subjects4 ,= example1 entries l ! above are q easily discov]$ 7,fig4 #aab74 ,:]e annotations on a l>ge scale are employ$1 x is be/ to make use ( a sep>ate slip = ea* entry4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aac4--;,adju/able ,plac>d ,catalogue 7,section #bhi74 ,9 all k9ds ( %eaf catalogues a fair m>g9 %\ld be all[$ r\nd ! entries1 to pres]ve !m aga9/ f+]-m>ks4 ,! slips are pun*$ s z to secure absolute uni=mity 9 size & 9 ! position ( ! holes4 ,! hole be+ made 9 an oval =m all[s ! slips to be easily ?read$ on1 or remov$ f ! screw-fitt+4 ,! special con/ruction ( ! hold]s prev5ts ! slips f sagg+ or droop+ at _! free ends1 a fault obs]vable 9 bo? ! ,/ad]9i & ,sacconi =ms4 ,x is usual to 8guide0 all =ms ( %eaf or slip catalogues1 by boldly writ+ cat*words on bo? out] corn]s ( ea* leaf 7see ,figs4 #aji-aj1 #aab71 & indicat+ ! cont5ts by means ( ! xylonite label-hold]s on ! backs4 ,! :ole subject ( %eaf-catalogu+ me?odology is expla9$ & illu/rat$ 9 ,/ew>t's ,! ,%eaf ,catalogue4 #bhi4 ,plac>d ,catalogues4--,! mo/ ord9>y =m ( plac>d catalogue is a manuscript or pr9t$ li/ ( books on a l>ge %eet or %eets1 :i* is fram$ & hung on ! wall :]e read]s c see x4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( ^! fram$ li/s1 :i* are us$ *iefly = li/s ( additions4 ,a =m giv+ ! p[] ( mov+ s+le entries has be5 devis$ 9 ,engl& :i* is bett] ?an any?+ else usually se54 ,?is consi/s ( a frame ) a movable back1 on :i* v]tical xylonite slips are fa/5$ 9 su* a way z to =m long columns ) flang$ sides4 ,"u ! flanges c be slipp$ pieces ( c>dbo>d ! wid? ( ! columns1 :i* slide up & d[n 9 ! l5g? ( ! column z requir$4 ,! titles ( new books c be writt5 on ^! c>ds & arrang$ 9 any ord]4 ,if blank c>ds are left betwe5 e lett] ( ! alphabet or e class1 additional entries c be add$ at any mom5t4 ,if sev]al frames are us$1 "s hundr$s ( new books c be catalogu$1 & :5 full ! entries c be transf]r$ to ! pr9t$ bullet91 or o!rwise utiliz$1 to free ! frames = fur!r additions4 ,! illu/ration giv5 above w %[ ! nature ( ?is adju/able accessions catalogue1 :i* corresponds 9 pr9ciple ) ! adju/able ,p]iodical ,li/4 #bij4 ,panoramic ,catalogues4--,sev]al me?ods h be5 propos$ or devis$ = display+ catalogue entries on an endless *a9 9 a panoramic or cont9u\s =m1 b none ( !m has be5 g5]ally adopt$4 ,,bibliography 7,,*apt]s ,,xvi4-,,xviii47 ,! pr9cipal lit]ature ( ! subject ( catalogu+ has be5 m5tion$ 9 ! text1 & mu* ( ! be/1 m rec5t writ+ is 9 p]iodicals2 moreov]1 e g5]al "w on libr>ies has a *apt] or m on ! subject4 ,! foll[+ is (f]$ z a selection ( ! lit]ature 9 sep>ate =m3-- #bia4 ,g5]al3 ,bi%op1 ,w4 ,w4 ,practical ,h&book ( ,mod]n ,libr>y ,catalogu+1 #aiad4 ,baltimore3 ,williams ,wilk9s4 ,delisle1 ,lopold4 ,in/ructions ,elm5taires et ,te*niques p\r la ,mise et le ,ma9ti5 en ,ordre des ,livres d'une ,biblio?que1 #aiaj4 ,?orne1 ,w4 ,b4 ,fir/ ,/eps 9 ,libr>y ,catalogu+1 #aiag4 ,l4,a4,a41 ,s]ies #h4 ,:eatley1 ,h4 ,b4 ,h[ to ,catalogue a ,libr>y1 #ahhi4 ,/ock4 #bib4 ,codes1 ,rules1 etc43 ,ab]de5 ,univ]sity ,libr>y4 ,cond5s$ ,catalogu+ ,rules1 #aiad4 ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y ,s*ool4 ,fell[s1 ,j4 ,d4 ,catalogu+ ,rules3 = ! ,c\rse 9 ,elem5t>y ,catalogu+1 #aiad4 ,libr>y ,s*ool1 #cf4 ,wiscons9 ,univ]sity ,libr>y ,s*ool4 ,turvill1 ,hel54 ,catalogu+ ,rules1 #aiab4 #bic4 ,annotation3 ,savage1 ,e4 ,a4 ,manual ( ,descriptive ,annotation 9 ,libr>y ,catalogues1 #aijf4 ,grafton4 ,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,b]wick4 ,fir/ ,/eps 9 ,annotation 9 ,catalogues1 #aiah4 ,l4,a4,a41 ,s]ies #i4 #bid4 ,*ildr5's ,catalogues 7see also ,division ,,xiii473 ,say]s & ,/ew>t4 ,catalogues = ,*ildr53 ) a ,code ( ,rules1 #aije4 #bie4 ,subject ,head+s3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,li/ ( ,subject ,head+s = use 9 ,diction>y ,catalogues4 #crd ed41 by ,m4 ,j4 ,briggs1 #aiaa4 ,mann1 ,m4 ,subject ,head+s = use 9 ,diction>y ,catalogues ( ,juv5ile ,books1 #aiaf4 ,a4,l4,a4 ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,prelim9>y ,li/ ( ,subject ,sub-divisions1 #aiaj4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,c4 ,m4 ,hanson4 #bif4 ,c>d ,catalogues3 ,c>negie ,libr>y ( ,pittsburgh4 ,rules = ,fil+ ,c>ds 9 ! ,diction>y ,catalogues1 #aiag4 ,say]s & ,/ew>t4 ,! ,c>d ,catalogue1 #aiac4 ,grafton4 #big4 ,%eaf ,catalogues3 ,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d4 ,! ,%eaf ,catalogue1 #aiji4 ,grafton4 #bih4 ,co-op]ative ,catalogu+3 ,jahr1 ,t41 & ,/rohm1 ,a4 ,j4 ,bibliography ( ,co-op]ative ,catalogu+ & ! ,pr9t+ ( ,catalogue ,c>ds3 ) ,ref]5ces to ,int]national ,bibliography & ! ,univ]sal ,catalogue1 #ahej-aijb4 #aijc4 #bii4 ,catalogu]'s ,ref]5ce ,books3 ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y4 ,selections ( ,catalogu]'s ,ref]5ce ,books 9 ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y1 #aijc4 ,see also ,br[n's ,libr>y ,classification & ,catalogu+ & ,/ew>t's ,%eaf ,catalogue4 ,= articles1 see ,cannons3 ,i1 ,catalogu+4 ,,*apt] ,,xx ,,fil+ ,,& ,,index+ #cjj4 ,g5]al4--,al?\gh ! libr>y inv5t$ ! c>d index1 x may be confess$ t 9 ?is c\ntry ! libr>y has n yet realiz$ ! possibilities ( its own inv5tion1 ev5 if x is conv9c$ ( its complete desirability4 ,we make no "q1 h[ev]1 ( ! fact t su* me?ods z c>d-index+ & its d]ivative1 v]tical fil+1 become m necess>y e day if ! libr>ian is to h&le ) any degree ( success ! multiplicity ( docum5ts1 pr9ts1 pap]s & o!r disp>ate matt] :i* =m s important a "p ( ! /ock ( a really liv+ libr>y4 ,s9ce ! publication ( ! second edition ( ?is ,,manual ! :ole matt] has made su* advances t a complete rev]sal ( _m ( ! /atem5ts & recomm5dations made 9 x is necess>y4 ,! g5]al index+ & fil+ problems be=e ! libr>ian are ^!3 #a4 ,borr[]s' regi/]4 #b4 ,/ation]y & supplies regi/]4 #c4 ,correspond5ce fil+ & index+4 #d4 ,index+ ( m9utes4 #e4 ,! fil+ ( clipp+s4 #f4 ,! fil+ ( broadsides1 pr9ts1 photographs1 maps1 lant]n slides1 negatives4 #g4 ,! fil+ ( de$s4 #h4 ,! fil+ ( pamphlets4 ,z ! index is ! key to ! fil+ sy/em1 we w treat ( fil+ me?ods fir/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aad4--;,fold] = ,v]tical ,file4 #cja4 ,v]tical1 & ,loose1 v]sus ,o!r ,me?ods4--,any rigid me?od ( fil+ becomes confus$ & "t-wa/+4 ,= example1 ! old me?od = correspond5ce s5t out 0 to copy x 9 a lett]-book :i* 0 equipp$ ) a ?umb-index4 ,z all lett]s s copi$ 7 plac$ 9 ! book 9 *ronological ord]1 x necess>ily happ5$ t correspond5ce ) a giv5 p]son or on a giv5 subject 0 f\nd 9 sev]al sep>ate places 9 ! book2 &1 al?\gh ! lett]s receiv$ :i* occasion$ ! correspond5ce c\ld be pa/$ into ! lett]-book aga9/ ! replies1 no connect$ view ( ! correspond5ce c\ld be ga9$ )\t sev]al ref]5ces4 ,! lett]-book me?od s]v$ its purpose = a long "t1 & has be5 pres]v$ ow+ to ! cons]vatism :i* is a ,briti% *>act]i/ic & to fe> ( loss1 misplacem5t1 or inaccurate record be+ made4 ,exp]i5ce proves1 h[ev]1 t loss & misplacem5t c easily be prev5t$1 & accurate record ( lett]s is equally possible1 :5 fil+ by flexible me?ods is us$4 ,moreov]1 ! pr9ciple ( classification--alphabetical or subject--is ! f\ndation ( successful fil+ :i* admits ( rapid ref]5ce & complet5ess2 = x is beyond "q desirable t all correspond5ce1 docum5ts1 etc41 relat+ to any giv5 matt]1 %\ld be kept 9 "o place only4 ,= example1 ! bookb9d+ transactions ( a libr>y involve correspond5ce ) sev]al bookb9d]s1 specifications1 in/ructions1 ord]s1 incid5tal correspond5ce respect+ defects1 errors1 etc4--& all ?is mat]ial %\ld come toge!r = ! simple reason t x is us$ toge!r4 ,to ensure ?is ! mat]ial mu/ be fil$ individually z a g5]al rule2 t is to say1 9 su* a way t additional mat]ial c be ins]t$4 ,!re are v>i\s me?ods3 ! ,/olz5b]g file1 = in/ance1 & o!r files :i* resemble x4 ,^! are g5]ally fold]s ( /\t manilla1 hav+ two flexible prongs inside at ! fold :i* p5etrate & fold ov] ! m>g9s ( ! pap]s & s hold !m 9 place2 & :5 an ins]tion is made ! prongs are lift$ & ! new pap] fitt$ into position4 ,m rec5t is loose fil+ 9 fold]s 9 :i* ! mat]ial is n secur$ 9 any way1 & ins]tions are !re=e possible )\t ob/ruction ( any k9d4 ,all fold]s are fil$ 9 draw]s1 9 cab9ets z a rule1 & ! av]age (fice desk is n[ equipp$ ) draw]s = v]tical fil+4 ,an illu/ration ( a fold] & fil+ cab9et w %[ bett] ?an mu* description :at we h 9 m9d 7,figs4 #aad1 #aae74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aae4--;,a ,draw] ( a ,correspond5ce ,fil+ ,cab9et4 ,9 ^! fold]s correspond5ce & o!r docum5ts are fil$ toge!r ) ! c>bon copies ( replies4 ,! c>bon copy ( a lett] is1 ( c\rse1 an exact facsimile ( x made at ! "o orig9al op]ation ( writ+ or typ+ ! lett]2 x is ?us an exact record1 & additions or corrections are easily visible4 #cjb4 ,! arrangem5t ( correspond5ce1 etc41 is a matt] ^u :i* op9ion diff]s1 b except = g5]al correspond5ce1 :i* may be fil$ alphabetically 9 fold]s--"o or m fold]s z requir$ be+ devot$ to ea* lett] ( ! alphabet--x is g5]ally f\nd t a classifi$ arrangem5t is to be pref]r$4 ,ev5 9 ! alphabetical fold]s an expansible numb] %\ld be giv5 to ea* fold] 9 ord] t x may be index$ briefly & cle>ly4 ,= ! classification ( correspond5ce sev]al s*emes h be5 devis$2 t1 = example1 9 ! late/ edition ( ,dewey's ,decimal ,classification is full1 flexible & practical2 & p]haps t :i* is mo/ us$ is ,l4 ,/anley ,ja/'s ,decimal ,classification ( ,libr>y ,economy & ,(fice ,pap]s1 #aijf 7revis$ #aijg74 ,! ma9 divisions1 a subdivision1 & a section ( ! complete tables w enable u to illu/rate its use 7see p4 #bhd74 ,ma9 ,divisions4 #j ,g5]al4 #ja ,libr>ian4 ,p]sonal4 #a ,legislation4 ,f\nd+4 ,classes ( ,libr>ies4 #b ,ext5sion "w4 #c ,build+4 #d ,gov]nm5t & ,s]vice4 #e ,executive4 #f ,accession4 ,description4 ,cons]vation4 #g ,dep>tm5ts4 #h ,publications4 #i ,o!r4 ,ma9 ,sub-,divisions4 #d ,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,s]vice4 #da ,c\ncil4 #db-c ,committee4 #dd-e ,/aff4 #df ,rules & regulations = read]s4 #dg #dh ,relations ) o!r ,corporation ,committees4 #di ,relations ) o!r ,corporation ,dep>tm5ts4 #e ,,executive4 #ea-b ,f9ance4 #ec ,/ation]y4 ,supplies4 #ed #ee ,communication4 ,correspond5ce4 #ef-h ,(fice4 #ei ,section ( ,complete ,tables4 #db ,,committee4 ,,tru/ees4 #dba ,election4 ,co-opt$ ,memb]s4 #dbb ,p[]s4 #dbc ,/&+ ,ord]s4 #dbd ,*airman4 #dbdc ,matt]s to be submitt$ to ,*airman4 #dbde ,vice-,*airman4 #dbe ,cl]k4 #dbf ,m9utes4 #dbg ,notices ( ,meet+4 #dbh ,ag5da4 ,notices ( ,motion4 #dbhe ,att5dances4 #dbi ,next ,meet+4 #dbia ,reports4 ,returns4 #dbib ,p]iodical 7=tnightly1 mon?ly1 or qu>t]ly74 #dbid ,annual4 #dbie ,next ,annual4 #dbif ,special4 #dc ,,sub-,,committees4 #dca ,f9ance4 #dcb ,(fic]s4 #dcc ,books4 etc4 etc4 ,,fig4 #aae;,a4--,a ,specim5 ( ! ,ja/ ,classification ( ,libr>y ,economy 7,sections #cjb-jc74 #cjc4 ,ev]y?+ t comes into ! libr>y or goes out ( x1 except ! actual books1 w fit into su* a classification1 & may be numb]$ & index$ by x4 ,all correspond5ce is m>k$ boldly ) ! numb] ( ! division to :i* x belongs1 & is fil$ 9 ! fold]s :i* be> ! numb]4 ,! fold]s are numb]$ on ! project+ edge ( ! broad] flap1 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aad1 & are arrang$ num]ically accord+ to ! notation ord]4 ,x may be object$ t ?is me?od sep>ates lett]s f "o correspond5t :o may write at v>i\s times or on v>i\s subjects2 b exp]i5ce proves t except 9 few cases1 su* z are provid$ = "u #ee1 :]e g5]al correspond5ce is arrang$ alphabetically "u ! names ( ! writ]s1 ! que/ions ! file is requir$ to answ] are n answ]$ 9 t]ms ( names ( correspond5ts2 moreov]1 ! alphabetical "n index1 :i* is an indisp5sable accompanim5t ( ! me?od1 br+s toge!r all ref]5ces to lett]s f any giv5 correspond5t4 ,! index %\ld be on c>ds1 & %\ld give ! "n & address ( ! correspond5t1 ! classification numb] ( ! subject1 & ! dates ( ! lett]s receiv$ or dispat*$ 7see ,fig4 #aaf74 ,n only does ?is index s]ve z a key to ! correspond5ce file 7,section #cjb72 x may conta91 )\t prejudice to its value1 all addresses :i* ! libr>ian deems x exp$i5t to keep1 ) telephone numb]s1 telegraphic addresses1 & cable codes :]e necess>y4 ,x w be obvi\s t a classifi$ file ( ?is k9d w accommodate all o!r docum5ts & li/s--book-li/s1 reports made on subjects or dep>tm5ts1 m9utes1 & 9 fact any miscellane\s pap]s :atsoev]4 #cjd4 ,! effectiv5ess1 & inde$ safety1 ( any individual index+ or fil+ sy/em dep5ds ^u ! c>e ) :i* x is manipulat$ 9 ord] t misplacem5ts ( pap]s or c>ds may n occur4 ,! fe> ( c>elessness or ignorance on ! "p ( assi/ants has caus$ "s libr>ians to pref] an alphabetical sy/em ( fil+4 ,:5 ?is is s x %\ld be alphabetical by subjects1 except 9 ! case ( g5]al correspond5ce :i* deals ) no p>ticul> subjects4 ,libr>y communications are frequ5tly ( ?is g5]al nature1 b ! vital lett]s are ^u subjects2 = example1 ,exhibitions1 ,lectures1 ,read+s1 ,/ory ,h\rs1 are head+s tak5 at r&om = :i* fold]s w\ld be includ$4 ,9 arrang+ c\rses ( lectures1 = example1 a libr>ian may write & receive any numb] ( lett]s2 & he wants !m toge!r z a rule & n 9 ! alphabetical ord] ( correspond5ts4 ,?is alphabetical-subject sy/em requires an index to su* fold]s z d n come "u g5]al correspond5ce2 fold]s com+ "u ! latt] w\ld be mo/ useful 9 a sequ5ce sep>ate f ! subject fold]s1 b su* sep>ation is n ess5tial4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,smi?1 ,h4 ,j41 ,,sons1 ,,ltd4 #adg;,a ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4#b4 ',phone--,london ,wall #ffib4 ,code--,a4,b4,c4 #aiai4 #fbc--ad ,my4 #fbc--i ,je4 #fca--ah ,jy4 etc4 ---------------------------------------- ------ ,,fig4 #aaf4--;,address1 & ,correspond5ce1 ,index-,c>d4 #cje4 ,if ei!r ( ! two me?ods outl9$ is deem$ too complex--nei!r is s really--! old !ory t 8! only natural arrangem5t = lett]s is an alphabetical "o0 w rule ! *oice ( me?od4 ,?is simply means arrangem5t alphabetically by ! "n ( ! correspond5t1 & 9 ?is me?od ! file is self-index+ to ! ext5t ( ! names4 ,if x is made ! rule to place lett]s f in/itutions "u ! names ( su* in/itutions1 & to ins]t1 :]e necess>y1 9 /rict alphabetical ord] slips ( pap] to hold all cross-ref]5ces f ! names ( (fic]s1 !re w be no ne$ = fur!r index+4 ,if topical indexes are requir$ !y c be compil$ on #hvo slips1 ! subject ^w be+ writt5 boldly on ! top ( ! %eet1 & ! names ( ! writ]s on ! topic 9 alphabetical ord] bel[4 ,^! slips c take _! place 9 alphabetical ord] among ! lett]s4 #cjf4 ,all work+ correspond5ce files %\ld be we$$ out at int]vals to remove matt] ( transi5t int]e/ & to relieve conge/ion4 ,! libr>ian %\ld at ! fir/ m>k su* pap]s z are to be fil$--mu* correspond5ce is m]ely =mal1 & has no in=mation value1 & ne$ n be fil$ ev5 tempor>ily2 b x is bett] to file ev]y?+ & to we$ frequ5tly ?an to lose any important docum5t by initial c>elessness4 ,:5 we$+ out1 ! matt] ( m]ely tempor>y int]e/ may be de/roy$2 & t :i* x is desir$ to keep may be transf]r$ 9 /rict ord] to fil+ boxes1 or ano!r /orage fil+ cab9et1 ?us leav+ ! curr5t files free f any b curr5t matt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aag4--,/orage ,box = ,pamphlets1 ,lett]s1 etc4 7,section #cjf74 #cjg4 ,pr9ts1 ,photographs & ,maps4--,unfram$1 unm\nt$ 8illu/ration0 mat]ial1 9 :i* are includ$ pr9ts1 illu/rations1 photographs1 maps1 & broadsides1 requires sep>ate & c>eful fil+4 ,9 ! fir/ place x %\ld be1 s f> z possible1 m\nt$ on 8nature10 8sultan mecca10 or simil> m\nts ( uni=m size4 ,?is applies p>ticul>ly to pr9ts & photographs1 & is ! be/ means ( ensur+ _! pres]vation & ease 9 h&l+ & consult+ !m4 ,!y !n ne$ close classification by "o ( ! exi/+ sy/ematic s*emes to l9e on s f> z may be ) ! classification ( ! books2 & x is (t5 necess>y to exp& a classification consid]ably to diff]5tiate ! almo/ innum]able sub-topics :i* may =m ! subjects ( pictures4 ,su* expansion is skill$ "w & %\ld be done only by an exp]t classifi]4 ,an exam9ation ( ! classification propos$ = local photographic surveys 9 ,g[]1 ,ja/ & ,topley's ,! ,cam]a z ,hi/orian1 #aiaf 7,sampson1 ,l[71 w %[ h[ m9ute a classification photographs dem&4 ,ea* m\nt %\ld be> a label1 9 ! top left corn] pref]ably1 giv+ ! class-numb]1 ! subject1 & o!r p>ticul>s 7see ! sections on ,photographic ,surveys1 #dcc1 etc474 ,! fil+ may be 9 classification ord] 9 boxes :i* w lie flat on ! %elves2 & ! mo/ economical boxes are ^? made ( ! /\te/ mat]ial compatible ) lightness1 su* z c>dbo>d cov]$ ) rex9e1 pegamoid clo?1 etc42 heavy boxes ( wood are awkw>d to h&le & %\ld be avoid$4 ,bett] ?an boxes1 because ( ! ease ( consultation & ins]tion p]mitt$1 is a v]tical file 9 draw]s4 ,9 ?is ! pr9ts are ins]t$ loosely l c>ds 9 a c>d-index1 & no lift+ & little h&l+ are necess>y to f9d any giv5 pr9t4 ,= v]tical fil+ ! m\nts %\ld be ! /\te/ available1 & a fur!r protection is to use fold]s to hold gr\ps ( pr9ts--"o to a topic z a rule4 ,! project+ edge ( ! fold] may be> ! topic numb]4 #cjh4 ,maps d n fit readily into ! v]tical sy/em1 & are tr\blesome mat]ial z a rule4 ,sev]al solutions ( ! map-fil+ problem h be5 sugge/$--roll+ !m & ins]t+ !m 9 tubes 9 a cab9et on ! pr9ciple ( ! umbrella /&2 m\nt+ !m on spr+ roll]s & fix+ !m ov] bookcases :]e !y c be drawn d[n to be consult$ exactly z a bl9d is drawn2 & an +5i\s me?od devis$ by ,mr ,g4 ,t4 ,%aw1 & describ$ 9 ,public ,libr>ies3 _! ,organization1 etc41 #aiah 7,libr>y ,association71 is wor? exam9ation4 ,= ! _m small maps t all libr>ies possess1 flat fil+ 9 su* boxes z ,fig4 #aah depicts is probably ! be/4 ,s+le %eets ( ! ,ordnance ,survey1 or o!r simil> maps :i* are mu* h&l$1 %\ld be m\nt$ on l95 or "s simil> mat]ial1 & an additional protection f te>+ is to b9d !m ) tape1 :i* may be done by fold+ ! tape ov] ! edges & runn+ !m r\nd ) an ord9>y sew+ ma*9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aah4--;,box = ,fil+ ,pr9ts & ,maps 7,section #cjh74 #cji4 ,newspap] ,clipp+s4--,! v]tical file is an excell5t in/rum5t = deal+ ) newspap] clipp+s4 ,^!1 9 ! case ( matt]s ( tempor>y int]e/1 may be dropp$ into classifi$ fold]s4 ,= clipp+s :i* x is desir$ to keep1 x is bett] to provide a m\nt1 :i* may be ( pap] ( suffici5t sub/ance to be> !m1 & pa/e !m d[n1 writ+ 9 ! top left corn] ! class-numb]1 subject1 s\rce & date ( ! clipp+4 ,! old] me?ods ( fil+ clipp+s 9 newspap]-cutt+s books1 or 9 any =m ( gu>d book1 h ! disadvantage ( inflexibility1 want ( rational means ( index+ ! cont5ts1 & occasion ref]5ce 9 c\rse ( "t to sev]al volumes = matt] on any subject4 #caj4 ,g5]al4--,= mo/ fil+ purposes qu>to fold]s1 to accommodate qu>to pap]s1 :i* file 9 /&>d-siz$ draw]s1 are suffici5t2 b bo? draw]s & fold]s c be obta9$ 9 foolscap & o!r sizes4 ,& not)/&+ our advocacy ( ! loose me?od ( fil+1 !re is mu* to be said = su* files z ! ,/olz5b]g = pap]s :i* h an inv>iable *ronological appe>+ & are valuable 9 t ord]2 because ! file1 hav+ ! app>atus already describ$ = secur+ & b9d+ ! pap]s1 has ! nev]-to-be-disc\nt$ virtue ( book =m4 ,su* pap]s are m9utes1 p]iodical reports on special dep>tm5ts1 f9ancial analyses1 book-li/s1 etc4 ,moreov]1 al?\gh ! /&>d ,/olz5b]g cab9et accommodates its fold]s 9 horizontal fa%ion1 ! latt] are also suitable = fil+ v]tically 9 ! draw]s recomm5d$ = g5]al purposes4 #caa4 ,lant]n ,slides & ,negatives4--,mod]n libr>ies collect & pres]ve1 occasionally ev5 make = _! own use1 lant]n slides & negatives4 ,! me?od recomm5d$ = /or+ ^! is precisely simil> to t = pr9ts2 t is to say1 9 draw]s 9 cab9ets ( suitable dim5sions4 ,su* cab9ets are made by sev]al firms specializ+ 9 photographic app>atus2 & draw]s c be obta9$ ( a size to accommodate ei!r slides or negatives4 ,)\t be+ dogmatical ^u ! po9t1 x may safely be said t ! be/ arrangem5t ( slides is a classifi$ "o 9 draw]s1 ! classification numb] be+ writt5 on a label on ! m\nt ( ! slide & on ! top edge ( ! b9d+4 ,if ! slide is made f a negative 9 ! possession ( ! libr>y ! numb] ( ! negative %\ld also appe> on ! m\nt4 #cab4 ,negatives require m c>eful treatm5t1 z ! film is subject to damage if unprotect$4 ,!y are also g5]ally l>g] ?an lant]n slides2 & sep>ate cab9ets1 or sep>ate draw]s1 are desirable to hold !m4 ,a useful me?od is to ins]t ea* 9 a small manilla fold] be>+ ! numb] on its edge1 :i* numb] %\ld also be writt5 9 ink 7:ite is be/7 on ! corn] ( ! negative4 ,negatives may be arrang$ by accession numb]s1 z !y are r>ely want$ m ?an "o at a "t2 & ! slide catalogue w ref] f slide to negative1 z well z be a direct ref]5ce to ! latt]4 #cac4 ,! index or catalogue ( slides may be on c>ds arrang$ z a rule by titles or subjects1 z ! photograph] or slide-mak]'s "n is r>ely want$4 ,! foll[+ example ( a c>d %[s ! title1 s\rce1 location1 & classification numb] ( a slide & ! numb] ( its negative3 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #fef ,,locomotives4 ,ble ,bl5k9sop's ,eng9e1 ) ,rack-,rail1 #ahaa4 ,pr9t-- ,lant]n ,slide-- ,process ,col\r$4 ,size #c 94 #c 94 ,negative #ah4 ,lecture--,railways4 #fffge ,p4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,fig4 #aai4--,lant]n-slide ,index ,c>d 7,section #cac74 ,slides :i* =m lecture sets & are inv>iably us$ toge!r1 may be fil$ z sets1 9 spite ( ! fact t ! o!rs may be classifi$4 ,aft] all1 ! rule ( classification itself is t ?+s us$ toge!r mu/ be plac$ toge!r4 #cad4 ,indexes4--,probably no "w dem&s ! use ( indexes s imp]atively z libr>y "w4 ,! catalogue is m]ely an ext5sion ( an index1 & ! borr[]s' regi/] 7:i* is dealt ) 9 ,section #cff1 etc47 is 9 its mo/ conv5i5t =m m]ely an index4 ,we h already dealt ) ! indexes = correspond5ce1 lant]n slides1 etc41 & x w be m conv5i5t to deal ) ! indexes to pr9ts & maps 9 ,sections #dch1 etc4 ,"h we c m5tion only "o or two adm9i/rative indexes1 ) ! g5]al rem>k t ! me?ods describ$ are n to be reg>d$ z /]eotyp$1 b are m]ely sugge/ions :i* libr>ians may adapt to _! special ne$s4 ,,! ,,c>d ,,di>y4--,a useful little c>d index is "o :i* may g on a desk1 & is guid$ ) ! days ( ! week1 & has su* o!r guides z 8,?is ,week10 8,to-day10 8,next ,week10 8,miscellane\s matt]s10 etc41 :i* s]ves z a rem9d] to its us]4 ,beh9d ! appropriate guide are fil$ c>ds ref]r+ to ! matt]s :i* are to be dealt ) at ! "t indicat$4 ,^! c>d-di>ies are commonly kn[n z 8tickl]s10 & c be a mo/ effective aid to me?odical adm9i/ration4 ,,/ation]y ,,& ,,supplies ,,index4--,x is an important matt]1 especially 9 l>ge libr>ies1 to be able to put h&s imm$iately ^u any article ( /ation]y or o!r supplies4 ,! old1 haphaz>d plan ( ?ru/+ supplies 9 cupbo>ds ) wood5 doors1 & tru/+ to luck or memory = f9d+ !m aga91 is too leisurely a me?od = ! busy mod]n libr>ian4 ,all /orage cupbo>ds or presses %\ld h glaz$ doors4 ,?is simple precaution has ! effect ( induc+ tid9ess on ! "p ( ! /aff1 & ! prospect ( slov5ly arrangem5t is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,! next process is to decide ^u a me?od ( index+ :i* w (f] ! greate/ facilities = rapidly f9d+ any giv5 article4 ,9 ! ,libr>y ,_w = ,july1 #ahii1 ,mr ,ja/ describes a graphic me?od ( a*iev+ ?is end4 ,he provides a s]ies ( c>ds ( uni=m size1 "o or m = ea* article index$1 accord+ to ! ne$ = index+ !m m ?an once 9 ! alphabet4 ,on ^! c>ds he draws a r\gh diagrammatic elevation ( ! cupbo>d or o!r place ( /orage1 z illu/rat$ 7,fig4 #abj74 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,f9e ,receipt ,books4 ,(fice ,desk4 ---------------------------------------- ----- ------------------------ ------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ----- ,x ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,fig4 #abj4--,supplies ,location ,c>d 7,section #cad74 ,on ?is is indicat$ at ! top left-h& corn] ! class-numb]1 & "n or nature ( ! supply1 & at ! opposite corn] its location4 ,:5 a supply is /or$ away 9 ?is receptacle "o ( ! blank c>ds repres5t+ x is head$ z describ$1 & ! exact place :]e ! articles are /or$ is indicat$ by a cross m>k$ on ! diagram1 z %[n above4 ,( c\rse1 e sep>ate receptacle mu/ h its own s]ies ( specially drawn c>ds4 ,! index is made by arrang+ ^! c>ds 9 ! alphabetical ord] ( ! names ( ! v>i\s articles4 ,any "o want+ a new f9e receipt book1 & n kn[+ :]e to f9d x1 w\ld look up ?is index "u ! ^w 8,f9e0 & !re he w\ld f9d ! c>d :i* indicates n only ! receptacle :]e ^! books 7 /or$1 b also ! exact position4 ,?is c>d may be comb9$ ) ! inv5tory c>d describ$ 9 ! next *apt] 7,section #cbg74 ,ano!r plan w\ld be to m>k e cupbo>d or o!r receptacle ) a lett] or numb]4 ,z ^! places w\ld h glass doors1 if !y _h any at all1 !re w\ld be no necessity to m>k sep>ate %elves or pigeon-holes fur!r4 ,x is n always possible1 or ev5 desirable1 to fix ! location ( supplies beyond ! ma9 receptacle4 ,a ref]5ce to a cupbo>d is q ne> en\gh = any "o hav+ eyes 9 8 head4 ,to ^! v>i\s receptacles an index on c>ds or slip books z be=e c readily be made4 ,! c>d %\ld be> ! "n ( ! article at "o ( its top corn]s1 & on ! opposite corn] ! numb] or lett] ( ! place :]e x is to be f\nd4 ,if necess>y ! rema9d] ( ! c>d or slip c be us$ = sett+ out ! dates & quantities ( successive ord]s ( ! article4 ,?is w be f\nd a v useful =m ( inv5tory4 #cae4 ,! indexes ( m9ute books are usually kept 9 ! books !mselves & n sep>ately4 ,if a ?umb index has n be5 provid$1 a few pages1 say1 tw5ty-six1 may be res]v$ at ! beg9n+ or end ( ! book1 9 :i* an alphabetical sequ5ce c be spac$ out 9 p5cil4 ,x is equally cle>1 = all ! reasons giv5 9 fav\r ( ! individual entries1 t c>ds p]mit1 t ^! indexes may be made on c>ds4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,f ,,dick5s1 ,,*>les ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,david ,copp]field ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,macmillan1 #d 3 #fn4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,accession ,no4 #g1dbj ,date )drawn1 #aj 3 #f 3 #ah4 ,incomplete ,out ( date ,dirty ,new ed4 ,bad ,worn out ,no4 ( copies 9 ,lib41 #bj ,to be replac$ ,transf]r$ ,n to be replac$ ,m>k$ 9 ,acc4 ,bk4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,fig4 #aba4--,)drawals ,c>d 7,section #caf74 #caf4 ,)drawn ,books4--,! c>d is a useful m$ium = record+ )drawals1 & furni%es ample room = p>ticul>s 7see ,fig4 #aba74 #cag4 ,/ock-tak+ ,results4--,books miss+ at /ock-tak+ are conv5i5tly index$ on c>ds 7see ,fig4 #abb74 ,! back ( ! c>d indicates ! dates at :i* exam9ations 7 made ( ! v>i\s places :]e ! miss+ book might be trac$ 7see ,fig4 #abc74 ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,miss+4 #cee ,legion ( ,fronti]swom54 ,pocock1 ,rog] 7,,ed47 ,fronti]swoman's ,pocket ,book4 ,miss+ on ,oct4 #aiab4 ,/ock ,no4 #aihdc4 ,f\nd on #bh? ,jan4 #aiai4 ,:]e f\nd--,9 a ,newton pill> box4 ,return$ by ,po/al ,au?orities4 --,e4 ,l4 ,m4 ,condition ,replac$ ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,fig4 #abb4--;,c>d = ,miss+ ,books ,index 7,section #cag74 ---------------------------------------- ---- ,%elves ---------------------------------------- ---- ,repairs ---------------------------------------- ---- ,recas+ ---------------------------------------- ---- ,b9d+ ---------------------------------------- ---- ,)drawals ---------------------------------------- ---- ,ref]5ce ---------------------------------------- ---- ,,fig4 #abc4--;,c>d = ,miss+ ,books ,index1 ,back 7,section #cag74 #cah4 ,o!r4--,o!r indexes :i* h be5 f\nd ( value are a g5]al adm9i/rative index1 ) sections allott$ to sugge/ions = activities2 in=mation giv5 f ! libr>ies1 & n giv5 7a mo/ important matt] z reveal+ defici5cies ne$+ rem$y72 ! location & di/ribution ( keys :5 ! latt] are 9 ! h&s ( sev]al p2 classification decisions2 &1 inde$1 !re is no limit to ! use ( ! c>d index z an adm9i/rative tool4 ,"o simple & invaluable index 9 libr>ies :]e lectures are giv5 is a ,lectur]s' ,index1 ) guides = ,(f]s1 ,next ,s]ies1 ,curr5t ,lectures1 ,pa/ ,lectures1 beh9d :i* are plac$ c>ds be>+ ! names & addresses ( lectur]s1 ! titles & o!r p>ticul>s ( _! lectures1 dates ( deliv]y1 etc4 ,! m]e index+ ( su* mat]ials af=ds _m sugge/ions & r$uces lecture-organization to a v simple process4 ,,bibliography #cai4 ,lit]>y ,index+3 ,cl>ke1 ,a4 ,l4 ,manual ( ,practical ,index+1 #aije4 ,grafton4 ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y4 ,:eel] & ,bascom1 ,e4 ,l4 ,index+3 ,pr9ciples1 ,rules & ,examples1 #aije4 ,bullet91 #id1 ,libr>y ,s*ool1 #ai4 ,ed4 #b2 revis$1 #aiac4 ,bullet91 #ced1 ,libr>y ,s*ool1 #cc4 ,pe!rbridge1 ,m>y4 ,te*nique ( ,index+1 #aijd4 ,secret>ial ,bureau4 ,:eatley1 ,h4 ,b4 ,h[ to ,make an ,index1 #aijb4 ,eliot ,/ock4 ---- ,:at is an ,index3 ,notes on ,indexes & ,index]s1 #ahgh4 ,index ,society ,publications4 #cbj4 ,comm]cial & ,libr>y ,index+3 ,byles1 ,r4 ,b4 ,! ,c>d ,index ,sy/em4 ,pitman4 ,kais]1 ,j4 ,! ,c>d ,sy/em at ! ,(fice1 #aijh4 ,va*]4 ---- ,sy/ematic ,index+1 #aiaa4 ,pitman4 ,say]s & ,/ew>t4 ,! ,c>d ,catalogue1 #aiac4 ,grafton4 #cba4 ,fil+3 ,cope1 ,e4 ,a4 ,fil+ ,sy/ems3 ,_! ,pr9ciples & _! ,application to ,mod]n ,(fice ,requirem5ts4 ,pitman4 ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,am]ican ,libr>y ,economy ,v>i\s ,sections1 p>ticul>ly v4 i41 pt4 #e1 sec4 #c1 ,picture ,collection2 pt4 #f1 ,art ,dep>tm5t2 v4 ii41 pt4 #a1 ,col\r & ,position ,fil+2 pt4 #ah1 sec4 #a1 ,! ,v]tical ,file 7revis$ ed4 entitl$ ! ,in=mation ,file72 etc41 #aiji4 ,wood/ock1 ,v]mont3 ,elm ,tree ,press4 ,ja/1 ,l4 ,s4 ,a ,classification ( ,libr>y ,economy & ,(fice ,pap]s1 #aijg4 ,grafton4 ,= articles1 consult ,index ( ,cannons "u ,index+ & ,fil+4 ,,division ,,ix ,,ma9t5ance ,,& ,,r\t9e ,,"w ,,*apt] ,,xxi ,,/ation]y ,,& ,,records #cbb4 ,=ms & ,blanks4--,mo/ ( ! important =ms & blanks h already be5 describ$ & figur$ "u ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts to :i* !y ref]1 & ?is section w1 !re=e1 only deal ) a few g5]al =ms4 ,,notepap] ( v>i\s k9ds %\ld be provid$1 "s 9 ! ord9>y bus9ess size1 "s po/ qu>to1 & "s foolscap folio4 ,on ea* ( ^! sizes ! usual head+ %\ld be pr9t$1 ) ! arms & "n ( ! t[n1 libr>ian's "n1 & any o!r in=mation ?\ght necess>y4 ,all ord9>y correspond5ce c be c>ri$ on ) ! bus9ess size1 b (ficial & complim5t>y lett]s %\ld be writt5 on ! l>g] sizes4 ,,envelopes to suit ! v>i\s sizes %\ld also be procur$1 & x is a good plan to /ock "s l>ge-siz$ manila envelopes = s5d+ (f l>ge docum5ts1 reports1 etc4 ,^! c be _h 9 a v>iety ( sizes1 & "s ( !m h clasps in/ead ( gumm$ flaps1 :i* make !m v useful = tempor>y fil+ purposes4 ,gumm$ po/al ,,wrapp]s %\ld also be /ock$ 9 a fairly l>ge size1 & ,,labels = s5d+ (f p>cels1 ) ! "n ( ! libr>y boldly pr9t$ on !m1 w be f\nd v useful4 #cbc4 ,writ+ ,mat]ials4--,,inks are manufactur$ 9 su* a v>iety ( k9ds & col\rs t *oice is made difficult4 ,a good black ink %\ld be procur$1 & also a bright r$ col\r4 ,copy+ ink is n necess>y ev5 :]e press lett]-copy+ is employ$1 z ord9>y blue-black ink1 if n blott$ b all[$ to dry naturally1 w make p]fectly good press copies4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 n to dry ! tissue-pap] leaves ( ! lett] book completely :5 mak+ copies4 ,o!r col\rs ( inks1 su* z gre51 violet1 etc41 c be obta9$ if want$ = special purposes4 ,,ink-,,wells %\ld be got 9 ! mod]n res]voir =m1 ) a con/ant level dipp+ place4 ,ink kept 9 su* receptacles nev] gets ?ick or dirty1 & ! p5 is nev] ov]*>g$ or und]f$4 ,^! ink-wells ) rubb] tops c be obta9$ = ab\t "o %ill+ ea*1 b = /aff & committee use a bett] v>iety %\ld be ord]$ z ! rubb] deg5]ates quickly "u ! *emical action ( ! ink4 ,ink-wells %\ld pref]ably be associat$ ) p5-racks r ?an ) p5-trays4 ,a rack sorts ! p5s & p5cils out automatically 9 a visible ord]1 :ile a tray wa/es a l>ge am\nt ( "t annually1 ow+ to ! grop+ & exam9+ & fruitless fumbl+s necessitat$ be=e ! "r p5 or p5cil is f\nd among its fell[s4 ,"o p5 "o place1 is a good motto = any libr>ian4 ,( c\rse ! ,,f\nta9 ,,p5 removes a great deal ( ! wa/e ( "t & tr\ble insep>able f ink-pot fill+1 p5 select+1 p5 dipp+1 etc41 & e libr>ian ought to h "o z "p ( 8 ord9>y equipm5t4 ,!re are v>i\s sorts 9 ! m>ket1 b ! high] pric$ ones are1 z a rule1 ! only reliable ones1 & ! co/ is an inve/m5t on :i* a return is soon made4 ,,/ylographic ,,p5s are v useful1 b because ( _! t5d5cy to spoil good h&writ+1 !y are n s satisfactory z f\nta9 p5s1 al?\gh !y are mu* *eap]4 ,= /aff use 9 ! numb]+ ( book labels1 *>g+1 etc41 /ylographic p5s w\ld be f\nd v useful1 & e libr>y ( reasonable size %\ld /ock a few4 ,,p5cils = public use %\ld be ! ord9>y c$> ones at ab\t #es4 a gross4 ,= note-book copy+ purposes a ,r[ney 8,h0 p5cil1 retail+ at twop5ce1 w be f\nd ( great value1 z x does n 8set (f0 l ! ord9>y 8,h-,b40 ,a h>d p5cil la/s mu* long] ?an a s(t "o1 x does n require po9t+ s (t51 & ! fact j m5tion$1 t writ+ done by its means does n blur or 8set (f0 is an advantage n to be despis$4 ,r$ & blue crayon p5cils %\ld be kept = *eck+ purposes4 ,ord9>y p5-hold]s & h>d & s(t p5-po9ts are occasionally /ock$ 9 public libr>ies1 z well z p5cils1 to l5d out to ! read]s4 ,:]e ?is is done a c]ta9 am\nt ( loss w h to be fac$1 z p5s & p5cils bo? disappe> 9 ! mo/ my/]i\s ways4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a v great conv5i5ce to provide p5s1 especially 9 ref]5ce libr>ies fitt$ ) special read+-tables provid$ ) sunk ink-wells4 ,blott+ pap]1 foolscap pap] rul$ fa9t1 scribbl+ pads1 & common :ite pap] 9 %eets ab\t #ae in*es #i in*es = m\nt+ slips1 %\ld be provid$ among ! writ+ mat]ials ( a libr>y4 #cbd4 ,libr>y ,/ation]y ,cab9et4--,x is ne$less to set out 9 m detail ! v>i\s desk accessories & miscellane\s /ation]y requir$ 9 a libr>y1 & an enum]ation ( ! m9imum cont5ts ( a /ation]y cab9et1 :i* ought to be _h = e libr>y w suffice4 ,a cab9et ( ?is sort c\ld be made up 9 v>i\s sizes & prices1 l m$ic9e *e/s1 & w\ld be f\nd mu* m useful ?an ! r&om me?od ( buy+ articles at pres5t 9 vogue4 ,,/ation]y ,,cab9et ,pap] clips4 ,/ation]y case4 ,= hold+ a supply ( envelopes1 note-pap]1 etc4 7l>ge sizes74 ,numb]+ ma*9e 7five figures74 ,rubb] dat+ /amps1 ) loose type & ) b&-*ang+ app>atus4 ,rubb] pr9t+ outfit4 ,ne/ ( draw]s1 twelve 9 cab9et4 ,ca%-box4 ,pap] fa/5]s1 corn] clips1 wire clips & brass clips4 ,r$ tape1 sev]al spools 7= docum5ts only74 ,p9s4 ,h&-re/ = writ+4 ,tape measure or good two-foot rule4 ,wa/e-pap] basket4 ,dispat* basket 7wick]71 = hold+ docum5ts4 ,lett] scales1 weigh+ to eight p\nds4 ,scissors4 ,pa/e 9 bottles4 ,rubb] b&s1 assort$4 ,rubb] eras]s4 ,call bells1 = public or (fice use4 ,gumm$ labels1 assort$ sizes4 ,seal+ wax4 ,tw9e ( v>i\s ?icknesses4 ,rul$ quadrille or squ>$ pap] 7= plann+74 ,trac+ pap] or l954 ,case ( ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,pap] knives4 ,bone fold]s4 ,lea!r book-c>ry+ /raps4 ,read+ & magnify+ glasses4 ,key r+s & labels4 ,writ+ pads or tablets4 ,manuscript books ( v>i\s sizes1 #hvo1 #dto1 folio1 = odd record purposes4 etc4 etc4 #cbe4 ,! typewrit] & its accessories are to be tak5 = grant$ 9 all libr>ies2 & 9 connexion !re) its own special /ation]y1 typewrit+ c>bon1 & /5cill+ pap]s1 inks1 etc4 ,mo/ libr>ies ( ev5 m$ium size n[ employ a skill$ /5ograph] :o acts z secret>y to ! *ief libr>ian1 manages ! correspond5ce fil+1 ! duplicat+ "w1 copies catalogue c>ds1 etc4 ,! be/ typewrit] is ! *eape/ ma*9e 9 ! long run1 & x %\ld be equipp$ ) c>d+ & tabulat+ app>atus4 ,^? :i* h m ?an "o f\nt ( type1 z roman & italic1 l>ge & cond5s$ types1 h mu* to recomm5d !m4 ,a duplicat+ ma*9e is an invaluable accessory4 ,= small libr>ies ! flat /5cil-duplicat+ ma*9e1 su* z ! ,ge/etn]1 w suffice1 & probably ! be/ copies ( small] "w1 c>d =ms1 etc41 are obta9$ by ?is means4 ,b = circul>s1 book-li/s1 programmes & o!r matt]s ( :i* _m copies are requir$ a cyclo/yle is desirable4 ,by its means topical read+ li/s & ! _m circul>s :i* a live libr>y desires to issue almo/ e week c be prep>$ & circulat$ widely ) ! utmo/ dispat*4 ,su* a ma*9e is "o ( ! be/ inve/m5ts a libr>y c make4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,date4 ,description4 ,price4 ,v5dor4 ,location4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- s4 d4 ,,fig4 #abd4--;,inv5tory ,book 7,section #cbf74 #cbf4 ,records4--,an inv5tory %\ld be kept ( all supplies ord]$1 ) dates & quantities1 & a v good plan is to use ! c>ds describ$ at ,section #cbg4 ,^! c\ld be rul$ 9 a s]ies ( columns to %[ dates1 quantities & prices1 & kept 9 a box :i* w\ld s]ve ! d\ble purpose ( inv5tory & supplies index4 ,b !re are o!r supplies besides /ation]y1 etc41 & ^! w\ld h to be add$4 ,an inv5tory %\ld be kept ( all movable prop]ty belong+ to ! libr>y1 su* z furniture1 pictures & o!r articles4 ,x c\ld be rul$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #abd4 #cbg4 ,! foll[+ is a good & simple me?od ( keep+ an inv5tory ( supplies1 & provid+ = _! automatic r5ewal4 ,?9 slips on t\gh pap] are rul$ & pr9t$ z 9 ! examples %[n 7,figs4 #abe-f74 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,,pap] ,,description--,foolscap1 rul$ fa9t & m>g94 ,,location #d--b4 ,sample #cei ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,date4 ,quantity4 ,v5dor4 ,price4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #aijf4 ,april #f #b ,reams 7,a #f7 ,wic] #h_/f -- #ag -- ,oct4 #bj #b 7,a #ei7 #h_/f -- #ag -- #aijg4 ,april #ae #b 7,a #afe7 ,nobbs #h_/- -- #af -- ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,fig4 #abe4--;,front ( ,inv5tory ,slip4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,price4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,fig4 #abf4--;,back ( ,inv5tory ,slip4 ,?is inv5tory does n prev5t supplies f runn+ out sudd5ly1 & !reby produc+ undesirable misund]/&+s4 ,!re are _m ways ( effect+ ?is *eck1 all m or less satisfactory1 b none1 p]haps1 is q s c]ta9 z an actual mat]ial *eck ^u ! runn+-out ( supplies4 ,9 addition to ! inv5tory x is necess>y to e/abli% an 8em]g5cy-supply0 cupbo>d1 safely lock$ up1 & 9 x to place a small /ock ( ev]y?+ :i* is liable to run out4 ,?us1 if two reams ( foolscap arrive1 a five-quire packet mu/ be tak5 f x1 sep>ately p>cell$ up1 & deposit$ 9 ! em]g5cy-supply receptacle4 ,atta*$ to ?is em]g5cy bundle %\ld be a luggage label1 or o!r conspicu\s tag1 be>+ ! words 8,foolscap1 rul$ fa9t1 ord] ,no4 #fi1 ,/ock exhau/$4 4 4 40 ,! blank space is = ! date :5 ! em]g5cy supply is transf]r$ to ! ord9>y /ock cupbo>d4 ,9 c\rse ( "t ! accessible /ock is us$ up1 & ! p]son :o removes ! la/ %eet1 or ! "o :o next goes1 discov]s ! %ortage1 & is =c$ to ask ! key-keep] ( ! em]g5cy cupbo>d = ! res]v$ /ock4 ,?is is produc$1 ! label is dat$ & h&$ to ! p]son responsible = ord]+ a fre% supply4 #cbh4 ,all g5]al libr>y ,,keys may be assembl$ on a special key-bo>d4 ,?is %\ld consi/ ( a l>ge bo>d fitt$ ) ! necess>y numb] ( hooks1 "o = ea* key or gr\p ( keys1 & a prop] descriptive label & numb] %\ld be pa/$ "u ea* hook4 ,! keys %\ld be numb]$ & labell$ to correspond1 ) ivory labels atta*$ by r+s to e key4 ,9 addition an alphabetical li/ %\ld be fix$ to ! door ( ! key-bo>d1 s z to facilitate f9d+4 ,9 "s libr>ies ! dep>tm5tal heads & assi/ants are provid$ ) a ma/]-key to all int]nal doors :i* conc]n !m2 b keys :i* give access to ! build+ z a :ole %\ld be limit$ to ! *ief libr>ian & ! *ief c>etak]4 ,a l>ge build+ requires _m keys1 & a c>d-index1 ent]+ ( ! "n ( ea* key & ! p]son :o holds x or its location1 is a useful me?od ( *eck+ ! safety ( keys4 ,:5 keys are remov$ f ! build+1 !y %\ld be insur$ ) "o ( ! key insurance or regi/ry (fices4 ,!re are sev]al m9or matt]s ( r\t9e or arrangem5t n dealt ) 9 o!r places4 ,du/+ is usually und]done 9 ,briti% libr>ies4 ,= "o ?+ !re is r>ely a suffici5t supply ( clo? du/]s2 (t5 a dirty "o1 /[$ away 9 a draw]1 is all ! provision = a l>ge libr>y4 ,clean du/]s %\ld be atta*$ by means ( r+s or clips to e bookcase & cupbo>d ?r\gh\t a libr>y1 & ! /aff %\ld be requir$ to use !m on e possible occasion4 ,c]ta9ly a book %\ld nev] be h&$ to a read] 9 a du/y condition1 z n only may ! read] be (f5d$1 b he mu/ inevitably transf] ! du/ f ! outside to ! inside ( ! book 9 h&l+ x4 ,!re w\ld be mu* less du/ among book-%elves if a lib]al supply ( du/]s 7 all[$ & con/antly us$4 ,:5 books are be+ du/$ sy/ematically a l>ge tray or box ( wet sawdu/ %\ld be provid$4 ,into ?is ! books %\ld be du/$ by means ( a bru%4 ,x is also a good plan1 :5ev] possible1 to take v du/y books out to ! op5 air1 & sm>tly beat !m toge!r1 two at a "t4 ,?is drives ! du/ out m effectually ?an any?+ else4 ,vacuum clean]s :i* "w by means ( suction are sometimes useful 9 cases :]e l>ge accumulations ( du/ require to be remov$1 & n simply r$i/ribut$1 b a p[]ful v>iety is necess>y z ! small] vacuum clean]s remove ! top lay] ( du/ z a rule1 & leave a solid sub/ratum4 ,wood block & l9oleum cov]$ floors :5 treat$ ) wax poli% d n require to be scrubb$1 & ! surface rema9s smoo?1 & clean+ is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,!re are v>i\s floor prep>ations :i* are said to be effectual 9 keep+ d[n du/1 b mo/ ( !m produce discoloration 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 & p]iodical scrubb+s %\ld be arrang$ to re/ore ! orig9al col\r ( ! floor+4 ,,*apt] ,,xxii ,,bookb9d+ ,,& ,,repair+ #cbi4 ,g5]al4--,public libr>y b9d+ is an art by itself1 & is q di/9ct f ord9>y comm]cial bookb9d+ on ! "o h&1 & arti/ic b9d+ on ! o!r4 ,a b9d+ :i* is /rong en\gh to )/& ! h&l+ ( its own] & 8 fri5ds1 & beautiful en\gh to please ! ta/e ( ! fa/idi\s amateur1 may be practically useless 9 a position :]e x may h to endure ! h&l+ ( hundr$s1 or ev5 ?\s&s1 ( diff]5t p]sons1 all ( :om are n equally educat$ 9 ! prop] use ( books4 ,a public libr>y book requires to be b\nd neatly & /rongly1 ) p>ticul> reg>d to ! integrity ( ! /it*+ r ?an to its m]e cov]+1 al?\gh ?is has to be consid]$ 9 ! case ( mu*-us$ ref]5ce books4 #ccj4 ,= public libr>y "w only good b9d]s :o are exp]i5c$ 9 ?is p>ticul> class ( bookb9d+ %\ld be employ$4 ,9 _m cases1 especially 9 small t[ns1 ! "w turn$ out by local b9d]s is ab\t z bad z x c well be1 & j z likely to lead to ! rapid de/ruction ( books z to _! pres]vation4 ,*eapness does n 9 ?is matt] necess>ily mean economy1 nor is good workman%ip (t5 an accompanim5t ( l[ prices4 ,x may be said g5]ally t libr>y b9d+ is "o ( ! items ( ma9t5ance :i* no libr>y c af=d to h done *eaply & badly4 ,x is mu* bett]1 9 ! long run1 = a libr>y 9 a small prov9cial t[n to s5d its "w to a recogniz$ bookb9d] 9 a l>ge t[n1 & ev5 to pay c>riage bo? ways1 ?an to dep5d ^u ! local booksell] or /ation]1 :o only kn[s ab\t ! cas+ ( magaz9es4 ,a good b9d] w b9d a book 9 a mann] :i* w enable ! bo>ds to outlive ! leaves1 :ile a poor workman w require to h 8 "w done ov] aga9 v soon1 if1 mean:ile1 8 r\gh & unsci5tific me?ods h n t5d$ to %ort5 ! exi/5ce ( ! book4 #cca4 ,! "q ( b9d+ books f ! %eets1 or reb9d+ clo?- & pap]-bo>d books 9 lea!r1 be=e putt+ !m 9 circulation1 has be5 mu* debat$1 ?\gh x is really n a v =midable or difficult matt] aft] all4 ,z no "o c =etell ) c]ta9ty :e!r or n any giv5 book is go+ to be popul> & mu* us$1 x is manife/ly a mi/ake to h any book re-b\nd1 or specially b\nd f ! %eets1 until ?is v important po9t has be5 asc]ta9$4 ,"t alone c det]m9e :e!r a book is go+ to be popul>1 & = ?is reason !re seems little economy or ga9 9 specially b9d+ new books at ! outset4 ,books 9 publi%]s' clo? b9d+s1 :5 pr9t$ on pap] ( fair quality1 w (t5 circulate f tw5ty to =ty times be=e atta9+ a condition :i* requires re-b9d+1 & :5 /rongly & prop]ly reb\nd 9 lea!r or o!r bo>ds w outla/ ! book4 ,"s claims h be5 advanc$ ) reg>d to ! durability ( v>i\s /yles ( b9d+1 b x is impossible to ignore ! fact t x is ! pap] ( ! book & n ! cov]s ( ! b9d+ :i* =ms ! weak po9t4 ,! ,great ,w> has r5d]$ ?is pap] problem an acute "o4 ,= a few ye>s be=e #aiad libr>ians _h induc$ a few publi%]s to produce "s classes ( books on a sup]ior pap]1 & 9 a re9=c$ b9d+--t is1 "o accord+ to ! ,society ( ,arts & ,libr>y ,association recomm5dations--b ! w> conditions n only /opp$ all ?is1 !y prev5t$ ! importation ( pap] & pap]-mat]ials4 ,h5ce ! mo/ appall+ rubbi% 0 made to s]ve ! purpose ( book-pap]1 ) disa/r\s results = almo/ all books publi%$ f #aiae-ai4 ,few books publi%$ 9 t p]iod are 9 mat]ials t w la/ )\t any p>ticul> use = a decade1 & f> few] w /& ! h&l+ ( public libr>y read]s or be> re-b9d+ 9 any mat]ial heavi] ?an clo?4 ,! public acquiesc$ 9 ^! mat]ials z a w> necessity2 x has yet to be se5 if ! publi%]s1 hav+ f\nd ! public app>5tly cont5t$ ) !m1 w p]si/ 9 _! use :5 !y become *eap]4 ,e ef=t mu/ be made to prev5t x4 ,dirt is also z pot5t a factor z r\gh usage 9 %ort5+ ! life ( a book1 & x really matt]s little :at k9d ( special mat]ials or /it*+ are employ$ s9ce no book's exi/5ce c be prolong$ beyond a c]ta9 t]m ( ye>s :5 dirt & inf]ior pap] are su* important elem5ts 9 ! matt]4 ,!re are o!r factors 9 ! "q ( b9d+ f %eets1 & "o is ! difficulty ( obta9+ ! necess>y copies f publi%]s4 ,ano!r is ! fact t "s *eap novels _c be _h 9 quires at all1 &1 consequ5tly1 any advantage :i* may result f unus$ %eets giv+ a bett] & firm] hold = /it*+ _c be obta9$4 ,! durability ( new books re-b\nd 9 special mat]ials has be5 some:at exagg]at$1 & libr>ians & committees %\ld fir/ adopt ! ord9>y me?od ( all[+ use to det]m9e ! books :i* require re-b9d+4 ,b exp]im5ts %\ld also be tri$ ) special re-b9d+ & o!r plans 9 ord] to asc]ta9 :at is be/2 & a good g5]al rule w probably em]ge--no book %\ld be b\nd s well t ! cov] is 9 excell5t condition long aft] ! inside has be5 worn beyond r$emption4 #ccb4 ,x w\ld be a valuable concession if publi%]s w\ld issue "s copies ( e novel by well-kn[n au?ors1 pr9t$ on specially t\gh pap]1 & b\nd accord+ to ! specification giv5 9 ,section #cda4 ,?is w\ld meet e ne$ :i* exi/s = specially b\nd copies ( popul> books1 & give ! mu* m valuable advantage ( editions pr9t$ on pap] :i* is n m]e rubbi%4 #ccc4 ,home ,b9d+4--,! "q ( e/abli%+ a bookb9d+ plant1 = ! purpose ( conduct+ b9d+ on ! libr>y premises1 is "o :i* affects only ! l>ge libr>ies ( ! c\ntry2 b l>ge t[ns ) a numb] ( bran* libr>ies may f9d x bo? economical & advantage\s to e/abli% b9d]ies1 if n = ext5sive op]ations 9 ! b9d+ ( books1 at lea/ = _! repair & re-cas+4 ,at ,portsm\?1 ,hull1 ,bri/ol1 ,brighton1 ,b\rnem\? & else:]e home b9d]ies m or less ext5sive h be5 e/abli%$1 & ! exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 ^! places seems to v>y consid]ably4 ,! advantages accru+ to ! home b9d]y are obvi\s1 ap>t f t ( ! conv5i5ce ( hav+ ! "w done on ! libr>y premises2 ! libr>ian c select only ! be/ mat]ials & c sup]vise ! "w at e /age ( ! processes4 ,libr>ians :o h e/abli%$ su* a dep>tm5t are conv9c$ n only ( its conv5i5ce b also--a mu* m important po9t 9 pres5t circum/ances--its economy4 ,:5 x is rememb]$ t mu* o!r "w ?an ! actual b9d+ & re-cas+ ( books1 su* z illu/ration-m\nt+1 rul+1 magaz9e cov]-mak+1 etc41 may be c>ri$ out 9 ! home b9d]y1 !re is mu* to be said = x2 b until ! exp]im5t has be5 c>ri$ mu* fur!r home b9d+ is n advocat$ save 9 ! l>g] libr>ies4 ,a jo9t-/ock or coop]ative b9d]y c\ld be work$ by ! ,london ,metropolitan ,bor\gh ,libr>ies ) consid]able prospects ( success & economy1 b 9 isolat$ prov9cial t[ns ! plan is n s feasible4 #ccd4 ,repair+ dep>tm5ts /& ^u q ano!r foot+1 & "h !re is safe gr\nd = exp]im5t ) e prospect ( success4 ,at ,glasg[1 ,man*e/]1 ,croydon1 ,isl+ton & o!r places1 small repair+ plants h be5 9 op]ation = "s "t ) good results4 ,at all ! places m5tion$ wom5 work]s are employ$1 :o repair & re-case books1 /it* pamphlets 9 cov]s1 & ev5 b9d less important books :i* are n likely to be greatly us$4 ,lett]+ & numb]+ c also be done1 a useful bran* ( ! bookb9d]'s art1 c>ri$ on at a consid]able numb] ( libr>ies4 ,a repair+ plant su* z is us$ at ,croydon co/s less ?an #cj1 :ile ! wages ( a repair] may range f #djs4 weekly4 ,mat]ials also run into a c]ta9 sum p] annum1 accord+ to ! nature & am\nt ( "w done4 #cce4 ,f9i%+1 :i* includes lett]+ & numb]+1 c be done by memb]s ( ! libr>y /aff1 al?\gh in/ruction is sometimes difficult to obta9 ow+ to trade jeal\sy & ! regulations ( mo/ polyte*nic s*ools1 :i*1 ?\gh support$ by public funds1 d5y in/ruction to any save ^? actually engag$ 9 p>ticul> trades4 ,p]haps ! day w come :5 libr>y s*ools1 su* z t ab\t to be e/abli%$ 9 ,london at ,univ]sity ,college1 w include ?is subject :5 deal+ ) bookb9d+1 typography & all alli$ practical arts4 ,a complete f9i%+ plant1 includ+ sets ( numb]s & alphabets1 c be pur*as$ at a sum :i* ev5 small libr>ies c af=d4 ,! satisfaction ( accompli%+ on ! premises ! "w ( class lett]+ & numb]+1 :i* requires bo? c>e & neatness1 is great4 ,at any rate1 inquiry %\ld be made by libr>ians into ! possibilities ( e/abli%+ a f9i%+ dep>tm5t1 especially 9 cases :]e a sy/ematic classification is us$4#ab #ab ,see 8,specification = ! fitt+s ( a small b9d]y10 by ,f4 ,j4 ,williamson1 9 ,lea!r = ,libr>ies1 #aije4 #ccf4 ,mat]ials4--,= public libr>y purposes book-cov]+ mat]ials %\ld be ( ! mo/ durable sorts1 & x is n wise to employ _m diff]5t v>ieties ei!r ( clo?s or lea!rs4 ,ord9>y b9d]s' clo? is ne>ly z satisfactory z any?+ else = pres]v+ its col\r1 lett]+ & defy+ ! p]nici\s effects ( gas-lad5 atmosph]es & extremes ( temp]ature4 ,x w n /& mu* h&l+1 h[ev]1 & is v liable to we> out at ! corn]s & jo9ts4 ,nev]!less1 = little-us$ collections ( pamphlets1 sets ( local publications1 & o!r matt] :i* m]ely wants b9d+ = appe>ance's sake & /orage purposes1 ord9>y b9d]s' clo? is /rongly recomm5d$4 ,smoo? v>ieties are pref]able to r\gh or patt]n$ k9ds1 z be+ less liable to h>b\r du/4 ,ap>t f ord9>y b9d]s' clo?1 ! be/ kn[n v>ieties are l95 clo?s1 buckrams & ,pegamoid & ,rex9e clo?s4 ,pegamoid & ,rex9e clo?s are treat$ 9 a special way ) "s prep>ation ( celluloid to r5d] !m imp]vi\s to dirt & moi/ure4 ,= novels & o!r %ort-liv$ books ^! clo?s are wor? a trial1 z !y _c be reg>d$ z exp5sive4 ,at any rate1 exp]i5ce has prov$ t ^! mat]ials w outla/ any novel :i* may be re-b\nd 9 !m1 &1 aft] all1 t is z mu* z c be expect$ ( any b9d+4 ,lea!r %\ld r>ely be plac$ ^u little-us$ books1 & _m libr>ies :i* hi!rto us$ x = long sets1 h disc>d$ x 9 fav\r ( legal buckram1 or su* a mat]ial z ,w9t]bottam's wa%able clo?4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( h&l+ is necess>y = ! pres]vation ( mo/ lea!rs1 z ! animal grease f ! h&s is a pres]vative1 & !y det]iorate if ?is is n =?com+4 #ccg4 ,! pr9cipal lea!rs us$ = public libr>y b9d+s are pig-sk91 p]sian & levant moroccos1 & roan4 ,calf1 russia & o!r fancy lea!rs %\ld n be us$1 z !y turn brittle "u ! influ5ce ( heat$ & dry air1 & crumble to pieces4 ,ap>t f ?is1 !y are co/ly & o!rwise unsuitable = public libr>y purposes4 ,! lea!rs recomm5d$ %\ld be us$ accord+ to ! books :i* !y h to cov]1 & ! foll[+ li/ w give an idea ( ! be/ classes = :i* to use ea* k9d3-- ,levant morocco1 or real morocco1 made f goat-sk94 ,?is mat]ial %\ld be us$ = v valuable books :i* require a h&some & dignifi$ b9d+4 ,x is v durable1 b exp5sive = ord9>y "w4 ,p]sian morocco1 made f %eep-sk91 is n s de> or s good z levant morocco1 b is a durable & satisfactory lea!r if a good quality is procur$4 ,x %\ld be us$ = popul> books 9 ! non-fictional classes ( ! l5d+ dep>tm5t4 ,heavy books c be b\nd 9 ?is lea!r1 b pig-sk9 is bett]4 ,! m x is h&l$ ! bett] x we>s & keeps its condition4 ,roan is a k9d ( inf]ior %eep-sk91 ) a diff]5t gra9 & surface f ,p]sian morocco1 & is a useful & *eap lea!r = c]ta9 classes ( books1 su* z ! less popul> works ( travel1 sci5ce1 !ology1 fiction1 etc4 ,books up to ! cr[n octavo size c be half-b\nd 9 ?is mat]ial at prices rang+ f #as4 #f;d4 to #bs4 a volume4 ,heavy books are n recomm5d$ = b9d+ 9 ?is lea!r4 ,pig-sk9 is ! /ronge/ lea!r ( all1 & also ! mo/ durable = mu*-us$ heavy books2 b libr>ians %\ld make c]ta9 t real pig-sk9 is suppli$1 & n "s wret*$ imitation4 ,! price ( pig-sk9 is r m ?an good ,p]sian morocco4 ,all ref]5ce works1 su* z diction>ies1 atlases1 directories1 & o!r volumes :i* are be+ con/antly h&l$1 may well be b\nd 9 ?is4 ,all lea!rs specifi$ = bookb9d+ %\ld be ( ! acid-free description recomm5d$ by ! ,society ( ,arts ,committee 7#ahih-aijj7 & ! ,s\nd ,lea!r ,committee ( ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,suma*-tann$ lea!rs are n[ to be _h ) a special gu>antee f ! mak]s4 ,o!r b9d+ mat]ials1 su* z vellum1 p>*m5t1 canvas & pat5t lea!rs ( v>i\s k9ds1 are seldom requir$ 9 libr>ies1 & ne$ n be consid]$ fur!r4 ,prep>ations = spread+ on books to protect !m may also be pass$ ov]1 & also ! cont95tal & ,am]ican habit ( cov]+ all books 9 manilla or o!r pap] cov]s ( uni=m col\r4 ,mo/ ( ! s-call$ lea!r 8pres]vatives0 are hurtful r ?an helpful1 b x may be obs]v$ t "s lea!r b9d+s :i* get dry & worn w improve if treat$ ) ord9>y vasel9e4 ,x %\ld be rubb$ well & pl5tifully into ! texture ( ! lea!r ) ! f+]s1 & :5 x has soak$ 91 %\ld be wip$ ) a s(t clo?4 ,vasel9e is z good z any pat5t or o!r pres]vative = reviv+ decay+ & %abby lea!rs ( all k9ds1 al?\gh x dries quickly1 & furniture poli% has also be5 recomm5d$4 ,z reg>ds cov]s1 ! "t has n yet come :5 ! individuality ( a book1 z issu$ by its publi%]1 or giv5 by its appropriate libr>y b9d+1 requires to be hidd5 "u a pap] mask4 #cch4 ,class ,col\rs4--,9 sy/ematically classifi$ libr>ies !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( advantage to be ga9$ by re-b9d+ ea* class ( books1 z requir$1 9 "s appropriate col\r4 ,:5 op5 access to ! %elves is also grant$1 !re is a v consid]able aid to ! ma9t5ance ( ord] giv5 by ! use ( di/9ctive class col\rs4 ,?us1 ,sci5ce may be light br[n or fawn col\r2 ,f9e ,arts1 orange2 ,social ,sci5ce1 light gre52 ,!ology1 etc41 black2 ,hi/ory & ,travel1 d>k gre52 ,biography1 m>oon2 ,philology1 light blue2 ,poetry1 r$2 ,fiction1 d>k br[n2 & ,juv5ile1 yell[2 & s on to any degree4 ,a v>iation ( ?is plan is to v>y ! col\rs = au?ors1 b9d+ ea* di/9ctively2 ?is gives a n unpleas+ v>iety to ! %elves & has a c]ta9 arrang+ value4 #cci4 ,lett]+ & ,numb]+4--,:5 lett]+ & numb]+ h to be done ap>t f ! re-b9d+1 !y c be execut$ by ! /aff aft] a little practice1 z po9t$ out 9 ,section #cce4 ,! object ( lett]+ is to facilitate ! f9d+ ( books1 & = ?is reason x %\ld be cle> & bold4 ,x is also possible by means ( a little v>iation to obta9 a c]ta9 am\nt ( class-guid+ 9 ! sy/em ( lett]+1 & x %\ld be made an inv>iable pr9ciple 9 e public libr>y to adopt a c]ta9 ord] ( p>ticul>s on ! backs ( books1 & /ick to ! ord]4 ,too (t5 ?is important matt] is left to ! fitful fancy ( ! b9d]'s f9i%]1 ) ! result t v frequ5tly ! au?or's "n appe>s 9 all ! panels 9 rotation4 ,! s]ies ( sugge/ions giv5 9 ,fig4 #abg = deal+ ) ea* class is (f]$ z a basis on :i* any libr>ian c build a sy/em ( 8 own4 ,! lett]+s are arrang$ to provide = titles1 au?ors1 volume numb]s1 class numb]s1 & dates ( publication :5 necess>y4 ,class lett]s & numb]s occupy "o def9ite place on ea* book1 :i* is n subject to v>iations 9 height :5 appe>+ on books ( diff]5t sizes4 ,! m>k+s "h figur$ = ! backs ( books are arrang$ s t titles occupy ! lead+ panel 9 all classes & !reby correspond ) ! great majority ( ! books z issu$ by publi%]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abg4--,specim5s ( ,class ,lett]+ & ,numb]+ 7,section #cci74 ,! *ief po9ts to emphasize 9 ^! sugge/$ lett]+s are t ! class lett] & numb] %\ld always occupy ! same relative position irrespective ( ! size ( ! volume1 namely1 ab\t two in*es f ! foot1 & t alphabetical classes l ,fiction1 ,poetry & ,essays %\ld be boldly lett]$ ) ! fir/ ?ree lett]s ( ! au?or's surname1 or numb]s f an au?or table1 :ile ,individual ,biography only %\ld be simil>ly m>k$ ) ! surname lett]s ( ! subject ( ! biography1 b n ! au?or1 save 9 ! case ( autobiographies1 lett]s1 etc4 ,if x %\ld be ?\ght necess>y to add ! accession numb]s1 !y c be plac$ out ( ! way 9 ! top half-panel1 z %[n 9 ,no4 #g1 :ile %elf col\rs = op5 access c be add$ at ! po9ts sugge/$ 9 ,section #bdc4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #abh4--,specim5s ( ,class ,lett]+ & ,numb]+ 7,section #cdj74 #cdj4 ,! pr9cipal alt]native me?od is t m5tion$ 9 ! *apt] on classification 7,section #bda71 :]e ! book is lett]$ 9 accordance ) :at is ?