,! ,m5tor1 ,no4 #bi1 ,great ,am]ican    
,inv5tors          ,,! ,,m5tor    8,a   
,wise & ,fai?ful ,guide & ,fri5d0       
,,vol4 #a         ,,no4 #bi             
,,great ,,am]ican ,,inv5tors            
,,eli ,,:itney      #agfe-ahbe          
,,rob]t ,,fulton      #agfe-ahae        
,,elias ,,h[e      #ahai-ahfg        ,s4
 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse      #agia-ahgb        
,,alex4 ,,graham ,,bell      #ahdg-     
,,?omas ,,alva ,,edison      #ahdg-     
,illu/ration    ,by ,h4 ,,add+ton       
,,bruce      ,anyone :o reads ! hi/ory (
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates mu/ be impress$  ) !   
supremely important "p play$ by !       
inv5tor 9 !  evolution ( ! nation4 ,!   
explor] & pione]1 ! /atesman1  diplomat1
 & soldi]1--all ^! h contribut$1 &      
contribut$  notably1 to ! upbuild+ ( !  
mighty republic ( today4 ,b x is  beyond
 dispute t 9 ! long run _! ef=ts w\ld h 
c\nt$  = comp>atively little _h x n be5 
= ! g5ius ( ^? :o  h b5t _! en]gies to !
 devis+ ( means = ! developm5t  ( !     
c\ntry's m>vel\sly ri* res\rces1 & h    

/ill fur!r  add$ to ! national weal? by 
! creation ( unsuspect$ *annels  = !    
pr(itable employm5t ( human ent]prise & 
labor4    ,illu/ration3 ,,:itney',s     
,,armory    ,9 #agih ! inv5tor ( !      
cotton g9 began ! manufacture (  fire>ms
 ne> ,new ,hav51 ,connecticut4    ,x 0 9
 ! humble work%ops ( m5 l ,:itney1      
,fit*1 & ,fulton  t1 almo/ z soon z !   
indep5d5ce ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h  be5 won
 by ! sword1 ! f\ndations 7 laid = its  
rise to !  /&+ ( a _w p[]4 ,e inv5tion  
^! m5 made meant  a ga9 9 ! nation's    
/r5g?1 & a wid] op5+ ( ! door  (        
opportunity to all native-born          
,am]icans1 & to ! con/antly  increas+   
ho/ ( newcom]s f abroad4 ,! ,am]ican    
inv5tors h  n simply a/oni%$ mank9d2 !y 
h enhanc$ ! pre/ige1 p[]1  & prosp]ity (
 _! c\ntry4      ,,! ,,cotton ,,g9      
,illu/ration3 ,,bir?place ,,( ,,:itney  
,9 ?is h\se 9 ,we/bor\gh1 ,massa*usetts1
 ,eli ,:itney 0 born on  ,decemb] #h1   
#agfe4    ,take1 = example1 ! results t 
h fl[$ f a s+le  inv5tion1 t ( ! ,:itney

 cotton g94 ,:5 ! "y ,yankee  s*oolma/] 
& law /ud5t1 ,eli ,:itney1 0 graduat$ f 
,yale &  settl$ 9 ,georgia 9 #agib1 !   
production ( cotton 9 ! ,s\!rn  ,/ates 0
 insignificant4 ,at t "t1 inde$1 cotton 
0 gr[n by !  ,s\!rn]s *iefly =          
decorative effect 9 g>d5s1 because ( its
  h&some fl[]s4 ,its cultivation =      
comm]cial purposes 0 virtually  out ( ! 
"q1 ow+ to ! fact t no means 7 available
 =  economically sep>at+ ! l9t f ! se$4 
,?is _h to be done by  h&1 & s9ce x took
 t5 h\rs = a quick work] to sep>ate "o  
p\nd ( l9t f its ?ree p\nds ( se$ no    
adequate returns c\ld  be _h4    ,:at 0 
ne$$1 z 8 s\!rn fri5ds po9t$ out to     
,:itney1 0  ! inv5tion ( "s app>atus =  
p]=m+ ! "w ( sep>ation  cleanly &       
quickly4 ,! problem 0 "o t appeal$ to   
him )  peculi> =ce4 ,ev5 z a boy 9      
,massa*usetts he _h be5 fond (  t9k]+ ) 
me*anical appliances4 ,at ! e>ly age (  
twelve he _h  made a viol9 ( fairly good
 tone2 a ye> lat] he 0 mak+ excell5t    
knives2 & be=e he 0 fifte5 he 0         

recogniz$ z ! be/  me*anic 9 8 native   
t[n ( ,we/bor\gh4 ,x 0 !re=e ) real     
en?usiasm t he set up a work%op 9 !     
basem5t ( 8 ,georgia  home1 & v>i$ 8 law
 /udies by exp]im5t+ 9 ! manufacture (  
a cotton g94 ,)9 a few mon?s he _h      
successfully complet$ 8  self-impos$    
task by ! creation ( a ma*9e equipp$ )  
hundr$s  ( t9y metal f+]s1 ea* ( :i* did
 m "w 9 quick] "t ?an  ! human h& c\ld  
possibly d4    ,t same ye> 7#agic7 fully
 five million p\nds ( cotton 7  h>ve/$ 9
 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! product ( a plant+  
/imulat$  solely by fai? 9 ! ,:itney g94
 ,by ! ye> ( ,:itney's dea?  7#ahbe7    
cotton 0 indisputably k+ 9 ! comm]cial  
life ( !  nation1 ! value ( ! cotton    
exports = t ye> be+ m ?an  #cf1jjj1jjj1 
z aga9/ a valuation ( b>ely #cj1jjj1jjj 
= all  o!r ,am]ican exports4 ,! ev5tual 
abolition ( slav]y s]v$ only  to        
acc5tuate ! /up5d\s importance ( !      
cotton g94 ,"u free  labor ! production 
( cotton has /eadily ris51 until n[adays
 x  annually runs into ! billions (     

