,,/udies ,,on ,,hom] ,,& ,,! ,,hom]ic ,,age4 ,,by ,,! ,,"r ,,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,,glad/one1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,m4 ,p4 ,,= ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ox=d4 ,,9 ,,?ree ,,volumes4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,pl5ius ac melius ,*rysippo et ,crantore4--,,horace4 ,,ox=d3 ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press4 ,m4,,dccc4,,lviii4 ,,/udies ,,on ,,hom] ,,& ,,! ,,hom]ic ,,age4 ,,olympus3 ,,or1 ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,hom]ic ,,age4 ,,by ,,! ,,"r ,,hon4 ,w4 ,e4 ,,glad/one1 ,d4,c4,l4 ,m4 ,p4 ,,= ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,ox=d4 ,pl5ius ac melius ,*rysippo et ,crantore4--,,horace4 ,,ox=d3 ,,at ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,press4 ,m4,,dccc4,,lviii4 ,! "r ( ,translation is res]v$4 ,,! ,,cont5ts4 ,,olympus3 ,,or ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,hom]ic ,,age4 ,,sect4 ,i4 ,on ! mix$ "* ( ! ,sup]natural ,sy/em1 or ,!o-my?ology ( ,hom]4 ,hom]'s me?od n sy/ematic ,page #a ,incongruities ( 8 ,!o-my?ology po9t to div]sity ( s\rces #b ,remnants ( primitive tradition likely to be f\nd 9 ! ,poems #c ,extra-judaical relations betwe5 ,god & man #f ,) tradition x comb9es inv5tion #i ,x is a true ,!ology corrupt$ #i ,x has n its basis 9 nature-wor%ip #aj ,x c\ld n h sprung f inv5tion only #ac ,sacrifices admitt$ to be traditional #ae ,t5d5cy ( primitive religion to decay #ag ,d[nw>d c\rse ( ! idea ( ,god #ah ,decl9e closely connect$ ) ,poly!ism #bj ,inducem5ts to ,nature-wor%ip #ba ,! det]ioration ( religion progressive #bc ,paganism 9 its old age #be ,! imp]sonations ( ,hom] #bf ,! nature ( ! my?s ( ,hom] #bi ,tradition ! prop] key to _m ( !m #cj ,he exhibits ! two sy/ems 9 active impact #cb ,/eps ( ! d[nw>d process #cc ,s\rces ( ! inv5tive portions #ce ,orig9ality ( ! ,olympian sy/em #cg ,,sect4 ,,ii4 ,! traditive elem5t ( ! ,hom]ic ,!o-my?ology4 ,! *annels ( e>ly religi\s tradition #ci ,"s lead+ e>ly traditions ( ,scripture #dj ,z to ! ,godhead #db ,z to ! ,r$eem] #db ,z to ! ,evil ,"o #dc ,_! defac$ c\nt]p>ts 9 ,hom] #dc ,deities ( equivocal position #df ,?reefold mat]ials ( ! ,greek religion #dh ,messianic traditions ( ! ,hebrews #di ,to be le>n$ f ?ree s\rces #di ,attributes ascrib$ to ! ,messiah #ea ,! deities ( tradition 9 ,hom] #ed ,m9]va & ,apollo jo9tly =m ! key #ee ,notes ( _! ,olympian rank #ef ,( _! high] antiquity #eg ,! ,second>ies ( ,m9]va #ei ,! ,second>ies ( ,apollo #fj ,argum5t f ! ,second>ies #fc ,picture ( human society 9 ,olympus #fd ,dignity & prec$5ce ( ,m9]va #ff ,( ,apollo #fi ,m9]va's relations ( w & affection ) ,jupit] #gj ,^? ( ,apollo #ga ,apollo ! ,deliv]] ( ,heav5 #gb ,p[] ( ,m9]va 9 ! ,%ades #gc ,^! deities are nev] foil$ by o!rs #gd ,! special hon\r ( ! ,tr9e ,invocation #gh ,!y receive univ]sal wor%ip #gi ,!y are n localiz$ 9 any abode #hb ,!y are objects toge!r ) ,jupit] ( habitual pray] #hc ,exempt f appetite & physical limitations #hf ,_! mann] ( appreciat+ sacrifice #hh ,_! indep5d5t p[] ( puni%m5t #ij ,!y h&le special attributes ( ,jupit] #id ,!y ex]cise dom9ion ov] nature #ih ,relation ( ,apollo 7) ,diana7 to ,dea? #aja ,exemption f ! use ( second causes #ajd ,sup]iority ( _! moral /&>d #aje ,special relation ( ,apollo to ,diana #ajh ,dis9tegration ( primitive traditions #ajh ,! ,leg5d ( ,alcyone #aaa ,place ( ,m9]va & ,apollo 9 ,provid5tial gov]nm5t #aac ,x is frequ5tly ascrib$ to !m #aae ,especially ! inn] p>ts ( x to ,m9]va #aag ,apollo's gift ( k #aai ,intimacy ( ,m9]va's p]sonal relations ) man #aba ,=m ( _! relation to _! attributes #abb ,! capacity to attract new ones #abd ,wide range ( _! functions #abe ,tradition ( ! ,sun #abf ,! c5tral wisdom ( ,m9]va #abi ,! ?ree *>act]s ( ,apollo #acj ,! opposition betwe5 two ( !m #aca ,m9]va & ,apollo d n fit into ,olympus #acc ,orig9 ( ! ,greek names #acc ,summ>y ( _! di/9ctive traits #acd ,explanation by ,fri$rei* #ach ,treatm5t ( ,apollo by ,mll] #ada ,aft]-c\rse ( ! traditions #adb ,! ,diana ( ,hom] #adc ,h] acts & attributes 9 ! poems #add ,! ,latona ( ,hom] #adg ,h] attributes 9 ! poems #adi ,h] relation to primitive ,tradition #aec ,h] acts 9 ! poems #aed ,! ,iris ( ,hom] #aef ,! ,at ( ,hom] #aeh ,! ( ,hom] #afb ,o!r traditions ( ! ,evil ,"o #afb ,p>allel citations f ,holy ,scripture #afe ,! ,future ,/ate 9 ,hom] #afg ,sacrificial tradition 9 ,hom] #aga ,he has no sabbatical tradition #aga ,,sect4 ,,iii4 ,! inv5tive elem5t ( ! ,hom]ic ,!o-my?ology4 ,! "* ( ,jupit] #agc ,its f\rfold aspect4--#a4 ,jupit] z ,provid5ce #agd #b4 ,jupit] z ,"l ( ,air #agh ,e>? :y vacant 9 ! ,lott]y #agi #c4 ,jupit] z ,head ( ,olympus #aha ,8 want ( moral elem5ts #ahc ,8 /rong political _s #ahe #d4 ,jupit] z ! type ( animalism #ahf ,qualifi$ by 8 p>5tal in/9cts #ahi ,! ,juno ( ,hom] #aij ,juno ( ! ,iliad & ,juno ( ! ,odyssey #aia ,h] int5se nationality #aib ,h] my?ological functions #aic ,h] my?ological orig9 #aig ,! ,neptune ( ,hom] #aii ,8 ?reefold aspect #bjj ,8 traits mix$1 b *iefly my?ological #bja ,8 relation to ! ,phnicians #bje ,8 relation to ! tradition ( ! ,evil ,"o #bjf ,8 gr&eur is mat]ial #bji ,! ,aidoneus ( ,hom] #baj ,8 p]sonality %ad[y & feeble #baa ,! ,c]es or ,demet] ( ,hom] #bab ,h] ,pelasgian associations #bac ,h] place 9 ,olympus #bae ,h] my?ological orig9 #bae ,! ,pros]p9e or ,p]sephone ( ,hom] #bag ,h] m>k$ & sub/antive "* #bah ,h] connection ) ! ,ea/ #bbj ,h] place 9 ,olympus d\btful #bbc ,h] associations ,hell5ic & n ,pelasgian #bbd ,! ,m>s ( ,hom] #bbe ,8 limit$ wor%ip & attributes #bbf ,m>s z yet sc>cely ,greek #bbi ,! ,m]cury ( ,hom] #bca ,preem95tly ! god ( increase #bcc ,m]cury ,hell5ic z well z ,phnician #bce ,b app>5tly rec5t 9 ,greece #bcg ,8 ,olympian function di/9ct f t ( ,iris #bch ,! poems consi/5t ) "o ano!r 9 ?is po9t #bda ,! ,v5us ( ,hom] #bdc ,v5us z yet sc>cely ,greek #bdd ,advance ( h] wor%ip f ! ,ea/ #bdg ,h] ,olympian rank & "* #bdi ,h] extremely limit$ p[]s #bdi ,app>5tly unable to conf] beauty #bea ,hom] nev] by int5tion makes h] attractive #beb ,! ,vulcan ( ,hom] #bed ,8 ,phnician & ,ea/]n extraction #bee ,8 m>riage ) ,v5us #beg ,vulcan 9 & out ( 8 art #bei ,! ( ,hom] #bfj ,9 ! ,iliad #bfa ,9 ! ,odyssey #bfb ,is ( ! ,olympian c\rt #bfc ,8 incorporation ) ,apollo #bfd ,! ,dionysus or ,bac*us ( ,hom] #bff ,8 wor%ip rec5t #bff ,app>5tly ( ,phnician orig9 #bfg ,he is ( ! l[e/ inv5tive type #bfi ,,sect4 ,,iv4 ,! ,composition ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt2 & ! classification ( ! :ole sup]natural ord] 9 ,hom]4 ,pr9cipal cases ( exclusion f ,olympus #bga ,case ( ,oceanus #bgc ,toge!r ) t ( ,kronos & ,rhea #bgd ,! ,d majores ( ! lat] tradition #bge ,numb] ( ! ,olympian gods 9 ,hom] #bge ,:at deities are ( t rank #bgg ,! ,hebe & ! ,paieon ( ,hom] #bgh ,! ,eris ( ,hom] #bhj ,classification ( ! tw5ty ,olympian deities #bhb ,! rema9+ sup]natural ord]1 9 six classes #bhc ,de/9y or ,fate 9 ,hom] #bhe ,"u ! =m ( #bhf ,dea? inexorable to ,fate or ,deity alike #bhg ,de/9y "u ! =m ( #bij ,"u ! =m ( #bic ,g5]al view ( ! ,hom]ic ,de/9y #bid ,n antagoni/ic to ,div9e w #big ,! m9or imp]sonations ( natural p[]s #bih ,! ( ,hom] #cjj ,! ,er9ues ( ,hom] #cjb ,_! (fice is to v9dicate ! moral ord] #cje ,_! op]ation ^u ! ,immortals #cjf ,_! connection ) ,aides & ,p]sephone #cjh ,_! relation to ,de/9y #caj ,_! op]ation ^u man #caj ,_! occasional function z tempt]s #cab ,! translation ( mortals #cac ,! deification ( mortals #cad ,gr[? ( mat]ial = its ext5sion #caf ,! k9dr$ ( ! gods 7#a7 ! ,cyclopes #cah 7#b7 ,! ,l/rygones #cai 7#c7 ,! ,phacians #cbj 7#d7 olus ,hippotades #cbb ,,sect4 ,v4 ,! ,olympian ,community & its ,memb]s consid]$ 9 !mselves4 ,! family ord] 9 ,olympus #cbe ,! political ord] 9 ,olympus #cbf ,abs5ce ( important re/ra9ts ^u _! collective action #cbg ,!y are influ5c$ by c\rtesy & intellig5ce #cbh ,sup]iority ( ! ,olympian ,immortals #ccj ,_! unity imp]fect #cca ,_! polity works con/itutionally #ccb ,! sy/em n uni=m #ccc ,!y are inf]ior 9 morality to m5 #ccd ,& are gov]n$ ma9ly by =ce & fraud #cce ,_! dom9ant & pr(\nd selfi%ness #ccg ,! cruelty ( ,calypso 9 h] love #cci ,_! /&>d ( ta/e & feel+ l[ #cdj ,! ,olympian life is a deprav$ copy ( ! h]oic #cda ,! exemption f dea? uni=m #cdb ,! exemption f o!r limitations p>tial #cde ,sometimes bas$ on peculi> gr\nds #cdf ,div9e faculties = ! mo/ "p an ext5sion f ! human #cdh ,_! dep5d5ce on ! eye #cej ,_! p[]s ( locomotion #ceb ,*ief heads ( sup]iority to mank9d #cec ,_! sup]iority 9 /ature & beauty #ced ,_! lib]t9ism #cee ,_! ke5 reg>d to sacrifice & ! gr\nd ( x #ceg ,_! circumscrib$ p[] ov] nature #ceh ,p>ts ( ! body h[ ascrib$ to !m #cei ,examples ( miracle 9 ,hom] #cfa ,mode ( _! action on ! human m9d #cfc ,!y d n disc]n ! ?\ghts #cfe ,,sect4 ,,vi4 ,! ,olympian ,community & its ,memb]s consid]$ 9 _! influ5ce on human society & conduct4 ,lack ( p]iodical obs]vances & ( a m9i/]+ class #cfg ,yet ! religion 0 a real p[] 9 life #cfh ,! effect ( ! corruption ( ! gods 0 n yet fully felt #cfi ,!y %[ little reg>d to human int]e/s #cga ,a moral tone is occasionally p]ceptible #cgc ,preval5t belief z to _! views ( man & life #cgd ,x l5t consid]able support to virtue #cgg ,_! c\rse ) respect to ,troy #cgh ,be>+ ( ! religion on social ties #chj ,& on political relations #chb ,! ,oa? #chc ,be>+ ( ! religion on ! poems #che ,z reg>ds ,neptune's wra? 9 ! ,odyssey #chg ,z reg>ds ! virtue ( purity #chh ,z reg>ds poetic effect #chh ,comp>ison ( its e>lie/ & late/ =m #cij ,gloom prevails 9 ,hom]'s view ( human de/9y #cib ,! p]sonal belief ( ,hom] #cid ,,sect4 ,,vii4 ,on ! traces ( an orig9 abroad = ! ,olympian ,religion4 ,! ,olympian deities classifi$ accord+ to local extraction #cig ,_! connection z a body ) ! ?iopes #cii ,confirms ! hypo!sis ( ,p]sian orig9 #djb ,h]odotus on ! ,scy?ian religion #djb ,8 report f ,egypt ab\t ! ,greek deities #djd ,f\r sev]al bases ( religi\s sy/ems #dje ,an?ropophuism 9 ! ,olympian religion #djf ,nature-wor%ip z describ$ 9 ! ,book ( ,wisdom #djf ,its second>y place 9 ! ,olympian religion #djg ,9 :at s5se x foll[s a prior ,nature-wor%ip #dji ,! pr9ciple ( ,brute-wor%ip #daj ,its traces 9 ! ,olympian religion #daa ,*ief ve/ige3 ox5 ( ! ,sun #dab ,xan?us ! horse ( ,a*illes #dad ,,sect4 ,,viii4 ,! ,morals ( ! ,hom]ic ,age4 ,! g5]al type ( ,greek "* 9 ! h]oic age #dag ,! moral s5se 9 ! h]oic age #dah ,use ( ! words & #dba ,( ! ^w #dbc ,religion & morals 7 n dissociat$ #dbe ,moral elem5ts 9 ! practice ( sacrifice #dbg ,?ree ma9 motives to virtue4 #a4 ,reg>d to ! gods #dbg #b4 ,! p[] ( consci5ce #dbh #c4 ,reg>d = ! s5tim5ts ( mank9d #dcj ,! =ce & =ms ( #dca ,o!r cognate t]ms #dce ,homicide 9 ! h]oic age #dcf ,eight in/ances 9 ! poems #dcg ,:y view$ ) little disfav\r #ddj ,piracy 9 ! h]oic age #ddb ,its nature z !n practis$ #ddc ,mix$ view ( x 9 ! poems #ddd ,family feuds 9 ! h]oic age #ddf ,temp]ance 9 ! h]oic age #ddg ,self-control 9 ! h]oic age #ddh ,abs5ce ( ! vice ( cruelty #dej ,savage ideas occasionally express$ #dea ,^! n unfamili> to lat] ,greece #dec ,wra? 9 ,ulysses #ded ,wra? 9 ,a*illes #dee ,dome/ic affections 9 ! h]oic age #def ,relation%ips close1 n wide #dei ,purity 9 ! h]oic age #dfj ,lay ( ! ,net ( ,vulcan #dfa ,direct evid5ce ( comp>ative purity #dfe ,treatm5t ( ! human =m #dff ,treatm5t ( v>i\s *>act]s #dfg ,outl9e ( ,greek life 9 ! h]oic age #dfh ,its morality1 & t ( lat] ,greece #dga ,po9ts ( its sup]iority #dgb ,inf]ior z to crimes ( viol5ce #dge ,"s effects ( slav]y #dgf ,signs ( deg5]acy be=e ,hom]'s dea? #dgg ,,sect4 ,,ix4 ,woman 9 ! h]oic age4 ,! place ( ,woman g5]ally1 & 9 h]oic ,greece #dgi ,its comp>ative elevation #dhj #a4 ,/ate ( ! law & cu/om ( m>riage #dha ,m>riage 0 uni=mly s+le #dhc #b4 ,conceiv$ 9 a _s ( fre$om #dhc ,its place 9 ! c>e] ( life #dhe ,mode ( contraction #dhf #c4 ,p]petuity ( ! tie ( m>riage #dhg ,adult]y #dhh ,des]tion #dhi #d4 ,greek ideas ( ince/ #dhi #e4 ,fidelity 9 m>ri$ life #dib ,treatm5t ( spuri\s *ildr5 #did ,case ( ,briseis #die ,mode ( contract+ m>riage #dif ,concub9age ( ,greek *iefta9s 9 ,troas #dig ,dignity ( conjugal & fem99e mann]s #dii ,social position ( ! wife #ejj ,=ce ( conjugal atta*m5ts #ejb ,woman *>act]s ( ,hom] #ejc ,! prov9ce ( ,woman well def9$ #eje ,argum5t f ! position ( ! goddesses #ejf ,wom5 admitt$ to sov]eignty #ejg ,& to ! s]vice ( ! gods #eji ,_! h\sehold employm5ts #eaa ,_! s]vice ab\t ! ba? #eab ,explanation ( ! presum$ difficulty #eae ,pro( f ! case ( ,ulysses 9 ,s*]ia #eag ,subsequ5t decl5sion ( ,woman #eah ,,sect4 ,x4 ,! ,(fice ( ! ,hom]ic ,poems 9 relation to t ( ! e>ly ,books ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,po9ts ( lit]>y resemblance #eba ,provid5tial functions ( ,greece & ,rome #ebc ,( ! ,e>ly records ( ,holy ,scripture #ebd ,! ,sacr$ ,books are n m]e lit]>y works #ebe ,provid5tial use ( ! ,hom]ic poems #ebg ,!y complete ! code ( primitive in/ruction #ebi ,human hi/ory _h no visible c5tre up to ! ,adv5t #eca ,nor = "s "t aft] x #ecb ,a purpose s]v$ by ! :ole design #ecc ,,olympus1 ,,or ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,! ,,hom]ic ,,age4 ,,sect4 ,i4 ,on ! ,mix$ ,"* ( ! ,sup]natural ,sy/em1 or ,!o-,my?ology1 ( ,hom]4 ,?\gh ! poems ( ,hom] are replete1 p]haps beyond any o!rs1 ) ref9$ & (t5 lat5t adaptations1 yet x may be obs]v$ 9 g5]al ( ! modes ( repres5tation us$ by him1 t !y are preem95tly ! rev]se ( sy/ematic4 ,in/itutions or *>act]s1 :i* are 9 !mselves consi/5t1 probably ga9 by ?is me?od ( proce$+1 provid$ ! execution be n unwor?y ( ! design4 ,= x secures _! exhibition 9 m1 & m v>i$1 po9ts ( view1 ?an c possibly be cov]$ by ! m didactic process4 ,b ! possession ( ?is advantage dep5ds ^u ! fact1 t !re is 9 !m a h>mony1 :i* is _! base1 & :i* we h only to discov]4 ,:]eas1 if t h>mony be want+1 if 9 lieu ( x !re be a gr\ndwork ( fundam5tal discrepancy1 !n ! conditions ( effect are :olly *ang$4 ,! multipli$ v>iety ( view becomes a multiplication ( incongruity2 ea* new aspect (f]s a new problem3 & ! m ma/]ly ! h& ( ! arti/1 ! m ardu\s becomes ! attempt to compreh5d & pres5t 9 _! mutual be>+s ! pictures he has drawn1 & ! sugge/ions he has convey$4 ,?us x has be5 ) t :i*1 foll[+ ,g]man example1 ,i h d5om9at$ ! ,!o-my?ology ( ,hom]4 ,by t t]m x seems n improp] to designate a mixture ( !ology & my?ology1 z ^! two words are commonly und]/ood4 ,!ology ,i suppose to mean1 a sy/em deal+ ) ! k ( ,god & ! unse5 _w3 my?ology1 a sy/em conv]sant ) ! inv5tions ( man conc]n+ !m4 ,9 ! ,hom]ic poems ,i f9d bo? ( ^! l>gely display$3 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! fir/ 0 9 visible decl9e1 ! second 9 su* rapid & prolific developm5t1 t1 :ile ,hom] is und\bt$ly a witness to old] fable1 :i* _h already 9 8 "t become settl$ tradition1 he is also 9 ?is dep>tm5t himself evid5tly & l>gely a ,mak] & ,inv5tor1 & ! mat]ial ( ! ,greek my?ology comes out ( 8 h&s f> m fully m\ld$1 & f> m div]sifi$1 ?an x ent]$ !m4 ,( ! fact t ! ,hom]ic religion does n pres5t a consi/5t & homog5e\s :ole1 we h abundant evid5ce 9 ! difficulties ) :i*1 s soon z ! lit]>y age ( ,greece began1 expositors f\nd !mselves incumb]$2 & :i* drove !m sometimes ^u allegory z a res\rce1 sometimes1 z 9 ! case ( ,plato1 ^u c5sure & repudiation#a4 #a ,dll+] ,heid4 u4 ,jud4 v4 #a4 p4 #bed4 ,ext5d$ relations ( ,god to man4 ,i "k n :e!r x has be5 ow+ to our some:at n>r[ jeal\sies conc]n+ ! function ( ,holy ,scripture1 or to our want ( fai? 9 ! ext5d$ ,provid5ce ( ,god1 & ,8 manife/ations 9 ! _w1 or to ! real incongruity 9 ! evid5ce at our comm&1 or to any o!r cause1 b ! fact1 at lea/1 seems to me beyond d\bt1 t our modes ( deal+ ) ! ,hom]ic poems 9 ?is c>d9al respect h be5 em95tly unsatisfactory4 ,^? :o h f\nd 9 ,hom] ! elem5ts ( religi\s tru?1 h resort$ to ! f>-fet*$ & v extravagant supposition1 t he _h le>n$ !m f ! contempor>y ,hebrews1 or f ! law ( ,moses4 ,! m common & popul> op9ion#b has p]haps be5 "o1 :i* has put all su* elem5ts almo/ or altoge!r out ( view2 "o :i* has treat$ ! ,immortals 9 ,hom] z s _m imp]sonations ( ! p[]s ( nature1 or else magnifi$ m51 & _! social life z 9 sub/ance no m ?an z a reflection ( 8 picture ( h]oic life1 only gild$ ) embelli%m5ts1 & enl>g$ 9 scale1 9 proportion to ! sup]ior elevation ( its sph]e4 ,few1 comp>atively1 h be5 incl9$ to recognise 9 ! ,hom]ic poems ! ve/iges ( a real traditional k1 d]iv$ f ! epo* :5 ! cov5ant ( ,god ) man1 & ! promise ( a ,messiah1 _h n yet fall5 )9 ! contract$ =ms ( ,judaism = %elt]1 b ent]$ m or less into ! common consci\sness1 & =m$ a "p ( ! patrimony ( ! human race#c4 #b ,see ,heyne ad ,il4 i4 #fjc2 ,t]p/ra1 ,antiquitas ,hom]ica1 i4 #c4 ,& s late z ! ,cambridge ,essays #ahef4 p4 #adi4 #c ,see #8,hom]us1 pt4 i4' by ,ar*deacon ,williams3 #8,primitive ,tradition1' #ahdc1 by ! same2 ,ed9b4 ,rev4 ,no4 #aee1 art4 ,hom]us1 & ! ref]5ce1 p4 #ej1 to ,ces>otti's ,ragionam5to ,/orico-,critico4 ,b surely !re is no?+ improbable 9 ! supposition1 t 9 ! poems ( ,hom] su* ve/iges may be f\nd4 ,e record$ =m ( society be>s "s traces ( ^? by :i* x has be5 prec$$3 & 9 t highly primitive =m1 :i* ,hom] has be5 ! in/rum5t ( embalm+ = all po/]ity1 ! law ( g5]al reason obliges u to se>* = elem5ts & ve/iges belong+ to "o m primitive /ill4 ,&1 if we are to inquire 9 ! ,iliad & ! ,odyssey = :at belongs to antec$5t mann]s & ideas1 on :at gr\nd c x be pron\nc$ improbable1 t no "p ( ^! e>li] traditions %\ld be old en\gh to c>ry ^u !m ! m>k ( belong+ to ! religion1 :i* ! ,book ( ,g5esis repres5ts z br\ght by our fir/ p>5ts f ,p>adise1 & z deliv]$ by !m to _! imm$iate desc5dants 9 g5]al8 ,! ,hebrew ,*ronology1 consid]$ 9 connection ) ! probable date ( ,hom]1 w\ld ev5 r5d] x difficult or irrational to proce$ ^u any o!r supposition3 nor if1 z by ! ,septuag9t or o!rwise1 a l>g] p]iod is all[$ = ! gr[? ( our race1 w ! /ate ( ?is case be mat]ially alt]$4 ,= ! facts mu/ rema91 t ! =m ( society exhibit$ by ,hom] 0 itself 9 _m po9ts ess5tially patri>*al1 t x conta9s1 9 matt] n religi\s1 su*1 = in/ance1 z ! episode ( ! ,cyclops1 cle> traces ( a yet e>li] condition yet m significant ( a relation to t "n1 & t !re is no broadly m>k$ p]iod ( human exp]i5ce1 or =m ( mann]s1 :i* we c place betwe5 ! great trunk ( human hi/ory 9 ,holy ,scripture1 & ?is fam$ ,hom]ic bran*1 :i* ( all lit]>y treasures appe>s to be its elde/ born4 ,/&+ next to ! patri>*al hi/ories ( ,holy ,scripture1 :y %\ld x n be>1 h[ c x n be>1 traces ( ! religion "u :i* ! patri>*s liv$8 ,! imm5se longevity ( ! e>ly g5]ations ( mank9d 0 em95tly fav\rable to ! pres]vation ( pri/9e traditions4 ,ea* individual1 in/ead ( be+ z n[ a witness (1 or an ag5t 91 "o or two transmissions f fa!r to son1 w\ld obs]ve or %>e 9 t5 times z _m4 ,accord+ to ! ,hebrew ,*ronology1 ,lame* ! fa!r ( ,noah 0 ( mature age be=e ,adam di$3 & ,abraham 0 ( mature age be=e ,noah di$4 ,orig9al or e>ly witnesses1 rema9+ s long z /&>ds ( appeal1 w\ld evid5tly *eck ! rapidity ( ! d>k5+ & de/roy+ process4 ,let u suppose t man n[ liv$ b tw5ty ye>s1 in/ead ( f\rscore4 ,w\ld n ?is greatly quick5 ! wa/e ( anci5t traditions8 ,& is n ! conv]se also true8 ,suffici5tly prov$ f ,holy ,scripture4 ,cu/om has made x ) u second nature to take = grant$ a broad l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ^? :o live )9 ! pale ( ,revelation1 & ! residue ( mank9d4 ,b ,holy ,scripture does n appe> to recognise su* a sev]ance 9 any mann]1 until we come to ! revelation ( ! ,mosaic law1 :i* 0 l ! erection ( a tempor>y %elt] = tru?s t _h rang$ at l>ge ov] ! pla91 & t 7 app>5tly 9 dang] ( be+ totally absorb$ 9 ! mass ( human inv5tions4 ,b be=e ?is v9ey>d 0 plant$1 & likewise outside its f5ce1 !re 7 rema9s1 small] or great]1 ( ! k ( ,god2 & !re 0 a recognis$ relation betwe5 ,jehovah & mank9d1 :i* has be5 ! subject ( record f "t to "t1 & ! gr\nd ( acts involv+ ! admonition1 or p>don1 or correction1 or de/ruction1 ( individuals or communities4 ,! late/ ( ^! indications1 su* z ! visit ( ! ,wise ,m5 f ! ,ea/1 are n ! mo/ rem>kable3 because fir/ ! captivity 9 ,babylon1 & subsequ5tly ! dissem9ation ( ,jewi% gr\ps ?r\gh s _m p>ts ( ! _w1 c\ld n b lead to direct communications ( div9e k1 at lea/1 9 "s small degree4 ,f su* causes1 !re w\ld be _m a ,cornelius be=e him :o became ! fir/-fruits ( ! ,g5tiles4 ,yet ev5 ! int]e/1 :i* probably l$ to su* communications f ! ,jew1 mu/ h _h its own root 9 relics ( prior tradition1 :i* atte/$ ! common conc]n ( mank9d 9 ,him t 0 to come4 ,b 9 e>li] times1 & :5 ! ,jewi% nation 0 m conc5trat$1 & 0 c]ta9ly obscure1 ! ve/iges ( extra-patri>*al & extra-judaical relations betwe5 ,god & man are und5iable4 ,!y h be5 trac$ ) cle>ness & ability 9 a popul> treatise by ! h& ( ,bi%op ,horsley#d4 #d ,horsley's ,diss]tation on ! ,prophecies ( ! ,messiah disp]s$ among ! hea!n4 ,see also ,mr4 ,h>vey's ,obs]vations on ! ,gno/ic ,sy/em1 pp4 iii & seqq41 prefix$ to 8 ,s4 ,ir5u1 ,cambridge1 #aheg4 ,williams's ,primitive ,tradition1 p4 #i4 ,let u take1 = in/ance1 t case ( extreme wick$ness1 :i* mo/ sev]ely tries ! g5]al proposition4 ,! puni%m5t ( ,sodom & ,gomorrah = _! s9s 0 prec$$ by a decl>ation f ! ,mo/ ,high1 import+ a direct relation ) ^? guilty cities#e2 & two angels1 :o _h visit$ ,abraham on ! pla9s ( ,mamre1 #8came to ,sodom at ev54' ,ru? ! ,moabitess 0 an ance/ress1 ?r\gh k+ ,david1 ( our ,"l4 ,rahab 9 ,j]i*o1 #8by fai?1' z ! ,apo/le assures u1 ent]ta9$ ! spies ( ! ,israelites4 ,job1 liv+ 9 a c\ntry :]e ! wor%ip ( ! sun 0 practis$1 _h1 z _h 8 fri5ds1 ! k ( ! true ,god4 ,mel*iz$ek1 ! prie/ ( ,on1 ^: daught] ,joseph m>ri$1 & ,je?ro1 ! fa!r-9-law ( ,moses1 are o!r conspicu\s in/ances4 ,lat] 9 "t1 ,n9eveh1 ! great ,assyrian capital1 receiv$ ! message ( ! prophet ,jonah1 & rep5t$ at 8 prea*+4 ,"h ! tea*+ organ 0 suppli$ f among ! ,jews3 b ,balaam exhibits to u ! gift ( inspiration beyond _! b\nds4 ,once m2 _m c5turies aft] ! ,hom]ic mann]s _h disappe>$1 & dur+ ! captivity1 we f9d n only a k ( ,god1 b dreams & signs v\*saf$ to ,assyrian k+s1 & int]pret$ = !m by ! prophet ,daniel4 ,we h1 9 %ort1 m+l+ ) ! :ole c\rse ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 a /ream ( evid5ce :i* %[s ! p>tial remnants ( ! k ( ,god1 ap>t f t ma9 curr5t ( x :i* is p>ticul>ly trac$ = u 9 ! patri>*al & ,mosaic hi/ories4 ,aga91 _m c5turies aft] ,hom]1 :5 all traces ( primitive mann]s _h long vani%$1 /ill 9 ! ,prome!us ( s*ylus1 & 9 ! ,pollio ( ,virgil1 we h signs1 ?\gh ,i grant !y are fa9t ones1 t ! cele/ial rays _h n ev5 !n #8fad$ into ! light ( common day' = ! hea!n _w4 ,x w\ld really be /range1 & t 9 a high degree1 if a record l t ( ,hom]1 ) s _m resemblances to ! e>lie/ mann]s 9 o!r po9ts1 _h no l9k to connect x ) !m 9 _! mo/ vital "p4 #e ,see ,g5esis xviii4 #a1 #bj4 xx4 #a4 ,heb4 xi4 #ca4 ,! "q "o ( hi/ory4 ,! g5]al proposition1 t we may expect to f9d ! relics ( ,scriptural traditions 9 ! h]oic age ( ,greece1 ?\gh x leads1 if prov$1 to important practical results1 is indep5d5t ev5 ( a belief 9 ^? traditions1 z !y /& 9 ! s*eme ( reveal$ tru?4 ,!y mu/ be admitt$ to h be5 facts on e>?1 ev5 by ^? :o w\ld d5y !m to be facts ( heav5ly orig91 9 ! %ape 9 :i* ,*ri/5dom receives !m3 & ! "q imm$iately be=e u is "o ( pure hi/orical probability4 ,! desc5t ( mank9d f a s+le pair1 ! lapse ( t pair f orig9al righte\sness1 are ap>t f & ult]ior to x4 ,we h trac$ ! ,greek nation to a s\rce1 & along a pa? ( migration1 :i* mu/ 9 all likelihood h plac$ its ance/ry1 at "s po9t or po9ts1 9 close local relations ) ! sc5es ( ! e>lie/ ,mosaic records3 ! ret5tiv5ess ( t p equall$ its receptiv5ess1 & its close & fond association ) ! pa/ made x prone inde$ to incorporate novel matt] into its religion1 b prone also to keep x !re aft] its incorporation4 ,if su* traditions exi/$1 & if ! laws :i* guide hi/orical inquiry require or lead u to suppose t ! =efa!rs ( ! ,greeks mu/ h liv$ )9 _! circle1 !n ! burd5 ( pro( mu/ lie n s prop]ly ) ^? :o ass]t t ! traces ( !m are to be f\nd 9 ! e>lie/1 t is1 ! ,hom]ic1 =m ( ! ,greek my?ology1 z ) ^? :o d5y x4 ,:at became ( ^? old traditions8 ,!y mu/ h decay$ & disappe>$1 n by a sudd5 process1 b by a gradual accumulation ( ! corrupt accretions1 9 :i* at l5g? !y 7 s completely int]r$ z to be invisible & inaccessible4 ,"s p]iod !re=e !re mu/ h be51 at :i* !y w\ld rema9 cle>ly p]ceptible1 ?\gh 9 conjunction ) mu* corrupt matt]4 ,su* a p]iod might be made ! subject ( record1 & if su* !re 71 we might naturally expect to f9d x 9 ! olde/ kn[n "w ( ! anci5t lit]ature4 ,if ! poems ( ,hom] d1 h[ev]1 conta9 a picture1 ev5 ?\gh a defac$ picture1 ( ! primeval religi\s traditions1 x is obvi\s t !y af=d a mo/ valuable collat]al support to ! cr$it ( ! ,holy ,scripture1 consid]$ z a docum5t ( hi/ory4 ,/ill we mu/ n all[ ! desire ( ga9+ ?is advantage to bias ! m9d 9 an inquiry1 :i* c only be ( value if x is conduct$ accord+ to ! /ricte/ rules ( rational criticism4 ,inv5tion comb9$ ) tradition4 ,we may !n1 9 accordance ) ^? rules1 be prep>$ to expect t ! ,hell5ic religion w prove to h be5 9 "p con/ruct$ f traditional k4 ,! "q arises next1 ,( :at o!r mat]ials 9 addition 0 x compos$8 ,! answ] c be b "o2 ,su* mat]ials w\ld be suppli$ by inv5tion4 ,b inv5tion _c absolutely create2 x c only "w ^u :at x f9ds already provid$ to its h&4 ,! provision made 9 ?is in/ance 0 simply t ) :i* ! exp]i5ce ( man suppli$ him4 ,x 0 m$iate or imm$iate3 m$iate1 :]e ! ,greek receiv$ matt] f abroad1 & wr\ght ^u x3 imm$iate1 :]e he conceiv$ x = himself4 ,t exp]i5ce lay 9 two sph]es--! sph]e ( ext]nal nature1 & ! sph]e ( life4 ,ea* ( ^! w\ld af=d = ! purpose ! elem5ts ( ,p[]1 ,gr&eur1 ,pleasure1 ,beauty1 ,utility2 & su* w\ld be ! elem5ts suit$ to ! "w ( con/ruct+ or develop+ a sy/em t 0 to pres5t objects = 8 wor%ip4 ,we may !re=e reasonably expect to f9d 9 ! religion features ref]able to ^! two dep>tm5ts = _! orig92--fir/1 ! p[]ful =ces & attractive =ms ( outw>d nature2 secondly1 ! faculties & prop5sities ( man1 & ^? relations to 8 fell[-m51 amid/ :i* 8 lot is ca/1 & 8 "* =m$4 ,if ?is be s1 !n1 9 ! result ?us comp\nd$ out ( tradition purport+ to be reveal$1 & out ( inv5tion /rictly human1 we ought to recognise1 s long z bo? classes ( +r$i5ts are 9 effective coexi/5ce1 n /rictly a false !ology1 b a true !ology falsifi$3 a true religion1 into :i* falsehood has ent]$1 & 9 :i* x is gradually ov]lay+ & absorb+ ! orig9al tru?1 until1 :5 ! process has at l5g? rea*$ a c]ta9 po9t1 x is :olly hidd5 & borne d[n by c\nt]vail+ =ces1 s t ! sy/em has = practical purposes become a false "o1 & bo? may & %\ld be s t]m$ & treat$4 ,i admit t v diff]5t modes ( repres5t+ ! case h be5 9 vogue4 ,sometimes by ^? to :om ! int]e/ ( ,*ri/ianity is preci\s1 & sometimes 9 indiff]5ce or ho/ility to its =tunes1 x is held t ! basis ( ! ,greek my?ology is laid 9 ! deification ( ! p[]s ( nature4 ,! common assumptions h be5 su* z ! foll[+3 ,t ! />t+-po9t ( ! religion ( ! h]oic age is to be s\ght only 9 ! facts ( ! _w1 9 ! ideas & exp]i5ce ( man4 ,t nature-wor%ip1 ! deification ( elem5tal & o!r physical p[]s1 0 ! orig9al & prop] basis ( ! sy/em4 ,t ?is sy/em1 presumably self-consi/5t1 z hav+ be5 f\nd$ on a giv5 pr9ciple1 0 brok5 up by ! int]v5tion ( !ogonic revolutions4 ,t ! sy/em1 ( :i* ,jupit] 0 at ! head1 0 an imp]fect recon/ruction ( a s*eme ( div9e rule out ( ! fragm5ts ( an e>li] religion1 & t x supplant$ ! eld] gods4 ,9 %ort1 ! ,greek my?ology is repres5t$ z a corrupt edition1 n ( orig9al reveal$ religion1 b ( a ,nature-wor%ip :i*1 z x seems to be assum$1 0 sep>at$ by a gulf nev] measur$1 & nev] pass$1 f ! primitive religi\s traditions ( our race4 ,fur!r x seems to be held1 t ! faults & imp]fections ( ! pagan religion h _! root only 9 a radical inability ( ! human m9d to produce pure deity2 t !y d n repres5t ! depravation ( an anci5t & div9e gift1 b r ! simple failure ( man 9 a "w ( inv5tion4 ,inde$1 we ne$ n wond] t x %\ld fail 9 a process :i*1 critically consid]$1 c mean little else ?an m]e exagg]ation ( itself & f its own exp]i5ce#f1 & :i* mu/ be s apt to become positive c>icature4 #f ,see ,ngelsba*1 ,hom]is*e ,!ologie1 i4 #a4 ii4 #a4 ,also 7if ,i und]/& x rightly71 ,dll+]'s ,heid5?um und ,jud5?um1 ii4 #a4 4 #a4 p4 #ed4 ,! basis 0 n 9 ,nature-wor%ip4 ,aga91 ,dean ,prideaux1 9 8 ,connection ( ,sacr$ & ,pr(ane ,hi/ory1 gives ! foll[+ g5esis ( ! ,greek my?ology4 ,f ! beg9n+1 he says1 !re 0 a g5]al notion among m51 f\nd$ on a s5se t !y 7 impure1 ( ! necessity ( a m$iator ) ,god4 ,!re be+ no m$iator cle>ly reveal$1 man *ose m$iators = himself1 & took ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 z high intellig5ces well fitt$ = ! purpose4 ,h5ce we f9d ,saturn1 ,jupit]1 ,m>s1 ,apollo1 ,m]cury1 ,v5us1 & ,diana1 to be fir/ rank$ 9 ! poly!ism ( ! anci5ts3 = !y 7 _! fir/ gods#g4 #g ,prideaux1 i4 #c4 vol4 i4 p4 #aih4 ,?is !ory is n 9 correspond5ce ) ! facts ( ! h]oic age4 ,!re is no s5se :atev] ( an impurity disabl+ m5 f access to ,god2 no cle> or g5]al op9ion ( ! necessity ( m$iation2 no glimpse ev5 ( a god sup]ior to ,jupit] & ! re/ ) :om !y 7 on behalf ( man to m$iate4 ,&1 aga91 ! op9ion1 t ! orig9 ( ! religion lay 9 ,nature-wor%ip1 has _h ! support bo? ( high & also ( rec5t au?orities4 ,! em95t & le>n$ ,dr4 ,dll+]1 9 8 #8,heid5?um und ,jud5?um1' says1 t ! deification ( ,nature1 its =ces1 or ! p>ticul> objects x (f]$ to ! s5ses1 con/itut$ ! gr\ndwork ( ! ,greek1 z well z ( ! o!r hea!n religions4 ,! idea ( ,god cont9u$ to be p[]ful ev5 :5 x _h be5 d>k5$1 & ! godhead 0 felt z pres5t1 & active ev]y:]e 9 ! physical ord]4 ,9 work+ out 8 g5]al rule = ea* my?ological deity 9 p>ticul>1 ?is au?or conceives ! orig9al =m ( _! exi/5ce to h be5 t ( a ,nature-p[]1 ev5 :]e ! ve/iges ( su* a conception h1 "u subsequ5t h&l+1 become fa9t or imp]ceptible4 ,?us ,juno1 ,m9]va1 ,latona1 ,diana1 & o!rs 9 succession1 are ref]r$ to su* an orig9#h4 #h ,heid5?um und ,jud5?um1 b4 ii4 sect4 #a1 #b4 pp4 #ed-ha4 ,n[ 9 deal+ ) ?is hypo!sis1 ,i w\ld ask1 :at !n has become ( ! old ,!i/ic & ,messianic traditions8 & h[ has x happ5$ !y h be5 amputat$ by a process s viol5t z to make !m to leave1 ev5 :ile ! /ate ( society cont9u$ /ill primitive1 no trace beh9d !m8 ,b fur!r4 ,i w\ld urge ) confid5ce t ! ample picture ( ! religion ( ! h]oic ages1 z we h x 9 ,hom]1 :i* is /rictly = ?is purpose 9 ! nature ( a fact1 _c be made to h>monize ) ! hypo!sis :i* ref]s x to su* a s\rce4 ,! pro( ( ?is /atem5t mu/ dep5d ma9ly on ! exam9ation :i* we h to in/itute 9 detail3 b ,i am anxi\s at once to br+ x into view1 & to ref] briefly to "s ( ! gr\nds on :i* x re/s1 because x is susceptible ( demon/ration by evid5ce z contradi/+ui%$ f !ory4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ,i proce$ f>!r1 evid5ce & !ory mu/ ( necessity be mix$ up toge!r2 & diss5t f a p>ticul> mode ( trac+ out ! association betwe5 ! traditional & inv5tive elem5ts ( ! sy/em might unaw>es betray ! read] into ! conclusion1 t no su* di/9ct traditional elem5ts 7 to be f\nd1 b t all1 or ne>ly all1 0 pure fable4 ,i say1 !n1 !re is mu* 9 ! !o-my?ology ( ,hom]1 :i*1 if x _h be5 a sy/em f\nd$ 9 fable1 c\ld n h appe>$ !re4 ,x /&s be=e u l "o ( our old *ur*es1 hav+ diff]5t p>ts ( its fabric 9 ! diff]5t /yles ( ar*itecture1 ea* ( :i* speaks = itself1 & :i* we "k to belong to ! sev]al epo*s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! art1 :5 _! *>act]i/ic comb9ations 7 respectively 9 vogue4 ,nor is ! sy/em f inv5tion only4 ,:ile on ! "o h& x has deities1 su* z ,latona1 )\t any attributes at all1 on ! o!r h&1 we f9d 9 x bo? gods & goddesses1 ) an assemblage ( su* attributes & functions z h no common l9k by :i* inv5tion c\ld h fa/5$ !m toge!r4 ,!y are su*1 likewise1 z to br+ ab\t cross divisions & cross purposes1 t ! ,greek =ce ( imag9ation1 & ! ,greek love ( symmetry1 w\ld h alike es*ew$4 ,h[ c\ld inv5tion h set up ,pallas z ! goddess at once ( peace & its indu/ries1 ( wisdom1 & ( w>8 ,its object w\ld cle>ly h be5 to imp]sonate attributes2 & to associate ev5 di/9ct1 mu* less conflict+ attributes1 9 ! same deity1 w\ld h be5 simply to confuse !m4 ,h[ aga9 c\ld x h comb9$ 9 ,apollo1 :o likewise turns ! c\rses ( riv]s by 8 might1 ! (fices ( de/ruction1 music1 poetry1 prophecy1 ar*]y1 & m$ic9e8 ,aga91 if he is ! god ( m$ic9e1 :y h we ,paieon8 if ( poetry1 :y h we ! ,muses8 ,if ,m9]va be 7z %e is7 goddess ( w>1 :y h we ,m>s8 if ( ! "w ( ! ,artific]1 :y h we also ,vulcan8 if ( prud5ce & sagacity1 & ev5 craft#i1 :y ,m]cury8 #i ,il4 xxii4 #bdg4 ,& aga91 ! !ory is1 t ! *ief p]sonages ( ! my?ology are repres5tatives ( ! great p[]s ( ! physical univ]se4 ,i ask1 !re=e1 h[ x happ5s t 9 ! ,hom]ic1 or1 z we may call x1 primitive =m ( ! sy/em1 ^! great p[]s ( ! univ]se are = ! mo/ "p v indi/9ctly & p>tially p]sonifi$1 :]eas we see 9 vivid life & con/ant movem5t ano!r set ( figures1 hav+ ei!r an obscure or p>tial relation1 or no relation at all1 to ^? p[]s8 ,su* a /ate ( ! evid5ce surely /rikes at ! v root ( ! hypo!sis we are consid]+3 b x is ! /ate ( ! evid5ce :i* we actually f9d be=e u4 ,take = in/ance ,"t1 ,ocean1 ,e>?1 ,sun1 ,moon1 ,/>s1 ,air2 all ^! prime natural objects & ag5ts are ei!r n p]sonifi$ at all 9 ,hom]1 or s indi/9ctly & mutely p]sonifi$ t !y are ! m]e zoophytes ( 8 sup]natural _w1 ( :i* ! gorge\s life & brilliant movem5t are su/a9$ by a sep>ate set ( *>act]s4 ,( ^! m effective ag5ts1 "s are su* z x is impossible rationally to set d[n = m]e imp]sonations ( ideas2 :ile o!rs are pla9ly con/itut$ z lords ov]1 & n be+s d]ivative f1 ^? p[]s or prov9ces ( nature1 ) :i* !y are plac$ 9 special relations4 ,x _c = in/ance rationally be said t ! ,hom]ic ,jupit] is a m]e imp]sonation ( ! air :i* he rules1 or ! ,hom]ic ,neptune ( ! sea1 or ! ,hom]ic ,aidoneus 7or ,aides7 ( ! ne!r _w4 ,= to ! fir/ ( ^! ?ree1 _m functions are assign$ hav+ no connection ) ! air4 ,z = example1 :5 he gives swiftness ( foot to neas on ,m\nt ,ida1 t he might escape ! pursuit ( ,a*illes#aj4 ,9 ! case ( ! second1 !re is a rival figure1 namely1 ,n]eus1 :o nev] t we "k ( leaves ! sea1 :o is ! fa!r ( ! ,sea-nymphs1 & :o evid5tly fulfils ! conditions ( ,sea imp]sonat$ f> bett] ?an does ,neptune2 ,neptune1 :o m>*$ ^u ! battle-field 9 ,troas1 & :o1 ) ,apollo1 _h himself built ! walls ( ,ilium4 ,besides all ?is1 ! sea1 to :i* ,neptune belongs1 is itself n "o ( ! great elem5tal p[]s ( ! univ]se1 b is d]iv$1 l riv]s1 spr+s1 & wells1 f ,fa!r ,ocean1 :o fe>s inde$ ! ?und]bolt ( ,jupit]1 b is n b\nd to att5dance ev5 9 ! great *apt] ( ,olympus#aa4 ,z to ,aidoneus1 he c h>dly imp]sonate ! ne!r _w1 because 9 ,hom] he does n repres5t or gov]n x1 b only has to d ) t portion ( x1 :i* is inhabit$ by ! s\ls ( dep>t$ m54 ,=1 z f> b5ea? 8 realm z ,e>? is b5ea? ,heav51 lies ! d>k ,t>t>us ( ,hom]1 peopl$ ) & 8 ,titans4 ,nor1 on ! o!r h&1 d we "k t ! ,elysian fields ( ! ,we/ 7 subject to 8 sway4 ,! elem5tal p[]s are 9 ,hom]1 ?\gh n altoge!r1 yet almo/ altoge!r1 extr9sic to 8 gr& ,olympian sy/em4 #aj ,il4 xx4 #ib4 #aa ,il4 xxi4 #aie-i4 xx4 #g4 ,)\t1 !n1 anticipat+ ?is or t p>ticul> result f ! inquiry into ! mode & proportions 9 :i* traditional & inv5tive elem5ts are comb9$ 9 ! poems ( ,hom]1 x may safely be d5i$ t 8 picture ( ! sup]natural _w c\ld h be5 drawn by means ( mat]ials exclusively suppli$ by inv5tion f ! s\rces ( nature & exp]i5ce4 ,traditive orig9 ( ,sacrifice4 ,& inde$ !re is "o p>ticul> ) respect to :i* ! admission w be g5]ally made1 t ! ,greek my?ological sy/em /ood indebt$ at lea/ to a primitive tradition1 if n to a direct comm&2 ,i mean ! in/itution ( sacrifice4 ,?is c h>dly be suppos$ to h be5 an orig9al conception 9 e c\ntry2 & x di/9ctly po9ts u to "o common s\rce4 ,sacrifice 01 accord+ to ,dr4 ,dll+]#ab1 an inh]itance :i* desc5d$ to ! ,greeks f ! pri/9e "t be=e ! division ( ! nations4 ,)\t d\bt ! transmission ( ritual1 dep5d+ ^u outw>d action1 is m easy ?an t ( ideas4 ,b ! fact t !re 0 a transmission ( some?+ proves t !re 0 a *annel = x1 op5 & cont9u\s3 & ! circum/ances might be su* z to all[ ( ! passage ( ideas1 toge!r ) in/itutions1 along x4 #ab ,heid4 u4 ,jud4 iv4 #e4 p4 #bjb4 ,x _c be necess>y to argue on ! o!r side 9 any detail 9 ord] to %[1 t = mu* ( 8 sup]natural ma*9]y1 ,hom] 0 indebt$ to inv5tion1 :e!r 8 own or t ( g5]ations1 or nations1 :i* _h prec$$ him4 ,_h 8 sy/em be5 "o purely traditional 9 its basis1 _h x only brok5 into _m rays ! integral light ( "o ,god1 x w\ld h pres5t$ to u no su* deity z ,juno1 :o is :olly )\t prototype1 ei!r ab/ract or p]sonal1 9 ! primitive sy/em1 & no su* m]e reflections ( human passions z are ,m>s & ,v5us3 n to speak ( ^? l>ge additions1 :i* we are to consid] z belong+ n s mu* to ! basis & g5]al outl9e ( ! sy/em1 z to ! lat] /ages ( its developm5t4 ,let u n[ endeav\r to inquire :at m5tal1 moral1 & physical influ5ces w\ld be likely1 9 e>ly times1 to give =m & direction to t alt]ative process1 :i* ! primitive ideas ( religion1 :5 remov$ beyond ! prec9ct ( ,revelation & ! k ( ! ,sacr$ ,records1 _h to und]go4 ,?is law ( decl9e we may exam9e1 fir/ ideally1 accord+ to ! influ5ces likely to op]ate on ! c\rse ( ?\ght ) respect to religion3 & !n ) ref]5ce to t :i* is specifically ,greek1 by sket*+ 9 outl9e ! actual mode ( h&l+ ! mat]ial at comm&1 :i* result$ 9 ! creation ( ! ,hom]ic or ,olympian sy/em4 ,! fir/ belongs to ! metaphysical g5esis ( ! sy/em3 ! second to its hi/orical =mation4 ,t5d5cy ( primitive religion to decay4 ,s long z ei!r ! ,sacr$ ,records1 or ! ,light :i* suppli$ !m1 rema9$ )9 rea*1 !re 7 specific means ei!r 9 op]ation1 or at lea/ accessible1 :i*1 z f> z _! range ext5d$1 w\ld s]ve to *eck error1 :e!r ( practice or speculation1 & to cle> up unc]ta9ty1 z ! sundial v]ifies or corrects ! wat*4 ,b ! /ream d>k5$ m & m1 z x got f>!r f ! s\rce4 ,! ,pagan religion c\ld boa/ ( its unbrok5 traditions2 l "s =ms ( ,*ri/ianity1 & l ! gov]nm5t ( ,france until #aghi4 ,b its un9t]rupt$ c\rse 0 really an un9t]rupt$ ab]ration f ! l9e ( tru?2 & to boa/ ( ! ev5ness ( its motion 0 9 effect to boa/ ( ! deadness ( ! consci5ce ( mank9d1 :i* _h n virtue en\gh ev5 to di/urb progressive deg5]acy by occasional reproa*4 ,9 lat] times1 ! ,pagan sy/em _h its ?ree aspects3 x 0 "o ?+ = ! populace1 ano!r = /atesm51 & a ?ird = philosoph]s4 ,b 9 ,hom]'s "t x _h suff]$ no criticism & no analysis3 ! human self-consci\sness 0 sc>cely awak5$2 introspection _h n begun its "w4 ,imag9ation & affection cont9ually ex]cis$ _! luxuriant en]gies 9 enl>g+ & develop+ ! sy/em ( pret]natural be+ & action4 ,h[ev] copi\sly ! elem5t ( fiction1 nay1 ( falsehood1 ent]$ into x1 yet = ! masses ( mank9d x 0 /ill subjectively true#ac4 #ac ,grote1 ,hi/4 ,greece1 vol4 i4 p4 #dfg4 ,all 0 =w>d movem5t4 ,man _h n1 z x 71 _h "t to ask himself1 is ?is a lie8 or ev51 :i!r does x t5d8 ,8 s\l1 9 ^? days ( infancy1 nev] que/ion$1 always believ$4 ,logical inconsi/5cy1 ev5 moral solecism1 did n repel x1 nor slack5 ! ard\r ( its en]gies 9 ! "w ( con/ruction3 con/ruction ( art1 con/ruction ( mann]s1 con/ruction ( polity1 con/ruction ( religion4 ,?is is :at we see1 9 gl[+ heat1 ?r\gh\t ! poems ( ,hom]1 & x is p]haps ! ma/] key to _! highe/ int]e/4 ,!y %[ u1 9 ! prov9ce we are n[ consid]+1 h]oes e>n+ _! title to ! ,olympian life1 mute nature ev]y:]e adju/+ h]self to ! s*eme ( sup]natural imp]sonations1 & religion alli$ to ! human imag9ation1 z closely z x 0 aft]w>ds by ,mahomet w$d$ to ! sword4 ,ev]y:]e we see t :i* is prop]ly call$ my?1 9 ! process ( =mation4 ,e>ly my?ology is ! simple result ( ! work+ ( ! human m9d1 9 a _s ( belief or ( cr$ulity1 ^u ! mat]ial (f]$ to x by prior tradition1 by ! physical univ]se1 by ! op]ations ( ! m9d1 & by ! exp]i5ce ( life4 ,we may1 z foll[s1 accompany ! vici\s s]ies ?r\gh :i* ?\ght might probably be l$1 ) respect to ! !ory ( religion4 ,if we beg9 ) ! true & pure idea ( ,god1 x is ! idea ( a ,be+ inf9ite 9 p[] & intellig5ce1 & ?\gh p]fectly good1 yet good by an un*angeable int]nal det]m9ation ( "*1 & n by ! con/ra9t ( an ext]nal law4 ,su* 0 ! />t+-po9t1 f :i* ! human m9d _h to run its c>e] ( religi\s belief or speculation4 ,b ! ma9t5ance subjectively ( ! orig9al =m ( ! image 9 its cle>ness dep5d$1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! condition ( ! obs]v+ organ2 & t organ1 aga91 dep5d$ = its heal? on ! heal?9ess ( ! be+ to :om x belong$4 ,h5ce we mu/ look into ! nature ( man1 9 ord] to "k :at man w\ld ?9k respect+ ! nature ( ,god4 ,d[nw>d c\rse ( ! idea ( ,god4 ,n[ man1 ! prey ( vici\s passions1 ?\gh he holds deeply root$ )9 himself ! witness to an extr9sic & objective law ( goodness1 :i* he ne$s 9 ord] to develop :at he has ( capacity = good1 & to br+ into subjection ! c\nt]act+ & rebelli\s elem5ts1 is nev]!less prevail+ly "u ! influ5ce ( ^! la/4 ,h5ce1 9 ! abs5ce ( special & ,div9e provision = ! rem$y ( 8 inw>d disease1 al?\gh bo? consci5ce & also ! disp5sations ( ,provid5ce %ad[ =? to him a law ( goodness f )\t1 yet ! s5se ( any int]nal law ( goodness 9 himself becomes1 ) ! lapse ( "t1 m & m dim & ineffectual4 ,?us1 z he reflects back ^u 8 own image conceptions ( ! ,deity1 ! picture t he draws fir/ fails 9 t1 :]e9 he himself is weake/4 ,n[1 ! p]ception ( m]e p[] dep5ds ^u intellect & s5se3 & z nei!r intellect nor s5se h receiv$ ?r\gh s9 ! same absolutely mortal w\nd :i* has rea*$ 8 spiritual be+1 he c !re=e /ill compreh5d ) cle>ness ! idea & ! uses ( p[]1 bo? m5tal & physical4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,godhead is = him pret]naturally end[$ ) intellig5ce & =ce4 ,b h[ 0 he to keep alive f 8 own res\rces ! moral elem5ts ( ! div9e ideal8 ,co]cive goodness1 goodness by an ext]nal law1 goodness dep5d5t ^u responsibility1 01 by ! nature ( ! case1 inapplicable to ,deity z su*3 :ile ( goodness by an int]nal law1 he _h lo/ all cle> conception1 & he c\ld n give :at he _h n got4 ,( c\rse x is n meant1 t ?is 0 a consci\s op]ation4 ,r>ely inde$1 9 reflective & critical p]iods1 does x happ5 t man c keep a log-book ( w9d1 wea!r1 & progress1 = ! m9d1 or tell f :at qu>t] ( ! heav5s h proce$$ ! gales t impel x on its c\rse4 ,b1 by ?is real ?\gh unconsci\s process1 goodness w\ld soon disappe> f 8 conception ( ! ,godhead1 :ile high p[] & intellig5ce might rema94 ,& h5ce x is n /range1 if we f9d t ,hom]'s deities1 possess$ ( p[] beyond _! faculty ( moral direction1 are = ! mo/ "p1 :5 view$ 9 ! sph]e ( _! p]sonal conduct1 on a l[] level ?an 8 h]oes4 ,:5 !re=e ^! latt] *>ge1 z is n unfrequ5t ) !m1 ^u ! gods ! consequ5ces1 & ev5 9 a degree ! facts1 ( _! own fault or folly1 ! proce$+ is n s entirely illogical z we might at fir/ suppose4 ,= t great conception ( an all-good & all-wise ,be+ _h und]gone a mis]able transmutation1 br++ x m & m t[>ds ! =m ( an evil p[]4 ,h5ce1 p]haps1 x is t we f9d ^! reproa*es to ! ,deity put into ! m\? ev5 ( ,m5elaus1 "o ( ! noble/ & pure/ *>act]s among ! h]oes ( ,hom]#ad4 #ad ,il4 iii4 #cfe1 & xiii4 #fca-e4 ,aga91 ?is degradation ( ! div9e idea 0 ess5tially connect$ ) ! p>cell+ x out into _m portions1 accord+ to ! sy/em ( poly!ism4 ,t sy/em at once br\ght d[n all ! attributes f _! supreme p]fection to scales ( degree3 e/abli%$ f9ite & imp]fect relations 9 lieu ( ! p]fect & inf9ite3 c>ri$ into ! atmosph]e ( heav5 an e>?y elem5t4 ,! dis9tegration ( ! ,unity ( ,god prep>$ ! way = ! dis9tegration ( ,8 sev]al attributes1 & especially = weak5+ & effac+ ^? among !m1 :i* man _h *iefly lo/ 8 capacity to grasp4 ,:5 once we h sub/itut$ = ! absolute t :i* is 9 degree1 & = ! p]fect t :i* is defective1 we h br\ght ! div9e elem5t )9 ! cognizance ( ! human3 ! b>ri] ( sep>ation is brok5 d[n1 &1 )\t any consci\sness ( undue lic5se1 we !nce=w>d ins5sibly fa%ion x z we please4 ,ea* corruption1 z x takes its place 9 ! s*eme ( popul> ideas1 is consolidat$ by ! action ( new =ces1 ov] & above ^? :i*1 ev5 if alone1 7 suffici5t to eng5d] x3 = ! classes1 :o work$ ! ma*9]y bo? ( prie/ly ca/e1 & ( civil gov]nm5t1 f\nd _! acc\nt 9 accumulat+ fable up to a m\nta9 mass4 ,ea* new addition f\nd a welcome3 b woe to him1 :o1 by %ak+ ! popul> p]suasion ( any "o article1 endang]$ ! v f\ndations ( ! :ole4 ,su* is an outl9e1 ?\gh a fa9t & rude "o1 ( :at may be call$ ! rationale1 or ! law ( cause & effect1 applicable to ! explanation ( ! progressive &1 at l5g?1 total corruption ( ! primitive religion4 ,inducem5ts to ,nature-wor%ip4 ,we may also endeav\r to trace ! motives :i* might det]m9e ! d[nw>d movem5t ( ! human m9d 9 ! direction1 p>tially or :olly accord+ to circum/ances1 ( :at is call$ ,nature-wor%ip4 ,on ! "o side lay ! proposition h&$ d[n f ! beg9n+--!re is a ,god4 ,on ! o!r side arose ! "q--:]e is ,he8 ,x 0 felt t on ! :ole ,he 0 n 9 man1 ?\gh !re 0 9 man :at 0 ( ,him4 ,x 0 obvi\s to look = ,him 9 ! mighty ag5cies1 & 9 ! sublime objects ( ,nature1 :i*1 ?\gh 7s ?\ght might run17 !y did n reveal ,him entirely1 yet disclos$ no?+ t 0 n wor?y to belong to ,him4 ,"h is a g]m ( ,nature-wor%ip4 ,h5ce x is t we f9d ,ari/otle1 at a p]iod :5 ?\ght 0 alike acute1 delib]ate1 & ref9$1 decl>e x to be beyond all d\bt t ! heav5ly bodies are f> m div9e ?an man#ae4 #ae 1 1 4 ,e?4 ,nicom4 ,,vi4 vii4 #d4 ,n[ ?is g]m c\ld n be "o only4 ,tra9s ( ?\ght & reason+1 ess5tially alike1 w\ld1 accord+ to div]sities ( m9ds & circum/ances1 lead "o to place ! ,god 9 "o natural sph]e or ag5cy1 & ano!r to place him 9 ano!r4 ,!re 0 no comm&+ pr9ciple ei!r to conf9e or to reconcile ^! v>iations2 ?us ! same cause1 :i* br\ght deity into natural objects1 w\ld also t5d to exhibit _m gods in/ead ( "o4 ,su* 0 ! pa? by :i* man might travel f ,!ism to ,nature-wor%ip4 ,b o!r pa?s1 />t+ f o!r po9ts1 w\ld lead to ! same issue4 ,suppose n[ ! case ( ! m9d :olly )\t ! tradition ( a ,god4 ,to su* a m9d1 ! va/ & ov]ma/]+ b usually regulat$ =ces1 & ! beautiful & noble =ms ( nature1 w\ld ( !mselves sugge/ ! idea ( a sup]ior ag5cy2 yet1 aga91 n ( "o sup]ior ag5t alone1 b ( _m4 ,?us "s m5 w\ld build upw>ds1 :ile o!rs1 s to speak1 7 build+ d[nw>ds1 & !y w\ld meet on ! way4 ,&1 aga91 a ?ird op]ation c\ld n b assi/ ^! two =m]1 & comb9e ) _! results4 ,= ! unaid$ intellect ( man seems n to h _h /am9a to c>ry1 z x 71 ! weight ( ! transc5d5t idea ( "o ,god1 ( ,god inf9ite 9 might1 9 wisdom1 & 9 love4 ,aga91 x 0 awful z well z pond]\s2 because x 0 s remote f man1 & f 8 actual /ate4 ,he !re=e light5$ ! idea1 z x 71 by divid+ x f "o into _m2 & he br\ght x ne>] to himself1 ne>] to 8 sympa?ies1 by humaniz+ its =m & attributes4 ,by ?is process he 9 "t de/roy$ inde$ 8 rev]5ce1 b he also beguil$ 8 fe>s1 & creat$ = himself objects n ( dread1 s mu* z ( famili> association4 ,yet once aga92 x may1 ,i ?9k1 be %[n t a k9d ( natural necessity l$ man to d5om9ate actual p[]s1 :i* he saw & felt ab\t him1 n ?r\gh ! m$ium ( g5]alization by ab/ract names1 b by mak+ !m p]sons4 ,?us easy1 & almo/ inevitable1 "u m5tal laws1 0 ! road to ,nature-wor%ip4 ,! pa?1 t l$ into ! deep] corruption ( ,passion-wor%ip1 has be5 already trac$4 ,progressive det]ioration4 ,x is !n 9 entire accordance ) :at has prec$$1 t1 :5 ! ,pagan sy/em has come into its old age1 we %\ld f9d x s :olly depriv$ ( all ! l9eam5ts ( orig9al beauty1 gr&eur1 & goodness1 t we c read ! de/ructive philosophy & poetry ( ! a!i/ic s*ools1 & ( ,lucretius 9 p>ticul>1 )\t ! /rong s5tim5t ( horror1 :i* 9 !mselves !y are fitt$ to excite4 ,milton1 9 ! ,fir/ ,book ( ,p>adise ,lo/1 treats ! ,pagan gods z be+1 "u new names1 s _m ( ! fall5 angels1 :o ) ,satan _h rebell$1 & ) him _h be5 driv5 out f heav51 s t ! _w ( hea!n f ! fir/ _h simply #8devils to adore = deities4' ,:e!r ?is s5tim5t be poetically w>rantable or n1 7& = my own "p ,i _c b ?9k x 0 "o too mu* connect$ ) a cold & l[]$ =m ( ,*ri/ian doctr9e17 x is n hi/orically s\nd4 ,we %\ld di/+ui% broadly betwe5 ?is ass]tion1 t ! ,pagan religion 0 an orig9al falsehood1 & ! decl>ation ( ,/4 ,paul1 #8,i say t ! ?+s :i* ! ,g5tiles sacrifice1 !y sacrifice to devils1 & n to ,god#af4' ,to ! same class z ! words ( ! ,apo/le1 belong1 z ,i conceive1 ^! 7& o!r7 s5t5ces ( ,sa9t ,augu/9e#ag2 non sunt dii1 maligni sunt spiritus1 quibus t]na tua felicitas pna e/4444 ,pro9de si ad beatam p]v5ire desid]as civitatem1 devita dmonum societatem4 ,= ^! t]rible descriptions apply n to ! infancy1 b to ! decrepitude ( ,paganism4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !m 0 z ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! babe 9 arms1 & ! ho>y s9n] on ! ?re%old ( dea?3 & :ile ! "o repres5tation summ>ily cuts man (f f ,god1 ! o!r only %[s to h[ fe>ful a di/ance he _h by degrees travell$ away4 ,z "t w5t on1 & ! eidola ( succe$+ g5]ations 7 heap$ "o ^u ano!r1 ! truly !i/ic elem5t 9 ! ,pagan my?ology 0 m & m hidd5 & ov]borne1 until at l5g? its association ) evil 0 s invet]ate & ?or\gh1 t ! images1 :i* ! citiz5 or matron ( ! ,roman empire _h be=e ! m9d z ^? ( gods1 bore no appreciable resemblance to _! div9e orig9al1 b m & m amply correspond$ ) t d>k side ( our nature1 on :i* we are accessible to1 & f9ally may assume ! lik5ess (1 ! evil "o4 #af #a ,cor4 x4 #bj4 #ag ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 ii4 #bi4 ,b ! critical error t we seem to h committ$ may be ?us describ$2 we h ?r[n back ^u ! ,hom]ic p]iod ! moral & my?ological "* ( ! sy/em1 su* z we f9d x develop$ 9 lat] ,greece & ,rome3 =getful ( ! long & dim int]val1 t sep>ates ,hom]ic religion f almo/ e subsequ5t repres5tation1 & n duly appreciat+ ! title ( ! poems to speak ) an almo/ exclusive au?ority = _! own insulat$ epo*4 ,paganism 9 its decay4 ,fur!r1 x is reasonable to rememb] t "s ( ! p[]ful alt]atives1 :i* 9 subsequ5t ages told ^u ! =m & sub/ance ( ?is wond]ful my?ology1 _h n begun to act 9 ! "t ( ,hom]4 ,^! alt]atives 7 speculative ?\ght1 & political int]e/s4 ,philosophy1 ev] dang]\s to ! popul> religion ( ,greece 9 ! days ( its maturity & prosp]ity1 became its ally 9 ! p]iod ( its decl9e1 :5 its orig9al vitality _h entirely ebb$ away1 & :5 ! ,vexilla ,regis1 rais$ al(t ?r\gh\t ! ,roman empire1 drove x to seek refuge 9 holes & corn]s4 ,!n ! wit ( man 0 set to repair ! tott]+ fabric2 to apologize = :at 0 pr(ligate1 to inv5t reasons = :at 0 void ( mean+1 to frame relations betwe5 ! deprav$ my?ology1 & ! moral gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,ev5 t corrupt & wick$ sy/em _h1 z x 71 its epo* ( dea?-b$ rep5tance4 ,! s]vices ?us r5d]$ by philosoph]s 7 late & ineffectual2 b x 0 ! civil p[]1 :i* _h be5 all along ! greate/ cons]vator ( ! classical my?ology4 ,x felt itself to h an int]e/ 9 surr\nd+ public au?ority ) a v5]ation great] ?an ?is _w c\ld supply3 a comm&+ int]e/1 ) ! pursuit ( :i* its necessities =bade x to disp5se4 ,:atev] ex]cis$ an influ5ce 9 subdu+ & en?rall+ ! popul> m9d1 answ]$ its purpose 9 ! view ( ! civil magi/rate4 ,h5ce 8 multif>i\s importations into religion1 ea* successively introduc$ = ?is purely subjective & temporal reason1 remov$ x f>!r & f>!r f ! gr\nd ( tru?4 ,e /ory t he add$ to ! edifice made its fall m c]ta9 & m t]rible4 ,num]osa p>abat excels turris tabulata4 ,b 9 ,hom]'s "t !re is no trace ( ?is employm5t ( religion by gov]nm5ts1 z a means ( %e] imposition ^u _! subjects4 ,s likewise 9 ,hom] !re is no sign t consci\s speculation on ^! subjects _h begun4 ,inde$1 ( t k9d ( ?\ght :i* involves a cle> m5tal self-consci\sness1 we may p]haps say1 t ! fir/ beg9n+1 at lea/ = ,europe & ! ,we/1 is m>k$ by ! v curi\s simile 9 ! ,iliad#ah-- #ah ,il4 xv4 #hj4 ' ' 444 ,hom]1 !n1 spoke out 9 simplicity1 & 9 good fai?1 ! religion ( 8 day1 "u ^? =ms ( poetry ) :i* all religions h a well-gr\nd$ aff9ity3 = ! imag9ation1 :i* is ! f\nta9-head ( poetic =ms1 is likewise a g5u9e1 ?\gh fa9t1 picture1 ( t _w :i* religion realizes1 ?r\gh ,fai? its gr\ndwork1 #8! sub/ance ( ?+s hop$ =1 ! evid5ce ( ?+s n se5#ai4' #ai ,heb4 xi4 #a4 ,&1 inde$1 he _h no o!r =m 9 :i* to speak =? 8 s\l4 ,t :i* we call ! inv5tion ( ! ,greeks at "w ^u ! subject-matt] ( religion 01 9 fact1 ! voice ( human nature1 giv+ expression 9 ! easie/ & simple/ mann] to its s5se ( ! great objects & p[]s amid/ :i* its lot 0 ca/4 ,x has be5 well said by ,pr(essor ,m4 ,mll]1 9 an able ,essay#bj on #8,comp>ative ,my?ology1' t #8ab/ract spee* is m difficult1 ?an ! fulness ( a poet's sympa?y ) nature4' ,?us x 0 n s mu* t poetry usurp$ ! (fice ( religion1 z t _! respective functions br\ght !m ( necessity to a common gr\nd & a common =m ( proce$+4 ,hom] saw1 he>d1 or felt ! action ( ! sun1 ! moon1 ! />s1 ! atmosph]e1 ! w9ds1 ! sea1 ! riv]s1 ! f\nta9s1 ! soil2 & he knew ( family affections1 ( gov]n+ p[]s1 ( a heal+ art1 ( a gift & skill ( me*anical con/ruction4 ,action1 9 ea* ( ^! dep>tm5ts1 c\ld n b be ref]r$ to a p[]4 ,h[ 0 t p[] to be express$8 #bj ,ox=d ,essays1 #ahef1 p4 #cf4 ,on ,imp]sonation 9 ,hom]4 ,at lea/ = ! ,greek m9d1 less subtle1 z ,ari/otle has obs]v$1 ?an ! ,ori5tal1 x 0 m natural to deal ) p]sons1 ?an ) metaphysical ab/ractions4 ,x 0 =eign to ! m5tal habit ( ! h]oic age to conceive ( ab/ract ess5ces2 z x /ill rema9s difficult1 m difficult p]haps ?an1 9 ! loos5ess ( our m5tal processes1 we suppose1 = ! m5 ( our own g5]ation4 ,ev5 n[1 9 ! old age ( ! _w1 we h _m signs ( ?is natural difficulty1 :i* =m]ly 0 a k9d ( impossibility4 ,especially we h t "o :i* leads all communities1 & above all _! lea/ in/ruct$ classes1 to apply ! p]sonal pron\ns he or %e to a va/ multitude ( inanimate objects1 bo? natural1 & ! products ( human skill & lab\r4 ,^! objects are g5]ally su* z /& 9 a c]ta9 relation to action3 !y ei!r d1 suff]1 or conta94 ,if !n ! ,nature-=ces c\ld n be express$1 or at lea/ c\ld n be und]/ood z ab/ractions1 to express !m z p]sons 0 ! only o!r c\rse op5 to ! poet4 ,x 0 n an ef=t to foll[ ?is me?od3 x w\ld h requir$ great ef=t to adopt any o!r4 ,h[ spontane\s 0 ! impulse :i* ?us g5]at$ ! my?ological sy/em1 we may obs]ve f ?is1 t x n only p]sonifi$ 9 cases :]e1 an ag5cy be+ se51 its f\nta9 0 conceal$ f view1 b x likewise w5t v f> t[>ds p]sonification ev5 9 cases :]e inanimate in/rum5ts 7 wield$ by human be+s1 & :]e1 z ! s\rce ( ! ph5om5on 0 p]ceiv$1 !re 0 no occasion to clo! x ) a sep>ate vitality4 ,h5ce t copi\s vivify+ p[] :i* ,hom] has p\r$ l a flood ?r\gh 8 v]se4 ,h5ce 8 bitt] arr[ 771 8 d>ts hungry = human blood 7 71 8 gr\nd laugh+ 9 ! blaze ( ! gleam+ arm\r 7 74 ,h5ce aga9 8 free use ( s5sible imag]y to illu/rate metaphysical ideas3 = example1 8 black cl\d ( grief1 8 black pa9s1 8 purple dea?#ba4 ,h5ce t s+ul>ly beautiful passage on ! weep+ ( ! dea?less horses ( ,a*illes = ,patroclus#bb4 ,h5ce too x is1 t he does n scruple to c>ry imag]y1 drawn f ! sph]e ( "o s5se1 into ! doma9 ( ano!r1 an op]ation :i* lat] poets h f\nd s difficult & haz>d\s4 ,he has an iron d9#bc1 a braz5 voice#bd1 a braz5 or iron heav5#be1 a h[l+ or %\t+ fire1 a blaze ( lam5tation#bf4 ,h5ce1 by a sy/em ( figure bold] p]haps ?an has be5 us$ by any o!r poet1 he inve/s ! works ( high art 9 metal ) ! attributes ( life & motion4 ,?is d>+ sy/em rea*es its climax 9 ! damsel satellites#bg ( gold1 t support ! limp+ gait ( ,vulcan3 9 ! dogs ( metal1 t gu>d ! palace ( ,alc9\s3 9 ! ela/ic arms ( ,a*illes1 :i*1 s f> f be+ a weight ^u him1 !mselves lift him f ! gr\nd3 & 9 ! animat$ %ips ( ! ,phacians1 :i* are taught by in/9ct to spe$ across ! sea1 & to pilot _! own c\rse to ! po9ts ( _! de/9ation#bh4 ,on e side we see a r$undance ( life1 %ap+1 & ev5 =c+1 = itself new *annels3 & ?us x becomes m easy = u to conceive ! important tru? t1 :5 he imp]sonates1 he simply takes :at 0 = him ! easie/ & ! mo/ effective way to describe4 ,e :]e he is c>ry+ on a d\ble process ( action & reaction3 on ! "o h& br++ ,deity d[n to s5sible =ms2 on ! o!r1 adorn+ & elevat+ humanity1 & inanimate nature1 ) e div9e end[m5t4 #ba ,il4 v4 #hc4 xvii4 #eia4 xviii4 #b1 #d4 #bb ,il4 xvii4 #dbf-dj4 #bc ,il4 xvii4 #dbd4 #bd ,il4 xviii4 #bbb3 m /rictly1 a voice ( bronze4 #be ,il4 xv4 #cbh4 xvii4 #dbe1 #efe4 #bf ,od4 xx4 #cec4 #bg ,il4 xviii4 #dag4 ,= ! ,%ield1 notice xviii4 #eci1 #eii-fjb4 xix4 #chf4 #bh ,od4 viii4 #eef4 ,nature ( ! my?s ( ,hom]4 ,hom]1 !n1 is full ( my?ical matt]4 ,b ! ^w my?1 ( :i* 9 rec5t controv]sies ! use has be5 s frequ5t1 is capable ( be+ view$ "u ei!r ( two pr9cipal aspects4 ,9 "o ( ^!1 x signifies a /ory :i* is n contempor>y ) ! date ( ! facts x purports to relate1 b is 9 reality an aft]-view ( !m1 :i* col\rs its subject1 & exagg]ates1 ad libitum1 accord+ to conditions ( ?\ght & feel+ :i* h aris5 9 ! int]val4 ,9 ! o!r ( ^! s5ses1 x is an allegory :i* has simply lo/ its c\nt]p>t3 x 0 true1 b by sep>ation f t :i* atta*$ x to fact1 x has become untrue3 be+ n[ ( necessity h&l$1 if h&l$ at all1 z a sub/antive exi/5ce1 x has pass$ into a fable1 & is only di/+ui%$ f pure fable1 9 t x once indicat$ tru?s contempor>y ) itself1 ?\gh probably tru?s ly+ 9 a diff]5t region f its own4 ,x is 9 ?is la/ s5se t ! t]m my? is *iefly1 & mo/ legitimately1 applicable to ! religi\s sy/em ( ! ,hom]ic poems3 b !y may also probably conta9 m or less ( ! my?ical elem5t 9 ! =m] s5se4 ,we1 hav+ obta9$ k ( ! e>ly d]ivation & di/ribution ( mank9d1 & ( ! primitive religion1 f s\rces o!r ?an ^? op5 to ,hom]1 %all f9d 9 ?is k ! lo/ c\nt]p>t ( a great portion ( ! ,hom]ic my?s4 ,! !ological & ,messianic traditions :i* we f9d record$ 9 ,scripture1 :5 comp>$ ) ! ,hom]ic !ogony1 w be f\nd to correspond ) a l>ge & important "p ( x3 &1 moreov]1 ) a "p ( x :i* 9 ! poems !mselves c>ries a clu/] ( di/9ctive m>ks1 n to be expla9$ except by ! discov]y ( ?is correspond5ce4 ,! evid5ce1 !re=e1 ( ! mean+ ( ?is "p ( ! ,hom]ic sy/em is l t :i* is obta9$1 :51 ^u apply+ a new key to "s lock t we h be5 unable to op51 we f9d x fits ! w>ds1 & puts back ! bolt4 ,9 8 le>n$ & acute ,essay#bi on ,comp>ative ,my?ology1 ,pr(essor ,max ,mll] und]takes to illu/rate a doctr9e t appe>s to be ! exact opposite ( ,mr4 ,grote's #8,pa/ :i* 0 nev] pres5t4' ,if ,i und]/& him rightly1 !re 0 at "s "o "t a pres5t = e portion ( ! reput$ pa/#cj3 s t1 by a ref]5ce to ea/]n s\rces1 ! nature ( t pres5t1 & ( ! orig9al consi/5t mean+ = :at aft]w>ds on becom+ un9telligible is ju/ly call$ a my?1 has 9 _m cases be51 & may yet 9 _m m come to be1 unveil$4 ,orig9ally imp]sonations ( ideas & natural p[]s1 ! hea!n gods nev] repres5t$ demons or evil spirits#ca1 & 7 #8masks )\t an actor1' #8names )\t be+3' :ile _! reality1 consi/+ 9 _! relation to ! facts ( ! univ]se1 fad$ & escap$ f p]ception 9 ! c\rse ( "t4 ,! my?s ( ! ,v$a are /ill 9 ! /age ( gr[?3 ,hesiod & ,hom] too are ( ! #8lat] ,greeks1' & n only ! ,!ogony ( ,hesiod is #8a di/ort$ c>icature1' b ! poetry ( ,hom]#cb is ext5sively f\nd$ on my?s fully gr[n1 & 9 ! /age ( decay1 t is to say1 long sev]$ f _! correspond+ deities4 #bi ,ox=d ,essays1 #ahef4 #cj ,essays1 p4 #db4 #ca ,ibid4 p4 #dh4 #cb pp4 #dc1 #dg1 #di1 #ee1 #hg4 ,i d n d\bt t 9 all my?ology at its orig91 !re has be5 bo? a %ell & a sub/ance3 & t ! t5d5cy ( ! two to "p company1 :i* we see ev5 "u ! sway ( reveal$ religion1 mu/ h op]at$ ) f> m p[]1 :]e ord9>ily at lea/1 man 0 ?r[n back1 )\t o!r aid1 ^u 8 reason & 8 consci5ce1 beset z !y 7 & are ) ov]p[]+ foes4 ,b !n1 z x seems to me1 we mu/ anticipate great *anges 9 ! %ell itself4 ,x w n reta91 :5 empty1 ! id5tity ( ! =m2 :i* has lo/ ! support t x _h f )9 :5 full4 ,on ! contr>y1 x w become unlike its orig9al self1 z well z unlike its ar*etype or sub/ance1 s t probably mu* ( x mu/ always rema9 )\t a key4 ,^u ! o!r h&1 z !re 0 already a true religion 9 ! _w :5 an untrue "o began to ga!r ^u & incru/ x1 !re mu/ arise ! "q already put2 :at1 accord+ to ! !ory be=e u1 became ( ?is true religion8 ,x did n disappe> 9 a day3 !re 0 no wilful r5unciation ( x by s+le or specific acts1 no %>p l9e drawn betwe5 x & ! false2 b ! human elem5t 0 gradually m & m import$ into ! div9e1 op]at+ by cont9ual & successive dis9tegrations ( ! orig9al ideas4 ,if s1 !n !re seems to be no?+ unreasonable 9 ! belief t ! traces ( !m might long rema9 disc]nible 9 ! adult]at$ sy/em1 ev5 if only z ! features ( a man are disc]nible 9 ! mask ( a buffoon4 ,no d\bt x w\ld be unreasonable to look = su* traces 9 ,hom]1 if he 7 inde$1 9 ! popul> s5se ( ! t]m1 :i* probably ,pr(essor ,m4 ,mll] does n int5d1 a lat] ,greek2 a ,greek deal+ ) a my?ological sy/em ( :i* 8 nation _h already _h its use1 f :i* ! creative pr9ciple _h dep>t$1 & :i* 0 on ! road f rip5ess to decay4 ,i am f> f say+ t !re are no my?s 9 ,hom]1 :]e ! orig9al & int]ior mean+ has ceas$ to be disc]nible3 b ,i %all seek to %[ t ! contr>y may be confid5tly av]r$1 & fully %[n1 ) respect to ! great bulk ( 8 my?ology1 & t we see 9 him two sy/ems1 bo? alive1 & 9 impact & friction1 ?\gh ) v unequal =ces1 "o ^u ! o!r2 ! fir/1 t ( traditional tru?1 & ! second1 ( ! inv5tive imp]sonation ( nature bo? mat]ial & invisible4 ,& c]ta9ly x is v /rik+ t1 ) "o or two v insignificant exceptions1 all ^? anci5t fables1 :i* ,pr(essor ,mll] treats z hav+ become un9telligible )\t ! key ( ! ,v$a1 & :i* he expla9s by means ( x1 are fables unkn[n to ,hom]1 & drawn f mu* lat] s\rces4 ,/eps ( ! d[nw>d process4 ,! g5]al view1 !n1 :i* w be giv5 9 ^! pages ( ! ,hom]ic ,!o-my?ology is z foll[s3 ,t its basis is n to be f\nd ei!r 9 any m]e human in/9ct gradually build+ x up f ! gr\nd1 or 9 ! already =m$ sy/em ( any o!r nation ( antiquity2 b t its true po9t ( orig9 lies 9 ! anci5t ,!i/ic & ,messianic traditions1 :i* we "k to h subsi/$ among ! patri>*s1 & :i* _! k9 & contempor>ies mu/ h c>ri$ ) !m z !y disp]s$1 al?\gh _! orig9al w>m? & vitality c\ld n b fall into a c\rse ( gradual efflux1 ) ! gradually wid5+ di/ance f _! s\rce4 ,to travel beyond ! rea* ( ! rays proce$+ f t s\rce 0 to make ! fir/ decisive /ep f religion to my?ology4 ,to ?is div9e tradition1 !n1 7 add$1 9 rank abundance1 elem5ts ( m]ely human fabrication1 :i*1 :ile intrud+ !mselves1 c\ld n b also extrude ! high] & prior p>ts ( religion4 ,b ! div9e tradition1 z x 0 div9e1 w\ld n admit ( ! accumulation ( human mat]ials until x _h itself be5 alt]$4 ,ev5 be=e m5 c\ld add1 x 0 necess>y t !y %\ld take away4 ,?is impair+ & ab/raction ( elem5ts f ! div9e tradition may be call$ dis9tegration4 ,be=e ! "t ( ,hom]1 x _h already wr\ght great havock4 ,its fir/ /eps1 z f> z ! g5esis ( ! my?ology ?r[s light ^u !m1 w\ld appe> to h be5 z foll[s3 objectively1 a fundam5tal corruption ( ! idea ( ,god2 :o1 in/ead ( an ,omnipot5t wisdom & hol9ess1 n[ 9 ! ma9 repres5t$ on a l>ge scale1 9 p]sonal "*1 ! union ( appetite & p[]2 subjectively1 ! prim>y idea ( religion 0 :olly lo/4 ,adam1 says ,"l ,bacon1 0 n cont5t ) univ]sal ob$i5ce to ! ,div9e ,w z 8 rule ( action1 b w\ld h ano!r /&>d4 ,?is (f5ce1 ?\gh n exagg]at$ into ! hide\sness ( human depravity 9 its lat] =ms1 is repres5t$ )\t mitigation 9 ! pr9ciples ( action curr5t 9 ! h]oic age4 ,human life1 z x is !re exhibit$1 has mu* 9 x t is noble & admirable2 b n[h]e is x a life ( simple ob$i5ce to ,god4 ,?is dis9tegration ( primitive traditions =ms ! second /age1 a negative "o1 9 ! process :i* produc$ ! ,hom]ic ,!o-my?ology4 ,:5 ! div9e idea1 & also ! idea ( ! relation betwe5 man & 8 ,mak]1 _h once be5 fundam5tally *ang$1 !re 0 n[ room = ! introduction )\t limit ( :at 0 m]ely human into religion4 ,in/ead ( man's be+ =m$ 9 ! image ( ,god1 ,god 0 =m$ 9 ! image ( man4 ,! anci5t traditions 7 made ea* to assume a sep>ate individual =m2 & ^! %apes 7 fa%ion$ by magnify+ & modify+ processes f ! patt]n t human nature af=d$4 ,aga91 z man does n exi/ alone & individually1 b 9 ! family1 s ! nexus ( ! family 0 introduc$ z ! basis ( a div9e ord]4 ,?is we may call1 re/+ on ! etymology ( ! ^w1 ! div9e conomy ( ! ,hom]ic religion4 ,b z ) man1 s ) ! sup]natural _w1 on :i* 8 own g5ius 0 n[ p[]fully reflect$1 families !mselves1 :5 multipli$1 requir$ a political ord]2 & !re=e1 among ! gods also a ,/ate & gov]nm5t are =m$1 a div9e polity4 ,human c>e1 by a /range inv]sion1 makes p>5tal provision = ! good gov]nm5t ( ^? deities :om x has call$ into be+4 ,! propagation1 = :i* a physical provision 0 made among m51 takes place )9 ! my?ological circle also1 "u ! laws ( 8 intellig5t nature4 ,! ranks ( ! ,immortals are fill$ ) p]sons metaphysically eng5d]$4 ,^! p]sons !y repres5t concrete =ms giv5 to ab/ract ideas1 or1 to /ate ne>ly ! same ?