\ght to be ! natural process 9 arrang+ & f9d+ books4 ,?us a book is arrang$ on ! %elves fir/ by its class1 second by its au?or1 ?ird by its title1 except 9 ! case ( individual biography1 :]e ! "n ( ! biographee takes ! panel :i* 9 o!r books is devot$ to ! au?or1 & ! au?or takes ! panel bel[ ! title4 ,fig4 #abh w indicate suffici5tly ! appe>ance ( su* a lett]+ s*eme1 & w %[ h[ x subord9ates ord9>y usage to libr>y purposes1 especially 9 ! ?ird example4 ,no4 #c br+s ,d[d5's book into ! gr\p ( ,%akesp]ian books1 & %[s ! spell+ ( ! "n pref]r$ 9 ! catalogue = ! head+2 & ,no4 #d %[s ! me?od ( indicat+ bo? ! real "n ( ! au?or1 :i* is ! catalogue head+ & arrang+ "n1 & also ! au?or's pseudonym4 #cda4 ,specification4--,:e!r or n libr>y b9d+ %\ld be done by t5d]1 :i* 9 practice means giv+ ! "w to ! l[e/ bidd]1 is a "q :i* diff]5t places mu/ settle 9 diff]5t ways4 ,sometimes t5d]s are insi/$ ^u by ! municipality = all "w done ) public funds4 ,x mu/ be recogniz$1 h[ev]1 t b9d+ is a v v>i$ matt]1 "s books requir+ special treatm5t1 & t b9d]s are equally v>i$ 9 _! ability to d special "w4 ,! be/ results c only be obta9$ if ! libr>ian has p[] to s5d c]ta9 classes ( "w to ! firms be/ qualifi$ to deal ) !m4 ,s f> z g5]al b9d+ is conc]n$1 ! pres5t-day comb9ation ( ma/]-b9d]s has levell$ up prices until e b9d] quotes practically ! same figures2 s !re does n seem mu* to be ga9$ by t5d]s1 except t legal =mality :i* is s mu* approv$ by public au?orities4 ,if x is us$1 bookb9d+ specification %\ld include e po9t :i* has any be>+ on ! co/1 f9i% & workman%ip ( ! books4 ,! specification ( ! ,society ( ,arts & t draft$ by ,mr ,d\glas ,cock]ell are v good1 & _m ( _! po9ts c\ld be includ$ 9 a specification = libr>y b9d+4 ,z requirem5ts diff] 9 e libr>y1 x is impossible to attempt ! draft+ ( a model specification :i* w meet e case1 b ! details set out 9 ! foll[+ draft may prove useful & sugge/ive3 ,,draft ,,bookb9d+ ,,specification4 ,to ! ,public ,libr>ies ,committee (4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,date4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,g5tlem51 4 4 4 4 4 4 und]take to b9d books = !4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,public ,libr>ies ,committee 9 ! mann] specifi$ bel[1 at ! prices /at$ 9 ! annex$ s*$ule1 = "o ye> f4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 to4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,all books to be well beat5 or roll$1 & c>e tak5 to avoid set-(f ( ink 9 new books4 ,to be sewn "o-%eet-on1 on /rong tapes2 ! fir/ & la/ %eets to be enclos$ at back 9 l95 /rips4 ,all sections brok5 at ! back to be enclos$ 9 l95 /rips1 & neatly ov]ca/1 n less ?an f\r /it*es to ! in*1 be=e be+ sewn to ! tapes4 ,f\r tapes to be all[$ = cr[n #hvos2 o!r sizes 9 proportion4 ,! tapes to be firmly secur$ betwe5 ! back & front bo>ds1 :i* mu/ be c>efully split to receive !m4 ,9 lea!r-b\nd books1 ! backs to be made close & flexible1 )\t b&s1 save 9 cases to be sep>ately notifi$1 b ) bl9d fillets 9 imitation ( b&s4 ,lea!rs z specifi$ 9 s*$ule1 ) smoo? clo? sides to mat* col\r ( lea!rs4 ,,s*$ule ,,( ,,prices ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,sizes4 ,half ,half ,half ,half ,be/ ,be/ ,levant,p]sian,pig- ,roan4,l954,ordi- ,moroc-,moroc- sk94 n>y co4 co4 ,clo?4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,fcap4 #hvo 7#f #d7 ,cr[n #hvo 7#g #d7 ,po/ #hvo 7#h #e7 ,demy #hvo 7#i #f7 ,m$ium #hvo 7#i #f7 ,royal #hvo 7#aj #f7 ,imp]ial #hvo 7#aa #g7 ,qu>to 7#aa #h7 ,folio 7#ac #h7 ---------------------------------------- -------------------- ,prices ( o!r sizes to be 9 proportion4 ,extras3 ,p] in* = folios ov] ?irte5 in*es4 ,= lett]+ l>ge initials 9 classes #hjj & #ibj 4 4 4 p] hundr$4 ,= m5d+ torn or brok5 leaves4 ,= gu>d+ plates 9 l95 or jaconet1 p] doz54 ,= m\nt+ & dissect+ maps1 etc41 on f9e l951 p] sq4 foot4 4 4 4 ,= extra ?ickness1 if books m ?an half ! wid? ( bo>ds4 4 4 4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,9 clo?- or pegamoid-b\nd books1 ! backs to be made op51 ) suitable l9+s4 ,edges to be v c>efully cut1 spr9kl$ & burni%$1 b only :5 ! m>g9s are n too small2 o!rwise to be left ) pro( & top edge only smoo!d4 ,end-pap]s to be ( /\t1 col\r$1 m>bl$ or pr9t$ pap]1 ) at lea/ "o :ite leaf be=e & aft] ! pr9t$ matt]4 7,or z an alt]native--! special libr>y end-pap]s to be us$ 9 all books re-b\nd1 etc47 ,l95 or o!r /rong clo? jo9ts 9 all books4 ,lett]$ 9 gold ) au?or's "n1 title1 class numb]s1 initials1 etc41 z p] sep>ate diagram %[+ arrangem5t ( lett]+ = ea* class4 ,! col\rs ( lea!rs & clo?s = ea* class to be z specifi$ 9 ! diagram4 ,! ord] ( lett]+ & col\rs to be ma9ta9$ unless alt]$ by ! in/ructions1 & class lett]s & numb]s to be plac$ at a uni=m height ( two in*es f ! foot ( ea* book1 irrespective ( size4 ,include all wrapp]s1 cancell$ matt]1 & adv]tisem5t pages ( c]ta9 magaz9es at ! end ( volumes1 9 _! publi%$ ord]4 ,all mat]ials us$ to be ( ! be/ quality1 & ! "w done c>efully & promptly4 ,defici5cies & irregul>ities 9 books1 if any1 to be report$ to ! libr>ian4 ,ea* lot ( b9d+ to be f9i%$ & return$ )9 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 weeks f ! date ( ord]4 ,%\ld !re be any extras *>geable beyond ^? provid$ = 9 ?is specification1 !y mu/ be report$ to ! libr>ian be=e ! "w is proce$$ )4 ,samples ( ! mann] 9 :i* 4 4 4 4 4 4 propose to b9d books 9 accordance ) ?is specification are s5t h]e)4 ,signature ( firm4 4444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,date :5 ,class ,date s5t4 ,lett]+4& ,no4,in/ruction4,return$4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,,fig4 #abi4--;,b9d+ ,%eet 7,section #cdb74 ,"s libr>ies use vellum in/ead ( lea!r corn]s1 :ile o!rs h ! corn]s ( ! leaves neatly r\nd$ l a pack ( mod]n play+ c>ds1 & "s h ! bo>ds r\nd$ to correspond4 ,x is a good plan to h ! corn]s ( ! leaves slightly r\nd$1 b add$ corn]s ( vellum (t5 result 9 ! r\gh+-up ( ! clo? :i* fits d[n to _! edges1 & !re is no great b5efit aris+ f ! r\nd+ ( ! corn]s ( ! cov]s4 ,o!r po9ts w d\btless arise 9 ! practice ( e libr>y1 & ^! mu/ be provid$ = z ?\ght be/4 ,metal corn]-pieces let 9 betwe5 ! split bo>ds are n recomm5d$4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,progressive ,date ( ,date ,no4 ,despat*4,lett]+4,class4,mat]ial4,return $4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #a ---------------------------------------- -------------- #b ---------------------------------------- -------------- #c ---------------------------------------- -------------- #d ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,fig4 #acj4--;,b9d+ ,ord] ,book 7,section #cdb74 #cdb4 ,records & ,*ecks4--,:5 a lot ( books = b9d+ is s5t out x mu/ be accompani$ by a set ( in/ructions to ! b9d]1 & a copy ( ?is mu/ be reta9$ at ! libr>y z a record & to *eck ! books :5 return$4 ,! mo/ usual plan is to s5d out a b9d+ %eet1 rul$ z 9 ,fig4 #abi1 on :i* are ent]$ ! p>ticul>s ( ! books requir+ b9d+4 ,^! p>ticul>s are also ent]$ 9 a b9d+ book1 rul$ exactly ! same z ! %eets1 & 9 ! la/ column ( ?is ! books are m>k$ (f z return$4 ,?is result1 & an actual facsimile copy1 may be obta9$ by us+ a duplicat+ book1 ! %eet s5t to ! b9d] be+ s p]=at$ z to be easily removable4 ,! d\ble copy+ involv$ 9 mak+ out two sep>ate %eets is ?us avoid$4 ,x is usual to make ! b9d]'s mess5g] *eck ov] & sign = e lot ( books at ! end ( ! page4 ,ano!r me?od1 :i* possesses ! advantage ( enabl+ ! b9d] to di/ribute ! "w 9 8 work%op1 & makes e book c>ry its own in/ruction1 is z foll[s3 ,procure a l>ge book ( p]=at$ slips1 ) a c\nt]p>t page1 unp]=at$1 beh9d e page ( slips1 9 ! /yle ( a manifold ord] book4 ,h ^! pages rul$ z 9 ,fig4 #acj1 & progressively numb]$4 ,or sep>ate ord] slips1 z "u 7,fig4 #aca71 c be us$1 & _! purport briefly ent]$ 9 a b9d+ book rul$ to %[ title1 class & date return$1 ) a column = a consecutive numb]1 :i* ( c\rse w\ld be writt5 on ! correspond+ slip4 -------------------------------------- ,no4 ,date s5t ,,lett]+ --------------------------------------- ,,title --------------------------------------- ,,au?or --------------------------------------- ,,vol4 ,no4 --------------------------------------- ,,class ,no4 ,mat]ial --------------------------------------- ,o!r in/ructions --------------------------------------- ,,fig4 #aca4--;,b9d+ ,ord] ,slip 7,section #cdb74 ,:5 an ord] = b9d+ is be+ made up ea* book is ent]$ on a numb]$ slip1 p5-c>bon or o!r copy+ pap] be+ plac$ betwe5 ! slips & ! c\nt]p>t bel[4 ,dates c be /amp$ to save "t4 ,! slips are !n deta*$ & plac$ 9 ! books to :i* !y ref]4 ,an ord9>y ord] =m is !n made out 9 "s su* t]ms z3 ,mr44444444444444444444 w please b9d z p] contract & sep>ate in/ructions ! 444444444444 books s5t h]e)1 compris+ numb]s 444444444 to 444444444444 ,! b9d]'s mess5g] c sign ! book on ! la/ c\nt]foil1 9 a =m l ?is3 ,receiv$ on 4444444444 f ! 4444444444444444 ,public ,libr>y 444444 volumes = b9d+4 ,or a rubb] /amp ) ^! words & blanks c be us$4 ,! object ( ! progressive numb] is to af=d a ready means ( id5tify+ in/ructions & asc]ta9+ 9 an easy mann] ! numb] ( books b\nd 9 any "o ye>4 ,^! numb]s may also be writt5 9 ink at ! end ( ! lett]press ( ea* book1 z a means ( asc]ta9+ h[ (t5 any book has be5 re-b\nd4 ,! price1 if c>ri$ into ! column res]v$ = ! progressive numb] 9 ! c\nt]p>t1 w also be a useful record to keep4 ,by simply ref]r+ to ! progressive numb]s x is possible to asc]ta9 ! price paid = successive re-b9d+s1 & to keep a *eck on ! :ole ( ! "w4 #cdc4 ,repairs %\ld n be ent]$ 9 ?is book4 ,x is bett] to use an ord9>y ord] %eet & copy x 9 ! press ord] book4 ,x c be head$3 ,mr444444444444 w please re-case ! foll[+ books3 or ,mr444444444444 w please repair ! foll[+ books1 z p] in/ructions add$ to ea*3 #cdd4 ,miscellane\s4--,tape or ribbon ,,book-,,m>ks are sometimes plac$ 9 public libr>y books1 b a mu* m obvi\s & useful plan is to pr9t a special book-m>k ) a fold+-ov] tab1 :i* c be plac$ 9 all books :i* are issu$1 & n conf9$ simply to ^? :i* are re-b\nd4 ,a good =m ( m>k] c h "o or two po9t$ rules = ! due c>e & pres]vation ( books pr9t$ on a conspicu\s "p4 ,"s ent]pris+ firms give away book-m>ks ( v>i\s k9ds1 _m publi%]s ins]t adv]tis+ c>ds :i* s]ve z m>k]s1 & occasionally an adv]tis+ ag5t w supply a libr>y ) book-m>ks1 & pay = ! privilege1 on be+ all[$ to use "s "p ( x = adv]tisem5ts f :i* he draws ! rev5ue4 #cde4 ,special ,,end-,,pap]s h be5 introduc$ 9 a few libr>ies to be plac$ 9 re-b\nd books4 ,!y s]ve ! purpose ( an own]%ip m>k m effectually ?an a book-plate1 b1 ( c\rse1 !y c only be us$ 9 ! books :i* happ5 to require re-b9d+4 ,! ,croydon end-pap] is q an elaborate design1 giv+ comp>tm5ts %[+ ! arms1 monogram & a view ( ! t[n hall4 ,end-pap]s ( ?is k9d are a luxury :i* few public libr>ies c af=d4 #cdf4 ,an effective way ( plac+ an indelible m>k ( own]%ip ^u a public libr>y book is to impress a bl9d /amp ^u ! outside front bo>d4 ,?is c be done by means ( a screw-press & a special die1 & ne$ n co/ m ?an #aj4 ,any memb] ( ! /aff c impress su* a /amp1 & x is bett] ?an conf9+ ?is m>k ( own]%ip simply to books :i* h be5 re-b\nd4 ,a circul> /amp is be/1 z x w always appe> /raight4 #cdg4 ,,bibliography ,bailey1 ,a4 ,l4 ,libr>y ,bookb9d+1 #aiaf4 ,h4 ,w4 ,wilson ,co4 ,*iv]s1 ,c$ric4 ,! ,pap] ( ,l5d+ ,libr>y ,books3 ) "s rem>ks on _! b9d+1 #aiji4 ,cock]ell1 ,d4 ,bookb9d+ & ! ,c>e ( ,books1 #aija4 ,c\tts & ,/eph54 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,bookb9d+1 #aiaa4 ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,notes on ,bookb9d+1 #aijf4 ,graesel1 ,a4 ,libr>y ,b9d+4 ,9 8 ,biblio!kslehre1 #aijb4 ,john/on1 ,d4 ,v4 ,r4 ,libr>y ,b9d+4 ,u4,s4 ,educ4 ,rept41 #ahib-ahic1 vol4 i41 p4 #ijg4 ,lea!r = ,libr>ies1 #aije4 ,philip1 ,a4 ,j4 ,! ,bus9ess ( ,bookl5d+1 #aiab4 ,society ( ,arts4 ,report ( ! ,committee on ,lea!r = ,bookb9d+1 #aije4 ,/eph51 ,g4 ,a4 ,comm]cial ,bookb9d+1 #aiaj4 ,= articles see ,cannons1 ,k #a-ba1 ,bookb9d+4 ,,division ,x ,,rules ,,& ,,regulations ,,*apt] ,,xxiii ,,rules ,,& ,,regulations #cdh4 ,g5]al4---,a public libr>y is an in/itution bas$ ^u broad l9es ( mutual co-op]ation1 9 :i* e citiz5 has equal rights1 & 9 :i* ! rules %\ld be draft$ to protect ! common propriet>y rights1 )\t p5aliz+ any section ( ! community4 ,h5ce ! lib]al attitude :i* recognizes t ! :ole purpose ( libr>ian%ip is to get books us$ mu/ be br\ght to ! draft+ ( rules4 ,=tunately ?is attitude is becom+ m common1 if x is n univ]sal1 & ! :ole t5d5cy ( mod]n public libr>y "w is to break d[n all b>ri]s betwe5 ! read]s & ! free/ use ( books4 ,inde$1 x is bett] to lose a few books ye>ly ?an to protect !m f ! v few di%one/ p :o may live 9 ! community by means :i* militate aga9/ ! lib]ty ( read]s4 #cdi4 ,h\rs4--,! numb] ( h\rs dur+ :i* municipal libr>ies %\ld rema9 op5 to ! public w v>y accord+ to ! local conditions1 /aff & funds ( e t[n & di/rict4 ,9 small places1 ) scanty populations & little libr>ies ) b "o att5dant1 a few h\rs op5 at night on sev]al days 9 ! week1 accord+ to requirem5ts1 w s]ve e practical purpose4 ,9 t[ns ( a fair size1 ( say f #aj1jjj to #cj1jjj p1 ! read+ rooms %\ld be op5 all day un9t]rupt$ly f #aj to #i or #aj1 b ! l5d+ libr>y ne$ only be kept op5 f #aj to #b & f #e to #i4 ,9 l>ge t[ns ( ov] #dj1jjj inhabitants1 ! libr>ies %\ld rema9 op5 all day f e>ly morn+ till late at night--say f #h ,a4,m4 till #aj ,p4,m4 = newsrooms2 #i ,a4,m4 till #aj ,p4,m4 = ref]5ce libr>ies2 #aj ,a4,m4 till #i ,p4,m4 = l5d+ libr>ies2 & #d till #h ,p4,m4 = juv5ile dep>tm5ts1 if any4 ,!re %\ld be no int]ruptions1 at any rate s f> z dep>tm5ts o!r ?an ! l5d+ libr>y are conc]n$1 to ^! s]vices1 ei!r 9 ! way ( half- or :ole-day clos+ to suit ! /aff1 or any irregul>ity 9 h\rs4 ,! public libr>y is a bureau = ! supply ( in=mation1 & %\ld be f\nd op5 at any "t 9 a work+-day1 dur+ :i* p are likely to use its res\rces4 ,9 l>ge t[ns !re is no necess>y connexion betwe5 ! public h\rs & ! /aff1 & 9 an important matt] ( ?is k9d1 :i* affects ! conv5i5ce ( hundr$s ( p1 ! policy ( employ+ extra assi/ance1 9 ord] to keep ! libr>y op5 all day & e day )\t ov]work+ ! /aff1 %\ld n be que/ion$4 ,x may be argu$ t if "o t[n ( a c]ta9 size c keep its public libr>ies op5 all day & e day 7save ,sundays & holidays1 ( c\rse71 e simil> t[n & all l>g] ones c easily d likewise4 ,b1 z may be se5 by ref]5ce to ,gre5wood's ,briti% ,libr>y ,ye> ,book1 #aijj-aija1 ?is is n inv>iably ! case4 ,a c>eful & well-con/ruct$ "t-%eet w (t5 get ov] difficulties :i* may seem to arise f "u-/aff+ or o!r conditions4 ,!re h be51 & possibly /ill may be1 libr>ies 9 :i*1 l>gely because ( badly con/ruct$ "t-%eets1 ! assi/ants are giv5 only "o ev5+ (f weekly1 & "w f eight to n9e h\rs daily1 al?\gh ! libr>y is clos$ = a half-day e week1 & ?us bo? assi/ants & public are incommod$4 ,at ! same "t1 to dogmatize ^u ! "q ( h\rs is unwise1 z local circum/ances condition ! "q s mu*4 ,moreov]1 ! rec5t movem5ts 9 ! indu/rial & comm]cial worlds are 9 ! direction ( r$uc+ work+ h\rs1 & mo/ p are n[ at lib]ty be=e #g ,p4,m41 a fact :i* does away ) ! necessity1 if n ! conv5i5ce1 ( keep+ libr>ies op5 to ! late h\rs until rec5tly 9 vogue4 ,aga91 a suburban libr>y1 ) a population :i* returns f a neighb\r+ city 9 ! ev5+s1 has ne$ to be op5 lat] ?an "o1 say1 9 ! city itself4 ,! :ole matt] is "o ( public conv5i5ce1 & if x is rememb]$ t to h ! libr>y us$ to its fulle/ limit is ! ideal1 ! h\rs w be *os5 well4 ,at ! same "t1 !re are always read]s :o pref] to use ! libr>y 9 ! la/ h\r ( ! day1 :atev] t h\r may be4 ,if ! clos+ h\r is n9e1 !y w arrive at #h4de2 if eight1 at #g4de1 & s on2 x is a curi\s1 n uncommon human trait1 :i* may be borne 9 m9d :5 h\rs are be+ arrang$4 #cej4 ,age ,limits4--,!re are wide diff]5ces 9 ! practice z reg>ds ! limit ( age f :i* p]sons are all[$ to use ! libr>ies1 b )9 rec5t ye>s ! op9ion on ?is po9t has und]gone consid]able *ange4 ,=m]ly p]sons "u eighte5 & sixte5 7 =bidd5 ! use ( public libr>ies2 n[ su* high limits are v uncommon1 ?\gh f\rte5 is /ill frequ5tly se5 9 ! rules ( o!rwise progressive libr>ies4 ,( c\rse1 local conditions mu/ receive due consid]ation 9 ?is matt]1 ?\gh x is difficult to ?9k ( any circum/ance :i* calls = any di/9ction be+ made betwe5 *ildr5 ( twelve & ^? ( f\rte5 ye>s ( age4 ,!re are hundr$s ( bright1 intellig5t lads & girls ( twelve :o are ! equals 9 k & ability ( _! fell[s ( ?irte5 & f\rte5 ye>s ( age2 9 fact1 *ildr5 d n fit1 intellectually1 into age-comp>tm5ts2 _! capacities are surpris+ly individual4 ,:at seems reasonable is ! entire abolition ( age limits 9 l5d+ libr>ies1 subject to ! res]vation t ! libr>ian %\ld h discretion>y p[] to refuse to issue books to any *ild unable to read & write4 ,fail+ ?is1 ! limit might be fix$ at twelve :]e !re are no sep>ate juv5ile libr>ies1 b r$uc$ to sev5 :]e su* dep>tm5ts exi/4 ,!re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( tr\ble & inconv5i5ce to adults result+ f admitt+ v "y *ildr51 especially 9 op5 access & o!r libr>ies )\t sep>ate juv5ile accommodation1 & ?is w\ld be p>tly met by ! compromise propos$4 ,sep>ate *ildr5's libr>ies are ! solution ( ! difficulty1 &1 :5 ^! c be provid$ all r\nd1 ! age limit d[nw>ds c be aboli%$ s f> z !y are conc]n$1 :ile ! limit = ! adult libr>y c be rais$ to twelve or f\rte54 ,b adequate provision %\ld be made = int]*ang+1 & all necess>y facilities provid$ = enabl+ intellig5t "y p "u ! limit to procure suitable m advanc$ books if desir$1 & also = all[+ adults to revive _! y\? by all[+ !m access to ! works ( ,ballantyne1 ,h5ty & o!r au?ors4 #cea4 ,z reg>ds age limits 9 ref]5ce libr>ies & read+ rooms1 !re is m to be said = keep+ !m high ?an 9 ! case ( l5d+ libr>ies1 especially :5 !re are sep>ate *ildr5's rooms4 ,b1 g5]ally speak+1 !re is no /rong reason = exclud+ well-conduct$ boys or girls f a popul> read+ room1 :atev] _! ages may be1 provid$ !y d n come dur+ s*ool h\rs1 or d n o!rwise make ! libr>y a place 9 :i* to hide f "s duty4 ,9 "s libr>ies1 ) age limits ( twelve1 f\rte5 or ov]1 x is ! practice to turn away y\ng] *ildr5 f news & read+ rooms 9 cases :]e !y are accompani$ by _! p>5ts or eld]s4 ,?is is an abuse ( a rule :i* 0 only int5d$ to protect read]s f ! noisy incursions ( irresponsible y\ng/]s1 :o are wont to /ray into public places out ( %e] devilm5t1 or accid5t1 or excess ( curiosity4 ,to apply ?is rule to *ildr5 9 arms1 or y\ng/]s accompani$ by & 9 *>ge ( _! eld]s1 is simply (ficialism calculat$ to injure ! popul>ity & pre/ige ( municipal libr>ies4 ,! age limit = a ref]5ce libr>y design$ = /ud5ts1 ) op5 access to ! %elves1 %\ld be fix$ at f\rte5 or sixte51 ) discretion>y p[] to ! libr>ian to grant p]mits to any /udi\s y\ng/] "u t age4 ,:]e access to public read+ rooms & juv5ile dep>tm5ts is easy1 !re seems no good reason = ?r[+ op5 ! ref]5ce libr>y to all & sundry1 unless "u ! safegu>ds sugge/$4 #ceb4 ,! ,borr[+ ,"r4--,!re are sev]al po9ts 9 connexion ) ! borr[+ rights ( v>i\s classes ( citiz5s :i* x is desirable to notice1 especially z !y h mu* be>+ on ! "q ( a libr>y's popul>ity & good managem5t4 ,9 "s t[ns ! borr[+ "r is /rictly conf9$ to ratepay]s or resid5ts 9 ! libr>y di/rict4 ,employees :o live outside ! di/rict are exclud$1 b = :at p>ticul> reason x is difficult to und]/&4 ,an employee contributes directly to ! mat]ial well-be+ ( ! di/rict 9 :i* 8 "w lies2 he contributes indirectly b sub/antially t[>ds ! rates2 he sp5ds mo/ ( 8 wak+ & all 8 work+ h\rs 9 ! di/rict2 & 9 o!r ways he is z mu* a citiz5 z ! resid5t :o works outside ! di/rict & only sleeps 9 x at night4 ,x is impossible to discov] any reason = ! di/9ction made betwe5 employee & resid5t 9 "s places1 & x may be po9t$ out t pl5ty ( l>ge t[ns grant ! borr[+ "r to employees )\t ! slighte/ inconv5i5ce1 difficulty or inju/ice to anyone4 ,a fur!r wise lib]ality p]mits borr[+ privileges to all non-resid5t s*ol>s & /ud5ts at s*ools or simil> in/itutions 9 ! t[n4 ,simil> argum5ts apply 9 fav\r ( su* an arrangem5t1 & ^! "y folks are usually read]s ( a valuable type4 #cec4 ,tea*]s & o!rs engag$ 9 educational "w %\ld be dealt ) z g5]\sly z possible1 & %\ld be l5t z _m books z !y ne$ at a "t = purposes ( _! "w4 ,f six to twelve works are frequ5tly requir$ by a tea*] 9 prep>+ a subject1 & he %\ld be all[$ to h !m1 ! mo/ lib]al int]pretation possible be+ giv5 to ?is privilege4 ,obvi\sly no tea*] %\ld be p]mitt$ to make 8 ne$s an excuse = borr[+ bat*es ( curr5t & popul> works to ! detrim5t ( o!r read]s1 b x is bett] to risk ev5 ?is ?an to fail him 9 :at may be an important matt]4 ,a tea*] rea*es f>!r ?an ! av]age individual4 #ced4 ,ano!r regulation :i* tells aga9/ ! int]e/s ( municipal libr>ies is t 9 :i* e int5d+ borr[]1 ratepay] or o!rwise1 is requir$ to obta9 ! signatures ( "o or two regi/]$ ratepay]s z gu>antors be=e a ticket w be issu$4 ,x is n necess>y to imag9e reasons = ?is v s]i\s ob/acle to int5d+ borr[]s4 ,s9ce _m l>ge & small t[ns disp5se ) ?is precaution 9 ! case ( ratepay]s1 & all[ non-ratepay]s & comp\nd+ h\sehold]s to h tickets on ! gu>antee or recomm5dation ( "o ratepay] or on leav+ a small deposit1 !re is no reason :y ?is elaborate d\ble gu>antee %\ld n be aboli%$ all r\nd4 ,! "t w d\btless come :5 gu>antees ( all k9ds w be aboli%$ & suitable recomm5dations sub/itut$4 ,!re are o!r antiquat$ & ne$less re/rictions 9 connexion ) ! borr[+ "r :i* ne$ n be specifi$ at l5g?1 b are gr\p$ toge!r "h z examples ( bad rules = :i* !re is little ju/ification4 #a4 ,! illegal *>ge ( #a;d4 or #b;d4 = tickets or v\*] =ms1 /ill levi$ 9 "s places 9 defiance ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act1 #ahib1 ,section #aa1 ,sub-section 7#c72 & v>i\s judicial decisions4 #b4 ,requir+ m ?an ?ree days' notice be=e issu+ a borr[]'s ticket4 7,9 "s places borr[]s are requir$ to wait = a week or f\rte5 days f ! date ( lodg+ _! application = tickets47 #c4 ,limit+ ! "t = read+ books to less ?an f\rte5 days4 #d4 ,refus+ to r5ew books by po/-c>d1 lett]1 telephone1 or mess5g]1 & requir+ t ! actual books %all be br\ght back to be re-dat$4 #e4 ,! imposition ( f9es am\nt+ to m ?an #a;d4 p] week or "p ( a week = ov]due books4 7,9 c]ta9 libr>ies1 "s ( :i* are n press$ = funds1 ! exorbitant f9e ( #a;d4 p] day is impos$ = ov]due books1 ) a "t limit ( sev51 t5 & f\rte5 days4 ,?is "q is fur!r consid]$ 9 ,section #cee47 #f4 ,refus+ to ex*ange books on ! same day z t on :i* !y are issu$4 7,z ! books :i* are br\ght back = ex*ange are usually ^? :i* ! borr[]s h read previ\sly1 !re seems little ne$ = su* a disoblig+ rule47 #g4 ,refus+ to issue books on ! same day z t on :i* !y are return$ to ! libr>y4 7,a common practice 9 ! old-fa%ion$ libr>ies1 work$ by means ( *>g+ l$g]s1 b /ill f\nd 9 sev]al mu* m up-to-date libr>ies4 ,! same craze = tantaliz+ ! public has 9 a m9or degree infect$ "s op5 access l5d+ libr>ies :i* w n re-issue return$ books until !y h be5 replac$ on _! %elves by ! assi/ants47 #h4 ,*>g+ borr[]s #a;d4 or #b;d4 z a p5alty = los+ _! tickets & requir+ !m to be re-issu$4 7,qu]y1 a contrav5tion ( ! ,act47 #i4 ,disall[+ ! use ( ink = copy+ purposes 9 all circum/ances4 #aj4 ,all[+ only "o volume at a "t to borr[]s4 #aa4 ,re/rict+ ! numb] ( books :i* a ref]5ce read] may h at "o "t4 #cee4 ,f9es & ,p5alties4--,s long z ! pres5t rate limitation rema9s z fix$ by successive ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 f9es w cont9ue to be levi$ 9 ,briti% municipal libr>ies4 ,!re is no d\bt t ! small incomes realiz$ 9 mo/ public libr>ies f ! nigg>dly provision made by ,p>liam5t is "o cause ( ! ef=ts made 9 _m cases to increase funds1 by impos+ f9es ( v>y+ degrees ( sev]ity ^u ! borr[]s f l5d+ libr>ies4 ,?is is1 inde$1 ! pr9cipal reason1 ?\gh x is said t1 b = p5alties ( "s sort1 books w\ld nev] be return$ at all4 ,!re may be "s tru? 9 ?is1 z reg>ds a small proportion ( borr[]s1 b ! exp]i5ce ( ,man*e/] & "s ,am]ican t[ns :]e no f9es are impos$ r modifies ! /atem5t z to ! suppos$ disa/r\s effects ( non-f9+4 ,?is1 l _m ano!r "q1 is "o on :i* ! inexp]i5c$ !oretical objector appeals to 8 imag9ation = details ( all sorts ( h>d%ips1 inconv5i5ces & dang]s aris+ z ! result ( aboli%+ f9es4 ,e argum5t is direct$ t[>ds %[+ h[ ! libr>y w\ld suff]1 & incid5tally x has be5 m5tion$ t1 p]haps1 ! undue ret5tion ( a popul> book w\ld prove highly inconv5i5t to o!r read]s :o want$ x4 ,^! matt]s ne$ n be discuss$1 s9ce x mu/ be obvi\s t popul> books c always be duplicat$ to a c]ta9 ext5t2 t m dilig5ce c be ex]cis$ 9 ! trac+1 pursuit & +a!r+ ( ov]due popul> books2 & t !re are me?ods ( puni%+ h>d5$ del9qu5t borr[]s ( ?is k9d1 by susp5d+ _! tickets1 z is done at ,man*e/] )\t s]i\s results4 ,b x is q evid5t t 9 ,brita9 f9+ = ov]due books w be ma9ta9$ until x is decl>$ illegal--& no d\bt1 ) bye-laws n legally confirm$1 x is a d\btful practice1 9 ,engl& at all ev5ts--or ,p>liam5t has remov$ ! rate limitation or provid$ o!r means ( f9ancial assi/ance1 )\t all ?is scrap+1 p9*+ & d\btful means ( increas+ funds4 ,:at is sugge/$ is m latitude 9 ! imposition ( f9es1 & a less eag] desire to make money ov] ! bus9ess ?an is impli$ 9 su* f9es z #a;d4 a day1 & f9es ( two1 ?ree1 f\r & five c5ts z *>g$ 9 "s ,am]ican libr>ies4 ,no libr>y has a "r or any ne$ to make a pr(it out ( su* a transaction z f9+ = ov]due books1 & x w\ld be bett] to make a uni=m *>ge ( #a;d4 p] week1 or portion ( a week1 = books reta9$ ov] a =tnight1 :5 n r5ew$ by po/c>d or o!rwise4 #cef4 ,holiday & ,sunday ,op5+4--,:e!r libr>ies are to be op5$ or n on public holidays & ,sundays is l>gely a matt] = local option4 ,9 "s places libr>ies h be5 exp]im5tally op5$ on ,,public ,,holidays on ! s5tim5tal plea t _m p]sons are unable to use !m at any o!r "t1 & ! result has be5 any?+ b enc\rag+4 ,9 o!r places1 l seaside & holiday resorts1 !y h be5 op5$ on su* holidays1 ) decid$ advantage to tripp]s seek+ %elt] f inclem5t wea!r4 ,g5]ally speak+1 all libr>ies %\ld be clos$ on public holidays1 on ! gr\nds t a g5]al holiday %\ld be g5]ally obs]v$ z su*1 & t p are mu* bett] 9 ! fre% air ?an sitt+ indoors 9 libr>ies or any:]e else on su* occasions4 ,if any exception to ?is 7 made x w\ld be to op5 only on wet & /ormy public holidays1 b always except ,*ri/mas1 &1 9 ! case ( ,scotl&1 ,new ,ye>'s ,day4 ,! public holidays 9 ,brita9 are too few & f> betwe5 to effect any radical influ5ce ^u libr>ies or read]s4 #ceg4 ,z reg>ds ,,sundays1 conditions are r diff]5t4 ,to beg9 ) !re are m ( !m1 & !y come at regul> int]vals4 ,b unless ! ne$ = ,sunday op5+ c be demon/rat$ by a satisfactory result d]iv$ f a s]ies ( trial op5+s1 x is bett] = ! libr>ies n to be op5$ z a m]e concession to ! views ( c]ta9 societies1 or ! suppos$ utility ( ! movem5t to p :o are alleg$ to be unable to come on week-days4 ,if exp]im5t proves t ,sunday op5+ is meet+ a real ne$1 op5 ! libr>ies by all means1 b n o!rwise4 ,z a compromise x is sugge/$ t if ,sunday op5+ is decid$ ^u1 ! read+ rooms only %\ld be op5 betwe5 ! h\rs ( #c & #i ,p4,m4 on e ,sunday betwe5 ,octob] & ,may inclusive4 ,!re is little ne$ = ,sunday op5+ 9 w>m wea!r--p are mu* bett] out-(-doors--especially if1 z is usually ! case1 att5dances fall (f greatly4 ,%\ld ! ,sunday op5+ "q become a burn+ "o 9 any t[n1 arrangem5ts might be made to op5 ! read+ room & ref]5ce libr>y1 provid$ at lea/ #ejj citiz5s take out tickets z an e>ne/ ( _! int5tion to use ! libr>y4 ,x is d\btful if 9 any t[n ,sunday op5+ has be5 limit$ to /ud5ts & o!r inquir]s1 b x w\ld =m a reasonable mann] ( settl+ a difficult "q %\ld op9ion be %>ply divid$4 ,z reg>ds ways & means ( c>ry+ on ! bus9ess ( a public libr>y on holidays & ,sundays1 special arrangem5ts mu/ be made1 bo? z reg>ds ! necess>y att5dants1 heat+1 light+ & clean+4 #ceh4 ,en=cem5t ( ,rules4--,!re is no?+ 9 ! orig9al ,engli% or ,iri% ,acts :i* gives p[] to en=ce rules & bye-laws1 b 9 ! ,act ( #aija su* may be obta9$ provid$ ! rules are approv$ by ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d4 ,9 ! ,scot* ,act v full provisions are made = ! confirmation & en=cem5t ( bye-laws4 ,clause #bb ( ! ,act ( #ahhg reads3 8,x %all be lawful = ! committee to make bye-laws = regulat+ all or any matt]s & ?+s :atsoev] connect$ ) ! control1 managem5t1 protection & use ( any prop]ty1 articles or ?+s "u _! control = ! purposes ( ?is ,act1 & to impose su* p5alties = brea*es ( su* bye-laws1 n exce$+ #e = ea* (f5ce1 z may be consid]$ exp$i5t2 & f "t to "t1 z !y %all ?9k fit1 to repeal1 alt]1 v>y or re-enact any su* bye-laws1 provid$ always t su* bye-laws & alt]ations !re( %all n be repugnant to ! law ( ,scotl&1 & be=e be+ act$ on %all be sign$ by a quorum ( ! committee1 &1 except 9 s f> z !y relate solely to ! (fic]s or s]vants ( ! committee1 su* bye-laws %all be approv$ ( by ! magi/rates & c\ncil1 or ! bo>d1 z ! case may be1 & %all be approv$ ( & confirm$ by ! %]iff ( ! c\nty 9 :i* ! burgh or p>i%1 or ! great] "p ( ! area !re(1 is situat$40 ,provision is also made = adv]tis+ & giv+ due notice ( int5tion to adopt ! bye-laws4 #cei4 ,x %\ld be /at$1 h[ev]1 t !re are q a numb] ( cases 9 :i* magi/rates' decisions 9 ,engl& h upheld ! rules ( ,public ,libr>y ,committees ) reg>d to recov]y ( f9es = ov]due books1 ! value ( books lo/ & gu>ante$1 & on o!r po9ts4 ,9 "s ( ^! cases x has n be5 held or sugge/$ t gu>antee or v\*] =ms %\ld be /amp$ z agreem5ts1 or t any limit "u #e %\ld be plac$ on ! am\nt ( ! gu>antor's liability4 ,nev]!less1 a value limit ( #a or #b might be plac$ ^u a gu>antor's liability1 & t w dispose ( ! awkw>d po9t z to ! agreem5t be+ /amp$4 #cfj4 ,draft ,rules & ,regulations4--,^! draft rules are bas$ ^u a c>eful exam9ation ( ! pr9cipal bye-laws adopt$ by _m ( ! pr9cipal libr>ies 9 ,brita9 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) c]ta9 modifications to h>monize !m ) c]ta9 lead+ pr9ciples advocat$ ?r\gh\t ?is book4 ,no two places are exactly alike 9 all _! circum/ances & local conditions1 s t no libr>y is likely to adopt ^! rules exactly z !y /&4 ,b !y conta9 sugge/ions :i* may be f\nd useful 9 draw+ up & adopt+ a s]ies ( suitable rules1 & enabl+ mo/ vital po9ts to be met4 ,"s libr>ies h an enorm\s numb] ( rules1 am\nt+ 9 "s cases to fifty or sixty items1 b _m ( ^! are q unnecess>y & ne$ n be consid]$4 ,! draft rules drawn up by ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d may be obta9$ if ?\ght ne$ful2 b !y are pr9t$ sep>ately 9 ! ,libr>y ,association ,record1 #aijc1 p4 #bh4 ,! few] & simpl] ! rules ! m likely are ! p to read & obs]ve !m4 ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>y ,,rules ,,& ,,regulations ,,g5]al #a4 ,! ,lib]ton ,public ,libr>y is a society e/abli%$ = purposes ( lit]ature & sci5ce exclusively4 ,! libr>ian %all h ! g5]al *>ge ( ! libr>y1 & %all be responsible = ! safe keep+ ( ! books & = all ! prop]ty belong+ !reto4 #b4 ,! libr>y is support$ 9 "p by a rate levi$ 9 accordance ) ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts & 9 "p by annual volunt>y contributions ( money & gifts ( books & p]iodicals4 ,! libr>y committee %all n make any divid5d1 gift1 division1 or bonus 9 money unto or betwe5 any ( ! memb]s4 #c4 ,admission is free to all p>ts ( ! libr>y dur+ ! h\rs ( op5+1 b no p]son %all be admitt$ :o is disord]ly1 uncleanly or 9 a /ate ( intoxication4 ,smok+1 bett+ & l\d conv]sation or o!r objectionable practices are also =bidd5 9 ! rooms or passages ( ! libr>y4 #d4 ,! libr>ian %all h p[] to susp5d ! use ( ! ticket ( any borr[]1 & refuse books or d5y ! use ( ! read+ rooms to any read] :o %all neglect to comply ) any ( ^! rules & regulations1 su* read] hav+ ! "r ( appeal to ! libr>y committee1 :o %all also decide all o!r disputes betwe5 read]s & ! libr>y (ficials4 #e4 ,read]s desir\s ( propos+ books = addition to ! libr>y may d s by ent]+1 on slips 7or 9 a book7 kept = ! purpose1 ! titles & p>ticul>s ( publication ( su* books1 :i* w !n be submitt$ to ! committee at _! fir/ meet+ !reaft]4 ,all sugge/ions on managem5t to be writt5 on slips or s5t by lett] to ! committee4 #f4 ,any p]son :o unlawfully or malici\sly de/roys or damages any book1 map1 pr9t1 manuscript or o!r article belong+ to ! libr>ies %all be liable to prosecution = misdemean\r "u ! provisions ( #bd #be ,vict41 c4 #ig1 ,an ,act to consolidate & am5d ! ,/atute ,law ( ,engl& & ,irel& relat+ to malici\s injuries to prop]ty1 #ahfa4 ,! provisions ( ! /atute entitl$ #fa #fb ,vict41 c4 #ec1 ,an ,act to provide = ! puni%m5t ( ,(f5ces 9 ,libr>ies1 #ahih1 %all also apply4 ,,ref]5ce ,,dep>tm5t #g4 ,! libr>y & read+ room %all rema9 op5 on week-days f #i ,a4,m4 till #aj ,p4,m4 7& on ,sundays1 f ,octob] to ,may inclusive1 f #c to #i ,p4,m471 b %all be clos$ on ,*ri/mas ,day 7,new ,ye>'s ,day71 all public holidays1 & su* o!r days z ! committee may f "t to "t appo9t4 #h4 ,e p]son on ent]+ ! ref]5ce libr>y %all sign 8 or h] "n1 ) ! correct address1 9 a book kept = ! purpose4 ,anyone giv+ a false "n or address %all be liable to prosecution1 & %all n aft]w>ds be all[$ to use ! libr>y4 #i4 ,e p]son be=e leav+ ! room %all return ! book or books consult$ into ! h&s ( ! libr>ian or 8 assi/ants1 & mu/ n replace books tak5 f ! op5 %elves1 b leave !m ) ! assi/ant at ! exit4 #aj4 ,any "w 9 ! l5d+ dep>tm5t1 if n 9 use1 except+ ,fiction1 may be _h on application at ! ref]5ce libr>y c\nt] = p]usal 9 ! read+ room1 b on no acc\nt mu/ su* books be tak5 f ! room4 #aa4 ,illu/rations ( all k9ds may be copi$1 b n trac$1 save by p]mission ( ! libr>ian4 ,extracts f books may be copi$ 9 p5cil4 ,! use ( ink is only p]mitt$ at c]ta9 tables :i* are res]v$ = ! purpose4 ,c]ta9 works are only issu$ aft] a writt5 application to ! libr>y committee4 ,,l5d+ ,,dep>tm5t #ab4 ,! l5d+ libr>y is op5 daily = ! issue & receipt ( books e week-day f #aj ,a4,m4 till #i ,p4,m41 b %all be clos$ on ,sundays1 ,*ri/mas ,day 7,new ,ye>'s ,day71 all public holidays & su* o!r days z ! committee may f "t to "t appo9t4 #ac4 ,books %all be borr[$ = home read+ only by p]sons rat$1 resid5t or employ$ 9 ! ,bor\gh ( 444444444441 or qualifi$ by ,rule #ah4 #ad4 ,all p]sons ^: names appe> on ! curr5t ,roll ( ,electors ( ! ,bor\gh1 or 9 ! local directories z resid5ts1 may borr[ books on _! own responsibility1 aft] fill+ up an application = a borr[]'s ticket1 on a =m provid$ = ! purpose4 #ae4 ,o!r resid5ts1 & non-resid5t employees 9 ! bor\gh1 ov] twelve 7f\rte57 ye>s ( age1 may borr[ books1 b mu/ fir/ obta9 a gu>antee 7or recomm5dation7 f a duly qualifi$ p]son1 z def9$ 9 ,rule #ad1 & mu/ sign an application = a borr[]'s ticket1 on =ms to be provid$ by ! libr>ian4 ,b no su* gu>antor %all be all[$ to assume responsibility = m ?an ?ree o!r p]sons1 unless by special arrangem5t ) ! committee1 & 9 no s+le case %all 8 or h] liability exce$ #b p] p]son gu>ante$4 #af4 ,any p]son resid5t or employ$ 9 ! bor\gh1 unable to obta9 ! signature ( a qualifi$ resid5t z a gu>antee1 may borr[ books on leav+ a deposit ( #ajs4 ) ! libr>ian4 ,! gu>antee ( ! recogniz$ head (ficials ( ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts1 ,fri5dly ,societies & simil> organizations may be accept$ at ! discretion ( ! ,committee 9 lieu ( an ord9>y gu>antee1 = p]sons :o are employ$ 9 ! di/rict4 #ag4 ,! ,application & ,gu>antee ,=m1 duly sign$1 mu/ be deliv]$ to ! libr>ian1 & if1 on exam9ation1 x is f\nd correct1 ! borr[]'s ticket w be issu$ ?ree days 7or at once7 aft] 7exclud+ ,sundays71 b w only be deliv]$ to ! borr[] 9 p]son4 ,?is ticket w be available at ! c5tral libr>y or any bran* or bran*es4 #ah4 ,9 accordance ) ,section #aa ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act1 #ahib1 ! committee w l5d books to p]sons1 o!r ?an ^? duly qualifi$ "u ,rules #ac-af1 :o pay an annual subscription ( #gs4 #f;d42 b su* borr[]s mu/ con=m1 9 e respect1 to all ! rules ( ! libr>y1 & %all h no privileges o!r ?an ^? possess$ by ! o!r borr[]s4 #ai4 ,! committee %all issue additional tickets to read]s1 available = all classes ( lit]ature save ,fiction4 ,any duly enroll$ borr[] may h "o ( ^! extra tickets on fill+ up an application =m z = an ord9>y ticket4 ,s*ool tea*]s may h m ?an "o ticket ( ?is class on application to ! libr>ian4 #bj4 ,all tickets & v\*]s mu/ be r5ew$ annually1 ea* ticket & v\*] be+ reckon$ available = "o ye> f date ( issue4#ac #ac ,9 "s libr>ies ! practice has aris5 ( mak+ tickets p]man5t1 z long z ! hold] resides 9 ! di/rict1 )\t r5ewal annually4 ,9 place ( r5ewal1 a revision takes place1 to ensure accuracy ( addresses1 etc42 :]e ?is is s1 ,rule #bj is unnecess>y4 #ba4 ,! borr[] mu/ return ea* volume l5t )9 fifte5 days1 includ+ days ( issue & return1 & %all be liable to a f9e ( #a;d4 p] week or portion ( a week = ea* volume l5t1 if n return$ )9 t p]iod1 b ! issue ( a book may be r5ew$ = a fur!r p]iod ( fifte5 days1 dat+ f ! day ( intimation1 on notice be+ giv5 to ! libr>ian ei!r p]sonally or 9 writ+1 & no fur!r r5ewal w be all[$ if ! book is requir$ by ano!r read]4 ,books :i* are mu* 9 dem& may1 h[ev]1 be refus$ su* r5ewal at ! discretion ( ! libr>ian4 #bb4 ,ea* volume on return %all be deliv]$ to ! libr>ian or 8 assi/ant1 & if on exam9ation x be f\nd to h su/a9$ any damage or injury1 ! p]son to :om x 0 l5t1 or 8 or h] gu>antor1 %all be requir$ to pay ! am\nt ( damage done or to procure a new copy or s]ies ( equal value1 &1 9 ! latt] case1 ! p]son supply+ ! new copy %all be entitl$ to ! damag$ copy or s]ies on deposit+ ! new "o4 #bc4 ,borr[]s :o are unable to obta9 a p>ticul> non-fictional book1 & desire t x %all be reta9$ = !m on its return1 mu/ give its title1 numb]1 etc41 to ! assi/ant1 & pay #a;d4 to cov] co/ ( po/+ an intimation t x is available = issue2 b no book w be kept long] ?an ! "t m5tion$ 9 ! notice s5t4 ,novels _c be res]v$ "u ?is rule4 #bd4 ,borr[]s are requir$ to keep ! books clean4 ,!y are n to turn d[n or /a9 ! leaves1 nor to make p5cil or o!r m>ks ^u !m4 ,!y mu/ take ! e>lie/ opportunity ( report+ any damage or injury done to ! books !y receive1 o!rwise !y w be held responsible = ! value ( ! same4 #be4 ,if an infecti\s disease breaks out 9 any h\se conta9+ books belong+ to ! libr>y1 su* books are n to be return$ to ! libr>y1 b mu/ be h&$ ov] to ! ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ,heal? or any sanit>y (fic] act+ on 8 behalf4 ,until su* infect$ h\se is decl>$ free ( disease by ! ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ,heal?1 no books w be issu$ f ! libr>ies to any p]son or p]sons resid+ !re94 ,9 simil> circum/ances non-resid5t ratepay]s or employees mu/ return _! books to ! ,m$ical ,(fic]1 & cease to use ! libr>ies till _! resid5ces are c]tifi$ free f infection4 #bf4 ,only actual borr[]s :o are enroll$ on ! regi/] ( ! libr>y %all h ! "r ( direct access to ! book-%elves1 b _! repres5tatives may be admitt$ at ! discretion ( ! libr>ian or 8 assi/ants4 ,to prev5t disappo9tm5t1 ^! repres5tatives %\ld come provid$ ) a li/ ( sev]al book-titles & numb]s4 #bg4 ,any *ange 9 ! resid5ce ( borr[]s or _! gu>antors1 or notice ( )drawal ( gu>antee1 mu/ be intimat$ to ! libr>ian )9 "o week4 #bh4 ,borr[]s leav+ ! di/rict or ceas+ to use ! libr>y are requir$ to return _! tickets to ! libr>ian 9 ord] to h !m cancell$2 o!rwise !y & _! gu>antors w be held responsible = any books tak5 out 9 _! names4 #bi4 ,no p]son "u twelve ye>s ( age %all be eligible to borr[ books or make use ( ! adult libr>y1 except by ! libr>ian's p]mission4 ,,g5]al ,,read+ ,,& ,,magaz9e ,,rooms #cj4 ,! g5]al read+ room %all rema9 op5 on week-days f #h ,a4,m4 till #aj ,p4,m41 & ! magaz9e room f #i ,a4,m4 till #aj ,p4,m4 7& on ,sundays1 f ,octob] to ,may inclusive1 f #c to #i ,p4,m474 ,bo? rooms %all be clos$ on ,*ri/mas ,day 7,new ,ye>'s ,day71 all public holidays1 & su* o!r days z ! committee may f "t to "t appo9t4 #ca4 ,no p]sons "u twelve ye>s ( age1 unless accompani$ by _! p>5ts or eld]s capable ( controll+ !m1 %all be all[$ to use ^! rooms1 except by p]mission ( ! libr>ian or 8 assi/ants4 #cb4 ,any p]sons :o use ^! rooms = purposes ( bett+1 or :o 9 any way cause ob/ruction or disord] 9 ^! or any o!r rooms or passages ( ! libr>ies1 are liable to be proce$$ aga9/ "u ! provisions ( #fa #fb ,vict41 c4 #ec1 ,an ,act to ,provide = ! ,puni%m5t ( ,(f5ces 9 ,libr>ies1 #ahih4 #cc4 ,read]s 9 possession ( newspap]s or o!r p]iodicals mu/ be prep>$ to resign !m to any o!r read] :o may ask to p]use !m1 t5 m9utes aft] ! reque/ has be5 made ?r\gh "o ( ! libr>y /aff4 ,,juv5ile ,,room #cd4 ,! juv5ile read+ room & libr>y %all rema9 op5 f #d till #h ,p4,m4 daily on ,monday to ,friday inclusive1 & f #aj ,a4,m4 till #f ,p4,m4 on ,saturdays4 #ce4 ,! admission is free to e boy or girl "u 7twelve7 f\rte5 ye>s ( age resid+ 9 ! ,bor\gh ( 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 :o is able to write & read2 b !y mu/ obta9 a gu>antee 7or recomm5dation7 f _! p>5ts or s*ool tea*] z to good behavi\r & safe return ( all books4 #cf4 ,only "o book p] week w be all[$ to ea* borr[]4 #cg4 ,application = tickets admitt+ to ! read+ room mu/ be made at ! libr>y4 ,!re are c]ta9 admonitory rules :i* are be/ display$ 9 frames 9 plac>d =m1 su* z3 ,,sil5ce ,,is ,,reque/$2 ,,no ,,conv]sation ,,all[$2 ,,no ,,dogs ,,admitt$2 ,,cycli/s ,,are ,,reque/$ ,,to ,,keep ,,_! ,,ma*9es ,,outside ,,! ,,build+2 ,,please ,,wipe ,,y\r ,,boots2 ,,no ,,admission ,,?is ,,way2 ,,no ,,smok+ ,,all[$2 & s on4 ,"s ( ! g5]al rules w\ld be mu* m effective if display$ 9 ?is =m4 #cfa4 ,notes on ,rules4--#a & #b4 ,^! rules are includ$ = ! purpose ( qualify+ = ! c]tificate ( exemption f income-tax & local rates1 z describ$ 9 ,sections #cg-dj4 #ae4 ,9 "s libr>ies ! gu>antee ( responsible heads ( l>ge gov]nm5t & o!r dep>tm5ts is accept$ = all ! employees1 & secret>ies ( associations & s*ool tea*]s h also be5 accept$4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! association has become responsible = all its eligible memb]s1 & signs ?r\gh its secret>y4 ,9 ! second case ! tea*] assumes responsibility = all 8 eligible pupils4 ,x %\ld be und]/ood t a tea*]'s gu>antee does n involve ! tea*] 9 f9ancial responsibility1 b is an indication ( 8 op9ion t ! applicant may b5efit by ! use ( ! libr>y1 & usually includes ! assumption t he w use 8 moral influ5ce to secure ! due c>e & return ( books4 ,"s libr>ies h aboli%$ ! gu>antee = non-ratepay]s4 #af4 ,,depositors %\ld be treat$ z ord9>y borr[]s1 & _! tickets & numb]+ %\ld g ?r\gh ! same r\t9e4 ,! money receiv$ f deposits may ei!r be paid into ! bank & repaid z want$ by depositors f petty ca%1 or held by ! libr>ian & repaid :5 call$ up4 ,deposit money ( ?is k9d :5 paid into ! bank t5ds some:at to complicate & falsify ! acc\nts by record+ receipts :i* d n belong to ! libr>y1 & inflat+ ! petty ca% exp5ditures1 b bor\gh acc\ntants reg>d x z or?odox book-keep+ z a rule4 ,! practice diff]s 9 all places z reg>ds ?is po9t1 & ! libr>ian may keep a sep>ate acc\nt ( ^! moneys1 :e!r paid into ! bank or n4 #ah4 ,"u ! p[]s conf]r$ by ! #ahib ,act1 _m public libr>ies n[ p]mit p]sons resid+ outside ! di/rict :o are n o!rwise qualifi$ to become borr[]s on paym5t ( an annual subscription1 rang+ f #es4 to #ajs4 ,! money receiv$ f ?is s\rce %\ld be paid into ! subscriptions acc\nt at ! bank1 & a prop] receipt giv5 to ! subscrib]1 %[+ h[ long ! subscription is curr5t4 #ba4 ,! ,,r5ewal ,,( ,,books is g5]ally all[$ )\t "q1 if no inquiries = !m 9 ! int]val h be5 record$4 ,9 o!r cases1 su* r5ewals mu/1 ( c\rse1 be refus$1 unless ! books are n return$1 9 :i* case no?+ c be done4 ,"h aga9 ! et]nal fiction "q arises1 & !re are reasonable d\bts if ! "r ( r5ewal %\ld be all[$ 9 ! case ( rec5t popul> novels4 ,) classic fiction & o!r books x is q ano!r matt]1 & /ud5ts %\ld be all[$ to r5ew )9 all reasonable limits1 & by any reasonable means--po/-c>d1 telephone1 message or o!r--provid+ t read]s give ! necess>y p>ticul>s4 ,a =m ( r5ewal slip is us$ at "s libr>ies :i* may be useful4 ,copies are tak5 away by any borr[] :o ?9ks he may require !m1 & if he desires to r5ew a book1 he simply fills up a slip & s5ds x by h& or po/ to ! libr>y4 ,! assi/ant !n picks out ! *>ge f ! *>g+ sy/em1 ins]ts ! r5ewal slip 9 ! pocket1 & re-issues x "u ! curr5t date4 ,! r5ewals may be pick$ out & sort$ 9 "o sequ5ce beh9d a special guide1 s t :5 a book is return$ :i* has n be5 re-dat$1 x is easy to f9d x2 or a 8dummy0 book c>d may be ins]t$ 9 ord] "u ! orig9al date ( issue be>+ a ref]5ce to ! date ( r5ewal--?is is p]haps ! m effective me?od4 ,r5ewals %\ld c\nt z re-issues1 & a record %\ld be made ( ! issue ( all books :i* are ?us r5ew$4 -------------------------------- ,book ,no4 -------------------------------- ,issu$ -------------------------------- ,r5ew$ -------------------------------- ,f9e -------------------------------- ,?is ,ticket %\ld be return$ :5 r5ew+ ! ,book4 -------------------------------- ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>y4 -------------------------------- ,,fig4 #acb4--,r5ewal ,slip 7,section #cfa 7#ba774 #bc4 ,! practice ( ,,res]v+ ,,books has be5 adopt$ 9 _m libr>ies1 & )9 c]ta9 limits x is useful4 ,! *ief po9ts connect$ ) ! matt] are :e!r all books %\ld be res]v$1 & h[ _m ord]s = ! same popul> book %\ld be book$ at once4 ,z reg>ds ! fir/ po9t1 x is wise to exclude curr5t popul>1 b n classic1 fiction f ! op]ation ( ! rule1 p>tly = ! reason t 9 ?is class duplicates ( popul> novels are g5]ally /ock$1 & also because x is necess>y to re/rict z mu* z possible any privilege :i* may seem to fav\r "o class to ! exclusion ( ano!r1 z !re is no d\bt t ! *>ge ( #a;d4 w practically exclude _m poor p f p>ticipat+ 9 ?is me?od ( book-res]vation4 ,x is simple to make a r\gh di/9ction betwe5 classic & curr5t fiction1 by add+ ! classic symbol 7"s arbitr>y sign7 to ! class-m>k ( all books :i* h be5 publi%$ m ?an t5 ye>s4 ,su* works are n necess>ily classic1 ( c\rse1 b all t is contemplat$ is to prev5t ! hold+-up on res]vation li/s ( ! late/ works4 ,z reg>ds ! second po9t1 libr>ians w h to ex]cise a nice discretion z to h[ _m read]s !y w place on ! rota at "o "t1 z x is q conceivable t to res]ve any popul> "w tw5ty or ?irty times ahead is simply to cut x (f f g5]al circulation = an indef9ite p]iod4 ,9 ! case ( v popul> books1 ! possibility ( buy+ a special copy = res]vation %\ld be contemplat$4 ,z reg>ds ! me?od ( work+ ! sy/em ( res]v+ books1 ! usual plan is to sell a po/-c>d to ! borr[]1 :o addresses x to himself & ent]s ! "n ( ! book want$4 ,^! po/-c>ds are !n return$ to ! libr>ian1 :o arranges !m 9 ord]1 &1 z ! books are /opp$ on return1 s5ds out ! po/-c>d next 9 ord]4 ,a usual =m = ! po/-c>d is z foll[s3 8,please note t ! book 44444444444444444444444444444 res]v$ by y1 has n[ be5 return$1 & w be kept = y till ! ev5+ ( 444444444444444444444444440 ,! assi/ant fills 9 ! date by :i* ! book %\ld be claim$4 ,( c\rse1 borr[]s :o fail to claim miss _! turn4 ,a sep>ate regi/] ( ^! res]v$ books c be kept 9 addition to ! c>ds1 if ?\ght advisable4 ,a receipt %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be giv5 = ea* po/-c>d1 & 9 "s libr>ies ! numb]s ( ! books res]v$ are writt5 on ! c\nt]foils4 #be4 ,,infecti\s ,,diseases ,,notification4--,au?orities diff] greatly z to ! p[] ( books to c>ry & dissem9ate disease4 ,am]ican & ,engli% bact]iologi/s1 aft] exhau/ive rese>*es & te/s1 decl>e t dirty books _c convey infection1 :il/ ,g]man & ,fr5* sci5ti/s are n s sure4 ,! late/ te/s & !ories are negative4 ,infection is convey$ 9 a wet /ate f ! pati5t to ano!r p]son1 & x is affirm$ t :5 contagi\s matt] has dri$ x is innocu\s4 ,x is1 !re=e1 cle> t ! conditions "u :i* books may c>ry disease r>ely1 if ev]1 occur4 ,z libr>y assi/ants are cont9ually turn+ ov]1 h&l+ & inhal+ ! du/1 etc41 f l5d+ libr>y books )\t obs]v$ ill results1 x may be assum$ t ! dang] ( infection1 if x exi/s at all1 is greatly exagg]at$4 ,b z ! public m9d is some:at excit$ ov] ?is "q1 x is necess>y = libr>y au?orities to take /eps to reassure ! p t ev]y?+ is done to prev5t disease be+ communicat$ ?r\gh ! m$ium ( libr>y books4 ,! ,public ,heal? ,acts are q cle> on ! po9t t p]sons suff]+ f infecti\s diseases1 or 9 *>ge ( o!r p]sons s suff]+1 are liable to p5alties = l5d+ any article2 & ?is w\ld cov] ! case ( a libr>y :i* re-issu$ a book :i* came f an infect$ h\se4 ,! practice %\ld !re=e be = ! local sanit>y au?ority to seize all libr>y books f\nd on disease-infect$ premises1 & simply de/roy !m aft] due notification to ! libr>y au?ority4 ,a fur!r notification %\ld be s5t to ! libr>y :5 ! h\se has be5 dis9fect$ & decl>$ free f disease1 z 9 ! meantime ! libr>ian has /opp$ ! issue ( books to p]sons 9 ! disease-/rick5 h\se f ! date ( ! fir/ intimation4 ,!re are v>i\s =ms ( notice us$ = notify+ :5 & :]e disease breaks out1 & :at books are de/roy$1 & also = decl>+ ! infect$ h\se free f disease4 ,z reg>ds ! dis9fection ( books by means ( fumes1 etc41 ! op9ion is t x _c be prop]ly done )\t de/roy+ ! b9d+s1 & x is be/ to take ! extreme c\rse 9 view ( ! public fe>s4 ,z reg>ds ! co/ ( replac+ su* de/roy$ books1 ! local sanit>y au?ority c be call$ ^u to d ?is "u ! provisions ( ! ,public ,heal? ,acts1 #aija1 b unless ! annual loss is v great1 x seems h>dly advisable to raise ! po9t4 ,9 small places or t[ns ) v limit$ book funds1 ! sanit>y au?ority %\ld c]ta9ly be ask$ to replace all books :i* are de/roy$4 ,x is a wise plan to keep a sep>ate record ( books :i* are de/roy$ 9 ! int]e/ ( ! public heal?4 ,?is ne$ n note any fur!r p>ticul>s ?an ! dates1 titles & numb]s ( books1 & co/4 ,a column c be res]v$ = rem>ks4 ,,bibliography4 #cfb4 ,rules3 ,brett1 ,w4 ,h4 ,regulations = ,read]s4 ,u4,s4 ,educ4 ,rept41 #ahib-c1 vol4 i41 p4 #ici4 ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,public ,s]vice4 ,9 8 ,libr>y ,prim]1 p4 #abb4 ,libr>y ,h\rs4 ,gre5wood's ,ye> ,book1 #aijj1 p4 #bcf4 #cfc4 ,sunday ,op5+3 ,b>nett1 ,canon4 ,sunday ,lab\r 9 ,public ,libr>ies1 etc4 ,gre5wood's ,ye> ,book1 #ahig1 p4 #ajb4 ,cutl]1 ,m4 ,s41 ,mrs ,fair*ild4 ,sunday ,op5+ ( ,public ,libr>ies4 ,u4,s4 ,educ4 ,rept41 #ahib-c1 vol4 i41 p4 #gga4 ,gre5wood1 ,t4 ,sunday ,op5+ ( ,public ,libr>ies4 ,9 8 ,public ,libr>ies1 #ahid1 p4 #deh2 & /ati/ics 9 ! ,briti% ,libr>y ,ye> ,book1 #aijj1 p4 #bcf4 #cfd4 ,infecti\s ,diseases3 ,books z ,c>ri]s ( ,disease4 ,libr>y ,j41 vol4 xxi41 p4 #aej4 ,john/on1 ,t4 ,! ,replacem5t ( 8,infect$0 ,books4 ,libr>y ,w41 vol4 iv41 p4 #f4 ,riv]s1 ,j4 ,d ,public ,libr>y ,books spread ,disease8 ,l4 ,w41 vol4 vii41 p4 #adc4 ,willcock1 ,w4 ,j4 ,notification ( ,infecti\s ,disease & ! ,public ,libr>y4 ,l4 ,w41 #ahii1 p4 #hi4 #cfe4 ,op5 ,access3 ,see ,manual ( ,libr>y ,economy1 #aijc1 pp4 #dde-fh1 = discussion ( policy & li/ ( articles on ! subject4 ,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d41 & ,o!rs4 ,op5 ,access1 #aiae4 ,= articles see ,cannons1 ,e #de-dh1 ,rules & ,regulations1 ,h\rs1 ,sunday & ,holiday ,op5+2 ,e #ajg1 ,loan ,p]iod4 ,,division ,,xi ,,! ,,l5d+1 ,,or ,,home ,,read+1 ,,dep>tm5t ,,*apt] ,,xxiv ,,! ,,regi/ration ,,( ,,borr[]s #cff4 ,g5]al4--,by a tradition n[ firmly implant$ 9 ! m9d ( ! public1 & n\ri%$ by j\rnali/s1 ! l5d+ dep>tm5t is ! mo/ prom95t feature ( ! public libr>y4 ,! av]age public criticism1 fav\rable or o!rwise1 is almo/ inv>iably bas$ ^u l5d+ libr>y /ati/ics4 ,?is is probably because ! av]age p]son kn[s ! libr>y z a place f :i* he may 8take out0 books4 ,9 a treatise = libr>ians ! inadequacy ( ?is view ne$ n be /ress$1 al?\gh1 z 9 _m matt]s connect$ ) _! call+1 libr>ians are n unanim\s z to ! relative value ( _! dep>tm5ts1 "s exalt+ "o or o!r at ! exp5se ( ! re/4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 cle> pr9ciples :i* h a fairly g5]al acceptation4 ,! ma9 "o is t 9 libr>ies :i* are 9 fairly close proximity to mu* great] libr>ies1 x is wise to place m emphasis on ! l5d+ ?an on ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t4 ,x w\ld be an unju/ifiable duplicat+ ( exp5se = a libr>y1 = example1 )9 a mile or two ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 to attempt ! hopeless task ( rivall+ x 9 ! provision ( exp5sive ref]5ce works2 :ile on ! o!r h& x w\ld be ju/ifi$ abundantly 9 provid+ ! f9e/ possible l5d+ libr>y4 ,ev5 "h dogmatism is to be avoid$1 because ! habits ( populations 9 :at appe> to be exactly simil> localities may diff] greatly4 ,:]e1 = example1 a city work+ population liv+ 9 a l>ge suburb returns r>ely or n at all to ! city 9 ! ev5+s1 !re may be a real dem& = a ref]5ce libr>y4 ,only exp]i5ce1 :i* be>s 9 m9d ! g5]al pr9ciples /at$1 c resolve :i* policy x is be/ to foll[4 ,on acc\nt ( its prom95ce & ! num]\s opportunities = good "w x af=ds1 ! l5d+ libr>y des]ves ! utmo/ c>e 9 its plann+ & adm9i/ration1 & ! simple/ & free/ me?ods compatible ) reasonable c>e = ! safety ( ! books are ! be/4 ,all ! consid]ations we h describ$ z to book-selection & we$+-out1 etc41 apply ) p>ticul> =ce 9 ?is dep>tm5t2 & a c>eful /udy %\ld be made ( ! v>i\s me?ods ( issue describ$ 9 ! next *apt] be=e "o is *os51 z a wrong *oice may inflict mu* h>d%ip on read]s & lat] involve *anges :i* w be mo/ exp5sive2 9 fact1 ! conv]t+ ( a l5d+ libr>y f "o sy/em to ano!r is probably ! mo/ co/ly op]ation 9 :i* x c be involv$4 ,! /aff+ ( ! dep>tm5t requires j z mu* consid]ation z t ( any o!r1 & ! all too frequ5t & (t5 unavoidable practice ( employ+ ! y\nge/ boys & girls at ! *>g+ c\nt]s or desks is mu* to be deprecat$ ev5 :5 x _c be altoge!r avoid$4 #cfg4 ,v\*] ,=ms4--,!re are all k9ds ( v\*] =ms 9 use 9 ! municipal libr>ies ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 rang+ 9 size f foolscap folio to po/-c>d4 ,^! v\*]s are ! =ms on :i* borr[]s apply = tickets entitl+ !m to use ! libr>y1 & !y are ! basis ( ! necess>y regi/ration ( borr[]s :i* all libr>ies mu/ p]=m4 ,x is n ne$ful to describe m ?an "o =m1 because x is gradually be+ adopt$1 ) v>iations to suit diff]5t localities1 z ! /&>d sy/em ( ! c\ntry4 ,! legal que/ions connect$ ) ! validity ( c]ta9 =ms ( gu>antee are also beyond ! scope ( ?is section1 because judicial rul+s h be5 obta9$ on all k9ds ( =ms1 & ! only po9t requir+ consid]ation1 t ( ! am\nt ( ! gu>antor's liability1 has already be5 discuss$4 ,a =m ( v\*] :i* c be us$ z a movable c>d 7#e 94 by #c 947 is pref]able to a l>ge slip1 :i* requires b9d+ 9 volumes1 or o!r special means ( pres]vation2 & ! /yle ( c>ds giv5 9 ,figs4 #acc-acf w be f\nd satisfactory4 ,^! v\*] c>ds %\ld be pr9t$ on a /\t mat]ial1 :i* may be ( a diff]5t col\r = ea* type ( read]--burgess1 non-burgess1 /ud5t1 etc4--& h&$ free to any p]son entitl$ to borr[ books4 ,:5 return$ fill$ up1 !y are duly exam9$ to asc]ta9 if ! applicant is duly qualifi$1 & :5 ?is is done ! c>d is fil$1 aft] x has be5 numb]$ f ! numb] book1 & ! borr[]'s c>d made out4 ,! space 9 ! top left-h& corn] is to hold ! borr[]'s "n1 boldly writt5 9 z a cat*-^w = alphabetical arrangem5t4 ,! ,no4 4 4 4 space at ! top "r-h& corn] is = ! borr[]'s progressive numb]4 ,! ,date4 4 4 space at ! bottom left-h& corn] is ! date ( application1 :i* also becomes ! date ( expiry two ye>s lat]4 ,! ,elector's ,roll4 4 4 space at ! bottom "r-h& corn] is = ! numb] on ! curr5t electors' roll4 ,x is a useful ?