p\nds1 ) a valuation ( _m  hundr$s (    
millions ( doll>s1 & af=ds employm5t n  
only to an  enorm\s army ( cultivators1 
b to a /ill great] army ( work]s 9      
factory1 (fice1 & /ore4    ,illu/ration3
 ,,! ,,fulton ,,home/ead    ,! inv5tor  
pur*as$ ?is f>m 9 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty1      
,p5nsylvania1  :5 he 0 b tw5ty-"o ye>s (
 age4 ,"h he left 8 "m :5  he w5t to    
,engl& to /udy art4    ,ev5 ( mu* great]
 importance h be5 ! results ( ! labors  
( ano!r illu/ri\s ,am]ican inv5tor1     
,rob]t ,fulton4 ,born 9  ,lanca/]       
,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 ,novemb]1 #agfe1
 ,fulton1 by reason  ( ! a/oni%+ numb] &
 v>iety ( 8 inv5tions1 may well be      
call$ ! ,edison ( 8 "t4      ,,rob]t    
,,fulton    ,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t       
,,fulton    ,fulton 0 tall1 & 8 face %[$
 great intellig5ce4 ,he 0  ref9$1 &     
possess$ grace & elegance ( mann]4      
,simil> to all truly great inv5tors1 he 
0 a man ( broad vision &  ke5           
imag9ation4 ,:at he 0 mo/ int]e/$ 9 0 n 
imm$iate  consequ5ces1 b ultimate       

effects1 & 9 work+ on ! complicat$      
me*anical problems ) :i* 8 m9d 0        
incessantly occupi$ he  kept /eadily 9  
view _! significance to society z a     
:ole4 ,?us1  "o ( 8 mo/ +5i\s           
creations--! fam\s ,fulton torp$o1 crude
  =]unn] ( ! deadly subm>9e missiles (  
today--0 inspir$ by  an ard5t desire to 
produce some?+ t w\ld make w> s t]rible 
z to impel mank9d to univ]sal peace4 ,& 
simil>ly x 0 ) an  eye to increas+ !    
welf>e & happ9ess ( society t he w5t to 
"w on ! inv5tion ) :i* 8 "n w always be 
l9k$1--!  /eamboat4    ,he 0 n ! fir/ to
 :om ! idea _h occurr$ ( apply+  ! /eam 
eng9e to purposes ( wat] transportation4
 ,already !  ,p5nsylvanian1 ,william    
,h5ry1 ! ,connecticut me*anic1 ,john    
,fit*1 !  ,new ,j]sey inv5tor1 ,john    
,/ev5s1 & ! ,scotsman1 ,william         
,sym+ton1  _h demon/rat$ m or less      
successfully ! possibility ( us+  /eam z
 a motive p[] on ! wat]2 b x 0 left to  
,fulton to  e/abli% def9itely ! value ( 
! /eamboat z a m$ium =  pass5g] &       

freight traffic4 ,?is he did ) 8 hi/oric
 ,cl]mont1  built at ,new ,york 9 #ahjg1
 p>tly ) funds provid$ by ,*ancellor    
,liv+/on & p>tly by loans f reluctant & 
skeptical fri5ds4    ,illu/ration3      
,,fulton',s ,,fir/ ,,exp]im5t ,,)       
,,paddle ,,:eels    ,9 ! summ] ( #aggi  
,fulton fir/ tri$ ! me?od ( propell+  a 
boat by means ( paddle :eels on         
,cone/oga ,creek 9 ea/]n  ,p5nsylvania4 
,! g5]al impression 0 t ,fulton _h      
und]tak5 a hopeless &  vision>y task4   
8,z ,i _h occasion10 he himself has     
relat$1 8daily to  pass to & f ! %ipy>d 
:ile my boat 0 9 progress1 ,i (t5       
loit]$ unkn[n ne> idle gr\ps ( /rang]s1 
ga!r+ 9 little  circles1 & he>d v>i\s   
inquiries z to ! object ( ?is new       
vehicle4 ,! language 0 uni=mly t (      
scorn1 sne]1 or ridicule4  ,! l\d laugh 
(t5 rose at my exp5se2 ! dry je/2 ! wise
  calculation ( losses & exp5ditures2 ! 
dull b endless repetition  ( #8,fulton's
 ,folly4'0    ,z ev]ybody kn[s1 !       
,cl]mont did n s9k or o!rwise come to   

grief :5 %e />t$ up ! ,hudson1 ,augu/   
#aa1 #ahjg1 = h] maid5  voyage to       
,albany4 ,on ! contr>y1 %e made !       
j\rney1 aga9/ !  w9d1 at an av]age rate 
( ne>ly five miles an h\r2 &1 )  ! w9d  
aga9 ahead1 return$ to ,new ,york at    
ab\t ! same spe$4  ,comp>$ ) ! /eam+    
p[]s ( ! mod]n ocean levia?an1  ?is 0 a 
sorry en\gh %[+2 b1 ) ! cont9u$ success 
( ! ,cl]mont & h] si/] boats1 ! ,r>itan 
& ! ,c> (  ,neptune1--:i* toge!r        
con/itut$ ! _w's fir/ regul> l9e (      
/eamboats1--x 0 suffici5t to prove = all
 "t t man _h made  ano!r sup]b advance 9
 ! ma/]y ( ! =ces ( ,nature4            
,illu/ration3 ,,model ,,( ,,rob]t       
,,fulton',s ,,fir/ ,,/eamboat1 ,,!      
,,cl]mont    ,con/ruct$ = !             
,hudson-,fulton celebration at ,new     
,york 9 ! fall  ( #aiji4      ,,inv5tor 
,,( ,,! ,,sew+ ,,ma*9e    ,illu/ration3 
,,bir?place ,,( ,,elias ,,h[e    ,amid  
^! humble surr\nd+s ! inv5tor ( ! sew+  
ma*9e 0  born at ,sp5c]1 ,massa*usetts1 
9 #ahai4    ,illu/ration3 ,,be=e ,,!    

,,w>    ,a sew+ ma*9e ( #ahea4    ,v    
diff]5t1 b also ( great value1 0 !      
s]vice r5d]$ by  ,elias ,h[e ( sew+     
ma*9e fame4 ,!re are two /ories z to !  
g5esis ( ?is wond]ful labor-sav+ device4
 ,"o is t x 0  sugge/$ to ,h[e by !     
*ance rem>k ( a visitor to ! ,bo/on     
ma*9e %op 9 :i* he 0 employ$4 ,! o!r & m
 romantic  /ory is t ! idea ( a ma*9e = 
sew+ g>m5ts orig9at$  f a desire on     
,h[e's "p to light5 ! labor ( 8 wife1   
:o1  :5 he 0 ill & out ( "w1 0 oblig$ to
 take 9 sew+ & toil  f> into ! night4   
,:i*ev] v]sion is correct1 x is c]ta9 t 
9 #ahdc 7,h[e 0  !n only tw5ty-f\r ye>s 
old7 he set to "w 9 ! g>ret ( 8  fa!r's 
home 9 ,cambridge1 & ab\t a ye> lat]    
gave to ! _w  a sew+ ma*9e t embodi$ !  
pr9cipal features ( ! mo/  up-to-date   
models ( ! pres5t day4 ,= long1 h[ev]1 !
 _w 0  reluctant to accept ?is spl5did  
inv5tion4 ,! tailors ( ,bo/on1  to :om  
he fir/ (f]$ x1 refus$ to adopt x1 on ! 
gr\nd t  x w\ld ru9 _! bus9ess2 & lat]1 
9 ,new ,york1 !re 7  anti-sew+ ma*9e    