+ 9 o!r words1 p]sonal modes ( exi/5ce assign$ to p[]s :i* man saw z x 7 alive & at "w 9 ! univ]se1 physical or intellig5t1 ar\nd him4 ,b "h too a di/9ction is to be obs]v$4 ,sometimes ! deity 0 set above ! natural p[]1 z its gov]nor & controll]3 sometimes he m]ely signifi$ ! p[] itself put 9 action4 ,! =m] mode commonly po9ts to tradition2 ! latt] always to inv5tion4 ,& la/ly1 :5 a sup]natural or ord] _h ?us be5 con/ruct$1 ! pr9ciples ( aff9ity betwe5 x & ! ord] "h bel[ ex]cis$ a reciprocally attractive =ce4 ,! gods 7 m & m humaniz$1 man 0 m & m inve/$ ) deity3 deity 0 made *eap & common among m51 & ! int]val f e>? to heav5 0 bridg$ ov] by v>i\s means4 ,^! means 7 pr9cipally2 fir/1 ! translation ( m5 into ! company ( ! immortals2 secondly1 ! introduction ( int]m$iate races2 &1 ?irdly & mo/ ( all1 ! deification ( h]oes4 ,subord9ate to ?is g5]al view1 !re arises ano!r "q3 h[ are we to subdivide ! inv5tive p>ts ( ! ,hom]ic my?ology8 ,:at g5]al /atem5ts c be prop\nd$1 or crit]ia suppli$1 to %[ h[ mu* ,greece fabricat$ or m\ld$ = h]self1 & :at %e ow$ to ,egypt1 or to ,phnicia1 or to o!r l&s 9 ! ,ea/1 ^: traditions %e _h ei!r inh]it$ or receiv$8 ,s\rces ( ! inv5tive portions4 ,a deep obscurity hangs ov] ?is subject4 ,we d n "k all t 0 conta9$ 9 ea* ( ! v>i\s religions ( ! ,ea/ at any "o epo*1 mu* less at all ! p]iods )9 :i* !y may h contribut$ mat]ials to ! gorge\s fabric ( ,hom]4 ,_m ?+s 7 probably common to sev]al ( !m3 & :]e ?is 0 s1 circum/antial evid5ce _c avail = det]m9+ ! s\rce at :i* ! ,poet or 8 nation borr[$4 ,b sev]al propositions may be laid d[n1 :i* w t5d t[>ds describ+ ! pa? ( our inquiry4 ,fir/1 ! acc\nts :i*1 transmitt$ by ,h]odotus1 repres5t ,egypt z ! f\nta9-head ( ! ,greek religion 9 its mass1 are n su/a9$ by ! evid5ce ( ,hom]4 ,& ev5 ) respect to _m po9ts :]e ! nucleus ( ! ,greek sy/em has some?+ correspond+ ) x 9 ! ,egyptian1 x nei!r foll[s t x 0 orig9ally drawn f ,egypt by ! ,greeks1 nor t ^? f :om ! ,greeks receiv$ x _h obta9$ x !re4 ,yet !re rema9s room = v important communications1 su*1 = example1 z ! oracle ( ,dodona1 or ! wor%ip ( ,m9]va1 :i* may be an hi/oric tok5 ( an ,egyptian colony at ,a!ns4 ,secondly1 ! correspond5ces betwe5 ! ,hom]ic sy/em & ! ,ea/]n religions1 z we "k !m1 are commonly lat5t1 r ?an broad or palpable4 ,?is may1 9 "p1 be ow+ to ! circum/ance t our acc\nts ( ^! religions are 9 great "p s mu* lat] ?an ,hom]2 & a great] resemblance1 ?an is n[ to be trac$1 may h subsi/$ 9 8 "t4 ,orig9ality ( ! ,olympian sy/em4 ,b1 ?irdly1 ! diff]5ces are n diff]5ces ( detail or degree4 ,a diff]5t _s p]vades ! ,hom]ic cre$ & wor%ip1 f t :i* we f9d 9 ,egyptian1 or ,m$ian1 or ,p]sian sy/ems4 ,"o has grovell+ animalism1 ano!r has metaphysical aspirations1 t we d n f9d 9 ! ,greek3 b ?is is n all4 ,if ! ,hom]ic s*eme is capable ( be+ describ$1 z to its inv5tive "p1 by any "o epi!t1 x w be ?is1 t x is int5sely human4 ,i d n speak ( ! lat] my?ology2 nor ( ,hesiod1 ^: ,!ogony s m>vell\sly spoils :at x sy/ematizes2 b ( ,hom]1 9 :om ! ideal ,olympus atta9$ its p]fection at a /roke4 ,9 8 pret]natural !re is1 z f> z ,i c see1 mu* m ( :at is truly ,div9e1 mu* m ( ! residue ( primeval tradition1 ?an we c f9d collect$ else:]e3 b !re is also mu* m ( :at is human4 ,! moral =m is corrupt3 b ,i am n[ also speak+ ( x z a "w ( human g5ius1 & c]ta9ly z "o ( ! mo/ wond]ful & spl5did ( its products4 ,! deep sympa?y ) ,nature1 ! ref9$ p]ception ( beauty1 ! fre$om1 ! buoyancy1 ! ela/ic movem5t ( e figure on ! sc5e1 ! intimate s5se ( association betwe5 ! d5iz5s ( ,olympus & ! g5]ations ( mortal m51 ! impos+ developm5t ( a ,polity on high1 ! vivid nationality t rivet$ its hold on ,greece1 ! ri*ness & inexhau/ible div]sity ( ^? embelli%m5ts :i* a vigor\s fancy kn[s h[ to provide1 comb9e to make good ! title ,i h ass]t$1 &1 if we are to believe t ,hom]1 9 no small "p1 made :at he describ$1 mu/ place 8 %>e 9 ! =mation ( ! sy/em 9 ! v =emo/ rank ev5 ( 8 a*ievem5ts4 ,at any rate1 ?is "o ?+1 ,i ?9k1 is cle>2 t :atev] ,greece borr[$ f ! ,ea/1 %e fairly made h] own4 ,all 0 ?r[n into ! crucible2 all came out aga9 f ! fire reca/1 9 su* comb9ations1 & clo!d 9 su* =ms & hues1 z ! specific exig5cies ( ! ,greek m9d requir$4 ,h5ce we mu/ bew>e ( all precipitate id5tifications4 ,we mu/ take good he$1 = example1 n to assume1 t because ,a!ne may be ,nei? by meta!sis1 !re=e ! features ( ! ,hom]ic ,pallas 7 really ga!r$ toge!r 9 ! ,egyptian prototype ( h] "n#cc4 ,! /rong h& ( a transmut+ fancy & intellig5ce pass$ z a prelim9>y condition ^u ev]y?+ =eign1 n only to modify1 b probably also to resolve into p>ts1 & !n to recon/ruct4 ,s t ! pret]natural sy/em ( ,hom] is1 above all o!rs1 bo? national & orig9al1 & has1 by its own vital en]gies1 help$ to ma9ta9 ^? *>act]i/ics ev5 9 ! det]iorat$ copies :i* 7 made f x by s _m aft]-g5]ations4 #cc ,buns5's #8,egypt's ,place 9 ,univ]sal ,hi/ory1' b4 ,i4 s4 vi4 ,a4 ,,sect4 ,,ii4 ,! traditive ,elem5t ( ! ,hom]ic ,!o-my?ology4 ,! e>lie/ ,scriptural n>rative pres5ts to our view1 ) consid]able di/9ctness1 ?ree ma9 objects4 ,^! are1 respectively1 ,god1 ! ,r$eem]1 & ! ,evil ,"o4 ,nor d we pass ev5 ?r\gh ! ,book ( ,g5esis )\t f9d+1 t x %ad[s =? "s my/]i\s comb9ation ( ,unity ) ,tr9ity 9 ! ,div9e ,nature4 ,f ! g5]al expectation :i* prevail$ 9 ! ,ea/ at ! p]iod ( ! ,adv5t1 & f ! prophecies collect$ & c>efully pres]v$ 9 ,rome "u ! "n ( ! ,sibyll9e books1 we are at once l$ to presume1 t ! k ( ! e>ly promise ( a ,deliv]] _h n be5 conf9$ to ! ,jewi% nation4 ,_! exclusive "*1 & t ( _! religion2 _! small significance 9 ! political sy/em & intellectual movem5t ( ! _w2 & ! false z well z imp]fect notions :i* seem to h prevail$ else:]e respect+ !m & _! law#cd2 all make x highly improbable t ^! expectations & pr$ictions %\ld h be5 drawn f !m & _! sacr$ books exclusively4 ,fur!r1 ,holy ,scripture di/9ctly exhibits to u ! exi/5ce ( *annels ( traditional k sev]$ f !irs4 ,?us mu* we le>n p>ticul>ly f ! cases ( ,job1 :o 0 a prophet & s]vant ( ,god1 ?\gh he liv$ 9 a c\ntry :]e idolatry 0 practis$#ce2 & ( ,balaam1 :o1 n be+ an ,israelite1 nor an upright man1 0 nev]!less a prophet also4 ,our ,"l1 9 8 answ] respect+ ,god z ! ,god ( ,abraham#cf1 po9ts to a great article ( belief1 n expressly prop\nd$ 9 ! ,mosaic books4 ,& aga91 !re are traditions adopt$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t by apo/olic au?ority1 :i* prove to u t !re 7 "s fragm5ts at lea/ ( e>ly tradition rema9+1 ev5 at a late date1 among ! ,jews !mselves1 ov] & above :at _h be5 committ$ to writ+ 9 ! old] ,scriptures4 ,su* are ^? giv5 by ,/4 ,jude respect+ ,balaam himself1 ! body ( ,moses1 & ! prophecy ( ,eno*#cg4 ,su* is ! record m5tion$ by ,/4 ,paul#ch ( ,jannes & ,jambres1 :o are believ$ to h be5 ! *ief magicians ( ,ph>aoh1 ref]r$ to 9 ,exodus1 c4 vii3 & ^: names are m5tion$ by ,pl9y1 &1 accord+ to ,eusebius1 by ,num5ius ! ,philosoph]#ci4 ,b x is n necess>y1 & x might n be safe1 to make any l>ge assumption respect+ a traditional k ( any p>ts ( e>ly revelation beyond :at ,scripture actually conta9s4 #cd ,see = example1 9 ! ,apocrypha1 ,e/h] xiii4 #a-g4 #ce ,horsley's ,diss]tation1 p4 #fi4 #cf ,/4 ,matt4 xxii4 #cb4 #cg ,/4 ,jude1 v]4 #i1 #aa1 #ad4 #ch #b ,tim4 iii4 #h4 #ci ,pl94 ,h4 ,n4 xxx4 #a4 ,euseb4 ,prp4 ,ev4 ix4 #h4 ,:itby1 9 loc4 ,dwell+ !re=e on :at may be ga!r$ f ! ,sacr$ ,volume1 we h se5 t at ! v e>lie/ date x has set be=e m5 ! ideas ( ,god1 ! ,r$eem]1 & ! ,evil ,"o1 & t x has spok5 conc]n+ ,god z 9 "s s5se ,?ree 9 ,"o4 ,:5 we take ! :ole ( ! old] ,sacr$ ,records into view1 we may add "s p>ticul>s respect+ ! o!r two great objects4 ,messianic traditions ( ,scripture4 ,& fir/1 z to ! ,deliv]] ( man4 ,! ,r$eem] promis$ 0 to be human1 = ,he 0 to be ( human bir?4 ,z dea? 0 ! type ( ! primeval curse1 s x 0 f dea? t ,he 0 to deliv]4 ,aga91 ! woman became a portion ( ! prophecy1 = ,he 0 to be ! se$ ( ! woman3 & :ile ,he is ?us pla9ly indicat$ to u z inc>nate1 ,he is1 on ! o!r h&1 my/]i\sly id5tifi$ ) ! 1 ! ,div9e ,^w or ,wisdom1 exi/+ be=e ! _w & ! race ) :i* ,he 0 to be numb]$1 & inve/$ ) ! attributes ( supreme ,deity4 ,al?\gh f a c]ta9 p]iod ! ,wisdom & ! ,deliv]] appe> to /& visibly id5tifi$1 yet ! e>lie/ =ms ( ! traditions1 z !y /& 9 ,holy ,writ1 are1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ideally sep>ate or sep>able2 & ! p]sonality ( ! =m] is less cle>ly1 or at lea/ less %>ply1 m>k$ ?an t ( ! latt]4 ,x 0 always ! prevail+ t5d5cy ( ! speculative religions ( ! ,ea/ to )draw ! ,supreme ,be+ f direct relations ) ! _w1 & to assign its ord9>y gov]nm5t to ! ,wisdom1 m or less directly imp]sonat$4 #8,?is1' says ,dean ,milman1 #80 ! doctr9e f ! ,ganges1 or ev5 ! %ores ( ! ,yell[ ,sea1 to ! ,ilissus3 x 0 ! fundam5tal pr9ciple ( ! ,indian religion & ,indian philosophy2 x 0 ! basis ( ,zoroa/rianism3 x 0 pure ,platonism3 x 0 ! ,platonic ,judaism ( ! ,alex&rian ,s*ool#dj4' #dj ,milman's ,hi/4 ( ,*ri/ianity1 vol4 i4 p4 #gb4 ,nei!r 7 ! traditions ( ! ,evil ,"o1 m ?an ^? respect+ ! ,messiah1 limit$ to a s+le aspect4 ,on ! contr>y1 !y 7 tw(old1 & !y c5tr$ r\nd two ideas3 ! "o1 t ( =ce2 ! o!r t ( fraud3 ! "o1 t ( a rebelli\s _s1 :om ! ,almighty _h ca/ d[n1 ) 8 abettors1 f bliss to torm5t#da2 & ! o!r1 t ( a deceiv]1 :o lur$ man by ! promise ( :at he desir$1 & ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 own free w1 away f duty1 to 8 own h>m or de/ruction4 #da ,calmet's ,dict41 art4 ,satan4 #b ,pet4 ii4 #d4 ,/4 ,jude1 v]4 #f4 ,sum ( ! primitive traditions4 ,we may v5ture rudely to sum up ^! pr9cipal traditions ( ! fir/ ages z foll[s3 ,fir/1 ) respect to ! ,deity4 #a4 ,! ,unity & supremacy ( ! ,godhead4 #b4 ,a comb9ation ) ?is ,unity ( a ,tr9ity1 9 :i* ,tr9ity ! sev]al ,p]sons1 9 :atev] way _! p]sonality be und]/ood1 & :atev] di/9ctions may obta9 betwe5 !m1 are 9 "s way ( coequal hon\r4 ,secondly1 ) respect to ! ,r$eem]1 or ,messiah4 #a4 ,a ,r$eem] f ! curse ( dea?1 inve/$ ) full humanity1 by :om ! div9e k+dom 0 to be v9dicat$ & ree/abli%$1 9 despite ( its enemies4 #b4 ,a ,wisdom1 :i* is p]sonal z well z div9e1 ! highe/ & fir/ 9 ord]1 conc]n$ 9 ! f\ndation & cont9u+ gov]nm5t ( ! _w#db4 ,?is is ! ,wisdom :i* #8! ,"l possess$ f ev]la/+1 f ! beg9n+1 or ev] ! e>? 0#dc4' #8,i ,wisdom dwell ) prud5ce2 & f9d out k ( witty inv5tions#dd4' #8,?is is ) all fle% accord+ to 8 gift3 & he ha? giv5 h] to !m t love him#de4' #db ,prov]bs i4 #bj-cc4 #dc ,prov]bs iii4 #ai4 #dd ,see ,prov]bs viii4 passim4 #de ,ecclus4 i4 #h-aj4 iv4 #aa-ai1 et alibi4 ,see also ,wisdom ( ,solomon1 i4 #f4 vi4 #ab1 & seqq4 vii4-x4 passim4 #c4 ,! connection ( ! ,r$eem] ) our race ?r\gh 8 desc5t f ! woman4 ,?irdly1 ) respect to ! ,evil ,"o4 #a4 ,a rebellion ( great angels or p[]s aga9/ ! ,supreme ,be+2 ! defeat ( ! rebels1 & _! be+ ca/ into ! abyss4 #b4 ,! go+ =? among m5 ( a p[] :o tempts !m to _! de/ruction4 ,a tradition ( m9or mom5t1 b cle>ly decl>$ 9 ! e>lie/ ,scripture1 may be add$3 namely1 ,! ann\ncem5t ( ! ra9b[1 z a tok5 :i* 0 to convey an assurance or cov5ant f ,god to man1 ) respect to ! annual ord] ( nature2 an ord] on :i* ! cont9uance ( ! human race dep5ds4 ,x is impossible to survey ^! traditions1 9 _! outl9e1 )\t see+ h[ easy x 0 to f9d a way f !m1 by ! aid ( ideas on :i* !y seem$ to bord]1 & :i* !y br\ght )9 easy rea* ( wayw>d ?\ght1 t[>ds ! pr9cipal corruptions ( hea!nism4 ,!y %ad[ =?1 z !y /&1 ! great dogmas ( ! ,tr9ity & ! ,inc>nation3 b f ! doctr9e ( ! ,tr9ity1 ?us %ad[$ =?1 ! next /ep might be into poly!ism2 :ile 9 ! doctr9e ( ! ,inc>nation1 simil>ly project$1 seem$ to be laid ! f\ndation ( ! ,greek an?ropomorphism1 or ! reflection ( humanity ^u ! sup]natural _w4 ,ab/ract tru? has n be5 f\nd suffici5t to su/a9 itself among mank9d3 & 9 ! disp5sations ( ! ,all-,wise ! promulgation ( x has always be5 associat$ ) ! e/abli%m5t ( a tea*+ organ1 :i* %\ld be> liv+ witness to its au?ority4 ,let u n[ obs]ve h[ ^! traditions sev]ally f9d _! imp]fect & d]ang$ c\nt]p>ts 9 ! h]oic age ( ,greece4 ,fir/1 z to ! ,godhead4 ,its unity & supremacy is repres5t$ 9 ,jupit]1 z ! adm9i/rator ( sov]eign p[]4 ,! comb9ation ( ,tr9ity ) ,unity is reproduc$ 9 ! ?ree ,kronid bro!rs1 ,jupit]1 ,neptune1 ,pluto or ,aidoneus2 all born ( ! same p>5ts1 & hav+ diff]5t regions ( ! mat]ial creation sev]ally assign$ to !m by lot4 ,next z to ! ,r$eem]4 ,! fir/ =m ( ?is tradition is repres5t$ *iefly 9 ,apollo4 ,b nei!r ! v>i\s attributes :i* 7 conceiv$ z belong+ to ! ,deliv]]1 nor ! tw(old manife/ation ( 8 "* z x appe>s 9 ,holy ,writ1 c\ld1 we mu/ conclude1 be held 9 comb9ation by ! hea!n m9d4 ,! "*1 !re=e1 und]w5t a m>k$ dis9tegration by sev]ance into di/9ct p>ts3 & :ile x cont9ues1 9 ! ma91 to =m ! gr\ndwork ( ! ,hom]ic ,apollo1 c]ta9 ( its qualities are app>5tly transf]r$ to 8 si/] ,diana1 & o!rs ( !m are1 z x 71 repeat$ 9 h]4 ,! second =m ( ! tradition is t ( ! ,wisdom1 or 1 ( ! ,gospel ( ,sa9t ,john2 & ?is appe>s to be repres5t$ 9 ! sublime ,m9]va ( ! ,hom]ic sy/em4 ,la/ly1 ,latona1 ! "m ( ! tw9 deities1 ,apollo & ,diana1 appe>s to repres5t ! tradition ( ! woman1 f :om ! ,deliv]] 0 to desc5d4 ,?irdly1 ) respect to ! ,evil ,"o4 ,z ! d]ivative idea ( s9 dep5d$ ^u t ( goodness1 & z ! %ad[ ceases to be visible :5 ! object %ad[$ has become m dim1 we might well expect t ! contraction & obscuration ( ! true idea ( goodness w\ld br+ ab\t a m ?an proportionate loss ( k conc]n+ ! true nature ( evil4 ,! imp]sonation ( evil c\ld only be upheld 9 a lively or effectual mann]1 z ! opposite ( ! imp]sonation ( good3 & :5 ! moral /&>d ( godhead _h s greatly deg5]at$1 z we f9d to be ! case ev5 9 ! works ( ,hom]1 ! negation ( t /&>d c\ld n b cease to be ei!r int]e/+ or intelligible4 ,traditions ( ! ,evil ,"o 9 ,hom]4 ,accord+ly we f9d t ! process ( dis9tegration1 foll[$ by t ( arbitr>y reassortm5t & comb9ation ( elem5ts1 _h proce$$ to a m advanc$ /age ) respect to ! tradition ( ! ,evil ,"o1 ?an 9 ! o!r cases4 ,! g5]al =m ( ! dis9tegration is ?is3 t ! idea ( a rebellion1 m5ac+ ! div9e dom9ion ) viol5ce1 is n[ clo!d 9 a v>iety ( deta*$ & m or less conflict+ =ms3 :ile ! f> m subtle idea ( an influ5ce act+ imm$iately on ! _s ( man1 & aim+ a bl[ at ! glory ( ! ,deity ?r\gh 8 creatures1 ^: allegiance x seeks by ! p]v]sion ( _! own spontane\s ag5cy to )draw1 rema9s 9 ,hom]1 /ill inde$ bo? visible & s+le1 b enfeebl$ & obscur$ to su* a degree1 t x1 z x 71 /&s on tiptoe1 ready = its f9al flight f ! sph]e ( ! common p]ceptions ( mank9d4 ,! fir/1 ! idea ( evil act+ by viol5ce1 is repres5t$1 n inde$ exclusively1 b mo/ conspicu\sly1 9 ! ,titans & ,giants4 ,! second1 or ! idea ( evil act+ by deceit1 is repres5t$ 9 ! ( ,hom]4 ,la/ly3 ! ra9b[ ( ,holy ,scripture is repres5t$ 9 ! ,hom]ic ,iris4 ,^!1 !n1 speak+ g5]ally1 are ! pr9cipal remnants f primitive traditions1 ( :i*1 if ( any ?+ ( ! k9d1 we may expect to f9d ! ve/iges )9 ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 ,v>y+ degrees ( ! traditive "*4 ,9 ord] to ?r[ a full] light ^u ! subject1 ,i %all *iefly exam9e ! *>act]s ( ! ,hom]ic deities1 & ( ! m important among !m 9 p>ticul>1 n z a body b individually4 ,an opposite practice has = ! mo/ "p prevail$4 ,x has be5 assum$ t !y are homog5e\s2 !y h be5 treat$ z a class1 subject to ! same laws2 & v>iations1 n to be acc\nt$ = f my?ological data1 h be5 view$ z m]e solecisms 9 ! conception ( ! class4 ,?is has ma9ly t5d$1 ,i believe1 to ?ru/ ! tru? ( ! case into d>k corn]s4 ,b ! prop]ties :i* di/+ui% ! ,hom]ic ,immortals 9 common f m5 are 9 reality less important ?an ^? :i* e/abli% rules ( discrim9ation )9 _! own body1 & :i* po9t to ! v diff]5t s\rces t h suppli$ ! mat]ials incorporat$ into diff]5t portions ( ! s*eme4 ,9 ! enum]ation :i* x w be requisite to make1 x might be all[able to treat ,neptune & ,pluto z traditive div9ities1 because 9 _! relation to ,jupit]1 :i* ab/ract$ly is "o ( equal bir? & equal hon\r1 !y appe> to %>e 9 repres5t+ ! primitive tradition1 :i* comb9$ a tr9e p]sonality ) unity 9 ! godhead4 ,effect 0 giv5 to ?is tradition by suppos+ ! exi/5ce ( ?ree deities1 :o 7 unit$ by ! bond ( bro!rhood1 & ( :om ea* _h an important portion ( ! univ]se assign$ to 8 imm$iate sup]9t5d5ce4 ,b = ! assignm5t ( attributes to ^! p]sonages1 :5 sev]ally con/itut$1 tradition seems to h af=d$ no aid4 ,jupit]1 z ! elde/ & mo/ p[]ful1 became heir g5]al1 z x 71 to :atev] ideas 7 curr5t respect+ ! "o supreme ,god3 or ! po9t might be o!rwise /at$1 z = in/ance ?us1 t ! conception :i* ! ,greeks d]iv$ f else:]e ( a supreme ,god1 !y1 on tak+ x ov]1 %ap$ into ! ,elde/ ,bro!r ( _! ,tr9ity4 ,b ! conc5tration ( ideas ( supremacy ^u him 0 at v>iance )1 & enfeebl$ ! notion (1 ! tr9e comb9ation4 ,! tradition itself1 moreov]1 did n det]m9e prov9ces = ,neptune or ,pluto2 & consequ5tly1 ?\gh ^! deities may be consid]$ traditional ) reg>d to _! basis1 !y belong$ to ! inv5t$ class z respects "* & attributes1 & x is 9 conjunction ) t class t ,i propose to consid] !m4 ,aga91 ,jupit] does n fully repres5t any "o specific tradition3 b he assembles irregul>ly ar\nd him ! fragm5ts ( su* traditions z belong$ to ! relation betwe5 m5 & ! ,"o ,rul] ( ! univ]se4 ,on ! "o h& he is 9 competition ) o!r imp]sonations2 on ! o!r h&1 ) ab/ractions1 :i*1 if !y want$ ! life1 yet _h n =feit$ ! purity ( godhead4 ,latona1 aga91 w be kn[n r by relative & negative1 ?an by absolute & positive1 signs2 except z to ! po9t ( h] mat]nity4 ,s ,diana does n equally divide ) ,apollo1 h] tw9 bro!r1 ! sub/ance ( ! tradition t !y jo9tly repres5t2 b r is ! figure ( a p]son on :om ! residue1 consi/+ ( prop]ties t ! ,hom]ic ,apollo c\ld n receive1 is be/[$4 ,x is ma9ly 9 h] ancill>y relation to ,apollo t %e %\ld be view$4 ,x w ( c\rse be my object to br+ out1 z cle>ly & fully z ,i c1 t portion ( ! evid5ce1 :i* proves ! pres5ce ( a /rong traditive elem5t 9 ! ,!omy?ology ( ,hom]4 ,b x is n free f difficulty to det]m9e ! be/ mode ( proce$+ ) ?is view4 ,! traditive "p ( ! mat]ials is n sep>at$ by a broad & direct l9e f ! inv5tive2 nor has x be5 lodg$ )\t admixture 9 any ( ! memb]s ( ! ,olympian sy/em4 ,l ! fables ( ! ,ea/1 x has und]gone ! trans=m+ action ( ! ,greek m9d1 & x is ?r\gh\t ! s*eme v>i\sly m+l$ & comb9$ ) ideas ( human manufacture4 ,!re is sc>cely any elem5t ( ! old revelation t is pres5t$ to our view "u unalt]$ conditions3 sc>cely any p]sonage ( ! div9e ord]1 z repres5t$ by ! ,poet1 /&s 9 ! same relation ( resemblance to ^? primeval traditions1 :i* are to be trac$ 9 8 figure & attributes4 ,! anci5t tru?s are n m]ely imp]fect2 !y are dislocat$1 &1 ) heavy wa/e ( mat]ial 9 ! process1 aft]w>ds reca/4 ,on acc\nt ( ?is bewild]+ div]sity1 x w1 ,i conceive1 be mo/ conducive to my purpose if ,i comm5ce ! inquiry ) ^? deities 9 :om ! propositions ,i ma9ta9 are be/ repres5t$3 = ! pres5t putt+ aside o!rs1 9 :om ! repres5tation ( tradition1 ei!r f ! ov]p[]+ pres5ce ( o!r elem5ts1 or f ! g5]al insignificance ( ! "*1 is less effective4 ,i h spok51 ?us f>1 ( ! anci5t traditions1 z !y are deliv]$ ei!r 9 ! anci5t or 9 ! m rec5t books ( ! ,bible4 ,& ,i hope x w n be ?\ght to sav\r ( m]e p>adox1 if ! result ( my se>* into ! text ( ,hom] %all be to exhibit ! religion ( ! ,greeks1 9 ! h]oic age1 z possess$ ( m resemblances to a primitive revelation1 ?an ^? religions ( ! ,ea/ f :i* !y mu/ h borr[$ l>gely1 & :i* we presume to h /ood betwe5 !m & ! f\nta9-head4 ,we h d\btless to consid] ! ,greeks1 z to _! religion1 9 ?ree capacities3 fir/1 z receiv]s ( ! rema9s ( pri/9e tradition2 secondly1 z hav+ import$1 along ) x1 f abroad ! deprav$ =ms ( human fable2 ?irdly1 z !mselves p[]ful inv5tors1 work+ ^u & add+ to bo? descriptions ( mat]ial4 ,b1 be=e we conclude t ! religion ( ,hom] mu/ ne$s be f>!r f t ( ! patri>*s ?an ! religions1 z we n[ read !m1 ( ,p]sia1 ,assyria1 or ,egypt1 we ought to be assur$ t ! editions1 s to speak1 9 :i* we /udy ^? religions1 are old] ?an ! ,hom]ic poems4 ,:]eas1 ) respect to ! great bulk ( ! records at our comm&1 ?is1 ,i appreh5d1 is ! v rev]se ( ! tru?4 ,messianic traditions ( ! ,hebrews4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 "o s\rce to :i* we may legitimately repair1 z next 9 au?ority to ! ,holy ,scriptures !mselves ) respect to ! =ms ( primitive tradition3 ,i mean ! e>lie/ & mo/ au!ntic sacr$ lit]ature ( ! ,hebrews4 ,n t 9 k9d x c resemble ! sacr$ records2 b t x is at lea/ likely to indicate :at 7 ! e>lie/ =ms ( developm5t1 & ! initial t5d5cies to deviation4 ,s9ce t nation became unhappily committ$1 ?r\gh its *ief traditional au?orities1 to ! repudiation ( ! ,r$eem]1 a s9i/] bias has op]at$ ^u its retrospective1 z well z ^u its pres5t & prospective !ology4 ,!re are nev]!less ?ree deposit>ies ( k f :i* we may hope to le>n :at 7 ! views1 ent]ta9$ by ! anci5t ,hebrews !mselves1 ) reg>d to ! all-absorb+ subject ( ! ,messianic traditions4 ,9 ! fir/ place x w\ld appe>1 f ! v nature ( ! prophecies ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 t !re mu/1 9 all likelihood1 h exi/$ along ) !m a sy/em ( au?oritative contempor>y exposition1 9 ord] t holy m5 might be enabl$ to d]ive f !m ! consolation & in/ruction :i*1 ap>t f _! o!r purposes1 !y 7 div9ely int5d$ to convey4 ,! highly figurative "* & frequ5t obscurity ( _! language supports1 if x does n require1 ?is belief3 & ! con/ant practice1 atte/$ by ! lat] ,scriptures1 ( public explanation ( ! sacr$ ,books1 includ+ ! ,prophets1 9 ! synagogues ( ! ,jews1 br+s x z ne> z su* a case admits to demon/ration4 ,^! expositions ( ! ,sacr$ ,text began1 z x appe>s1 to be committ$ to writ+ ab\t ! "t ( ! ,babyloni% captivity2 :5 ! ,*aldee tongue became ! v]nacul>1 & ! old ,hebrew disappe>$ f common use4 ,!y 7 collect$ 9 ! ,p>aphrases or ,t>gumim3 & ! fragm5ts ( ! olde/ ( !m1 :i* _h consi/$ ( m>g9al notes1 7 consolidat$ into a cont9u\s ,t>gum by ,onkelos1 ,jona?an1 & o!rs#df4 #df ,s*ttg5's ,hor ,hebraic et ,talmudic1 vol4 ii4 ,de ,messi1 ,prf4 ss4 #c4d4ab4 & ,b4 ,i4 c4 iii4 #b1 #c4 ,ap>t f ! ,t>gumim1 ! sacr$ lit]ature ( ! ,jews appe>s1 f ! "t ( ! captivity onw>ds1 to h run 9 two ma9 *annels4 ,"o class ( tea*]s & writ]s re/$ *iefly on ! dry tradition>y sy/em condemn$ by our ,savi\r 9 ! ,gospels1 & gave less & less he$1 z "t w5t on1 to ! doctr9e ( ,scripture1 & ( _! =efa!rs1 conc]n+ ! ,messiah4 ,9 ! second c5tury aft] ,*ri/1 ?is tradition>y sy/em 0 r$uc$ by ! ,rabbi ,jehuda into a volume call$ ! ,mis*na4 ,& 9 ! six? or sev5?1 !re 0 compos$ a l>g] "w1 ! ,gem>a or ,talmud1 :i* purport$ 9 "p to comm5t on ! ,mis*na1 & :i* also pres5t$ a m ext5sive & m promiscu\s collection ( ,rabb9ical traditions4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! ordure ( ?is "w1 says ,s*ttg51 are to be f\nd "h & !re c]ta9 pe>ls#dg4 #dg ,s*ttg5 ,prf4 #ag4 ,b4 ,i4 c4 iii4 #g1 #h4 & ,rabb94 ,lect4 ,b4 ,i4 c4 #e4 ,p>allel ) ?is /ream ( *iefly spuri\s le>n+1 !re 0 a succession ( pi\s writ]s1 :o bo? se>*$ ! ,scriptures1 & /udi$ to ma9ta9 & propagate ! ,messianic int]pretations ( !m4 ,( ?is succession ! ,rabbi ,simeon ,b5 ,jo*ai 0 ! great ornam5t2 & by 8 disciples 0 compil$1 "s sixty ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 or ab\t ,a4 ,d4 #agj1 ! "w t]m$ ! ,soh>1 :i* is s ,*ri/ian 9 its s5se1 z to h conv9c$ ,s*ttg5 t ,simeon 0 himself a ,*ri/ian2 al?\gh1 p]haps f n be+ und]/ood1 he 0 n repudiat$ by ! ,jews#dh4 ,^u ?is "w 0 f\nd$ ! ,cabbali/ic or my/ical le>n+4 #dh ,s*ttg5 ,prf4 #ab-ae4 ,b4 ,i4 & ,,ii4 c4 ii4 c4 iii4 #f1 #g4 ,rabb4 ,lect4 ,i4 c4 vi4 ,f ^! s\rces may be d]iv$ _m ,messianic ideas & int]pretations t 7 curr5t among ! anci5t ,jews4 ,( !m ,i proce$ to extract "s1 f ! "w ( ,s*ttg51 :i* may ?r[ light ^u ! int]ior sy/em ( ! ,hom]ic my?ology 9 its mo/ important aspects4 #a4 ,fir/ & =emo/1 ^! traditions appe> to be> witness to ! extraord9>y elevation ( ! ,messiah1 & !y fully recognise 8 title to ! great ,tetragrammaton#di4 #di ,s*ttg51 ,i4 i4 #a4 #b4 ,next1 t introduction ( ! female pr9ciple into ! sph]e ( deity1 :i* ! ,greeks seem to h adopt$1 aft] _! an?ropophui/ic mann]1 ) a view to ! family ord] among ! ,immortals r ?an z a m]e metaphysical conception1 appe>s to h its prototype 9 ! ,hebrew traditions4 ,:5 9 ! ,holy ,scriptures we f9d wisdom p]sonifi$ 9 ! fem99e1 we reg>d ?is only z a mode ( spee*1 ?\gh z "o evid5tly t5d+ to acc\nt = ! sex ( ,m9]va4 ,b ! ,jewi% traditions w5t f> beyond ?is#ej4 ,! two natures ( our ,"l w\ld appe> f ! ,soh> to h be5 di/+ui%$ "u ! figure ( "m & daught]4 ,! ,s*e*9a1 or #8glory ( ,god1' is ( ! fem99e g5d]3 & ! relation ( ,8 div9ity to ,8 humanity is set =? "u ! figure ( a m>riage4 ,he is !re=e call$ "m & matron2 temporibus futuris omnes ho/es trad5tur 9 manus ,matron1 z ,s*ttg5 r5d]s ! ,soh>#ea4 #ej ,s*ttg51 ,i4 i4 #c4 #ea ,ibid4 ,i4 i4 #ab1 #ah4 ,! 1 or ,^w ( ! ,"l1 is also %[n to h be51 accord+ to ! g5u9e traditions ( ! ,jews1 a common expression = ! ,messiah4 ,! relation ?us exhibit$ is 9 m>k$ analogy ) t betwe5 ,m9]va & ,jupit]4 ,?is expression ( ! ,t>gums ( ,jona?an & ,onkelos is also 9 correspond5ce ) ! language ( ,philo1 ,de ,confusione ,l+u>um1 pp4 #bee1 #bfgeb4 #eb ,ibid4 ,i4 i4 #b4 #d4 ,! ideas ( son%ip & primog5iture#ec are likewise recognis$ among ! titles ( ! ,messiah1 accord+ to ! ,soh> & o!r ,jewi% au?orities4 ,we %all h to inquire :at ,hom]ic deities !re are1 :o1 by ! di/9ction betwe5 _! mode & "t ( bir?1 & t ( o!rs1 may appe> to repres5t ^! *>act]i/ics4 #ec ,ib4 ,i4 i4 #e1 #i4 #e4 ,! ,"l ( ,ho/s1 or ,zebao?#ed1 is ano!r title ( ! ,messiah3 & we may !re=e expect1 9 any tradition>y remnant f\nd else:]e1 to discov] "s /rong & comm&+ m>tial developm5t4 #ed ,ib4 ,i4 i4 #f4 #f4 ,! ,messiah 0 preem95tly conceiv$ ( by ! ,jews z be+ ! ,light#ee4 ,?is prop]ty is 9 imm$iate connection ) ! idea ( ! 4 ,x _c fail to be obs]v$1 h[ vividly su* an idea is repres5t$ 9 ! anci5t "n atta*+ to ,apollo1 & probably also 9 t ( or #8light-born4' ,! same idea appe>s 9 ! *>act]i/ic epi!t 1 z x is n[ rightly int]pret$1 = ,m9]va4 ,?is inde$ is n m]ely an epi!t1 b x =ms "o ( h] titles3 z 9 ,il4 viii4 #djf4 #ee ,ibid4 ,,ii4 ,loc4 ,g54 xiii4 xciv4 et alibi1 & ,i4 iii4 #aj1 #bc4 #g4 ,aga91 ! "n ,metatron#ef is "o ( ^? prop]ly appli$ to ! ,messiah by ! ,jews4 ,x is suppos$ to h d5ot$ orig9ally ! s5se ( ! ,lat9 ^w metator1 z hav+ ref]5ce to ! guid+ ( ! ,israelites ?r\gh ! des]t1 & ! m>k+ or measur+ out ( _! camps !re4 ,b x appe>s to h acquir$ aft]w>ds ! s5se ( ,m$iator1 z imply+ t ! ,messiah 0 ! organ1 ?r\gh :om ! c\nsels ( ! ,mo/ ,high ,god took effect ^u man4 #ef ,s*ttg51 ,i4 i4 #cj4 #h4 ,! p]=mance ( miracles 0 to be a peculi> m>k ( ! ,messiah#eg4 #eg ,ibid4 ,,iii4 ,!s4 iii4 #b4 #i4 ,ano!r 0 ! conque/ he 0 to a*ieve ov] ,satan1 & ! lib]ation ( ! dead f ! grave & f ! p[] ( hell#eh4 #eh ,ibid4 ,,iii4 ,!s4 ii4 ,) ^! great gifts & p[]s 0 associat$ an assemblage ( ! mo/ w9n+ & ende>+ moral qualities4 #8,! ,s*e*9a 7or ,messiah7 is ! image ( ,god2 z ,he is g5tle1 s is ,%e3 z ,he is graci\s1 s is ,%e3 z ,he is mighty1 s is ,%e mi/ress ov] all nations3 ,he is tru?1 ,%e is fai?3 ,he ! prophet1 ,%e ! prophetess3 ,he ! j1 ,%e ! j3 ,he ! k+1 ,%e ! que53 ,he wise1 ,%e wisdom3 ,he intellig5t1 ,%e ,8 intellig5ce3 ,he ! cr[n1 ,%e ! diadem#ei4' #ei ,f ! translation ( ! ,soh> by ,somm]1 9 ,s*ttg51 ,,iii4 iii4 ,! c5tral idea ( ^! old traditions1 z we conceive x1 & z x /&s ap>t f simple !ism1 0 t ( r$emption by means ( a p]son clo!d 9 ! attributions ( humanity1 b also inve/$ ) ! nature & p[]s ( ,godhead4 ,( ^! two sides ( ! tradition1 "o 0 exhibit$ 9 ! ,^w or ,wisdom ( ,god1 & ! o!r 9 ! ,se$ ( ! woman4 ,! fir/ is appropriat$ to ,m9]va1 & ! second 9 ! ma9 to ,apollo4 ,b z ! div9e & human c\ld n 9 ! tradition long cont9ue completely h>moniz$ & unit$1 s nei!r are !y :olly sev]$4 ,! ,wisdom assumes a human configuration3 ! ,se$ ( ! woman does n cease to be div9e4 ,n[ ,pallas & ,apollo pres]ve1 relatively to "o ano!r1 ! place ( _! prototypes 9 ^! two c>d9al respects4 ,z ! tradition ( ! 0 m imm$iately div9e1 s ,pallas is m copi\sly inve/$ ) ! high] p[]s1 pr]ogatives1 & (fices ( deity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z ! deliv]ance 0 to be wr\ght out by ! imm$iate ag5cy ( ! ,se$ ( ! woman1 s ,apollo is m human1 & is inve/$ ) ! l>g] & m v>i$ assemblage ( active end[m5ts1 app]ta9+ to ! heal?1 welf>e1 safety1 purification1 & *a/isem5t ( mank9d4 ,& "o ma9 reason ( ! an?ropomorph\s "* ( ! ,greek my?ology z a :ole may v probably be f\nd 9 ! fact1 t x 0 an old & a pure tradition :i* fir/ gave to m5 ! idea ( ,god 9 human =m2 ! idea :i*1 :5 once m purifi$1 became t ( ,emmanuel1 ,god ) u#fj4 #fj ,matt4 i4 #bc4 ,! p]sonages ( ! ,hom]ic ,!o-my?ology :o might mo/ reasonably be di/+ui%$ z hav+ _! basis 9 tradition are3 #a4 ,jupit]4 #b4 ,m9]va4 #c4 ,apollo4 #d4 ,diana4 #e4 ,latona4 #f4 ,iris4 #g4 ,! ,titans & k9dr$ traditions4 #h4 1 ! ,temptress4 ,( ^!1 ,jupit] is s mix$ a conception1 & has su* important relations to ! :ole g5esis ( ! ,greek my?ology1 t ,i place him 9 ano!r class1 & po/pone ! attempt to give a view ( 8 p]son & (fices until we h gone ?r\gh ! deities1 9 :om ! traditional elem5t is less disguis$ & also less contam9at$4 ,m9]va & ,apollo ! key4 ,& ( ^! ,i comm5ce ) ,m9]va & ,apollo1 n only because !y are ! mo/ dignifi$1 b also z !y are ! mo/ *>act]i/ic repres5tatives ( ! class1 & because x is 9 _! p]sons t we may be/ te/ ! am\nt & quality ( ! evid5ce 9 support ( ! ass]tion1 t a traditional basis = ! religion ( ! h]oic age ( ,greece is /ill traceable 9 ! poems ( ,hom]4 ,aga93 x is ! effect ( ?is evid5ce 9 g5]al bo? to sep>ate ,m9]va & ,apollo by _m important diff]5ces f ! g5]al mass ( ! ,olympian deities1 & likewise to associate !m toge!r 9 a great numb] ( common signs & prop]ties4 ,= ^! reasons ,i %all beg9 by consid]+ !m jo9tly3 & ,i believe t 9 a j compreh5sion ( _! position lies ! key to ! :ole ,hom]ic sy/em4 ,! l9es ( description = ^! two deities w1 h[ev]1 cross & recross "o ano!r4 ,_! /rong & p]vad+ ess5tial resemblances d n preclude mu* div]sity ( detail2 & x w n unfrequ5tly be f\nd to happ51 ei!r t a giv5 sign1 p]haps ev5 "o ( peculi> elevation1 & ?us ( traditive orig91 is f\nd 9 "o ( ! two & n 9 ! o!r1 or else t su* a sign is develop$ m fully 9 "o ?an 9 ! o!r1 or t ! prop]ties ( an idea are divid$ betwe5 !m1 z if x 0 felt t1 :]e ! "o 01 ! o!r mu/ 9 great] or less measure be4 ,x w also be rememb]$ t ,i d n aim at includ+1 ev5 9 ?is detail$ discussion1 all t is ascrib$ by ,hom] to 8 ,apollo & 8 ,m9]va2 b only at exhibit+1 ) su* fulness & cle>ness z ,i c1 ! di/9ctive "* :i* on ! :ole !y may be said to possess 9 common1 & :i* ,i believe to con/itute bo? ! mo/ curi\s1 & by f> ! mo/ important feature ( ! :ole ,hom]ic ,!o-my?ology4 ,! signs :i* appe> to m>k ^! great deities ( tradition1 & :i* accompany !m ) a delib]ate consi/5cy ?r\gh ! poems1 pres5t !mselves ) v>i\s be>+s4 ,"s affect _! position 9 ! ,olympian sy/em1 o!rs _! individual *>act]s2 & la/ly1 a ?ird class app]ta9 to _! deal+s ) man1 & to _! place & p[] 9 reg>d to ! sph]e ( nature bo? animal & inanimate4 ,or m briefly1 we may reg>d !m 9 _! ,olympian relations1 _! p]sonal *>act]s1 & _! t]re/rial aspects4 ,we w beg9 ) ! fir/ ( ^! ?ree divisions4 ,_! rank 9 ! ,olympian sy/em4 #a4 ,_! position 9 ! ,olympian sy/em1 if we are to adopt ! common g5esis ( ! ,olympian sy/em1 is "o ( hopeless & unacc\ntable solecism4 ,! gods ( ,olympus are arrang$ g5]ally 9 two g5]ations4 ,if we put ,apollo & ,m9]va out ( view1 !n1 ) ! exception ( a deity l ,dione1 introduc$ to s]ve z a m]e vehicle ( mat]nity1 & inf]ior 9 weight1 if n 9 rank1 to h] own (fspr+1 ! maje/y & might ( ,olympus1 foll[+ ! ord] ( nature1 are entirely 9 ! eld] ( ^! g5]ations1 & reside ) ,jupit]1 ,juno1 ,neptune1 & ,aidoneus or ,pluto4 ,! great] sph]es h be5 %>$ among ^! div9ities2 no?+1 except :at is second>y1 rema9s = ! re/4 ,b ! position ( ,apollo & ,m9]va is 9 no respect inf]ior to ^? ( ! eld] gods1 save ,jupit] alone3 9 _m po9ts x is high]2 x has approximations to ! v summit1 :i* !y h n2 nay1 9 p>ticul> po9ts1 ,jupit] himself is exce$$4 ,x is s entirely diff]5t z a :ole f t ( ! o!r deities ( ! second g5]ation1 t we mu/ seek out a cause = ! diff]5ce4 ,n[ x _c be made to dep5d1 at lea/ 9 ! case ( ,apollo1 on ! p>am\nt magnitude ( any "o ( 8 functions1 su* z ! b[1 ! lyre1 or ev5 ! gift ( div9ation4 ,x w\ld h be5 natural to anticipate t w>1 :i* is ! bus9ess ( ,m>s1 might h made a great] deity ?an div9ation1 _h bo? />t$ f ! same po9t4 ,9 lat] times1 p]haps1 x did s2 b 9 ,hom] ! inf]iority ( ,m>s is immeasurable4 ,n[ if we _c acc\nt = ?is & o!r cases ( inf]iority to ,apollo 9 ! h]oic age by function1 we mu/1 ,i ?9k1 ( necessity look = x 9 diff]5ce ( orig94 #b4 ,al?\gh ! relation ( ,apollo & ,m9]va to ,jupit] places !m 9 ! g5]ation next to 81 7all ! ,hom]ic div9ities alike are subject to ! condition ( be+ conceiv$ to h a beg9n+17 yet !re are m>k$ diff]5ces 9 antiquity betwe5 ^! two1 & all ! o!r deities :o1 l !m1 /& z *ildr5 to ,jupit]3 :ile ! simple fact1 t !y /& z 8 *ildr51 is precisely :at ! anci5t traditions w\ld h l$ u to expect1 ) a diff]5ce :i* we f9d repres5t$ 9 ! respective modes ( _! d]ivation f him4 ,( ! o!r deities ( ! same g5]ation1 !re are "s s rec5t1 z ,greek deities1 t _! *ildhood is made matt] ( record3 !re is n "o :o be>s any m>k t w ?r[ him back to ! p]iod :5 ! ,pelasgians rul$ 9 ,greece1 l ,jupit] z ! fa!r ( ! old ,hellic h\ses & ! ,dodonan wor%ip1 or ,neptune z ! p>5t ( ,neleus & ( ,actor2 or inde$ t 9 any mann] sugge/s great antiquity4 ,b n[ let u look at ,m9]va & ,apollo4 ,t ,m9]va 0 born f ! head ( ,jupit]1 is a leg5d :i* ,i appreh5d signifies t1 9 ! olde/ my?ology1 %e _h no "m3 t1 ev5 if n 9 ! ,olympian ord]1 yet 9 ! hi/ory ( h] wor%ip %e 0 prior to ,juno4 ,%e w\ld o!rwise h be5 ! daught] ( ,juno1 or ( "s o!r "m2 & ! sole p>5tage ( ,jupit] is a pro(1 t ! tradition %e repres5t$ 0 9 vogue be=e mo!rhood among ! ,immortals 0 inv5t$4 ,s /rictly is ?is true1 t1 z ! con/ructive process w5t on1 a "m 0 f\nd = ,m9]va "u ! "n ( ,metis#fa2 :o 0 at ! same "t plac$ z ! olde/ among ! wives ( ,jupit]4 ,9 ,hom]1 :e!r ,tritog5eia is to be int]pret$ head-born#fb or n1 x is indubitable t ,m9]va has no "m nam$1 & is n ! *ild ( any kn[n female div9ity3 & ! sole p>5tage ( ,jupit] appe>s to be decl>$ ) suffici5t cle>ness 9 ! expo/ulation ( ,m>s to ,jupit]#fc2 #fa ,see ,hes4 ,!og4 #hhf-ijj4 ,apollod4 i4 #c1 #f4 #fb ,hes4 ,!og4 #ibd4 #fc ,il4 v4 #hhj4 ' 4 ,?is is ! only s5se1 s f> z ,i c see1 t c prop]ly be giv5 to ! ^w 4 ,apollo1 on ! o!r h&1 is ! son ( or ,latona4 ,= h] "n !re appe>s to be b "o satisfactory mean+1 & x is ?is2 t h] orig9 0 be=e ! memory ( man1 t is1 be=e ! p]iod )9 :i* ! ,greek my?ological sy/em _h be5 con/ruct$4 ,x _c fail to be rem>k$1 t ! relation betwe5 ! my?ical orig9 ( ,apollo & t ( ,m9]va exhibit a diff]5ce entirely analog\s to t f\nd 9 ! traditions :i* !y repres5t respectively2 & :i* w\ld give to ,apollo a "m1 b to ,m9]va none4 ,9 bo?1 h[ev]1 we may "h trace a /rong resemblance to ! ,messianic traditions ( ,holy ,scripture & ( ! ,jews4 #c4 ,^! deities h a great v>iety ( functions1 ( :i* ! second>y =ms1 or ! executive applications1 are delegat$ to o!rs1 ( less p[] & pre-em95ce1 b /ill also 9 mo/ cases /rictly ,olympian gods4 ,^! satellite-div9ities x may be conv5i5t to designate by ! "n ( ,second>ies4 ,! ,second>ies ( ,m9]va4 ,! ,second>ies ( ,olympus are s important a class1 t !y des]ve1 z a class1 a di/9ct consid]ation4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,fir/1 = ,m9]va1 9 h] great *>act]s z goddess ( wisdom1 ( w>1 ( polity1 & ( indu/rial art4 ,9 ! fir/1 ,m]cury is h] ,second>y3 = bo? are presid+ div9ities or patrons ( t calculat+ faculty appli$ to conduct1 :i*1 on ! side ( virtue1 reads z prud5ce1 & :i* 9 its deg5]ate =m is craft 7 or 74 ,9 treat+ ! god ,m]cury1 ) respect to ?is capital p>ticul>1 z a second>y ( ,m9]va1 ,i d n mean t he is no?+ else3 b t ! traditions ab\t ,h]mes 7 f\nd capable (1 & 7 all[$ to be>1 su* a =m1 t x is impossible to describe fully ! function ( ! "o deity )\t includ+ some?+ t is also annex$ to ! o!r1 or to draw any cle> l9e betwe5 !m4 ,9 lat] times ,m]cury at ,a!ns 01 accord+ to ,mll]#fd1 a ,second>y also to ,apollo1 *>g$ ) ! exot]ic & mat]ial p>ts ( sev]al among 8 functions4 ,& 9 ,hom] x seems probable1 t 8 (fice ) respect to ! dead ought to be view$ z m9i/]ial to t ( ,apollo4 #fd ,mll]'s ,dorians1 ,,ii4 vi4 #ef4 ,9 ! next ( h] great (fices1 z goddess ( w>1 ,m>s is a ,second>y to ,m9]va2 & he is absolutely no?+ m4 ,x may be en\gh 9 ?is place to ref] to :at w be said ( him 9 ! next ,section4 ,! ,m9]va ( polity1 ! 1 1 & 1 is repres5t$ by ,!mis z a ,second>y3 ^: "n betok5s h] "* z a simple p]sonification ( ! idea ( political & social rights1 reflect$ f e>? ^u ! ,olympian life4 ,9 ! la/ ( ! f\r functions1 ,vulcan is h] ,second>y4 ,x is true t ! traditions d n exactly squ>e4 ,he is some?+ m1 because he is ! elem5t ( fire1 z well z ! workman :o op]ates by x3 & he is also some?+ less1 because he has no conc]n ) tissues1 :i* fire has no %>e 9 creat+1 & :i* 9 ,greece1 b n 9 ,egypt#fe1 7 exclusively ! bus9ess ( wom54 ,b ! relation betwe5 ! two is indisputable3 nor is x less pla9 t 9 t relation he fills1 tak5 g5]ally1 ! place ( ,olympian workman1 %e ( a presid+ m9d op]at+ ^u man4 ,& aga91 %e is ! goddess ( con/ruction2 he has relations only ) "o p>ticul> dep>tm5t ( x4 #fe ,see ! curi\s passage 9 ! dipus ,coloneus1 #ccf-da4 ,! ,second>ies ( ,apollo4 ,next = ,apollo1 9 8 *>act]s1 fir/1 ( ! ,heal]1 & secondly1 ( ! ,b>d1 ) t ( ! ,se] or ,prophet4 ,9 ! fir/ ( ^! he is1 s to speak1 assi/$ by a pure ,second>y1 ,paieon2 :o disappe>s f ! lat] & less ref9$ ,greek my?ology1 & is replac$ by an sculapius1 reflect$ f ! purely human ,asclepius ( ,hom]4 ,paieon is a simply executive (fic]1 & ex]cises 8 gift1 or z we %\ld n[ say practises1 exclusively1 z does ,vulcan1 except on special occasions1 = ! b5efit ( ! ,olympian community2 :ile ! orig9al possession ( ! gift1 & ! p[] ( di/ribut+ x1 is ) ,apollo4 ,!re is a fur!r & m subtle relation betwe5 ?is deity & ,apollo1 indicat$ by ! use ( ! "n = ! hymn ( victory#ff4 ,:atev] be ! gr\nd ( ?is usage1 x supplies ano!r po9t1 9 :i* ,paieon reflects ,apollo ! god ( help1 & s f> t5ds to exhibit ,apollo z also ! god ( victory4 ,paieon heals by ! use ( 8 h&s1 l an ord9>y surgeon2 ,apollo )\t p]sonal pres5ce1 & )\t ! use ( second causes1 9 answ] to pray]#fg4 #ff ,il4 xxii4 #cia4 #fg ,il4 xvi4 #ebg-i4 ,9 ! second ( 8 great (fices1 ! ,muses are ! d]ivative deities1 :o conjo9tly =m a ,second>y div9ity to ,apollo4 ,_! relation to him1 & ! comb9ation 9 !mselves ( ! plural ) ! s+ul>1 are v curi\s4 ,8 imm$iate conc]n is ) ! lyre1 !irs ) ! voice4 ,!y sometimes appe> z "o2 = in/ance1 9 ! fir/ v]se ( ea* ( ! poems3 sometimes z _m2 = in/ance1 9 ! invocation be=e ! ,catalogue4 ,ev5 _! action is s comb9$1 t :at at "o "t !y d z "o1 at o!rs !y d z _m4 ,x is ! ,muses :o maim ,?amyris3 x is ! ,muse1 :o greatly loves ,demodocus1 :o lays ^u him ! burd5 ( bl9dness1 b end[s him ) ! gift ( song3 & aga91 :o in/ructs & loves ! tribe ( ,b>ds 9 g5]al#fh4 #fh ,il4 ii4 #eid1 & ,od4 viii4 #fc & #dhj4 ,! ,muses are1 ) ,hom]1 ( ,olympian rank2 b we c h>dly deal ) !m z to _m di/9ct imp]sonations3 or at lea/ we mu/ n foll[ out t idea to its consequ5ces4 ,& = ?is reason2 !y 7 n 9 contact ) ! popul> m9d1 & =m$ no "p ( ! public religion3 !y 7 =mations ( ! ,poet = 8 own purposes1 :om he might make & unmake at 8 w1 & ! conditions ( ^: exi/5ce he might modify1 )\t be+ b\nd to any fur!r degree ( consi/5cy ?an might = ! occasion answ] ! purpose ( 8 art4 ,we mu/ n1 !n1 ask him :e!r he really means 8 ,muse to be "o or _m1 & if _m1 h[ _m 7x is1 inde$1 only 9 ! second t he m5tions !m z n9e#fi71 b mu/ simply take !m z a poetical1 r ?an my?ological1 imp]sonation ( ,vocal ,music4 #fi ,od4 xxiv4 #fj4 ,& "h we at once p]ceive bo? ! gr\nd ( _! plurality1 & _! m9i/]ial relation to ,apollo4 ,! =m]1 probably1 lay 9 ! nature ( h>mony1 or simultane\s comb9ation ( tones1 requir+1 ( c\rse1 a comb9ation ( diff]5t voices1 to effect :at on ! in/rum5t is done by diff]5t /r+s4 ,& if x did n spr+ f1 x 0 at lea/ suit$ to1 t succession ( alt]nate p>ts1 :i* 01 z we "k1 us$ 9 ,israel ev5 m anci5tly ?an 9 ,hom]'s "t1 & :i* may1 ?\gh ,i d n1 = "o1 feel c]ta9 t x mu/1 h be5 signifi$ by ! t]m 1 a "n cle>ly relat+ to "p-s++ 9 "o s5se or ano!r4 ,_! subord9ate relation to ,apollo is repres5t$ 9 ! comb9ation#gj ( ! voice ) ! in/rum5t4 ,he1 z ! ,orig9al1 rema9s 9 possession ( ! indivisible gift3 !y assi/ him 9 "o :i* is ess5tially di/ributive4 ,& z !y %>e 9 8 music1 s also 9 8 k3 b only 9 t :i* relates to ! pa/3 ) ! future !y h no conc]n#ga4 ,b z ei!r ,m9]va or ,vulcan c tea* a smi?1 s ei!r ,apollo or ! ,muse c inspire a b>d#gb4 #gj ,il4 i4 #fjd4 #ga ,il4 ii4 #dhe4 #gb ,od4 viii4 #dhh4 ,argum5t f ! ,second>ies4 ,su* !n are ! ,olympian ,second>ies4 ,none ( !m1 x w be obs]v$1 are prop]ly d]ivative be+s4 ,all ( !m repres5t1 9 "s s5se1 traditions1 or imag9ations1 di/9ct f ^? respect+ _! pr9cipal deity3 nor are !y 9 ! same k9d ( subs]vi5ce to !m z ! ,eili?ui to ,juno1 :o h no wor%ip paid !m1 & are ( d\btful p]sonality2 or z ! metal h&maids to ,vulcan himself4 ,b !y are deities1 ea* ( :om s+ly 9 a p>ticul> prov9ce adm9i/]s a function1 :i* also belongs to a deity ( high] dignity4 ,& ?\gh a diff]5ce is cle>ly disc]nible 9 ! =m ( ! possession & adm9i/ration1 yet !re /ill rema9s a cle> & manife/ duplication1 a lapp+ ov] ( div9ities1 :i* is entirely at v>iance ) ! symmetry t we might reckon ^u f9d+ 9 an homog5e\s conception ( ! ,greeks4 ,?is irregul> duplication is kept 9 "s degree out ( view1 if we set out ) ! det]m9ation to ref] ! ,hom]ic deities to a s+le orig91 to make a regul> division ( duties among !m1 & to p>e d[n ?is1 or enl>ge t1 till we h br\ght !m & _! suppos$ gifts into ! requisite ord]4 ,b z x /&s 9 ,hom]1 free f lat] admixtures1 & f prepossessions ( ours1 x is a mo/ curi\s & significant fact1 & raises at once a s]i\s inquiry z to its cause4 ,i submit t x may be ref]r$ to ! jo9t op]ation ( two circum/ances4 ,fir/1 to ! p>ticul> =m ( ! e>ly traditions t 7 incorporat$ into ! inv5t$ or ,olympian sy/em4 ,secondly1 to ! pr9ciple ( economy1 or family & social ord]1 reflect$ back f ! human community ^u ! div9e4 ,if ! primitive tradition1 ev5 :5 disfigur$ by ! lapse ( "t1 yet on its arrival 9 ,greece /ill visibly appropriat$ to "o sublime p]son1 di/+ui%able f ! supreme ,god1 & fem99ely conceiv$1 ! attributes ( sov]eign wisdom1 /r5g?1 & skill2 & to ano!r1 9 ! =m ( man1 ! gifts ( k1 rea*+ be=e & aft]1 & id5tifi$ 9 e>ly times ) t ( ,song1 z well z t ( heal+ or deliv]ance f pa9 & dea?2 !n we c und]/& :y x is t1 :5 ^! great p]sonages take _! places z ( "r 9 ! popul> my?ology1 !y cont9ue to keep hold on c]ta9 great functions1 9 :i* _! attributes are prim>ily develop$4 ,picture ( human society 9 ,olympus4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 ! div9e society mu/ be ca/ into ! =m ( ! human2 & ?is especially mu/ take effect 9 ?ree great organic p>ticul>s4 ,fir/1 by means ( ! family1 :i* br+s ! memb]s ( ! body into be+3 secondly1 by political association1 involv+ ! necessity ( a head1 & ( a delib]ative organ3 ?irdly1 by ! exi/5ce ( c]ta9 pr(essions1 :i* by ! use ( intellectual gifts provide = ! exig5cies ( ! community4 ,! m]ely lab\r+ classes1 9 ^: place & idea !re is no?+ ( ! gov]n+ function1 are naturally )\t repres5tation1 9 ! configuration ( ! div9e community1 z to ! =ms ( _! p>ticul> employm5ts3 ?\gh ! p at l>ge be> a rude analogy to ! mass ( inf]ior deities n includ$ 9 ! ord9>y meet+ ( ! gods1 yet summon$ to ! great ,*apt] or ,p>liam5t4 ,olympus mu/1 9 %ort1 h its 4 ,:o ^! 7 = an ord9>y ,greek community l t ( ,i?aca1 we le>n f ! spee* ( ,eumu#gc4 #gc ,od4 xvii4 #chc4 1 1 1 1 4 ,"h1 inde$1 !re is no repres5tation ( ! pr9ciple ( ga9 or comm]ce1 :i* does n appe> z yet to h =m$ a class 9 ,greece1 ?\gh ! ,i?acans habitually sacrific$ to ,m]cury#gd4 ,b t =mation 0 on ! way2 = ! class 0 already kn[n1 d\btless z a ,phnician "o1 "u ! "n ( 1 m5 ( bus9ess1 apt to deg5]ate into 1 or %>p]s4 ,nor 0 !re a class ( soldi]s2 b e citiz5 became a soldi] ^u occasion4 ,) ^! additions1 x is curi\s to obs]ve h[ fai?fully ! ,olympian copy is modell$ ^u ! human orig9al4 ,! five pr(essions1 or demio]gic functions1 are1 #gd ,od4 xiv4 #dce1 & xvi4 #dga4 #a4 1 ! se]4 #b4 1 ! surgeon4 #c4 1 ! skill$ artific]4 #d4 1 ! b>d4 #e4 1 ! man ( bus9ess or m]*ant4 ,n[ all ^! 7 actually repres5t$ 9 ,apollo & ,m9]va2 ! fir/1 second1 & f\r? by ,apollo1 ! ?ird & fif? by ,m9]va1 :o 0 also ! highe/ type ( w>4 ,b ?is union ( sev]al human pr(essions 9 "o div9e p]son w\ld h be5 fatal to ! fidelity & effectiv5ess ( ! ,olympian picture1 to :i* a division ( lab\r1 analog\s to ! division exi/+ 9 actual society1 0 ess5tial4 ,!re=e ! accumulation 0 to be r$uc$4 ,& 9 ord] to make ?is practicable1 !re 7 di/9ct traditions ready1 on :i* c\ld be laid ! sup]flu\s or mo/ easily sep>able attributes ( ,apollo & ,m9]va4 ,s ,apollo keeps unimpair$ 8 gift ( =ekn[l$ge1 & ,m9]va h]s ( sublime wisdom4 ,) ^! no "o is p]mitt$ to int]f]e4 ,b ! is repres5t$ 9 ,paieon3 ! 7into ,olympus h[ev] no inf]ior mat]ial ent]s1 & all "w is evid5tly 9 metal1 ( :i* ! cele/ial ,smi?#ge con/ructs ! build+s !mselves1 t on e>? w\ld be made ( wood7 is exhibit$ 9 ,vulcan3 ! 9 ! ,muses1 ! 9 ,m]cury1 & ! man ( w> 9 ,m>s4 #ge ,il4 xv4 #cji4 ,dignity & prec$5ce ( ,m9]va4 #c4 ,?\gh ,m9]va _c conte/ ) ,juno ! hon\r ( m]e prec$5ce 9 ! ,olympian c\rt1 yet1 z reg>ds sub/antial dignity1 %e by no means yields ev5 to ! que5 ( heav54 ,sometimes1 und\bt$ly1 :5 %e moves 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,greeks1 x is ^u ! sugge/ion ( ,juno made to h]self1 z 9 ,il4 i4 #aie2 or ?r\gh ,jupit]1 z 9 ,il4 iv4 #fd4 ,b x is probable t ?is %\ld be ref]r$1 n to great] em95ce or au?ority1 b simply to ! m int5sely & m n>r[ly ,hell5iz$ "* ( ,juno4 ,!re are1 at any rate1 beyond all d\bt1 "s arrangem5ts adopt$ by ! poet1 ) ! special int5t1 to all appe>ance1 ( indicat+ a full equality1 if n an actual pre-em95ce1 = ,m9]va4 ,twice ! two goddesses desc5d toge!r f ,olympus to ! field ( battle4 ,bo? times x is 9 ! *>iot ( ,juno4 ,n[ ,iris1 z on "o occasion1 at lea/1 %e acts at ,juno's bidd+1 & z on ano!r we f9d h] unyok+ ! *>iot ( ,m>s1 might ) propriety h be5 employ$ to dis*>ge ?is function at a mom5t :5 ! two greate/ goddesses are ab\t to set out toge!r4 ,x is n s1 h[ev]4 ,juno h]self yokes ! horses1 & also plays ! "p ( driv]1 :ile ,m9]va m\nts z ! w>rior beside h]#gf4 ,to be ! *>iote] is g5]ally1 ?\gh n q inv>iably1 ! note ( ! inf]ior4 ,b irrespectively ( ?is (ficial di/9ction1 ,m9]va ) h] gis is ! conspicu\s1 & ,juno evid5tly ! subord9ate figure 9 ! gr\p4 #gf ,il4 v4 #gde-h4 ,9 ! ,odyssey1 aga91 we h a mo/ /rik+ indication ( ! ess5tial sup]iority ( ,m9]va to ! great & p[]ful ,neptune4 ,att5d+1 9 ! disguise ( a human =m1 ! sacrifice ( ,ne/or at ,pylos to 8 div9e ance/or1 %e does n scruple1 on ! invitation ( ! "y pr9ce ,pisi/ratus1 to (f] pray] to t deity1 9 ! capacity ( a c\rte\s gue/ & a religi\s ,greek4 ,h] petitions are = ,ne/or1 = 8 family1 = 8 subjects1 & = ! err& on :i* %e1 ) ,telema*us1 0 engag$4 ,all are includ$ 9 ! g5]al words ) :i* %e concludes#gg3 #gg ,od4 iii4 #ee-fb4 ,vide ,nitzs* 9 loc4 4 ,b at ! close ! poet goes on to decl>e t :at %e ?us s\ght 9 pray] f h] uncle ,neptune1 %e =?) accompli%$ h]self3 ' ' 1 4 ,yet once m4 ,! same tra9 ( ideas1 :i* expla9s h[ ,olympus is fitt$ ) a set ( ,second>ies1 also %[s to u :y ^! ,second>ies h only ! l[] or subsidi>y =m ( _! sev]al gifts4 ,x is because ^! gifts 7 already 9 ! possession ( high] p]sonages1 be=e ! introduction ( ! m rec5t traditions repres5t$ by ! ,second>ies3 traditions1 ( :i* ! :ole1 7except t ( ,paieon1 :o is n wor%ipp$ at all1 & exi/s only 9 & = ,olympus17 be> ^u !m1 z receiv$ 9 ,greece1 ! m>ks ( mod]nism#gh4 ,!y naturally submit to ! conditions1 ant]ior to !mselves1 ( ! hi]>*y into :i* !y are introduc$4 ,b1 on ! "o h&1 _! exi/5ce1 toge!r ) ! peculi> relation ( _! "w & attributes1 r ?an !mselves1 to ! great deities ( tradition1 ,apollo & ,m9]va1 con/itutes ( itself a /rong argum5t = ! sep>ate & m anci5t orig9 ( ^? div9ities4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y be> p[]ful te/imony to ! =ce ( t pr9ciple1 :i* reflect$ on ! ,a*an heav5 ! exp]i5ce ( e>?4 ,= !re is n a s+le dignifi$ & intellectual occupation kn[n to & 9 use among ! ,hell5ic tribes1 prop]ly s call$1 :i* has n1 z f> z may be1 c\nt]p>t on ,olympus4 ,n ev5 ! prie/hood is a real exception2 especially if ,i am "r 9 believ+ x to be ,pelasgian1 & n yet to h be5 adopt$ 9 ! "t ( ,hom] z "o ( ! ,hell5ic in/itutions4 ,b1 ev5 if x _h be5 s adopt$1 x c\ld n1 f ! nature ( ! case1 h be5 c>ri$ into ! ,olympian sy/em1 s9ce !re 7 no be+s above !mselves to :om ! gods c\ld (f] sacrifice1 & s9ce1 accord+ to ! deprav$ idea ( x :i* _h begun to prevail1 9 (f]+ x !y w\ld h p>t$ ) some?+ t 0 ( value to !mselves4 #gh ,see ! acc\nts ( ! sev]al deities1 9 ,sect4 iii4 ,we d n he> a great deal respect+ m]e c]emonial among ! ,olympian div9ities4 ,to ,jupit]1 h[ev]1 & to ,juno1 is aw>d$ ! conspicu\s hon\r1 t1 :5 ei!r ( !m ent]s ! assembl$ ,c\rt1 all ! o!r deities rise up#gi4 ,x is pla9 t ,hom] includ$ 9 ! picture be=e 8 m5tal eye ideas relat+ to t ext]nal ord] :i* we t]m prec$5ce3 & x may be %[n1 t ,m9]va _h ! prec$5ce ov] ! o!r gods1 or :at we %\ld t]m ! seat ( hon\r2 t place :i* 0 occupi$1 9 ! human family1 by ! elde/ son4 ,juno we mu/ presume1 z ! reflection ( ,jupit]1 w\ld occupy ! place ( ! "m4 #gi ,il4 i4 #ecc4 xv4 #he4 ,:5 ,!tis is summon$ to ,olympus 9 ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,iliad1 %e receives on h] arrival ! hon\rs ( a gue/1 9 :i* is includ$ ?is di/+ui%$ place beside ! *ief p]son1 & x is ,m9]va :o yields x up to h]2 ' 1 ' #hj4 #hj ,il4 xxiv4 #ajj4 ,an exactly simil> proce$+ is record$ 9 ! ,?ird ,odyssey4 ,:5 ,telema*us & ! pseudo-,m5tor approa* ! banquet ( ,ne/or1 ,pisi/ratus1 ! y\nge/ son1 fir/ goes to greet !m1 & !n places !m 9 ! seat ( hon\r1 betwe5 8 fa!r & 8 elde/ bro!r#ha1 #ha ,od4 iii4 #ci4 t is1 by ! side ( ,ne/or2 ,?rasym$es giv+ way to make room = !m1 & rema9+ on ! o!r side ( !m1 l ,m9]va 9 ! ,tw5ty-,f\r? ,iliad4 ,( ,apollo4 ,hom] has left no express record on ?is p>ticul> po9t ) ref]5ce to ,apollo4 ,9 ! anci5t ,hymn1 h[ev]1 a "p ( :i* is quot$ by ,?ucydides1 ?is hon\r is di/9ctly assign$ to t div9ity 9 ^! f9e l9es#hb3 #hb ,hymn4 ad ,apoll4 #b-d4 ' ' 1 4 ,intimacy ( _! relations ) ,jupit]4 #d4 ,m rem>kable & important1 h[ev]1 ?an ?is prec$5ce ( ,m9]va 9 ! ,olympian ,c\rt1 are ! relations ( w & affection betwe5 ,jupit] & ^! two1 z comp>$ ) 8 o!r *ildr54 ,to ^!1 & ^! only1 does he ev] use any t]m ( positive ende>m5t4 ,m9]va is twice call$ 1 & ,apollo is twice address$ 9 ! vocative z #hc4 ,?is is ! m wor?y ( note1 because x might h be5 expect$ t o!r div9ities r ?an ^!1 = example1 ,m]cury on acc\nt ( 8 y\?1 or ,v5us = h] beauty & bl&i%m5ts1 w\ld h be5 ! pref]able objects ( ^! phrases4 ,b !re is no?+ ( ! sort 9 ! case ( ,m]cury1 & 9 t ( ,v5us1 ! ne>e/ approa* is 7,il4 v4 #dbh74 ,%e is only address$ z by ,juno1 :o 0 n h] "m1 & ?is at a mom5t :5 x 0 conv5i5t to pass a gross deception ^u h]#hd4 #hc ,il4 viii4 #dj4 xxii4 #ahc4 & ,il4 xv4 #bba4 xvi4 #ffg4 #hd ,il4 xiv4 ,m9]va is1 inde$1 suffici5tly =w>d to place h]self 9 opposition to ,jupit] = purposes ( h] own3 %e does n exhibit ! pr9ciple ( full ob$i5ce1 b !n %e is /rong 9 ! self-consci\sness ( "r z well z 9 p[]4 ,%e goes all l5g?s 9 ?w>t+ ,jupit] 9 ! ,iliad1 excites 8 wra?1 & draws d[n on h]self 8 m5aces#he4 ,b h] g5]al aim is to give effect to a design s unequivocally approv$ 9 ,olympus1 t ,jupit] himself has be5 con/ra9$ to give way to x2 namely1 ! v9dication ( ju/ice by ! fall ( ,troy4 ,& consequ5tly1 ^u ! slighte/ indication f h] ( a conciliatory disposition1 ,jupit] %[s himself appeas$1 & seems to regret 8 own rig\r#hf4 #he ,il4 viii4 #dja-f & #ded-f4 #hf ,il4 viii4 #cj-dj4 ,! case ( ,apollo /&s alone z an exhibition ( entire h>mony ) ! w ( ,jupit]4 ,on no s+le occasion does he act or speak 9 a diff]5t s5se f t ( 8 p>5t4 ,9 ! ,olympian ,c\ncil ( ! ,tw5ty-,f\r? ,iliad1 hav+ to make a /rong remon/rance respect+ ! di%on\r$ condition ( ! body ( ,hector1 he is c>eful to address x n to ,jupit]1 b to ! body ( gods pres5t#hg2 #hg ,il4 xxiv4 #cc4 1 1 4 ,& consequ5tly1 :5 ,juno foll[s ) a %>p invective aim$ at him1 ,jupit] imm$iately *ecks h]#hh1 & gives effect to ! c\nsel ( ,apollo4 ,g5]ally ?r\gh\t ! poem he is ! organ ( ,jupit] = all t is ab\t to be effect$ on behalf ( ,troy1 b nev] = any purpose :i* is to prove abortive4 ,:51 "u ! div9e decree1 ,hector is ab\t to be sla9 by ,a*illes1 ,apollo )draws f ! doom$ w>rior1 & ,m9]va jo9s ! fav\r$ "o4 #hh ,ibid4 #fe4 ,?is union ( ! w ( ,apollo ) t ( ,jupit] mu/ n be lightly pass$ by4 ,x is 9 tru? "o ( ! v /ronge/ argum5ts to %[ ! pres5ce ( tradition>y elem5ts 9 ?is great conception4 ,= wide z is ! preval5ce ( ! law ( discord ^u e>?1 t evil is h>dly less rife 9 ,olympus4 ,n only d m5aces =m ! supreme sanction by :i* 9 _m cases its gov]nm5t is c>ri$ on1 b e k9d ( p]sonal grudge & qu>rel ab\nds1 z well z a g5]al t5d5cy to intrigue & insubord9ation4 ,s t x does n s\nd /range to u1 :5 ,jupit] uses to 8 son ,m>s :at nev]!less ^u exam9ation we mu/ all[ to be an a/oni%+ expression2 1 #hi4 #hi ,il4 v4 #hij4 ,among all ! re/ ( ! prom95t div9ities1 !re is no s+le in/ance ( a positive h>mony ( w p]vad+ ! :ole c\rse ( action1 ei!r z betwe5 any "o ( !m & ,jupit]1 or z among !mselves4 ,i !re=e take x z a v /rong indication t mat]ials 7 br\ght = ?is tradition1 s diff]5t 9 k9d f :at ,olympus yield$1 out ( a s\rce high] ?an ,olympus4 #e4 ,9 ! po9t next to be /at$ ,apollo is *iefly conc]n$4 ,apollo ! deliv]] ( heav54 ,x is ! rem>kable tradition1 :i* makes t god ! def5d] & deliv]] ( heav5 & ! o!r ,immortals4 ,otus & ,ephialtes1 tw9 gr&*ildr5 ( ,neptune1 & ! mo/ huge 9 /ature ( all be+s re>$ on e>?1 z also ! mo/ beautiful aft] ,orion1 ?reat5 ev5 9 _! boyhood w> aga9/ heav51 & propose to scale x by pil+ ! m\nta9s4 ,& ?is !y w\ld h accompli%$1 _h !y atta9$ to _! prop] age & full size 773 b ,apollo de/roy$ !m fir/#ij4 #ij ,od4 xi4 #cjg-bj4 ,?is is a tradition :i* _c prop]ly belong to ,greek inv5tion3 = :at has ,apollo to d1 :5 s reg>d$1 ei!r ) ! wield+ ( va/ physical =ce1 or ) lay+ x pro/rate8 ,nei!r z physician1 h>p]1 poet1 prophet1 ar*]1 nor angel ( ,dea?1 does he appe> to h be5 ! p]son :o w\ld h be5 *os5 = ?is purpose4 ,! ?und]bolt ( ,jupit] is ! weapon we %\ld h expect$ to be employ$ 9 pref]5ce1 or ! mighty spe> & t]rify+ gis ( ,m9]va1 or ev5 ! brute bulk ( ,m>s4 ,! g5tle dea?1 :i* x 0 ,apollo's my?ological (fice to br+ ab\t1 is totally unsuit$ to ! subject4 ,x is only :5 we exp& t mild conception into ! "* ( ! ,av5g]1 p>tially exhibit$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,iliad1 t ,apollo becomes ! fitt+ de/roy] ( ,otus & ,ephialtes4 ,?is tradition 9 aft]times 0 app>5tly comb9$ ) a l>g] "o relat+ to ! ,giants1 at :i* ,hom] d>kly glances#ia4 #ia ,od4 vii4 #ef1 #fj4 ,ovid makes ,jupit] 8 own def5d]#ib3 a f9e passage 9 ,horace introduces _m div9e combatants1 b reta9s a r prom95t place = ,apollo1 :ile x gives ano!r to ,m9]va2 & ^! two ) ,jupit] appe> to be> ! brunt ( ! battle#ic4 #ib ,ov4 ,met4 i4 #aea4 #ic ,hor4 ,od4 ,,iii4 iv4 #db-fd4 ,x admits ( b "o satisfactory explanation1 namely t1 com+ f a s\rce high] ?an ! my?ology1 x does n1 s to speak1 we> ! liv]y ( t sy/em3 & t ?is p]=mance is assign$ to ,apollo1 ei!r because he repres5t$ ! ,p]son to :om all p[] 0 to belong 9 heav5 & e>? bo? = de/ruction & = deliv]ance1 or else because tradition actually assign$ to t same ,p]son ! glory ( hav+ already ov]come a rebellion ( p[]ful be+s aga9/ ! ,mo/ ,high4 ,!re is no precise p>allel suppli$ by ,hom]1 9 ! case ( ,m9]va1 to ! tradition :i* makes ,apollo ! de/roy] ( ! rebels4 ,b ?\gh n ! def5d] ( ! div9e ord] at l>ge1 %e is ! *ampion ( ,h]cules1 ! fav\rite son ( ,jupit]1 "u circum/ances :5 app>5tly1 b = h]1 8 div9ity w\ld h be5 at fault4 #8,:at6' says ,m9]va1 :5 ?w>t$ by h] p>5t 9 ! ,eigh? ,iliad1 #8has he =gott5 h[ _m times ,i sav$ 8 son 9 ! lab\rs impos$ ^u him by ,eury/heus8 ,_h ,i1 at ! "t :5 ,h]cules 0 s5t by him to fet* ,c]b]us out ( ! "u-_w1 kn[n h[ he w\ld behave n[1 nev] %\ld he h escap$ ! dread /reams ( ,/yx#id4' ,we are left to inf] f ?is curi\s leg5d t ,m9]va _h a p[]1 available 9 ! _w bel[1 :i* tradition did n assign to ,jupit]1 & t he f\nd h] use ( x on ?is occasion absolutely indisp5sable = ! fulfilm5t ( 8 wi%es1 ev5 9 reg>d to a fav\rite son4 #id ,il4 viii4 #cfb-i2 & also ,od4 xi4 #fbc-f4 ,ea* ( ^! functions1 assign$ to ,apollo & ,m9]va respectively1 recalls to memory ^? ,jewi% traditions1 :i* set =? ! direct & especial p[] ( ! ,messiah ov] ! fall5 angels & ov] ! grave4 ,^! deities are nev] foil$ by o!rs4 #f4 ,! la/ *>act]i/ic ( ! two peculi>ly traditive deities :i* w be m5tion$ "u ?is head is1 t !y are nev] foil$1 defeat$1 or outwitt$ by any o!r ( ! gods4 ,9 no s+le case has ,m9]va1 :]e %e is 9 action1 to enc\nt] any "o ( ^! =ms ( di%on\r3 nor has ,apollo1 9 any in/ance except only :5 he is pitt$ aga9/ ,m9]va4 ,( ?is class !re are two cases3 "o1 :5 ! ,greeks are los+ gr\nd#ie1 & he is made to arrange ) h] = /opp+ ! g5]al conflict1 by prompt+ ! p]sonal *all5ge f ,hector 9 its /ead3 a matt] :i* 0 c]ta9 to end to ! cr$it ( ! ,greeks4 ,! o!r is 9 ! ,doloneia#if1 :5 he causes an al>m j 9 "t to f9d t ,diom$ & ,ulysses1 guid$ by ,m9]va1 h accompli%$ ! bloody purpose ( _! err&4 ,among m51 z among gods1 ,m9]va t\*es no?+ except :at is de/9$ to triumph4 ,%e is n1 !re=e1 invok$ by ! doom$ ,patroclus3 & %e r5d]s him no aid4 #ie ,id4 vii4 #bj4 #if ,il4 x4 #eae4 ,to appreciate ! importance ( ?is consid]ation1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d t !re is no "o ( ! purely inv5t$ deities1 :o is n at "o "t or ano!r subject 9 "s =m to disp>agem5t4 ,m>s is wor/$ by ,m9]va1 ?r\gh ,diom$1 z well z directly subject to h] control2 ,vulcan is laugh$ at by ! gods 9 g5]al2 ,m]cury d>es n enc\nt] ,latona2 ,c]es sees h] lov] sla9 by ,jupit]2 ,v5us is n only smitt5 to ! gr\nd by ,m9]va1 b beat5 by ,diom$ )\t 8 hav+ any div9e aid to /r5g!n him1 & befool$ by ,juno2 ,juno outwits ,jupit] himself2 b ,juno also1 toge!r ) ,aides1 is w\nd$ sorely by ,h]cules2 & x is also record$ ( h]1 t %e _h be5 subject$ by h] husb& to ! ignom9i\s puni%m5t ( hang+ 9 *a9s1 ) an anvil at ea* foot#ig4 #ig ,il4 xv4 #ah4 ,neptune is no :]e subject$ to p]sonal ignom9y2 b he is baffl$ by ,laom$on1 & is also unable to av5ge effectually ! mutilation ( 8 son ,polyphemus4 ,nay1 ,jupit] himself1 besides be+ deceiv$ by ,juno1 0 m5ac$ by a =midable comb9ation1 :o 7 ab\t to put him 9 fett]s1 :5 ,bri>eus came to 8 aid#ih4 #ih ,il4 i4 #cih-djf4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,apollo arre/s ) sudd5 %ock ! victori\s c>e] ( ,diom$#ii1 & aga9 ( ,patroclus#ajj4 ,& 9 ! de/9ies ( ,ulysses1 ,m9]va1 :o protects him1 effectually1 ?\gh aft] a /ruggle1 prevails aga9/ ,neptune1 :o does 8 utt]mo/ aga9/ him4 ,9 ord]1 h[ev]1 ju/ly to e/imate ! weight ( ?is consid]ation1 we mu/ n omit to notice1 t x has co/ ,hom] an elaborate1 & :at we might o!rwise call a f>-fet*$ contrivance#aja1 to save ,apollo f di%on\r 9 ! ,!oma*y4 ,he is !re mat*$ aga9/ ,neptune1 a deity ( rank equal to t ( ,jupit]1 & 9 =ce inf]ior to 8 eld] bro!r alone4 ,x 0 !re=e inadmissible t su* a god %\ld be subject$ to defeat4 ,b if ,apollo 7 no m ?an "o ( ! ord9>y deities ( inv5tion1 no simil> reason c\ld apply to him4 ,he 0 junior3 he 0 a son ( ,jupit]1 l ,m>s or ,m]cury3 he 0 on ! los+ side1 t ( ! ,trojans3 :y %\ld he n1 l ,m>s1 be well ?ra%$ by 8 antagoni/8 ,x c\ld only be1 ,i ?9k1 9 consequ5ce ( "s broad l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 !m3 "s sev]ance :i* det]m9es _! *>act]s & positions z radically & fundam5tally1 & n by m]e accid5t1 divid$4 #ii ,il4 v4 #ddj4 #ajj ,il4 xvi4 #gjg4 #aja ,il4 xxi4 #dce4 ,if we consid] ! m]e bir? ( ^! two deities accord+ to ! ,olympian ord]1 e consid]ation d]iv$ f t s\rce w\ld t5d to assign to ,m>s a high] place ?an ,apollo4 ,8 function 0 m comm&+3 = 9 an age ( turbul5ce1 & among a p giv5 alike to freeboot+ & to op5 w>1 :at pacific (fice c\ld compete1 ab/ract$ly1 ) t ( ! god ( arms8 ,aga91 ,m>s is ! son ( ,juno1 :o is ! elde/ daught] ( ,saturn1 ! orig9al & pr9cipal wife ( ,jupit]1 ! ackn[l$g$ que5 ( ,olympus3 ! coequal 9 bir? ( ! great tr9e bro!rhood1 & second 9 p[] to none b ,jupit] himself4 ,:y %\ld ! *ild ( ,latona be plac$ s f> above ! *ild ( "o s mu* 8 sup]ior 9 bir?1 accord+ to ! my?ological ord]8 ,:y is 8 position s diff]5t f t enjoy$ by ! *ild ( ,dione1 or ! *ild ( ,c]es8 ,b s /udi\sly does ,hom] *]i% ! dignity ( ,apollo1 t he does n ev5 ?r[ on him ! burd5 ( tak+ ! initiative 9 propos+ ! plan by :i* x is to be sav$4 ,?is is manag$ ) great c>e & art4 #8,let u two fight1' says ,neptune1 #8b d y beg91 z ,i am ! old]1 & "k bett]4' ,& !n1 by br++ up _! common grudge aga9/ ,laom$on1 he proce$s to %[ ( :at absurdity ,apollo w\ld be guilty if he 7 to foll[ ! ironical advice1 & ?us makes x easy1 inde$ inevitable1 = him to e*o ! s5tim5t1 & say1 let u leave !m1 hapless mortals1 to !mselves4 ,) ?is we may comp>e two o!r arrangem5ts conceiv$ 9 ! same _s4 ,9 ! ,fifte5? ,iliad1 ,jupit] takes c>e t ! mission ( ,apollo to assi/ ! ,trojans %all only beg9 :5 ,neptune1 ! =midable fri5d ( ! ,greeks1 has already quitt$ ! field ( battle#ajb4 ,& 9 ! ,fif? ,odyssey1 x is contriv$ t only :5 ,neptune )draws f ! p]secution ( ,ulysses1 !n at l5g? ,m9]va %all in/antly appe> to resume h] *>ge ov] him#ajc4 #ajb ,il4 xv4 #bah-bj4 #ajc ,od4 v4 #chj-b4 ,:5 we come to discuss ! position ( ,latona1 bo? g5]ally & 9 ! ,!oma*y1 fur!r =ce w1 ,i ?9k1 be add$ to ! =ego+ consid]ations4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i admit t ! leg5d ( ,apollo ) ,laom$on1 :i* repres5ts t he & ,neptune 7 deceiv$ by t k+1 is n1 s f> z ,i see1 expla9$ 9 any mann] :i* %\ld place x 9 entire h>mony ) ! g5]al rule we h be5 consid]+1 unless we may consid] t he _h 8 rev5ge 9 ! opportunity af=d$ him by ! ,!oma*y ( refus+ to fight = ,troy4 ,b ?is is a case ( treatm5t by a mortal1 n by a god2 & x belongs to a diff]5t ord]4 ,i n[ proce$ to t\* ^u ! pre-em95ce ( ,m9]va & ,apollo 9 po9ts connect$ ) _! t]re/rial relations1 & ) :at may be t]m$ ! physical conditions ( _! exi/5ce4 #a4 ,x is q cle> f ,hom]1 t ^! two deities receiv$ f m5 a special & peculi> hon\r3 ?\gh x may be op5 to "q1 :e!r ?is reta9$ only ! indet]m9ate =m ( a s5tim5t1 or :e!r x 0 embodi$ 9 "s fact or usage4 ,pallas & ,apollo h ! exclusive di/9ction ( be+ invok$ 9 conjunction ) ,jupit]1 9 ! rem>kable l9e 1 4 ,?is v]se meets u1 n ^u occasions hav+ ref]5ce to any peculi> rite or function1 b simply :5 ! speak] desires to give utt]ance ) a peculi> solemnity or emphasis to "s /rong & p>am\nt desire4 ,?us ,agamemnon wi%es1 ) ?is adjuration1 t he _h t5 su* c\nsellors z ,ne/or#ajd3 & aga91 t all 8 w>riors _h ! same activity ( _s z ! two ,ajaxes#aje4 ,ne/or ) ^! words wi%es himself "y aga9#ajf3 z does old ,la]tes#ajg4 ,a*illes prays 9 ?is =m1 :5 exasp]at$1 = ! de/ruction ( ,greeks & ,trojans alike#ajh3 ,m5elaus = ! appe>ance ( ,ulysses among ! ,suitors#aji2 ,alc9\s ?us expresses ! wi% t ,ulysses c\ld be ! husb& ( ,nausicaa#aaj3 & la/ly1 ,telema*us1 t ! ,suitors 7 9 a worse condition ?an ! disabl$ ,irus#aaa4 #ajd ,il4 ii4 #cga4 #aje iv4 #bhh4 #ajf vii4 #acb4 #ajg ,od4 xxiv4 #cgf4 #ajh ,il4 xvi4 #ig4 #aji ,od4 iv4 #cda1 & xvii4 #acb4 #aaj ,od4 vii4 #caa4 #aaa ,od4 xviii4 #bce4 ,! ,tr9e ,invocation4 ,! expression nev] is he>d f ! m\? ( any ,trojan2 = ,hom]1 on :atev] acc\nt1 r>ely all[s !m ! use ( ! same =mul ) ! ,greeks4 ,b ! :ole sub/ance ( x is conta9$1 & 9 a %ape ev5 m re/rictive1 9 ! l9e twice spok5 by ,hector1 '1 ' 4 ,?is language is inde$ s po9t$1 t x sugge/s ! "q1 :e!r !re mu/ n h be5 "s peculi> =m ( ext]nal hon\r1 :i* 9 ! ,h]oic age 0 r5d]$ to ^! deities1 & n to o!rs4 ,&1 s+ul>ly en\gh1 ( ! temples ( ! ,hom]ic poems1 all t we c po9t out z unequivocally nam$1 & 9 exi/5ce1 are temples ei!r to ,apollo or to ,pallas4 ,b ! phrases may also h po9t$ t[>ds o!rs ( _! v num]\s di/9ctions4 ,i d n1 accord+ly1 v5ture to ass]t t ?is actually 0 ! exclusive hon\r ( ! two deities2 b !re is no?+ absurd 9 ! supposition t x may h be5 s4 ,x w\ld n h be5 inconsi/5t ) a belief 9 ,jupit] z ! highe/ god1 t ^?1 :o 7 believ$ to be 9 a peculi> s5se 8 m9i/]s & organs = ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 %\ld ei!r h receiv$ at ! h&s ( mank9d a l>g] %>e ( ! sub/antial tributes ( wor%ip ?an he did1 or %\ld h enjoy$ x "u a peculi> =m & conditions4 ,_! wor%ip univ]sal4 #b4 ,x w\ld appe> to be indubitable1 t ,apollo & ,m9]va 7 objects n ( p>tial b ( univ]sal wor%ip1 )9 ! sph]e ( ! k ( ,hom]4 ,ev5 )\t exam9ation ( details1 ! pro( ( ?is proposition might re/ ^u _! relative positions 9 reg>d to ! two p>ties ( ,greeks & ,trojans4 ,m9]va1 ! great ,hell5iz+ deity1 is ! object ( ! supplicatory procession ( ,trojan wom5 9 ! ,six? ,book4 ,%e is ! peculi> patroness at once ( ! highly ,pelasgian ,attica#aab1 & ( ! *>act]i/ic type ( ,hell5ic "* repres5t$ 9 ,ulysses4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,apollo1 ! "o really effective *ampion ( ! ,trojans1 is ackn[l$g$ by e ,greek *iefta91 except ,agamemnon1 at ! v outset ( ! poem#aac4 ,agamemnon himself has only be5 misl$ by 8 own av>ice & passion1 & he %ortly s5ds a solemn mission to appease ! (f5d$ div9ity#aad4 #aab ,il4 ii4 #edf4 #aac ,il4 i4 #bb4 #aad ,ibid4 iv4 #cj4 ,sett+ aside ! case ( ,jupit]1 :o /&s on a diff]5t level1 !re is no?