+ to m>k ?is roll ) ! numb]s ( ! c>ds ( any borr[]s = :om a ratepay] may be gu>antor1 9 all cases :]e a limit is put to ! numb] :om "o p]son may gu>antee4 ,!re is g5]ally pl5ty ( m>g9al space = ?is purpose4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,no4 444444444444444444444 ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>ies4 ,?is v\*]1 prop]ly fill$ 91 entitles ! read] to a ,,g5]al ,,ticket1 &1 if desir$1 a ,,non-,,fiction ,,ticket1 :i* are valid = two ye>s f date ( issue4 ,i1 ! und]sign$1 be+ a ,burgess ( ! ,bor\gh ( ,lib]ton1 h]eby make application to ! ,public ,libr>ies ,committee = a ,ticket1 entitl+ me to ,borr[ ,books f a ,l5d+ ,libr>y1 & ,i h]eby und]take to replace1 or pay ! value ( any ,book belong+ to ! ,corporation ( ,lib]ton1 :i* %all be lo/ or injur$ by me1 also to pay all ,f9es1 & all exp5ses ( recov]+ same1 9 accordance ) ! ,rules1 by :i* ,i agree to be b\nd4 ,"n 9 full 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444 ,if a ,lady1 /ate if ,mrs or ,miss4 ,resid5ce 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 ,date 44444444444444444444 ,no4 on ,electors' ,roll 44444444444444 ,if ! ,applicant requires ! second ,ticket 7on :i* only works t are n ,fiction may be drawn71 ! foll[+ %\ld be sign$33 ,i desire to receive a ,non-,fiction ,ticket 444444444444444444444444444 ,signature4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,fig4 #acc4--,v\*] = a ,ratepay] ,applicant 7,section #cfg74 #cfh4 ,! foll[+ are satisfactory examples ( v\*]s = non-ratepay]s & non-resid5t /ud5ts & employees 7see ,figs4 #acd-f73 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4 ,no4 44444444444444444444 ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>ies4 ,?is v\*]1 prop]ly fill$ 91 entitles ! read] to a ,,g5]al ,,ticket1 &1 if desir$1 a ,,non-,,fiction ,,ticket1 :i* are valid = two ye>s f date ( issue4 ,i1 ! und]sign$1 resid+ 9 ! ,bor\gh ( ,lib]ton1 h]eby apply to ! ,public ,libr>ies ,committee = a ,ticket 7or ,tickets71 entitl+ me to borr[ books f a ,l5d+ ,libr>y1 9 accordance ) ! ,rules1 by :i* ,i agree to be b\nd4 ,"n 9 full 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444 ,ladies please /ate if ,mrs or ,miss4 ,resid5ce 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444 ,occupation 444444444444444444 ,age 44444444 ,date 4444444444 ,if ! ,applicant requires ! second ,ticket 7on :i* only works t are n ,fiction may be drawn71 ! foll[+ %\ld be sign$3 ,i desire to receive a ,non-,fiction ,ticket 444444444444444444444444444 ,signature4 ,p4,t4,o4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,fig4 #acd4--;,front ( ,v\*] = ,non-,ratepay] ,applicant 7,section #cfh74 ,9 "s libr>ies ! gu>antee =m has be5 entirely ab&on$ 9 fav\r ( a recomm5dation :i* c>ries ) x no explicit liability = losses4 ,! v\*]s = non-ratepay] applicants %\ld be dealt ) 9 ! same way z ^? = ratepay]s1 viz41 *eck$ ) regi/]s & fil$ 9 ! alphabetical ord] ( surnames1 aft] tickets h be5 made out & an entry made 9 ! numb] book4 #cfi4 ,x w be se5 t ! v\*]s illu/rat$ p]mit any borr[] :o desires x to acquire a non-fiction or duplicate ticket 9 addition to a g5]al ticket4 ,! m g5]al practice has be5 to require a sep>ate v\*] to be fill$ up 7& gu>ante$ 9 ! case ( non-burgesses7 = e su* ticket4 ,9 ?is case ! v\*] requires no sep>ate word+1 b ! ^w 8,duplicate0 or 8,non-,fiction0 /amp$ boldly across ! ord9>y v\*] is suffici5t to indicate ! diff]5ce4 ,b !re seems no special advantage 9 mak+ ! applicant g ?r\gh ?is d\ble process4 ,! same holds good ) reg>d to v\*]s = ^? :o make a deposit 9 lieu ( obta9+ a writt5 gu>antee1 or :o subscribe 9 t]ms ( ,rule #ah4 ,! words ,,depositor ,,( 4 4 4 4 4 4 or ,,subscrib] ,,( 4 4 4 4 4 4 & ! date c be writt5 or /amp$ on ! back ( ! c>d4 ,( c\rse !re is no reason1 beyond avoid+ a multiplicity ( c>ds1 :y a libr>y %\ld n provide sep>ate =ms = e class ( applicant1 ) diff]5tly col\r$ c>ds1 etc41 b x seems unnecess>y1 unless !re are special local circum/ances to be consid]$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,i1 ! und]sign$1 be+ a ,burgess ( ! ,bor\gh ( ,lib]ton1 t ,i believe ! ,applicant nam$ ov] to be a p]son to :om ,books may be safely entru/$ = p]usal2 & ,i h]eby und]take to re- place or pay ! value ( any ,book belong+ to ! ,corporation ( ,lib]ton1 :i* %all be lo/ or injur$ by ! said ,borr[]2 z also to pay all ,f9es incurr$ "u ! ,rules1 & all exp5ses ( recov]+ ! same4 ,"n 9 full 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444444444444 ,ladies please /ate if ,mrs or ,miss4 ,,resid5ce 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444 ,write legibly 9 ink4 ,occupation 444444444444444444444444444444 ,d n fold ?is ,c>d4 ,! ,gu>antor's "n mu/ appe> on ! curr5t ,burgess ,roll1 fail+ :i*1 ! production ( ! la/ receipt = paym5t ( ,poor ,rate1 or a lease %[+ ! occupancy ( a :ole premises1 or a r5t book %[+ ! occupancy ( a :ole premises1 w suffice4 ,! gu>antee la/s two ye>s1 unless previ\sly )drawn 9 writ+ by ! ,gu>antor4 ,w>d 44444444444444444444 ,no4 on ,burgess ,roll 44444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,fig4 #ace4--;,back ( ,v\*] = ,non-,ratepay] ,applicant 7,section #cfh74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,n ,o ,n - 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 ,no4 444444444 ,r ,e ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>ies4 ,s ,i ,?is v\*]1 prop]ly fill$ 91 entitles ! read] to a ,d ,,g5]al ,,ticket1 &1 if desir$1 a ,,non-,,fiction ,,ticket1 :i* ,e are valid = two ye>s f date ( issue4 ,n ,t ,i1 ! und]sign$1 be+ a s*ol>_/employee 9 ! ,bor\gh ( ,lib]ton1 h]eby apply to ! ,public ,libr>ies ,committee = a ,s ,ticket 7or ,tickets71 entitl+ me to borr[ books f a ,t ,l5d+ ,libr>y1 9 accordance ) ! ,rules1 by :i* ,i agree ,u to be b\nd4 ,d ,e ,"n 9 full 444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,age 44444 ,n ,ladies please /ate if ,mrs or ,miss4 ,t ,resid5ce 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444 ,o ,r ,s*ool or place ( ,employm5t 4444444444444444444444444444 ,date 444444444 ,e ,m ,if ! ,applicant requires ! second ,ticket 7on :i* only ,p works t are n ,fiction may be drawn71 ! foll[+ ,l %\ld be sign$3 ,o ,y ,i desire to receive a ,non-,fiction ,ticket 4444444444444444444444 ,e ,signature4 ,e ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,fig4 #acf4--;,front ( ,v\*] = ,non-,resid5t ,/ud5t or ,employee2 ! back is ! same z 9 ,fig4 #ace4 #cgj4 ,tickets4--,v>i\s =ms ( borr[]s' tickets are us$ ) indicators & c>d *>g+1 b only ! k9ds mo/ commonly us$ ne$ be describ$4 ,"o =m is %[n bel[ 7,fig4 #acg7 = libr>ies 9 :i* borr[]s reta9 _! tickets :5 !y h no books on loan4 ,!y are made ) clo? backs to fold across1 & ! "o ) ! clipp$ corn] is a good =m to adopt = /ud5ts' or extra tickets available = non-fictional works only4 ,! v>iety %[n is n rul$ to hold a record ( ! numb]s ( books :i* are borr[$ ^u x1 z x does n seem necess>y to keep su* a record4 ,to keep x involves a great deal ( "w1 & ! in=mation x af=ds1 be+ practically conf9$ to :at type ( book an individual reads1 is r>ely want$4 ,z a *eck on lo/ books x may h "s value1 b t has no relation to ! co/ ( keep+ x4 ,?is ticket c be us$ ) any k9d ( issue me?od1 & x is !re=e not$ "h & n ) o!r c>ds among ! *>g+ sy/ems4 ----------------------- #a ----------------------- ,h4 ,c4 ,,rhodes1 ----------------------- #c ,,mafek+ ,,av5ue4 ----------------------- ,borr[]'s ,c>d4 ----------------------- ,fold ----------------------- ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>y4 ---- ,?is ,c>d to be giv5 up :5 a ,book is borr[$4 ---- ,,to ,,be ,,r5ew$ ,,be=e #f? ,june1 #aiba4 ----------------------- ,ord9>y ,ticket4 ,blue-l9$ ,clo?4 --------------------- #ha ----------------------- ,h4 ,c4 ,,rhodes1 ----------------------- #c ,,mafek+ ,,av5ue4 ----------------------- ,borr[]'s ,c>d4 ----------------------- ,fold ----------------------- ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>y4 ---- ,?is ,c>d to be giv5 up :5 a ,book is borr[$4 ---- ,,to ,,be ,,r5ew$ ,,be=e #f? ,june1 #aiba4 ----------------------- ,extra ,ticket4 ,yell[-l9$ ,clo?4 ,,fig4 #acg4--;,borr[]'s ,c>d 7,section #cgj74 #cga4 ,! plan :i* we h assum$ to exi/ ( issu+ ,,duplicate or ,,/ud5ts' tickets available = non-fiction works only1 9 addition to an ord9>y ticket available = all classes ( lit]ature1 fir/ became popul> 9 ,brita9 9 #ahic1 & arose out ( a sugge/ion made by ,mr ,j4 ,y4 ,w4 ,mac,alister at ! ,libr>y ,association ,conf]5ce at ,ab]de54 ,9 ,am]ica ?is is g5]ally kn[n z ! 8,two-,book ,sy/em10 & x became v widely adopt$ aft] #ahid4 ,inde$1 ,am]ican libr>ies are mo/ g5]\s 9 _! l5d+2 _m libr>ies l5d z _m z t5 books at a "t2 & "o or two h rec5tly 7#aiai7 invit$ borr[]s to take at any "o "t 8z _m z !y l40 ,! advantage ( ?is indiscrim9ate fre$om is n q obvi\s1 &1 ow+ to _! m limit$ /ocks1 x w\ld be impossible 9 mo/ ,briti% libr>ies4 ,!re are decid$ advantages 9 ! plan ( all[+ borr[]s to h two books at a "t1 & !re is no d\bt x greatly enhances ! value ( ! public libr>y to _m p4 ,z indicat$ by ,rule #ai1 ,section #cfj1 special privileges are recomm5d$ to be ext5d$ to s*ool tea*]s1 :o ought to be all[$ any numb] ( books1 )9 reason1 requir$ = _! special & important "w ( education4 ,!re is no objection to all[+ special privileges to all e>ne/ /ud5ts engag$ on special l9es ( rese>*1 provid$ no inju/ice is done to ! g5]al "w ( ! libr>y or to /ud5ts simil>ly engag$4 ,c]ta9ly x is bett] to l5d a real /ud5t half a doz5 or m books at a "t ?an to h ^! books ly+ idle at ! libr>y4 ,( c\rse1 9 libr>ies ) m read]s ?an books1 if !re are any1 extra tickets w require to be issu$ ) caution1 b 9 all l>ge libr>ies ! privilege c be ext5d$ )\t fe> or hesitation4 #cgb4 ,regi/ration4--,all borr[]s' tickets %\ld be numb]$ 9 a progressive s]ies1 & ! same numb] %\ld be giv5 to ! same borr[] z long z he or %e rema9s connect$ ) ! libr>y4 ,?is prev5ts ov]lapp+ & ! clumsy me?od ( numb]+ cont9u\sly up to a c]ta9 limit & c\nt+ (f ! e>ly numb]s2 a d\btful way ( asc]ta9+ ! total numb] ( actual borr[]s at any giv5 "t4 ,! rul+ ( a numb] regi/] 9 book =m is %[n 9 ,fig4 #ach4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ ,no4 #aija4 #aijb4 #aijc4aijd4aije4aijf4aijg4 ---------------------------------------- ------------ #a ,h4 ,c4 ,rhodes,h4 ,c4 ,rhodes ,june #d ,june #f #b ,p4 ,krg] ,j4 ,burns ,june #d ,july #aj #c #d #e #f #g #h #i ,,fig4 #ach4--;,borr[]s' ,numb] ,regi/] 7,section #cgb74 ,9 ?is ea* borr[] is ent]$ z he jo9s1 receiv+ ! fir/ vacant numb]1 :i* is also c>ri$ on to 8 v\*] & ticket4 ,! column is *os5 :i* repres5ts ! ye> 9 :i* 8 ticket expires1 & aga9/ ! numb] is writt5 ! borr[]'s "n1 & "u x ! mon? & day :5 ! ticket expires4 ,! hold] ( a giv5 ticket c be asc]ta9$ v rapidly by ?is me?od1 & "t-expir$ or dead ticket-hold]s c be c\nt$ (f )\t tr\ble4 ,b x is necess>y to m>k or qualify ! entries 9 ord] to d ?is4 ,an easy way to indicate an expir$ ticket is to m>k ! regi/] ) a blue tick 77 z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ach 7,no4 #b74 ,^! expir$ numb]s %\ld be giv5 to new borr[]s1 s z to keep ! regi/] fill$ up & complete1 & at ! end ( a giv5 p]iod1 :5 x is "t to asc]ta9 ! numb] ( 8live0 or actual ticket-hold]s1 x is only necess>y to c\nt ! blue ticks1 & d$uct _! total f ! la/ numb] ( ! s]ies1 9 ord] to obta9 ! exact numb] ( curr5t borr[]s4 ,a numb] regi/] book rul$ z %[n 9 ,fig4 #ach w la/ = _m ye>s4 ,x is n necess>y to pr9t ! progressive numb]s or ye>s1 & x w facilitate c\nt+ op]ations if fifty numb]s are all[$ = e page4 ,duplicate or special ticket-hold]s numb]$ 9 a sep>ate s]ies %\ld be ent]$ 9 a special book1 & juv5ile ticket-hold]s c be treat$ 9 a simil> fa%ion4 #cgc4 ,to prev5t ! possibility ( a numb] ( tickets be+ obta9$ by ! same individuals1 all tickets %\ld be regi/]$ & made out at "o libr>y ( a t[n1 b1 ( c\rse1 issu$ f ! libr>y at :i* ! application 0 made1 & su* tickets %\ld be made int]*angeable4 ,!re does n seem to be any advantage atta*$ to sep>ate bran* regi/ration1 & c]ta9ly !re is mu* loss ( good s]vice :5 resid5ts are conf9$ to ! use ( a p>ticul> bran*4 ,! resid5ts 9 a t[n are entitl$ to use any ( ! libr>ies1 & a c5tral regi/ration ( borr[]s is !re=e ess5tial4 #cgd4 ,:5 ! borr[]s' v\*]s h be5 duly *eck$1 numb]$1 & ! tickets h be5 writt5 out1 !y %\ld be fil$ 9 alphabetical ord] ( ! borr[]s' surnames 9 prop]ly guid$ trays 7or1 bett]1 c>d cab9ets71 suppli$ ) all necess>y angle blocks1 etc41 z 9 ! case ( *>g+ & c>d-catalogue trays & cab9ets4 ,^! =m ! alphabetical index to ! borr[]s1 :ile ! borr[]s' numb] regi/] supplies ! num]ical side4 ,?us any "q reg>d+ borr[]s c be answ]$ )\t delay4 ,x is n necess>y to keep an alphabetical index ( gu>antors if ! electors' roll is m>k$ z previ\sly sugge/$4 #cge4 ,,bibliography ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 7,ed474 ,! ,"w ( ! ,regi/ration ,desk4 ,9 ,mod4 ,am]ican ,lib4 ,econ41 #aijh4 ,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d41 & ,o!rs4 ,op5 ,access ,libr>ies1 #aiae4 ,= articles see ,cannons1 ,e #aaa1 ,regi/ration ( ,borr[]s4 ,,*apt] ,,xxv ,,issue ,,me?ods #cgf4 ,9 mod]n libr>y practice1 me?ods ( book-regi/ration involv+ ! use ( l$g]s or day-books h n[ be5 entirely ab&on$1 save 9 a few propriet>y & subscription libr>ies4 ,x w1 !re=e1 be ne$less to describe *>g+ sy/ems s g5]ally disc>d$1 & x w suffice if ref]5ce is made to ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w1 9 :i* _m =ms 7 illu/rat$ & expla9$4 #cgg4 ,! great objection to all *>g+ l$g]s 9 book =m 0 _! want ( movability & adju/ability4 ,! entries :5 once made 7 fix$1 ei!r 9 a runn+ sequ5ce "u a date ( issue1 a borr[]'s "n1 or a book's title4 ,if1 = any purpose1 x %\ld be desirable to manipulate ! entries1 9 ord] to secure great] accuracy1 or "s def9ite record ( a special k9d1 ! book l$g]s did n l5d !mselves to ?is sort ( treatm5t4 ,!re 0 no k9d ( movability possible1 & que/ions :i* might be answ]$ readily en\gh if entries 7 movable & sep>ate1 c\ld n be put to any issue record 9 volume =m4 ,*iefly because ( ?is1 ! slip or c>d me?ods ( *>g+ 7 introduc$1 :i* enable regi/ration to be conduct$ 9 a v>iety ( ways = diff]5t purposes4 ,x is impossible to say :5 or :]e c>ds 7 fir/ introduc$1 b z !y h be5 us$ = comm]cial purposes = ye>s be=e ! public libr>y sy/em 0 e/abli%$1 x foll[s t _m m9ds mu/ h discov]$ ! utility & conv5i5ce ( movable entries4 ,!re are _m v>ieties ( c>d or slip *>g+ 9 exi/5ce1 & innum]able me?ods ( work+ or apply+ !m4 ,movable entry sy/ems are 9 e respect ! mo/ int]e/+1 n only because !y pres5t great] possibilities to ! +5i\s m9d1 b because !y are m sci5tific & m natural4 #cgh4 ,!re h be5 num]\s sy/ems devis$ = record+ issues ( books f public libr>ies1 b 9 none h s _m v>iations be5 introduc$ z 9 ! great gr\p us+ c>ds z a basis4 ,!re is h>dly any limit to be put to ! v>iety ( ways 9 :i* c>ds c be us$2 &1 )\t describ+ e sy/em 9 detail1 x w nev]!less be int]e/+ to select & describe typical plans f among ! m practical v>ieties1 z repres5tative ( ea* p>ticul> gr\p4 ,! fundam5tal idea ( all c>d sy/ems ( *>g+ is t ea* book or volume %all be repres5t$ by a movable c>d1 :i* c be /or$ 9 v>i\s ways :5 ! book is on ! %elf1 & us$ to regi/] or *>ge ! book1 :5 issu$1 to its borr[]4 #cgi4 ,:5 c>ds are us$ z movable entries1 !re is no ne$ to keep a column = %[+ date ( return2 &1 be=e describ+ a me?od ( work+1 ! foll[+ specim5 rul+ = a c>d is giv53 ------------------------------------ ,f #idcb ,,hope ,prison] ( ,z5da #hbgf ,jul4 #ai #bfda ,nov4 #f ,,fig4 #aci4--;,book ,issue-,c>d 7,section #cgi74 ,! fir/ & ?ird columns may be us$ = ! borr[]s' numb]s1 & ! second & f\r? = dates ( issue1 z %[n above1 or all f\r columns may be us$ = borr[]s' numb]s4 ,! backs ( ! c>ds may be rul$ ! same1 )\t ! head+4 ,^! c>ds are kept 9 a /rict num]ical ord] ( progressive numb]s 9 trays or draw]s4 ,:5 a book is *os5 by a borr[]1 ! c>d repres5t+ x is )drawn f its place1 ! borr[]'s numb] & date ( issue ent]$1 ! date ( issue /amp$ on ! date label ( ! book1 & ! transaction is complete :5 ! book-c>d is plac$ 9 a tray1 or beh9d a special block be>+ ! date ( issue4 ,at ! end ( ! day ! c>ds are all sort$ up 9 num]ical ord]1 z f> z possible1 ! /ati/ics made up f !m1 & !y are !n put away 9 ! dat$ issue trays1 or beh9d date blocks 9 draw]s4 ,:5 a book is return$1 its date & numb] direct ! assi/ant to ! exact numb] ( ! book-c>d1 :i* is )drawn1 & at leisure replac$ 9 ! ma9 sequ5ce4 ,no o!r m>k+ (f is necess>y1 & ! book is imm$iately available = issue4 ,ov]dues gradually decl>e !mselves1 z day aft] day passes1 & ! c>ds = books 9 circulation dim9i% 9 numb] z returns are made4 ,?is is c>d *>g+ ( a simple k9d1 :i* is r>ely us$ n[adays1 z 9 cases ( ov]dues1 qu]ies1 etc41 x necessitates ref]5ce to ! borr[]s' regi/]1 & su* ref]5ces are always a nuisance2 b x =ms ! basis ( all ! m elaborate sci5tific sy/ems4 #chj4 ,! pocket sy/em ( c>d-*>g+ is t mo/ us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 n only z a sep>ate me?od1 b also frequ5tly 9 connexion )1 or z an adjunct to1 indicators4 ,?is is a loose pocket sy/em 9 :i* ea* book is repres5t$ by a manila c>d 7ab\t #d #b in*es7 rul$ on bo? sides to take borr[]s' numb]s & dates ( issues4 ,e borr[] is repres5t$ by a c>d ( a simil> k9d1 b "o in* %ort] 7see ,fig4 #adj74 ,:5 a book is issu$ its c>d is tak5 f ! tray1 &1 ) ! borr[]'s c>d1 is plac$ 9 a loose manila pocket1 ! date ( issue is /amp$ on ! date label inside ! book & ! borr[] receives ! volume4 ,x is cu/om>y 9 mo/ op5 access libr>ies to h& ! borr[] 8 c>d :5 8 book is dis*>g$4 ,if he does n want ano!r book at ! mom5t he reta9s 8 c>d = ! future1 b if he does want ano!r he selects "o 9 ! usual way1 & h&s x & 8 ticket to ! assi/ant at ! exit *>g+ wicket1 :]e ! *>ge is made v rapidly by simply select+ ! book-c>d & 8m>ry+0 x ) ! borr[]'s c>d 9 a loose pocket4 ,9 "s libr>ies ! *>ges ?us made are simply sort$ by book numb]s & arrang$ beh9d project+ date guides 9 ! issue trays4 ,9 o!rs ?is is po/pon$ till ! book numb]s h be5 c>ri$ on to ! book-c>ds4 ,:atev] me?od ( regi/ration is adopt$ ! ultimate result is t a complete *>ge is got by me*anical means1 :i* obviates ! ne$ = writ+ at ! mom5t ( issue4 ,! plan ( keep+ ! book-c>ds 9 pockets inside ! books has be5 adopt$ 9 "s libr>ies1 b ( c\rse ?is de/roys ! value ( ! sy/em z an indicator to ! /aff ( books 9 & out4 ,at ! same "t1 9 op5 access libr>ies p>ticul>ly1 x facilitates s]vice at ! mom5t ( issue4 ,! conjo9$ c>ds ( ?is loose pocket sy/em appe> z 9 ! diagrams on page #cee 7,figs4 #adb-c74 #cha4 ,! foll[+ diagrams %[ "o ( ! pr9cipal sy/ems ( c>d *>g+ n[ us$ 9 ,briti% libr>ies4 ,ea* book has a small triangul> pocket inside ! front bo>d1 9 :i* is plac$ a small book-c>d 7#b #a in*es7 ( manila1 on :i* is writt5 ! class numb]1 au?or & title ( ! book x repres5ts4 ,9 cases ( duplicate copies x is advisable to write ! accession numb] on ! book-c>d to facilitate /ocktak+4 ,ea* book also has a date label inside ! front bo>d fac+ ! book pocket 7,fig4 #ada74 --------------------------- #dfbb ,a #cb ,book-c>d ,,balf\r projection4 --------------------------- #eiaf #cj ,m>41 #aijh ,,ri*>d ,,g>nett1 #a ,museum ,/reet4 --------------- --------- ,borr[]'s c>d ------ projection4 ---- ,pocket4 ,pocket4 --------------------------- ,,fig4 #adj4--;,book & ,borr[]'s ,c>ds comb9$ 9 ,pocket 7,section #chj74 ,ea* borr[] has a neat l95-cov]$ or o!r c>d be>+ ! "n ( ! libr>y1 ! "n1 address & numb] ( ! borr[] & ! date :5 ! c>d 0 issu$1 or bett]1 :5 x w expire1 if p]iodical r5ewals are dem&$4 ,:5 a book is issu$1 ! borr[] h&s 8 c>d & ! book *os5 to ! assi/ant1 :o takes ! book-c>d f ! book pocket & places x 9 ! pocket ( ! borr[]'s c>d1 /amps ! date ( issue or return on ! date label & issues ! book4 ,! *>ges are !n arrang$ 9 trays z describ$ bel[1 & ?us give a p]fect record )\t writ+4 ---------------------------------- ------------- ,e #ajjc ,,balf\r ------- ,book-c>d4 ,,botany ---- ---4 4 ,book -- ,pocket4 6 --------------------- ,,fig4 #ada4--;,book ,pocket & ,c>d4 #chb4 ,*>g+ ,appliances4--,an important "p ( a c>d me?od is ! tray = hold+ & display+ ! c>ds1 & ( ?is !re are a numb] ( k9ds 9 use 9 libr>ies us+ indicators & 9 ^? work+ )\t !m4 ,= _m reasons1 b above all = economy ( space1 x is be/ to use a comp>atively small-siz$ *>g+ c>d1 ! advantage be+ t all ! accessories1 su* z trays1 guides1 etc41 are correspond+ly small1 *eap & easily h&l$4 ---------- #a ----------- -------------------------- ,watson 7,john7 #cj ,?ornhill ,squ>e4 #eifc #cj? ,sept41 #aijf4 #c -------------------------- ,,bookton ,,public ,,libr>ies4 -------------------------- ,v ,,fig4 #adb4--;,borr[]'s ,c>d ) ,pocket4 -------------------------- ,watson -- ,borr[]'s 7,john7 ,c>d4 ------------------ ,e #ajjc -----,book- ,c>d4 ,balf\r ------------------------ ,,bookton ,,public ,,libr>ies4 -------------------------- ,,fig4 #adc4--;,borr[]'s ,c>d & ,book-c>d conjo9$4 #chc4 ,a /&>d size ( c>d tray made ( wood is %[n 9 ,fig4 #add4 ,?is tray 7b7 is provid$ ) a rod 7a7 = secur+ ! guides 7e7 9 a cont9u\s slot 7c7 at ! bottom1 to c>ry & secure ! slot-fa/5+ 7f7 ( ! guides 7e74 ,x has cut-away sides to facilitate ! h&l+ ( ! c>ds2 a back slide or block 7d7 to reta9 ! c>ds at any conv5i5t or requir$ angle2 angle-b>s & cat*-pieces ( brass 7g & h7 to secure a s]ies ( trays firmly 9 place1 & prev5t upsett+ or knock+ ab\t4 ,= e k9d ( c>d *>g+1 :e!r 9 connexion ) an indicator or )\t1 ?is /yle ( s+le tray1 capable ( indef9ite expansion1 is pref]able to draw]s or frames divid$ into comp>tm5ts4 ,ea* tray w hold ) its guides approximately #ajjj c>ds1 &1 :5 divid$ up into hundr$s1 any numb] c be f\nd q rapidly4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #add4--;,elevation & ,plan ( ,c>d-*>g+ ,tray 7,section #chc74 #chd4 ,! guides are g5]ally made ( /eel1 enamell$ & figur$1 or f vulcaniz$ fibre1 xylonite or alum9ium1 be>+ ! numb]s /amp$ ^u !m4 ,e *>g+ sy/em ( ?is k9d %\ld h a set ( n9e guides = ea* ?\s& numb]s1 numb]$ simply #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 or hav+ ! hundr$s runn+ progressively ?r\gh\t1 #ajj1 #bjj1 #cjj1 #djj1 etc4 ,!re %\ld also be at lea/ two complete sets ( date guides1 numb]$ f #a to #ca inclusive1 a set ( alphabetical guides 7= unclaim$ borr[]s' c>ds7 f ,a to ,z1 & ! miscellane\s guides = f9es1 m>k$ #a;d41 #b;d41 #c;d41 #f;d41 etc41 8,ov]dues10 8,r5ewals10 8,gu>antors ,notifi$10 etc4 ,all ^! are necess>y = work+ c>d-*>g+ z describ$ 9 ?is ,*apt]4 #che4 ,x is advisable to provide a c>d-sort+ tray1 :i* may be a simple rack divid$ into n>r[ comp>tm5ts repres5t+ ?\s&s4 ,! comp>tm5ts ne$ n be m ?an an in* wide1 z ! c>ds c lie j z easily on _! edges z flat1 & ) great] economy ( space4 ,:]e fiction is kept 9 a sep>ate s]ies ( trays1 or ! book-issue c>ds are class$1 !n1 ( c\rse1 "s modifications w be requir$ bo? 9 book-issue & sort+ trays4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #ade4--;,c>d-*>g+ ,trays 9 use 7,section #cgh74 #chf4 ,! indicator1 z a libr>y tool1 is almo/ entirely an ,engli% appliance1 & x is some:at curi\s1 consid]+ _! love =1 & ext5sive use (1 me*anical contrivances1 t ,am]ican libr>ians h nev] tak5 k9dly to x4 ,v>i\s abortive exp]im5ts h be5 tri$ at ,bo/on & else:]e ) indicat+ devices ( sev]al patt]ns1 b ! almo/ univ]sal op9ion ( ,am]ican libr>ians is aga9/ indicators 9 any %ape or =m4 ,?is holds good z reg>ds colonial & =eign libr>ies g5]ally1 ?\gh "o or two ,canadian & ,au/ralasian libr>ies h adopt$ indicators ( an ,engli% design4 ,9 ,engl&1 on ! contr>y1 ! inv5tion ( ^! appliances has gone on unremitt+ly = sixty ye>s1 & !re are ab\t tw5ty diff]5t v>ieties1 ea* possess+ its own m]it or +5uity4 #chg4 ,an indicator is a device = indicat+ or regi/]+ in=mation ab\t books1 9 su* a way t x c be se5 ei!r by ! /aff alone1 or by ! public & /aff bo?4 ,! in=mation usually convey$ to ! public is "s k9d ( indication ( ! pres5ce or abs5ce ( books1 & ! me?ods ( accompli%+ ?is almo/ inv>iably take ! =m ( display$ numb]s1 qualifi$ 9 su* a way z to indicate books 9 & out4 ,?us1 small spaces on a scre5 may be numb]$ to repres5t books1 & _! pres5ce 9 ! libr>y indicat$ by ! space be+ blank1 or _! abs5ce f ! libr>y %[n by ! space be+ occupi$ by a c>d or block4 ,or1 col\rs may be us$ to indicate books 9 & out1 or a *ange 9 ! position ( ! block repres5t+ a book4 ,no d\bt ! idea ( ! me*anical indicator 0 e>ly evolv$ f ! ne$s ( ! fir/ public libr>ies4 ,! fir/ practical application ( x 0 9 #ahfc1 :5 ,mr ,*>les ,dyall1 !n ,libr>ian at ! ,hulme ,bran* ( ! ,man*e/] ,public ,libr>ies1 _h "o made = actual use by ! public & ! /aff4 ,?is seems to be ! v e>lie/ ,engli% indicator1 & ,mr ,dyall is entitl$ to full cr$it z ! pione] inv5tor4 #chh4 ,! ,,elliot ,,indicator1 #ahgj1 is v fully describ$ 9 a pamphlet entitl$ 8,a ,practical ,explanation ( ! ,safe & ,rapid ,me?od ( ,issu+ ,libr>y ,books1 by ,j4 ,elliot1 inv5tor ( ! sy/em4 ,wolv]hampton1 #ahgj40 ,?is pamphlet gives diagrams & descriptions ( ! ,elliot ,indicator 9 sub/antially ! same =m 9 :i* x exi/s at ! pres5t day4 ,! numb]s are alongside ! ticket %elves or spaces1 & a specially ?ick borr[]'s ticket is us$ ) col\r$ ends to %[ books out & ov]due4 ,! indicator is a l>ge frame1 divid$ into columns by wide uprights c>ry+ #ajj numb]s ea*1 :i* correspond ) ! little %elves1 =m$ ( t91 divid+ ea* column4 ,!re are #ajj %elves & numb]s 9 e column1 & ! indicator is made 9 sev]al sizes1 accord+ to ! wid? ( ! borr[]'s c>d us$4 ,! public side is cov]$ ) glass4 ,! me?od ( work+ is simple4 ,! borr[] scans ! indicator till he f9ds ! space opposite ! numb] he wants vacant4 ,?is indicates t ! book he wants is 91 & he !n h&s 8 ticket to ! assi/ant1 /at+ ! numb] ( ! book he requires4 ,! assi/ant ent]s ! book numb] & date ( issue 9 ! borr[]'s c>d1 & ins]ts x 9 ! indicator 9 ! space aga9/ ! numb]4 ,! book is !n fet*$1 & be=e issue x is regi/]$ on a specially rul$ day-%eet1 by means ( a /roke1 to record ! day's circulation = /ati/ical purposes4 ,:5 ! book is return$ its numb] directs to ! space on ! indicator occupi$ by ! borr[]'s c>d1 :i* is )drawn & return$ to ! own]1 :5 all liability = f9es is cle>$4 ,ov]dues are detect$ by means ( diff]5tly col\r$ ends to ! borr[]s' c>ds1 or ! p]iodical exam9ation ( ! indicator4 ,?is indicator1 :i* occupies a v l>ge am\nt ( c\nt]-space1 has be51 or is1 9 use at ,wolv]hampton1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne & ,paisley4 --------------------------------- ,space #dia - = ---------------------------- ,ticket4 #dib ---------------------------- ,ticket 9 #dic - space1 ---------------------------- indicat+ #did book out4 ---------------------------- #die ---------------------------- #dif ---------------------------- --------------------------------- ,,fig4 #adf4--;,diagram ( ,elliot ,indicator 7,section #chh74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adg4--;,a ,libr>y ,indicator1 z se5 f ! side ( ! public4 #chi4 ,,cotgreave ,,indicator1 #ahgg4--,?is indicator is t :i* has be5 mo/ us$ 9 ?is c\ntry1 & 0 ! inv5tion ( ,alfr$ ,cotgreave1 !n ,libr>ian ( ! ,w$nesbury ,public ,libr>y1 9 #ahgg4 ,an acc\nt ( its /ructure & work+ f "o ( ! descriptive circul>s issu$ 9 connexion ) x w enable anyone to ga!r a good idea ( its appe>ance & use3 8,x consi/s ( a wood5 or iron frame1 fitt$ ) m9ute z9c %elves1 g5]ally #ajj 9 a column4 ,^u ea* ( ^! %elves is plac$ a small metal-b\nd l$g] 7#c in*es #a in*71 conta9+ a numb] ( leaves1 rul$ & head$ = ! numb] ( borr[]'s ticket1 & date ( issue1 also date ( return or o!r items z may be requir$1 numb]$ or lett]$ at ea* end1 & arrang$ num]ically 9 ! frames4 ,"o "p ( x is also lett]$ = entries ( date ( pur*ase1 title ( book1 etc4 ,! metal case has turn$-up ends1 & ! numb]s appe> on a gr\nd col\r$ r$ at "o end & blue at ! o!r1 "o col\r %[+ books out1 ! o!r books 92 o!r col\rs may be us$ if pref]r$4 ,! out numb]s c be cov]$ altoge!r ) a date slide if requir$4 ,! *ange ( col\r is effect$ by simply rev]s+ ! l$g] 9 ! indicator frame4 ,! public side ( ! indicator is protect$ by glass4 8,! modus op]&i is z foll[s3 ,a borr[] hav+ *os5 a book f ! catalogue1 consults ! indicator1 & f9d+ ! requir$ numb] to be on blue1 d5ot+ 91 asks = ! book correspond+1 at ! same "t t5d]+ 8 libr>y ticket4 ,! assi/ant )draws ! indicator l$g]1 makes ! necess>y entries1 ins]ts borr[]'s ticket1 & rev]ses ! l$g]1 :i* !n %[s ! r$ col\r1 signify+ out4 ,he !n h&s out ! book ask$ =4 ,! borr[]'s ticket w rema9 9 ?is numb] until he *anges 8 book1 :5 8 ticket w1 ( c\rse1 be transf]r$ to ! next numb] requir$1 & ! return$ numb] w be rev]s$ aga91 %[+ by ! blue col\r t ! book x repres5ts is aga9 91 & is imm$iately available to any o!r read] requir+ x4 ,! entries ne$ n be made at ! "t ( issue1 b may /& ov] until a m conv5i5t "t4 8,:5 a book is n requir$ ! ticket is return$ to ! borr[]1 & acts z a receipt1 exon]at+ him f liabilities40 ,!re are _m ways ( work+ ?is indicator 9 ord] to obta9 c]ta9 records or notifications ( ov]dues1 & ne>ly e libr>y has "s modification ( its own4 ,x is n necess>y to trace ! hi/ory ( ! indicator 9 any fur!r detail1 because1 ) "o exception1 ! =ms describ$ comprise all t h be5 introduc$ to any ext5t 9 ,engli% public libr>ies4 #cij4 ,ano!r indicator :i* has be5 introduc$ to "s ext5t 0 inv5t$ 9 #ahid1 & has sev]al features :i* may be describ$ "h4 ,x consi/s ( a s]ies ( wood5 blocks1 ea* ( :i* is numb]$ ) #bej numb]s 9 gilt figures1 & ea* numb] has a slot "u x l>ge en\gh to hold a book-c>d ) r$ col\r$ or :ite ends1 be>+ ! same numb] z ! slot4 ,^! blocks c be built into columns ( #ajjj ) ! numb]s runn+ consecutively1 ! :ole be+ lodg$ 9 a glaz$ frame4 ,?is indicator diff]s f o!r v>ieties 9 hav+ ! numb]s qualifi$ by ! r$ or :ite l9e ( ! c>d "u ! numb]s to indicate books 92 :5 ! slot is blank1 ! book is out4 8,! )drawal ( ! book-c>d is ! me?od ( indicat+ books out1 & x is ! union ( ?is c>d ) ! borr[]'s c>d :i* =ms ! basis ( ! subsequ5t regi/ration4 ,:5 a book is issu$ ! assi/ant )draws ! c>d f ! record] & places x 9 ! read]'s ticket1 :i* is =m$ l a pocket1 fet*es ! book1 /amps x ) ! date ( issue1 & s completes ! transaction at ! mom5t ( s]vice4 ,aft]w>ds1 ! read]s' pocket tickets conta9+ ! book-c>ds are assembl$ & arrang$ accord+ to classes 9 num]ical ord]4 ,!y are !n po/$1 by book & read] numb]s only1 on to a daily issue %eet or regi/]1 & ! date ( issue is /amp$ on ea* book-c>d1 if ?is has n already be5 done at ! mom5t ( s]vice4 ,! conjo9$ book- & read]-c>ds are !n plac$ 9 a tray be>+ ! date ( issue1 9 ! ord] ( classes & book numb]s1 or 9 "o s]ies ( book numb]s z may be ne$ful40 ,9 o!r respects ?is *>g+ sy/em resembles ! c>d me?ods describ$ 9 ,section #chj4 #cia4 ,! only o!r indicator :i* is design$ on an entirely diff]5t pr9ciple f any ( ! =ego+ is ! ,adju/able ,indicator propos$ by ! au?or 9 a pap] read be=e ! ,libr>y ,association 9 #ahie1 & publi%$ 9 ,! ,libr>y = #ahif1 ) illu/rations4 ,?is 0 a practical proposal = an adju/able indicator 9 :i* its size %\ld be limit$ by ! numb] ( books 9 actual circulation1 & n by ! numb] 9 /ock4 ,!re is a v important po9t "h1 z a libr>y ) a /ock ( #cj1jjj volumes w\ld require an indicator occupy+ ab\t ?irty-eight feet run ( c\nt] space4 ,if x nev] _h m ?an #djjj volumes out at "o "t1 ^! c\ld be %[n on ! limit$ indicator above nam$ )9 a space ( n m ?an six or eight feet4 ,?is is a mo/ important "q1 & x is inevitable t1 9 _m libr>ies :]e conditions & feel+ are oppos$ to progressive *anges1 ?is cont9ual gr[? ( indicator space w =ce libr>y au?orities into ! s]i\s consid]ation ( less cr[d$ me?ods4 #cib4 ,on ! pr9ciple ( limit+ ! indicator to "o p>ticul> class ( lit]ature1 sev]al v>ieties h be5 introduc$ at ,brighton1 ,wimbl$on1 ,glasg[ & ,lewi%am4 ,s _m libr>ies n[ use indicators = ,fiction only t !re is "s advantage 9 hav+ special appliances = ! purpose4 ,! ,glasg[ indicator consi/s ( a s]ies ( deta*$ columns ) adju/able numb]-blocks repres5t+ ! books1 arrang$ s t ins]tions c be made at any po9t4 ,! ,lewi%am or ,graham indicator is an alphabetical "o1 & consi/s ( an ord9>y pigeon-hol$ frame1 into :i* fit small numb]$ blocks ( wood or metal be>+ ! names ( au?ors & simil> blocks ) ! numb]s ( _! works4 ,! *ief advantage ( ?is =m is t x is self-conta9$1 & requires no key to enable borr[]s to asc]ta9 :at are ! titles ( books indicat$ 94 ,a simple ref]5ce to ! au?or's "n 9 ! ord9>y catalogue enables ?is to be done4 ,an indicator on simil> l9es has be5 inv5t$ by ,cotgreave1 :o appli$ ! idea to a magaz9e indicator4 ------------------- ,out 44 ,,argosy4 ------------------- ,9 444 ,,art ,,j\rnal4 ------------------- ,,fig4 #adh4--;,diagram ( ,p]iodicals ,indicator 7,section #cic74 #cic4 ,indicators are occasionally us$ = record+ & indicat+ ! issue ( ! p>ts ( p]iodicals1 bo? 9 l5d+ libr>ies & read+-rooms4 ,! read+-room indicator simply %[s :at p]iodicals are 9 use or available1 9 cases :]e !y are kept beh9d a b>ri] in/ead ( be+ spread ov] tables or racks4 ,!re are examples ( ?is indicator at ! ,public ,libr>ies ( ,/ ,savi\r's1 ,s\?w>k1 & ,f9sbury4 ,! pr9ciple is simple4 ,! titles ( magaz9es are m\nt$ ^u n>r[ blocks ( wood1 arrang$ loosely 9 columns s z to be adju/able1 )9 a glaz$ frame4 ,! back ( ?is frame is op5 to ! /aff only4 ,aga9/ ! end ( ea* title a hole is drill$ to take a r\nd peg :i* is col\r$ black at "o end & :ite at ! o!r4 ,! :ite ends are %[n :5 a magaz9e is 91 & :5 x is issu$ ! peg is rev]s$ to %[ ! black end4 ,?is indicates out4 #cid4 ,z a sub/itute = indicators1 & an approa* to op5 access1 _m libr>ies provide a %[-case = new books on ! l5d+ libr>y c\nt]1 to enable read]s to see ! additions z !y are made4 ,9 "s libr>ies ^! %[-cases are n glaz$ on ! public side1 s t ! read]s h ! additional privilege ( exam9+ ! new books z well z m]ely see+ !m4 ,c]ta9 libr>ies1 l ,birk5head & ,/ ,george's-9-! ,ea/1 ,/epney1 h :ole dep>tm5ts ( books arrang$ beh9d wire or glass )9 see+ di/ance ( ! read]s1 & !y h ! option ( *oice by b9d+s & titles1 :i*1 if n mu* bett]1 is z good z *oos+ f catalogue entries1 & at any rate gives ! semblance ( fre$om & clos] t\* ) ! books4 #cie4 ,at "o "t a consid]able controv]sy1 (t5 conduct$ ) surpris+ feel+1 rag$ 9 ,engl& ov] ! respective m]its ( indicator & op5 access me?ods4 ,?is cont9u$ f ab\t #ahid1 :5 ,james ,duff ,br[n inaugurat$ ! safe-gu>d$ op5 %elf plus c>d-*>g+ me?od at ,cl]k5well 7n[ ,f9sbury ,c5tral7 ,libr>y4 ,8 lib]aliz+ action necess>ily ?reat5$ ! prop]ty ( ^? :o own$ indicator pat5ts--"s ( !m libr>ians un=tunately--& an a/oni%+ numb] ( objections to ea* me?od 7 !n discov]$ by ! advocates ( ei!r 7"s ( !m hone/74 ,! y\ng] libr>ians w h none ( ?is controv]sy4 ,x is a purely imp]sonal "q z to :i* is ! bett] sy/em1 & ! gradual ext5sion ( ! op5 access sy/em seems to h settl$ ! matt] 9 its fav\r4 ,x is cle> t ) advanc+ education ! public w "q ! "r ( ! libr>ies to erect b>ri]s1 h[ev] +5i\s & practical1 betwe5 ! books & _! read]s4 ,all t x seems necess>y to say "h is t libr>ians %\ld be able to exam9e bo? sy/ems 9 actual work+1 /udy ! results obta9$1 & =m _! own conclusions )\t hav+ _! integrity or morality *all5g$ because ( _! conclusions4 #cif4 ,,bibliography ,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,*>g+ ,sy/ems4 ,9 8 ,libr>y ,appliances1 p4 #bj4 ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 7,ed474 ,! ,*>g+ ,sy/em4 ,9 ,mod4 ,am]ican ,lib4 ,econ41 #aiji4 ,plumm]1 ,m4 ,w4 ,loan ,sy/ems4 ,u4,s4 ,educ4 ,rept41 #ahib-ahic1 vol4 i41 p4 #hih4 ,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d41 & ,o!rs4 ,op5 ,access ,libr>ies1 #aiae4 ,vitz1 ,c4 ,p4 ,p4 ,loan ,"w4 ,a4,l4,a4 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ41 ,prepr9t ( *apt] xxi41 #aiad4 ,= articles see ,cannons1 ,e #hd-ajf1 ,l5d+ ,libr>y ,me?ods4 ,,*apt] ,,xxvi ,,book ,,di/ribution #cig4 ,bran* ,libr>ies4--,bran* libr>ies are includ$ 9 ?is division1 because z a g5]al rule !y are pr9cipally l5d+ libr>ies ) a read+-room atta*$1 & r>ely possess ref]5ce dep>tm5ts4 ,e l>ge t[n ext5d+ ov] a wide area mu/ soon] or lat] face ! "q ( e/abli%+ bran* libr>ies1 n only z a conv5i5ce to ! public1 b z a relief to ! c5tral libr>y4 ,no rule c be laid d[n z to ! di/ance :i* any read] %\ld be f ! ne>e/ bran* or o!r libr>y4 ,x is "o ?+ to make a symmetrical plan on pap]1 %[+ a c5tral libr>y ) a r+ ( bran*es situat$ at regul> di/ances1 & s plac$ z to br+ e read] )9 "o1 half or qu>t] ( a mile ( ! ne>e/ libr>y1 b x is q a diff]5t matt] realiz+ ?is ideal4 ,topographical difficulties arise2 ! matt] ( d5sity ( population mu/ be consid]$2 &1 to cr[n all1 sites or suitable premises _c always be obta9$ at1 or ne>1 ! places select$1 z ! ideal spots4 ,= ^! reasons regul> spac+ c r>ely be a*iev$ 9 ! provision ( bran* libr>ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #adi4--,quick-ref]5ce ,collection1 ,glasg[4 #cih4 ,a bran* libr>y diff]s f a deliv]y /ation 9 be+1 to "s ext5t1 a m9iature c5tral libr>y1 c>ry+ its own /ock ( books1 & hav+ its own read+-room accommodation & magaz9es4 ,a deliv]y /ation ne$ n necess>ily h a /ock ( books1 beyond ^? s5t 9 response to applications1 & x w\ld h no read+-room :atsoev]4 ,bran*es & deliv]ies are (t5 confus$1 no d\bt because bo? provide = book di/ribution1 b beyond ?is common feature all resemblance ceases4 ,! "q ( ! am\nt & k9d ( accommodation :i* x is desirable to provide dep5ds entirely ^u funds1 conditions & requirem5ts4 ,= mo/ situations 9 :i* bran*es are necess>y1 su* z ! suburbs ( l>ge t[ns1 ! m9imum provision %\ld include a l5d+ dep>tm5t1 & g5]al read+-room = p]iodicals4 ,v occasionally a ref]5ce dep>tm5t is provid$1 b few sy/ems w be> ! co/ ( provid+ m ?an "o su* dep>tm5t1 & t at ! c5tral libr>y2 b e bran* %\ld h a collection ( quick-ref]5ce books :i* answ] ev]yday que/ions & af=d su* in=mation z is ne$$ 9 e libr>y4 ,su* a collection does n necess>ily require a sep>ate room1 because t requires special ov]sight1 b x is bett] to place x 9 a conv5i5t recess ( ! read+-room or ve/ibule1 :]e x is "u ! obs]vation ( ! /aff1 & :]e x is n necess>y = ! read] to pass ?r\gh ! wickets or o!r b>ri]s ( ! l5d+ dep>tm5t 9 ord] to make use ( x4 ,all k9ds ( extra features c be add$ to ^! provisions1 if necess>y1 b ^! w dep5d ^u funds2 b a lecture room is especially valuable 9 a bran*1 z x is usually 9 an area ill-provid$ ) su* accommodation & "o 9 :i* lectures1 exhibitions1 etc41 c be giv5 mo/ pr(itably4 ,mod]n exp]i5ce also advocates *ildr5's dep>tm5ts at bran*es1 z ! suburbs are ! nurs]y di/ricts ( mo/ t[ns1 & !re=e ! mo/ fruitful opportunities = "w ) *ildr5 are af=d$ 9 !m4 ,"s ( ! bran*es at ,man*e/]1 ,birm+ham1 ,liv]pool1 ,croydon1 ,cov5try1 ,ed9burgh1 ,bri/ol1 ,isl+ton1 ,lambe?1 ,sund]l& & ,fulham are models ( :at su* e/abli%m5ts %\ld be4 #cii4 ,x is impossible to lay d[n any rules = guidance z reg>ds ! f9anc+ ( bran*es1 beyond ! g5]al recomm5dation t !y %\ld nev] be develop$ at ! exp5se ( ! c5tral libr>y4 ,x is bett] to h "o effici5t libr>y 9 a t[n ?an sev]al ineffici5t ones1 z is ! case 9 "s t[ns :]e ?is :olesome pr9ciple has be5 =gott5 or ignor$4 ,libr>ians are ju/ifi$ 9 tak+ a /rong /& ^u ?is po9t aga9/ ! unreasonable dem&s ( w>d committee repres5tatives1 :o are sometimes b5t ^u gett+ ev]y?+ !y c = _! own p>ticul> di/rict irrespective ( ! claims ( ! sy/em z a :ole4 ,sep>ate acc\nt %\ld be kept ( all moneys exp5d$ ^u ea* bran*4 ,receipts %\ld also be sep>ately acc\nt$ =1 & ! c5tral libr>y %\ld receive a daily or weekly /atem5t ( all ca% intromissions1 issues1 occurr5ces1 etc4 ,su* /atem5ts c ei!r be r5d]$ ^u specially rul$ %eets or po/-c>ds1 or kept 9 books accord+ to "s su* =m z %[n 9 ,fig4 #aej4 ,all =ms1 books1 etc41 at ! bran* %\ld correspond ) ^? ( ! c5tral libr>y1 & ev]y?+ affect+ adm9i/ration /at$ ?r\gh\t ?is book applies1 ?\gh 9 a modifi$ degree1 to bran* "w4 #djj4 ,9 ! selection ( books = bran*es ! same pr9ciples %\ld be appli$ z previ\sly advocat$1 namely1 ! endeav\r to get a high av]age ( quality & utility 9 ! lit]ature add$ & ! det]m9ation to disc>d useless books :5 ! "t comes4 ,b an ef=t %\ld be made to v>y ! cont5ts ( bran* libr>ies s z to obta9 z ca?olic & repres5tative a /ock z possible4 ,) ,fiction1 ( c\rse1 ?is is n s easy1 especially 9 ! case ( popul> novels by well-kn[n writ]s1 b 9 o!r classes ?is c be done frequ5tly4 ,= in/ance1 if ! nor? bran* has ,s-&-,s's ,*emi/ry1 !re is no reason at all :y1 all ?+s be+ equal1 ! s\? bran* %\ld n h ,someo!rbody's ,*emi/ry & ! ea/ bran* ,someone-else's4 ,( c\rse x is assum$ t ^! are all text-books ( fairly equal m]it4 ,z e libr>y %\ld possess a union catalogue %[+ ! :]eab\ts ( e book 9 ! libr>y sy/em1 & z borr[]s' tickets %\ld be int]*angeable all ov] ! t[n & n limit$ to "o p>ticul> libr>y1 ?is arrangem5t ( diff]5t books on simil> subjects widely enl>ges ! borr[]'s field ( *oice4 ,if ! c5tral & bran* libr>ies are all int]connect$ by means ( ! telephone1 z !y ought to be1 a borr[] at ! nor? bran* c asc]ta9 if ,someo!rbody's ,*emi/ry is available )\t go+ himself1 & c easily arrange by wait+ a day or %ort] "t to h ! book deliv]$ at ! ne>e/ bran*4 ,at ,croydon a sy/em ( int]*ange effect$ by means ( ! municipal tramways1 :i* c>ry p>cels ( books free1 r$uces ! wait+ = a book at ano!r libr>y to ab\t ?irty m9utes4 ,su* sy/ems ( int]*ange are a great conv5i5ce 9 _m cases1 & place ! entire res\rces ( ! libr>y at ! comm& ( read]s1 no matt] :]e !y may live4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,lib]ton ,,public ,,libr>ies4 ,,nor? ,,bran*4--,,report4 ,date444444444444444444444444 ,a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,j,k,l ,total4 ,l5d+ ,issues 4 ,ref]5ce ,issues 4 -------------------- -------------------- ,receipts f ,f9es ,catalogues1 etc4 ,books ask$ = ,books want$ f ,c5tral ,supplies want$ ,call]s & occurr5ces ,sign$44444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ------------- ,,fig4 #aej4--;,bran* ,libr>y ,return 7,section #cii74 #dja4 ,deliv]y ,/ations4--,a deliv]y /ation is a place :i* may or may n h a small deposit collection ( books--g5]ally n--& is meant to supply read]s 9 ?9ly populat$ di/ricts & to be ! =]unn] ( an or?odox bran* to be e/abli%$ :5 ! di/rict develops4 ,su* /ations are usually a po/-(fice1 s*ool1 police /ation1 or %op1 :i* may be induc$ to c>ry out ! necess>y *>g+1 etc41 sometimes at a small remun]ation4 ,at ! v be/ a deliv]y /ation 9 a t[n is b a make%ift sub/itute = a bran*1 &1 f ! borr[]s' po9t ( view1 does n af=d a v satisfactory or exp$iti\s s]vice4 ,if books :i* are want$ are n 9 at ! c5tral libr>y1 consid]able delay & tr\ble are caus$4 ,borr[]s are compell$ to make out long li/s ( ! books !y desire to read1 & z (t5 z n ^! are all out at ! c5tral /ore4 ,z deliv]y /ations seldom c>ry a /ock ( books f :i* an alt]native *oice c be made1 borr[]s are driv5 to ! task ( mak+ out new li/s or tak+ any?+ ! deliv]y att5dant c get by telephone1 if !re is ?is k9d ( communication1 :i* is n g5]ally ! case2 & z deliv]y /ations are frequ5tly manag$ by any untra9$ p]son obta9able1 ! read] gets v little help 9 solv+ real difficulties4 ,ap>t f all ?is1 a day mu/ elapse1 z a rule1 be=e any book want$ c be obta9$1 ev5 if x is available1 & = ^! reasons ! e/abli%m5t ( book-deliv]y /ations is n advisable save 9 remote & inaccessible p>ts ( a l>ge t[n1 :5 e o!r me?od ( giv+ a local s]vice has be5 f\nd impracticable4 ,a highly organiz$ sy/em ( deliv]y /ations ) frequ5t motor deliv]ies might1 h[ev]1 be made effective 9 scatt]$ suburbs1 b al?\gh su* a sy/em has be5 sugge/$1 we h no record ( a successful ,briti% example4 #djb4 ,travell+ ,libr>ies4--,( mu* great] importance are travell+ libr>ies1 :i* c be made to s]ve e purpose ( deliv]y /ations1 ) ! great additional advantage ( furni%+1 9 "p1 ! same alt]native selection ( books z a bran* libr>y af=ds4 ,^! libr>ies are mu* us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & take ! =m ( boxes ( books numb]+ f fifty upw>ds1 :i* c be deposit$ at fix$ po9ts 9 t[ns & rural di/ricts1 :]e borr[]s c att5d & make a *oice ( read+ matt]4 ,boxes ( books by ?is plan c be s5t to ! c>e ( responsible p]sons 9 all p>ts ( a t[n1 & ^! p]sons c und]take ! local deliv]y & collection ( ! books1 ei!r = a small fee or z volunt>y sub-libr>ians4 ,v>i\s k9ds ( records are necess>y to keep track ( ! boxes & _! cont5ts & :]e & to :om !y travel4 ,until lately v little ( ?is k9d ( "w _h be5 done ei!r 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom or ,am]ica1 al?\gh ! ,am]icans are gradually develop+ sy/ems ( rural travell+ libr>ies & t[n 8home0 libr>ies4 ,! travell+ libr>ies ( ! ,/ates ( ,new ,york & ,wiscons9 =m a mo/ int]e/+ /udy1 z also d ! 8home0 libr>ies ( ! city ( ,bo/on4 ,lately ?is matt] has be5 giv5 a consid]able impetus ?r\gh ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 :i* has e/abli%$ exp]im5tal rural libr>y s*emes 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! k+dom 9 connexion ) ,c\nty ,c\ncils &1 m infrequ5tly1 suitable municipal c5tres4 ,scotl&1 ,irel&1 & ,wales1 ! c\nties ( ,dorset1 ,/af=d%ire1 ,w>wick%ire1 ,wilt%ire1 ,cumb]l& & ,we/morl& h all su* s*emes 9 op]ation or h und]tak5 !m4 ,^! h a c5tral deposit libr>y & circulate boxes ( books at frequ5t int]vals to ! villages & t[ns 9 ! area1 9 :i* ! cl]gy1 tea*]s & o!rs act z honor>y sub-libr>ians4 ,9 ?is way ! p :o are n at pres5t t\*$ by ! public libr>ies are be+ br\ght into ! fold4 ,! matt] is 9 ! exp]im5tal /age1 & is jeop>diz$ by ! fact t1 9 ,engl& at lea/1 ! ,c\nty ,c\ncils h no express p[]s to provide libr>ies2 b results ( ! mo/ promis+ k9d h already be5 obta9$1 & ! day is no d\bt at h& :5 ! traditional idea ( ! function ( a public libr>y z a /ore f :i* lit]ature is dol$ out to ! p1 if !y "k :at !y want1 w be sup]s$$ by a v pron\nc$ mission>y _s1 & an endeav\r to make kn[n 9 e possible way ! value ( all k9ds ( books to all k9ds ( p4 #djc4 ,subscription ,dep>tm5ts or ,book ,clubs4--,9 "s ( ! old] municipal libr>ies subscription dep>tm5ts or book clubs h be5 e/abli%$1 z a means ( increas+ ! /ock ( a libr>y1 )\t mu* exp5se4 ,su* dep>tm5ts exi/ at ,bolton1 ,burton1 ,dewsbury1 ,dundee1 ,elg91 ,leek1 ,tynem\?1 ,w$nesbury & ,work+ton4 ,!y are op]at$ z foll[s3 ,= a c]ta9 annual subscription any libr>y read] or t[nsman may jo9 ?is select libr>y4 ,f ! subscriptions s receiv$1 supplem5t$ 9 "s places by occasional grants f ! rate1 new books are b\ght1 g5]ally 9 accordance ) ! wi%es ( a majority ( memb]s1 b on ?is po9t practice v>ies4 ,= "o ye> ^! books are at ! s]vice ( subscrib]s only1 :o borr[ !m 9 ! usual way1 = a =tnight or o!r p]iods accord+ to circum/ances4 ,at ! end ( ! ye> ea* book is transf]r$ to ! public libr>y1 & becomes ! prop]ty ( ! libr>y au?ority = ! use ( all borr[]s4 ,:]e ! selection is made ) discretion1 ?is may seem an economical way ( obta9+ books = a public libr>y1 & !re is mu* to be said 9 its fav\r 9 pres5t circum/ances2 b objections h be5 rais$4 ,public libr>ies1 x is argu$1 h no "r to set up a privileg$ class 9 ?is way1 especially z x is probable t ! subscriptions _c pay all ! co/ ( s]vice1 light+1 h\s+1 etc42 ?us a proportion ( ! co/ ( ma9t5ance falls on ! libr>y funds1 & x is d\btful if 9 ! end !re is mu* ga9 9 receiv+ z a quid pro quo a numb] ( /ale &1 p]haps1 n v judici\sly select$ books2 &1 fur!r1 public libr>ies h no "r to compete ) private & comm]cial subscription libr>ies = ! sake ( m9i/]+ to ! few p :o c af=d ! luxury ( a select public libr>y to !mselves4 #djd4 ,ano!r =m ( subscription is occasionally indulg$ 9 by public libr>ies4 ,by pay+ a c]ta9 subscription to l>ge comm]cial libr>ies1 l ,mudie's1 !y are entitl$ to borr[ s _m volumes at a "t1 & ^! are re-issu$ to ! borr[]s 9 ! ord9>y way1 ! libr>y be+ responsible = losses4 ,9 small libr>ies ?is is (t5 an economical way ( obta9+ ! tempor>y loan ( copies ( exp5sive books = :i* !re is a l>ge transi5t dem&1 & 9 ?is way ! p h imm$iate access to books :i* might o!rwise nev] be b\ght1 or only obta9$ 9 second-h& =m long aft] _! int]e/ _h fad$4 ,! only tr\ble ab\t ?is arrangem5t is t x dep5ds ^u ! mood ( ! said comm]cial libr>ies = its cont9uance4 ,to :at ext5t ^! w\ld endure a con/ant dra9 f a hundr$ or s municipal libr>ies rema9s to be se51 z also does ! problem ( h[ !y w\ld meet ! dem& :5 x atta9$ l>ge dim5sions4 ,at "o "t c]ta9 ( ! ,london comm]cial libr>ies absolutely refus$ to l5d books to public libr>ies on any t]ms4 ,n[ !y are m complaisant4 #dje4 ,int]-,libr>y ,ex*anges4--,?is is a me?od ( book di/ribution :i* has n be5 tri$ to any ext5t among ,briti% municipal libr>ies1 & "s organization w\ld be requir$ to place x on a work+ basis4 ,briefly1 ! idea is to enable a public libr>y :i* has n got a p>ticul> book1 to borr[ x f "s libr>y :i* has1 assum+ all ! responsibility = its safety & due return2 & mak+ its own arrangem5t ) its borr[] = ! co/ ( c>riage4 ,?is k9d ( ex*ang+ c\ld be manag$ bett] 9 ,london ?an else:]e1 b x c\ld be appli$ to any gr\p ( libr>ies1 su* z ^? ( ,lanca%ire1 ,wales1 ,york%ire1 ,/af=d%ire1 etc4 ,ea* ex*ang+ libr>y w\ld require to possess a complete set ( class li/s & bullet9s1 or o!r catalogues1 ( all ! o!r libr>ies1 & :5 a dem& 0 made = a book :i* 0 n 9 its possession1 ! assi/ant c\ld look ?r\gh ! catalogues ( ! o!r libr>ies till he f\nd a copy1 & x c\ld !n be writt5 =1 ! borr[] pay+ all result+ exp5ses4 ,( c\rse1 ?is arrangem5t w\ld only apply to non-fictional works4 ,!re w\ld be an und\bt$ advantage1 too1 if su* a privilege c\ld be obta9$ = public libr>y borr[]s f "s ( ! old] propriet>y libr>ies ) huge /ocks ( practically unus$ books :i* municipal libr>ies w\ld n buy 9 ! ord9>y c\rse4 ,arrangem5ts :]eby books f special sci5tific or o!r libr>ies c\ld be borr[$ = ! use ( local borr[]s w\ld also be an arrangem5t1 c\ld x be manag$1 :i* w\ld b5efit a great] numb] ( /ud5ts & o!r p]sons ?an at pres5t4 ,b1 ( c\rse1 !re w\ld be v s]i\s difficulties 9 ! way ( induc+ ! own]s ( valuable special libr>ies to l5d books = ! use ( /rang]s introduc$ by municipal libr>y au?orities4 ,mean:ile1 because ( ^! difficulties ?\s&s ^u ?\s&s ( valuable & useful books are ly+ idle & neglect$ 9 e "p ( ! c\ntry1 a wa/e ( p[] :i* x is sad to contemplate4 ,a modification ( ?is idea is ! arrangem5t n[ made betwe5 a few t[ns :]eby read]s f ! "o :o are visit+ ! o!r1 :o h be5 v\*$ = z be+ 9 good /&+ by _! own libr>y1 are p]mitt$ to borr[ books f ! libr>y 9 ! t[n visit$4 ,su* an arrangem5t exi/s betwe5 ,brighton & ,croydon1 ,wat]loo has a simil> s*eme1 & possibly o!r places1 & ^! h giv5 mu* satisfaction4 ,! ma9 difficulty is t few inl& libr>ies c give a full return to libr>ies 9 pleasure or heal? resorts1 b p]haps too mu* emphasis %\ld n be laid ^u ! necessity = an absolute return ( s]vice4 ,,ref]5ce ,,li/ ,,( ,,au?orities #djf4 ,bran* ,libr>ies3 ,cole1 ,g4 ,w4 ,bran*es & ,deliv]ies4 ,u4,s4 ,educ4 ,rept41 #ahib-ahic1 vol4 i41 p4 #gji4 ,ea/man1 ,l4 ,a4 ,bran* ,libr>ies & ,o!r ,di/ribut+ ,ag5cies4 ,a4,l4,a4 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ41 ,prepr9t ( *apt] xv41 #aiaa4 ,hut*9s1 ,f4 ,a4 ,travell+ ,libr>ies1 #aijb4 7,a4,l4,a4 ,tract1 ,no4 #c47 ,= articles see ,cannons1 ,d #ac1 ,bran* ,plann+2 ,f #a1 ,me?ods2 ,l #fg1 ,books2 ,f #b1 ,deliv]y ,/ations2 ,f #d1 etc41 ,travell+ ,libr>ies4 ,,division ,,xii ,,! ,,ref]5ce ,,dep>tm5t ,,*apt] ,,xxvii ,,g5]al ,,ref]5ce ,,libr>y ,,me?od #djg4 ,"* & ,scope ( ! ,dep>tm5t4--,! ref]5ce libr>y is ! communal /udy1 bureau ( in=mation1 & munim5t h\se1 :5 x is develop$ to its full possibilities4 ,a def9ition ( ref]5ce "w turns ^u a def9ition ( a ref]5ce book to a l>ge ext5t1 & x is n easy to give m ?an an approximate "o4 ,a ref]5ce book is "o :i* is consult$ to obta9 "s p>ticul> fact or matt] f x & n "o t is read ?r\gh z a :ole4 ,all works 9 diction>y1 encyclopdic1 *ronological1 p]iodical & simil> =ms are ( ?is "*4 ,b any book :i* may be consult$ 9 ! way indicat$ is also legitimately a ref]5ce book4 ,fur!r1 all lit]>y & graphic mat]ial :i* may s be consult$1 :e!r 9 ,,mss41 pr9t$1 photographic or o!r =m1 is rightly a "p ( su* a libr>y4 ,! encyclopdic "w is !re=e ! basal /ock ( ! dep>tm5t2 & /&>d treatises on e bran* ( lit]ature1 :e!r 9 actual ref]5ce =m or n2 ! def9itive editions ( ! classics1 z = example ! ,v>iorum ,%akespe>e1 mu/ be includ$4 ,transi5t or p]man5t small ref]5ce mat]ial1 su* z pamphlets1 magaz9e articles1 broadsides1 news-clipp+s1 trade catalogues1 illu/rations1 maps1 etc41 %\ld all f9d a place 9 x2 9 fact1 mu* ( ! mo/ valu$ in=mation "w is done ) ! aid ( su* small mat]ial2 important facts are frequ5tly f\nd 9 seem+ly insignificant mat]ial2 & ! "w ( br++ x 9 relation to o!r simil> mat]ial is "o ( ! fir/-class s]vices ( ! ref]5ce libr>y4 ,f su* a /atem5t ( ! nature ( ! /ock ! purpose ( ! dep>tm5t may be d$uc$4 ,prim>ily1 z its "n implies1 x is a place :]e ref]5ces to books are made2 b1 al?\gh ?is is prim>y1 x is too limit$ a /atem5t ( ! functions ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,9 x cont9u\s read+1 rese>*1 & prolong$ /udy are all c>ri$ on1 & if a libr>y does n provide facilities = ^! x is to t ext5t ineffici5t4 ,^! consid]ations give rise to c]ta9 necess>y arrangem5ts1 ! fir/ ( :i* is fre$om ( access to quick-ref]5ce mat]ial4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aea4--,! ,mit*ell ,libr>y1 ,glasg[4 ,a rec5t l>ge ref]5ce libr>y1 ) a great c5tral read+-room1 & sev]al special dep>tm5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeb4--,plan ( ,isl+ton ,ref]5ce ,libr>y4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ! libr>y build+ x is ess5tial t ! mo/ quiet "p ( ! build+ :i* is accessible to ! public %\ld be devot$ to ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t4 ,x %\ld be a room :i* 9 its design & proportions is dignifi$1 & produces by ^! ?+s & its furni%+ & decorations an atmosph]e conducive to m5tal tranquillity & /udy4 ,x is impossible to def9e su* an atmosph]e1 b x exi/s 9 all really successful ref]5ce libr>ies1 & ^! may be /udi$ at mo/ ( our great cities & t[ns1 z at ,bri/ol1 ,birm+ham1 ,liv]pool1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & else:]e4 ,! decorations1 = example1 if !re are any beyond ! m]ely ar*itectural1 su* z pa9t$ ceil+s1 walls1 etc41 %\ld inde$ be arti/ic1 b are appropriate only :5 !y are re/ra9$1 inobtrusive1 & d n div]t read]s f ! ma9 purpose ( ! room or enc\rage visitors to come m]ely to />e at !m4 ,"s ref]5ce libr>ies1 built on ecclesia/ical models1 h /a9$-glass w9d[s :i* are beautiful features1 b ! same pr9ciples apply 9 ?is =m ( decoration4 #djh4 ,furniture4--,! libr>y furniture mu/ dep5d ^u ! size1 %ape & light+ ( ! room1 b ! alcove sy/em1 z x exi/s at ! ,bodleian & simil> old] libr>ies1 has nev] be5 surpass$ f ! po9t ( view ( /udy1 al?\gh x is possibly n s good z ! rotunda ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 or t ( ! ,libr>y ( ,congress1 & ! ,picton ,read+ ,room at ,liv]pool1 = m]ely ref]5ce purposes4 ,aga91 ! alcove sy/em occupies m space ?an "o 9 :i* ! cases are fix$ aga9/ ! walls & arrang$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! room to secure ! maximum ( %elf accommodation4 ,z reg>ds tables & seat+ accommodation ! old] ref]5ce dep>tm5ts 9 municipal libr>ies has usually be5 defective 9 t !y m]ely all[$ seats at long tables1 ) ab\t tw5ty-f\r in*es ( sitt+ space & a half ( a two- or ?ree-foot table 9 front1 (t5 ) provision1 equally scant1 = a read] to sit opposite4 ,! ref]5ce read] requires n only isolation1 to a consid]able ext5t1 z is provid$ at ! ,briti% ,museum1 b pl5ty ( space 9 :i* to spread out 8 books & pap]s4 ,moreov]1 no?