demon/rations1 fom5t$ by labor lead]s1  
:o  fail$ to realize t 9 ! end          
labor-sav+ devices ( any real  m]it 7   
always c]ta9 to increase1 n decrease1 ! 
dem& &  opportunities = ! work+man &    
work+woman4    ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sew+  
,,ma*9e ,,( #ahfj    8,x has /it*$ _m   
hundr$ miles ( seam1 & is /ill 9 good   
work+ ord]40    ,9 ! case ( ! sew+ ma*9e
 ! tru? ( ?is has long s9ce be5         
demon/rat$4 ,n only has x become a      
famili> h\sehold adjunct1  free+        
millions ( wom5 f ! slav]y ( ! ne$le1 & 
?us mo/  effectively answ]+ ! pite\s    
plea ( ,hood's 8,song ( ! ,%irt10  b x  
has also br\ght ab\t a m>vel\s expansion
 ( ! clo?+  indu/ry4 ,x has 9 fact      
creat$ an entirely new & mo/ important  
bran* ( t indu/ry1--! ready-made clo?+  
bus9ess1--giv+  employm5t to hundr$s (  
?\s&s ( p1 & provid+ well  patt]n$ &    
well f9i%$ g>m5ts at prices undream$ ( 9
 o!r  days4 ,surely ,h[e1 no less ?an   
,fulton & ,:itney1 des]ves to be  reg>d$
 z a b5efactor ( humanity4    ,s1 too1 )

 ,samuel ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 & ,alex&]      
,graham ,bell1 ! "o  ! fa!r ( ! electric
 telegraph1 ! o!r ! inv5tor ( !         
telephone4 ,if anybody _h told ,samuel  
,morse 9 #ahaa1 :5 z a y\?  ( tw5ty he  
sail$ f ,new ,york to ,liv]pool to /udy 
pa9t+ "u  ,b5jam9 ,we/1 t he w\ld be    
kn[n to po/]ity z an inv5tor  r ?an z an
 arti/1 he w\ld h laugh$ ! prophecy to  
scorn4  ,b1 z has happ5$ to o!r gift$   
m51 circum/ances conspir$ to  turn & fix
 ! ?\ghts ( ?is brilliant son ( ,new    
,engl& on  problems unconnect$ ) ! r\t9e
 ( 8 daily life1 yet appeal+  to him )  
su* =ce z to *ange ! :ole c\rse ( 8     
c>e]4    ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/       
,,bobb9 ,,w9d]      ,,telegraph ,,&     
,,telephone    ,illu/ration3 ,,bir?place
 ,,( ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse    ,! inv5tor (
 ! telegraph 0 born at ! foot ( ,bre$'s 
,hill1  ,*>le/[n1 ,massa*usetts4        
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,new ,,york ,,home   
,,( ,s4 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse    ,?is h\se 0  
locat$ on ,we/ ,tw5ty-second ,/reet ne> 
,fif?  ,av5ue4    ,illu/ration3 ,,samuel

 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse    ,illu/ration3 ,,!   
,,fir/ ,,telephone    ,illu/ration3 ,,! 
,,fir/ ,,telegraph ,,in/rum5t    ,)     
,morse ! turn+ po9t 0 rea*$ 9 #ahbg :51 
"s ye>s  aft] 8 return f ,engl&1 he     
att5d$ a c\rse ( lectures 9 ,new  ,york 
on ! subject ( electromagnetism4 ,:at he
 !n he>d fir$ 8  imag9ation1 & l$ him1  
dur+ a second visit abroad1 to /udy m   
closely ! nature ( electricity4 ,he     
specially became int]e/$ 9  !           
possibility ( utiliz+ ?is great natural 
=ce z a m$ium =  long-di/ance           
communication1 & :5 homew>d b\nd1 9 !   
autumn (  #ahcb1 appli$ himself to ?is  
"o problem to su* good purpose t  be=e  
l&+ 9 ,new ,york he 0 able to %[ to 8   
fell[ pass5g]s  plans ( ! in/rum5t t 0  
to immortalize 8 "n4    ,illu/ration3   
8,,long ,,di/ance0    ,alex&] ,graham   
,bell op5+ ! ,new ,york-,*icago long    
di/ance  telephone l9e1 ,octob] #ah1    
#ahib4    ,x 0 n until five ye>s        
aft]w>d1 h[ev]1 t ,morse made !  fir/   
work+ demon/ration ( 8 inv5tion1 :i* by 

mo/ p 0  reg>d$ z a sci5tific toy r ?an 
a creation ( ! highe/  practical        
utility4 ,& a sci5tific toy x rema9$    
until1 aft] a  he>tbreak+ /ruggle to    
secure ! necess>y f9ancial aid1 ,morse  
p]suad$ ,congress 9 #ahdc to appropriate
 #cj1jjj = ! con/ruction  ( a telegraph 
l9e betwe5 ,wa%+ton & ,baltimore4 ,!    
fir/ message  to be fla%$ ov] ?is l9e1  
,may #a1 #ahdd1 0 ! news ( !  nom9ation 
( ,h5ry ,clay = ! presid5cy2 & ) ! s5d+ 
(  t message "o ( ! greate/ inv5tions 9 
! hi/ory ( mank9d  def9itely ga9$       
recognition z an accompli%$ fact4       
,alex&] ,graham ,bell1 exp]im5t+ 9 !    
same field ( long-di/ance  communication
 by ! aid ( electricity1 0 m =tunate 9  
secur+ e>ly ackn[l$gm5t ( ! m]its ( 8   
telephone1 a public  demon/ration ( :i* 
0 giv5 at ! ,c5t5nial ,exhibition 9     
#ahgf4  ,connect$ ) ?is inv5tion a mo/  
int]e/+ /ory is told4 ,bell1  x is said1
 0 exp]im5t+ ) a device = multiplex     
telegraphy1  :5 ! accid5tal snapp+ ( a  
wire s5t a s\nd vibrat+ ?r\gh  ano!r    