+ atta*+ to ! o!r deities ( ! ,w>1 :i* at all resembles ! position ( comm& enjoy$ 9 common by ^! two1 bo? among _! fri5ds1 & ) ^? aga9/ :om !y are cont5d+4 ,!re is n ev5 a diff]5ce ( degree to be trac$ betwe5 ! rev]5ce paid !m on ! "o side1 & on ! o!r4 ,:5 we turn to p>ticul>s1 we f9d t ,m9]va has a temple 9 ,troy1 a temple 9 ,a!ns1 a sacr$ grove 9 ,s*]ia4 ,%e is wor%ipp$ by ,ne/or on ! sea-%ore at ,pylos1 &1 ne> ! ,m9yeius2 by ,telema*us 9 ,i?aca2 by ,ulysses & ,diom$ 9 ! ,greek camp4 ,%e accompanies ,ulysses e :]e1 :ile he is )9 ! circle ( ! ,greek traditions2 only refra9s ( h] own free w f go+ beyond x2 & rejo9s him :51 ne> ,s*]ia1 he has at l5g? aga9 t\*$ ^u ! out]mo/ bord] ( ! ,greek _w4 ,!re is no deity1 )\t except+ ev5 ,jupit]1 ) respect to :om we h su* ample evid5ce 9 ! poems ( ! developm5t ( 8 wor%ip 9 positive & p]man5t in/itutions1 z is giv5 9 ! case ( ,apollo4 ,he has a prie/ at ,*ryse1 a temple 9 ,troy1 a prie/ & grove at ,ism>us 9 ,?race1 a grove & fe/ivals 9 ,i?aca1 oracles at ,delos & at ,delphi4 ,besides ^! positive in/itutions1 !re are 9 ,hom] innum]able m>ks ( 8 influ5ce4 ,he work$ = ,laom$on1 he is wor%ipp$ at ,cille2 ! "n ( ,lycia seems to h be5 probably d]iv$ f him & 8 attributes2 ! ,se]s1 :om he end[s ) vision1 are f\nd 9 ,peloponnesus1 & ev5 among ! ,cyclops2 he fe$s ! horses ( ,admetus ei!r 9 ,pi]ia or 9 ,ph]1 claims ! s]vices ( ,alcyone1 ! daught] ( ,m>pessa1 9 tolia1 & slays ! *ildr5 ( ,niobe ne> m\nt ,sipylus4 ,s f> z ! ,hom]ic signs g1 !y w\ld lead u to suppose t he 0 reg>d$ by ! ,poet z a deity no less univ]sal ?an t ,sc\rge ( ,dea?1 to :i* he /&s 9 su* a close & solemn relation4 ,) ! exception ( ,jupit]1 !re is no o!r deity ( :om we c s confid5tly ass]t t he receives an univ]sal wor%ip3 & ,neptune is ! only o!r1 ) ,m9]va1 9 reg>d to :om ! indications ( ! poems r5d] x probable4 ,( him we may inf] x1 f 8 appe>+ to be kn[n or to act at places s widely sep>at$ by di/ance2 on ! ,solyman m\nta9s1 9 ,troas "u ,laom$on1 9 ,greece ne> ! ,enipeus1 9 ! l& ( ! ,cyclops1 9 ! sea f> nor? ( ,phacia4 ,b ?is is entirely ow+ to ! wide ext5t ( ! 1 8 portion ( ! great k+dom ( ext]nal ,nature1 :i*1 be+ z broad z ! ,phnician traditions ( ! ,odyssey1 at once gives him a place 9 !m4 ,x is cle>ly n due to any ?+ m div9e 9 ! conception ( him1 = he c>ries _m *ief notes ( limitation 9 common ) ! div9ities ( pure inv5tion4 ,! wide ext5sion ( ! class ( ,se]s may ( itself be tak5 z a pro( ( ! equally wide recognition ( ! influ5ce ( ,apollo3 = he x 0 :o made ,polypheides#aae to be fir/ ( t ord]1 on ! dea? ( ,amphi>aus4 ,n[ ^! ,se]s appe> to h be5 f\nd e :]e1 "u ! =m ei!r ( ! 1 or ( ! 4 ,n 9 ,greece only & 9 ,troas prop]2 b 9 ,p]cote1 among ! ,mysians1 & ev5 among ! ,cyclops 9 ! ,out] ,zone#aaf4 #aae ,od4 xv4 #beb4 #aaf ,il4 ii4 #hca1 #hei4 & ,od4 ix4 #ejh4 ,n localiz$ z to abode4 #c4 ,! next di/9ction ,i %all note 9 ! traditive deities is1 t !y are conf9$ to no "o spot or region = _! abode2 a limitation1 :i* is impos$1 ei!r m or less1 ^u e o!r prom95t deity except ,jupit] only4 ,) respect to "s ( !m1 ?is is made q cle> by positive signs4 ,except :5 9 ,olympus1 or else :5 abroad on a special occasion1 ,m>s does n quit ,?race1 nor ,vulcan ,lemnos1 nor ,v5us ,paphos4 ,b ev5 ^u high] & old] deities !re are signs ( "s k9d ( local limitation4 ,! rigidly ,argeian "* ( ,juno1 ?\gh x does n express1 yet implies x4 ,demet] w\ld appe> to h a local abode1 probably 9 ,crete4 ,aidoneus & ,p]sephone are ord9>ily conf9$ to ! ,%ades1 :]e _! prop] bus9ess lies4 ,neptune himself1 :5 dismiss$ f ! battle-field1 is desir$ to repair ei!r to ! sea or to ,olympus4 ,8 regul> wor%ip among ! ,greeks 01 z appe>s f a spee* ( ,juno1 at ,helice & g 9 gialos2 :i* x is n easy to acc\nt =1 except ^u ! supposition t he resid$ peculi>ly at ^! places#aag4 ,n[ x is expressly decl>$ t 8 palace 0 9 g3 f !nce he sets out = ! pla9 ( ,troy1 & ?i!r he repairs :5 he desi/s f ! p]secution ( ,ulysses4 ,! "n g is n m5tion$ 9 ! ,catalogue1 & ,helice1 z x is call$ 1 0 evid5tly a di/rict2 ?us x may h be5 ! di/rict 9 :i* g /ood1 p]haps z its seaport#aah4 ,be=e ! "t ( ,/rabo g#aai _h disappe>$4 #aag ,il4 viii4 #bjc4 #aah ,il4 ii4 #ege4 xiii4 #bj4 ,od4 v4 #cha4 ,/rabo1 p4 #chg4 #aai ,9 accordance ) ! prevail+ op9ion1 ,i take ?is to be ! g ( gialus1 n ( ,euba4 ,n[ ,m9]va has a peculi> relation to ,a!ns1 & is once m5tion$ z betak+ h]self ?i!r#abj4 ,aga91 ! epi!t 1 r>ely giv5 to ,apollo1 has sugge/$ a connection ) ,lycia4 ,if1 h[ev] we =m our judgm5t f ,hom]1 ,lycia may d]ive its "n f ,apollo1 b n ,apollo f ,lycia4 #abj ,od4 iii4 #gh-ha4 ,i may /ate1 t 7 ,i n s fe>ful ( (f5d+ on ! side ( lic5se1 ,i %\ld be incl9$ to suspect ! h& ( ! diaskeua/ 9 ?is passage m ?an 9 almo/ any o!r ( ! ,poems4 ,b x is pla9 f ! poems t ! influ5ce1 ! activity1 & ! virtual1 if n positive pres5ce ( ,apollo & ,m9]va p]vade ! :ole ,hom]ic _w4 ,?is is %[n p>tly by _! univ]sal action2 9 ,troas1 9 ,lycia#aba1 9 ,?race1 9 ,s*]ia1 & all ov] ,greece4 ,x is also demon/rat$ by ! mann] 9 :i* pray] is address$ to !m3 & nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r is ev] repres5t$ ei!r z hav+ a palace or resid5ce 9 any p>ticul> spot1 or z %[+1 l ,juno1 an exclusive p>tiality to any p>ticul> race or city4 #aba ,il4 v4 #aje4 #d4 ,al?\gh invocation ( div9ities is frequ5t 9 ! poems ( ,hom]1 x does n seem to h be5 suffici5tly obs]v$1 t ! ,olympian p]sonages1 to :om x is ord9>ily address$1 are v few 9 numb]4 ,9 ! ,tw5tie? ,odyssey1 ,p5elope besee*es ,diana to put a p]iod to h] m\rnful exi/5ce4 ,i presume t %e is "h invok$1 n on acc\nt ( h] sup]iority z a traditive deity1 b because ! subject is connect$ ) h] especial (fice 9 reg>d to ,dea?4 ,neptune aga9 is occasionally address$ by mortals2 z by 8 desc5dant ,ne/or on ! sea-%ore at ,pylus1 & 9 l mann] by 8 son ,polyphemus1 on ! bea* ( ! c\ntry ( ! ,cyclops4 ,s also he is invok$ by ! ,envoys on _! way to ! encampm5t ( ,a*illes3 "h aga9 _! c\rse lies along ! sea-%ore4 ,i w assume accord+ly1 ?\gh ) a good deal ( d\bt1 t any ,olympian deity might be made ! object ( supplication "u giv5 circum/ances ( "t1 place1 or p]son4 ,b x is manife/ f ! poems t ! g5]al rule is ! o!r way4 ,!y are ord9>ily n made ! subjects ( invocation1 ev5 9 connection ) _! own peculi> gifts4 ,!re is no invocation address$ 9 ,hom] to ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,m]cury1 or ,vulcan2 nor ev51 :i* is m rem>kable1 to ,juno4 ,pray] h[ev] is v usual 9 ! poems3 b x is conf9$ to ?ree div9ities only4 ,objects ( habitual pray]4 ,jupit]1 ,apollo1 & ,pallas are address$ by p]sons 9 difficulty1 n ) ref]5ce to any peculi> gift or (fice t !y fill1 b q indep5d5tly ( peculi> rites1 & local or p]sonal relations4 ,?us ,ulysses & ,diom$ 9 ! ,doloneia invoke ,m9]va#abb4 ,m5elaus1 :5 ab\t to attack ,euphorbus1 prays fir/ to ,jupit]#abc4 ,ne/or1 too1 addresses ,jupit]1 & n 8 own ance/or ,neptune#abd1 9 ! great /raits ( ! ,greek army4 ,glaucus besee*es ,apollo to heal 8 w\nd#abe2 & if ?is address be ?\ght to belong to 8 m$ical function1 x is /ill v rem>kable f its conta9+ a direct ass]tion1 t he is able bo? to he> & to act at :atev] di/ance4 ,! same may be said ( ! pray] ( ,p&>us#abf4 ,8 prie/ ,*ryses (f]s pray] to him f ! pla9 ( ,troas 7,il4 i4 #cg73 b ?is may be incid5tal to ! (fice4 ,! cases ( pray] to ,jupit] & ,m9]va are purely private petitions1 )\t notice1 sugge/$ by ! circum/ances ( ! mom5t3 & !y %[ t ?\gh ,hom] _h p]haps no ab/ract idea ( omnipres5ce1 he assign$ to ^! deities its ess5tial *>act]i/ic1 t is to say1 ! possession ( p[]s n limit$ by space4 #abb ,il4 x4 #bgh1 #bhd1 #dfb4 ,comp4 #ejg4 #abc ,il4 xvii4 #ai4 #abd ,il4 iv4 #aai4 #abe ,il4 xvi4 #ead4 #abf ,il4 iv4 #aai4 ,! evid5ce t ,apollo 0 invok$ indep5d5tly ( bodily pres5ce at a p>ticul> spot1 & = ! g5]al purpose ( help & protection1 n simply 9 ! ex]cise ( p>ticul> my?ological functions1 if x be less div]sifi$ is /ill1 ,i ?9k1 n less conclusive4 ,x is1 9 ! fir/ place1 suppli$ by ! tr9e invocation repeat$ly address$ to him toge!r ) ,jupit] & ,m9]va#abg3 #abg ,il4 ii4 #cga1 et alibi4 1 1 1 4 ,b ! g5]al capacity ( ,apollo1 l ,m9]va1 to receive pray]1 is demon/rat$ by ! language ( ,diom$ to ,hector 9 ! ,elev5? ,book1 :5 ,apollo 0 n on ! battlefield 7#cfc1 #d72 #8= ?is "t1 ,phbus ,apollo has deliv]$ y3 & d\btless y took c>e to pray to him1 :5 y v5tur$ )9 ! clang ( spe>s3' ' 1 1 4 #e4 ,we may n[ pass on to ano!r head ( special pr]ogatives4 ,exempt f appetite & limitations4 ,bo? ,m9]va & ,apollo are g5]ally exempt f ! physical limitations1 & f ! dom9ion ( appetite1 to :i* ! deities ( inv5tion are z g5]ally subject4 ,?\gh1 :5 a c]ta9 necessity is pr$icat$ ( ! gods 9 g5]al1 !y may be lit]ally includ$ )9 x1 we d n f9d t ! ,poet _h !m 9 8 eye ap>t f ! re/1 & ! p>ticul> liabilities & imp]fections are nev] imput$ to ei!r ( !m individually4 ,:at is said ( !m inclusively ) o!rs1 is 9 reality n said ( !m at all1 b only ( ! prevail+ disposition ( ! body to :i* !y belong3 j z we are told 9 ! ,iliad 7xi4 #gh71 t all ! gods 7 inc5s$ ) ,jupit] because ( 8 bias t[>ds ! ,trojans1 :5 we "k t x 0 9 reality only "s among !m1 ( ! greate/ weight & p[]4 ,nei!r ,apollo nor ,m9]va eats1 or dr9ks1 or sleeps1 or is we>i$1 or is w\nd$1 or suff]s pa91 or is sway$ by passion4 ,nei!r ( !m is ev] outwitt$ or delud$ by any deity ( inv5tion1 z ,v5us is1 & ev5 z ,jupit] is1 by ,juno 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad4 ,:5 ,m9]va1 9 ! %ape ( ,m5tor1 receives ! cup 9 ! ,pylian fe/ivities1 %e passes x on to ,telema*us1 b x is n /at$ t %e dr9ks ( x#abh4 ,) ?is comp>e ! meal ( ,m]cury on ! isl& ( ,calypso#abi1 ! invitation to ,iris to jo9 9 ! banquet ( ! ,w9ds1 & h] own fe> le/ %e %\ld lose h] %>e ( ! ,e?iopian hecatombs#acj4 #abh ,od4 iii4 #ea1 #fb4 #abi ,od4 v4 #ib-f4 #acj ,il4 xxiii4 #bjg4 ,_! relations to animal sacrifice are diff]5t f ^? ( ! o!r1 at lea/ ( ! inv5tive1 gods4 ,apollo1 inde$1 is *>g$ by ,juno ) hav+ att5d$ at ! m>riage ( ,!tis toge!r ) ! re/ ( ! gods1 :]e !y all banquet$#aca2 #aca ,il4 xxiv4 #fc4 ' & 9 ! ,?ird ,odyssey ,m9]va comes to att5d ! graci\s sacrifice ( ,ne/or (f]$ 9 h] hon\r#acb1 #acb ,od4 iii4 #dce4 ' 4 ,*ryses pleads ! p]=mance ( ! sacrificial rites1 z "o gr\nd ( fav\r ) ! god#acc3 9 :i*1 h[ev]1 he is1 aft] all1 only %[+ t he has n fail$ to dis*>ge ! positive obligations ( 8 (fice4 ,& ( c\rse ^! two 7 ! objects ( sacrifice l o!r deities4 ,_h !y n be5 s1 ! fact w\ld h be5 9 conflict ) _! traditional orig91 in/ead ( su/a9+ x4 ,!y /& 9 ! same category ) ! re/ ( ! ,olympian company1 9 t sacrifice is acceptable to !m all3 b fir/1 x is pla9 t !y are nev] said to take a s5sual pleasure 9 x2 & secondly1 x does n appe> t _! fav\r to individuals ei!r 0 f\nd$ ^u x1 or :5 lo/ c\ld be recov]$ by x4 ,x is re/itution1 & n sacrifice1 :i* is s\ght & dem&$ 9 ! case ( ,*ryses4 ,! moral "* ( ! :ole ( ^? proce$+s is emphatically & au?oritatively decl>$ by ,cal*as#acd1 #acc ,il4 i4 #dj4 #acd ,il4 i4 #ic4 ' ' ' 1 ' ,s ,diom$ & ,ulysses h ! close/ p]sonal relations ) ,m9]va2 b are n[h]e said to h acquir$ _! place 9 h] good-w by sacrifices3 ?\gh bo? ,apollo = ,hector1 & ,m9]va = ,ulysses1 plead 9 ! ,olympian c\rt1 be=e ! o!r gods1 ! sacrificial b\nty ( ^? h]oes respectively#ace4 ,nor d we "h re/ :olly ^u negative evid5ce4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,book1 ! sacrifice ( ! ,greeks to ,apollo1 by ! h&s ( ,*ryses1 is describ$ 9 ! fulle/ detail3 & ! ,poet tells u :at x 0 t ! god did take delight 92 x 0 ! ref9$ pleasure ( ! m9d & e>1 af=d$ to him by ! songs !y *ant$ be=e him all ! day 9 8 hon\r3 ' #acf4 ,fur!r1 ! contra/ may be drawn n ) div9ities ( _! own g5]ation only1 b ) ! long j\rneys ( ,neptune#acg = a fea/1 & ) ! m>k$ & app>5tly unv>y+ language ( ,jupit] himself4 #ace ,il4 xxiv4 #cc4 & ,od4 i4 #fj4 #acf ,il4 i4 #dgb-d4 #acg ,od4 i4 #bb-e4 ,!y receive sacrifice ) a dignity1 :i* does n belong to ! o!r deities4 ,:5 pray] & (f]+s are pres5t$ to ,jupit] by ! ,greeks1 & he means to refuse ! pray]1 x is add$1 t he not)/&+ took ! sacrifices#ach3 #ach ,il4 ii4 #dbj4 ' 1 ' 4 ,9 ! ne>ly p>allel case ( ,m9]va 7,il4 vii4 #caa471 x is simply /at$ t %e refus$ ! pray] ( ! ,trojans1 :ile no notice is tak5 ( _! promis$ (f]+s4 ,aga91 :5 ,m9]va _h be5 (f5d$ by ! ,greeks1 & ,agamemnon s\ght to appease h] ) hecatombs1 x is describ$ z a pro( ( 8 folly t he c\ld ent]ta9 su* an idea#aci3 #aci ,od4 iii4 #adc-f4 ' 4 ,) ?is we may contra/ ! case ( ,neptune1 :o _h ?reat5$ to ov]:elm ! city ( ! ,phacians ) a m\nta92 b :o is app>5tly div]t$ f 8 purpose simply by ! sacrifice :i*1 "u ! advice ( ,alc9\s1 !y (f] to him#adj4 #adj ,od4 xiii4 #afg-hc4 ,m]e attributes ( bulk /& at ! bottom ( ! scale ( ev5 human excell5ce2 & x is s t ,hom] treats !m1 giv+ !m 9 ! greate/ abundance to 8 ,otus1 8 ,ephialtes1 & 8 ,m>s4 ,m9]va has !m b indirectly assign$ to h]2 & :5 arm+ = w>1 ,apollo nev] receives !m at all4 ,:5 8 might is describ$1 x is always describ$ 9 ! l(tie/ mann]1 t is to say1 9 its effects2 & ef=t or ex]tion is nev] attribut$ to ei!r ( !m4 ,ev5 s ) respect to locomotion4 ,! highe/ picture by f> is t :i* is mo/ negative4 ,9 g5]al1 ,apollo & ,m9]va move )\t ! use ( means or in/rum5ts1 su* z w+s1 *>iots1 or o!rwise4 ,:ile ,neptune /eps1 & ,juno's horses spr+1 s _m miles at ea* pace1 ! j\rneys ( ,apollo & ,m9]va are usually undescrib$1 undi/ribut$4 ,m9]va is go+ f ,olympus to ,i?aca2 :5 %e has dep>t$1 !n %e has arriv$3 ' ' 1 #ada4 #ada ,od4 i4 #ajb1 #c4 ,only )9 ! la/ few ye>s h ! triumphs ( natural philosophy suppli$ u ) an approximative illu/ration ( ^! movem5ts ov] space1 9 ! m ?an lightn+ spe$ ( ! electric telegraph4 ,s ,apollo1 too1 has by p]sonal dignity :at ! mess5g] gods h by (fice4 ,x is said ( him & ,iris1 :5 9 company1 t _! j\rney began2 & t x end$3 ' ' #adb4 #adb ,il4 xv4 #aej4 ,on "o occasion1 h[ev]1 ,m9]va is repres5t$1 ev5 :5 unatt5d$ by any o!r deity1 z employ+ ! foot-w+s :i* ,m]cury commonly us$1 & !y are said to c>ry h]#adc3 #adc ,od4 i4 #ig4 1 ' ' ' 1 4 ,b !re are no /ages or int]m$iate po9ts ei!r "h or else:]e 9 h] j\rney4 ,) ! movem5ts ( ,apollo & ,m9]va1 ?us conceiv$ by ! ,poet1 we may d well to comp>e ^? ( ,m]cury 7,od4 v4 #ej-h71 ,neptune 7,il4 xiii4 #ag-ca71 & ,juno 7,il4 xiv4 #bbe-cj74 ,_! indep5d5t p[] ( puni%m5t4 #f4 ,aga91 an important diff]5ce prevails betwe5 ! diff]5t div9ities1 9 reg>d to ! conduct !y pursue :5 (f5d$ by mortals4 ,9 g5]al1 ?is is "o ( ! po9ts t prom95tly exhibits ! sov]eignty ( ,jupit]2 = ! common c\rse is to appeal to him1 & to obta9 retribution ei!r ) 8 p]mission or by 8 ag5cy4 ,n f great] self-w or a _s ( rebellion1 b f high] dignity & a c]ta9 sub/antiv5ess ( "* & position1 ,apollo & ,m9]va always appe> z act+ = & f !mselves1 9 v9dication ( _! (f5d$ pr]ogatives4 ,ev5 ,neptune1 :5 he is inc5s$ at ! erection ( ! unconsecrat$ ramp>t ( ! ,greek camp1 & fe>ful t x w eclipse ! r5[n ( 8 own h&iwork1 ! wall ( ,troy1 appeals to ,jupit] on ! subject1 & receives f him ! p]missive sugge/ion1 t he %\ld himself de/roy x s soon z ! w> is ov]#add4 ,he pursues a simil> c\rse1 :5 he is anxi\s to *a/ise ! ov]-boldness & m>itime success ( ! ,phacians#ade4 ,v5us1 w\nd$ by ,diom$1 does n ev5 by appeal attempt to obta9 r$ress#adf4 ,m>s1 9 ! same condition1 makes 8 compla9t1 bo? ( ,diom$ & ( ,m9]va1 to ,jupit]4 ,x is true t aft]w>ds1 on ! dea? ( 8 son1 he proposes to appe> on ! field ( battle3 b !n he is 9 a /ate ( fury#adg1 & is aw>e t ! act w\ld be "o ( rebellion aga9/ ,jupit]3 accord+ly1 x is rudely /opp$ by ,m9]va4 ,aga91 :5 ,dionysus & 8 nurses are attack$ by ,lycoorgus1 x is ,jupit] t /rikes ! (f5d] bl9d1 & 8 life is %ort because he 0 become hateful to ! gods#adh4 ,dionysus _h made no appeal2 b ,jupit] av5g$ ! insult to 8 ord]4 ,! ,sun1 aft] 8 ox5 h be5 eat5 by ! companions ( ,ulysses1 lodges 8 appeal ) ,jupit] & ! ,olympian ,c\ncil3 & 9 ?is case ,jupit] himself und]takes to give effect to ! wi%es ( ! (f5d$ lum9>y = v5geance#adi4 ,:5 ,aides1 or ,pluto1 repair$ to ,olympus aft] ! w\nd he _h receiv$ f ,h]cules1 ! presumption p]haps arises1 t x may h be5 n simply to obta9 ! heal+ h& ( ,paieon1 b also to move ,jupit] = r$ress4 #add ,il4 vii4 #dde4 #ade ,od4 xiii4 #abe-fd4 #adf ,v4 #ceb4 ibid4 #hga4 #adg ,il4 xv4 #aac4 #adh ,il4 vi4 #ace-dj4 #adi ,od4 xii4 #cgg & #chg4 ,!re are inde$ a c]ta9 set ( cases 9 :i* ! rule is probably diff]5t1 t is to say1 :5 a deity is ?w>t$ or (f5d$ 9 ! ex]cise ( 8 or h] own special function4 ,?us ,neptune1 ?\gh he w\ld n t\* ! ramp>t )\t leave1 yet ( 8 own m]e motion de/roys ,ajax :5 he is at sea4 ,v5us ?reat5s ,hel5 ) h] summ>y v5geance1 9 case ( prolong$ resi/ance to ! express$ comm& t %e %\ld repair to ! *amb] ( ,p>is4 ,! ,muses1 (f5d$ by ,?amyris#aej1 proce$ to maim him1 probably 9 voice or h&1 ! organs connect$ ) 8 pr(ession4 ,?is p[] to puni% )9 ea* p>ticul> prov9ce appe>s to =m an exception to ! g5]al rule4 ,x is probably "u ?is exceptional arrangem5t1 t ,diana proce$s t[>ds ! ,curetes1 9 ! ,leg5d ( ! ,n9? ,iliad3 b "s d\bt may hang ov] h] case on acc\nt ( ! fact1 t %e p>takes radically ( ! traditional1 z well z ( ! my?ological "*4 #aej ,il4 ii4 #eid-fjj4 ,x is common to r5d] bl9d3 b x w\ld be /range t ?is %\ld be meant1 s9ce bl9dness is associat$ 9 ! case ( ,demodocus ) conf]r+ ! gift ( song1 :i* "h is tak5 away 7,od4 vii4 #fd74 ,apollodorus 7i4 #c4 #c47 reports t ! ,muses _h ! p[] ( bl9d+ him by a previ\s agreem5t betwe5 him & !m4 ,! m natural con/ruction ( ! passage seems to be su* z ,i h v5tur$ to po9t at 9 ! text4 ,= bl9dness did n maim ,b>ds1 :o nei!r wrote nor read _! compositions4 ,(f5d$ by ! omission to include h] 9 ! hecatombs (f]$ to ! ,immortals1 %e s5ds a wild bo> to desolate ! c\ntry4 ,%e puts ,ariadne to dea? on ! application ( ,dionysus1 )\t any notice ( an appeal to ,jupit]4 ,9 bo? ^! cases %e may be act+ 9 virtue ( h] p>ticul> p[]s4 ,b :5 %e is mat*$ ) ,juno 9 ! ,!oma*y1 %e appe>s z utt]ly unequal to h] great antagoni/4 ,:5 ,apollo comes into view1 ! mode ( proce$+ is v diff]5t f t ( ! deities ( inv5tion4 ,apollo & ,diana at once de/roy ! *ildr5 ( ,niobe1 to av5ge ! insult %e _h (f]$ to _! "m3 & ?is case is ! m wor?y ( note1 because ,jupit]1 at a lat] /age1 p>ticipates 9 & ext5ds ! v5geance#aea4 ,b ! mo/ conspicu\s in/ance ( ! indep5d5t retributive action ( ,apollo is 9 ! ,plague ( ! ,fir/ ,book2 s9ce "h he wa/es ! army ( ! ,greeks1 to ! great p]il ( ! ent]prise promot$ by s _m p[]ful div9ities1 on acc\nt ( :at he e/eem$ a moral (f5ce1 & an outrage to 8 prie/ ,*ryses4 ,n[ x is to be rememb]$ t ! damsel _h suff]$ no peculi> wrongs3 ! :ole (f5ce consi/$ 9 ?is1 t1 be+ ! daught] ( a prie/ ( ,apollo1 at a place app>5tly insignificant1 %e _h n be5 on t acc\nt exempt$ f ! common lot ( wom51 b _h be5 treat$ j z %e w\ld h be5 treat$ _h %e be5 a k+'s daught]4 ,nor mu/ we =get1 9 appreciat+ ?is act1 t ! families ( prie/s _h no prie/ly privilege3 & t ,m>on paid to ,ulysses 7,od4 ix4 #bja-e7 a v h&some price = 8 own life1 toge!r ) t ( 8 wife & *ild4 #aea ,il4 xxiv4 #fje-i4 ,x is less easy to br+ out ! application ( ! rule n[ be=e u 9 ! case ( ,m9]va1 f ! paucity ( cle> in/ances 9 ! poems :]e %e p]sonally has receiv$ (f5ce4 ,!re is "o important case1 :]e h] wra? appe>s2 & x is !re describ$ z 1 & z #aeb4 ,h] "n1 & h] int]e/ 9 ?is affair1 are to "s ext5t mix$ ) ^? ( ,jupit]4 ,! ,poet tells u1 t ,jupit] design$ = ! ,greeks a calamit\s ,return1 #8s9ce !y 7 n all upright1 :]eupon _m ( !m mis]ably p]i%$ ?r\gh ! inexorable wra? ( ,m9]va4' ,& !n ! ord] is inv]t$3 ,agamemnon1 we are told1 project$ ! (f]+s1 t he might appease ! ang] ( ,m9]va1 & !reupon diss5sion arose1 = ,jupit] susp5d$ calamity ov] ! ho/4 ,x is cle> t1 s f> z ,m9]va is to be reg>d$ z hav+ receiv$ sep>ate & p]sonal (f5ce 9 ?is proce$+1 !re is no sign ( h] ref]r+ to ,jupit] = aid1 or = p]mission to puni% ! (f5d]s4 ,b ! case r appe>s to be "o 9 :i* ! ,poet is describ+ ! ,provid5tial ,gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 & 9 :i* ! int]mixture ( ! names ( ,jupit] & ( 8 daught] belongs to _! sy/em ( concurr5t action1 "u :i* %e %>es ) ,apollo ! (fice ( act+ z 8 habitual organ 9 adm9i/]+ retributive ju/ice to mank9d4 ,9 "o cle> in/ance1 h[ev]1 we f9d x /at$1 t :5 ! ,greeks (f5d$ ,m9]va1 %e puni%$ !m by a /orm 7,od4 v4 #ajh74 #aeb ,od4 iii4 #ace1 #ade4 ,!y use special attributes ( ,jupit]4 #g4 ,apollo & ,m9]va c>ry ?is among o!r notes1 t we f9d !m adm9i/]+ my?ological or natural p[]s1 :i* are o!rwise ! special prop]ty ( ,jupit]4 ,no o!r ,olympian deity1 b ,juno1 /&s inve/$ ) a simil> hon\r4 ,we sometimes f9d ! a]ial p[]s ( ,jupit] wield$ by h] h&4 ,b1 ) ! exception ( ! sort ( prec$5ce accord$ to h] on ,olympus1 9 virtue ( :i* ! gods rise f _! seats :5 %e ent]s _! company1 !re is no "o ( ! gifts t %e ex]cises1 :i* w\ld n appe> to lie )9 ! range ( ! (fices ( ,m9]va1 if n also ( ,apollo4 ,9 ! rem>kable case :]e %e ?und]s 9 hon\r ( ,agamemnon j aft] he has arm$1 x is record$ t ?is 0 ! jo9t act ( ! two div9ities1 ( :om1 on ?is occasion1 ,m9]va takes prec$5ce#aec3 #aec ,il4 xi4 #de4 ' 1 4 ,?is association is to be obs]v$ 9 ano!r passage1 :]e ^! goddesses jo9tly communicate c\rage to a w>rior4 ,b :5 we f9d !m associat$ 9 adm9i/]+ ! p[]s ( atmosph]ic ph5om5a1 x is obvi\s t we mu/ resort to diff]5t s\rces = ! means ( expla9+ ! respective ag5cies4 ,juno1 my?ologically relat$ to ,jupit] z a wife1 9 t capacity may1 )\t excit+ surprise1 take 9 h& :at belongs1 s to speak1 to ! mnage4 ,m9]va1 z a daught]1 has no su* claim2 & h] possession ( a /&+ gr\nd :i* enables h] to use ^! p[]s c only be expla9$ by a prior & m pr(\nd aff9ity ( traditional "*1 :i* makes h] ! organ ( ! supreme deity4 ,b :ile1 9 ! highe/ m>ks ( p[] adh]+ to ,juno1 ,m9]va seems ev]y:]e to vie ) h]1 !re are o!rs1 & ^? among ! mo/ /rictly *>act]i/ic ( ! head ( ,olympus1 9 :i* bo? ,m9]va & ,apollo %>e1 b :i* are n 9 any mann] imp>t$ to ,juno4 ,"o ( ! high *>act]i/ic epi!ts ( ,jupit] is 4 ,& we nev] he> ( ! gis out ( ! h&s ( ,jupit]1 except x be 9 ^? ( ,m9]va1 or ( ,apollo4 ,! gis is ! peculi> arm ( ,m9]va2 app>5tly1 x belongs to h]2 & f ! description ( x 9 ! ,fif? ,iliad1 x appe>s to be ! c\nt]p>t1 on h] side1 ( ! *>iot on ! side ( ,juno#aed4 ,! tunic %e puts on1 h[ev]1 is ! tunic ( ,jupit]1 & ! ,gorgon head ^u x is 8 sign3 :ile ! %ield %e c>ries is n to be assail$ ev5 by 8 ?und]bolt#aee3 #aed ,il4 v4 #gce-db4 #aee ,il4 xxi4 #dja4 4 ,aga91 ! ,fifte5? ,book ( ! ,iliad1 ,jupit] intru/s ,apollo ) 8 own gis1 t he may wave x on ! field ( battle to intimidate ! ,greeks#aef4 #aef ,il4 xv4 #bbi4 ,p>tly 9 ! relation ( ,m9]va to ,m>s1 :om %e puni%es or controls1 b m peculi>ly 9 ! use ( ! magnific5t symbol ( ! gis by ,m9]va & ,apollo1 we appe> to f9d t developm5t ( ! m>tial "* :i* has be5 m5tion$ above z includ$ among ! ,jewi% ascriptions to ! ,messiah4 ,proximate to1 b ext5d+ beyond1 ! la/ nam$ di/9ction1 !re is a function my?ologically conf9$ to ,jupit] ?r\gh\t ! poems1 ) two exceptions only4 ,! function is t ( giv+ indications1 palpable to m51 ( com+ ev5ts1 by ! flight ( birds 9 _m in/ances1 b likewise by atmosph]ic signs4 ,?is p[] is di/+ui%$1 by its connection ) ! future1 f a m]e p[] ov] nature4 ,! exceptions are ,apollo & ,m9]va4 ,! =m] deity is 9 g5]al m l>gely end[$ ?an ,m9]va 9 reg>d to ! future1 ?\gh a less conspicu\s figure 9 ! direction ( ! pres5t4 ,/ill %e p>takes1 ) him & ) ,jupit]1 ( ?is peculi> hon\r4 ,on ! return ( ,telema*us to ,i?aca !re appe>s to him ! bird call$ ! :eel+ falcon#aeg1 #aeg ,od4 xv4 #ebf4 1 1 s5t by ,apollo z an om5 ( success to himself1 & ( confusion to ! ,suitors4 ,9 ! f9al crisis ( ! ,odyssey1 :i* is d\btless meant to exhibit a normal example ( ,provid5tial retribution1 x seems to h be5 ! object ( ! ,poet to divide ! !urgic action betwe5 ,m9]va & ,apollo1 z jo9t adm9i/rators ( ! g5]al gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,to ,m9]va1 z ! goddess ( wisdom1 falls :at may be call$ ! intellectual %>e#aeh1 ! actual in/ruction & guidance ( ,ulysses1 ,p5elope1 & ,telema*us1 z well z ! bewild]+ & h>d5+ op]ations on ! m9ds ( ! ,suitors4 ,special arrangem5ts appe>1 h[ev]1 to h be5 introduc$1 s z to make a correspond+ place = ,apollo4 ,h5ce x is t ,!oclym5us1 z ! repres5tative ( a great prophetic family1 is br\ght into ! company ( ,telema*us1 t he may become ! organ ( ,apollo 9 ! rema9+ "p ( ! drama4 ,?is is ! m rem>kable1 because ,!oclym5us does n repay ! fri5dly aid he _h receiv$ by tak+ "p 9 ! f9al /ruggle on ! side ( ,telema*us2 s t 8 %>e 9 ! proce$+ /&s out ! m conspicu\sly z "o altoge!r !urgic4 ,9 coop]ation ) ?is arrangem5t1 x is provid$ t ! crisis %all come to pass on ! fe/ival ( ! god1 & t ! mann] ( trial1 by ! ,b[1 %all place x especially "u 8 auspices4 #aeh ,%e has also m9or int]positions3 see ,od4 xxii4 #bje1 #bef1 #bgc1 #big4 ,9 ! magnific5t passage ( ! ,tw5tie? ,book#aei1 :i* describes ! phantasmagoria 9 ! palace ( ,ulysses1 imm$iately be=e ! trial ( ! ,b[1 !re are two p>ts4 ,fir/1 ! m9ds ( ! ,suitors are befool$ 7 74 ,secondly1 ! hall is fill$ ) s5sible port5ts3 pret]natural night envelopes ! company1 ! walls & beams are blood-bespatt]$1 phantoms glide along ) d[nw>d movem5t1 z on _! way to ,erebus1 ! v meat !y eat is gory1 _! eyes are *>g$ ) involunt>y te>s1 _! lips ) unnatural smiles4 ,( all ?is ! ann\ncem5t is made by ,!oclym5us1 a trait :i* ,i int]pret z ref]r+ ! array ( ! ph5om5a to 8 ma/] ,apollo4 ,to him is ?us giv5 t "p ( ! op]ation :i* lies )9 ! doma9 ( s5se3 :ile ! purely intellectual "o1 t ( /upefy+ ! ,suitors1 is expressly assign$ to ,m9]va4 #aei ,od4 xx4 #cde-ga4 ,b ,m9]va has likewise ! p[] ov] signs1 :i* is enjoy$ by ,jupit] & ,apollo4 ,z ,diom$ & ,ulysses are sett+ out on _! nocturnal exp$ition 9 ! ,t5? ,iliad1 ,m9]va s5ds ! app>ition ( a h]on to *e] !m#afj3 !y d n see x1 on acc\nt ( ! d>kness2 b !y he> ! flapp+ ( its w+s4 #afj ,il4 x4 #bgd4 ,m9]va's patronage ( ! h]on 0 probably connect$ ) h] m>tial "*3 = x appe>s t 9 ,sanscrit ! ^w ,sc&ha signifies bo? w> & also ! h]on4 7,wels=d on ! ,engli% ,language1 p #aeb47 ,x has accord+ly attract$ ! att5tion ( ,ngelsba*#afa1 t ! p[] ( exhibit+ signs is conf9$ to ,jupit]1 ,juno1 ,apollo1 & ,m9]va3 ?\gh he has n proce$$ to comb9e ?is ) o!r di/9ctions1 at lea/ equally rem>kable1 enjoy$ by ! two latt] div9ities4 #afa ,hom4 ,!ol4 iv4 #af1 p4 #adg4 ,i h n1 x w be obs]v$1 reckon$ z a 1 or sign ( ! future1 ! case 9 :i* ,juno end[s ! horses ( ,a*illes ) ! gift ( spee*3 because x appe>s t ! pr$iction ( _! ma/]'s dea? is _! own2 & t %e only removes ! b>ri] to its expression#afb4 ,%e /&s1 !re=e1 9 a diff]5t position to t ( ,apollo & ,m9]va4 #afb ,il4 xix4 #djd-g4 ,see inf4 ,sect4 iii4 on ,juno4 ,_! dom9ion ov] ,nature4 #i4 ,?is comm&1 h[ev]1 ov] natural port5ts may be view$ z "p ( a g5]al dom9ion ov] nature1 ( :i* ! mo/ v>i$ manife/ation is 9 ,m9]va4 ,x is true t1 9 common ) mo/ ( ! ,olympian deities1 %e does n ext5d h] action f ! inn]1 or ,greek1 into ! g5]al range ( ! out]1 or ,phnician _w4 ,nor does ,apollo4 ,b we h cle> pro( t ?is 0 by a poetical arrangem5t1 & n f a lack ( div9e p[]3 s9ce 7#a7 %e does act 9 ,s*]ia1 & assi/s 9 br++ ,ulysses to ! %ore ( t isl&3 7#b7 ! class ( are f\nd among ! ,cyclops3 7#c7 ,calypso is am5able to ! comm& ( ! ,olympian c\rt1 & speaks ( h]self z belong+ to ! same wide class ( deities ) ,aurora & ,c]es4 7#d7 ,m9]va assigns a special reason1 namely1 reg>d t[>ds h] uncle ,neptune1 = n hav+ accompani$ ,ulysses all along 8 voyage 7,od4 xiii4 #cda74 ,! p[] ( ,m9]va ov] nature seems to be univ]sal 9 k9d z well z 9 place4 #a4 ,%e & ,apollo assume ! human =m 9 common ) o!r deities3 b ,i d n f9d t ! gods 9 g5]al become visible to "o p]son )\t be+ visible to all4 ,m9]va 9 ! ,fir/ ,iliad 7#aih7 reveals h]self only to ,a*illes4 ,x seems z if1 9 ,il4 xvii4 #cba-cd1 ,hom] meant t ,apollo did ! same to neas4 ,! recognition ( ,v5us by ,hel51 ,i take z mo/ probably a sign ( no?+ m ?an t ! case 0 "o ( disguise1 r ?an ( trans=mation#afc4 #afc ,il4 iii4 #cif4 #b4 ,apollo frames an 1 or image ( a man1 :i* moves & fights#afd1 repres5t+ neas on ! battle field3 & ,m9]va frames an ( ,iph?ime1 to appe> 9 a dream to h] si/] ,p5elope1 & to convey to h] a revelation ( ,m9]va's w#afe4 ,?is p[] is ex]cis$ by ! two div9ities exclusively4 #afd ,il4 v4 #ddi4 #afe ,od4 iv4 #gif1 #hbf4 #c4 ,m9]va on _m occasions assumes ! %ape ( a bird#aff3 sometimes 9 common ) ,apollo#afg4 ,ino ,leuco!e1 ! m>9e goddess1 becomes a wat]-bird1 & takes ! =m ( ! bird ,*alcis1 :5 he has to act ^u ,jupit]4 ,bo? ^! op]ations may probably be consid]$ z belong+ to ! special functions ( ^! ag5ts3 ) ,apollo & ,m9]va1 ! p[] appe>s to belong to a g5]al supremacy ov] nature1 :i* ! o!r ,olympian deities d n %>e4 #aff ,il4 xix4 #cea4 ,od4 i4 #cbj4 et alibi4 #afg ,il4 vii4 #ei4 #d4 ,! trans=mations & retrans=mations ( ,ulysses 9 ,i?aca by ,m9]va1 appe> to indicate "s organic p[] ov] matt] & life4 ,x is n ! appe>ance b ! reality ( 8 p]son t is /at$ to be *ang$4 ,n only is ! sk9 wr9kl$ & ! eye d>k5$1 b ! hairs are de/roy$4 ,!y are aft]w>ds re/or$1 & 8 /ature is increas$4 ,9 l mann] %e gives increas$ height to ,p5elope1 & aga9 to ,la]tes#afh4 #afh ,od4 xiii4 #dbi-ch4 xvi4 #agb1 #dee4 xviii4 #fi1 & xxii4 #aef-fb2 ,od4 xviii4 #aie4 xxiv4 #cfi4 ,z respects p[] ov] inanimate nature1 we h se5 ,m9]va jo9$ ) ,juno 9 ! act ( ?und]+4 ,%e c ord] out a rattl+ zephyr 771 or simply a t[>d breeze1 or aga9 a /iff ,boreas 771 to spe$ h] fri5d across ! ma9#afi3 &1 z ,juno accel]at$ ! sett+ ( ! sun be=e ,troy1 s ,m9]va =bids ! dawn to appe> 9 ,i?aca1 until1 :5 %e ?9ks ! prop] "t has come1 %e )draws ! prohibition#agj4 #afi ,od4 ii4 #dbj4 xv4 #bib4 v4 #che4 #agj ,od4 xxiii4 #bdc-f4 ,nor is ! p[] ( ,m9]va ov] nature = purposes ( wra? less cle> ?an = purposes ( fav\r3 s9ce ,m]cury tells ,calypso t1 inasmu* z ! ,greeks _h (f5d$ h]1 %e s5t a /orm ^u !m#aga1 #aga ,od4 v4 #ajh4 1 ' 4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ,ulysses & 8 companions h propitiat$ ,apollo on behalf ( ! ,greek army1 !n he s5ds !m a t[>d breeze = _! return to ! camp#agb4 ,b we h a /ill m notable in/ance ( miracul\s p[] ov] nature ascrib$ to ,apollo1 ov] & above ! sublime port5ts ( ! ,tw5tie? ,odyssey1 9 ! conv]sion ( ! m\?s ( ! eight ,idan riv]s = n9e :ole days to efface ! ,greek ramp>t#agc4 ,to ,neptune is left ! task ( re/or+ !m to _! *annels3 p]haps on ! same pr9ciple z ! treatm5t ( ,juno1 relatively to ,m9]va1 9 ! prep>ation & use ( ! *>iot#agd4 #agb ,il4 i4 #dgi4 #agc ,il4 xii4 #bd1 #cb4 #agd ,il4 v4 #g4 ,we h n yet1 h[ev]1 done ) ! subject ( p[]s ex]cis$ ov] nature4 ,relation ( ,apollo toge!r ) ,diana to ,dea?4 ,! mo/ prom95t & po9t$ *>act]i/ic ( ,apollo is "o %>$ ) 8 si/] ,diana4 ,x is ! my/]i\s relation :i* ^! two deities hold 9 common to dea?4 ,! ,messianic tradition1 fir/ divid$ betwe5 ,apollo & ! great ,m9]va1 is n[ subdivid$ betwe5 him & 8 si/] ,diana1 :o =ms a k9d ( supplem5t to 8 div9ity4 ,! b[ & arr[s1 ! symbol :i* !y be> 9 common1 m>ks ! orig9al union 9 "*1 out ( :i* _! tw9 peculi>ities _h gr[n4 ,apollo1 inde$1 z we see 9 ! fir/ ,book ( ! ,iliad1 c\ld himself become1 l 8 si/]1 ! imm$iate ag5t 9 ! de/ruction ( animals3 b 8 pr9cipal function is ) m54 ,h5ce ! t]rible slaught] ( ! ,plague3 h5ce 8 extraord9>y & o!rwise unsatisfactory p>ticipation 9 ! dea? ( ,patroclus3 h5ce1 above all1 ?\gh he is n ! patron ( ,ulysses1 & has no special connection ) him1 yet ! slaught] ( ! ,suitors 9 ! ,odyssey is appo9t$ to take place on 8 fe/ival1 & !re=e1 z well z because x is effect$ by ! ,b[1 "u 8 auspices4 ,b aga92 8 (fice is n ( a s+le aspect3 he is a savi\r f dea?1 z well z a de/roy]4 ,h5ce x is he1 & n ,v5us1 :o saves neas#age3 x is he :o c>ries ,hector out ( dang]#agf4 ,yet a ?ird1 & v peculi> =m ( 8 (fice d we discov]1 common to him & to 8 si/]4 ,%e is ^u occasion /rong en\gh to ex]cise ! (fice ( de/ruction prop]ly s call$#agg1 = sometimes %e slays 9 wra?4 ,b m usually1 z he does = m51 s %e m especially ex]cises = wom5 ! my/]i\s function ( adm9i/]+ pa9less & g5tle dea?4 #age ,il4 v4 #dde4 #agf ,il4 xv4 #bfb4 #agg ,il4 vi4 #bje1 #dbh4 xxi4 #dhd4 ,od4 xi4 #cbd4 xv4 #dgh4 ,?is s+ul> & solemn relation ( ,apollo & ,diana to dea? appe>s to h an entirely exclusive "* atta*+ to x4 ,!re is a cle> di/9ction betwe5 dea? inflict$ by ! symbolical arr[s ( ^! tw9 deities1 :i* are ! symbols ( an invisible ,p[]1 & dea? result+ f physical or any o!r palpable causes1 :e!r x be viol5t1 or :at we t]m natural4 ,i d n n[ speak ( ! ag5cy ( ,apollo ! de/roy] 9 7:at we call7 ! ,plague1 nor ( 8 slay+ ,eurytus on acc\nt ( a p]sonal insult 7,od4 viii4 #bbg71 b ( ! mu* m di/9ctive & prom95t (fice assign$ to him & to ,diana1 t ( 7s to speak7 tak+ ! /+ f ,dea?4 ,dea? by disease1 ,dea? by a brok5 he>t#agh1 ,dea? by %ipwreck1 or by ! lightn+ ( heav5#agi1 or by ! fury ( ,scam&]1 :irl+ w>riors to ! sea1 & bury+ !m 9 ! s& & %+le#ahj1 are matt]s altoge!r di/9ct f ?is4 ,dea? ?r\gh second causes1 ev5 man c br+ ab\t3 ,dea? )\t second causes is palpably ,div9e2 & ?is x is t is assign$ to ,apollo & ,diana only among ! ,hom]ic gods4 ,!re is no in/ance1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 9 :i* any o!r among !m br+s ab\t ! dea? ( a mortal1 o!rwise ?an by means ( second causes4 ,& !re is "o curi\s passage1 f :i* x w\ld appe> t "s o!r deities _h to apply to !m 9 ord] to set 9 motion ?is ,div9e pr]ogative4 ,= :5 ,!seus 0 c>ry+ ,ariadne to ,a!ns1 %e did n rea* h] j\rney's end3 #agh ,od4 xi4 #aih-bjc4 #agi ,od4 v4 #abg4 #ahj ,il4 xxi4 #cah-ba4 1 #aha4 #aha ,od4 xi4 #cbd4 ,a p]iod 0 put to h] life 9 ! isl& ( ,dia1 by ! goddess ,artemis1 at ! in/ance ( ,dionysus4 ,z if ! tradition bore1 t ,dionysus or ,bac*us1 desir+ h] dea?1 & hav+ at 8 comm& no natural ag5cy ( mortal effect1 0 oblig$ to apply to ,artemis or ,diana to br+ ab\t ?is purpose4 ,! great enemy & sc\rge ( mank9d1 "u ! treatm5t ( ! tw9 deities1 is /ripp$ ( 8 t]rors2 & ! v v]se ( ,hom]1 ev] responsive to 8 ?\ght1 *anges to an easy & fl[+ movem5t z he describes ?is mode ( passage f ! _w#ahb3 #ahb ,cf4 ,il4 xix4 #ei4 ,od4 xviii4 #bja4 xx4 #fa4 ' 4 ,nor is ! expression casual2 x is "o ( ! regul> ,hom]ic =mul4 ,sometimes %e dis*>ges ?is (fice 9 actual concurr5ce ) ,apollo4 ,! happy isl&1 :]e ,eumu pass$ 8 *ildhood1 knew nei!r fam9e nor disease3 b :5 its p rea*$ ! t]m ( _! old age1 !n#ahc #ahc ,od4 xv4 #djg-aa4 4 ,aga91 :5 ! corpse ( ,hector is by pret]natural ag5cy re/or$1 aft] ! lac]ations x _h und]gone1 to integrity & fre%ness1 x is said to h become l to ! body ( him ^u :om ,apollo has come1 & put him to dea? ) 8 t5d] d>ts#ahd4 ,! god has a sword1 inde$1 :i* mu/ app]ta9 to 8 de/roy+ (fice4 ,b 8 sword1 & 8 only1 among all we he> (1 is =m$ ( gold1 4 ,! epi!t has probably be5 *os5 f its aff9ity to ,light4 #ahd ,il4 xxiv4 #gec4 ,among ! in/ances 9 :i* ,diana m9i/]s to dea?1 !re are _m :]e %e cle>ly ex]cises a mitigat+ & fav\r+ ag5cy2 & ?is may probably be signifi$ 9 ne>ly all4 ,ev5 ( ! *ildr5 ( ,niobe#ahe x may be meant1 t !y 7 ?us g5tly remov$1 ! innoc5t causes ( _! "m's pride2 :ile %e 0 res]v$ = heavi] puni%m5t1 & doom$ to weep et]nally 9 /one4 #ahe ,il4 xxiv4 #fjf4 ,laodamia is an exception3 see ,il4 vi4 #bje4 ,9 consid]+ :at may h be5 ! e>ly traditional s\rce ( ^! rem>kable attributes ( ! *ildr5 ( ,latona1 we %\ld tread s(tly & c>efully1 = we are on v sacr$ gr\nd4 ,b we seem to see 9 !m ! traces ( ! =m ( ,"o1 :o1 z an all-conqu]+ ,k+1 0 to be t]rible & de/ructive to ,8 enemies1 b :o 0 also1 on behalf ( mank9d1 to take away ! /+ f ,dea?1 & to *ange its iron b& = a ?read ( silk5 slumb]4 ,! %>e ( ,messianic tradition accord$ 9 ?is p>ticul> prov9ce to ,m9]va appe>s1 z has already be5 obs]v$1 to consi/ 9 h] peculi> p[] )9 ! realm ( ,aidoneus himself4 ,indep5d5ce ( second causes4 #aj4 ,la/ly1 we appe> to f9d1 t 9 ! conduct ( ^? op]ations 9 :i* _! p[] ov] ,nature is exhibit$1 ,m9]va & ,apollo are n ti$ d[n1 or at lea/ are n ti$ d[n 9 ! same degree ) ! o!r deities g5]ally1 to ! use ( in/rum5ts or symbols4 ,we f9d t ,neptune1 :5 he has to inspire c\rage into ! two ,ajaxes1 /rikes !m1 7,il4 xiii4 #ei47 ,z an accompany+ significant act1 ( a nature t5d+ by itself to produce ! result1 ?is greatly weak5s ! =ce ( ! passage 9 pro( ( div9e or extraord9>y p[]4 ,9 l mann]1 :5 ! same div9ity conv]ts ! %ip ( ! ,phacians into a rock1 he drives x d[nw>d ) 8 h&#ahf4 #ahf ,od4 xiii4 #afd4 ,b ,apollo p]=ms no su* outw>d act :5 he infuses c\rage into ,hector1 or into ,glaucus2 or :5 he heals ! w\nds ( ! latt] *iefta9#ahg4 #ahg ,il4 xv4 #bfb4 xvi4 #ebh-i4 ,s likewise1 :5 ,m9]va alt]s ! p]sonal appe>ance ( ,telema*us1 ,ulysses1 ,la]tes1 or ,p5elope1 by improv+ x1 %e uses no sign or m9i/rative act4 ,only :5 %e effects an organic ?\gh p>tial trans=mation 9 ! case ( ,ulysses#ahh does %e /rike him ) h] w&3 b !n ?is total trans=mation is an ex]cise ( p[]1 ( :i* we h no o!r example among ! ,olympian deities4 ,aga91 :5 ,m9]va f9ally end[s ! h]o ) height5$ beauty ( figure & c\nt5ance1 x is done )\t ! use ( any visible sign :atev]#ahi4 #ahh ,od4 xiii4 #dbi4 xvi4 #agb1 #dee4 #ahi ,od4 xxiii4 #aef-fc4 ,?is employm5t ( in/rum5ts is1 9 fact1 susceptible ( two significations4 ,!y may be1 l ! tok5s ( ,jupit]1 int5d$ to act ^u ! s5ses ( m54 ,b :]e !y h n ?is mean+1 !re is a decid$ t5d5cy to convey ! conception ( ! in/rum5t z be+ itself ! p[] :i* ! deity m]ely directs & applies4 ,?us x is 9 ! ce/us ( ,v5us & ! w& ( ,m]cury t ! div9e en]gy resides#aij1 n less ?an x is 9 ! h]bs ( ,paieon & 9 ! fire ( ,vulcan4 ,s t any exemption f ! use ( ^! symbols is a sign ( belong+ to a high ord] ( deity4 #aij ,ngelsba*1 i4 #be4 ,sup]iority ( _! moral /&>d4 ,we n[ approa* ! ?ird & la/ division ( ?is subject2 namely1 ^? po9ts ( di/9ction :i* mo/ ess5tially belong to ! moral tone & p]sonal "* ( ^! two great div9ities4 ,_! moral /&>d is conspicu\sly rais$ above t ( ! ,olympian family 9 g5]al4 ,x p>takes inde$1 z we might expect1 ( ta9t4 ,ea* has begun to give way2 & ea* 9 ! way adapt$ to _! sev]al relations ) man & woman's nature respectively4 ,apollo's "* has j begun to be t\*$ by lic5ti\sness3 & ! "* ( ,m9]va is n above condesc5sion to deceit4 ,%e is n[h]e1 h[ev]1 associat$ ei!r directly or indirectly1 9 ^w or act1 ) any?+ impure4 ,! conte/ ( beauty1 9 :i* ,p>is 0 ! judge1 is m5tion$ by ,hom]#aia3 b ! notice1 a v succ9ct "o1 ?\gh n q 9 keep+ ) h] highe/ dignity1 does n imply any deviation f h] elevat$ *a/ity4 ,nei!r ( ,juno1 nor ( ,!tis1 c ! same virtue be fully pr$icat$3 bo? ( !m1 ?\gh 9 diff]5t modes1 are br\ght into imm$iate contact ) ! subject ( s5sual passion4 #aia ,il4 xxiv4 #bg-cj4 ,pallas is1 9 tru?1 no less *a/e ?an ,diana3 b h] purity is absorb$ 9 ! dazzl+ spl5d\r ( h] augu/ pr]ogatives1 :ile x is m obs]v$ 9 ! ,huntress-maid1 because x is ! mo/ sali5t & di/+ui%$ po9t 9 h] "*4 ,9 ! po/-,hom]ic1 b yet e>ly1 hymn to ,v5us1 ?ree be+s alone 9 ! wide univ]se are decl>$ to be exempt f h] sway4 ,"o ( !m is ,he/ie1 :o repres5ts ! imp]sonation ( ! m>riage bond & ! family life1 & ^: exemption !re=e te/ifies directly to ! nature ( ! dom9ion f :i* x frees h]4 ,! o!r two privileg$ be+s are ,pallas & ,diana#aib4 #aib ,hymn4 ad ,v54 #h1 #af4 ,! "* ( ,apollo 9 ?is respect is by "s degrees less elevat$3 = he is an enjoy+ spectator ( ! sc5e describ$ by ! c]ta9ly lic5ti\s lay ( ,demodocus 9 ! ,eigh? ,odyssey1 f :i* ! goddesses 9 a body abs5t !mselves4 ,9 ! leg5d1 too1 ( ! ,n9? ,iliad we f9d t ,apollo c>ri$ (f ! daught] ( ,m>pessa1 aft]w>ds nam$ by h] p>5ts ,alcyone3 b ?is passage1 we %all see1 is susceptible ( an int]pretation1 :i* gives x ano!r con/ruction1 & "o c]ta9ly f> m agreeable to ! g5]al "* ( ?is div9ity4 ,! epi!t enjoy$ by ! ,hom]ic ,diana1 expressive ( purity1 is accord$ by s*ylus#aic 7^: accuracy & tru?fulness (t5 recall ^? ( ,hom]7 to ,apollo2 #aic s*4 ,suppl4 #bbb4 ' ' ' 4 ,& "h ! "q arises1 h[ did x happ5 t1 :ile ! elem5t ( purity 0 /rictly pres]v$ 9 ! tradition ( ! ,wisdom1 x 0 lo/ 9 ! tw9 tradition ( ! ,se$ ( ! woman8 ,! ,wisdom naturally1 :5 imp]sonat$1 assum$ ! fem99e =m4 ,n[ ! "* ( woman seems to be 9 itself bett] f5c$ aga9/ impurity ?an t ( man4 ,h] comp>atively dep5d5t condition1 & ! m direct op]ation ( h] failure 9 ?is respect on ! m>riage tie ?r\gh ! disorganization ( ! family1 h _h a fur!r influ5ce 9 giv+ an additional /r+5cy to ! ideas ( mank9d ) respect to h] obs]vance ( ?is virtue2 a /r+5cy n ! less real1 because x exemplifies ! p>tial adm9i/ration ( a law ess5tially j1 nor because x has become r less conspicu\s s9ce ! ,gospel laid d[n ) rig\r1 ^u high] gr\nds1 "o law = all4 ,?us x rema9$ possible to conceive a woman *a/e1 aft] ! conditions ( t idea _h be5 almo/ lo/ 9 connection ) ! /&>d ( excell5ce 9 ! o!r sex3 & ?is virtue1 bani%$ f ! e>? 9 g5]al1 /ill f\nd "h & !re1 ev5 d[n to ! ftid corruption ( ! "t ( ,m>tial#aid1 a la/ refuge 9 individual cases ( unta9t$ womanhood4 ,?is c\rse ( ?\ght & feel+ is exemplifi$ 9 ! ,m9]va ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 #aid ,epigr4 x4 #fc4 ,yet ! idea 0 n simply ext+ui%$ 9 ! tw9 tradition1 ( :i* ,apollo is ! *ief repres5tative4 ,subm]g$ 9 him1 a home is f\nd = x 9 ! appropriate =m ( ,diana z 8 si/]4 ,! p[] & maje/y ( ?is =m ( ! ,messianic tradition fall *iefly to 8 %>e3 %e reta9s :at 0 !n1 to ! %ame ( our race1 ?\ght its less preci\s +r$i5t1 fre$om f s5sual ta9t4 ,apollo w\ld h be5 its natural vehicle3 b 9 him1 = ! reason t he 0 a man1 x 0 p]haps to ! ,greek m9d inconceivable3 a new vehicle 0 ei!r fram$1 or adapt$1 9 ord] to c>ry x3 ! idea ( ! great ,deliv]] t %\ld be born 0 ?us dis9tegrat$1 l o!r traditions1 & l o!r hi/orical *>act]s1 :i* m5 c\ld n s readily embrace 9 _! integrity4 ,z ?is is ! fir/ po9t 9 ! discussion at :i* we h enc\nt]$ an actual in/ance ( ?is dis9tegration1 x may be well to expla9 ! mean+ ,i atta* to ! t]m4 ,dis9tegration ( traditions4 ,x seems indubitable1 t moral comb9ations1 :i* are intelligible z well z cr$ible to "o age1 may become incr$ible to ano!r4 ,j z !re are individual m5 at e epo*1 :o _c believe 9 g5]osity & elevation ( "*1 because !y h 9 !mselves no mirror :i* c reflect su* qualities2 s a g5]ation rul$ by m debas$ ideas _c compreh5d :at ano!r1 influ5c$ by less impure t5d5cies1 c\ld readily embrace4 ,on ! same pr9ciple1 ! ,gospel gives n to ! sagaci\s1 b to ! #8pure 9 he>t1' ! greate/ triumph ( m5tal vision1 namely1 t #8!y %all see ,god#aie4' #aie ,/4 ,matt4 v4 #h4 ,accord+ly1 :5 x happ5s t a tradition becomes un9telligible to ! m9d ( a giv5 p1 x is lo/4 ,x may be lo/ by ! disappe>ance ev5 ( its outw>d =m & %ell4 ,or x may be lo/ by ! alt]ation ( its mean+ :ile its words are reta9$4 ,or ! "w ( de/ruction may take ano!r turn3 x may be lo/ by be+ torn into pieces2 ! effect be+ t "o old tradition disappe>s1 & m ?an "o p>tial sub/itute = x is creat$4 ,! highe/ fraud & ! highe/ =ce appe> to h be51 accord+ to orig9al tradition1 jo9$ 9 ! ,evil ,"o3 !y 7 sep>at$ 9 ! ,grecian =ms (#aif t tradition4 ,! ,apollo ( ,hom] 0 /ill "o1 ) a great div]sity ( gifts2 b my?ological solecisms 7 already app>5t 9 8 "*1 l cracks 9 a /ately build+4 ,?is1 too1 0 settl$ by dis9tegration2 & 9 ! lat] my?ology !re 7 _m ,apollos3 o!r causes probably concurr+ to ext5d ! multiply+ process4 #aif ,inf4 ,sect4 iii4 ,! same op]ation took effect ^u ! traditions ( human "*4 ,hom]1 ) ! f9e/ p[]s ( light & %ade1 has repres5t$ ,hel5 z err+1 & z p5it5t4 ,! moral s5se ( lat]1 less simple1 & m deeply corrupt$1 times became imp]vi\s to a balanc$ conception ( ?is k9d4 ,accord+ly1 ! "o ,hel5 0 torn into two1 & suppli$ mat]ial bo? = ! guilty ,hel51 or ( ,hel51 at ,troy1 & = ! innoc5t ,hel5 deta9$ 9 ,egypt4 ,9 l mann]1 x became a "q1 probably fir/ :5 ,a!ns _h gr[n great1 h[ ,m9os c\ld on ! "o h& be great & wise1 & c\ld on ! o!r h made w> & impos$ tribute ^u ,attica4 ,h5ce ! fable ( two ,m9oses#aig3 s t ^? :o v5]at$ ! anci5t traditions ( ,crete might /ill be all[$ to *]i% _! pi\s s5tim5t1 :ile1 ^u ! o!r h&1 ! ,a!nian dramati/s might ex]cise a f]tile imag9ation 9 inv5t+ circum/ances ( horror = ! biography ( ! piratical enemy ( _! c\ntry4 #aig ,hck's ,creta1 vol4 ii4 ,x 01 ,i conceive1 an e>ly example ( ?is dis9tegration1 :i* divid$ betwe5 ,apollo & ,diana diff]5t memb]s ( a primitive ,messianic tradition4 ,&1 :5 we aga9 comb9e ! two p]sonalities ( ! bro!r & ! si/] 9 "o1 ! tradition resumes its complet5ess & r\ndness4 ,x is likely t ! same m5tal process1 :i* ?us deposit$ ! elem5t ( *a/ity 9 ! p]son ( ! comp>atively feeble ,diana1 also conf]r$ on h] ! figure ( ! ,huntress-,que54 ,= ?us %e liv$ 9 seclusion f ! ways & haunts ( man3 & x 0 only by seclusion t %e c\ld be kept 9 maid5 innoc5ce4 ,b al?\gh ! logical turn ( ! ,greek m9d soon came to place ,apollo 9 morally disadvantage\s contra/1 "u ?is p>ticul> head1 bo? ) 8 si/] & ) ,pallas1 he may be fav\rably comp>$ ) ! o!r ,hom]ic gods4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! tradition t he 0 un%orn 771 :i* is evid5tly int5d$ to connect him ) ! innoc5ce ( y\?4 ,& 9 ,hom]1 unless x be by ! leg5d ( ! ,n9? ,iliad1 he is unh>m$ by connection ) any ( ^? relations :i* assign to ,jupit]1 ,neptune1 ,m>s1 & ,m]cury1 human *ildr5 z ! fruit ( _! indulg5ce4 ,leg5d ( ,m>pessa4 ,! reasons :i* lead me to suppose t ! leg5d ( ,m>pessa is n ( a s5sual "* are ^!4 ,! words us$ are#aih2 #aih ,il4 ix4 #efd4 4 ,n[ none ( ! num]\s intrigues ( ! my?ical deities ) wom5 include viol5ce3 !y always appe>1 s f> z ! language us$ gives !m a specific "*1 to h be5 volunt>ily accept$ connections#aii4 ,x 0 n likely t ! case ( ,apollo %\ld h be5 ! exception4 ,aga91 !y are always m5tion$ z hav+ l$ to ! bir? ( *ildr53 b !re is no su* m5tion 9 ?is case1 & ,apollo has no human prog5y4 ,la/ly1 ! ^w us$ does n mean ravi%$1 b seiz$ & c>ri$ up4 ,x ne>ly corresponds ) ! expression 9 ! case ( ,ganym$e#bjj1 #aii ,il4 ii4 #eac2 xvi4 #ahd1 & o!r cases4 #bjj ,il4 xx4 #bcd4 1 & x may h be5 ei!r a case ( translation1 or "o 9 :i* ! maid 0 conceiv$ to h be5 tak5 = ! s]vice ( ! deity1 p]haps at ! neighb\r+ %r9e ( ,delphi4 ,aft] ! "p :i* ! lay ( ,demodocus assigns to him1 ! mo/1 p]haps ! only1 discr$itable transaction assign$ to ,apollo 9 ! poems is ! mann] 9 :i* he dis>ms & p>tially disables ,patroclus4 ,no?+ c be m wret*$ ?an 8 op]ations on ?is occasion4 ,! god comes up to ! h]o envelop$ 9 cl\d2 /rikes him f beh9d on ! back2 & knocks (f 8 arm\r4 ,i c conceive b "o explanation = ?is s+ul> passage1 :i* appe>s alike unsatisfactory f a poetical & f a my?ological po9t ( view4 ,t explanation ,i ?9k is to be s\ght 9 int5se nationality4 ,! ma9 purpose ( ! poem requir$ ! sacrifice ( a pr9cipal ,greek h]o3 b no g5u9e ,greek h]o c\ld be kill$ by fair means1 !re=e x 0 necess>y to dispose ( him by su* z 7 f\l4 ,x is p]haps also wor? rem>k t ! audacity ( ,patroclus 9 pu%+ on to ! city may p]haps h r5d]$ him puni%able 7,il4 xvi4 #fih-gaa74 ,x is rem>kable1 h[ev]1 t ! "* ( ea* ( ! two great traditive deities _h begun to give way to corruption1 & ea* 9 ! po9t at :i*1 accord+ to ! respective sex1 its yield+ might h be5 anticipat$4 ,z un*a/ity is m readily p>don$1 accord+ to social usage1 9 ! man1 s is deceit 9 ! woman4 ,& 9 ?is po9t ! /&>d _h already fall5 = ,m9]va4 ,( ?is we h "o mo/ cle> indication1 9 h] be+ commission$ to und]take ! *>ge ( incit+ ,p&>us to a v black act ( trea*]y1 ! brea* ( ! ,pact4 ,s f> f be+ unwill+ 9 ?is matt]1 %e 0 ev5 eag]#bja2 #bja ,il4 iv4 #gc4 4 ,besides judgm5t & indu/rial skill1 %e gave to ,p5elope#bjb3 & %e describes h]self#bjc z excell+ among ! gods 9 craft z well z c\nsel2 #bjb ,od4 ii4 #aag4 #bjc ,od4 xiii4 #bii4 4 ,) ! exception ( ?is initial t5d5cy to deg5]ate on ! side ( craft1 we may say ) tru? t ! highe/ moral tone1 bo? ( spee* & action1 is res]v$ = ,m9]va 9 p>ticul> ?r\gh\t ! poems1 :e!r 9 ! ,olympian ,c\rt1 or 9 h] int]c\rse ) m54 ,alike 9 ! ,iliad & ! ,odyssey1 h] c\nsel1 :i* prevails1 und\bt$ly also des]ves to prevail4 ,%e is 9 bo? ! *ampion ( ! righte\s cause4 ,& :5 %e /ates = ! second "t ! case ( ,ulysses be=e ! assembl$ gods1 x is n n[ z be=e 8 lib]ality 9 sacrifice t %e pleads1 b1 z a la/ resort1 %e makes bold to urge ! bad moral effect :i* w result1 if !y disc\rage virtue by p]mitt+ ! ru9 ( ?is excell5t man#bjd4 #bjd ,od4 v4 #g4 ,_! place 9 ,provid5tial ,gov]nm5t4 #b4 ,x is 9 con=mity ) ! expectations1 :i* ! sup]ior morality ( ,apollo & ,m9]va t5ds to raise1 t we f9d !m occupy+ a position su* z is accord$ to no o!r deity 9 ! ,provid5tial gov]nm5t bo? ( ! human m9d & w1 & likewise ( ! c\rse ( ev5ts ext]nal to x4 ,! orig9 ( ?is position may1 z ,i conceive1 be f\nd 9 ! traditions :i* !y inh]it1 & accord+ to :i* !y w\ld naturally be exhibit$ z ! adm9i/rators ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 on behalf1 if ,i may s speak1 ( ! ,godhead4 ,b !re 71 among ! inborn t5d5cies ( poly!ism1 two at lea/ :i* p[]fully t5d$ to give to ^! div9ities a position n only associat$ ) t ( ,jupit]1 b on ! "o h& m palpable & practical1 & on ! o!r ( high] moral elevation4 ,^! 7 ! t5d5cies :i*1 among ! incid5ts ( 8 supremacy1 on ! "o h&1 bless$ him ) p]sonal repose1 &1 on ! o!r1 end[$ him ) unb\nd$ appetite4 ,! fir/1 by mak+ ,apollo & ,m9]va1 z 8 organs1 ! practical gov]nors ( ! _w1 t5d$ to increase _! importance at ! exp5se ( 81 & ! second gave !m a moral title z x 7 to ga9 gr\nd ^u him4 ,9 ! "t ( ,hom] ?is process 0 consid]ably advanc$2 s t :ile !y seem to %>e ) ,jupit] ! (fice ( g5]al direction1 :i* !y hold subject to 8 control1 x falls to "o ( !m1 to ,m9]va especially1 to conduct ! highe/ ( all ! div9e processes 9 ! adm9i/ration ( moral discipl9e1 & 9 ! ex]cise ( influ5ce ov] ! human s\l4 ,9 ! w> be=e ,troy1 :at is done by ,juno or by ,neptune is commonly done 9 ! way ( unau?oriz$1 or ev5 ( =bidd51 int]f]5ce4 ,9 ?is1 ,m9]va %>es3 = %e has a less p]fect con=mity ( w ) t ( ,jupit] ?an ,apollo1 ?\gh %e has a m pr(\nd moral resemblance ( "* to ! ideal1 f :i* ! ,hom]ic ,jupit] 0 a depravation4 ,( ! action be=e ,troy1 h[ev]1 z a :ole1 ?us mu* rema9s true3 t1 :5 ! w ( ,jupit] is to be wr\ght out 9 fav\r ( ! ,greeks1 x is done entirely by ,m9]va1 & :5 9 fav\r ( ! ,trojans x is done entirely by ,apollo4 ,ea* !re=e appe>s z ! prop] m9i/] ( ,jupit]1 :5 will+1 = conduct+ ! gov]nm5t ( mank9d4 ,"o ( !m is always will+3 & ?\gh ! o!r is n equally acquiesc5t1 /ill x is ! view ( ! case tak5 by h]1 9 common ) o!r gods m weighty ?an num]\s1 to :i* ,jupit] ultimately gives way4 ,?us we may disc]n1 grav5 z x 7 ^u ! relation betwe5 !mselves & ,jupit]1 ! m>k :i* %[s t x 0 orig9ally d]iv$ f ! (fice ( ,him1 #8by :om ,god made ! worlds#bje4' ,sc>cely ev] d we f9d ,hom] deviate f ! g5]al rule :i* exhibits !m z ! ord9>y ,provid5ce ( ! _w = gov]n+ ! detail ( life4 ,!re is1 ,i ?9k1 b "o "p ( ! ,iliad :i* exhibits to u any consid]able assumption ( ?is function by ,jupit] himself4 ,x is dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! day :i* 0 to be clos$ by a sunset fatal to ,hector1 t1 besides s5d+ =? ,apollo ) ! bl9d+ gis1 he himself desc5ds to su* acts ( m9ute int]f]5ce z break+ ! b[/r+ ( ,teuc]#bjf4 #bje ,heb4 i4 #b4 #bjf ,il4 xv4 #dfc4 ,x is frequ5tly ascrib$ to !m4 ,reg>d$ f )\t1 ^! two deities appe> to u z frequ5tly receiv+ f m5 ! ascriptions ( ,div9e ,provid5ce4 ,! idea ( ,div9e ,provid5ce is frequ5tly express$ by ,hom] "u ! names 1 1 1 4 ,x is also (t5 convey$ by ! "n ,jupit] alone1 or by su* an expression z #8,jupit] & ! o!r immortal gods1' 9 :i* he appe>s at _! head4 ,9 "o place ( ! ,odyssey1 ?\gh only "o1 ! day be+ ! fe/ival ( ,apollo1 ?is v extraord9>y di/9ction is assign$ to him3 & ! ( ! ,suitors ?us places him at ! head ( ! ,olympian company#bjg2 #bjg ,od4 xxi4 #cfd4 4 ,sometimes mortal m5 look to "o ( ^! deities = success 9 _! ent]prises1 ev5 )\t nam+ ,jupit]3 sometimes t "n is conjo9$ ) "o ( !irs4 ,apollo himself1 appe>+ to ,hector 9 ! =m ( ,asius 8 uncle1 exhorts t *iefta9 to attack ,patroclus1 #89 ! hope t ,apollo may give him success#bjh4' ,pres5tly1 ,patroclus1 dy+1 attributes ,hector's victory to ,jupit] & ,apollo1 8 own dea? to ,apollo & #bji2 ,apollo1 says ,xan?us ! immortal horse1 slew ,patroclus1 & gave glory to ,hector#baj4 ,?is _c well apply to ! direct ag5cy ( ! god 9 ! matt]1 z he only dis>m$ ! ,greek h]o4 ,aga91 :5 ,patroclus is sla91 ,m9]va takes no "p 9 ! proce$+s4 ,:5 ,hector is ab\t to be vanqui%$ ,apollo retires1 & ,m9]va /raightway appe>s ^u ! field#baa4 ,9 ! ,doloneia1 ,ulysses & ,diom$ succe$1 because ,jupit] & ,m9]va befri5d !m#bab4 ,m9]va rejoices1 :5 %e f9ds h] "n invok$ fir/ ( all ! gods#bac3 & %e in/ructs ,la]tes to call ^u ,jupit] ) h]self1 assum+ = h] own "n ! fir/ place2 #bjh ,il4 xvi4 #gae4 #bji ,ibid4 #hde4 #baj ,il4 xix4 #dac4 #baa ,il4 xxii4 #bji-ad4 #bab ,il4 x4 #eeb-c4 ,comp4 xi4 #gcf4 #bac ,cf4 ,il4 x4 #dfb4 #bad4 #bad ,od4 xxiv4 #eah4 ,agamemnon feels t he is c]ta9 to take ,troy1 if only ,jupit] & ,m9]va w x#bae4 ,ulysses expects to slay ! ,suitors #8by ! fav\r ( ,jupit] & ,m9]va#baf4' ,b 9 fact1 ! :ole s*eme ( div9e retribution1 ( :i* t h]o is ! organ1 0 plann$ by ,m9]va & n by ,jupit]1 z is twice decl>$ to u f 8 own lips#bag4 ,i mu/ n1 h[ev]1 omit to notice "o passage ( peculi> gr&eur1 9 :i* ,jupit] & ,m9]va are comb9$1 z jo9t arbit]s ( great ev5ts4 ,9 ! ,sixte5? ,odyssey1 ,telema*us exhorts 8 fa!r1 amid _! gloomy & d\btful prospects1 to be?9k him ( obta9+ "s ally4 ,he nobly replies z foll[s3 #8,i w tell y1 & d y answ] me & say1 :e!r ,a!ne ) ,zeus h] fa!r w n suffice = u1 or :e!r ,i %all /udy to f9d "s o!r def5d]4' ,! rejo9d] ( ,telema*us is 9 ! same exalt$ /ra94 #8,yes1 ^! are good1 ?\gh !y be af> (f1 sitt+ on high2 = !y prevail ov] all o!rs1 :e!r !y be m51 or :e!r !y be immortal gods#bah4' #bae ,il4 viii4 #bhg4 #baf ,od4 xx4 #db4 #bag ,od4 v4 #bc4 xxiv4 #dgi4 #bah ,od4 xvi4 #bef-fa1 #bfb-e4 ,especially 9 ! highe/ s5se to ,m9]va4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 t !y are n ! l[] & m ext]nal =ms ( provid5tial action :i* devolve on ,m9]va1 ) a res]vation ( ! high] p>ts to ,jupit]4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 :at we may call ext]nal & :olesale ,provid5ce1 ,jupit] is supreme2 & 9 ! conflict betwe5 ,ulysses & ! ,i?acan rebels1 z well z 9 v>i\s passages ( ! ,iliad relat+ to ext]nal action1 ,jupit] int]poses to *eck h] eag] _s4 ,9 ! la/ ,odyssey %e asks 8 designs4 ,he recomm5ds a pacification4 ,%e !reupon exhorts & assi/s old ,la]tes to beg9 ! battle4 ,at l5g? a ?und]bolt desc5ds f ,jupit]1 & x falls at ,m9]va's feet4 ,%e !n int]poses to make peace#bai4 #bai ,od4 xxiv4 #dgb-hf1 #eae-da4 ,?us x is 9 battle & matt]s ( ! /rong h&3 b ! high] & deep] =ms ( provid5tial action appe> to be unhe$$ by ,jupit]1 & to fall to ! lot ( ^! two deities1 m p>ticul>ly ( ,m9]va4 ,9 ! ,odyssey1 "o ( ! ,suitors1 ,amph9omus1 bett] m9d$ ?an ! re/1 anticipates evil at an e>ly juncture1 & is dispos$ to take ! advice giv5 him by ,ulysses1 t he %\ld quit ! palace1 & return home4 ,b he did n ev5 n[1 says ! ,poet1 escape doom3 = ,m9]va fett]$ him1 t he %\ld fall b5ea? ! h& ( ,telema*us#bbj4 ,& fur!r1 %e works inw>dly on ! m9ds ( ! ,suitors1 #8n suff]+ !m1' su* is ! rem>kable phrase1 #8to ab/a9 f _! bit+ insol5ce3' s t pa9 might yet m deeply pi]ce ! s\l ( ,ulysses#bba3 #bbj ,od4 xviii4 #aea-g4 #bba ,od4 xviii4 #cdf4 ' 1 ' 4 ,?is passage is subsequ5tly repeat$2 & x /&s z "o ( ^? rem>kable ,hom]ic =mul1 :i* are us$ ) su* extraord9>y gr&eur ( effect 9 ! lat] books ( ! ,odyssey2 return+ ^u ! e> l ! solemn toll+ ( a fun]al bell4 ,b ! s5tim5ts :i* ! passage conta9s are 9 !mselves mo/ rem>kable1 & p]haps only f9d a p>allel 9 ! awful language ( ,holy ,writ2 #8& ! ,"l h>d5$ ,ph>aoh's he>t1 t he %\ld n let ! p g#bbb4' ,!y describe at once ! doctr9e ( ,provid5ce1 & ! ess5tial laws ( human nature1 9 _! l(tie/ & sev]e/ =m4 ,!y %[ u ! h>d5+ p[] ( a long cont9u$ c\rse ( (f5ces aga9/ ! moral law1 :i* at l5g? conv]ts ! mo/ unb\nd$ lic5se into ! mo/ absolute slav]y1 "u ! iron yoke ( habitual depravity2 & !y likewise exhibit ! figure ( ,deity sup]9t5d+ ?is t]rible1 b natural z well z judicial retribution1 :i* is ! ultimate & effective sanction ( ! :ole moral code1 alike 9 ! e>li] & 9 ! lat] /ages ( ! ,div9e disp5sations4 ,besides all ?is1 ! passage exhibits to u pa9 adm9i/]$ to ! j man1 9 ord] to prove 8 resolution1 & /eel him1 t he may be ! fitt+ m9i/] ( div9e v5geance4 ,nor does ?is process ( probation cease "h3 = ! conflict ) ! ,suitors is a prolong$ "o2 & x is prolong$1 because ,m9]va 0 /ill mak+ trial ( ! con/ancy ( ,ulysses & 8 son#bbc1 z ( metal 9 ! fire4 #bbb ,exod4 x4 #bj4 #bbc ,od4 xxii4 #bcf4 ,x is h>d to f9d ev5 approximations to su* a picture 9 ! lat] hea!n lit]ature1 p>ticul>ly aft] s*ylus3 & 9 ,hom] no function ( ?is k9d is ev] attribut$ to an ord9>y deity2 nor ev5 to ,jupit]1 ^: place 9 ! gov]nm5t ( mank9d1 if e/imat$ morally1 is l[] ?an t ( ,m9]va4 ,i %all h occasion %ortly to glance fur!r at ?is subject4 ,! high] p[]s atta*+ to ! "* ( ! great ,deliv]] ( man1 besides be+ m or less obscur$ 9 ea* case1 are by ! dis9tegration1 ) :i* we may n[ h become famili>1 divid$ betwe5 ,apollo & ,m9]va2 s t :ile 9 "s1 & inde$ 9 mo/1 po9ts ( view1 x is a common "* :i* di/+ui%es & sev]s !m f ! deities ( m]e inv5tion1 9 o!rs we mu/ comb9e ! gifts ( "o ) ^? ( ! o!r1 9 ord] to get at ! entire outl9e ( ! anci5t tradition4 ,?us we h se51 t ,m9]va ex]cises high] functions 9 ,provid5tial gov]nm5t1 & 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ! g5]al laws ( our nature1 ?an are wield$ ev5 by ! ,hom]ic ,jupit]4 ,we h also p>tially consid]$ :y x is1 t %e ?us atta9s a sup]iority :i*1 und\bt$ly1 no pri/9e tradition c\ld :ile unalt]$ accord to h]4 ,at pres5t ,i proce$ to obs]ve1 t we may f9d a c\nt]p>t to ?is p>am\nt pr]ogative ( ,m9]va 9 ! gift ( =e & aft] k1 possess$ mo/ peculi>ly & l>gely by ,apollo4 ,cal*as1 ,se] ( ! ,greek army1 knew :at 01 :at _h be51 & :at 0 to be1 by ! gift :i* ,phbus ,apollo _h conf]r$ on him#bbd4 ,x is ! bus9ess ( ?is ord]1 :o are m9i/]s ( ,apollo1 to int]pret all signs & presages to m5 9 virtue ( ! pr]ogative ( t deity4 ,9 ! ,fifte5? ,book1 inde$1 ,apollo inquires ( ,hector ! cause ( 8 evil plight3 b he has n yet put (f 8 incognito1 z we see f ! reply ( ,hector2 #bbd ,il4 i4 #fi-gb4 1 #bbe2 #bbe ,il4 xv4 #bdg4 ,&1 :ile ,jupit] has ! s+le & remote oak ( ,dodona = ! deliv]y ( oracles to m51 ,apollo has already 8 ,py?ian temple 9 ! v he>t ( ,greece1 & h>d by ! great highway across ! ,cor9?ian gulf1 & has likewise a %r9e at ,delos = t purpose2 = we mu/ presume t1 :5 ,ulysses#bbf /opp$ to visit ,delos on 8 way home1 x 0 9 ord] to obta9 in=mation z to 8 fate4 ,?us ,apollo appe>s to /& fir/ ( ! gods 9 reg>d to k ( ev5ts1 z ,m9]va does ) respect to ! ord9>y gov]nm5t ( mank9d4 ,nor does ,hom] scruple to call ?is fav\rite div9ity ! fir/ ( ! gods2 an expression1 h[ev]1 :i* he employs ) latitude1 & :i* mu/ n be too rigidly con/ru$#bbg3 #bbf ,od4 vi4 #afc4 #bbg ,il4 xix4 #dac4 1 4 ,i h already obs]v$ t ! ab/ract words & 1 :i* are g5]ally us$ by ,hom] to convey ! idea ( ,provid5ce1 are :5 s us$ commonly ref]able 9 ! ma9 to ,jupit]1 s f> z we c connect !m at all ) any ( ! ,olympian p]sonages4 ,sometimes1 h[ev]1 !y are det]m9$ by ! s5se ( ! passage to signify ,m9]va or ,apollo2 b ,i ?9k !y nev]1 :5 !y relate to ,provid5tial action1 mean any o!r div9ity4 ,x is by no means f any m]ely national1 or ev5 p]sonal pr$ilection1 b x is ma9ly f ! l(ty /&+ gr\nd ( a ,provid5ce1 t ,m9]va foll[s ,ulysses3 x is 9 ! same g5]al "* t ,apollo is made a p>ty 9 ! f9al crisis ( ! ,odyssey ?r\gh ! introduction ( 8 fe/ival1 & ( ! ,b[4 ,9 ! ,olympian assemblage1 x is ,m9]va :o really repres5ts ! elem5t ( m9d & its inborn supremacy ov] all o!r =ces4 ,%e proce$s ^u pr9ciples1 :5 ,juno acts ^u p>tial atta*m5ts2 & h] sup]iority is s great1 z to be :olly inexplicable "u ! hypo!sis :i* w\ld repres5t ! *>act]s & attributes ( all alike z ! m]e products ( inv5tion4 ,intimacy ( ,m9]va's p]sonal relations4 ,! (fices ( bo? ^! deities1 b especially ( ,m9]va1 9 relation to ! guidance ( human conduct1 are mu* high] ?an ^? ( any o!r deity 9 _! k9d4 ,n only d !y bo? act 9 ! l>ge/ & mo/ free mann] on ! human m9d by inw>d influ5ce1 b1 if !re is any trace 9 ! ,hom]ic sy/em ( :at may be call$ spiritual religion1 ( ! t5d] & intimate relations :i* h f ! fir/ subsi/$ betwe5 ! *ildr5 ( fai? & _! ,fa!r 9 ,heav51 x is 9 ,m9]va t we mu/ seek = x4 ,x is inde$ b a fa9t resemblance t we %all f9d2 ! v application ( ! ^w may be disputable4 ,yet x is some?+1 :i* appe>s to %[ t x 0 at any rate n ( hea!n orig93 t x is a fl[]1 sickly1 because transplant$ f a bett] to a less k9dly soil2 a %ad[1 or a wreck ( some?+ great] & bett]1 & n a s*eme built up f b5ea?4 ,! mode 9 :i* ,m9]va c>es = ,ulysses des]ves at lea/ ?us mu* ( hon\r4 ,x is a contact s close & intimate1 a c>e s sleepless & s t5d]1 embrac+ alike ! c\rse ( ev5ts )\t1 & ! /ate ( m9d )92 s affectionate 9 relation to ! p]son1 yet s entirely )\t ! lea/ p>tiality or caprice2 s p]sonal1 yet s f> f :at ,holy ,scripture calls1 ) ! highe/ p]fection ( phrase1 respect ( p]sons2 s deeply f\nd$ on g5]al laws ( tru? & ju/ice1 ev5 if "s deviations c be detect$1 by a jeal\s eye1 9 ! *oice ( subsidi>y means2 t1 z x is )\t any ?+ l a p>allel 9 ! rud] & mean] relations ( m5 ) ! deities ( inv5tion1 s x makes its own audible & legitimate claim to a high] orig94 ,! pr9ciple at lea/ ( inw>d & su/a9$ int]c\rse betwe5 ! ,deity & ! s\l ( man is p]ceptibly repres5t$ to u by ! lit]ature ( ,greece 9 a case l ?is1 &1 ) ! v p>tial & qualifi$ exception ( ! ( ,socrates1 9 su* a case only4 ,m9]va1 aga91 c affect ! m9d ) a fri5dly bewild]m5t2 z :5 %e p>alyses = a mom5t ! und]/&+ ( ! nurse ,euryclea1 t %e may n give an answ]1 :i* w\ld be inconv5i5t1 to ! "q ( ,p5elope#bbh4 ,to h] ,ulysses looks = ! "r re>+ ( 8 son3 & %e assures him he ne$ h no anxiety#bbi4 ,ev5 z respects ! human p]son1 no p[]s s l>ge are any :]e ascrib$ by ,hom] to any o!r deity z ^? :i* %e ex]cises1 especially 9 ! trans=mation & re-trans=mation ( ,ulysses4 #bbh ,od4 xviii4 #dgi4 #bbi ,od4 xiii4 #cei4 ,=m ( _! relation to _! attributes4 #c4 ,ano!r v rem>kable di/9ction1 or r clu/] ( di/9ctions1 atta*+ to ^! deities1 relates to ! mann] 9 :i* !y be> _! attributes4 ,speak+ g5]ally1 ! deities ( pure inv5tion are ! m]e imp]sonations ( a passion1 or ( an elem5tal or bodily p[]1 or ( a m5tal gift4 ,!y are1 9 ! ord] ( ideas1 po/]ior & m9i/]ial to _! own attributes3 ! m]e vehicles = c>ry+ !m into movem5t & action1 s t 9 tru? ! p]sons are ! embelli%m5ts & ! attributes ( qualities1 & n ! qualities attributes ( p]sons4 ,to /ate x at ! v highe/1 ! inv5tive div9ity is ! /ew>d ( 8 own gifts4 ,n[ ! traditive god is _! proprietor & ma/]4 ,9 ! case ( ! two great traditive deities1 ,apollo & ,m9]va1 ! relation betwe5 function & p]son exactly rev]ses t :i* has be5 describ$4 ,"h ! attribute is some?+ atta*$ to1 some?+ 9 ! possession & "u ! comm& (1 ! p]son2 z mu* s1 z ! un]r+ b[ ( ,apollo1 or ! inv9cible spe> ( ,m9]va4 ,x is n ,apollo1 b x is ! b[ ( ,apollo1 :i* /&s 9 ! relation to 8 (fice z m9i/] ( dea?1 t ,vulcan himself be>s to ! elem5t ( fire & to ! metallic art1 or ,m>s to ! passions & ! /rong h& ( w>4 ,if we except ! s+le case ( ! *oice g>m5t ( ,juno#bcj1 ,m9]va nei!r sp9s nor hamm]s4 ,m>s always appe>s fight+1 b ,apollo does n always appe> prophesy+ or play+ ! lyre1 a function :i* he seems to p]=m only 9 ! company ( ! gods4 #bcj ,il4 xiv4 #agh4 ,! diff]5ce is /rongly m>k$ 9 ,hom]1 by ! fact t ! inv5t$ div9ities ( ! second ord] are id5tifi$ 9 common language ) _! (fices4 ,ares is a synonym = a spe>3 fire is 1 or ev5 simply #bca3 ! "n is absolutely id5tifi$ ) a great natural object3 corn is 4 ,b no analog\s phrase is applicable to ,apollo or to ,m9]va 9 ,hom]4 ,z1 ) ! lapse ( "t1 ! w & fancy ( man did its "w m fully ^u ! idea ( deity1 ! names ( o!r div9ities fell )9 ! circle2 & ! remembrance ( tradition hav+ become fa9t] & fa9t]1 9 ! "t ( ,horace ! ^w ,m9]va c\ld be us$ = wit 7,hor4 ,sat4 ,,ii4 ii4 #c72 #bca ,il4 ii4 #dbf4 ,ru/icus1 abnormis sapi5s1 crassque ,m9]v4 ,b1 z is (t5 ! case1 9 ?is *ange1 ext]nal z x is1 & app>5tly slight1 we h an outw>d sign ( ! pr(\nd alt]ative process1 :i* 9 ,hom]'s "t _h l>gely begun1 & :i* cont9u$ until ! incru/ation & absorption ( religi\s tru? became entire4 ,_! capacity to attract new ones4 #d4 ,9 con=mity ) ! la/-nam$ indication is ano!r1 :i* ,i h next to notice4 ,! traditive god is capable ( receiv+ new functions2 app>5tly because he is n ! s]vant ( ! old ones3 b ! deity :o is a m]e p]sonal expression = a c]ta9 idea1 c1 z a g5]al rule1 h no duty or pr]ogative beyond its b\nds1 m ?an c a c\nt] beyond ! ?