+ is m disconc]t+ & uncom=table to a read] ?an ! unpleasant proximity ( o!r p1 & no /ud5t or read] :o makes extracts1 or has to wre/le ) ob/9ate facts 9 hi/ory1 sci5ce or philology1 c d s if he is environ$ by o!rs simil>ly or o!rwise engag$1 at v close qu>t]s4 ,?is is recogniz$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & simil> libr>ies1 :]e ea* read] has :at is virtually a desk to himself s con/ruct$ z to secure ! maximum ( privacy4 ,! provision ( small1 self-conta9$ sep>ate tables z describ$ 9 ,section #afa is probably ! be/ t c be made4 ,^! n only give pl5ty ( space at ! top1 b also provide a def9ite am\nt ( space = books1 etc41 "u ! tables !mselves4 ,= ! consultation ( elephant folios & simil> v l>ge books ! special slope outl9$ 9 ,fig4 #cc & describ$ 9 ,section #aec is a reasonable & necess>y provision4 ,"o or two l>ge flat tables = use 9 special cases are also to be desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aec4--,! ,isl+ton ,ref]5ce ,libr>y4 ,note ! special tables4 #dji4 ,access4--,= successful ref]5ce "w a c]ta9 measure ( op5 access is ess5tial1 & is all[$ by mo/ libr>ies :i* o!rwise are arrang$ on ! clos$ sy/em4 ,! ,briti% ,museum1 ,birm+ham & o!r l>ge ref]5ce libr>ies all[ read]s free *oice f a select$ assortm5t ( books1 numb]+ f a few to #bj1jjj or m volumes1 ( quick-ref]5ce "*1 includ+ atlases1 gazette]s1 diction>ies1 directories1 encyclopdias1 codes1 etc41 :i* answ] ev]yday que/ions & :i* are want$ )\t delay4 ,^!1 9 !mselves1 =m a fairly consid]able ref]5ce libr>y1 & t fact %\ld be recogniz$ :5 ! "q ( access is "u consid]ation4 ,o!r libr>ies all[ fre$om ( access to ne>ly ! :ole collection2 b none all[s x to ! :ole4 ,!re are 9 _m libr>ies unique books1 records1 & o!r works to :i* access is wisely limit$1 9 ! int]e/ ( _! pres]vation z records & f o!r po9ts ( view4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 =m an inf9itesimal "p ( ! /ock ( av]age municipal collections4 ,all x is wi%$ to emphasize "h is t op5 access )\t any =mality :atev] %\ld be all[$ to ! obvi\s quick-ref]5ce works ( ! k9d enum]at$ above4 ,a mu*-occupi$ bus9ess man :o wants an address1 ! def9ition ( a ^w1 or a cable code is n likely to endure ! bo!r ( fill+ up application =ms pati5tly2 & to insi/ ^u x may mean ! loss ( ! patronage ( a valuable class ( ! community4 ,= ! g5]al "p ( ! ref]5ce libr>y :]e op5 access is 9 vogue admission is usually ga9$ by sign+ ! visitors' book4 ,su* sign+ has n def9ite safegu>d+ value1 b is to "s ext5t a moral *eck ^u w\ld-be default]s1 & is useful z a means ( regi/]+ ! numb] ( read]s4 ,! plans giv5 9 ,*apt] ,,vii4 give "s idea ( ! disposition ( ! ord9>y ref]5ce libr>y1 & no "o plan c be call$ ! be/4 ,all t c be affirm$ positively is t ample read+ space %\ld be all[$1 t good light1 natural & artificial1 & v5tilation1 ease ( adm9i/]+ ! /ock1 close classification & ! fulle/ catalogu+ possible %\ld be aim$ at4 ,! commone/ error1 z we h h9t$1 is cr[d+ & insuffici5cy ( seat+ accommodation4 ,a well-adm9i/]$ ref]5ce libr>y creates its own read+ public1 & accommodation :i* may be ample at ! op5+ ( ! libr>y (t5 proves 9 a few ye>s to be inadequate4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,c>eville ,,public ,,libr>y4 ,,ref]5ce ,,dep>tm5t4 ,no ,book mu/ on any acc\nt be remov$ f ?is room1 or transf]r$ to o!r read]s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,book ,no4 ,au?or & ,title ( ,book4 ,initial ( ,assi/ant4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,"n ( ,applicant444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444 ,address44444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444 ,date44444444444444444444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------ ,,fig4 #aed4--,ref]5ce ,libr>y ,application ,=m 7,section #dji74 ,:]e access to %elves is n all[$1 & application =ms are us$1 x is cu/om>y to supply blanks simil> to t %[n 9 ,fig4 #aed1 on :i* p>ticul>s ( ! book want$ are ent]$4 ,9 "s libr>ies ^! slips are plac$ on ! %elves 9 ! place ( ! books issu$1 & rema9 !re till ! books are replac$4 ,to asc]ta9 t no books are miss+ an assi/ant exam9es ! %elves e morn+1 & notes any slips /ill rema9+ :i* repres5t books issu$ on ! previ\s day4 ,to facilitate ?is op]ation a diff]5tly col\r$ slip may be us$ on alt]nate days--:ite to-day1 blue to-morr[--s t on a :ite day ! pres5ce ( a blue slip w in/antly draw att5tion to a misplacem5t or a miss+ book4 ,9 o!r libr>ies ! slips are fil$ ne> ! po9t ( issue1 & rema9 !re z a *eck aga9/ ! %elves & ! read]s until ! books are return$4 ,"s libr>ies return ! slips to ! borr[]s z a receipt1 & compile _! /ati/ics f ! books2 o!rs reta9 ! slips & make up _! /ati/ics f !m4 ,"s libr>ies also ins]t an issue label 9 ! inside front ( ea* book1 :i* is /amp$ e "t ! book is issu$1 & ?us a record is made ( a book's popul>ity or o!rwise1 :i* %\ld prove useful :5 disc>d+ has to be consid]$4 ,application =ms1 or = t matt] signatures 9 visitors' books1 are no protection aga9/ !fts ( books4 ,read]s h simply to give a false "n & address1 & walk (f ) any book !y please1 if !y int5d !ft4 #daj4 ,x is ! common practice 9 op5 access ref]5ce libr>ies to h notices display$ ( ?is nature3 -------------------------------- ,read]s are reque/$ n to return books to ! %elves :5 !y h done ) !m1 b to close !m & leave !m on ! table4 -------------------------------- ,or1 !y may be requir$ to return !m to ! assi/ant2 9 any case x is bett] = read]s n to return !m to ! %elves p]sonally4 ,ei!r ( ! me?ods recomm5d$ enables ! /aff to make records ( ! use ( books4 ,! consultations c be ent]$ up 9 a r\gh-rul$ & classifi$ book kept = ! purpose1 & ! /aff c replace ! books at once4 ,x w be recogniz$ t complete /ati/ics are practically impossible 9 op5 access dep>tm5ts1 because only books s left on ! tables or tak5 to ! tables c be c\nt$2 b mu* valuable "w is done by read]s 9 ! %ape ( rapid consultations at ! %elves ) imm$iate replac+ ( ! volumes consult$4 ,:atev] may be 8 g5]al me?od1 ! wise libr>ian w nev] limit a read] to "o or any numb] ( books at a "t4 ,sometimes a doz5--we h kn[n fifty--books are requir$ to settle a comp>atively small po9t4 ,!y are =?com+ 9 a good ref]5ce libr>y4 ,/ud5ts ( recogniz$ regul>ity may ev5 be releas$ f ov]mu* =m-fill+2 fifty =ms = ! fifty books we h nam$ w\ld be an int]m9able dem&4 #daa4 ,! ,/ock4--,! build+-up ( a ref]5ce /ock dem&s ! highe/ skill & prevision 9 ! libr>ian4 ,! purpose :i* x is int5d$ to s]ve mu/ be cle>ly be=e 8 eyes1 & ?is may1 & does1 diff] ) diff]+ places4 ,a libr>y 9 a di/9ctly comm]cial & indu/rial area faces ne$s obvi\sly diff]5t f "o 9 a purely resid5tial area4 ,b 9 all libr>ies e k9d ( diction>y & encyclopdia1 g5]al & special1 philological1 te*nical1 sci5tific & hi/orical1 is a prime requisite4 ,on ^! ! /ock w be balanc$ ) a view to procur+ ! be/ & late/ /atem5t ( k 9 e field4 ,?is end ! too-(t5 neglect$ bibliographical collection subs]ves4 ,e g5]al & special bibliography f ! ,briti% ,museum catalogue to ! small select catalogues issu$ by local libr>ies1 e index1 e special catalogue1 inde$ e catalogue )9 reason ( o!r libr>ies :i* a libr>ian c procure1 is a necess>y tool 9 build+ up ! collection & 9 track+ in=mation :5 x is complete4 ,!re h be5 _m select bibliographies1 b !re is /ill room = _m m4 ,! av]age bibliography ( a subject is n select$2 x aims at complet5ess1 & seems to assume t its us]s are p :o want to sp5d a lifetime on ! subject4 ,!re are su*1 no d\bt1 b to ! av]age read] x pres5ts a =midable if n p>alys+ array ( entries4 ,:at is ne$$1 bo? f exp]ts & f libr>ies1 is a s]ies ( v brief li/s :i* conta9 only ! be/ books giv5 9 ord] ( _! value1 compreh5siv5ess1 hi/orical "*1 & s on4 ,k ( bibliographies & ! me?ods ( us+ !m is ! *ief "p ( ! equipm5t ( ! ref]5ce libr>ian4 ,9 ?is "w !re are two ideals1 z 0 %[n :5 ! g5]al "q ( book selection 0 "u consid]ation3 "o ! museum ideal1 9 :i* e k9d ( book ( e age is collect$2 ! o!r :i* limits ! /ock to books ( prov$ or probable utility to ! population s]v$4 ,! =m] is ! bus9ess ( ! national libr>ies & ^? ( ! great c5tres ( population1 su* z ,glasg[1 ,birm+ham1 ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 ,newca/le1 ,nott+ham1 etc41 & to a c]ta9 ext5t ^? :i* are at great di/ance f su* l>ge c5tres2 & special libr>ies )9 _! own fields %\ld be exhau/ive4 ,b ?is ideal is n = o!r libr>ies1 except 9 s f> z x applies to ! local collection2 t %\ld conta9 ev]y?+ ( :atev] value4 ,o!rwise ! live book is :at is want$4 ,! ord9>y ref]5ce libr>y %\ld !re=e be revis$ p]iodically1 obsolete & dead /ock %\ld be disc>d$1 & no book %\ld be includ$ because x does n appeal to l5d+ libr>y read]s or has be5 receiv$ z a gift = :i* !re seems to be no o!r depository--^! are emphatically books to be exclud$4 ,) ^! g5]al provisions a brief survey ( ! pr9cipal requirem5ts ( ! /ock may h its uses4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aee4--,! ,picton ,read+ ,room1 ! ,c5tral ,ref]5ce ,libr>y ( ,liv]pool4 ,i4 ,quick-ref]5ce works ( e type4 ,,ii4 ,bibliographies1 g5]al & select1 & catalogues ( e type4 ,,iii4 ,! be/ editions ( ! classic au?ors 9 e language4 ,,iv4 ,! mo/ compreh5sive comp5diums & treatises on e subject4 ,v4 ,all mat]ial on ! pr$om9at+ local indu/ry4 ,,vi4 ,all books1 pamphlets1 & all o!r lit]>y1 pictorial & graphic matt] relat+ to ! locality4 ,?is w be dealt ) m fully 9 consid]+ ! ,local ,collection4 ,,vii4 ,p]man5t files ( at lea/ ,! ,times1 & all local newspap]s2 & tempor>y files ( o!r newspap]s mo/ 9 dem&4 ,,viii4 ,sets ( p]iodicals1 z index$ 9 ! ,libr>y ,association ,index ( ,p]iodicals4 ,?is is a r l>ge bus9ess1 & %\ld be attempt$ only by libr>ies t c af=d ! co/4 ,o!rs %\ld elect to keep only ^? ( su* "* z to add p]man5tly to ! book-/r5g? ( ! libr>y1 & to use ! ,p]iodicals ,loan ,libr>y1 :i* is work$ 9 conjunction ) ! ,index ( ,p]iodicals1 = o!r p]iodical mat]ial4 ,all p]iodical indexes1 :e!r g5]al1 z ,poole's1 ,! ,review ( ,reviews1 ,! ,a!num1 & ,! ,wilson ,company's1 or p>ticul>1 z ,! ,times1 ! indexes to ,! ,qu>t]ly1 ,! ,ed9burgh1 etc4 ,! value ( ^! 9 l>ge libr>ies is obvi\s2 x is n always s cle>ly recogniz$ t !y h ev5 a great] value = small] libr>ies z clues to accessible mat]ial :i* may n be 9 _! /ocks4 ,9 any case ! ,libr>y ,association index %\ld be tak54 ,,ix4 ,! publications ( ! major le>n$ & sci5tific societies1 z ! ,royal ,society1 ! ,royal ,geographical1 ! ,hi/orical & simil> societies4 ,^! pres5t k well 9 advance ( t conta9$ 9 books z a rule4 ,x4 ,clipp+s f newspap]s & p]iodicals :i* h def9ite facts1 9 addition to ^? conta9$ 9 books1 & on curr5t happ5+s ( mom5t1 matt]s ( 8useful0 "* 7! day to day *anges 9 ration+ rules1 etc41 dur+ ! w> are a case 9 po9t7 & simil> mat]ial hav+ an imm$iate1 & real1 if transi5t value4 ,,xi4 ,gov]nm5t publications1 :i* 9 mo/ libr>ies may be select$ aft] a brief int]val4 ,_m ( ! reports ( commissions1 surveys1 etc41 h a high p]man5t value4 ,?is conspectus is n necess>ily complete1 nor is all ! mat]ial nam$ ( equal value or equally 9 dem&2 b e libr>ian %\ld review ^! head+s 9 relation to 8 ref]5ce dep>tm5t4 ,to place rigid limits ^u ! /ock is absurd1 see+ t utility & n ma!matical or o!r precision is ! object ( ! "w4 ,if1 !re=e1 a libr>ian f9ds "s o!r special field ( mat]ial is dem&$ he %\ld add x )\t hesitation if he is conv9c$ t ! dem& is n frivol\s or v re/rict$4 ,= example1 to add an exp5sive & recondite 7say7 ar*ological treatise 9 ,mod]n ,greek at ! behe/ ( "o read] is a case 9 :i* 8 decision might wisely be = refusal4 #dab4 ,classification4--,9 its classification ! ref]5ce libr>y pres5ts m physical problems ?an ! l5d+ libr>y4 ,! mo/ m9ute classification is ! be/ und\bt$ly1 & ?is %\ld be us$2 b ! size problem is a real "o4 ,:ile ! great] numb] ( ref]5ce books are ( octavo size1 qu>tos1 folios1 & ev5 l>g] books are _m4 ,!y _c /& toge!r 9 class sequ5ce )\t an impossible loss ( space4 ,! simple/ me?od is to h ?ree sequ5ces1 = octavos1 qu>tos & folios respectively1 9 appropriately siz$ %elves1 9 ?ree diff]5t p>ts ( ! room4 ,b ?is means v>i\s j\rneys across ! room :5 all ! books on a subject are requir$4 ,! di/ance is abbreviat$ if ! octavos1 qu>tos & folios foll[ "o ano!r 9 ea* class4 ,a ?ird me?od :i* has prov$ mo/ successful is to divide e ti] 7:i* is presum$ to h adju/able %elves7 into ?ree p>ts & to run ?ree p>allel sequ5ces 9 ea*1 ! octavos occupy+ ! top "p1 ! qu>tos ! middle1 & ! folios ! bottom4 ,! p>allel c be only approximate1 b x is suffici5tly close = ! read] or ! /aff to review any subject completely & readily4 ,) any ( ^! me?ods brok5 ord] may be resort$ to if x is ?\ght well4 ,! arrang+ ( all quick-ref]5ce books 9 a sep>ate complete sequ5ce ne>e/ ! entrance or ! place ( s]vice is a case 9 po9t2 & special sep>ate classifications may well be giv5 to p]iodicals1 to local lit]ature1 to ! pr$om9at+ indu/ry1 & s on )\t limit4 ,aga91 conv5i5ce is ! supreme law4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aef4--,! ,ma9 ,read+ ,room ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,m$ic9e1 a mod]n op5 access ref]5ce libr>y4 #dac4 ,catalogu+4--,! catalogue ( ! dep>tm5t %\ld aim at ! maximum ( fulness & be 9 z _m =ms z are necess>y to br+ out ! entire res\rces ( ! dep>tm5t2 !re %\ld be no retr5*m5t ( "t or lab\r 9 produc+ ! be/ "h1 z a small collection ( books adequately catalogu$ w give great] s]vice ?an a l>g] "o catalogu$ poorly4 ,x is n an unfair p>adox to say t ! small] 7)9 reason7 a ref]5ce libr>y is ! m detail$ %\ld be its catalogue4 ,?is be+ s1 :atev] k9d ( catalogue may publi% ! basal /ock1 ! g5]al curr5t ne$s ( ! libr>y c be kept suppli$ only by a c>d or slip catalogue ( unlimit$ expansibility4 ,! ref]5ce catalogue1 ev5 = books already 9 /ock1 c r>ely be complete1 & any fix$ =m ( pr9t$ catalogue1 unless x is supplem5t$ by a ,,ms4 catalogue1 w soon fail signally z a guide to ! collection4 ,z to ! catalogu+ =m1 exp]i5ce proves t a m]e au?or catalogue has a v limit$ value 9 ref]5ce "w4 ,x %\ld be provid$ 9 "s =m1 ( c\rse1 b = "o read] :o inquires = a book by its au?or1 a score require some?+ ab\t subjects1 usually specific subjects su* z ! ,horse1 ,v]dun1 ,viol9 /r+s1 ,election ,law1 ,ti!s1 ,date ( a ,battle1 ,arms ( ,sussex1 ,bir?place ( ,d\glas ,haig1 ,words ( a ,poem1 etc4 ,!re mu/ !re=e be "s =m ( subject catalogue1 & !re is mu* virtue 9 ! fully classifi$ c>d or %eaf catalogue1 ) au?or & subject indexes4 ,^!1 if c>ri$ out effici5tly & m9utely1 w d ! "w t is requir$4 ,by fulness ( entry we mean t titles %\ld be abbreviat$ z little z is possible )9 common-s5se limits2 t all bibliographical p>ticul>s1 numb] ( volumes1 size1 pag9ation1 date1 illu/rations1 maps1 diagrams1 gloss>ies1 indexes1 bibliographies & date & places ( publication 7except :5 ,london7 %\ld be indicat$4 ,moreov]1 annotations ( obscure books1 & indicat+ sequ5ces1 comm5t>ies1 miss+ p>ts1 & s on1 are ( special value "h4 ,add$ entries may1 & %\ld1 be c>ri$ z f> z ! catalogu+ res\rces ( ! libr>y all[1 all books ( composite "*1 miscellane\s works1 transactions1 _m p]iodicals1 etc41 be+ analys$ & display$ 9 ! catalogue "u _! class head+s4 ,x is also mo/ useful to collect 9 ! catalogue ref]5ces to bibliographies ( all k9ds conta9$ 9 works :i* are 9 ! l5d+ libr>y4 ,= examples1 ! ,home ,univ]sity ,libr>y & ! ,cambridge ,manuals ( ,sci5ce & ,lit]ature are n books to be f\nd 9 ! av]age ref]5ce libr>y1 b !y conta9 excell5t little select bibliographies :i* ! ref]5ce libr>ian w f9d useful1 & an entry ( ea* ( ^! %\ld be made4 ,e item :i* goes into ! libr>y %\ld be catalogu$1 pamphlets & exc]pts f o!r works1 h[ev] small1 includ$1 if x is int5d$ to pres]ve !m1 z well z maps4 ,photographs & pr9ts probably ne$ a sep>ate catalogue1 z c]ta9 consid]ations1 dealt ) lat] on1 ent] into _! catalogu+1 b 9 a c>d catalogue provision c be made = ne>ly e k9d ( mat]ial4 ,tempor>y mat]ial may be ent]$ on a col\r$ c>d1 :i* p]mits ( rapid revision ( ! entries4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aeg4--,read+ ,table1 ,*air1 & ,accessories1 ,royal ,society ( ,m$ic9e4 #dad4 ,pamphlets4--,pamphlets & magaz9e exc]pts =m a l>ge "p ( e ref]5ce libr>y & are (t5 difficult to deal ) effectively4 ,:5 n b\nd 9 volumes1 !y may be /it*$ 9 manila wrapp]s1 & /or$ 9 boxes ( v>i\s sizes1 su* z #hvo1 #dto1 etc41 ( ! k9d specifi$ 9 ,section #cjf4 ,ea* pamphlet %\ld be lett]$ on ! side ( its wrapp]1 ) its au?or1 title1 date1 class lett] & numb] & accession numb]4 ,! collection might be comm5c$ ) an #hvo box = ea* class1 & gradually ext5d$ f ?is nucleus z ! /ock increas$1 ! cont5ts ( boxes be+ divid$ & subdivid$1 & plac$ 9 new boxes ) *ang$ lett]+4 ,z ^! w\ld be arrang$ 9 class ord]1 !re w\ld be no m difficulty 9 f9d+ a s+le pamphlet ?an 9 f9d+ a book4 ,) miscellane\s collections ( pamphlets b\nd 9 volumes1 ! be/ plan is to r5umb] !m 9 a progressive s]ies1 & c>ry ! volume numb] aga9/ ! catalogue or o!r entry4 ,x is n advisable to run m ?an "o s]ies ( numb]s1 & if by *ance a collection is acquir$ :i* is already numb]$1 ^! %\ld be cov]$ ov] ) ! cont9uation numb]s ( ! libr>y's own progressive s]ies4 ,on ! :ole x is bett] n to b9d pamphlets1 p>tly ow+ to _! miscellane\s nature1 :i* prev5ts any real classification or ev5 approximate subject ord] 9 ! volumes compos$ ( !m1 p>tly because ( _! v tempor>y value z a rule & because ( ! impossibility ( ins]t+ new ones into b\nd volumes4 ,a /ud5t or discov]] frequ5tly advances 8 fir/ conclusions 9 a pamphlet1 & soon] or lat] ^! are sup]s$$ by books1 & _m pamphlets are m]ely /atem5ts ( views ^u political & o!r que/ions ( mu* imm$iate b usually q pass+ int]e/4 ,9 ! av]age libr>y !y become dead /ock 9 a few mon?s or ye>s4 ,pamphlet collections %\ld be we$$ out m frequ5tly ?an book collections4 #dae4 ,! v]tical file is ! mo/ adequate me?od ( deal+ ) cutt+s1 broadsides & simil> sep>ate matt]4 ,if ! fold]s are closely classifi$1 ! ord9>y pr9t$ index to ! classification s*eme us$ is a fairly good key2 b a slip index ( "s k9d w exhau/ ! file bett] & accel]ate ref]5ce4 ,if a brief index entry is made be=e ! cutt+ is dropp$ into its fold]1 9 "s su* =m z foll[s1 ! "w w n be unduly burd5some3 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,atlantic ,,flight4 ,u4,s4 ,seaplane1 ,,nc#d1 flies to ,lisbon4 ,d4 ,*ron41 #bh4e4ai-a4 #fbi4 ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,,fig4 #aeh4--;,clipp+s-index ,slip 7,section #dae74 #daf4 ,accessories4--,e means ( com=t & e reasonable aid to /udy %\ld be giv5 to read]s4 ,we h dealt ) read+ tables4 ,! *airs des]ve almo/ equal consid]ation4 ,!y %\ld be com=table2 an arm-*air is bett] ?an o!r =ms4 ,! view at "o "t express$ t seats )\t backs 9 "s way induc$ to m5tal al]tness 0 t ( "s /upid !ori/2 z a matt] ( fact ease ( body is ess5tial to ela/icity ( m9d4 ,*airs %\ld h rubb] tips or sil5t ca/ors to prev5t ! n]ve-rack+ scrit*+ :i* mov+ *airs too frequ5tly make1 b :5 metal ca/ors are us$ !y %\ld n be ( ! slipp]y v>iety t slides read]s unexpect$ly on to ! floor4 ,read+ /&s ) clips = hold+ books op5 %\ld be on e table1 or provid$ 9 suffici5t numb]s to meet all probable ne$s4 ,at c]ta9 tables ! use ( ink %\ld be p]mitt$1 & blott+ pads1 ink1 p5s1 etc41 %\ld be provid$4 ,trac+ may be p]mitt$ f mo/ illu/rat$ books1 pr9ts1 etc41 b z a protection a %eet ( xylonite %\ld be available & ! read] be requir$ to int]pose x betwe5 ! copy & 8 trac+ pap]4 ,%eets 9 sev]al sizes %\ld be kept = use ) books ( diff]5t sizes4 ,rul]s1 ,t squ>es1 a map measur]1 a read+ glass1 compasses1 etc41 may all reasonably =m "p ( ! equipm5t & be l5t on reque/4 ,scrap pap] = notes1 bo? at ! catalogues & at ! tables1 is ano!r reasonable provision1 z is a small /ock ( foolscap :i* read]s may pur*ase at co/ price4 ,"s libr>ies h ! rule t lett]s mu/ n be writt5 9 ! room1 & x has its uses1 z cases are n unkn[n :]e nomadic bus9ess m51 election ag5ts1 etc41 h monopoliz$ tables = h\rs or days = ! di/9ctly non-lit]>y & non-libr>y purpose ( address+ circul>s2 b ! writ+ ( occasional correspond5ce1 if x does n exclude o!r read]s f ! writ+ tables1 may safely be w9k$ at4 ,o!r libr>ies d n all[ ! read+ ( o!r books ?an ^? f ! %elves 9 ! dep>tm5t1 b ! absurdity ( su* a rule1 if c>ri$ to its logical conclusion1 is pat5t4 ,x may n be sup]flu\s to add t e ref]5ce libr>y %\ld be equipp$ ) a /& = hats1 coats & umbrellas1 b read]s may be w>n$ by notice t ! libr>y does n accept responsibility = _! safety4 ,all ! =ces ( ! libr>y /ock 9 all dep>tm5ts %\ld be at ! disposal ( ! ref]5ce read]2 ?us any book 9 ! l5d+ libr>ies1 except p]haps curr5t novels ( ! popul> k9d1 :i* may be on ! %elves1 %\ld be all[$ to be requisition$1 z also %\ld any newspap]1 p]iodical or o!r mat]ial 9 files :i* may n =m "p ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,a good plan 9 op5 access libr>ies is to give ! ref]5ce read] a pass admitt+ him to consult ! l5d+ libr>y catalogues or %elves1 b aft] he has select$ books f !m to h !m br\ght f ! l5d+ libr>y by ! /aff4 ,su* uses ( l5d+ libr>y books %\ld c\nt z ref]5ce consultations4 #dag4 ,! ,l5d+ ( ,ref]5ce ,books4--,:e!r or n ref]5ce libr>y books %\ld ev] be l5t away f ! build+ is a "q ^u :i* libr>ians are %>ply divid$4 ,x is argu$ t a ref]5ce libr>y is a place :]e a read] has a "r to expect e book 9 /ock to be available at all times1 & ?is is a reasonable !ory4 ,t read]1 h[ev]1 is a hypo!tical p]son z a rule1 & too rigid a policy ( refusal has "s disadvantages4 ,exp]i5ce tells e libr>ian :at books ought n to be l5t 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 if 9 any2 & ^! are quick-ref]5ce books ( all k9ds1 & any book ! loss ( or damage to :i* w\ld be irrep>able4 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 a real /ud5t really requires ! home use ( a ref]5ce book :i* is n 9 ev]yday dem&1 & ! libr>y w\ld suff] little & might ga9 mu* by l5d+ x4 ,if ! ord9>y loan p]iods are ?\ght to be inadmissible1 mu* c be said = l5d+ ov] week-ends or at h\rs :5 ! libr>y is inaccessible to read]s4 ,x is a "q :i* e libr>ian mu/ settle = himself4 ,9 "o successful ref]5ce libr>y :i* l5ds1 :5 a reasonable cause is %[n1 e book n exclud$ by ! exceptions j nam$1 & has done s = tw5ty ye>s )\t ! lea/ inconv5i5ce1 a =m ( application1 :i* is also a *>g+ =m1 is us$4 ,?is is a c>d #f in*es #e in*es1 :i* folds 9 ! middle & files z a /&>d-siz$ catalogue c>d 7#c in*es #e in*es73 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,purpose want$ = 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 4444 ,:y ,book _c be /udi$ 9 ,libr>y 4444444444444444444444444 7,d n write bel[ ?is l9e47 7,see inside47 ,all[$ to be return$ )9 444444444444 days4 7,sign$7 44444444444444444444 ,*ief ,libr>ian4 ,if application is n sign$ reque/ is disall[$1 9 :i* case explanation is enclos$4 ----------------------------7,fold47---- -------------------------- ,date 44444444444444 ,,application ,,= ,,borr[+ ,a ,,ref]5ce ,,book ,,= ,,home ,,read+4 ,see ,special ,notice inside be=e fill+ up4 ,"n 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 ,address 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444 ,occupation 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444 ,book ,requir$3 ,au?or 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,title 7brief7 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 ,class ,no4 444444444444444444444 ,"t requir$ 444444 7,d n write bel[ ?is l9e47 7,see ov]47 ,issu$ 44444444444 by 444444444 ,rtd4 4444444 by 444444444 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,fig4 #aei4--;,application = ,loan ( ,ref]5ce ,book 7,section #dag74 ,"o side ( x is word$ z %[n above1 & ! o!r side1 to :i* ! att5tion ( ! applicant is specially direct$1 is word$ z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,special ,,notice4 ,z e book remov$ f ! ,ref]5ce %elves may mean incon- v5i5ce & disappo9tm5t to "s o!r read]1 a reasonable case mu/ be made out = p]mitt+ x to be tak5 away4 ,su* a vague indication z 8read+0 is n suffici5t4 ,quick- ref]5ce books1 su* z encyclopdias & diction>ies1 v exp5sive or r>e books1 & books 9 con/ant dem&1 w n be issu$ "u ?is regulation4 ,! applicant mu/ be a resid5t 9 ! ,bor\gh1 & if n ( "s /&+ or suffici5tly kn[n to ! ,libr>ian or 8 ,/aff1 %\ld be prep>$ ) "s recomm5dation f a cl]gy- man1 head tea*]1 or o!r p]son ( /&+ 9 ! ,bor\gh4 ,%\ld ! application be grant$1 failure to return ! book )9 ! "t all[$ may entail ! refusal ( all fur!r applications4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,fig4 #afj4--;,application = ,loan ( ,ref]5ce ,book 7back7 7,section #dag74 ,:5 ! applicant is unkn[n to ! /aff & ! conditions requir$ 9 ! la/ p>agraph on ! =m are n fulfill$1 a sep>ate slip is h&$ to ! applicant1 :i* reads z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,re ,,application ,,= ,,borr[+ ,a ,,ref]5ce ,,book ,,= ,,home ,,read+4 ,! ,libr>ian regrets t he is unable to acc$e to ! accompany+ reque/ )\t a sign$ recomm5dation f a cl]gyman1 head tea*]1 or o!r p]son ( /&+ 9 ! ,bor\gh4 ,e facility1 h[ev]1 w be accord$ = consult+ ! book 9 ! build+4 ,! ,ref]5ce ,libr>y is op5 ea* week day f #i4cj ,a4,m4 to #i ,p4,m4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,fig4 #afa4--,refusal ,=m3 ,loan ( ,ref]5ce ,book 7,section #dag74 ,:5 ! book is unsuitable = l5d+ purposes ano!r slip is us$3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,re ,,application ,,= ,,borr[+ ,a ,,ref]5ce ,,book ,,= ,,home ,,read+4 ,! ,libr>ian regrets t he is unable to acc$e to ! accompany+ reque/1 z ! book appli$ =-- a quick-ref]5ce book2 v exp5sive2 is r>e2 9 con/ant dem&4 ,e facility w be accord$ = consult+ ! book 9 ! build+4 ,! ,ref]5ce ,libr>y is op5 ea* week day f #i4cj ,a4,m4 to #i ,p4,m4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,fig4 #afb4--;,=m %[+ ,reason = ,refusal 7,section #dag74 ,! application =ms1 :5 complet$ & all[$1 are fil$ alphabetically "u ! "n ( ! borr[]4 ,!re are s few ( !m 7probably a doz5 weekly7 t any o!r =m ( *>g+ has be5 f\nd to be unnecess>y4 ,! assi/ant conc]n$ 9 ! "w exam9es ! file weekly1 & books ov]due are writt5 = imm$iately4 ,borr[]s guilty ( reta9+ ref]5ce books beyond ! all[$ "t are d5i$ ! privilege ( borr[+ !reaft]4 #dah4 ,/aff4--,x is fair to say t !re are too few ref]5ce libr>ians 9 ?is c\ntry2 t is to say1 p]sons :o1 9 addition to ord9>y s*ol>%ip & libr>y te*nique1 h tra9$ specially 9 bibliography1 ! draw+ out ( read]s & in=mation-hunt+4 ,p]haps z a result ( ! libr>y s*ools n[ 9 c\rse ( organization a race ( su* useful libr>ians w arise4 ,! /aff+ ( ! ref]5ce libr>y is p]haps ! greate/ difficulty a libr>ian has to ov]come4 ,9 ! l>g] libr>ies ! dep>tm5t is 9 ! control ( exp]ts1 or at any rate ( ! mo/ effici5t work]s on ! /aff1 b 9 small] t[ns x falls to ! keep+ ( an assi/ant1 (t5 a diff]5t p]son e day or ev5 %ift1 :o c be sp>$ f ! g5]al /aff2 inde$1 9 "s libr>ies ref]5ce "w is s small t ?is is all t c be af=d$4 ,9 su* circum/ances ! be/ "w is out ( ! "q4 ,! ref]5ce read] dem&s skill$ att5tion4 ,libr>ies cat]+ = a le>n$ or special cli5tele h _! own special problems2 b ! ord9>y civic libr>y has1 9 addition to numb]s ( su* cli5ts1 ! av]age man & woman to deal ) :o are n only unskill$ 9 ! use ( books1 b h also "s difficulty 9 mak+ kn[n _! actual ne$s4 ,x is obvi\sly beyond ! p[] ( a boy or girl assi/ant to draw out ( ^! read]s ! exact nature ( _! difficulties2 t is a task requir+ address1 sympa?y & tact1 :i* exp]i5ce alone gives4 ,9 small libr>ies ! libr>ian himself may consid] x a privilege to "w at busy times 9 ?is dep>tm5t2 x w be well wor? 8 :ile4 ,! qualifications a ref]5ce libr>ian %\ld aim to possess are a complete libr>y te*nique1 an intimate k ( ! s\rces ( in=mation & ( 8 /ock1 & a c]ta9 mission>y _s :i* loves k = its own sake4 ,9 addition he mu/ h sympa?y ) all classes ( inquir]s & be able to suff] fools gladly4 ,on ! te*nical side he w f9d 9 c]ta9 little books a good elem5t>y gr\nd+2 among !m is ,hopk9s's ,ref]5ce ,guides1 ,kroeg]'s ,guide to ,ref]5ce ,books1 & s on4 ,all juniors 9 a ref]5ce dep>tm5t %\ld g ?r\gh a c\rse bas$ ^u ^!1 & c\rses 9 practical book-selection & bibliography4 ,no "q %\ld be reg>d$ z trivial2 x is no "p ( ! libr>ian's duty to assess ! value ( any in=mation ask$2 & pati5ce ev5 beyond :at may seem reasonable limits is an ev]yday requirem5t4 ,= example1 ! "q once ask$1 8,on :i* side ( ,cromwell's nose 0 !re a w>t80 seem$ frivol\s en\gh1 & x involv$ ! consult+ ( doz5s ( books2 b x prov$ to be want$ = ! id5tification ( :at is believ$ to be a unique dea? mask4 #dai4 ,records4--,all in=mation ! s\rces ( :i* 7 n obvi\s %\ld be record$ on c>ds1 toge!r ) ! s\rces f :i* x 0 giv51 9 ord] t simil> se>* may n be necess>y :5 x is requir$ aga94 ,c>bon copies ( all special li/s ( books compil$ %\ld be fil$ = future use4 ,failures ( ! libr>y are mo/ important z %[+ defici5cies 9 ! collection1 & que/ions :i* c\ld n be answ]$ %\ld always be record$4 ,:5 a ref]5ce libr>y _c supply in=mation f its own res\rces1 x %\ld endeav\r to f9d :at neighb\r+ libr>y c supply x1 & ei!r direct ! inquir] !re1 or1 bett]1 borr[ ! book requir$4 ,mutual co-op]ation ( ?is k9d betwe5 libr>ies is easy to arrange1 & few libr>ians d n recognize its value4 ,x %\ld always be borne 9 m9d t to turn a read] away empty is a loss ( pre/ige to ! libr>y1 :ile a read] well s]v$ & satisfi$ is a pot5tial fri5d & probable patron aft]w>ds4 #dbj4 ,special ,libr>y ,collections4--,9 ! av]age t[n x %\ld be ! endeav\r to conc5trate all ! special libr>ies ( in/itutions & societies 9 ! ref]5ce libr>y4 ,x is obvi\sly an uneconomy = special collections to be lock$ up = ! great] "p ( ! week 9 ! private rooms ( in/itutions & societies :5 !y may be made available all day & e day to ! memb]s ( ^! societies & to ! g5]al public 9 ! municipal ref]5ce libr>y4 ,^! bodies may (t5 be induc$ to deposit _! collection if "s simple arrangem5t is made by :i* books may be l5t z requir$ to _! memb]s & may be available to ev]ybody = ref]5ce purpose :5 n s l5t out4 ,by ?is means a useful re9=cem5t ( ! /ock is made at ! exp5se ( %elf-room & adm9i/ration only4 ,x is usual to catalogue su* collections exactly z o!r p>ts ( ! /ock1 b to add "s individualiz+ symbol to ! class-m>k to %[ its own]%ip4 #dba4 ,in=mation ,bureaux4--,among ! _m possibilities ( ! dep>tm5t we %all conf9e ourselves 9 ?is *apt] to its use z an in=mation bureau1 leav+ su* important consid]ations z ! ,local ,collection1 & its auxili>ies ,regional & ,photographic ,surveys1 & ,comm]cial ,libr>ies = treatm5t 9 sep>ate *apt]s4 ,! in=mation desk or bureau is ! "n giv5 to ! dep>tm5t ( ! "w :i* lays itself out to answ] inquiries = bus9ess & o!r p4 ,x is prim>ily quick-ref]5ce "w & is done 9 proximity to ! quick-ref]5ce collection4 ,b x goes fur!r 9 ! direction ( supply+ su* curr5t in=mation z ! pres5t population ( ! t[n1 its rates1 etc41 ! addresses ( burgesses1 ! late/ ,d]by w9n]1 ! cable code us$ by ?is or t firm1 ! plays available at ! !atres1 ! social or o!r ev5ts ( ?is1 next or la/ week1 & inde$ any useful or conv5i5t in=mation :atsoev]4 ,mu* ( ! mat]ial ne$$ is 9 ! quick-ref]5ce collection1 mu* mu/ be clipp$ f ! newspap]s1 & "s--z1 = example1 ! programmes ( local societies--mu/ be s\ght = at fir/-h&4 ,x may be object$ t ?is in=mation may1 to an ext5t1 be f\nd 9 newspap]s by ! inquir]s !mselves4 ,admitt$2 b !y h n always ! requir$ newspap] at h&1 & ! in=mation bureau is always !re4 ,briefly index$ v]tical files1 )9 h&-rea* ( a public telephone1 are ! means ( work+ su* bureaux4 ,! telephone is ess5tial to real success1 & inquiries by telephone %\ld be invit$4 ,:]e !re are comm]cial libr>ies 9 connexion ) ! libr>y sy/em1 mu* ( ?is "w may be done 9 !m1 b !re is1 z ! examples giv5 above %[1 a l>ge am\nt ( "w t c be done outside _! field2 & a ready & effici5t in=mation bureau is a real asset to any t[n4 #dbb4 ,indexes ( ,read]s4--,ano!r useful "w t 9 l>ge libr>ies may prop]ly be relegat$ to ! catalogu+ dep>tm5t may be conduct$ 9 small] ones by ! ref]5ce /aff4 ,?is is ! supply+ ( firms & individuals ) li/s ( books ( use 9 connexion ) _! indu/ry or /udy4 ,"s libr>ies supply su* p ) a small c>d catalogue ( ! :ole ( _! subject z x is repres5t$ 9 ! libr>ies1 & s5d c>ds regul>ly = entries ( additions4 ,o!r =ms ( catalogues c be us$1 ( c\rse1 = ?is purpose4 ,9 conjunction !re)1 & z a useful adjunct to o!r "w1 x is a good plan to make c>d entries ( ! special subjects affect$ by individual read]s "u ! names ( ! subjects1 & to advise ! read]s by po/-c>ds ( all additions made 9 ^? subjects4 #dbc4 ,,bibliography ,bodleian ,libr>y4 ,manual = ,read]s & ,visitors1 #aiab4 ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,libr>y ,prim]1 *apt]s xii4-xiii4 ,hopk9s1 ,f4 ,m4 ,ref]5ce ,guides t %\ld be ,kn[n1 #aiaf4 ,john ,ryl&s ,libr>y3 ,a ,hi/orical ,description ( ! ,libr>y & its ,cont5ts1 #aijf4 ,kais]1 ,j4 ,b4 ,law1 ,legislative & ,municipal ,ref]5ce ,libr>ies1 #aiad4 ,ko*1 ,t4 ,w4 ,libr>y ,assi/ant's ,manual1 #aiac4 ,kroeg]1 ,a4 ,b4 ,guide to ! ,/udy & ,use ( ,ref]5ce ,books4 ,ed4 by ,i4 ,g4 ,mudge1 #aiag4 ,libr>y ( ,congress4 ,manual4 ,9 ,report ( ! ,libr>ian1 #aija4 ,l[e1 ,j4 ,a4 ,books & ,libr>ies3 ,a ,manual ( ,in/ruction 9 _! ,use1 #aiaf4 ,m>cel1 ,h5ry1 & ,o!rs4 ,la ,biblio?que ,nationale1 #aijg4 ,new ,york ,/ate ,libr>y4 ,mat]ial = a ,c\rse 9 ,ref]5ce ,/udy1 #aijc4 ,p$die1 ,r4 ,a4 ,! ,briti% ,museum ,read+ ,room1 #aiab4 ,rawl+s1 ,g4 ,b4 ,! ,briti% ,museum ,libr>y1 #aiaf4 ,ri*>dson1 ,e4 ,c4 ,ref]5ce ,dep>tm5t4 ,a4,l4,a4 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ41 *apt] xxii41 #aiaa4 ,small1 ,h]b]t4 ,h&book ( ! ,new ,libr>y ( ,congress1 #aija4 ,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d41 & ,o!rs4 ,op5 ,access ,libr>ies1 #aiae1 *apt] ii4 ,w>d1 ,g4 ,o4 ,! ,practical ,use ( ,books & ,libr>ies1 #aiag1 #b vols4 ,wiswell1 ,l4 ,o4 ,h[ to ,use ,ref]5ce ,books1 #aiaf4 ,= articles see ,cannons3 ,e #gi-hc1 ,ref]5ce ,rules1 ,managem5t & ,policy1 etc42 ,d #g1 ,plann+2 ,l #ff1 ,books = ,ref]5ce ,libr>ies4 ,,*apt] ,,xxviii ,,local ,,collections #dbd4 ,g5]al4--,( ! dep>tm5ts ( ref]5ce1 o!r ?an ! g5]al work+ dep>tm5t1 prior consid]ation may be giv5 to ! ,local ,collection on ! gr\nd t e municipal public libr>y mu/ h a collection ( ?is k9d4 ,at any rate x %\ld h z complete a collection z possible ( mat]ial relat+ to its t[n4 ,c\nty collections are a mu* m s]i\s matt] & %\ld only be attempt$ by t[ns ( c\nty rank1 or ! t[n 9 ea* c\nty :]e ! majority ( ! population is4 ,!re is h>dly a c\nty 9 ,engl& :i* c support two c\nty collections1 because rival collections are mutually inimical1 & _! competition = c]ta9 items causes ! price ( ! latt] to increase absurdly4 ,! t[n is ano!r matt]4 ,! "o place :]e copies ( books1 pamphlets1 photographs1 etc41 relat+ to a t[n ought to be f\nd is its public libr>y2 & !re are sev]al pr9ciples1 w>n+s & sugge/ions t may be enunciat$ 9 connexion ) ! "w4 ,! relative value ( ! mat]ial to be collect$ is h>dly a matt] = ! libr>ian2 (t5 mo/ despis$ mat]ial has great value :5 br\ght into relation to o!r mat]ial4 ,! be/ g5]al pr9ciple is3 8,get ev]y?+ & leave its evaluation to po/]ity40 #dbe4 ,mat]ial collect$4--,prim>ily ! words local collection are co-ext5sive ) local bibliography4 ,?is la/ t]m1 h[ev]1 is too n>r[1 & ! broad head+s embrac$ by ! collection may be set out1 & !n consid]$ 9 detail4 ,^! are3 7a7 ,pr9t$ records4 7b7 ,writt5 records4 7c7 ,pictorial records4 7d7 ,engrav$ records4 ,all or mo/ ( ^! are f\nd 9 e local collection1 & _! /atem5t imm$iately raises ! "q3 ,c pictorial records1 al?\gh und\bt$ly a "p ( local hi/ory1 come into ! prov9ce ( ! libr>y8 ,are !y n r 9 t ( ! art gall]y8 ,simil>ly are n engrav$ records 7bronze co9s1 tok5s1 rubb+s ( monum5tal brasses & seals7 bett] plac$ 9 ! museum8 ,x may be urg$ t ! art gall]y is conc]n$ ) art1 ! museum ) sci5ce1 & ! libr>y 79 ?is connexion7 ) hi/ory4 ,pictures & engrav$ articles are n collect$ by ! libr>ian because ( _! arti/ic qualities--9 fact1 _m ( 8 mo/ *]i%$ possessions are arti/ic atrocities--b because !y are records4 ,on ?is argum5t a good case c be made = _! ret5tion 9 ! libr>y4 ,no d\bt1 :]e a t[n has ! ?ree in/itutions nam$1 & :]e ! local collect+ _s is at "w 9 ea*1 & is def9itely co-ord9at$1 x w\ld be wise & economical to sub-divide ! field2 b :]e !re is only ! libr>y1 !re c be only "o pr9ciple1 & t ! "o already emphasiz$--0get ev]y?+40 #dbf4 ,:5 we come to consid] ! pr9t$ records ( any locality1 we are surpris$ at _! ext5t4 ,^!1 aga91 c be set out 9 a brief tabul> =m3 ,a4 ,books ( ! locality4 #a4 ,by local au?ors4 #b4 ,locally pr9t$4 #c4 ,newspap]s & p]iodicals4 #d4 ,public mat]ial3 p>liam5t>y1 legal1 etc4 #e4 ,public mat]ial3 municipal4 #f4 ,trade mat]ial4 #g4 ,programmes3 !atre1 c9ema1 music hall1 conc]t hall1 etc4 #h4 ,po/]s4 ,b4 ,books on ! locality4 #a4 ,topography4 #b4 ,hi/ory4 #c4 ,biography4 #d4 ,public mat]ial3 p>liam5t>y1 legal1 etc4 #e4 ,novels1 poems1 & plays ) local sett+4 #f4 ,newspap] & p]iodical ref]5ces4 ,^! head+s cov] a wide area1 b ! pres5ce ( e =m ( mat]ial nam$ is desirable 9 ! local collection4 #dbg4 ,= ! purposes ( ! local collection an au?or may be def9$ z #a1 a writ] :o is born1 & educat$ 9 :ole or "p1 9 a t[n1 or ^: family is indig5\s 9 x2 #b1 resid5ts ( "s ye>s' /&+ or ^: works reflect ! locality2 #c1 au?ors ( utt]ances or writ+s made 91 or ^u1 or address$ to ! locality2 #d1 public m51 (ficials1 etc42 #e1 any m9i/]1 public speak]1 etc41 :o holds (fice or meet+s 9 ! t[n2 #f1 all local bodies1 public or private--! municipality1 *ur*es1 societies1 clubs1 etc42 & #g1 all local tradesm5--catalogues1 etc4 ,x is a prime duty ( e public libr>y to collect locally pr9t$ books2 ! lacun 9 our national bibliography h be5 lam5table 9 ! pa/ 9 reg>d to locally & privately pr9t$ books1 ow+ to ! lack ( su* collect+1 & !y are n likely to decrease if ?is duty is n vigor\sly und]tak5 by ! libr>ian ( to-day4 ,! se>* mu/ be specially eag] = ! privately issu$ volume1 b h[ev] limit$ ! au?or int5ds 8 circulation to be1 he is usually q p]suadable z f> z a copy = ! local collection goes4 ,local newspap]s1 x is obvi\s1 are mat]ial ( c>d9al value4 ,e "o ( !m mu/ be collect$1 b\nd1 & to "s ext5t index$4 ,& simil> if some:at less] value atta*es to e p]iodical :atsoev]--be x ! issue ( a sect1 s*ool1 in/itution1 trad]1 p>ty1 club1 or any o!r body--publi%$ 9 ! t[n4 ,x is a curi\s fact t few libr>ies possess1 = in/ance1 sets ( ! v>i\s *ur* magaz9es4 ,^! are1 usually1 ( c\rse1 made up ( a ,london-publi%$ religi\s p]iodical inset 9 %eets deal+ ) ! p>ticul> *ur* t di/ributes !m4 ,! inset may be disc>d$1 b ! local "p %\ld c]ta9ly be collect$ f e su* p]iodical issu$ locally4 ,few records are m important ?an ?is4 ,! local collection mu/ c]ta9ly include all local acts1 bye-laws1 ord]s 9 ,c\ncil t h a local be>+4 ,x is rem>kable h[ _m ( ^! !re are = ev5 suppos$ly insignificant areas4 ,novels & o!r imag9ative lit]ature1 :i* h a local sett+1 come cle>ly into ! collection4 ,x is a curi\s fact t ! mod]n novel ( ?is "* is frequ5tly miss$4 ,x seems all ! m important to collect x :5 we "k t ! av]age 8sell+ life0 ( a six-%ill+ novel is ab\t six weeks1 & its public life q (t5 n mu* long]4 ,only ! local libr>y c--or ought--to save mu* ( ?is fiction & imag9ative writ+4 ,ref]5ces to ! di/rict 9 outside newspap]s & p]iodicals %\ld always be kept4 ,ev5 :5 !y are f\nd$ on ! mat]ial 9 ! local newspap]s !y are usually col\r$ by ! outside view1 or are 9 bett] p]spective ?an ! local writ] c br+ to be> ^u :atev] is "u discussion4 #dbh4 ,! basic records ( a t[n1 &1 !re=e1 f ! po9t ( view ( ! local collection1 its mo/ important1 are its writt5 ones2 & 9 ^!1 g5]ally speak+1 libr>ies are mo/ defici5t1 = ! obvi\s reason t ! ord9>y municipal libr>y is a newcom]1 & t 9 mod]n days ! pr9t$ record has l>gely sup]s$$ ! writt5 "o4 ,n altoge!r1 h[ev]1 z we %all see4 ,writt5 records are almo/ ( z _m types z are ! pr9t$--!re are p>liam5t>y1 municipal1 p>o*ial1 private bus9ess & p]sonal manuscripts1 ( :i* e libr>ian %\ld /rive to obta9 possession4 ,a copy ( ! ,domesday ,book = 8 area1 albeit impossible1 except by successful burgl>y ( ! ,public ,record ,(fice1 w\ld be a desirable beg9n+ to ! collection4 ,aft] t1 we may tabulate a li/ ( ! classes ( writt5 mat]ial :i* %\ld be s\ght3 #a4 ,p>o*ial ,records3 ,ti! ,regi/]s1 ,p>i% ,regi/]s1 ,rate ,books4 #b4 ,municipal ,records3 ,rate ,books1 ,assessm5t ,regi/]s1 ,m9ute ,books4 #c4 ,private bus9ess records3 ,leases1 ind5tures1 agreem5ts4 #d4 ,manuscripts1 autographs1 etc4 ,p>o*ial regi/]s ( all k9ds1 tax books1 etc41 7 until comp>atively rec5t ye>s kept 9 ! *>ge ( ! ,*ur*4 ,mod]n vic>s h1 z a rule1 little int]e/ 9 !m1 & are (t5 will+ to h& !m ov] to ! public libr>y4 ,su* books h an obvi\s value 9 resolv+ ! :]eab\ts1 rateable value & occupants ( v>i\s types ( prop]ty2 & v int]e/+ que/ions may be settl$ by _! means4 ,! actual p>i% regi/]s--( bir?s1 m>riages & dea?s--are ano!r matt]1 & ! orig9als _c1 we believe1 be transf]r$ to ! libr>y4 ,9 "s cases ! /affs ( libr>ies h obta9$ p]mission to transcribe ^! v]batim1 & h actually done s4#ad ,x is und\bt$ly a useful "w1 b sc>cely comes into ! prov9ce ( ! libr>ian z su*2 8 "w is to collect exi/+ mat]ial1 n to create mat]ial1 al?\gh !re are infrequ5t exceptions to ! rule4 ,9 g5]al we mu/ wait until "o ( ! publi%+ societies produces ^! regi/]s1 & 9 ! mean:ile ref] inquir]s to ! ,*ur*4 ,all we ne$ to emphasize "h is ! fact t = c5turies ! corporate life c5tr$ 9 ! ,*ur*1 & x is to ! ,*ur* t we mu/ look = our prim>y writt5 records4 #ad ,at ,wal?am/[ ?is 0 done by a memb] ( ! ,libr>ies /aff4 ,we rea* some:at sur] gr\nd :5 we endeav\r to collect municipal records4 ,! old] municipalities--,cov5try1 ,/rat=d-on-,avon1 etc4--h _h "s reg>d = _! records1 & h at lea/ pres]v$ !m4 ,mod]n municipalities pres]ve !m1 too--t is to say1 !oretically4 ,a visit to ! basem5t or attics ( ! av]age municipal build+ is1 h[ev]1 a woeful exp]i5ce = ! collector4 ,usually1 9 cob-webb$ *aos1 he w f9d ! records t 9 a c5tury 7or mu* less7 w h immeasurable int]e/ = ! /ud5t ( local affairs4 ,!re are writt5 m9utes z di/9ct f pr9t$ ones ( municipal committees1 rate1 assessm5t1 receipt1 wages1 "w1 & num]\s o!r books to be f\nd 9 ! confusion4 ,x is n always easy to p]suade ! p conc]n$ to h& ov] ^! books1 & inde$ ! m rec5t ( !m probably ought n to be h&$ ov]2 b a little p]suasive tact has 9 m ?an "o case secur$ ! "r ( ! libr>ian to take *>ge ( & to classify & catalogue !m4 ,sometimes limitations are plac$ ^u _! use 7= example1 books ( ! la/ t5 ye>s may n be expos$ to g5]al consultation71 b 9 any case !y ought to be secur$ = ! collection if x is 9 any way possible4 ,! records1 x mu/ be m5tion$1 are volum9\s & bulky1 & if 9 addition to ! "r ( cu/ody ! municipality c be induc$ to provide a room = _! reception1 ! relief w g5]ally be a welcome "o4 ,9 "s ways ! mo/ attractive ( writt5 records1 ! mo/ human1 are ! private ones2 & ^! are also ! mo/ difficult to obta94 ,leases1 wills1 agreem5ts1 ind5tures1 & simil> de$s are naturally n /or$ sy/ematically any:]e 9 ! av]age t[n1 & !y mu/ be se>*$ out4 ,old inns are likely places1 z are old solicitors' (fices1 & auctions sometimes br+ !m to light4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 deal]s :o specialize 9 !m1 & mo/ desirable de$s h be5 obta9$ *eaply f ,london deal]s4 ,su* docum5ts ?r[ m light on ! *anges1 cu/oms1 & language ( a locality ?an d any ( ! m =mal records m5tion$ above4 ,local lit]>y manuscripts1 autographs1 manuscripts ( local au?ors1 lett]s1 & simil> writt5 docum5ts are s obvi\sly desirable t m ?an a m5tion ( !m is sup]flu\s2 b we want1 9 ?is connexion1 to urge t to-day w v quickly belong to ! pa/1 & t ! collection ( ^! ?+s f ! h&s ( liv+ m5 is to be desir$4 ,:5 a libr>ian receives a lett] f ! mayor1 a prom95t ald]man1 or simil> local celebrity1 he does n z a rule ?9k ( x z some?+ to be pres]v$ 9 ! local collection4 ,:y n8 #dbi4 ,pictorial & ,graphic ,mat]ial4--,9 rec5t ye>s libr>ians h giv5 sy/ematic att5tion to ! collection ( pictorial records1 al?\gh1 inde$1 !y h long be5 recogniz$ z a "p ( ! collector's prov9ce4 ,^! naturally divide into3 #a4 ,pa9t$ records4 #b4 ,pr9ts4 #c4 ,photographs4 #d4 ,maps4 7,we ?9k we c ext5d ! ^w 8pictorial0 to cov] maps47 ,! pres5ce ( pa9t$ records may be que/ion$1 b _! value z records is und\bt$1 see+ t !y give col\r1 atmosph]e1 & h o!r int]pretative values :i* are abs5t f ! m meticul\sly accurate photograph4 ,local pr9ts & photographs %\ld be collect$ )\t special reg>d to _! arti/ic value2 record is always ! motto ( ! collector1 n beauty1 h[ev] mu* we may desire x p]sonally4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 to secure photographs 9 a p]man5t process1 b x is bett] to h !m 9 ! m evanesc5t processes1 & to take special c>e ( !m1 ?an n to h !m at all4 ,all gas-light photographic pr9ts 7) a di/9ct pref]5ce = plat9otype1 bromide & velox pap]s 9 ?is desc5d+ ord]7 are practically p]man5t2 b ! f9e/ photographic pap] extant w n endure direct sunlight ev]la/+ly4 ,! "q ( ! treatm5t ( pr9ts & photographs g5]ally1 h[ev]1 des]ves sep>ate treatm5t1 & "h we are conc]n$ only ) :at %\ld be collect$4 ,! pictures1 !n1 mu/ repres5t di/9ctive ?+s1 int]pretative ( ! life ( ! di/rict4 ,pictures ( individual fl[]s1 :i* gr[ any:]e1 trees :i* are n peculi> to ! place1 8pretty bits0 :i* might be mat*$ 9 any place 9 ! k+dom1 are ( little or no value4 ,omitt+ ^! iness5tial ?+s1 practically ev]y?+ else f ! portrait ( ! ,memb] ( ,p>liam5t to t ( ! local amba comes )9 ! scope ( ! collection4 ,! *eape/ pr9t f ! *eape/ p]iodical ne$ n be despis$4 ,x may s]ve its turn4 #dcj4 ,special endeav\r %\ld be made to secure a complete set ( ! maps ( ! region cov]$4 ,9 spite ( ! conv5tionality & inaccuracy ( _m e>ly maps !y are our orig9al s\rce ( in=mation on _m po9ts vital to ! collection4 ,= "s c\nties ! maps h be5 s*$ul$ ) exempl>y ?or\ghness1 & by bas+ 8 collection on "o ( ^! s*$ules ! collector w be help$ greatly1 see+ t ! old c>tograph]s usually work$ on sev]al c\nties1 & ! map bibliography ( ,york%ire1 = example1 may be expect$ to furni% useful clues to ! maps ( ,k5t4 ,old gazette]s1 topographies1 hi/ories1 encyclopdias & p]iodicals ( g5]al scope (t5 conta9 maps1 & ! lea/ prepossess+ ( su* works %\ld be consult$ 9 ord] to obta9 !m4 #dca4 ,engrav$ records are few] ?an any previ\sly m5tion$4 ,!y include local seals1 cre/s1 co9s & tok5s1 & simil> articles4 ,tok5s1 x may n be g5]ally kn[n1 7 co9s1 usually hav+ ! values ( a f>?+1 a halfp5ny1 & a p5ny1 :i* local trad]s 7 p]mitt$ to issue to supply ! sc>city ( a small co9age f ! national treasury4 ,^! 7 issu$ ma9ly f ! sixte5? to ! eighte5? c5turies & g5]ally _h a local ex*ange value only1 al?\gh a numb] 7 accept$ 9 _m c\nties4 ,cle>ly ^! tok5s1 :i* (t5 c>ry ! trade m>ks1 signs1 etc41 ( ! trad] issu+ !m1 are a valuable & int]e/+ "p ( local mat]ial4 ,! ,cov5try ,public ,libr>ies possess :at we believe to be an unique collection ( tok5s relat+ to t city4 ,v>i\s local m$als %\ld also be s\ght4 #dcb4 ,s\rces ( ,supply4--,!re is some?+ trite & unorig9al 9 ! discussion ( ! me?ods ( obta9+ books = ! local collection1 b p]haps some?+ useful may em]ge f a recapitulation ( ! pr9cipal ones4 ,s f> z ! municipal libr>y is conc]n$1 ! common me?od mu/ be by pur*ase1 al?\gh mu* w be secur$ f private g5]osity :5 ! collection has become kn[n4 ,x is important1 9 our op9ion1 n to leave ! collection unm5tion$ 9 ! annual e/imates2 a def9ite appropriation %\ld be made = x1 ! am\nt ( :i* w ( c\rse dep5d ^u ! res\rces ( ! libr>y & ^u ! area cov]$4 ,we h f\nd at ,croydon1 :]e ! collection cov]s extra-metropolitan ,surrey1 t mu* may be done on an appropriation ( #ce a ye>4 ,?is ne$ n be sp5t entirely ^u ! collection1 nor %\ld ! collect+ be limit$ to ! pur*as+ p[] ( ?is sum1 b x seems to be v desirable to h money s e>-m>k$ 9 ord] t att5tion may be focuss$ ^u ! collection z an important "p ( ! activities ( ! libr>y4 ,x is also ess5tial1 if ! collection is to be successful1 t ! libr>ian %\ld h discretion>y p[] 9 ! sp5d+ ( ! appropriation4 ,local lit]ature disappe>s ) a rapidity t is sometimes a/oni%+1 & ke5 collectors on mak+ discov]ies 9 ! catalogues ( booksell]s & deal]s1 usually secure ! covet$ books by telephone or telegram4 ,! libr>y w\ld be a greatly h&icapp$ competitor if ! sanction ( ! libr>ies committee _h to be await$ be=e pur*ases c\ld be made4 ,9 "s t[ns ! discretion>y p[] is ve/$ 9 ! *airman1 & :]e he is imm$iately accessible to ! libr>ian !re are di/9ct advantages 9 ?is me?od1 especially if he is sympa!tic4 ,x is a good axiom = ! libr>ian to avoid responsibilities :i* c judici\sly be di/ribut$6 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( judici\s adv]tisem5t ( ! ne$s ( ! libr>y is desirable 9 ?is matt]4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 t a note to ! effect t local mat]ial is pur*as$ %\ld appe> 9 ,clegg's ,directory ( ,booksell]s1 & 9 o!r simil> publications4 ,on ! notepap] ( ! libr>y "s su* note z ! foll[+ might be giv5 9 small type3 8,! libr>ian w be glad to he> ( writt5 or pr9t$ mat]ial relat+ to ,selsey1 ei!r z a gift or = pur*ase40 ,?is is especially useful1 z ! notepap] circulates mo/ly 9 ! di/rict itself1 :]e mu* lit]ature may be hidd51 unvalu$ & neglect$1 :i* its own]s w\ld will+ly add to ! collection4 ,) ! directory entry be=e him ! booksell] w g5]ally report individual items1 b 9 any case he w s5d 8 catalogues1 & ^! mu/ be p]us$ dilig5tly4 ,z a rule ! booksell] is suffici5tly ma/] ( 8 bus9ess to ent] likely mat]ial1 "u c\nty & t[n head+s1 b n infrequ5tly books :i* h a local appeal appe> 9 o!r p>ts ( ! catalogue4 ,9 ?is "w ! libr>ian w naturally & wisely make use ( 8 :ole /aff1 & e inducem5t %\ld be held out to assi/ants to help 9 ! discov]+ ( local mat]ial & to make sugge/ions = ! ext5sion ( ! collection4 ,g5]ally1 h[ev]1 little inducem5t w be ne$$1 z libr>y work]s z a :ole are bo? ke5ly int]e/$ 9 & pr\d ( ! local collection4 ,o!r s\rces ( supply may be dealt ) briefly4 ,donations w acc\nt = _m ( ! mo/ curi\s & useful1 & ^! are be/ induc$ by exhibitions ( mat]ial f ! collection1 by ref]5ces made to ! collection 9 books 9 ! l5d+ libr>y 7a slip c be ins]t$ 9 all topographical books1 = example1 call+ att5tion to ! exi/5ce & scope ( ! collection71 & by p>agraphs1 articles1 etc41 built up f local mat]ial1 :i* may appe> 9 ! public press1 & :i* ! local press is only too glad to publi%4 #dcc4 ,photographic ,surveys4--,! curr5t pictorial records1 ! photographs1 c usually be obta9$1 by ! exp5se ( mu* en]gy & little money1 ?r\gh a ,photographic ,survey ,society4 ,z ?is matt] has j lately receiv$ sy/ematic & au?oritative treatm5t1#ae x is unnecess>y "h to enl>ge ^u x fur!r ?an to say t a photographic survey society is usually a b& ( photograph]s1 pr(essional & 7ma9ly7 amateur1 :o make photographic records 9 a sy/ematic mann] ( a p>ticul> di/rict1 its hi/ory1 antiquities1 natural features1 ar*itecture1 indu/ries1 curr5t activities1 &1 9 fact1 ev]y?+ t pres5ts or int]prets its life4 ,su* societies are increas+ 9 numb]1 & h a social side 9 ! %ape ( photographic excursions1 reunions1 etc41 :i* make !m r m ?an ga!r+s :]e ! cacophan\s j>gon ( ! d>k-room p]vades ev]y?+2 h5ce !y b& toge!r _m p :o are int]e/$ 9 a di/rict & ! pres]vation ( its memories4 ,z a rule ! :ole ( ! "w ( ! survey1 except ! catalogu+ & classify+--:i* are ! bus9ess ( ! libr>ian--is done by memb]s ( ! survey4 ,! libr>y usually supplies m\nts1 /orage & catalogu+ requisites4 #ae ,g[]1 ,h4 ,d41 ,ja/1 ,l4 ,s41 & ,topley1 ,w4 ,w4 ,! ,cam]a z ,hi/orian3 ,a ,h&book to ,photographic ,record ,"w4 #aiaf4 ,sampson ,l[4 #dcd4 ,regional ,surveys4--,simil>ly1 b m rec5tly1 regional 7or civic7 survey societies h come into exi/5ce1 :i* p>cel out c]ta9 local areas1 & /udy ev]y?+ 9 !m1 f _! geology to ! la/ manife/ations ( ! human intellect work+ 9 !m1 & record ! results on maps4#af ,?us maps ( ! local /rata1 wat]-be>+ b$s1 flora1 ra9fall1 indu/ries1 old inns1 mile/ones1 b\nd>y m>ks1 & s on1 h be5 made = ! circle ( tw5ty miles1 c5t]+ 9 ,croydon4 ,?is is a new =m ( "w ( ! utmo/ value = provid+ data ( curr5t utility1 & = pres]v+ ! record ( local features4 ,su* societies are already recogniz+ t ! municipal ref]5ce libr>y is ! natural /or+-place ( su* mat]ial4 #af ,see ,libr>y ,_w1 vol4 xix41 pp4 #cb-cd4 #dce4 ,co/4--,naturally ! mo/ important factor 9 collect+ is ! price ( ! mat]ial collect$4 ,?is1 n rem>kably1 (t5 gives u consid]able pause1 z ! pres5t-day co/ ( local lit]ature does n seem to be> any relation to its orig9al co/2 & to appraise ! value ( manuscript mat]ial1 de$s & simil> matt]1 is almo/ impossible4 ,sc>city & competition are ! two factors 9 creat+ prices4 ,9 local lit]ature ! dem& c be controll$ if libr>ians d n trav]se o!r fields ?an _! own di/rict 9 mak+ _! collection4 ,a little consultation ) bro!r libr>ians %\ld br+ ab\t a workable division ( any giv5 c\nty1 ) ! result t ! individual collection w\ld be satisfactory1 & ! duplication ( ef=t & exp5se w\ld be avoid$4 ,only ! v l>ge t[ns %\ld attempt c\nty collections4 ,moreov]1 ?is avoidance ( competition w\ld less5 ! dem& = ! same book1 & s help to br+ d[n its m>ket value4 ,! competitor :o c completely out-di/ance ! av]age libr>y is ! ke5 private collector ) a g5]\s purse & unlimit$ leisure4 ,9 8 case ! libr>ian c only hope t 8 w conta9s a clause 9 :i* 8 collection & ! libr>y are 9 happy juxtaposition4 ,) relation to actual buy+1 x is a good axiom nev] to pur*ase any?+ except 8on approval40 ,x is really wond]ful h[ attractive a commonplace & almo/ valueless item c appe> to be 9 an ag5t's catalogue4 ,9 few cases ?is 8s5d+ on approval0 is refus$ by booksell]s1 b ! majority are only too glad to d x1 especially if ! prospective pur*as] und]takes to pay po/age bo? ways 9 ! ev5t ( reject+ ! mat]ial4 ,by ?is means l>ge bundles ( /uff :i* h only a nucleus ( useful matt] c be we$$ out1 & ! price arrang$ accord+ to ! result4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly desirable :5 deal+ ) de$s1 :i* (t5 prove to be incomplete1 or ( f> less int]e/ ?an 7say7 ! entry1 8,=ty ,surrey ,de$s1 #aedb-ahaf10 w\ld imply4 ,"o does n suppose t deal]s 9 ^! ?+s are "o :it less hone/ ?an o!r m51 b _! prices are (t5 9 ! region ( ! absurd4 ,if ! collector has reason to ?9k t ?is is s1 he %\ld make a reasonable (f] = ! books he wants1 & x w g5]ally be f\nd t ! booksell] is am5able to ?is sort ( argum5t4 ,naturally we are speak+ ( ! g5]al items = ! collection4 ,9 e di/rict individual items h a def9ite high value :i* _c be r$uc$1 & x is ! lot ( mo/ local collectors to be compell$ regretfully to pass by1 z beyond _! means1 _m ?