wire :i* _h atta*$ to x at ea* end a ?9 
%eet-iron  disk a few in*es 9           
circumf]5ce4 ,at once ,bell ask$ himself
 if !  s\nd c\ld be repeat$4 ,exp]im5t  
%[$ t x c\ld1 & ! qu]y  !n sugge/$      
itself to him1 ,c\ld vocal s\nds be ?us 
transmitt$8  ,=?) he set himself to !   
task t result$1 aft] _m  failures1 9 !  
creation ( ! telephone4    ,b ev5 9 !   
case ( ?is m>vel\s in/rum5t x 0 = a long
  "t impossible to obta9 ! necess>y     
f9ancial support4 ,:51 9  #ahgg1 ,bell  
took ! telephone to ,engl&1 he c\ld f9d 
no pur*as]  = half ! ,european rights at
 #aj1jjj1 & 9 ?is c\ntry a p]sonal      
fri5d decl9$ to advance #b1ejj = a half 
int]e/4 ,today1 s x  is /at$1 !re are 9 
use 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates alone             
approximately  sev5 & a half million    
telephones4    ,illu/ration3 ,,alex&]   
,,graham ,,bell',s ,,suburban ,,resid5ce
 ,,at  ,,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4      ,,edison1
 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,inv5tor    ,illu/ration3  
,,! ,,edison ,,h\se ,,at ,,milan1 ,,ohio
    ,"h ,?omas ,a4 ,edison 0 born on    

,febru>y #aa1 #ahdg4    ,nev] has !re   
be5 an ,am]ican inv5tor :o has          
contribut$ m  abundantly ?an ,?omas     
,alva ,edison to ! republic's indu/rial 
expansion1 nor "o :o has a*iev$         
greatness "u a heavi] h&icap  ( e>ly    
disadvantages4 ,born 7#ahdg7 ( a poor   
family 9 an obscure ,ohio  canal        
village1 ,edison began 8 c>e] at ! age (
 twelve 9 !  occupation ( a railway     
newsboy4    ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fir/    
,,phonograph    ,x 0 ) ?is ma*9e t      
,edison 9 #ahgg orig9ally demon/rat$  ! 
fact t s\nd c\ld be record$ & reproduc$4
    ,x 0 z a telegraph]1 :i* he became  
at eighte51 t 8  inv5tive g5ius fir/    
display$ itself4 ,"o aft] ano!r v>i\s   
devices = improv+ telegraphic s]vice    
fl[$ f 8 f]tile  m9d1 until1 aft] 8     
a/oni%+ success 9 inv5t+ a duplex &     
quadruplex telegraph1 he 0 able to comm&
 ! support ( a gr\p (  ,new ,york       
capitali/s 9 c>ry+ ?r\gh a long s]ies ( 
exp]im5ts  t f9ally result$ 9 ! inv5tion
 ( ! n[ famili> ,edison  electric light4

    ,_h x be5 = only ?is "o inv5tion    
,edison's "n w\ld be  gratefully        
rememb]$ = all "t4 ,b to /r5g!n 8 claims
 on !  gratitude ( 8 c\ntrym5 & (       
po/]ity !re has s9ce come f  8 ,new     
,j]sey laboratory a succession (        
inv5tions1--to "n only  a few1 !        
phonograph1 ! k9etoscope1 ! mimeograph1 
! /orage  batt]y1 & ! 8talk+ mov+       
pictures10--:i* h meant new  op5+s =    
capital1 new opportunities = labor1 & an
 incalculable  enl>gem5t ( ! res\rces ( 
! human race4 ,:itney1 ,fulton1 ,h[e1   
,morse1 ,bell1 ,edison1--cle>ly x is    
only simple hi/oric ju/ice to  rate ^!  
great inv5tors ) ! great /atesm51       
w>riors1 &  pione]s :o 9 days gone by h 
won undy+ fame z mak]s ( !  ,am]ican    
republic4    ,illu/ration3 ,,edison     
,,li/5+ ,,to ,,! ,,phonograph           
,,supplem5t>y ,,read+    ,illu/ration   
,lead+ ,am]ican ,inv5tors               
,george ,iles      ,inv5tors            
,p4 ,g4 ,hub]t1 ,jr4      ,f\r ,am]ican 
,inv5tors                               

,f4 ,m4 ,p]ry      ,edison--,8 ,life &  
,inv5tions     ,f4 ,l4 ,dy] & ,t4 ,c4   
,m>t9      ,bell's ,electric ,speak+    
,telephone           ,george ,b4        
,prescott      ,samuel ,f9ley ,breese   
,morse                        ,j4       
,tr[bridge      ,life ( ,rob]t ,fulton  
,t4 ,w4 ,knox      ,memoir ( ,eli       
,:itney                                 
,d4 ,olm/ead    ,illu/ration            
,,que/ions ,,answ]$    ,subscrib]s      
desir+ fur!r in=mation conc]n+ ?is      
subject c  obta9 x by writ+ to    ,!    
,m5tor ,association    #cha ,f\r?       
,av5ue1 ,new ,york ,city                
,illu/ration3 ,,eli ,,:itney            
,,great ,,am]ican ,,inv5tors    ,eli    
,:itney    ,,"o      ,a ma*9e said to h 
paid (f ! debts ( ! ,s\?1 greatly       
increas$ its capital1 & trebl$ ! value (
 its l&1 0 !  inv5tion ( ,eli ,:itney4  
,?is ma*9e 0 ! cotton g94 ,&1 l  _m     
ano!r inv5tor1 ,:itney 0 rew>d$ )       
+ratitude4 ,he add$  hundr$s ( millions 
to ! weal? ( our c\ntry1 & 9 return _h  

to  endure humiliation & vexation ( body
 & _s4    ,eli ,:itney 0 born at        
,we/bor\gh1 ,massa*usetts1 on ,decemb]  
#h1  #agfe4 ,he e>ly %[$ great me*anical
 ability1 & by ! "t he 0  tw5ty-?ree    
ye>s old _h e>n$ en\gh money to enable  
him to ent]  ,yale4 ,aft] graduat+ he   
w5t to ,savannah1 ,georgia1 ) ! hope  ( 
becom+ a tea*] !re4 ,he 0 disappo9t$ 9  
?is2 b made  ! acqua9tance ( ,mrs4      
,na?anael ,gre5e1 wid[ ( ! ,revolution>y
  g5]al1 & paid a visit to h]           
plantation4    ,:5 he 0 !re "s m5 :o 7  
also visit+ ,mrs4 ,gre5e happ5$  "o day 
to lam5t ! fact t !re 0 no ma*9e =      
clean+ !  /aple cotton ( its se$s4 ,?is 
"w _h to be done by h& & 0  v sl[4      
,sep>at+ "o p\nd ( ! clean /aple f ! se$
 0 a  day's "w = a negro woman4         
,sudd5ly ,mrs4 ,gre5e turn$ to !m4      
8,g5tlem510 %e said1 8apply to  my fri5d
 "h1 ,mr4 ,:itney4 ,he c make any?+40 ,&
 %e %[$ !m  sev]al contrivances ! "y    
,nor!rn] _h made4    ,:itney mode/ly    
said t he did n "k h[ successful he w\ld