+ :i* x has be5 *os5 to signify4 ,h5ce ,vulcan1 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,c]es1 ,bac*us1 ev5 ,m]cury1 ! god ( ga91 cont9ue1 aft] z well z 9 ,hom]1 to be devot$ to & id5tifi$ ) _! sev]al functions4 ,only 9 ! case ( ,m]cury1 z traffic involves motion f place to place1 & ! acts ( bo? hone/ & di%one/ p]suasion1 he is 9 ,hom]1 & he aft]w>ds cont9ues to be m g5]ally1 a mess5g] & conductor1 a negotiator & a rhetorician1 z well z a ?ief4 ,b ev5 ,juno1 elevat$ z %e is 9 /ation1 yet1 hav+ be5 call$ into ,olympus z a vehicle = convey+ ! idea ( mat]nity1 cont9ues to be *>g$ ) t (fice1 & is n specifically inve/$ ) any o!r4 ,su* attributions z are impli$ 9 ! ,v5us ,victrix1 or o!r l d$ications1 are inde$ at v>iance ) ^! propositions2 b !y belong to a lat] & greatly alt]$ /ate ( ! old my?ology1 :5 x _h rea*$ to an immeasurable di/ance f its s\rce1 & _h lo/ ! traces ev5 ( its own e>ly features4 ,b 9 ! cases ( ,apollo & ,m9]va1 we p]ceive t ! traditive deity 0 n ?us #8cab9$1 cribb$1 conf9$4' ,we f9d ! ,apollo ( ,hom] ! deity ( ! foll[+ p>ticul> functions3 #a4 ,! lyre & poetry1 ,il4 i4 #fjc4 #b4 ,div9ation1 ,il4 i4 #gb4 #c4 ,heal+1 ,il4 xvi4 #eag4 #d4 ,! b[1 ,il4 i4 #di4 ii4 #hbg4 #e4 ,dea?1 ei!r g5tle & pa9less1 or n ref]able to any kn[n cause1 su* z ord9>y disease or w\nds4 ,besides all ?is1 he may be call$1 ) ,pallas1 ! god ( ,help 9 g5]al2 &1 ev5 )9 ! range ( s+le attributes1 he %ews an imm5se div]sity4 ,he 0 ! god at once ( ! sev]e & simple music ( ! ,dorians#bcb1 & ( ! rabid ec/asy ( ! ,py?oness4 #bcb ,mll]'s ,dorians1 ,,ii4 viii4 #ab4 ,x is h>dly possible t he c\ld h begun 8 c>e] 9 ! ,greek my?ology ) su* an assemblage ( functions1 n only n unit$ by any obvi\s tie1 b "s ( !m 9 app>5t contradiction ) "o ano!r4 ,probably ! con/itutive ideas ( ! tradition he repres5t$ 7 fitt$ out by a gradual process ) ?is outw>d app>atus ( pr]ogatives2 ea* ( :i*1 :5 tak5 s+ly1 0 9 h>mony ) !m4 ,nor 0 ! op]ation complet$ ev5 9 ! "t ( ,hom]1 z we see f ! curi\s case ( ! ,sun4 ,we may1 ,i appreh5d1 view t case 9 ei!r ( two aspects4 ,we may consid] :at 0 hi/orically ! progress ( ! traditions conc]n+ ! ,sun f _! s\rce to _! maturity1 :5 !y 7 incorporat$ into ! compreh5sive deity ( ,apollo3 or we may exam9e ! moral aff9ities1 :i* det]m9$ ! direction & conclusion ( _! c>e]4 ,hi/orically1 ,i presume t ! ,hom]ic tradition ( ! ,sun repres5ts a sep>ate & rec5t importation f a =eign c\ntry1 :i* _h n z yet be5 fitt$ into a place ( its own 9 ! ,greek my?ology4 ,x !re=e w&]s z x 7 unappropriat$1 & hangs 9 tempor>y susp5se4 ,! ,apollo _h already und]gone a =mative process1 & ! ornam5ts ( fancy _h be5 embroid]$ ^u ! tissue ( an anci5t tradition4 ,aft] ,hom]'s "t1 ! function ( animat+ & gov]n+ ! ,sun 0 add$ to ! multif>i\s (fices ( t deity4 ,z respects himself1 ?is is a pro( t 8 receptiv5ess 0 n yet exhau/$2 t he 0 indep5d5t & dis5gag$4 ,z respects ! 1 ?is result %[s t !re 0 "s sympa?y or moral gravitation1 :i* l$ to ! absorption ( ?is ,hom]ic div9ity 9 ,apollo4 ,! oscillat+ condition ( t conception 9 ! ,hom]ic poems1 & ! indet]m9ate /ate ( its aff9ities1 w be consid]$ 9 ! next ,section4 ,wide range ( _! functions4 ,9 ,hom] ! deities ( inv5tion are1 )\t an exception1 limit$ ei!r to a s+le function 7& ?is 9 ! great majority ( cases71 or to functions :i* are connect$1 z 9 ! case ( ,m]cury1 ) "o common & c5tral idea1 itself su* z may belong to a my?ological =mation4 ,b !re is no su* idea on :i*1 z on a /r+1 we c possibly hang all ! v>i\s attributes ( ,hom]'s ,apollo3 & ! case becomes /rong] :5 we f9d t x is ?is v god1 already 7if he be my?ological only7 q ov]/ock$1 :o %[s a yet fur!r capacity to absorb into 8 own p]son new p[]s ( div9ity1 :i* 9 ,hom]'s "t z yet /ood ap>t f him4 ,z respects m]e multiplicity & div]sity ( function1 ! case ( ,m9]va is some:at less m>k$ ?an t ( ,apollo3 = x may be practicable to associate toge!r all h] (fices z !y are describ$ 9 ,hom]1 ar\nd "o gr& comb9ation ( ,p[] ) ,wisdom1 z _! c5tral po9t4 ,b ev5 !n1 :5 we consid] t %e supremely adm9i/]s political society1 p]sonal conduct1 w>1 & skill$ indu/ry1 9 fact t ! :ole intellig5ce ( ! _w1 individual & collective1 appe>s to be "u h] p>am\nt guidance1 besides all ! p[] %e ex]cises ov] inanimate & animate nature1 & ev5 9 ! inn]mo/ sph]e ( p]sonal action1 we p]ceive t1 ap>t f ! elevation & glory ( h] position1 ! range ( h] gifts goes to an ext5t :i*1 simply z su*1 c\ld nev] h be5 assign$ by m]e human inv5tion to any deity b ! supreme "o4 ,! idea ( ! goddess ( ,wisdom1 conceiv$ z l>gely z x mu/ be 9 ord] to cov] all ,m9]va's ,hom]ic attributes1 leaves no room = ! o!r conceptions necess>y to fit out a my?ology4 ,= :at a range d ^! attributes include6 ,m9]va is 9 heav5 arm$ ) su* p[] t to none ( ! gods1 except ,jove only1 & to him sc>cely1 does %e succumb4 ,%e is supreme 9 w>1 supreme 9 policy1 supreme 9 art2 supreme 9 prud5ce & ! practical bus9ess ( life2 supreme 9 manual skill2 supreme 9 or ov] all conte/s ( =ce3 :ile at ! same "t ! l[] & executory p>ts ( ea* ( ^! functions1 :]e %e drops !m1 are tak5 up1 z we h se51 by deities f> inf]ior to h]1 ?\gh /ill ( ! fir/ or ,olympian ord]4 ,ev5 physical /r5g?1 if comb9$ ) skill1 is "u h] supreme managem5t3 = x is ?r\gh h] aid t ,tydeus w9s 9 ! games at ,!bes#bcc1 z well z ,meci/eus on ano!r occasion1 & t ,ne/or conqu]s ,ereu?alion#bcd4 #bcc ,il4 iv4 #cbg4 xxiii4 #fgh4 #bcd ,il4 vii4 #aed4 ,:5 ,jupit] admoni%es ,v5us to ab&on attempts at w>1 he adds#bce1 #bce ,il4 v4 #dcj4 ,comp>e xvii4 #cih4 xiii4 #abg4 ,od4 xiv4 #baf4 ' 4 ,!re c be no d\bt :i* ( ^! two w>-div9ities 0 sup]ior & :i* subord9ate2 ! exploit ( ,diom$ alone w\ld avail to settle ! "q3 b m direct evid5ce is to be f\nd 9 ! s+ul> passage :i* describes ,m9]va z inve/$ ) ! *>ge ( *a/is+ ,m>s1 & 9 ! mode aft] :i*1 9 ! ,fifte5? & ,tw5ty-fir/ ,books1 %e h]self recognises & fulfils ! obligation ( h] (fice4 7,il4 v4 #gff4 xv4 #abc-db74 ,aga91 h] "n is connect$ ) t ( ,vulcan z to 8 own special & sole art ( work+ 9 metals4 ,twice 9 ! ,odyssey ! silv]smi? is introduc$ 9 a simile1 & he is call$ a man educat$ by ^! two#bcf2 #bcf ,od4 vi4 #bcc4 xxiii4 #aei4 1 4 ,only 9 ! arts ( tissue & embroid]y %e seems to h no coadjutor4 ,?is probably is on acc\nt ( _! purely fem99e "*4 ,b g5]ally all ! pr9ciples & f\ndations ( art are h]s4 ,?us %e ev5 tea*es m5suration to ! c>p5t]#bcg3 #bcg ,il4 xv4 #dab4 1 4 ,z "s ( h] di/9ctive epi!ts1 l 1 ref] especially to w>1 s %e has o!rs :i* look ei!r ma9ly or exclusively to ! supreme c>e ( political ord]4 ,su* are 1 1 & 7collector or lead] ( a p74 ,x is ! executory duty t is intru/$ to ,!mis4 ,%e is ! mess5g]1 :o summons ! deities1 & %e bo? collects & dissolves human assemblies#bch3 ?us dis*>g+ a subord9ate function1 :]e ,pallas is ! presid+ goddess4 ,x is probably = ?is reason t1 not)/&+ ! /rong political _s ( ,hom]1 we f9d ,!mis act s second>y a "p 9 ,olympus4 #bch ,od4 ii4 #fi4 ,! c5tral ,wisdom ( ,m9]va4 ,?us ,wisdom is ! c5tre1 & e ?+ t fl[s =? f x is h]s1 :e!r 9 peace or w>4 ,ov] & above all ^! (fices1 :i* seem to h a connection ) h] ord9>y attributes1 %e appe>s to %>e 9 ! mo/ recondite & peculi> functions ( o!r deities4 ,%e ent]s into ,apollo's k ( ! future2 = 9 ! ,i?acan cave %e =etells to ,ulysses all t he has yet to suff]4 ,h] p[] ev5 desc5ds1 z we h se51 into ! ne!r _w4 ,x seems z if ?is p[] 9 ! ,%ades 7 ! portion fall+ to h] out ( ! supremacy ov] dea?1 assign$ by tradition to ! ,messiah4 ,& %e has also1 if n ! jurisdiction ov] dea? lodg$ peculi>ly 9 h] h&s1 a faculty yet m wond]ful ascrib$ to h]1 t ( /ay+ its approa*2 = ,euryclea bids ,p5elope 9 h] di/ress pray to ,m9]va1 :o c deliv] ,telema*us f dea?2 t is1 c raise him up aga93 #bci4 #bci ,od4 iv4 #gej-c4 ,9 tru? x seems to be ! di/9ctive "* ( ,m9]va 9 ! ,hom]ic !o-my?ology1 t ?\gh %e is n ! sole deity1 yet ! v fl[] ( ! :ole (fice & "w ( deity is e :]e res]v$ = h]3 & ?\gh %e is n directly inve/$ ) ! ext]nal =m & body ( e gift1 yet %e has ! he>t1 ess5ce & virtue ( !m all2 insomu* t1 practically1 no limit c be plac$ ^u h] p[]s & functions4 ,! :ole conception is !re=e fundam5tally at v>iance ) ! measur$ & f9ite organization ( an inv5t$ sy/em ( religion1 & by its own incongruities ) t sy/em x proves itself to be an exotic elem5t4 ,by ano!r pa?1 we arrive at ! v same conclusion = ,apollo4 ,he too has mu* ( t inw>dness & univ]sality ( function1 :i* belongs to ,m9]va1 z well z a div]sity ( (fices peculi>ly 8 own4 ,b ! argum5t "h admits ( be+ pres5t$ 9 a diff]5t =m4 ,all 8 peculi> gifts 9 ,hom] are ref]able to "o ( ?ree *>act]s1 ^? ( ,prophet1 ,deliv]]1 & ,av5g]1 or ,judge4 ,9 ! fir/1 gift$ ) all k1 he is also ! ,god ( ,song1 :i* 0 its vehicle4 ,9 ! second1 he is ! he>] ( pray]1 ! heal] ( w\nds1 ! *ampion ( ,heav5 itself aga9/ rebellion4 ,9 ! ?ird1 he puni%es ! guilty1 & especially adm9i/]s ! "o gr& p5al law ( dea?4 ,all ?is he does z ! organ ( "o1 ) :om 9 w he is p]fectly unit$4 ,! tangl$ ?read runs out )\t knot or break1 :5 we unravel x by primitive ,messianic tradition2 because x 0 fundam5tal 9 t tradition1 t ! p]son :o 0 ! subject ( x1 %\ld exhibit ?is _m sid$ union ( "* & function4 ,b c\ld ,deliv]ance & ,de/ruction1 !re comb9$1 any :]e else h be5 read o!rwise ?an z contradictory to "o ano!r1 & incapable ( be+ unit$ 9 ! same be+8 ,! conflict+ ,*>act]s ( ,apollo4 ,i "k no o!r pr9ciple1 on :i* we c satisfactorily expla9 ei!r ! d\ble "* ( ,apollo z ,savi\r & z ,de/roy]1 or ! app>5tly miscellane\s "* ( ! attributes :i* successively atta*$ to him#bdj4 ,h[ /range 9 itself1 t ! ,god1 :o alone has a peculi> (fice 9 br++ dea?1 %\ld also be ! ,god ( deliv]ance f x6 ,! contradiction is h>moniz$ by ! supposition ( a tradition>y orig91 b o!rwise x ob/9ately rema9s a contradiction4 ,aga91 look at ! nature ( ?is peculi> relation4 ,dea? by sl[ disease 0 n ?\ght wor?y to be ref]r$ to ! ag5cy ( a god1 7,od4 xi4 #bjj473 ! calm dea? ( old age1 ! %>p & agoniz+ dea? ( a plague1 bo? ^! 7 s1 & bo? are ref]r$ to ,apollo4 ,h[ c ?is be1 & :at has become ( ! f9e imag9ative discrim9ation ( ! ,greeks1 & ( _! love = logical consi/5cy ev5 9 t doma91 if we suppose t 9 all ?is !y 7 work+ by pure fancy8 ,n[ ! difficulty vani%es1 if we suppose !m to be ! m]e utt]]s ( ! disjo9t$ fragm5ts ( pri/9e tradition1 :5 !y _h lo/ ! key to _! common mean+4 ,= !n1 ,he t 0 to gr9d 8 enemies to p[d]1 0 likewise to take ! /+ f dea? itself1 & to make ! k+ ( t]rors g5tle & humane4 ,aga91 :y 0 ,apollo1 ?us associat$ ) dea?1 likewise ! god ( =ekn[l$ge8 ,:y did he1 & he only1 p>take ( ?is privilege ) ,jupit]8 ,nay1 he enjoy$ k app>5tly 9 a great] degree2 = we are n furni%$ ) any case 9 :i* ,apollo is grossly delud$ l ,jupit] by ,juno4 ,:y1 aga91 %\ld ! god ( =ekn[l$ge be ! god ( m$ic9e8 ,& :y %\ld ! god ( m$ic9e also absorb into himself ! div9ity ( ! sun1 sep>ate f him 9 ,hom]1 b aft]w>ds id5tifi$ ) him8 ,:y does 8 "*1 z comp>$ ) t ( ! o!r gods1 approa* to purity8 ,z ! dignity ( ,m9]va is expla9$ by our suppos+ h] to imp]sonate ! anci5t traditions ( ! ,wisdom2 s 9 ! case ( ,apollo1 we obta9 a ?read ^u :i* ea* & all ( ^! o!rwise incongru\s notions may be hung1 if we suppose t he1 aft] a c]ta9 sev]ance ( ^? %ades ( "*1 :i* c\ld only f9d expression = a ,greek 9 ! female ord]1 repres5t$ ! leg5d>y anticipations ( a p]son to come1 9 :om %\ld be comb9$ all ! great (fices1 9 :i* ,god ! ,son is n[ made kn[n to man z ! ,light ( our pa?s1 ! ,physician ( our diseases1 ! ,judge ( our misde$s1 & ! ,conqu]or & dis>m]1 b n yet aboli%]1 ( dea?8 #bdj ,! "* ( ,apollo ! ,de/roy] is well repres5t$ 9 a fragm5t ( ,ar*ilo*us3 1 1 '1 4 ,ar*il4 apud ,macrob4 ,fragm4 #gi4 ,ed4 ,gais=d4 ,!y d n h>monize ) ,olympus4 ,aga91 z ^! great deities are anomalies 9 !mselves1 s are !y likewise 9 ! ,olympian ord]4 ,if we 7 to remove ,m9]va & ,apollo f ,olympus1 we %\ld inde$ take away ! bread? & boldness ( its sublimity1 b we %\ld add greatly to its m]e symmetry3 especially z "s o!r m9or figures w\ld = ! same reasons foll[4 ,!re w\ld !n rema9 !re ! polygam\s mon>* ( ! skies1 ) 8 *ief & second>y wives1 ! ranks ( e>? supply+ him f "t to "t ) fur!r satisfaction = 8 passions2 & 9 8 v>i\s *ildr5 or companions w\ld be repres5t$ ! v>i\s ess5tial functions1 z !y 7 !n e/imat$1 ( an organiz$ community4 ,!mis w\ld repres5t policy1 ,m]cury ga91 ! ,muses song1 & ) x all k2 ,vulcan1 manual skill2 ,m>s1 ! soldi]2 ,paieon1 ! surgeon2 ,v5us1 t relax$ relation ( ! sexes to :i* mank9d has ev] lean$4 ,= corn !re w\ld be ,demet] or ,c]es1 & = w9e1 ,dionysus or ,bac*us4 ,i grant t !re is "h ins]t$ "o s+le +r$i5t n kn[n to ! ,hom]ic ,olympus4 ,8 ,muses are n /at$ to h any =ekn[l$ge4 ,b1 aft] all[+ = ?is trifl+ exception1 ,i ?9k x rema9s cle> t ?\gh ! e?ics & ! poetry ( t region w\ld be fatally damag$ by ! removal ( ,apollo & ,m9]va1 its m]e /ati/ics might be visibly improv$4 ,! discussions :i* h aris5 ^u ! etymology ( ! "n ,apollo1 are 9 !mselves significant ( ! difficulty ( acc\nt+ = 8 orig9 my?ologically4 ,mll] m5tions ! d]ivation f ! sun 71 7 9 ord] to reject x2 z he repudiates 7& v ju/ly7 ! :ole !ory1 :i* treats ?is deity z an elem5tal p[]4 ,pass+ ov] o!rs z unwor?y ( s]i\s notice1 he rejects #bda1 z #8f\nd$ on a p>tial & occasional attribute ( ! god1' & adopts ! av]t] 7sc4 ( evil7 or def5d]1 z mo/ expressive ( 8 g5]al function3 9 o!r words1 ?\gh he does n g on to say s1 he is ! d>k5$ %ad[ ( ! ,savi\r4 ,b ! really *>act]i/ic "n ( ,apollo he conceives to be 1 ! bright & cle>#bdb4 ,clem5s ,alex&r9us1 9 ! ,/romata1 fancifully d]ives ! "n f privative1 & 1 & int]prets ! "n z signify+ ! negation ( plurality1 & ?us ! unity ( ! ,godhead#bdc4 #bda ,:i* h[ev] has ! sanction ( ,euripides z well z ,ar*ilo*us1 7sup4 p4 #aca n472 '1 ' ' ' 4 ,eurip4 ,phae?4 ap4 ,macrob4 ,sat4 i4 #ag4 #bdb ,dorians1 ,,ii4 vi4 #f1 #g4 #bdc ,/rom4 ,l4 i4 p4 #cdi ,b4 ,! "n ( ,a!ne w\ld appe> to be =m$ by transposition f ! ,egyptian ,nei?#bdd1 to :om1 accord+ to anci5t inscriptions1 v high & compreh5sive dignities 7 assign$4 ,x does n foll[ t we are to reg>d ! ,a!ne ( ,hom] z an ,egyptian div9ity2 ?\gh an ,egyptian "n may h be5 ! c5tre1 ar\nd :i* ga!r$ ! rem>kable & ev5 augu/ fragm5ts ( ! ,messianic traditions t we h f\nd repres5t$ 9 h]4 #bdd ,see ,buns5's #8,egypt's ,place1' ,i4 vi4 ,a4 #g4 ,summ>y ( di/9ctive traits4 ,9 quitt+ a subject ( s mu* importance1 ,i w n[ endeav\r to sum up1 9 ! mo/ concise =m ( :i* x is susceptible1 ! evid5ce to be drawn f ,hom] ( ! diff]5t position held by ,apollo & ,m9]va f t ( ! o!r ,olympian deities4 ,i4 ,po9ts ( di/9ction 9 _! relations to ! ,olympian ,c\rt & its memb]s4 #a4 ,! dignity accord$ to !m is q out ( keep+ ) _! rank1 z belong+ to ! junior g5]ation ( ! my?ological family1 :i* 01 z su*1 inf]ior 9 rank & p[] to ! s5ior "o#bde4 #bde ,see ! obs]vation ( ,neptune1 ,il4 xv4 #aie-h4 #b4 ,!y be> visible m>ks1 ev5 9 ! my?ological ord]1 ( an antiquity great] ?an t ( ! o!r deities 9 g5]al4 #c4 ,! ext]nal adm9i/ration1 or subord9ate p>ts ( ! functions assign$ to !m 9 ! my?ological sy/em1 are commonly devolv$ ^u ano!r set ( deities1 "h call$ ,second>ies4 #d4 ,a peculi> dignity1 9 ! nature ( prec$5ce1 is accord$ especially to ,m9]va4 #e4 ,we h next not$ ! s+ul> union ( ,apollo ) ,jupit] 9 w & affection1 & ! relation ( bo? to him1 z ! prop] & regul> m9i/]s ( ! supreme disp5sations ( heav51 ap>t f ! p>tial & individual action ( p>ticul> gods4 #f4 ,! def5ce ( heav5 aga9/ rebellion is dimly record$ to h be5 ! act ( ,apollo2 & indisp5sable assi/ance 0 also r5d]$ on ano!r occasion to ,jupit] by ,m9]va4 #g4 ,^! great div9ities are nev] baffl$1 disgrac$1 or wor/$ 9 any transaction betwe5 !mselves & any o!r deity2 nor ev] exhibit$ by ! ,poet 9 a disadvantage\s or disp>ag+ position4 ,,ii4 ,po9ts ( di/9ction 9 _! t]re/rial relations & _! conditions ( physical exi/5ce4 #a4 ,!y 7 kn[n by m5 to be entitl$1 ei!r alone1 or 9 common ) ,jupit] only1 to a peculi> rev]5ce or hon\r4 #b4 ,!y 7 ! objects ( wor%ip 9 all p>ts ( ! ,hom]ic _w4 #c4 ,nei!r ( !m are b\nd to any local resid5ce 9 p>ticul>2 & = ,apollo !re is no trace ( any su* resid5ce at all4 #d4 ,!y are bo? ! objects1 ,m9]va m p>ticul>ly1 ( g5]al invocation & pray]1 irrespective ( place & circum/ances4 #e4 ,!y are exempt$ f ! *ief physical limitations1 z ( "t1 place1 & p]ceptive organs1 :i* are g5]ally impos$ ^u ! deities ( inv5tion4 #f4 ,!y h a sep>ate & indep5d5t p[] to puni% ^? :o (f5d !m1 )\t any ne$ ( an appeal to ,jupit]1 or to ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 #g4 ,!y are admitt$1 exclusively1 or 9 common ) ,juno only1 to a %>e 9 c]ta9 peculi> my?ological functions ( ,jupit] himself4 #h4 ,!y h a p[] ( mak+ revelations to m51 ?r\gh signs or port5ts significant ( ! future4 #i4 ,!y h a g5]al p[] ( extraord9>y or miracul\s action ^u nature1 to :i* sc>cely any o!r deity approa*es4 #aj4 ,! peculi> & my/]i\s relation ( ,apollo1 ) 8 si/] ,diana1 to dea?1 _c be und]/ood or acc\nt$ = f my?ological data4 #aa4 ,9 ! ex]cise ( _! p[] ov] nature1 ,m9]va & ,apollo are1 m ?an o!r deities1 exempt f ! ne$ ( resort to symbolic actions by way ( coop]ative means4 ,,iii4 ,po9ts ( di/9ction ) reg>d to _! p]sonal *>act]s4 #a4 ,_! moral tone is f> sup]ior to t ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt 9 g5]al4 #b4 ,!y are bo? peculi>ly associat$ ) ,jupit] 9 ! orig9al adm9i/ration ( ,provid5tial functions1 & are p>ticul>ly conc]n$ ) ! highe/1 mo/ e?ical1 & mo/ inw>d p>ts ( !m4 #c4 ,_! relation to _! my?ological attributes is diff]5t 9 k9d f t ( ! ord9>y ,olympian div9ities4 #d4 ,!y h a numb] & range ( attributes q )\t p>allel 9 ! ,olympian sy/em3 & yet ) ?is a capacity ( receiv+ new ones4 #e4 ,bo? 9 !mselves1 & 9 ref]5ce to t sy/em1 ! :ole conception ( ,apollo & ,m9]va1 if x be view$ my?ologically1 is full ( inexplicable anomaly3 & ! only solution to be f\nd is 9 ! recognition ( ! traditional basis1 on :i* ! ,hom]ic repres5tations ( !m mu/ be f\nd$4 ,al?\gh :at ,i h built ^u ?is evid5ce may be t]m$ an hypo!sis1 ! :ole ( ! evid5ce itself is circum/antial3 & ,i feel t ! effect ( x is n only to draw a broad l9e1 b almo/ to place an impassable gulf1 betwe5 su* div9ities z ! ,hom]ic ,m9]va & ,apollo1 on ! "o h&1 & ! ,hom]ic ,m>s1 ,v5us1 ,vulcan1 & ,m]cury on ! o!r4 ,! diff]5ces betwe5 !m are1 h[ev]1 graduat$ & %ad$ (f by ! int]position1 fir/1 ( ! m9or traditive deities1 su* z ,latona & ,diana2 &1 secondly1 ( ! greate/ among ! ,olympian p]sonages *iefly or :olly my?ological1 su* z ,neptune & ,juno3 & x is probably ?is graduation1 runn+ ?r\gh ! ,olympian body1 :i* has prev5t$ our duly appreciat+ ! imm5se int]val t lies betwe5 its extremes4 ,x is to ! indefatigable /ud5ts ( ,g]many t we1 ! less labori\s ,engli%1 are1 along ) ! re/ ( ! _w1 indebt$ = :at may be call$ ! sy/ematic treatm5t ( ! ,hom]ic poems ) respect to ! facts !y conta94 ,to amass evid5ce is "o ?+2 to p5etrate into its he>t & _s1 is ano!r4 ,! =m] )\t ! latt] is insuffici5t2 b ! =m] is to ! latt] an indisp5sable prelim9>y4 ,! works ( ,hom] %\ld be view$1 & _! te/imony regi/]$1 l ! ph5om5a ( a geological p]iod3 s un5cumb]$ is he ) speculation or ! bias ( op9ion2 s true1 cle>1 direct1 & unmix$ is 8 exhibition ( hi/orical & moral fact4 ,?is me?od ( inve/igation1 hone/ly pursu$1 c>ries ) x an adequate & a self-act+ provision = ! correction ( its own errors4 ,explanation by ,fri$rei*4 ,s9ce ,i comm5c$ ! exam9ation ( ! "q n[ be=e u1 !re has appe>$ ! second edition ( a "w1 :i* ,i believe to be ! late/ comp5dium ( :at may be call$ ! facts ( ! ,hom]ic poems1 by ,j4 ,b4 ,fri$rei*4 ,i f9d t ?is writ] has be5 /ruck by ! ov]p[]+ evid5ce ( ! ve/iges ( an e>ly revelation 9 ! *>act]s ( ! ,hom]ic ,m9]va & ,apollo#bdf4 ,he obs]ves ! sep>ate "* ( _! relations bo? to ,jupit] & to mank9d2 assigns to !m an unb\nd$ p[] ov] all ev5ts & ! :ole ( human life2 & says1 #8,?is ,triad ( ,zeus1 ,a!ne1 & ,apollo1 be>s an unmi/akeable analogy to ! ,*ri/ian ,tr9ity1 ( ,fa!r1 ,holy ,gho/1 & ,son3 ,jupit] answ]+ to ,god ! ,fa!r1 ,a!ne to ! ,holy ,gho/1 & ,apollo to ! ,son ( ,god1 ! ,decl>] ( ! w ( ,8 ,heav5ly ,fa!r3 l z1 fur!rmore1 ! e>ly ,*ri/ians h l>gely comp>$ ,*ri/ ) ,apollo4' #bdf ,die ,reali5 9 d] ,iliade und ,odyssee von ,j4 ,b4 ,fri$rei*4 ,erlang51 #ahef4 ,9 ?ree p>ts4 ,see ,p4 iii4 4 #aid4 p4 #fce1 & 4 #aih4 p4 #fhi4 ,mure obs]ves on ! sublimity ( ! ,apollo ( ,hom]3 b 8 acc\nt ( ! deities ( ! poems is brief & r slight4 ,b4 ,,ii4 *4 xii4 sect4 #d4 ,9 ?is repres5tation ,i f9d a fundam5tal agreem5t ) ! views express$ 9 ! pres5t "w4 ,b ,i v5ture to ?9k t ! p>ticul> mode ( ! relation betwe5 ! ,hom]ic & ! primitive tradition1 :i* has be5 set =? 9 ?is "w1 is m natural & probable ?an t ass]t$ by ,fri$rei*4 ,z x has be5 "h repres5t$1 we are to consid] ! primitive tradition z dis9tegrat$ & subdivid$4 ,fir/1 t ( ! ,r$eem] is sev]$ f t ( ! ,holy ,tr9ity4 ,next1 its two aspects ( ! ,wisdom & ! ,messiah1 become two imp]sonations4 ,& !n ! imp]sonation :i* repres5ts ! tradition prop]ly ,messianic1 is itself aga9 subject$ to duplication4 ,z ! result ( ?is ?reefold op]ation1 we h-- #a4 ,! tr9e ,kronid bro!rhood4 #b4 ,m9]va & ,apollo4 #c4 ,apollo & ,diana4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! sev]ance always be+1 to get rid ( "s difficulty1 enc\nt]$ by ! human appreh5sion 9 embrac+ ! integral tradition4 ,! difficulty at ! fir/ /ep 0 to reconcile equality1 or :at ! ,*ri/ian dogma m pr(\ndly t]ms consub/antiality1 ) a m9i/]ial manife/ation4 ,! difficulty at ! second /ep probably 0 to comb9e 9 "o imp]sonation two gr\ps ( images1 ! "o 7! ,wisdom71 relat+ to function t dwells purely 9 ! ,godhead2 ! o!r1 to function conta9+ ! elem5t ( humanity2 x 01 9 %ort1 to grasp ! doctr9e1 #8,"o altoge!r2 n by confusion ( ,sub/ance1 b by unity ( ,p]son4' ,! difficulty at ! ?ird /ep app>5tly 01 z has be5 /at$1 to associate ! ideal ( a /rict & sev]e *a/ity ) any b a female nature4 ,!re is no "q n[ be=e u z to ,apollo3 ! po9t at issue is1 :e!r we are to reg>d ! ,a!ne1 or ,m9]va1 ( ,hom] z d]iv$ f traditions ( ! ,logos1 or f traditions ( ! ,holy ,_s4 ,i urge ! =m]1 = ! foll[+ reasons3 #a4 ,sett+ aside :at 0 involv$ 9 ! doctr9e ( a ,tr9ity 7:i* is o!rwise repres5t$71 we h no evid5ce t !re 0 any su* sub/antive body ( primitive tradition respect+ ! ,holy ,_s1 z w\ld be likely to =m ! nucleus ( a sep>ate my?ological imp]sonation1 & especially ( "o end[$ ) su* compreh5siv5ess1 solidity1 & activity ( function z ,m9]va4 ,:]eas x appe>s t !re 0 t k9d ( sub/antive tradition ) respect to ! 1 ! ,^w or ,wisdom ( ,god4 #b4 ,9 ! ord] ( primitive tradition1 ! ,son ( ,god w\ld prec$e ! ,holy ,_s1 z is ! case 9 ! ord] ( ! ,*ri/ian dogma2 & ! fragm5ts ( su* tradition1 :5 c>ri$ into my?ology1 w\ld pres]ve & probably exagg]ate1 at any rate w\ld n inv]t1 ! relation4 ,b 9 ! ,hom]ic my?ology1 ,m9]va has a decid$ practical prec$5ce ov] ,apollo1 & above all1 :5 !y come into collision1 x is ,apollo t yields1 z 9 ! incid5ts ( ! ,sev5? & ,t5? ,iliads1 & 9 ! g5]al issue ( ! ,trojan w>4 #c4 ,b ?is diff]5ce is j :at might be expect$ to foll[1 ^u ! natural div]g5ce ( ! two traditions ( ! ,^w & ! ,inc>nate ,messiah respectively4 ,! latt]1 z m human1 w\ld take rank aft] ! =m] z m ,div9e4 #d4 ,we h also f\nd a great] t5d5cy on ! "p ( ,m9]va to act indep5d5tly ( ,jupit]4 ,?is is no unnatural div]sion f ! tradition ( ! 1 b x w\ld be h>d to connect ideally ) ! ,holy ,_s1 :o has n1 9 ! anci5t tradition1 ! same am\nt or k9d ( sep>ate developm5t z ! ,messiah4 ,mll]'s treatm5t ( ,apollo4 ,! functions ( ,apollo1 & ! nature1 ext5t1 & hi/ory ( 8 wor%ip h be5 inve/igat$ at great l5g? by ,mll]1 9 ! ,second ,book ( 8 le>n$ & able ,hi/ory & ,antiquities ( ! ,doric race4 ,he has %[n ! imm5se importance ( ?is deity 9 ,greek hi/ory & religion1 rea*+ e :]e1 & embrac+ e object & purpose4 ,he recognises ! app>5t antagonism subsi/+ among 8 inf9itely v>i$ functions2 :i* he makes elaborate & +5i\s1 b ,i ?9k necess>ily insuffici5t1 ef=ts to trace ideally to an union ( orig9 )9 ! my?ological sy/em4 ,8 hypo!sis1 t ! wor%ip ( ,apollo 0 :olly due to ,dorian influ5ce1 requires ! support ( ! mo/ viol5tly /ra9$ assumptions2 z = example1 t its preval5ce1 app>5tly at all po9ts1 9 ,troas is to be acc\nt$ = by ,cretan influ5ces !re1 :i*1 at ! mo/1 tradition w\ld only w>rant u 9 believ+ to h exi/$ 9 a v contract$ =m1 & ) influ5ce altoge!r second>y4 ,altoge!r1 ?is %e] ,dorianism ( ,apollo is at v>iance ) ! :ole _s & effect ( ! ,hom]ic te/imony2 = 9 ,hom] ! ,dorians are insignificant & undevelop$1 :ile ! p[] & wor%ip ( ,apollo _h atta9$1 z we h se51 to an extraord9>y height1 & to ! v broade/ range4 ,aga91 ,mll]#bdg ackn[l$ges ! great difficulty ( ! dualism pres5t$ to u by ! figures1 concurr+ z !y d 9 su* rem>kable functions1 ( ,apollo & ,diana3 a difficulty1 :i* he seems to ?9k incapable ( full explanation4 ,:ile atta*+ great value to 8 treatise1 ,i h ! less hesitation 9 adopt+ conclusions t he does n au?orize1 because 8 "w is bas$ 9 "s degree ^u t 7z ,i presume to ?9k7 defective mode ( appreciation ( ! ,hom]ic z comp>$ ) ! lat] traditions1 aga9/ :i* ,i h v5tur$ to prote/1 & f ! consequ5ces ( :i* x is "o ( my ma9 objects to effect at lea/ a p>tial escape4 #bdg ,b4 ,,ii4 *4 ix4 #b4 & #i4 ,x w h appe>$ f ?is g5]al acc\nt ( ! traditive *>act]s ( ,apollo & ,m9]va1 t ! =m] repres5t$ ! tradition ( a p]son1 & ! latt] ( an idea4 ,accord+ly1 ! orig9al "* ( ,apollo1 :i* he bore dur+ ! infancy ( ! my?ical sy/em1 is 9 _m po9ts ! m significantly m>k$2 z = example1 by 8 %>e 9 ! ,w> ) ! ,giants1 & by 8 my/]i\s relation to ,dea?4 ,b x 0 natural t1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 z tradition 9 g5]al grew weak] ) ! increas+ di/ance f its s\rce1 & z ! inv5tive sy/em enl>g$ its developm5t1 ^? p>ticul> traditions1 :i* 7 self-expla9$ by hav+ _! root 9 an intelligible idea1 %\ld hold _! gr\nd mu* bett] ?an su* z _h become my?ical & arbitr>y by hav+ lo/ _! key4 ,! traditional ,m9]va _h an an*orage 9 ! great function ( ,wisdom2 ! traditional ,apollo _h no support equal to ?is 9 bread? & dep?2 & 8 attributes1 ! b& ( revelation be+ remov$1 lo/ _! h>mony & c\ld ill be held toge!r4 ,accord+ly we f9d t 9 ! lat] ages ( ! my?ology ,apollo _h lo/ mu* ( :at 0 transc5dant 9 8 importance1 b t ,m9]va reta9$ h] full rank4 ,"o & ! same ,ode ( ,horace supplies ! pro( ( bo?4 ,he places ,apollo on a level n only ) ,diana1 b ) ,bac*us#bdh3 #bdh ,hor4 ,od4 ,i4 xii4 #ba4 ,prliis audax1 neque te silebo1 ,lib]3 et svis inimica virgo ,belluis2 nec te mutu5de c]t1 ,phbe1 sagitt4 ,b1 aft] hav+ describ$ ! supreme & transc5dant dignity ( ,jupit]1 he at once proce$s to place ,pallas be=e e o!r deity )\t exception#bdi3 #bdi ,ibid4 #ag4 ,comp>e ! passages cit$ by ,ngelsba*1 ,hom4 ,!ol4 ,i4 ii4 #ba4 ,hesiod ,!og4 #hif4 ,callim4 ,lav4 ,pall4 #acb4 ,plut>*4 ,sympos4 ii4 p4 #fag4 ,c4 ,p9d4 ,fragm4 xi4 #i4 & ! ,orphic ,poet 9 ,dntz]1 p4 #i4 ,unde nl majus g5]atur ipso3 ,nec viget quicquam simile aut secundum2 ,proximos illi tam5 occupavit ,pallas honores4 ,i w n[ pass on to consid] ! rema9+ ve/iges ( orig9al tradition p]ceivable 9 ,hom]4 ,! ,diana ( ,hom]4 ,l ! ,moon to ! ,sun1 an analogy ma9ta9$ by _! respective assumption ( ! two *>act]s 9 ! lat] my?ology1 ,diana is a reflection1 & 9 mo/ respects a fa9t reflection1 ( ,apollo4 ,%e 0 wor%ipp$1 says ,mll]#bej1 9 ! "* ( #8z x 7 a "p ( ! same deity4' ,he collects & reviews1 f ! :ole circle ( ,greek hi/ory & my?ology1 ! po9ts ( co9cid5ce betwe5 !m3 & notices p>ticul>ly1 t l him %e is bo? & 1 bo? ! de/roy] & ! pres]v]2 t %e adm9i/]s h] (fice z angel ( ,dea?1 sometimes 9 wra? & sometimes )\t x2 & t h] "n ,artemis1 mean+1 z he conceives1 heal?y & un9jur$1 is 9 close correspond5ce ) ^? ( ,phbus ,apollo4 #bej ,dorians1 ii4 *4 #i4 ,all ?is is 9 con=mity ) :at we ga!r f ! poems ( ,hom]3 b ^? poems h sp>$ u _m ( ! confus$ & p]plex+ ph5om5a1 :i* are pres5t$ by ! lat] my?ology4 ,"o side ( ! divid$ ,messianic tradition1 its purity1 is be/ repres5t$ 9 ,diana1 ?r\gh h] sev]e & spotless *a/ity4 ,its =ce & scope are mu* m l>gely develop$ 9 ,apollo4 ,b ?is high purity1 & ! d\ble aspect ( ! m9i/ry ( ,dea?1 appe> to be ( !mselves suffici5t to /amp h] beyond mi/ake ) a tradition>y orig94 ,small resemblances1 too1 z well z great ones1 are traceable 9 ,hom] betwe5 h] & ,apollo1 su* z h] gold5 ?rone & gold5 di/aff1 :i* may be comp>$ to 8 gold5 sword1 ! sword ( primeval light3 & ev5 ^! m9or correspond5ces may 9 _! own degree be> witness to ! orig9al & integral %ape ( ! tradition4 ,if %e is ?us clo!d 9 a sort ( lun> light1 & is 9 ! ma9 a reflection ( ,apollo ^u e>?1 su* we may probably consid] ,p]sephone 9 ! ,%ades#bea4 #bea ,see #8,p]sephone' 9 section iii4 ,let u1 h[ev]1 consid] :at c be ga!r$ f ,hom] z to ! attributes ( ,diana4 ,?is deity w\ld appe> to h be51 accord+ to him1 a deity ( univ]sal wor%ip4 ,we may p]haps safely inf] ?us mu* f ! s+le fact ( h] m9i/ry ( ,dea?4 ,%e is also repres5t$ z ext5d+ h] ag5cy to ,troy1 :]e %e taught ,scam&rius to hunt#beb2 probably to ,crete1 9 ! case ( ! daught]s ( ,p&>eos2 %e is invok$ 9 ,i?aca by ,p5elope1 puts ,ariadne to dea? 9 ,dia1 ex]cises a simil> function = ! wom5 9 1 s5ds ! ,calydonian bo> = a defect ( homage 9 tolia1 & is famili>ly m5tion$ 9 connection ) ! ,greeks g5]ally1 :ile h] place 9 ! ,!oma*y may suffice to m>k h] z also a ,pelasgian goddess4 ,9 mo/ po9ts1 h[ev]1 %e p>takes l>gely1 z might be expect$1 ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ord9>y deities ( inv5tion4 ,_h %e repeat$ all ! *ief notes ( ,apollo1 & ) any ?+ l an equal =ce1 ! "q ( traditional orig9 w\ld p]haps h be5 m d\btful ?an x n[ is4 #beb ,il4 v4 #di-eb4 ,:5 %e is invok$ by ,p5elope1 x is 9 connection ) h] %>e ( ! special m9i/ry ( dea?#bec4 ,%e is n[h]e else made ! object ( pray]4 #bec ,od4 xx4 #fa4 ,x is h] deep res5tm5t at ! omission ( sacrifice :i* provokes h] to s5d ! ,calydonian bo>#bed4 ,9 ! ,fif? ,iliad1 %e & h] "m ,latona appe> z deities purely subsidi>y to ,apollo4 ,he deposits neas 9 8 temple3 !re1 n 9 a temple ( _! own1 ,latona & ,diana att5d ^u & heal him#bee4 #bed ,il4 ix4 #ecc-g4 #bee ,il4 v4 #ddd-g4 ,9 ! ,!oma*y1 %e is treat$ ) ! same ignom9y z ,m>s & ,v5us1 b by ,juno in/ead ( ,m9]va4 ,h] rail+ address to ,apollo is conceiv$ 9 ! l[] & n 9 ! high] _s 7,il4 xxi4 #dgb-g74 ,%e nev] assumes a g5]al p[]1 ei!r ov] man 9 m9d or body1 or ov] outw>d nature4 ,%e has no %>e 9 ! g5]al movem5t ( ei!r poem1 & is introduc$ 9 ! great majority ( in/ances by way ( allusion only4 ,h] ne> relation to ,apollo gives a c]ta9 gr&eur to h] position3 b ! inv5tive elem5ts ( ! repres5tation greatly obscure & ev5 p>tially ov]be> ! traditional4 ,h] side 9 ! ,trojan w> is to be expla9$ by h] relation to ,apollo4 ,9 all o!r po9ts %e seems to be a goddess ( associations m prop]ly ,greek1 p]haps 9 consequ5ce ( _! great] addiction to hunt+4 ,9 treat+ ! ,hom]ic ,diana z a p]sonage pr9cipally ancill>y to ,apollo1 & equipp$ ) reflections1 or /ray fragm5ts1 ( pr]ogatives *iefly belong+ to him1 ,i d n attempt to =eclose ! "q :at may h be5 ! orig9 ( h] "n1 or :e!r %e may be connect$ ) any my?ological orig9al 9 ! religions ( ! ,ea/ or ( ,egypt4 ,dll+] conceives t ! union ( ,diana ) ,apollo 0 ,greek1 & t !y 7 n orig9ally 9 relation ) "o ano!r2 :ile he ju/ly obs]ves1 t ?is deity1 l ,apollo1 has a great & inexplicable div]sity ( function4 ,%e1 l o!r deities ( ,greece1 has be5 ?\ght to repres5t ! ,a/>te ( ! ,syrians4 ,aga91 ,h]odotus#bef has giv5 u mo/ curi\s in=mation respect+ ! gods ( ! ,scy?ians1 :om we h f\nd to be relat$ to ! ,pelasgi4 ,!y wor%ip1 he /ates1 ! ,cele/ial ,v5us "u ! "n ( ,artimpasa4 ,?is "n1 x has be5 +5i\sly conjectur$#beg1 is compos$ 7#a7 ( ! "n ,mitra1 :i* ! ,p]sians gave to ,v5us#beh1 & :i* rev]s$ becomes ,artim1 & 7#b7 ( ! ,sanscrit ,bhas1 mean+ %9e1 & ?us correspond+ ) ! ( ,apollo1 & ! ( ,pallas3 all ( !m be+1 z x 71 %r$s ( ! tradition fully repres5t$ 9 ! ,%e*9ah ( ! ,jews1 & ! #8,light' ( ,sa9t ,john4 ,?is also corresponds ) ! clu/] ( gold5 epi!ts1 ! 1 1 & 1 :i* ,hom] applies to ,diana3 & ! v feebl5ess ( ,diana 9 ! ,!oma*y sugge/s t ! ,ea/]n prototype ( ,v5us1 ! ,mitra ( ! ,p]sians1 0 orig9ally no m ?an a deg5]ate d]ivation f a high] tradition1 :i* f\nd a m natural1 b /ill only a p>tial1 expression 9 ! maje/ic & *a/e1 z well z beautiful1 ,artemis4 #bef ,h]od1 iv4 #ei4 #beg ,wels=d on ! ,engli% ,language1 *ap4 iii4 p4 #gh4 #beh ,h]od1 i4 #aca4 ,! ,latona ( ,hom]4 ,we h next to consid] ! ,hom]ic del9eation ( ,latona1 ! "m ( ,apollo & ( ,diana4 ,x is sc>cely possible to avoid be+ /ruck1 on turn+ to ?is portraiture1 ) ! contra/ betwe5 ! slightness ( ! outl9e & ! real dignity ( ! features & position4 ,?is contra/1 l ! great] "o relat+ to ,apollo1 seems to h its key 9 ! traditional orig9 ( ! repres5tation3 & !re is no "o ,hom]ic deity1 ^: case1 :5 fully consid]$1 c af=d a m m>k$ te/imony to ! hypo!sis ( a /rong elem5t ( traditive !ology 9 ! religi\s sy/em ( ! ,poems4 ,:y has %e a position s diff]5t f t ( any o!r wife or concub9e ( ,jupit]3 su*1 = example1 z ,dione or ,demet]8 ,:y is x s mu* elevat$ above t ( any among !m1 except only ,juno8 ,h[ comes %e to h a son s incomp>ably sup]ior 9 rank1 9 p[]1 & 9 ! affections ( 8 fa!r1 to any *ild ( ,juno h]self1 ! 8 ,:y1 be+ ?us great1 is %e :olly unfurni%$ ) attributes or functions1 ei!r g5]al or specific8 ,:y1 on ! o!r h&1 does s mu* obscurity hang ab\t h] orig91 & :at are we to say z to h] div9ity1 9 answ] to ! "q1 :e!r x 0 orig9al or acquir$8 ,! "n ( ,latona appe>s to h be5 a p]petual puzzle to ! exp\nd]s ( ,greek my?ology4 ,x is tak5 to mean ,night1 :i*1 comb9$ ) ,day1 produces ! ,sun#bei2 or #8obscure1' or #8conceal$1' z t f :i* issues ! visible deity1 ! ,sun 9 heav54 ,b surely ^! explanations c h no be>+ ^u ! ,hom]ic my?ology1 :]e x is matt] ( "q ev5 :e!r ,apollo & ! ,sun h any mutual relations at all1 & :]e x is q cle> t ! p]sonality ( ,apollo is f> old] & rip]1 z well z f> high] & m compreh5sive2 :i* implies ( necessity1 t ,latona mu/ h be5 kn[n1 & mu/ h held h] place1 q ap>t f any relation to ! ,sun4 ,an explanation ( ?is k9d is simply an indication1 t ! problem has n yet be5 solv$4 #bei ,dll+] ,heid4 u4 ,jud4 p4 #ga4 ,smi?'s ,dict4 art4 ,leto4 ,b n[1 if we presume ,apollo to be ! repres5tative ( ! ,messianic tradition1 t ! ,se$ ( ! woman %\ld cru% ! s]p5t's head1 ! /ate ( ! case is entirely *ang$4 ,& ! explanation ( ! "n 9 p>ticul>1 in/ead ( be+ hopeless1 becomes easy1 & ev5 auxili>y to ! g5]al hypo!sis4 ,= n[ ,latona /&s 9 ! tradition z a p]son ant]ior to ! :ole ,olympian my?ology3 a p]son = ^: extraction t my?ology does n & ought n to acc\nt4 ,its ,jupit] & ,juno are ref]r$ to a p>5tage1 t ( & 1 & ?r\gh ^! p]haps afre% to ,oceanus & ,te?ys z _! ultimate s\rce4 ,ev]y?+1 aga91 t is connect$ ) ! g5esis ( ! ,olympian sy/em1 prop]ly s call$1 is made to con=m to an?ropomorph\s ideas3 b "h are two ( its deities1 "o ( !m among its v greate/1 :o h a "m t =ms "p ( ! e>lie/ kn[n tradition respect+ !m1 :ile t "m is h]self )\t an orig94 ,:at c\ld be m natural1 ?an t a "n %\ld fa/5 itself ^u h]1 simply import+ t1 illu/ri\s z 0 h] mo!rhood1 ! f\nta9-head ( h] own life & de/9y 0 lo/ 9 oblivion8 ,= x lay beyond ! po9t f :i* all my?ical k 0 held to spr+4 ,a c]ta9 mo!rhood 0 kn[n ( h]1 & t 0 all4 ,aga91 ! "m ( ! ,deliv]] 0 to be a woman4 ,b 9 ! ,greek my?ology x c\ld n be1 t a woman %\ld /& z ! giv] ( life to "o ( its mo/ augu/ div9ities4 ,yet ! woman ( ! tradition c\ld n be transf]r$ f ! tradition z a great sub/antive p]sonage into ! ,greek my?ology1 because 9 ! tradition %e /ood an unembelli%$ figure1 :olly )\t attributes4 ,h5ce inv5tion w\ld1 on tak+ ov] ! tradition1 be at fault2 & c\ld n b pres5t to u an ambigu\s & inconsi/5t picture1 su* z n[ /&s be=e u 9 ! ,latona ( ,hom]4 ,let u next set =? ! facts reg>d+ ,latona1 z !y /& 9 ! poems4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !n1 h] div9ity is beyond all d\bt2 = %e is "o ( ^? deities :o take "p 9 ! w>#bfj1 & ?is al?\gh1 almo/ alone among !m1 %e has no (fice :atev] to associate h] ) x1 & no "p to play 9 ! conduct ( x4 ,%e ranges h]self on ! side ( ! ,trojans2 app>5tly1 l ,diana1 drawn 9 t direction by ,apollo1 ! c5tral & really important figure ( ! gr\p4 ,:ile ,v5us1 :o appe>s 9 ! fir/ enum]ation1 is omitt$ 9 ! array#bfa ( deities = action1 ,latona has ,m]cury assign$ to h] = an antagoni/4 ,&1 :5 ! crisis comes1 we obs]ve 9 h] case a m>k$ in/ance ( t c>e1 ) :i* ,hom] pres]ves h]1 l ! great] traditive deities1 f any?+ l discr$it4 ,m]cury decl9es ! combat1 on ! gr\nd t x is h>d to fight aga9/ ! wives ( ,jupit]2 & tells h] %e is at lib]ty to ann\nce t %e has vanqui%$ him4 ,:5ce has ?is pale & col\rless figure su* v high hon\r s jeal\sly ass]t$ = h]#bfb8 #bfj ,il4 xx4 #dj4 #bfa ,ibid4 #gb4 #bfb ,il4 xx4 #dig-eja4 ,:5 ,niobe1 pr\d ( h] num]\s (fspr+1 taunts ,latona z ! "m ( only two *ildr51 summ>y & awful puni%m5t foll[s3 ! *ildr5 are sla91 ! unhappy "m is turn$ to /one4 ,yet %e h]self takes no "p 9 ! v5geance1 a fact rem>kably 9 h>mony ) h] place z def9$ by ! primitive tradition ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,( ! ?ree or f\r suff]+ figures 9 ! ,%ades1 only "o has ! cause ( 8 puni%m5t /at$1 & x is mu* ! sev]e/ ( all4 ,x is ,tityus1 ^: entrails are cont9ually dev\r$ by vultures1 because he (f]$ viol5ce to ,latona z %e 0 go+ to ! ,py?ian temple ( h] son4 ,:51 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad1 ,jupit] recites ! mo!rs ( c]ta9 ( 8 (fspr+1 beg9n+ ) wom5 & end+ ) goddesses1 ,latona appe>s 9 ! latt] category1 aft] ,c]es & be=e ,juno3 &1 z ! scale is an asc5d+ "o1 %e mu/ cle>ly rank be=e ! fir/ & next to ! la/ nam$ deity4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 v>i\s indications t ?is _h n always be5 s3 b t1 accord+ to orig9al tradition1 %e _h be5 ( ! human ord]1 & _h und]gone a sort ( translation into ! ranks ( ! ,immortals4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ! taunt ( ,niobe4 ,! boa/ ( ri*] fecundity is natural 9 a human "m's m\?1 z aga9/ ano!r "m reput$ to be human#bfc2 b entirely /range & absurd1 if we suppose x direct$ aga9/ a deity4 ,dione & ,demet] h b "o *ild ea*4 ,nor is !re a m>k$ diff]5ce 9 ?is respect betwe5 ! ,latona & ! ,juno ( ,hom]2 = ,juno's *ildr5 are b two1 or at mo/ ?ree#bfd4 #bfc ,il4 xxiv4 #fjh4 #bfd ,i d n reckon ! 1 :o appe> to be purely poetical & figurative daught]s ( ,juno1 l ! ,muses ( ,jupit]2 & z ,t]ror is ! son ( ,m>s4 ,il4 xi4 #bgj4 #a4 ii4 #dia4 xiii4 #bii4 ,next1 we c acc\nt = ! orig9 & p>5tage ( all ! great ,olympian deities ( ,hom]1 ) ! s+le exception ( ,latona4 ,%e is no "o's daught]1 no "o's si/]3 b is a wife 7t also equivocally71 & a "m only4 ,:51 inde$1 we "p company ) ,hom]1 ! sc5e *anges1 & a fa!r is f\nd = h] 9 ! ,hymns3 %e is ! daught]1 accord+ to "o read+1 ( ,saturn1 #bfe4 #bfe ,hymn4 ad ,apoll4 #fb4 ,9 ,hesiod %e is ! daught] ( a ,titan3 b ev5 "h %e reta9s ?is m>k ( a mo/ anci5t tradition1 t %e is said to h be5 m>ri$ to ,jupit] be=e ! great ,juno#bff3 ?\gh %e comes aft] ,metis1 or ,wisdom1 ! olde/ ( all 8 consorts2 an ord] n at v>iance ) ! traditional ideas4 #bff ,!ogon4 #iah-ba4 ,h] anomal\s position 9 my?ology4 ,b !re mu/ h be5 "s cause or process t br\ght h] into ! ,hom]ic ,olympus1 an anomaly alike among mortals & ,immortals4 ,:at c\ld x h be51 except an illu/ri\s mat]nity1 to acc\nt = h] elevation1 & at ! same "t h] orig9al womanhood to acc\nt = ! blank 9 ! desc5t & consangu9ity1 & = h] total want ( attributes8 ,x mu/ be grant$ t !re is a c]ta9 degree ( resemblance betwe5 ,latona & ,dione3 turn+ ma9ly ^u ?is1 t ,dione seems to be 9 ,olympus )\t ei!r dignity or p[]1 & simply z ! vehicle1 ?r\gh :i* h] daught] ,v5us 0 br\ght into exi/5ce4 ,b !n ! want ( basis is 9 h] case imm$iately made evid5t by results4 ,ev5 9 ,hom] %e is n among ! gods ( ! ,!oma*y2 nor is %e nam$ among ! mo!rs 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,book2 & ,hesiod1 ?\gh %e is invok$ 9 ! suspect$ ,proem ( 8 ,!ogony1 entirely passes h] ov] 9 ! body ( x1 & furni%es ,v5us ) ano!r orig94 ,%e rema9s all b a ciph] ev] aft]4 ,aga91 ! epi!ts atta*$ to ,latona are su* z to leave h]1 & h] alone among all deities ( su* dignity1 :olly functionless1 & also :olly inactive4 ,i di/+ui% ! two1 because ,juno has only a limit$ function1 b %e has p[]1 & an imm5se activity4 ,latona has beauty & maje/y1 qualities :i* app]ta9 to e goddess z su*3 %e is 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 & 3 & we may obs]ve 9 ! m p]sonal portion ( ^! epi!ts h[ ,hom]1 ) 8 usual skill1 has avoid$ plac+ h] 9 any k9d ( rivalry ) ,juno1 :o is usually prais$ = h] eyes & arms1 n h] *eeks & hair4 ,b !y all leave h] void ( purpose2 & %e mu/ /& z a %e] anomaly1 unless !re is "s bett] explanation ( h] be+ & place 9 my?ology1 ?an my?ology itself c supply4 ,h] relation to primitive ,tradition4 ,ev5 9 ! lat] tradition1 ,latona nev] ga9s a def9ite (fice3 %e rema9s all along )\t any mean+ or purpose intr9sic to h]self3 %e %9es only 9 ! reflect$ glory ( h] (fspr+1 & is commonly wor%ipp$ only 9 union ) !m#bfg4 ,if !re=e x has be5 %[n1 t ! my?ological "* ( ,apollo is cle>ly ! vehicle ( ! anci5t tradition1 kn[n to u 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis1 respect+ ! ,se$ ( ! woman1 x seems pla9 t 9 ,latona is repres5t$ ! woman f :om t ,se$ 0 to spr+4 #bfg ,smi?'s ,dict41 art4 ,leto4 ,i d n presume to ent] into ! "q :e!r we ought to consid] t ! ,latona ( ,hom] repres5ts ! ,bless$ ,virg91 :o 0 div9ely elect$ to be ! actual "m ( our ,"l2 or r our anci5t "m ,eve1 ^: se$ ,he 0 also 9 a peculi> s5se to be4 ,s f> z p]sonal application is conc]n$1 ! same argum5ts might be us$ ^u ! subject1 z ^u ! int]pretation ( ! orig9al promise record$ 9 ,scripture3 & ! "q is "o r ( ! int]pretation ( ,scripture1 ?an ( ,hom]4 ,! relation :i* appe>s to me to be prov$ f ! text ( ! poems1 is betwe5 ! deity call$ ,latona & ! fifte5? v]se ( ! ?ird *apt] ( ,g5esis4 ,z to all beyond ?is1 ,i %\ld suppose x p]haps m j to reg>d h] z a typical p]son1 exhibit+ ?r\gh womanhood ! tru? ( our ,bless$ ,"l's humanity1 ?an z ! m]e repres5tative ( any individual p]sonage4 ,backw>d z is ! position ( ,latona 9 ! practical religion ( ,hom]1 ! univ]sal recognition ( ! deity is suffici5tly e/abli%$3 on ! "o h& by h] place among ! deities ( ! ,trojan p>ty2 on ! o!r1 by ! puni%m5t ( ,niobe = an (f5ce aga9/ h] ei!r 9 ,greece1 or at ! lea/ 9 a recognis$ ,greek leg5d2 by ! puni%m5t ( ,tityus2 & by h] inclusion 9 ! ,catalogue ( ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad4 ,h] slightness ( action4 ,to ?is v rem>kable deity no utt]ance ( any k9d is ev] ascrib$ by ,hom]1 & )1 ,i ?9k1 ?ree small exceptions1 no?+ ( p]sonal & individual action4 ,ev5 :5 %e takes h] place among ! deities 9 ! array ( battle1 x is n said t %e /ood up aga9/ ,m]cury1 b simply t ,m]cury /ood up aga9/ h]#bfh4 #bfh ,il4 xx4 #gb4 ,! ?ree cases are z foll[s4 ,fir/1 :5 he makes ov] to h] ! victory 9 waiv+ ! fight1 %e (f]s no reply2 b simply picks up h] daught] ,diana's b[ & arr[s1 & goes aft] h]1 app>5tly ) ! int5tion ( (f]+ h] com=t4 ,! next action#bfi attribut$ to h] is ?is3 t :5 ,apollo#bgj has c>ri$ ! bruis$ & /unn$ neas into 8 temple on ,p]gamus1 ,latona & ,diana t5d him !re4 ,?us bo? ( ^! actions exhibit h] 9 /rict ideal subord9ation1 s to speak1 to "o ( h] *ildr51 z ?\gh by tradition %e exi/$ only = !m4 ,b ! second is especially rem>kable1 & alike illu/rative ( ! traditional basis ( ! ,"m & ( ! ,son4 #bfi ,il4 xxi4 #dif-ejd4 #bgj ,il4 v4 #dde4 et seqq4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z x appe>s to me1 !re c h>dly be a circum/ance m s+ul>1 accord+ to ! pr9ciples ( ! ,greek my?ology1 ?an t any "o deity %\ld be introduc$ z act+1 n 9 h] own temple1 b 9 ! temple ( ano!r4 ,su* h[ev] is "h ! case ) ,latona & ,diana 9 ! temple ( ,apollo4 ,next1 !y are act+ z purely m9i/]ial to him4 ,!y d n ent] into ! fray3 x is he :o has be5 !re1 & :o1 hav+ deposit$ neas1 imm$iately prosecutes ! affairs ( ! battle-field1 :ile !y1 z 8 satellites1 give effect to 8 purpose 9 sett+ ab\t ! re/oration ( ! disabl$ w>rior4 ,la/ly1 ! significance ( ?is action is rais$ to ! highe/ po9t1 :5 we recollect t ?is is a "m execut+ ! design ( h] son4 ,latona's action 9 ! ,tw5ty-fir/ ,book1 l t ( ,dione ) ,v5us1 c be acc\nt$ = by h] mat]nal "*4 ,b !re is no case 9 ! ,hom]ic poems besides ?is1 :]e we see a p>5t-god ?us act+ m9i/]ially 9 ! execution ( ! plans ( 8 or h] (fspr+4 ,! primeval tradition1 once admitt$ z ! basis ( ! my?ological gr\p1 furni%es u ) ! key to :at w\ld o!rwise be ano!r great anomaly4 ,! ?ird case is 9 entire h>mony ) ! o!r two4 ,tityus1 ! son ( ,e>?1 is tortur$ 9 ! ne!r _w = hav+ (f]$ viol5ce to ,latona1 & ! crime 0 committ$ :5 %e 0 on h] way ?r\gh ,panopeus to ,delphi4 ,?is 0 probably ! r\te f ,delos to t place3 s t aga9 ! poet seems to repres5t ,latona 9 close b subord9ate connection ) h] son1 by mak+ h] travel betwe5 ! seats ( 8 two already fam\s oracles4 ,apollo1 !n1 ) ,latona & ,diana1 =ms a gr\p2 & ! orig9 ( ! comb9ation is to be s\ght 9 primitive tradition4 ,x is n necess>y to %[ t ! p]sonages ?us associat$ ma9ta9$ _! association 9 all ! religions ( ! ,ea/4 ,i admit t we are n to suppose1 t ! idea ( ?is comb9ation pass$ direct f ! patri>*s into ,greece4 ,! mo/ natural place 9 :i* to seek = traces ( x w\ld be1 9 ! religion ( ! ,p]sians1 ant]ior to ! "t ( ,hom]4 ,un=tunately we h no acc\nts ( x at any su* date4 ,b our fail+ to f9d ^! ?ree deities 9 a company1 or to f9d any g]m :i* might h be5 develop$ into t company1 9 acc\nts lat] by probably five or six c5turies at lea/1 raises no presumption :atev] aga9/ ! hypo!sis t we may owe ! repres5tation1 z x /&s 9 ,hom]1 to hi/orical d]ivation ?r\gh ! =efa!rs ( ! ,hellic tribes1 f "s su* p]iod z t :51 = example1 ,abraham dwelt 9 ,ur ( ! ,*aldees#bga4 #bga ,g54 xi4 #ca4 ,acts vii4 #b4 ,! ,iris ( ,hom]4 ,iris1 ! mess5g] goddess1 ! la/1 & also by mu* ! lea/ important ( ! p]sonages to :om ,i ascribe a traditive orig91 is p]haps n ! lea/ cle> 9 h] title to x4 ,h] title to rank z "o ( ! deities ( ! ord9>y ,olympian assemblage is n subject to d\bt4 ,x dep5ds p>tly on ! fact t %e is always at h& !re4 ,b x is e/abli%$ m di/9ctly /ill by ! passage1 :i* repres5ts h] z c>ry+ to ! palace ( ,zephyr ! pray] ( ,a*illes4 ,%e f9ds ! ,w9ds engag$ 9 a banquet1 & !y eag]ly solicit h] to sit & fea/ ) !m4 ,%e answ]s !m1 l "o desir\s to escape f second-rate into fir/-rate company1 to ! effect t %e has n "t3 ! ,e?iopians are j ab\t supply+ ! great] gods ) a banquet f _! hecatombs2 & %e mu/ repair to t qu>t] accord+ly1 z o!rwise %e w lose h] %>e ( ! (f]+s#bgb4 #bgb ,il4 xxiii4 #aih-bab4 ,) respect to h] position g5]ally1 we h no m>k ( h] be+ =eign2 & all ! traditive deities1 x may be obs]v$1 are suffici5tly1 ?\gh n exclusively national4 ,aga91 we h no m>k ( h] be+ rec5t2 on ! contr>y1 %e is )\t p>5ts1 & ?is1 ?\gh n conclusive1 is a sign to ! opposite effect4 ,iris has no orig9al action :atev]1 b is simply a will+ s]vant ( o!r deities2 nor does %e disda9 spontane\sly to (ficiate on behalf ( a di/+ui%$ human object ( _! fav\r1 l ,a*illes#bgc4 ,only once h we an acc\nt ( h] br++ an ord] )\t ! "n ( ! s5d]3 x is :5 %e appe>s to ,hel51 & exhorts h] to repair to ! ,wall#bgd4 ,%e is n1 h[ev]1 said ev5 9 ?is place to act on h] own acc\nt2 & we ought probably to und]/& t1 accord+ to ! g5]al rule1 %e comes f ,jupit]4 ,x is add$1 t %e inspir$ ,hel5 ) a long+ s5tim5t t[>ds h] =m] husb& & c\ntry1 b ?is1 z is mo/ likely1 is meant simply to describe ! effect ( h] words 9 ! ord9>y mann] ( _! op]ation on ! und]/&+4 ,?is ancill>y "* ( ,iris is exactly :at %e w\ld be>1 if h] orig9 really lay 9 ! primitive tradition ( ! ra9b[4 #bgc ,il4 xxiii4 #aih-bab4 #bgd ,il4 iii4 #aba4 ,b :at seems decisively to e/abli% h] relation to t tradition is1 t %e is firmly connect$ 9 ,hom] ) two ?+s t h 9 !mselves no connection :atev]1 & betwe5 :i* t anci5t tradition is ! only l9k4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 h] id5tity ( "n is ! witness to h] orig9al connection ) ! ra9b[#bge3 :i*1 h[ev]1 z a /&+ & ord9>y ph5om5on ( nature1 did n be>1 ap>t f positive appo9tm5t1 9 any mann] ! "* ( a mess5g]3 & h5ce we f9d t by dis9tegration ! two ideas _h be5 entirely sep>at$ be=e ! "t ( ,hom]1 & ! "n itself is ! only rema9+ witness 9 ! poems to _! hav+ be5 at "s =m] p]iod associat$4 ,! function ( ! mess5g] 0 kept 9 action by ! occasions ( ! ,olympian family & polity4 ,9 ?is mann]1 z ! /rong] ( ! two ideas1 x held its gr\nd1 & took possession ( ! p]sonal ,iris1 :ile ! ra9b[1 ?\gh /ill conceiv$ ( z a sign to mortals#bgf1 appe>s to h be5 reg>d$ z sep>ate4 #bge ,il4 xi4 #bg4 #bgf ,il4 xi4 #bi4 ,( ! "* ( ! mess5g] we f9d t ,iris _h s completely become ! model1 t h] "n1 only modifi$ into ,iros1 is giv5 to ,arnu1 ! ribald & burly begg> ( ! ,odyssey1 only because he 0 a g-betwe51 or err&-c>ri]3 ' 1 #bgg4 #bgg ,od4 xviii4 #g4 ,! hypo!sis1 !n1 ( traditional orig9 is ! key1 & ! only key1 to ! position ( ! ,hom]ic ,iris4 ,! ,at ( ,hom]4 ,be=e quitt+ ! prec9ct ( ! primeval tradition discov]able 9 ,hom]1 we h yet "o v rem>kable gr\p ( imp]sonations to consid]1 t 9 :i* ! goddess is ! lead+ figure4 ,commonly reg>d$ z mean+ ,mis*ief1 ! ^w is n capable ( be+ fully r5d]$ 9 ,engli%3 b ,guile is its prim>y idea1 9 ! tra9 ( :i* come ! si/] notions ( ,folly & ,calamity4 bo? wi%es & sugge/s all ill to mortals2 b %e does n seem 9 ,hom] to h any p[] ( injur+ !m1 except ?r\gh *annels1 :i* h be5 :olly or p>tially op5$ to h] by _! own volition4 ,! ( ! lat] ,greeks is ,calamity simply1 ) a %ad[ ( ,de/9y hang+ 9 ! di/ance2 z 9 ! magnific5t figure ( ! lion's cub 9 s*ylus#bgh4 ,b ! ^w nev] be>s 9 ,hom] ! s5se ( calamity com+ simply f )\t4 ,?is is evid5t ev5 f ! l>ge & g5]al description1 :]e %e appe>s 9 company ) ! #bgi4 ,vigor\s & nimble1 %e ranges ov] ! :ole e>? = mis*ief4 ,aft] h]1 sl[ly lag ! ,pray]s or 1 hon\r$ h[ev] 9 be+1 l h]1 daught]s ( ,jupit]4 ,^! are limp+1 decrepit1 & unable to see /raight be=e !m4 ,! lead+ idea ( is n =ce1 b cunn+4 ,%e is ! p[] t tempts & misleads m5 to _! own co/ or ru91 z !y aft]w>ds f9d out4 ,nay1 %e tempts ! deity also3 = %e beguiles ev5 ,jupit] himself#bhj :5 ,h]cules is ab\t to be born1 & induces him ?\ghtlessly to promise :at w1 ?r\gh ,juno's craft1 ov]turn 8 own de>ly *]i%$ plans4 ,= ?is excess ( d>+1 h[ev]1 %e h]self suff]s4 ,jupit] seizes h] by ! hair1 & hurls h] f ,olympus1 app>5tly h] native seat4 ,!nce=w>d %e c only ex]cise h] function among m52 :o1 :5 !y h yield$ to ! s$uction1 & ta/$ ! a%es "u ! gold5 fruit1 at l5g? set ab\t rep5tance or pray]3 #bgh s*4 ,agam4 #fif-gae4 #bgi ,il4 ix4 #dii-ead4 #bhj ,il4 xix4 #ie seqq4 ,all lo/6 to pray]s1 to pray]s6 all lo/6#bha #bha ,tempe/1 ,i4 #a4 ,n[ ?\gh ! imp]sonation ( ,at 9 ,hom] is "o ( ! indet]m9ate class1 x is surely a mi/ake to treat x z repres5t+ ! m]e poetical incorporation ( an ab/ract idea4 ,on ! contr>y1 we seem to f9d 9 x ! old tradition ( ! ,evil ,"o z ! ,tempt]2 & x may be said t ! ^w ,temptress w\ld be/ repres5t ! ,hom]ic idea ( 4 ,9 ?is s5se x w supply a consi/5t mean+ to ! f9e passage 9 ! spee* ( ,phnix3 = we are swift1 s says ! ,poet1 to fall into temptation1 & to (f5d1 +5i\s only 9 n see+ our fault1 & cov]+ x ) excuses3 b sl[1 & l ! half-he>t$1 decrepit 1 :5 we h to make our entreaties = p>don1 & to ?9k ( re/itution & am5dm5t4 ,yet z ev5 ! gods li/5 to _! entreaties1 #8s1' says ,phnix1 #8%\ld/ ?\1 ,o ,a*illes3 & if ?\ do/ n1 !n maye/ yet ?yself fall4' ,b if meant only mis=tune1 ! passage loses all its h>mony1 & ev5 becomes absurd2 = surely none w say t m5 are sl[ to disc]n adv]sity1 or to (f] petitions1 :]ev] !y h a prospect ( be+ he>d1 = relief f x4 ,!re is no passage :i* appe>s to me m *>act]i/ic ( ! true di/9ctive "* ( ! ,hom]ic 1 ?an t 9 :i* ,dolon confesses 8 folly#bhb3 #bhb ,il4 x4 #cij4 ' 4 ,"h we h ,hector1 ! tempt]3 1 ! temptation3 1 ! s\nd m9d1 f :i* temptation div]t$ ! self-dup$ simpleton3 1 expressive ( ! m$ium1 namely1 ?r\gh volition1 & n by =ce4 ,! elem5ts comb9$ 9 ! idea ( ! ,hom]ic 1 & ! conditions ( h] action1 may be pres5t$ toge!r z foll[s3 #a4 ,%e takes ! re9s ( ! und]/&+ & conduct ( a man4 #b4 ,%e effects ?is n by =ce f )\t1 b ?r\gh ! m$ium ( 8 own w & inw>d cons5t1 :e!r unconsci\s or express4 #c4 ,"u h] dom9ion he commits (f5ces aga9/ ! moral law1 or ! law ( prud5ce4 #d4 ,^! (f5ces are foll[$ by 8 retributive suff]+s4 ,! function ( ! ,tempt] is "h repres5t$ ) great precision2 b two ess5tial v>iations h come to be p]ceptible 9 ! idea tak5 z a :ole4 ,! fir/1 t ?is is h]self sometimes prompt$ or s5t by o!rs1 z by 1 7,od4 xv4 #bcd17 or by h] ) & 1 z 9 ,il4 xix4 #hg4 ,& accord+ly %e too is a daught]1 nay1 ! elde/ daught]1 ( ,jupit] himself#bhc4 #bhc ,il4 xix4 #ia4 ,! second v>iation is ?is3 t (f5ces aga9/ ! m]e law ( prud5ce f9d _! way into precisely ! same category ) s9s2 or1 9 o!r words1 ! true idea ( s9 _h be5 lo/4 ! p]son1 & ! effect1 are1 moreov]1 frequ5tly bl5d$ by ! ,poet4 ,among ! pr9cipal ( ,hom] are ^?1 #a4 ,( ,jupit]1 ,il4 xix4 #ia-abi4 #b4 ,( ,dolon1 ,il4 x4 #cia2 lead+ him to accept ! proposal ( ,hector4 #c4 ,( ,melampus1 ,od4 xv4 #bcc1 #d1 caus+ him to und]take an ent]prise beyond 8 means on acc\nt ( ! daught] ( ,neleus4 ,all ( :i* are aga9/ ! law ( prud5ce & =e?\ght4 #d4 ,( ,agamemnon1 ,il4 xix4 #hh1 #acd-h4 #e4 ,( ,p>is1 ,il4 vi4 #cef1 xxiv4 #bh4 #f4 ,( ,hel51 ,od4 iv4 #bfa4 xxiii4 #bbc4 #g4 ,( manslaught]1 ,il4 xxiv4 #dhj4 #h4 ,( ! drunk5 c5taur ,eurytion1 :o _h 8 e>s & nose cut (f = 8 excesses1 ,od4 xxi4 #bif-cjb4 ,9 "o place only ( ,hom]1 seems to mean calamity n imputable to ! suff]]'s fault1 fur!r ?an by "s slight want ( vigilance4 ,?is is ! *>g$ ^u ,ulysses1 :5 8 companions de/roy ! ox5 ( ! ,sun1 ,od4 xii4 #cgb4 ,at lea/ he _h no fur!r %>e 9 t matt] ?an t1 by go+ to sleep1 he left 8 comrades to act = !mselves4 ,! long cont9u$ misconduct ( ! ,suitors is nev] describ$ z _! 3 probably because ! ^w prop]ly signifies a p>ticul> temptation foll[$ by a p>ticul> act1 r ?an a cont9u$ c\rse ( action4 ,?is1 aga91 s]ves ! m closely to associate ) ! primitive tradition ( ! ,fall ( ,man4 ,! high] =m ( human wick$ness1 :i* is att5d$ ) delib]ate & ob/9ate p]si/5ce 9 wrong1 is n b 4 ,su* is ! wick$ness ( gi/hus & ( ! ,suitors2 su* also t ( ! ,giants4 ,! same phrase is appli$ to ! crew ( ,ulysses1 :o dev\r$ ! ox5 ( ! ,sun#bhd3 & ?is appe>s to con=m to ! view tak5 ( _! (f5ce 9 ! poems1 h[ev] anomal\s t view itself may be4 #bhd ,od4 i4 #g4 ,o!r traditions ( ! ,evil ,"o4 ,i w n[ ga!r into "o view ! disp]s$ fragm5ts ( tradition conc]n+ ! ,evil ,"o :i* seem to be disc]nible 9 ,hom]4 #a4 is ! fir/1 & ! "o :i* comes ne>e/ to pres5t+ a g5]al outl9e4 #b4 ,a second is f\nd 9 #bhe1 :o aims at ! de/ruction ( ,godhead 9 its supreme repres5tatives1 & is ?ru/ d[n to ,t>t>us by ,jupit]4 ,& we may "h obs]ve an important di/9ction4 #bhe ,il4 xiv4 #bjc4 viii4 #dgh4 :]e ,iapetus is jo9$ ) 4 ,( him we h no o!r m5tion 9 ,hom]4 ,"s p]sons1 l ,tityus1 (f5d aga9/ a p>ticul> p]son :o _h tak5 a place 9 ! ,olympian ,c\rt2 or else1 app>5tly l ,orion1 (f5d ! gods 9 g5]al by _! presumption4 ,!y are puni%$ 9 ! ,%ades4 ,b ^? :o h aim$ at ! de?ronem5t or de/ruction ( ,godhead itself are 9 ! f> deep] d>kness ( ,t>t>us#bhf4 ,i sugge/ ?is z a possible explanation ( ! d\ble place ( puni%m5t2 :i* is o!rwise app>5tly a gross solecism 9 ! ,hom]ic sy/em4 #bhf ,il4 viii4 #ac-ah4 #c4 ,to ! latt] class ( (f5d]s belong ! ,titans1 :o mo/ po9t$ly repres5t ! elem5t ( ,=ce 9 ! anci5t traditions1 :ile embodies t ( ,guile4 ,^! are ! 1 or ! 1 or 1 :o =m ! inf]nal c\rt ( 2 7,il4 xiv4 #bgd1 #i4 xv4 #bbe74 ,!y are evid5tly !mselves 9 a /ate ( p5al suff]+2 b !y mu/ also h ! p[] ( inflict+ ! sev]e/ puni%m5t on "s o!r (f5d]s2 = !y1 & n ,aides or ,p]sephone1 seem to be ! p]sons call$ to be witnesses ( ! solemn oa? = ! avoidance ( p]jury1 tak5 by ,juno 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,book#bhg4 #bhg ,il4 xiv4 #bgc1 #bgh4 #d4 ,( ^! ,titans two are app>5tly nam$ 9 ! p]sons ( ,otus & ,ephialtes1 *ildr5 ( ,neptune4 #e4 ,to ! same class1 9 all probability1 belong ! ,giants1 l$ by ,eurym$on1 & born ( ! same my?ological fa!r4 ,od4 vii4 #eh4 #f4 ,x is likely t ,typhoeus may h be5 ( ! same company2 = al?\gh he is n /at$ to be 9 ,t>t>us1 yet 8 position corresponds ) x 9 ! ess5tial feature ( be+ "u ! e>?4 7,il4 ii4 #ghb4 viii4 #ad74 ,hom] does n inde$ expressly say1 t ,otus & ,ephialtes 7 ,titans1 nor t ,eurym$on 0 ( ! same b&2 nor yet t ! ,titans 7 rebels aga9/ heav54 ,b 8 images are s comb9$ r\nd c]ta9 po9ts z to make ?is matt] ( safe & cle> inf]5ce4 ,= ! ,titans are 9 ,t>t>us1 & are ) & atta*$ to 1 :om ,jupit] ?ru/ d[n ?i!r4 ,& ! giants "u ,eurym$on1 = _! mad audacity1 are driv5 to p]dition#bhh4 ,la/ly1 ,otus & ,ephialtes1 :o made w> ^u heav51 & :om ,apollo quell$1 n appe>+1 l _! "m ,iphim$ea1 9 ! ,%ades ( ! ,elev5? ,odyssey1 c only be 9 ,t>t>us#bhi4 #bhh ,od4 vii4 #fj4 #bhi ,od4 xi4 #cje-bj4 ,f ! scatt]$ traditions we may collect & comb9e ! ess5tial po9ts4 ,9 ,otus & ,ephialtes ! rebellion is cle>ly /at$1 & 9 ,eurym$on x is manife/ly impli$4 ,9 ! ,titans1 :o are call$ 1 & 9 _! association ) 1 z also 9 ! high p>5tage ( ! o!rs1 we h ! cele/ial orig9 ( ! rebels4 ,9 ! hurl+ d[n ( to ,t>t>us1 we h ! puni%m5t :i* !y all are endur+1 imm$iately associat$ ) an act ( supreme retribution4 #g4 ,else:]e w be f\nd a notice ( ! s+ul> relation1 :i* may be trac$ betwe5 ,neptune & ! tradition ( ! ,evil ,"o4 ,?is relation is my?ological 9 its basis3 b x seems to proce$ ^u ! tradition1 t ! ,evil ,"o 0 next to ! ,highe/4 #h4 ,a m rec5t =m ( ! tradition conc]n+ ! great w> 9 heav5 seems to be f\nd 9 ! revolt ( ! ,immortals ( ,olympus1 head$ by ,juno1 ,neptune1 & ,m9]va1 aga9/ ,jupit]1 :i* 0 put d[n by ,bri>eus or gon ( ! hundr$ h&s4 ,:o ?is gon 01 we c only conjecture3 he is n[h]e else nam$ 9 ,hom]4 ,f 8 hav+ a d\ble "n1 "o 9 use among gods1 & ! o!r among mortals1 x might be conjectur$ t ! imm$iate s\rce ( ?is tradition 0 ei!r ,egypt1 or "s o!r c\ntry hav+ l ,egypt an hi]atic & also a demotic tongue4 ,9 its sub/ance1 x c h>dly be o!r ?an a sep>ate & dislocat$ =m ( ! same idea1 accord+ to :i* we see ,apollo h&$ d[n z ! deliv]] ( ,olympus f rebellion4 ,! expression t all m5 7,il4 i4 #djc47 call him gon1 t5ds to univ]salize him1 & ?us to connect him ) ,apollo4 ,he is also 7v4 #djc47 a son ( ,jupit]1 av[$ly sup]ior to him 9 /r5g?3 4 ,citations f ,holy ,scripture4 ,x is p]haps wor? :ile to notice ! co9cid5ce betwe5 ! language ( ,hom] z to ! ,giants1 & t ( ! ,books ( ! ,anci5t ,scriptures4 ,hom] says ( ,eurym$on#bij1 #bij ,od4 vii4 #ei4 ' ' 1 ' 4 ,ei!r ! rebellion1 or ! puni%m5t 9 hell1 ( a wick$ gang "u ! "n ( ,giants is ref]r$ to 9 ! foll[+ passages ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! ,apocrypha4 ,! allusion is n made evid5t1 z to ! =m] set ( passages1 9 ! ,au?oriz$ ,v]sion2 ,i !re=e quote f ! ,septuag9t or ! ,vulgate4 #a4 ,job xxvi4 #e4 ,ecce gigantes gemunt sub aquis1 et qui habitant cum eis4 ,vulgate4 2 ,,lxx4 #b4 ,prov4 ii4 #ah4 1 4 ,,lxx4 #c4 ,prov4 xxi4 #af4 ,vir1 qui errav]it a vi doctr91 9 ctu gigantum commorabitur4 ,vulg4 4 ,,lxx4 ,see ,g54 vi4 #d1 #e3 9 :i* we p]haps see ! orig9al l9k betwe5 ! ,giants1 & ! rebellion ( ! fall5 angels describ$ by ,/4 ,jude1 v]4 #f3 #8,& ! angels :i* kept n _! fir/ e/ate1 b left _! own habitation1 he ha? res]v$ 9 ev]la/+ *a9s "u d>kness unto ! judgm5t ( ! great day4' ,we h also ! correspond+ decl>ation ( ,/4 ,pet]3 #8,god sp>$ n ! angels t s9n$1 b ca/ !m d[n to hell1 & deliv]$ !m into *a9s ( d>kness1 to be res]v$ unto judgm5t2 & sp>$ n ! old _w#bia4' #bia ,/4 ,pet4 ii4 #b4 #d4 #e4 ,aga91 9 ! ,apocryphal ,books4 #a4 ,wisdom xiv4 #f4 #8,9 ! old "t also1 :5 ! pr\d giants p]i%$1 ! hope ( ! _w1 gov]n$ by ?y h&1 escap$ 9 a weak vessel4' ,au?4 ,v]sion4 #b4 ,ecclus4 xvi4 #g4 #8,he 0 n pacifi$ t[>d ! old giants1 :o fell away 9 ! /r5g? ( _! fooli%ness4' ,au?4 ,v]sion4 #c4 ,b>u* iii4 #bf1 #h4 #8,!re 7 giants fam\s f ! beg9n+4444 ,b !y 7 de/roy$1 because !y _h no wisdom1 & p]i%$ ?r\gh _! own fooli%ness4' ,au?4 ,v]sion4 ,we ?us appe> to f9d 9 ,hom] _m displac$ fragm5ts ( ! old traditions ( ! ,bible ) respect to ! ,evil ,"o4 ,9 ! lat] ,greek & ! ,roman lit]ature1 ! traditions on ! same subject _h almo/ entirely lo/ _! lik5ess to _! orig9al4 ,! figure ( 1 & ! idea ( spiritual dang] to man ?r\gh guile tempt+ him extr9sically b inw>dly1 entirely disappe>s4 ,!re rema9s only ! recollection ( a conte/ wag$ by brute =ce1 & a solit>y remnant ( =gott5 tru? 9 ! fame /ill adh]+ to ,apollo1 t he _h be5 ! deliv]] & conqu]or1 :o 9 ! critical h\r v9dicat$ ! supremacy ( heav54 ,9 ! "t ( ,horace ev5 ?is recollection _h become d>k5$ & confus$4 ,f ! ,hom]ic traditions ( ! ,evil ,"o & ! fall5 angels1 we may prop]ly pass to ^? ( a future /ate1 :i* involves1 p>tially at lea/1 ! idea ( retribution4 ,! ,future ,/ate 9 ,hom]4 ,! repres5tations ( ! future /ate 9 ,hom] are p]haps ! m int]e/+1 because x may be d\bt$ :e!r !y are1 logically1 q consi/5t ) "o ano!r4 ,= ?is want ( consi/5cy becomes ( itself a negative argum5t 9 support ( ! belief t1 z !y are n capable ( be+ ref]r$ to any "o g5]ative idea or sy/em1 !y may be di/ort$ copies or misund]/ood portions ( primitive tru?4 ,ano!r reason = ref]r+ !m to ?is orig9 appe>s to be f\nd 9 _! gradual det]ioration aft] ! "t ( ,hom]4 ,9 8 !ology1 future retribution appe>s z a real sanction ( ! moral law4 ,9 ! lat] hi/ory1 & g5]ally 9 ! philosophy ( ,paganism1 x has lo/ ?is place3 practically1 a phantasmagoria 0 sub/itut$ = :at _h be5 at lea/ a subjective reality3 & ! mo/ s9c]e & p5etrat+ m9ds ?\ght x absurd to associate any?+ ( sub/ance ) ! condition ( ! dead#bib4 ,! moral ideas connect$ ) x appe> be=e u 9 desc5d+ s]ies2 & ?us !y po9t backw>ds to ! remote/ p]iod = _! orig9 & _! integrity4 #bib ,ari/4 ,e?4 ,i4 #aj1 #aa4 ,la/ly1 x w\ld appe> t ! traditions !mselves pres5t to u features ( ! unse5 _w1 su*1 9 a c]ta9 degree1 z ,div9e ,revelation describes4 ,t _w appe>s to u1 9 ,hom]1 9 ?ree divisions4 ,fir/ !re is ! ,elysian pla91 app>5tly "u ! gov]nm5t ( ,rhadaman?us1 at :i* ,m5elaus1 z ! fav\r$ son-9-law ( ,jupit]1 is to arrive4 ,x is1 physically at lea/1 furni%$ ) all ! conditions ( repose & happ9ess4 ,next !re is ! region ( ,aides or ,aidoneus1 ! ord9>y receptacle ev5 ( ! illu/ri\s dead1 su* z ,a*illes1 ,agamemnon1 & ! old] ,greek h]oes ( div9e extraction4 ,hi!r1 if we may tru/ ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,odyssey1 are c>ri$ ! ,suitors2 & "h is f\nd ! insignificant ,elp5or 7,od4 xi4 #ea74 ,?irdly1 !re is ! region ( ,t>t>us1 :]e & reign4 ,?is is z f> bel[ ,aides1 z ! heav5 is upw>ds f ! e>?#bic4 #bic ,il4 viii4 #af1 #dgi4 ,!re appe>s to be "s want ( cle>ness 9 ! division betwe5 ! second region & ! ?ird z to _! respective (fices1 & betwe5 ! second & ! fir/ z to _! respective t5ants4 ,! realm ( ,aides is1 9 g5]al1 n a place ( puni%m5t1 b ( desolation & ( gloom#bid4 ,! %ade ( ,agamemnon weeps al\d ) emotion & desire to clasp ,ulysses3 & ,ulysses 9 va9 attempts to console ,a*illes1 = hav+ quitt$ #8! w>m prec9cts ( ! *e]ful day4' ,b ?\gh _! /ate is "o ( sadness1 nei!r !y nor ! dead :o are nam$ !re are 9 g5]al "u any judicial infliction4 ,x is /at$1 inde$1 t ,m9os#bie adm9i/]s ju/ice among !m2 b we are n told :e!r1 z seems mo/ probable1 ?is is 9 det]m9+ decisively ! fate ( ea*1 or :e!r he m]ely disposes1 z he might h done on e>?1 ( su* cases z *anc$ to arise betwe5 any ( !m = adjudication4 #bid ,od4 xi4 #cia1 #dhh4 #bie ,v4 #efi4 ,! only cases ( decid$ p5al infliction 9 ! realm ( ,aides are ^? ( ,tityus1 ,sisyphus1 & ,tantalus4 ,ca/or & ,pollux1 :o appe> "h1 are evid5t objects ( ! fav\r ( ! gods#bif4 ,h]cules1 l ,hel5 ( ! lat] tradition1 is curi\sly dis9tegrat$4 #bif ,od4 xi4 #cjb-d4 ,8 meets ,ulysses1 & speaks z if possess$ ( 8 id5tity3 b he himself 77 is enjoy+ rew>d among ! ,immortals4 ,! latt] ( ^! images repres5ts ! labori\s & philan?ropic side ( ! "* attribut$ to him1 ! =m] ! reckless & brutal "o4 ,aga9 x might be ?\ght t ! reason = ! advancem5t ( ,m5elaus to ,elysium1 :ile ,ca/or & ,pollux belong to ! "u-_w1 0 ! v virtu\s "* ( t pr9ce4 ,he is1 h[ev]1 n promot$ ?i!r = 8 virtues1 b = be+ ! son-9-law ( ,jupit] by 8 m>riage ) ,hel54 ,& ?us aga91 ! son-9-law ( ,jupit] is1 z su*1 plac$ high] ?an 8 sons4 ,! prop] & ma9 bus9ess ( ,t>t>us is to s]ve z a place ( puni%m5t = depos$ & condemn$ ,immortals4 ,!re 7 ,iapetos & 1 !re ! ,titans#big3 !re probably ,otus & ,ephialtes1 :o n only w\nd$ ,m>s b assault$ ,olympus#bih3 !re too1 7 ,eurym$on & ! ,giants1 :o p]i%$ by _! 