+s t !y w\ld gladly possess4 #dcf4 ,m\nt+ ( ,pr9ts1 etc4--,x rema9s to devote "s att5tion to ! m\nt+1 catalogu+ & /orage ( mat]ial4 ,books & pamphlets are treat$ z 9 ! g5]al libr>y1 z are broadsides1 cutt+s & simil> sep>ate mat]ial4 ,! photograph may be treat$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,at ,birm+ham1 = example1 ! pr9ts are m\nt$1 & /or$ 9 :at are virtually loose-leaf albums1 :i* p]mit p]fect classification & ! ins]tion ( any new photograph )\t dislocation4 ,! m usual me?od is to m\nt ! photographs on a uni=m size m\nt--#ag 94 by #ac 94 = l>ge pr9ts1 & #ab 94 by #aj 94 = small] 7& ! great majority (7 pr9ts h be5 f\nd satisfactory4 ,nature pap]s ( d\ble /r5g? h be5 us$1 & e ef=t %\ld be made to secure an acid-free pap]4 ,:5 x is obta9$ ! pr9ts %\ld be fix$ by ! dry-m\nt+ process1 if possible2 ne>ly all adhesives h injuri\s *emical action ^u photographic pap]s4 ,! m\nt$ pr9ts & photographs are /or$ 9 boxes su* z t %[n 9 ,fig4 #aah1 or 9 ! draw]s ( a v]tical file4 #dcg4 ,classification4--,! classification ( ! local collection dem&s a mu* clos] arrangem5t ?an any g5]al s*eme provides4 ,up to ! pres5t mo/ libr>ians h con/ruct$ "o = _! own use2 & !re are two me?ods4 ,"o1 & t mo/ readily us$1 is a topographical arrangem5t ) a subject sub-arrangem5t2 ! o!r is ! conv]se--a subject arrangem5t ) topographical sub-division4 ,! *oice may be det]m9$ by ! answ] ! read] gives to ! "q3 ,:i* are us]s m likely to want-- #a4 ,! *ur*es ( a c\nty or t[n z a :ole8 or #b4 ,mat]ial1 includ+ ! *ur*1 relat+ to a t[n 79 a c\nty7 or p>i% or w>d 79 a t[n78 ,! topographical arrangem5t ( 7say7 a c\nty survey is usually secur$ by add+ to ! subject numb] ! numb] ( ! squ>e on ! key ,ordnance ,survey map ( ! c\nty4 ,t is1 :5 ! ma9 arrangem5t is subjectival4 ,:5 x is topographical ! ordnance numb] prec$es ! subject numb]4 ,a detail$ example ( ! work+ ( a local collection classification is giv5 9 ,g[]1 ,ja/ & ,topley's ,! ,cam]a z ,hi/orian4 ,e m\nt %\ld be> ^u x a label %[+ p>ticul>s ( ! subject1 numb]1 photograph]1 process1 date1 etc4 ,?is goes well into ! left-top corn]4 ,! example giv5 is t ( ! ,surrey ,photographic ,survey4 ,a simil> label ) ! necess>y adaptations is advisable on all pr9ts :i* are n ! prop]ty ( su* ,surveys4 ,9 ! case ( surveys ! label is fill$ 9 by ! photograph]1 except ! space = ! class-m>k1 & ! upp] "p is deta*$ by ! ,survey ,secret>y & is pa/$ up 9 a gu>d-book to =m 8 record4 ,only ! label )9 ! ?ick squ>$ l9es is affix$ to ! m\nt4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,photographic ,,survey ,access to collection4 ,,& ,,record ,,( ,,surrey4 ,! collection is p]man5tly h\s$ at ! ,public ,libr>y1 ,slip to accompany pr9ts & ,t[n ,hall1 ,croydon1 "u regu- lant]n slides4 lations mak+ x accessible to ! public4 ----- ----- ,copyright4 ,x is reque/$ t y w fill 9 ! requir$ p>ticul>s on ?is slip,! ,copyright ( a photograph rema9s & =w>d x & y\r pr9t or lan-! prop]ty ( ! contributor1 un- t]n slide to ! ,hon4 ,survey ,sec41 less specially c$$ to ! ,associa- ,mr ,h4 ,d4 ,,g[]1 #ee ,b5son ,road1 tion4 ,croydon4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,class ,,no4#a ,,locality ,no4 ( #f 94,,subject ,,survey ,,no#a ,ord4 mp4 %eet4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,size ,,process ,,date ,,"t #b;,,compass ,,date ,,receiv$#a ,,photograph$ a4m4 p4m4,,po9t plate ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,,description ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,,"n ,,& ,,address ,,( ,,contributor ,,memb] ,,( ,,! ,,foll[+ ,,affiliat$ ,,society-- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------------- ,use "o =m = ea* pr9t4 ,write cle>ly4 ,make description brief4 #a ,leave blank4 #b ,! compass po9t t[>ds :i* cam]a is po9t+4 ,,photographic ,,survey ,,& ,,record ,,( ,,surrey4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,,fig4 #afc4--,label ( ,photographic ,survey ,pr9ts 7,section #dcg74 #dch4 ,catalogu+4--,! catalogu+ ( ! local collection %\ld1 ( c\rse1 foll[ ! code 9 g5]al use2 b c]ta9 amplifications are desirable4 ,! size1 pag9ation1 date ( publication1 t[n ( publication1 & ! names bo? ( pr9t] & publi%] 7if !y are diff]5t7 %\ld be giv54 ,omissions f titles %\ld be z infrequ5t z possible1 & :5 made %\ld be indicat$4 ,! object is to make ?is catalogue z fully bibliographical z possible4 #dci4 ,! catalogu+ ( pr9ts is a fairly simple matt] if treat$ 9 common-s5se fa%ion4 ,inquir]s only occasionally require ! works ( arti/ or photograph] 9 connexion ) su* pr9ts z are /ock$ by libr>ies4 ,a subject-index appe>s to be ! be/ =m1 ) a local index2 ?us ----------------------------- ,,golf ,,c\rse1 ,,reigate4 #bfc4e ----------------------------- #a ----------------------------- ,,reigate4 ,,golf ,,c\rse4 #bfc4e ----------------------------- #b ,,fig4 #afd4--,pr9t-index ,slips 7,section #dci74 are a suffici5t catalogu+ ( a p>ticul> pr9t4 ,all ! detail beyond t c be f\nd on ! pr9ts1 :i* !mselves are 9 _! arrangem5t a classifi$ catalogue4 ,( c\rse special pr9ts w\ld g "u ! arti/s' names1 or "u _! titles if _! value w>rant$ t c\rse4 ,usually x does n4 #ddj4 ,maps4--,x is appropriate to deal ) maps "h1 z ! l>ge/ numb] ( maps w probably be local ones4 ,! classification me?ods sugge/$ = pr9ts apply to maps z well2 t is to say1 ! pr$om9at+ arrangem5t %\ld be topographical1 & ! sub-arrangem5t subjectival1 & ! ultimate arrangem5t may be *ronological4 ,?us a map ( ! geology ( a p>ticul> t[n w\ld arrange-- ,class ,no4 ( ,t[n4 ,geology ,no4 ,date4 #dda4 ,! catalogu+ ( maps may foll[ ! ,anglo-,am]ican rule1 :i* runs3 ,ent] maps "u ! c>tograph]4 ,if ! "n ( ! c>tograph] is n f\nd1 ent] "u ! publi%]2 ?us3 ,,gregory1 ,c4 ,c4 ,m',millan's map ( ,new ,brunswick4 ,drawn by ,c4 ,c4 ,gregory4 ,scale ( /atute miles ca4 #h to ! in*4 ,,john/on1 ,w4 & ,a4 ,k41 pub4 ,john/on's comm]cial & libr>y *>t ( ! _w on ,m]cator's projection4 ,?is simple rule ne$s "s amplification = a l>ge collection ( maps2 & ! foll[+ simple rules h be5 f\nd to be satisfactory3 #a4 ,! ,arrangem5t ( entries is 9 *ronological ord]1 & :]e two entries occur "u "o date !y are arrang$ alphabetically by ! head+4 #b4 ,! ,"n adopt$ = ,head+ is t ( ! c>tograph] :]e f\nd2 :]e ! c>tograph] is n f\nd1 ! publi%]1 or engrav]1 or title 79 ?is ord]7 =ms ! entry ^w4 #c4 ,! unit ( ,scale :]ev] possible %\ld be ! in*4 #d4 ,give ! ,size1 measur$ f "o inn] m>g9 to ano!r1 v]tical measurem5ts fir/1 to ! ne>e/ qu>t]-in* bel[ ! actual size4 #e4 ,! ,date ( arrangem5t is t pr9t$ on ! map2 b mod]n maps illu/rat+ places at a pa/ p]iod 9 hi/ory arrange "u ! p]iod1 ! publication date be+ add$ to ! entry m]ely z in=mation4 ,undat$ maps f atlases or o!r works take ! date ( ! "w 9 :i* !y appe>4 ,all catalogues s arrang$ require topographical & subject indexes4 ,! fil+ ( maps 0 dealt ) 9 ! *apt] on ,fil+ & ,index+4 #ddb4 ,de$s4--,de$s are difficult to h&le & /ore because ( _! %ape & size1 ! seals atta*$ to !m1 & = o!r reasons4 ,= ord9>y purposes flat fil+ 9 boxes simil> to ^? us$ = maps w s]ve4 ,! catalogu+ ( de$s has be5 v>i\sly done1 b = local purposes a topographical arrangem5t1 ) a *ronological sub-arrangem5t1 is recomm5d$4 ,examples ( typical entries may be giv53 ,bag%ot4 #agae #ba ,june 7i4 ,george ,i474 ,,lease ,,( ,,cottage ,,& ,,l&4 ,,bag%ot4 ,f ,walt] ( ,busbridge to ,grayham ( ,bag%ot1 #ii ye>s at #d_/- p] ann4 7consid4 #bd4c4j474 d,s#fi7ccc7 ,cottage1 b>n1 & #c;a4 l&4 ,special condition "u p5alty ( =feiture ( lease if brok54 8,& goe+ ) sd4 ,john ,walt] 8 heirs & assns4 to ! ,eleccon ( ! sd4 ,co4 ( ,surrey att any "t :5 any ,eleccon = ,knights ( ! ,%ire %all be held1 & vote = su* p]son z ! said ,john ,walt] 8 heirs1 exors41 admors41 & assignes %all direct4 4 4 40 ,b$d+ton4 #adij #b ,july 7v4 ,h5ry ,,vii474 ,,bond ,,= #ejj 7,lat974 ,f ,james & ,ri*>d ,c>ru old spell+ ( ,c>ew to ,john ,iw>dby & ,*ris4 ,tropp5ell4 d,s#fee7ccc7 ,securities3 ,! manors ( ,b$yngton1 ,b&on & ,norbury2 & o!r l&s & t5em5ts 9 ,b$yngton1 ,croydon1 ,/reteham1 ,bri/[e ,bur/[ & ,horne2 & ! manor ( ,mai?am 9 ,k5t4 ,su* a catalogue mu/ be equipp$ ) a "n index at lea/1 & an index ( places is also desirable2 ^! may be comb9$ 9 "o alphabet4 ,,bibliography #ddc4 ,local ,collections3 ,no monograph4 ,= articles see ,cannons3 ,g #ef1 ,local ,collections & ,surveys2 ,g #ei1 ,maps2 ,i #ag1 ,catalogu+ ,rules2 ,h #gh1 ,classification2 ,l #de1 ,bibliography4 #ddd4 ,photographic & ,regional ,surveys3 ,g[]1 ,ja/1 & ,topley4 ,! ,cam]a z ,hi/orian3 a h&book = survey or record societies1 #aiaf4 ,fagg1 ,c4 ,c4 ,! ,regional ,survey & ,local ,natural ,hi/ory ,societies4 ,9 ,s\?-,ea/]n ,naturali/1 #aiae1 p4 #bj4 ,we/ell1 ,w4 ,p4 ,! ,new ,doomsday4 ,9 ,my ,life z a ,naturali/1 #aiah4 ,= articles see ,cannons3 ,i #bd1 ,catalogu+2 ,h #he1 ,classification1 etc4 ,,*apt] ,,xxix ,,libr>ies ,,( ,,municipal ,,ref]5ce #dde4 ,g5]al4--,x is appropriate to devote a brief space to ! consid]ation ( ref]5ce libr>ies ( municipal mat]ial1 because ! ,libr>y ,association has affirm$ ! desirability ( su* libr>ies2 al?\gh1 s f> z ?is c\ntry is conc]n$1 ! matt] is 9 ! prospective /age r ?an t ( accompli%m5t4 ,9 v>i\s ,canadian & ,am]ican cities su* libr>ies exi/ & h prov$ _! utility4 ,municipal hi/ory w\ld probably furni% _m examples ( indep5d5t attempts to solve simil> local gov]nm5t & adm9i/rative problems1 all conduct$ )\t t ref]5ce to "o ano!r :i* is impli$ 9 organization1 & )\t full pr(it be+ d]iv$ f ! successes or failures ( =m] work]s4 ,x is true t be=e c>ry+ out s*emes appeal is made by municipalities to _! (ficial exp]ts2 b ! exp]i5ce ( ! latt]1 h[ev] wide1 is usually circumscrib$1 & !y c add to x only by p]sonal visits to & correspond5ce )1 simil> exp]ts4 ,?is limit$ k1 & ! exp5diture ( "t & money1 c\ld be avoid$ by any municipality :i* possess$ an organiz$ libr>y ( ref]5ce mat]ial4 ,x is1 z we h %[n1 ! bus9ess ( e libr>y to pres]ve 9 its local collection all publications ( ! au?ority to :om x belongs4 ,! value ( ?is limit$ "w is obvi\s1 b x does n necess>ily dem& a special dep>tm5t4 ,:51 h[ev]1 an attempt is made to collect e k9d ( mat]ial1 manuscript1 pr9t$1 pictorial & /ati/ical1 :i* is likely to ?r[ light on problems ( local adm9i/ration1 includ+ ! municipal lit]ature issu$ by o!r au?orities1 ! task becomes s l>ge t a sep>ate & self-conta9$ dep>tm5t mu/ be devot$ to x4 #ddf4 ,9 almo/ e municipal (fice !re is to be f\nd a small] or l>g] collection ( ! m obvi\s te*nical books = ! ref]5ce use ( its /aff4 ,su* books are treatises on eng9e]+ details1 acc\ntancy1 & ! ,t[n ,cl]k has usually a small collection ( acts1 manuals1 & o!r lit]ature be>+ ^u municipal law4 ,! collections are r>ely if ev] l>ge en\gh to possess a repres5tative & co-ord9ate "*1 nor are !y easily available = ! :ole ( ! /aff ( ! local au?ority or = memb]s ( ! t[n c\ncil & ! public4 ,!re is a c]ta9 wa/efulness 9 ?is me?od ( provid+ books4 ,"o or two ( ! great] t[ns h m g5]al municipal collections2 ,glasg[ is an example2 b !re is no t[n 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom :i* possesses a sy/ematically arrang$ & pr(essionally adm9i/]$ municipal libr>y1 or bureau ( municipal rese>*1 if ! t]m is pref]r$4 ,yet _m ?+s may be urg$ 9 fav\r ( su* a dep>tm5t4 ,x w\ld be an inf9ite advantage to any inquir]1 :e!r an (ficial or a memb] ( ! public1 to be able to g to a specially con/itut$ dep>tm5t & to /udy :at has be5 ! g5]al exp]i5ce ( any "q or s*eme "u consid]ation or 9 prospect4 ,)9 ! limits presum$ ! field ( ! municipal ref]5ce is a wide "o4 ,x w\ld collect all books ( an au?oritative nature on local gov]nm5t1 & e available municipal docum5t1 f ! m9utes ( ! local c\ncil to ! small p>agraph f ! newspap] :i* w\ld %$ light on municipal adm9i/ration4 ,x is def9itely bibliographical "w & %\ld be plac$ "u ! control ( ! libr>ies committee2 moreov]1 x is exp]t "w1 & c only be conduct$ satisfactorily by a man or woman :o has be5 tra9$ 9 ! collection1 classification1 fil+1 & p>ticul>ly ! m9ute catalogu+ & index+ ( lit]>y mat]ial2 9 %ort1 to be effective1 x mu/ be plac$ 9 ! c>e ( a pr(essional libr>ian4 #ddg4 ,su* a libr>y w\ld dem& fairly g5]\s accommodation if x is to conta9 ! mat]ial indicat$1 & w\ld require a prop] /aff2 x w\ld co/ money4 ,"h1 p]haps1 we h ! crucial factor 9 ! situation1 because x is difficult to conv9ce ! av]age municipal gov]nor t books c be> a "p 9 ! solution ( municipal problems4 ,x is obvi\s t su* a dep>tm5t _c be support$ out ( ! pres5t res\rces ( libr>y committees--9 fact1 x is mo/ undesirable1 ev5 if x is legal1 t ! co/ %\ld fall ^u ! libr>y rate4 ,x is special "w to assi/ ! gov]nm5t ( a t[n1 & %\ld be paid = by ! gov]n+ au?ority z a :ole & q ap>t f ord9>y libr>y funds4 ,9 ,milwaukee1 :]e ! ,public ,libr>y adm9i/]s su* a dep>tm5t1 ! city makes an annual appropriation ( five ?\s& doll>s f ! g5]al city fund to be add$ to ! libr>y's rev5ue1 & us$ only = municipal ref]5ce purposes4 ,"o ?\s& p\nds a ye> w\ld possibly seem an excessive am\nt to ! av]age t[n c\ncil1 b :5 x is rememb]$ t su* a libr>y1 by ! in=mation x w\ld af=d1 might save _m m ?\s&s ( p\nds1 ! inve/m5t w\ld seem to be an em95tly satisfactory "o4 #ddh4 ,am]ica has anticipat$ u 9 ?is1 z 9 _m o!r libr>y matt]s1 & su* libr>ies ( ?is "* z %e possesses h prov$ to be q successful4 ,a l>ge volume has already be5 devot$ by ,mr ,j4 ,b4 ,kais] to ! discussion ( ! practical me?ods 9 vogue 9 ?is & collat]al libr>ies4 ,!re1 z "h1 /ress is laid ^u ! economy result+ f su* "w4 ,x prev5ts ! adoption ( ill-consid]$ municipal s*emes1 or s*emes :i* x %[s to h be5 a failure else:]e4 ,x provides examples ( ! successes ( o!r t[ns1 &1 !re=e1 gives ! possess+ t[n ! be/ models ^u :i* to frame its own "w4 ,x is insi/$1 too1 t ?is is "w = ! libr>ian1 & t x is useless to sp5d money ^u ! provision ( mat]ial & to place x 9 ! *>ge ( p :o are n specially equipp$ by education1 exp]i5ce1 & te*nical tra9+ to und]/& & focus ! in=mation conta9$ 9 ! libr>y4 ,:at is n s vital 9 ,am]ica1 because ( ! comp>ative weal? ( libr>ies !re 7few ( !m are really ov]-f9anc$71 is ! fact t :ile ?is may =m an important bran* ( ! public libr>y1 x mu/ h a sep>ate rev5ue4 #ddi4 ,,bibliography ,kais]1 ,j4 ,b4 ,law1 ,legislative & ,municipal ,ref]5ce ,libr>ies1 #aiad4 ,moore1 ,h4 ,k4 ,municipal ,ref]5ce ,libr>ies4 ,9 ,libr>y ,association4 ,public ,libr>ies3 _! developm5t & future organization1 #aiag4 ,= articles see ,special ,libr>ies1 vol4 ii41 p4 #bb1 #aiaa2 & ,cannons3 ,g #fj1 ,municipal ,lit]ature2 ,l #abb1 ,bibliography4 ,,*apt] ,,xxx ,,! ,,comm]cial ,,dep>tm5t #dej4 ,g5]al4--,! mo/ rec5t developm5t ( libr>y works :i* has ju/ifi$ itself 9 practice has = its aim ! provision ( in=mation useful to comm]cial & bus9ess m54 ,x is comp>atively new to ?is c\ntry b has be5 9 vogue 9 ,am]ica = "s ye>s pa/1 9 p>ticul> 9 ! ,comm]cial ,museum at ,philadelphia1 :i* is a sep>ate1 self-conta9$ in/itution4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 comm]cial libr>ies h be5 e/abli%$ z "p ( ! public libr>y sy/em at ,glasg[1 ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 ,brad=d1 ,birm+ham1 ,le$s & else:]e4 ,! names ( ^! t[ns indicate an important fact4 ,sep>ate compreh5sive comm]cial libr>ies are exp5sive in/itutions1 & are only ju/ifi$ :]e a l>ge dem& = _! s]vices may be expect$4 ,small] libr>ies may inde$ h comm]cial dep>tm5ts 9 connexion ) _! ref]5ce dep>tm5ts1 b x is wis] to limit _! /ock & "w to ! def9itely local trades ?an to attempt a g5]al comm]cial s]vice entirely beyond _! means & probable ne$s4 #dea4 ,! ,comm]cial ,dep>tm5t4--,z di/9ct f ! g5]al comm]cial libr>y z e/abli%$ 9 ! great t[ns we h nam$1 ! comm]cial section 9 an ord9>y libr>y is a developm5t ( ! ,in=mation ,desk4 ,x specializes 9 local indu/ries & trade1 & on t subject collects e =m ( pr9t$ & graphic mat]ial1 ! /&>d text-books & works ( ref]5ce1 directories1 ye>-books1 codes1 reports & p]iodicals4 ,^! are classifi$ & index$ m9utely1 & are s dispos$ t ord9>y que/ions :i* a bus9ess man may be expect$ to ask c be answ]$ z rapidly z possible4 ,x is :at ! ,am]icans call 8quick-fire ref]5ce "w10 9 :i* imm$iacy ( ne$ & ( its satisfaction are ! prime requisites4 ,we d n wi% to set limitations to any bran* ( libr>y s]vice1 & if a libr>ian c1 )\t loss or inconv5i5ce 9 o!r directions1 include fur!r features f ^? describ$ 9 ! foll[+ sections1 he %\ld c]ta9ly consid] himself at lib]ty to d s2 b ?is w r>ely be ! case4 ,! sep>ate1 highly-develop$ comm]cial libr>y is di/9ctly a "w = ! "s half-doz5 ,briti% cities :i* are c5tres ( great comm]cial & indu/rial populations4 #deb4 ,! ,comm]cial ,libr>y4--,! ne$ has long be5 felt 9 ?is c\ntry = rapid access to curr5t & /&>d comm]cial intellig5ce1 al?\gh x has n always be5 realiz$1 & ! ne$ has be5 acc5tuat$ by ! ,great ,w>1 :i* has made ,great ,brita9 m ?an ev] a competitor 9 ! _w-/ruggle4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,trade has e/abli%$ an intellig5ce dep>tm5t 9 ,london1 & *amb]s ( comm]ce exi/ 9 mo/ t[ns :i* h intellig5ce-"w z "p ( _! reason = exi/5ce2 b ,london is too f> away = ! prov9cial man ( bus9ess :o wants imm$iate in=mation1 & ! *amb]s ( comm]ce d n embrace 9 _! memb]%ip m ?an a "p ( ! bus9ess community4 ,h5ce ! desirability ( fully-equipp$1 skilfully-adm9i/]$ libr>ies4 ,at ,glasg[1 ,liv]pool & else:]e ! comm]cial libr>y is h\s$ 9 a commodi\s1 appropriate dep>tm5t z ne> to ! bus9ess c5tre ( ! city z possible4 ,x is adm9i/]$ by ! libr>y au?ority1 & is 9 ! imm$iate *>ge ( a libr>ian skill$ 9 classification1 fil+ & index+1 & ! use ( works ( ref]5ce4 ,! /ock ( ! libr>y has be5 def9$ by ,mr ,s4 ,a4 ,pitt1 ! *ief libr>ian ( ,glasg[1 z /&>d & curr5t2 ! /&>d consi/+ ( treatises1 encyclopdic works1 code books1 ,gov]nm5t reports1 ,p>liam5t>y pap]s1 & works on comm]cial law & bus9ess me?od2 ! curr5t ( all k9ds ( fugitive pap]s & mat]ial ( great tempor>y1 b probably v transi5t1 int]e/1 su* z notices1 reports1 pamphlets1 leaflets1 news-cutt+s1 catalogues & price-li/s4 ,to ! /&>d w\ld be add$ directories ( e trade1 indu/ry & pr(ession1 & ( e c\ntry1 c\nty & important t[n2 atlases1 maps1 *>ts & simil> mat]ial w\ld =m an important "p ( ! collection2 &1 p]haps mo/ important ( all1 e f9ancial j\rnal1 trade p]iodical1 etc41 9 ,engli%1 ) a lib]al supply ( ^? 9 o!r languages4 ,! consul> reports1 & o!r ,gov]nm5t publications1 includ+ ^? ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice & o!r te*nical dep>tm5ts ( ! ,cr[n1 %\ld be includ$4 ,"s ( ^! c be obta9$ z a free grant2 _m ( !m1 /range to say1 c only be obta9$ by pur*ase4 #dec4 ,! me?odology ( su* a libr>y resembles t ( ! ord9>y ref]5ce libr>y1 ) special emphasis on m9ute fil+ & index+4 ,z mu* ( ! curr5t in=mation z possible %\ld be on c>ds or 9 v]tical files 9 ! mo/ concise =m2 ! bus9ess man has no "t to read l5g?y mat]ial1 nor c he af=d to wait = x :ile ! comm]cial libr>ian sl[ly produces x--t is1 z a rule2 !re are times :5 a "q dem&s a ref]5ce to ,london or to "s o!r place1 :i* involves delay2 b 9 ! ord9>y c\rse1 a quotation1 address1 "* ( a firm1 r\te1 code1 or "s su* in=mation1 is want$1 & x %\ld be =?com+ on ! in/ant4 ,! c>d index & v]tical file1 & exp]i5ce 9 ! ne$s ( read]s1 %\ld ev5tually lead to effective s]vice4 ,mu* ( ! "w is done by telephone1 & a complete telephone equipm5t is an ess5tial ( ! libr>y4 ,! :ole res\rces ( ! g5]al libr>y sy/em ( ! t[n are also at ! disposal ( ! us] ( ! comm]cial libr>y4 ,! libr>y also keeps records ( ! specialities ( ! v>i\s manufactur]s1 trad]s1 etc41 ( ! t[n1 ( *anges 9 _! scope1 managem5t1 & s =?2 & an index ( translators1 typ+ firms & o!rs requir$ at times by bus9ess p4 ,x mu/ revise its mat]ial regul>ly & sy/ematically s t x may always be ! late/4 #ded4 ,to secure ! be/ results co-op]ation ) ex*anges & *amb]s ( comm]ce is desirable2 & 9 _m places ?is seems to h be5 =?com+4 ,at ,glasg[1 ,bailie ,a4 ,campbell /ates t ! comm]cial libr>ies1 z project$ by libr>ians1 8are to meet ! wants ( ! small] comm]cial man1 ! tradesman1 ! man :o pu%es 8 way1 ! m5 :o h ris5 f no?+02 ! o!rs1 presumably1 are provid$ = by ! ex*ange & ! *amb] ( comm]ce4 ,at ,man*e/]1 h[ev]1 ! comm]cial libr>y is actually 9 ! ,royal ,ex*ange1 & o!r cities h made _! pres5t progress ?r\gh ! co-op]ation ( ! repres5tative organizations ( comm]cial m54 ,unless ?is is =?com+ !re seems n v mu* *ance ( success4 ,x may be t ! comm]cial libr>y1 z n[ initiat$ by libr>ians1 w 9 c\rse ( "t become ! nucleus ( a comm]cial in/itution or bureau 9 :i* ! bran*es ( ! ,bo>d ( ,trade1 ! ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce1 & ! v>i\s ,consuls may be h\s$1 controll$ 9 its op]ations by an exp]t paid a v high sal>y1 :o %all be = ! di/rict a sort ( ,m9i/] ( ,comm]ce capable ( guid+ ! comm]cial p4 ,b t is 9 ! region ( speculation4 #dee4 ,te*nical ,libr>ies4--,:ile ! comm]cial libr>y furni%es in=mation = ! buy] & sell] ( commodities1 ! te*nical libr>y is conc]n$ ) in=mation = ! manufactur] & op]ative2 ! "q is !re=e closely relat$ to ! "q ( comm]cial libr>ies1 & 9 "s di/ricts is ! m important4 ,9 l>ge ,am]ican libr>ies !re is usually a sep>ate dep>tm5t ( ! ref]5ce libr>y devot$ to te*nology1 b 9 ?is c\ntry ! supply ( su* books z ?is dep>tm5t w\ld af=d has be5 inadequate4 ,lately consid]able att5tion has be5 devot$ to te*nical libr>ies1 & we may summ>ize a few ( ! results & recomm5dations4 #def4 ,local ,indu/ries4--,x is cle> t municipal libr>ies h a special int]e/ 9 provid+ all lit]ature possible on local indu/ries2 text-books ( ! v>i\s trades1 p]iodicals1 pat5t publications1 reports1 catalogues & simil> matt] %\ld be collect$ assidu\sly4 ,?is does n mean t e trade repres5t$ 9 ! t[n ne$ be treat$ 9 an exhau/ive mann]1 b ! lead+ indu/ries1 by :i* numb]s ( ! t[nsfolk live1 c]ta9ly %\ld be4 ,examples ( su* collections are ^? on eng9e]+ at ,cov5try1 furniture at ,%or$it*1 clocks & clock-mak+ at ,f9sbury1 coal-m9+ at ,wigan1 & ! lea!r trades at ,nor?ampton4 ,"s ( ^!1 h[ev]1 are conf9$ to books1 9 _m cases p]=ce = lack ( funds & p]sonal s]vice2 b ! ideal1 too (t5 unrealiz$1 is a collection ( mat]ial ( all k9ds ( :i* books =m only a "p4 ,local means & opportunities mu/ det]m9e h[ f> any libr>y c c>ry su* a collection--usually1 at pres5t1 n v f>2 b z _m works ( recogniz$ value on ! pr$om9ant indu/ries %\ld c]ta9ly be /ock$4 #deg4 ,te*nical ,collections ,g5]ally4--,hi!rto x has be5 ! prov9ce ( ! municipal libr>y to supply g5]al works 9 te*nology1 & ! special libr>ies ( individual indu/ries h be5 provid$ by ! indu/ry4 ,?is1 9 ! view ( ! ,m9i/ry ( ,recon/ruction's ,adult ,education ,committee 7,?ird ,int]im ,report1 ,libr>ies & ,museums1 #aiai1 ,cd4 #ibcg71 %\ld be ! prevail+ me?od ( ! future4 ,x is obvi\s t few public libr>ies c supply exp5sive treatises on te*nical que/ions 9 :i* _! own di/rict is n directly int]e/$2 ev5 ) a greatly increas$ libr>y rate !y c\ld n d s 9 any l>ge measure4 ,! great] cities may p]haps acquire ^! books1 b !y c\ld n supply m ?an "o or two copies4 ,too limit$ a view %\ld n be tak5 9 great t[ns1 because co-ord9ation & co-op]ation su* z are impli$ 9 ! ,jo9t-,te*nical ,catalogues publi%$ at ,glasg[ br+ ! :ole res\rces ( a wide area to a focus4 ,9 ord9>y t[ns ! pres5t aim %\ld be to obta9 ! l>ge/ possible numb] ( g5]al & special works 9 sci5ce & appli$ sci5ce1 & to leave ! supply ( ! m exp5sive1 recondite1 & valuable b r>ely us$ treatises to a c5tral res]voir libr>y1 :i* may be develop$ out ( ! ,c5tral ,l5d+ ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 p]haps ) ! aid ( ! special libr>ies ( ! v>i\s in/itutions :i* repres5t trades & pr(essions4 ,! ma9 aim ( ! ,libr>y ,association is to h a c5tral res]voir libr>y e/abli%$ 9 ,london f :i* all libr>ies may draw important little-us$ books2 & ! ,m9i/ry ( ,recon/ruction's ,committee adopt ?is idea z ! basis ( _! s*eme = ! co-ord9ation & re-organization ( libr>ies4 ,9 build+ up te*nical collections a libr>y b5efits greatly by exp]t assi/ance2 b ! advice ( sev]al1 & n "o only1 is v desirable1 s9ce exp]ts r>ely agree on m9ute que/ions ( books1 & ea* ( any two exp]ts cancels ! idiosyncrasies ( ! o!r4 ,b exp]ts c usually be f\nd f neighb\r+ univ]sities1 or big indu/rial conc]ns1 :o w give ! libr>y ! b5efit ( _! k1 especially 9 assess+ ! value ( old] books4 ,no section ( ! libr>y ne$s revision s frequ5tly z ! te*nical1 unless x be ! comm]cial4 ,?is is m especially likely to be ! case 9 ^! next few ye>s aft] ! ,w>1 :5 all indu/rial advances made f #aiad onw>ds w probably be record$1 to ! sup]s$+ ( _m previ\s books4 ,,bibliography #deh4 ,comm]cial ,libr>ies3 ,dana1 ,j4 ,c1 & ,bull1 ,s4 ,b4 ,bus9ess ,bran*4 ,9 ,mod]n ,am]ican ,libr>y ,economy1 #aiaj4 ,glasg[ ,corporation ,libr>ies4 ,adams1 ,rob]t4 ,a ,comm]cial ,libr>y = ,glasg[1 #aiac4 ---- ,pitt1 ,s4 ,a4 ,! ,purpose1 ,equipm5t & ,me?ods ( ! ,comm]cial ,libr>y1 #aiaf4 ,libr>y ,association4 ,int]im ,report on ! ,provision ( ,te*nical & ,comm]cial ,libr>ies4 ,9 ,public ,libr>ies3 ,_! ,developm5t & ,future ,organization1 #aiag1 p4 #aad & sep>ately4 ,m9i/ry ( ,recon/ruction4 ,?ird ,int]im ,report ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee3 ,libr>ies & ,museums ,cd4 #ibcg1 #aiai1 p4 #aj4 ,pitt1 ,s4 ,a41 & ,o!rs4 ,comm]cial ,libr>ies4 ,9 ,libr>y ,association4 ,public ,libr>ies 7vide supra71 p4 #dg4 ,p[]1 ,r4 ,l4 ,bo/on's ,special ,libr>ies1 #aiag4 ,special ,libr>ies1 vol4 i41 #aiaa1 & to date4 #dei4 ,te*nical ,libr>ies3 ,see all lit]ature 9 ,section #deh4 ,hulme1 ,e4 ,w41 & ,o!rs4 ,te*nical ,libr>ies4 ,9 ,libr>y ,association4 ,public ,libr>ies 7vide supra71 p4 #fe4 ,! ,libr>y ,association ,record has be5 occupi$ l>gely ) ^! subjects f #aiaf1 & ref]5ce %\ld be made to its indexes4 ,= articles see ,cannons3 ,c #dei-fa1 ,comm]cial1 ,indu/rial & ,sci5tific ,libr>ies2 ,c #add1 ,comm]cial ,libr>ies 9 ,u4,s42 ,f #ac1 ,libr>y 9 ,relation to ,indu/rial ,education2 ,g #ec1 ,indu/rial ,collections2 ,g #gf1 #gh1 ,indu/rial & ,trade ,lit]ature4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxi ,,read+-,,room ,,me?ods #dfj4 ,newsrooms4--,! *ief diff]5ce :i* exi/s 9 ! composition ( ,briti% & ,am]ican libr>ies is ! frequ5t abs5ce f ! latt] ( g5]al read+ rooms 9 :i* ! pr9cipal newspap]s are display$ = public use4 ,! newsroom has nev] be5 g5]ally recogniz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a necess>y dep>tm5t ( a public libr>y1 &1 save 9 a few exceptional cases1 ^! rooms are n to be f\nd 9 ! av]age ,am]ican public libr>y4 ,! ne>e/ approa* to ! ,briti% newsroom 9 ,am]ica is ! l>ge magaz9e read+ room1 9 :i* all k9ds ( weekly & mon?ly p]iodicals are display$4 ,?is is sub/antially ! same z a newsroom1 b )\t ! curr5t numb]s ( daily newspap]s4 ,!re are reasons :y ! ,am]icans d n enc\rage newsrooms1 & "o is ! enorm\s numb] ( newspap]s :i* exi/ 9 e l>ge t[n4 ,! display ( a repres5tative selection ( newspap]s & ! co/ ( ma9ta9+ ! dep>tm5t w\ld occupy a l>ge space1 & ! funds w\ld be sp5t to a consid]able ext5t 9 provid+ "o ( ! lea/ heal?y =ms ( lit]ature4 ,b p]haps ! real reason = ! ,am]ican indiff]5ce to ! newsroom is ! s5sational & vulg> tone ( a consid]able portion ( ! newspap] press4 ,"s ,am]ican newspap]s are free f su* undesirable & objectionable features z s5sational & untrue comm5ts on curr5t ev5ts1 vulg> p]sonalities1 exagg]ation & misrepres5tation1 objectionable & dang]\s adv]tisem5ts1 & a v l[ level ( lit]>y m]it1 b _m are n4 ,! be/ fugitive "w ( ,am]ican writ]s ( any importance is to be f\nd 9 ! magaz9es & lit]>y weeklies1 :i* (f] a m>k$ contra/ 9 e respect1 save p]haps z reg>ds adv]tisem5ts1 to ! some:at debas$ "* ( _m ,am]ican daily newspap]s4 ,^! are all reasons :y newsrooms on ! ,briti% plan are n q desirable 9 ,am]ican libr>ies1 & !y apply to a l>ge ext5t to ! alt]$ conditions ( rec5t ,briti% j\rnalism4 ,"t 0 :5 ! av]age ,briti% newspap] repres5t$ a high /&>d ( accuracy1 fairness & lit]>y ability1 b s9ce ! importation ( _m d\btful ,am]ican me?ods1 ! "* ( ! press has to a l>ge measure deg5]at$4 ,moreov]1 few ,briti% newspap]s are indep5d5t ( political or corporation control1 al?\gh exceptions exi/1 & imp>tial reports ( & comm5ts ^u news are r>e4 #dfa4 ,! /ock argum5ts 9 fav\r ( newspap]s are reasonable1 & h a /rong elem5t ( tru? 9 !m4 ,!y attract a class ( read] :o w\ld n o!rwise come to ! libr>y at all1 & satisfy ! lit]>y aspirations ( "s ratepay]s :o might receive o!rwise no direct return = _! rates4 ,! pres5ce ( lit]>y1 te*nical & comm]cial p]iodicals 9 ! newsroom is also said to attract a l>ge numb] ( int]e/$ read]s1 & no d\bt x does2 b ?is result might be a*iev$ indep5d5tly ( ! newspap] elem5t4 ,newspap] read]s are (t5 a class ap>t2 !y r>ely read any?+ else4 ,real newspap] read]s are comp>atively few1 & besides ^? :o come = ! weekly p]iodicals1 ! newsroom attracts loaf]s1 sport+ m5 & all k9ds ( hopeless individuals1 to :om ! comp>ative com=t ( ! newsroom is an attraction4 ,mr ,george ,giss+1 9 "o ( 8 sket*es1 has drawn an exagg]at$ picture ( su* a newsroom haunt]1 :o suff]s f a k9d ( neurosis :i* drags him irresi/ibly to a public newsroom1 !re to indulge 8 morbid olfactory s5se4 ,! ma9 argum5t 9 fav\r ( newsrooms is t !y pres5t repres5tative j\rnals ( e %ade ( op9ion1 & give ! opportunity :i* is badly ne$$ ( comp>ative read+4 ,b x is a dep>tm5t :i* "s libr>ians ?9k co/s r m ?an is ju/ifi$ by its actual value4 ,:5 ! annual *>ges = p]iodicals1 fitt+s1 light+1 heat+1 ov]sight & proportion ( loan are all add$ toge!r1 x w be f\nd t a newsroom co/s a v consid]able am\nt1 :i* c\ld be appli$ to m p]man5t advantage 9 a ref]5ce or l5d+ libr>y4 ,! small] ! libr>y ! great] is ! proportionate co/1 & committees may s]i\sly consid] ! "q ( limitation 9 public newsrooms1 at any rate s f> z daily newspap]s are conc]n$4 ,x is cle>ly a dep>tm5t :]e cont9ual sup]vision is necess>y1 :]e x is mo/ difficult to en=ce discipl9e1 & "o t gives rise to cont9ual public criticism4 #dfb4 ,a few ye>s ago ! practice ( black+ out ! bett+ news 0 adopt$ 9 "s newsrooms1 z an exp]im5tal device to disc\rage ! sport+ elem5t1 :i* 9 "s t[ns us$ to ob/ruct ! great] "p ( ! newsrooms4 ,?is is m5tion$1 n z an example to be foll[$1 b z %[+ ! %ifts "s libr>y au?orities h be5 driv5 to 9 ord] to prev5t abuses4 ,?is practice ( oblit]ation is n[ r>e4 ,ano!r sugge/ion = cop+ ) ! bett+ frat]nity is to cease buy+ or display+ ! ev5+ pap]s1 or to procure !m s late z to make !m useless = ! purposes ( ! sport+ elem5t1 :ile n 9 any way p5aliz+ ! read] :o comes aft] #g p4m4 ,z a fur!r sugge/ion = limit+ ! co/ & ob/ructions ( mo/ newsrooms 9 l>ge t[ns1 x has be5 propos$ 7#a7 t only ! morn+ daily pap]s be b\ght1 = ! b5efit ( ! unemploy$2 7#b7 t ! 8,situations ,vacant0 columns only be display$ f #g or #h till #aa a4m42 7#c7 t ! :ole ( !m be remov$ at #aa o'clock1 & _! places occupi$ by maps1 *>ts1 pictures ( curr5t topics1 or o!r simil> broadside matt] likely to int]e/ & in/ruct4 #dfc4 ,9 ?is way a newsroom might be greatly improv$1 & ! "* ( its "w *ang$1 )\t int]f]+ ) ! use ( ! illu/rat$ p]iodicals1 te*nical j\rnals & trade pap]s display$ on ! tables4 ,by utiliz+ ! wall space only = newspap]s1 good ov]sight is obta9$ & a c]ta9 am\nt ( limitation is =c$ ^u ! au?ority by me*anical means4 ,9 arrang+ newspap]s on ! /&s1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to sep>ate ! popul> j\rnals by a few less popul> ones1 s z to avoid cont9u\s cr[d+ at "o or two po9ts4 ,! p :o read newspap]s %\ld be di/ribut$ r\nd ! walls z ?9ly z possible1 & ?is c only be effect$ by spread+ ! pap]s all r\nd ! available area4 #dfd4 ,9 select+ newspap]s = a newsroom great c>e %\ld be tak5 to repres5t all political p>ties1 & at ! same "t to avoid z f> z may be ! s5sational elem5t4 ,all local pap]s %\ld be tak51 if n = display at lea/ = p]man5t pres]vation4 ,! lead+ ,london & prov9cial dailies %\ld be tak51 & a repres5tative daily f ,scotl& & ,irel&1 & ! lead+ =eign newspap]s 9 ,fr5* & ,g]man at lea/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afe4--;,d\ble ,newspap] ,/&1 ,*elsea 7,section #dff74 #dfe4 ,newspap]s are be/ display$ ^u wall /&s :]e possible1 z m ov]sight c be obta9$1 & ! economy ov] /&>d slopes1 ) pap]s on bo? sides1 is und5iable4 ,a newsroom fitt$ ) newspap] /&s at "r angles to ! walls1 & cov]+ mo/ ( ! floor space1 pres5ts a some:at cr[d$ & ob/ruct$ appe>ance1 & x is impossible = ! /aff to ?or\ghly ov]look x easily4 ,ap>t f ?is a newsroom ga9s mu* 9 appe>ance1 spaci\sness & air9ess :5 ! newspap]s are relegat$ to ! walls1 well out ( ! way4 ,! weekly j\rnals c be kept v conv5i5tly on tables1 z %[n 9 ,sections #afb-fe1 & x is sometimes f\nd advantage\s to secure !m by means ( cords or *a9s z describ$ 9 ,section #afc4 #dff4 ,newspap] ,/&s4--,! pres5t conditions ( pr9t+ & production seem to make ! broadside /yle ( newspap] a necessity 9 all c\ntries1 & till "s radical *ange 9 ma*9]y is introduc$ :i* w p]mit newspap]s 9 pamphlet or small qu>to =m to be produc$ rapidly1 l>ge /&s = ! display ( newspap]s w h to be provid$4 ,/&>d newspap] slopes ei!r at "r angles to walls or di/ribut$ ov] ! floor ( a newsroom are n recomm5d$1 = ! reasons already giv5 & because _! co/ is mu* great]4 ,!y are necess>y1 h[ev]1 9 "s cases1 ow+ to consid]ations ( light & conv5i5ce1 & ! =m & dim5sions indicat$ w be f\nd useful 7,figs4 #afe & #aff74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #aff4--;,d\ble ,newspap] ,/& 7,section #dff74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afg4--,wall ,newspap] ,/& 7,section #dfg74 #dfg4 ,ap>t f ! fact t an exclusive use ( wall slopes leaves ! c5tre ( ! room free1 x p]mits ! titles & :]eab\ts ( newspap]s to be m easily notic$4 ,wall slopes %\ld be made to ! same dim5sions z /&>ds1 save1 ( c\rse1 t only "o face is necess>y4 ,! l[] "p ( ! slope %\ld project eighte5 in*es to fifte5 in*es f ! wall1 to give a conv5i5t angle = read+4 ,too great a slope is n desirable1 z x t5ds to ?r[ ! top ( ! pap] out ( ! rea* & eye range ( %ort p4 ,?is difficulty has be5 met mo/ satisfactorily by ! sy/em design$1 we believe1 by ,mr ,e4 ,a4 ,savage = use at ,wallasey4 ,"h ! slopes "w on a c5tral pivot & move backw>ds & =w>ds to enable ! top or bottom ( ! pap] to be read ) ease1 & are s balanc$ t !y fall easily & readily into _! correct position :5 releas$4 ,^! slopes1 x may be add$1 are mu* l[] ?an ^? usually adopt$1 & a read] may be seat$ at !m & may compass ! :ole pap] ?us4 ,a small bead+ or projection at ! foot ( ! slope is frequ5tly ( use 9 prev5t+ pap]s f droop+4 #dfh4 ,newspap] ,fitt+s4--,,titles = newspap]s %\ld be fix$ on ! /&s ov] ! c5tre ( ! spaces occupi$ by ! pap]s4 ,a title-bo>d ab\t six in*es high %\ld be provid$ = ! purpose4 ,x c be made to slide along a projection on ! top ( ! /&s if groov$ on its "u side4 ,on ?is ! "n-tablets ( ! newspap]s %\ld appe> 9 bold lett]s1 n less ?an two in*es high4 ,^! tablets may be pr9t$ on pap] or c>d1 or may appe> on enamell$1 metal or plate-glass tablets4 ,!re is a v l>ge v>iety ( su* "n-tablets on ! m>ket1 & *oice w n be difficult4 ,x is a useful practice to atta* to ! fronts ( ! /&s at int]vals small bone1 metal or c>d tablets intimat+ t pap]s mu/ be surr5d]$ to o!r read]s aft] a c]ta9 p]iod ( w>n+ has elaps$4 ,a useful =m ( su* intimation is z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- - ,read]s are reque/$ to rel9qui% newspap]s )9 ,,t5 ,,m9utes ( be+ ask$ to d s by o!r read]s4 ---------------------------------------- - ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afh4--,simplex ,newspap] ,hold] 7,section #dfi74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #afi4--,revolv+ ,newspap] ,hold] ) ,clips 7,section #dfi74 #dfi4 ,,hold]s4--,!re is a v l>ge v>iety ( rods1 clips1 & o!r means = hold+ newspap]s on _! /&s1 & ! foll[+ illu/rations w describe !m bett] ?an words4 ,a good =m is us$ 9 ! public libr>ies ( ,hamm]smi?1 ,wolv]hampton1 ,leice/]1 ,f9sbury1 ,liv]pool1 etc41 & consi/s ( a pair ( screw clips :i* c be readily adju/$ to any height ( pap]4 ,^! ,simplex clips are illu/rat$ on ! revolv+ rod4 ,fig4 #afh is call$ ! 8,simplex0 newspap] rod1 & is fa/5$ to ! bottom by means ( a screw turn$ by a key4 ,x is us$ 9 ! public libr>ies ( ,wolv]hampton1 ,croydon1 ,hull1 ,we/ ,ham1 ,glasg[1 etc4 ,fig4 #afi is a revolv+ hold] :i* c be adju/$ to diff]5t sizes ( illu/rat$ p]iodicals1 by means ( ! slid+ screw clips4 ,x is int5d$ = p]iodicals l ! ,graphic1 ,sket*1 ,ar*itect1 etc41 :i* frequ5tly h l>ge fold+ plates runn+ across two pages1 & :i* _c be conv5i5tly exam9$ :5 ! j\rnal is secur$ to a /&4 ,a special =m ( sep>ate wood5 /& or easel is also made = su* illu/rat$ j\rnals1 :i* w be f\nd useful :5 room is sc>ce on ! o!r slopes4 #dgj4 ,o!r fitt+s = newspap] slopes :i* are sometimes us$ are metal lean+ b>s or f5ces to keep read]s f lean+ on ! pap]s & te>+ !m4 ,^! mu/ be v /rongly fa/5$ at ! foot ( ! slope 9 su* a position z to project ab\t f\r to six in*es f ! front4 ,!y %\ld be held 9 /rong brackets1 z !y h to support a v consid]able weight4 ,! /icks & rods = hold+ s+le or sev]al newspap]s1 su* z are us$ = clubs & re/aurants1 are n p>ticul>ly suitable = public libr>y use1 unless "u v exceptional circum/ances4 ,"o ( ! commone/ abuses ( ! newsroom is ! te>+ or cutt+ out ( p>ts ( newspap]s 7ladies frequ5tly remove !m ) ! scrat*+ ( ! po9t ( a hat-p9671 especially ( adv]tisem5ts4 ,x is well to h a notice prom95tly display$ to ! effect t ?is is a p5al (f5ce1 & t p]sons desir+ to copy adv]tisem5ts may borr[ p5cil & pap] = ! purpose on application4 #dga4 ,magaz9e ,rooms & ,p]iodicals4--,! newsroom may be made ! /ore = all ! trade1 te*nical & o!r weeklies :i* 9 any way convey news 9 _! own p>ticul> fields2 :ile ! magaz9e room1 if provid$ sep>ately1 may be res]v$ = ! mon?ly & qu>t]ly magaz9es1 reviews & o!r miscellanies1 :i* are n s mu* vehicles = ! spread ( curr5t news4 ,?is is a r\gh division1 b x seems a reasonable "o = libr>ies :]e "s di/9ction mu/ be made betwe5 newsrooms & magaz9e rooms4 ,9 ! selection ( p]iodicals & magaz9es ! same c>e %\ld be tak5 z ) newspap]s to *oose only ! be/ & mo/ repres5tative4 ,committees %\ld make x an inv>iable rule nev] to take any sect>ian pap]1 save z a donation1 or 9 response to a widespread public dem&4 ,*ur* & *apel pap]s are (t5 =c$ ^u libr>ies by _! respective p>tisans out ( %e] rivalry1 & :5 ?is sort ( ?+ once beg9s ! libr>y is sure to suff] by hav+ to pay de>ly = ! gratification ( m]e sect>ian feel+4 ,x is wa/e ( money to subscribe = ! pap]s ( ?is1 t1 & ! o!r sect1 on ! s5tim5tal gr\nds ( fair play all r\nd1 & ( meet+ ! views ( l>ge bodies ( ratepay]s 9 ! same _s z ! wi%es ( trades or pr(essions are met by provid+ te*nical & o!r j\rnals4 ,b !re is ?is diff]5ce4 ,a te*nical j\rnal appeals to all sects1 :ile a sect>ian j\rnal does n1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 is seldom read by its adh]5ts once ! hon\r ( ! fai? is v9dicat$ by hav+ x plac$ 9 ! public libr>y4 ,"s libr>ies adopt ! rule ( refus+ all donations ( p]iodicals 9 ord] to prev5t ! difficulties t arise4 #dgb4 ,! arrangem5t ( p]iodicals & magaz9es 9 _! respective rooms calls = "s notice4 ,!re are sev]al ways 9 actual use :i* all prove satisfactory1 & :i* are1 nev]!less1 v diff]5t 9 application4 ,! mo/ common plan ( display+ p]iodicals is to spread !m loose all ov] ! tables 9 /rong cov]s lett]$ ) ! titles1 & to try to ma9ta9 a r\gh alphabetical ord]4 ,ano!r me?od is to place ! p]iodicals 9 _! cov]s 9 racks z describ$ 9 ,sections #afb-fe4 ,! read]s are expect$ to take :at p]iodical !y want f ^! racks1 read x at ! tables1 & return x to its place 9 ! rack4 ,z a rule !y ei!r d n return !m accurately or !y leave !m ly+ on ! tables4 ,b 9 any case ?is me?od is pref]able to ! plan ( spread+ !m ov] ! tables1 z x acts 9 a measure z an indicator to ! p]iodicals 9 use4 ,a ?ird me?od is to keep ! :ole ( ! p]iodicals (f ! tables or racks1 & to issue !m f a c\nt] or rack :i* is sup]9t5d$ by an assi/ant4 ,?is c be done 9 a numb] ( ways1 b pref]ably by means ( an indicator su* z is describ$ 9 ,section #cic4 ,! la/ plan is "o :i* has ! advantage ( provid+ ea* p]iodical ) a fix$ place :]e x c always be f\nd1 ?\gh x entails ! provision ( a sep>ate *air & table space = e magaz9e1 & s requires a mu* great] am\nt ( space ?an any ( ! o!r me?ods4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agj4--;,adju/able ,p]iodicals ,li/ 7,section #dgd74 #dgc4 ,) tables provid$ ) racks 9 ! mann]s %[n 9 ,section #afe ! p]iodicals c be arrang$ alphabetically1 or classifi$ by k9d1 & secur$ to ! rack or table by means ( /\t cords or *a9s cov]$ ) lea!r to prev5t noise4 ,if d\ble-sid$ tables are available1 ) divisions z describ$ above1 !y %\ld be provid$4 ,d\ble-sid$ tables1 especially if n>r[1 are n com=table to sit at1 ei!r on acc\nt ( ! knees1 brea? or mann]s ( y\r vis--vis1 b :5 divid$ by means ( a c5tral p>tition1 mu* ( ?is objection is remov$4 ,except = ! difficulty ( provid+ space = e sep>ate p]iodical1 x has be5 f\nd1 aft] trial ( mo/ ( ! o!r me?ods1 t ! fix$ plan1 plus "s conv5i5t means ( ins]t+ a new p]iodical at any po9t1 is on ! :ole ! mo/ satisfactory all r\nd4 ,x is a decid$ advantage = a read] to be able to g /raight to ! place :]e ! magaz9e he wants is fix$1 & to f9d x always !re :5 direct$ to x f any =m ( indicator or p]iodicals li/4 ,if ! less popul> or valuable p]iodicals 7 plac$ 9 a rack simil> to t %[n 9 ,section #afe1 ,fig4 #di1 ! space requir$ = display+ ! bett] p]iodicals & magaz9es w\ld be consid]ably re/rict$ 9 area1 :ile !re w\ld be a ga9 9 space z well4 ,! plan ( keep+ all ! p]iodicals toge!r :i* deal ) ! same trade or subject is v advantage\s1 & has ! effect ( remov+ ! read]s ( light] magaz9es1 :o are sometimes ( a re/less type1 f ! m /udi\s read] :o wants quiet4 #dgd4 ,9 any plan ( display+ p]iodicals on tables or racks a key to ! ord] %\ld be provid$ 9 ! %ape ( an adju/able p]iodical li/1 :i* gives a complete li/ ( e p]iodical or magaz9e conta9$ 9 a room4 ,x is an appliance 9 :i* ! "n ( e p]iodical tak5 by ! libr>y is cle>ly display$ on a pr9t$ movable slip 9 a glaz$ ,engli% oak frame4 ,?is frame has a movable back to :i* are atta*$ xylonite /rips :i* reta9 ! pr9t$ titles ( ! magaz9es 9 place1 enabl+ !m to be arrang$ 9 any ord] & to be add$ to or tak5 f at pleasure4 ,?us ! "n ( a )drawn or defunct p]iodical c be easily remov$ & t ( a new "o add$4 #dge4 ,! *eck+ ( p]iodicals & newspap]s z receiv$1 & e morn+ z !y lie on ! tables1 %\ld be done by means ( special records or *ecks4 ,an effective =m ( *eck c>d = magaz9es or p]iodicals z receiv$ f ! newsag5t is %[n 9 ,figs4 #aga-c4 ,?is %[s ov]dues at once1 & enables a complete *eck to be kept on ! deliv]y ( p]iodicals4 ,"o k9d ( rul+ suffices = e k9d ( p]iodical1 daily1 weekly1 mon?ly or qu>t]ly1 & ! c>ds are rul$ z 9 ! figures bel[ ) head+ & fifty-two l9es to ! page4 ,if necess>y bo? sides c be rul$1 & s "o c>d c be made to la/ = a long "t4 ,9 ! c>ds = mon?ly p]iodicals ! names ( ! mon?s %\ld be writt5 9 advance1 ! dates ( receipt be+ add$ aga9/ ea* mon? z ! magaz9e is receiv$4 ,9 ! case ( weeklies & dailies ! numb]s are to be ent]$ numb] by numb] z receiv$4 ,an ov]due c be notic$ at once by anyone go+ ov] ! c>ds1 by simply not+ t a weekly due on ,friday1 ! day previ\s to ! actual date ( publication1 has n be5 ent]$4 ,^! c>ds %\ld be exam9$ = ov]dues daily 9 ! case ( dailies1 & e ,friday ev5+ or ,saturday morn+ 9 ! case ( weeklies & mon?lies4 ,if ea* k9d is /or$ 9 a suitable box or portfolio ! *eck+ & m>k+-(f c be done ) great rapidity4 ,^! c>ds c also be us$ = annuals1 society publications1 etc4 ,9 ! latt] case ! ye> c be writt5 at ! top ( ! column1 & ! publications receiv$ = ! subscription c be writt5 9 ! column l5g?ways4 ,if no?+ has be5 receiv$ by ! middle ( any ye>1 ! society c be notifi$4 ,b ! irregul>ity ( society & o!r subscription publications is a feature :i* requires a good deal ( wat*+1 & a c>d *eck ( "s k9d is ess5tial4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,cornhill ,magaz9e4 ,annual ,co/1 #is4 ,v5dor1 ,jones ,co4 ,due ab\t #bh?4 ,location1 ,rack #cj4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- #aija4 #aijb4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------- ,no4 ,rec4 ,jan4 ,dc4 #bh ,feb4 ,jn4 #bi ,m>4 ,m>4 #a ,apl4 ,may ,! rul+ cont9ues = #eb l9es4 ,,fig4 #aga4--,p]iodicals ,*eck ,c>d1 ,blue 7#i #f71 %[+ ,arrangem5t = ,mon?lies 7,section #dge74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #aija4 #aijb4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,jun4 #a;,jun4 #b #h #i #ae #af #bb #bc #bi #cj ,,fig4 #agb4--,:ite ,c>d1 %[+ ,arrangem5t = ,weeklies 7,section #dge74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- #aija4 #aijb4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,jun4 #a #c #d #e #f #g #h #aj #aa ,,fig4 #agc4--;,buff ,c>d1 %[+ ,arrangem5t = ,dailies 7,section #dge74 #dgf4 ,! morn+ *eck ( p]iodicals z !y lie on ! tables %\ld be done by an assi/ant arm$ ) a li/1 writt5 or pr9t$ on a c>d1 by means ( :i* he or %e c foll[ ! ord] ( all ! p]iodicals z !y are arrang$ on /&s1 tables or racks4 ,any?+ miss+ %\ld be not$ on a sep>ate slip ( pap]1 & ent]$ 9 ! "w-book4 ,! initials ( ! *eck] %\ld also be writt5 9 ! "w-book 9 ! space provid$4 7,see ,section #hi47 ,! libr>ian %\ld receive ! *eck slip if any?+ is miss+4 ,9 simil> fa%ion ! assi/ant :o exam9es ! p]iodical *eck c>ds = ov]dues %\ld notify ! libr>ian ( any numb]s n promptly receiv$4 ,! fil+ ( magaz9es & newspap]s may be done 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,newspap]s %\ld be kept 9 ord] on special racks1 9 piles1 ) a suitable bo>d und]nea? to act z a runn] & support1 & a %eet ( c>dbo>d or glaz$ cas+ pap] above to prev5t ! settl+ ( du/4 ,p]iodicals & magaz9es may ei!r be kept 9 special clo?-cov]$ boxes made to take a :ole or half-ye>'s numb]s1 z ! case may be1 or kept on bo>ds 9 ! same mann] z newspap]s4 ,9 bo? cases alphabetical ord] ( titles w be f\nd a suitable arrangem5t4 ,! plan ( plac+ ! numb]s ( a p]iodical z done at ! ,mit*ell ,libr>y1 ,glasg[1 seems a simple & effective mann] ( deal+ ) a l>ge numb] ( files4 ,?is is illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #agd4 #dgg4 ,x is n advisable to res]ve any?+1 ei!r = b9d+1 or pres]vation = a "t1 & x is wise to make up a li/ ( p]iodicals & newspap]s :i* x is int5d$ to keep1 file !m1 & give all ! rema9d] away to poorh\ses1 asylums or simil> in/itutions4 ,sometimes !y c be sold at half-price z )drawn f ! tables1 b 9 mo/ cases all matt] ( ?is k9d has to be sold z wa/e-pap]4 #dgh4 ,! only satisfactory me?od ( c\nt+ ! att5dances 9 g5]al read+ rooms is by means ( a record+ turn/ile4 ,all o!r me?ods ( occasional c\nts & ! /rik+ ( av]ages are unreliable4 ,! dem& = /ati/ics is sometimes s /rong1 un=tunately1 t libr>ians are driv5 to satisfy _! committees z to ! use made ( read+ rooms1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( a turn/ile ! be/ ?+ to d is to take :ole-day c\nts z foll[s3 on a ,monday 9 ,janu>y2 ,tuesday 9 ,febru>y2 ,w$nesday 9 ,m>*1 etc42 divide ! total by twelve1 & multiply ! av]age ?us obta9$ by ! numb] ( days op54 ,e individual :o ent]s or re-ent]s mu/ be c\nt$4 ,?is gives a m]e approximation to ! actual att5dance1 b is a bett] & m reasonable plan ?an c\nt+ ! read]s pres5t 9 ! rooms e h\r or half-h\r1 add+ ! totals toge!r1 & reckon+ ! result z ! day's att5dance4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #agd4--,p]iodicals ,file 7,section #dgf74 ,z an aid 9 keep+ ord] 9 public newsrooms x is a good plan to frame a few copies ( ! #ahih 8,act to provide = ! ,puni%m5t ( ,(f5ces 9 ,libr>ies10 & to hang !m 9 conspicu\s places1 along ) ! admonitory notices reg>d+ 8,sil5ce10 etc4 ,! (ficial appe>ance ( a fram$ ,act ( ,p>liam5t has a daunt+ effect ^u a c]ta9 type ( m9d1 & has be5 f\nd to act z a *eck ^u sport+ & loaf+ individuals4 #dgi4 ,wom5's ,rooms4--,ab\t eighty public libr>ies 9 ,brita9 h provid$ sep>ate rooms = ! use ( wom51 b x is d\btful if su* accommodation is really necess>y1 & !y h n be5 uni=mly successful4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t ! matt] dep5ds ^u ! locality4 ,if !re is pl5ty ( room 9 ! build+ !re is no h>m 9 mak+ ?is extra provision1 if ! room c be prop]ly ov]look$1 b 9 cases :]e space is limit$1 x is a mi/ake to cramp ! re/ ( ! build+ = ! sake ( a some:at s5tim5tal idea4 ,a few extra wom5 ( a fidgety or timid sort may be attract$ to ! libr>y because ( ?is exclusive accommodation1 b ! great majority ( wom5 pref] to use ! ord9>y dep>tm5ts ( a public libr>y on ! same foot+ & conditions z m51 & res5t di/9ctions1 su* z ! room implies4 ,if wom5 c use ! cr[d$ spaces 9 front ( re/rict$ l5d+ libr>ies1 & c mix ) m5 9 op5 l5d+ libr>ies1 !y c surely use ! o!r public rooms )\t h>m or inconv5i5ce4 #dhj4 ,public ,lavatory ,accommodation4--,?is is p]haps a conv5i5t place to m5tion lavatory accommodation = ! public4 ,x %\ld n be provid$ by public libr>y au?orities at all1 unless to a limit$ ext5t = ! use ( ref]5ce libr>y read]s1 or = social meet+s 9 connexion ) lecture rooms4 ,x is ! duty ( ! sanit>y or public heal? au?orities to provide ?is k9d ( public accommodation1 & n libr>y bo>ds ) pa9fully limit$ funds4 ,some:]e adjac5t to ! libr>y build+ provision ( ?is k9d c be made by ! local au?ority1 & x w be f\nd a conv5i5ce to ! public & a relief to ! libr>y funds4 #dha4 ,,bibliography ,no monograph4 ,= articles see ,cannons3 ,e #fi et seq41 ,newsrooms2 ,d #ch-i1 ,racks & ,/&s2 ,e #gj-d1 ,fitt+s & ,notices2 ,e #gh1 ,ladies' ,rooms4 ,,division ,,xiii ,,libr>y ,,"w ,,) ,,*ildr5 ,,*apt] ,,xxxii ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,dep>tm5t #dhb4 ,g5]al ,consid]ations4--,! decl>ation ( ! ,libr>y ,association t libr>y "w ) *ildr5 is ! f\ndation ( all o!r libr>y "w repres5ts1 s f> z ,great ,brita9 is conc]n$1 an ideal r ?an an accompli%$ fact4 ,! w to make provision = ! *ild has n be5 lack+1 b ! means at ! disposal ( libr>y committees h hi!rto be5 insuffici5t = o!r activities1 & ! *ild has necess>ily be5 dealt ) 9 a p>simoni\s mann]4 ,und\bt$ly1 9 circum/ances hi!rto prevail+1 ! axiom t to pursue "w = *ildr5 at ! exp5se ( ! effici5cy ( ! libr>y z a :ole is to defeat its v purpose1 is true4 ,b f comp>atively e>ly times ! book ne$s ( ! *ildr5 h be5 recogniz$4 ,s long ago z #ahhb ,nott+ham possess$ a read+ room = *ildr51 &1 ) int]vals1 su* dep>tm5ts h be5 multipli$1 & !re is n[ h>dly a t[n ( any size :i* does n make "s provision = "y read]s4 ,! object ( ! *ildr5's dep>tm5t is to provide ! intellectual work%op = ! use ( ! *ild4 ,he is taught to use intellectual tools 9 ! s*ool1 b ! libr>y provides him ) ! mat]ial ^u :i* !y may be ex]cis$4 ,usually ! dep>tm5t s]ves *ildr5 f ! age ( six to ! age ( f\rte54 ,9 a completely organiz$ dep>tm5t !re are libr>y1 read+ dep>tm5t1 & /udy corn]s2 & su* activities z /ory h\rs1 lectures1 read+ circles1 & ! keep+ ( fe/ivals are ma9ta9$4 #dhc4 ,:at has be5 ,done4--,sep>ate1 di/9ctive *ildr5's dep>tm5ts are a q mod]n in/itution4 ,hi!rto1 9 ! majority ( libr>ies1 an alcove1 or a numb] ( %elves1 h be5 set aside = *ildr5's books 9 ! adult l5d+ dep>tm5t1 & no provision has def9itely1 be5 made = newspap]s1 magaz9es & o!r read+ mat]ial = ! "y4 ,_m difficulties h aris5 f ?is arrangem5t4 ,! age ( admission to libr>ies is usually f\rte51 & *ildr5 "u ?is age1 except 9 special circum/ances1 h be5 limit$ to books 9 ! %elves allocat$ to *ildr54 ,b *ildr5 ( elev5 or twelve frequ5tly require books :i* _c by any ord9>y reason+ be reg>d$ z juv5ile works2 & on e su* occasion special concessions h be5 made1 ! requir+ & ! grant+ ( :i* are irritat+ bo? to ! *ild & ! libr>ian1 h[ev] lib]al-m9d$ ! latt] may be1 & !re=e subv]sive ( ! be/ results4 ,m rec5tly ! age ( f\rte5 has be5 reg>d$ z too high1 & 9 "s t[ns twelve1 or ev5 t51 ye>s has be5 reg>d$ z a suitable age at :i* *ildr5 may be giv5 ! fre$om ( ! :ole l5d+ dep>tm5t4 ,?is seems bett]1 & :]e su* l[ age limits h be5 set ! results h be5 good4 ,x is obvi\s1 h[ev]1 t ! limit$ provision we h describ$ 9 ?is section is n calculat$ to prove ! 8f\ndation ( all libr>y "w40 #dhd4 ,*ildr5's ,libr>ies4--,f ^! consid]ations has develop$ ! mod]n *ildr5's dep>tm5t z an entirely sep>ate "p ( ! libr>y1 equival5t 9 rank & importance to ! adult l5d+ or ref]5ce dep>tm5ts4 ,9 ,engl& ! mo/ elaborate sy/em ( su* libr>ies is t at ,c>diff1 b _m o!r t[ns1 includ+ ,glasg[1 ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 ,le$s1 ,isl+ton1 ,*elsea1 ,hamp/ead1 ,cov5try1 ,/ ,hel5s1 & ,nott+ham1 h su* sep>ate dep>tm5ts1 & e mod]n libr>ian 9 plann+ a libr>y sy/em provides = !m4 ,! limits ( ?is ,manual d n p]mit ( an exhau/ive /udy ( ! _m v>ieties ( *ildr5's libr>ies & _! manifold activities1 b an outl9e ( ! me?ods mo/ commonly 9 vogue "h & 9 ,am]ica 7:]e ! "w is f> m highly develop$ ?an "h7 are an integral "p ( our "w4 ,! *ildr5's dep>tm5t1 !n1 %\ld be an ap>tm5t z effective 9 ar*itectural "* z any o!r dep>tm5t3 well-light$1 spaci\s1 l(ty1 & decorat$ ta/efully4 ,^! factors are ov]look$ at times1 sometimes1 un=tunately1 ( necessity2 b we insi/ ^u !m1 because ! atmosph]e induc$ by a h&some & suitable libr>y is necess>y if we are1 fir/1 to avoid ruffl+ ! s5sitiv5ess ( *ildr5 :o are z jeal\s ( _! rights 9 ! public libr>ies z are adults2 &1 second1 to create t feel+ ( rev]5ce & respect = books :i* is a factor 9 obta9+ discipl9e 9 ! ap>tm5t4 ,an ill-light$1 crudely-decorat$ basem5t is sometimes devot$ to ! purpose1 & ?is may h its uses1 b x is c]ta9 to fall %ort lam5tably ( ! full possibilities ( a *ildr5's libr>y4 ,! ap>tm5t be+ provid$1 sev]al problems h to be settl$4 ,! sy/ems 9 exi/5ce diff] 9 diff]5t places4 ,9 "s t[ns ! *ildr5's dep>tm5t is a read+ room & ref]5ce libr>y m]ely1 & books are n l5t = home read+4 ,x is ?\ght1 9 su* cases1 t ! *ildr5 c be/ be provid$ ) books = home read+ ?r\gh a sy/em ( s*ool libr>ies1 su* z we describe 9 ! next *apt]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 seems to ignore ! fact t su* s*ool libr>ies are usually re/rict$ to public & c\ncil s*ools1 t !re are o!r k9ds ( s*ools 9 e t[n1 & l>ge numb]s ( *ildr51 !re=e1 :o h n access to s*ool libr>ies2 & _! claims to libr>y facilities are z /rong z ^? ( public & c\ncil s*ool *ildr54 ,su* is ! sy/em 9 vogue1 we believe1 at ,c>diff4 ,9 o!r t[ns ! dep>tm5t embraces l5d+ libr>y1 read+ room1 & ref]5ce libr>y1 & good examples ( ^! are to be se5 at ,isl+ton4 ,"h ! room is divid$ into two p>ts1 ! small] "p be+ an op5 access l5d+ libr>y1 & ! great] "p a read+ room1 ) special tables set ap>t = quiet /udy1 & conta9+ a c>efully-*os5 collection ( ref]5ce books4 ,^! me?ods h bo? great advantages1 & are wor?y ( r m detail$ consid]ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #age4--;,*ildr5's ,hall1 ,ca?ays ,bran* ,libr>y1 ,c>diff 7,section #dhe74 #dhe4 ,! ,ref]5ce-,read+ ,me?od4--,we h us$ ?is "n = want ( a bett] to indicate ! sy/em :i* limits ! use ( ! cont5ts ( ! room to ! room itself---a sy/em1 we may add1 :i* has be5 approv$ by ! ,conf]5ce ( ,libr>ians held at ,man*e/] 9 #aiah1 z ! bett] ( ! two describ$4 ,! libr>y is usually a l>ge room ) wall-cases = books ^u two or ?ree sides ( ! room1 b ) "o wall left blank & :it5$ = use z a lant]n scre51 & int]vals ( ! walls cov]$ ) baize scre5s ^u :i* pictures1 bullet9s1 li/s1 etc41 c be display$4 ,"p ( ! room is res]v$ = *ildr5 :o desire to d home lessons1 or make special /udy1 or :o wi% 7z is m frequ5tly ! case ?an is g5]ally suppos$7 to become au?ors4 ,= ^!1 small desks1 sep>ate if possible1 are provid$1 & ! use ( ink is p]mitt$4 ,ano!r set ( tables is allocat$ to su* newspap]s & p]iodicals z are suitable = *ildr54 ,! selection ( ! latt] is a matt] requir+ special c>e4 ,good daily newspap]s may be provid$--,! ,daily ,graphic1 = in/ance1 is int]e/+ to mo/ *ildr5--b !re is a real ne$ = a def9itely *ildr5's newspap]1 "o t pres5ts 9 a mann] attractive to ! *ild m9d a selection ( ! matt] occurr+ 9 ! ord9>y newspap]2 ! recogniz$ *ildr5's p]iodicals 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*1 & 9 o!r languages :]e circum/ances w>rant x2 su* 8in/ructive0 p]iodicals z ^? tea*+ %or?&1 languages1 h[ to make ?+s1 & simple 8trade0 p]iodicals2 z well z a selection ( su* weekly j\rnals z ,! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news & ,! ,graphic4 ,*ildr5 are m virile m5tally ?an is sometimes suppos$1 & _m o/5sibly adult p]iodicals are q suitable = !m4 ,! rema9d] ( ! room may be devot$ to tables or desks = ! read+ ( ! books f ! cases4 #dhf4 ,l5d+ ,libr>y4--,all ! features enum]at$ 9 ! =ego+ section %\ld be f\nd 9 ! dep>tm5t :i* has also a l5d+ libr>y1 except t ! numb] ( books to be provid$ = read+ 9 ! room w probably be small]1 & few] book-cases w 9 t case be necess>y4 ,! l5d+ section w be conduct$ on pr9ciples simil> to ^? gov]n+ ! adult l5d+ libr>y1 ) su* adaptations z exp]i5ce sugge/s to be desirable4 ,simplicity is ! keynote ( ! "w1 & ! regulations gov]n+ ! issue ( read]s' tickets & ! l5d+ ( books %\ld be made z easy & unambigu\s z possible4 ,a few ( ^! may be m5tion$3 #a4 ,*ildr5 %\ld be p]mitt$ to borr[ books ^u ! recomm5dation ( ! head tea*] ( ! s*ool !y att5d4 ,9 "s libr>ies a m def9ite gu>antee is requir$ to prev5t possible loss & to recov] ! co/ ( loss or damages1 z x is obvi\s t ! tea*] _c be expect$ to accept f9ancial responsibility 9 ?is connexion & w\ld und\bt$ly refuse to d s2 & ^! require ! *ildr5 to be gu>ante$ by burgesses 9 ! same mann] z adult read]s4 ,x w be f\nd1 h[ev]1 t *ildr5 h frequ5tly "s difficulty 9 f9d+ a gu>antor2 ev5 p>5ts at times refuse to b9d !mselves 9 ?is way2 &1 ) c>eful sup]vision1 ! tea*]'s recomm5dation w be f\nd to be effective4 ,a good =m ( application is z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,s*ool ,,read]s ,,"u #ab ,,ye>s 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444 ,no4 44444444444 ,,newt[n ,,public ,,libr>ies4 ,to be sign$ by ! ,applicant4 ,i1 ! und]sign$1 be+ a s*ol>1 "u twelve ye>s ( age1 at 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444 ,s*ool1 apply = a ,ticket enabl+ me to borr[ books f a ,l5d+ ,libr>y1 9 accordance ) ! ,rules1 :i* ,i promise to obey4 ,"n 9 full444444444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444 ,address44444444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444444444444 ,age44444444444444444444 ,date444444444444444444444444444444 ,to be sign$ by ! ,head ,tea*] ( ! ,s*ool ! ,applicant att5ds4#a ,i1 ! und]sign$1 am ( op9ion t ! above ,applicant may be tru/$ to use ! ,libr>ies c>efully1 & to 8_/h] advantage4 ,sign$4444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444 ,head ,tea*] (444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44,s*ool4 ,date444444444444444444444444444 #a ,! sign+ ( ?is ,v\*] does n involve ! ,head ,tea*] 9 any f9ancial responsibility4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,fig4 #agf4--,v\*] = ,*ildr5 7,section #dhf74 ,! back is ! ord9>y gu>antee1 z ,fig4 #ace4 #b4 ,*ildr5 %\ld be p]mitt$ to borr[ books on ! application ( ! head ( _! h\sehold4 ,9 ?is case ! h\sehold] may be expect$ to assume ! responsibilities ( any ord9>y gu>antor4 #c4 ,9 ord9>y circum/ances a *ild %\ld be p]mitt$ to borr[ "o book only at a "t1 & %\ld n be p]mitt$ to *ange x = ano!r m frequ5tly ?an once a week4 ,we desire to avoid controv]sial matt] 9 ?is ,manual1 & ?is provision1 we expect1 is op5 to criticism2 inde$1 :5 x 0 sugge/$ else:]e an ,am]ican libr>ian rem>k$ t x 8seem$ unnecess>y40 ,briti% libr>ians1 h[ev]1 h actually be5 reque/$ by tea*]s to make ^! re/rictions on ! argum5ts t few *ildr5 d any comp>ative read+1 & t /ill few] c read m ?an "o book 9 a week & at ! same "t d _! home lessons & sp5d z mu* "t 9 outdoor recreation z is ne$ful = _! heal?4 ,ano!r less satisfactory reason is t "s libr>ians h f\nd ! *ild population1 :5 n s re/rict$1 cr[d+ ! l5d+ libr>y to su* an ext5t t _! /affs h be5 unable to ma9ta9 ! discipl9e )\t :i* effective "w is impossible1 or to meet ! dem&s ( ! *ildr54 ,su* libr>ians h divid$ _! regi/] ( *ildr5 alphabetically1 & *ildr5 ^: names beg9 ) c]ta9 lett]s are admitt$ to ! l5d+ libr>y only on c]ta9 days4 #d4 ,! rules %\ld embody simple provisions gov]n+ ! duration ( loan 7usually f\rte5 days are all[$1 b circum/ances may w>rant an ext5sion ( ?is "t71 cleanl9ess1 c>e ( books1 & ! disposal ( books 9 cases :]e ! *ild or any memb] ( ! h\sehold is 9 contact ) infection4 ,a difficult matt] is :at1 if any1 p5alties %\ld be inflict$ ^u *ildr5 9 ! case ( undue det5tion ( books or = o!r (f5ces4 ,f9es are sometimes impos$1 z 9 ! adult libr>y1 b (t5 !y _c be recov]$ )\t great tr\ble1 & !y %\ld usually be remitt$ :5 any reasonable excuse c be (f]$4 ,_m *ildr5 _c obta9 ! necess>y p5ce1 except f _! p>5ts1 & to press = f9es frequ5tly means t ! *ild w be =bidd5 ! use ( ! libr>y by ! p>5ts4 ,9 ?is matt] ! libr>ian %\ld h ! fulle/ discretion4 ,p]si/5t (f5d]s are effectively dealt ) by ! susp5d+ ( _! tickets = a "t2 b we d n wi% to insi/ ^u ?is me?od1 z ! libr>ian naturally desires to h books us$ r ?an to prev5t _! use4 ,lo/ books mu/ be replac$ by p>5ts z a matt] ( c\rse :5ev] x is possible to get at !m2 & ! tea*] w (t5 l5d 8 p[]ful assi/ance 9 secur+ ! return or replac+ ( miss+ volumes1 &1 inde$1 9 see+ t ! libr>y rules g5]ally are obs]v$ by 8 pupils4 ,co-op]ation & sympa?y betwe5 libr>ian & tea*] are fir/ ess5tials ( successful "w4 #dhg4 ,furniture & ,fitt+s4--,! furni%+ ( ! *ildr5's room is gov]n$ by ! consid]ations expla9$ 9 ,division ,v41 b aga9 ) adaptations dictat$ by ! fact t ! furniture is = *ildr5 & n = adults4 ,desks1 tables1 *airs1 read+ slopes1 etc41 %\ld be ( su* heights t !y c be us$ ) com=t4 ,9 reg>d to tables & *airs1 #be in*es is a suitable height = ! =m] & #ad in*es = ! latt]4 ,book-cases %\ld be approximately #f feet 9 height z aga9/ #g feet = adults4 ,su* rigid furni%+ z t :i* provides long n>r[ desks resembl+ s*ool =ms = ! *ildr51 s arrang$ t ! *ildr5 all face "o way1 is to be deprecat$4 ,tables :i* provide ! maximum ( space1 com=t & seclusion are z desirable = ?is room z = any o!r4 ,ea* p]iodical & read] requires ?ree feet ( lat]al space1 & !re %\ld be ?ree feet betwe5 ea* table1 or f\r :]e ! space is a gangway4 ,scre5s ( "s s(t wood1 cov]$ ) baize1 %\ld be plac$ on ! walls1 at int]vals2 & a blackbo>d & an optical lant]n are valuable p>ts ( ! equipm5t4 ,any space t may rema9 on ! walls may be devot$ to pictures1 :i* ne$ n be _m1 b %\ld be l>ge1 deal ) def9ite subjects1 & be good ( _! k9d4 ,^! are ! m obvi\s diff]5ces betwe5 ! *ildr5's & ! adult dep>tm5ts1 except t 9 "s libr>ies lavatory accommodation is provid$ 9 ord] t *ildr5 may wa% _! h&s be=e ent]+ ! libr>y prop]4 ,su* accommodation has di/9ct advantages1 z _m *ildr5 come into ! dep>tm5t /raight f play+ 9 ! /reet1 & x is r h>d to refuse !m admission because _! h&s are n 9 a suitable /ate = ! us+ ( books4 ,on ! o!r h&1 /rict sup]vision ( su* accommodation is necess>y1 & ?is is difficult to provide on acc\nt ( ! increas$ co/ involv$4 #dhh4 ,book ,selection4--,a few pr9ciples gov]n+ ! selection ( books = *ildr5 may be giv5 "h1 drawn f an imm5se mass ( writt5 mat]ial ^u ! subject4 ,9 a g5]al way x may be ass]t$ t ! *ild is ! be/ judge ( its own lit]ature1 & ! classics = *ildr5 survive z su* simply because !y receive ! cont9u$ suffrages ( *ildr54 ,excell5t bibliographies & li/s exi/1 especially ,am]ican ones1 & _m libr>ies h issu$ catalogues ( _! *ildr5's libr>ies4 ,a comp>ison ( ^! is a necess>y prelim9>y to /ock+ ! dep>tm5t4 ,ca?olicity & a n too rigid insi/5ce ^u high lit]>y m]it are prop] attitudes1 because !re is no exact def9ition ( a *ildr5's book1 & any book likely to be us$ by *ildr5 %\ld be reg>d$ z suitable2 & ! v>iations 9 ta/e & capability ( *ildr5 are s great t if !re is too pron\nc$ insi/5ce ^u high lit]>y quality _m *ildr5 w neglect ! books provid$4 ,x is bett] to comm5ce ) a l[] av]age ( m]it & attract *ildr51 & !n1 by plac+ bett] books 9 _! way1 to improve _! ta/es )\t too mu* obtrud+ ( ! fact ^u !m4 ,by ?is x is n meant t wor?less books are to be includ$1 b !re are und\bt$ly books hav+ no claim to high rank :i* are :olesome & h>mless4 ,a prepond]at+ "p ( ! l5d+ /ock w be ( fiction--p]haps tw5ty p] c5t4 ( x--& "h ! libr>ian has ! accumulat$ exp]i5ce ( o!r libr>ians to assi/ 8 selection1 &1 ) reg>d to contempor>y writ+s1 !y are n s num]\s t ! *>act]i/ics ( any giv5 au?or _c easily be te/$4 ,books ( classic rank %\ld be available 9 su* numb]s t !re are always en\gh copies to meet ! curr5t dem& & at ! same "t to leave a copy on ! %elves4 ,a libr>ian %\ld nev] be compell$ to reply to a *ild t ,ivanhoe1 ,! ,la/ ( ! ,mohicans1 ,alice 9 ,wond]l&1 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 or ,! ,jungle ,book1 = example1 is 8out40 ,x is que/ionable :e!r abridg$ or adapt$ v]sions or extracts f classics %\ld be /ock$2 !y (t5 give *ildr5 an entirely false impression ( ! "w !y repres5t1 & z a g5]al rule works t may be 8extract$0 = *ildr5 %\ld be provid$ 9 _! orig9al =m4 ,a 8,b[dl]iz$0 ,%akespe>e is an objectionable "w2 ! m virile or d\btful p>ts ( ! complete plays r>ely t\* *ildr5 or are und]/ood by !m4 ,9 o!r classes ( lit]ature great discretion mu/ be ex]cis$4 ,a balanc$ selection cov]+ ! :ole field ( k %\ld be ! aim1 & al?\gh !re are /ill _m blank spaces 9 ?is field1 !re are =tunately ?\s&s ( works on ! arts1 sci5ces1 hi/ory1 biography1 &1 inde$1 ^u mo/ subjects1 em95tly adapt$ to *ildr54 ,m]e simplicity is n ! fir/ ess5tial ( su* books4 ,*ildr5 ( q t5d] ye>s c make use ( _m books :i* are n int5d$ prim>ily = !m1 & ^! may frequ5tly be admitt$ ) great advantage4 ,! intr9sic side ( selection may be summ>iz$ briefly3 ,admit all books :i* appeal to *ildr5 s long z !y are 9 good ,engli%1 h no immoral t5d5cy1 d n br+ ! sanctities ( life into ridicule1 are accurate1 & h a wor?y quality ( hum\r4 ,?is la/ condition is important4 ,! av]age *ild has n a v ref9$ s5se ( hum\r1 he pref]s x ( a concrete quality1 )\t irony or s>casm1 & too (t5 f\nd$ ^u human depravity1 de=mity & mis=tune2 ?is ta/e mu/ be c\nt]act$4 #dhi4 ,! physical side ( books is only less important ?an ! lit]>y1 a fact frequ5tly ov]look$4 ,good1 legible1 well-ink$ type1 good pap]1 well-drawn1 col\r$ & accurately-regi/]$ illu/rations %\ld always be s\ght4 ,!re is an /hetic value 9 books :i* %\ld n be neglect$1 & ?is is abs5t f ill-produc$ works2 & ! eyesight ( *ildr5 %\ld be gu>d$ f small or illegible pr9t4 ,b9d+s %\ld be /rong & durable1 an almo/ impossible condition at ! pres5t day :5 *eap ma*9e-made cases are ! rule4 ,! life ( ! book ( to-day 9 cont9ual use is at be/ only a few mon?s4 ,be=e ! ,european ,w> publi%]s 7 gradually introduc+ re9=c$ & o!r /rong b9d+s = *ildr5's books1 & x is to be hop$ t ?is desirable practice w 9 due c\rse be resum$4 #dij4 ,rec5t ev5ts h s affect$ ! book-m>ket t any rigid e/imate ( ! av]age co/ ( books w\ld be futile1 z be+ subject to probable imm5se fluctuations4 ,five ye>s ago #cs4 #f;d4 0 a fair av]age price = a l5d+ libr>y book = "y read]s2 at ! "t ( writ+ #es4 w\ld be ne>] ! sum t w\ld h to be paid4 ,x c only be assum$ t a consid]able "t w elapse be=e books w return to _! orig9al prices4 ,any o!r assumption w\ld be unwise4 #dia4 ,adm9i/ration4--,prim>y factors 9 successful "w are fre$om ( access1 ! ma9t5ance ( prop] b n oppressive discipl9e1 & ! adm9i/ration ( ! dep>tm5t by a specially tra9$ & qualifi$ /aff4 ,rusk9's !ory t a *ild %\ld be let loose 9 a good libr>y to *oose or reject z he wills has prov$ to be satisfactory 9 practice1 & to promote t s5se ( p]sonal proprietor%ip 9 ! libr>y :i* x is desirable t he %\ld possess4 ,o!r reasons = ! op5 access sy/em are ! opportunities x gives = close contact betwe5 ! *ild & ! libr>ian1 ( ! opportunities x gives ! *ild ( le>n+ :at treasures are at 8 disposal1 9 addition to e o!r advantage :i* may be said to accrue to ! sy/em :5 us$ = adult read]s4 ,! h\rs ( op5+ %\ld be gov]n$ by ! s*ool h\rs2 t is to say1 x is h>dly ev] necess>y to op5 dur+ s*ool h\rs2 & ! libr>y %\ld close at a reasonable h\r 9 ord] t *ildr5 may n be induc$ to rema9 !re at times :5 !y ought to be 9 _! homes4 ,^! h\rs diff] 9 diff]5t localities4 ,at holiday times1 h[ev]1 ! libr>y %\ld be accessible dur+ ! great] "p ( ! daytime4 #dib4 ,discipl9e1 x has be5 well rem>k$1 is ! problem ( ! *ildr5's dep>tm5t4 ,:ile ! dragoon+ me?ods ( ! p>i% beadle w\ld be deplorably out ( place1 x is impossible to agree ) ! ,am]ican libr>ian :o decl>es t 8*ildr5 usually d n m9d noise & cr[d+10 because1 ev5 if 9 !ory !y d n1 x is impossible to c>ry on effective "w 9 conditions ( conge/ion & noise4 ,too precise a me?od w\ld defeat its object1 b x w\ld seem wise to limit ! admissions at any "t to su* numb]s z may be controll$ easily by ! libr>ian4 ,mr ,l4 ,/anley ,ja/ has gone s f> z to affirm t ! *ildr5 %\ld n be m ?an c easily be 8contact$ by ! libr>ian10 on ! gr\nd t m effici5t "w c ?us be done4 ,x is a matt] ^u :i* a decision c only be made f a k ( ! conditions & ! "* ( ! *ild population4 ,cle>ly1 h[ev]1 a qualification 9 a successful *ildr5's libr>ian is ! p[] to keep ord]1 to prev5t practical jok+1 l\d conv]sation & laught] 9 ! read+ room4 ,firmness display$ ) k9dness1 b ) decision1 & ! exclud+ ( unrep5tant (f5d]s h be5 f\nd to be effective4 #dic4 ,! tra9+ ( ! *ildr5's libr>ian is special & necess>y4 ,9 ,engl& x has n be5 develop$ 9 any degree comm5surate ) ! ne$1 & our ideals 9 ?is matt] mu/ be drawn f our ,am]ican c\s9s4 ,!y require a s\nd prelim9>y education 9 ! c&idate1 a k ( ! broad] l9es ( g5]al libr>y adm9i/ration1 &1 add$ to ^!1 a /udy ( ! *ild m9d1 practical social s]vice "w1 ! /udy ( ! bibliography ( juv5ile lit]ature1 & practice--usually ga9$ by actual "w 9 *ildr5's rooms--9 /ory-tell+1 subject-hunt+1 bullet9-mak+1 & simil> matt]s4 ,catalogu+1 classification1 ! prep>+ ( attractive li/s1 etc41 = *ildr5 are all some:at modifi$ f ! =ms 9 use 9 ! gr[n p's dep>tm5ts1 & all are treat$ specially4 ,all ^! /udies premise t ! libr>ian has ! requisite 8p]sonality10 & ?is is a matt] ( natural inh]itance r ?an ( tra9+4 ,9 ,europe ?is special tra9+ c only be ga9$ 9 ! *ildr5's room1 &1 z a matt] ( fact1 is n always ga9$4 ,too (t5 libr>ians h p]=ce be5 oblig$ to h& ! conduct ( ! dep>tm5t to any memb] ( ! /aff :o might be available at ! "t4 ,?is /ate ( affairs mu/ receive att5tion if ! *ildr5's dep>tm5t is to accompli% its purpose4 ,probably ! ord9>y tra9+ ( ! ,froebel sy/em sup]add$ to g5]al libr>y tra9+ is ! be/ prep>ation t c be giv5 to ! ,briti% *ildr5's libr>ian at pres5t4 #did4 ,activities ( ! ,dep>tm5t4--,to br+ ! *ild into contact ) ! prop] book is ! aim ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,free *oice among/ books w suffice 9 a numb] ( in/ances2 b su* passive me?ods w n always secure good results4 ,! assi/ant 9 *>ge mu/ w9 ! confid5ce ( ! *ildr5 & guide !m 9 ! mo/ unobtrusive mann] possible to ! books likely to be ( int]e/ & use4 ,v>i\s active me?ods are 9 use to ga9 ?is end4 ,! mo/ popul> ( ^! is ! ,/ory ,h\r4 #die4 ,x has be5 premis$ t *ildr5 f six to f\rte5 ye>s ( age w frequ5t ! dep>tm5t1 & !re is a va/ range ( ability & ta/e 9 *ildr5 9 ! v>i\s ye>s betwe5 ^! ages4 ,little *ildr5 require simple l>ge-pr9t books ) pl5ty ( illu/rations1 & may be drawn to !m if /ory-tell+ =ms "p ( ! libr>ian's activities4 ,/ory h\rs1 inde$1 are mo/ attractive to *ildr5 ( all ages4 ,!y are giv5 in=mally1 ! *ildr5 usually be+ gr\p$ r\nd ! libr>ian 9 a half-circle :ile %e tells !m a fairy /ory1 or /ories drawn f ! great] writ]s1 f hi/ory1 poetry1 or :at n4 ,! connexion betwe5 ! /ory h\r & ! aft] read+ ( ! books :i* conta9 ! /ories is cle>4 ,su* /ory-tell+ requires special & intellig5t /udy1 good elocution1 flu5cy & ! s5se ( ! dramatic4 ,! objection frequ5tly (f]$ to ! "w is t x is h>mful to *ildr5 = !m to he> a /ory by a great writ] deliv]$ 9 inf]ior language & brok5ly by an indiff]5t libr>ian4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is purely a matt] ( exp]i5ce & tra9+1 & !re are admirable manuals ( /ory-tell+ me?od by ,miss ,m>ie ,%$lock1 ,miss ,l4 ,m4 ,olcott1 & o!rs :i* may help 9 ?is matt]4 ,o!rwise ! value ( ! "w is und\bt$4 ,! ,c>negie ,libr>y ( ,pittsburgh sets ! /&>d :i* has g5]al approval4 ,!re x is f\nd t gr\ps ( ?irty *ildr5 are conv5i5t 9 size1 al?\gh x is (t5 necess>y to h l>g] gr\ps4 8,to ! y\ng] *ildr5 miscellane\s /ories are told1 select$ *iefly f ! folk-tales ( v>i\s c\ntries1 leg5ds1 my?s1 fables1 mod]n reali/ic /ories & ,bible /ories4 ,two /ories are usually told to ea* gr\p1 & :5ev] possible v>iety is giv5 by ! selection ( /ories ( diff]5t types4 ,poems & nurs]y rhymes are occasionally includ$ 9 ^! programmes4 ,special days are celebrat$ if /ories c be f\nd :i* express ! _s ( ! holiday & are suffici5tly dramatic 9 =m4 ,! same /ories are sometimes repeat$ dur+ ! ye> because ( ! deep] impression made ?r\gh repetition1 & ! value to *ildr5 ( an intimate acqua9tance ) a few ( ! be/ ?+s 9 lit]ature appropriate = !m4 ,if some?+ new is giv5 ea* "t1 ! impressions are confus$ & dissipat$1 & mat]ial :i* is ei!r beyond a *ild's appreciation or unsuitable = /ory-tell+ mu/ f9ally be us$4 ,:5 an additional /ory is told1 & ! *ildr5 are all[$ a *oice1 ! /ory reque/$ is almo/ )\t exception a v old & well-kn[n "o4 ,to ! old] *ildr5 "s ( ! great cycle /ories are pres5t$ by tell+ "o /ory ea* week4 ,high adv5ture & romance1 z depict$ 9 ^! h]o tales1 h a special appeal to ! boy & girl f t5 to fifte51 & at ?is age int]e/ is easily su/a9$40#ag #ag ,c>negie ,libr>y ( ,pittsburgh4 ,/ories to ,tell to ,*ildr54 ,see ,li/ at end ( ?is division4 #dif4 ,m =mal lectures prove entirely successful ) *ildr51 ! difficulty z a rule be+ to f9d accommodation = ! numb]s :o desire to att5d !m4 ,!y diff] f lectures giv5 to adults pr9cipally 9 ! fact t !y are simpl]1 b n always ev5 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,lectur+ to *ildr5 dem&s a fre$om ( mann] & f mann]isms1 decision & flu5cy2 & x w be f\nd t ! audi5ce is "o ( ! mo/ critical a lectur] c enc\nt]4 ,all ! conditions ( def9ite1 cle> & accurate subject-matt]1 ref9$ hum\r1 etc41 :i* are requir$ 9 books are also requir$ 9 ! lecture4 ,su* subjects z ! hi/ory ( inv5tions & hi/orical episodes appeal /rongly to boys1 b p]haps n s greatly to girls1 :o f9d nature1 lit]>y & simil> lectures m to _! ta/e--al?\gh dogmatic /atem5t on ?is po9t is entirely unwise4 ,! judici\s use ( lant]n slides1 pictures & exhibits enhances ^! lectures1 b _m subjects are bett] treat$ )\t !m4 ,pictures ( *>act]s 9 works ( imag9ation1 = example1 (t5 de/roy ! *ild's own1 & !re=e m valuable1 conception ( ! *>act]s4 ,good discipl9e is ess5tial to successful lectures1 & ?is dep5ds ^u ! lectur]2 uneas9ess 9 ! audi5ce usually means t x is bor$1 & ! lectur] is wise to consid] x ?us4 #dig4 ,read+ clubs & circles (t5 =m "p ( ! activities ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,9 ^! ! memb]s1 :o are admitt$ to !m =mally1 und]take to read ?r\gh "s special book "u ! guidance ( a lead] :o1 ( c\rse1 may be a memb] ( ! libr>y /aff1 al?\gh an old] *ild may be induc$ to become lead]4 ,usually ! *ildr5 read ! prescrib$ portion ( ! book privately1 & at ! circle !y g ov] x1 talk ab\t x1 ask que/ions1 & look at pictures1 maps & o!r books t may ?r[ m light on _! read+ or increase its int]e/4 #dih4 ,a valuable auxili>y ( /ory h\rs1 lectures & read+ circles is a collection ( illu/rations4 ,su* collections are becom+ a feature ( "s ,briti%1 & h long be5 us$ 9 ,am]ican1 libr>ies4 ,! collection is made up ( illu/rations ab/ract$ f all suitable s\rces1 worn-out books1 p]iodicals1 catalogues1 adv]tisem5ts1 etc41 9 addition to pictures sep>ately publi%$4 ,ea* picture is m\nt$ individually ^u a m\nt ( /&>d size--#ab in*es by #aj in*es = ! great] numb]1 & #ag in*es by #ac in*es = l>g] pictures h be5 prov$ to be q suitable--( manila1 art pap]1 or "s simil> /iff mat]ial2 & ! pictures are m9utely classifi$1 & may be fil$ 9 clos$ pamphlet boxes1 or1 bett]1 v]tically 9 a fil+ cab9et4 ,sy/ematic ab/ract+ ( su* illu/rations = ! available s\rces ( an ord9>y libr>y w soon produce a l>ge collection4 ,! rule to be obs]v$ is t ! pictures mu/ illu/rate "s fact1 sc5e or object4 ,pictures f ! av]age mod]n novel1 views ( sc5es :i* may be f\nd 9 any c\ntry1 8pretty0 pictures1 etc41 h practically no value4 ,an exception may be made 9 fav\r ( illu/rations ( classic works by di/+ui%$ arti/s1 b = ! reasons advanc$ aga9/ lant]n slides 9 illu/rat+ su* works ev5 ?is is d\btful4 ,! collection %\ld be available n only 9 ! dep>tm5t1 !y %\ld also be l5t to tea*]s = use 9 class "w 9 s*ool & to read+ circles & o!r p :o may desire to use !m4 ,su* pictures may =m ! basis ( :at is call$ bullet9 "w4 ,on suitable occasions1 holidays1 bir?days ( great m51 anniv]s>ies ( all k9ds1 & z illu/rat+ curr5t ev5ts1 pictures %\ld be display$ on scre5s 9 ! room 9 conjunction ) brief li/s ( illu/rative books4 ,sometimes bullet9s are specially made = su* occasions if an assi/ant ) ! necess>y arti/ic ability is available2 attractive bord]s1 small appropriate sket*es & simil> embelli%m5ts are add$ to ! pictures & li/s4 ,x is possible1 h[ev]1 t ! bullet9 may ex]cise too great a fasc9ation ov] its mak] & too mu* "t be sp5t ^u x2 b )9 limits ! bullet9 is an excell5t device = draw+ ! att5tion ( *ildr54 #dii4 ,at all seasonable times additional activities recomm5d !mselves1 b extravagance %\ld be avoid$4 ,exhibits ( _m k9ds1 wild fl[]s 9 _! seasons1 & ! common objects & fauna ( ! di/rict1 are frequ5tly display$ ) satisfactory results2 &1 inde$1 on e opportunity ! libr>ian %\ld make ! room ( curr5t liv+ int]e/ to ! *ildr54 #ejj4 ,9 almo/ all ^! activities volunt>y help f int]e/$ p may be _h & %\ld be welcom$4 ,l>ge picture collections h 9 "s places be5 provid$ almo/ entirely by ?is means1 & e t[n has p 9 x :o w\ld help z lectur]s1 lead]s ( circles1 collectors & arrang]s ( exhibits4 ,! wid] ! lay int]e/ tak5 9 ! dep>tm5t1 provid$ x is direct$ judici\sly1 ! great] its success is likely to be4 #eja4 ,libr>y ,lessons4--,libr>y lessons may =m a useful "p ( ! activities ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,tea*]s may br+ _! classes to ! libr>ies 9 s*ool h\rs & give lessons on subjects 9 connexion ) ! ord9>y s*ool lessons4 ,su* lessons are frequ5tly giv5 9 ! ,c>diff *ildr5's rooms1 & 9 giv+ !m ! tea*]s use ! books1 illu/rations1 maps & o!r mat]ial 9 ! rooms1 & are able to re9=ce ^! ) books or mat]ials f ! adult dep>tm5ts4 ,!re is a novelty 9 lessons giv5 9 su* conditions :i* removes !m 9 ! *ild's m9d f ord9>y lessons & gives !m emphasis4 ,a pleasure is add$ to !m if ! *ildr5 are all[$ a space at _! conclusion 9 :i* !y may indulge 9 individual read+ accord+ to _! own *oice f ! %elves4 #ejb4 ,! libr>y is p]haps m directly conc]n$ ) lessons 9 :i* ! libr>y itself is ! subject taught1 & ^! lessons fall to ! /aff4 ,a prelim9>y lesson may consi/ ( a simple demon/ration ( ! purpose & means ( access to ! libr>y--its divisions1 catalogu+ & classification1 & an ex]cise 9 f9d+ books2 & ?is may be foll[$ by o!r lessons on ! mak+1 use & c>e ( books2 & o!r lessons may foll[ on ref]5ce "w1 subject-hunt+1 ! use ( p]iodical indexes1 bibliographical aids1 diction>ies1 maps1 etc4 ,!y mu/ be purely objective to succe$1 & ev]y?+ describ$ %\ld be plac$ be=e ! *ildr54 ,^! lessons are also giv5 z a rule 9 s*ool h\rs1 & inspectors h %[n !mselves will+ to reg>d !m z "p ( ! s*ool curriculum4 ,_! value bo? to ! *ildr5 & to ! libr>ies is v great4 #ejc4 ,classification & ,catalogu+4--,! classification & catalogue me?ods ( ! dep>tm5t %\ld be prelim9>y to ^? ( ! adult dep>tm5ts2 b !y may be simpl] ) advantage4 ,"y *ildr5 w\ld probably f9d ! decimal classification 9 its or?odox =m too intricate4 ,at ! same "t ! sy/em t !y use %\ld be 9 its ess5tials ! ma9 classification ( ! libr>y4 ,! foll[+ simplifi$ =m ( ! decimal sy/em may be sugge/ive2 x is n meant to be m ?an t3 #j ,g5]al ,works #ja ,bibliographies4 ,aids to ,read+1 ,catalogues1 etc4 #jc ,encyclopdias #je ,*ildr5's magaz9es #jg ,newspap]s #a ,philosophy #aj ,g5]al #ag ,temp]ance #ai ,conduct #b ,religion #bj ,g5]al #bb ,! ,bible & ,bible ,/ories #bi ,my?ology4 ,/ories involv+ ! ,gods #c ,sociology #cj ,g5]al #cb ,gov]nm5t #ce ,army #cf ,navy #cg ,s*ools & ,colleges #ci ,etiquette1 ,cu/oms #cie ,leg5ds1 ,folk-lore ,fairy ,tales g 9 #hcc #d ,language #dj ,g5]al #db ,gramm>s & ,read]s #de ,composition1 ,essay-writ+1 ,prcis-writ+ #e ,sci5ce 7,ma!matical & ,natural7 #ej ,g5]al #ea ,ma!matics1 ,ari?metic1 ,geometry #eb ,a/ronomy #ec ,physics1 ,electricity #ed ,*emi/ry #ee ,e>?1 ,sea1 ,air 7,geology1 ,oceanography1 & ,meteorology7 #ef ,fossils #eg ,g5]al natural hi/ory2 ,outdoor books #eh ,trees2 ,fl[]s #ei ,man2 ,races2 ,orig9 & ,developm5t #f ,useful ,arts #fj ,g5]al #fa ,ambulance #fae ,gymna/ics #fb ,eng9e]+ 7,/eam1 ,gas1 ,electrical7 #fbi ,a]ial ,eng9e]+ #fc ,f>m+ #fd ,dome/ic ,economy1 ,cook+ #fe ,railways1 ,%ipp+ #ff ,fi%+ & ,fi%]ies ,angl+ is #gi #fg ,trades & ,indu/ries1 alphabetically #fi ,build+ #g ,f9e ,arts #gj ,g5]al #ga ,g>d5s #gb ,build+s 7,ar*itecture7 #gc ,sculpture #gd ,draw+ #ge ,pa9t+ #gg ,photography #gh ,music #gi ,games #h ,lit]ature #hj ,g5]al #ha ,poetry #hb ,drama #hc ,/ories & ,tales #hcc ,fairy ,tales #hce ,animal & ,o!r ,natural ,hi/ory ,fables #hd ,essays #i ,travel 7,includ+ ,geography & ,descriptions ( ,c\ntries7 #ij ,g5]al #ia ,atlases & ,geographies #iab ,travels 9 ,great ,brita9 #iad ,travels 9 ,europe #iae ,travels 9 ,asia #iaf ,travels 9 ,africa #iag ,travels 9 ,n4 ,am]ica #iah ,travels 9 ,c5tral & ,s\? ,am]ica #iai ,travels 9 ,au/ralasia2 ,! ,pol> ,regions2 ,isolat$ ,isl&s #ib ,lives ( ,fam\s ,p3 ,collective #iba ,lives3 ,individual ,alphabetically by p]sons writt5 ab\t #ic ,hi/ory #icj ,anci5t ,hi/ory #idj ,hi/ory 7,mod]n7 ( ,europe #idb ,hi/ory ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& #ie ,hi/ory ( ,asia #if ,hi/ory ( ,africa #ig ,hi/ory ( ,n4 ,am]ica #ih ,hi/ory ( ,c5tral & ,s4 ,am]ica #ii ,hi/ory ( ,au/ralasia & ,isolat$ ,isl&s ,?is outl9e c be exp&$ z desir$ )\t difficulty or dislocation4 #ejd4 ,simil> pr9ciples may well gov]n ! catalogu+ ( ! *ildr5's libr>y4 ,x is well t y\ng/]s %\ld become famili> ) ! arrangem5t & use ( %eaf & c>d z well z ( pr9t$ catalogues4 ,moreov]1 ! ,anglo-,am]ican code is "h ! be/ basis ^u :i* to d ! catalogu+4 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! *ildr5 use ! catalogue1 or ought to use x1 & n adults4 ,all recondite bibliographical t]ms1 & abbreviations except ! simple/1 %\ld be avoid$2 & explanatory notes %\ld be writt5 9 language su* z ! *ildr5 may be expect$ to und]/&4 ,inde$1 a rule t all catalogu+ %\ld be express$ 9 su* language--we mean all t is add$ to ! title--w\ld be a safe "o to foll[4 ,"s ext5d$ rules1 ) examples1 :i* may prove helpful 9 ?is matt] are giv5 9 ,b]wick ,say]s's ,! ,*ildr5's ,libr>y1 *apt] iii4 ,x w be se5 t no p>ticul> =m ( catalogue is recomm5d$2 libr>ians diff] widely ^u ?is "q4 ,p]haps ! be/ pr9t$ catalogue is t issu$ = s*ools by ! ,pittsburgh ,libr>y3 a catalogue 9 divisions correspond+ to ! grades 9 ! s*ools1 9 :i* ea* division conta9s books :i* are ?\ght to make appeal to ! *ildr5 9 ! grade x repres5ts4 #eje4 ,read+ li/s foll[ ! same rules4 ,^!1 to make any useful appeal1 %\ld be pres5t$ simply1 attractively1 & be rigidly selective4 ,a few titles1 well pres5t$1 are likely to h m effect ?an li/s s long t !y fright5 ! *ild4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii ,,! ,,libr>y ,,& ,,! ,,s*ool #ejf4 ,if libr>ies are an integral "p ( ! educational sy/em1 x is cle> t _! relations ) s*ools & ) ! tea*]s mu/ be close4 ,?is is p]haps m cordially recogniz$ 9 ,am]ica ?an "h1 b !re are few libr>ians :o d n endeav\r to e/abli% a connexion betwe5 _! libr>ies & ! (ficial tea*+ sy/em ( _! t[ns4 ,9 ! simple/ in/ance special privileges are (f]$ to tea*]s enabl+ !m to borr[ f five to twelve or m books at a "t = class "w4 ,9 "s t[ns meet+s ( tea*]s & libr>y /affs are held 9 ord] t mutual "w may be discuss$ & arrang$4 ,9 a few places !re are special libr>ies = tea*]s2 & 9 "s ,am]ican libr>ies n only are !re ^! special libr>ies1 b ! tea*]s are provid$ ) keys :i* give !m access :5 o!r p>ts ( ! libr>ies are clos$4 ,"o ( ! privileges ( ! public libr>y is to enc\rage tea*]s to make ! fulle/ use ( books4 #ejg4 ,x is gradually becom+ recogniz$ t a s*ool )\t a libr>y lacks an important "p ( its equipm5t4 ,9 colleges & high s*ools ?is has be5 recogniz$ practically = "s ye>s pa/1 b 9 few b ! l>ge/ s*ools h sep>ate rooms be5 assign$ = libr>y purposes1 9 ! c>e ( an assi/ant tra9$ 9 ! "w4 ,a tea*] ^: pr9cipal bus9ess is tea*+ has usually be5 ?\ght to be a p]son suffici5tly qualifi$ = ! "w1 ) ! result t r>ely h ! libr>ies be5 exploit$ to any?+ l ! full measure ( _! possibilities4 ,!y are places :]e books are read or f :i* books are l5t1 n places :]e read]s are creat$1 in=mation dissem9at$1 or ! practical use ( books taught4 ,9 fact1 "o ( ! absurd gaps 9 our high] s*ool curriculum is ! want ( tea*+ 9 ! book1 9 ! elem5ts ( bibliography2 & until ?is is fill$ our s*ool sy/em mu/ be pron\nc$ to be incomplete4 ,am]ican me?ods des]ve /udy1 ) a view to _! adaptability to ,briti% conditions2 & su* works z ,gilb]t ,o4 ,w>d's ,! ,high ,s*ool ,libr>y1 9 ! ,a4 ,l4 ,a4 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,economy 7z %[+ ! field & its possibilities71 & ,flor5ce ,m4 ,hopk9s's ,ref]5ce ,guides t ,%\ld be ,kn[n1 & ,h[ to ,use ,!m 7z %[+ a practical me?od 9 "o "p ( libr>y tea*+71 w repay su* /udy4 #ejh4 ,9 c\ncil & simil> elem5t>y s*ools ! municipal libr>y has "o ( its be/ fields ( "w4 ,"u ! pres5t re/rict$ f9ancial conditions ( libr>ies1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to say t ! provision ( read+ matt] 9 ! s*ools %\ld be a *>ge aga9/ educational funds & n aga9/ ^? ( ! libr>y1 :i* are already altoge!r insuffici5t = ord9>y "w4 ,x is at ! same "t probable t ?is "w1 9 s f> z book-selection & pur*ase1 catalogu+ & classification1 b9d+1 & o!r details ( organization & adm9i/ration are conc]n$1 c be done bett] & m economically by ! libr>ian ?an by ! tea*]1 & %\ld accord+ly be direct$ by ! libr>y committee4 ,! !ory ( ! "w is t :ile ! libr>ian is ! be/ p]son to organize ! s*ool libr>y1 ! tea*] is ! be/ p]son to br+ books & *ildr5 toge!r4 ,"s education au?orities make special grants = ?is "w1 v>y+ f a few to sev]al hundr$s ( p\nds ye>ly2 b be=e we describe ! me?ods mo/ g5]ally approv$1 we may make m5tion ( ! v>i\s unaid$ ef=ts t libr>ians h made to meet ! ne$s ( s*ools4 ,"o is to invite ! tea*] to obta91 ^u 8 own signature1 a ticket = e *ild :om he consid]s to be ( read+ age2 to p]mit him to borr[ ! numb] ( books repres5t$ by su* tickets2 & to reta9 !m s long z he ?9ks necess>y = _! due circulation4 ,?ree mon?s is an av]age loan p]iod4 ,a second is to waive ! ticket-tak+ prelim9>y & to l5d ! tea*] a numb] ( books = a few weeks or mon?s = l5d+ z he ?9ks good among/ ! s*ol>s4 ,!re h be5 _m v>iations ( ^! two me?ods1 b !y are obvi\sly "o 9 pr9ciple2 &1 useful z !y no d\bt are1 !y are also obvi\sly limit$1 z few ,briti% libr>ies h a l>ge en\gh /ock ( books ( ! "r k9d to l5d 9 ?is way to all ! s*ools 9 ! t[n :i* might require ! privilege4 ,s*ool libr>ies to be la/+ly effective require a sep>ate /ock ) _m duplicates1 & ^! no ord9>y public libr>y c1 9 pres5t circum/ances1 provide4 #eji4 ,co-op]ation betwe5 libr>y & education committees seems to be ! be/ me?od ( a*iev+ satisfactory s*ool libr>ies4 ,by ?is me?od ! education committee provides ! funds1 ! libr>ies ! adm9i/ration1 & ! tea*]s ! actual s]vice among/ ! *ildr54 ,:]ev] !re is a *ildr5's dep>tm5t at ! public libr>y x ought to be ! c5tre f :i* all ! libr>ies 9 ! t[n %\ld be organiz$1 suppli$ & co-ord9at$4 ,aga91 to secure any success1 ! close/ co-op]ation is necess>y betwe5 tea*]s & libr>ians4 ,?is is g5]ally =?com+1 b frequ5tly is n1 = reasons made cle> to ! editor ( ?is ,manual by a prom95t tea*]1 :o writes3 8,i d n l ! circulat+ ( libr>ies f s*ool to s*ool--x is mo/ unsatisfactory4 ,i "k ! ne$ ( ! *ildr5 9 my s*ool m exactly ?an anyone else1 & ,i d n want books dump$ on me t my *ildr5 w n read40 ,moreov]1 x 0 affirm$ t ! books *os5 by libr>ians 7 unsuitable z be+ 8too adult40 ,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t ! only real difficulty rais$ "h is t to ! ex*ange ( ! collections betwe5 ! s*ools4 ,all ! o!r difficulties c be1 & are1 ov]come by ! co-op]ation :i* is po/ulat$ = ! "w4 #eaj4 ,! control ( su* s*ool libr>ies takes sev]al =ms4 ,9 ! simple/ ! education au?ority grants a c]ta9 sum ye>ly to ! libr>y committee = *ildr5's "w1 mak+ only ! condition t libr>y s]vice on _! behalf %all be effici5t4 ,9 o!r cases ! education au?ority desires to take a m def9ite "p 9 ! "w1 & x has be5 f\nd t a sub-committee1 consi/+ ( memb]s ( ! libr>y & education committees & ( repres5tatives ( ! head tea*]s1 ) ! libr>ian z executive (fic]1 w "w satisfactorily4 ,su* a sub-committee %\ld be free f ! limitations impos$ ^u subord9ate bodies1 & al?\gh x %\ld report its activities1 x %\ld n be expect$ to submit !m to ! respective committees4 ,friction is soon g5]at$ if ! sub-committee's book-selection1 or inde$ any o!r feature ( its "w1 is liable to am5dm5t by ano!r body1 & we h kn[n really good libr>y s*emes to come to grief ?r\gh su* int]f]5ce4 #eaa4 ,a grant = s*ool libr>ies %\ld consi/ ( an initial capital sum = equipm5t & /ock1 & an annual sum = additions & ma9t5ance4 ,grants v>y f ab\t #ejj to #be p] annum1 & ! am\nts1 ( c\rse1 are condition$ by ! size ( ! t[n & ! numb] ( s*ools to be s]v$1 z also by ! curr5t co/ ( furniture1 books & s]vice1 all ( :i* are at pres5t 9 a /ate ( great fluctuation4 ,a good arrangem5t is t 9 op]ation at ,c>diff1 :]e ! ,education ,committee grants #b1 #ajs4 ye>ly = e hundr$ *ildr5 p]man5tly on ! s*ool regi/]s4 ,! "w ( prep>+1 catalogu+ & classify+ ! books is c>ri$ out by ! libr>y /aff z a :ole 9 small libr>ies1 or by ! *ildr5's libr>y /aff :]e "o exi/s1 or by a special s*ool libr>ies assi/ant4 ,9 provid+ ! comm5c+ /ock1 a few decisions mu/ be made ^u :i* ! future usefulness ( ! libr>ies w l>gely dep5d3 7#a7 ! p]iod = :i* books are to rema9 at ea* s*ool2 7#b7 ! desirability ( an un*ang+ deposit collection at ea* s*ool2 7#c7 ! me?od ( *>g+ at ! s*ools2 7#d7 ! me?ods ( record+ ! :]eab\ts ( ea* book4 ,& !re are o!r matt]s4 #eab4 ,! p]iod ( loan to ea* s*ool v>ies f ?ree to twelve mon?s1 & ! small] ! available /ocks ( books1 ! m frequ5t %\ld be ! *ang+ ( !m4 ,frequ5t *anges1 h[ev]1 involve mu* lab\r1 & x is well t ! collections %\ld be z l>ge z possible at ! outset 9 ord] t !y may s]ve effici5tly = long] p]iods ?an ?ree mon?s4 ,!y %\ld n rema9 long] ?an a ye>1 z by t "t ! int]e/ ( ! collection w be mu* r$uc$ & ! books !mselves w probably be 9 ne$ ( ov]haul+4 ,x is a good ?+ to h a basic1 un*ang+ collection at ea* s*ool1 consi/+ ( ! books :i* by common cons5t are *ildr5's classics4 ,^! w naturally be duplicat$ 9 mo/ ( ! s*ools1 z ! li/ ( su* books is by no means a long "o4 ,_! exi/5ce gives assurance t e *ild has access to ! be/ ( *ildr5's books dur+ 8 s*ool c>e]4 ,! ultimate aim %\ld be to increase ! s*ool collections s t p]iodical int]*ange betwe5 ! s*ools becomes unnecess>y1 except 9 s f> z additions ( new books are conc]n$4 #eac4 ,catalogu+4--,! accession & catalogu+ me?ods may resemble ^? describ$ = ,rural ,libr>ies 7,sections #edf-dg74 ,"o sugge/ions-slip may s]ve = any numb] ( copies1 ! accession numb]s be+ add$ to ! c>d2 ?is =ms an inv5tory ( ! /ock4 ,= ea* copy ano!r catalogue c>d1 9 v brief =m1 %\ld be writt51 :i* may be plac$ beh9d a guide c>d be>+ ! "n ( ! s*ool at :i* ! copy is locat$4 ,a pr9t$ catalogue ( ! :ole ( ! s*ool libr>y sy/em is a v useful ?+1 b is difficult to ma9ta94 ,9 any case a li/ ( ! books s5t to ! s*ool %\ld accompany ea* dispat*4 #ead4 ,*>g+4--,! head tea*] usually appo9ts a s*ool libr>ian1 :o may be a tea*]1 b is m (t5 a s5ior s*ol>1 & to ! s*ool libr>ian is entru/$ ! issu+ ( books & ! keep+ ( ! necess>y records4 ,! *>g+ sy/em w be "s simplifi$ =m ( t 9 use at ! public libr>y4 ,a c>d-*>g+ sy/em has be5 f\nd to be satisfactory4 ,trays1 pockets1 & prop]ly-writt5 book-c>ds are provid$ by ! libr>y /aff1 & a supply ( read]s' tickets :i* are made out by ! s*ool libr>ian z requir$4 ,ano!r me?od is t describ$ 9 ,section #edg1 :i* c be adapt$ readily to s*ool libr>ies4 ,s*ol>s are usually all[$ to *ange books once a week1 dur+ a special 8libr>y h\r10 :i* is recogniz$ (ficially z "p ( s*ool "t2 b ?is is a matt] ( local arrangem5t4 #eae4 ,usually ! "w ( book-selection is p]=m$ by ! ,s*ool ,libr>ies ,committee4 ,x has a drawback 9 ! fact t tea*]s d n always receive ! exact books t !y wi% to h = _! s*ools1 & a bett] me?od1 at lea/ 9 !ory1 is = ! libr>ian to submit a li/ ( ! books available = pur*ase to ! tea*]s1 & to invite !m to requisition ^? :i* !y ?9k suitable4 ,?is w\ld =e/all a v frequ5t criticism made by tea*]s2 nor w\ld ! libr>ian exp]i5ce any great difficulty 9 meet+ ! dem&s s made4 #eaf4 ,! p]iod = :i* a collection %\ld rema9 at a s*ool is conv5i5tly gov]n$ by ! s*ool holidays4 ,! summ] vacation pres5ts ! be/ opportunity = ov]haul+ ! :ole sy/em1 & :]e !re is accommodation at ! c5tral libr>y1 & o!r circum/ances p]mit1 x is well to h all ! collections return$ !re1 :]e !y may be we$$ ( defective & dirty books1 repairs may be execut$1 b9d+ arrang$ =1 /ock may be tak51 & ! new location ( ! collections det]m9$1 s t e s*ool may recomm5ce ) a new libr>y4 ,b 9 ! int]vals betwe5 holidays p]iodical visits to ! s*ools %\ld be made by ! s*ools libr>ian to see t ! books are 9 ord]1 to advise :]e necess>y1 & 9 o!r ways to ma9ta9 relations betwe5 ! s*ool & ! public libr>y4 ,sometimes ! libr>ian addresses ! *ildr5 9 ! s*ools1 ^u read+ or o!r libr>y subjects4 ,?is visit+ "w %\ld be done ) tact & unobtrusively4 ,frequ5tly tea*]s pref] to be all[$ to "w )\t ! int]v5tion ( ! libr>ian1 & su* pref]5ces mu/ be respect$4 ,! bus9ess ( ! libr>ian is to supply books1 & n necess>ily to exploit !m--s f>1 at lea/1 z s*ools are conc]n$4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,supplies ,,want$3-- ------- ,book ,pockets4444444444444 ,borr[]s' ,tickets4444444 ,,p5ny ,tags44444444444 ,,/amp ,v\*] ,c>ds4444444444444444 ------- ---------------------------------- ,,repairs dealt )44444444vols4 ,,*ief ,,libr>ian1 ,,repairs put aside444444444vols4 ---------------------------------- ,,c5tral ,,public ,,libr>y1 ,sign$1 4444444444444444444444444 ,,newton4 ,s*ool ,libr>ian4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,fig4 #agg;,a4--,s*ool ,libr>ies ,return--front 7,section #eag74 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- 44444444444444444444444444444,,s*ool ,,libr>y4 ,,issues = ! mon? (44444444444444444444#ai4444444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #jjajbjcjdjejfjgjhjij ,fiction4 ,totals4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #a/ week4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #bnd week4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #crd week4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #d? week4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- #e? week4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,numb] ( ,borr[]s444444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,fig4 #agg;,b4--,s*ool ,libr>ies ,return--back 7,section #eag74 #eag4 ,returns ( ! circulation are reg>d$ z necess>y by mo/ libr>ians1 & h a v>iety ( uses1 z e libr>ian recognizes4 ,^! are usually made mon?ly to ! libr>ian4 ,! c>d %[n has prov$ satisfactory 9 practice4 ,tea*]s1 x mu/ be add$1 d n always see ! values ( ^! returns1 & may consid] !m an irritat+ & unnecess>y sup]fluity4 ,if !y c\ld be made 9 ! =m ( an e/imate once a ye> ! purpose might be s]v$4 #eah4 ,! head tea*] %\ld n be held responsible 9 a f9ancial s5se = lo/ books1 nor %\ld he be expect$ or p]mitt$ to replace !m4 ,he w\ld1 h[ev]1 be expect$ to take reasonable /eps to recov] !m1 & 9 case ( loss1 a p5alty ( "s k9d1 h[ev] small1 is g5]ally inflict$ ^u ! los]4 ,books :i* h be5 9 contact ) infecti\s disease are s5t f ! home to ! ,public ,heal? ,dep>tm5t1 :]e !y are dis9fect$1 or1 9 "s places1 de/roy$1 at ! discretion ( ! ,m$ical ,(fic] ( ,heal?4 ,"s sanit>y au?orities !mselves replace ! books :i* are de/roy$4 #eai4 ,at :at "t 9 ! hi/ory ( s*ool libr>ies ! collections %\ld cease to circulate betwe5 ! s*ools & become p]man5t libr>ies 9 individual s*ools is a matt] ^u :i* op9ion diff]s4 ,at ,c>diff ?is /age 0 rea*$ :5 !re 7 #fjj volumes 9 ! l>ge s*ool1 & no s*ool ) less ?an #bjj4 ,all[+ ! av]age "t 9 :i* a *ild w use ! libr>y1 to be f\r ye>s1 ! less] ( ^! figures provides t ea* *ild may read at lea/ "o volume a week ?r\gh\t t "t2 b x is impossible to all[ ! *ild a *oice ( books 9 ^! circum/ances1 & ?is is a v grave defect4 ,x c only be affirm$ t !re %\ld be at lea/ "o book = e *ild ( read+ age1 & t ?is m9imum %\ld be increas$ z rapidly z possible4 #ebj4 ,o!r fields = ! public libr>y pres5t$ by ! s*ools may be indicat$ briefly4 ,!y may be us$ z deposit /ations = adult read]s 9 anticipation ( ! e/abli%m5t ( p]man5t bran* libr>ies2 & ?is me?od has met ) success4 ,! head tea*]1 too1 %\ld be all[$ ! "r ( requisition+ tempor>ily any books 9 ! public l5d+ libr>ies :i* may be desirable = ! use ( ! s*ol>s 9 connexion ) _! class /udies2 & a g5]\s policy 9 l5d+ works f ! ref]5ce libr>y = use 9 ! s*ool build+ is a natural coroll>y ( ?is4 #eba4 ,sunday ,s*ool ,libr>ies h n receiv$ mu* att5tion f ,briti% public libr>ians4 ,!y pres5t a useful field ( "w1 9 :i* ! municipal libr>y may sugge/ books & me?ods & (f] simple tra9+ 9 libr>y practice to ! tea*]s4 ,z is ! case ) all o!r tea*]s1 ! /ores ( ! public libr>y %\ld be made available = _! use 9 ! wide/ s5se4 #ebb4 ,f9ally1 ! tea*]s !mselves are entitl$ to ! mo/ c>eful att5tion4 ,at tra9+ s*ools !re %\ld be special libr>ies ( p$agogy2 & at ! public libr>y an ef=t %\ld be made to place a ca?olic & fully repres5tative collection ( works on all bran*es ( tea*+1 !ory & practice at ! disposal ( tea*]s4 #ebc4 ,all ^! matt]s lead up to ! ultimate object ( ! libr>ian1 :i* is to e/abli% a natural pa?way f ! s*ools to ! public libr>y4 ,v\*]s ( admission %\ld be plac$ at ! disposal ( ! s*ools1 & ! recomm5dation ( ! head tea*] may procure read]s' tickets = all *ildr5 leav+ s*ool4 ,=tunately mo/ tea*]s see ! importance ( ! matt]1 & a prop]ly sy/ematiz$ connexion is !re=e made = ! *ild betwe5 ! s*ool libr>y & ! mu* l>g] & m p]man5tly useful /ores ( ! municipal libr>y4 ,,bibliography 7,,*apt]s ,,xxxii4-,,xxxiii47 #ebd4 ,! ,*ildr5's ,dep>tm5t1 & ,s*ool ,libr>ies3 ,ball+]1 ,john4 ,*ildr5 & ,public ,libr>ies4 ,9 ,briti% ,libr>y ,ye> ,book1 #aijj-ja4 ---- ,"w ) ,*ildr54 ,9 ,libr>y ,association4 ,public ,libr>ies3 ,_! ,developm5t & ,future ,organization1 #aiag1 p4 #ae4 ,bo/wick1 ,a4 ,e4 7,ed474 ,! ,relation%ip betwe5 ! ,libr>y & ! ,public ,s*ools1 #aiad4 ,clevel& ,public ,libr>y4 ,"w ) ,*ildr5 & ! ,means us$ to ,rea* ,!m1 #aiab4 ,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 7,ed474 ,mod]n ,am]ican ,libr>y ,economy1 #aiab-4 ,pt4 #e3 7#a7 ,s*ool ,dep>tm5t ,room1 7#b7 ,c\rse ( ,/udy = ,normal ,s*ool ,pupils1 7#c7 ,picture ,collection 7revis$72 ,pt4 #g3 7#b7 ,high ,s*ool ,bran*2 ,pt4 #ai1 ,pictures & ,objects4 ,em]y1 ,j4 ,w4 ,! ,libr>y1 ! ,s*ool1 & ! ,*ild1 #aiag4 ,fay1 ,l4 ,e41 & ,eaton1 ,a4 ,t4 ,in/ruction 9 ! ,use ( ,books & ,libr>ies3 = ,normal ,s*ools & ,colleges1 #aiae4 ,field1 ,mrs ,e4 ,m4 ,! ,*ild & ,8 ,book1 #ahie4 ,field1 ,w4 ,t4 ,f+]po/s to ,*ildr5's ,read+1 #aiaa4 ,ja/1 ,l4 ,s4 ,! ,relation ( ,libr>ies to ,education4 ,9 ,libr>y ,association4 ,public ,libr>ies1 etc41 #aiag1 p4 #ae4 ,mill]1 ,e4 ,m4 ,libr>ies & ,education1 #aiab4 ,olcott1 ,f4 ,j4 ,libr>y ,"w ) ,*ildr54 ,9 ,a4,l4,a4 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ41 ,prepr9t ( *apt] xxix41 #aiad4 ---- ,*ildr5's ,read+1 #aiab4 ,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,b]wick4 ,! ,*ildr5's ,libr>y1 #aiaa4 ,/ev5son1 ,lilian4 ,a ,*ild's ,book%elf1 #aiah4 ,w>d1 ,g4 ,o4 ,! ,high ,s*ool ,libr>y4 ,9 ,a4,l4,a4 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ41 ,prepr9t ( *apt] vii41 #aiae4 ---- ,practical ,use ( ,books & ,libr>ies 7) ,tea*+ ,outl9e1 9 sep>ate vol471 #b vols41 #aiaa4 ,= articles see ,cannons4 #ebe4 ,! ,/ory ,h\r3 ,bryant1 ,s4 ,c4 ,h[ to ,tell ,/ories to ,*ildr51 #aiaa4 ---- ,/ories to ,tell to ,*ildr51 #aiaa4 ,c>negie ,libr>y ( ,pittsburgh4 ,/ories to ,tell to ,*ildr52 by ,edna ,:iteman1 #aiah4 ,%$lock1 ,m4 ,l4 ,art ( ,/ory-,tell+1 #aiae4 ,p>tridge1 ,e4 ,n41 & ,g4 ,e4 ,/ory-,tell+ 9 ,s*ool & ,home1 #aiac4 ,= articles see ,cannons1 "u head+s ,*ild & ,*ildr51 9 ! ,index 7_m ref]5ces74 ,,note4--,"w ) *ildr5 has be5 m writt51 &1 probably1 ov]writt51 ?an any libr>y subject4 ,! ,libr>y ,j\rnal & ,public ,libr>ies issue special ,*ildr5's ,libr>y numb]s at int]vals1 & h>dly a mon? passes )\t an article appe>+ ^u "s phase ( ! subject4 ,/ud5ts new to ! subject %\ld be made aw>e t mu* ( ! writ+ ^u x is too s5tim5tal1 & too conc]n$ ) bypa?s1 to be ( great value2 b ?is criticism does n apply to any ( ! works 9 ! li/ giv5 above4 ,,division ,,xiv ,,libr>y ,,developm5t ,,*apt] ,,xxxiv ,,! ,,lecture ,,room #ebf4 ,lecture ,room & ,plat=m4--,libr>y developm5t is a some:at ela/ic t]m cov]+ ! v>i\s active measures tak5 by libr>ians to attract read]s4 ,x is n[ a commonplace t :ile ! prime purpose ( ! libr>y is to supply & circulate lit]ature--t is to say1 ev]y?+ 9 lit]>y =m f books to news-cutt+s--mod]n libr>ians increas+ly adopt ! po9t ( view t x is "p ( _! duty & privilege to create read]s4 ,( ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* ?is is done lecture & simil> "w /&s prom95t4 ,9 ! design ( libr>ies provision %\ld always be made = a lecture room ) adequate accommodation = an audi5ce1 *air$ com=tably1 equipp$ ) lant]n & scre51 a plat=m1 & blackbo>d & simil> accessories4 ,! plat=m des]ves c>e 9 its design2 x %\ld h an electric lant]n signal communicat+ ) ! lant]ni/1 & = sci5tific & te*nical demon/rations1 wat]1 gas1 & a movable electric light %\ld be br\ght to x4 ,! plat=m is bett] = be+ l>ge en\gh to accommodate a numb] ( p]sons = dramatic read+s1 musical p>ties1 etc42 %\ld be approa*$ by a door f ! back2 & curta9 arrangem5ts = x are desirable4 ,! con/ruction %\ld be solid1 & ! plat=m floor %\ld be cov]$ ) a ?ick cork or o!r matt+ to dead5 ! di/ract+ s\nd ( %uffl+ feet4 #ebg4 ,lectures & ,lecture ,societies4--,lectures ( two k9ds may be giv5--^? provid$ by societies :o m]ely use ! libr>y1 & ^? arrang$ by ! libr>y itself4 ,( ! =m] k9d _m c be arrang$ by plac+ ! lecture-room at ! disposal ( local sci5tific societies1 bran*es ( ,univ]sity ,ext5sion1 ! ,work]s' ,educational ,association1 & simil> bodies1 non-sect>ian & non-political1 :i* h an educational or p>tly educational purpose4 ,^! %\ld n involve ! /aff 9 mu* lab\r1 or ! libr>y 9 mu* exp5se1 al?\gh !re are cases :]e ! libr>ian or a memb] ( 8 /aff acts z organiz+ secret>y to su* societies4 ,e ef=t to c5tre ^! activities 9 ! libr>y c be ju/ifi$2 ! object is to make ! libr>y ! intellectual c5tre ( ! t[n2 b x %\ld be und]/ood t ! /aff _c develop into m]e lecture ag5ts1 or conduct su* "w at ! exp5se ( ! ma9 purpose ( ! libr>y4 ,:]e ! /aff is suffici5t ?is objection does n apply1 al?\gh x is p]haps well to say t ! libr>y %\ld n duplicate "w ( ?is k9d :i* o!r in/itutions 9 ! t[n are do+ effici5tly4 ,a discrim9at+ use ( volunt>y work]s1 :o are frequ5tly =?com+1 is a solution ( _m difficulties4 #ebh4 ,x is d\btful :e!r x is legal = libr>y committees to arrange lectures2 c]ta9ly exp5diture ^u !m has be5 que/ion$ at times ( audit2 b v>i\s ways ( ov]com+ ?is difficulty h be5 discov]$4 ,"o is to =m a lecture society :i* is a sep>ate organization us+ ! lecture-room1 & ?is raises subscriptions1 sells programmes1 etc41 & s defrays exp5ses2 ?is has be5 done at ,wal?am/[ & ,new>k-^u-,tr5t4 ,! m frequ5t way is to obta9 volunt>y lectur]s & to keep ! runn+ exp5ses at a negligible figure2 mo/ t[ns h acceptable lectur]s :o are will+ to s]ve ! public 9 ?is way4 ,9 "s t[ns1 n subject to ,gov]nm5t audit1 z 9 ,liv]pool1 great miscellane\s s]ies ( lectures are arrang$ by ! libr>ies1 n because !y are reg>d$ z a libr>y activity1 b because ! ,libr>ies ,committee is reg>d$ z ! mo/ conv5i5t committee = do+ ?is desirable public "w4 #ebi4 ,libr>ians diff] z to ! value ( c\rses ( lectures z comp>$ ) individual miscellane\s lectures4 ,! c\rse c]ta9ly provides in=mation m or less exhau/ive1 & is ( m b5efit to ! few] p :o att5d x2 b !y are few2 & on ! o!r h& x is argu$ t x is no "p ( ! function ( ! libr>y to tea* 9 ! mann] impli$ 9 a set c\rse1 b r to /imulate int]e/ 9 v>i\s subjects ) direct ref]5ce to books4 ,?is latt] object %\ld influ5ce all su* activities z ^? we are consid]+2 !re seems to be little ju/ification = lectures or exhibitions organiz$ by ! libr>y :i* d n def9itely lead to ! use ( libr>ies4 ,r&om lectures h a value ( _! own1 b !y are n our prov9ce4 ,:51 !re=e1 a syllabus ( lectures is drawn up1 x %\ld be accompani$ by brief read+ li/s on ! subjects *os54 ,9 ?is way lectures on topography 7!re are usually too _m ( ^!1 h[ev]71 art1 sci5ce1 lit]ature1 or inde$ any subject1 may be a direct inc5tive to read+1 & 9 "s places ?is is emphasiz$ by ! use ( lant]n slides & 8privilege0 issues4 #ecj4 ,organization4--,mu* lab\r c be sav$ by ! use ( a few simple me?ods 9 organiz+ lectures4 ,invitations to lectur]s %\ld nev] be on /]eotyp$ circul> =ms1 b %\ld be individual p]sonal lett]s1 especially :]e ! lectur] is n to receive a fee1 b he may be ask$ to reply on a def9ite memor&um 7see ,fig4 #agh1 p4 #dgj74 ,a circul> ( in=mation %\ld also be enclos$ describ+ ! conditions ( ! lectures1 ! libr>y at :i* !y are held1 ! way to rea* x1 &1 9 p>ticul>1 draw+ att5tion to _! purpose ( call+ notice to books1 & invit+ sugge/ions z to ! be/ books on ! subjects4 ,a /amp$ address$ envelope = reply1 :i* ! libr>ian may apologize = enclos+ on ! gr\nd t x w save ! lectur]'s "t1 %\ld n be =gott54 ,! memor&a1 :5 return$1 c be fil$ = ref]5ce1 & _! use enables ! ne$s ( ! lectur]s to be met completely4 #eca4 ,! syllabus %\ld give ! li/ ( lectures1 conditions ( admission1 ! h\r & place ( _! deliv]y1 & conta9 ! read+ li/s4 ,^! la/1 z indicat$ already1 %\ld be brief2 a long li/ ( ref]5ces defeats its own object1 because read]s are fright5$ by x4 ,half a doz5 c>efully-select$ titles are usually en\gh4 ,syllabuses %\ld be di/ribut$ free to read]s 9 ! libr>y2 & little o!r adv]tisem5t is necess>y4 ,a small po/] giv+ ! programme1 ( su* size t tradesm5 w place x 9 _! %ops1 cl]gy & m9i/]s 9 *ur* por*es1 & may be display$ 9 o!r places1 has its uses2 & sometimes an adv]tisem5t 9 ! local pap]s has a good effect4 ,= special lectures1 = :i* an att5dance l>g] ?an ! lecture-room w hold is expect$1 tickets ( admission may be us$1 :i* c be di/ribut$ free4 ,! back ( ^! tickets c be us$ = read+ li/s4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,lectur]',s ,,memor&um4 ,"n 7z y desire x to be pr9t$744444444444444444444444444444 ,title ( lecture444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444 ,libr>y444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444 ,date444444444444444444444444444 ,h\r444444444444444444444444 99 ,i %all use ,lant]n slides4 ,blackbo>d4 99 ,i wi% to see ! ,catalogue ( ,lant]n ,slides4 ,any o!r in/ructions44444444444444444444444444444 444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444 4444444444444444444444444444444444444444 44444444444444444444444444 99 ,please cross out words :i* d n apply4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,,fig4 #agh4--,lectur]'s ,memor&um 7,section #ecj74 #ecb4 ,lant]n ,slides4--,! lant]n is us$ at _m lectures1 & is a valuable auxili>y4 ,all li/s ( books %\ld be transf]r$ to lant]n slides1 & display$ at ! beg9n+ or end ( ! lecture1 &--?is is ! important po9t--! lectur] %\ld be p]suad$ to comm5t ^u !m4 ,cle> glass-slides ) a surface prep>$ to take p5 writ+ 9 india or ev5 ord9>y ink c be obta9$ at any photographic *emi/2 b if exp5se is a consid]ation1 a simple me?od is to obta9 lant]n slide cov]-glasses1 :i* co/ a few p5ce ! doz51 make a solution ) "o p] c5t4 ( ,nelson's photographic gelat9e 9 w>m wat]1 apply ?is to ! cov]-glasses ) a sponge or s(t clo?1 & 9 a few m9utes !y w be dry & w take p5-writ+ admirably4 ,! cov]-glasses c be clean$ aft] use1 re-coat$1 & us$ aga9 z (t5 z necess>y4 ,= g5]al illu/rative lant]n slides x is v useful to take out a subscription ) "o ( ! circulat+ collections ( lant]n slides1 z ,e4 ,g4 ,wood's 9 ,*eapside4 ,^! issue catalogues :i* may be l5t to prospective lectur]s1 :o may !n draw ^u ^! collections4 ,! accessibility ( slides (t5 secures a lectur]4 ,libr>ians c use slides 9 a numb] ( ways1 to illu/rate cont5ts ( books1 ! diff]+ "* & scope ( works ( ref]5ce1 & br+ home ! use ( books 9 a way t no o!r me?od c be made to d4 ,s f> we d n "k ( a libr>y t has a c9ematograph in/allation2 b "s libr>ies already collect films1 & ! uses ( ! c9ematograph w "o day be recogniz$4 ,! mo/ valuable projection app>atus ( all is ! epidiascope1 :i* projects illu/rations1 pages ( books1 & solid objects f ^! actual ?+s1 & does n require lant]n slides4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 r exp5sive1 & requires skill 9 manipulation1 b x w\ld be an excell5t inve/m5t = any l>ge libr>y4 #ecc4 ,privilege ,issues4--,9 ord] to br+ read]s to ! books on any subject :ile x is fre% 9 m9d ,mr ,ja/ initiat$ a me?od ( privilege issue4 ,! books on ! subject ( ! lecture are display$ on tables 9 ! lecture-room1 s t ! audi5ce may exam9e !m be=e ! lecture4 ,on ! tables is ! foll[+ ann\ncem5t3 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,privilege ,,issue4 ,any "o ( ^! books may be ,,borr[$ ,,)\t ,a ,,ticket by any resid5t ^: "n appe>s 9 ! local directory4 ,to obta9 a book1 all t is necess>y is t ! borr[] %all sign 8 7or h]7 "n & address on ! slip provid$4 ,su* sign+ w be tak5 z indicat+ t ! book w be return$ to ! libr>y )9 #ae days1 & t paym5t w be made = undue det5tion1 damage1 or loss1 z provid$ = 9 ! ,libr>y ,rules4 ---------------------------------------- --------- ,,fig4 #agi4--,privilege ,issue ,notice 7,section #ecc74 ,! issues are made at ! conclusion ( ! lecture4 ,! slip m5tion$ is ( ord9>y pap] ( a size suitable to be us$ 9 or?odox c>d-*>g+1 & plays ! same "p 9 ! *>ge z a borr[]'s p]man5t ticket4 ,! book is /amp$ & issu$ to ! applicant 9 ! usual way1 & a long n>r[ slip be>+ ! foll[+ text is ins]t$3 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,privilege ,,issue4 ,?is book is issu$ on ! di/9ct und]/&+ t x is return$ to "o ( ! ,l5d+ ,libr>ies )9 #ae days4 ,or1 if kept long]1 ! ,libr>y f9e ( #a;d4 p] week 7or portion ( a week7 = su* det5tion w be paid1 toge!r ) any co/ ( notification2 also t any damage or loss w be made good4 ,?is be+ a 8privilege0 issue1 x does n entitle ! read] to ano!r book 9 ex*ange4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! read] is n a memb] ( ! ,l5d+ ,libr>ies1 he %\ld return ! accompany+ ,application ,=m1 prop]ly fill$ up1 along ) ?is book1 :5 he w be all[$ to take ano!r book at ! "t ( return1 & !nce=? ex]cise ! privileges ( memb]%ip4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,fig4 #ahj4--,privilege ,issue ,in=mation ,slip 7,section #ecc74 ,a v\*] ( application = memb]%ip goes ) ?is1 & borr[]s frequ5tly return x fill$ & become regul> read]s4 ,! *>ges :5 made are ins]t$ into ! ord9>y sequ5ce ( ! day's issues1 & !re is no di/9ction betwe5 !m & ! c>d *>ges made = regul> borr[]s' books4 ,?is privilege s]vice 0 ext5d$ to accr$it$ societies 9 ! t[n1 :o und]took to issue & to secure ! due return ( ! books4 ,s f> we "k ( only two libr>ies t h adopt$ ! sy/em ( privilege issues2 b x has be5 successful1 & has n1 s f>1 entail$ any loss ( books4 #ecd4 ,g5]al4--,lectur]s %\ld be rem9d$ ( _! engagem5t a few days be=e ea* lecture4 ,no?+ %\ld be tak5 = grant$4 ,! lectur]'s in/ructions %\ld be gone ov] c>efully1 & ! /ate ( ! lant]n scre51 lant]n1 plat=m1 signals & o!r accessories exam9$ 9 "t = any fault to be correct$4 ,att5tion to su* details makes = success1 :ile no?+ is m annoy+ to lectur] & audi5ce ?an a fault 9 su* ?+s4 #ece4 ,libr>y ,read+s4--,libr>y read+s revive1 9 a mann]1 ! once fam\s popul> p5ny read+s2 b 9 _! new =m su* read+s are free & are ( subjects *os5 because ( _! value & n prim>ily because !y ent]ta94 ,x is f\nd t audi5ces are n only ready to li/5 to lectures ab\t books1 !y are also ready to li/5 to read+s f ! books !mselves4 ,= "s ye>s at ,s\?w>k ,mr ,r4 ,w4 ,m\ld read ,! ,*ri/mas ,c>ol & o!r fam\s works al\d to l>ge audi5ces ( libr>y p4 ,!re is sc>cely any limit to books t may be read al\d 9 ?is way--ne>ly all ! noveli/s1 poets1 lett]-writ]s1 essayi/s1 humori/s1 di>i/s c be us$2 & ^! are fairly easy = a good read] to deal )4 ,b ! read] mu/ be a good "o2 poor read+ is worse ?an none4 ,x is usual = ! read] to give a brief introductory sket* ( 8 au?or1 & to l9k ! read+s by connect+ rem>ks4 ,x is really rem>kable to note ! will+ness ( audi5ces to li/5 to read+s ( books :i* 8ev]ybody has read02 p]haps because !y revive pleasant memories2 probably1 too1 because ! read+ reveals unsuspect$ qualities 9 ! book read4 ,a m difficult1 b ev5 m int]e/+1 type ( read+ may be made ^u a subject1 :i* is expla9$ & illu/rat$ f v>i\s au?ors2 = example1 on 8,volcanoes1 ! g5esis & developm5t ( sci5tific !ory reg>d+ !m40 ,9 ?is case an extract 0 read f ,judd's ,volcanoes def9+ a volcano & pres5t+ ! ideas ( ! ,greeks ^u ! subject2 !n extracts f ! two ,pl9ys2 !n ! m$ival views 7 drawn f ,pietro ,tol$o2 ,sir ,william ,hamilton af=d$ an acc\nt ( ,vesuvius 9 eruption 9 #agfg2 & lat] matt] 0 drawn f ,eli de ,beaumont1 ,scrope1 ,dana1 ,judd1 ,bonney1 ,&]son & ,fl9t1 & ,heilpr9tz4 ,su* a read+ has prov$ mo/ successful4 ,^!1 too1 c be illu/rat$ ) lant]n slides1 & ! obvi\s value ( slides %[+ titles1 extracts1 maps1 etc41 f books f :i* ! read+s are drawn ne$ n be emphasiz$4 ,! programme ( a read+1 giv5 ) slides1 may be subjo9$ to %[ ano!r treatm5t ( a subject3 ,,! ,,engli%man ,,9 ,,! ,,alps4 ,e>ly ,views4 #a4 ,a ,lett] f ! ,/ ,b]n>d ,pass1 ,febru>y1 #aahh4 #b4 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ,dragons3 ,notes f ,gribble's 8,/ory ( ,alp9e ,climb+40 #c4 ,ov] ! ,simplon ,pass2 f ,john ,evelyn's 8,di>y40 #d4 ,w9dham's ,climb to ! ,montanv]t2 f ,mat!w's 8,annals ( ,mont ,blanc40 #e4 ,horace ,walpole on ,mont ,c5is2 f 8 8,lett]s40 ,! ,alps & ! ,poets4 #f4 ,%elley & ,mont ,blanc2 f 8 8,six ,weeks' ,t\r40 #g4 ,mont ,blanc4 ,byron4 #h4 ,*illon4 ,byron4 ,mod]n ,alp9e ,/ory4 #i4 ,a ,w9t] ,/orm2 f ,leslie ,/eph5's 8,playgr\nd ( ,europe40 #aj4 ,! ,conque/ ( ! ,matt]horn2 f ,:ymp]'s 8,scrambles 9 ! ,alps40 #aa4 ,june on ! ,/ ,b]n>d ,pass2 f ,say]s's 8,ov] ,"s ,alp9e ,passes40 #ab4 ,! ,riffelhorn2 f ,kynn]sley's 8,a ,snail's ,woo+40 #ac4 ,! ,rew>ds ( ! ,climb]2 f ,mumm]y's 8,my ,climbs 9 ! ,alps & ,caucasus40 #ad4 ,:y ,climb ! ,m\nta9s8 f ,blackie's 8,lays ( ! ,highl&s & ,isl&s40 #ecf4 ,ano!r =m is ! dramatic read+1 & ?is is ! mo/ acceptable ( all :5 x is well done1 & its value is und5iable f ! libr>y po9t ( view4 ,9 x a p>ty ( read]s1 ea* tak+ a "*1 read a play )\t sc5]y1 co/ume1 or action o!r ?an is necess>y to make cle> a movem5t :i* ! sc5e requires & ! text does n convey4 ,su* plays z ,h>dy's ,dyna/s1 mo/ ( ,%akespe>e's plays1 etc41 h be5 dealt ) 9 ?is mann]2 b ! peculi> value ( ! dramatic read+ is to draw att5tion to great plays1 :i* are seldom read or p]=m$1 su* z ! miracle plays1 ! ,elizabe?ans o!r ?an ,%akespe>e1 & ,br[n+'s v>i\s plays 7= example72 & s]ies by well-kn[n writ]s :o 9 individual mann] deal ) ! same subject1 su* z 0 done 9 a sequ5ce ( ,cleopatra plays--,%akespe>e's ,antony & ,cleopatra1 ,dryd5's ,all = ,love & ,b]n>d ,%aw's ,cs> & ,cleopatra--:i* 7 giv5 9 ?ree successive weeks ) great success4 ,all t has be5 said ( ! necessity ( focuss+ ! "w on ! actual au?ors1 plays1 & works ab\t !m by means ( li/s1 applies z /rongly "h z else:]e4 #ecg4 ,exhibitions4---,a few simple arrangem5ts make ! lecture-room conv5i5t = exhibitions ( books1 pr9ts or o!r matt] :i* x is desirable to br+ p>ticul>ly to public notice4 ,/&s on ! model ( ! /&>d newspap] slope illu/rat$ 9 ,fig4 #aff1 b light]1 & made 9 p>ts or collapsible1 ) a project+ bottom edge to support books or pr9ts1 & a wire /ret*$ ne> ! top to keep !m 9 position1 h be5 us$2 & ! walls c h run along !m a n>r[ m\ld+ groov$ to take ! pr9ts1 ) a taut wire1 :i* c be made adju/able to any height1 above !m z on ! slopes4 ,) su* an arrangem5t a mode/ b effective exhibition c be made 9 a v %ort "t4 ,x is ?