 be1  b t he w\ld try4 ,9 a few weeks he
 produc$ a model1 consi/+  ( a wood5    
cyl9d] encircl$ by r[s ( sl5d] spikes   
set half an  in* ap>t1 :i* ext5d$ betwe5
 ! b>s ( a grid set s closely  toge!r t 
! se$s c\ld n pass1 b ! l9t 0 pull$     
?r\gh  by ! revolv+ spikes4 ,a revolv+  
bru% clean$ ! spikes1 & !  se$ fell into
 ano!r comp>tm5t4 ,?is ma*9e c\ld clean 
fifty  p\nds ( cotton a day1 z comp>$ ) 
"o p\nd a day clean$ by  h&4    ,:itney 
=m$ a p>tn]%ip ) ,ph9eas ,mill]1 :o lat]
 m>ri$  ,mrs4 ,gre5e1 & !y built a      
factory at ,new ,hav5 to make cotton    
g9s4  ,?is place 0 burn$ to ! gr\nd 9   
,m>*1 #agie1 & ! p>tn]s  7 plung$ into  
debt4 ,sev]al infr+em5ts ( _! pat5t !n  
appe>$ to disc\rage !m /ill m1 & x 0 n  
until #ahjg t  ,:itney's rights 7       
e/abli%$4    ,9 ! mean:ile1 h[ev]1 !    
inv5tor became disgu/$ ) !  /ruggle &   
began manufactur+ fire>ms = ! gov]nm5t4 
,?is  prov$ pr(itable1 & he greatly     
improv$ ! me?ods ( mak+ arms4  ,b f !   
cotton g9 he receiv$ little rev5ue4     

,8 la/ ye>s 7 ! happie/4 ,9 #ahag he    
m>ri$ ,h5rietta ,edw>ds1  ! y\nge/      
daught] ( ,judge ,pi]pont ,edw>ds (     
,connecticut4 ,!y  _h f\r *ildr51 a son 
& ?ree daught]s4 ,:itney di$ 9 ,new     
,hav5  on ,janu>y #h1 #ahbe4            
,,prep>$ ,,by ,,! ,,editorial ,,/aff ,,(
 ,,! ,,m5tor ,,association              
,,illu/ration ,,= ,,! ,,m5tor1 ,,vol4   
#a1 ,no4 #bi1 ,,s]ial ,no4 #bi          
,illu/ration3 ,,rob]t ,,fulton          
,,great ,,am]ican ,,inv5tors    ,rob]t  
,fulton    ,,two      ,rob]t ,fulton 0 n
 ! inv5tor ( ! /eamboat4 ,he 01 h[ev]1  
! fir/ man to apply ! p[] ( ! /eam eng9e
 to ! propulsion  ( boats 9 a practical 
& effective mann]4 ,born ( poor p>5ts at
  ,little ,brita91 n[ ,fulton1 ,lanca/] 
,c\nty1 ,p5nsylvania1 9 #agfe1  he      
receiv$ only ! scantie/ education2 b    
e>ly %[$ promise  ( becom+ an excell5t  
arti/4 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 he took up   
pa9t+ s]i\sly1 & support$ himself ?us 9 
,philadelphia until he  0 tw5ty-"o4     
,!n he b\ght a f>m 9 ,wa%+ton ,c\nty2 b 

soon aft] 0  /rongly advis$ to g to     
,engl& = ! purpose ( /udy+ art  "u !    
,am]ican1 ,b5jam9 ,we/4 ,!re he met ,e>l
 ,/anhope1 ,duke (  ,bridgewat]1 :o     
int]e/$ him 9 eng9e]+4 ,9 #agid he took 
out an  ,engli% pat5t = sup]s$+ canal   
locks by incl9$ planes4 ,he also  inv5t$
 ab\t ?is "t a new me?od = saw+ m>ble1 a
 ma*9e =  sp9n+ flax1 & ano!r = mak+    
ropes4    ,soon aft] ?is he w5t to      
,p>is1 & built a subm>9e1 !  ,nautilus4 
,?is boat 0 tri$ 9 ,bre/ ,h>bor 9 #ahja1
 be=e a  commission appo9t$ by ,napoleon
 ,bonap>te1 & ,fulton succe$$ 9  bl[+ up
 a small vessel an*or$ !re = t purpose4 
,two ye>s  lat]1 at ,p>is1 he 0 also    
successful 9 propell+ a boat by /eam    
p[]4    ,fulton return$ to ,am]ica1 & 9 
p>tn]%ip ) ,rob]t ,liv+/on  con/ruct$ ! 
fir/ ,am]ican /eamboat1 ! ,cl]mont4 ,?is
 0  laun*$ 9 ! spr+ ( #ahjg1 & its      
success caus$ a great  s5sation4 ,!     
pr9ciple ( propell+ boats by /eam 0 n[  
prov$4  ,! ,cl]mont 0 soon e/abli%$ z a 
regul> pass5g] boat betwe5  ,new ,york &

 ,albany4    ,fulton built ! ,demologos1
 or ,fulton ! ,fir/1 = ! ,unit$  ,/ates 
gov]nm5t dur+ ! ye>s #ahad & #ahae4 ,?is
 0 ! fir/  /eam battle%ip ev] con/ruct$4
    ,9 ,febru>y1 #ahae1 ! inv5tor caught
 cold f exposure & rapidly  became      
worse4 ,on ,febru>y #bd he di$1 m\rn$ by
 ev]yone :o _h kn[n  ! man & 8          
a*ievem5ts4        ,,prep>$ ,,by ,,!    
,,editorial ,,/aff ,,( ,,! ,,m5tor      
,,association      ,,illu/ration ,,= ,,!
 ,,m5tor1 ,,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #bi1 ,,s]ial  
,no4 #bi          ,illu/ration3 ,,elias 
,,h[e          ,,great ,,am]ican        
,,inv5tors    ,elias ,h[e    ,,?ree     
,x is a rem>kable fact t "s ( ! greate/ 
& mo/ useful  inv5tions h be5 bitt]ly   
oppos$ by ! v p]sons :om  !y 7 design$  
to help4 ,! b[m5 ( old5 "t res5t$ !     
introduction ( guns2 ! /age coa* l9es   
tri$ 9 e way to block  ! build+ (       
railways2 & ,elias ,h[e1 ! inv5tor ( "o 
( !  greate/ labor sav+ devices 9 ! _w1 
! sew+ ma*9e1 0  ridicul$1 disc\rag$1 & 
d5\nc$ z an enemy ( poor sew+ wom51  !  