4 ,?i!r x is t ,jupit] ?reat5s to hurl d[n (f5sive & refractory div9ities#bii4 ,direct rebellion aga9/ heav5 seems to be ! specific (f5ce :i* draws d[n ! s5t5ce ( relegation to ,t>t>us4 ,/ill 9 ! ,?ird ,iliad ,agamemnon invokes c]ta9 deities1 z ! av5g]s ( p]jury ^u man#cjj2 #big ,il4 xiv4 #bgd1 #i4 #bih ,il4 v4 ,od4 xi4 #cac4 #bii ,il4 v4 #hig1 #h4 viii4 #aj-ag4 #dja-f4 #cjj ,il4 iii4 #bgh4 cf4 xiv4 #bgd1 #i4 1 ' 4 ,x is n cle> :e!r ?is passage implies t all p]jurors are puni%$ 9 ,t>t>us2 or :e!r ,aidoneus1 ,p]sephone1 & ! ,er9ues are ! subt]rane\s deities "h int5d$3 b z ! ,titans are else:]e only m5tion$ 9 express connection ) ,t>t>us1 & f ! description ( ! ,er9ues 9 ,il4 xix4 #bei1 ,i incl9e to ! latt] op9ion4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 !re is "s confusion betwe5 ^! comp>tm5ts1 s to speak1 ( ! invisible _w4 ,! realm ( ,aidoneus seems to p>take1 9 "p1 ( ! "* bo? ( ,t>t>us & ( ! ,elysian pla94 ,9 common ) ! =m]1 x includes p]sons :o 7 objects ( especial div9e fav\r4 ,9 common ) ,t>t>us1 x is = "s few1 at lea/1 a sc5e ( positive puni%m5t4 ,/ill1 if we take ! ?ree accord+ to _! lead+ idea1 !y are 9 sub/antial correspond5ce ) div9e revelation4 ,!re is ! place ( bliss1 ! f9al de/9ation ( ! good4 ,!re is ! place ( torm5t1 occupi$ by ! ,evil ,"o & 8 rebelli\s companions3 & !re is an int]m$iate /ate1 ! receptacle ( ! dead4 ,"h1 z might be expect$1 ! resemblance t]m9ates2 = z !re is no selection = entrance into ! k+dom ( ,aides1 s !re is no passage onw>ds f x4 ,we ne$ ! less wond] at ! too compreh5sive place x occupies1 relatively to ! places ( rew>d & puni%m5t prop]1 9 ! ,hom]ic s*eme1 :5 we rememb] :at a t5d5cy to develop itself beyond all b\nds1 ! simple primitive doctr9e ( ! int]m$iate /ate has be5 made to exhibit1 9 a portion ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,a fur!r elem5t ( indi/9ctness atta*es to ! invisible _w ( ,hom]1 if we take into view ! admission ( fav\r$ mortals to ,olympus2 a process ( :i* he gives u in/ances1 z 9 ,ganym$es & ,h]cules4 ,9 a "w ( pure inv5tion x is unlikely t ,heav51 ,elysium1 & ! "u-_w w\ld all h be5 repres5t$ z receptacles ( s\ls 9 fav\r ) ! ,deity4 ,b "s primitive tradition ( ! translation ( ,eno* may acc\nt = :at w\ld o!rwise /& z an additional anomaly4 ,^u ! :ole1 ! ,hom]ic pictures ( ! prolongation ( our individual exi/5ce beyond ! grave2 ! cont9uance 9 ! ne!r _w ( ! habits & prop5sities acquir$ or confirm$ 9 ?is2 & ! adm9i/ration 9 ! inf]nal regions ( p5alties = s92 all ^! ?+s1 ?\gh vaguely conceiv$1 /& 9 m>k$ contra/ ) ! f> m %ad[y1 imp]sonal1 &1 above all1 morally neutral pictures ( ! invisible & future _w1 :i* alone 7 admitt$ into ! practical belief ( ! be/ among ! ,greek philosoph]s4 ,we are left to presume t ! sup]ior picture ow$ its sup]iority to ! fact t x 0 n ( man's devis+1 z x ?us s f> exce$$ :at 8 be/ ef=ts c\ld produce4 ,sacrificial tradition 9 ,hom]4 ,! nature1 preval5ce1 & uni=mity ( sacrifice1 %\ld be reg>d$ z ano!r portion ( ! primeval inh]itance1 :i*1 f v>i\s causes1 0 p]haps ! be/ pres]v$ ( all its p>ts among nations t _h brok5 ! l9k ( connection ) ! s\rce4 ,( ! sabbatical in/itution1 :i* ! ,holy ,scripture appe>s to fix at ! creation ( man1 we f9d no trace 9 ,hom]4 ,b x is easy to p]ceive t ?is highly spiritual ord9ance 0 "o little likely to survive ! rude %ocks & necessities ( e>?ly life1 :ile x c\ld n1 l sacrifice1 d]ive a su/a9+ =ce f appe>+ to conf] ^u ! gods an absolute gift1 pr(itable to !m1 & likely to draw d[n _! fav\r 9 return4 ,^? :o feel incl9$ to wond] at ?is disappe>ance ( ! sabba? f ! record may d well to rememb]1 t on ! %ield ( ,a*illes1 :i* repres5ts ! /&+ occasions ( life 9 all its dep>tm5ts1 !re is no "o sc5e :i* repres5ts any obs]vances simply religi\s4 ,! religi\s elem5t1 ?\gh corrupt$1 0 f> f be+ expell$ out ( common life2 on ! contr>y1 ! :ole tissue ( x 0 p]vad$ by t elem5t2 b x 0 9 a comb9$1 n 9 a sep>ate1 & !re=e n 9 a sabbatical =m4 ,& aga91 9 ord] to appreciate ! unlikelihood t su* a tradition z t ( ! sabba? w\ld long survive ! sev]ance f ,div9e ,revelation 9 ?is w9try _w1 we h only to consid] h[ rapidly x is =gott51 9 our own "t1 by ,*ri/ians 9 hea!n l&s1 or by ^? ,*ri/ian settl]s :o are sev]$ = ! "t at lea/ f civilization1 & ^: en]gies are absorb$ 9 a ceaseless conflict ) ! yet untam$ p[]s ( nature4 ,,sect4 ,,iii4 ,! inv5tive ,elem5t ( ! ,hom]ic ,!o-my?ology4 ,i come n[ to t mass ( ,hom]ic deities1 :o are ei!r :olly my?ological1 or s load$ ) my?ological features1 t _! traditive "* is depress$1 & ( second>y importance4 ,jupit]4 ,! "* ( ,jupit]1 :i* commonly occupies ! fir/ place 9 discussions ( ! ,greek my?ology1 has be5 9 "s degree =e/all$ by our prior exam9ation ( ! position ( o!r figures 9 ! sy/em1 :i* are bo? m int]e/+ & m important1 f _! be>+ m significant resemblances to & traces ( ! tru? ( ,div9e ,revelation4 ,nev]!less1 ?is "* w well repay att5tion4 ,to be und]/ood & appreciat$1 x mu/ be view$ 9 a great v>iety ( aspects4 ,:5 s view$1 x w be f\nd to range f ! sublime d[n to ! brutal1 & almo/ ev5 d[n to ! ridicul\s4 ,^u ! :ole1 :5 we consid] t ! image :i* we ?us br+ be=e u 0 dur+ s _m ages1 = su* multitudes ( ! mo/ rem>kable portion ( mank9d1 ! *ief repres5tative ( ,godhead1 x mu/ leave a deep impression ( pa9 & melan*oly on ! m9d4 #8,if ?\ bee/ ,he2 b ,oh6 h[ fall'n1 h[ *ang$6' ,! ,jupit] ( ,hom] is to be reg>d$ 9 ^! f\r di/9ct capacities3 #a4 ,z ! depository ( ! pr9cipal remnants ( mono!i/ic & provid5tial ideas4 #b4 ,z ! sov]eign "l ( meteorological ph5om5a4 #c4 ,z ! head ( ! ,olympian community4 #d4 ,z ! receptacle & butt ( ! pr9cipal "p ( su* e>?ly1 s5sual1 & appetitive elem5ts1 z1 at ! "t ( ,hom]1 an?ropophuism _h obtrud$ into ! sph]e ( deity4 ,jupit]1 z ,provid5ce4 ,!re are ?ree modes 9 :i* ,hom] connects ,jupit] ) ! functions ( ,provid5ce4 #a4 ,he procures or presides ov] ! settlem5t1 by delib]ation 9 ! ,olympian ,c\rt1 ( great que/ions connect$ ) ! c\rse ( human affairs4 ,9 ! ,c\rt ( ! ,f\r? ,iliad1 & 9 ! ,assembly ( ! ,eigh?1 he himself takes ! initiative2 9 ! ,sev5? & ,tw5tie? ,books he li/5s to ! proposals ( ,neptune2 9 ! ,tw5ty-f\r?1 ,apollo introduces ! subject2 9 ! ,fir/ & ,fif? ,odyssey1 ,m9]va does ! l4 #b4 ,he is a k9d ( synonym = ,provid5ce ) ref]5ce to its common op]ations1 to ! duties & rights ( man1 & to ! :ole ord] ( ! _w4 ,p]haps !re are an hundr$1 or m1 passages ( ! poems1 :]e he appe>s 9 ?is mann]4 ,b !y are all op5 to ?is obs]vation1 t 8 "n seems1 9 mo/ ( !m1 to be us$ z a m]e =mula1 & to be a sort ( a caput mortuum )\t ! enliv5+ =ce ( ! idea t he is really act+ 9 ! mann] or ^u ! pr9ciple describ$4 #c4 ,on c]ta9 occasions1 h[ev]1 he appe>s z a supreme ,god1 ?\gh s+le-h&$1 & n act+ ei!r = or ) ! ,olympian assembly4 ,! gr&e/ ( ^! occasions is at ! close ( ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,odyssey1 :]e ,m9]va1 /imulat$ by h] own sympa?iz+ ke5ness1 seems to h w9k$ at ! passionate incl9ation ( ,ulysses to make havock among 8 ungrateful & rebelli\s subjects4 ,jupit]1 :o _h previ\sly c\nsell$ mod]ation1 laun*es 8 ?und]bolt1 & significantly causes x to fall at ! feet ( ,m9]va1 :o !reupon gives at once ! requir$ caution to ! exasp]at$ sov]eign4 ,peace imm$iately foll[s#cja4 #cja ,od4 xxiv4 #dha4 #ebe-da4 #edf4 ,jupit]1 ) "s ( ! sub/antial1 has all ! titul> app5dages ( a high supremacy4 ,he is habitually d5om9at$ ! ,fa!r ( gods & m54 ,he is mu* m frequ5tly id5tifi$ ) ! g5]al gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 ?an is any o!r deity4 ,he is univ]sally ! 4 ,he gov]ns ! issue ( all human toil1 & gives or )holds success4 ,x is on 8 floor t ! caskets re/1 :i* conta9 ! v>y+1 b1 9 ! ma91 sorr[ful incid5ts ( human de/9y#cjb4 ,he has also ?is "o m>k$ & p>am\nt di/9ction1 t he does n desc5d to e>? to execute 8 own behe/s1 b 9 g5]al ei!r s5ds o!r deities z 8 organs1 to give effect to 8 w1 or else himself op]ates f af>1 by 8 p[] z god ( air4 ,if h[ev] he is m id5tifi$ ) ! g5]al idea ( ,provid5ce ?an are ,apollo & ,m9]va1 x is pla91 on ! o!r h&1 t 8 ag5cy is m ext]nal1 ab/ract1 & remote2 !irs m inw>d & p]sonal3 especially1 ! function ( moral discipl9e seems1 z we h already f\nd1 to belong to ,m9]va4 #cjb ,il4 v4 #ia4 xix4 #bbc4 iv4 #cd4 i4 #cec1 #djh4 ,ngelsba*#cjc consid]s t ,jupit] alone c act f a di/ance3 b ! pray] ( ,glaucus to ,apollo1 foll[$ imm$iately by ! heal+ ( 8 w\nds1 seems to prove ! rev]se conclusively4 ,aga91 ,m9]va rem9ds ,telema*us t ! deity c save ev5 :5 at a di/ance 7,od4 iii4 #bca73 we h no au?ority = absolutely conf9+ ?is to ,jupit]1 & none = affix+ a limit to ! space )9 :i* ,apollo or ,m9]va c act4 ,t ,jupit] always acts f f>1 may be due 9 "p to 8 repres5t+ ! tradition ( ! "o ,god2 b ! argum5t is also 9 "s degree incid5tal to ! nature ( 8 special & my?ological gifts1 z god ( ! atmosph]e & its ph5om5a4 #cjc ,hom4 ,!ol4 ,abs*n4 ii4 ,^u ! :ole1 ! m>ks ( aff9ity to anci5t tradition are /rong] 9 ! ,hom]ic ,m9]va & ,apollo ?an 9 ,jupit]4 ,he is ! ord9>y ,provid5ce1 b ?is is an ext]nal ,provid5ce4 ,he und\bt$ly excels !m 9 =ce1 & 9 ! maje/y :i* accompanies x4 ,b ! highe/ ( ! div9e pr]ogatives1 ( :i* we h b glimpses inde$ 9 any ( !m1 are hung m abundantly ar\nd ^! 8 fav\r$ *ildr51 ?an ar\nd himself4 ,! secret gov]nm5t ( ! m9ds ( m51 ! invisible supremacy ov] natural laws1 ! p[] ( unravell+ ! future 7except p]haps z to ! de/9ies ( /ates71 ! faculty ( controll+ dea?1 are sc>cely to be discov]$ 9 ,jupit]1 b are (t5] made cle>ly legible 9 ,apollo or ,m9]va4 ,inde$ ,m9]va appe>s always to h lat5t claims1 :i* ,hom] himself c\ld n fully und]/& or describe1 to ! v fir/ place4 ,x is only by suppos+ ! exi/5ce ( vague traditions to ?is effect1 t we c expla9 su* passages z t 9 :i* %e delights1 t ,m5elaus _h pray$ to h] 9 pref]5ce to any o!r deity#cjd2 #cjd ,il4 xvii4 #efg4 1 4 ,?is s5tim5t may be acc\nt$ = 9 two ways4 ,x may be due to ! vulg> vanity ( a m]ely my?ological div9ity scuffl+ = prec$5ce4 ,x may be a remnant ( ! tradition ( a wisdom t knew no sup]ior4 ,! =m] cause w\ld be sc>cely suitable ev5 to ! deities ( inv5tion 9 ,hom]4 ,! latt] seems :olly 9 keep+ ) ! "* & position ( 8 ,m9]va4 ,x may be ask$1 9 :i* ( ! two capacities does ,jupit] *iefly influ5ce ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w8 is x z ! ,supreme ,deity1 act+ 9 ! ma9 by 8 own w & p[]8 or is x z ! head ( ! ,olympian community1 to ^: delib]ate decisions he1 9 a species ( executive capacity1 gives effect8 ,i ?9k !re c be no d\bt t ! activity ( ,jupit] is pr9cipally made available 9 ! latt] capacity4 ,n t ! ,poet _h def9$ = himself ! di/9ction4 ,b !re 7 two processes1 ea* ( :i* _h be5 actively advanc+3 ! break+ up ( ,godhead into fragm5ts1 :i* dim9i%$ ! relative di/ance betwe5 ,jupit] & ! o!r ,immortals3 & ! reflection ( human ideas ( polity ^u ,olympus1 :i* gave a gr[+ prom95ce to ! elem5t ( ari/ocracy4 ,^u ! :ole1 !n1 ,i %\ld say t ! traditive ideas ( mono!ism1 & ( a p]sonal ,provid5ce repres5t$ 9 ! ,hom]ic ,jupit]1 are on almo/ all occasions ?+s ( ! pa/4 ,!y are l ! old jewels ( a family1 beautiful & impos+ = occasions ( /ate3 b !y sc>cely ent] into 8 ev]yday life4 ,inde$1 _! *ief effect is ! negative "o ( )draw+ him1 on ! score ( dignity1 f imm$iate contact ) mortals & ) _! conc]ns2 &1 7 x n = 8 atmosph]ic pr]ogatives1 ?is isolat$ supremacy w\ld c>ry him into insignificance z comp>$ ) a deity l ,m9]va1 :o is ev] 9 ! view ( man1 & ev] mak+ h]self felt bo? 9 8 m9d & 9 8 affairs4 ,!re are occasions1 b !y are n v num]\s1 :51 "u ! influ5ce ( an unwont$ zeal1 we f9d ,jupit] himself tak+ a "p 9 ! detail$ action ( ! ,iliad2 8 int]f]5ces be+ usually conf9$ to ! great] crises or indications1 su* z ! "o m5tion$ 9 ,il4 ii4 #cec1 & su* z ! occasions :5 ! are produc$4 ,z examples ( m9or int]position1 ,i may cite 8 inspir+ ,ajax ) fe>1 8 laun*+ a ?und]bolt 9 ! pa? ( ,diom$1 8 break+ ! b[-/r+ ( ,teuc]1 & 8 advis+ ,hector to avoid an enc\nt] ) ,agamemnon#cje4 #cje ,il4 xi4 #edd4 viii4 #acc-f4 xv4 #dfc4 xi4 #aha-id4 ,jupit] z ,"l ( ,air4 ,b ! position assign$ to him 9 ! my?ology ( ,olympus1 :i* provides him ) ! second ( 8 *>act]s1 is *os5 ) great skill4 ,al?\gh at fir/ sight ,sea may appe> a m sub/antive & awful p[] ?an ,air1 & ,e>? a m solid & wor?y f\ndation ( dom9ion ?an ei!r1 yet consid]ation mu/ readily %[1 t z ! k+ ( ! atmosph]e1 ,jupit] is possess$ ( f> m prompt1 effective1 & above all1 univ]sal means ( act+ ^u mank9d1 ?an he w\ld h be5 _h ! lott]y be5 s arrang$ z to give him ei!r ( ^? o!r prov9ces4 ,! tradition ( a ,tr9ity 9 ! ,godhead evid5tly leaves its traces on ! ,greek my?ology 9 ! curi\s fable ( ! ?ree ,kronid bro!rs4 ,= ! lott]y ( ! univ]se1 9 :i* !y draw on equal t]ms1 is n f\nd$ ^u1 b is at v>iance )1 ,greek ideas4 ,^? ideas embodi$ ! sy/em1 m or less def9$1 ( primog5iture3 & !re=e1 _h ! ,olympian sy/em be5 :olly inv5tive1 ! v lea/ x c\ld h assign$ to ,jupit] w\ld h be5 a priority ( *oice among ! diff]5t portions ( ! univ]se4 ,?is lott]y is evid5tly f\nd$ ^u ! idea ( an ess5tial equality 9 ^? :o draw4 ,happily ! result is su* z to co9cide ) ! ord] ( natural prec$5ce3 & ! value & weight ( ! ?ree *>ges is graduat$ accord+ to ! /&+ ( ! bro!rs1 ?\gh _! ab/ract equality is s rigidly ass]t$ by ,neptune1 :o decl>es himself 7,il4 xv4 #bji74 ,! exclusion ( ,e>? f ! lott]y is s+ul>3 b x appe>s to h a d\ble ju/ification4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we mu/ be> 9 m9d ! regul>ity ( its op]ations1 comb9$ ) ! fact t x s5sibly acts on no?+1 b is passive "u o!r ag5cies1 su* z ^? ( ,sun1 ,w9d1 & ,sea4 ,?is w\ld h r5d]$ ! conception ( x z a deity comp>atively feeble 9 ! ,greek m9d4 ,9 ! second place1 x is probable t :5 ! ,olympian my?ology took its %ape1 t prov9ce 0 preoccupi$3 t ! ,ea/]n religions1 obs]v+ its jo9tly passive & productive "*1 _h p]sonifi$ x z fem99e4 ,b ev5 ?is did n cont5t ! ,greek imag9ation4 ,! conception ( ! bride ( ! *ief deity 0 dis5gag$ f brute matt]1 & uplift$ into a div9ity hav+ = its (fice ! c>e & gov]nm5t ( a civiliz$ & associat$ p4 ,! ,hom]ic ,juno may almo/ be def9$ z ! goddess ( ,greece4 ,!re rose up 9 h] place1 l a l[ mi/ ( ev5+1 f ! gr\nd1 ! comp>atively obscure ,hom]ic 1 :o has no life or function1 except 9 connection ) ! idea ( v5geance to be execut$ ^u ! wick$2 & ?is %e probably d]ives f ! belief1 t ! rebel spirits 7 puni%$ 9 ! subt]ranean prisons1 ( :i* %e 0 z x 71 by physical laws1 ! necess>y keep]4 ,z ,"l ( ! air1 ,jupit] came to be end[$ ) a multitude ( active p[]s ! mo/ palpable1 & ! mo/ replete ) at lea/ outw>d influ5ce = man4 ,! ye>s are 8 ye>s1 ! ?und] & lightn+ 8 ?und] & lightn+1 ! ra9 8 ra92 ! riv]s1 or ! mo/ illu/ri\s among !m1 ! 1 are 83 ! cl\ds & tempe/s obey 8 compell+1 ! w9ds bl[ at 8 comm&4 ,! hail & sn[ come f him#cjf3 he impels ! fall+ />#cjg1 &1 :5 he desires a m effective weapon or a m solemn lesson ?an usual1 he laun*es ! sca?+ ?und]bolt#cjh4 ,all signs & port5ts :atev]1 t appe> 9 air1 belong prim>ily to him2 z does ! g5ial sign ( ! ra9b[1 #cjf ,il4 x4 #e4 #cjg ,il4 xiii4 #bdb4 #cjh ,od4 xii4 #dae-ag4 xxiv4 #eci4 1 #cji4 #cji ,il4 xi4 #bg4 ,& :5 ^! or any ( !m are us$ by o!r deities1 x is only by su* z h a peculi> relation%ip1 ei!r traditive or my?ological1 to him4 ,b z ! tradition ( ! lott]y adorns & /r5g!ns1 s 9 ano!r view x circumscribes him4 ,8 sway is unkn[n 9 ! regions ( ! dead1 :]e 8 bro!r holds ! sceptre1 z ! #caj4 ,accord+ly1 :5 ,h]cules is s5t to fet* ,c]b]us1 ,jupit] obta9s = him ! aid ( ,m9]va4 ,! m traditive deity escapes ! circumscriptions ( ! less2 ! daught] eclipses ! sire4 #caj ,il4 ix4 #deg4 ,mu* ( ! high] p[] ex]t$ by ,juno is 9 fact h] use ( ! atmosph]ic pr]ogatives ( h] husb&4 ,jupit] z ,head ( ,olympus4 ,b ! mo/ consid]able & *>act]i/ic manife/ation ( ! ,hom]ic ,jupit] is t1 9 :i* he appe>s z ,head ( ! ,olympian ,family & ,polity4 ,( ?is let u n[ consid] s mu*1 z is n m imm$iately connect$ ) ! subject ( ! div9e ,polity4 ,he is c>efully m>k$ out z supreme 9 ! my?ological pr]ogatives1 :i* are = ,olympus z ! ,cr[n & ,sword ( ,/ate on ,e>?4 ,he is ! orig9al own] ( ! gis4 ,to him ! gods rise up at _! meet+s#caa4 ,he is n ti$ to swe> by ,/yx#cab1 & invokes no inf]nal p[] to be ! sanction ( 8 ^w1 b condesc5ds only to use ! symbol ( a nod4 #caa ,il4 i4 #ecc4 #cab ,il4 i4 #ebd-cj4 ,see h[ev] xix4 #aac4 ,( omnipot5ce1 z we und]/& ! ^w1 x w\ld n appe> t ,hom] _h any idea4 ,he _h h[ev] ! idea ( a be+ sup]ior 9 =ce to all o!r gods sep>ately1 or p]haps ev5 :5 comb9$4 ,?is be+ 0 ,jupit]4 ,b ! conception 9 8 m9d 0 a wav]+ "o1 s t1 ?\gh x 0 pres5t to him1 we _c say t he embrac$ x z a tru?4 ,if by "s p>ts ( ! poems x is support$1 by o!rs x is br\ght into "q or ov]?r[n4 ,z respects ,bri>eus1 :o 0 n a god1 8 sup]iority 9 m]e =ce to ,jupit] is expressly decl>$ 7,il4 i4 #djd74 ,9 ! ,assembly ( ! ,eigh? ,book1 ,jupit] l\dly proclaims 8 p]sonal sup]iority 9 /r5g? to all ! o!r gods & goddesses comb9$2 & boa/s t1 :ile by a gold5 *a9 !y c\ld n unit$ly drag him d[n to e>?1 he c\ld drag !m all1 ) e>? & sea to boot beh9d !m4 ,aga91 :5 9 ! same ,book ,juno#cac sugge/s to ,neptune ! plan ( a comb9ation among all ! ,hell5iz+ gods to re/ra9 ,jupit]1 & to assi/ ! ,greeks 9 despite ( him1 ,neptune replies t he at lea/ w h no?+ to say to su* a proce$+1 = ,jupit] is f> too /rong#cad4 #cac viii4 #bja4 #cad ,il4 i4 #bji-aa4 ,b 9 ! ,fir/ ,book we le>n t a rebellion head$ by ,juno1 ,neptune1 & ,m9]va1 0 too mu* = him4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 cle> t he _h n actually be5 put 9 *a9s by ^! deities2 b !y 7 ab\t to d x1 :5 ,bri>eus came to ! rescue1 & by 8 m]e appe>ance ree/abli%$ ,jupit] 9 secure supremacy4 ,?is leg5d has a m>k ( antiquity 9 ! fact t ,bri>eus has two names2 he is kn[n z ,bri>eus among ! gods1 & z gon among all mank9d#cae4 #cae ,il4 i4 #cig-dje4 ,:51 9 ! ,fifte5? ,book1 ,jupit] appreh5ds a /ubborn resi/ance f ,neptune1 & ! necessity ( 8 p]sonally und]tak+ ! execution ( 8 own comm&s1 he is f> f easy4 ,) ! aid ( ,juno1 8 bro!r c1 he ?9ks1 easily be manag$#caf4 ,:5 he f9ds ,neptune has retir$1 he frankly owns x is mu* bett] = !m bo?2 z to h put him d[n by =ce#cag w\ld h be5 a t\gh bus9ess 7 ' 74 #caf ,il4 xv4 #di-eb4 #cag ,il4 xv4 #bbh4 ,juno & ,m9]va1 s+le or comb9$1 he ?reat5s freely1 & ! fir/ ( ^! he _h once sev]ely puni%$3 b ,neptune 0 /rong]1 ?\gh 9 m9d inf]ior2 & we h no direct evid5ce t he 0 pres5t 9 ! ,assembly ( ! ,eigh? ,book1 :5 ,jupit] bragg$ ( 8 be+ /rong] ?an !m all toge!r4 ,nei!r he nor ,juno obey$ ! comm& ( ,jupit]1 to obs]ve neutrality until 8 purpose ( glorify+ ,hector %\ld h be5 accompli%$4 ,on ! :ole1 ! sup]iority ( ,jupit] to any "o god is cle>1 ?\gh n immeasurable4 ,8 sup]iority to ! :ole is d\btful4 ,! po9t 9 8 fav\r is1 t he nev] 0 actually co]c$4 ,! po9t aga9/ him is1 t 8 w seems to give place1 & ?is too on v great occasions1 to ! s5tim5ts ( ! weightie/ "p ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 ,9 8 gov]nm5t ( ! o!r gods1 ! moral elem5t disappe>s4 ,he does n appeal to _! s5se ( "r1 nor pr(ess to be rul$ 9 8 own proce$+s t[>ds !m by imp>tial ju/ice4 ,on ! contr>y1 he desires ! w\nd$ ,m>s n to sit :9+ by 8 side2 &1 be=e ord]+ ,paieon to heal 8 hurts1 makes a di/9ct decl>ation1 t _h he be5 ! son ( any deity o!r ?an himself1 he %\ld h be5 eject$ f heav5 into a l[] place1 app>5tly mean+ ! d>k & dismal ,t>t>us1 on acc\nt ( 8 love ( qu>rels4 ,a pr(\nd atta*m5t to ease & self-enjoym5t lies at ! root ( 8 "*4 ,he nev] di/urbs ! e/abli%$ ord]2 & he is av]se to movem5t & innovation1 come f :5ce x may4 ,! _s ( ,juno#cah1 s re/less on behalf ( ,greece1 is vexati\s to him 9 ! highe/ degree3 & 8 love ( ,troy1 if x has ref]5ce to any ?+ beyond lib]ality 9 sacrifices & ! desc5t ( ,d>danus1 may p]haps be ref]r$ to its repres5t+ ! /]eotyp$ =m ( society4 ,x is probably on acc\nt ( ?is indol5ce ( temp]am5t t1 :5 he has br\ght ,hector & ! ,trojans z f> z ! ,%ips1 he feels he has _h en\gh = ! mom5t ( ! spectacle ( blood2 & accord+ly he turns 8 eyes ov] ,?race & ! c\ntry ( ! ,mysians1 ! ,hippemolgians1 & ! righte\s & !re=e presumably peaceful ,abii#cai4 ,we>i$ ) ! p]petual d91 he f9ds satisfaction 9 a *ange ( prospect2 b at ano!r "t1 refre%$ z we may suppose1 he coolly /ates t he %all enjoy a sight ( ! battle3 #cah ,il4 v4 #hib4 #cai ,il4 xiii4 #a-f4 ' #cbj4 #cbj ,il4 xx4 #bc4 ,8 political _s4 ,! political elem5t ( ,jupit]'s "*1 reflect$ m n>r[ly & turbul5tly 9 ,juno1 is1 h[ev]1 t :i* des]ves ! greate/ att5tion4 ,x 0 s deeply implant$ 9 him1 t x ent]$ into 8 p]sonal conduct ev5 :5 he 0 n 9 imm$iate contact ) ! ,olympian body4 ,= example1 9 ! ,sixte5? ,iliad1 ,jupit] debates ) himself :e!r he %all save ,s>p$on f dea? by ! h& ( ,patroclus4 ,juno1 to :om he _h made a sort ( appeal = approval1 prote/s accord+ to ! ,olympian =mula1 ' 4 ,%e sugge/s 9 pref]5ce a prompt rescue & disposal ( ! dead body4 ,jupit] is n "h 9 actual contact ) any "o b ,juno4 ,%e1 h[ev]1 m5aces him ) ! sple5 ( ! ,immortals1 & he1 av]se to tr\ble1 & fe>ful ( %ak+ 8 own seat1 acquiesces1 ?\gh at ! co/ ( ! utmo/ pa9#cba4 #cba ,il4 xvi4 #dca-fa4 ,ov] & above ! m]e insignia ( sov]eignty1 ,jupit] holds "s ( 8 be/ pr]ogatives1 bo? t]re/rial & ,olympian1 9 ! capacity ( head ( ! community ( ,immortals4 ,h5ce x is t he is ! /ew>d ( sov]eignty1 & ! *ampion ( social rights4 ,all pr9ces & rul]s hold f him1 & adm9i/] ju/ice "u 8 au?ority4 ,he gave _! sceptre to ! family ( ,pelops3 ev5 ! h]alds are 8 ag5ts1 1 & act 9 8 "n4 ,on ,olympus x falls to him 9 ?is capacity1 n only to conduct & sup]9t5d ! proce$+s ( ! :ole body ( ,immortals1 z a body1 b to ex]cise a v l>ge influ5ce ov] _! relations individually ) m51 & ) "o ano!r4 ,! ,sun c>ries to ,jupit] 9 full c\rt1 z head ( ! body1 8 compla9t aga9/ ! crew ( ,ulysses1 & ,jupit] at once und]takes to av5ge x#cbb4 ,juno1 aga91 appeals to him on ! conduct ( ,m>s#cbc1 & he p]mits h] to let loose ,m9]va on him4 ,m>s1 :5 w\nd$1 goes to ,jupit] ) 8 compla9t#cbd1 & ,diana also1 :5 reque/$1 makes him privy to h]s1 aft] %e has tak5 h] seat ^u 8 knee#cbe4 ,:5 any two deities are 9 any mann] at issue or 9 collision1 or :5 any ( ! m dep5d5t gods h a qu>rel ) m51 !n ,jupit] f9ds 8 place z ! natural arbit]1 & f ?is s\rce he obta9s great support = 8 p[]4 ,! sure/ ( all its gu>antees is inde$ f\nd 9 ! skill ) :i*1 by mak+ ! w ( ,olympus 8 own1 he makes 8 own w irresi/ible4 #cbb ,od4 xii4 #cgg4 #cbc ,il4 v4 #gec4 #cbd ,il4 v4 #hgb4 #cbe ,il4 xxi4 #eje4 ,?us !n ! ,jupit] ( ,hom] has v>i$ elem5ts ( gr&eur1 traditional1 physical1 & political4 ,some?+ also accrues to him by ! %e] necessity ( ! metaphysical ord]4 ,:]ev] ! m9d dem&s a p]sonal orig9 or cause1 he alone c (f] to supply its want4 ,he /ill cont9ues to repres5t1 9 a c]ta9 degree1 ! pr9ciple ( unity2 & he d]ives /r5g? f t pr9ciple4 ,nor does ! solid might ( ,de/9y int]f]e ) 8 claims to ! same ext5t 9 ,hom]1 z x does 9 ! lat] ,greek poetry4 ,?us equipp$ ) augu/ pr]ogatives1 ! ,jupit] ( ,hom] is evid5tly1 to ! popul> view1 ! mo/ sublime object 9 ! ,olympian my?ology4 ,8 bread? & gr&eur ( dim5sion comm5d$ him to ! admir+ fav\r ( ! ,greek arti/1 :o made x 8 supreme ef=t to embody ! conception ( ! ,sov]eign ( ,olympus3 & we may judge ( 8 elevation 9 ! public appreh5sion ov] all o!r deities1 by ! great] sublimity ( ! mat]ial =ms1 9 :i* ! idea ( 8 div9ity has be5 en%r9$4 ,b ! figure ( ,jupit]1 z x is ! pr9cipal1 s x is also ! mo/ anomal\s1 9 ! :ole ,hom]ic assemblage4 ,al?\gh he is1 & ev5 because he is1 ! depository ( s _m among ! mo/ primitive & v5]able ideas1 he becomes also ! butt alike ( ! infirmity1 & ! wantonness1 & insol5ce ( human ?\ght1 9 ! alt]ative op]ations :i* x cont9ually prosecutes ^u ! anci5t & pure idea ( ,godhead4 ,h5ce n only 9 8 "*1 z 9 o!r cases1 does ! inv5tive p[] ev]y:]e sap1 corrode1 invade1 & curtail ! anci5t tradition>y conception ( div9e tru?s1 b x is 9 him t we f9d bo? sy/ems culm9at+ at once1 bo? exhibit+ 9 him1 rais$ to ! highe/ p[]1 _! sep>ate & discordant *>act]i/ics4 ,f "o po9t ( view ,jupit] is ! mo/ sublime ( all ! deities ( ,hom]1 because he is ! fir/ p]sonal s\rce & orig9 ( life1 ! fa!r ( gods & m51 ! supreme manife/ation ( ,p[] & k1 ! pr9cipal1 ?\gh imp]fect liv+ repres5tation ( a ,provid5ce & ,gov]nor ( ! _w4 ,reg>d$ f ano!r po9t ( view1 z we see disclos$ ! l>ge intrusion ( ! human & c>nal elem5t into ! e!real sph]e1 ! "* ( ,jupit] becomes ! mo/ repulsive 9 ! :ole circle ( ,olympian life#cbf4 ,! emancipation f tru?1 ! self-ab&onm5t to gross passion1 ! con/ant brea* ( ! laws he adm9i/]s1 are m conspicu\s 9 ! *ief god ?an 9 any ( ! subord9ate gods1 & are m (f5sive 9 proportion to ! maje/y ) :i* !y are unnaturally associat$4 #cbf ,il4 ii4 #b1 #ab-ae4 xiv4 #bid-f1 et alibi4 ,jupit] z ! type ( animalism4 ,! ungov]nable self-indulg5ce1 :i* ev5 s e>ly z 9 ! "t ( ,hom] has begun to ta9t ?r\gh & ?r\gh ! :ole human conception ( ! ,immortals1 rises to its climax1 z 0 to be expect$1 9 ,jupit]4 ,! idea ( ! ,supreme1 or at lea/ by f> ! ,fir/ be+ ( ! univ]se1 _h n yet1 inde$1 desc5d$ s l[ z x did 9 aft]-times1 :5 x 0 ev5 associat$ ) lu/s contr>y to nature4 ,( ^! !re is no trace 9 ,hom]4 ,b ! law :i* gov]ns ! relation ( sex1 z x exi/s among m51 0 utt]ly relax$ & disorganiz$ = him4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 monogamy1 e/abli%$ = all ,greeks1 = ! *ief god ( ,greece became polygamy2 & 9 ! second1 m>riage 0 no b> aga9/ incessant adult]y4 ,a c]ta9 di/9ction betwe5 ! wives1 & ! m]e p>am\rs1 ( ,jupit] is cle>ly traceable 9 ,hom]4 ,latona1 = in/ance1 is a wife1 an ( ,jupit]4 ,m]cury says ( h]#cbg-- #cbg ,od4 xi4 #ehj4 ,il4 xxi4 #dih4 ' 4 ,b ! intrigues ) ! wife ( ,ixion1 or ) ! daught] ( ,phnix1 :o bore to him ! great ,m9os1 m>k m]e adult]y1 & involve no k9d ( p]man5t relation betwe5 ,jupit] & ?is class ( ! mo!rs ( 8 *ildr54 ,h5ce we d n f9d any su* p]son possess$ ( an int]e/ 9 him1 l t :i* l$ him to take "p 9 ! v5geance inflict$ on ,niobe & h] family by ! *ildr5 ( ,latona#cbh4 ,aga91 z he is n a p]sonal provid5ce1 & does n take *>ge ( ! de/9y or guide ! conduct ( individuals1 nor ev] t\*es ! dep?s ( human nature1 s he has at once ! l>ge/ %>e ( ! passions & ! smalle/ /ock ( ! sympa?ies ( man4 #cbh ,il4 xxiv4 #faa4 ,f an int]m$iate po9t betwe5 ! gr&eur & ! vil5ess ( ,jupit]1 we may obs]ve h[ unequal ! human m9d _h already prov$ to su/a9 its own idea4 ,he ought to be supreme 9 k2 b he is ?rice delud$ by ! cunn+ ( ,juno#cbi1 :o n only outwits him1 b s5ds ,iris d[n to e>? )\t 8 k1 j z ,neptune moves 77 on ! pla9 ( ,troy unse5 by him#ccj4 ,he ought to be supreme 9 =ce1 & he boa/s t he c\ld drag ) ease all ! deities ( ,olympus1 :om he address$1 b he is1 not)/&+1 on ! po9t ( be+ ov]p[]$ by a comb9ation ( inf]ior deities1 :5 he is sav$ by ! timely arrival ( ,bri>eus ) ! hundr$ h&s4 ,8 faculty ( vision does n seem to be limit$ by space :5 he *ooses to employ x#cca1 b x is subject to int]ruption1 bo? volunt>y & involunt>y1 f sleep#ccb4 #cbi ,il4 xiv4 xix4 #ig4 xviii4 #afh4 #ccj ,il4 xiii4 #ceb1 #f4 #cca ,il4 xiii4 #a-g4 #ccb ,il4 i4 #faa4 xiv4 #ceb4 ,al?\gh !re is great sc5ic gr&eur 9 ! "p :i* he plays 9 ! ,iliad1 9 ! ,odyssey he is until ne>ly ! close practically a mute1 & does little m ?an ass5t to ! plans & repres5tations ( ,m9]va4 ,9 ! action1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,iliad1 ! only glimpse ( a p]sonal atta*m5t is to ,hector2 & ?is is f\nd$ simply on ! abundance ( 8 sacrifices4 ,jupit] is ! great prop\nd] ( ! animal view ( t subject3 & accord+ly 9 ! ,odyssey#ccc1 ,m9]va pleads ! case ( ,ulysses v mu* on ?is gr\nd be=e ,jupit]1 ?\gh1 9 all h] int]c\rse ) t *ief1 !re is no sign ( h] valu+ ! (f]+s on h] own acc\nt4 ,9 e po9t ( s5sual susceptibility1 ,jupit] leads ! way = ! ,immortals4 #ccc ,od4 i4 #ff4 ,qualifi$ by 8 p>5tal in/9cts4 ,9 ,jupit]1 z 9 ! almo/ brutal ,m>s1 we f9d rema9+ t relic ( p]sonal virtue :i* dep5ds lea/ ^u reflection1 & fl[s mo/ f in/9ct1 namely1 p>5tal affection4 ,m>s is wr\ght up to fury by le>n+ ! dea? ( 8 son ,ascalaphus2 & ,jupit]1 aft] mu* pa9ful rum9ation on cons5t+ to ! fall ( ,s>p$on1 %$s g\ts ( blood ov] ! de>e/ ( 8 *ildr5#ccd4 ,?is is s+ul>ly gr& z poetry1 & f> sup]ior to ! %e] mania ( ,m>s4 ,inde$ x is evid5t t ,hom] ex]t$ himself to ! utmo/ 9 adorn+ ?is maje/ic figure1 z a m]e figure1 ) ! ri*e/ treasures ( 8 imag9ation4 #ccd ,il4 xvi4 #deh4 ,:51 9 ! ,tw5ty-,fir/ ,iliad1 ! great battle ( ! gods beg9s1 ,jupit] has no "p to take4 ,he sits al(t 9 8 indep5d5t security1 :ile !y cont5d toge!r1 ev5 z he 0 aft]w>ds suppos$ to keep alo( f tr\ble & responsibility = human affairs4 ,! same s5tim5t appe>s 9 ! det]m9ation ( ,neptune & ,apollo n to qu>rel on acc\nt ( mortals4 ,b 9 ! case ( ,jupit]1 ! selfi% pr9ciple comes out ) great] =ce3 he is n m]ely indiff]5t1 b he absolutely rejoices 9 ! /rife ( ! ,immortals3 1 ' 4 ,^u ! :ole x is c]ta9ly ! ,jupit] ( ,hom] 9 :om1 ( all 8 great] gods1 not)/&+ 8 ab/ract attributes1 we see1 fir/1 ! mo/ complete surr5d] ( p]sonal morality & self-gov]nm5t to m]e appetite2 secondly1 ! mo/ ?or\ghly selfi% gr\ndwork ( "*3 ! g]m1 & 9 no small degree ! developm5t1 ( :at 0 aft]w>ds to af=d to speculation ! mat]ials = ! ,epicurean !ory respect+ ! div9e nature1 z x is set =? 9 ! v]se ( ,lucretius1 or 9 ! argum5ts ( ! ,cic]onian ,cotta4 ,juno4 ,! ,juno ( ,hom]4 ,! ,juno ( ! ,iliad is by f> ! mo/ conspicu\s & spl5did1 z %e is also ! mo/ evid5tly national1 product ( ! inv5tive p[] to be f\nd 9 ! entire circle ( ! !o-my?ology4 ,n t ,greek inv5tion creat$ h] out ( no?+4 ,on ! contr>y1 %e repres5t$ abundant prototypes 9 ! my?ologies ( ! ,ea/4 ,h] ,greek "n1 1 is1 ,i appreh5d1 a =m ( 1 ! e>?#cce2 & 9 h] fir/ =m %e probably repres5t$ "o ( its ori5tal imp]sonations4 ,b !y all _h to pass ?r\gh ! crucible1 & !y came out 9 a =m z purely ,hell5ic z if x _h be5 absolutely orig9al4 #cce ,wels=d on ! ,engli% ,language1 p4 #afe4 ,x is pla9 f ! nature ( ! case1 t %e c h _h no place 9 primitive tradition4 ,b x may be well be=e discuss+ h] my?ological orig91 h] dignity & positive functions1 to ref] to c]ta9 indications f :i* we may make sure t ,hom] has h&l$ ! "* 9 ! mode obs]v$ by him = deities ( inv5tion only4 ,!re is1 !n1 ab\t ,juno a liability to passion1 & a want ( moral elevation1 :i* are among ! c]ta9 m>ks ( my?ological orig94 ,jupit] decl>es 8 belief t1 if %e c\ld1 %e w\ld eat ! ,trojans2 nor does %e res5t ! imputation#ccf4 ,:5 ,vulcan is born1 angry at ! mean appe>ance & lam5ess ( ! infant1 %e pit*es him d[n into ! sea#ccg4 ,^! repres5tations are entirely at v>iance ) ! con/ant dignity & self-comm&1 :i* m>k ! deportm5t ( ! great traditive deities4 ,h] :ole activity 9 ! ,iliad is n m]ely en]getic1 b 9 ! highe/ degree passionate & ard5t4 #ccf ,il4 iv4 #cd-f4 #ccg ,il4 xviii4 #cie-i4 ,s aga91 tak+ into consid]ation ! comp>ative purity atta*+ to h] sex1 :i* we see s fully ma9ta9$ 9 ,diana1 h] resort to ! use ( s5sual passion1 9 ,il4 xiv41 ev5 ?\gh only z an in/rum5t = an end1 is a m>k t ! "* is1 9 its basis1 my?ological4 ,nor d we any:]e f9d ascrib$ to h] e?ical1 or :at may be call$ !i/ic s5tim5ts3 pure p[] & policy are h] delight2 & %e n[h]e ent]s individually )9 ! l9e ( ! moral & ,provid5tial ord] at all1 nor takes any %>e 9 sup]9t5d+ x#cch4 #cch ,h5ce ! are 9 conflict ) h] 9 ,il4 xix4 #dah4 ,on ?is v curi\s subject see inf4 sect4 iv4 ,9 ! ,iliad1 ( :i* ! m>tial movem5t is appropriate to h]1 & :]e ! ,greek nationality is plac$ 9 %>p contra/ ) a =eign "o1 %e plays a great "p1 is ev] al]t & at "w1 & contributes ma9ly to ! progress ( ! action4 ,b 9 ! ,odyssey1 a poem m simply !i/ic & e?ical1 & )\t any opposition ( nationalities1 %e has no %>e 9 ! action1 & may be said practically to disappe> f view4 ,to appreciate ! =ce ( ?is circum/ance1 we mu/ contra/ x ) ,hom]'s treatm5t ( ano!r deity1 inf]ior to h] 9 ! ,olympian community4 ,! ?ree greate/ deities1 among ^? :o embody mu* ( primitive tradition1 are ,jupit]1 ,m9]va1 & ,apollo4 ,( ^!1 ,jupit]1 9 ! "* ( ,provid5ce1 has ev]y:]e a place ready made = him2 ,m9]va1 z ! guide & protectress ( ,ulysses1 has ample opportunities = h] activity2 b x is n s ) ,apollo3 & 9 consequ5ce ,hom] has be5 c>eful to supply 9 ! poem po9ts ( contact ) him1 by ! introduction ( ,!oclym5us1 & ( ! gr& imag]y ( ! second sight1 :i* is 8 gift2 by fix+ ! critical day at ! new moon1 :i* 0 sacr$ to him1 & by caus+ ! crisis to turn ^u ! b[1 8 fam\s weapon3 z ?\gh ^! ?ree1 ,jupit]1 ,m9]va1 & ,apollo1 7 ! univ]sal1 p]man5t1 & indisp5sable deities2 b ! o!rs occasional1 & to be us$ accord+ to circum/ances4 ,juno has no su* place or (fice provid$ = h] 9 ! ,odyssey1 z !y h4 ,!re is yet ano!r m>k adh]+ to ,juno1 :i* cle>ly sep>ates betwe5 h] & ! ,hom]ic deities ( /rongly m>k$ traditional "*3 namely1 t %e 0 n exempt f ! t\* ( defeat & di%on\r4 ,=1 9 ! c\rse ( h] long feud ) ,h]cules1 t h]o w\nd$ h] ) an arr[ 9 ! left brea/1 & caus$ h] to suff] desp]ate pa9#cci4 ,aga91 %e 0 ignom9i\sly puni%$ by ,jupit]2 :o susp5d$ h] ) h] h&s 9 *a9s1 & ) anvils hang+ f h] feet#cdj4 #cci ,il4 v4 #cib4 #cdj ,il4 xv4 #ah-ba4 ,h] int5se nationality4 ,h] /rong & pr(\nd ,greek nationality has obta9$ = h] ! "n ( ,argeian ,juno4 ,! f]v\r ( ?is nationality is mo/ signally exemplifi$ 9 ! passage :]e ,jupit] tells h]1 t %e reg>ds ! ,greeks z h] *ildr5#cda2 & aga91 :]e %e lets u "k t x 0 %e#cdb :o collect$ ! armam5t aga9/ ,troy4 ,%e conducts ,agamemnon ! head ( ! ,greek nation safely on ! sea#cdc2 & c>ries ,jason ?r\gh ! #cdd4 ,?is is ! vivify+ idea ( h] :ole "*1 & fills x ) en]gy1 vigilance1 det]m9ation1 & p]sev]ance4 ,h] hatr$ ( ,h]cules _c h be5 ow+ to conjugal jeal\sy1 ) :i* %e is n tr\bl$ 9 ,hom]1 = ,jupit] recites 8 conque/s 9 address+ h] on ,ida2 inde$1 _h %e be5 liable to ?is emotion1 x mu/1 f ! frequ5t recurr5ce ( its occasions1 h suppli$ ! ma9 ?read ( h] feel+ & action4 ,x 0 h] id5tification 9 s\l ) ! ,p]seid dyna/y1 ! legitimate repres5tative1 9 its own day1 ( ! ,hell5ic race1 & 9 occupation ( its sov]eign seat1 t made h] fil*1 on behalf ( ,eury/heus1 ! effect ( ! promise int5d$ by ,jupit] = ,h]cules1 & t engag$ h] aft]w>ds 9 a con/ant /ruggle to be> d[n t ela/ic h]o1 ^: high p]sonal gifts /ill ?reat5$ to eclipse 8 royal relative & competitor4 ,s aga91 unlike ,m9]va#cde1 ev5 :ile seek+ to op]ate ?r\gh ,trojans1 %e /udi\sly avoids contact ) !m4 ,m9]va is s5t z ag5t to ,p&>us#cdf2 b ?is is on ! sugge/ion ( ,juno4 ,9 tru?1 ?is int5sely national /amp localizes ! div9ity ( ,juno1 &1 be+ c\nt]act$ by no o!r sign1 fixes on h] ! note bo? ( inv5tion1 & ( ,greek inv5tion4 #cda ,il4 xviii4 #ceh1 #i4 #cdb ,il4 iv4 #bd4 #cdc ,od4 iv4 #eac4 #cdd ,od4 xii4 #gb4 #cde ,vid4 ,il4 iv4 #id4 #cdf ,il4 iv4 #fd4 ,) respect n[ to h] dignity & positive functions1 ^! are ( a v high ord]4 ,! ,olympian gods rise f _! seats to greet h] 7z !y d to ,jupit]7 :5 %e comes among !m#cdg4 #cdg ,il4 xv4 #he4 ,%e acts imm$iately ^u ! ?\ghts ( m53 z :51 at ! outset ( ! ,iliad1 %e prompts ,a*illes to call ! fir/ ,greek assembly2 #cdh4 ,on v>i\s occasions1 %e sugge/s action to ,m9]va1 & x foll[s#cdi3 9 ! ,fir/ ,book1 ,juno is ev5 said to s5d h]1 ?\gh by ano!r arrangem5t ! ,poet has provid$ aga9/ atta*+ inf]iority to t goddess#cej4 ,x may be t 9 h] seem+ to employ ,m9]va1 z 9 s _m ( h] highe/ functions1 %e is reflect+ "o ( ! high pr]ogatives ( ,jupit]4 ,c]ta9 x is t by ! side ( h] ceaseless & passionate activity1 ev5 ,m9]va appe>s1 except on ! battle-field1 to play1 9 ! ,iliad1 a "p second>y to h]s4 ,%e 0 s p[]ful#cea1 n only z to =m "o ( ! great tr9e rebellion aga9/ ,jupit]1 :i* s ne>ly de?ron$ him1 b z to make him feel greatly reliev$ & rejoic$1 9 8 diff]5ces ) ,neptune1 :5 %e promises to side ) him#ceb3 #8) y\r aid1' s ?9ks ,jupit]1 #8he w easily be kept 9 ord]1 & w h to act z we c\ld wi%4' ,%e is c]ta9ly ! mo/ bold1 untir+1 zeal\s1 & effective assi/ant to ! ,greeks3 :ile %e nev] bates a hair ( h] wra?1 9 compassion or o!rwise1 t[>ds any ,trojan4 #cdh ,il4 i4 #ee4 ,comp4 viii4 #bah4 #cdi ,il4 ii4 #aef4 v4 #gaa4 viii4 #cca4 #cej ,vid4 supr4 p4 #ff4 #cea ,il4 i4 #aie4 #ceb ,il4 xv4 #di-eb4 ,h] my?ological functions4 ,l ,neptune & o!rs1 %e assumes ! human =m#cec1 & evokes a cl\d ( vap\r ?is way or t3 b %e does mu* m4 ,h] p[] displays itself 9 v>i\s =ms1 bo? ov] deities1 & ov] animate & inanimate nature4 ,9 "s ( ^! p>ticul>ly1 h] proce$+s seem to be a reflect$ image ( h] husb&'s4 ,iris#ced is n only 8 mess5g]1 b h]'s4 ,%e n only ord]s ! ,w9ds1 b %e s5ds ! ,sun to 8 sett+#cee1 9 spite ( 8 reluctance4 ,:51 9 h] indignation at ! boa/ ( ,hector1 %e rocks on h] ?rone1 %e %akes ,olympus#cef4 ,%e end[s ! dea?less horses ( ,a*illes ) a voice#ceg4 ,& conjo9$ ) ,m9]va1 %e ?und]s 9 hon\r ( ,agamemnon :5 j arm$4 ,except ! case ( ! horse1 all ^! appe> to be ! reflect$ uses ( ! p[] ( ,jupit] z god ( air4 #cec ,il4 v4 #ghd-ib4 #ced ,il4 xviii4 #afh4 #cee ,ibid4 #bci4 #cef ,il4 viii4 #aic4 #ceg ,il4 xix4 #djg4 ,we f9d f ! spee* ( ,phnix1 t ) ,m9]va %e c conf] val\r#ceh4 ,9 a curi\s passage ( ! ,odyssey1 ,hom] tells u h[ ! daught]s ( ,p&>us 7 suppli$ by v>i\s goddesses ) v>i\s qualities & gifts4 ,diana gave !m size1 ,juno gave !m 4 ,we %\ld r h expect$ ! la/ to come f ,m9]va3 b %e end[$ !m ) or indu/rial skill1 s t h] dignity has be5 9 ano!r way provid$ =4 ,b if ! l9es are g5u9e1 !n 9 ! capacity ( ,juno to conf] ! gift ( or prud5ce1 we see a po9t ( contact betwe5 h] p[]ful b m limit$1 & ,m9]va's l>g] "*#cei4 #ceh ,il4 ix4 #bed4 #cei ,od4 xx4 #gj-b4 ,! full idea ( h] m9d is 9 fact conta9$ 9 ! union ( great a/ut5ess ) h] self-comm&1 =ce1 & c\rage3 :i*1 9 effect1 makes x ! reflection ( ! g5ius ( ! ,greeks :5 depriv$ ( its moral elem5t3 & places x 9 v ne> correspond5ce ) t ( ! ,phnicians1 :o are l ,greeks1 some:at s]i\sly maim$ 9 t "o great dep>tm5t4 ,?is full idea is exhibit$ on two great occasions4 ,once :5 %e outwits ,jupit]1 by fa/5+ him ) an oa? to 8 promise1 & !n1 ha/5+ "o bir?1 & by h] comm& ov] ! ,eili?ui ret>d+ ano!r1 proce$s to make ,eury/heus ! recipi5t ( :at ,jupit] _h int5d$ = ano!r less remote desc5dant ( 8 own4 ,aga91 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad1 by a d>+ comb9ation1 %e hoaxes ,v5us to obta9 h] capital *>m1 induces ,sleep by a bribe to und]take an almo/ desp]ate ent]prise1 & !n1 ?\gh on acc\nt ( 8 s5tim5ts t[>ds ,troy %e felt disgu/ 7,il4 xiv4 #aeh7 z %e look$ ^u ,jupit]1 enslaves him = ! "t ?r\gh a passion ( :i* %e is n h]self ! slave1 b :i* %e uses z h] in/rum5t = a great end ( policy4 ,%e is1 9 %ort1 a great1 f]vid1 unscrupul\s1 & mo/ able ,greek patriot1 exhibit+ little ( div9e +r$i5ts1 b gift$ ) a m>k$ & p[]ful human individuality4 ,x may be wor? :ile to obs]ve 9 pass+1 an indication z to ! limit$ p[]s ( locomotion :i* ,hom] ascrib$ to 8 deities4 ,! horses ( ,juno1 :5 %e drives1 cov] at ea* /ep a space z great z ! human eye c comm& look+ along ! sea4 ,b :5 %e has ! two op]ations to p]=m on ! same day1 "o ^u ! "m ( ,eury/heus1 & ! o!r on ! "m ( ,h]cules1 %e att5ds to ! fir/ 9 h] own p]son1 & app>5tly manages ! o!r by comm& giv5 to ! ,eili?ui 7,il4 xix4 #aai74 ,if s1 !n %e 0 evid5tly 9 ! ,poet's m9d subject to ! laws ( space & corporal pres5ce3 & 8 figure ( ! horse's spr+ 0 "o on :i* he w\ld n rely = ! managem5t ( an important piece ( bus9ess4 ,!re are ?ree places1 & ?ree only1 9 ! poems1 :i* c\ld connect ,juno ) ! ,trojans4 ,"o is ! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is 7,il4 xxiv4 #bi74 ,! o!rs are no m ?an v]bal only4 ,hector swe>s by ,jupit] 8! l\d ?und]+ husb& ( ,"h#cfj40 ,& aga91 he wi%es he _h z c]ta9ly ,jupit] = 8 fa!r1 & ,juno = 8 "m#cfa1 z he is c]ta9 t ! day w br+ disa/] to ! ,greeks4 ,we _c1 !n1 say t %e 0 absolutely unkn[n to ! ,trojans 9 h] ,hell5ic =m1 :ile !y may h be5 m famili> ) h] ea/]n prototypes#cfb4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 foll[1 t %e 0 a deity ( e/abli%$ wor%ip among !m4 ,!re is no notice ( any in/itution or act ( religion on ! "o side1 or ( c>e on ! o!r1 betwe5 h] & any memb] ( _! race4 ,9 ! m5tion ( h] among ! ,trojans1 we may p]haps h an in/ance ( ! v common t5d5cy ( ! hea!n nations to adopt1 by sympa?y z x 71 deities f "o ano!r2 indep5d5tly ( all positive causes1 su* z migration1 or e?nical or political connection4 #cfj ,il4 x4 #cbi4 #cfa ,il4 xiii4 #hbg4 #cfb ,see ,il4 iii4 #ajd4 ,h] my?ological orig94 ,! orig9 ( ,juno1 :i* w\ld ?us on _m gr\nds appe> to h be5 ,hell5ic1 appe>s to be ref]able to ! pr9ciple1 :i* ,i h call$ conomy1 & "u :i* ! relations ( deities 7 ?r[n into ! kn[n =ms ( ! human family4 ,?is process1 accord+ to ! symmetrical & logical turn ( ! ,greek m9d1 began :5 x 0 ne$$ = its purpose1 & /opp$ :5 x _h done its "w4 ,gods1 t 7 to g5]ate or re> o!r gods1 7 c\pl$2 & p>tn]s 7 suppli$ by simple reflection ( ! "* ( ! male1 :]e !re 0 no ,idea or ,p[] ready = imp]sonation t w\ld s]ve ! turn4 ,?us1 1 ,e>? or ,matt]1 f\nd a suitable mate = 1 or ,"t4 ,b to make a mat* = ,oceanus1 8 own m]e reflect$ image1 or fem99e1 0 call$ into be+ "u ! "n ( ,te?ys4 ,su* 01 b only aft] ! "t ( ,hom]1 ,amphitrite = ,neptune1 & ,pros]p9e = ,hades4 ,9 ,hom] ! latt] is m1 & ! =m] less ?an ?is4 ,x 0 by no?+ less ?an an entire metamorphosis1 t ! ,greek ,juno 0 educ$ f1 or sub/itut$ =1 "s old deification ( ! ,e>?4 ,%e is mu* m a creation ?an an adaptation4 ,:at %e really repres5ts 9 ,olympus1 is sup]natural wifehood2 ( :i* ! common m>k is1 ! want ( positive & di/9ct attributes 9 ! goddess4 ,) ?is may be comb9$ a negative sign n less pregnant ) evid5ce2 namely1 ! d]ivation & second>y h&l+ ( ! pr]ogatives ( ! husb&4 ,! case ( ,juno is cle> & /rong "u bo? heads4 ,h] gr&eur arises f h] be+ clo!d 9 ! reflect$ rays ( h] husb&'s supremacy1 l ,a*illes 9 ! fla% ( ! gis4 ,b positive div9e function %e has none :atev]1 except ! sl5d] "o ( presid+ ov] mat]nity by h] own ag5cy1 & by t ( h] figurative daught]s1 ! ,eili?ui4 ,%e is1 :5 we contemplate h] critically1 ! goddess ( mo!rhood & ( no?+ else4 ,& 9 tru?1 z ! fire made ,vulcan1 & w> made ,m>s1 h] my?ological *ildr51 s mo!rhood made ,juno1 & is h] type 9 actual nature4 ,%e became a goddess1 to give effect to ! pr9ciple ( conomy1 to br+ ! *ildr5 ( ,jupit] into ! _w1 to enable man1 9 %ort1 to con/ruct t ,olympian ord]1 :i* he 0 to wor%ip4 ,hav+ be5 ?us conceiv$1 %e assum$ high p[]s & dignities 9 "r ( h] husb&1 ^: si/] %e 0 fabl$ to be1 ^u becom+ also 8 wife1 because ei!r logical in/9ct1 or ! anci5t traditions ( our race r5d]$ x a necessity = ! ,greeks to d]ive ! div9e1 z well z ! human1 family f a s+le pair4 ,h[ev] /rictly ,hell5ic may h be5 ! position ( ,juno1 we mu/ reckon h] z ! si/] ( ,jupit] to h be5 wor%ipp$1 9 ,hom]'s "t1 f beyond ! memory ( man4 ,= %e c>ries ^u h] no tok51 :i* c entitle u to assign to h] a rec5t orig94 ,rec5t1 ,i mean1 9 h] ,hell5ic =m3 ap>t f ! fact t %e 0 n conceiv$ by ! ,greeks1 s to speak1 out ( no?+2 & t %e1 9 common ) _m o!r deities1 repres5ts ! ,greek remodell+1 9 ?is case peculi>ly se>*+ & complete1 ( ea/]n traditions4 ,! repres5tation 9 !ology ( ! female pr9ciple 0 ea/]n1 &1 z we h se51 ev5 ,jewi%4 ,_h ,juno be5 simply adopt$1 %e w\ld probably h be5 an elem5tal p[]1 correspond+ ) ,e>? 9 ! visible creation4 ,9 lieu ( ?is %e became ,que5 ( ,olympus1 &1 9 relation to m51 goddess ( ,greece4 ,e>? rema9s1 9 ,hom]1 almo/ unvivifi$ 9 consequ5ce4 ,b x may h be5 on acc\nt ( ?is aff9ity1 z well z ( h] relation to ,jupit]1 t %e has be5 s lib]ally end[$ ) p[] ov] nature4 ,neptune4 ,! ,neptune ( ,hom]4 ,neptune is "o ( ?ree sons ( & 1 & comes next to ,jupit] 9 ord] ( bir?4 ,9 ! ,fifte5? ,iliad he claims an equality ( rank1 & av]s t ! di/ribution ( sov]eignties among ! ?ree bro!rs 0 made by lot4 ,! ,sea is 81 ! ,%ades are subject to ,aides1 ,jupit] has ! ,heav5 & ,air2 ,e>? & ,olympus are common to !m all4 ,:]e=e1 says ,neptune1 ,i am no m]e satellite ( ,jupit]3 great z he is1 let him re/ cont5t ) 8 own %>e2 & if he wants somebody to comm&1 let him comm& 8 own sons & daught]s4 ,p]haps !re may "h be convey$ a taunt at ,jupit] ) respect to ! indep5d5t & adv]se policy ( ,m9]va4 ,?is v curi\s spee* is deliv]$ by ,neptune 9 reply to ! comm& ( ,jupit]1 t he %\ld leave ! field ( battle be=e ,troy1 :i* 0 back$ by ?reats4 ,iris1 ! mess5g]1 :o he>s him1 9 h] reply f\nds ! sup]iority ( ,jupit] on 8 s5iority only4 ,to ?is ,neptune yields3 b res]ves 8 "r ( res5tm5t if ,jupit] %\ld sp>e ,troy#cfc4 ,nor does ,jupit] s5d d[n ,apollo to enc\rage ! ,trojans1 until ,neptune has actually retir$3 he !n expresses great satisfaction at ! )drawal ( ,neptune )\t a battle betwe5 !m1 :i* w\ld h be5 he>d & felt 9 ,t>t>us2 possibly imply+ t ,neptune w\ld h be5 hurl$ into x#cfd1 b ref]r+ di/9ctly to ! c]ta9 difficulty ( ! affair2 #cfc ,il4 xv4 #agd-bag4 #cfd ,vid4 ,il4 viii4 #ac4 ' #cfe4 #cfe ,il4 xv4 #bbj-ce4 ,we h n[ cle>ly en\gh be=e u ! v s+ul> comb9ation ( ideas t ent]$ into ! conception ( ! ,hom]ic ,neptune1 & we may pron\nce1 ) tol]able confid5ce1 ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ea* "o ( !m acquir$ its place !re4 ,!y are ^!3 #a4 ,z "o ( ! tr9e bro!rhood1 :o are jo9tly possess$ ( ! highe/ p[] ov] ! regions ( creation1 he is "p-repres5tative ( ! primeval tradition respect+ ! ,div9e ,nature & ,p]sons4 #b4 ,z god ( ! ,sea1 he provides an imp]sonation to take *>ge ( "o ( ! great doma9s ( ext]nal nature4 #c4 ,z ! elde/ & /ronge/1 next to ,jupit]1 ( ! ,immortal family1 he repres5ts ! nucleus ( rivalry & mat]ial1 or ma9-=ce1 opposition to ! head ( ! ,olympian family4 ,8 traits *iefly my?ological4 ,) respect to ! fir/1 ! proposition itself seems to conta9 ne>ly all t c be said to belong to ,neptune 9 "r ( primitive tradition1 except inde$ z to c]ta9 /ray relics4 ,"o ( ^! seems to hang ab\t him1 9 ! =m ( an extraord9>y respect paid to him by ! *ildr5 ( ,jupit]4 ,apollo is re/ra9$ by ?is feel+ 77 f com+ to bl[s ) him#cff3 a simil> s5tim5t re/ra9s ,m9]va1 n only f appe>+ to ,ulysses 9 h] own ,phacian #cfg1 b ev51 z %e says1 f assi/+ him at all dur+ 8 previ\s adv5tures#cfh4 ,b ?is is all4 ,! pr]ogatives :i* are s conspicu\s 9 ,apollo & ,m9]va1 & :i* e/abli% _! orig9 z some?+ set high] ?an ! lu/ ( pure human inv5tion1 are b r>ely & slightly disc]nible 9 ,neptune4 ,9 simple /r5g? he /&s ) ,hom] next to ,jupit]1 = to no o!r deity w\ld ,jupit] h paid ! complim5t ( decl>+ x a s]i\s matt] to co]ce him4 ,b !re is no sign ( intellectual or moral elevation ab\t him4 ,( ! =m] we may judge f 8 spee*es2 = ! spee*es ( gods are 9 ,hom] ne>ly z *>act]i/ic z ^? ( h]oes4 ,z to ! latt]1 8 num]\s human *ildr5 %[ t he did n rise above ! my?ological /&>d2 & 8 implacable res5tm5t aga9/ ,ulysses 0 occasion$ by a retribution t ! mon/] ,polyphemus _h receiv$1 n only j 9 itself1 b ev5 relatively slight4 #cff ,il4 xxi4 #dfh4 #cfg ,od4 vi4 #cbi4 #cfh ,od4 xiii4 #cda4 ,x does n appe> t pray] is address$ to him except 9 connection ) p>ticul> places1 or 9 virtue ( special titles2 z :5 ! ,neleids1 8 desc5dants1 (f] sacrifice to him on ! ,pylian %ore#cfi1 or ! ,phacians#cgj seek to av]t ?reat5$ disa/]1 or :5 ,polyphemus 8 son ro>s to him = help#cga4 ,! sacrifices to him h app>5tly a local "*3 at ,on*e/us is 8 #cgb1 & ,juno appeals to him 9 ! "n ( ! (f]+s made to him by ! ,greeks at ,helice & g#cgc4 ,! ,envoys ( ! ,n9? ,iliad pray to him = ! success ( _! ent]prise2 b x is :ile _! mission is lead+ !m along ! sea-bea*#cgd4 ,he c assume ! =m ( a man2 c c>ry (f 8 fri5ds 9 vap\r1 or lift !m ?r\gh ! air#cge2 c inspire fire & vig\r into h]oes1 yet ?is is done only ?r\gh a s5sible m$ium1 namely1 by a /roke ( 8 /aff#cgf4 ,he blunts1 too1 ! po9t ( an ho/ile spe>#cgg4 ,b none ( ^! op]ations are ( ! highe/ ord] ( p[]4 ,& :5 ,polyphemus fa9tly expresses ! idea t ,neptune c re/ore 8 eye1 7:i* h[ev] he does n ask 9 pray]17 ,ulysses taunts him 9 reply ) x z an und\bt$ c]ta9ty1 t ! god c d no su* ?+4 ,) ?is we may contra/ ! rem>kable bodily *anges op]at$ by ,m9]va ^u ,ulysses3 !y d n inde$ involve ! precise po9t ( re/or+ a de/roy$ memb]2 b !y are f> beyond any?+ :i* ,hom] has ascrib$ to 8 ,neptune4 ,nor does ! ,poet ev] speak ( any op]ation ( ?is k9d z exce$+ ! p[] ( ,m9]va2 :o enjoy$ 9 a l>g] =m1 & by a g5]al title1 some?+ l t p[] ( trans=mation1 :i* 0 ! special gift & function ( ,circe & ! ,sir5s4 ,! discussion ( ! pr]ogatives ( t half-sorc]ess1 half-goddess1 w ?r[ "s fur!r light ^u ! rank ( ,neptune4 #cfi ,il4 xi4 #gbh4 ,od4 iii4 #e4 #cgj ,od4 xiii4 #aha4 #cga ,od4 ix4 #ebf4 #cgb ,il4 ii4 #ejf4 #cgc ,il4 viii4 #bjc4 #cgd ,il4 ix4 #ahc4 #cge ,il4 xiii4 #dc1 #baf4 xiv4 #ace4 xi4 #geb4 xx4 #cba-i4 #cgf ,il4 xiii4 #ei4 #cgg xiii4 #efb4 ,except1 !n1 9 8 position z bro!r & cop>tn]1 ,neptune is v feebly m>k$ ) ! traditional "*4 ,aga91 9 no deity is ! m]e animal delight 9 sacrifice m /rongly develop$4 ,by (f]+s1 8 m5ac$ de/ruction ( ! ,phacian city seems to be av]t$4 ,8 pleasure 9 ! sacrifice ( bulls is specially record$#cgh3 & 8 rem>kable fondness = ! ,solyman m\nta9s1 & ! ,e?iopian qu>t]1 is p]haps connect$ ) ! em95t lib]ality ( t p at _! alt>s4 #cgh ,il4 xx4 #dje4 ,"o traditive note1 h[ev]1 we f9d ^u him1 :5 we reg>d him z god ( ! sea3 & x is ?is1 t he is provid$ ) a ,second>y4 ,x seems z ?\gh x 0 felt1 t he did n :olly satisfy ! dem&s ( ! m]e elem5t3 & accord+ly a god simply elem5tal has be5 provid$ 9 ! p]son ( ,n]eus1 :o is ! c5tre ( ! subm>9e c\rt1 & :o appe>s nev] to quit ! dep?s4 ,n]eus is ! elem5t imp]sonat$3 ,neptune is its sov]eign1 has n 8 orig9 9 x1 b comes to x f )\t4 ,nei!r is 8 comm& ov] ! wat]s q exclusive4 ,he c ( c\rse raise a /orm at sea4 ,he c break (f fragm5ts1 z ! sea does1 f rocks ^u ! coa/#cgi3 & he ?reat5s to ov]:elm ! ,phacian city by ?is means#chj4 ,9 conjunction ) 8 p[] ov] ! sea1 he c let loose ! w9ds1 & d>k5 ! sky4 ,on ! o!r h&1 n ,jupit] only1 b ,juno & ,m9]va1 c use ! sea indep5d5tly ( him1 z an in/rum5t ( _! designs4 #cgi ,od4 iv4 #ejf4 #chj ,od4 xiii4 #aeb4 ,aga91 :ile n fully develop$ z ! m]e elem5tal sea-god1 he has cl++ to him c]ta9 traditions :i* x is v difficult to atta* to any portion :atev] ( 8 g5]al "*4 ,i d n f9d any key to 8 int]e/ 9 neas1 :om he rescues f ,a*illes3 unless x may possibly be1 t ! gods1 9 ! abs5ce ( any p>ticul> motive ! o!r way1 took a common int]e/ 9 ! desc5dants ( _! race1 or ( ,jupit] z its head4 ,/ill less is x feasible to expla9 ! leg5d ( 8 s]vice "u ,laom$on 9 company ) ,apollo1 s z to place x 9 any cle> relation to ! o!r traditions respect+ him4 ,he has1 aga91 a peculi> relation to ! horse1 = ?\gh a sea-god1 he employs ! animal to transport him to ,troas2 & x 0 he1 :o pres5t$ ,xan?us & ,balius to ,peleus#cha4 ,aga91 he1 9 conjunction ) ,jupit]#chb1 conf]r$ ! gift ( manag+ ! horse on 8 desc5dant ,antilo*us4 #cha ,il4 xxiii4 #bgg4 #chb ,ibid4 #cjg4 ,9 ! leg5d ( ! ,eigh? ,odyssey1 he does n %>e ! unbecom+ laught] ( ! o!r deities at ! ridicul\s pr$icam5t & disgrace ( ,m>s1 b e>ne/ly lab\rs = 8 release1 & actually becomes 8 security = ! damages due#chc4 ,:at 0 ! cause ( ?is peculi> int]e/8 ,x is difficult to conceive ! aim ( ! ,poet 9 ?is place4 ,"s h sugge/$ ! comic effect#chd :i* he has produc$ by putt+ ! petition 9 ! m\? ( ,neptune1 ^: m]e op9ion t ,m>s w\ld pay 0 valueless1 inasmu* z he 0 f> too p[]ful to be call$ to acc\nt by ,vulcan = any ?+ :i* he might h said4 ,x seems to me m likely t1 z be+1 9 ! possible abs5ce ( ,jupit] z well z ! goddesses1 ! s5ior & grave/ ( ! deities1 he becomes ! (ficial gu>dian ( ,olympian decorum2 & t he acts "h z ! prop] p]son to f9d an escape f a dilemma :i*1 :ile ludicr\s1 is also emb>rass+1 & requires poetically a solution4 #chc ,od4 viii4 #cdd-ei4 #chd ,nitzs* 9 loc4 ,amphitrite1 ! wife ( ,neptune 9 ! lat] my?ology1 is n s nam$ 9 ,hom]1 by :om %e is b d\btfully p]sonifi$4 ,yet !re is1 z x 71 an anticipation ( ! union1 9 ! passage :]e he tells u t %e re>s mon/]-fi%es to d ! w ( ,neptune4 ,or x may be meant "h1 t %e is ! wife ( ,n]eus4 ,8 relation to ! ,phnicians4 ,! connection ( ,neptune ) ! sea naturally raises ! "q1 :e!r ! introduction ( 8 wor%ip into ,greece c h be5 ow$ to ! ,phnicians4 ,= an auxili>y m>k1 we h ! fact t ,ino1 ( ,phnician extraction1 is a /rictly m>itime deity#che1 #che ,od4 v4 #cce4 ' 4 ,! v frequ5t intrigues ( ,neptune ) wom5 may be ! my?ical dress ( ! adv5tures ( ,phnician sailors 9 ?is k9d3 su* z t :i* is rec\nt$#chf 9 ! /ory ( ,eumu4 ,we may notice1 too1 t 9 ! ,iliad1 he does n p>ticul>ly love ! ,greeks1 b simply hates ! ,trojans4 ,he1 ) ,jupit]1 we are told1 lov$ ,antilo*us#chg4 ,jupit]1 no d\bt1 because he _h a reg>d = him z a ,greek3 ,neptune1 pla9ly1 because he 0 8 desc5dant4 ,& 9 ?is way p]haps we may be/ expla9 ! connection betwe5 ,neptune & "s abode 9 ! ,ea/1 f> away f 8 own doma94 ,he is abs5t f ! ,assembly ( ! ,fir/ ,odyssey#chh1 among ! ,e?iopians3 & he sees ,ulysses1 on 8 voyage homew>ds1 f af>1 namely (f ! ,solyman m\nta9s2 ) :i* we mu/ suppose he _h "s p]man5t tie1 z no special cause is /at$ = 8 hav+ be5 !re4 ,x little accords ) 8 "* z a m>9e god3 b x is 9 h>mony ) ! view ( him z belong+ to ! circle ( ! ,phnician traditions1 t he %\ld visit a nation1 ( :i* ,hom]1 ,i believe1 conceiv$ z be+ b a little beyond ,phnicia4 #chf ,od4 xv4 #dbj4 #chg ,il4 xxiii4 #bgg4 #chh ,od4 i4 #bb4 ,b we h /ill to consid] ! fragm5ts ( in=mation :i* conc]n ,neptune1 "u ! ?ird ( ! heads above giv54 ,& to ! tradition ( ! ,evil ,"o4 ,no anci5t tradition appe>s to h be5 split & %iv]$ into s _m fragm5ts 9 ! "t ( ,hom]1 z t :i* relat$ to ! ,evil ,pr9ciple4 ,?is 0 ! natural prelude to its becom+1 z x %ortly aft]w>ds did1 indisc]nible to ! human eye#chi4 ,among ^! rivulets ( tradition1 "s ( ! mo/ curi\s connect !mselves ) ! "n ( ,neptune1 :o 01 9 8 my?ological "*1 prep>$ to be its recipi5t3 = 9 t "* he 0 ne> to ,jupit] 9 /r5g?1 :ile 8 bro!rly relation by no means impli$ any correspond+ tie ( affection4 #chi ,vid4 sup4 ,sect4 ii4 p4 #dd4 ,) ,juno & ,m9]va1 he took "p 9 ! dang]\s rebellion record$ 9 ! ,fir/ ,iliad4 ,he refuses to jo9 9 a comb9ation ( ,hell5iz+ gods aga9/ him1 on ! gr\nd ( its hopelessness3 b aft]w>ds1 :5 all o!rs acquiesce 9 ! prohibition1 he alone comes d[n to aid & excite ! ,greeks4 ,! ,juno ( ! ,iliad is ! active & a/ute intrigu] aga9/ h] husb&3 b x is ,neptune1 on :om 9 effect ! burd5 & responsibility ( action *iefly fall4 ,/ill1 8 pr9cipal po9ts ( contact ) ! traditions ( resi/ance to ! ,supreme ,w are m$iate2 & ! connection is ?r\gh 8 (fspr+4 ,9 8 fav\rite son1 ! ,cyclops1 we h ! great a!i/ ( ! poems4 ,x is ,provid5ce1 & n idols only1 t he rejects1 :5 say+#cij1 #cij ,od4 ix4 #bge4 1 4 ,! :ole ( ?is dang]\s class1 ! k9dr$ ( ! gods1 seem to h sprung f ,neptune#cia4 ,! ,l/rygones1 inde$1 are n expressly said to be 8 *ildr54 ,b !y are call$ 1 3 & ! ,giants are expressly decl>$ to be div9ely desc5d$ 9 a spee* ( ,alc9\s#cib3 #cia ,od4 x4 #abj4 #cib ,od4 vii4 #bje4 1 4 ,neptune 0 ! fa!r ( ,nausi?\s & ! royal h\se ( ,s*]ia1 ?r\gh ,p]iba3 b %e 0 daught] ( ,eurym$on1 & ,eurym$on 0 k+ ( ! ,giants1 & 0 ! k+ :o l$ !m1 ) himself1 evid5tly by rebellion1 into ru9#cic2 #cic ,od4 vii4 #fj4 ' 1 ' 4 ,?us we h ,neptune plac$ 9 ! relation ( ance/or to ! rebelli\s race1 :om x is sc>cely possible to consid] z o!r ?an id5tical ) ! ,titans condemn$ to ,t>t>us#cid4 #cid ,il4 xiv4 #bgd1 #i4 ,b we h "o yet m po9t$ passage = ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is /range relation%ip4 ,9 ! ( ! ,elev5? ,odyssey1 ,ulysses sees1 among o!r ,%ades1 ,iphim$ea1 ! wife ( ,aloeus1 :o bore to ,neptune two *ildr5#cie1 ,otus & ,ephialtes2 huge/ ( all creatures ^u e>?1 & also mo/ beautiful1 aft] ,orion4 ,!y1 ! sons ( ,neptune1 :ile yet *ildr51 ?reat5$ w> aga9/ ,olympus1 & plann$ ! pil+ ( ! m\nta9s3 b ,apollo slew !m4 ,?us ?is1 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( all ! traditions 9 ,hom] relat+ to ! ,evil ,"o1 hangs ^u ! p]son ( ,neptune1 d\btless because 8 my?ological place be/ fitt$ him = ! po9t ( junction4 ,x mu/ be obs]v$1 t ,hom] has1 9 br++ ^! "y giants be=e u1 us$ a some:at artificial arrangem5t4 ,he does n place !m 9 ! realm ( ,aides & ,p]sephone1 ?\gh he describes !m to u1 9 connection ) ! figures 9 t gloomy sc5e1 z ! *ildr5 ( ,iphim$ea1 :o appe>s !re 9 ! fir/ or fem99e division4 ,t he does n br+ !m be=e u 9 conjunction ) ,tityus & ! o!r suff]]s ( t region1 c only be because he did n int5d !m to be und]/ood z belong+ to x3 & x is cle>1 !re=e1 t he means u to conceive ( !m z hav+ _! abode 9 ,t>t>us1 among ! ,titans1 d\btless by ! side ( ,eurym$on & 8 foll[]s4 #cie ,od4 xi4 #eje-bj4 ,we may p]ceive ) peculi> cle>ness1 9 ! case ( ,neptune1 ! di/9ction betwe5 ! elevat$ pr]ogatives ( su* a deity )9 8 own prov9ce1 & 8 comp>ative insignificance beyond x4 ,:5 he trav]ses ! sea1 x exults to op5 a pa? = him1 & ! huge creatures f its dep?s sport along 8 wake4 ,su* is its sympa?y ) him1 t :5 he is excit+ ! ,greeks to w>1 x too boils & foams ^u ! %ore ( ! ,hellespont4 ,& n only is m>itime nature ?us at 8 feet1 b he has ! gift ( vision almo/ )\t limit ( space1 & ( k ( com+ ev5ts1 s long z !y are m>itime4 ,he :o kn[s no?+ ( ! woes ( 8 son ,polyphemus till he is invok$ f ! sea-%ore1 yet c disc]n ,ulysses on 8 raft f ! f> ,solyman m\nta9s1 & ev5 is aw>e t he w escape f 8 pres5t dang] 7 7 by rea*+ ! %ore ( ,s*]ia4 ,?is k is %>$ by ! m9or goddess ,leuco!e3 & d\btless on ! same pr9ciple1 namely1 t x is m>9e k4 ,s he c pr$ict to ,tyro t !re w be m ?an "o *ild born to h]3 "h1 too1 he speaks ( :at is p]sonal to himself4 ,:5 we take ,neptune out ( 8 prov9ce1 we f9d none ( ^! extraord9>y gifts1 no sign ( a peculi> subjugation ( nature or ( man to him4 ,he %>es 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w only z a va/ =ce1 :i* x w co/ ,jupit] tr\ble to subdue4 ,ev5 )9 8 own doma9 "s /ubborn ph5om5a ( nature impose limits on 8 p[]3 = we are told he w\ld n be able1 ev5 7 he will+1 to save ,ulysses f ,*>ybdis#cif4 #cif ,od4 xii4 #ajg4 ,?us x 0 t ! sublime idea ( "o ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se1 omnipot5t ov] all its p>ts1 0 %iv]$ into _m fragm5ts1 & ^! high pr]ogatives1 di/ribut$ & held 9 sev]alty1 are ! fragm5ts ( a conception too weighty & too compreh5sive = ! unassi/$ human m9d to c>ry 9 its entir5ess4 ,8 gr&eur is mat]ial4 ,^u ! :ole1 ! intellectual sp>k 9 ,neptune is feeble1 & ! conception is mu* mat]ializ$4 ,ideally he has ! relation to ,jupit]1 :i* ! /atue ( ! ,nile be>s to "o ( ,jupit]'s /atues4 ,)9 ^! limits1 8 position is gr&4 ,! ceaseless motion1 ! unconqu]able might1 ! wide ext5t1 ( ! 1 compose = him a noble mon>*y4 ,at fir/ sight1 :5 we read ( ! lott]y ( ! univ]se1 we are />tl$ at f9d+ ! e>? left )\t an own]4 ,x 0 n s 9 ! ,asiatic religions4 ,b m>k "h ! influ5ce ( ext]nal circum/ances4 ,! nations ( ,asia inhabit$ a va/ cont95t2 = !m l& 0 great] by f> ?an sea4 ,! ,greeks knew ( no?+ b isl&s & p59sulas ( limit$ ext5t1 :]eas ! ,sea = !m 0 inf9ite2 s9ce1 except r\nd ! gean1 !y knew little or no?+ ( its f>!r %ores4 ,?us ! sceptre ( ,neptune rea*es ov] ! :ole ( ! ,out] ,geography2 :ile ,e>?1 z commonly und]/ood1 _h long be5 left beh9d ^u ! c\rse ( ! adv5tur\s ,ulysses4 ,aidoneus4 ,! ,aidoneus ( ,hom]4 ,!re is a m>k$ contra/ betwe5 ! m]e rank ( ,aides or ,aidoneus1 & 8 want ( sub/ance & ( activity1 9 ! poems4 ,he is "o ( ! ?ree ,kronid ,bro!rs1 ( :om ,neptune ass]ts--& we are n[h]e told t x is an unw>rantable boa/--t !y are ( equal dignity & hon\r4 ,he be>s ! l(ty title ( 3 & he is ! husb& ( ,p]sephone ! ,awful4 ,x is pla9 t he belong$ ( "r to ! ord] ( ,olympian deities1 because ,dione /ates t he repair$ to ! div9e abode1 to h ! w\nds heal$ !re by ,paieon1 :i* he _h receiv$ f ,h]cules3 b x is v d\btful :e!r we ought to und]/& him to h att5d$ ev5 ! great ,*apt]1 or ,assembly1 ( ! ,tw5tie? ,iliad4 ,8 ord9>y resid5ce is exclusively 9 ! ne!r _w4 ,at ! same "t !re is1 9 8 position1 & 9 t ( ,p]sephone1 a rem>kable indep5d5ce4 ,?is ! v title ( subt]ranean ,jupit] is en\gh to indicate4 ,neptune is nev] call$ ! ,jupit] ( ! sea4 ,& x is q pla9 t ! p[] ( ,jupit] ov] ! dead 0 limit$4 ,we _c say x 0 null3 = ,ca/or & ,pollux aft] dea? are /ill 1 & !y live accord+ly on alt]nate days4 ,b x 0 ,m9]va :o int]f]$ to c>ry ,h]cules safely ?r\gh ! ,%ades1 & br+ him back2 & x appe>s t b = h] ,jupit] w\ld n h be5 able to give effect to 8 design#cig4 #cig ,od4 xi4 #cjb1 #fbf4 ,il4 viii4 #cff-i4 ,b ! %>e ( action ascrib$ to ?is div9ity 9 any "p ( ! poems is a v small "o4 ,9 ! ,tw5tie? ,iliad1 ! tramp ( ! ,immortals1 :5 engag$ 9 fight1 & ! quak+ ( ! e>? "u ! might ( ,neptune1 cause him to tremble4 ,& 8 hav+ receiv$ w\nds f ,h]cules1 ?\gh he %>$ ?is indignity ) ,juno1 detracts f 8 my?ological greatness4 ,love ( symmetry has sometimes l$ writ]s on ! ,greek my?ology to f9d matrimonial arrangem5ts = ,jupit]'s bro!rs simil> to 8 own1 by giv+ to ,neptune ,amphitrite1 & to ,aidoneus ,p]sephone1 = _! respective wives4 ,! =m] ( ^! two unions has no f\ndation 9 ,hom]2 & ! latt] be>s little analogy to t ( ,jupit] & ,juno4 ,= ,pros]p9e is ! real ,que5 ( ! ,%ades bel[3 all ! high] traditions & active duties ( ! place c5tre ar\nd h]1 :ile he appe>s !re z a sort ( ,k+-,consort4 ,!re is no sign :atev] ( 8 ex]cis+ any influ5ce ov] h]1 f> less ( h] act+ 9 ! capacity ( 8 organ4 ,& :ile %e has a cult or wor%ip on e>?1 he app>5tly has none4 ,"u ^! circum/ances1 we d n expect to f9d h] exhibit+ any tok5s ( d]ivation f1 or ideal dep5dance on him4 ,!y w\ld appe> to be respectively d]iv$ f traditions ( indep5d5t orig94 ,hom] has n atta*$ m>ks to ,aidoneus :i* w\ld enable u to trace him to any p>ticul> s\rce beyond ! limits ( ! ,olympian sy/em4 ,x w\ld be natural to seek 8 prototype among ! d>ke/ & e>?ie/ ( ! elem5tal p[]s4 ,b he appe>s be=e u 9 ! poems r z an indep5d5t & ,hell5ic creation1 metaphysical 9 k9d1 & repres5t+ little beyond 7#a71 a place 9 ! tr9e numb] ( ! ,kronid ,bro!rs1 :i* appe>s to be ! ,hell5ic =m ( a great primitive tradition ( a ,tr9ity 9 ! ,godhead2 & 7#b71 ! consci\sness t !re 0 a city & a gov]nm5t ( ! dead1 & t a rul] mu/ be provid$ = !m1 :ile ! idea ( ! ,supreme ,deity _h n reta9$ en\gh ( =ce & compreh5siv5ess to seem suffici5t = ! purpose4 ,z ! repres5tative ( inexorable dea?1 ,aidoneus 0 ! opposite ( ! bright & life-giv+ ,apollo3 & 0 naturally ! mo/ hateful to mortals ( all ! ,olympian deities#cih4 ,b ! place 9 :i* ! idea ( puni%m5t c5tres is ! doma9 ( r ?an t ( ,aides3 & he is ! rul] ov] a /ate ( ! dead :i* is g5]ally nei!r bliss nor acute suff]+1 b :i* is deeply ov]spread ) *illness & gloom4 #cih ,il4 ix4 #aei4 ,i %all ref] h]eaft]#cii to ! peculi> relation :i* appe>s to subsi/ betwe5 ,aidoneus1 toge!r ) ,p]sephone1 & ! my/]i\s 4 #cii ,inf4 sect4 iv4 ,demet]1 or ,c]es4 ,! ,c]es or ,demet] ( ,hom]4 ,! goddess ,demet]1 ! ,c]es ( ! ,lat9s1 ?\gh aft]w>ds ( consid]able dignity & importance1 is b a feeble lum9>y 9 ! ,hom]ic heav5s4 ,t !re are 9 ! ,iliad#djj only two di/9ct notices ( h] p]sonality1 might ( itself be compatible ) a contr>y supposition3 = 9 ! ,troica he introduces 8 div9e p]sonages on acc\nt ( _! relation to ! subject1 r ?an = _! g5]al importance2 & corn1 :i* fe$s man1 has little aff9ity ) w>1 :i* de/roys him4 ,b h] weight is1 if possible1 ev5 small] 9 ! ,odyssey1 :]e %e is notic$ b once#dja1 & t incid5tally4 #djj ,il4 ii4 #fif4 xiv4 #cbf4 #dja ,od4 v4 #abe4 ,! use ( ! phrase = corn1 l ! = ,vulcan1 & = ! spe>1 or = ! battle1 t5ds to indicate imp]fect p]sonality2 to %[ t ! deity 0 indi/9ctly realiz$2 t ! p]sonal "n 0 ei!r rec5t or at lea/ unfamili>2 & t x 0 us$1 n s mu* to designate a be+1 z to give life to an idea4 ,hom] has n ass]t$ any connection betwe5 ,demet] & ,p]sephone3 & ! idea ( x 9 lat] times may h aris5 simply f ! obs]vation t 9 ! poems ,demet] /&s z a "m )\t a *ild1 & ,p]sephone z a daught] )\t a "m4 ,possibly1 h[ev]1 ! connection may h be5 sugge/$ by ! "n2 :i* seems manife/ly to be equival5t to or ,"m-,e>?4 ,& ?\gh ! orig9al ref]5ce 0 to ! production ( food by :i* man lives1 ! ^w might be susceptible ( ano!r s5se1 connect+ x ) ! ne!r _w1 :i* _h a mat]ial relation to ,e>?1 & :i*1 ev5 9 ,hom]1 ,tityus ! son ( 1 & 9 ! lat] tradition ! e>?