\ght by "s t an op5 access libr>y is itself a book exhibition1 b ev5 ) ?is sy/em1 & c]ta9ly ) ! indicator sy/em1 !re are _m ?+s t c be exhibit$ ) advantage4 ,su* works z ,williams's ,hi/ory ( ! ,art ( ,writ+1 ! facsimiles publi%$ by ! ,briti% ,museum1 & o!r l>ge treasure h\ses2 photographic surveys2 connect$ s]ies ( r>e or int]e/+ books2 books on subjects ( imm$iate int]e/1 & s on1 c all be exhibit$ to good result4 ,simple b c>eful guid+ is desirable1 & e me?od ( connect+ ! exhibition ) ! read+ facilities ( ! libr>y mu/ be br\ght into play4 ,usually ! exhibitions c be arrang$ f mat]ial 9 ! libr>y's /ock1 b !y may (t5 be borr[$ f national in/itutions1 o!r libr>ies1 & private collectors4 ,:5ev] mat]ial is borr[$ an insurance policy %\ld be arrang$ cov]+ loss or damage4 #ech4 ,! w>n+ is p]haps n unnecess>y t ! libr>y is nei!r museum nor art gall]y2 & exhibitions :i* trespass ^u ! field ( ^! in/itutions %\ld only be arrang$ 9 t[ns :]e !y d n exi/2 & ev5 !n a c]ta9 re/ra9t %\ld be obs]v$2 b circum/ances w det]m9e ?is "q4 ,if ! exhibition leads to ! use ( books1 x is ju/ifi$2 if n1 ! libr>y is do+ "w :i* is n prop]ly 9 its prov9ce4 #eci4 ,read+ ,circles1 etc4--,read+ circles 9 connexion ) ! ,national ,home ,read+ ,union & simil> bodies1 or arrang$ locally1 pres5t special opportunities = libr>ies1 & are to be enc\rag$4 ,good lead]s c be obta9$ 9 mo/ t[ns2 books on ! subjects discuss$ c be made available 9 ! room :]e ! circle meets1 & 9 v>i\s ways ! libr>y c help effectively4 ,"o or two libr>ies h lit]>y societies ( ! debat+ k9d2 b ^! are m difficult to arrange4 #edj4 ,g5]al4--,! /atem5t made 9 ! la/ edition t all ! "w describ$ 9 ?is *apt] is second>y to ! ma9 purpose ( ! libr>y is repeat$4 ,its value has be5 prov$ & is indisputable1 b x is easy = ! en?usia/ic libr>ian to involve himself & ! libr>y 9 m ( ^! activities ?an 8 own "t1 8 /aff1 or 8 means ju/ify4 ,only local circum/ances & common s5se c fix ! limits beyond :i* !y ought n to be c>ri$4 ,volunt>y assi/ance1 if x is =?com+ ( suffici5t & satisfactory quality1 %\ld be enc\rag$2 b ev5 "h discretion is requir$4 ,moreov]1 c]ta9 good /&>ds = lectures1 read+s1 etc41 %\ld be fix$2 bad lectures & read+s may d m h>m ?an good1 & only t[ns ) _m good read]s among/ ! p %\ld attempt "w s full ( *ance z dramatic read+s4 ,excell5t & mu* to be desir$ 9 _! "r measure & k9d1 all ext5sion activities %\ld be pursu$ ) consid]$ mod]ation4 #eda4 ,,bibliography ,no monograph4 ,= articles see ,cannons3 ,f #if1 ,lectures2 ,f #bj-ie1 ,exhibitions2 ,e #aae1 ,privilege ,issues2 ,f #ab1 ,read+ ,circles4 ,,*apt] ,,xxxv ,,rural ,,libr>ies #edb4 ,! ,ne$1 & ,e>li] ,s*emes4--,until rec5tly a rural dwell] 9 ,canada1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & "s p>ts ( ,au/ralia 0 bett] provid$ ) lit]ature ?an ! villag] 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,x is true t private g5]osity _h e/abli%$ village libr>ies & circulat+ collections ( books 9 sev]al c\nties2 & hon\rable m5tion may be made ( ! s*emes ( ! ,union ( ,lanca%ire & ,*e%ire ,in/itutes1 #ahdg2 ! ,york%ire ,union ( ,educational ,in/itutes1 #ahed2 ! ,c5tral ,circulat+ ,libr>y1 #ahhh2 ! ,bi%op ( ,h]e=d1 #aijf2 ! ,dorset ,book-,l5d+ ,association1 #aijh2 & ! ext5sive s*eme = ! ,highl&s & ,hebrides ( ,mr ,james ,coats ( ,paisley2 z also ,sir ,*>les ,seeley's s*eme = ! ,isle ( ,wight1 & ! ,we/morl& s*eme1 :i* are bo?1 h[ev]1 public v5tures work$ ?r\gh ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil 9 ! fir/ case1 &1 9 ! second1 ?r\gh ! ,k5dal ,public ,libr>y4 ,all ( ^! 7except ! ,coats s*eme7 "w on ! s\nd me?od ( dispat*+ to select$ 7&1 9 "s ( ! private in/ances1 subscrib+7 c5tres boxes ( books :i* are *ang$ twice or ?rice ye>ly4 #edc4 ,! private s*emes1 effective z !y are1 are unable to supply t co-ord9at$ s]vice :i* may be expect$ f a /ate1 or rate1 ma9ta9$ s]vice2 & z a :ole ! rural population is unprovid$ z yet4 ,al?\gh ! ne$ = g5]al libr>y provision has be5 abundantly recogniz$1 ! imag9ation ( ,briti% legislators seems to h be5 unable to compass any?+ practical t[>ds meet+ x4 ,! reasons = lack ( village libr>ies turn ^u ! small product ( ! p5ny rate1 :i* 9 an av]age population ( #djj--;a frequ5t population figure = a village--r>ely exce$s #aj ye>ly1 a sum manife/ly inadequate to provide or ma9ta9 a libr>y4 ,ignorance ( ev5 ?is possibility & ! traditional apa?y or actual ho/ility ( squire & p>son1 at lea/ until lately1 to any s*eme ( rural enlight5m5t may also h be5 factors2 b1 h[ev] t may be1 9 #aiae only sev5ty-six out ( all ! p>i%es ( ! k+dom _h libr>ies work+ "u ! ,acts4 ,co-op]ation alone c produce = ^! scatt]$ populations ! b5efits ( a s\nd s]vice2 b al?\gh ! ,libr>ies ,acts 7#ahib1 ,sections #i-aj2 #ahic1 ,section #d7 p]mit ! co-op]ation ( neighb\r+ urban di/ricts or p>i%es = ! provision ( libr>ies1 ! me?od has be5 resort$ to only occasionally1 z at ,work+ton & ,h>r+ton 9 ,cumb]l&1 :]e "s su* comb9ation exi/s4 #edd4 ,! ,c\nty ,c\ncil z ,libr>y ,au?ority4--,! obvi\s au?ority to e/abli% & adm9i/] rural libr>ies is ! ,c\nty ,c\ncil2 b !re is no explicit legislative in/ruction1 or ev5 p]mission1 = !m to d s4 ,! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ has giv5 c>eful & sympa!tic att5tion to ?is problem1 & to ?is body ! rec5t rapid developm5t ( rural libr>ies is due4 ,act+ on a recomm5dation ( ,pr(essor ,w4 ,g4 ,s4 ,adams1 9 8 valuable ,report on ,libr>y ,provision & ,policy1 #aiae1 t exp]im5tal libr>y sy/ems %\ld be e/abli%$ 9 five select$ areas 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! k+dom1 ! ,tru/ees invit$ c]ta9 ,c\nty ,c\ncils ?r\gh _! education committees1 & c]ta9 t[ns well plac$ 9 reg>d to surr\nd+ rural di/ricts1 to accept grants = su* "w4 ,pr(essor ,adams advis$ ! provision ( 7#a7 a c5tral libr>y1 f :i* ! books c\ld be di/ribut$ at regul> int]vals1 & f :i* also !re %\ld be sup]vision ( ! :ole area2 7#b7 village libr>ies1 usually plac$ 9 a s*ool1 ) ! s*oolma/] z libr>ian1 & consi/+ ( a p]man5t collection ( important ref]5ce & /&>d works1 & a circulat+ libr>y :i* w\ld be ex*ang$ at ?ree-mon?ly or o!r suitable int]vals4 ,! fir/ areas *os5 7 ,/af=d%ire z a c\nty2 ,worksop1 ,nott+ham%ire1 z a t[n c5tr$ among/ villages2 & ! ,tru/ees !mselves e/abli%$ at ! public libr>y ( _! own c5tre1 ,dunf]ml9e1 a sy/em to deal ) ! ,orkneys1 ,%etl& & ! isl& ( ,lewis1 & to re9=ce by circulat+ collections ! ,coats libr>ies 9 o!r di/ricts4 ,! s*eme has develop$ rapidly1 & at ! "t ( writ+ ! c\nties ( ,dorset1 ,gl\ce/]1 ,l9coln1 ,nott+ham1 ,som]set1 ,/af=d1 ,w>wick1 ,we/morl&1 ,wilts1 ,york1 ,montgom]y1 ,brecon1 ,buck+ham1 ,c>digan1 ,c>n>von1 ,=f>1 ,lewis1 ,orkney & ,%etl&1 ,p]?1 ,k]ry & ,lim]ick are all adm9i/]+1 or h accept$1 grants = rural libr>ies4 ,! grants range 9 am\nt f ab\t #cjjj to #gjjj ea*1 & are initial & exp]im5tal2 t is to say1 ! sum provid$ is int5d$ to e/abli% & ma9ta9 ! libr>y sy/em = a space ( five ye>s1 aft] :i* x is expect$ t !y w be adm9i/]$ entirely f c\nty funds4 #ede4 ,! ,me?ods ( ,c>negie ,rural ,libr>ies4--,x is too e>ly yet to assess ! results ( ^! s*emes or to expatiate ) any c]ta9ty ^u _! me?ods2 b an acc\nt ( ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,tru/'s own s*eme = ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& may be tak5 z typical1 because1 ) ! necess>y v>iations impos$1 or consid]$ desirable1 9 ! v>i\s c\nty s*emes1 x is ! /&>d = !m all4 #edf4 ,! ,c5tral ,repository4--,at ! c5tral repository ! books are collect$1 classifi$1 catalogu$1 dispat*$ & receiv$2 & accommodation suffici5t = ^! purposes is provid$4 ,! ext5t ( ! initial /ock1 :i* is int5d$ lat] to be fully repres5tative ( ,engli% & translat$ =eign lit]ature1 lit]ature 9 ,gaelic1 local indu/ries1 sci5ce1 hi/ory & topography1 is su* z to provide a collection ( ab\t sev5ty-five books = ea* c5tre to be s]v$2 & ! travell+ collections consi/ 9 equal proportions ( g5]al works1 fiction = adult read]s1 & lit]ature = *ildr54 ,lat]1 h[ev]1 ! selection w be influ5c$ l>gely by ! dem&s made by ! local libr>ians4 ,9 ! fir/ case collections 7 ex*ang$ twice ye>ly4 ,c]ta9 curr5t p]iodicals1 n returnable1 7 also s5t out 9 boxes4 ,,accession4--,a slip sugge/ions record is us$1 "o slip be+ writt5 = ea* title2 & f ?is ! ord] li/ is compil$4 ,bo? ord] & slips are /amp$ ) ! date ( ! ord]1 & :5 ! books are receiv$ & f\nd to be correct ! slips are /amp$ ) ! date ( receipt4 ,! slips are !n fil$ to =m a cont9u\s catalogue ( accessions4 ,accession+ is done ! ord9>y way2 all books are /amp$ ?r\gh\t ) a rubb]-/amp impression ( ! "n ( ! ,tru/2 & ! bo>d label reads ?us3 ---------------------------------------- ,,rural ,,libr>ies4 ,read]s are reque/$ to take great c>e ( ! books :ile 9 _! possession1 & to po9t out any defect !y may notice 9 !m to ! libr>ian4 ,all books %\ld be return$ to ! ,libr>y )9 #ad days f date ( issue2 b an ext5sion ( ! p]iod ( loan w be grant$ :5 desir$4 ---------------------------------------- ,,fig4 #aha4--,rural ,libr>y ,bo>d ,label 7,section #edf74 ,,classification4--,! ,decimal classification is us$1 to two places = g5]al works1 & to f\r places = works on specific subjects2 ?is enables a fairly m9ute arrangem5t4 ,! common adju/m5ts are made ( remov+ ,fiction & ,biography f #ijj1 & arrang+ ! =m] 9 alphabetical-au?or ord]1 & ! latt] alphabetically by p]sons biograph$4 ,,catalogu+4--,a simple =m ( classifi$ catalogue1 ) au?or & subject indexes1 is us$2 & ! date ( publication is omitt$ f ! bibliographical p>ticul>s1 z ! late/ editions are always to be presum$4 ,complete catalogues 9 ?is =m are ev5tually to be s5t to all c5tres1 b mean:ile sep>ate typ$ li/s1 cov]+ ea* collection1 are s5t out ) ! collection4 ,,c5tral ,,*>g+4--,! me?od ( *>g+ books to ! v>i\s c5tres is simple4 ,a c>d index 9 ! usual =m is drawn ^u1 ! c>ds = ea* consignm5t ( books be+ ab/ract$ & plac$ beh9d a guide be>+ ! "n ( ! c5tre4 ,a date guide is ins]t$ :5 ! dispat* is made1 & ! 8deliv]ies index0 ?us made =ms a conv5i5t guide to ! books at any giv5 c5tre1 &1 ( c\rse1 is a means by :i* return$ books are *eck$4 ,,dispat*es4--,books are dispat*$ 9 boxes1 specially con/ruct$ 9 deal1 #ah #ab #ab in*es inside measurem5ts1 :i* hold ab\t =ty-five volumes4 ,!y are b&$ ) hoop iron1 :i* is secur$ by screw-9 iron bolts1 & iron b>s1 screw+ ) nuts to ! bolts1 secure ! lid4 ,! int]ior is l9$ ) wat]pro( pap]2 & flu% h&les are fitt$ to ea* box4 ,! design is int5d$ to meet ! v r\gh usage probable 9 transit to remote di/ricts4 ,9 ord9>y rural s]vice a mu* light] box1 ( ?ree-ply wood1 has be5 f\nd to be q suitable4 ,x is probably bett]1 too1 to h small] boxes1 z ! h&l+ ( heavy boxes ( books is a difficulty = bo? c>ri] & libr>ian4 #edg4 ,! ,village ,c5tres4--,,local ,,adm9i/ration4--,! local adm9i/ration ( ! libr>ies is 9 ! h&s ( c5tral committees =m$ ( memb]s ( second>y education & libr>y committees1 & o!r int]e/$ p1 ) ! libr>ians ( ! t[ns 9 ! area z secret>ies4 ,^! committees cov] ea* a numb] ( p>i%es1 & = ! imm$iate sup]vision ( ! p>i%es local sub-committees ( memb]s ( s*ool bo>ds1 tea*]s1 etc41 h be5 =m$1 & ( ^! ! s*oolma/] is g5]ally ! secret>y & local cu/odian ( ! books4 ,^! committees advise on book requirem5ts & on su* matt]s z %elv+1 etc42 c5tral committees are also expect$ to raise ! small funds = ! conveyance ( ! books4 ,! av]age libr>y f9ds accommodation 9 ! s*ools1 & p]man5t collections1 :i* include ! m exp5sive & g5]al ref]5ce books1 are deposit$ 9 village in/itutes & exi/+ ,c>negie public libr>ies4 ,s*ools requir+ %elves are suppli$ ) deal cases1 hav+ five adju/able %elves1 & a book-capacity ( #aej volumes4 ,,*>g+4--,! record ( /ock 9 use at ! c5tres is on c>ds :i* are s5t out 9 _! c>d-case f ! c5tral repository4 ,^! c>d-cases are ( clo? ov] /rawbo>d1 hold approximately #aej c>ds1 are #h #e in*es 9 size1 & are made 9 ! %ape ( an ord9>y squ>e-back$ book-cov]1 ) eyelet holes bel[ ! h+e ?r\gh :i* cords are lac$ on :i* ! c>ds are secur$4 ,inside ^! cases ! c>ds = ea* consignm5t ( books are arrang$ 9 classifi$ ord]4 ,! c>d us$ is z %[n on page #dhb 7,figs4 #ahb & #ahc74 ,:5 books are receiv$ at ! local c5tre ! libr>ian *ecks !m ) ! c>ds & arranges !m 9 ! ord] ( ! c>ds on ! %elves4 ,! *>g+ me?od is obvi\s4 ,! *>ge is made "u ! "n ( ! au?or1 p>ticul>s ( read]s & date ( issue & return be+ ent]$ 9 ! appropriate columns1 ! ^w 8adult0 be+ writt5 9 ! age column = read]s obvi\sly ov] tw5ty-"o4 ,! *>ges are return$ to ! repository at ! ex*ange p]iods1 & ^! enable /ati/ics to be made4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,libr>y 444444444444444444444444444444 ,book ,no4 4444444444 ,au?or 4444444444444444444444444444444 ,c>d ,no4 4444444444 ,title 44444444444444444444444444444444 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,date ,borr[$4 ,date ,return$4 ,"n ( ,read]4,age4,occupation4---------------- --------- ,day4,m?4 ,yr4,day4,m?4 ,yr4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,cont9ue on o!r side ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ,,fig4 #ahb4--;,front ( ,*>g+ ,c>d--,c>negie ,rural ,libr>y ,s*eme4 ,! size is #g #d in*es4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,date ,borr[$4 ,date ,return$4 ,"n ( ,read]4,age4,occupation4---------------- --------- ,day4,m?4 ,yr4,day4,m?4 ,yr4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,don't write bel[ ?is l9e4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------- ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,fig4 #ahc4--;,back ( ,c>negie ,*>g+ ,c>d4 #edh4 ,museum ( ,rural ,libr>y ,appliances4--,! above are1 9 brief1 ! *ief features ( ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& s*eme1 :i* seems to be s]v+ its purpose admirably2 & 9 connexion ) x ! ,tru/ is build+ up at ,dunf]ml9e a small museum ( rural libr>y appliances1 to include diff]5t types ( boxes1 =ms1 & o!r ma*9]y tri$ 9 ! v>i\s c5tres4 ,?is valuable "w w 9 "t furni% libr>ians ) a consid]able am\nt ( important & useful data4 #edi4 ,o!r ,s*emes4--,z ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& s*eme is cont9u+ 9 ! control ( ! ,c>negie ,tru/1 x is on a r diff]5t foot+ f ! c\nty s*emes1 :i* are 9 ! control ( ! c\nty education committee4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 ! me?ods are ! same4 ,!re is a c5tral repository :]e books are select$1 catalogu$1 dispat*$1 & ov]haul$ on return1 & :]e read+ c\rses1 special catalogues1 etc41 may be prep>$2 inde$1 :5ce skill$ advice & assi/ance may be drawn by all ! village c5tres4 ,&1 z recomm5d$ by ,pr(essor ,adams1 local village s*ools are ! deposit c5tres1 ) s*oolma/]s z a rule = libr>ians4 ,! small] t[ns h 9 "s places made arrangem5ts by :i* !y amalgamate or co-op]ate ) c\nty s*emes1 b ! l>g] t[ns usually "w indep5d5tly4 ,a r\gh e/imate ( ! co/ ( an actual rural libr>y s*eme f\nd$ on a ,c>negie grant may be giv53 ,capital exp5diture3 ,repository1 build+ #hjj ,books #bajj ,boxes #adj ,accessories #ajj ,initial cl]ical lab\r #ajj ---- #cbdj ,annual exp5diture3 ,sal>y ( libr>ian #ahj ,cl]ical assi/ance #ej ,heat+1 light+1 clean+ #ej ,rates & taxes #be ,c>riage ( books #ajj ,repairs1 etc4 #be ---- #dcj ,ultimate additional annual co/3 ,repairs & r5ewals #afj ---- #afj ---- #eij ,?us ! annual co/ ( ! s*eme aft] ! initial exp5ses h be5 met is reckon$ at #eij1 b ! sal>y all[$ "h is inadequate4 ,x is at ?is po9t t ! legal p[]s ( ! ,c\nty ,c\ncils may be te/$4 ,x is difficult to imag9e ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d auditor rul+ t !y _c provide su* libr>y ma9t5ance out ( education funds because ! ,education ,act ( #aiah does n m5tion x 7al?\gh ! ,scotti% ,act ( #aiah does1 & p]mits x71 b ! matt] has n be5 que/ion$ yet4 #eej4 ,g5]al ,consid]ations4--,e libr>ian w see ! pot5tialities ( ?is "w1 z complet+ 9 a l>ge measure ! public libr>y sy/em ( ! c\ntry2 moreov]1 its rapid & successful developm5t is an e>ne/ ( ! imm5se future ( libr>ies z a :ole4 ,by co-ord9at+ ?is village "w ) su* educational ag5cies z ,univ]sity ,ext5sion1 & ! ,work]s' ,educational ,association1 x w be possible to give to rural life _m ( ! intellectual advantages hi!rto exclusively ! possession1 = ! non-weal?y classes1 ( t[n life1 & ?is at a "t :5 settlem5t on ! l& is proce$+ apace4 ,mean:ile ! sup]vis+ rural libr>ian may make regul> visits ?r\gh\t 8 area1 9 :i* he w give advice on read+1 demon/rations 9 ! use & c>e ( books1 & ex]cise ! und\bt$ opportunities he w h ( br++ p ( l intellectual pursuits1 b 9 diff]5t villages1 into t\* ) "o ano!r4 ,all ?is presupposes ! exi/5ce ( a pr(essional libr>ian 9 control ( ! entire s*eme4 ,an initial mi/ake has be5 made 9 "s c\nties 9 appo9t+ tea*]s to ?is position1 on ! !ory1 no d\bt1 t ! tra9+ ( tea*]s is a v suitable basis = "w ) libr>ies :i* are locally adm9i/]$ by tea*]s4 ,x may be s--! evid5ce is n yet =?com+--b we d n ?9k s4 ,libr>y organization1 especially at ! outset1 dem&s ! speciali/1 & ! libr>ian diff]s radically 9 tra9+ & m5tal attitude f ! tea*]4 ,fur!r1 ! sal>ies hi!rto (f]$ h rang$ f #aej to #cjj p] annum--h 9 only "o case rea*$ ! high] figure--& ^! sums mu/ be augm5t$ consid]ably if ! rural libr>ies are to attract & reta9 ! libr>ians !y really ne$4 #eea4 ,,bibliography ,adams1 ,w4 ,g4 ,s4 ,report on ,libr>y ,provision & ,policy1 #aiae4 ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/4 ,annual ,report1 #aiae to date4 ,f>r1 ,h>ry4 ,libr>ies 9 ! ,rural ,di/ricts1 #aiji4 ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association ,s]ies1 #b4 ,he!r+ton1 ,a4 ,l4 ,rural ,libr>ies1 #aiaf4 ,m9i/ry ( ,recon/ruction4 ,?ird ,int]im ,report ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee3 ,libr>ies & ,museums1 #aiai1 p4 #g4 ,wynkoop1 ,asa4 ,commissions1 ,/ate ,aid & ,ag5cies4 ,9 ,a4,l4,a4 ,man4 ( ,lib4 ,econ41 ,prepr9t ( *apt] xxvii41 #aiac4 ,= articles see ,cannons3 ,f #c1 ,village ,libr>ies2 ,f #d1 ,travell+ ,libr>ies4 ,,division ,,xv ,,museums ,,& ,,art ,,gall]ies ,,*apt] ,,xxxvi ,,museums ,,& ,,art ,,gall]ies #eeb4 ,!re are museums ( all k9ds 9 exi/5ce1 "s ( !m ( _w-wide importance1 & !y may be r\ghly classifi$ into ! foll[+ gr\ps3 ,,g5]al ,,museums4--,^! are collections ( a miscellane\s k9d1 compris+ art1 sci5ce1 ar*ological & o!r objects1 & aim+ m or less at univ]sality4 ,! ,briti% ,museum 0 at "o "t a univ]sal collection1 b s9ce x 0 divid$ into art1 e?nological1 natural hi/ory & indu/rial dep>tm5ts1 x no long] =ms a g5]al collection "u "o ro(4 ,soane's ,museum 9 ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields1 ,london1 is a g5]al museum1 & !re are _m o!rs 9 ! prov9ces4 ,,national ,,museums4--,collections illu/rative ( ! arts1 manufactures1 antiquities1 lit]ature & hi/ory ( a nation4 ,^! range 9 ext5t f ! great ,g]man1 ,hung>ian & ,fr5* museums1 d[n to museums ( national antiquities1 l ^? ( ! ,societies ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,engl&1 ,scotl& & ,irel&4 ,,sci5ce ,,museums4--,compris+ ,anatomical1 ,botanical1 ,geological1 ,*emical1 ,physical1 ,g5]al ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,a/ronomical1 ,e?nological & o!r v>ieties4 ,typical examples are ! ,hunt]ian ,museum ( ,anatomy at ! ,royal ,college ( ,surgeons1 ,london2 ! ,h]b>ium at ,kew2 ! ,museum ( ,practical ,geology2 ! ,ph>maceutical ,society2 ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton2 ! ,unit$ ,s]vice ,museum 7,naval & ,milit>y7 at ,:itehall2 & ! hi/orical collections ( ! ,briti% ,museum :i* include ,e?nology4 ,,local ,,museums4--,^! are to be f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 & !y usually s]ve to illu/rate & pres]ve ! natural hi/ory & antiquities ( a p>ticul> di/rict2 & !y diff] f national museums1 9 be+ re/rict$ to a p>ticul> locality4 ,,special ,,museums4--,( ^! !re is practically no end4 ,!y h be5 =m$ to illu/rate c]ta9 re/rict$ dep>tm5ts ( sci5ce1 art or hi/ory1 su* z ,hygi5e1 ,numismatics1 ,wat*-mak+1 ,h]aldry1 ,co/ume1 etc41 & !y resemble exhibitions ( a special k9d1 save t !y are p]man5t4 #eec4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a museum is a collection ( ! objects :i* g t[>ds ! =mation ( a subject1 j z a libr>y is a collection ( ! lit]ature connect$ ) a subject or subjects4 ,! museum is necess>y to ! mat]ial conception ( a subject1 j z lit]ature is ess5tial z ! p]man5t record ( ! subject4 ,= example1 9 trac+ ! evolution ( ! pr9t$ book f its manuscript =ms1 "o c =m an idea ( ! appe>ance ( su* books by read+ up ! relative lit]ature1 & exam9+ a few facsimiles1 & s on2 b1 9 ord] to realize 9 a p]fect way ! aspect1 atmosph]e & details ( e>ly writ+ & pr9t+1 "o mu/ g to ! great exhibitions or museums ( su* books at ! ,briti% ,museum or ,john ,ryl&s ,libr>y1 ,man*e/]4 ,x is ! same ) ma*9]y4 ,:ile a diagram ( a ma*9e z x appe>s 9 a book may be compreh5sible to a few specially educat$ m9ds1 x w\ld be a m]e puzzle to an ord9>y human be+ unless he c\ld g to a museum l t at ,s\? ,k5s+ton & see a work+ model ( ! ma*9e 9 op]ation4 ,he c\ld !n realize 9 a practical & concrete way ! m]ely graphic or !oretical view af=d$ by ! book4 #eed4 ,all ! great ,/ate museums 9 ! c\ntry h be5 e/abli%$ "u ! provisions ( special ,acts ( ,p>liam5t4 ,"s ( ^!1 l ! v>i\s acts e/abli%+ ! ,briti% ,museum1 date f ! eighte5? c5tury1 :ile o!rs are mu* m rec5t4 ,x is n propos$ to deal ) ! legislation & hi/ory ( ! ,/ate museums1 nor is x necess>y to d m ?an describe1 lat] on1 _! relations ) ! municipal museums :i* may n[ be consid]$4 #eee4 ,9 #ahde 0 pass$ ! fir/ ,museums ,act 7#h #i ,vict41 c4 #dc7 8= enc\rag+ ! e/abli%m5t ( museums 9 l>ge t[ns10 "u :i* ! local au?orities ( t[ns ov] #aj1jjj ( population 7 p]mitt$ to erect museums & levy a halfp5ny rate4 ,no specim5s c\ld be b\ght1 b an entrance fee ( #a;d4 c\ld be *>g$4 ,?is ,act 0 practically inop]ative1 z only ,cant]bury1 ,w>r+ton1 ,leice/]1 ,dov]1 ,sal=d & a few o!r places adopt$ x1 & 9 #ahej x 0 incorporat$ 9 ! fir/ ,public ,libr>ies ,act1 #ahej 7#ac #ad ,vict41 c4 #fe71 :i* repeal$ x & add$ ! p]missive clauses :i* exi/$ till #ahic4 ,?is ,act 9 its turn 0 repeal$ by t ( #ahee1 & aga9 ?is 0 repeal$ by ! ,public ,libr>y ,act ( #ahib & subsequ5t am5dm5ts1 :i* rema9 ! lead+ ,acts "u :i* libr>ies may be e/abli%$1 ) su* subsidi>y dep>tm5ts z museums & art gall]ies4 ,a dige/ ( ! p[]s conf]r$ on local au?orities by ^? v>i\s ,acts appe>s 9 ,section #d ( ?is ,manual4 ,! au?orities seem to h become aw>e ( ! difficulty ( support+ s _m in/itutions out ( "o re/rict$ rate1 because 9 #ahia 0 pass$ 8,an ,act to enable ,urban ,au?orities to provide & ma9ta9 ,museums & ,gymnasiums40 ,"u ?is ,act1 :i* did n apply to ,scotl& or ! ,c\nty ( ,london1 b only to ,engl& & ,irel&1 local au?orities 7 enabl$ to levy a special rate ( d4 p] p\nd = museum purposes1 & a rate ( d4 p] p\nd = gymnasium purposes1 & to make regulations = ! purposes ( bo? k9ds ( in/itutions4 ,9 #aija ?is ,act 0 ext5d$ to ! ,c\nty ( ,london by ! 8,public ,libr>ies ,act1 #aija40 ,a resolution ( ! local au?ority is suffici5t = ! purpose ( adopt+ ?is ,act1 & ! regulations = adoption are simil> to ^? prescrib$ = ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts4 ,! pr9cipal clauses ( ! ,act are z foll[s3 ,clause #d4--8;,an urban au?ority may provide & ma9ta9 museums = ! reception ( local antiquities or o!r objects ( int]e/1 & gymnasiums ) all ! app>atus ord9>ily us$ !re)1 & may erect any build+s1 & g5]ally d all ?+s necess>y = ! provision & ma9t5ance ( su* museums & gymnasiums40 ,clause #e4--8;,a museum provid$ "u ?is ,act %all be op5 to ! public n less ?an ?ree days 9 e week free ( *>ge1 b subject !reto an urban au?ority may admit any p]son or class ( p]sons !reto z !y ?9k fit1 & may *>ge fees = su* admission1 or may grant ! use ( ! same or ( any room !re91 ei!r gratuit\sly or = paym5t1 to any p]son = any lecture or exhibition or = any purpose ( education or in/ruction4 4 4 40 ,full p[] is giv5 by o!r clauses to make all necess>y regulations z to h\rs1 /aff1 ord]1 etc41 9 bo? museums & gymnasiums1 & = borr[+ money = build+s or o!r purposes4 ,sep>ate acc\nts are to be kept1 & 8,! am\nt exp5d$ by an urban au?ority "u ?is ,act %all n 9 any ye> exce$ ! am\nt produc$ by a rate ( a halfp5ny 9 ! p\nd = a museum1 & ! l am\nt = a gymnasium e/abli%$ "u ?is ,act40 #eef4 ,a new provision 9 legislation ( ?is k9d is conta9$ 9 ,clause #ab1 :i* emp[]s an urban au?ority to sell a museum or gymnasium aft] sev5 ye>s' trial1 if x is deem$ unnecess>y or too exp5sive1 b only ) ! cons5t ( ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d4 ,any moneys receiv$ f su* sale are to be appli$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 to ! repaym5t ( loans1 & if n all requir$ = su* a purpose1 may1 ) ! approval ( ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 8be appli$ to any purpose to :i* capital moneys are prop]ly applicable40 #eeg4 ,x is fur!r provid$ 7,clause #ac7 t ! p[]s giv5 to urban au?orities "u ! ,act 8%all be deem$ to be 9 addition to & n 9 d]ogation ( any o!r p[]s conf]r$ by ,act ( ,p>liam5t1 law1 or cu/om1 & su* o!r p[]s may be ex]cis$ 9 ! same mann] z if ?is ,act _h n be5 pass$40 ,9 o!r words1 ! p[]s conf]r$ by ! 8,public ,libr>ies ,acts10 = example1 ) reg>d to museums1 /ill hold good1 & ! new p[]s creat$ by ! 8,museums & ,gymnasiums ,act0 c be ex]cis$ z an addition to !m4 ,x %\ld be not$ t1 9 addition to ! g5]al legislation conta9$ 9 ! ,public ,libr>ies & ,museums ,acts1 _m private or local ,acts h be5 pass$1 "u :i* diff]5t localities h obta9$ p[] to sp5d money on ! provision ( museums & art gall]ies1 greatly 9 excess ( ! limits impos$ by ! g5]al ,acts4 #eeh4 ,?is repres5ts practically ! :ole ( ! legislation connect$ ) municipal museums1 & x may be inf]r$1 f ! f9ancial provision all[$ by ,p>liam5t1 t no museum :i* dep5ds entirely ^u ! halfp5ny rate c be 9 a v fl\ri%+ condition4 ,! defici5cies ( ! rate-income are 9 _m cases made up by ! donations & beque/s ( private donors2 occasionally public bodies r5d] valuable aid2 n infrequ5tly ! closely re/rict$ libr>y rate is nibbl$ at & div]t$ f its real purpose2 & v (t5 ! ,/ate1 repres5t$ by ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museums at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 circulates useful & valuable loan collections4 ,9 ^! v>i\s ways museums are help$1 & )9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 or s9ce ! ,museums ,association 0 e/abli%$ 9 #ahij1 ! organization1 sci5tific value & equipm5t ( museums h improv$ 9 a v m>k$ degree4 ,no d\bt 9 "s localities c /ill be se5 ! old-fa%ion$ hot*-pot* collection ( miscellane\s lumb] /yl$ a museum1 :]e9 a /uff$ walrus jo/les a suit ( arm\r1 & local fossils & meteorites are beautifully mix$ up ) birds' eggs1 fl9t implem5ts & co9s4 ,su* collections only require an alligator1 & a canoe f ,fiji on ! walls1 to be p]fect specim5s ( ! ,w>d\r ,/reet k9d ( museum4 ,happily ?is k9d ( omnium-ga!rum museum is rapidly dy+ out be=e ! advance ( rational classification1 & 9 "s cases :]e collections are small & conta9$ 9 "o room1 yet by means ( intellig5t arrangem5t incongru\s objects are kept ap>t1 & ! little museum is made an in/ructive nucleus1 in/ead ( a high-class m>9e-/ore4 #eei4 ,?is leads to su* que/ions z ! elem5ts ( museum classification & description1 :i* are ! mo/ important po9ts 9 ! relations betwe5 libr>ies & s*ools & museums4 ,)\t classification a g5]al or ev5 special museum is comp>atively useless4 ,)\t effective arrangem5t & descriptive labell+ ! specim5s rema9 un9/ructive & mislead+4 ,on ^! two po9ts museums resemble libr>ies1 & x is only :5 !y agree 9 ! ess5tials ( classification & description t ! in/itutions become mutually b5eficial4 ,a well-classifi$ & arrang$ cab9et ( m9]als1 ) a full set ( descriptive labels1 is simply invaluable to ! /ud5t ( m9]alogy & geology4 ,:51 !re=e1 a /ud5t is ref]r$ f ! lit]ature to ! objects describ$ 9 ! text-books1 he is educat$ to ! ext5t ( be+ able to appreciate ! fact t objects are gr\p$ toge!r 9 respect ( c]ta9 resemblances1 & t classification into relat$ gr\ps is ! basis ( ! sci5ce he is /udy+4 ,on go+ to a museum ( specim5s1 su* a /ud5t1 if he 7 an entomologi/1 w\ld naturally expect to f9d toge!r all ! butt]flies1 bees1 beetles1 flies & o!r objects prop]ly classifi$ accord+ to ord]1 g5]a & species4 ,if he f\nd all ! mo?s1 bugs1 flies & beetles m+l$ 9 "o huge jumble1 & labell$ ,insects1 ! collection w\ld be un9/ructive & w\ld ?r[ no light on 8 previ\s read+4 #efj4 ,:atev] set ( concrete objects a /ud5t sets out to exam9e 9 a museum1 aft] be+ ref]r$ f 8 books1 he expects to f9d "s relation%ip betwe5 ! lit]ature he has /udi$ & ! objects he means to comp>e & exam9e4 ,on ?is pr9ciple all ! l>ge museums ( ! _w are arrang$1 & ! result is t no /ud5t :o has previ\sly acquir$ an elem5t>y k ( an art or sci5ce f text-books %\ld exp]i5ce any difficulty 9 f9d+ 8 way ab\t a museum4 ,x is true t1 = purposes ( popul> display & to tickle up juv5ile int]e/ 9 natural hi/ory1 "s museums exhibit f9e specim5s ( birds or mammals out ( _! ord]1 :]e !y w attract notice1 b ! bulk ( ! collection w be f\nd 9 /rictly classifi$ ord]4 ,9 _m important museums x has be5 f\nd useful to illu/rate animal /ructure & comp>ative anatomy by means ( key or type collections1 :i* are kept ap>t f ! g5]a classification1 yet s]ve to illu/rate important po9ts 9 comp>ative zoology1 :i* x w\ld be difficult to d on a v ext5sive scale4 ,!re are _m text-books writt5 exactly on ! same pr9ciple4 ,"o au?or takes a rabbit1 ano!r a crayfi%1 & f ^! bases tea* ! ma9 facts ( animal /ructure :i* apply all r\nd4 ,s 9 a museum4 ,:ile x w\ld be absolutely impossible to repeat at e c5tre su* a f9e collection ( m9]als z has be5 ga!r$ toge!r at ! ,natural ,hi/ory ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 yet x is possible to illu/rate ! ma9 facts & classification ( m9]alogy by means ( a selection ( actual specim5s or models4 ,simil>ly at ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! /ud5t ( e>ly pr9t+ does n f9d himself confront$ ) a complete *ronological sequ5ce ( all ! books pr9t$ 9 ! fifte5? c5tury to illu/rate ! incunabula1 b he f9ds a selection1 or type collection1 :i* 9 ! mo/ effectual way traces ! developm5t & evolution ( ! pr9t$ book4 ,! m ^! type collections are adopt$ & utiliz$1 ! great] w become ! value ( museums = elem5t>y sci5ce tea*+1 & z mo/ museums are unable to collect & display specim5s ( ev]y?+ 9 ! _w1 x is obvi\s t !y mu/ d z libr>ies h to d--select only :at is be/1 mo/ typical & in/ructive1 & leave indiscrim9ate collect+ to ! great univ]sal museums support$ by ! ,/ate4 #efa4 ,a well-arrang$ & classifi$ museum1 :e!r ( a g5]al "*1 or :i* is conf9$ to local botany1 zoology1 geology & ar*ology1 has great be>+ on ! educational "w ( public libr>ies4 ,x enables a read] to realize ! mat]ial side ( 8 /udies1 & by %[+ him relat$ objects 9 a def9ite ord]1 broad5s 8 outlook on ! subject1 & br+s home to him ! reality ( ! matt]4 ,z object-lessons are to s*ool-*ildr51 s are museums to libr>y read]s4 #efb4 ,art gall]ies are divisible into ?ree classes--#a4 ,^? ma9ta9$ or assi/$ by ! ,/ate! ,national ,gall]y2 ,scotti% ,national ,art ,gall]y1 etc4 #b4 ,^? end[$ by private munific5ce or by public bodies! ,wallace ,collection2 ,tate ,gall]y2 ! ,walk] ,art ,gall]y1 ,liv]pool1 ! ,h>ris ,art ,gall]y1 ,pre/on1 etc4 #c4 ,^? ma9ta9$ f local rates levi$ "u special ,acts ( ,p>liam5t2 or1 "u ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 :i* emp[] local au?orities to support art gall]ies out ( ! p5ny rate4 ,!re is no special ,act = ! e/abli%m5t ( art gall]ies simil> to ! ,museums ,act already describ$1 & ap>t f special ,acts1 ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts are ! only ones :i* emp[] ! e/abli%m5t ( art gall]ies4 ,ne$less to say1 su* p[]s are r>ely ex]cis$ unless o!r s\rces ( end[m5t or income are =?com+4 ,s _m s+le pictures co/ m ?an ! produce ( a p5ny rate 9 mo/ t[ns1 t x is1 on ! face ( x1 absurd to ?9k ( art gall]ies only z dep>tm5ts ( public libr>ies4 ,9 "s cases "p ( ! libr>y rate is no d\bt us$ to defray "p ( ! exp5ses ( art gall]ies1 p>ticul>ly build+s1 b x is v unusual to pur*ase pictures f su* a meagre fund4 ,art gall]ies are greatly assi/$ by loan exhibitions contribut$ to by arti/s1 picture own]s1 bo? public & private1 & ! national art au?orities act+ ?r\gh ! ,victoria & ,alb]t ,museum at ,s\? ,k5s+ton4 ,annually ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton au?orities l5d to ov] #djj museums1 exhibitions1 s*ools ( art & sci5ce1 etc41 no few] ?an #dg1jjj objects1 ( :i* #df1jjj are works ( art1 includ+ pictures1 embroid]ies1 photographs1 metal-"w1 pott]y1 etc4 ,b = ^! circulat+ collections1 comp>atively few ( ! small] art gall]ies ( ! c\ntry c\ld keep alive int]e/ simply by means ( _! own p]man5t collections4 ,x is only 9 l>ge t[ns1 l ,london1 ,ed9burgh1 ,dubl91 ,glasg[1 ,birm+ham1 ,liv]pool1 etc41 :]e great & repres5tative collections are kept illu/rat+ ! lead+ s*ools ( art1 t any direct educational value c be said to atta* to art gall]ies4 ,s f> z educational value is conc]n$1 an art gall]y _c = a mom5t be comp>$ to a museum or a libr>y4 ,its appeal on ! educational side is to a v small section ( ! public1 & ev5 to ?is section su* appeal is limit$ by ! size & "* ( ! collection4 ,! /ud5t ( e>ly ,italian or ,flemi% pa9t+ c le>n no?+ 9 a little prov9cial art gall]y1 conta9+ fifty or sixty mod]n l&scapes & figure subjects2 & ! /ud5t ( ,impressioni/ pa9t+ w n f9d mu* to help him 9 a gall]y compos$ ( examples ( old ,dut* & ,fr5* ma/]s4 ,! value ( an art gall]y dep5ds1 !re=e1 on its size & repres5tative nature s f> z art /ud5ts are conc]n$1 & on ! appeal :i* f9e pa9t+s make to ! high] feel+s & p]ceptions ( mank9d = its influ5ce z a creator ( ta/e & /imulator ( a love ( ! beautiful4 ,:5 an art collection takes ! =m ( a special exhibition illu/rative ( a subject1 r ?an a p>ticul> s*ool ( pa9t+1 its value & int]e/ are enorm\sly increas$4 ,suppose1 = example1 t an art gall]y is devot$ to an exhibition illu/rative ( "s great hi/orical subject1 l ! c>e] ( ,napoleon ,i4 ,! value ( ! pictorial side ( ! subject at once /&s =? ) great prom95ce1 & "o c realize ! educational value ( art 9 ! exposition ( hi/ory4 ,b 9 a m]e r&om collection ( pictures1 on all k9ds ( subjects1 by all k9ds ( pa9t]s1 !re is no k9d ( consecutive tea*+ or def9ite connexion ) ! art lit]ature conta9$ 9 a libr>y1 &1 !re=e1 su* a miscellane\s selection ( pictures is *iefly valuable z a k9d ( vague appeal to ! /hetic feel+s ( ! casual obs]v]4 ,only great collections l ^? ( ! ,national ,gall]y 9 ,london1 & ! ,l\vre at ,p>is1 c be said to illu/rate ! lit]ature ( art1 & x is *iefly 9 reg>d to su* art gall]ies t "s direct connexion c be trac$ betwe5 art collections & libr>ies4 ,,bibliography #efc4 ,museums & ,art ,gall]ies3 ,*amb]s & ,fov>gue4 ,law relat+ to 4 4 4 ,museums4 ,fl[]1 ,sir ,w4 ,h4 ,essays on ,museums1 #ahih4 ,gre5wood1 ,t4 ,museums & ,art ,gall]ies1 #ahhh4 ,jackson1 ,m4 ,t4 ,! ,museum3 ,a ,manual ( ! ,h\s+ & ,c>e ( ,art ,collections1 #aiag4 ,murray1 ,david4 ,museums3 ,_! ,hi/ory & ,use1 #aijd1 #c vols4 ,vols4 #b-c are a mo/ ext5sive bibliography4 ,museums ,j\rnal4 ,= articles see ,cannons3 ,f #ag-ah1 ,museums2 ,f #ai1 ,art ,gall]ies4 ,,app5dix ,i ,,! ,,nom5clature ,,( ,,libr>y ,,positions#ah #ah ,a report contribut$ by ,l4 ,/anley ,ja/ & ,w4 ,c4 ,b]wick ,say]s to ! ,congrs ,int]national des ,ar*ivi/es et des ,biblio?caires1 ,bruxelles1 #aiaj4 #efd4 ,x w be difficult b x is desirable to attempt to resolve "s ord] out ( ! t]m9ological *aos at pres5t exi/+4 ,! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t has _m libr>y positions 9 its control1 b ! t]m libr>ian is only sp>+ly recogniz$4 ,!re are 8libr>ians0 ( ! two ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t1 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! ,bo>d ( ,education1 ,admiralty1 ,pat5t ,(fice & o!r ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts1 b only 9 ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t are !re any assi/ant-libr>ians s-nam$4 ,! heads ( dep>tm5ts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum are call$ 8keep]s10 a traditional t]m1 & ! assi/ant libr>ians 8,assi/ants 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,pr9t$ ,books0 or 8,manuscripts10 z ! case may be1 :i* z a t]m 9 no way connects !m ) libr>ian%ip4 ,9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice ! t]m 8,cu/odian0 0 =m]ly employ$1 b 0 dropp$ "s eight ye>s ago = 8,assi/ant 9 ! ,libr>y40 ,9 ! o!r ,gov]nm5t or ,civil ,s]vice libr>ies ! assi/ant libr>ian is usually rat$ & nam$ z a fir/- or second-class cl]k1 z ! case may be4 ,x w\ld be greatly to ! advantage ( libr>ian%ip if a prop] ,gov]nm5t recognition ( ! t]m libr>ian z repres5t+ a specially tra9$ type ( man r ?an ! occupant ( a c]ta9 position c\ld be obta9$4 ,at pres5t x seems t cl]ks 9 any ,gov]nm5t (fice possess+ a libr>y c be mov$ f ! (fice prop] to ! libr>y1 & vice v]sa4 #efe4 ,9 municipal & simil> public libr>ies ! *aos is ev5 m pron\nc$4 ,! pr9cipal (fic] calls himself ,*ief1 ,pr9cipal1 ,head1 ,bor\gh or ,city ,libr>ian1 or m]ely ,libr>ian4 ,(t5 ! t]m ,*ief ,libr>ian is adopt$ :]e ! own] ( ! "n is ! only libr>ian on ! /aff1 & ! t]m 8,*ief0 9 ^! circum/ances is mean+less4 #efg4 ,9 ! nom5clature ( assi/ant libr>ians ! confusion is worse /ill4 ,! pr9cipal assi/ant to ! libr>ian is call$ ! ,deputy1 ,*ief ,assi/ant1 ,assi/ant- or ,sub-,libr>ian 9 l>ge libr>ies2 b ! t]m9ology is imitat$ by ! small] libr>ies1 & x is no uncommon matt] to he> ( an assi/ant ) a sal>y ( #cj p] annum call$ a 8sub-libr>ian10 & 8*ief assi/ant0 & simil> t]ms are us$ v loosely to ! bewild]m5t ( libr>y au?orities1 :o f9d t ! ,deputy ,libr>ian ( a great libr>y l ,birm+ham holds app>5tly ! same position z ! untra9$ lad 9 a village libr>y4 #efh4 ,x is und\bt$ly desirable to =mulate a s]ies ( def9itions :i* %\ld gov]n ! application ( names to libr>y positions4 ,! result+ nom5clature if g5]ally adopt$ w\ld prev5t ! anomalies ref]r$ to4 ,no libr>ian %\ld call himself a *ief libr>ian unless he directs ! "w ( libr>ians2 ! adjective is di/9ctly a relative t]m4 ,simil>ly a deputy- or a sub-libr>ian %\ld be cle>ly a libr>ian ( "s te*nical equipm5t & tra9+ ?\gh he does n happ5 to hold an indep5d5t position4 ,to apply ?is "n to a "y or boy assi/ant is undignifi$ & is b\nd to cause confusion4 #efi4 ,! foll[+ def9itions are !re=e t5tatively recomm5d$ = g5]al adoption z solv+ ! difficulties "u consid]ation4 ,at ! same "t1 human nature be+ :at x is1 we %all probably nev] d away altoge!r ) a mean+less & inflat$ use ( (ficial t]ms 9 small libr>ies1 & any?+ l a g5]al adoption ( our propos$ def9itions 9 ! l>g] libr>ies is p]haps unlikely4 ,ev5 s1 ! adoption ( ^! or o!r def9itions = all g5]al /ati/ical purposes w\ld be ( great advantage4 ,,sugge/$ ,,nom5clature ,,& ,,def9itions ,,( ,,libr>y ,,positions ,*ief ,libr>ian4--,! head libr>ian ( a numb] ( libr>ies1 or a libr>y sy/em1 "u ! *>ge ( 8libr>ians40 ,9 ! case ( a s+le l>ge libr>y 7e4g4 ! ,briti% ,museum71 :]e ! dep>tm5tal *iefs may fitly be /yl$ libr>ians1 ! t]m ,*ief ,libr>ian may be us$ to designate ! head2 ) su* exception ! t]m %\ld nev] be employ$ = ! head ( a s+le libr>y4 ,deputy ,libr>ian4--,! pr9cipal assi/ant to a ,*ief ,libr>ian1 ^: "w belongs /rictly to ! g5]al adm9i/ration ( a sy/em4 ,n to be confus$ ) ,sub-,libr>ian4 ,libr>ian4--,! head ( a libr>y4 ,n to be confus$ ) ,*ief ,libr>ian1 ! head ( a sy/em ( libr>ies4 ,sub-,libr>ian4--,! pr9cipal assi/ant to a libr>ian1 ^: "w is indep5d5t ( dep>tm5ts1 b n indep5d5t ( a build+4 ,n to be confus$ ) ,deputy ,libr>ian4 ,libr>ian-9-,*>ge4--,! (fic] 9 *>ge ( a di/rict or bran* libr>y1 or "o ( ! dep>tm5ts ( a c5tral libr>y1 9 a sy/em "u ! control ( a ,*ief ,libr>ian4 ,n to be confus$ ) ,libr>ian4 ,bran* ,libr>ian4--,t]m n to be us$4 ,see ,libr>ian-9-,*>ge4 ,*ief ,assi/ant4--,an (fic] 9 *>ge ( a dep>tm5t1 subord9ate to a ,sub-,libr>ian4 ,if subord9ate to a ,deputy ,libr>ian ! correspond+ (fice w\ld be ,libr>ian-9-,*>ge4 ,s5ior ,assi/ant4--,a high] grade ( libr>y assi/ant4 ,junior ,assi/ant4--,a l[] grade ( libr>y assi/ant4 ,att5dant4--,a p]son :o c>ries books1 & p]=ms o!r me*anical unskill$ r\t9e4 ,if a y\?1 ! t]m 8page0 may be us$4 ,janitor4--,an (fic] 7g5]ally 9 uni=m7 ^: pr9cipal duty is to ma9ta9 ord] 9 ! build+4 ,cl]k4--,a p]son employ$ 9 g5]al cl]k+ "w1 n a "p ( ! pr(essional libr>y /aff4 ,probation]4--,an assi/ant 8on trial10 or n p]man5tly appo9t$1 :o may or may n be paid4 ,,app5dix ,,ii ,,! ,,libr>ian',s ,,libr>y #egj4 ,! foll[+ is a classifi$ li/ ( ! pr9cipal books :i* a libr>ian w require z ! *ief tools ( 8 pr(ession4 ,x does n claim to be a complete bibliography1 _m valuable pamphlets & publications ( in/itutions be+ omitt$ ow+ to limit$ space4 ,! majority ( ! works m5tion$ %\ld be available = ! b5efit ( ! /aff ( ! l>g] libr>ies1 :ile two sugge/ive selections are indicat$ by a/]isks z foll[s3 9999 selection = a small libr>y1 income less ?an #aejj4 99 selection = a m$ium libr>y1 income less ?an #cjjj4 ,ri*>d ,wright4 #ega4 ,,libr>y ,,sci5ce3 ,,bibliographies 9999,,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,guide to ,libr>ian%ip3 read+ li/s1 me?ods ( /udy1 & tables ( factors & p]c5tages1 requir$ 9 connexion ) libr>y economy4 #ic pp4 #aiji4 7,grafton47 9999,,cannons1 ,h4 ,g4 ,t4 ,bibliography ( ,libr>y ,economy3 a classifi$ index to ! pr(essional p]iodical lit]ature relat+ to libr>y economy1 pr9t+1 me?ods ( publi%+1 copyright1 bibliography1 etc4 #ahgf-aiji4 #aiaj4 7,/anley ,russell47 9999,,libr>y ,,association ,,& ,,libr>y ,,assi/ants' ,,association4 ,union ,class-,li/ ( ! ,libr>ies ( ! ,libr>y & ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,associations4 #aiac4 7,libr>y ,association47 ,,libr>y ,,"w3 cumulat$1 #aije-aa3 a bibliography & dige/ ( libr>y lit]ature4 ,ed4 ,a4 ,l4 ,gu?rie4 #aiab4 7,m9neapolis3 ,wilson47 #egb4 ,,policy ,,& ,,utility ,,( ,,libr>ies 9999,,bo/ock1 ,a4 ,e4 ,! ,am]ican ,public ,libr>y4 #aiaj4 7,n4 ,york3 ,appleton47 ---- 7,ed474 ,relation%ip betwe5 ! ,libr>y & ! ,public ,s*ools3 repr9ts ( pap]s & addresses4 7,n4 ,york3 ,wilson47 ,,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,libr>ies3 addresses & essays4 #aiaf4 7,n4 ,york3 ,wilson47 99,,edw>ds1 ,,edw>d4 ,free ,t[n ,libr>ies3 _! =mation1 managem5t & hi/ory4 #ahfi4 7,trbn]47 ,,fay1 ,l4 ,e41 & ,,eaton1 ,a4 ,t4 ,in/ruction 9 ! ,use ( ,books & ,libr>ies3 a text-book = normal s*ools & colleges4 #aiae4 ,useful ,ref]5ce ,s]4 7,bo/on3 ,bo/on ,book ,co47 ,,graesel1 ,,arnim4 ,h&bu* d] ,biblio!kslehre3 zweite1 voellig umge>beitete ,auflage d] 8,grundzge d] ,biblio!kslehre40 #aijb4 7,leipzig3 ,web]47 ,,gre51 ,s4 ,s4 ,public ,libr>y ,movem5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 #ahec-ic4 #aiac4 7,bo/on3 ,bo/on ,book ,co47 99,,h>dy1 ,e4 ,a4 ,! ,public ,libr>y3 its place 9 our educational sy/em4 #aiab4 7,toronto3 ,briggs47 ,,ladewig1 ,,dr ,,paul4 ,politik d] ,b*]ei4 #aiab4 7,leipzig3 ,wi5g&t47 ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,,committee ,,on ,,public ,,education ,,& ,,public ,,libr>ies4 ,report1 #aije4 #ab pp4 #aijf4 7,libr>y ,association47 9999,,l[e1 ,j4 ,a4 ,books & ,libr>ies3 a manual ( in/ruction 9 _! use3 = colleges4 #aiaf4 7,bo/on3 ,bo/on ,book ,co47 ,,mill]1 ,f4 ,m4 ,libr>ies & ,education4 #aiab4 7,melb\rne3 ,rob]tson47 99,,morel1 ,,eug,,ne4 ,biblio?ques3 essai sur le dveloppem5t des biblio?ques publiques et de la libraire dans les deux mondes4 #b vols4 #aijh-ji4 7,p>is3 ,m]cure de ,france47 ,,pellisson1 ,,maurice4 ,les ,biblio?ques ,populaires l'trang] et en ,france4 #aijf4 ,,plumm]1 ,m4 ,w4 ,h9ts to ,small ,libr>ies4 7,*icago3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 ,,public ,,libr>ies1 ,,select ,,committee ,,on4 ,report3 ) proce$+s1 m9utes ( evid5ce & app5dix4 #ahdi4 9999,,recon/ruction1 ,,m9i/ry ,,(4 ,?ird ,int]im ,report ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee3 libr>ies & museums4 #aiai4 7,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice47 ,,rey]1 ,,ed4 ,entwicklung und ,organisation d] ,volksbiblio!k54 #ahic4 7,leipzig3 ,engelmann47 ---- ,=ts*ritte d] ,volk/umli*5 ,biblio!k54 #aijc4 7,leipzig3 ,engelmann47 ,,ri*\1 ,,gabriel4 ,trait de l',adm9i/ration des ,biblio?ques ,publiques3 hi/orique1 organization1 legislation4 #ahhe4 7,p>is3 ,dupont47 ,,sp(=d1 ,a4 ,r4 ,books = all ,read]s3 an aid to ! collection1 use & pres]vation ( books1 & ! =mation ( public & private libr>ies4 #aiji4 7,n4 ,york3 ,putnam47 99,,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d4 ,h[ to ,use a ,libr>y4 #aiaj4 7,/ock47 99,,w>d1 ,g4 ,o4 ,! ,practical ,use ( ,books & ,libr>ies4 #b vols4 #aiaa4 7,bo/on3 ,bo/on ,book ,co47 ,,wire1 ,g4 ,e4 ,h[ to ,/>t a ,public ,libr>y4 #aijb4 7,wa%+ton3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 #egc4 ,,practical ,,manuals4 ,,h&books 9999,,am]ican ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,economy4 #aiaa-ae4 ,9 progress4 7,*icago3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 ,,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,economy4 #aiji4 7,grafton47 ,,c\s91 ,,jules4 ,de l',organisation et de l',adm9i/ration des ,biblio?ques4 #ahhb4 ,,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,a ,libr>y ,prim]4 #aiaj4 7,*icago3 ,libr>y ,bureau47 99---- 7,ed474 ,mod]n ,am]ican ,libr>y ,economy3 z illu/rat$ by ! ,new>k1 ,n4,j41 ,free ,public ,libr>y4 #aijh4 7,m9neapolis3 ,wilson47 ,,flet*]1 ,w4 ,j4 ,public ,libr>ies 9 ,am]ica4 #ahid4 7,*icago3 ,sampson ,l[47 ,,gre5wood1 ,,?omas4 ,public ,libr>ies3 a hi/ory ( ! movem5t1 & a manual = ! organization & managem5t ( rate-support$ libr>ies4 #d? ed41 revis$4 #ahia4 7,cassell47 ,,greve1 ,h4 ,e4 ,op5b>e ,leesmusea en ,volksbiblio!k54 #aijf4 7,am/]dam3 ,maas47 99,,ko*1 ,t4 ,w4 ,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,manual4 #aiac4 7,lans+3 ,mi*igan ,libr>y ,commission47 ,,macf>lane1 ,,john4 ,libr>y ,adm9i/ration4 #ahih4 7,all547 ,,maire1 ,,alb]t4 ,manuel ,pratique du ,biblio?caire3 biblio?ques publiques1 univ]sitaires1 prives4 #ahif4 99,,mo?1 ,,axel4 ,gloss>y ( ,libr>y ,t]ms3 ,engli%1 ,dani%1 ,dut*1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,italian1 ,spani%1 ,sw$i%4 #eh pp4 #aiae4 ,useful ,ref]5ce ,s]4 7,bo/on3 ,bo/on ,book ,co47 99,,rae1 ,w4 ,s4 ,c4 ,public ,libr>y ,adm9i/ration4 #aiac4 7,r\tl$ge47 9999,,roebuck1 ,g4 ,e41 & ,,?orne1 ,w4 ,b4 ,a ,prim] ( ,libr>y ,practice = ,junior ,assi/ants4 #aiad4 7,grafton47 99,,/e>ns1 ,l4 ,e4 7,ed474 ,ess5tials 9 ,libr>y ,adm9i/ration4 #aije4 7,wa%+ton3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 ,,:eatley1 ,h4 ,b4 ,h[ to ,=m a ,libr>y4 #aijb4 7,/ock47 #egd4 ,,special ,,dep>tm5ts ,,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,! ,small ,libr>y3 a guide to ! collection & c>e ( books4 #aijg4 7,r\tl$ge47 99,,em]y1 ,j4 ,w4 ,! ,libr>y1 ! ,s*ool1 & ! ,*ild4 #aiag4 7,macmillan47 99,,g[]1 ,h4 ,d41 ,,ja/1 ,l4 ,s41 & ,,topley1 ,w4 ,w4 ,! ,cam]a z ,hi/orian4 7,sampson ,l[47 ,,gre5wood1 ,,?omas4 ,sunday ,s*ool & ,village ,libr>ies4 #ahib4 7,cl>ke47 99,,kais]1 ,j4 ,b4 ,law1 ,legislative & ,municipal ,ref]5ce ,libr>ies4 #aiad4 7,bo/on3 ,bo/on ,book ,co47 9999,,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,b4 ,! ,*ildr5's ,libr>y3 a practical manual = public1 s*ool & home libr>ies4 7,r\tl$ge47 #ege4 ,,p]iodicals ,,& ,,associations ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association4 ,bullet94 #aijg to date4 ,association des ,biblio?caires ,franais4 ,bullet94 #aiji 787 to date4 ,b>oda ,libr>y ,miscellany4 #aiab to date4 ,la ,biblio?caire4 #aiaj to date4 7,/ ,pet]sburg47 ,bltt] fr ,volksbiblio!k5 und ,lesehall54 #aija to date4 7,leipzig47 ,het ,boek4 #aiab to date4 7,! ,hague47 ,bogsaml+sbladet4 #aije 787 to date4 7,cop5hag547 ,bolet9 del ,ar*iva ,nacional4 #aija 787 to date4 ,bollett9o delle ,bibliote*e ,popol>i4 #aijh to date4 7,milan47 ,c5tralblatt fr ,biblio!kswes54 #ahhd to date4 7,leipzig47 ,la ,coltura ,popol>e4 #aiaa to date4 7,milan47 ,= ,folke- og ,b>neboksaml+]4 #aijg to date4 7,kri/iania47 ,an ,leabh>lann4 #aije to date4 7,dubl947 99,libr>ian & ,book ,_w4 #aiaj to date4 7,s4 ,paul47 99,libr>y3 a magaz9e ( bibliography & libr>y lit]ature4 ,ed4 ,j4 ,y4 ,m4 ,mac,alister4 #ahhi to date4 7,mor+47 9999,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,association4 ,libr>y ,assi/ant4 #ahih to date4 7,l4,a4,a47 9999,libr>y ,association4 ,libr>y ,association ,record4 #ahii to date4 7,libr>y ,association47 9999---- ,libr>y ,association ,ye> ,book4 #ahic to date4 7,libr>y ,association47 ---- ,mon?ly ,notes4 #ahhj-hc4 7,libr>y ,association47 ---- ,transactions & ,proce$+s ( ,annual ,meet+s4 #ahgh-id4 7,*iswick ,press47 ,libr>y ,*ronicle4 #e vols4 #ahhd-hh4 7,libr>y ,association47 9999,libr>y ,j\rnal4 #ahgf to date4 7,n4 ,york3 ,b[k]47 ,libr>y ,record ( ,au/ralia4 #aija to date4 9999,libr>y ,_w4 #ahih to date4 7,grafton47 ,ma&blad voor ,biblio!ekwez54 #aiac to date4 7,! ,hague47 ,museums ,j\rnal4 7,dulau47 ,oe/]r4 ,v]e9 fr ,biblio!kswes54 ,mit!ilung54 #ahig 787 to date4 99,ont>io4 ,dept4 ( ,education4 ,public ,libr>ies ,bran*4 ,ont>io ,libr>y ,review4 7,ont>io ,dept4 ( ,education47 99,public ,libr>ies4 #ahif to date4 7,*icago3 ,libr>y ,bureau47 ,revi/a de ,ar*ivos4 ,bibliotecas y museos4 #aije to date4 7,madrid47 ,revi/a de la ,biblioteca ,nacional4 #aiji to date4 7,habana47 ,revi/a delle ,bibliote*e e ,degli ,ar*ivi4 7,flor5ce47 ,revue des ,biblio?ques4 7,p>is47 ,revue des ,biblio?ques et ,ar*ives de ,belgique4 #aijc to date4 99,special ,libr>ies4 #aiaj to date4 7,indianapolis3 ,special ,libr>ies ,association47 ,tijds*rift voor ,boek- en ,biblio!ekwez54 #aijc to date4 7,antw]p47 ,wiscons9 ,libr>y ,bullet94 7,wiscons9 ,free ,libr>y ,commission47 #egf4 ,,legislation 9999,,*amb]s1 ,g4 ,f41 & ,,fov>gue1 ,h4 ,w4 ,law ,relat+ to ,public ,libr>ies & ,museums & ,sci5tific ,in/itutions4 #ahii4 7,knight47 99,,fov>gue1 ,h4 ,w4 ,summ>y ( ,libr>y ,law4 #aiaj4 7,/anley ,russell47 ---- ,adoption ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts 9 ,engl& & ,wales4 #ahif4 ,l4,a4 ,s]ies1 #g4 7,simpk947 ,,fov>gue1 ,h4 ,w41 & ,,ogle1 ,j4 ,j4 ,public ,libr>y ,legislation4 #ahic4 ,l4,a4 ,s]ies1 #b4 7,simpk947 #egg4 ,,ar*itecture1 ,,build+1 ,,fitt+s 99,,br[n1 ,j4 ,d41 & ,o!rs4 ,op5 ,access ,libr>ies3 _! plann+1 equipm5t & organization4 #aiae4 7,grafton47 99,,burgoyne1 ,f4 ,j4 ,libr>y ,con/ruction1 ,ar*itecture1 ,fitt+s & ,furniture4 #ahig4 7,all547 9999,,*ampneys1 ,a4 ,l4 ,public ,libr>ies3 _! design1 con/ruction & fitt+s4 #aijg4 7,bats=d47 99,,cl>k1 ,j4 ,w4 ,c>e ( ,books3 ! developm5t ( libr>ies & _! fitt+s to ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 #aiji4 7,cambridge ,univ4 ,press47 ,,cotgreave1 ,,alfr$4 ,views & ,memor&a ( ,public ,libr>ies4 #aija4 ,,league ,,( ,,libr>y ,,commissions4 ,small ,libr>y ,build+s4 #aijh4 7,bo/on3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 ,n4 ,,york ,,/ate ,,libr>y4 ,,ea/man1 ,w4 ,r4 ,libr>y ,build+ ,plans4 #ee pp4 #aijf4 99,,s\le1 ,c4 ,c4 ,h[ to ,plan a ,libr>y ,build+ = ,libr>y ,"w4 #aiab4 ,useful ,ref]5ce ,s]4 7,bo/on3 ,bo/on ,book ,co47 #egh4 ,,/aff ,,bodleian ,,libr>y4 ,/aff ,kal5d>4 7,annual47 ,,c[ell1 ,,pet]4 ,public ,libr>y ,/affs4 #ahic4 ,l4,a4 ,s]ies1 #c4 7,simpk947 9999,,libr>y ,,assi/ants' ,,association4 ,report on ! ,h\rs1 ,sal>ies1 ,tra9+ & ,conditions ( ,s]vice ( ,assi/ants 9 ,briti% ,municipal ,libr>ies4 #aiaa4 7,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,assoc47 #egi4 ,,catalogu+ ,bibliography ,,jahr1 ,,tor/e91 & ,,/rohm1 ,a4 ,j4 ,bibliography ( ,co-op]ative ,catalogu+ & ! ,pr9t+ ( ,catalogue ,c>ds1 #ahej-aijb4 #aijc4 7,wa%+ton3 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice47 ,practical ,manuals 99,,bi%op1 ,w4 ,w4 ,practical ,h&book ( ,mod]n ,libr>y ,catalogu+4 #aiad4 7,grafton47 ,,blackburn1 ,c4 ,f4 ,h9ts on ,catalogue ,titles & on ,index ,entries4 ,,cl>ke1 ,a4 ,l4 ,manual ( ,practical ,index+4 #aije4 7,grafton47 99,,craw=d1 ,,e/h]4 ,catalogu+3 sugge/ions = ! small libr>y4 #aijf4 7,bo/on3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 ,,delisle1 ,,leopold4 ,in/ructions p\r la ,mise et le ,ma9ti5 en ,ordre des ,livres d'une ,biblio?que4 #id pp4 #aiaj4 7,p>is3 ,*ampion47 ,,hit*l]1 ,,!resa4 ,catalogu+ = ,small ,libr>ies4 #aiae4 7,bo/on3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 9999,,qu9n1 ,j4 ,h4 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,catalogu+4 #aiac4 7,grafton47 ,,walt]1 ,f4 ,k4 ,abbreviations & ,te*nical ,t]ms us$ 9 ,book ,catalogs & 9 ,bibliographies4 #aiab4 ,useful ,ref]5ce ,s]4 7,bo/on3 ,bo/on ,book ,co47 ,,:eatley1 ,h4 ,b4 ,h[ to ,catalogue a ,libr>y4 #ahhi4 7,/ock47 ,codes 99,,am]ican ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,cond5s$ ,rules = an ,au?or & ,title ,catalog4 #aijd4 7,am]ican ,libr>y ,assoc47 9999,,am]ican ,,libr>y ,,association ,,& ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,catalogu+ ,rules3 au?or & title entries4 #aijh4 7,libr>y ,association47 99,,briti% ,,museum4 ,rules = ,compil+ ! ,catalogues4 #aijj4 7,briti% ,museum47 9999,,cutt]1 ,c4 ,a4 ,rules = a ,diction>y ,catalogue4 7,wa%+ton3 ,u4,s4 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice47 99,,dewey1 ,,melvil4 ,libr>y ,s*ool ,c>d ,catalog ,rules3 ) fifty-two facsimiles ( sample c>ds4 #ahib4 7,bo/on3 ,libr>y ,bureau47 ,,dziatzko1 ,c4 ,in/ruction fr die ,ordnung d] ,titel im ,alphabetis*5 ,zettelkatalog d] ,knigl4 und ,univ]sitts-,biblio!k zu ,breslau4 #ahhf4 9999,,l9d]felt1 ,k4 ,a4 ,eclectic ,c>d ,catalog ,rules3 au?or & title4 #ahij4 7,bo/on3 ,cutt]47 ,n4 ,,york ,,/ate ,,libr>y4 ,,fell[s1 ,j4 ,d4 ,catalogu+ ,rules4 #aiad4 7,albany3 ,n4 ,york ,univ]sity47 ,,p]k9s1 ,f4 ,b4 ,san ,francisco ,catalogu+ = ,public ,libr>ies4 #ahhd4 7,san ,francisco47 ,subject ,head+s 99,,am]ican ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,li/ ( ,subject ,head+s = ,use 9 ,diction>y ,catalogs4 ,ed4 #c2 by ,m4 ,j4 ,briggs2 revis$4 #aiaa4 