ones ^: toil he 0 seek+ to light54 ,!y  
imag9$ t )  ! introduction ( ! sew+     
ma*9e _! occupation w\ld be tak5  away4 
,elias ,h[e 0 born at ,sp5c]1           
,massa*usetts1 on ,july #i1 #ahai1 "o ( 
a family ( eight *ildr54 ,8 fa!r 0 a    
f>m] & mill]1 &  ,elias' e>ly ye>s 7    
sp5t 9 ! mill4 ,at ! same "t he manag$  
to pick up a smatt]+ ( education4    ,he
 w5t to ,l[ell1 ,massa*usetts1 9 #ahce1 
to "w 9 a cotton mill4  ,two ye>s lat]  
he obta9$ a place 9 a ,cambridge ma*9e  
%op1  9 :i* 8 c\s91 ,na?aniel ,p4       
,banks1 aft]w>d gov]nor (               
,massa*usetts1 0 also employ$4    ,h[e  
m>ri$ at ! age ( tw5ty-"o & mov$ to     
,bo/on4 ,x 0 !re  t ! fir/ g]ms ( 8     
great idea became implant$ 9 8 bra94    
,to increase ! family income 8 wife did 
sew+ at night4 ,z ,h[e  wat*$ h] sl[ly &
 labori\sly /it*+ a seam1 8 inv5tive m9d
  s\ght & s\ght = "s way to decrease h] 
toil4 ,he _h a natural  b5t = me*anics1 
& x 0 n long be=e he _h con/ruct$ !     
fir/ crude sew+ ma*9e4    ,?is 0 9      

,octob]1 #ahdd4 ,b1 al?\gh he n[ _h 8   
idea1 he lack$  money to prove its      
value4 ,h[ev]1 a man nam$ ,fi%] 9       
,cambridge  lik$ 8 inv5tion1 & agre$ to 
bo>d ,h[e & 8 family & to  advance #ejj 
9 return = a half int]e/ 9 ! pat5t4 ,by 
! middle  ( next ,may1 ,h[e _h con/ruct$
 a ma*9e :i* did sew+ t  promis$ to     
outla/ ! clo?4    ,b ! inv5tion 0 oppos$
 ev]y:]e 9 ,am]ica4 ,f9ally1 9 #ahdf1   
,h[e's bro!r ,amasa w5t to ,engl&1 &    
manag$ to sell ! ,engli%  rights 9 !    
ma*9e = #a1bej to a ,william ,?omas4    
,?is man also  gave ,elias ,h[e a place 
9 8 factory at #ae a week4 ,b he treat$ 
! inv5tor %amefully1 & ,h[e ?rew up !   
situation4 ,he s5t 8  family back to    
,am]ica ahead ( him1 & !n return$       
himself4 ,he  l&$ 9 ,new ,york ) less   
?an a doll> 9 8 pocket1 & 0 met  ) !    
news t 8 wife 0 dy+ ( consumption at    
,cambridge4 ,he  manag$ to borr[ "s     
money1 & rea*$ h] side j be=e %e  pass$ 
away4    ,^! 7 ,h[e's d>ke/ days4       
,imitations ( 8 ma*9e 7  infr++ on 8    

pat5t1 & he _h to beg9 sev]al suits to  
e/abli% 8 rights4 ,he & ano!r man n[    
began to manufacture  sew+ ma*9es 9 a   
small way4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is "t t !  8sew+  
ma*9e riots0 took place2 b soon ! real  
value ( !  inv5tion 0 se51 & all        
opposition ceas$4    ,bright] times     
began = ! inv5tor4 ,he won 8 pat5t      
suits1 &  by #ahfc 8 royalties 7 e/imat$
 at #d1jjj a day6 ,at ! ,p>is           
,exposition ( #ahfg he 0 aw>d$ a gold   
m$al & ! ribbon ( !  ,legion ( ,honor4  
,8 la/ ye>s 7 happy ones4 ,he di$ on    
,octob] #c1  #ahfg4        ,,prep>$ ,,by
 ,,! ,,editorial ,,/aff ,,( ,,! ,,m5tor 
,,association      ,,illu/ration ,,= ,,!
 ,,m5tor1 ,,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #bi1 ,,s]ial  
,no4 #bi          ,illu/ration3 ,,samuel
 ,f4 ,b4 ,,morse          ,,great       
,,am]ican ,,inv5tors    ,samuel ,f4 ,b4 
,morse    ,,f\r      ,! /ory has be5    
told t ! fir/ words t ev] came ov] a    
telegraph in/rum5t 7 8,:at ha? ,god     
,wr\ght60 & t !y 7  spell$ out by       
,samuel ,f4 ,b4 ,morse1 ! inv5tor ( !   

telegraphic  code4 ,?is 0 suppos$ to h  
tak5 place 9 #ahdd 9 ,baltimore1 &  to h
 proclaim$ ! fact t ,morse's dream (    
telegraphy _h become  a reality4 ,we are
 n[ told on good au?ority t ?is 0 n !   
fir/ message to be s5t by telegraph1 nor
 0 ,morse ! s5d] ( !  words4 ,in/ead1 x 
0 s5t by "o ( ! committee :o 7 debat+   
^u ! proposal ( ,morse1 ! inv5tor1 to   
/r+ a telegraph l9e  f ,baltimore to    
,wa%+ton4 ,morse1 :o want$ to end !     
discussion  & at ! same "t demon/rate 8 
inv5tion1 /rung a wire f !  committee   
room to ! top ( ! ,capitol4 ,"o ( !     
committee1 :o 0  oppos$ to ,presid5t    
,tyl]1 wrote1 8,tyl] des]ves to be      
hang$40 ,?is  0 receiv$ by ! man at !   
o!r end exactly z x 0 compos$4          
,samuel ,f9ley ,breese ,morse 0 born at 
,*>le/[n1 ,massa*usetts1 on  ,april #bg1
 #agia4 ,he 0 ! son ( ! ,rev4 ,j$$iah   
,morse1 & !  great-gr&son ( ,samuel     
,f9ley1 ! second presid5t ( ! ,college (
  ,new ,j]sey at ,pr9ceton4    ,morse   
ent]$ ,yale at ! age ( f\rte51 :i* 0 n  