-born race g5]ally1 7 reput$ to inhabit4 ,! "n 9 its prop] s5se indicates fir/ ! idea1 & !n ! goddess ( agriculture3 & po9ts to a ,pelasgian1 & p]haps f>!r back an ,egyptian1 r ?an an ,hell5ic or a ,phnician connection4 ,9 ,egypt1 accord+ to ! reports collect$ by ,diodorus#djb1 ,isis 0 held ne>ly to correspond ) h]4 #djb ,diod4 i4 #ac4 ,) ?is supposition agree ! only notices conta9$ 9 ! poems t t5d to atta* ! goddess ,demet] to a p>ticul> locality4 ,h] connection ) ,iasion 0 probably 9 ,crete or ,cyprus1 or at any rate 7f ! "n7 9 "s c\ntry occupi$1 & rul$ too1 by ,pelasgians4 ,h] #djc or d$icat$ l&s 9 ,!ssaly1 ! ,pelasgic ,argos1 sugge/ a simil> presumption4 ,9 ,middle ,greece & ,peloponnesus we nev] he> ( h]4 ,! v solemn & anci5t obs]vance ( h] wor%ip 9 ,attica1 :i* 0 s em95tly a ,pelasgian /ate 9 ! "t ( ,hom]1 entirely accords ) ! indications ( ! ,hom]ic text4 #djc ,il4 ii4 #fif4 ,! slight notice %e obta9s f ,hom]1 comp>$ ) ! dignity to :i* o!r tok5s w\ld t5d to %[ t %e 0 entitl$1 may h be5 ow+ to ! incomplete amalgamation 9 8 "t ( ,hell5ic & ,pelasgian in/itutions4 ,^u ?is goddess1 z ^u s _m o!rs1 s5sual passion _h laid hold4 ,?is is decid$ly confirmatory ( h] ,pelasgian or ea/]n1 z oppos$ to prop]ly ,hellic associations4 ,we see ,v5us com+ f ! ea/ & wor%ipp$ 9 ,pelasgian c\ntries3 ( ! ?ree p]sons :om ,aurora appropriates1 ,orion is pretty evid5tly ! subject ( a naturaliz$ ea/]n tradition1 & ,ti?onus is ,asiatic3 ,calypso & ,circe belong to ! ea/ by ,phnicia3 x is 9 ,troas & ,asia t no less ?an ?ree ,nymphs appe> z ! be>]s ( *ildr51 fight+ on ! ,trojan side1 to human fa!rs#djd4 ,:]eas among ! m ,hell5ic deities1 we h ,m9]va & ,pros]p9e :olly exempt2 & ,juno us+ s5sual passion x is true1 b only = a political end4 ,?is assemblage ( facts fur!r confirms ! supposition1 t ,c]es ought to be set d[n z a ,pelasgian deity4 ,orion & ,ino1 %9+ 9 ! heav5s1 seem to belong to ! m a/ronomical =m ( ea/]n religion3 ,c]es to t :i* 0 probably transmitt$ ?r\gh f]tile & well-cultivat$ ,egypt4 #djd ,il4 vi4 #ba1 xiv4 #ddd1 & xx4 #chd4 ,h] place 9 ,olympus4 ,! title ( ,demet] to rank ) ! ,olympian deities ( ,hom] is n s absolutely cle>1 z t ( _m among !m3 b x may on ! :ole be suffici5tly inf]r$ f ! arrangem5t ( ! passage 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,odyssey1 :]e ,jupit] recites a li/ ( ! v>i\s p>tn]s to :om he ow$ 8 (fspr+4 ,! ?ree fir/ are wom51 :o bore sons nev] deifi$1 ,piri?\s1 ,p]seus1 & ,m9os3 ! two next are wom51 ( :om "o gave bir? to ,dionysus a god1 ! o!r to ! sub/antially deifi$ ,h]cules4 ,! six? & sev5? are ,demet]1 or ,c]es1 & ,latona2 ! *ildr5 ( nei!r are m5tion$4 ,besides t ,demet] is call$ 1 ! two seem to be c\pl$ toge!r z goddesses4 ,! /ructure ( ! passage is n *ronological1 b dep5ds ^u dignity advanc+ regul>ly t[>ds a climax2 s purposely inde$1 t ,dionysus1 always an immortal1 is m5tion$ aft] ,h]cules1 a mortal born1 ?\gh ,semele _h be5 nam$ be=e ,alcm5e4 ,all ?is appe>s to require ! adoption ( ! conclusion1 t ,demet] 0 reckon$ z an ,olympian goddess 9 ! ,hom]ic sy/em4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ano!r & m compreh5sive solution ( ! "q :i* arises out ( ! fa9t notices ( 9 ,hom]4 ,we ought1 p]haps1 to consid] h] z ! ,pelasgian1 & ,juno z ! ,hell5ic1 reproduction ( ^? ea/]n traditions1 :i* gave my?ological imp]sonation to ! female pr9ciple4 ,!y naturally c5tr$ ^u ! ,e>? z ! recipi5t ( productive influ5ces1 & z ! great nurse & fe$] ( man1 ! 1 ! 1 ! 1 ! 4 ,! ,pelasgic ,demet] may be a v fair & close copy1 9 all probability1 f ^! traditions z !y exi/$ 9 ,egypt4 ,b :5 ! same mat]ials 7 pres5t$ to ! ,hell5ic m9d1 !y c\ld n satisfy its active & idealiz+ fancy4 ,= ! ,hell5e1 man 0 great] ?an nature3 s t ! great (fice ( ,jupit] z k+ ( air 0 subord9at$ to 8 yet m augu/ function z ! supreme sup]9t5d5t & controll] ( human affairs4 ,z ! political idea ?us pr$om9at$ 9 ! *ief ( ! ,hell5ic ,immortals1 x 0 requisite t a simil> pr$om9ance ( ! intellectual & organiz+ elem5t %\ld be obta9$ 9 8 div9e ,mate4 ,traditions1 h[ev]1 t _h _! root 9 e>?1 7 ( necessity :olly intractable = su* a purpose1 al?\gh ! light] & m _s-l fabric ( air 0 less unsuit$ to x4 ,e>? 0 heavy1 inactive2 & 0 ! prime repres5tative ( matt] z oppos$ to m9d4 ,h5ce ! p]sonality ( ! tradition 0 sev]$ by ! ,greeks f its mat]ial gr\ndwork2 & ,e>?1 ! ,nature-p[]1 rema9$ b5ea?1 :ile ! figure ( ,juno1 reliev$ f ?is incumbrance1 & inve/$ ) maje/ic & vigor\s attributes1 so>$ al(t & took ! place ( elde/ si/] & fir/ wife ( ,jupit]4 ,h5ce d\btless x is t ! ( ,hom] is s inanimate & weakl+3 because %e 0 b ! exhau/$ residue ( a tradition1 f :i* ! high] life _h escap$4 ,b ! & ! 1 accord+ to ?is hypo!sis1 made up betwe5 !m a full repres5tation ( ! traditions f ! ,ea/1 relat+ to ! *ief female =m ( deity4 ,?is be+ s1 no legitimate place 0 left 9 ! my?ology ( ,hom] = ,c]es2 z %e _h no?+ to repres5t b ! same tradition 9 a =m f> less adapt$ to ! ,hell5ic m9d1 a =m inde$ :i* x _h probably repudiat$4 ,h5ce :ile ! ,olympian sy/em 0 "y1 & ,juno n :olly sev]$ f h] ,ori5tal orig91 ! c\ld n b rema9 a m]e outli]4 ,b z ! poetry ( ! sy/em 0 develop$1 & its philosophy subm]g$ & =gott51 ?is difficulty dim9i%$1 & ! lat] my?ology f\nd an ample space = ,c]es z a great elem5tal p[]4 ,i may1 !n1 obs]ve1 9 conclusion1 t ! :ole ( ?is hypo!sis is em95tly agreeable to ! ,hom]ic repres5tation ( ,c]es 9 its f\r ma9 bran*es1 7#a7 z ,pelasgian1 7#b7 z subject to lu/ful passion1 7#c7 z a second>y wife ( ,jupit]1 & 7#d7 z imm$iately associat$ ) productive ,e>?4 ,p]sephone4 ,! ,p]sephone ( ,hom]4 ,al?\gh ! ,p]sephone ( ,hom] is r>ely br\ght be=e u1 & our in=mation respect+ h] is !re=e slight1 !re seems to be suffici5t gr\nd = ass]t+ t %e is n ! m]e female reflection ( ,hades or ,aidoneus4 ,x is only = ^? deities f :om o!r deities are drawn by desc5t1 t we f9d 9 ,hom] a regul> conjugal connection provid$4 ,?us ,neptune1 z we h se51 _c be said to h a wife 9 ,hom]4 ,amphitrite appe>s 9 ! poems ) a fa9t & inde$ altoge!r d\btful p]sonality1 ?\gh %e aft]w>ds grew into 8 sp\se4 ,n[ ,neptune 0 a deity mu* m 9 view ?an ,aides3 & x is n likely t we %\ld h f\nd ,p]sephone m fully develop$ ?an ,amphitrite1 _h %e n repres5t$ "s old] & m indep5d5t tradition4 ,aga91 9 cases :]e ! female deity is ! m]e reflection ( ! male1 we d n f9d h] inve/$ ) a %>e 9 8 dom9ion1 al?\gh1 z 9 ! case ( ,juno1 %e may occasionally & d]ivatively ex]cise "s ( ! pr]ogatives1 :i* 9 him h a high] & m unque/ionable activity4 ,?us ,t>t>us is ! region ( 1 n ( 2 air is ! realm ( ,jupit]1 n ( ,jupit] & ,juno4 ,b ,p]sephone appe>s by ! side ( ,hades z a sub/antive p]son2 %e is invok$ ) him by ,al!a to slay ,meleag]1 9 ! ,leg5d ( ! ,n9? ,iliad#dje3 & ! region 9 :i* %e dwells is n less h]s ?an 8#djf1 #dje ,il4 ix4 #efi4 #djf ,od4 x4 #dia4 4 ,inde$ h] p]sonality is ! bett] develop$ ( ! two3 = no p]sonal act is ascrib$ 9 ! poems to ,aides1 except ! indet]m9ate "o ( trembl+1 at ! battle ( ! gods1 le/ ! cru/ ( e>? %\ld be brok5 ?r\gh3 & ! "n giv5 him 9 ! ,iliad ( 1 subt]ranean ,jupit]1 may possibly sugge/ t he 0 sometimes view$ z h>dly m ?an a =m or function ( ! highe/ god3 :]eas1 9 ! "u-_w ( ! ,elev5? ,odyssey1 all ! active functions ( sov]eignty are plac$ 9 h] h&s4 ,x is %e :o ga!rs ! wom5-%ades = ,ulysses3 & x is %e :o disp]ses !m :5 !y h be5 pass$ 9 review4 ,x is by h] t ,ulysses appreh5ds ! head ( ,gorgo may be s5t =? to drive him (f1 %\ld he l+] too long2 x is by h] t he appreh5ds he may h be5 delud$ ) an or %ade1 in/ead ( a sub/ance2 mo/ ( all1 x is %e :o end[s ,tiresias1 alone among ! dead1 ) ! "* ( ! ,se]#djg4 ,9 f9e1 ! :ole ( ! active duties ( ! ne!r k+dom appe> to be 9 h] h&s4 #djg ,od4 xi4 #bbf1 #che1 #fci1 #bac1 & x4 #did4 ,t %e 0 g5]ally wor%ipp$ by ! ,hell5ic tribes we mu/ inf] f ! cases m5tion$ 9 ! ,n9? ,iliad1 ! "o 9 tolia1 ! o!r f>!r ,nor?#djh2 z well z f h] (fice 9 reg>d to ! ?or\ghly national region ( ! ,%ades4 #djh ,il4 x4 #deg1 #efi4 ,h] m>k$ & sub/antive "*4 ,%e has h] own /rongly m>k$ set ( epi!ts4 ,( ^!1 "o is 1 ! sev]ely pure2 = ) ,hom] is exclusively applicable to div9e womanhood1 & is giv5 only to ,diana & ,p]sephone3 !n %e is 1 ! dread3 & la/ly1 %e is 1 an epi!t appropriat$ to h] exclusively1 :i* appe>s to be ,hom]'s fav\rite me?od = %>ply m>k+ out individuality ( "*4 ,buttmann has also well obs]v$1 t %e has ?is epi!t only :5 m5tion$ along ) ,hades1 t is1 :5 %[n v /rictly 9 h] (ficial "*2 & t is us$ :5 %e appe>s alone4 ,^u ?is he obs]ves2 #8?is way ( jo9+ ! "n ( ,pros]p9e ) t ( ,pluto 0 an old epic =mula1 h&$ d[n ev5 to ,hom] & our olde/ ,greek poets f /ill e>li] times1 & :i* !y us$ un*ang$#dji4' ,he w\ld read ' 1 in/ead ( 1 b ?is nei!r affects ! s5se 7awful1 t]rible7 nor ! =ce ( ! exclusive appropriation4 #dji ,buttmann's ,lexil4 p4 #fb4 9 voc4 4 ,!re is ano!r sign confirmatory ( ! belief t ! orig9 ( ?is my?ical p]son mu/ be s\ght1 n 9 ! necessity ( f9d+ a que5 = ,aidoneus1 b 9 an ant]ior & di/9ct tradition4 ,namely1 ?is2 t1 ?\gh %e is a daught] ( ,jupit]#daj1 %e is n provid$ ) a "m4 ,?us %e seems z if %e 7 old] ?an ! ,olympian conomy4 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,vulcan1 ,m]cury1 are all equipp$ ) a full p>5tage4 ,! lat] tradition1 :i* made ,p]sephone ! daught] ( ,c]es1 has no o!r support f ,hom] ?an ?is1 t we are left to suppose t ,c]es _h "s (fspr+ by ,jupit]1 :ile none is nam$#daa4 #daj ,od4 xi4 #bag4 #daa ,il4 xiv4 #cbf4 ,! *a9 ( presumptions appe>s to me to become complete1 :5 we take into view two o!r pieces ( evid5ce suppli$ by ! poems4 ,9 ! f> ,ea/#dab1 beyond ! c\* ( ! morn+ ,sun1 "s di/ance up ! /ream ( ! great riv] ,ocean1 b to ! s\? ( ! po9t :]e x is ent]$1 & at a spot :]e ! %ore n>r[s v mu*--imm$iately1 9 %ort1 be=e ! po9t ( desc5t--are ! groves ( ,p]sephone4 ,accord+ to ! g5]al rules ( int]pretation applicable to ,hom]1 ?is appe>s to convey to u t ! seat ( h] wor%ip 0 9 ! f> ,s\!rn ,ea/1 & t h] (fice1 z !re und]/ood1 0 t ( ! goddess or que5 ( ,dea?4 ,& if %e is inde$ ! reflection1 9 ! mirror ( ! l[] _w1 ( any o!r kn[n deity1 !n1 bo? f ?is great (fice1 & f ! peculi> epi!t 1 x is mo/ likely to be ( ,diana1 ) :om1 9 ! lat] my?ology1 %e 0 id5tifi$2 &1 aga91 ?r\gh ,diana1 ( ,apollo1 f :om ! light ( ,diana h]self 0 d]iv$4 ,or1 9 o!r words1 %e may be = ! l[] _w t reflection ( ,apollo1 :i* ! ,hom]ic ,diana 0 = ?is e>?3 & x is wor? obs]vation1 t ! gift ( second sight1 :i* %e all[s to ,tiresias1 & :i* !re=e is at h] disposal b5ea? gr\nd#dac1 is ! peculi> & exclusive prop]ty ( ,apollo4 #dab ,od4 x4 #ejf seqq4 xi4 #a seqq4 xii4 #a seqq4 #dac ,od4 x4 #dib-e4 ,let u n[ la/ly consid]1 :at light ! etymology ( h] rem>kable "n may af=d u4 ,its mean+ appe>s to be1 ei!r de/ruction by slaught]2 f two roots1 "o t repres5t$ 9 1 f ! v]b 1 & ! o!r 2 or else1 t ( ! de/ruction or slaught] ( ,p]sians4 ,9 ! =m] view1 ! evid5ce leaves u :]e we 71 or br+s u a po9t ne>] to ,diana1 ^: function 0 n t ( all dea? :atev]1 b ( su* dea? z might be call$ slaught]1 because n due to disease1 b br\ght ab\t at ! mom5t by a sudd5 process1 ?\gh (t5 ! milde/ ( all ways ( dy+#dad4 ,b ! o!r etymology may be wor? "s fur!r att5tion4 #dad ,od4 xv4 #dji4 ,h] connection ) ! ,ea/4 ,besides t clu/] ( traditions1 relat+ to remote places1 :i* ! ,greeks d]iv$ f ! ,phnician navigators1 & :i* _c b h includ$ "s ea/w>d w&]+s 9 ! ,black ,sea1 z well z we/w>d exp]i5ce 9 ! ,m$it]ranean1 !y mu/ 9 all likelihood h _h ori5tal traditions prop]ly _! own1 br\ght by _! ,hellic =efa!rs ) !m f _! cradle4 ,we h already se5 t t cradle 0 probably ,p]sia2 & we h f\nd traces ( ! connection 9 ! "n ( ! great pre-,a*an h]o1 ,p]seus1 & 9 ! cont9u+ use ( t "n 9 ! high ,a*an family ( ,ne/or1 z well z at mu* lat] hi/oric dates4 ,ano!r l9k1 connect+ ! ,hom]ic traditions ) ?is "n1 & bo? ) ! ,ea/1 is f\nd 9 ! "n ( ,p]se1 :o 0 ! "m ( ,circe1 an ,ea/]n goddess2 & :o 0 ! daught] ( ,ocean1 & ! wife ( ! ,sun#dae4 #dae ,od4 x4 #ace-i4 ,we mu/ take ^! circum/ances into view along ) ! =ce ( ! "n ,p]sephone1 & ) ! evid5ce we h already _h ( ! antiquity ( ! traditions relat+ to h]4 ,to ?is we h to add ! abs5ce ( any ,hom]ic evid5ce connect+ h] ) any o!r local s\rce4 ,!re is no sign ( any in/itution1 t belong$ to h] wor%ip1 except 9 ^? groves plant$ 9 ! f> ,ea/2 & no sign ( any o!r p>ticul> locality m>k$ z h] peculi> abode1 :i* we h f\nd to be a m>k ( su* inv5t$ deities g5]ally z _h a well develop$ p]sonality4 ,!re is no note ( h] :atev] 9 ,troas2 & no?+ to connect h] ) ,egypt1 or ) ! ,pelasgians 9 any qu>t]4 ,x is n likely t %e came 9 ) ! ,phnicians1 z %e w\ld !n h _h signs ( a rec5t orig91 & w\ld n h atta9$ to s augu/ & my/]i\s a position z %e actually holds4 ,! two di/9ct notices ( h] wor%ip are bo? 9 ! ,hom]ic ,hellas2 n 9 ,s\!rn ,greece1 nor 9 ! isl&s4 ,x seems1 !re=e1 on e gr\nd reasonable to suppose1 t ! tradition ( ,pros]p9e 0 an orig9al ,hellic tradition br\ght into ! c\ntry f ! ,ea/1 probably by ! ,hellic tribes1 & f among _! ,p]sian =efa!rs2 & t ! "n ( ! deity1 z we f9d x 9 ,hom]1 af=ds a new indication ( ! extraction ( ! race4 ,accord+ly1 ! unusually sub/antive aspect ( h] position 9 ! ne!r _w1 :i* makes h] relation to ,aidoneus s diff]5t f t ( ! o!r my?ological wives1 or fem99es1 to _! respective husb&s1 is su*1 t x seems mo/ reasonable1 in/ead ( d]iv+ h] f him1 z ,juno 0 d]iv$ f ,jupit]1 or ,te?ys f ,ocean1 to consid] !m z repres5t+ ! union ( two indep5d5t imp]sonations1 associat$ toge!r prim>ily by _! common subject matt]4 ,= !re does n seem to be any ?+ improbable 9 ! hypo!sis1 t ,p]sephone may1 9 ! belief ( "s c\ntry & age1 h s]v$ alone = ! rul] ( ! region ( ! dead4 ,j z s _m subord9ate m9i/]s ( ,doom1 ! ,fates1 ! ,er9ues1 & ! ,h>pies1 assum$ ! female =m 9 ! process ( imp]sonation1 s x may h be5 ) _! sov]eign4 ,& if we are to look f>!r = ! metaphysical gr\ndwork ( su* a tradition1 we may p]haps f9d x z foll[s4 ,!re is a relation ( analogy betwe5 ea* function & its conv]se3 & z 9 ! pure my?ology1 all t gave life 0 fem99e1 s conv]sely1 all t repres5t$ ! de/roy+ ag5cy might assume a simil> =m4 ,h] relation to ,olympus4 ,9 h] case1 z 9 t ( "o or two o!rs1 x is difficult to discov] :e!r ,hom] meant a p>ticul> deity to be includ$1 or n1 among ! ,olympian gods ( ! ord9>y or small] assembly4 ,!re is no indication 9 ! poems1 :i* directly connects ,p]sephone ) ,olympus2 & t cele/ial palace may seem to belong to ! gov]nm5t ( ! liv+ _w1 & to be almo/ incapable ( relations ) t ( ! dep>t$4 ,nor is %e connect$ specially ) ! ,olympian sy/em1 l ,aidoneus1 by ! position :i* bir? conf]s4 ,! 1 & ! wor%ip paid h] !re1 c h>dly belong to ! dep>t$ spirits on _! way to _! abode1 & m probably indicate an anci5t tradition d]iv+ h] wor%ip f ! f> ,ea/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 h] dignity & maje/y 9 ! poems are unque/ionable1 & inde$ sup]ior to ^? ( any ,olympian deity1 aft] "s five or six4 ,i d n f9d mat]ials = a confid5t judgm5t on ! ,hom]ic view ( h] place 9 8 !o-my?ology1 ) ref]5ce to ?is p>ticul> po9t ( connection ) ,olympus4 ,f\nd+ conjecture ^u ! facts be=e u1 ,i v5ture1 h[ev]1 on a fur!r ext5sion ( ^! hypo!ses ) respect to ,p]sephone4 ,we p]ceive 9 ,p]sephone & ,diana t k9d ( lik5ess :i* may be due to _! common orig92 if1 z we suppose1 bo? 7 images ( ,apollo4 ,b x is n likely t two su* images %\ld h be5 =m$ by ! same race = itself4 ,c we !n1 probably ref] ,diana & ,p]sephone to diff]5t s\rces e?nically8 ,x is pla9 t ,diana 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ,troy & ,greece4 ,p]sephone1 s f> z we "k1 9 ,greece only4 ,?is w\ld agree ) ! supposition t ,diana 0 orig9ally ,pelasgian1 ,p]sephone only ,hellic4 ,aga91 ,diana 0 an e>?ly1 ,p]sephone a subt]rane\s reflection ( ,apollo4 ,n[ ! ,hellic tribes 7 lively believ]s 9 a future /ate3 z we see f ! communion ( ,a*illes ) ! s\l ( ,patroclus1 & f _m places 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,b we h n[h]e 9 ,hom] ! slighte/ allusion among ! ,trojans to ! belief 9 a future /ate1 beyond ! m]e =mula ( ent]+ ! region ( ,ades4 ,nei!r ! succ9ct acc\nt ( ! fun]al rites ( ,hector1 nor any "o ( ! ?ree addresses ov] 8 rema9s1 conta9 ! slighte/ allusion to 8 sep>ate exi/5ce z a _s4 ,!re is1 inde$1 m5tion ( w9e us$ to ext+ui% ! flame ( ! fun]al pile1 b none ( invocation along ) x1 z !re is 9 ! case ( ,patroclus#daf4 ,& z we h no less ?an an hundr$ l9es spok5 ov] or o!rwise be/[$ ^u ! dead ,hector1 ! omission is s+ul>4 ,x becomes /ill m significant1 :5 we recollect t ! ,greeks1 & _! goddess ,juno1 invoke ! deities ( ! "u-_w1 & ! p[]s connect$ ) a future /ate1 9 _! solemn oa?s & imprecations#dag2 b :5 ,hector swe>s to ,dolon1 7our only example ( a ,trojan oa?17 he adjures ,jupit] alone#dah4 ,n[ x may be t ! religion ( ,troy did n include s di/9ct a ref]5ce to a future /ate1 z t ( ,greece1 & t ! ,trojans knew no?+ ( ,p]sephone1 or ( any deity hold+ h] place4 ,?is hypo!sis w\ld at once accord ) ! features ( ! ,hom]ic portrait1 & ) ! /rik+ abs5ce among ! ,trojans ( all po9t$ ref]5ce to a future life1 or to ! disembodi$ _s4 ,nor ne$ we consid] x to be at all %ak5 by slight & =mal allusions1 or by ! words 9 :i* ,hom] on 8 own "p dismisses to ,hades ! _s ( ! sla9 ,hector#dai4 ,! hypo!sis :i* ! circum/ances appe> to sugge/ is1 n t ! ,trojans disbeliev$ a future exi/5ce1 b t !y nei!r felt ke5ly respect+ x1 nor gave a my?ological developm5t to ! doctr9e4 #daf ,il4 xxiii4 #bah-ba4 #dag ,il4 iii4 #bgh4 ix4 #ded4 #efi4 xiv4 #bga-d4 xv4 #cf-dj4 xix4 #beh-fj4 #dah ,il4 x4 #cbi4 #dai ,il4 xvi4 #hef1 #g1 & xxii4 #cfb1 #c4 ,m>s4 ,! ,m>s ( ,hom]4 ,ev5 9 ,hom]1 ,m>s is ext]nally ! mo/ impos+ figure among ! mascul9e deities ( pure inv5tion4 ,! greate/ ( w>-b>ds c\ld n b f9d him a f9e subject = poetical amplification4 ,b 9 ! ,roman p]iod he _h f> outgr[n ! limits ( 8 ,hom]ic position4 ,) ! lapse ( "t1 ! =ces & passions1 :i* gave to ?is imp]sonation its hold ^u human nature1 7 sure to prevail 9 a consid]able degree ov] ! f9] elem5ts f :i* ,apollo 0 m\ld$4 ,x requires an ef=t ( m9d to lib]ate ourselves f ! associations ( ! lat] my?ology1 & contract our vision = ! purpose ( e/imat+ ! ,m>s ( ,hom] z he really is4 ,not)/&+ 8 /ature1 beauty1 h& & voice1 :i* con/itute1 tak5 toge!r1 a pr\d appe>ance1 x seems z if ,m>s _h /ood l[] 9 ! m9d ( ,hom] ?an any ,olympian deity :o takes "p 9 ! ,trojan w>1 except ,v5us only4 ,! ,odyssey nev] once br+s ,m>s be=e u1 ev5 by way ( allusion1 except 9 ! lic5ti\s lay ( ,demodocus2 & ! _s ( t lay c]ta9ly seems to aim at mak+ him ridicul\s1 especially 9 ! mann] ( 8 release & )drawal4 ,9 ! ,iliad 8 "p is1 ( c\rse1 m consid]able2 b on no occasion :atev] does ,hom] app>5tly seek to set him (f1 or give him a comm&+ attitude 9 comp>ison ) o!r deities4 ,we h n[h]e any acc\nt ( any act ( rev]5ce or wor%ip done to him1 ei!r 9 or out ( ,greece4 ,= in/ance1 he is nev]1 ev5 9 ! cont+5cies ( w>1 ! object ( pray]4 ,he nev] %[s comm& ov] ! p[]s ( nature1 or ! m9d ( man2 :i* he n[h]e attempts to influ5ce by sugge/ion4 ,x is said1 inde$1 t he ent]$ into ,hector1 z t w>rior 0 putt+ on ! arm\r ( ,a*illes2 #dbj4 #dbj ,il4 xvii4 #baj4 ,b no words c\ld m conclusively fix 8 place 9 ! ,hom]ic sy/em z ! m]e imp]sonation ( a ,passion4 ,= ) ,hom] no great] deity1 inde$1 no o!r ( ! ,olympian gods1 is ev] said to ent] into ! m9d ( a mortal man4 ,9 ! ,fif? ,book he /irs up ! w>like passion ( ,m5elaus2 hav+1 l ,v5us1 a limit$ hold ^u a p>ticul> prop5sity4 ,8 climax ( hon\r 9 ?is dep>tm5t is 8 giv+ to ! ,pseudo-,ulysses2 b ?is he does only 9 conjunction ) ,m9]va#dba4 #dba ,od4 xiv4 #baf4 ,8 limit$ wor%ip & attributes4 ,8 possession ( ! attributes ( deity appe>s to h be5 mo/ limit$4 ,! use ( ! ^w n only = ! passion ( w>1 b ev5 = its weapons1 %[s u t ! imp]sonation 0 9 ?is case z yet v p>tially dis5gag$ f ! metaphysical ideas1 or ! mat]ial objects1 9 :i* x took its rise4 ,8 function z god ( w> 0 conf9$ to ! m]ely mat]ial side ( w>1 & _h no?+ to d ) t aspect1 9 :i* w> enli/s & exhau/s all ! high] faculties ( ! human m9d2 s mu* s1 inde$1 t to be a great g5]al is almo/ necess>y 9 ord] to ent] ! fir/ rank ( greatness at all4 ,ev5 ( w> 9 ! l[] s5se he _h n1 z a god1 exclusive possession1 b he adm9i/]$ 8 (fice 9 p>tn]%ip ) a sup]ior1 ,m9]va4 ,besides be+ e ?+ else t %e 01 %e presid$1 along ) him1 ov] w>4 ,on ! %ield ( ,a*illes1 he & ,m9]va lead ! oppos+ ho/s#dbb4 ,ov] ! body ( ,patroclus ! /ruggle 0 "o ( :i*1 says ! ,poet1 nei!r ,m>s nor ,m9]va c\ld ?9k lightly#dbc4 ,a*illes1 :5 pursu+ ! ,trojans1 calls = assi/ance2 =1 says he1 nei!r ,m>s nor ,m9]va c\ld und]take to dispose ( su* a multitude#dbd4 ,m>s & ,m9]va1 says ,jupit]1 w take *>ge ( ! conc]ns ( w>#dbe4 #dbb ,il4 xviii4 #eaf4 #dbc xvii4 #cih4 #dbd xx4 #cei4 #dbe ,il4 v4 #dcj4 ,b t 9 ?is p>tn]%ip he 0 an inf]ior1 & n an equal1 is cle> f ! mann] 9 :i* he is habitually h&l$ by ,m9]va4 ,%e w\nds him ?r\gh ! spe> ( ,diom$1 :51 unless sav$ by flight1 he himself appreh5ds he might h p]i%$#dbf4 ,9 ! ,!oma*y1 %e twice ov] /rikes him p[]less to ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! ,olympian meet+ ( ! ,fifte5? ,book1 :5 8 int5d$ visit to ! battlefield m5aces ! gods ) tr\ble f ! displeasure ( ,jupit]1 ,m9]va /rips 8 arm\r (f 8 back1 scolds him %>ply1 & replaces him 9 8 seat#dbg4 ,& %e is po9t$ out by ,jupit] z ! p]son1 ^: habitual duty x 0 to keep him 9 ord] by ! sev]e/ means#dbh2 #dbf ,il4 v4 #hhe-g4 #dbg ,il4 xv4 #aaj-db4 #dbh ,il4 v4 #gff4 ' 4 ,9 ! ,fif? ,iliad1 he /irs up ! ,trojans1 & envelopes ! fight 9 d>kness3 b "h he is act+ "u 1 or injunctions f ,apollo#dbi1 :o ?us appe>s1 l ,m9]va1 9 ! light ( a sup]ior to him1 ev5 9 8 own dep>tm5t4 #dbi ,il4 v4 #ejh4 ,we le>n1 aga91 t he 0 ov]come & imprison$ by ! y\?s ,otus & ,ephialtes1 :om ,apollo subdu$3 he 0 9 bondage = ?irte5 mon?s1 & w\ld h p]i%$1 _h n ,m]cury releas$ him#dcj4 #dcj ,il4 v4 #che4 ,he is able to assume ! human figure1 &1 z we h se51 to br+ d>kness ov] cont5d+ ho/s3 b1 :5 9 ,olympus1 he rema9s ignorant#dca ( ! dea? ( 8 son ,ascalaphus1 until he receives ! in=mation f ,juno2 z x 0 only f 8 ,nymphs t ! ,sun le>n$ ! slaught] ( 8 ox54 ,nay1 ,m9]va ev5 puts on a p>ticul> helmet1 9 ord] t x may secure h] f be+ recognis$ by ,m>s :5 )9 8 view#dcb4 #dca ,il4 xiii4 #eba4 xv4 #aaj et seqq4 #dcb ,il4 v4 #hde4 ,m>s 9 ! ,olympian c\rt be>s "s resemblance to ,ajax among ! ,grecian h]oes4 ,b ! intellectual elem5t1 :i* appe>s to be simply blunt 9 ,ajax1 9 ,m>s seems to be :olly want+3 s t he repres5ts an animal pr9ciple 9 its crude/ =m3 & is n s mu* an ,ajax1 z a ,caliban4 ,we are n told t he is gre$y ( sacrifices1 = no cultus is assign$ to him3 b he is repres5t$ z gre$y ( blood1 & z capable ( be+ satiat$ ) x#dcc4 #dcc ,il4 v4 #bhi4 ,except ) ,v5us = 8 m]e p]son1 he has no fav\r ) any o!r ,olympian deities#dcd4 ,juno describes him z lawless & z a fool3 & ,jupit] tells him t1 7 he ! son ( any o!r deity b himself1 he w\ld long ago h be5 eject$ f 8 place 9 heav5#dce4 #dcd ,od4 viii4 #caj4 #dce v4 #hca1 #ig4 ,on "o occasion1 8 "n is associat$ ) ^? ( ,agamemnon & ,neptune3 b ! due relation betwe5 !m is /ill pres]v$4 ,agamemnon is comp>$ ) ,jupit] z to 8 face & head2 ) ,neptune z to 8 *e/2 & ) ,m>s z to 8 wai/4 ,! eyes ( ,hector on ! field ( battle 7 l ! ,gorgon1 & l ,m>s#dcf4 #dcf ,il4 ii4 #dgh1 & viii4 #cdi4 ,f ! repeat$ allusions to cont+5cies 9 :i* he w\ld h p]i%$1 !re seems to be some?+ m or less equivocal ev5 ab\t 8 title to immortality4 ,if m1 he is also mu* less1 ?an man4 ,he is p]haps ! lea/ human ( ! ,olympian family2 & is a comp\nd betwe5 deity & brute4 ,! exhibitions ( ,m>s1 z w\nd$ by ,diom$ = ! ,iliad1 & 9 ! lay ( ,demodocus = ! ,odyssey1 seem to imply t ?is deity c\ld n1 9 ! "t ( ,hom]1 h become an object ( g5]al or e/abli%$ religi\s wor%ip 9 ,greece4 ,m>s z yet sc>cely ,greek4 ,he is a local deity1 & 8 abode is 9 ,?race4 ,f !nce he issues =? ) 8 my?ical son ,t]ror to make w> ^u ! ,ephyri3 a race ^: "n has a /rong ,greek sav\r1 & ^: ho/ile relation to ,m>s ?us exhibit$1 t5ds1 ) o!r evid5ce1 to place him 9 ! category ( =eign deities1 n yet naturaliz$ 9 ! c\ntry1 ?\gh made available by ,hom] = 8 ,olympian ,c\rt4 ,aft] ! detection 9 ! palace ( ,vulcan1 x is to ,?race t he aga9 repairs4 ,we are n to consid] ?is p>am\nt ,?racian relation z absolutely sep>at+ him f ,greece3 ,?racians1 l ,pelasgi1 _h l9ks ) bo? p>ties 9 ! w>1 ?\gh ! /rong] ones are app>5tly ^? :i* connect !m ) ,troy4 ,he has among ! deities ! nickname ( 1 or turncoat1 because ( 8 vacillation betwe5 ! two p>ties4 ,?is s+ul> epi!t1 appli$ to ! ,?racian god1 conveys ! idea t ,hom]1 kn[+ ( ! sympa?ies ( ! "n ) bo? sides1 0 puzzl$ z to plac+ him decisively on ei!r4 ,n[ ! ,?racians ( ,hom] 7 #dcg1 :ile ! ,a*ans 7 4 ,& x is wor? notice t ! ,g]mans ( ,tacitus1 among :om we f9d m>k$ signs ( resemblance to ! ,hell5ic tribes1 wore 9 g5]al fl[+ hair1 b ! ,suevi1 "o p>ticul> tribe ( !m1 on ! contr>y1 ga!r$ x into a knot#dch4 #dcg ,il4 iv4 #ecc4 #dch ,tac4 ,g]m4 c4 #ch4 ,il4 xx4 #dac4 ,m>s1 h[ev]1 incurs ! p>ticul> wra? ( ,juno by ab&on+ ! p>ty ( ! ,greeks1 & sid+ ) ! ,trojans4 ,b 9 ! ,fifte5? ,book1 :]e ,juno acqua9ts him ( ! dea? ( 8 son1 :o _h f\ght 9 ! ,greek ranks1 %e evid5tly does x 9 ! expectation t grief & res5tm5t w once m make him a foe to ! ,trojans4 ,& h] calculation is well f\nd$3 = he is sett+ out ) t int5tion1 :5 ,m9]va foll[s1 & r\ghly br+s him back4 ,he only appe>s once 9 a pre-,troic leg5d4 ,?is appe>ance1 too1 is beyond ! bord]s ( ,greece4 ,9 ,lycia he1 or1 x may be1 simply w>like passion :i* he repres5ts1 slays ,is&]1 ! son ( ,bell]ophon & uncle ( ,glaucus1 9 battle ) ! ,solymi4 ,/ill he is ! fa!r by ,a/yo*e1 ( ,ascalaphus & ,ialm5us1 some:]e 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,m9yeian ,or*om5us1 or else f>!r t[>ds ! nor? ( ,greece4 ,! ,hom]ic indications1 on ! :ole1 z well z ! g5]al conceptions ( ! "*1 repres5t ,m>s z nei!r a deity indig5\s to ! c\ntry1 nor "o belong+ to ! ,hell5ic traditions3 :ile ! ,poet p]haps int5ds u to und]/& t he _h po9ts ( contact or aff9ity ) ,greece1 :i* are repres5t$ 9 8 wav]+ attitude betwe5 ! two p>ties to ! w>4 ,x is probable t ! ,poet himself may h be5 a pr9cipal ag5t 9 ! introduction ( ,m>s to ,hell5ic wor%ip4 ,! ma*9]y ( ! ,iliad requir$ him to f9d an array ( gods1 :o %\ld be *ampions on ea* side respectively4 ,x also requir$ t ^! gods %\ld be unit$ r\nd a c5tre1 :i* he provid$ = !m 9 ,olympus & 9 its ,c\rt1 "u ! presid5cy ( ,jupit]4 ,bo? ,m>s & ,v5us may ?us h made good a title1 :i* be=e 0 d\btful & imp]fect1 ?r\gh ! place to :i* !y 7 promot$ 9 ! ,iliad1 comb9$ ) ! place :i* ! ,iliad itself won = itself 9 ! national und]/&+ & affections4 ,m]cury4 ,! ,m]cury ( ,hom]4 ,! ,hom]ic signs respect+ ,m]cury are suffici5t to fix 8 "* & orig94 ,! small "p1 :i* ?is deity plays 9 ! poems1 is inde$ 9 rem>kable contra/ ) ! ext5d$ popul>ity to :i* at a lat] p]iod he atta9$3 b 8 "* 9 ,hom] is "o :i* acc\nts 9 a natural mann] = ! subsequ5t increase 9 8 importance4 ,he is ! son ( ,maias1 ,od4 xiv4 #dce2 & ( ,jupit]1 ,od4 viii4 #cce4 ,he is ! man ( bus9ess = ! ,olympian deities1 4 ,od4 viii4 #cce4 v4 #bhdci4 #dci ,dll+]1 ,heid4 u4 ,jud4 p4 #gd4 ,he is ! giv] ( increase1 4 ,od4 viii4 #cce4 ,il4 xiv4 #dij4 ,he is ! mo/ sociable ( deities1 ,il4 xxiv4 #ccd4 4 ,! extraction ( ,m]cury /&s some:at obscurely 9 ,hom]3 8 "m ,maias is b once m5tion$1 & !n )\t any clue4 ,b1 9 ! anci5t hymn to ,m]cury1 %e is decl>$ to be ! daught] ( ,atlas3 & if ?is be s1 we %all be ju/ifi$ 9 consid]+ him z ! *ild ( a ,phnician tradition#ddj4 ,?is is also cle> on ,hom]ic gr\nds4 ,al?\gh ,hom] does n expressly connect him ) ,atlas1 he makes ,calypso1 ! daught] ( t p]sonage1 address him z 4 ,^! expressions are usually appli$ by him :]e !re is "s special relation ( consangu9ity1 aff9ity1 or gue/%ip3 z betwe5 ,jupit] & 8 adopt$ *ild#dda & p>ticul> fri5d ,!tis4 ,x is !re=e probable t ,hom] took ,m]cury's "m ,maias to be1 z ! aft]-tradition made h]1 ! si/] ( ,calypso1 & ! daught] ( ,atlas4 ,all ! o!r ,hom]ic signs ( him are 9 complete h>mony ) ?is hypo!sis ( a ,phnician orig9 = ,m]cury4 #ddj ,see sup4 ,e?nology1 sect4 iv4 #dda ,il4 xxiv4 #aaa4 ,we ?us und]/& h[ he becomes ! g5]al ag5t = ! gods3 because ! ,phnicians suppli$ ! fir/ & pr9cipal means ( communication betwe5 ! sev]al nations 9 ! h]oic age3 !y 7 ! m5-(-bus9ess = ! _w#ddb4 #ddb ,od4 ix4 #abd4 ,x ?us becomes pla91 aga91 h[ he c ) propriety be call$ ! giv] ( com=ts or bless+s2 because ! basis ( comm]ce is ?is1 t ea* p]son engag$ 9 x p>ts ) some?+ :i* he does n want1 & receives :at he does want 9 return4 ,! app>5t anomaly1 :i* makes ! god ( increase also ! god ( ?iev]y1 is ?us expla9$3 because1 f its nature1 comm]ce is ev] apt to deg5]ate p>tially into fraud2 & because1 9 days ( ! /rong h&1 =ce z well z intellig5ce w\ld (t5 make x easy = ! m>itime m]*ants to *ange _! vocation1 = ! occasion1 into t ( plund]#ddc4 #ddc ,od4 viii4 #afa-d4 & xv4 #daf4 ,8 prop] (fice 9 reg>d to ! ( m5 seems n to be indu/ry1 nor skill 9 production or manufacture2 b h&9ess & tid9ess 9 ! p]=mance ( s]vices4 ,he1 says ,ulysses1 gives to ! 1 :i* may mean bo? ! de$s & ! indu/rial productions ( m51 _! & 1 _! grace & cr$it or popul>ity#ddd4 #ddd ,od4 xiv4 #cai4 ,m]cury ! god ( increase4 ,?is idea ( increase =ms ! common or c5tral elem5t ( ! v>i\s attributes assign$ to ,m]cury4 ,x takes two pr9cipal =ms1 "o t ( increase 9 mat]ial goods1 ! o!r t ( ! propagation ( ! race4 ,?is latt]1 :i* 0 else:]e grossly exhibit$1 is veil$ by ,hom] ) 8 almo/ unfail+ s5se ( delicacy1 & may n1 inde$1 h be5 fully develop$ 9 8 "t4 ,x is p]haps h[ev] traceable 9 two passages ( ! poems3 fir/1 t ( ! ,sixte5? ,iliad1 :]e we are told t he corrupt$ ! virg9 ,polymele#dde1 ?\gh %e belong$ to ! tra9 ( ,diana4 ,! o!r is 9 ! episode ( ,v5us & ,m>s1 :]e ,apollo selects him z ! deity to :om to put ! "q1 :e!r he w\ld l to take ! place ( ! adult]]1 & he replies 9 ! affirmative#ddf4 ,ea* ( ^! incid5ts seems to app]ta9 to some?+ di/9ctive 9 8 "*4 #dde ,il4 xvi4 #agi-hf4 #ddf ,od4 viii4 #ccd-db4 ,t "*1 aga91 imports ! ext5d$ int]c\rse ) mank9d1 & ! k ( ! _w1 :i* causes him to be *os51 9 ! ,tw5ty-,f\r? ,iliad1 = ! difficult (fice ( conduct+ ,priam to ! abode ( ,ulysses4 ,moreov]1 ! great balance ( mat]ial b5efit :i* comm]ce br+s gives him1 its patron1 z a g5]al rule1 a g5ial & philan?ropic aspect4 ,9 ,hom] we h n[h]e any sign ( 8 v5geance1 ang]1 or sev]ity4 ,he nei!r puni%es1 hates1 nor is inc5s$ ) any "o4 ,a passionless & prud5t deity1 he n only decl9es actual fight+ ) ,latona1 z %e is a wife ( ,jupit]1 b spontane\sly gives h] leave to boa/ among ! gods t %e has engag$ & wor/$ him4 ,m]cury ,hell5ic & ,phnician4 ,! ,phnician orig9 ( ,m]cury w also acc\nt = 8 position 9 ! poems1 9 relation to ! ,trojans & ,greeks respectively4 ,n simply is he "o ( ! five ,hell5iz+ deities3 = 8 tal5ts w\ld naturally ) ,hom] t5d to place him on t side4 ,b he appe>s almo/ :olly unkn[n to ! ,trojans4 ,! abundance ( ! flocks ( ,phorbas is inde$ ref]r$ to 8 love 7,il4 xiv4 #dij73 & he reveals himself to ,priam by 8 "n 7,il4 xxiv4 #dfj73 b x is rem>kable1 & contr>y to ! g5]al rule ( ! poems1 t ,priam1 not)/&+ 8 great obligations1 takes no notice :atev] ( 8 deity1 ei!r ^u 8 fir/ revelation & dep>ture1 or :5 a second "t he appe>s1 & aft]w>ds quits him anew 7#fhb-id74 ,on ! o!r h&1 we h abundant signs ( 8 famili>ity ) ! ,greeks4 ,he conveys ! sceptre f ,jupit] to ,pelops3 he c>ries ! w>n+ ( ! gods to gi/hus3 sacrifice is (f]$ to him 9 ,i?aca3 & he is lib]ally treat$ ) sacrifices by ,autolycus 9 ,p>nesus1 :]e he repays 8 wor%ipp] by be/[+ on him ! arts ( p]jury & purlo9+#ddg4 #ddg ,od4 xiv4 #dce1 & xix4 #cid-h4 ,n[ x is pla91 f _m places 9 ! poems1 t ! ,greeks _h mu* int]c\rse ) ! ,phnicians4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ,trojans1 weal?y by int]nal products & home trade1 seem to h kn[n little or no?+ ( m>itime comm]ce4 ,_! int]c\rse ) ,?race1 ! f]tile ,?race t furni%$ a cont+5t ( allies1 requir$ no m ?an t !y %\ld h ! means ( cross+ ! ,/raits ( ,gallipoli4 ,we n[h]e he> t !y _h a port or h>b\r4 ,a ,phnician deity w\ld !re=e1 ( c\rse1 be on ! ,a*an side dur+ ! w>4 ,indep5d5tly ( su* an orig91 he might1 9 8 usual capacity ( ag5t1 h be5 ) p]fect propriety s5t to ,calypso3 b 8 my?ical relation%ip to h] z a nephew1 & h] evid5t connection ) ,phnician traditions1 give a peculi> propriety to 8 employm5t on ?is err&4 ,ano!r passage ( ! ,odyssey seems1 h[ev]1 to place ?is relation%ip beyond d\bt4 ,ulysses1 9 ! ,twelf? ,book1 rec\nts to ,alc9\s ! transaction t occurr$ 9 ! ,olympian ,assembly aft] 8 crew _h sla9 ! ox5 ( ! ,sun4 ,on t occasion1 ! (f5d$ deity decl>$ t1 unless he got comp5sation1 he w\ld g d[n & %9e 9 ! realm ( ,aides2 ^u :i* ,jupit] at once promis$ to de/roy ! %ip ( ,ulysses4 #8,?is1' adds ,ulysses1 #8,i he>d f ,calypso1 & %e told me t %e _h h]self he>d x f ,m]cury#ddh4' #ddh ,od4 xii4 #chi1 #ij4 ,n[ ?is 0 no affair ( ,calypso's2 none1 t is1 on :i* ! gods c\ld make a communication to h] 9 reg>d to ,ulysses3 b x 0 "o 9 :i*1 f h] passion = ! h]o1 %e w\ld take a natural int]e/1 & on :i* %e might well obta9 in=mation f a deity :o 0 h] relative4 ,nor does x appe> on :at o!r gr\nd ,m]cury %\ld be nam$1 z ! p]son :o br\ght h] ?is extra-(ficial report4 ,aga91 x is probably on acc\nt ( 8 ,phnician connection1 t ! int]v5tion ( ,m]cury is employ$ 9 ! ,t5? ,odyssey#ddi1 to supply ,ulysses ) ! in/ructions t 7 necess>y1 9 ord] to enable him to cope ) ,circe4 #ddi ,od4 x4 #bge-cjg4 ,= we are "h 9 ! mid/ ( a clu/] ( traditions1 :i* we h e reason to presume to be :olly ,phnician#dej4 ,x is ! clu/]1 :i* occupies ! out] circle ( ! geography ( ! ,odyssey3 & x is sev]$ f ! ,grecian _w & exp]i5ce1 n only by a geographical l9e1 b by an entire *ange 9 my?ological relations4 ,f ! "t :5 ,ulysses ent]s t circle 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,n9? ,book1 until 8 appe>ance ne> ,s*]ia1 on ! outskirt ( ! kn[n famili> sph]e1 8 anci5t fri5d ,m9]va n[h]e att5ds him3 & !re are f\r :ole books )\t ev5 a m5tion ( ! goddess1 :o1 except = ?is int]val1 /&s prom95tly =? 9 almo/ e page ( ! ,odyssey4 ,! div9e aid is giv5 to him1 dur+ ?is p]iod1 ?r\gh ,circe & ,calypso2 :ile ,m]cury is appo9t$ to comm& ! latt]1 & to enable ,ulysses to ov]come ! =m]4 ,bo? ! company & ! traditions1 amid/ :i* ,m]cury is f\nd1 ?us invite u to presume t he is a deity ( ,phnician importation into ,greece4 #dej ,see #8,a*is1 or ,e?nology1' sect4 iv4 ,m]cury rec5t 9 ,greece4 ,!re is "o o!r po9t connect$ ) him1 :i*1 t5d+ to m>k t he _h some:at rec5tly become kn[n to ! ,greeks1 agrees ) o!r indications ( 8 introduction f beyond sea4 ,he figures1 inde$1 9 leg5ds z old z ,h]cules & ,pelops#dea2 & we d n receive any acc\nt ( 8 infancy1 z we d ( ! infancy ( ,dionysus & ( ,vulcan4 ,b we may obs]ve t1 :5ev] he assumes human =m1 x is ! =m ( "o sc>cely em]g+ f boyhood4 ,9 ! la/ ,iliad1 he is a 1 9 ! faire/ fl[] ( y\?#deb4 ,& 9 ! ,t5? ,odyssey1 :]e he makes 8 second & only o!r appe>ance to a mortal1 ! same l9e is repeat$ 9 ord] to describe 8 appe>ance1 z if x 7 an e/abli%$ =mula = himself1 & n m]ely adapt$ to a p>ticul> occasion4 ,inde$ x may reasonably be que/ion$1 :e!r su* adaptation exi/s at all4 ,a v "y p]son 0 n ! mo/ appropriate conductor = ,priam1 on su* an err& z t :i* he _h und]tak53 nor ! be/ in/ructor 9 ! mode ( cop+ ) ! =midable ,circe4 ,!re=e1 )\t lay+ too mu* /ress ^u ! po9t1 ! mean+ ( ! y\?ful appe>ance seems to be1 t he 0 "y 9 ! ,greek ,olympus4 #dea ,il4 ii4 #ajd4 ,od4 xi4 #fbf4 #deb ,il4 xxiv4 #cdh4 ,od4 x4 #bgi4 ,!re is yet ano!r sign by :i* ,i ?9k we may id5tify ,m]cury z1 9 ! e/imation ( ,hom]1 a deity kn[n to be ( =eign introduction4 ,! li/ giv5 by ,jupit] 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad ( 8 intrigues1 includes no ref]5ce to ,maias1 ! "m ( ,m]cury1 or to ,diana ! "m ( ,v5us4 ,yet x is a l>ge & elaborately con/ruct$ li/1 end+ ) ,juno h]self3 & ! "q arises1 on :at pr9ciple 0 x con/ruct$8 ,i ?9k ! answ] mu/ be t1 z x 0 address$ to ,juno1 ! mo/ ,hell5ic ( all ! ,olympian deities1 ) :om he wi%$ to be on good t]ms at ! mom5t1 s also x 0 int5d$1 if n to give a full acc\nt ( 8 ,greek intrigues1 yet at any rate t no tradition %\ld appe> 9 x1 except su* z ,hom] consid]$ to be ei!r native1 or fully naturaliz$4 ,x conta9s no ref]5ce1 = example1 to ! "m ( ,s>p$on1 ! "m ( ,d>danus1 ! "m ( ,amphion & ,ze?us1 ! "m ( ,tantalus1 7:om we h h[ev] only presumptions = reckon+ z by ,hom]ic tradition a son ( ,jupit]17 or ev5 ! "m ( olus2 :om x is possible t ,hom] may h reg>d$ z ,hellic1 r ?an prop]ly ,greek1 ?\gh ! fa!r ( illu/ri\s ,greek h\ses4 ,if ?is be ! rule1 "u :i* ! ,poet has fram$ ! li/1 !n ! exclusion ( ,maias & h] son rem>kably co9cides ) ! o!r evid5ce t t5ds to def9e 8 position z a deity ( kn[n & rememb]$ =eign orig94 ,8 ,olympian (fice & t ( ,iris4 ,x may be conv5i5t to notice 9 ?is place ! /atem5t :i* is commonly made1 t ,iris is ! mess5g] ( ! gods 9 ! ,iliad1 b t ,m]cury1 except only 9 ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,book ( t ,poem1 is conf9$ 9 ?is capacity to ! ,odyssey3 a /atem5t1 on :i* has be5 f\nd$ a /&+ popul> argum5t aga9/ ! unity ( au?or%ip 9 ! two poems1 & also aga9/ ! g5u95ess ( ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,iliad itself4 ,! /atem5t1 h[ev]1 appe>s to re/ ^u a pure misappreh5sion2 = x assumes ! id5tity ( ! "* ( ,iris & ,m]cury respectively z mess5g]s4 ,:]eas !re is really a diff]5ce1 correspond+ ) ! diff]5ce 9 dignity betwe5 ! two deities3 & ,hom] is 9 reg>d to !m p]fectly consi/5t ) himself4 ,m]cury is sometimes a mess5g] 9 ! prop] s5se1 & sometimes an ag5t1 or an ag5t & mess5g] comb9$4 ,x is n true t1 s f> z ! ,iliad is conc]n$1 he only appe>s 9 ! la/ ,book 9 "o ( ^! capacities4 ,= 9 ! ,second ,book#dec we f9d1 t he c>ri$ ! ,pelopid sceptre f ,jupit] to ,pelops3 :i* may mean ei!r simply1 t he 0 ! be>] ( x1 or t by a commission he assi/$ ,pelops 9 acquir+1 or r 9 f\nd+1 ! ,a*an ?rone 9 ! ,peloponnesus4 ,9 ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,iliad1 ,m]cury is n really a mess5g] at all#ded2 b he is an ag5t1 intru/$ by ,jupit] on ! gr\nd ( special fitness ) ! despat* ( a delicate & important bus9ess1 ! br++ ,priam 9 safety to ! pres5ce ( ,a*illes1 & aft]w>ds ! )draw+ him securely f a position ( ! utmo/ dang]4 ,?is is an (fice l t und]tak5 by ,m9]va 9 ! ,f\r? ,book1 :51 z %e 0 commission$ to br+ ab\t a brea* ( ! ,pact by ! ,trojans1 %e repair$ to ,p&>us = ! purpose4 ,b ! function ( ,iris is simply to c>ry messages1 & *iefly f "o deity to ano!r2 %e is n only 1 b #dee2 %e is n intru/$ 9 any case ) ! conduct ( transactions among m51 or responsible = _! issue1 al?\gh 9 ! ,fifte5? ,book %e spontane\sly advises ! god ,neptune 9 ! s5se ( ! message %e has br\ght4 ,x is n = ,jupit] only t %e acts3 %e also conveys a message1 & a cl&e/9e "o1 = ,juno#def4 ,nay1 on "o occasion1 )\t any div9e *>ge1 he>+ ! pray] ( ,a*illes to two ( ! ,w9ds1 %e spontane\sly c>ries x to ! palace1 :]e !y 7 all fea/+ toge!r#deg4 #dec ,il4 ii4 #ajd4 #ded ,il4 xxiv4 #ccd4 #dee ,il4 xxiii4 #aii4 #def ,il4 xviii4 #afe-h4 #deg ,il4 xxiii4 #aii4 ,only 9 ! ,odyssey d we f9d ,m]cury unque/ionably & simply dis*>g+ ! duty ( a mess5g]2 & ?is on two occasions3 ! fir/1 :5 he br\ght to gi/hus ! w>n+ t 8 crimes1 if committ$1 w\ld be foll[$ by retribution f ! h& ( ,ore/es2 ! second1 :5 he communicat$ to ,calypso ! comm& to release ,ulysses4 ,b !re is 9 reality no discrepancy :atev] betwe5 ! two poems3 inasmu* z ,m]cury & ,iris1 ?\gh bo? mess5g]s1 act 9 diff]5t *>act]s4 ,iris is 9 "o case ! spontane\s mess5g]1 :o c>ries a h]o's wi% to subord9ate deities2 b %e uni=mly has ?is m>k1 t %e nev] rises high] ?an to be ! p]sonal mess5g] ( ,jupit]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,m]cury 9 ! ,odyssey is ! (ficial mess5g]1 n ( ,jupit] individually1 b 9 bo? cases ( ! ,assembly ( ! gods3 & ! c>e1 ) :i* ! di/9ction seems to be drawn1 is v rem>kable4 ,x is true1 ! message to ,calypso is call$ 3 b x became ! message ( ,jupit]1 because x 0 a proposal made by ,m9]va 9 ! ,olympian ,assembly1 & made on ! "p ( all 9 ! plural numb]1 :i* 0 !n duly adopt$ by ,jupit] z ! executive head ( ! body#deh3 #deh ,od4 i4 #hd4 1 1 4 ,! message 9 ! case ( gi/hus is equally well def9$#dei3 #dei ,od4 i4 #ch4 4 ,x w\ld h be5 out ( keep+1 !re=e1 ) ! "* & rank ( ! ,hom]ic ,iris1 to give h] ! *>ge ( ! messages c>ri$ by ,m]cury4 ,! only case at all analog\s 9 ! ,iliad is t ( ! decision 9 ! ,f\r? ,book3 & !re n ,iris1 b ,m9]va is employ$4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 true t we h 9 ! ,odyssey no recognition ( ! "* ( ,iris z a mess5g]4 ,we f9d "o1 & t ! pla9e/ ( all1 9 ! etymology ( ! "n ( ! begg>4 ,8 prop] "n 0 ,arnu#dfj2 & he 0 call$ ,irus1 because he 0 a mess5g]3 #dfj ,od4 xviii4 #f4 1 ' 1 4 ,!re is yet ano!r illu/ration ( ! view :i* has "h be5 giv54 ,9 ! ,assembly ( ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,iliad1 ,jupit]1 9 ord] to give effect to ! g5]al desire ( ! gods1 has occasion to wi% = ! pres5ce ( ,!tis3 & x has at fir/ sight an odd appe>ance t he does n1 z 9 o!r cases :]e he is act+ s+ly1 call ,iris & bid h] g3 b he says1 ) a mode ( expression n f\nd else:]e1 ' 4444 ,& ,iris1 he>+ him1 sets =? )\t be+ p]sonally designat$4 ,! peculi> language seems z if x _h be5 employ$ = ! especial purpose ( keep+ ,iris )9 h] own prov9ce1 & ( prev5t+ ! possibility ( ! confusion betwe5 h] (fice & t ( deities sup]ior 9 rank1 :i* might h aris5 if %e _h regul>ly receiv$ an err& 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 ,?us1 !n1 x w\ld appe>1 t ! app>5t discrepancy betwe5 ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! poems1 :5 closely exam9$1 really yields to u fre% evid5ce ( _! h>mony4 ,nor let x be ?\ght unwor?y ( ,hom] ?us m9utely to pres]ve ! prec$5ce & relative dignity ( 8 deities4 ,) our views ( ! ,olympian s*eme1 x may require an ef=t to assume 8 /&+-gr\nd3 b :5 he 0 deal+ ) ! actual religion ( 8 c\ntry1 x 0 j z natural & ne$ful = him to ma9ta9 ! ranks & di/9ctions ( ! gods1 z ( m5 9 _! v>i\s classes4 ,my?ology might1 inde$1 af=d ample scope to 8 fancy = free embelli%m5t & enl>gem5t ( ! e/abli%$ traditions2 b ^! processes mu/ always be 9 ! s5se ( h>moni\s developm5t1 n ( discord4 ,ano!r "q may inde$ be ask$3 :5ce came ?is idea ( tw(old mess5g]%ip1 high] & l[]8 & w\ld x n h be5 m natural if ! :ole ( ?is function _h be5 intru/$ to "o deity8 ,?is "q is1 ,i believe1 j1 & requires t a special acc\nt %\ld be giv5 ( an arrangem5t app>5tly anomal\s4 ,su* an acc\nt ,i h endeav\r$ to supply 9 treat+ ( ,iris1 by %ew+ t %e owes h] place to a primeval tradition1 :ile ,m]cury owes 8 to an ideal con=mity ) ! laws ( ! ,olympian sy/em4 ,& 9 tru? !re is no s+le deity1 on :om ! /amp ( t sy/em has be5 m legibly impress$4 ,x might be said ( ! ,hom]ic ,m]cury1 t he exce$s 9 humanism 7to co9 a ^w = ! purpose7 ! o!r ,olympian gods1 z mu* z !y excel ! div9ities ( any o!r sy/em4 ,8 type is :olly & purely inv5tive1 )\t a trace ( :at is traditional4 ,he repres5ts1 s to speak1 ! utilit>ian side ( ! human m9d1 :i* 0 ( small acc\nt 9 ! age ( ,hom]1 b has s9ce be5 m e/eem$4 ,9 ! limitation ( 8 faculties & p[]s1 9 ! l[ /&>d ( 8 moral habits1 9 ! abundant activity ( 8 appetites1 9 8 indiff]5ce1 8 ease1 8 good nature1 9 ! full-bl[n exhibition ( :at ,*ri/ian ,!ology w\ld call con=mity to ! _w1 he is1 z /rictly z ! nature ( ! case admits1 a product ( ! inv5tion ( man4 ,he is ! god ( int]c\rse on e>?2 & ?us he holds 9 heav5 by my?ological title1 :at came to ,iris by primitive tradition4 ,! pro( mu/1 ,i ?9k1 be suffici5tly evid5t1 f :at has be5 & w be adduc$ piecemeal & by way ( contra/1 9 ! acc\nts ( o!r &1 = t p]iod at lea/1 m important div9ities4 ,v5us4 ,! ,v5us ( ,hom]4 ,!re is no deity1 except p]haps ,dionysus1 ( :om ! position & e/imation 9 ,hom] are s vividly contra/$ ) ^?1 to :i* he or %e atta9$ 9 lat] paganism1 z ,v5us4 ,! ,v5us ( ,virgil1 ! ,v5us ( ,lucretius1 are sep>at$ by an immeasurable int]val f ! ,aphrodite ( ,hom]4 ,& ! mann] 9 :i* %e is treat$ ?r\gh\t ! ,iliad & ,odyssey is n only curi\s1 z indicat+ ! nature & orig9 ( h] div9ity1 b is ( v high int]e/ z illu/rative ( ! great ,poet's tone ( m9d & feel+4 ,!re is no act ( wor%ip or rev]5ce1 no sign ( awe or def]5ce1 %[n to h] 9 any "p ( ei!r ( ! poems4 ,yet h] rank is indisputably elevat$4 ,x is beyond d\bt t %e belongs to ! ,olympian family4 ,%e appe>s 9 ,olympus1 n z specially s5t =1 b z entitl$ ord9>ily to be !re3 %e takes a side 9 ! w>3 %e makes ! bir? ( neas m glori\s on ! "m's side ?an t ( ,a*illes1 :o 0 sprung f ,!tis1 ! daught] ( ,n]eus1 & a deity ( inf]ior dignity to h]s4 ,n only is ,jupit] h] fa!r1 b h] "m ,dione is an ,olympian goddess4 ,yet h] ,olympian rank is ill su/a9$ by p[]s & pr]ogatives3 & %e probably ow$ x to ! poetical necessity1 :i* oblig$ ,hom] to h an array ( div9ities on ea* side 9 ! w>1 ) "s semblance ( equality at lea/ betwe5 ! rival divisions4 ,! indications ( ! poem may lead u to believe t h] "n & wor%ip 7 ( rec5t orig94 ,t a wor%ip ( h] _h begun is obvi\s3 = 9 ,paphos1 a t[n ( ,cyprus1 & ! only "o nam$ by ,hom]1 %e _h bo? an alt>1 & a 1 or d$icat$ e/ate2 & %e be>s ! "n ( ,cypris#dfa4 ,b we h only ! v slighte/ m5tion ( h]1 or ( any ?+ connect$ ) h]1 9 ,greece prop]4 ,we h se5 mu* reason to assume t ,cyprus 0 ess5tially ,pelasgian1 & e?nically m ak9 to ,troy ?an to ,greece4 ,9 ,troy we f9d v>i\s signs ( h] influ5ce4 ,%e s5t to ,&roma*e ! m>riage gift ( h] #dfb4 ,%e made to ,p>is ! fatal pres5t ( 8 lu/#dfc4 ,%e fell 9 love ) ,an*ises1 & became ! "m ( neas#dfd4 ,%e l$ ,hel5 away f ! ro( ( ,m5elaus#dfe1 & 0 an object ( dread to h] :5 9 ,troy#dff4 ,m9]va1 9 taunt+ h] bitt]ly ab\t h] w\nd1 supposes %e may h got x by a scrat* f a gold5 buckle1 9 undress+ "s ,greek woman t %e _h p]suad$ to elope ) "o ( ! ,trojans :om %e s signally loves#dfg4 ,aga91 x appe>s f a spee* ( ,hel51 t %e 0 wor%ipp$ 9 ,phrygia & ,monia#dfh4 ,! only tok5 ( h] influ5ce 9 ,greece is1 t %e is twice 9 ! ,odyssey call$ 4 ,?us we see h] n /rictly )9 ,greece1 b r advanc$ "s /eps on h] way to x4 ,& x is easy to suppose t1 9 ! race ( corruption1 h] wor%ip w\ld run among ! fa/e/4 #dfa ,il4 v4 #dbb et alibi4 #dfb ,il4 xxii4 #dgj4 #dfc ,il4 xxiv4 #cj4 #dfd ,il4 ii4 #hbj4 #dfe ,il4 iii4 #djj4 #dff ,il4 iii4 #dah2 also #cie1 :]e 1 z mo/ commonly 9 ,hom]1 means to excite ) fe>4 #dfg ,il4 v4 #dbb-e4 #dfh ,il4 iii4 #djb4 ,v5us z yet sc>cely ,greek4 ,! negative evid5ce1 !n1 ?us f> t5ds to ! belief t ,v5us 0 n yet e/abli%$ among ! regul> deities ( ! ,poet's c\ntrym53 & x is support$ by positive te/imony4 ,= "s ( ! functions1 t mu/ 9 ! po/-,hom]ic view ( h] (fice h belong$ to h]1 ,hom] /udi\sly makes o!r provision4 ,( ?is !re is a mo/ rem>kable case 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,he designs t ! ,suitors1 be=e !y are put to dea?1 %all be made to yield ( _! sub/ance to ! h\se ( ,ulysses1 9 ! =m ( gifts to ,p5elope4 ,= ?is purpose he arrays h] 9 all h] *>ms1 & br+s h] =? 9 appe>ance l ,diana1 or gold5 ,v5us#dfi4 ,x is n a common practice ) ,hom] to comp>e a beautiful ,greek woman to ,v5us2 especially :5 x is "o s matronlike z ,p5elope4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! comp>ison ( ,cass&ra to ,v5us#dgj is entirely 9 keep+ ) ! ,asiatic "* ( ! deity4 ,b ! int5tion ( ! allusion "h is manife/3 = :5 ! ,suitors see h]1 x is passion :i* prompts !m to vie ) "o ano!r 9 c\rt+ h] fav\r ?r\gh ! m$ium ( co/ly gifts4 ,h[1 !n1 came ! sad ,p5elope ?us to deck h]self8 ,x 0 n h] own ?\ght3 x 0 ! sugge/ion ( a deity1 & if ,v5us _h be5 recognis$ by ,hom] z an e/abli%$ object ( wor%ip 9 ,greece1 ,v5us w\ld mo/ prop]ly h made ! sugge/ion3 = %e1 says ,a*illes1 is supreme 9 beauty1 z ,m9]va is 9 indu/ry & skill#dga4 ,b x is ,m9]va :o in/ils ?is sugge/ion into ! m9d ( ,p5elope2 ?\gh 9 a =m :i* conveys no ta9t to h] m9d#dgb4 ,%e goes1 h[ev]1 beyond ?is3 = %e s5ds ,p5elope to sleep1 & !n1 to enhance h] beauty1 applies to h] face a wa%1 ( ! k9d t ,v5us h]self uses :5 %e goes among ! ,graces4 ,yet ?is is n procur$ f ,v5us1 z ,juno 9 ! ,iliad procures ! ce/us f h] on ,m\nt ,olympus2 nor is h] ag5cy or aid 9 any mann] employ$4 ,?us %e is n all[$1 z x 71 to h to d 9 any mann] ) ,p5elope2 a cle> indication1 ,i ?9k1 t ?\gh kn[n1 %e 0 n yet wor%ipp$ 9 ,greece prop]4 #dfi ,od4 xvii4 #cg4 xix4 #ed4 #dgj ,il4 xxiv4 #fii4 ,i ?9k ! case ( ,h]mione 7,od4 iv4 #ad47 is an exception4 #dga ,il4 ix4 #chi4 #dgb ,od4 xviii4 #aeh-fh4 ,%e appe>s1 inde$1 9 ! leg5d ( ! daught]s ( ,p&>eus#dgc3 b ! sc5e ( ?is leg5d is n /at$ by ,hom] to be 9 ,greece1 & by g5]al tradition x is plac$ 9 ,crete or 9 ,asia ,m9or4 #dgc ,od4 xix4 #fg1 #gc4 ,aga91 ! pr$icam5ts 9 :i* %e is exhibit$ 9 ! poems are ( a k9d h>dly reconcilable ) ! supposition1 t %e 0 an ackn[l$g$ ,greek deity at ! "t4 ,9 ! lay ( ,demodocus1 ! ,poet seems to int5d to make ! guilty pair ridicul\s1 f 8 s5d+ !m (f1 :5 releas$1 s rapidly & 9 sil5ce4 ,x is true t he exhibits to u 9 ! ,iliad ! s5sual passion ( ,jupit]3 b he has wrea!d ! passage :]e x is describ$ 9 imag]y1 bo? ( wond]ful beauty1 & r m elaborate ?an is 8 wont#dgd4 ,b :atev] may be ?\ght ( ! ,eigh? ,odyssey1 ! ,fif? & ,tw5ty-fir/ ,iliad seem1 s f> z ,v5us is conc]n$1 only to p]mit "o con/ruction4 ,9 ! =m]1 %e is1 aft] be+ w\nd$1 bo? m5ac$ & ridicul$ by ,diom$#dge4 ,9 ! latt]1 = no o!r (f5ce ?an lead+ ! batt]$ ,m>s (f ! field1 %e is foll[$ by ,m9]va1 & /ruck to ! gr\nd by a bl[ ^u ! brea/4 ,z 9 ! case ( ,m>s1 s & m decid$ly 9 ! case ( ,v5us1 x appe>s z if ! ignom9i\s treatm5t 9 ! ,!oma*y 0 difficult1 & ! w\nd+ & treatm5t by ,diom$ q impossible1 to reconcile ) ! idea t x c\ld h be5 devis$ by a ,poet1 & recit$ to audi5ces1 = :om ! p]sonages s h&l$ =m$ a "p ( ! e/abli%$ objects ( religi\s v5]ation4 ,ev5 ,hel5 is p]mitt$ to taunt h] bitt]ly3 to recomm5d h] becom+ ! wife1 or ev5 ! slave1 ( ,p>is1 & h] ceas+ to make pret5sions to play ! "p ( a deity3 #dgd ,il4 xiv4 #cdf-ea4 #dge ,il4 v4 #cce1 #cdh4 ' 1 ' #dgf4 #dgf ,il4 iii4 #djf4 ,h] advance f ! ,ea/4 ,9 entire h>mony ) ^! suppositions is1 fir/1 ! side tak5 by h] 9 ! w>2 & secondly1 ! geographical indications ( h] wor%ip4 ,x appe>s to h mov$ f ! ,ea/ along t d\ble l9e1 by :i* we h f\nd x probable t ! ,pelasgians fl[$ into ,europe3 "o ! way ( ! isl&s at ! base ( ! gean1 ! o!r by ! ,hellespont4 ,we "k1 f o!r s\rces1 t ! ,ea/ eng5d]$ at a v e>ly date creations ( ?is k9d4 ,"u ! names ( ,a/>te1 ,mylitta1 ,mitra1 & ! l1 we seem to enc\nt] s _m sep>ate =ms or v]sions ( ! ,greek ,v5us4 ,we may inde$ obs]ve t ,a/>te 0 commonly associat$ ) ! ,moon1 & x w\ld be a matt] ( int]e/ to "k ! orig9al relation betwe5 ! popul> or promiscu\s ,v5us 771 & ! cele/ial "o4 ,9 ,hom] we f9d !m completely sev]$3 we p]ceive ,artemis ) _m traces ( ! old]1 & ,aphrodite fully repres5t+ ! m rec5t & c>nal conception4 ,!re /ill rema9s "o sign ( correspond5ce2 x is ! /&+ epi!t ( = ,aphrodite1 comp>$ ) ! clu/] ( gold5 epi!ts#dgg appli$ to ,diana4 ,we may n unreasonably1 ,i ?9k1 take ,artemis z ! probable prototype2 & ,aphrodite z ! s5sual image1 into :i* ! old & pure conception _h already deg5]at$1 be=e ! "t :5 ! two fell1 z poetic mat]ial1 ea* = its own purpose1 into ! m\ld+ h& ( ,hom]4 ,:ile su* a s\rce is e way probable1 our ref]5ce to x is ! m natural1 because x is n v easy to attribute to ! ,greeks ( ! h]oic age ! orig9al conception ( su* a div9ity z ,v5us4 ,= ?\gh !y 7 ( social & !re=e some:at jovial habits1 & ?\gh !y 7 a race ( ready h&1 giv5 to crimes ( viol5ce1 yet !y 7 n1 on ! :ole1 by any means a s5sual race1 9 relation to ! /&>d :i* seems to h gov]n$ ! ,asiatic nations1 :e!r we e/imate ^! latt] ! ,trojans1 ! ,assyrians1 or ! ,jews4 #dgg ,sup4 sect4 ii4 p4 #adf4 ,! m>riage ) ,vulcan1 & ! relation to a "m ,dione1 inv5t$ app>5tly = ! purpose ( mat]nity1 are m>ks ( rec5cy4 ,if ,i h rightly ref]r$ ,vulcan to ! ,phnician ord]1 ?is m>riage may be an indication t ,v5us likewise _h a place 9 x3 & aga91 consid]+ h] /ation 9 ,troas1 x seems n impossible t ! wor%ip ( ,vulcan may h be5 introduc$ !re ! m readily1 because ( 8 be+ reput$ to be h] husb&4 ,l ,maias ! "m ( ,m]cury1 ,dione1 ! "m ( ,v5us1 is exclud$ f ! li/ ( ,jupit]'s amor\s or matrimonial connections 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad 7#cab-bh74 ,?is leads to ! conclusion1 ei!r t ! tradition respect+ h] 0 kn[n only z a =eign "o1 or else t x 0 rec5t1 slight1 & z yet unau!nticat$ 9 popul> belief4 ,9 ei!r view x co9cides ) ! o!r indications z to ,v5us4 ,h] rank & p]sonal "*4 ,! prim>y function ( ,v5us1 ap>t f ,asia1 appe>s to lie among ! ,olympian deities4 ,t %e 01 z a memb] ( t family1 9 actual ex]cise ( h] pr]ogatives1 we see pla9ly f ! application made by ,juno to h] 9 ord] to obta9 ! grace & attractiv5ess1 by :i* %e hop$ to act ^u ! m9d ( ,jupit]4 ,z a my?ological conception1 %e exhibits to u on ! page ( ,hom] ! union ( ! mo/ f9i%$ mat]ial beauty ) /rong s5suality1 & ! entire abs5ce ( all traces ( ! e?ical elem5t4 ,%e repres5ts two ?+s1 =m & passion2 ! =m] ref9$1 ! latt] n s4 ,9 h] "*1 z conceiv$ by ,hom]1 we see h[ t :i* is div9e1 :5 x has ceas$ to be div9e1 becomes1 n human1 b some?+ mu* worse & bas]3 z he t falls f a height _c /op half-way d[n ! precipice at 8 w1 b mu/ rea* ! gr\nd4 ,ev5 fem99e t5d]ness does n cl+ to ! "* ( ,v5us4 ,%e is effem9ate1 inde$1 = :5 w\nd$ %e lets h] son neas fall3 b g5tle %e is n1 = 9 ! sc5e ( ! ,?ird ,iliad ) ,hel5 h] conduct is h>% ev5 to brutality1 & %e drives ! reluctant pr9cess into s5suality only by ! cruel ?reat ( viol5ce & dea?#dgh4 #dgh ,il4 iii4 #dad-g4 ,9 ,v5us we see ! p[] ( an ,immortal r$uc$ to its m9imum4 ,ev5 ! faculty ( self-trans=mation seems to h be5 9 h] case b imp]fectly ex]cis$#dgi4 ,%e does n pret5d to give /r5g? or c\rage to h] son neas1 b is repres5t$ simply z c>ry+ him (f 9 h] arms4 ,x is "h wor?y ( rem>k1 t %e has n ev5 ! ability1 l ! great] deities1 to envelop him 9 cl\d3 %e has no comm& ov] nature1 only ov] ! corrupt & rebelli\s impulses ( man3 %e has p[] to c>ry neas away1 b he is fold$ 9 h] mantle#dhj4 ,9 fact1 h] privileges 9 g5]al appe> to be l ^? ( ! inf]ior ord]s ( deity1 held & us$ = h] own enjoym5t2 b !y d n c>ry ! p[] ( act+ ^u man or nature1 except 9 a p>ticul> & prescrib$ function4 ,h] capacity ( locomotion is limit$ 9 a peculi> degree4 ,m>s1 ?\gh no great deity1 w5t1 :5 w\nd$1 up to heav5 on ! cl\ds4 ,b ,v5us requir$ to borr[ ! dis5gag$ *>iot ( ,m>s = ! purpose1 :5 9 ! same pr$icam5t#dha4 #dgi ,il4 iii4 #cif4 #dhj ,il4 v4 #caa-ah4 #dha ,il4 v4 #cee-fd4 #cfc4 ,x is no wond] t ! anci5t1 probably ! e>lie/ ,greek1 acc\nt ( h] orig9 :i* is giv5 by ,hesiod#dhb1 %\ld m>k h] z ( entirely animal extraction4 #dhb ,!og4 #ahh-ih4 ,ano!r peculi>ity 9 ! case ( ,v5us is1 t %e already takes h] "n1 & n only receives m]e epi!ts1 f two p>ticul> spots :]e %e is wor%ipp$4 ,cyprus makes h] 9 ! ,iliad1 & f ,cy!ra %e is also ,cy!rea 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,%e ?us /&s di/9ct f ,juno3 to :om ! ,argeian "n is simply an app5dage1 ?\gh "o ( a mo/ *>act]i/ic =ce1 & "o involv+ important inf]5ces z to h] orig94 ,nor is %e less di/9ct f ,m9]va1 ^: "n is n d]ivative 9 =m :5 %e is call$ 1 & :om we mu/ consid] z ! eponymi/ ( ,a!ns1 & n its namesake4 ,no indication c\ld be ( great] =ce1 ?an ?is m>k$ localism1 9 /amp+ ! ideas ab\t ,v5us z purely human 9 _! orig94 ,v5us unable to conf] beauty4 ,x w\ld be an error to consid] ! ,v5us ( ,hom] z ev5 ! goddess ( beauty4 ,%e 0 end[$ ) x p]sonally1 & %e possess$ ! ce/us ( fasc9ation & desire3 b %e _h no capacity to make mortals beautiful1 su* z ,m9]va ex]cis$ ^u ,p5elope & ,ulysses1 & ,juno ^u ! virg9 daught]s ( ,p&>eus4 ,%e is !re pass$ by 9 su* a mann] z to make x pla9 t %e did n possess any p[] ( imp>t+ ?is gift4 ,h] 1 9 ,il4 iii4 #fe1 d n appe> to include x2 or ,p>is w\ld n say1 #8no "o w\ld spontane\sly seek !m4' ,= beauty ( p]son 0 among ! recognis$ & highly valu$ gifts ( heav5#dhc4 #dhc ,od4 viii4 #afg-gg4 ,we are told1 9 ! ,tw5tie? ,odyssey1 t ,v5us f$ ! orphan girls ( ,p&>eus ) *eese1 honey1 & w9e2 &1 cont9ues ! passage1 ,juno gave !m extraord9>y beauty & prud5ce1 ,diana l(ty /ature1 ,m9]va indu/rial skill4 ,aft]w>ds1 !y be+ ?us equipp$1 ,v5us w5t up to ,olympus to pray ,jupit] t he w\ld make arrangem5ts = _! m>riage#dhd4 ,?us h] op]ations 9 a "w ( good are :olly m9i/]ial & inf]ior3 & n only does %e n conf] beauty h]self1 b %e sees x conf]r$ by ,juno4 ,?is aga9 %[s t ! ,v5us ( ,hom]1 except = evil1 has no p[] to "w ^u ! body or m9d ( man4 #dhd ,od4 xx4 #ff-ge4 ,b we mu/ n omit to m>k t sign ( ! real *a/ity ( ,hom]'s m9d :i* he has giv5 u by 8 me?od ( h&l+ ! "* ( ,v5us2 a deity :om ! nature ( 8 subject 9 ! ,iliad w\ld h l$ almo/ any o!r hea!n1 & _m ,*ri/ian1 poets to magnify4 ,9 n a s+le in/ance does ,hom] exhibit ?is div9ity to u 9 an amiable or engag+ light1 or inve/ h] ) ! attractions ( p[]1 glory1 & success4 ,:5 ,m9]va advises ,diom$ 9 ! ,fif? ,iliad#dhe1 %e says1 ,d n attack any ( ! immortals2 b if y happ5 to see ,v5us1 h] y may w\nd4 ,we seem to h a cle> indication1 t ,hom] introduc$ ?is passage simply 9 ord] to ?r[ contempt on ,v5us2 because aft]w>ds1 :5 ,m>s is 9 ! field1 & ,diom$ pleads ! inhibition he _h receiv$ z a reason = 8 inaction1 ,m9]va at once removes x1 & bids ! w>rior assail t god )\t scruple#dhf4 #dhe ,il4 v4 #aca4 cf4 #ccj4 #dhf ,il4 v4 #hah1 #bg4 ,aga91 :5 ,diom$ w\nds ,m>s1 x is because ,m9]va invisibly directs & impels 8 lance#dhg3 b he w\nds ,v5us )\t any aid4 ,9 ! ,!oma*y1 %e appe>s ^u ! li/ ( deities enum]at$ z tak+ ! ,greek & ,trojan side respectively2 b :5 ! ,poet comes to mat* ! o!rs = fight1 %e disappe>s f 8 m9d2 z ?\gh x w\ld h be5 an insult to any o!r memb] ( ! ,olympian family to be pitt$ aga9/ h] effem9acy4 ,accord+ly1 no antagoni/ is nam$ = h]4 #dhg ,il4 v4 #hef4 ,%e is sometimes made contemptible1 z 9 ! =ego+ in/ances4 ,%e is at o!r times silly & *ildi%1 z "u ! bitt] taunt ( ,m9]va & ! admonition ( ,jupit]#dhh1 & aga91 :5 %e falls into ! trap cunn+ly laid by ,juno#dhi4 ,odi\s 9 ! int]view ) ,hel5 9 ! ,?ird ,book1 %e is nev] bett] ?an neutral1 & nev] once s h&l$ by ! ,poet z to attract our sympa?ies4 #dhh ,il4 v4 #dba-cj4 #dhi ,il4 xiv4 #aij-bbd4 ,nev] made attractive 9 ,hom]4 ,aga91 !re is n1 ?r\gh\t ! ,odyssey or ,iliad1 a s+le description ( ! beauty ( ,v5us1 su* z ,hom] has giv5 u ( ! dress ( ,juno1 or ! arms ( ,m9]va4 ,x is nev]1 ei!r directly or indirectly1 set (f = ! purpose ( creat+ int]e/ & fav\r4 ,"o exception may p]haps be alleg$3 b1 if x is su*1 at lea/ x af=ds ! mo/ m>k$ illu/ration ( ! rule4 ,once he does praise ! exce$+ beaute\s neck1 ! lovely brea/1 ! sp>kl+ eyes ( ,v5us2 b x is :5 he has clo!d h] 9 ! )]$ =m ( ! ag$ sp9/ress t _h att5d$ ^u ,hel5 f ,sp>ta1 & ?r\gh ^: un9vit+ ext]ior su* glimpses ( ! lat5t %ape ( ,v5us are caught by ,hel5 z to enable h]1 b no "o else1 to recognise ! deity4 ,h[ diff]5t is ?is f ! case ( ,virgil1 :o has introduc$ a mo/ beautiful & w9n+ description ( h] 9 ! ,second neid#dij1 j :5 he br+s h] into action t %e may acquit bo? ,hel5 & ,p>is ( all responsibility = ! fall ( ,troy4 ,x w\ld h be5 n only natural = ,hom]1 b1 unless he 0 re/ra9$ by "s /rong reason1 we may almo/ say x w\ld h be5 inevitable1 t he %\ld h done = ,v5us :at has be5 done 9 our own day1 ) v high classical effect1 by ,t5nyson 9 8 none3 #dij n4 ii4 #ehi-ic4 ,idalian ,aphrodite beautiful1 ,fre% z ! foam1 new ba!d 9 ,paphian wells1 ,) rosy sl5d] f+]s backw>d drew ,f h] w>m br[s & bosom h] deep hair ,ambrosial1 gold5 r\nd h] lucid ?roat ,& %\ld]3 f ! violets h] light foot ,%one rosy-:ite1 & o'er h] r\nd$ =m ,betwe5 ! %ad[s ( ! v9e-bran*es ,float$ ! gl[+ sun-light z %e mov$4 ,^u ! :ole1 ,i %\ld confid5tly cite ! treatm5t ( ,v5us 9 ! poems z be+ among ! mo/ satisfactory indications ( ! /ate ( h]oic ,greece1 & "o ( ! mo/ hon\rable tok5s ( ! disposition ( h] ,poet4 ,vulcan4 ,! ,vulcan ( ,hom]4 ,besides ,juno & ,bac*us1 ,heph/us or ,vulcan is ! only ,hom]ic deity :o be>s ^u him ?is unequivocal1 or at lea/ significant1 m>k ( novelty1 t we are suppli$ ) a di/9ct tradition ( 8 *ildhood#dia4 ,9 8 y\? he 0 rickety & lame4 ,8 "m ,juno wi%$ to conceal him1 & %e let him fall into ! sea4 ,"h ,!tis & ,eurynome receiv$ him1 & re>$ him 9 a subm>9e cave1 n1 h[ev]1 "u ! ,m$it]ranean1 b ! ,ocean2 & 9 t cave = n9e ye>s ! boy-smi? employ$ himself 9 mak+ ornam5ts = wom54 #dia ,od4 viii4 #caa3 & ,il4 xviii4 #cie4 ,he is ?us associat$ by 8 traditions ) ! two oppos+ elem5ts ( wat] & fire2 ) wat] by ! hi/ory ( 8 *ildhood1 & ) fire z ! gr& in/rum5t & condition ( 8 art4 ,! latt] 0 by mu* ! /rong] association1 = x 0 cont9ually f$ by ! hi/ory & progress ( ! art itself2 s t he became ! imp]sonation ( t elem5t itself1 & 9 ! phrase x is 8 "n :i* gives ! di/9ctive =ce2 = 9 ,hom] seems to mean ! flame or light ( fire#dib1 & is n us$ to signify fire prop]1 except ) "s o!r ^w 9 conjunction to x or ne> x4 ,b ! explanation ( ! seem+ contr>iety is probably to be f\nd 9 ! hypo!sis1 t 8 wor%ip 0 ( ,phnician introduction2 z ! ,phnicians seem to h made ! ,greeks acqua9t$ ) ! use ( fire 9 work+ metals4 ,if !y made ! deity kn[n to ! ,greeks1 ?is w acc\nt = 8 association ) ! idea ( fire3 & z acc\nts & traditions1 :i* !y _h suppli$1 7 evid5tly ! s\rce ( all ! m remote m>itime del9eations ( ,hom]1 7s9ce !y alone frequ5t$ ,ocean & ! di/ant seas17 ?is is ! natural & easy explanation = ! tradition ( 8 *ildi% arts 9 ! oceanic cave4 ,t he is ?us1 l ! ,phnicians1 = ,hom]1 ! meet+ po9t ( fire & wat]1 appe>s cle>ly to /amp him z ,phnician or ori5tal 9 8 orig91 relatively to ,greece4 #dib ,?us1 9 ,il4 xviii4 #bjf1 x means t blaze )\t heat1 z f %9+ arm\r1 ) :i* ,m9]va inve/$ ,a*illes :5 he w5t =? un>m$4 ,! "n also /&s alone = fire 9 ,il4 ii4 #dbf4 ,accord+ly1 true to ! association betwe5 ,phnician & ,hell5ic elem5ts1 he is "o ( ! five ,hell5iz+ deities 9 ! ,trojan w>2 9 :i*1 z ! elem5t ( fire1 he opposes & subdues ! riv] ,xan?us4 ,he 0 n1 h[ev]1 unkn[n to ! ,trojans2 = ,d>es1 8 prie/1 _h two sons 9 _! army4 ,8 introduction to ,troas may h be5 due to 8 conjugal connection ) ,v5us2 or x may h be5 due to ! neighb\rhood ( ,lemnos1 ! isl& on :i*1 :5 hurl$ f ,olympus by ,jupit]1 he fell1 & :i* !nce=w>d =m$ 8 fav\rite e>?ly habitation4 ,) ,lemnos & o!r isles ,troy 0 9 communication1 at lea/ f ! "t ( ,laom$on1 = t pr9ce ?reat5$ to seize ,apollo & to sell him1 #dic4 ,a regul> comm]ce 0 e/abli%$ betwe5 ,lemnos & ! camp dur+ ! ,trojan w>#did4 #dic ,il4 xxi4 #dec4 #did ,il4 vii4 #dfg4 ,among ! deities ( ,vulcan's g5]ation we f9d b "o m>ri$ c\ple1 & !y are a /rangely assort$ pair1 ,vulcan himself & ,v5us4 ,nei!r "* nor occupation w acc\nt = ?is s+ul> union3 on ! contr>y1 !re is no case 9 :i* ! extremes ( repugnance mu/ s decid$ly be suppos$4 ,x is que/ionable :e!r ! hypo!sis1 t ,v5us repres5ts ! beauty :i* gives p]fection to works ( art1 is 9 entire keep+ ) ! tone ( ! ,hom]ic sy/em4 ,inde$ ,v5us ) ,hom] repres5ts absolutely no?+1 except s5sual passion 9 a f9e ext]ior =m :i* c h>dly be sev]$ f x4 ,"o explanation1 & "o only1 may sugge/ itself z m natural4 ,x is ?is3 t ! wor%ip ( ,vulcan & t ( ,v5us came 91 n di/9ctly connect$ ) ^? ( any o!r deity1 at ab\t ! same "t1 & f ! same qu>t]4 ,we h already se5 ^u ,v5us ^? m>ks ( comp>ative mod]nism1 & ( an ea/]n extraction1 :i* we n[ f9d 9 ,vulcan2 & "h probably is to be f\nd1 ei!r :olly or 9 "p1 ! actuat+ sugge/ion ( _! ill-/>r$ w$lock4 ,?\gh we f9d ! works ( ,vulcan scatt]$ promiscu\sly abroad1 !re is no notice ( 8 wor%ip1 or ( any site or end[m5t belong+ to him 9 ! ,greece ( ,hom]4 ,he 0 available to ! ,poet = embelli%m5t1 b he probably _h n become = ! ,greek nation a regul> object ( adoration4 ,i ?9k we may trace ! tok5s ( 8 ea/]n orig9 9 ! leg5d ( 8 infancy4 ,x 0 into ! sea t he 0 ?r[n3 b1 z we h se51 ! cave 9 :i* he 0 re>$ 0 a cave ( ,ocean#die4 #die ,il4 xviii4 #djb4 ,also1 by a r s+ul> arrangem5t1 !re are two deities1 n "o only1 employ$ 9 tak+ him up & wat*+ ov] 8 *ildhood4 ,nor are ! two naturally associat$ toge!r3 = ,!tis is a daught] ( ,n]eus1 & belongs to ! ,?alassian family2 ,eurynome is a *ild ( ,ocean4 ,! connection ) ,!tis & ! sea is appropriate en\gh 9 ! case ( any *ild ( ,juno1 = ! wife ( ,peleus1 z 8 nurse1 seems to give him an ,hell5ic "*3 b x seems h>d to expla9 ! appo9tm5t ( a colleague belong+ to ! race ( ,ocean1 & = ! situation ( ! cave 9 its b$1 except z hav+ be5 due to ! ea/]n orig9 ( ! div9ity1 ( :i* ! m>k _h n yet be5 effac$4 ,8 m>riage ) ,v5us4 ,! m>riage ( ,v5us & ,vulcan1 metaphysically int]pret$1 repres5ts ! union ( /r5g? & skill 9 ! production ( works ( art3 b ?\gh ?is may h be5 a ,greek application ( ea/]n traditions orig9ally indep5d5t1 !re is no di/9ct trace ( x 9 ,hom]2 :ile x may seem /range t1 if ! ,poet _h _h su* an idea be=e 8 m9d1 8 only picture ( _! conjugal relation %\ld h be5 ! "o giv5 9 ! ,eigh? ,odyssey4 ,/ill1 he may h _h t idea4 ,vulcan's o!r wife1 ,*>is1 repres5ts an exactly simil> conception2 & "h !re is a m obvi\s probability t ! comb9ation 0 ,greek1 & 0 "o int5d$1 or ev5 devis$1 by ,hom]4 ,x is common to treat ! h&l+ ( ?is subject 9 ! ,iliad z 9 contradiction ) t ( ! ,odyssey2 & to use ! assumption ( discrepancy ei!r 9 support ( ! doctr9e ( ! ,*orizontes1 or 9 pro( t ! ,olympian lay ( ,demodocus is spuri\s4 ,)\t ent]+ into t controv]sy1 ,i v5ture to urge t ! pro( is insuffici5t4 ,:y %\ld ! ,vulcan ( ,hom] be limit$ to a s+le sp\se8 ,jupit] has ?ree1 probably f\r2 namely1 ,juno1 ,latona1 ,dione1 & ,c]es4 ,no o!r ,olympian deity1 until we come d[n to ,vulcan1 has any4 ,! "q !n arises1 ,:y %\ld ! poets1 or ev5 ! religion ( ! day1 be limit$ 9 ?is case to monogamy1 :i* has no place else:]e 9 ! ,olympian family8 ,:y %\ld ! reasons1 :i* induc$ ! fram]s ( ! religion to give him a wife at all1 =bid !m absolutely f giv+ him m ?an "o8 ,nay m2 :y1 if ! orig9al object ( ! ,greek m9d 9 ?is m>riage 0 to symbolize ! union ( manual skill & beauty1 & if ! mat]ials ( ! receiv$ my?ology 7 9 a /ate ( gr[? & progress1 might x n happ5 t 9 ! y\? ( ,hom] ,*>is 01 all ?