7,wa%+ton3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 99 ,,mann1 ,,m>g>et4 ,subject ,head+s = ,use 9 ,diction>y ,catalogues ( ,juv5ile ,books4 #aiaf4 7,grafton47 ,annotation 9999,,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,b]wick4 ,fir/ ,/eps 9 ,annotation 9 ,catalogues4 #aiah4 ,l4,a4,a4 ,s]41 #i4 7,libr>y ,assi/ants' ,assoc47 9999,,savage1 ,e4 ,a4 ,manual ( ,descriptive ,annotation = ,libr>y ,catalogues4 #aijf4 7,grafton47 ,=ms & ,production ( ,catalogues 9999,,philip1 ,a4 ,j4 ,! ,production ( ! ,pr9t$ ,catalogue4 #aiaj4 7,atk9son47 9999,,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,b]wick1 & ,,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d4 ,! ,c>d ,catalogue3 a practical manual = public & private libr>ies4 #aiac4 7,grafton47 ---- ,catalogues = ,*ildr54 #aije4 7,ab]de5 ,univ4 ,press47 9999,,/ew>t1 ,j4 ,d4 ,! ,%eaf ,catalogue3 ! compilation ( manuscript catalogues = public & private libr>ies4 #aiji4 7,grafton47 #ehj4 ,,classification ,!oretical & ,practical 9999,,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,libr>y ,classification & ,catalogu+4 #aiab4 7,grafton47 9999,,ri*>dson1 ,e4 ,c4 ,classification3 !oretical & practical4 #aiab4 7,n4 ,york3 ,scribn]'s47 9999,,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,,b]wick4 ,canons ( ,classification ,appli$ to ! ,subject1 ,exp5sive1 ,decimal1 & ,libr>y ( ,congress ,classifications4 #aiae4 7,grafton47 9999---- ,an ,introduction to ,libr>y ,classification3 ) read+s1 que/ions & exam9ation pap]s4 #aiah4 7,grafton47 9999---- ,a ,%ort ,c\rse 9 ,practical ,classification4 7,libr>y ,association47 ,s*emes ,,belgium4 ,,in/itut ,,int]national ,,de ,,bibliographie4 ,classification ,bibliographique ,dcimale3 tables gnrals refondues tablies en vue de la publication du rp]toire bibliographique univ]sel3 dition ,franaise publie avec le conc\rs du ,bureau ,bibliographique de ,p>is4 #ahii-aije4 ,9 progress4 7,brussels3 ,in/4 ,int]nat4 de ,bibliographie47 ---- ,manuel du ,rp]toire ,bibliographique ,univ]sel3 organisation1 tat de travaux1 rgles1 classification4 7,libr>y ,bureau47 9999,,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,subject ,classification4 #aiad4 7,grafton47 ,,cali=nia ,,univ]sity4 ,classification ( ,books 9 ! ,libr>y4 ,ed4 #b2 revis$4 #aiaf4 ,libr>y ,bullet91 #ab4 7,univ4 ( ,cali=nia47 99,,cutt]1 ,c4 ,a4 ,expansive ,classification4 ,9 progress4 7,bo/on3 ,libr>y ,bureau47 9999,,dewey1 ,,melvil4 ,decimal ,classification & ,relative ,index3 = libr>y clipp+s1 notes1 etc4 ,ed4 #i4 #aiae4 7,bo/on3 ,libr>y ,bureau47 ,,flet*]1 ,w4 ,i4 ,libr>y ,classification4 #ahid4 7,bo/on3 ,rob]ts47 ,,ja/1 ,l4 ,s4 ,classification ( ,libr>y ,economy & ,(fice ,pap]s4 #aijg4 7,grafton47 ,,p]k9s1 ,f4 ,b4 ,rational ,classification ( ,lit]ature = ,%elv+ & ,catalogu+ ,books 9 a ,libr>y4 #ahhb4 7,san ,francisco3 ,val5t9e47 ,,unit$ ,,/ates4 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,congress4 ,classification4 #bb pts4 #aijd-af4 7,wa%+ton3 ,gov]nm5t ,pr9t+ ,(fice47 ,au?or ,m>ks 99,,cutt]1 ,c4 ,a4 ,?ree-,figure ,decimal ,alphabetic ,ord] ,table4 #aija4 7,bo/on3 ,libr>y ,bureau47 99---- ,explanation ( ! ,alphabetic ,ord] ,m>ks3 ?ree-figure table4 #aija4 7,bo/on3 ,libr>y ,bureau47 #eha4 ,,bookb9d+ ,,am]ican ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,,committee ,,on ,,b9d+4 ,b9d+ ,specifications = ,comm]cial ,"w4 #aiji4 7,*icago3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 ,,bailey1 ,a4 ,l4 ,libr>y ,bookb9d+4 #aiaf4 7,n4 ,york3 ,wilson47 99,,*iv]s1 ,,c$ric4 ,! ,pap] ( ,l5d+ ,libr>y ,books3 ) rem>ks on _! b9d+s4 #aiaj4 7,ba?3 ,*iv]s47 99,,cock]ell1 ,,d\glas4 ,bookb9d+ & ! ,c>e ( ,books4 #aijf4 7,hogg47 9999,,c\tts1 ,h4 ,t41 & ,,/eph51 ,g4 ,a4 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,bookb9d+3 practical & hi/orical4 #aiaa4 7,grafton47 99,,dana1 ,j4 ,c4 ,notes on ,bookb9d+ = ,libr>ies4 #aijf4 7,bo/on3 ,libr>y ,bureau47 9999,,libr>y ,,association4 ,,s\nd ,,lea!r ,,committee4 ,lea!r = ,libr>ies4 #aije4 7,libr>y ,association47 99,,philip1 ,a4 ,j4 ,bus9ess ( ,bookb9d+4 #aiab4 7,/anley ,paul47 99,,society ,,( ,,arts4 ,report ( ! ,committee on ,lea!r = ,bookb9d+4 #aije4 7,society ( ,arts47 ,,/eph51 ,g4 ,a4 ,comm]cial ,bookb9d+3 ! processes & ! ma*9es us$4 #aiaj4 7,/onhill47 9999,,zaehnsdorf1 ,j4 ,h4 ,bookb9d+4 #aijj4 7,bell47 ,hi/orical 99,,horne1 ,h4 ,p4 ,! ,b9d+ ( ,books4 #ahid4 ,books ab\t ,books4 7,kegan ,paul47 99,,prideaux1 ,s4 ,t4 ,hi/orical ,sket* ( ,bookb9d+4 #ahic4 7,laur5ce ,bull547 #ehb4 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,m$i,,val ,,libr>ies ,,boyd1 ,c4 ,e4 ,public ,libr>ies & ,lit]>y ,culture 9 ,anci5t ,rome4 #aiae4 7,*icago3 ,univ4 ,press47 99,,edw>ds1 ,,edw>d4 ,memoirs ( ,libr>ies4 #b vols4 #ahei4 7,trbn]47 99,,ri*>dson1 ,e4 ,c4 ,! ,beg9n+s ( ,libr>ies4 #aiad4 7,ox=d ,univ4 ,press47 99---- ,biblical ,libr>ies3 libr>y hi/ory1 #cdjj ,b4,c4 to ,a4,d4 #aej4 #aiad4 7,ox=d ,univ4 ,press47 99---- ,"s old ,egyptian ,libr>ies4 #aiaa4 7,ox=d ,univ4 ,press47 99,,savage1 ,e4 ,a4 ,old ,engli% ,libr>ies3 ! mak+1 collection & use ( books dur+ ! middle ages4 #aiaa4 ,antiqu>y's ,books4 7,me?u547 9999---- ,/ory ( ,libr>ies & ,book ,collect+4 7,r\tl$ge47 #ehc4 ,,mod]n ,,libr>ies3 ,,directories ,,& ,,/ati/ics 99,,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,a ,briti% ,libr>y ,it9]>y4 #cj pp4 #aiac4 7,grafton47 9999,,c>negie ,,unit$ ,,k+dom ,,tru/4 ,annual ,report4 #aiad to date4 ---- ,/ati/ics relat+ to ,public ,libr>ies 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 #aiaf4 9999---- ,,adams1 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,g4 ,s4 ,report on ,libr>y ,provision & ,policy4 #aiae4 ,,frankl91 ,,alfr$4 ,guide des ,savants1 des ,littrateurs1 et des ,arti/es dans les ,biblio?ques de ,p>is4 #aijh4 7,p>is3 ,welt]47 ,,gibson1 ,,/rickl&4 ,"s ,ox=d ,libr>ies4 #aiad4 7,ox=d ,univ4 ,press47 9999,libr>ies1 ,museums1 & ,art ,gall]ies ,ye> ,book4 #ahig to date4 7,/anley ,paul47 9999,lit]>y ,ye> ,book4 7,annual47 7,hea?1 ,cranton ,ouseley47 9999,,london ,,univ]sity4 ,,rye1 ,a4 ,r4 ,! ,libr>ies ( ,london3 a guide = /ud5ts4 #aiaj4 7,univ4 ( ,london47 ,,m>cel1 ,,h5ry1 & ,o!rs4 ,la ,biblio?que ,nationale4 #aijg4 7,p>is3 ,r5\>d47 ,,morel1 ,,eug,,ne4 ,la ,librairie ,publique4 #aiaj4 7,p>is3 ,col947 ,,n$]l&s*e ,,biblio!ekgids4 ,uitgave van de ,n$]l&s*e ,v]e5ig+ van ,biblio!c>iss5 en ,biblio!ek-,ambt5>51 ,geve/igd te ,utre*t4 #aiac4 #hh pp4 7,utre*t3 ,oo/hoek47 ,,ogle1 ,j4 ,j4 ,! ,free ,libr>y3 its hi/ory & pres5t condition4 #ahig4 7,all547 9999,,p>liam5t4 ,return ,%[+ ! ,names ( all ,places 9 ,engl&1 ,scotl& & ,irel& 9 :i* ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts _h be5 ,adopt$4 #aiab4 7,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice47 99,,p$die1 ,r4 ,a4 ,! ,briti% ,museum ,read+ ,room3 a h&book = /ud5ts4 #aiab4 7,grafton47 99,,rawl+s1 ,g4 ,b4 ,! ,briti% ,museum ,libr>y4 #aiaf4 7,grafton47 #ehd4 ,,bibliography3 ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,practical 9999,,br[n1 ,j4 ,d4 ,manual ( ,practical ,bibliography4 #aijf4 7,r\tl$ge47 ,,bure1 ,g4 ,f4 ,,de4 ,bibliographie ,in/ructive3 ou1 trait de la connaissance des livres r>es et s+uli]s4 #g vols4 #agfd-fh4 7,p>is3 ,de ,bure47 99,,campbell1 ,f4 ,!ory ( ,national & ,int]national ,bibliography4 #ahif4 7,libr>y ,bureau47 99,,cim1 ,,alb]t4 ,le ,livre3 hi/orique1 fabrication1 a*at1 classem5t1 usage1 et entreti54 #e vols4 #aije-jh4 7,p>is3 ,flamm>ion47 ,,feipel1 ,l4 ,n4 ,elem5ts ( ,bibliography4 #cg pp4 #aiaf4 7,cambridge ,univ4 ,press47 99,,horne1 ,t4 ,h4 ,introduction to ! ,/udy ( ,bibliography4 #b vols4 #ahad4 7,cadwell ,davies47 ,,kleemei]1 ,f4 ,j4 ,h&bu* d] ,bibliographie4 #aijc4 ,,r\veyre1 ,e4 ,connaissances ,ncessaires un ,bibliophile4 ,ed4 #e4 7,p>is3 ,r\veyre47 ,typography3 ,hi/orical ,,ames1 ,j4 ,typographical ,antiquities4 ,ed4 by ,dibd94 #d vols4 #ahaj-ai4 ,,blades1 ,,william4 ,! ,p5tateu* ( ,pr9t+4 #ahia4 7,*icago3 ,m',clurg47 ,,cotton1 ,,h5ry4 ,typographical ,gazette]4 #b vols4 #ahca-ff4 7,ox=d3 ,p>k]47 ,,faulmann1 ,k4 ,ges*i*te d] ,bu*druck]kun/4 #ahhb4 7,vi5na47 99,,humphreys1 ,h4 ,n4 ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+ to ! ,middle ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 #ahfh4 7,qu>it*47 9999,,plom]1 ,h4 ,r4 ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,pr9t+4 #aijj4 7,kegan ,paul47 ,typography3 ,practical 9999,,coll9s1 ,f4 ,h4 7,ed474 ,au?or & ,pr9t]3 a guide = au?ors1 editors1 pr9t]s1 correctors ( ! press1 compositors & typi/s4 #aije4 7,fr[de47 9999,,jacobi1 ,c4 ,t4 ,"s ,notes on ,books & ,pr9t+4 #aijd4 7,:itt+ham47 99,,legros1 ,l4 ,a41 & ,,grant1 ,j4 ,c4 ,typographical ,pr9t+ ,surfaces3 ! te*nology & me*anism ( _! production4 #aiaf4 7,longmans47 ,book ,production 99,,b\*ot1 ,,h5ry4 ,! ,book3 its pr9t]s1 illu/rators & b9d]s3 f ,gut5b]g to ! pres5t "t4 #ahij4 7,grevel47 9999,,dav5port1 ,,cyril4 ,! ,book3 its hi/ory & developm5t4 #aijg4 7,con/able47 ,,duff1 ,e4 ,g4 ,e>ly ,pr9t$ ,books4 #ahic4 ,books ab\t ,books4 7,kegan ,paul47 9999,,hit*cock1 ,f4 ,h4 7,ed474 ,build+ ( a ,book4 #aijg4 7,laurie47 ,,proctor1 ,r4 ,index to ! ,e>ly ,pr9t$ ,books 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 to #aejj4 #d vols4 #ahih-ii4 7,briti% ,museum47 ,copyright ,,cop+]1 ,w4 ,a4 ,law ( ,copyright 9 ,lit]ature & ,art4 #ahic4 7,/ev5s ,haynes47 9999,,oldfield1 ,l4 ,c4 ,f4 ,law ( ,copyright4 #aiab4 7,butt]wor?47 #ehe4 ,,bibliography ,,& ,,book ,,selection ,bibliographies ( ,bibliography ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,li/ ( ,bibliographical ,works 9 ! ,read+ ,room4 7,briti% ,museum47 9999,,c\rtney1 ,w4 ,p4 ,regi/] ( ,national ,bibliography4 #c vols4 #aije-ab4 7,con/able47 99,,humphreys1 ,a4 ,l4 ,h&book to ,c\nty ,bibliography3 a bibliography ( bibliographies relat+ to ! c\nties & t[ns ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 #aiag4 ,,john ,,cr]> ,,libr>y4 ,li/ ( ,bibliographies ( ,special ,subjects4 #aijb4 7,*icago3 ,john ,cr]> ,libr>y47 99,,langlois1 ,c4 ,v4 ,manuel de ,bibliographie ,hi/orique4 #b vols4 #ahif-aijd4 7,p>is3 ,ha*ette47 ,,petzholdt1 ,,julius4 ,biblio!ca ,bibliographica4 #ahff4 7,leipzig3 ,engelmann47 9999,,/e91 ,,h5ri4 ,manuel de ,bibliographie ,gnrale4 #ahig4 7,p>is3 ,pic>d47 ,,vall,e1 ,l4 ,bibliographie des ,bibliographies4 #b vols4 #ahhc-hg4 7,p>is3 ,t]quem47 ,g5]al ,bibliographies 99,,alibone1 ,s4 ,a4 ,critical ,diction>y ( ,engli% ,lit]ature & ,briti% & ,am]ican ,au?ors4 ,) supplem5t2 by ,j4 ,f4 ,kirk4 #e vols4 #ahei-ia4 7,philadelphia3 ,lipp9cott47 ,am]ican ,catalogue ( ,books4 ,vol4 #a1 #ahgf to date4 7,n4 ,york3 ,publi%]s' ,weekly47 ,,am]ican ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,,flet*]1 ,w4 ,t4 7,ed474 ,a4,l4,a4 ,index4 #aije4 7,bo/on3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 ,bibliographie de la ,france3 j\rnal gnral de l'imprim]ie et de la librairie4 7,annual47 7,p>is3 ,au ,c]cle de la ,librairie47 ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,,pr9t$ ,,books1 ,,dep>tm5t ,,(4 ,catalogue ( ,books ,pr9t$ 9 ,engl&1 ,scotl& & ,irel& to #afdj4 #c vols4 #ahhd4 ---- ,catalogue ( ,pr9t$ ,books4 #ee vols4 #ahhb-aije4 99---- ,,=tescue1 ,g4 ,k4 7,ed474 ,subject ,index ( ! ,mod]n ,works ,add$ to ! ,libr>y4 ,vols4 #a-e4 #ahha-aiaj4 99,,brunet1 ,j4 ,c4 ,manuel du ,libraire4 ,) supplem5t4 #h vols4 #ahfj-hj4 7,p>is3 ,didot47 9999,engli% ,catalogue ( ,books4 #ahce to date4 7,publi%]s' ,circul>47 ,,graesse1 ,j4 ,g4 ,t4 ,trsor de ,livres ,r>es et ,prcieux4 #g vols4 #ahei-fi4 7,dresd547 ,,ha91 ,l4 ,rep]torium ,bibliographicum4 ,) supplem5t2 by ,w4 ,a4 ,cop+]4 #f vols4 #ahbf-ih4 ,,koehl]4 ,lag]-,v]zei*niss ,gebund5] ,b*]1 ,atlant51 und ,musikali54 7,annual47 7,leipzig47 99,,london ,,libr>y4 ,catalogue4 ,ed4 ,c4 ,t4 ,h4 ,wright & ,c4 ,j4 ,purnell4 #b vols4 #aiac-ad4 7,london ,libr>y47 99---- ,subject ,index ( ! ,l4,l4 ,ed4 ,c4 ,t4 ,h4 ,wright4 #aiji4 7,williams ,norgate47 ,,lor5z1 ,,otto4 ,catalogue ,gnrale de la ,librairie ,franaise1 #ahdj-aije4 7,p>is3 ,librairie ,nilsson47 9999,,l[ndes1 ,w4 ,t4 ,bibliograph]'s ,manual ( ,engli% ,lit]ature4 #f vols4 #aheg-fd4 7,bell47 ,,paglia9i1 ,,attilo4 ,catalogo ,g5]ale della ,libr]ia ,italiana dell'anno #ahdg a tutto il #ahii4 #c vols4 #aija-e4 7,milan3 ,assoc4 ,tipografico ,libr]ia ,italiana47 ,,panz]1 ,g4 ,w4 ,annales ,typographici4 #aa vols4 #agic-ahjc4 7,nurnb]g47 9999,,pittsburgh4 ,,c>negie ,,libr>y4 ,classifi$ ,catalogue4 #h vols4 9 #be4 #ahie-aiad4 ,ref]5ce ,catalogue ( ,curr5t ,lit]ature4 #ahgd to date4 7,:itak]47 ,,watt1 ,,rob]t4 ,biblio!ca ,britannica3 a g5]al index ( ,briti% & =eign lit]ature4 #d vols4 #ahbd4 7,con/able47 #ehg4 ,,guides ,,to ,,book ,,selection ,g5]al 99,,am]ican ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,a4,l4,a4 ,book-li/3 a guide to ! be/ new books4 ,vol4 #a1 to date4 #aije to date4 ---- ,a4,l4,a4 ,catalog4 #b vols4 #aiab4 7,wa%+ton3 ,u4,s4 ,gov4 ,pr9t+ ,(fice47 9999,,rob]tson1 ,j4 ,m4 ,c\rses ( ,/udy4 #aijd4 7,watts47 99,,sonn5s*e91 ,w4 ,s4 ,! ,be/ ,books3 a read]'s guide to ! *oice ( ! be/ available books4 #b vols4 #aiaj-ab4 ,9 progress4 7,r\tl$ge47 9999,,/&>d ,,books3 an annotat$ & classifi$ guide to ! be/ books 9 all dep>tm5ts ( lit]ature4 #d vols4 7,nelson47 ,books = ! ,"y ,,bacon1 ,,cor9ne 7,ed474 ,*ildr5's ,catalogue ( ,two ,?\s& ,books3 a guide to ! be/ read+ = boys & girls1 bas$ on fifty-f\r select$ libr>y li/s & bullet9s4 #aiaf4 ,/&>d ,catalogue ,s]4 7,n4 ,york3 ,wilson47 9999,,field1 ,w4 ,t4 ,f+]po/s to ,*ildr5's ,read+4 #aijg4 7,*icago3 ,m',clurg47 ,,f9sbury ,,public ,,libr>ies4 ,,cannons1 ,h4 ,g4 ,c4 ,descriptive ,h&book to ,juv5ile ,lit]ature1 #aijf4 99,,olcott1 ,f4 ,j4 ,! ,*ildr5's ,read+4 #aiab4 7,bo/on3 ,h\ghton1 ,miffl9 ,co47 ,,pott]1 ,m4 ,e41 & ,o!rs4 ,*ildr5's ,catalog3 a guide to ! be/ read+ = "y p4 #aiji4 7,m9neapolis3 ,wilson47 ,,pittsburgh4 ,,c>negie ,,libr>y4 ,grad$ & ,annotat$ ,catalogue ( ,books = ! ,use ( ! ,city ,s*ool4 #aijj4 ---- ,catalogue ( ,books 9 ! ,*ildr5's ,dep>tm5t4 #aiji4 ,works ( ,ref]5ce ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,,pr9t$ ,,books1 ,,dep>tm5t ,,(4 ,li/ ( ,books =m+ ! ,ref]5ce ,libr>y 9 ! ,read+ ,room ( ! ,b4,m4 #b vols4 #aiaj4 7,briti% ,museum47 99,,hopk9s1 ,f4 ,m4 ,ref]5ce ,guides t ,%\ld be ,kn[n & ,h[ to ,use ,!m4 #aiaf4 7,detroit3 ,will>d47 9999,,kroeg]1 ,a4 ,b4 ,guide to ! ,/udy & ,use ( ,ref]5ce ,books4 ,ed4 #c1 by ,i4 ,g4 ,mudge2 revis$ & enl>g$4 #aiag4 7,*icago3 ,a4,l4,a4 ,publ4 ,bo>d47 ,hi/orical ,works ,,adams1 ,c4 ,k4 ,manual ( ,hi/orical ,lit]ature4 #ahhh4 7,n4 ,york3 ,h>p]47 9999,,gross1 ,c4 ,s\rces & ,lit]ature ( ,engli% ,hi/ory3 to #adhe4 ,ed4 #b2 revis$4 #aiae4 7,longmans47 ,fiction 9999,,bak]1 ,e4 ,a4 ,guide to ! ,be/ ,fiction 9 ,engli%4 #aiac4 7,r\tl$ge47 9999---- ,guide to ,hi/orical ,fiction4 #aiad4 7,r\tl$ge47 ,,nield1 ,,jona?an4 ,guide to ! ,be/ ,hi/orical ,novels & ,tales4 #aijd4 7,elk9 ,mat!ws47 ,anonyms & ,pseudonyms ,,b>bi]1 ,a4 ,a4 ,dictionnaire des ,ouvrages ,anonymes4 ,ed4 #c4 #d vols4 #ahgb-gh4 7,p>is3 ,daffis47 9999,,c\rtney1 ,w4 ,p4 ,secrets ( ,our ,national ,lit]ature4 #aijh4 7,con/able47 9999,,cu%+1 ,,william4 ,anonyms4 #b vols4 #ahij4 7,n4 ,york3 ,sampson ,l[47 99---- ,initials & ,pseudonyms4 #ahhe4 7,n4 ,york3 ,sampson ,l[47 99,,halkett1 ,,samuel1 & ,,la+1 ,,john4 ,diction>y ( ! ,anonym\s & ,pseudonym\s ,lit]ature ( ,great ,brita94 #d vols4 #ahhb-hh4 7,ed9burgh3 ,pat]son47 ,,qu,,r>d1 ,j4 ,m4 ,dictionnaire des ,ouvrages ,pseudonymes et ,anonymes de la ,littrature ,franaise1 #agjj-ahde4 #c vols4 #ahdf4 7,p>is3 ,daffis47 ,,well]1 ,e4 ,lexicon ,pseudonymorum4 #b vols4 #ahhf4 7,reg5burg47 ,book ,prices4 ,sale ,records ,am]ican ,book ,prices ,curr5t4 7,annual47 ,vol4 #a1 #ahie to date4 7,n4 ,york3 ,dodd47 99,book ,auction ,records4 7,qu>t]ly47 ,vol4 #a1 #aijb to date4 7,k>slake47 9999,book ,prices ,curr5t4 7,annual47 ,vol4 #a1 #ahhf to date4 7,/ock47 99,,clegg1 ,,james4 ,int]national ,directory ( ,booksell]s' & ,bibliophiles' ,manual4 #ahii to date4 7,ro*dale3 ,clegg74 ,p]iodical ,indexes ,annual ,libr>y ,index4 #ahib to date4 7,n4 ,york3 ,publi%]s' ,weekly47 9999,,libr>y ,,association4 8,subject0 ,index to ,p]iodicals4 ,vol4 #a4 #aiae to date4 ,,poole1 ,w4 ,f41 & ,o!rs4 ,index to ,p]iodical ,lit]ature4 7,qu9qu5nially47 ,vols4 #a-b1 #ahjb-ha to date4 #ahhg to date4 7,kegan ,paul47 ,read]s' ,guide to ,p]iodical ,lit]ature4 #aijj to date4 7,n4 ,york3 ,wilson47 ,,index ,! ,numb]s are ^? ( ,sections1 n ,pages4 ,ref]5ces to individual ,bibliographies are omitt$4 ,ab/ract /ock %eets1 #bbe ,accession1 me?ods1 #bjg-bi ---- rural libr>ies1 #edf ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #eac ,acc\nts1 libr>y1 #di ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 ,g5]al1 #a ---- ,special1 #b ,adams1 ,w4 ,g4 ,s41 ,on ,libr>y ,provision1 #cj1 #edd ,additions1 li/s (3 plac>d1 #bhi2 c>d1 #bgd-ha2 bullet91 #bfd2 %[-case1 #cid ,adju/able classification1 #bdj ---- indicator1 #cia ---- p]iodical li/1 #dgd ---- %eaf catalogue1 #bhf ---- %elv+1 #adg-dh ,adoption ( ,acts1 #d 7a7 7b71 #ad-ba ,adv]tis+1 appo9tm5ts1 #fi ---- = ar*itects1 #aae ---- = build+ contracts1 #abe ,age limits1 #cej-ea ,ag5da = committees1 #ai-bc ,agreem5ts1 #dd-dg ,alphabetical-class$ catalogue1 #beg ,am]ica4 ,see ,unit$ ,/ates ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 #ii ,anci5t libr>ies1 bibliography (1 #ehb ,&]son1 ,p4 ,j41 #bdb ,anglo-,am]ican catalogue rules1 #bfc ,annotation1 #beh2 bibliography (1 #egi ,annual report1 #fa-fc ,appliances1 rural libr>y1 museum (1 #edh ,application =ms1 ref]5ce1 #dji ,applications1 libr>ians'1 #fi ,appo9tm5ts1 assi/ants1 #gg-ih2 libr>ians1 #ff-gc ,ar*itects1 libr>y1 #aae ,ar*itectural competitions1 #aae-ah ,ar*itecture1 libr>y1 #ajg-db2 bibliography (1 #egg ,art gall]ies1 #efb-fc ,arts1 ,society (1 #cda ,assi/ants1 qualifications1 appo9tm5t1 sal>ies1 etc41 #gg-ih2 names1 #efg-fi ,assessm5t to rates & taxes1 #cg-dj ,associations1 libr>y1 #ii-aje2 bibliography (1 #ege ,a!num ,subject ,index1 #aia ,att5dances1 at committee meet+s1 #bb ---- c\nt+1 #dgh ,att5dant1 #efi ,audit ( acc\nts1 #ea ,au/ralian libr>y legislation1 #g ,au?or catalogue1 #beg2 entry1 #bfc2 m>ks1 #bdb1 #bed ,au?ors1 local1 #dbg ,autographs1 local1 #dbh ,baillie1 ,g41 #ah ,balances ( rate1 #bg ,b>oda1 public libr>ies1 #g ,b>omet]s 9 libr>ies1 #ada ,b>ri]s1 #aca-ce ,bespeak+ books1 #cfj 7#bc71 #cfa 7#bc7 ,be/ books1 #aha-he ,bett+ news1 8black+-out10 #dfb ,bibliographical ,society1 #ajc ,bibliographies1 #ehd ,bibliography ( bibliography1 #ehf ---- ( libr>y sci5ce1 #ega ,b9d]s = catalogues1 #bfh-ij ,b9d+4 ,see ,bookb9d+ ,b9d+ pamphlets1 #dad ,birm+ham1 #dej ,bi%opsgate catalogue1 #beg 8,black+-out0 bett+ news1 #dfb ,blank =ms1 #cbb ,bl9d1 books = !1 #aig ,bodleian ,libr>y1 #bfb ,bonnange c>d tray1 #bgi ,bonazzi1 #bce ,bolton1 catalogue1 #beg ,bookb9d+1 #cca-dg2 specification1 #cda2 bibliography (1 #eha ,book c>ds1 #bag ---- cases1 #adc-ed ---- clubs1 #djc-jd ,book-keep+1 libr>y1 #di ---- labels1 #bbg ---- m>ks1 #cdd ---- ord]+1 #bac-ad ---- plates1 #bai ---- prices1 bibliography (1 #ehg ---- production1 bibliography1 #ehd ---- re/s1 #bej ---- selection1 #agd-bjf ---- ---- bibliography (1 #ehf ---- ---- classification 91 #bcj ---- ---- = *ildr51 #dhh-ij ---- ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #eae ---- /&s1 #bea-eb ,books = libr>ians1 #ic ,borr[]s1 regi/ration1 #cfg-ge ,borr[+ money = libr>y purposes1 #cc et seq4 ,borr[+ rights1 #ceb-ed ,bo/on public libr>y1 #h ,b\rnem\? b9d]y1 #ccc ,brad=d1 #dej ,bran* libr>ian1 #hj1 #efi ---- libr>ies1 #cig-djj ---- ---- sup]9t5d5t (1 #gi ,bray1 ,dr ,t41 #h ,brighton libr>y1 #cib2 b9d]y1 #ccc ,brisbane public libr>y1 #g ,bri/ol b9d]y1 #ccc ,briti% ,museum1 #gj1 #ajg1 #bfb1 #bfi1 #bga1 #cff2 catalogue1 #beg2 subject index1 #beg ,broadsides1 m\nt+1 #dcf ,brooklyn catalogue1 #beg ,br[n1 ,j4 ,d41 #bce1 #bci1 #bdj1 #bfb1 #cia1 #cie1 etc4 ,brunet1 ,j4 ,c41 #bce ,budget1 annual f9ancial1 #cj et seq4 ,build+s1 libr>y1 bibliography (1 #egg ---- ---- legislative provision =1 #d 7d7 ---- ---- specifications & contracts1 #abd ---- ---- !ory ( libr>y plans1 #ajg-bc ,bullet9s1 #bfd ---- picture1 *ildr5's1 #dih ,bye-laws1 #cdi-fd ,cab9ets1 c>d1 #bgd-ha ----1 fil+1 #cja1 etc4 ----1 /ation]y1 #cbd ,canadian libr>y legislation1 #g ,c>d catalogues1 #bfj1 #bgd-ha ---- *>g+1 #cgh-hd ---- di>y1 #cad ,c>etak]s1 #ie ,c>negie1 ,&rew1 ,intro41 ,,iii41 #ah ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 #aj1 #edd2 rural libr>ies1 #ede ,catalogue c>d1 #bgd-ha ---- codes & rules1 #bfb ---- copy1 #bfe ---- display me?ods1 #bfh-ij ---- =ms1 #bei ---- page1 #bfi ---- panoramic1 #bij ---- plac>d1 #bhi ---- %eaf1 #bfa1 #bhb-hh ,catalogu+1 bibliography (1 #egi ---- *ildr5's books1 #ejc-jd ---- code1 ,anglo-,am]ican1 #bfc ---- co-op]ative1 #bfg ---- local collection1 #dch ---- local maps1 #dda ---- pr9ts1 #dci ---- ref]5ce libr>y1 #dac ---- rules1 #bef-fg ---- rural libr>ies1 #edf ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #eac ,c5tral l5d+ libr>y = /ud5ts1 #deg ,c]tificate ( exemption f paym5t ( rates1 #de-dh ,*airs1 #afg-gj1 #daf ,*>g+ me?ods1 #cgf-if ---- rural libr>ies3 c5tral1 #edf2 local1 #edg ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #ead ,*ief assi/ant1 #efi ,*ief libr>ian1 qualifications1 appo9tm5t1 sal>ies1 etc41 #fe-gf2 nom5clature1 #efi ,*ildr51 insurance aga9/ injury to1 #db ,*ildr51 "w )1 ,intro41 ,v4 7#a-b71 #dhb-ebe ,*ildr5's books1 bibliography (1 #ehg ---- lectures1 #dif ---- libr>ian1 #dia1 #dic ---- rooms1 #cih1 #dhb ,civics libr>ies1 #dde-di ,class-li/s1 pr9t$1 #bei ,class$1 alphabetical1 catalogue1 #beg ,classes ( lit]ature 9 libr>ies1 #ahj ,classification1 #bcj-ee ---- ,adju/able1 #bdj ---- bibliography (1 #ehj ---- *ildr5's books1 #ejc-jd ---- ,congress1 #bch ---- ,decimal1 #bcf ---- ,expansive1 #bcg ---- guides1 #bee ---- libr>y economy1 #cjb ---- local collection1 #dcg ---- pr9ciples (1 #bcj-cd ---- ref]5ce libr>y1 #dab ---- rural libr>ies1 #edf ---- ,subject1 #bci ---- catalogue1 #beg ,clean]s1 #ie ,clean+ ( build+s1 #abh ,cl]k1 #efi ---- ( works1 #abf ,cl]k5well libr>y1 #cie ,clipp+s1 newspap]1 #cji1 #dae ,clocks = libr>ies1 #ada ,clo? b9d+1 #ccf ,clubs1 /aff1 #aje ,cock]ell1 ,d41 #cda ,codes1 catalogue1 #bfb ,co9s1 local1 #dca ,collections1 local1 #aij1 #dbd-dd ---- special1 #aij ,colonial libr>y legislation1 #g1 #ac ,col\rs1 bookb9d+1 #cch ---- book-m>k+1 #bdg ,comm]cial libr>ies1 ,intro41 ,v4 7#c71 #dej-ei ,commissions1 illegal1 #df ,committees1 appo9tm5t1 con/itution1 delegation ( p[]s1 ag5das1 etc41 #ai-bc ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #ejh ---- /ati/ics =1 #fj ,companies ,acts1 #f ,concilium ,bibliographicum1 c>ds1 #bfj ,conf]5ce1 ,libr>y ,association1 #ajj ,congress1 ,libr>y (1 catalogue c>ds1 #bfj2 classification1 #bch2 subject head+s1 #beg ,contracts1 #dd-df ---- build+1 #abd ,co-op]ative catalogu+1 #bfg ,copy = pr9t]1 #bfe ,copyright1 bibliography (1 #ehd ,correspond5ce1 fil+1 #cja1 etc4 ,corrupt ,practices ,act1 #df ,cotgreave indicator1 #chi ,c\nt]s1 #aca-ce ,c\nty ,c\ncils & rural libr>ies1 #edd1 etc4 ,cov]s = books1 #ccg ,cr]>1 ,john1 libr>y1 c>ds1 #bfj ,croydon1 #bfd1 #cde1 #cii2 b9d]y1 #ccd ,cutt]1 ,c4 ,a41 #bfb2 classification1 #bcg2 au?or-m>ks1 #bdb ---- ,w4 ,p41 #bcg ,cutt+ ( books1 #bbi ,cutt+s1 newspap]1 #dae ,cycle accommodation1 #aci ,decimal classification1 #bcf ,decoration ( build+s1 #aaj ,de$s1 local1 #ddb ,default]s1 *ildr51 #dhf ,delegation ( p[]s to committees1 #ba ,deliv]y /ations1 #dja ---- at s*ools1 #ebj ,depositors1 #cfj 7#af71 #cfa 7#af7 ,deputy-libr>ian1 #gh1 #efi ,desks1 #aga-gb ,dewey1 ,m41 #bfb2 classification1 #bcf ,di>y1 c>d1 #cad ,diction>y catalogue1 #beg ,diploma ( ,libr>y ,association1 #fh et seq41 #ajj-ja ,disc>d$ books1 index1 #caf ,disc>d+ books1 #aii-bja ,diseases1 infecti\s1 notification1 #cfj 7#be71 #cfa 7#be71 #cfd ,di/rict auditors1 #ea ,dogs 9 libr>ies1 #aci ,donations1 #bjg-ji ,d\btful books1 #ahh ,dummies1 %elf1 #bdf-dh ,dunf]ml9e1 ,c>negie rural libr>ies1 #ede-dh ,duplex c>d tray1 #bha ,duplicate borr[]s' tickets1 #cfj 7#ai71 #cga ,duplicates ( popul> books1 #ahf ,duplicat+ ma*9es1 #cbe ,du/+1 #cbh ,dyall indicator1 #chg ,easels1 read+1 #aff ,education ,act1 #aiah1 #hd ,education au?orities1 libr>ies &1 ,intro41 ,,vi4 7#c71 #eji ,educational "w ( ,libr>y ,association1 #aja ,edw>ds1 ,edw>d1 ,intro41 ,,ii41 #bce1 etc4 ,edw>ds1 ,j4 ,passmore1 #ah ,elliott indicator1 #chh ,end-pap]s1 #cde ,end[m5ts1 #ah ,en=cem5t ( rules1 #ceh-ei ,engrav$ records1 local1 #dca ,engrav+s 9 libr>ies1 #aic ,envelopes1 #cbb ,e/imate ( exp5diture1 annual1 #bi-ca ---- rural libr>ies1 #edi ,evaluation ( books1 #beh ,exam9ations1 ,libr>y ,association1 #aja ,ex*anges betwe5 libr>ies1 #dje ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #eaf ,exhibitions1 book & pr9t1 #ecg ---- *ildr5's1 #dii ,expansive classification1 #bcg ,exp5diture1 e/imate ( annual1 #bi-ca ---- rural libr>ies1 #edi ---- /ati/ics1 #fb ,faades1 build+1 #aab ,fiction 9 libr>ies1 #aha ---- bibliography (1 #ehg ,fil+1 #cjj-ba ---- newspap]s & p]iodicals1 #dgg ---- v]tical1 #bac ,f9ance1 libr>y1 #bf-ea ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #eaj-aa ,f9es & p5alties1 #ced 7#e71 #cee ---- ---- *ildr5's1 #dhf ,f9i%+1 bookb9d+1 #cce-ci ,fire-ext+ui%+ app>atus1 #da ,fitt+s1 #acj-eh ---- *ildr5's libr>y1 #dhg ,fold]s1 fil+1 #caj ,=eign languages1 books 91 #aij ,=m classes1 #bcb ,=ms1 #cbb ,fulham ,nor? ,libr>y1 #agj ,furniture1 #aei-gb ---- bibliography (1 #egg ---- lecture room1 #agc1 #ebf ---- ref]5ce libr>y1 #djh ---- *ildr5's libr>y1 #dhg ,gall]ies1 #aef ,ge/etn]1 #cbe ,gifts1 book1 #bjg-ji ,giss+1 ,george1 #dcc ,glasg[1 #dej2 jo9t-te*nical catalogues1 #bfg4 ,see also ,mit*ell ,libr>y4 ,g[]1 ,ja/1 & ,topley1 #cjg ,graham indicator1 #cib ,gre5wood1 ,?omas1 #af1 #di ,guides1 c>d catalogue1 #bgd ---- *>g+ sy/em1 #chd ,guilds1 /aff1 #aje ,hamp/ead catalogue1 #beg ,h&books ( libr>y economy1 #egc ,h&les = bookcases1 #aeh ,h&writ+1 libr>y1 #bfe ,h>ris1 #bce ,h>twig1 #bce ,hat rails1 #afi ,heal? insurance1 /aff1 #dc ,heat+ ( build+s1 #abh ,he!r+ton1 ,e4 ,l41 #fb ,hi/orical books1 bibliography (1 #ehg ,hit*l]1 ,t41 #bfb ,holiday op5+1 #cef ,home b9d+1 #ccc ,hopk9s1 ,f4 ,m41 #dah ,h\rs1 *ildr5's libr>y1 #dia ---- ( libr>ies1 #cdi ---- /aff1 #hc-hd ,hull b9d]y1 #ccc ,illu/ration collection1 = *ildr51 #dih ,illu/rations1 local1 #dbi ---- m\nt+1 #dcf ---- /ati/ics (1 #eg ,imag9ative lit]ature1 #aha ,improp] books1 #ahh ,income1 /ati/ics1 #ee-fc ---- ,tax ,act1 #cg ,index1 classification1 #bcb ---- correspond5ce1 #cjc ---- ( m9utes1 #cae ---- ( p]iodicals1 #ehg2 ,l4,a41 #beg ---- ( read]s1 #dbb ---- /ation]y & supplies1 #cad ,index+1 #cjj-ba ,india ,(fice1 #gj ---- legislation1 libr>y1 #g ,indicators1 #chf-if ,individual files1 #cja1 etc4 ,indu/rial libr>ies1 #dej-ei ,indu/ries1 local1 #def ,infecti\s diseases1 notification1 #cfj 7#be71 #cfa 7#be71 #cfd ---- ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #eah ,in=mation bureaux1 #dba ,in/itut ,int]national1 c>ds1 #bfj ,insurances1 #da-dc1 #ia ,int]-libr>y ex*anges1 #dje ,inv5tory book1 #cbf-bg ,irel&1 ,libr>ies ,acts1 #a et passim ,isl+ton public libr>ies1 #afd1 #bde1 #dfc2 ,select catalogue1 #beg ,issue *>g+1 app>atus1 #chb-if ---- me?ods1 #cgf-if ---- ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #ead ---- 8privileges10 #ecc ---- /ati/ics (1 #ee-fc ,janitors1 #ie1 #efi ,ja/1 ,l4 ,s41 #bdb1 #bfb1 #cad1 #ecc2 ,classification1 #cjb ,junior assi/ants1 #hf1 #efi ,juv5ile libr>ies4 ,see ,*ildr5 ,kais]1 ,j4 ,b41 #ddh ,keys1 #cbh2 index+1 #cah ,kroeg]1 ,a4 ,b41 #dah1 etc4 ,label hold]s1 #bdi ,labell+ books1 #bbg ,ladd]s1 #aef ,ladies' rooms1 #dgi ,lamb]t's adju/able %elv+1 #adi-ej ,lant]n1 optical1 #agc ,lant]n slides1 #aie ---- ---- fil+1 #caa ---- ---- index+1 #cac ---- ---- use (1 #ecb ,lavatory accommodation1 public1 #dhj ,law1 libr>y1 bibliography (1 #egf ,lea!r b9d+1 #ccg ,lecture room1 bran*1 #cih ---- ---- furniture1 #agc ,lectur]s' index1 #cah ,lectures1 #ebf-cd2 = *ildr51 #dif ,l$g] *>g+1 #cgg ,le$s1 #dej ,legality ( rules1 #ceh-ei ,legislation1 libr>y1 #a1 #aj ---- libr>y1 bibliography (1 #egf ,l5d+ dep>tm5t1 accommodation1 #aah1 #aba1 #abb ---- ---- books =1 #ahi ---- ---- *ildr5's1 #dhf ---- ---- rules1 #cfj 7#ab-ai7 ---- ---- /ati/ics1 #ee-fc ,l5d+ ( ref]5ce books1 #dag ,lessons1 libr>y1 #eja-jb ,lett]+ books1 #cci-dj ,lett]s1 fil+1 #cja1 etc4 ,leyd5 slip catalogue1 #bhc ,libr>ian1 qualifications1 appo9tm5t1 sal>ies1 etc41 #fe-gf1 #efi ,libr>ian1 *ildr5's1 #dia1 #dic ,libr>ian1 rural libr>ies1 #eej ,libr>ian1 s*ool1 #ead ,libr>ian's libr>y1 #ic1 #egj-hg ,libr>ians-9-*>ge1 #hj1 #efi ,libr>ian%ip1 developm5t (1 ,intro41 ,,iv4 ,libr>y & ! s*ool1 #ejf-be ,libr>y appliances1 rural1 museum (1 #edh ---- ar*itecture1 bibliography (1 #egg ---- ,assi/ants' ,association1 #ajb ,libr>y ,association1 ,intro41 ,,iv4-,,vi41 #ii1 #aja ---- ---- c]tificates1 #fh et seq4 ---- ---- ,conf]5ce1 #gc 7#e71 #ajj ---- ---- def9itions ( /ock1 #bbh ---- ---- ,index to ,p]iodicals1 #aia1 #beg ---- ---- ,record1 #cfj ---- ---- resolutions1 ,intro41 ,v4 ---- ---- /ati/ics summ>y1 #fb-fc ---- ,associations1 bibliography (1 #ege ---- build+s1 bibliography (1 #egg ---- c\ncils1 #ha ---- economy1 bibliography (1 #egj-hg ---- economy libr>y1 #ic ---- furniture1 bibliography (1 #egg ---- hi/ory1 bibliography (1 #ehb-hc ---- lessons1 #eja-jb ---- ( ,congress1 classification1 #bce1 #bch ---- ( libr>y economy1 #egj-hg ---- p]iodicals1 bibliography (1 #ege ---- policy1 bibliography1 #egb ---- read+s1 #ece-cf ---- ,s*ool1 ,london ,univ]sity ,college1 #cce ---- sci5ce1 bibliography1 #ega ---- tra9+1 #aja ,libr>ies ,acts3 municipal1 #a-d2 non-municipal1 #e ---- directories (1 #ehc ---- rural1 #edb-ea ---- ,sunday s*ool1 #eba ---- tea*]s'1 #ebb ,lifts1 #acg ,light+ ( build+s1 #abh ,l9d]felt1 ,k4 ,a41 #bfb ,li/s1 read+1 #bfd ,lit]>y in/itutions1 #f ---- ,societies ,act1 #cg ,liv]pool1 #dej ,loans1 #cc-cf ,local collections1 #aij1 #dbd-dd ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d1 #cfj ---- ---- ,(fic]s1 ,national ,association (1 #gb ,local indu/ries1 #def ,local museums1 #eeb ,london ,libr>y1 ,index1 #beg ,london ,s*ool ( ,economics1 ,intro41 ,,iv4 ,loose fil+1 #cja1 etc4 ,loose-leaf accession book1 #bbf ,ly/]1 ,t4 ,w41 #bcg ,mac,alister1 ,j4 ,y4 ,w41 ,intro41 ,,iv41 #cga ,magaz9e room1 managem5t1 #dga-gh ---- ----1 rules1 #cfj 7#cj-cc7 ,magaz9es1 fil+1 #dgg ---- libr>y1 #bfd ---- selection1 #dga ---- sets (1 #aia ,man*e/] ,public ,libr>ies1 #cee1 #dej ,manuscripts1 local1 #dbh ,maps1 #aih ---- catalogu+1 #dda ---- fil+1 #cjg ---- local1 #dbi1 #ddj ,m>ks on books1 #bdg ,m$ival libr>ies1 bibliography (1 #ehb ,melb\rne ,public ,libr>y1 #g ,metropolitan ,bor\gh ,c\ncils1 #ba ,m9utes1 index+1 #cae ,miss+ books1 index1 #cag ,mit*ell ,libr>y1 #afh1 #agb1 #bfi1 #ccd ,mod]n libr>ies1 bibliography1 #ehc ,mortgages1 regi/] (1 #ce ,m\nt+1 illu/rations1 pr9ts1 etc41 #dcf ,m\nts1 illu/ration1 #dih ,mudie's ,libr>y1 #djd ,municipal libr>y legislation1 #a-d ---- records1 #dbh ---- ref]5ce libr>ies1 ,intro41 ,v4 7#e71 #dde-di ,munim5ts1 #dbh ,museum libr>ies1 #ajg-jh ---- ( libr>y appliances1 rural libr>ies1 #edh ,museums1 #eeb-fc ---- ,acts1 #eee-eg ,museums ,association1 #ajc ,music1 #aib ,names ( libr>y positions1 #efd-fi ,natal legislation1 #g ,national ,home ,read+ ,union1 #eci ,negatives1 fil+1 #cab ,nelson 8,/&>d ,books10 #bjb1 #bjd ,newca/le1 catalogue1 #beg ,new ,s\? ,wales legislation1 #g ,new ,zeal& legislation1 #g ,newspap]s1 8black+-out10 #dfb ---- fil+1 #dgg ---- fitt+s1 #dfh-gj ---- local1 #dbf ---- /&s1 #dff-fg ,newsroom1 accommodation1 #dfj ---- *ildr5's1 #dhe ---- managem5t1 #dfj-fa ---- rules1 #cfj 7#cj-cc7 ---- /ati/ics1 #ei ,non-resid5t borr[]s1 #ceb ,norwi*1 ,intro41 ,,ii4 ,notation = books & %elves1 #bcb1 #bdc-dd ,notes1 book1 #beh ,nott+ham1 #dhb ,novels1 #aha ,numb]-books1 #bae-af ,numb]+ books1 #cci-dj ,numb]s = books1 #bda ,occupations ( read]s1 #eh ,ogle1 ,j4 ,j41 ,intro41 ,,iii4 ,ont>io legislation1 #g ,op5 access1 #cie ---- ---- b>ri]s1 #acb-cc ---- ---- books & %elf m>k+1 #bdc-ee ---- ---- ref]5ce libr>y1 #dji ,op5+ c]emonies1 #abg ,ord]s1 book1 #bac-ad ,out-(-pr9t books1 #ahg ,ov]dues1 #dge ,page catalogues1 #bfi ,pamphlets1 treatm5t (1 #dad ,panizzi ,club1 #ajc ,panoramic catalogues1 #bij ,pap]s1 book1 #cce ,p>i% regi/]s1 #dbh ,p>liam5t1 ,h\ses (1 #gj ,p>liam5t>y pap]s1 #bjg ,p>o*ial records1 #dbh ,pat5t ,(fice1 catalogue1 #beg ,pegamoid1 #ccf ,p]iodicals1 arrangem5t1 #dgb-gd ---- *ecks on deliv]ies1 #dge ---- fil+1 #dgg ---- indexes (1 #ehg ---- indicators1 #cic ---- ,l4,a4 ,index1 #beg ---- libr>y1 bibliography (1 #ege ---- racks & tables1 #afb-fe ,p]k9s1 ,f4 ,b41 #bce1 #bfb ,p]? 7,w4,a47 ,public libr>y1 #g ,philadelphia1 ,comm]cial ,museum1 #dej ,photographic surveys1 #dcc ,photographs1 #aid2 fil+1 #cjg ,picture collection1 = *ildr51 #dih ,pittsburgh libr>y1 c>ds1 #bfj2 catalogue1 #beg ,plac>d catalogues1 #bhi ,plans1 libr>y1 #aae-bc ---- ( classification1 #bdd ,plat=m1 lecture room1 #ebf ,port]s1 #ie ,portsm\? b9d]y1 #ccc ,prelim9>y ,exam9ation1 ,libr>y ,association1 #aja ,price li/s 9 libr>ies1 #aif ,pr9t$ catalogue1 #bei ,pr9t+ specifications1 #bff ,pr9ts1 catalogu+1 #dci2 fil+1 #cjg2 local1 #dbi2 m\nt+1 #dcf 8,privilege0 issues1 #ecc ,probation]1 #efi ,programmes ( lectures1 #eca ,propositions = books1 #baj ,public & /aff1 #if ---- ,bodies ,corrupt ,practices ,act1 #ahhi1 #df ---- docum5ts1 #bjg ---- ,libr>ies ,acts1 #a-d ---- ---- me?ods ( adopt+1 #ad-ag ---- rules & bye-laws1 #cdi-fd ,que5sl& legislation1 #g ,quick-ref]5ce collection1 bran*1 #cih ,qu9n1 ,j4 ,h41 #bfb ,racks = fil+1 #aee ---- p]iodicals1 #afb-fe ,rates1 exemption1 #cg-dj ---- libr>y1 #d 7c7 ,ratepay]s' v\*]s1 #cfg-fi ,read]s1 indexes (1 #dbb ---- /ati/ics (1 #ee-fc ---- sugge/ions1 #baj ---- tickets1 #ced 7#a7 ,read+ circles1 #eci ---- & clubs1 *ildr5's1 #dig ---- easels1 #aff ---- rooms1 *ildr5's1 #dhe ---- tables1 #afj-fa ,read+ li/s1 #bfd ---- ---- *ildr5's1 #ejd ---- ---- lecture1 #eca ,read+s1 libr>y1 #ece-cf ,recomm5dations1 read]s'1 #baj ,recon/ruction1 ,m9i/ry (1 #deg ,records1 local1 #aij1 #dbe ---- ref]5ce1 #dai ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #eag ---- /ati/ics1 #ee-fc ,ref]5ce accessories1 #daf ,ref]5ce books1 #ahi ---- ---- bibliography (1 #ehg ---- ---- l5d+ (1 #dag ,ref]5ce libr>y1 #djg-ei ---- ---- books1 #ahi ---- ---- bran*1 #cih ---- ---- *ildr5's1 #dhe ---- ---- indexes ( read]s1 #dbb ---- ---- records1 #dai ---- ---- rules1 #cfj 7#g-aa7 ---- ---- /aff1 #dah ---- ---- /ati/ics1 #ee-fc ---- mat]ial1 municipal1 #dde-di ---- v4 l5d+ libr>y1 #cff ,regional surveys1 #dcd ,regi/r> ( fri5dly societies1 c]tificate1 #ch ,regulations1 public1 #cdi-fd ,r5ewal ( borr[$ books1 #cfj 7#ba71 #cfa 7#ba7 ,repair+ books1 #ccd ,replacem5t ( books1 #ahg ,report1 ,annual1 #fa-fc ,repository1 rural libr>ies1 #edf ,requisitions = supplies1 #dd-df ,res]v+ books1 #cfj 7#bc71 #cfa 7#bc7 ,resid5ces = libr>ians1 etc41 #ga ,ri*>dson1 ,e4 ,c41 #bce ,rudolph index]1 #bgb ,rules & regulations1 #cdh-fd ---- ---- *ildr5's libr>y1 #dhf ---- catalogue1 #bfb ,rural libr>ies1 #aj1 #edb-ea ---- ---- e/imates1 #edi ,safe-gu>d$ op5 access1 b>ri]s1 #aca-ce ,sal>ies1 libr>ians1 #gj ---- assi/ants1 #ij ---- rural libr>ians1 #eej ,savage1 ,e4 ,a41 #beh1 #dfg ,say]s1 ,w4 ,c4 ,b]wick1 #ejd ,s*ol>s1 non-resid5t1 #ceb ,s*ool libr>ian1 #ead ,s*ool libr>ies1 #ejf-be ---- ---- limits (1 #dhd ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip1 ,london1 ,intro41 ,,iv41 #cce ,s*ools & libr>ies1 #d 7d71 #f1 #ejf-bc ---- z deliv]y /ations1 #ebj ---- ( sci5ce1 #f ---- tra9+1 libr>ies1 #ebb ,sci5tific in/itutions1 #e-f ,sci5tific ,societies ,act1 #cg ,scotl&1 ,libr>ies ,acts1 #a et passim ---- ---- & education au?orities1 #aj ---- ,nor?1 rural libr>ies1 #ede-dh ,scre5s1 #acf ---- lant]n1 #agc ,selection ( books1 #agd-bjf ,s5ior assi/ants1 #hg1 #efi ,%aw1 ,g4 ,t41 #cjh ,%eaf catalogue1 #bfa1 #bhb-hh ,%elf arrangem5t1 #bcj-ee2 ref]5ce libr>y1 #dab ---- dummies1 #bdf-dh ---- guides1 #bej1 #bee ---- h&les1 #aeh ---- li/s1 #bee ---- m>k+1 #bdc-dd ---- regi/]1 #bde ---- /eps1 #aef-eh ,%elv+1 #adc-ed ,%[cases = books1 #cid ,simplex newspap] rod1 #dfi ,sites1 libr>y1 #aad ,slides1 lant]n1 fil+1 #caa ---- ---- index+1 #cac ---- ---- use (1 #ecb ,slip catalogue1 #bfa1 #bhb-hh ---- *>g+1 #cgf-ha ,smi?1 ,l4 ,p41 #bce ,societies1 lecture1 #ebg ,society ( ,public ,libr>ians1 #ajc ,sonn5s*e91 ,w4 ,s41 #bjd ,s\? ,african libr>y legislation1 #g ,speak+ tubes1 #ach ,special collections1 #aij ---- libr>y collections1 #dbj ,specifications1 #dd-de ---- pr9t+1 #bff ,/ad]9i c>d tray1 #bhj ---- slip catalogue1 #bhd1 #bhh ,/aff1 qualifications1 grades1 appo9tm5ts1 sal>ies1 etc41 #fe-ih ---- accommodation1 #ig ---- bibliography (1 #egh ---- guilds1 #aje ---- insurance1 #dc ---- meet+s1 #ha ---- ref]5ce libr>y1 #dah ,/amp+ ( books1 #bba ,/&+ ord]s1 #bb ,/ate pap]s1 #bjg ,/ation]y1 #cbb-be ---- index1 #cad ---- ,(fice grants1 #bjh ,/ati/ics1 #ee-fc ---- bibliography (1 #ehc ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #eag ---- /&>diz+ (1 #fb ,/atutes1 #a-ac ,/eps1 #aef-eh ,/ock1 def9itions1 #bbh ---- ref]5ce1 #djg1 #daa ---- /ati/ics1 #fb ,/ocktak+ index1 #cag ,/olz5b]g file1 #cja ,/ory h\r1 #die ,/ud5ts' tickets1 #cfj 7#ai71 #cga ,sub-,committees1 libr>y1 #bd ---- classification1 #bci ,subject head+s1 ,a4,l4,a41 #beg ---- ---- bibliography (1 #egi ,sub-libr>ian1 #gh1 #efi ,subscription books1 #bab ---- dep>tm5ts1 #djc-jd ---- = libr>y books1 #cfj 7#ah71 #cfa 7#ah7 ,sugge/ions1 read]s'1 #dh1 #baj ,sunday op5+ ( libr>ies1 #ceg-fc ---- s*ool libr>ies1 #eba ---- "w1 #he ,sup]annuation1 #gb ,sup]9t5d5t ( bran*es1 #gi ,supplies1 index1 #cad ,surgeon-,g5]al's index catalogue1 #beg ,surveys1 photographic1 #dcc ---- regional & civic1 #dcd ,sydney ,public ,libr>y1 #g1 #bfb ,tables1 #afj-fd ,tags1 classification1 #bda ,tasmanian legislation1 #g ,taxes1 assessm5t to1 #cg-dj ,tea*]s z borr[]s1 #cec ---- ---- gu>antors1 #cfa ,tea*]s' libr>ies1 #ebb ,te*nical libr>ies1 ,intro41 ,v4 7#d71 #dee-ei ,t$d]1 ,h4 ,r41 ,intro41 ,,iv4 ,telephones1 #ach ,!rmomet]s 9 libr>ies1 #ada ,?omas1 ,e4 ,c41 ,intro41 ,,iv4 ,tickets = borr[]s1 #cgj-ge 8,tickl]s10 #cad ,ti] m>k+ ( %elves1 #bdc-dd ,"t limits = borr[+1 #ced 7#c7 ---- %eets1 /aff1 #hc-hd ,tok5s1 local1 #dca ,trac+1 #daf ,trade libr>ies1 #dej-ei ---- catalogues1 #aif ,tra9+ ( libr>ians1 #fh1 #ib1 #aja2 ( *ildr5's libr>ians1 #dic ,tra9+ s*ool libr>ies1 #ebb ,travell+ libr>ies1 #djb ,trays1 c>d1 #bgd-ha ---- *>g+1 #chb-he ,truck = books1 #bec ,turn/iles1 #adj ,typewrit]s1 #cbe ,typography1 bibliography1 #ehd ,unexp5d$ balances1 #bh ,unit$ ,/ates libr>ies1 passim ,unit$ ,/ates libr>y legislation1 #h ,univ]sity ,college ,libr>y ,s*ool1 ,intro41 ,,iv41 #cbe ,univ]sity ext5sion1 #ebg1 #eej ,vacation1 assi/ants'1 #ia ---- libr>ians'1 #gc 7#d7 ,vasel9e = lea!rs1 #ccg ,v5tilation1 #abh ,v]tical fil+1 #bac1 #cja1 #dae ,victoria legislation1 #g ,village libr>ies1 #edb-ea ,volunt>y help1 *ildr5's libr>y1 #ejj ,v\*] =ms1 #cfg-fi ---- ---- *ildr5's1 #dhf ,wages1 c>etak]s1 #ie ,wallasey1 #dfg ,wal?am/[ catalogue1 #beg ,we/ ,indian grants1 legislation1 #g ,)drawn books1 index+1 #caf ,wom5 libr>ians & assi/ants1 #id ,wom5's rooms1 #dgi ,work]s' ,educational ,association1 #ebg1 #eej ,"w book1 #hh ,work%op libr>ies1 #ajg1 #agh ,worn-out books1 #ahg ,writ+ mat]ials1 #cbc ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,turnbull ,spe>s1 ,ed9burgh ,,! ,,engli% ,,catalogue ,,( ,,books #ahja ,,to #aiai ,giv+ ,au?or1 ,title1 ,subject1 ,size1 ,price1 ,mon? & ,ye> ( ,publication1 & ,publi%] ( #fjj1jjj ,books issu$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,! e>ly volumes 7 publi%$ ) sep>ate ,index ,volumes--s9ce #ahij ! ,ref]5ces & ,cross ,ref]5ces h be5 arrang$ alphabetically 9 ! "o volume4 ,! foll[+ is a complete li/ ( ,,! ,,engli% ,,catalogue ,,( ,,books ,,cov]+ ,a ,,p]iod ,,( #aai ,,ye>s1 ) details & ! prices at :i* copies c be suppli$4 ,! ,volumes are sold sep>ately or 9 long or %ort sets4 ,,special ,,t]ms ,,to ,,! ,,trade4 ,p]iod4 ,description4 ,net ,price4 #ahja-cf--fee pp4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 morocco4 #cf1jjj ,books ,record$ #e #e #j #ahce-fb--fg1ejj ,books ,record$4 ,q out ( pr9t & sc>ce4 #ahfc-ga--cj1jjj ,books ,record$ d4 d4 d4 ,index ,volume only4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 morocco #b #b #j #ahgb-hj--efb pp4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 morocco4 #fj1jjj ,books ,record$ #b #b #j d4 ,) ,index 9 "o ,volume4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 morocco #c #c #j d4 ,index ,volume only4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 morocco #a #a #j #ahha-hi--gaj pp4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 morocco4 #ge1jjj ,books ,record$ #b #ab #f d4 ,) ,index 9 "o ,volume4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 morocco #d #d #j d4 ,index ,volume only4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 morocco #a #aa #f #ahij-ig--aahj pp4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 morocco4 #fj1jjj ,books ,record$ #d #d #j #ahih-aijj--ghb pp4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 mor4 #cj1jjj d4 #a #aj #j #aija-je--acbh pp4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 mor4 #ej1jjj d4 #c #ac #f #aijf-aj--adie pp4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 sealsk94 #ej1jjj d4 #d #ad #f #aiaa-ae--aeha pp4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,hf4 sealsk94 #eg1ejj d4 #e #e #j #aiaf ,annual ,volume1 out ( pr9t4 #aiag d4 d4 #aiah d4 #bgd pp4 ,roy4 #hvo4 ,clo?4 #haca ,books ,record$ #j #aj #f #aiai d4 7,to be publi%$ ,april #aibj47 ,,all ,,ord]s ,,to ,,be ,,s5t ,,to ,,engli% ,,catalogue ,,dep>tm5t ,! ,publi%]s' ,circul>1 ,ltd4 #ai ,,adam ,,/reet1 ,,/r&1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4#b ,9 ,all ,dep>tm5ts ( ,libr>y ,"w ,,libraco ,,ltd4 ,endeav\r to ,r5d] ,libr>ians ! ,mo/ ,effici5t ,s]vice ,,c>d ,,catalogu+4--8,libraco0 ,cab9ets & ,c>ds are almo/ exclusively us$ ?r\gh\t ! ,libr>y ,_w4 ,!y h ga9$ recognition because e detail has be5 consid]$ f ! ,libr>ians' /&po9t4 ,no o!r =m ( ,cab9et has ! 8,libraco0 di/9ctive features--sideless trays1 gravity rods1 tray cat*es1 adju/able back /ruts1 etc4 ,! 8,libraco0 ,c>d ,index+ ,mat]ials are us$ =-- ,,c>d ,,*>g+ ,,v\*] ,,c>d ,,sy/em ,,c>d ,,catalogu+ ,,index+ ,,borr[]s ,,/ock ,,record ,,au?or ,,catalogue ,,/ores ,,index ,,p]iodicals ,,li/1 ,,etc4 ,,libr>y ,,appliances4--,libraco ,ltd4 c>ry ! be/ & l>ge/ /ock ( appliances = ,libr>y "w4 ,!y h be5 adopt$ by num]\s ,briti%1 ,=eign1 & ,colonial ,libr>ies4 ,,libraco ,,furniture4--,libraco ,ltd4 make & supply te*nically correct equipm5t = ,public ,libr>ies4 ,simplicity 9 design1 /r5g? ( con/ruction1 & durability are ! ma9 ess5tials4 ,) a ?or\gh k ( ! requirem5ts1 e device manufactur$ by ! ,company is exactly suit$ = its purpose4 ,libr>ies are built & equipp$ = ye>s ( s]vice1 & ! be/ ,furniture & ,appliances are 9 ! end ! mo/ economical4 ,,libraco ,ltd4 c furni% designs = all ,furniture ,fitt+s & ,appliances us$ 9 ,libr>y ,"w1 & ,sket*es & ,e/imates are suppli$ at any "t4 ,,examples ,,( ,,libraco',s ,"w may be se5 at-- ,,nor? ,,isl+ton2 ,,we/ ,,isl+ton2 ,,hamm]smi?2 ,,h]ne ,,hill2 ,,ea/b\rne2 ,,twick5ham2 ,,t$d+ton2 ,,k+/on2 ,,lewi%am2 ,,lee2 ,,=e/ ,,hill2 ,,brockley2 ,,syd5ham2 ,,*e%unt2 ,,dept=d2 ,,br5t=d2 ,,/ ,,albans2 ,,wombwell2 ,,wakefield2 ,,p>k1 ,,%effield2 ,,hillsboro1 ,,%effield2 ,,walkley1 ,,%effield2 ,,goole2 ,,gosport2 ,,grimsby2 ,,%rewsbury ,,s*ool2 ,,wycombe ,,abbey ,,s*ool2 ,,cambridge ,,m$ical ,,s*ools2 ,,royal ,,society ,,( ,,m$ic9e2 ,,bloemfonte91 ,,s\? ,,africa2 ,,etc4 ,,etc4 ,,sixty-,,two ,,works ,,cannon ,,/reet ,illu/ration3 ,,libraco ,,ltd ,,wal?am/[ ,e4,c4#d ,,essex ,,libraco ,,desks ,,libraco ,ltd4 are manufactur+ a v f9e l9e ( roll-top & flat-top desks1 typewrit] drop cab9ets1 deta*able leg tables 9 v>i\s sizes1 etc41 & w be pleas$ to s5d on reque/ illu/rat$ li/s4 ,illu/ration3 ,no4 #c4 ,,oak ,,desk ,a heavily con/ruct$ desk ) built-up writ+ b$ & deck top4 ,h>dwood sides to draw]s4 ,automatic lock+4 ,pigeon hole fitt$ ) c>d index draw]s1 private lock]1 etc4 ,prices on application ,,cotgreave ,,indicators ,,libraco ,,ltd41 hav+ pur*as$ f ! liquidators ( ,cotgreave ,indicators ,ltd4 all _! plant1 ma*9]y1 & /ock1 are n[ mak+ all accessories = indicator libr>ies4 ,enquiries & ord]s to be s5t to #fb ,,cannon ,,/reet1 ,e4,c4#d4 ,,op5 ,,access ,,libr>ies ,x is ! purpose ( ,,libraco ,,ltd4 to fully develop & improve ! manufacture ( ,op5 ,access ,libr>y ,appliances4 ,! exp]i5ce ga9$ 9 ! fitt+ out ( ! l>ge numb] ( libr>ies on ?is sy/em has enabl$ u to turn out correct equipm5t 9 e detail4 ,libr>ians %\ld n hesitate to consult u on all matt]s relat+ to ,op5 ,access--our exp]i5ce & advice is at _! disposal4 ,,libraco ,,ltd4 #fb ,,cannon ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,e4,c4#d ,libr>ians w f9d x to _! advantage to s5d u ,,e>ly copies ( all ,,replacem5t li/s4 ,,f9e ,,copies ,,fair ,,prices ,,l>ge ,,results ,our speciality 8,out ( pr9ts0 at reasonable prices4 #aj1jjj vols4 ( ,,fiction & ,,juv5iles always 9 /ock4 ,j4 ,,pre/on ,,co41 ,public ,libr>y ,booksell]s1 #gg1 ,,clapham ,,p>k ,,road1 ,,london1 ,s4,w4#d4 ,telephone--,brixton #aedb4 ,,! ,,weekly = ,,libr>ians ,,collectors1 ,,booksell]s ,,& ,,all ,,read]s ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,bookman',s ,,j\rnal ,,pr9t ,,collector ,,regi/]$ ,,at ,,! ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,op5 ,,book #agc-d-e ,,fleet ,,/4 ,,london ,e4,c4#d 8,x cat]s = collectors1 = libr>ians1 & = #8! trade'2 x deals ) pr9ts z well z ) books2 & bibliography1 book-buy+1 #8=gott5 books1' books fre% f ! publi%]1 lit]>y biography1 & all ?+s t come "u ! v g5]\s classification #8curiosities ( lit]ature' are adequately treat$ 9 its pages by m5 :o "k & love _! subject40--,we/m9/] ,gazette4 8#8,! ,sign ( ! ,op5 ,book' is an inspir+ regi/ration4 #8,! ,bookman's ,j\rnal & ,pr9t ,collector1' issu$ "u t bann]1 is a gem among weekly p]iodicals40--,daily ,express4 ,s5d = ,specim5 ,numb]4 ,subscription #aes4 ,ye>ly1 ,po/ ,free4 ,lamb]t's ,/&>d ,libr>y ,appliances ,inv5tor ( 8,,p]fect-,,adju/+0 ,,%elv+4 ,,c>d ,,*>g+ ,,sy/ems = op5-access & o!r libr>ies4 ,,wicket ,,fitt+s = hang+ & controll+ op5-access wickets & o!r doors4 ,also 8"u-floor0 work+ to cross passages1 etc4 ,,adju/able ,,book-,,hold]s ,,book-,,c>ri]s = table or %elf4 ,,p]iodical ,,li/s 7adju/able7 9 all sizes4 8,,simplex0 ,,newspap] ,,rods4 ,! approv$ mod]n fitt+4 8,,simplex0 ,,p]iodical ,,clips1 ! h&ie/ fa/5+4 ,,revolv+ ,,hold]s = illu/rat$ p]iodicals4 8,,simplex0 ,,fa/5]s = directories1 magaz9es1 b\nd catalogues1 & o!r book-=m publications4 ,,read+ ,,easels 9 metal4 ,holds book op5 ) adaptability ( ! h&4 ,economy ( table space4 ,,/eps ,,& ,,h&les4 ,always ready = use1 b n 9 ! way ( pass]s-by4 8,,simplex0 ,,%elf ,,label ,,hold]s 9 xylonite4 ,,%eaf ,,catalogues 7s+le-screw sy/em74 ,! simple/ & mo/ easily manipulat$ =m4 ,uni=mity 9 subsequ5t supplies4 ,,o!r ,,& ,,special ,,devices ,,made ,! m]its ( ^! appliances h be5 prov$ by _m ye>s ( use 9 ! =emo/ libr>ies1 & num]\s libr>ians c te/ify to _! high qualities4 ,p>ticul>s & ,prices on application ,made by ! ,design] & ,manufactur] ,,ar?ur ,w4 ,,lamb]t #ic ,,addiscombe ,,road1 ,,croydon 7,,late ,,( ,,*]ry ,,or*>d ,,road7 ,,publications ,,= ,,libr>ians ,a ,,briti% ,,libr>y ,,it9]>y4 ,by ,,james ,,duff ,,br[n4 #bs4 #j;d4 net ,,guide ,,to ,,libr>ian%ip4 ,by ,,james ,,duff ,,br[n4 #cs4 #f;d4 net ,,libr>y ,,classification ,,& ,,catalogu+4 ,by ,,james ,,duff ,,br[n4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net ,,subject ,,classification4 ,by ,,james ,,duff ,,br[n4 #aes4 #j;d4 net ,,bibliography ,,( ,,libr>y ,,economy4 ,by ,h4 ,g4 ,t4 ,,cannons4 #gs4 #f;d4 net ,,manual ,,( ,,practical ,,index+4 ,by ,a4 ,l4 ,,cl>ke4 #es4 #j;d4 net ,,manual ,,( ,,libr>y ,,bookb9d+4 ,by ,,h5ry ,t4 ,,c\tts & ,,geo4 ,a4 ,,/eph54 #ajs4 #f;d4 net ,,books ,,on ,,! ,,great ,,w>3 ,an ,annotat$ ,bibliography ( ,lit]ature issu$ dur+ ! ,european ,conflict4 ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,t4 ,,lange1 ,w4 ,t4 ,,b]ry & ,b4 ,m4 ,,v5n]4 ,preface by ,r4 ,a4 ,,p$die4 ,vols4 ,i-,,iii 7b\nd toge!r7 #ajs4 #f;d4 net ,vol4 ,,iv #ajs4 #f;d4 net ,,c>d9al ,,xim5es3 ,/atesman1 ,ecclesia/ic1 ,soldi] & ,man ,( ,lett]s4 ,) an acc\nt ( ! ,complut5sian ,polyglot ,bible4 ,by ,,james ,p4 ,r4 ,,lyell1 ,j4,p41 ,f4,r4,hi/4,s4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net ,,conspectus ,,incunabulorum4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,p$die4 ,"p ,i 7,a-,b71 ) ,supplem5t & ,li/ ( ,au?orities4 #aes4 #j;d4 net ,"p ,,ii 7,c-,g74 #aes4 #j;d4 net ,"p ,,iii 7,h-,o7 9 prep>ation4 ,an ,index ,catalogue ( ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,books4 ,,fifte5? ,,c5tury ,,books3 ,a ,guide to _! ,id5tification4 ,) a ,li/ ( ! ,lat9 ,names ( ! ,t[ns & an ext5sive ,bibliography ( ! subject4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,p$die4 #es4 #j;d4 net ,,eng9e]+ ,,& ,,metallurgical ,,books1 #aijg-aiaa4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,p$die4 #gs4 #f;d4 net ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,read+ ,,room4 ,a ,h&book = ,/ud5ts4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,p$die4 #as4 #j;d4 net ,,an ,,outl9e ,,( ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,pr9t+4 ,to :i* is add$ ! ,hi/ory ( ,pr9t+ 9 ,col\rs4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,p$die4 #bs4 #f;d4 net ,,national ,,bibliographies4 ,a descriptive catalogue ( ! works :i* regi/] ! books publi%$ 9 ea* c\ntry4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,p$die4 #es4 #j;d4 net ,,metallurgical ,,bibliography1 #aija-aijf4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,p$die4 #as4 #j;d4 net ,,grafton ,,co4 7,frank ,hamel7 ,,coptic ,,h\se1 #g & #h ,,coptic ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4#a ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,libr>y4 ,by ,,g]trude ,,bur=d ,,rawl+s4 #es4 #j;d4 net ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,,libr>y ,,practice4 ,by ,,george ,e4 ,,roebuck & ,w4 ,,b5son ,,?orne4 #cs4 #f;d4 net ,,manual ,,( ,,descriptive ,,annotation ,,= ,,libr>y ,,catalogues4 ,by ,,erne/ ,a4 ,,savage4 #es4 #j;d4 net ,,canons ,,( ,,classification appli$ to 8,! ,subject10 8,! ,expansive10 8,! ,decimal10 & 8,! ,libr>y ( ,congress0 ,classifications4 ,by ,w4 ,c4 ,,b]wick ,,say]s4 #cs4 #f;d4 net ,,! ,,c>d ,,catalogue4 ,by ,w4 ,c4 ,,b]wick ,,say]s & ,,james ,,d\glas ,,/ew>t4 #cs4 #f;d4 net ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,libr>y ,,classification4 ,) ,read+s & ,que/ions1 ,by ,w4 ,c4 ,,b]wick ,,say]s4 #cs4 #f;d4 net ,,op5 ,,access ,,libr>ies3 ,_! ,plann+1 ,equipm5t & ,organisation4 ,by ,,james ,,d\glas ,,/ew>t1 ,,olive ,e4 ,,cl>ke1 ,,h5ry ,t4 ,,c\tts1 ,,alice ,,jones1 ,,william ,,mcgill4 ,"u ! ,editor%ip ( & ) an ,introduction by ,,james ,,duff ,,br[n4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net ,,! ,,%eaf ,,catalogue4 ,by ,,james ,,d\glas ,,/ew>t4 #cs4 #f;d4 net ,,book ,,selection4 ,by ,,james ,,d\glas ,,/ew>t & ,,olive ,e4 ,,cl>ke1 #f;d4 net ,,libr>y ,,economics4 #bs4 #f;d4 net ,,! ,,libr>y ,,_w4 ,a ,mon?ly ,m$ium ( ,int]communication = ,libr>ians4 ,e/abli%$ ,july #ahih4 ,publi%$ ,mon?ly1 #h;d4 net4 ,annual ,subscription4 #hs4 #f;d4 net ,,briti% ,,& ,,am]ican ,,libr>y ,,association ,,& ,,libr>y ,,assi/ants' ,,association ,,publications4 ,see ,sep>ate ,li/s4 ,,faxon ,,book ,,co4 7=m]ly ,,bo/on ,,book ,,co474 ,see ,sep>ate ,li/4 ,= o!r ,libr>y & ,g5]al ,publications 9 ,/ock see ,,supplem5t>y ,,catalogues ,ag5ts = ! ,dewey ,decimal ,classification 7#aj? ,edition7 & ,elm ,tree ,press ,publications1 ,new>k 7,new ,j]sey7 ,,grafton ,,co4',s ,,antiqu>ian ,,dep>tm5t ,we h a l>ge /ock ( ,engli% & ,=eign ,books1 & %all be pleas$ to s5d catalogues on application4 ,we h special facilities = obta9+ books1 & ,libr>ians %\ld s5d li/s ( wants to u4 ,,grafton ,,co4 7,frank ,hamel7 ,,coptic ,,h\se1 #g & #h ,,coptic ,,/reet1 ,,london1 ,w4,c4#a ,,! ,,ma/] ,,pr9t]s ,annual ,typographical ,,ye> ,,book ,,conta9+ ,,full ,,p>ticul>s ,,conc]n+ ,,& ,,li/ ,,( ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,ma/] ,,pr9t]s ,,f$]ation ,,& ,,associations ,,?r\gh\t ,,! ,,c\ntry1 ,,also ,a ,,:o',s ,,:o ,,( ,,repres5tative ,,memb]s ,,( ,,! ,,craft4 ,,p>ticul>s ,,( ,,unions1 ,,societies1 ,,etc4 ,,agreem5ts ,,come ,,to ,,dur+ ,,! ,,ye> ,,& ,a ,,compreh5sive ,,review ,,( ,,! ,,ye>1 ,,also ,,_m ,,o!r ,,important ,,features ,,edit$ ,,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,au/5-,,leigh ,,& ,,g]>d ,t4 ,,meynell ,price #fs4 net1 #fs4 #f;d4 po/ free ,,london3 ,,spottiswoode1 ,,ballantyne ,,coy41 ,,ltd4 ,,at #a ,,new ,,/reet ,,squ>e1 ,e4,c4#d ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,?is text foll[s ! pr9t$ book2 all inconsi/5cies 9 spell+1 hyph5ation1 lay-out1 etc4 h be5 reta9$1 except z m5tion$ bel[4 ,page #fg1 =m3 probably ! second gr\p ( data %\ld h />t$ ) ,exp5diture4 ,page #aih1 ,fig4 #fd3 ! rules m5tion$ on ! label d n co9cide ) ^? li/$ 9 ,section #cfj1 & h !re=e n be5 l9k$4 ,page #dce1 ,! rul+ cont9ues = #eb l9es3 possibly an error = #ab l9es or int5d$ = ,fig4 #agb4 ,page #ddh1 444 physical side ( books is only less important 4443 possibly a ^w is miss+ 78slightly0 or simil>74 ,page #die3 ,section #eff is n pres5t 9 ! orig9al "w4 ,page #ejh3 !re seems to be a head+ 7nr4 #ehf7 miss+2 ref]5ces to ,section #ehf are assum$ to po9t to 8,g5]al ,bibliographies40 ,index3 "s entries are n 9 alphabetical ord]2 ?is has n be5 *ang$4 ,*anges made to ! text3 ,footnotes1 tables & illu/rations h be5 mov$4 ,obvi\s m9or typographical & o!r errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 ,v>i\s pages3 ,g]man n\ns h be5 capitalis$2 ,fr5* acc5ts h be5 add$ or correct$4 ,v>i\s pages3 section head] ,,bibliography has be5 add$ :]e x 0 lack+4 ,9 sev]al places1 titles ( books & p]iodicals 9 languages o!r ?an ,engli% are incomplete or errone\s2 ^! h n be5 complet$ or correct$1 except z m5tion$ bel[4 ,page #cc3 ,le*betrieb *ang$ to ,leihbetrieb ,page #ib1 ,fig4 #g3 ,new ,ord]s mov$ to sep>ate l9e ,page #ahj-aha3 footnote #c copi$ to footnotes #d1 #e & #f ,page #ahh3 ,sp(=? *ang$ to ,sp(=d z else:]e ,page #bad3 ,oceana *ang$ to ,oceania2 ,,by *ang$ to ,,bv 7#b7 ,page #bae3 ,,hy *ang$ to ,,hv2 ,,jy *ang$ to ,,jv ,page #baf3 ,,ps *ang$ to ,,pj ,page #bag3 ,,ry *ang$ to ,,rv ,page #bdi3 ,in/ructionem *ang$ to ,in/ruction52 ,we9 *ang$ to ,wi52 e95 *ang$ to e9em2 ,katalog *ang$ to ,kataloge ,page #beb1 footnote3 mov$ f bottom ( page #bec2 footnote an*or ins]t$4 ,?is note ref]s to all ,c1 ,r1 ,s1 ,t codes4 ,page #bec1 ,g]h>di3 ,cr *ang$ to ,,cr ,page #bfg3 me?ods ( secur+ *ang$ to me?od ( secur+ ,page #bgi3 de ,ma9ti5 *ang$ to le ,ma9ti5 ,page #cih3 ,j4 ,c4 ,mudge *ang$ to ,i4 ,g4 ,mudge z else:]e ,page #daj3 ,fig4 #abc *ang$ to ,fig4 #aah ,page #dee3 ,prcs *ang$ to ,prcis ,page #dgh3 ,worsop *ang$ to ,worksop ,page #dii3 ,b*]i *ang$ to ,b*]ei ,page #eja3 ,biblio!ckwez5 *ang$ to ,biblio!ekwez52 ,boek-,biblio!kwez5 *ang$ to ,boek- en ,biblio!ekwez52 ,= ,folke-og *ang$ to ,= ,folke- og2 ,leabh>bann *ang$ to ,leabh>lann2 ,les*all5 *ang$ to ,lesehall5 ,page #ejb3 ,cotgreve *ang$ to ,cotgreave2 ,de ,lisle *ang$ to ,delisle z else:]e2 les ,livres *ang$ to des ,livres ,page #ejc3 long da% be=e ,mann1 ,m>g>et delet$ ,page #ejf3 ,biblio!ckgids *ang$ to ,biblio!ekgids2 ,vitgave *ang$ to ,uitgave2 ,walt] *ang$ to ,welt] ,page #ejh3 ,attilis *ang$ to ,attilo2 dell' anno *ang$ to dell'anno ,page #eac3 ,intro41 ,,vi4 7#c71 *ang$ to ,intro41 ,,vi4 ,page #eae3 #gb 7#e7 *ang$ to #gc 7#e7 ,page #eag3 section numb] #beg add$ to ,pat5t ,(fice ,page #eai3 #gb 7#d7 *ang$ to #gc 7#d74