consid]$  extremely "y 9 ^? days4 ,x 0  
!re t he fir/ began !  /udy (           
electricity4 ,b 8 ta/es l$ him m /rongly
 t[>d art  ?an t[>d sci5ce1 & 9 #ahaa ! 
"y graduate became ! pupil (  ,wa%+ton  
,all/on & w5t ) him to ,engl&4 ,"h he   
rema9$ f\r  ye>s1 di/+ui%+ himself ) 8  
bru% & mak+ _m fri5ds4    ,dur+ ! next  
few ye>s ! "y arti/ travel$ ab\t ,new   
,engl&1  pa9t+ portraits = ! sum ( #ae  
apiece4 ,lat] he increas$ 8  price to   
#fj a portrait1 do+ an av]age ( f\r a   
week4 ,by ! money  ?us e>n$ he 0 enabl$ 
to m>ry ,miss ,lucretia ,p4 ,walk] on   
,octob]  #f1 #ahah4    ,9 #ahbe ,morse 0
 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ! ,national ,academy ( 
,design1 & 0 its fir/ presid5t1 f #ahbf 
until #ahde4 ,he made a  second visit to
 ,europe 9 #ahbi1 & travel$ ab\t !      
,cont95t =  ?ree ye>s be=e return+ to   
,new ,york4    ,dur+ all ?is "t1 h[ev]1 
:ile he 0 work+ at 8 art1  ,morse's m9d 
_h also be5 occupi$ ) ano!r int]e/4 ,t 0
  electromagnetism1 & ! possibility (   
communication betwe5 f>  di/ant places  

by means ( x4    ,x 0 on bo>d ! %ip     
,sully1 9 :i* he 0 return+ to ,am]ica1  
t he said1 8,if ! pres5ce ( electricity 
c be made visible 9  any "p ( ! circuit1
 ,i see no reason :y intellig5ce may n  
be  transmitt$ by electricity40 ,& 9 a  
few days he _h f9i%$ "s  r\gh plans ( an
 app>atus to d ?is4    ,b x 0 a twelve  
ye>s' /ruggle aga9/ pov]ty &            
disc\ragem5t  be=e he c\ld get any      
app>atus t w\ld "w4 ,f9ally1 h[ev]1  he 
0 successful 9 ?is1 & aft] tak+ out a   
pat5t appli$ to  ,congress = money to   
exp]im5t ) ! telegraph ov] a circuit (  
suffici5t l5g? to te/ its possibility & 
value4 ,aft] long delay  he 0 at la/    
grant$ ?is 9 #ahdc4 ,a l9e 0 built f    
,baltimore  to ,wa%+ton1 & on ,may #bd1 
#ahdd1 ,miss ,ellswor?1 daught] ( !     
,commission] ( ,pat5ts1 s5t ! fir/      
message f ! *amb] ( !  ,supreme ,c\rt 9 
,wa%+ton to ,baltimore4    ,?ree ye>s   
lat] ,morse 0 compell$ to def5d 8       
inv5tion 9 !  c\rts1 & successfully     
prov$ 8 claim to be call$ ! inv5tor (  !

 electromagnetic record+ telegraph4 ,he 
m>ri$ = ! second "t  9 #ahdh4    ,9     
#ahga a bronze /atue ( ,morse 0 erect$ 9
 ,c5tral ,p>k1 ,new ,york  ,city1 & !   
foll[+ ye>1 on ,april #b1 ! great       
inv5tor di$1  simple1 dignifi$1 & k9dly 
to ! end4        ,,prep>$ ,,by ,,!      
,,editorial ,,/aff ,,( ,,! ,,m5tor      
,,association      ,,illu/ration ,,= ,,!
 ,,m5tor1 ,,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #bi1 ,,s]ial  
,no4 #bi          ,illu/ration3 ,,alex&]
 ,,graham ,,bell          ,,great       
,,am]ican ,,inv5tors    ,alex&] ,graham 
,bell    ,,five      ,"o hot aft]noon 9 
,june1 ab\t =ty ye>s ago1 a "y man 0    
/&+ 9 a grimy work%op by ! side ( a     
crude little ma*9e  compos$ ( a clock   
spr+ re$1 a magnet1 & a wire4 ,he 0 b5d+
  ov] ?is que] ma*9e li/5+ int5tly4     
,sudd5ly he b5t ne>]1 a  />tl$ look (   
excitem5t ^u 8 face4 ,f ! clock spr+ _h 
come a fa9t1 almo/ inaudible s\nd4 ,! "y
 man /raight5$ up  & ran into an adjo9+ 
room1 :]e ano!r man /ood ne> a second   
in/rum5t simil> to ! fir/4    8,snap t  

re$ aga960 he cri$ excit$ly4    ,!      
assi/ant obey$ him1 & aga9 came t fa9t  
twang f !  spr+ 9 ! front room4 ,!      
telephone 0 born6    ,& ! man :o        
accompli%$ ?is wond] 0 a poor "y        
pr(essor (  elocution 9 ,bo/on1 ,alex&] 
,graham ,bell4 ,he 0 n an ,am]ican by   
bir?4 ,he 0 born 9 ,ed9burgh1 ,scotl&1  
on ,m>* #a1 #ahdg4 ,8 fa!r  0 ,alex&]   
,melville ,bell1 ! inv5tor ( a sy/em by 
:i* ! deaf  c read spee* by obs]v+ !    
motion ( ! lips4    ,! ,bell family mov$
 to ,canada 9 #ahgj1 & ,alex&]1 ! y\ng]1
  took up tea*+ ! deaf & dumb 9 ,bo/on4 
,he became in/ructor  ( phonetics1 or ! 
sci5ce ( articulate s\nd1 9 ,monroe's   
,s*ool  ( ,oratory4 ,he 0 a h>d work]1 b
 poor4 ,"o "t :5 he _h  rheumatism 8    
employ] _h to pay 8 hospital exp5ses4   
,x 0 ab\t ?is "t t ,bell began exp]im5t+
 ) !  transmission ( s\nd by            
electricity4 ,= a numb] ( ye>s o!r  p _h
 be5 try+ to d ?is4 ,sir ,*>les         
,:eat/one 9 ,engl&  _h discov]$ t wires 
*>g$ ) electricity (t5 c>ri$ noises  9 a