+s consid]$1 suit$ to af=d ! mo/ appropriate means ( repres5t+ ! idea1 & yet t 9 8 lat] age he might am5d 8 own plan1 & make ,v5us ! wife ( ,vulcan1 )\t at all tr\bl+ himself to consid] :at 0 to become ( ! slightly sket*$ image t he _h previ\sly pres5t$ 9 ! ,iliad8 ,i say ?is1 because ! assum$ contradiction ( ^! leg5ds appe>s to me to proce$ ^u ano!r assumption ( a false pr9ciple2 namely1 t1 ?\gh ! my?ology 0 cont9ually *ang+ ) ! progress ( ! c\ntry1 yet ea* poet 0 b\nd1 ev5 9 its second>y & 9 its mo/ poetical p>ts1 to a rigid uni=mity ( /atem5t4 ,no "o1 ,i ?9k1 :o consid]s h[ ! curr5t ( ! really !i/ic & religi\s ideas runs ^u a v few ( ! great] gods1 c fail to see t ) ,hom] ! religi\s mean+ ( 8 ,vulcan1 & ( ! o!r gods ( ! second ord]1 0 v slight4 ,a suffici5t pro( ( ?is may be f\nd 9 ! fact1 t ( no "o ( !m1 except+ ,m]cury alone1 does he m5tion ! actual wor%ip 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,moreov]1 two ?+s may des]ve rem>k ) ref]5ce to ! v>iation :i* makes ,*>is ! wife ( ,vulcan 9 ! ,iliad1 & ,v5us 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,fir/1 f ! plan ( ! ,iliad1 :i* plac$ ,v5us & ,vulcan 9 ! %>pe/ opposition1 ! conjugal relation betwe5 !m w\ld h be51 = t poem1 inadmissible4 ,! ,poet c\ld n h introduc$ ,v5us1 :]e he has introduc$ ,*>is3 & he mu/ ?us h giv5 up a /rik+ly poetical picture1 & "o mo/ descriptive ( ! works ( high art 9 metal4 ,secondly1 x may n be c]ta91 b x is by no means improbable1 t ! wor%ip ( ,v5us may h atta9$ to mu* wid] vogue 9 ,greece :5 ,hom] compos$ ! ,odyssey1 ?an at ! p]iod :5 he gave bir? to ! ,iliad4 ,we h se5 already ! signs t x 0 a rec5t wor%ip4 ,we h se5 x 9 ,cyprus & !n m advanc$ 9 ,cy!ra1 n 9 cont95tal ,greece4 ,n[ x 0 9 ! ,iliad t ,v5us _h ! "n ( ,cypris2 9 ! ,odyssey ?is is ex*ang$ = ,cy!rea3 t is to say1 %e 0 kn[n sometime be=e z a goddess wor%ipp$ 9 ,cyprus & n prop]ly ,greek2 b %e 0 n[1 su* is ! probable con/ruction1 kn[n also z a goddess wor%ipp$ 9 ,cy!ra1 & !re=e become ,greek4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 z well z because ! opposition betwe5 !m _h disappe>$1 %e might ) poetical propriety be made to be> a "* 9 ! ,odyssey1 :i* c\ld n atta* to h] dur+ ! cont9uance ( ! great ,trojan qu>rel4 ,vulcan 9 & out ( 8 art4 ,beyond 8 own function z god ( fire1 & ( metallic art 9 connection ) x1 ,vulcan is nobody4 ,b )9 x he is supreme1 & no deity c rival him 9 8 own k9d4 ,8 animat$ works ( metal are among ! bolde/ figures ( poetry4 ,ev5 8 lam5ess is propp$ by bronze damsels ( 8 own manufacture4 ,& ! lock1 :i* he puts = ,juno on h] *amb]-door1 is "o t n ev5 any o!r deity c op5#dif4 ,b ?is is n s mu* an exemplification ( ! p[] & elevation ( my?ological godhead1 z ( ! skill & exclusive capacity ( a pr(essional p]son 9 8 own art4 #dif ,il4 xiv4 #afh4 ,f9ally1 ! ,vulcan ( ,hom] con=ms 9 all respects to ! inv5tive1 z oppos$ to ! traditional type ( deity4 1 or ! ,sun4 ,! ( ,hom]4 ,9 ! case ( 1 or ! ,sun1 z 9 v>i\s o!rs1 we appe> to see ! curi\s process by :i* ! ,greek my?ology 0 con/ruct$1 n only 9 its f9i%$ result1 b ev5 dur+ ! sev]al /ages ( its progress4 ,x lies be=e u l ! honeycomb 9 ! glass beehive2 & x t5ds /rongly to ! conclusion t ! ,poet is himself ! que5 bee4 ,! ,philosoph] did n !n exi/4 ,! ,prie/1 we "k1 0 n a religi\s tea*]4 ,! ,se] or ,prophet int]pret$ ! ,div9e w only = ! p>ticul> case1 & did n rise to g5]alization4 ,:o 0 x1 !n1 t ga!r$ up ! ?\ghts & arre/$ ! feel+s ( ! g5]al m9d1 & t1 r$uc+ ! crude mat]ial to =m & beauty1 made x a my?ology8 ,! answ] c only be1 t = ! h]oic age x 0 ! ,b>d4 ,9 "s ( ! v>y+ /atem5ts ( ! poems1 :]e o!rs h se5 ! pro( ( v>y+ au?or%ip1 ei!r = ! :ole or = p>ticul> p>ts1 ,i _c b r see ! =mative m9d ex]cis+ its discretion ov] a subject-matt] :]e x 0 z yet supreme3 namely1 ov] t l>ge class ( objects :i* af=d$ fitt+ clay = ! h& ( ! arti/1 b :i* _h n yet become a /amp$ & recognis$ image = popul> v5]ation4 ,9 ! ,*>is1 :o is ! wife ( ,hell5iz+ ,vulcan1 s long z ,v5us is at w> ) ! ,greeks2 9 ! ,w9ds1 :o1 accord+ to ! ,odyssey1 inhabit a bag "u ! cu/ody ( a liv+ p]son1 possibly a mortal1 b :o 9 ! ,iliad beget *ildr51 enjoy banquets1 & receive a cultus2 we f9d ,hom]1 z ,i conceive1 foll[+ ! g5ial fl[ ( 8 ?\ght1 accord+ z 8 subject prompt$ him1 & aw>d+ hon\r & pref]m5t1 or )hold+ x1 z occasion s]v$4 ,p]haps ,m]cury or ,vulcan1 p]haps ev5 ,juno or ,neptune1 may owe him "s advancem5t3 b1 at any rate1 he seems almo/ z di/9ctly to %[ u 9 two diff]5t /ages ( manufacture1 z a sculptor %[s a bu/ 9 8 /udio ?is mon? 9 ! clay1 & next mon? 9 ! m>ble4 ,9 ! ,iliad we f9d ! ,sun p]sonifi$1 ?\gh 9 ! fa9te/ mann]1 & by inf]5ce only4 ,8 (fice ( vision1 :i* he enjoys habitually 9 ! ,odyssey1 & once 9 ! ,iliad#dig1 is insep>ably w$d$ to a liv+ intellig5ce by its comb9ation ) ! function ( he>+4 ,he is address$ z ! #dig ,il4 iii4 #bgg4 '1 ' ' 4 ,n[ poetry may1 "u ! %ield ( cu/om1 make ! ,sun see1 by a figure :i* %all n c>ry ! full consequ5ce ( imp]sonation2 b ! repres5tation1 t he also he>s1 seems necess>ily to involve x4 ,aga91 ,jupit] has decre$1 t ,hector & ! ,trojans %all prevail until ! sett+ sun4 ,aft] t1 !re 0 to be no m ( light or hope = !m4 ,juno desires on ?is acc\nt to close ! day1 & dismisses ! ,sun prematurely to 8 re/4 ,b ?is1 z ! ,poet adds1 0 done aga9/ 8 own w#dih3 #dih ,il4 xviii4 #bci4 ' ' 4 ,^u ! two words1 & 1 re/s1 ,i ?9k1 ! :ole case 9 ! ,iliad = ! ,sun's p]sonality4 ,b 9 ! ,odyssey x is m advanc$ & develop$4 ,9 ! matt] ( ! intrigue ( ,m>s ) ,v5us1 he acts z in=m] to ! husb&1 & subsequ5tly assumes ! "p ( spy#dii4 ,al?\gh ?us able1 h[ev]1 to disc]n :at is pass+ ev5 9 ! secret *amb]s ( ,olympus1 :5 set on gu>d = ! purpose1 he _c see s f> z to ,?r9acia1 any m ?an he c p5etrate ! cl\d :i* envelopes ,jupit] & ,juno#ejj4 #dii ,od4 viii4 #bgj1 #cjb4 #ejj ,il4 xiv4 #cdd4 ,x is f ! ,nymphs1 ,phae?usa & ,lampetie1 :om he _h set to wat*1 t he receives ! intellig5ce ( ! slaught] ( 8 ox5 by ! companions ( ,ulysses 9 _! hung]4 ,he imm$iately addresses ,jupit] & ! assembl$ gods1 9 a passage :i* proves t ,hom] meant to repres5t him z hav+ a place 9 ,olympus1 = only if !re c\ld he speak to !m )\t und]tak+ a j\rney = ! purpose#eja4 ,he makes 8 appeal to !m = retribution2 & he backs 8 application ) ! ?reat t1 unless x is grant$1 he w g d[n to ! ,%ades1 & %9e !re4 ,a m5ace :i* to our e>s may s\nd ludicr\s en\gh2 b x is p]haps well conceiv$ 9 ! case ( a *rysalis deity1 n yet really wor%ipp$ by ! ,greeks3 & !re is a c]ta9 propriety 9 x1 :5 we recollect t on ! way to ! desc5t into ! ,%ades lay 8 place ( re/4 ,he is ! fa!r ( ! ,nymphs1 :o wat* on 8 behalf 9 ,?r9acia2 he is also ! fa!r ( ,circe & etes1 & 8 c\* is at a#ejb4 #eja ,od4 xii4 #cgd-hh4 #ejb ,od4 xii4 #d4 ,dur+ ! "t :5 ! slaught] ( ! ox5 is effect$1 ,ulysses is asleep3 & x seems j possible t ,hom] may by ?is circum/ance h meant to signify t x 0 night :5 ! cata/rophe occurr$1 :i* w\ld save ! dignity ( ?is deity 9 respect to vision4 ,is ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 ,! ,olympian rank ( ! ,sun is cle>2 b !re seem to be ascriptions made to him1 :i* c only be reconcil$ by ! supposition1 9 itself f> f improbable1 t he 0 sep>ately kn[n (1 z an object ( wor%ip1 ?r\gh two diff]5t sets ( traditions2 "o ( !m ref]able to ,pelasgian s\rces1 & entail+ ,trojan sympa?ies1 ! o!r ( an ,hell5ic1 or v probably a ,phnician1 ca/1 & t5d+ to rank him ) ! ,hell5es4 ,= 9 ! ,iliad 8 unwill+ness to set1 :5 8 sett+ 0 to br+ ! glories ( ! ,trojans to an end1 seems v /rongly to imply t he _h a ,pelasgian orig94 ,9 ! ,odyssey1 8 sid+ ) ,vulcan aga9/ ,m>s & ,v5us w\ld %[1 s f> z x goes1 a ,hell5iz+ turn2 b :at is m important is ?is1 t1 z ! fa!r ( ,circe & etes1 ( :om ! latt] be>s ! exclusively ,phnician epi!t 1 & ! =m] has h] abode close by 8 1 or po9t ( ris+1 he is at once ?r[n into ! ,phnician or ! ,p]sian connection4 ,z ! ,sun-wor%ip 0 s g5]al 9 ! ,ea/1 x seems q possible t x might come into ,greece by m *annels ?an "o3 & z ! process ( p]sonification might 9 "o set ( traditions be m1 & 9 ano!r less complete1 we may "h f9d a possible clue to ,hom]'s reason = treat+ x diff]5tly 9 ! two poems4 ,p>ticul>ly z ! poem :]e he is lea/ p]sonal1 ! ,iliad1 is also t :]e he is mo/ ,pelasgian3 = we h f\nd reason to ascribe to ! ,pelasgians less ( lively & creative p[] 9 ! realms ( ! imag9ation1 ?an to ! ,hell5es1 & to su* races z _h /rong] aff9ities ) !m4 ,s di/9ct is ! ,sun f ,apollo 9 ! ,odyssey1 t !y appe> z sep>ate dramatis p]son 9 ! ,lay ( ,demodocus4 ,yet !re are "s lat5t signs ( sympa?y betwe5 !m4 ,apollo t5ds ! ox5 ( ,laom$on3 ! ,sun delights1 morn+ & ev5+1 9 8 own ox5 9 ,?r9acie4 ,x is difficult to avoid suppos+ "s k9d ( relation to be convey$ by ,hom] betwe5 ! rays ( ! sun1 & ! arr[s ( ,apollo 9 ! ,plague4 ,! ext5sion ( 8 sympa?ies to bo? races is ano!r sign ( resemblance4 ,aga91 we h a promise f ,eurylo*us1 "o ( ! crew ( ,ulysses1 to build a temple to ! ,sun ^u 8 safe return to ,i?aca#ejc4 ,n[ we h se5 t ! only in/ances ( temples1 :i* we c c]ta9ly decl>e to be nam$ 9 ! poems1 are temples ei!r ( ,m9]va or ( ,apollo4 ,?us ?is v[ ( ,eurylo*us looks l ano!r anticipation ( ! subsequ5t absorption ( ! ,sun into ! p]son & deity ( ,apollo3 & on ! :ole1 we are left to inf] t beg9n+s ( t process may h be5 already visible4 ,hom]1 p]haps1 did n c>e to advance x4 ,at lea/1 x does n appe> to me t ei!r he or 8 nation 7 fri5dly to ! conception ( m]e elem5tal gods4 ,gods :o preside ov] ext]nal nature he pres5ts to u 9 abundance2 b gods1 :o are ! m]e organs ( ext]nal nature1 are ali5 to ! ,greek g5ius z c&idates = ! high] po/s1 & are relegat$ to subord9ate places 9 ! sy/em4 ,only ,vulcan & ,c]es really appe> ) him to be> decisively ! /amp ( ?is "*3 & bo? ( !m seem z if !y 7 already 9 "p deta*$ f x1 & develop+ 9 ano!r direction4 ,= 9 ,vulcan ! human faculty ( skill already pr$om9ates ov] fire1 & ,c]es imp]sonates ! vegetable product ( ,e>?1 & n ! m]e dead mass4 #ejc ,od4 xii4 #cde4 ,! connection ( ! ,sun ) ,pelasgian traditions accord+ to ! ,egyptian type is1 ,i ?9k1 /rongly signifi$ by ! leg5d ( ! ox5 & %eep1 9 :i* he takes s mu* delight4 ,9 ! "t ( ,hom] he 01 z x 71 a probation] 9 ! ( ! ,grecian gods4 ,! ma9 facts be=e u are simply ^!3 fir/1 8 un=m$ sep>ate /ate at t epo*2 secondly1 8 absorption 9 ,apollo4 ,! lesson taught by bo? is ! repugnance ( ! ,greeks to m]e ,nature-wor%ip4 ,! signification ( ! second1 9 p>ticul>1 appe>s to be ?is1 t z c\ld n /& alone1 & ne$$ to be absorb$1 s he c\ld f9d no place = 8 absorption s fitt+ z 9 t deity1 ( :om1 z well z ( ! m v5]able traditions t he repres5t$1 brightness 0 an insep>able & orig9al *>act]i/ic4 ,8 incorporation ) ,apollo4 ,9 ?is view1 ! my?ological absorption ( ! ,sun 9 ,apollo is a mo/ /rik+ trait ( ! anci5t my?ology3 & x ev5 recalls to m9d t sublime repres5tation ( ! ,prophet1 #8,! sun %all be no m ?y light by day1 nei!r = brightness %all ! moon give light unto !e2 b ! ,"l %all be unto !e an ev]la/+ light1 & ?y ,god ?y glory#ejd4' #ejd ,isaiah lx3 comp>e ,rev4 xxi4 #bc4 ,dionysus or ,bac*us4 ,! ,dionysus ( ,hom]4 ,! ,dionysus ( ,hom]1 or ,bac*us1 has all ! m>ks ( a deity1 ^: "n & wor%ip 7 ( rec5t introduction into ,greece1 & 7 n yet fully e/abli%$ !re2 :ile 9 connection ) ! ,trojans we h no notice ( him :atev]4 ,! ea/]n orig9 ( ?is god seems 9 an unusual degree to h be5 rememb]$ 9 ! lat] popul> tradition3 & f ! slight ,hom]ic notices we may f9d confirmation = ! common idea2 inasmu* z ! poems appe> bo? to m>k him z n orig9ally ,greek nor ,pelasgian1 & likewise r fa9tly to connect him ) ! ,phnicians4 ,8 fa!r 0 ,jupit]1 & 8 "m ,semele4 ,h] "n occurs 9 a ,catalogue1 ( :i* ! fir/ "p is compos$ ( wom51 ! second ( goddesses2 %e appe>s among ! wom54 ,! l9es1 9 :i* %e is m5tion$ may be r5d]$1 #8nor :5 7,i 0 enam\r$7 ( ,semele1 nor 7:57 ( ,alcm5e1 9 ,!bes2 & ,alcm5e _h /\t-he>t$ ,h]cules = h] son1 b ,semele bore ,dionysus1 joy ( m54' ,^! words appe> probably to mean t ,semele1 z well z ,alcm5e1 0 9 ,!bes3 & ?is supports ! po/-,hom]ic1 b anci5t1 tradition ( ! hymn to ,bac*us#eje1 :i* makes ,semele ! daught] ( ,cadmus4 ,n[1 ,cadmus1 accord+ to e reasonable presumption1 0 ,phnician4 ,we h ?us a fix$ *ronological epo*1 to :i* ! god 0 junior4 ,t is1 we h a p]iod fix$1 :i* may be call$ hi/orical1 :5 8 "n & wor%ip _h n yet be5 br\ght into ,greece4 #eje ,v]4 #eg4 ,! only note t we possess ( ! wor%ip ( ,dionysus1 z "o e/abli%$ 9 ,hom]'s "t among ! ,greeks1 is 9 ! obscure allusion ( ! ,elev5? ,odyssey to ,ariadne#ejf1 :o 0 put to dea? by ,diana 9 ! isl& ( ,dia1 on h] way f ,crete to ,a!ns1 at ! in/ance ( ,dionysus1 4 ,! mo/ probable int]pretation ( ?is passage seems to be1 t ,!seus1 :5 on 8 voyage1 l&$ ) ,ariadne 9 ,dia to consummate ! m>riage1 j z ,p>is#ejg1 on 8 way f ,sp>ta1 l&$ 9 ,cranae ) ,hel53 b t1 s9ce ! isl& 0 d$icat$ to ,dionysus1 ?is 0 puni%$ z a desecration4 #ejf ,od4 xi4 #cbb-e4 #ejg ,il4 iii4 #dde4 ,we ?us see ,dionysus tak+ root = ! fir/ "t ^u ! natural l9e ( communication1 namely t by ! isl&s1 betwe5 ,phnicia & ,greece3 & 8 possession ( ?is isl& is 9 h>mony ) ! tradition ( ! ,hymn1 :i* repres5ts him z hav+ fir/ be5 se5 ^u ! sea-%ore#ejh4 #ejh ,hymn4 ad ,bac*4 v4 #b4 ,9 ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,odyssey we are told t ,!tis suppli$ ! ,greeks ) a gild$ urn1 9 :i* to /ore ! a%es ( ,a*illes1 toge!r ) w9e & "s ungu5t1 probably fat4 ,! passage to :i* ^! v]ses belong is p]haps ! lea/ tru/wor?y 9 ! poems3 nor is x 9 complete agreem5t ) ! ,iliad1 :i* m5tions fat only z us$ on ! occasion4 ,b ,i ref] to x because x is /at$ !re1 t ?is urn 0 report$ by ,!tis to be ! "w ( ,vulcan1 & also to be ! gift ( ,dionysus#eji4 ,h] possession ( a gift f him is 9 h>mony ) ,il4 v4 #acf1 :i* repres5ts h] z hav+ %elt]$ him1 :51 ?r\gh fe>1 he plung$ into ! sea3 :ile 8 possession ( a "w ( art 9 metal is be/ expla9$ by ! supposition t ,hom] reg>d$ him z a ,phnician deity1 s9ce x 0 f t race t su* productions 7 commonly1 ?\gh we _c say exclusively1 d]iv$4 #eji ,od4 xxiv4 #gd4 ,x is n difficult to und]/& :y1 z ! god ( w9e & inebriety1 ,dionysus does n appe> 9 ! !ote*ny ( ! ,iliad2 b x w\ld seem t ! fea/s ( ! dissolute ,suitors 9 ! ,odyssey af=d$ a s]ies ( occasions1 ^u any ( :i* ! m5tion ( 8 "n w\ld h be5 highly suitable4 ,we may p]haps ev5 say t x c\ld h>dly h be5 omitt$1 if 8 wor%ip _h be5 g5]al & famili> 9 ! c\ntry4 ,aga91 ,dionysus is n[h]e m5tion$ 9 connection ) ,olympus4 ,! rema9+ ,hom]ic notice ( ?is deity :i* is also ! mo/ curi\s1 su/a9s :at has already be5 advanc$4 ,! ,arcadian k+1 ,lycoorgus1 sc\rg$1 & pursu$ ov] ! hill ,nyseion1 ! 1 ! nurses ( ! frantic ,bac*us2 !y 9 dismay ca/ d[n _! v9e bran*es 771 :ile he plung$ into ! sea1 & ,!tis gave him refuge#eaj4 ,jupit]1 9 retribution1 /ruck ,lycoorgus bl9d1 & cut %ort 8 days4 ,:atev] explanation may be adopt$ ( its details1 ?is leg5d seems to signify1 beyond all d\bt1 t "s =ty or fifty ye>s be=e ! ,troica 7= ,lycoorgus 0 contempor>y ) ! y\? ( ,ne/or#eaa71 ! introduction ( ! drunk5 wor%ip ( ,bac*us 0 resi/$ by ! ,pelasgians ( ,arcadia1 & 0 = a "t1 at lea/1 expell$ by !m4 ,! m5tion ( ,dionysus z a *ild probably imports a fur!r ref]5ce to ! rec5cy ( 8 wor%ip3 & !re is some?+ rem>kable & significant 9 ?is app>5t comm5cem5t ( viol5t opposition to x at ! po9t :5 wom5 7 beg9n+ to be corrupt$ by excess ( liquor4 #eaj ,il4 vi4 #acj-dj4 #eaa ,il4 vi4 #acb4 ,ev5 ! lat] tradition ( ,hesiod1 :i* makes ,dionysus ! husb& ( ,ariadne1 by ?us giv+ him a ,phnician connection1 s f> su/a9s 8 ,phnician orig9#eab4 #eab ,hes4 ,!og4 #idg4 ,dionysus is ( ! l[e/ inv5tive type4 ,z ,dionysus is "o ( ! mo/ rec5t ( ! ,hom]ic deities1 s likewise is he "o ( ! mo/ purely hea!ni%#eac4 ,he has n1 ev5 9 ,hom]1 a div9e mat]nity assign$ to him1 & he is ! only "o ( ! ,hom]ic deities :o /&s 9 ?is pr$icam5t#ead4 ,! anomaly 0 felt & provid$ =1 9 ! lat] traditions at lea/1 by ! deification ( ,semele aft] dea?4 ,b p]haps ano!r mode ( /atem5t may be adopt$4 ,z x is evid5t t ! orig9al tradition made him ! son ( a woman1 & z all ^? ) :om he is class$ 9 ,hom] are probably hi/orical p]sonages1 x seems possible t he may h be5 "o ( our own race1 ^: discov]y or ext5sion ( ! use ( w9e may1 by its rapid & p[]ful effect ^u ! c\ntries :i* x _h rea*$1 h l$ to 8 adoption into ! ord] ( ! ,immortals1 by a process m rapid ?an took place 9 ! case ( ,h]cules or any o!r p]son4 ,^u ?is supposition1 he /&s altoge!r alone among ! gods ( ,hom]4 ,b1 be ?is z x may1 he is1 :5 consid]$ 9 ! capacity ( a deity1 ! repres5tation ( an animal in/9ct 9 its /ate ( gross excess1 & ( no?+ m4 ,he is ! god ( drunk5ness1 z ,m>s is ! god ( viol5ce1 & ,v5us ! goddess ( lu/3 & !re are no ?ree o!r deities1 f :om ,hom] has s rem>kably )held all signs ( 8 rev]5ce4 #eac ,dll+]1 ,heid4 u4 ,jud4 p4 #hj4 #ead ,see ! acc\nts ( ,p9d>1 ,pausanias1 & ,apollodorus4 ,?\gh ,i /ate ?is z an hi/orical possibility1 ,i ?9k x is c]ta9 t1 accord+ to ! ,poet1 ,dionysus 0 f 8 bir? "o ( ! ,immortals3 b x is also v d\btful :e!r he 0 "o1 to :om a place belong$ 9 ! small] ,olympian ,assembly4 ,ev5 9 lat] times1 he 0 n "o ( ! ,dii ,majores3 & 8 be+ ! son ( a mortal 9 ,hom] w\ld t5d to make x probable t he 0 n inve/$ by ! ,poet ) ,olympian dignity4 ,aga91 he is only f\r times m5tion$ 9 ! :ole ( ! poems2 nor is a s+le act ( 8 manhood record$1 except 8 in=mation aga9/ ,ariadne4 ,t in=mation seems to imply1 t a kn[n ,greek isl& 0 sacr$ to him2 & x 0 foll[$ by ! dea? ( ,ariadne "u ! d>ts ( ,diana4 ,^! circum/ances may p]haps raise a presumption ( 8 ,olympian rank1 equal to ! adv]se "o :i* has be5 /at$ above4 ,s f> z ?is inquiry is conc]n$1 ! "q mu/ rema9 unsolv$4 ,b little ( int]e/ c atta* to ^!1 ! %ameful p>ts ( ! ,greek my?ology1 :i* boa/1 z if x 7 our /r5g?1 ( :at c sc>cely be excus$ z our weakness1 & :i* treat our %ame z our joy4 ,! real po9t ( int]e/ is to le>n :e!r !re 0 a "t :5 man1 ev5 ?\gh he _h lo/ ! cle> view ( ! guid+ h& f above1 yet revolt$ aga9/1 or _h n become famili> )1 ! deification ( vici\s passion4 ,& we seem to f9d ! note ( su* a "t 9 ,hom]4 ,only "o laudatory phrase is appli$ ?r\gh\t ! poems to ,dionysus2 x is ! 1 & ^! words are n ! s5tim5t ( ! ,poet1 or ( any "* t repres5ts 8 m9d2 !y are put into ! m\? ( ,jupit]1 :5 he is speak+ "u a p>oxysm ( s5sual passion4 ,i h n adv]t$ to ! tradition :i* places ! ,lycoorgus ( ,il4 vi4 9 ,?race1 b h simply foll[$ :at appe>s to be ! sugge/ion ( ! ,hom]ic text4 ,,sect4 ,,iv4 ,! ,composition ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt3 & ! ,classification ( ! :ole ,sup]natural ,ord] 9 ,hom]4 ,9 ! full ,olympian ,assembly1 or ,great ,*apt] ( ! ,immortals1 we f9d a collection ( deities1 :o are respectively ! repres5tatives1 9 ! ma91 ( ,elem5tal ,p[]s1 ( ,human ,passions or ,ideas1 & ( ,hi/orical ,traditions1 ei!r s+le or int]mix$4 ,among ! simple examples1 we may cite ! ,riv]s & ,nymphs = ! fir/1 ,m>s & ,v5us = ! second1 ! goddess ,!mis = ! ?ird1 ,latona & ,iris = ! la/4 ,9 ,jupit]1 ! *ief ( all1 ^! elem5ts are bl5d$ toge!r4 ,pr9cipal cases ( exclusion f ,olympus4 ,b we mu/ also consid] ^? :o d n appe> 9 ,olympus1 & :y !y are exclud$4 ,if1 z is p]haps ! case1 ,aidoneus & ,p]sephone are n !re1 x is because ( ! sep>at5ess ( _! "w1 & ! remot5ess ( _! k+dom4 ,!y _h s]vants1 gu>ds1 & a judge1 9 %ort1 a sort ( polity ( _! own4 ,atlas1 ,proteus1 ,calypso1 ,circe1 & ! o!r purely local deities1 s f> z we "k1 are n !re2 probably because !y d n ent] into ! national religion1 b are little m ?an conv5i5t symbols#eae ( geographical po9ts kn[n or conceiv$ ?r\gh m>itime1 t is1 )\t d\bt1 ?r\gh ,phnician report4 ,aga91 we d n he> 9 ,olympus ( ,de/9y1 ,sleep1 ,night1 ,dream1 ,t]ror1 ,panic1 ,upro>1 & ! re/2 probably because ^! _h n atta9$ to practical imp]sonation 9 ! religion ( ! p1 b 7 m]ely objects ( ! poetical faculty4 ,s likewise ) respect to ! ,w9ds1 :o /& z receiv]s ( wor%ip & sacrifice 9 ,il4 xxiii4 #aie4 ,! diff]5t treatm5t :i* !y receive 9 ! ,iliad & ,odyssey1 l _! non-appe>ance 9 ! ,great ,*apt]#eaf ( ,olympus1 unless ref]able to ! peculi>ities ( ! ,out] ,geography1 %[s t !y _h n a develop$ & e/abli%$ godhead1 b might be dealt ) by ! ,poet at 8 w4 ,9 ^! imp]fect imp]sonations1 x has be5 well obs]v$1 sometimes ! m]e elem5tal p[]1 sometimes ! sup]9duc$ p]sonality prevails4 ,aga91 ! temptress1 & ! av5g]s1 might /& exclud$1 bo? on ! same gr\nd ( inadequate imp]sonation1 & on o!r gr\nds4 ,n]eus & ! purely elem5tal deities ( ! sea are n summon$ to ! ,assembly1 app>5tly because he too _h 8 own subm>9e palace4 ,x answ]$ to ,olympus2 & "h he sat 9 /ate amid/ 8 num]\s ,c\rt ( ,nymphs4 ,ev5 ,!tis 0 fet*$ f !nce to att5d ! la/ ,assembly ( ! gods 9 ! ,tw5ty-,f\r? ,iliad4 & are n 9 ! div9e meet+s1 fir/ly1 because he1 probably ) h] z 8 reflect$ image1 is p5ally conf9$ 9 ,t>t>us2 b secondly1 because1 ! fir/ repres5t+ ,"t1 & ! second ,matt]1 !y are ! prim>y ideas 9 ! metaphysical ord]1 :i* compreh5d$ all o!rs1 & f :i* all o!rs 7 d]ivative4 ,& z !y /ood 9 ! metaphysical nexus ( ideas1 s /ood ,oceanus & 8 fem99e1 ,te?ys1 9 ! t]re/rial ord]2 :]e ,oceanus 0 ! all-inclos+1 all-conta9+2 ! ,=m1 )9 :i* e t]re/rial exi/5ce 0 ca/1 & beyond :i* ev5 ,?\ght c\ld n pass4 ,h5ce ! curi\s & m>k$ exception ( him f ! summons ( ,!mis to ! ,great ,assembly ( ! ,tw5tie? ,book#eag4 #eae ,ngelsba*1 ii4 #i4 #eaf ,il4 xx4 #d-i4 #eag ,il4 xx4 #g4 1 ' 1 ' 4 ,he is ! fa!r ( ! riv]s1 & ! fe$] ( ! ,sea4 ,ev5 ( ! gods he is ! #8,g5esis1' p]haps z _! physical s\rce1 or z af=d+ mat]ial = _! =mation2 p]haps z ! out] b& ( t _w to :i* !y belong1 z mu* z we d1 & outside ( :i* !re 0 no attempt to conceive !m z exi/+4 ,la/ly1 x is p]haps because ,hom] meant to assign to ,oceanus & ,te?ys ! actual fir/ p>5tage ( ! gods4 ,?is supposition is fav\r$ by ! fact t ,juno applies ! "n #eah to ,te?ys1 9 a connection :i* may make x equival5t to #8our ,"m ,te?ys4' #eah ,il4 xiv4 #bja4 ,x is cle>ly on a pr9ciple t ,oceanus is n summon$ to ,olympus1 & n f m]e defect or immaturity ( p]sonality4 ,= 9 conjunction ) 8 wife ,te?ys1 he took ov] ! infant ,juno f ,rhea1 at ! "t :5 !re 0 tr\ble betwe5 ,jupit] & 8 fa!r2 & aft]w>ds he re>$ ! *ild 9 8 own doma94 ,he c be lull$ into slumb] by l any o!r deity3 he has a daught]1 ,eurynome#eai3 & he is capable ( conjugal qu>rels#ebj4 #eai ,il4 xviii4 #cih4 #ebj ,il4 xiv4 #bjj4 seqq4 #bde4 ,aga91 ,ocean is wat]1 & ,oceanus is ! fa!r ( all ! ,riv]s3 b yet he 0 n includ$ 9 ! great lott]y :i* divid$ ! _w betwe5 ! ,kronid bro!rs4 ,?is %[s u afre%1 t he is outside & indep5d5t ( _! rule3 he =ms ! framework ( ! visible creation1 :ile !y are p>ts ( ! picture t is )9 ! framework4 ,! same ?+ is true ( & 9 ! metaphysical ord]4 ,!y repres5t ant]ior conditions ( ?\ght & ( exi/5ce to all o!r ,be+s1 human & div9e4 ,_! p]sonality is e/abli%$2 b x is1 ev5 m ?an t ( ,oceanus1 9 abeyance3 = ,oceanus is at lea/ ev]-fl[+1 :ile ,"t1 & ,space1 or ,matt]1 are ) ,hom] :olly passionless1 mute1 & /ill4 ,:5 once ! ,kronid family has be5 br\ght into exi/5ce1 & ! attempt ( ,"t to impose ! law ( dea? on ,deity has be5 put d[n by ,jupit]1 !n ! imp]sonations are virtually )drawn f him & 8 p>tn]1 & !y relapse into ! torpid /ate ( purely ab/ract ideas4 ,! ,elem5tal ,p[]s h n[h]e :at may be call$ a /rong position 9 ,hom]1 except 9 ! invocations ( solemn swe>+2 :]e !y give =ce to ! ,oa?1 because !y are ! av5g]s ( p]jury4 ,?us _! connection is n ) deity 9 g5]al1 b ) t ne!r _w1 :i* ! ideas ( mank9d h always associat$ ) ! l[] p>ts ( ! ,e>?#eba4 #eba ,il4 iii4 #bgf-h4 xix4 #beh-fj4 ,ev5 on gr\nds l>g] ?an ^? d]iv$ f a p>ticul> phrase1 x may be probable1 t we ought to consid] ,oceanus z ! ,hom]ic p>5t ( all ! deities1 & includ$4 ,to a /ate ( ! human m9d n yet famili> ) ab/ractions1 ,"t & ,place1 imp]fectly conceiv$1 might be m limit$1 less compreh5sive1 ?an ! great all-infold+ ,ocean1 :i* encircl$ & wrapp$ 9 ! _w4 ,& 9 ?is conception !re may lie hid ! embryo ( :at aft]w>ds grew into ! aqu>ian cosmogony1 a sy/em :i* appe>s n to be )\t support f o!r passages ( ! poem1 especially f ! v curi\s v]se 7,il4 vii4 #ii71 ' 4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ?is idea 0 really 9 ! m9d ( ! ,poet1 /ill we %\ld consid] x z hav+ be5 ) him an in/9ct r ?an a !ory4 ,d majores ( ! lat] tradition4 ,! ,olympian deities ( ,pagan antiquity are commonly repres5t$ z twelve 9 numb]2 & ! names are #a4 ,jupit]4 #b4 ,juno4 #c4 ,neptune4 #d4 ,m9]va1 or ,pallas ,a!ne4 #e4 ,phbus ,apollo4 #f4 ,diana4 #g4 ,m]cury4 #h4 ,hi/ie1 or ,ve/a4 #i4 ,m>s4 #aj4 ,v5us4 #aa4 ,vulcan4 #ab4 ,c]es4 ,b ,hom] kn[s no?+ ( ?is numb] or arrangem5t ( ! gods2 or ( ! di/9ction betwe5 ,dii majores & ,dii m9ores4 ,nor does he enable u ) precision to sub/itute any o!r numb] = x4 ,he gives u1 h[ev]1 8 idea1 at lea/ by approximation1 ( ! numb] ( ! ,olympian gods4 ,= :5 ,!tis visits ,vulcan1 to obta9 new arm\r = ,a*illes1 %e f9ds ! deity at "w ^u tw5ty #ebb1 to /& r\nd ! wall ( ! well-built hall1 :i* he is c>efully fitt+ ) :eels1 9 ord] t !y may automatically take _! places 9 ! assembly ( ! gods4 ,:atev] ^! be1 ! numb] is probably meant to correspond ) t ( ! ord9>y ,olympian meet+ = fe/ivity or delib]ation4 ,!y are commonly suppos$ to be b[ls or vessels = w9e set on ?ree-legg$ /&s2 b !re are two reasons1 sugge/$ by ! language ( ! passage1 :i* seem to recomm5d our und]/&+ ! ^w to mean seats1 su* z t ( ! prie/ess ( ,apollo at ,delphi3 "o is1 _! be+ int5d$ to /& ar\nd ! ap>tm5t1 along ! wall3 & ! o!r is1 t !y 7 to place !mselves = ! div9e assembly#ebc2 #ebb ,il4 xviii4 #cgc4 #ebc ,il4 xviii4 #cgf4 ' 1 ' 4 ,?is idea ( ! great b[ls plac+ !mselves1 "o app>5tly = ea* deity to draw f1 does n correspond ) ! classical repres5tation ( ! cupbe>] fill+ ! cup ( ea*1 z he moves f ! left t[>ds ! "r4 ,nor does ! ^w seem to be suitable = a m]ely convivial meet+3 & we ought1 ,i presume1 to consid] ! meet+s on ,olympus z 9 !ory political c\ncils = ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 only reliev$ by meat & dr9k4 ,if we take z signify+ ! seats1 x has ( c\rse a ref]5ce to ! numb] ( gods :o con/itut$ ! ord9>y ,olympian family2 a ref]5ce :i* inde$ x may probably h1 ev5 if ! o!r signification be pref]r$4 ,& ! text ( ! poems af=ds suffici5t evid5ce1 t tw5ty 0 ab\t ! numb] ( ! ,olympian gods ( ,jupit]4 ,deities ( ,olympian rank 9 ,hom]4 ,( ! ,olympian twelve recognis$ 9 lat] times1 all1 except ,ve/a & ,c]es1 mu/ at once & indubitably be pron\nc$ ,olympian 9 ,hom]4 ,= all take "p 9 ! ,trojan w>1 & likewise make _! appe>ance 9 ,olympus4 ,?us we h t5 ,olympian deities ( ,hom] already asc]ta9$4 ,& !re are sev]al o!rs :om we c h no d\bt 9 add+ to ! li/4 ,^! we w proce$ to consid]3 #a4 ,latona is cle>ly ,olympian2 f h] great dignity z an unque/ion$ wife ( ,jupit] 7 1 ,il4 xxi4 #dii72 & f ! fact t h] position entitl$ h] to take a side 9 ! ,trojan w>1 :]e none b ,olympian deities 7 engag$1 ) ! s+le exception ( ! =midable local p[]1 ,xan?us or ,scam&]4 ,ano!r reason is1 because ! title ( ,dione1 z we %all see1 is cle>2 :o is a deity 9 "s respects simil>1 b decid$ly inf]ior1 to ,latona4 #b4 ,dione ! "m ( ,v5us is 9 ! same ord]4 ,= %e receives h] *ild1 :5 %e repairs w\nd$ to ,olympus1 & 9 h] spee* ( consolation di/9ctly describes h]self z "o ( ! ' 1 ,il4 v4 #chc4 ,%e is call$ 9 ?is passage 3 a title twice giv5 to ,m9]va1 b also1 sometimes1 to v second>y deities1 su* z ,calypso & ,circe4 ,ei!r z insignificant1 or possibly z be+ =eign & n suffici5tly naturaliz$1 %e f9ds no place 9 ! ,catalogue ( ,mo!rs 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad4 #c4 ,iris1 ! mess5g]-goddess4 ,! gr\nds ( h] title may be f\nd among ! rem>ks ^u ?is deity#ebd4 #ebd ,see sup4 p4 #aef4 #d4 ,!mis1 al?\gh n a p>ty 9 ! w>1 has ! (fice ( ,pursuivant or ,summon] to ! ,olympian ,assembly3 & h] ord9>y pres5ce !re is di/9ctly prov$ by ! ,fifte5? ,iliad1 :]e %e is ! fir/ to welcome ,juno on h] entrance into ! circle4 #e4 ,x w be se5 f a brief /atem5t else:]e relat+ to ,aidoneus or ,aides1 t he is cle>ly ( ,olympian rank & "*4 #f4 ,next to ,aidoneus1 we may take ! claim ( ,hebe4 ,%e is n inde$ an important1 nor a v prom95t1 p]son 9 ! poems3 b !re is no room = d\bt z to h] ,olympian dignity4 ,we f9d h] (ficiat+ z cupbe>] 9 ! ,olympian ,c\rt ( ! ,f\r? ,iliad4 ,h] connection ) ,olympus is fur!r e/abli%$ by h] assi/+ ,juno 9 ! prep>ation ( h] *>iot3 & by h] assi/+ ,m>s 9 ! ba?1 :5 t deity has betak5 himself into ! pres5ce ( ,jupit]1 to compla9 ( 8 w\nd4 ,aga91 h] p]sonality is q cle>4 ,nor c h] div9ity be que/ion$4 ,%e is pron\nc$ 9 ! ,elev5? ,odyssey to be ! daught] ( ,jupit] & ,"h4 ,! v]se is suspect$2 b ! suspicion itself may be suspect$ 9 its turn4 ,fur!r1 ! case re/s n on ! p>ticul> acc\nt giv5 ( h] p>5tage1 b1 9 connection ) ! context1 on h] appe>+ z ! wife ( ,h]cules at all4 ,nor is %e any:]e connect$ ) ! idea ( a mortal orig9#ebe4 #ebe ,il4 iv4 #b4 v4 #gba1 #ije4 ,od4 xi4 #fjc4 #g4 ,a second div9ity ( some:at simil> rank is ,paieon4 ,on two occasions1 he heals 9 ,olympus ! w\nds ( deities2 fir/ ( ,aidoneus1 !n ( ,m>s4 ,he is summon$ to ! ex]cise ( 8 function z a p]son )9 call1 & habitually pres5t !re4 ,aft] ! rebuke ( ,jupit] to ,m>s1 ! l9e t foll[s is#ebf1 #ebf ,il4 v4 #hii4 1 ' 4 ,!re is no d\bt !re=e ei!r ( 8 p]sonal1 or ( 8 ,olympian "*2 & none b div9e p]sons are capable ( be>+ ! ,olympian (fices4 ,ganym$e1 = in/ance1 ?\gh c>ri$ up to dwell among ! ,immortals 9 ord] to p\r out w9e1 has no function assign$ to him 9 ! poems4 ,! ,egyptians1 inde$1 are /at$ to be ( ! race ( ,paieon#ebg2 b we mu/ probably und]/& ?is ) respect to _! royal family1 j z ! same ?+ is said ( ! ,phacians ) respect to ,neptune1 because _! k+ly h\se _h sprung f him#ebh4 ,9 ! lat] my?ology he appe>s to be absorb$1 l ! ,sun1 9 ,apollo2 b 9 ! ,hom]ic poems !re is no confusion1 or approa* to confusion1 ( ! p]sons4 ,paieon has ! relation to ,apollo ) respect to surg]y or m$ic9e1 :i* ,vulcan has to ,m9]va ) respect to manual art3 &1 app>5tly by a mixture ( di/9ct traditions1 he is also connect$ ) ,apollo1 by be+ ! synonyme = ! hymn ( victory1 ( :i* ,apollo is d\btless suppos$ to be 9 a peculi> mann] ! giv]4 #ebg ,od4 iv4 #bcb4 #ebh ,od4 xiii4 #acj4 ,to all ^! deities ! poems appe> to give a title to seats 9 ,olympus1 unque/ionable z well z direct4 ,by a some:at less cle> & simple process1 we may1 ,i ?9k1 arrive at a simil> conclusion z to ! views ( ,hom] reg>d+ two o!r deities4 #h4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is ,demet]1 or ,c]es1 ^: ,olympian rank is consid]$1 & ,i ?9k e/abli%$1 9 ! rem>ks else:]e ^u h] individual div9ity#ebi4 #ebi ,see sup4 sect4 iii4 p4 #bae4 #i4 ,! second is 1 ! ,sun4 ,8 %>e 9 ! episode ( ,m>s & ,v5us#ecj does n inde$ absolutely imply 8 resid+ on ,olympus4 ,b ?is is cle>ly involv$ 9 ! acc\nt ( 8 receiv+ ! intellig5ce1 t 8 ox5 _h be5 consum$ by ! companions ( ,ulysses4 ,=1 ^u he>+ x1 he in/antly proce$s to address ! company ( ! ,immortals assembl$ !re#eca1 & is answ]$ by ,jupit]4 ,he mu/ !re=e unque/ionably /& z "o ( ! ,olympian gods ( ,hom]4 #ecj ,od4 viii4 #bgj1 #cjb4 #eca ,od4 xii4 #cgd-hh4 ,!re are b ?ree o!r p]sonages nam$ 9 ,hom]1 ) respect to :om !re is room = ! supposition1 t he may h int5d$ !m to rank z ,olympian deities4 ,!y are ,dionysus1 ,p]sephone1 & ,eris4 ,= ,hi/ie1 or ,ve/a1 is s entirely want+ 9 p]sonality1 t %e _c possibly belong to t ord]4 ,%e is invok$ inde$ 9 company ) ,jupit]2 b ) ^! two is likewise comb9$ ! 1 ! table ( hospitality4 ,9 ! hymn to ,v5us#ecb %e has become fully p]sonifi$1 & is celebrat$ z ! elde/ ( ! daught]s ( 4 ,b ?is imag]y probably belongs to a diff]5t /age ( ,greek society & ,greek poetry4 #ecb ,hymn4 v4 #bb4 #a4 #b4 ,! case ( ,dionysus & t ( ,p]sephone1 v diff]5t1 b bo? on ?is po9t d\btful1 h be5 /at$ else:]e#ecc4 #ecc ,see sect4 iii4 pp4 #bfi1 & #bbc4 ,! ,eris ( ,hom]4 #c4 ,! case ( ,eris is diff]5t4 ,%e is ! si/] & also ! mi/ress ( ,m>s#ecd4 ,& 9 ! fi]ce battle ( ! ,elev5? ,book1 ,eris alone is pres5t to enjoy x1 :ile all ! o!r deities1 inhibit$ f action by ,jupit]1 h betak5 !mselves to _! sev]al abodes on ,olympus4 #ecd ,il4 iv4 #ddj4 ,aga91 ,jupit] s5ds h] d[n to ! camp at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,elev5? ,iliad1 :]e %e /&s on ! %ip ( ,ulysses1 & raises a mighty %\t to /ir up ! ,greeks = ! conte/#ece4 ,! ^w is1 inde$1 ! common & e/abli%$ ^w = /rife 9 ,hom]1 & x is appli$ ev5 to ! conflict ( ! gods#ecf1 4 ,b ?is use ( x is probably to be comp>$ ) t ( = a spe>1 & ( 79 lat] ,greek7 = ! s5sual function ( t deity4 ,%e is1 on ! :ole1 less a figure ?an a p]son1 ?\gh /&+ ^u ! bord] betwe5 ! two respectively2 & ?\gh1 z %e nev] actually p]=ms :at may be call$ a p]sonal action1 %e is only by a few degrees remov$ f ! family ( ,t]ror1 ,d91 ,panic1 & ! re/4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 1 z he is ! son ( ,m>s#ecg1 & att5ds him 9 fight aga9/ ! ,ephyri1 is z di/9ctly p]sonifi$ z ,eris 9 "o passage2 b ! effect ( x is neutraliz$ by o!rs1 :]e he passes into %e] figure4 ,%e rejoices 9 see+ ! slaught]#ech wr\ght 9 battle3 & an int5se eag]ness is imput$ to h]#eci1 ( c\rse mean+ an eag]ness = blood4 #ece ,il4 xi4 #c4 #ecf ,il4 xx4 #ff4 #ecg ,il4 xiii4 #bii4 #ech ,il4 xi4 #gd4 #eci ,il4 iv4 #ddj4 ,b ano!r =m ( ?is deity is probably exhibit$ to u "u ano!r "n1 t ( ! 4 ,enuo is m5tion$ toge!r ) ,pallas z be+ a w>like deity1 9 contra/ ) ! effem9ate ,v5us#edj3 & %e leads ! ,trojans to ! fight 9 conc]t ) ,m>s3 b :ile he has a huge spe> 9 8 h&s1 %e holds or leads1 in/ead1 ano!r =m m %ad[y ?an h] own1 t ( or ,tumult4 ,yet ! mode 9 :i* %e is jo9$ ) ,pallas proves h] imp]sonation4 ,! fundam5tal id5tity ( h] "n ) 1 ! second "n ( ,m>s1 & h] jo9+ him 9 lead+ on ! ,trojans1 place h] 9 "s v close relation to him3 & t close relation _c well be o!r ?an ! tw(old "o ( si/] & mi/ress1 :i* _h be5 assign$ to 4 #edj ,il4 v4 #ccc1 #eib4 ,:5 x is said1 t #8%e alone ( ! gods 0 pres5t1 z ! o!rs _h retir$ to _! respective mansions on ,olympus1' ! mo/ natural inf]5ce c]ta9ly is1 t %e too is meant to be describ$ z belong+ to ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 ,^u ! :ole1 x seems pretty cle>1 t if ! ,poet int5d$ to limit absolutely ! numb] ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt or ,m9or ,assembly to ! exact figure tw5ty1 !n ! *oice = ! tw5tie? place w m ju/ly fall on 8 ,eris1 ?an ei!r 8 ,dionysus1 or ev5 8 ,p]sephone4 ,x appe>s to me1 h[ev]1 t s /rict a num]ical precision is n 9 ! mann] ( ,hom]2 t he int5d$ ! tw5ty tripods to be a g5]al indication ( ! numb] ( ! ,c\rt1 & t ) ?is indication ! facts ( ! poems sub/antially1 ?\gh indet]m9ately1 agree4 ,su* is ! composition ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt1 or small] ,assembly4 ,classification ( ! ,sup]natural ,ord]4 ,! ,deities :o1 9 virtue ( belong+ to t ,c\rt1 may be mo/ prop]ly call$ ,olympian1 may be divid$ into ! foll[+ classes3 ,i4 ,deities hav+ _! basis1 & ! g5]al outl9e ( _! attributes & "*1 f tradition4 #a4 ,pallas ,a!ne1 or ,m9]va4 #b4 ,phbus ,apollo4 #c4 ,latona4 #d4 ,iris4 ,,ii4 ,deities ( traditional basis1 b ) developm5t pr9cipally my?ological or inv5tive4 #a4 ,jupit]4 #b4 ,neptune4 #c4 ,aidoneus1 or ,pluto4 #d4 ,diana4 #e4 ,p]sephone499 ,,iii4 ,deities ( inv5tion1 or my?ology prop]4 #a4 ,juno4 #b4 ,m>s4 #c4 ,m]cury4 #d4 ,vulcan4 #e4 ,v5us4 #f4 ,demet]4 #g4 ,!mis4 #h4 4 #i4 ,paieon4 #aj4 ,dione4 #aa4 ,hebe4 #ab4 ,eris1 or ,enuo499 #ac4 ,dionysus499 ,^? ?ree names1 :i* are m>k$ ) an a/]isk1 appe> to h only a m or less disputable title to a seat 9 ,olympus4 ,outside1 s to speak1 ( ,olympus & its ,c\rt1 we may classify ! sup]human intellig5ces ( ,hom] z foll[s3 obs]v+1 h[ev]1 t ! m9or deities :o repres5t natural p[]s1 if ?or\ghly p]sonifi$1 give _! att5dance 9 ,olympus on high occasions1 & help to =m its great ,*apt] or ,p>liam5t4 ,!y may be ?r[n into ! six foll[+ classes3 #a4 ,! great] imp]sonations ( natural p[]s1 & ( ideas2 ) _! reflections1 :]e su* h be5 =m$1 9 ! fem99e4 ,^! are ,oceanus & ,te?ys4 & 4 ,ouranos & ,gaia 7n ,e>?1 b r ,l&74 ,n]eus & ,amphitrite4 ,we are n au?oriz$ by ,hom] to associate ei!r ( ^! la/ c\ples z husb& & wife4 ,we h to add3 ,de/9y1 7:i* also has a place 9 ! fif? class17 ,dream1 ,sleep1 ,dea?1 ,t]ror1 ,panic1 ,rum\r1 ,d91 ,upro>4 ,! process ( imp]sonation is ) "s ( ^! fully develop$1 ) o!rs sc>cely begun1 & :olly poetical2 !re=e z yet 9 no degree my?ological4 ,9 "o place1 ,il4 xiii4 #bii1 is ! son ( ,m>s1 9 ano!r & are 8 horses 7xiii4 #aai472 & 9 a ?ird !y appe> along ) 1 9 a %ape hov]+ betwe5 p]sonality & allegory4 h]self1 at times fully p]sonifi$1 9 "o passage is simply a figure on ! gis ( ,m9]va1 p]haps1 h[ev]1 z an animat$ "w ( art1 ,il4 v4 #gdj4 ,9 all ^! cases we see ! "w ( poetical fabrication actually go+ on4 ,p]haps ! be/ example ( a m]ely poetical1 z di/+ui%$ f a religi\s or practical imp]sonation1 is to be f\nd 9 s*ylus1 :o makes ,du/ ! bro!r ( ,mud#eda4 #eda s*4 ,ag4 #dhj4 ,?is class 0 greatly augm5t$ 9 ! lat] ,!ogonies1 beg9n+ ) ,hesiod4 #b4 ,! m9or imp]sonations ( natural p[]s1 su* z 7#a7 ,! ,w9ds4 7#b7 ,! ,riv]s4 7#c7 ,! ,nymphs ( mead[s4 7#d7 ,! ,nymphs ( f\nta9s4 7#e7 ,! ,nymphs ( groves4 7#f7 ,! ,nymphs ( hills4 7#g7 ,! ,sea ,nymphs4 #c4 ,i place 9 a diff]5t class all ^? deities1 :o appe> 9 ,hom] z ! subjects ( =eign fable n fully naturaliz$4 ,^! are !y :o dwell 9 ! ,out] sph]e ( ! m>vell\s ,geography 9 ! ,odyssey1 & ) :om ,m5elaus & ,ulysses are br\ght into contact4 ,!y are :olly ext]ior to ! sy/em ( ,hom]1 & we _c safely give !m a position imply+ any def9$ relation to x4 ,b !re are c]ta9 l9ks suppli$ by ! ,poet himself1 z :5 he makes ,circe *ild ( ! ,sun1 & ,m]cury presumptively nephew ( ,calypso3 by ^! he %[s u ! connection ( ! ,greek my?ology ) ,ea/]n s\rces1 & ! p>tial assimilation ( ! mat]ials !y suppli$4 ,^! deities are3 #a4 ,proteus4 #b4 ,leuco!e4 #c4 olus 7p]haps74 #d4 ,! ,sir5s4 #e4 ,calypso4 #f4 ,atlas4 #g4 ,circe4 #h4 etes4 #i4 ,maias4 #aj4 ,p]se4 #aa4 ,eido!e4 ,& sev]al ,nymphs#edb4 #edb ,od4 i4 #ga4 xii4 #acb1 #c4 #d4 ,^? imp]sonations :i* repres5t1 ea* 9 its sev]al "p1 or its peculi> aspect1 ! tradition ( ! ,evil ,"o1 h be5 consid]$ along ) ! deities ( tradition4 #e4 ,( m9i/]s ( doom or ju/ice1 real or reput$1 & less ?an div9e1 yet belong+ to ! metaphysical or moral ord]1 we h 9 ,hom]3 #a4 ,! ,fates1 1 :o fall )9 ! range ( ideas describ$ by 8 & 8 4 #b4 ,! 4 #c4 ,! 4 #f4 ,besides all ^!1 we h yet ano!r class ) subdivisions ( its own1 compos$ ( be+s :o /& )9 ! int]val betwe5 ,deity & ,humanity4 ,!re are "s obs]vations to be made on sev]al ( ^! classes4 ,de/9y or ,fate 9 ,hom]4 ,x is mu* easi] to obta9 a j p]ception ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,hom] h&les ! subject ( ,de/9y or ,fate1 ?an to repres5t x 9 a sy/em4 ,! conflict :i* x involves1 ei!r ( ideas1 or at lea/ ( ! words d5ot+ !m1 0 c]ta9 to give occasion to argum5t & diff]5ce ( op9ion 9 a case :]e a poet is ( necessity call$ to take 8 trial at ! b> ( philosophy#edc4 #edc ,! subject has be5 treat$ ) great ability by ,ngelsba*1 ,hom4 ,!ol41 ,abs*nitt iii4 ,besides ! 1 on :i* ,i %all make a rem>k h]eaft]1 !re are five =ms ( spee* :i* are employ$ by ,hom] to express ! idea ( ,de/9y2 !y are1 1 1 1 1 & 3 ! two la/ 9 ! s+ul> numb] only1 ! two prec$+ x 9 ! s+ul> or plural1 & ! only 9 ! plural4 ,( ^!1 ! & ! h und]gone ! mo/ effective process ( p]sonification2 b1 br\ght m di/9ctly into ! sph]e ( life & action1 ^! phrases h a mu* less pr(\nd root 9 ! ord] ( ideas1 & sc>cely t\* ! great que/ions1 :e!r de/9y is a p[] sep>ate f ! human w1 sep>ate f ! ,div9e w1 & sup]ior to ei!r or to bo?4 ,! fundam5tal idea bo? ( & 1 trac$ f _! orig9al s\rce1 is n a "p m]ely1 b r a portion or %>e allott$ accord+ to "s rule or law4 ,b1 ?\gh ( simil> orig91 "s di/9ctions obta9 betwe5 ! uses ( ! two words4 ,& fir/ z to 4 ,"u ! =m ( 4 ,we h 9 ,il4 xviii4 #cbg1 2 9 ,od4 xix4 #bd1 2 9 ,il4 ix4 #cgh1 4 ,9 all ^! cases x is pla91 t ! ^w means n a m]e "p1 b a "p assign$ ^u "s giv5 pr9ciple4 ,h5ce x comes to mean ei!r ! :ole %>e or lot assign$ to a man1 or ! law accord+ to :i* x is assign$1 t is1 ! law "u :i* ! moral gov]nm5t ( human life1 & ! di/ribution ( good & evil1 are conduct$4 ,accord+ly1 we h ^! sev]al s5ses 9 :i* x is employ$4 #a4 ,! 1 z ! entire de/9y1 ( an individual man1 ,il4 i4 #daf4 1 4 #b4 ,a notable "p ( t de/9y1 z 8 dea?3 4 ,il4 xxiv4 #dbh4 #c4 ,! moral law = ! gov]nm5t ( conduct1 z 9 1 ' 1 ' 4 ,il4 iii4 #ei4 #d4 ,t moral law z x is suppos$ to proce$ f ,jupit]2 ! 1 or disp5sation ( ,jupit]2 ! 1 or disp5sation ( ,provid5ce4 #e4 ,t same law1 z x is suppos$ to proce$ f "s o!r s\rce1 or to speak m correctly1 = ,hom]1 z ! p[] :i* adm9i/]s x is sep>ately p]sonifi$4 ,?is we h 9 ! passage 1 1 ,il4 xx4 #abg2 or1 aga91 z 9 ,od4 vii4 #aig2 :]e is assi/$ 9 ! sp9n+ process by ! 1 z if x 0 felt t %e 0 n /rong en\gh to make a ,de/9y4 ,^u ! :ole x appe>s to me t !re is 9 ! ^w only ! m9ute/ sav\r ( ! prop] idea ( ,fate4 ,= ,fate involves ^! ?+s3 #a4 a p[] dom9ant ov] man3 #b4 a p[] indep5d5t ( ! div9ity3 & #c4 a p[] /&+ ideally ap>t f "r4 ,n[ does n fully answ] ev5 to ! fir/ ( ^! conceptions1 s9ce 1 ev5 :5 x is back$ by ! gods1 may be ov]come by ! en]gies ( man4 ,jupit] 9 ! ,iliad#edd orda9$ glory to ,hector & success to ! ,trojans until ! sunset ( ! day :5 ! battle ( ! %ips 0 f\ght3 yet j be=e ! dea? ( ,patroclus ! ,greeks prevail$1 ,il4 xvi4 #ghj4 #edd ,il4 xi4 #aib-d & xviii4 #dee4 ' 4 ,! only in/ances 9 :i* we f9d end[$ ) any ?+ 9 ! nature ( an inexorable =ce are su* z t quot$ f ,il4 xx4 #abg4 ,9 ?is passage x is said by ,juno1 #8,we w give ,a*illes glory2 !reaft] let him suff] :at has appo9t$ = him4' ,n[ ?is ref]s n to a c\rse ( life t he 0 to pass ?r\gh1 b simply to ! crisis ( 8 dea?4 ,9 ,od4 vii1 ! speak] is ,alc9\s2 & 8 s5tim5t is1 #8,let u c>ry our gue/ safe home & !n leave him to :atev] & ! h orda9$ = him4' ,probably ?is is only an euphemism1 & means dea?1 z ,juno meant x2 b1 9 any case1 proce$+ f ano!r mortal1 x is a m]e =m ( spee* p]fectly compatible 9 itself ) ! idea t ! gods are sup]ior to 1 nay1 t man may ^u occasion surm\nt x4 ,9 ! o!r case x is n s2 we mu/ und]/& ,juno to recognise ! or disp5sation z absolute2 b !n x is ! disp5sation ( dea?2 & x is1 ,i ?9k1 ! cle> doctr9e ( ! poems t t disp5sation _c be cancell$ or av]t$ f mortals1 ?\gh !re are v>i\s modes 9 :i* x may be escap$ or baffl$3 "o ( !m1 t ( po/ponem5t1 :i* is tempor>y3 ano!r1 t ( translation out ( ! mortal /ate1 z 9 ! case ( ,ganym$e3 & a ?ird1 t ( revival1 z 9 ! cases ( ,ca/or & ,pollux4 ,to ,m9]va alone is ascrib$ a p[] ov] dea?3 & ?is seems to be a p[] ( subsequ5t rescue1 & n "o ( absolute exemption4 ,euryclea com=ts ,p5elope ) ! exhortation to pray to ,m9]va ab\t ,ulysses#ede1 z %e c aft]w>ds deliv] him2 #ede ,od4 iv4 #gec4 4 ,! /ress is evid5tly to be laid ^u ! ^w 4 ,ano!r passage1 :i* may at fir/ sight pres5t a diff]5t appe>ance1 w1 ,i ?9k1 on exam9ation1 be f\nd to h>monize completely ) :at has be5 said4 ,:5 9 ! ,sixte5? ,iliad1 ,jupit] p]ceives t 8 *]i%$ son ,s>p$on is ab\t to meet 8 dea? by enc\nt]+ ,patroclus1 he lam5ts t x %\ld be ! de/9y ( "o to him ! de>e/ ( m51 to be sla9 by t w>rior4 ,!n he proce$s to consid] :e!r he %all remove him f ! sc5e ( dang]1 ?\gh he 0 fat$ to die1 or :e!r he %all subdue him by ! h&s ( ,patroclus#edf1 #edf ,il4 xvi4 #dch4 4 ,?us1 9 ! space ( a few l9es1 #a4 he seems to recognise de/9y z a p[] sup]ior to 8 own w2 !n1 #b4 he debates :e!r he %all ov]rule ?is sup]ior p[]2 & la/ly1 #c4 he treats ! execution ( its decree z ! act ( t v w ( 84 ,& on ?is c\rse1 advis$ by ,juno1 he f9ally decides4 ,he desi/s f execut+ ?is plan1 n because x is impossible1 b app>5tly = two reasons3 ! fir/1 t x may cause discont5t & sple5 among ! gods2 ! second1 t by simil> int]f]5ces1 on behalf ea* ( 8 own *ild1 !y too may tr\ble ! ord] ( nature4 ,8 p[]1 !re=e1 to execute ! s*eme is cle>ly impli$4 ,b :at s*eme8 ,n "o = repeal+ ! law ( dea?1 s f> z ,s>p$on is conc]n$#edg2 b simply = adj\rn+ ! evil by remov+ him to 8 home1 & s putt+ him f> beyond ! rea* ( ! *ances ( ! w>4 #edg ,il4 xvi4 #dcf4 ,:5 ,vulcan is ask$ by ,!tis to provide arms = ,a*illes1 he replies1 ,w\ld t ,i c\ld hide him f 8 fat$ h\r1 ev5 z ,i c & w provide him ) arms6 ,"h1 inde$1 ! expression is n to save1 b to hide him2 yet ev5 ?is is beyond 8 p[]3 1 #edh4 #edh ,il4 xviii4 #dfd4 ,vulcan inde$ is a deity ( limit$ p[]s2 b 9 ?is case he seems to express a g5]al law4 ,dea? inexorable to ,fate or ,deity4 ,! dea?1 !re=e1 at "s "t )9 a giv5 space1 ( e p]son rema9+ 9 ! /ate ( a mortal man1 0 a po9t settl$ & immovable1 & s 0 accord+ly ! ( dea?3 b x 0 t ! 0 fix$1 because dea? 0 fix$1 & n t dea? 0 fix$1 because orda9$ x4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% betwe5 a s+le incid5t ( a mortal c>e]1 an ord] :i* no?+ c infr+e1 un*angeable b uncaus$1 & ! supposition ( a p[]1 :i* causes t1 & likewise all o!r p>ts ( x1 irrespective ( p]sonal w1 :e!r 9 ! gods or 9 m54 ,x appe>s1 ,i ?9k1 on ! :ole1 t has b a limit$ & equivocal connection ) ! idea ( fate2 x seems nev] to mean m ?an ! fate ( a s+le individual1 nev] to signify ! l>ge-h&$ de/9y t grasps nations & ! _w4 ,x may be ov]ridd51 z by ! ,greeks1 aft] ! battle ( ! %ips4 ,& ! reason ( ?is seems to be t its mean+ has s /rong a bias to ! side ( a moral law1 z oppos$ to a m]e =ce4 ,?is comes out cle>ly 9 ! s5se ( ! ^w 3 is little less or m1 ?an to be a good man4 ,its pr$om9at+ s5se is ! orda9$ law ( "r2 & z su*1 x is a law v liable to be brok54 ,de/9y "u ! =m ( 4 ,x is 9 ! 1 if any:]e1 t we mu/ seek = de/9y1 9 ! s5se :i* approximates to fatali/ic ideas4 ,"h1 f> diff]5tly f 1 ! moral idea is subord9ate 9 ne>ly all cases1 & 9 "s x is :olly suppress$4 ,l 1 1 prop]ly means a portion or %>e1 a "p accru+ to "s "o "u a law4 ,?us we h ' ,od4 xx4 #aga2 & 1 ' 7,il4 x4 #beb74 ,?us x appe>s to pass into ! foll[+ s5ses1 :i* may be usefully comp>$ ) ^? ( 4 ,! scope ( its mean+ is f> wid]3 x h>dly /oops to signify ! de/9y ( a s+le man2 ,hom] c\ld n well h said 7see ,il4 i4 #daf47 3 al?\gh he c make z a p[]1 appo9t a de/9y = a man1 7,il4 xxiv4 #bji47 x is n ! ( a man4 ,b x is #a4 ,! appo9t+ p[] z sep>ate f any ?+ else4 ,x hov]s betwe5 ! /ate ( an ab/raction & ( a p]son3 & x comes ne>] to ! latt] ?an 4 ,n only h we 1 7,il4 xxiv4 #bji47 b especially1 #edi4 #edi ,il4 xxiv4 #di4 ,a passage by :i*1 unless its effect 7 modifi$ f else:]e1 ! seem 9 pr9ciple to take ! :ole adm9i/ration ( moral gov]nm5t into _! h&s1 by fix+ dispositions z well z outw>d actions4 #b4 ,besides be+ ?us p]sonal1 rea*es to mank9d at l>ge1 & expresses a g5]al law1 9 ! passage la/ quot$4 ,?is may be a law ( good =tune1 z 9 ,od4 xx4 #gfeej3 #eej ,cf4 ,il4 iii4 #ahb1 4 ' 4 #c4 ,or1 ) an epi!t1 x may mean ill =tune2 z 9 1 ,il4 xii4 #aaf4 #d4 ,x seems v /rongly to signify dea?1 :5 us$ simply1 & )\t addition1 z ' 1 9 ,od4 xi4 #efj4 #e4 ,or :5 9 apposition1 z 1 ,od4 ii4 #ajj1 or aga9 z 9 ,il4 iii4 #aja1 4 #f4 ,or any ?+ orda9$ = mank9d at l>ge1 z ,od4 xix4 #eib1 ! 4 ,y mu/ sleep1 says ,p5elope2 = ! gods h s orda9$ x1 7 74 #g4 1 l 1 may be ! embodi$ w1 decree1 or disp5sation ( ! gods4 ,?us we h 1 ,od4 xi4 #bib1 :]e is ei!r ,jupit] or possibly ,apollo3 & 1 ,od4 iii4 #bfi1 & xxii4 #dac4 ,n[ ! names & seem to be high] ) ,hom] ?an any my?ological "n4 ,!y are 8 mo/ solemn =ms = ! expression ( ! idea ( deity4 ,?us x is rem>kable t he nev] atta*es directly to any ,olympian p]son4 ,?is te/ifies to its signify+ some?+ l>g] ?an is convey$ by 4 ,b x also seems to indicate t1 ev5 if x 7 capable ( be+ plac$ 9 antagonism to ! w ( "o ( ! my?ological p]sons1 into ^: =ms !i/ic ideas _h pass$ by deg5]acy1 yet x 0 n conceiv$ z opposite to or sep>ate f ! div9e pr9ciple1 b r z a p[] associat$ ) x4 #h4 ,?\gh 9 g5]al means ! ?+ orda9$ )\t ref]5ce to moral ideas1 yet x is n always s4 ord9>ily means de/9$1 :ile means "r4 ,b ! ideas ( "r & might 7 n yet :olly p>t$4 ,9 ,od4 xxii4 #dac x is pla9 t 1 pron\nc$ by ,ulysses ov] ! ,suitors1 conta9s a moral elem5t3 = he goes on to say1 4443 & s ,euryma*us1 :5 he means to ackn[l$ge t ! dea? ( ,ant9\s 0 morally j1 says1 ' #eea4 #eea ,od4 xxii4 #ed4 ,! pres5ce ( ! moral elem5t 9 ?is ^w is entirely adv]se to ! !ory1 t x 0 us$ 9 ! s5se ( fatalism4 ,p[] ap>t f a p]sonal deity has be5 conceiv$ by ! human m9d3 b moral p[]1 ,i ?9k1 9 su* a /ate ( sev]alty1 has nev] be5 made ! subject ( s]i\s speculation4 #i4 has yet ano!r s5se1 t ( 1 ord]4 ,! =ce ( ! t]m is g5]ally #8) propriety1' :ile ' is #8) "r4' ,?us 9 ,il4 xix4 #bef ! ,greeks sit /ill1 1 9 ord] to he> ,agamemnon3 & we h an in/ance ( mean+ #8) propriety' 9 ,il4 x4 #afi4 ,"h ,ne/or has be5 *idd5 by ,diom$1 n = a moral (f5ce1 b = ov]-activity3 & he replies1 1 1 4 ,he c\ld n "h h said ' 4 ,"u ! =m ( 4 ,la/ly1 we come to ! ^w 4 ,!re are sev]al %ades ( di/9ction betwe5 x & 4 #a4 ,x is nev] p]sonifi$ 9 ,hom]1 nor ev5 approa*es to imp]sonation4 #b4 ,x draws peculi>ly to ! disp5sation ( dea?1 9 con=mity ) ! law by :i* 9 ,lat9 x became mors4 ,see ,il4 xviii4 #dfe4 xxi4 #acc3 &1 except 9 ?is connection1 x does n seem to be us$ to express individual de/9y4 #c4 ,accord+ly x is nev] associat$ ) deity2 9 con=mity ) ! fix$ "* ( ! disp5sation ( dea?4 ,we h no 1 4 #d4 ,yet ?is is n because is /rong] ?an 4 ,on ! contr>y1 we h no case 9 ,hom] ( a ?+ done 1 ?\gh x is sometimes appreh5d$4 ,?us 9 ,il4 xx4 #cce ,neptune w>ns neas to retire f be=e ,a*illes1 4 ,b receives ! s5se ( z ! law ( "r3 a relation%ip curi\sly ma9ta9$ 9 mos1 moris1 comp>$ ) mors1 mortis4 ,m5 br+ woe ^u !mselves 1 by ob/9ate wick$ness3 & ! crimes ( gi/hus 7,od4 i4 #ce47 h be5 committ$ 4 ,g5]al view ( ! ,hom]ic ,de/9y4 ,we ?us see t1 on ! :ole1 ! =ce ( de/9y1 z x appe>s 9 ,hom]1 al?\gh x commonly prevails1 is n uni=mly irresi/ible4 ,we nev] f9d ! deities actually fight+ aga9/ x1 or x aga9/ !m4 ,s full & l>ge 7 ,hom]'s conceptions ( ! fre$om ( ! human w1 t fate is sometimes on ! po9t ( giv+ way be=e ! en]gy ( 8 h]oes1 & ?is ev5 :5 ! /r5g? ( "s god is br\ght 9 aid ( x4 ,?us ,jupit] fe>s1 le/ ,a*illes %\ld da% ! ,trojan walls#eeb to ! gr\nd4 ,apollo ent]s ! city#eec1 le/ ! ,greeks %\ld take x on ! day ( ! battle ) ,hector4 ,9 ! ,second ,book1 aft] ! ru% f ! assembly1 ! ,greeks w\ld h return$ home1 unless ,juno _h urg$ ,m9]va to be/ir h]self by influ5ce among !m4 ,_m ?+s are done contr>y to 1 or ! orda9$ law ( "r2 :]eas1 al?\gh is n 9 ! ab/ract insurm\ntable1 yet 9 fact x r>ely is surm\nt$4 ,b !n ! ,fate ( ,hom]1 ! ?+ spok51 is n 9 conflict ) him t speaks x4 #eeb ,il4 xx4 #cj4 #eec ,il4 xxi4 #eag4 ,we d n f9d 9 ,hom] ! curi\s di/9ction :i* ! speculative m9d ( ! ,greeks aft]w>ds work$ out1 betwe5 a fate repres5t+ ! m]e w ( ! gods1 & a fix$ fate high] & /rong] ?an !y3 #eed4 #eed s*4 ,ag4 #iic4 ,& aga9 9 ,h]odotus#eee3 4 #eee ,h]od4 i4 #ia4 ,:ile ?is1 on ! "o side1 0 ! c\rse ( speculation1 ! c\rse ( poetic ?\ght 0 t[>ds a complete imp]sonation ( ,de/9y 9 ! ?ree ,fates1 repres5t+ an image s cong5ial1 z a poetic image only1 to ! human m9d1 t x f\nd its way into ! romance poetry ( ,*ri/ian ,italy4 ,^u ! :ole1 x appe>s at any rate mo/ probable1 t ,hom] _h n =m$ ! conception ( a law extr9sic to all volition human & div9e1 & s p[]ful z to ov]ride x4 ,x is h>dly to be conceiv$ t ,hom] w\ld h treat$ a successful resi/ance to ! laws ( ,de/9y z ly+ )9 ! possible rea* ( mank9d1 _h he deem$ x to be a p[] indep5d5t (1 & sup]ior to1 ! ,div9e ,w2 because he always repres5ts ! latt] z decisive & supreme ov] human =tunes4 ,i ?9k t ! prim>y ideas convey$ 9 ! t]ms & ,fatum w n be f\nd1 :5 exam9$1 to agree4 ,fatum is ! decree )\t reason2 ! sic volo sic jubeo2 & ! idea ( x is ! result ( ! long1 we>isome1 despair+ exp]i5ce ( bewild]$ man1 aft] ! _w has lo/ ! fre%ness & ! joy ( its *ildhood4 ,! 1 or %>e1 is a di/ribution made accord+ to a law or moral purpose3 x _c1 )\t p>t+ f its nature1 be bl9d3 its t5d5cy 9 ,hom] r is1 z we see 9 ,il4 xxiv4 #di1 to gr[ into a sort ( rival ,provid5ce4 ,! argum5ts to an opposite effect are surely inconclusive#eef4 ,! "q rais$ by ! ,scales ( ,jupit] is1 n :at ! spr+s may be :i* det]m9e ! movem5t ( ! _w1 b simply :at is 8 =ekn[l$ge ( ! direction x w take4 ,^! repres5tations w\ld be p]fectly consi/5t ) belief 9 ! supremacy 7s to speak7 ( ,*ance3 & :ile we may admit t1 inasmu* z !y are n produc$ = ! in=mation ( m51 !y mu/ indicate a limitation 9 ,jupit]1 we %\ld n mi/ake ! nature ( t limitation4 #eef ,enum]at$ 9 ,ngelsba*1 iii4 #g-i4 ,aga91 we mu/ n suppose t because "s p>ticul> deity deplores ! c\rse ( de/9y1 !re=e t c\rse is 9 opposition to ! g5]al delib]ation & decision ( ,olympus4 ,& :51 z is commonly ! case1 we f9d ! deities coop]at+ ) 1 ! assumption t !y are its s]vants1 seems to be :olly unw>rant$4 ,x seems mu* m natural to suppose t ! 1 to :i* !y are giv+ effect1 is simply ! div9e w3 especially z1 ?\gh we f9d s+le gods1 ,neptune or ,apollo1 = example1 coop]at+ ) 1 ,i d\bt :e!r ?is is ev] repres5t$ ( ! gods at l>ge & _! supreme decrees4 ,9 ord] to solve ! g5]al "q1 :at aft] all c be m reasonable ?an to look to ! ma9 action ( ! poems1 & inquire :at p[] or :at c\nsel x is :i* takes effect ?r\gh ! m$ium ( _! ma*9]y z a :ole8 ,if ?is be ! te/1 !re is no room = d\bt ^u ! issue4 ,9 ! ,iliad x is ! 7,il4 i4 #e73 ! det]m9ation ( ,olympus1 into :i* ,jupit] _h wisely all[$ 8 own opposite incl9ations to m]ge4 ,9 ! ,odyssey#eeg1 x is ! decision ( ! same tribunal1 at ! in/ance ( ,m9]va1 & ) ,neptune alone diss5ti5t4 ,^u ! :ole1 = ! poems & ! day ( ,hom]1 ,i _c b ?9k t bo? ! supremacy ( godhead z a :ole1 & ! fre$om ( man rema91 if some:at d>k5$1 yet c]ta9ly unsubv]t$4 ,! ( ,hom] may1 x is probable1 be no m & no less 9 ! ma9 ?an t 1 or div9ely utt]$ decree1 :i* he sometimes uses 9 su* a mann] z to admit ( ! supposition t !y 7 really synonym\s4 #eeg ,od4 i4 #bj1 #de1 #gg4 xxiv4 #dgi4 ,at ! same "t we d n f9d1 nor c\ld we expect to f9d1 9 ,hom] any cle> ass]tion ( ! maje/y ( ! true ,div9e ,w1 z ! ma9spr+ t moves ! univ]se4 ,t is emphatically a ,*ri/ian s5tim5t1 :i* is convey$ 9 ! l(ty =mula ( ,dante3 ,cos si vuol col1 dove si puote ,ci *e si vuole4 ,s is x will$ above1 :]e ,he1 t wills1 ,c :at he wills4 ,! ,fate ( ,hom] may inde$ logically embrace a g]m1 :i* w aft]w>ds exp& into ! idea ( a p[] extr9sic to ,deity1 & able to ov]rule x4 ,we may argue to %[ t ! repres5tation1 p]sev]+ly develop$1 means z mu* z ?is4 ,b !n su* repres5tations 9 ,hom] are n p]sev]+ly1 mu* less are !y unilat]ally1 develop$4 ,!y h n be5 ?\ght ?r\gh ev5 to _! legitimate consequ5ces1 & f> less to ^? :i* appe> to arise f ! foll[+ out1 n ( a full tru?1 b ( "s p>ticul> & sev]$ aspect ( x4 ,tak5 at ! wor/1 ,de/9y 9 ,hom] broods l a cl\d 9 a di/ant qu>t] ( ! sky1 sil5tly ga!r+ ! might :i*1 :5 ripe1 is to engage 9 ob/9ate & un5d+ conflict ) deity4 ,b = ?is "w ! mat]ial is n yet prep>$2 & practically nei!r nor mu* crosses ! "w ( ,div9e gov]nm5t1 su* z x is conceiv$ & exhibit$ 9 ,hom]4 ,i pass on to ! second ,class4 ,m9or imp]sonations f ,nature4 ,among ! ,greeks1 & ev5 9 ,hom]1 e tree1 e f\nta91 all ?+s inanimate1 t ei!r vegetat$ or mov$1 _h _! indwell+ deity4 ,hom]1 h[ev]1 repres5ts ! infancy ( t sy/em1 & ?\gh he imp]sonates _m o!r local ag5cies1 he gives to none s active a p]sonality z to ,riv]s4 ,ulysses 9 8 di/ress addresses ! god ( ! ,s*]ian riv]#eeh2 & is answ]$ by ! /ay+ ( ! curr5t4 ,simois is address$ p]sonally by ,xan?us#eei2 & ,xan?us himself1 by virtue ( 8 local p[]1 is promot$ to ! hon\r ( cont5d+ ) ,vulcan1 ! god ( fire1 a memb] ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt1 & a son ( ,jupit] & ,juno4 ,s ! ,sp]*eus#efj is invok$1 &1 :at is m1 invok$ s f> (f z 9 ,troas1 by ,a*illes4 #eeh ,od4 v4 #dde4 #dea4 #eei ,il4 xxi4 #cjh4 #efj ,il4 xxiii4 #add4 ,! p]petual movem5t :i* inh]es 9 ! ess5ce ( a riv]1 comb9$ ) ! visibility :i* sep>ates x f m]e atmosph]ical curr5ts1 seems to connect x m closely ?an any o!r natural object ) ! idea ( life4 ,x is mo/ int]e/+ to obs]ve h[ ! s5tim5t "h express$ seems to h work$ 9 ages widely di/ant1 ^u great poets ( diff]+ nations1 temp]am5ts1 & circum/ances1 aft] _! diff]+ mann]s4 ,hom] does n impute feel+s to a ,riv]2 b he imp]sonates x ) a treatm5t diff]5t to t :i* he applies to groves1 f\nta91 or mead[4 ,n[ ^! p]sonifications ?\gh n yet disus$ 7especially 9 ! ,engli% poetry ( ! la/ c5tury71 h become f> less real & effective = ! human m9d1 s9ce ! ,gospel op5$ to u ! unse5 _w ) its cr[d ( e!real inhabitants4 ,obs]ve1 accord+ly1 h[ a feel+ id5tical ) t ( ,hom]1 a t5d5cy to inve/ outw>d nature ) vitality & action1 9 ^! m rec5t times takes a diff]5t =m4 ,! great ,dante1 m ?an two ?\s& ye>s lat] 9 ! l9e ( human desc5t1 )\t p]sonify+1 yet ascribes feel+ to a riv]2 he imag9es ! ,po1 aft] its tumultu\s headlong desc5t ) all its fe$]s f ! m\nta9s1 long+ = peace1 & seek+ x by repair+ to ! sea4 ,francesca da ,rim9i ?us describes h] bir?-place2 ,si$e la ,t]ra1 dove nata fui1 ,sulla m>9a1 dove 'l ,po disc5de ,p] av] pace co' seguaci sui4 ,& "o ( less] inde$1 7= :o is n less ?an su* z ^!87 b yet ( bo? high & hon\r$ poetic "n1 our own ,wordswor?1 9 8 ,sonnet#efa on ! ,riv] ,?ames1 se5 f ,london ,bridge at sunrise1 has ! well kn[n l9e1 #efa ,miscellane\s ,sonnets1 ,"p ,,ii4 ,no4 xxix4 ,! riv] w&]s at 8 own sweet w4 ,he may also be claim$ z a witness to :at has be5 said ( ! tru? & p[] ( ^! p]sonifications to ! anci5ts4 ,= 9 ano!r noble ,sonnet1 :]e he compla9s ( ! dead5+ p[] & weight ( worldly life1 & int5ds to %[ t a sy/em ( %ad[s1 :5 m5 really appropriate & dige/ ! tru? x has1 is bett] = !m ?an to h a sy/em ( sub/ances ar\nd !m1 & yet to rema9 unp5etrat$ by x1 he describes t sy/em ( %ad[s by recall+ two ( its vivid p]sonifications#efb4 #efb ,ibid4 ,"p ,i4 ,no4 xxxiii3 #8,! _w is too mu* ) u4' ,b :ile ,hom] br+s into action no p]sonifications ( ?is class1 except ^? ( ,riv]s1 he peoples ea* ) its appropriate ,g5ius1 ! f\nta9s1 ! grassy mead[s1 & ! groves4 ,9 ! ,great ,p>liam5t ( ! sup]nal _w at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,tw5tie? ,iliad1 all are repres5t$4 ,ev5 "h1 h[ev]1 ! di/9ction is pres]v$3 ! ,riv]s att5d z x 7 9 p]son2 b ! re/ by deputy1 t is1 by _! prop] indwell+ & presid+ ,spirits2 ' 1 ' 1 ' 1 1 #efc4 #efc ,il4 xx4 #g-i4 ,?us ! fir/ are imp]sonations3 ! second only resid5ces = p]sons to dwell 94 ,! ,h>pies ( ,hom]4 ,! ,h>pies1 1 ( ,hom] h be51 ,i ?9k1 truly describ$ z #8no?+ b p]sonifi$ /orm-w9ds#efd4' ,!y h no connection1 :5 jo9tly view$1 ) ! moral ord]1 except t !y may1 z m]e c>ri]s1 take a subord9ate "p 9 ! fulfilm5t ( a moral purpose1 :i* is q z true ( ! ,w9ds1 p]sonifi$ or unp]sonifi$4 ,! ,h>py is p]sonifi$ individually1 z ! "m :o be>s to ,zephyr ! two dea?less horses ( ,a*illes1 ,xan?us & ,balius#efe2 b app>5tly = no o!r purpose ?an "o purely relative4 ,! classical passage respect+ ! ,h>pies is t 9 ,od4 xx4 #fa-gi1 :i* =ms a "p ( ! pray] ( ,p5elope to ,diana4 ,! object ( ! matron's petition is t1 we>i$ out ) h] sorr[s1 %e may die1 & ?is 9 "o ( two modes3 ei!r by ! arr[s ( ! goddess2 or else1 t a hurricane may seize h]1 &1 driv+ h] along ! pa?s ( air1 deposit h] 9 ! *annels ( ,ocean1 t is to say1 ! place ( ! dead4 ,!n %e proce$s to illu/rate ?is la/ mode ( dea?1 ( :i* %e has nam$ z ! in/rum5t1 by ! tale ( ! daught]s ( ,p&>eus1 :o1 hav+ lo/ _! p>5ts1 7 9 an extraord9>y mann] pett$ by ! goddesses4 ,aphrodite f$ !m1 ,"h gave !m s5se & beauty1 ,artemis /ature1 ,pallas end[$ !m ) skill4 ,&1 la/ly1 ,aphrodite w5t to ,olympus to induce ,jupit] to provide = _! m>riage4 ,b :ile %e 0 away on ?is err&1 ! ,h>pies c>ri$ (f ^! maid5s1 & gave !m to ! 1 1 to be _! s]vants1 z x is sometimes r5d]$1 b1 z ,i %\ld v5ture to con/rue x1 #8= !m1 i4 e4 ! 1 to deal )4' ,x is evid5t t1 9 ?is curi\s leg5d1 ! ,h>pies are introduc$ to exemplify no?+ m ?an ! "p :i* ,p5elope _h previ\sly ref]r$ to ! 2 & ^! p[]s1 :o repres5t ,hurricane or ,squall1 & 9 ^: ag5cy lies ! gi/ ( ! /ory1 appe> to h be5 9 ?is matt] ! m9i/]s ( ! 1 be+s ( a v diff]5t ord]4 ,^! be+s are evid5tly introduc$1 ?\gh entirely beyond ! p>allel ( ! 1 9 ord] to complete ! moral4 ,! only o!r case 9 :i* ,hom] introduces ! ,h>pies is 9 a l9e1 twice repeat$1 :]e ,p5elope supposes t !y may h c>ri$ ,ulysses (f 77 +lori\sly#eff1 i4 e4 s z to rob him 9 dea? ( 8 due me$ ( fame4 ,& ?is ,fri$rei* well comp>es ) "p ( a passage 9 ! ,book ( ,job1 :i* is z foll[s1 *ap4 xxvii4 #bj1 #ba4 #8,a tempe/ /eale? him away 9 ! night3 ! ea/ w9d c>rie? him away1 & he dep>te?2 & z a /orm hurle? him out ( 8 place4' #efd ,smi?'s ,dict4 art4 ,h>pyi4 ,on ! same subject1 see ,ngelsba* ,hom4 ,!ol4 ii4 #ab4 ,fri$rei*1 ,reali51 p4 #ffg4 ,crusius on ,od4 xx4 #gg2 & ,voss z !re quot$1 ^: op9ion is1 ,i ?9k1 q errone\s4 #efe ,il4 xvi4 #aej4 xix4 #djj4 #eff ,od4 i4 #bda4 xiv4 #cga4 ,! ,er9ues ( ,hom]4 ,! are ( mu* great] importance2 & _! position des]ves ! m c>eful inquiry1 because x has1 ,i ?9k1 be5 (t5 misund]/ood1 p]haps f be+ appreciat$ only ?r\gh ! delusive m$ium ( ! lat] tradition1 :i* appe>s to me to h let drop all ! f9] elem5ts ( ! conception1 by a process simil> to t :i* x effect$ ^u ! great ,hom]ic *>act]s ( ,a*illes1 ,hel51 & ,ulysses4 ,x is q insuffici5t to say ( ^! p]sonages1 by way ( description1 t !y are ! av5g]s ( crime#efg1 or t !y grudge ! bliss ( mortals1 or t !y def5d ! au?ority ( p>5ts#efh3 & x is :olly errone\s1 9 my op9ion1 to treat !m z #8orig9ally no?+ b a p]sonification ( curses pron\nc$ ^u a guilty crim9al#efi4' #efg ,fri$rei*1 ,reali51 7p4 #fgg47 4 #aih4 #efh ,ibid4 7p4 #bbj47 4 #fa4 #efi ,smi?'s ,dict4 art4 ,eum5ides4 ,let u fir/ collect ! facts respect+ _! position 9 ,hom]4 #a4 ,9 ! n>rative ( ,phnix we f9d t :51 at ! in/igation ( 8 "m1 he _h s\ght ! embraces ( a 1 = :om 8 fa!r _h a passion1 ! fa!r1 inc5s$1 invok$ ! to make him *ildless4 #8,?is curse1' he says1 #8! gods 77 accompli%$1 & ! subt]ranean ,jupit]1 & awful ,p]sephone1' ,il4 ix4 #ddi-eg4 #b4 ,! "m ( ,meleag]1 on acc\nt ( 8 hav+ slaught]$ h] bro!r1 invok$ ,ades & ,p]sephone1 besee*+ !m to slay t h]o3 :]eupon ! ,er9s1 "h call$ 1 #8t walke? 9 d>kness1' he>d h] f ,erebus1 & ! city 0 besieg$4 ,b "h ! ,er9s appe>s to act1 if n :olly 9 fav\r ( ,meleag]1 yet aga9/ 8 "m4 ,! city is assault$1 =c$1 & set on fire4 ,! family1 includ+ ! "m :o _h curs$ him1 entreat ,meleag] to deliv] !m1 & attempt to attract 8 fav\r by spl5did promises ( a demesne1 to be conf]r$ on him by ! public4 ,only :5 ! palace itself is assail$ does he cons5t4 ,he repels ! enemy2 ! demesne is n giv5 him3 &1 on acc\nt ( 8 ?us rel5t+ only at ! la/ mom5t1 ,phnix quotes him z a w>n+ example1 = ,a*illes to avoid4 7,il4 ix4 #efe-fjc47 #c4 ,9 ,il4 xv4 #bjd1 :5 ,neptune seems incl9$ to be refractory1 ,iris rem9ds him t ! ,er9s w act ) ,jupit]1 because he is ! eld] bro!r3 '1 4 ,& ^u ?is h9t ,neptune at once alt]s 8 tone1 all[s t %e has spok5 1 & complies ) ! comm& t %e has br\ght4 #d4 ,9 ,il4 xix4 ,agamemnon1 :ile he admits 8 1 7v4 #hg71 ?r[s1 we might say %uffles (f1 ! blame ( x ^u ,jupit]1 ,de/9y1 & ,er9s3 ' 1 4 #e4 ,9 vv4 #beh-fj ( ! same ,book1 ! same p]sonage invokes z witnesses to 8 assev]ation conc]n+ ,briseis1 #a4 ,jupit]1 #b4 ! ,e>?1 #c4 ! ,sun1 #d4 ! 1 #8:o dwell b5ea? ! e>?1 & puni% ! p]jur$4' #f4 ,9 v4 #dah ( ! same ,book1 aft] ! horse ,xan?us1 receiv+ a voice by ! gift ( ,juno1 has giv5 to ,a*illes a d>k indication ( 8 com+ fate1 ! ,er9ues int]f]e to prev5t any fur!r disclosures3 4 #g4 ,:51 9 ! ,!oma*y1 ,m9]va has laid ,m>s pro/rate by a bl[1 %e taunts him by tell+ him he may 9 8 ov]?r[ recognise ! ( 8 "m ,juno1 invok$ ^u him = hav+ *ang$ sides 9 ! conte/ 7,il4 xxi4 #daj-ad74 #h4 ,9 ! ,odyssey 7ii4 #ace71 ,telema*us appreh5ds t1 if he dismisses 8 "m1 he w h to enc\nt]1 among o!r evils1 ! ,er9us :om %e w invoke ^u him4 #i4 ,epica/e1 ! "m ( dipus1 is spe$ily remov$ f ! face ( e>? = h] hapless ince/4 dipus himself lives & reigns3 b suff]s _m sorr[s1 :i* ! ,er9us ( ,epica/e 7 1 z 9 ,il4 xx4 #dab7 br+ ^u him4 #aj4 ,melampus1 a ri* subject ( ,neleus 9 ,pylos1 is imprison$ = a :ole ye> 9 ! h\se ( ,phylacus1 & has 8 prop]ty seiz$ or confiscat$1 on acc\nt ( ! daught] ( ,neleus1 & ( 8 griev\s 1 :i* ! goddess1 ! h>d-/rik+#egj ,er9s1 br\ght into 8 m9d 7,od4 xv4 #bcc73 #egj ,f & 3 ,liddell & ,scott3 also ,s*ol4 ,h4 9 loc4 ,or1 1 ,s*ol4 ,v4 ,! mean+ may be close-ne>+1 ) =midable inw>d action4 1 1 4 ,b he escap$ f dea?1 & paid1 i4e4 accompli%$1 ! /range act t ,neleus _h impos$ z ! condition ( obta9+ ! comm& ov] 8 daught]'s h&4 ,he ?us procur$ x = 8 bro!r1 t]m$ 9 ! po/-,hom]ic tradition ,bias4 ,?is condition 01 t he %\ld br+ (f to ,pylos ! c[s :i* 7 ! prop]ty ( ,iphicles 7& app>5tly ( ,phylacus74 ,he 0 caught at ,phylace 9 ! attempt3 b aft] a ye> ,iphicles releas$ him1 app>5tly 9 consid]ation ( b5efit d]iv$ f 8 prophetic k1 ,od4 xv4 #bbh-ch1 & xi4 #bhg-ig4 #aa4 ,9 ,od4 xvii4 #dge1 #f1 ,ulysses1 :5 ,ant9\s _h hurl$ ! /ool at him1 invokes ^u t ,suitor 9 return ! ang] ( ! gods & ,er9us 7 1 if su* !re be7 ( ! poor4 #ab4 ,la/ly1 9 ,od4 xx4 #gh1 z we h se51 ! ,h>pies deliv] ! daught] ( ,p&>eus into ! h&s ( ! ,er9us4 ,we h ?us a v copi\s supply ( in=mation f ,hom]1 9 no less ?an twelve passages1 e "o ( :i* repres5ts ! action ( ^! s+ul> be+s 9 a fre% & v>i$ light3 & ! "q is1 :at is ! "o common idea1 :i* is suffici5tly compreh5sive to include !m all1 & is also 9 h>mony ) ! purport ( ea*8 ,v9dicators ( ! moral ord]4 ,i answ]1 t ! ,er9us are1 9 ! ,hom]ic sy/em1 ! nev]-fail+ *ampions1 because !y are ! practical av5g]s1 ( ! natural & moral ord]1 at all times1 "u all circum/ances1 & aga9/ all p]sons :atsoev]4 ,!y h no?