 curi\s way4 ,9 #ahfi ,reis1 a ,g]man   
pr(essor1 con/ruct$ an  in/rum5t t s5t a
 s]ies ( clicks along an electric wire  
to an  electromagnetic receiv] at ! o!r 
end4 ,& o!rs 7 turn+  _! att5tion to ?is
 int]e/+ phase ( telegraphy4    ,b x 0  
,alex&] ,graham ,bell :o fir/ succe$$ 9 
grasp+ !  correct idea4 ,a few mon?s    
aft] ! incid5t describ$ above1 on a day 
9 ,janu>y1 #ahgf1 he call$ "s ( 8 pupils
 into a room & %[$  !m an in/rum5t t    
transmitt$ s++ f ! cell> ( !  build+ to 
:]e !y 7 on ! f\r? floor4    ,p 7 at    
fir/ sl[ to appreciate ! importance (   
?is great  inv5tion3 b gradually !y came
 to see its value1 & today !re  are ov] 
sev5 million telephones 9 use 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates alone4    ,money & honors h p\r$
 9 ^u ! inv5tor1 :o /ill lives  to enjoy
 8 triumph4 ,8 income is said to be m   
?an #a1jjj1jjj  a ye>4 ,9 #ahhj ! ,fr5* 
gov]nm5t aw>d$ him ! ,volta prize (     
#aj1jjj1 & two ye>s lat] he receiv$ f ! 
same c\ntry !  ribbon ( ! ,legion (     
,honor4        ,,prep>$ ,,by ,,!        

,,editorial ,,/aff ,,( ,,! ,,m5tor      
,,association      ,,illu/ration ,,= ,,!
 ,,m5tor1 ,,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #bi1 ,,s]ial  
,no4 #bi          ,illu/ration3 ,,?omas 
,a4 ,,edison          ,,great ,,am]ican 
,,inv5tors    ,?omas ,alva ,edison      
,,six      ,! sc5e--! ,bo/on (fice ( a  
great telegraph company4 ,!  "t--a half 
c5tury ago4 ,ent] a tall "y man we>+ a  
sl\*y1  broad-brimm$ hat & a wet du/]   
cl++ to 8 legs1 :o m>*es  into !        
sup]9t5d5t's (fice1 & says3 8,"h ,i am40
 ,!  sup]9t5d5t gazes at him4 8,:o are  
y80 he f9ally asks4    8,tom ,edison40  
8,& :o on e>? might ,tom ,edison be80   
,! "y man expla9s t he has be5 ord]$ to 
report = duty at  ! ,bo/on (fice4 ,he is
 told to sit d[n & wait4 ,a little :ile 
lat] a ,new ,york s5d]1 :o is "o ( ! mo/
 rapid 9 ! telegraph  bus9ess at ! "t1  
calls up4    ,all ! op]ators are busy4  
8,let t new fell[ try him10 says ! *ief4
    ,edison sits d[n & = f\r & "o-half  
h\rs takes ! spe$y  messages4 ,! fa/] ! 
in/rum5t clicks1 ! fa/] he writes !     

words4 ,at ! end ,new ,york calls3      
8,hello60    8,hello y\rself60 ,edison  
fla%es back4    8,:o ! dick5s are y80   
asks ! ,new ,york op]ator4    8,tom     
,edison40    8,y are ! fir/ man 9 !     
c\ntry1 t c\ld ev] take me at my        
fa/e/10 clicks out ,new ,york1 8& ! only
 "o :o c\ld ev] sit at  ! o!r end ( my  
wire = m ?an two h\rs & a half4 ,i'm    
pr\d  to "k y40    ,?is little /ory (   
,?omas ,alva ,edison %[s t ev5 z a "y   
man  he exhibit$ unusual ability4 ,he 0 
born on ,febru>y #aa1 #ahdg1 at  ,milan1
 ,erie ,c\nty1 ,ohio4 ,8 family mov$ to 
,port ,huron1 ,mi*igan1  :5 ! boy 0     
sev51 & :5 he 0 only twelve ye>s old    
,edison  became a tra9 newsboy on !     
railway to ,detroit4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is  "t t
 he rigg$ up app>atus 9 ! baggage c> &  
exp]im5t$  ) *emi/ry & telegraphy4      
,he 0 b fifte5 :5 he became a telegraph 
op]ator4 ,b 8  /udies & exp]im5ts       
int]f]$ s mu* ) 8 duties t he 0  dis*>g$
 _m times4 ,he work$ 9 a numb] ( cities 
( ! ,unit$  ,/ates & ,canada4 ,at ! age 

( tw5ty-"o he _h built an automatic     
repeat]1 by :i* a telegraphic message   
c\ld be transf]r$ f  "o wire to ano!r   
)\t ! aid ( an op]ator4 ,by means ( ?is 
messages c\ld be s5t direct to a mu*    
great] di/ance ?an =m]ly4    ,edison    
f9ally w5t to ,bo/on1 z relat$ h]e91 &  
!nce to ,new  ,york1 9 #ahfi4 ,!re he   
inv5t$ an improv$ pr9t+ telegraph =     
/ock quotations1 ! tick]4 ,= ?is he     
receiv$ #dj1jjj4    ,!n he built a      
laboratory at ,new>k1 ,new ,j]sey2 b f\r
 ye>s lat]  mov$ to ,m5lo ,p>k1 & lat]  
to ,we/ ,orange1 ,new ,j]sey4 ,all ! "t 
he cont9u$ 8 exp]im5ts & inv5tions4 ,he 
lives n[ at ,orange1  & is z h>d a work]
 z he 0 :5 a "y man4    ,among ,edison's
 m important inv5tions are 8 sy/em (    
multiplex  telegraphy2 ! c>bon telephone
 transmitt]2 ! phonograph2  ! inc&esc5t 
lamp & light sy/em2 ! k9etoscope2 & !   
talk+-mov+-picture4 ,9 all he has _h    
sev5 hundr$ pat5ts grant$  to him4    ,9
 #ahgh ,edison 0 made ,*evali] & aft]w>d
 ,comm&] ( ! ,legion  ( ,honor by !     

,fr5* gov]nm5t4        ,,prep>$ ,,by ,,!
 ,,editorial ,,/aff ,,( ,,! ,,m5tor     
,,association      ,,illu/ration ,,= ,,!
 ,,m5tor1 ,,vol4 #a1 ,no4 #bi1 ,,s]ial  
,no4 #bi