+ to d ) ! prev5tion ( crime3 b !y appe> to be ! pr9cipal in/rum5ts = its puni%m5t1 especially "h1 b likewise h]eaft]4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is only a "p ( _! function4 ,!y are ! sworn s]vants ( a fix$ ord] ( ! univ]se1 ap>t f1 ant]ior to1 & indep5d5t (1 all volition1 div9e or human3 & !y av5ge ! infraction ( t ord]1 n m]ely z a law ( "r oppos$ to wrong1 b z a law ( ord] oppos$ to disord]2 !y are goddesses !mselves1 b !y are :olly ap>t f ! ,olympian disp5sation1 sometimes put 9 conjunction ) deities ( ! my?ology1 sometimes ap>t f1 sometimes 9 opposition to !m4 ,!y are1 9 %ort1 an e>ly & poetical expression ( t philosophy1 :i* ev5 9 ,*ri/ian times has seem$ to seek a f\ndation = ! supreme laws m or less dissociat$ f1 & :olly ext]ior to1 ! ,div9e ,w3 ! philosophy1 n ( ,de/9y1 b ( ! #8,immutable ,morality' ( ,cudwor? & 8 s*ool3 ! philosophy h>moniz+ ) ! ,ideas ( ! ,platoni/s3 ! philosophy ( :i* we h a di/ant glimpse 9 ! words ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 incommutabile e/1 quod ne ipsi quidem ,deo mut>e lib]um e/#ega3 & :i* ,butl] has pres5t$ to u 9 ! mild =ms ( 8 admirably balanc$ wisdom4 #ega ,de ,prcepto et ,disp5satione1 sect4 #h4 ,i w take fir/1 z ! crit]ia ( ?is proposition1 ! rem>kable cases 9 :i* we f9d ! ,er9us ( ,hom] 9 qualifi$ conflict ) ,deity4 ,x is commonly held1 t 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,iliad ! ,er9us int]f]e to prev5t ,xan?us f tell+ too mu* to ,a*illes4 ,no d\bt ,hom] effects ?is purpose by _! means3 b !y nev] int]f]e ) ! aim ( prev5tion4 ,x is ! natural ord] :i* _h be5 brok5 by ! act ( ,juno 9 conf]r+ ! gift ( spee* ^u a horse1 & :i* !y by _! int]position mean to v9dicate & ree/abli%4 ,!y play ! same "p 9 ! case ( ! daught]s ( ,p&>eus4 ,x is pla9 t ! goddesses ( ,olympus _h vi$ ) "o ano!r1 aft] an unprec$5t$ & abnormal mann]1 9 load+ ^! damsels ) an extraord9>y accumulation ( gifts4 ,ev]y?+1 ev5 food1 came to !m by ! direct & imm$iate ag5cy ( _! ,immortal h&maids3 & at la/ ,jupit] 0 actually bes\ght to f9d !m husb&s4 ,all ?is lay f> beyond1 & 0 !re=e 9 d]ogation ( ! ord9>y laws = ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w3 x left no space = human volition1 ef=t1 or discipl9e3 x ?us /ruck at ! root ( ! moral ord]2 & on ?is gr\nd ! ,er9us int]f]e1 app>5tly employ+ ! ,hurricanes z _! ag5ts1 to remove ^! maid5s f ! e>?1 & to deposit !m ^u ! ,ocean /ream1 by ! place ( ! dead4 ,_! op]ation ^u ! ,immortals4 ,i d n "k :e!r1 ov] & above ! infraction ( natural ord] :i* ,i h m5tion$1 !re may n h be5 ano!r cause = _! int]v5tion 9 ! special mann] 9 :i* ! end[m5ts _h be5 convey$3 = :]e we f9d ,juno grant+ to !m #8beauty & s5se beyond all o!r wom5#egb1' x appe>s z if %e _h travell$ into ! prov9ce n only ( ,v5us1 b ( ! great ,m9]va1 ) ^: pr]ogatives ,i d\bt :e!r we ev] f9d any simil> int]f]5ce all[$ by ,hom]4 ,x is !re=e j possible t ! ,er9us may "h int]pose on behalf ( ! laws & arrangem5ts ( ,olympus1 z well z ( ^? belong+ to ,e>?4 #egb ,od4 xx4 #gj4 ,! explanation :i* ,i h propos$ w entirely fit ! w>n+ ( ,iris to ,neptune4 ,! natural ord]1 :i* assigns ! pr]ogatives ( gov]nm5t to ! eld]1 9 o!r words1 ! "r ( primog5iture1 is a rule = ! ,immortals1 z well z = mank9d1 s9ce x is tak5 to be f\nd$ ^u a basis m pr(\nd ?an w1 :i* 0 n1 & c\ld h>dly be = ,hom]1 ev5 :5 div9e1 ei!r ! s\rce or ! ma/] ( creation4 ,b :ile ! ,er9us are ?us on ! side ( ,jupit]1 & :ile ! recollection ( !m at once induces ,neptune to succumb1 !y are n on t acc\nt 9 any s5se or degree 8 m9i/]s4 ,on ! same side ) him we f9d !m1 :]e !y are invok$ by ,ulysses1 z ! ,er9us1 toge!r ) ! gods1 ( ! poor3 or z :5 ,agamemnon lays ^u ,er9s1 along ) ,jupit] & ,de/9y1 ! blame ( errors1 = :i* not)/&+ ! ,greeks rightly held him#egc1 & ev5 he c\ld n d5y himself to be1 responsible4 ,yet we are nev] told t ! ,er9us move at ! bidd+ ( ,jupit]1 or ( any o!r ,olympian deity4 ,"h we seem to h a glimpse into ! deep] tru?s ( ! h]oic age4 ,!ology _h already w&]$ f its orbit3 x 0 fa/ los+ all ! sev]ity & maje/y ( tru?2 b ! deep roots :i* ,god _h giv5 to ! s5se ( responsibility1 & ! expectation ( retribution1 9 ! human m9d1 _h n yet be5 :olly pluck$ up2 & ,hom]'s f9e s5se ( tru? =bade him to connect ! mo/ practical1 & at ! same "t1 ! /]ne/ p>ts ( 8 religi\s sy/em1 ) ! gorge\s gl>e ( 8 ,olympus1 & ) ! moral del9qu5cies ( _m among its inhabitants4 #egc ,il4 xix4 #he1 #f4 ,z ! s5iority ( ,jupit] is upheld by ! ,er9us1 s 9 l mann] are ! p>5tal rights ( ,juno1 :i* _h be5 infr+$ by ,m>s1 :5 he *ang$ sides 9 ! w>4 ,"h aga91 h[ev]1 x appe>s z if m ?an ! m]e wi% or influ5ce ( ,juno _h be5 set aside3 = ,m>s _h giv5 a positive promise to fight = ! ,greeks1 & x is probable t ! brea* ( ?is engagem5t con/itut$ ! *ief "p ( ! (f5ce t !y 7 to puni%#egd4 #egd ,il4 v4 #hcb-d4 ,_! connection ) ,aides & ,p]sephone4 ,:]e ! ,er9us t\* ^u ! prov9ce ( o!r deities at all1 x is ^u t ( ,p]sephone & ( ,ades4 ,if ,hom] associat$ ,p]sephone1 z ,i believe he did1 ) ! ,ea/]n nurs]y ( 8 race1 x 0 natural en\gh t1 z has be5 ! case1 ?is "p ( 8 !o-my?ology %\ld rema9 comp>atively unta9t$4 ,& c]ta9ly ! ,hom]ic relation betwe5 ! ,er9us & ! sov]eigns ( ! ne!r _w is a close "o4 ,:51 9 ! ,n9? ,iliad1 ,al!a1 grasp+ ! e>? 9 h] vehem5ce1 z if to lay ! /rong h& ^u ! object ( h] pray]1 invok$ ,aidoneus & ,p]sephone to put h] son to dea?1 ! ,poet proce$s to say t ! ,er9s he>d h]3 ! ,er9s :o /alks 9 ! d>kness he>d h]1 & he>d h] out ( ,erebus#ege4 ,9 ! case ( ,phnix & ,amyntor we h exactly ! conv]se4 ,"h ! ,er9s 0 invok$1 & x 0 ,aides ) ,p]sephone t answ]$ ! pray]4 ,9 bo? ^! in/ances x mu/ moreov] be rememb]$1 t ! "q is ab\t pres5t & ev5 imm$iate1 n ab\t po/hum\s retribution4 ,we _c1 !n1 refuse to admit1 t 9 ?is mann] ,p]sephone ) ,aidoneus is plac$ 9 an intimate relation ) ! adm9i/ration ( retributive ju/ice on e>?1 & dur+ ! c\rse ( human life !re3 & if ! ,er9us are to be consid]$ z ab/ractions1 hav+ _! basis only 9 "s ult]ior imp]sonation1 ,p]sephone & ,aidoneus (f] ! only objects on :om we c suppose !m to dep5d4 ,x seems to me1 h[ev]1 t !y are n reciprocally id5tifi$1 al?\gh !y are pr(\ndly connect$1 & al?\gh we read 9 ! connection a v anci5t te/imony to a primitive conviction 9 mank9d1 t !y mu/ look to ! p[]s ( ! o!r _w to r$ress ! d]ang$ balances ( ?is4 #ege ,il4 ix4 #efi-gb4 ,con=mably to ^! ideas1 we f9d t1 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,iliad1 ! abode ( ! ,er9us is fix$ 3 & x is made cle> f ! passage 7#bei1 #fj17 t _! av5g+ (fice1 :i* is s commonly ex]cis$ 9 ?is _w1 rea*es also to ! o!r4 ,f ! "* ( ! ,er9us1 z v9dicators ( an ord] hav+ deep] f\ndations ?an ^? :i* any volition c\ld ei!r lay or %ake1 !re arises t natural association ( !m ) ,de/9y1 :i* we see express$ 9 ! spee* ( ,agamemnon#egf4 ,bo? h 9 common ?is idea1 t !y are n dep5d5t on m]e volition4 ,!y diff] 9 ^! po9ts2 t ,de/9y prescribes & effectuates action1 :ile ! ,er9us only puni% transgression2 & t ,de/9y is b feebly moral1 :]eas ! ,er9us are pr(\ndly *>g$ ) e?ical col\r+4 ,!y repres5t t side ( ! idea ( ,de/9y :i* alone c1 aft] be+ resolutely scrut9iz$1 reta9 a hold ^u our int]e/4 #egf ,il4 xix4 #hg4 ,_! op]ation ^u man4 ,all ! residue ( ! ?reads w1 ,i ?9k1 run out easily4 ,x foll[s f :at has be5 said1 t 9 _! aspect t[>ds man1 ! ,er9us are n inde$ adm9i/rators ( ! moral laws !mselves1 b adm9i/rators ( _! sanctions4 ,s !y puni% ! infraction ( ! rights inh]+ 9 all natural relations3 ! rights ( ! poor1 z ,ulysses prote/s to ,ant9\s2 ( a fa!r1 z 9 ! case ( ,amyntor2 ( a "m1 z 9 ! case ( ,p5elope4 ,b !y d mu* m ?an puni% ! infraction ( ! rights ( p]sons2 x is ! infraction ( "r z "r1 :i* !y res5t z a sub/antive (f5ce4 ,let u accord+ly notice ! function ( ! ,er9s 9 ^? cases :]e !re has be5 fault on bo? sides4 ,an (f5d] is n !re=e secure1 because ! p]son :o invokes ! ,er9s ^u him is an (f5d] too4 ,! fa!r ( ,phnix gave ! orig9al occasion to 8 (f5ce1 by an (f5ce ( 8 own3 b ,phnix is puni%$ at 8 in/ance not)/&+1 because ! ?+ :i* he implores is n a p]sonal fav\r1 b is a v9dication ( ! #egg1 violat$ by ! ince/ ( 8 son2 a ?+ "r to be done1 :e!r ask$ or n4 ,! case ( ,al!a & ,meleag] illu/rates ?is tru? 9 a mann] /ill m lively4 ,:5 %e obta9$ ! int]v5tion ( ! ,er9s1 %e at once suff]$ by x4 ,! city ( neus 0 all b subject$ to ! horrors ( capture3 %e 0 br\ght1 9 bitt] humiliation1 to supplicate ! aid ( ! son1 on ^: head %e _h j invok$ ! /roke ( doom4 ,f ?is we mu/ conclude1 :i* inde$ is n difficult1 t ! ,poet reg>d$ h] pray] z 9 itself unnatural & cruel2 s t ! fulfilm5t ( x involv$ imm$iate suff]+ to h]self4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,meleag] _h (f5d$ too1 9 ! slaught] ( a ne> relative4 ,!re=e1 al?\gh 8 pride might well be gratifi$ :5 he saw k+1 prie/1 & p1 ) 8 humbl$ "m1 at 8 feet1 & pr(f]+ _! *oice/ gift 9 ord] to appease him1 yet = t orig9al (f5ce1 & = 8 ob/9ately refus+ to arm until fire 0 9 ! city1 he mu/ receive 8 puni%m5t likewise1 9 v9dication ( ! moral laws2 accord+ly1 aft] he _h repuls$ ! enemy1 he nev] receiv$ ! demesne#egh4 #egg ,soph4 d4 ,rex1 #hff4 #egh ,il4 ix4 #eih4 ,! case ( ,meleag] assi/s to illu/rate t ( dipus & ,epica/e4 ,bo? ( ^! unhappy p]sons _h (f5d$ aga9/ ! moral laws1 ?\gh x 0 unwitt+ly 7 72 "o1 ! "m-bride1 0 imm$iately put out ( ! way3 ! survivor 0 /ill pursu$ by ! 4 ,we see "h h[ insuffici5t ! idea ( a curse1 invok$ at w1 is to expla9 ! action ( ^! rem>kable ,p[]s2 = x does n appe> t !re 0 any "m's curse 9 ! case3 b1 because ! natural laws 7 brok5 9 a matt] :]e ! "m 0 ! occasion1 !re=e1 :ile bo? suff]1 ! suff]+s ( ! son are attribut$ to ! ,er9us ( ! "m2 ! def5d]s1 because ! av5g]s1 ( ! sanctity ( a "m's place 9 relation to h] son4 ,9 ! case ( ,melampus1 x appe>s t 8 und]tak+ to obta9 ! c[s ( ,iphicles or ,phylacus 0 an 1 a grave error1 beg9n+ 9 a temptation sugge/$ to him by ! ,er9s1 & end+ 9 calamity4 ,! seizure ( ^! animals w\ld probably be reg>d$ z no moral (f5ce3 & if s1 any error t c\ld lie 9 ! engagem5t to seize !m w\ld be1 accord+ to ,hom]ic e/imate1 9 ! nature ( folly r ?an ( crime4 ,we seem to see1 !n1 9 ?is place1 t ! range ( ,er9s1 l t ( ,at1 embrac$ at a c]ta9 po9t ! prud5tial z well z ! /rictly moral laws3 nor is !re involv$ 9 ?is idea any viol5t dep>ture f ! true /&>d1 = great imprud5ces are mo/ commonly1 & almo/ inv>iably1 9 ne> connection ) "s =m ( moral defect4 ,x is h[ev] also to be obs]v$1 t 9 ?is place ! ,er9s sugge/s ! 4 ,! idea ly+ at ! root ( ?is repres5tation appe>s to be ! pr(\nd "o1 t ! ex]cise ( an evil w is 9 itself p5al3 & t :5 ! m9d is already dispos$ to (f5d1 retributive ju/ice may take ! =m ( a p]mission1 enc\ragem5t1 or incitem5t1 to commit ! (f5ce4 ,we h already se5 a v rem>kable developm5t ( ?is idea 9 ! h>d5+ ag5cy ( ,m9]va ^u ! ,suitors#egi4 #egi ,sup4 sect4 ii4 p4 #aag-i4 ,accord+ to ! view ( !m :i* has "h be5 giv51 ?\gh ,i c\ld n class ! ,er9us ) ! traditive deities1 x is cle> t !y mu/ repres5t1 "u metamorphosis1 an important association ( ideas belong+ to primitive tradition4 ,let u n[ turn to ! ,six? ,class4 ,! translation ( mortals4 ,^? = :om x 0 a m5tal necessity to animate ) deity ev5 ! mute p[]s ( nature1 c\ld n b f9d modes ( associat+ man1 :o /ood ne>] to ! ,immortals1 ) !m & _! conditions ( exi/5ce4 ,^! modes 7 *iefly ?ree3 ,! fir/1 t ( translation dur+ life4 ,! second1 t ( deification aft] dea?4 ,! ?ird1 ! conception ( races int]m$iate betwe5 deity & humanity4 ,& x 0 p]haps n ! simple work+ ( a f]vid imag9ation1 b also an (f%oot f ?is pr(\nd & p[]ful t5d5cy1 :i* has fill$ ! pages ( ,hom] ) cont9ual ef=ts to deify :at 0 mo/ excell5t1 or mo/ conspicu\s1 9 ! m9d or 9 ! p]son ( liv+ man4 ,! mode ( translation dur+ life 0 e>ly 9 date1 & 0 r>ely us$1 = n only are ! ,hom]ic examples ( x few1 b he records no contempor>y in/ance4 ,ganym$e#ehj1 ! son ( ,tros1 0 tak5 up to heav5 by ! ,immortals on acc\nt ( 8 beauty1 t he might live among !m4 ,ti?onus1 8 gr&-nephew1 son ( ,laom$on1 01 z we are left to inf]1 simil>ly translat$ dur+ life1 to be ! husb& ( ,aurora 79 ,hom] ,eos71 or ! morn+3 = ,hom] makes him kn[n to u 9 t capacity1 ?\gh he does n m5tion ! translation4 ,9 l mann]1 %e c>ri$ up1 & plac$ among ! ,immortals = 8 beauty1 ,cleitus1 "o ( ! desc5dants ( ,melampus#eha4 ,a simil> op]ation to t :i* 0 p]=m$ ^u ,ti?onus may h be5 design$ 9 ! case ( ,orion1 :o 0 ! *oice ( ,aurora1 & ^: c>e]1 9 consequ5ce ( ! jeal\sy ( ! ,immortals1 0 cut %ort by ! arr[s ( ,diana#ehb4 ,! c\rse ( ^! leg5ds seems to /op sudd5ly 9 ! ,greek my?ology at ! po9t :]e !y are replac$ by deification3 & ! connection ( ,aurora1 z ! pr9cipal ag5t1 ) ?ree out ( ! f\r1 7! o!r1 too1 is ,asiatic1 z be+ 9 ! family ( ,d>danus17 seems to be an unequivocal sign ( _! ea/]n "*4 ,hom] places ! dwell+ ( at a di/ant po9t ( ! ,ea/1 ne> ! place :]e communicates ) ,ocean4 #ehj ,il4 xx4 #bcc4 #eha ,od4 xv4 #bej4 #ehb ,od4 v4 #abj4 ,! deification ( mortals4 ,9 ! age ( ,hom] ! v fir/ names h h>dly be5 ent]$ 9 ! class ( deifi$ h]oes4 ,ino1 ! daught] ( ,cadmus1 may be said to /& at ! head ( ! li/1 f ! di/9ct ass]tion ( h] translation1 & f h] be+ plac$1 z ! ally ( ,ulysses1 9 cont9u$ relations ) mortal m5#ehc4 ,( h] also x is said t %e _h obta9$ div9e hon\rs2 & ne>ly ! same ass]tion is made ( ,ca/or & ,pollux4 ,b !y p]=m no (fices t[>ds man :ile yet 9 ?is life4 ,( ?is ,ino is ! only in/ance4 ,%e appe>s to be ,phnician r ?an ,greek1 & ?us to belong p]haps to an old]1 cle>ly to a di/9ct my?ology4 ,h]cules1 ! only "o ( ^! p]sons :o entirely fulfils ! conditions ( a h]o1 is admitt$ to ! banquets ( ! gods1 & unit$ ) ,hebe#ehd3 yet he is n all 9 ,olympus1 = 8 1 end[$ ) voice & feel+1 & be>+ m>tial acc\trem5ts1 is ! t]ror ( ! ,dead4 ,x is n easy to expla9 fully ?is divid$ /ate4 ,i _c b ?9k1 h[ev]1 t we see "h at "w t pr9ciple ( dis9tegration1 :i* solv$ all riddles ( "* by mak+ "o individual into m ?an "o3 beg9n+1 at lea/ = e>?1 ) t ,hel5 9 ,egypt1 :o 0 made ! depository ( ! bett] qualities t po/-,hom]ic times c\ld n recognise 9 ,hel5 ( ,troy4 ,al?\gh ! son ( ,jupit]1 ,h]cules _h on e>?1 ?r\gh a %e] mi/ake1 be5 subject to a de/9y ( gr9d+ toil4 ,8 orig9al extraction & p]sonality /& 9 %>p contra/ ) ! re/less & pa9ful de/9y ( 8 life4 ,dea? sev]s ^! "o f ! o!r1 b ,hom]1 contemplat+ ea* z a :ole1 end[s ! la/ also ) p]sonality1 & gives x a reflection 9 ! l[] _w ( its e>?ly c\rse & aspect3 :ile ! ,jove-born ,h]cules1 z x 7 by a natural spr+1 m\nts up to heav5#ehe4 ,at ! same "t !re is no m conspicu\s example ?an ,h]cules1 ( t c\nt]-pr9ciple ( accumulation1 by :i* leg5d>y tradition heaps ^u fav\rite h]oes all acts n di/9ctly o!rwise appropriat$1 :i* appe> to h>monize ) _! *>act]s2 & ?us (t5 makes an hi/orical p]sonage into "o bo? fabul\s & impossible4 #ehc ,od4 v4 #ccc1 #dfa4 #ehd ,od4 xi4 #fja4 #ehe ,i h allud$ else:]e 7sect4 ii4 p4 #afi7 to ano!r possible explanation3 two aspects ( "* may be exhibit$ 9 ! two images4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ?is passage respect+ ,h]cules 0 %>ply *all5g$ by ! ,alex&rian critics4 ,?is *all5ge is discuss$1 & its ju/ice affirm$ by ,nitzs*#ehf4 ,su* au?orities mu/ n be defraud$ ( _! weight4 ,b = my own "p1 ,i d n f9d a pro( ( spuri\sness ev5 9 ! real inconsi/5cies ( ,hom]1 :]e he is deal+ ) subjects beyond ! range ( common life & exp]i5ce4 ,/ill less c x be univ]sally admitt$1 t :at are call$ 8 inconsi/5cies are really su*4 ,!y w (t5 be f\nd to require no?+ b ! application ( a m compreh5sive rule = _! adju/m5t4 #ehf ad ,odyss4 xi4 #fja-d4 ,x is m difficult /ill to und]/& ! case ( ,orion1 :o is at once a not$ /> 9 heav51 & a suff]] bel[ 9 ! ,%ades4 ,!re he appe>s n :olly unlike ! %ade ( ,h]cules1 a dreamy image ( ! suff]+s ( e>?1 & at ! same "t he ranks among ! spl5d\rs at lea/ ( ! mat]ial heav54 ,m9os1 :o is plac$ 9 ! ,%ades to ex]cise royal functions !re1 & ,rhadaman?us1 :o has 8 happy dwell+ on ! ,elysian pla91 are approximative examples ( deification4 ,x w\ld be haz>d\s to build any op9ion exclusively on ! two v]ses ,il4 ii4 #eej1 #eea1 relat+ to ! wor%ip ( ,ere*!us3 b !y are n altoge!r at v>iance ) :at we see else:]e4 ,gr[? ( mat]ial = its ext5sion4 ,su* is ! r sl5d] li/ ( p]sonages 9 ,hom]1 :o approximate 9 any degree to :at 0 aft]w>ds ! ord] ( deifi$ ,h]oes4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "s o!r indications1 t belong imm$iately to ! liv+1 & t po9t ! same way4 ,su* is ! promise to ,m5elaus#ehg1 t in/ead ( dy+ he %\ld be translat$ to ,elysium1 because he 0 ! son-9-law ( ,jupit]4 ,& ?is sugge/s o!r notes ( prep>ation already f\nd 9 ,hom]4 ,ulysses#ehh promises ,nausicaa t1 :5 he has rea*$ 8 own c\ntry1 he w cont9ue to invoke h] all 8 life long1 l a god4 ,! invocation ( ! ,dead 0 common4 ,x 0 n practis$ only 9 illu/ri\s cases l t ( ,patroclus4 ,aft] _! battle ) ! ,cicones1 ,ulysses#ehi & 8 crews ?rice invok$ _! slaught]$ comrades4 ,a sy/em ( div9e p>5tage 0 ! fit1 "o might almo/ say ! c]ta9 prep>ation = a s*eme ( div9e hon\rs aft] dea?2 & ( su* p>5tage _m ( ,hom]'s h]oes c\ld boa/4 ,aga91 ,peleus 0 m>ri$ to a goddess1 & ! gods 9 mass att5d$ ! w$d+4 ,by ?us br++ ! inhabitants ( ,olympus d[n to ! e>?1 ,hom] laid ! gr\nd = br++ ! d5iz5s ( e>? into ,olympus4 #ehg ,od4 iv4 #efa4 #ehh ,od4 viii4 #dfg4 #ehi ,od4 ix4 #fe4 ,!re is yet a fur!r sign1 :i*1 ?\gh p]haps ! lea/ palpable1 is1 :5 well consid]$1 ! mo/ /rik+ ( all4 ,x is ?is2 t sacrifice is (f]$1 9 ! ,odyssey1 to ! ,%ades ( ! dep>t$4 ,x is n inde$ animal sacrifice t is actually (f]$4 ,! gift consi/s ( honey & milk1 ) w9e1 wat]1 & fl\r#eij3 b ,ulysses di/9ctly promises t1 on 8 return to ,i?aca1 he w supply ?is defect by (f]+ a heif] 9 _! hon\r1 & a %eep all black to ,tiresias 9 p>ticul>4 ,moreov]1 he di/9ctly recognises ! idea ( wor%ipp+ !m#eia2 #eij ,od4 xi4 #bf4 #eia ,od4 xi4 #bi4 4 ,x does n de/roy ! =ce ( ?is proce$+1 t !y 7 suppos$ to ne$ or to enjoy ! ?+ sacrific$2 = ! ,immortals ( ,olympus did ! latt] at lea/1 & !re are ev5 traces ( ! =m]4 ,toge!r ) ! mix$ (f]+ above describ$1 & ! promise ( a regul> sacrifice on 8 return home1 ,ulysses p]mitt$ ! ,%ades to dr9k ( ! blood ( ! %eep :i* he immolat$ on ! spot to ,aidoneus & ,p]sephone1 aft] he _h fulfill$ ! ma9 purpose ( 8 visit by consult+ ,tiresias#eib4 #eib ,od4 xi4 #aec1 #bcj4 ,! dead !n h consci\sness & activity4 ,!y are invok$ by man4 ,!y c appe> to him4 ,!y are capable ( hav+ sacrifices (f]$ to !m4 ,!y c conf] b5efit on ! liv+4 ,"h1 ga!r$ out ( diff]5t cases1 7 ! mat]ials ( full deification4 ,all t 0 yet want+ 01 t !y %\ld be put toge!r accord+ to rule4 ,! k9dr$ ( ! gods4 ,we h n[1 la/ly1 to consid] ! k9dr$ ( ! gods1 or races int]m$iate betwe5 deity & humanity1 :i* ,hom] has introduc$ 9 ! ,odyssey exclusively4 ,^! are c]ta9ly ?ree1 p]haps f\r2 #a4 ,! ,cyclopes4 #b4 ,! ,l/rygonians4 #c4 ,! ,phacians4 ,x may also be probable t we %\ld add #d4 olus ,hippotades & 8 family4 ,among !m all1 ! ,cyclopes1 *ildr5 ( ,neptune1 (f]1 z a "w ( art1 by f> ! mo/ successful & satisfactory result4 ,9 e po9t !y are plac$ at ! greate/ possible di/ance f human society & its conv5tions4 ,man is small1 ! ,cyclops huge4 ,man is weak1 ! ,cyclops p[]ful4 ,man is greg>i\s1 ! ,cyclops is isolat$4 ,man1 = ,hom]1 is ref9$2 ! ,cyclops is a cannibal4 ,man inquires1 se>*es1 designs1 con/ructs1 advances1 9 a ^w1 is progressive3 ! ,cyclops simply uses ! %elt] & ! food t nature f9ds = him1 & is ?or\ghly /ation>y4 ,yet1 :ile man is subject to dea?1 ! ,cyclops lives on1 or vegetates at lea/1 & transmits ! privileges ( 8 race by virtue ( its high orig9al4 ,! relax$ morality ( ! div9e se$1 z comp>$ ) man1 is traceable ev5 9 _! slight cu/oms4 ,!y are polygam\s3 ' #eic4 #eic ,od4 ix4 #aae4 ,f _! p]sonal *>act]s ! moral elem5t has be5 entirely dismiss$4 ,polyphemus is a huge mass ( =ce1 season$ p]haps ) cunn+1 c]ta9ly ) fals5ess4 ,?is union ( a sup]human life ) ! brutal1 t dwells 9 solitude1 & has none ( its angles rubb$ d[n by ! mutual contact betwe5 memb]s ( a race1 produces a mix$ result ( extreme f]ocity1 *ildi%ness1 & a k9d ( horrible glee1 :i* z a "w ( art is mo/ /rik+ & successful4 ,we may ju/ly ?9k mu* ( ,caliban3 b ,caliban _c = a mom5t be comp>$ to ,polyphemus4 ,x is equitable1 h[ev]1 to rememb] t contra/ ) ,ariel1 :i* mu/ h be5 a gov]n+ condition 9 ! creation ( ,%akespe>e1 requir$ a nature :i* %\ld be fatu\s & grovell+1 z well z co>se4 ,to fe$ ,polyphemus1 :at lies ne>e/ him1 namely1 ! ,l/rygonian adv5ture1 has1 p]haps1 be5 />v$4 ,aga9 we are introduc$ to cruel ,giants & to cannibalism1 b ) a great scant9ess ( detail4 ,_! individuality is sc>cely e/abli%$4 ,_! only m>k$ qualities !y hold 9 common ) ! ,cyclopes1 except z to a s+le po9t1 namely1 t !y live greg>i\sly4 ,we see _! city1 & are introduc$ to _! k+1 _! que51 & _! pr9cess#eid4 ,b a too great lik5ess to ! ,cyclops /ill sugge/s itself2 & x is probable t 9 bo? ! "o & ! o!r ,hom] set be=e him1 among ! mat]ials ( 8 "w1 t old tradition ( p[]ful be+s1 alli$ to ! deity1 & yet rebelli\s aga9/ him1 :i* meets u 9 s _m =ms1 disp]s$ ab\t ! ,hom]ic poems1 & :i* ! lat] tradition1 by fur!r multiplication & v>iety1 resolv$ into a liv+ *aos4 #eid ,od4 x4 #aje-ae4 ,! ,phacians appe> to /& q 9 ano!r category4 ,:ile ! ,cyclops has no trace ( deity b 9 sup]human =ce1 ! ,phacians h no pret5sions ( ?is k9d4 ,!y are n ev5 immortal1 nor are !y :olly remov$ f man1 = !y are accu/om$ to c>ry pass5g]s by sea2 !y seem really to be meant 9 a measure to repres5t ! 4 ,we mu/ n look too rigidly 9 !m = notes ( ! div9e "*1 b r = ! abundance1 opul5ce1 ease1 & ref9em5t ( ! div9e condition4 ,h5ce ,hom] lavi%es all ! simple weal? ( 8 imag9ation ^u ! palace & g>d5 ( ,alc9\s1 :i* f> exce$s any possessions he has assign$ to ord9>y m54 ,?is additional spl5d\r ( itself proves1 if pro( 7 want$1 t ! picture is ideal4 ,! same am\nt ( ornam5t assign$ to ! palace ( ,m5elaus w\ld1 f ! contra/ ) fact1 probably h be5 frigid to 8 he>]s4 ,f ! games & a?letic ex]cises ( ?is p all ! rud] & m viol5t sports are exclud$4 ,navigation1 to o!rs s =midable1 = !m is conduct$ by a spontane\s =ce & intellig5ce resid+ 9 _! %ips2 :i* annihilates di/ance1 & at la/ excites ev5 ! jeal\sy ( ,neptune 7,od4 viii4 #eee-fi74 ,we f9d 9 ! isl& & 9 its hi/ory no pov]ty1 no grief1 no c>e1 no want2 all is fair to see & to enjoy4 ,b we feel ?ankful to ,hom] t he has n "h1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,cyclops1 made k9 ) ! gods entail a m>k$ moral or intellectual inf]iority ^u ! sons ( m52 no pur] or m graceful piece ( humanity is to be f\nd among ! creations ( ! human bra91 ?an 8 picture ( ,nausicaa4 ,%e comb9es 9 h]self all t e>? c\ld sugge/ ( bright1 & pure1 & fair4 ,/ill x _c be d5i$ t levity & vanity are r conspicu\s 9 ! ,phacian m54 ,!y %ew (f1 among o!r sports1 _! box+ & wre/l+1 be=e !y "k :at ,ulysses is made (4 ,:5 !y "k x1 ,alc9\s in=ms him 9 an (f-h& way t !y d n pret5d to excell5ce 9 t class ( sports#eie4 ,aft] ! danc]s h p]=m$1 ,ulysses ) great tact at once passes a high complim5t ^u !m4 ,alc9\s1 delight$ ) ! praise1 cries al\d1 #8,phacian *iefs6 ?is /rang] appe>s to me to be an extremely s5sible man#eif4' #eie ,od4 viii4 #ajb4 #bdf4 #eif ,ibid4 #cgh-hh4 ,x appe>s1 h[ev]1 mo/ likely t1 besides ! my?ical elem5t 9 two ( !m1 ,hom] may h _h "s basis ( m>itime report1 & ?us ( presum$ fact1 = 8 del9eations ( all ^! ?ree races2 t1 ) an unlimit$ lic5se ( embelli%m5t1 he1 nev]!less1 may h int5d$ 9 ea* case to keep unbrok5 ! tie betwe5 8 own tale1 & ! voyages ( ,ulysses1 f\nd$ ^u ,phnician geography1 z report$ 9 8 "t4 ,i =m ?is op9ion p>tly f "s s+ul>ities 9 ! ,phacian "*1 :i*1 z !y are n 9 keep+ ) any poetic idea1 may probably h _h an hi/oric aim1 ?\gh ,i _c be p]suad$ t !y af=d a f\ndation broad en\gh = ! full !ory ( ,mure#eig1 if he conceives ! ,phacians ( ! ,odyssey to be /rictly a portrait ( ! ,phnicians4 ,p>tly ,i draw ! inf]5ce f ! want ( cle> sev]ance 9 ! ideals1 on :i* ! *>act]s ( ! ,cyclops & ! ,l/rygones are sev]ally f\nd$4 ,! rem>kable natural *>act]i/ic ( ,l/rygonia :i* he has giv5 u1 its p]petual day1 supports ! same hypo!sis4 ,:at w\ld o!rwise am\nt to pov]ty 9 ! imag]y is suffici5tly acc\nt$ =1 if we assume t he meant to describe two savage tribes1 t inhabit$ ! latitudes ) :i* he 0 deal+2 & t1 feel+ himself b\nd to brutality 9 ea* case1 he has1 "u ^! unfav\rable circum/ances1 v>i$ x z mu* z he c\ld4 ,unless x _h be5 to pres]ve an hi/orical or my?ological tradition1 ! ,l/rygonian adv5ture might h>dly h des]v$ introduction into ! ,odyssey4 ,pla9ly1 on ! o!r h&1 he is n to be held responsible = all t he has put d[n :ile he believ$ himself to be con=m+ to n>ratives ( fact1 9 ! same mann] & degree z if he _h be5 pres5t+ u ) a picture 9 :i* 8 fancy _h only to "w at w4 #eig ,lit4 ,greece1 vol4 i4 p4 #eaj4 ,! rema9+ case is slight1 & may spe$ily be dismiss$4 olus is 1 & is intru/$ ) ! *>ge ( ! w9ds2 & 8 six sons are m>ri$ to 8 six daught]s1 z #eih4 ,! ^w may be> ! s5se ( relation%ip3 immortality seems to be ( necessity involv$ 9 ! *>ge ov] ! w9ds1 :o are !mselves 9 ! ,iliad 79 ?is po9t v>y+ poetically f ! ,odyssey7 inve/$ ) deity#eii3 & ! m>riage ( ! sons to ! daught]s af=ds ano!r absolute pro(3 = ?is1 :i* w\ld h be5 ince/1 1 among m51 is evid5tly set d[n z 9 _! case a legitimate connection4 ,! great example 9 ! ,kronid family w\ld give x full sanction = ! ,immortals4 #eih ,od4 x4 #b1 #ba1 #aa4 #eii ,ngelsba*1 ,hom4 ,!ol4 ,,ii4 #ab1 holds ! opposite op9ion4 ,! "* ( olus1 if he be human1 is "o k9dly to 8 fell[-m52 & he inquires c>efully respect+ ! fate ( ! ,greeks & _! *iefta9s4 ,b x is v difficult to und]/& 8 place 9 ! poem1 & ! reasons ( x4 ,! gift ( ,zephyr1 & ! folly ( ! crew 9 lett+ out ! :ole pack ( w9ds1 end only 9 ! return ( ,ulysses to olia1 & 9 8 be+ dismiss$ f !nce z "o hateful to ! gods1 :i* he 0 n4 ,?is olus nei!r seems to be requir$ =1 nor to contribute to1 ! g5]al purpose ( ! poem3 nor to repres5t any anci5t tradition3 nor c we 9 any mann] connect him ) olus1 ! great national p]sonage ^: desc5dants 7 s illu/ri\s1 = t olus 0 cle>ly tak5 to be ! son or imm$iate desc5dant ( ,jupit]2 s t he c\ld n h be5 call$ ! son ( ,hippotas4 ,p]haps ! orig9 ( 8 place 9 ! ,odyssey 0 to be f\nd 9 "s ,phnician report ab\t /orms 9 ! nor!rn seas1 :]e olia is evid5tly plac$ 9 complete isolation1 figur$ by ! %e] & /eep rock ( ! coa/1 & by ! metal wall :i* runs r\nd x4 ,x may h a p>tial prototype 9 ,/romboli misplac$1 ! appe>ance ( :i* f a di/ance entirely accords ) ?is p>ticul> ( inaccessibility4 ,! :ole picture1 repres5t+ z x does1 fir/1 ! f]ocity ( ! w9ds1 &1 secondly1 ! exi/5ce ( an effici5t control ov] !m1 evid5tly embodies two features :i* c\ld n b ent] v>i\sly & prom95tly into ! tales ( ,phnician m>9]s2 fir/1 ! fi]c5ess ( ! gales prevail+ 9 ^? out] latitudes1 to det] o!rs f attempt+ !m2 & secondly1 _! successful conte/ ) ! difficulty ?us creat$ 9 ord] to glorify !mselves4 ,,sect4 ,v4 ,! ,olympian ,community & its ,memb]s1 consid]$ 9 !mselves4 ,! sub/itution ( poly!ism = ! mono!i/ic pr9ciple n only br\ght d[n deity 9 ! measure ( its attributes or faculties t[>ds man1 b creat$ a necessity = a div9e economy or polity1 :i* %\ld regulate ! relations ( ! ,immortals4 ,?is polity c\ld be no o!r ?an human1 & no o!r1 z x seems1 ?an a some:at det]iorat$ copy f its e>?ly orig9al4 ,! family ord] 9 ,olympus4 ,accord+ly1 ! ,olympian ,immortals ( ,hom] are comb9$ 9 a society4 ,!y are n a m]e aggregate ( be+s1 class$ toge!r by ! m9d 9 virtue ( ! possession ( common prop]ties1 b !y live 9 tw(old relations3 fir/1 ^? ( ! family1 or at lea/ ( desc5t & consangu9ity2 secondly1 ^? e/abli%$ by a political organization1 :i* is modell$ accord+ to ! =ms ( ! ,greek polities subsi/+ 9 ! ,hom]ic age4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ,olympus is1 ?\gh ! use ( ! ^w may at fir/ excite a smile1 9 pr9ciple con/itutional4 ,jupit] is its head4 ,its ord9>y c\ncil or ari/ocracy is repres5t$ by ! body ( su* deities z h palaces !re1 con/ruct$ = !m by ,vulcan1 :o ex]cises 9 ! community ! d\ble function at once ( ar*itect & artific]#fjj4 #fjj ,il4 i4 #fjf-h4 ,! imm$iate relation%ip ( ne>ly all ^! div9ities to ,jupit] is record$4 ,z 8 bro!rs1 we h ,neptune1 & ,aidoneus1 or ,pluto4 ,z 8 wives1 we h ,juno1 ! *ief2 ,latona1 ,dione1 & probably ,demet]1 second>y4 ,z 8 *ildr51 we h ,m9]va1 ,apollo & ,diana1 ,m>s & ,vulcan1 ,v5us1 ,m]cury1 ,hebe4 ,( ! ,n9ete5 ,deities :o appe> to be c]ta9ly ,olympian1 !re are only f\r t d n fall at once into ! family ord]3 !y are ,!mis1 1 ,iris1 & ,paieon4 ,!re may h be5 a relation%ip cr$it$ 9 ^! cases also1 ?\gh x is n record$4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 t ,jupit] is expressly inve/$ ) ! title ( ,fa!r ( ! gods4 ,& p]haps ! idea int5d$ to be convey$ is t ( a family :i* has gr[n into a sept or clan1 hav+ ?is = its di/9ctive "*1 t all ! memb]s ( x1 great & small1 h ei!r a ne>] or a m remote relation%ip to ! head4 ,( ! m9or deities1 9 v>i\s cases x is record$1 t !y are daught]s ( ,jupit]2 su* z ! ,muses1 ! ,pray]s1 & ! ,nymphs ( mo/ ord]s4 ,b ^! h ! appe>ance ( belong+ to ,hom]'s poetry1 m ?an to 8 my?ology4 ,among male deities1 ! sons ( ,jupit] are all 9 ,olympus3 ^? ( ,neptune take l[] rank4 ,:atev] be its relation to ! family nucleus1 ! community ( ,olympus is fully =m$4 ,besides ,jupit] ! head1 & ! ord9>y assembly1 its ,c\ncil or ,c\rt1 :i* answ]s to ! ( ! ,greeks1 x has its ,agor1 a great] ,assembly or ,p>liam5t call$ toge!r ^u crises ( extraord9>y solemnity1 su* z ! decision by ma9 =ce ( ! fate ( ,troy4 ,b z we h no example1 except ! facti\s & utt]ly odi\s ,!rsites1 ( any "o ( ! commonalty :o takes an actual "p 9 debate among m51 s ! m9or deities1 too1 are mute 9 heav54 ,nay1 ! resemblance is ev5 clos] ?an ?is4 ,! ,greek 1 & also ! 1 h _! speak+ or lead+ p]sonages1 & !y likewise h ea* _! sil5t memb]s4 ,! lead]s are ,agamemnon1 ,ne/or1 ,ulysses1 & ,diom$2 ! la/-nam$ *iefta9 always ) mode/y1 z a p]son lately come to full age4 ,a*illes d\btless w\ld h _h to be add$1 if ! action ( ! poem _h p]mitt$ him to appe> ?r\gh\t its debates4 ,b we nev] he> ( ! ,ajaxes1 ,idom5eus1 or *iefs l ,eurypylus1 z tak+ any active %>e 9 ! proce$+s4 ,ev5 s ! discussions ( ,olympus appe> to be conduct$ commonly by ,jupit]1 ,juno1 ,neptune#fja1 ,m9]va1 & ,apollo#fjb4 ,once ,vulcan int]poses1 9 8 "m's int]e/3 possibly he may h be5 sugge/$ to ! ,poet by ,!rsites#fjc z a t]re/rial c\nt]p>t4 ,! ,sun appeals to ! ,assembly 9 ! ,odyssey1 z a p>ty 9 8 own cause3 b nei!r he nor ,v5us1 nor ,m>s1 nor ,m]cury1 nor any o!r subord9ate deity1 ev] appe>s z tak+ "p 9 a discussion4 #fja ,il4 vii4 #dde4 #fjb ,il4 xxiv4 #cc4 #fjc ,il4 i4 #ega4 ,! t]m 1 or assembly1 is us$ 9 ,hom] = ! meet+s ( ! deities only on c]ta9 occasions3 namely1 at ! op5+s ( ! ,eigh? & ,tw5tie? ,books#fjd4 ,! o!r1 or ord9>y meet+s1 h no di/9ctive "n4 ,we may "k !m by _! n dep5d+ on any summons or introduction1 & by ! frequ5t m5tion1 ei!r ( ! banquet z proce$+1 or ( ! cup z 9 ! h&s ( ! deities4 ,!y 7 /&+ assemblages ( ! deities1 ! law ( ^: life 0 leisure1 ) prolong$ ?\gh n intemp]ate fea/+2 & its ord9>y sc5e ,olympus4 ,_! correspond5ce ) ! mu/ n be press$ too f>1 = !y d n1 l ! ,greek 1 commonly prec$e an ,assembly4 ,x is to be rememb]$1 t ! 0 an ,hell5ic in/itution1 & t ! gods 7 n exclusively ,hell5ic1 ?\gh ,olympus 0 ess5tially national4 #fjd ,il4 viii4 #b4 & xx4 #d4 ,! political ord] 9 ,olympus4 ,! analogy betwe5 ! div9e & ! human is e/abli%$ 9 a po9t$ =m by ! ,poet himself2 :o makes ,!mis ! pursuivant or ,summon]#fje = ! =m]2 & also says ( h]1 ) respect to ! latt]1 #fje ,il4 xx4 #d4 ' 1 #fjf4 #fjf ,od4 ii4 #fi4 ,! ackn[l$gm5t ( a rule ( "r1 extr9sic & sup]ior to ourselves1 is g5]al 9 ! ,assemblies ( m5 9 ,hom]1 :5 meet+ = bus9ess4 ,?is !re c\ld n be 9 ! ,assemblies ( ! ,olympian gods4 ,nei!r does respect = au?ority & = tradition well h>monize ) ! idea ( be+s1 :o are possess$ ( unb\nd$1 or at ! lea/ ( greatly ext5d$ intellig5ce4 ,?us1 l ! individual deities1 ! div9e ,assemblies1 & ! entire ,polity1 are depriv$ ( ! greate/ moral safegu>ds ( _! c\nt]p>ts on e>?4 ,! consequ5ce is1 t _! e?ical tone is mu* l[]4 ,=ce is ! only effective sanction ( au?ority among ! ,immortals4 ,?is is curi\sly exhibit$ 9 ! ,!oma*y3 = t battle takes place :5 ! fate ( ,troy1 :i* =m$ ! matt] 9 dispute1 has already be5 long ago decid$4 ,:5ev] a difficulty arises1 :i* w be> t mode ( treatm5t1 ,jupit] resorts to ! ?reat ( us+ x1 ev5 aga9/ div9ities s dignifi$ & p[]ful z ,m9]va1 ,neptune1 & ,juno4 ,sometimes1 inde$1 he p>ades x by anticipation1 ev5 :5 no symptom ( disaffection has yet be5 exhibit$4#fjg ,s1 on ! o!r h&1 fraud is ! res\rce ( ! weak1 z viol5ce is ( ! /rong4 ,juno1 unable to organize a comb9ation aga9/ h] husb&1 devises a trick4 #fjg ,il4 viii4 #aj4 ,! deities1 !n1 are n "u any effective e?ical re/ra9t2 & ! only in/ances 9 :i* ! highly moral s5tim5t ( is m5tion$ z gov]n+ !m 9 _! reciprocal conduct are cases ( ! two great traditive div9ities1 ,m9]va & ,apollo1 ) ref]5ce to _! uncle ,neptune1 & ( ,jupit]1 9 ^: case x is a s5tim5t ( polit5ess r ?an ( duty1 ) ref]5ce to ,!tis#fjh4 #fjh ,il4 xxiv4 #aaa4 ,b1 al?\gh moral pr9ciple & religi\s rev]5ce are abs5t1 two pr9ciples ( consid]able value & utility rema94 ,"o ( !m is a c]ta9 c\rtesy or comity1 :i* prevails 9 ! abs5ce ( /rong c\nt]vail+ causes4 ,secondly1 ! p[] ( intellig5ce is v visible 9 ! work+ ( _! polity4 ,x is n ! m]e wi% ( ,jupit]1 x is 8 c\nsel1 :i* is fulfill$ 9 ! ,trojan w>4 ,& aga91 x is n 8 individual c\nsel1 b x is ! decision :i* he adopts 9 compliance ) ! g5]al s5tim5t ( ! gods#fji4 ,he c\ld be well cont5t to let ,troy /&1 because ( ! abundance ( its (f]+s2 b he sees t if he attempts to give effect to su* a plan z he w\ld p]sonally pref]1 he mu/ enc\nt] ! /ubborn resi/ance ( ! ?ree /ronge/ deities1 ,neptune1 ,juno1 & ,m9]va4 ,p]haps ?is diff]5ce ( op9ion might issue 9 ! %ape ( a w> 9 heav51 & t w> might foll[ ! same c\rse z ! "o happily arre/$ by ,bri>eus3 !re=e he avoids ! issue1 makes ! concession )\t lett+ himself seem to make x1 & ?us pres]ves 8 g5]al position at ! head ( ! ,olympian body4 #fji ,il4 iv4 #dc4 ,c\rtesy & ,intellig5ce among ! ,immortals4 ,speak+ ( my?ological deity z su*1 ! diff]5ce ( cele/ial f human intellig5ce is a diff]5ce ( degree r ?an ( k9d4 ,! process ( delib]ation 9 ! m9d ( a mortal1 & ! /ate ( susp5se be=e decision1 are frequ5t subjects ( ,hom]ic description4 ,& he sometimes places individual deities be=e u ) ! same1 or ne>ly ! same1 detail1 z 9 cases occurr+ among m51 ( d\bt prec$+ det]m9ation4 ,! ess5ce & f\ndation ( ! process are simil>1 z we see 9 ! case ( ,juno1 & aga9 9 ! in/ance ( ,jupit] himself4 ,%e pond]s ! "q h[ %e %all delude ,jupit]#faj3 #faj ,il4 xiv4 #aei-fa4 ' 4 ,& !n %e decides2 1 444 ,s he#faa1 9 8 turn1 consid]s long1 be=e det]m9+ t ,patroclus %all c>ry ! w> f ! %ips to ! walls4 ,aga91 = ! great decrees :i* are to h an ext5sive influ5ce on human de/9y1 to argue & consid] seem to be a moral necessity among ! gods1 z mu* z important subjects require public debate among m54 #faa ,il4 xvi4 #fdf-ee4 ,! me?od ( reflect+ ,e>? 9 ! ,olympian life is sometimes c>ri$ by ! ,poet d[n to ! details ( social int]c\rse4 ,?us x is a t]re/rial cu/om ( ! h]oic age1 t /rang]s are ent]ta9$ be=e !y are call$ ^u to give an acc\nt ( _! bus9ess#fab4 ,& ?is hospitable practice ext5ds ev5 to ! treatm5t ( ^? :o are *>g$ ) important communications2 s t ,bell]ophon is ent]ta9$ = n9e full days by ! k+ ( ,lycia1 :ile he has 9 8 pocket ! roll conta9+ a reque/ = him to be put to dea?#fac4 ,9 exact con=mity ) ?is mann] ( proce$+1 ,m]cury#fad is fea/$ by ,calypso 9 ,ogygia1 be=e he deliv]s ! weighty message1 ) :i* he _h be5 intru/$ by ,jupit] 9 ! "n ( ! :ole ,olympian c\rt4 #fab ,od4 iii4 #fi4 #fac ,il4 vi4 #agd4 #fad ,od4 v4 #ia-f4 ,al?\gh we h f\nd x difficult 9 "o or two cases to pron\nce ) respect to c]ta9 div9e p]sonages1 :e!r !y are ,olympian or n1 yet 9 pr9ciple ! l9e is cle>ly drawn1 :i* m>ks (f ! sup]iority ( ! memb]s ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 ,we f9d x 9 ! express decl>ation ( ,calypso#fae4 ,we f9d x p]haps yet m cle>ly not$ 9 ! comp>ison betwe5 ,v5us & ,!tis3 = we h se51 z to ! =m] ( ^! deities1 h] extreme feebl5ess & incapacity 9 ev]y?+1 except z reg>ds ! p>ticul> impulse t %e repres5ts4 ,!tis1 on ! o!r h&1 is full ( activity & intellig5ce2 & is gift$ ) bodily p[]s suffici5t to fly l a hawk f ,olympus1 :5 c>ry+ ! cele/ial arms 7^: inh]5t buoyancy1 h[ev]1 mu/ n be =gott5#faf74 ,yet1 d\btless because n ,olympian1 %e yields ! palm to ,v5us3 = ,apollo says to neas ( ,a*illes#fag2 #fae ,od4 v4 #afi1 #gj4 #faf ,il4 xix4 #chf4 #fag ,il4 xx4 #aje4 4 ,_! unity imp]fect4 ,?\gh ! body ( s]ve z an unity to po9t a moral 9 ! ab/ract1 !re is practically a wond]ful want ( unity & ( common or corporate feel+ among !m4 ,?is is figur$ 9 ! ,judgm5t ( ,p>is3 9 ! love ( ,neptune = ! ,cyclops1 :o r5\nce ! au?ority ( ,jupit]3 aga9 9 8 av]sion to ! ,phacians1 :o are s belov$ by ! gods 9 g5]al1 t !y appe> 9 _! prop] %ape at ! religi\s fe/ivals ( ^? fav\r$ isl&]s#fah4 #fah ,od4 vii4 #bja-c4 ,b not)/&+ ?is want ( ! g5u9e corporate _s1 & not)/&+ ! preval5ce ( ess5tially selfi% appetite z ! rule ( life ) ! great] "p1 at any rate1 ( ! ,immortals1 x w\ld n be j to say t ! pr9ciple ( unity 9 ! ,div9e ,gov]nm5t is :olly de/roy$ by ! ,hom]ic poly!ism4 ,! sup]iority ( ,jupit]1 ?\gh x does n am\nt to supremacy 9 ! /rict] s5se#fai1 is yet suffici5tly decid$ to place him f> above any o!r s+le deity 9 %e] p[]4 ,!re=e1 :5 consid]$ z ! executive ( ! ,olympian sy/em1 he is ^u ! :ole equal to 8 "w4 ,he may be deceiv$1 & s baffl$ = a mom5t1 z by ,juno 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad2 b x is = a mom5t only4 ,or ! insubord9ation ( "s p>ticul> div9ity may approa* to resi/ance1 l t ( ,neptune 9 ! ,fifte5?3 b1 ^u admonition1 consci\s inf]iority soon br+s ! matt] to a close4 ,s mu* = ! execution ( div9e behe/s4 ,z to ! legislative process1 h[ev]1 heav5 /rictly foll[s e>?1 ) only su* exceptions z are acc\nt$ = by ! diff]5ce 9 ! con/itu5t elem5ts4 #fai ,ngelsba* c>ries x ev5 to ?is po9t4 ,hom4 ,!ol4 ,abs*n4 ,,ii4 #ag4 ,! influ5ce or ev5 ! m5aces ( a p[]ful lead]1 ! moral =ce ( p]suasion1 ! comp>ison ( ! means ( co]cive action on ?is side & on t1 & aga9 ! composition ( wills & op9ions to obta9 a jo9t result1 all ^!1 ! lead+ processes by :i* free in/itutions "w on e>?1 ) sub/antial id5tity1 ?\gh ) m awkw>dness ( =m & less ( g5ial fre$om1 z might be expect$ 9 transplant$ ideas1 are also ! processes by :i* supreme & provid5tial decrees are arriv$ at4 ,( ! degree to :i* ?is pr9ciple ( free polity prevails1 we c h no bett] crit]ion ?an 9 ! fate ( ,troy4 ,x fell1 n m]ely f ! p]sonal prud5ce ( ,jupit]1 b because act+ z a 9 heav51 l ,agamemnon ^u e>?1 he yield$ to ! prepond]at+ influ5ce ( t section 9 ,olympus1 :i* 0 inde$ app>5tly less num]\s1 b ( comm&+ /r5g?1 influ5ce1 & activity4 ,nor w\ld x be j to ,hom] & 8 ,olympus to =get1 t 9 yield+ to ! p[]ful p>ty l$ by ,juno1 ,neptune1 & ,m9]va1 ,jupit] 0 also yield+ up ! vici\s1 & seal+ ! triumph ( ! virtu\s cause4 ,?us1 !n1 :ile we see ! _s ( an?ropophuism break+ d[n ! pr9ciple ( ! ,unity ( ,god1 f its be+ too feeble & too bl9d to ma9ta9 ! pure traditions 9 :i* x 0 convey$1 x is /ill curi\s to ! la/ degree to obs]ve ! ord] & symmetry ( ! ,greek m9d1 ev5 9 its de/ructive processes4 ,=1 z we h f\nd1 x arranges its gr\ps ( deities ar\nd a c5tre1 by ! pr9ciple t creates a ,family3 & !n gives !m community ( c\nsel1 & unity ( action1 by ! pr9ciple t ma9ta9s a ,/ate4 ,:at is ?is1 b to br+ 9 ! res\rces & exp$i5ts1 :i* our human /ate suppli$1 to repair1 aft] a sort1 ! havock :i* x _h made 9 ! ,div9e ,idea8 ,! sy/em n uni=m4 ,b al?\gh symmetry 0 ?us f>1 if n /udi$1 yet spontane\sly produc$1 we h ample pro( t ,hom] nei!r inh]it$ nor inv5t$ = 8 gods any uni=m & consi/5t code ( rules1 intellectual1 moral1 or political4 ,nei!r1 aga91 9 ! region ( s5se did he make any g5]al provision to det]m9e ! conditions ( div9e be+ & action = 8 gods z an ord]1 or ev5 = p>ticul> classes ( !m4 ,! want ( su* consi/5cy is1 inde$1 among ! /rik+ pro(s ( ! pr(\nd dualism ( orig9 9 8 ,!o-my?ology4 ,all t we c d is to obs]ve 8 prevail+ modes ( treatm5t1 & collect a g5]al mean+ f !m4 ,proce$+ ?us1 we %all f9d t ! class ( ,immortals enjoys 9 v>i\s ways a m>k$ sup]iority to man2 b ! degrees ( ?is sup]iority1 z !y are n[h]e precisely def9$1 s !y v>y greatly 9 ! cases ( ! diff]5t deities3 & :51 /rik+ (f all ! p>ticul> *>act]i/ics ( individual memb]s ( ! sy/em1 we attempt to embody :at is common to !m all1 we leave b a slight & jejune residuum4 ,nor is ! classification ( ! diff]5ces a regul> "o4 ,if we comp>e 8 del9eations ( "s l[] ) "s high] deities1 we mu/ be /ruck ) f9d+ consid]able appe>ances ( want ( analogy betwe5 !m4 ,"s inf]ior p]sons ( ! same ord]1 z we %all see1 may excel 9 p>ticul> gifts1 ev5 ^? :o are on ! :ole _! sup]iors4 ,?us ,circe1 & ev5 ! ,sir5s1 h p[]s great] app>5tly ?an1 9 ! same subject-matt]1 ,m]cury or ,vulcan4 ,het]og5e\s orig91 & imp]fect assimilation1 af=d ! true explanation ( ^! ph5om5a4 ,x may be laid d[n z a g5]al rule1 t ! div9e life ( ,olympus1 :]ev] x reproduces ! human1 reproduces x 9 a degrad$ =m4 ,enjoym5t & indulg5ce1 :5 c>ri$ f e>? to heav51 lose t limit ( hon\rable relation to lab\r z necess>y re/oratives1 :i* alone makes !m respectable on e>?4 ,9 g5]al1 ! *ief note ( deity ) ,hom] is emancipation f ! re/ra9ts ( ! moral law4 ,?\gh ! ,hom]ic gods h n yet ceas$ to be ! v9dicators ( morality ^u e>?1 !y h p]sonally ceas$ to obs]ve its rules ei!r = or among !mselves4 ,z comp>$ ) m5 9 conduct1 !y are g5]ally *>act]is$ by sup]ior =ce & intellect1 b by inf]ior morality4 ,!y d n appe> to h be5 gov]n$ 9 _! relations t[>ds "o ano!r by any motives drawn ei!r f ! law ( "r & ju/ice1 or f t ( affection3 unless--an exception :i* confirms ! rule--:]e ! atta*m5t belong+ to ! human relation ( p>5t & *ild is fa9tly reflect$ among ! ,immortals1 z :5 ,jupit] calls ,m9]va or ,diana #fbj1 & ,v5us #fba3 aga91 9 ! c>e tak5 ( ,v5us aft] %e is w\nd$ by h] "m ,dione#fbb1 &1 m slightly indicat$1 9 t ( ,diana by ,latona#fbc4 ,9 ! conduct ( ,m>s on ! dea? ( ,ascalaphus1 ! impulse is mom5t>y1 & x has a /rong animal t+e :i* seems to ov]p[]1 l a fit ( drunk5ness1 ! little reason t he possesses4 ,! grief ( ,jupit] = ,s>p$on is ! only case ( an int5se affection among ! ,immortals4 ,& x is rem>kable1 t ?is is felt t[>ds1 n a bro!r or si/] div9ity1 b a mortal2 t[>ds "o ( ^? ,lycians1 :om ,hom] reg>ds ) su* extraord9>y & unv>y+ fav\r4 #fbj ,il4 viii4 #ci4 xxi4 #eji4 #fba ,il4 v4 #dbh4 #fbb ,ibid4 #cgj4 #fbc ,il4 xxi4 #ejd4 ,=ce & fraud _! *ief in/rum5ts4 ,! g5]al pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t1 !n1 among ! ,immortals !mselves are simply ^? ( =ce & t]ror1 on ! "o h&1 or fraud & :e$l+ on ! o!r4 ,= example1 ,t]ror subdues ! adv]se w ( ,juno#fbd 9 ! ,fir/ ,book1 ( ,juno & ,m9]va 9 ! ,eigh?#fbe1 & ( ,neptune1 n )\t mu* reluctance on 8 "p1 9 ! ,fifte5?4 ,!tis :e$les ,jupit] 9 ! ,fir/ ,book#fbf2 ,juno entirely beguiles him1 besides outwitt+ ,v5us1 9 ! ,f\rte5?2 ,m9]va entraps ,apollo 9 ! ,sev5? into ! plan ( a s+le combat1 :i* saves ! ,greeks f an imp5d+ defeat4 ,& ! diff]5ce ( op9ion respect+ ,troy 9 ! div9e ,assembly does n at ! la/ come to effect )\t a conte/ ( ma9 /r5g?1 al?\gh ! virtual decision ( ! ,olympian body _h long ago be5 tak54 ,nay1 ^! pr9ciples ( =ce & fraud are ! real pr9ciples ( action1 ev5 :5 n altoge!r on ! surface4 ,:5 ,m]cury decl9es battle ) ,latona1 x is because he fe>s ! consequ5ces ( a conte/ ) a wife ( ,jupit]#fbg4 ,9 a mann] /ill m curi\s1 :5 ,apollo has decl9$ battle ) ,neptune1 pr(ess$ly on ! gr\nd t x is n wor? ! :ile ( deities to fight ab\t ! affairs ( wret*$ mortals1 ! ,poet expla9s 8 conduct by a s5tim5t p>tly ( def]5ce aris+ out ( a relation%ip recognis$ among m53 #fbd ,il4 i4 #efh4 #fbe ,il4 viii4 #deg4 #fbf ,il4 i4 #eja4 #fbg ,il4 xxi4 #dii4 #fbh4 #fbh ,ibid4 #dfh4 ,b "h !re may possibly h be5 "s mixture ( fe>1 because1 z he )draws1 he is reproa*$ bitt]ly by ,diana1 call$ a baby = 8 c[>dice1 & rem9d$1 t he _h himself volunte]$ ! boa/ 9 heav51 t he 0 ready to fight aga9/ ,neptune4 ,z ^! moral elem5ts _h be5 almo/ :olly elim9at$ f ! g5]al pr9ciples :i* gov]n ! ,hom]ic gods 9 _! relations to "o ano!r1 s likewise we look almo/ 9 va9 = ! traces ( !m 9 _! individual conduct4 ,!y obs]ve1 :5 act+ = !mselves1 nei!r c\rage1 ju/ice1 nor prud5ce2 b x is 9 reg>d to moral temp]ance or self-control1 t !y fall fur!/ bel[ ! /&>d ev5 ( human virtue4 ,! ,mahometan heav5 ( m5 0 ! heav5 ( ! ,hom]ic gods4 ,_! /&+ employm5t1 except :5 tr\bl$ by human affairs1 is simply 9 p]petual1 ?\gh n drunk5 or brutal1 fea/+2 sometimes 9 gross] indulg5ces4 ,if1 says ,vulcan to 8 "m1 y qu>rel ab\t mortals1 x w be a pe/il5t bus9ess1 = !re w be no pleasure 9 our banquets#fbi4 ,if ,neptune 9 ! ,odyssey is gone among ! ,e?iopians#fcj1 x is = a hecatomb ( bulls & lambs4 ,if ,jupit] & all ! gods make a j\rney to ! same qu>t] 9 ! ,iliad1 x is = a fea/#fca1 :i* app>5tly 0 to la/ = elev5 days4 ,if ,h]cules has e>n$ ! rew>d ( 8 lab\rs by be+ tak5 up to heav51 8 life !re is describ$ z a life entitl+ him to enjoy banquets among ! ,immortals#fcb4 ,if ,ganym$e is receiv$ into _! company1 x is t he may dis*>ge = ,jupit] ! duty ( cup-be>]#fcc1 9 :i* x w\ld appe> t bo? ,vulcan & ,hebe 7 likewise employ$4 ,( all ! phrases *>act]i/ic ( ! ,hom]ic gods & _! life1 !re is none t sits bett] ?an ! 4 #fbi ,il4 i4 #egc-f4 #fcj ,od4 i4 #bb4 #fca ,il4 i4 #dbc4 #fcb ,od4 xi4 #fjb4 #fcc ,il4 xx4 #bcd4 ,_! dom9ant selfi%ness4 ,deep]1 ev5 ?an _! collective devotion to m]e enjoym5t1 lies _! int5se & pr(\nd selfi%ness4 ,we _c fail to note ! abs5ce ( ^? s5tim5ts ( ju/ice & self-sacrifice1 & ^? high en?usia/ic emotions1 :i* d s mu* to ennoble ! human life ( ! h]oic age4 ,!re is tru? 9 ! ass]tion t !y e/abli% & adm9i/] a "o-sid$ law3 1 ' #fcd4 #fcd ,il4 xxiv4 #ebe4 ,b beyond ?is1 !re lies a deep mean+ 9 ! s5tim5t ( an ,italian poet1 ,gu>9i#fce3 #fce ,pa/or ,fido4 ,gu>da1 *e nel disuman>ti ,non div5ga una f]a1 anzi *e un ,dio4 ,! ,greek my?ology1 dep>t+ f ! v basis ( ! ,div9e idea 9 ! conception ( its gods1 conv]ts !m1 by a moral necessity1 n into man1 b into some?+ :i* is morally b5ea? man4 ,!re is n among all ! deities :at we c call "o full unbrok5 developm5t ( noble "*4 ,!y are1 z a g5]al rule1 except s f> z !y are modifi$ by ! traditive elem5t1 ,titanic creations ( intellect or p[]1 or bo?1 )\t virtue4 ,ev5 :]e1 z 9 ! cases ( ,m9]va & ,diana1 !y are pure1 _! purity does n inspire or impress ! ,poet ) half ! =ce & fire :i* he mu/ h felt :5 he drew ! matron ,&roma*e1 or ! maid ,nausicaa4 ,b ?is is n ! common case4 ,) great res]vation inde$ z to ! traditional1 9 comp>ison ) ! my?ical div9ities1 & likewise z to ! female deities1 9 comp>ison ) ! gods1 we mu/ admit t1 z a g5]al rule1 ! ,immortals ( ,hom]1 :5 br\ght to ! b> ( a cool inquiry1 are 9 _! own p]sonal conduct impure voluptu>ies1 & t ! laws1 :i* =m$ ! basis ( family life1 & :i* 9 ,hom]'s "t /ill kept human society f total corruption1 = !m _h no re/ra9+ p[]1 inde$ no recognis$ exi/5ce4 ,!re is no s5se ( %ame accompany+ ! excesses ( ! gods1 su* z ,hom] has m>k$1 n )\t t5d]ness1 9 reg>d to ! trespass ( ,a/yo*e#fcf2 #fcf ,il4 ii4 #ead4 1 4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,jupit] ref]s ) m>k$ self-satisfaction to 8 affairs ( ?is k9d 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad2 & %[s ! v temp]1 describ$ by ,sa9t ,paul z t ( ! mo/ advanc$ depravity1 :i* n only yields to temptation1 b seals its own (f5ce ) habitual & delib]ate approval#fcg3 1 4 #fcg ,rom4 i4 #cb4 ,cruelty ( ,calypso 9 h] love4 ,we may take ,calypso z no unfair specim5 ( ! e?ics ( ! ,immortals4 ,9 ! hope ( s5sual pleasure1 %e keeps ,ulysses a prison] 9 h] f> isl&4 ,%e sees him p9+ 9 wret*$ness = 8 home & family f day to day2 & well kn[s ! di/ress t 8 abs5ce mu/ cause to a virtu\s wife & son1 z well z ! public evils1 sure to arise f ! prolong$ abs5ce ( a wise & able sov]eign4 ,yet %e nev] rel5ts1 b /ill 9 h] odor\s cav]n %e s+s to ! movem5t ( h] gold5 di/aff4 7,od4 v4 #ei47 ,:5 ,h]mes makes kn[n to h] ! decree t %e _c resi/ = 8 return1 %e compla9s ( ! cruelty ( ! upp] gods1 b adds1 #8z ,i _c help myself1 let him p]i% if ,zeus w4' ,%e promises1 h[ev]1 to s5d him (f 9 safety1 & keeps h] ^w2 b x is :5 %e has be5 well w>n$ by ,m]cury ( ! consequ5ces ( disob$i5ce1 & firmly b\nd by ,ulysses ) ! oa? :i* 0 t]rible ev5 to ! ,immortals4 7,od4 v4 #adf1 #ahd47 ,! s5tim5t ( envy1 :i* !y _h begun to ent]ta9 t[>ds m51 appe>s also to h be5 felt t[>ds memb]s ( ! div9e ord]4 ,x 0 envy ) :i* ! gods view$ ! happ9ess enjoy$ by ,aurora 9 h] union ) ,orion1 till x end$ ) 8 dea?2 & t mov$ ,jupit] to de/roy ,iasion1 ! object ( ! *oice ( ,demet]#fch4 ,b ?is 7s says ,calypso7 0 envy ( ! male t[>ds ! female deities4 ,!re is no reciprocal s5tim5t3 & x is curi\s "h to obs]ve ! inequality ( ! sexes1 toge!r ) s _m o!r signs & beg9n+s ( corruption1 e/abli%$ among ! ,immortals 9 a mann] unkn[n to human society at ! "t4 #fch ,od4 v4 #aah-bi4 ,calypso may or may n be ju/ifi$ 9 ! *>ge %e makes aga9/ ! gods2 b1 at lea/1 x seems cle> t1 ?\gh !y h "s reg>d to ! preval5ce ( moral laws z betwe5 "o man & ano!r1 !y by no means impute any moral guilt to h] 9 h] cruel det5tion ( ,ulysses1 ev5 :ile !y rectify a wrong by _! decree4 ,! inf]iority ( ! moral /&>d1 :i* m>ks ! ord] ( gods1 is likewise traceable 9 ! v>i\s races :i* are describ$ by ,hom] z claim+ a special relation%ip to !m2 ! ,cyclopes1 ! ,l/rygonians1 & ev5 p]haps ! ,phacians4 ,aga9/ ! la/ ( ^! we c c]ta9ly *>ge no m ?an an epicurean & +lori\s ease3 b ! two =m] n only d n =feit1 !y ev5 prove1 _! relation%ip to ! gods by be+ at once m /rong & m vici\s ?an common m54 ,&1 z x affects ! k9dr$ ( ! ,immortals 9 common ) !mselves1 s also does x ext5d f ! sph]e ( morals into t ( mann]s4 ,:ile ,heph/us 0 m9i/]+ to !m ! fe/al cup1 !y laugh$ ungov]nably at 8 p]sonal de=mity#fci4 ,n[1 ! ,greeks laugh at ,!rsites#fdj :5 he has be5 beat51 b x is 9 imm$iate connection ) 8 misconduct1 & x has no?+ :atev] to d ) 8 ugl9ess4 ,laught] at m]e de=mity is n[h]e f\nd 9 ,hom]3 & w\ld entirely j> ) ! tone ( feel+ t p]vades ,hom]ic mann]s4 ,! action t (f]s ! ne>e/ approa* to x confirms ! _s ( ?is obs]vation4 ,x is ! hurl+ ( ! /ool by ! ,suitor ,ant9\s#fda at ! app>5tly decrepit ,ulysses2 :i* is /]nly regi/]$1 along ) ! o!r outrages ( t deprav$ company1 = ! com+ day ( retribution4 #fci ,il4 i4 #eii4 #fdj ,il4 ii4 #bgj-g4 #fda ,od4 xvii4 #dfe4 ,olympian z comp>$ ) h]oic life4 ,9 a ^w1 /ill sett+ aside 9 "s consid]able degree ! deities ( traditive orig91 :o ent] little into ! g5]al picture1 b h _! own portraiture ap>t1 !re are to be f\nd 9 ,olympus1 z well z 9 ! l[] e>?1 ! relations ( degree 9 p[] & intellig5ce2 & ! gods ) :om x is peopl$1 on ! :ole1 possess x 9 l>ge measure2 b ! law & purpose ( _! life is summ$ up 9 self-w & self-indulg5ce4 ,!y d n debate _! own duties1 or ev5 ^? ( m51 to "o ano!r3 r>ely1 if ev]1 ^? ( m5 ev5 t[>ds !mselves1 except ) ref]5ce to ! quantity ( libation p\r$ out1 ( fle% (f]$1 & ( /eam reek+ f ! alt>s4 ,!re is a mixture 9 _! enjoym5ts3 "s are ref9$1 o!rs s5sual1 b bo? are alike selfi%1 & ! latt] are :olly unre/ra9$4 ,x is said by ,heyne1 & ) mu* ( lit]al tru?1 t ! description ( ! day's employm5t 9 ,olympus1 :i* ! fir/ ,iliad supplies1 is a transcript ( h]o-life#fdb2 b x is ( "o "p ( h]o-life only2 x is ( h]o-life 9 its mom5ts ( indulg5ce & relaxation1 :i* exhibit to u its l[] & less noble side1 )\t any view ( its great s5tim5ts & great duties1 its s5se ( hon\r1 its f9e feel+1 its reciprocal affections z develop$ 9 ! relations ( consangu9ity & aff9ity1 ( fri5d%ip1 ( gue/%ip1 ( sov]eign & subject1 & ev5 ( ma/] & s]f4 ,:at a wret*$ spectacle w\ld ,hector1 ,a*illes1 ,diom$1 ,ne/or1 ,ulysses1 & ! re/ pres5t to u1 7 _! exi/5ce devot$ simply to quaff+ goblets & sc5t+ or dev\r+ ! fle% ( sla9 animals1 ev5 ?\gh ) ?is !re 7 pres5t ! mitigat+ ref9em5t ( p]petual h>p & song4 ,& yet su* is ! picture (f]$ by ! ,hom]ic my?ology4 #fdb ,heyne on ,il4 i4 #fjc4 ,^u ! :ole1 :ile x rema9s true t ! deification ( h]oes1 or _! promotion to a happy immortality1 9 ,hom]'s "t1 dep5d$ ^u virtue & m]it2 ^? :o ?us obta9$ admission to ,olympus really f\nd !mselves introduc$ to a new & f> l[] law ( life1 ^u tak+ _! places !re1 ?an t to :i* !y _h be5 accu/om$ ^u e>?4 ,?us1 = example1 x is ) ,h]cules2 he has inde$ a rew>d beyond ! grave2 b x consi/s simply 9 a life dive/$ ( ! virtues ( pati5ce1 ob$i5ce1 val\r1 & /ruggle by :i* x _h itself be5 e>n$4 ,! sup]iority1 h[ev]1 ( ! intellectual ov] ! mat]ial elem5t1 except 9 ! matt] ( self-indulg5ce1 is1 z we might h expect$1 decisively ma9ta9$ 9 ! ,grecian my?ology4 ,x is exhibit$ mo/ cle>ly1 p]haps1 9 ! triumph ( ,jupit] & ,olympus ov] ! brute might ( ! ,titans4 ,x is also palpable1 :5 we f9d t ! /r5g? ( ,m>s1 :o repres5ts no?+ except fight+ =ce1 does n always insure 8 victory1 ev5 9 conte/s ( m]e /r5g?1 b t he is ov]?r[n by ,m9]va 9 ! battle ( ! gods1 correct$ at w by h] on all o!r occasions#fdc1 & w\nd$1 ) h] aid1 by ! h]o ,diom$ b5ea? ! walls ( ,troy4 ,b :5 we speak ( intellect z oppos$ to matt]1 ! case /&s s diff]5tly ) respect to diff]5t deities1 t x is necess>y to attempt a /rict] appreciation ?an we h yet aim$ at obta9+1 ( _! common "*4 #fdc ,il4 x4 #gfe4 #f4 ,_! exemption f ,dea? uni=m4 ,! great & p]haps only ess5tial prop]ty by :i* ! ,hom]ic gods are di/+ui%$1 is t express$ 9 _! v common appellation ( 3 !y are immortal4 ,!re is some?+ curi\s 9 ! "q1 :y x is t !y are end[$ uni=mly & absolutely ) ?is gift1 b n ) o!rs2 :y ! limitation ( ,dea? is remov$ f !m1 & yet o!r limitations are all[$ 9 s _m respects to rema94 ,x seems z if we _h "h an indep5d5t & imp>tial te/imony to ! tru? ( ! repres5tation convey$ 9 ,holy ,writ1 t dea? has be5 ! specific puni%m5t orda9$ = s93 & t !re=e 9 pass+ beyond ! human ord] we1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 pass beyond its range4 ,_h ! pret]natural sy/em ( ! ,poet exhibit$ to u only su* div9ities z are ! repres5tatives ( primeval tradition1 x w\ld h be5 easy to acc\nt = ! attribute ( immortality4 ,b "h are a multitude ( deities1 ! creatures ( human inv5tion2 :y 0 ?is gift be/[$ on !m1 :5 o!rs 7 )held8 ,x may be1 aga91 because t :i* came la/ into man's condition %\ld1 9 ! logical & moral ord]1 g fir/ out ( x3 t 9 fram+ ! conception ( an exi/5ce high] ?an t ( man1 ! fir/ /ep prop]ly 01 be=e deal+ ) ! m positive faults or imp]fections inh]5t 9 8 nature1 to set aside t :i* did n belong to x1 b _h be5 set ^u x z a note ( %ame = a special cause1 l lett]s br&$ on a des]t] or a slave4 ,9 ,hom] x appe>s t e deity1 great & small alike1 is exempt f dea?4 ,a ,fragm5t ( ,hesiod#fdd proce$s on a basis ab/ract$ly diff]5t1 & by an +5i\s multiplication1 f ! t]m assign$ to man upw>ds1 ascribes to ! ,nymphs a life ( #bia1fjj ye>s4 ,9 all likelihood ! mean+ ( ?is passage may be n to curtail immortality1 b to enl>ge ! practical conception ( x1 by c>ry+ life up to a numb] :i* w\ld impress ! m9ds ( a g5]ation rude 9 ari?metic f> m1 ?an a m]ely ab/ract ass]tion ( immortality3 j z to u ! s& ( ! sea1 or ev5 ! hairs ( ! head1 may m impressively convey ! idea ( unlimit$ numb]s ?an does ! phrase innum]able1 al?\gh 9 reality ! effect ( ei!r figure is to limit !m4 #fdd ,fragm4 #ej4 ap4 ,plut4 ii4 #dae ,c4 ,calypso is ( ! l[] & ( ! mo/ e>?y ord] ( ! ,hom]ic div9ities4 ,%e recognises 9 pla9 t]ms h] inf]iority to ! ,olympian gods1 by /at+ t %e w s5d ) ,ulysses a fav\rable breeze1 :i* w c>ry him safely home1 provid$ !y p]mit x1 :o are s f> h] sup]iors1 bo? 9 plann+1 & 9 execut+ :at !y plan#fde3 #fde ,od4 v4 #afi1 #gj4 ' 1 1 4 ,yet %e di/9ctly contra/s h]self ) ,p5elope1 9 ! v po9t t %e is immortal3 & ! reply ( ,ulysses recognises ?is z ! ess5tial diff]5ce#fdf2 #fdf ,od4 v4 #bac1 #bah4 1 ' 4 ,! only cases1 p]haps1 9 :i* ,hom] glances at ! possibility ( putt+ a p]iod to ! exi/5ce ( a god1 are two1 9 :i* ! semi-brutal ,m>s is conc]n$4 ,:5 ,otus & ,ephialtes put him 9 *a9s1 x seems t1 b = ,e]iboia1 he w\ld h p]i%$#fdg3 ! expressions are1 #fdg ,il4 v4 #chh4 ' 4 ,& aga91 "u ! assault ( ,diom$1 ?\gh ! ,poet does n br+ ?is la/ extremity into view1 he might1 _h he n fl$1 p]haps h be5 z good z dead 7 1 ,il4 v4 #hhg74 ,?is is n dea?1 b x is at any rate ! susp5sion ( life1 app>5tly )\t limit4 ,a ?ird alt]native is op5$ 9 ! sev]e reply ( ,jupit]1 :o obs]ves to him1 t he might h be5 ?ru/ d[n into ,t>t>us1 b = ! =tunate accid5t ( 8 high p>5tage2 veil+ ! idea "u ! mode/ words#fdh1 #fdh ,il4 v4 #hih4 4 ,?us !n ! div9e life1 :i*1 h[ev]1 c]ta9ly ) ,ares is lodg$ 9 "o ( its lea/ godlike receptacles1 is liable to degradation1 & to abeyance1 ev5 possibly to a l+]+1 ?\gh probably 9 no case to a rapid1 process ( ext9ction4 ,b ?is la/ is r ! limit ( calamity only1 9 ! ma!matical s5se2 t is to say1 a limit :i* is nev] actually rea*$1 ?\gh !re is no?+ %ort ( x :i* may n be rea*$ & ev5 pass$4 ,exemption f o!r limitations p>tial4 ,s mu* = ! great gift ( immortality4 ,) ref]5ce to all ! o!r limitations impos$ ^u f9ite be+1 ! position ( ! ,immortals1 inf9itely div]sifi$ accord+ to ! two great classes1 & to individual cases1 has ?is "o feature apply+ to x z a :ole1 t x is a position ( pref]5ce1 n ( indep5d5ce4 ,e deity has "s ext5sion ( p]sonal lib]ties & p[]s beyond :at m5 enjoy4 ,b x is 9 g5]al su* z we %\ld conceive to be r *>act]i/ic ( int]m$iate ord]s ( creation1 ?an prop]ly atta*+ to ! div9e nature4 ,we mu/ h[ev] di/+ui% betwe5 ^! ?ree ?+s3 #a4 ,! p]sonal exemptions ( a div9ity f ! re/ra9ts ( "t & place1 & o!r limit+ conditions2 #b4 ,! g5]al p[]s capable ( be+ ex]cis$ ov] o!r gods1 ov] man1 ov] animal or inanimate nature2 #c4 ,! p[]s enjoy$ )9 ! p>ticul> prov9ce ov] :i* a div9ity presides4 ,?us = example ,calypso1 ?\gh1 z we h se5 %e is ( inf]ior rank1 yet ex]cises v high pr]ogatives4 ,%e s5ds ) ,ulysses a fav\rable breeze3 & %e pr$icts calamity1 :i* is to smite him be=e he rea*es 8 home4 ,circe trans=ms m5 into bea/s1 & !n re/ores !m to =ms ( great] beauty & /ature#fdi4 ,%e is cognizant ( ev5ts 9 ! _w b5ea?1 & ( :at w occur on ! arrival ( ,ulysses !re4 ,%e !n s5ds a fav\rable breeze to impel 8 vessel#fej2 & on 8 return pr$icts to him ! circum/ances ( 8 homew>d voyage#fea4 ,& ,proteus deliv]s a simil> pr$iction to ,m5elaus1 to :i* he adds a decl>ation ( 8 de/9y aft] dea?#feb3 he also conv]ts himself into a multitude ( =ms4 #fdi ,od4 x4 #cif1 #dij-e1 #ebi4 #fej ,od4 xi4 #g4 #fea ,od4 xii4 #be1 #cg et seqq4 #feb ,od4 iv4 #dge & #efa4 ,n[ no ,hom]ic deities ord] w9ds to bl[1 except ,jupit]1 ,juno1 ,apollo1 & ,m9]va2 none issue pr$ictions to m5 except ,m9]va & ,apollo1 ! latt] m$iately1 ?r\gh ,se]s or ?r\gh ,oracles2 ( absolute trans=mation we h no example2 b ,m9]va1 & %e alone1 trans=ms ,ulysses f "o human =m to ano!r4 ,i mean absolute trans=mation effect$ ^u o!rs3 all ! deities1 app>5tly1 c trans=m !mselves at w2 = ev5 ,v5us appe>s to ,hel5 disguis$1 ?\gh x w\ld seem imp]fectly1 9 ! =m ( an ag$ att5dant#fec4 #fec ,il4 iii4 #chf4 ,?is gift ( k ( ! future is ! m rem>kable1 :5 we consid] t "s ( ! ,olympian deities 7 )\t k ev5 ( :at _h j happ5$2 z ,m>s1 on ! occasion ( ! dea? ( 8 son ,ascalaphus#fed4 ,ev5 ,jupit]1 ) ! re/ ( ! gods1 0 :olly unaw>e ( ! cl&e/9e mission ( ,iris by ,juno to ,a*illes#fee4 #fed ,il4 xiii4 #eba4 #fee ,il4 xviii4 #afe-h4 ,cases ( m9or deities ) major p[]s4 ,! great p[]s ( ^! second>y deities may be acc\nt$ =1 ,i ?9k1 by two consid]ations3 #a4 ,^! div9ities belong to ! circle ( out] or ,phnician traditions1 & ! ,poet is n !re=e1 9 treat+ !m1 subject to ! same laws z ^? by :i* he regulates ! ,olympian ord]4 ,!y are br\ght ^u ! /age ) ref]5ce to ,ulysses or ,m5elaus1 & 9 ! ,w&]+s only2 ?us !y are adopt$ by ,hom] = ?is special purpose1 & end[$ ) :atev] gifts !y require = x1 j z /rang]s1 :ile !y rema91 are treat$ m lib]ally 9 a h\se ?an ! *ildr5 ( ! family1 = ! v reason t !y are /rang]s1 & h no conc]n ) ! regul> organization & cont9u+ life ( ! h\sehold4 #b4 ,ano!r pr9ciple ( ! my?ology conducts u by ano!r road to ! same end4 ,e deity is lib]ally end[$ )9 8 own prov9ce4 ,n[ ! prov9ce ( ,proteus1 ,calypso1 & ,circe1 is ! ,out] sph]e ( ,geography4 ,)9 ! range ( t sph]e1 ! ord9>y ag5cy ( ! ,olympian deities individually is susp5d$4 ,hom] pref]s to leave x to be gov]n$ by ! div9ities1 :om he c frame out ( 8 ,phnician mat]ials = ! purpose4 ,9 ?is way he is enabl$ to enl>ge ! circle ( v>iety1 & to draw new & sali5t l9es ( di/9ction betwe5 ! two worlds4 ,neptune inde$ is !re p]=ce2 = navigation is ! /aple ( its !me1 & ! p]vades x1 f no portion ( :i* c he possibly be exclud$4 ,! ,olympian ,c\rt1 too1 ov]see x1 & _! ord]s are convey$ ?i!r by ,m]cury _! ag5t4 ,b1 except ,neptune = ! reason giv51 ! ord9>y action ( ! deities individually is susp5d$#fef1 n on acc\nt ( any limitation ( p[]1 = in/ance 9 ,m9]va1 b = a poetical purpose1 & ) ! excuse1 t ! :ole sph]e is remov$ beyond common life & exp]i5ce4 ,h5ce1 j z ,vulcan works pr(essionally ! mo/ extraord9>y miracles1 ?\gh he is b a second>y deity1 because !y are 9 ! doma9 ( metallic art1 s ,circe & ! re/ are emp[]$ to d ! l )9 a doma9 ( :i* !y are ! root$ zoophytes & exclusive occupants4 #fef ,see sup4 sect4 iii4 p4 #bja4 ,x may be well1 be=e pass+ to ! g5]al limitations ^u div9e capacity 9 ,hom]1 to illu/rate a little f>!r ?is law ( special end[m5t4 ,v5us is among gods :at ,nireus 0 among m53 #feg4 ,yet %e ov]comes ! resi/ance ( ,hel5#feh3 & we h also ! express record ( h] girdle z inv9cible 9 its op]ation#fei4 ,! case ( ,m>s is peculi>3 = he is br\ght ^u ! /age to be beat5 9 8 own prov9ce1 z ! exig5cies ( ! poem require x3 b inf]ior1 nay pitiful1 z he is 9 e po9t ( m9d & "*1 yet z to impos+ p]sonal appe>ance1 he is made to take rank 9 a comp>ison ) ,jupit] & ,neptune1 betwe5 ^: names 8 is plac$#ffj4 ,neptune exhibits va/ p[]1 & on 8 own doma91 ! sea1 appe>s ev5 to h an inkl+ ( provid5tial =ekn[l$ge#ffa3 he is consci\s t ,ulysses w rea* ,s*]ia4 ,except ^u ! sea1 he exhibits no su* attributes ( intellig5ce1 ?\gh he always rema9s possess$ ( huge =ce4 ,m]cury1 aga91 %[s 9 locomotion a great] indep5d5ce ( ! laws ( place1 ?an "s deities :o are ( a rank high] ?an 8 own3 & d\btless x is because he is pr(essionally an ag5t or mess5g]4 ,ev5 s ! j\rneys ( ,iris are no soon] begun ?an !y are accompli%$4 #feg ,il4 v4 #cca4 #feh ,il4 iii4 #dah-bj4 #fei ,il4 xiv4 #aih1 #i4 #ffj ,il4 ii4 #dgh1 #i4 #ffa ,od4 v4 #cgh4 ,div9e faculties an ext5sion ( human4 ,b ! g5]al rule is1 t ! div9e faculties repres5t1 9 reg>d to all ! conditions ( exi/5ce1 no m ?an an improvem5t & ext5sion ( ! human#ffb4 ,man is ! po9t ( orig93 & f ?is patt]n inv5tion /rives to "w upw>d & outw>d4 ,! great traditive deities inde$ are on a diff]5t foot+1 & appe> r to be ! r$uctions & depravations ( an ideal modell$ ^u ! inf9ite4 ,b ! g5]al rule holds good1 9 reg>d bo? to bodily & m5tal laws1 = ! mass ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 #ffb ,fri$rei*1 ,reali5 #ahg4 p4 #eii4 ,?us deities are subject to sleep1 bo? ord9>ily1 & "u ! special influ5ces ( 1 ! god ( sleep4 ,we are furni%$ ) a reason = ,jupit]'s n be+ asleep at a giv5 mom5t#ffc2 x is ! special anxiety :i* presses on him4 ,he _h be5 asleep j be=e4 ,_! bodies are n e!real1 b are capable ( con/ra9t by manacles4 ,!y are capable also ( w\nds2 & !y suff] pa9 ev5 s z to scream "u x3 b _! blood is i*or1 & _! hurts heal ) great rapidity#ffd4 ,!y eat ambrosia1 & dr9k nect>4 ,!y also receive a s5sible pleasure f ! sav\r ( sacrifices & libations#ffe4 ,nor is ?is pleasure alone1 x is also n\ri%m5t & /r5g?1 = ,m]cury speaks ( x z highly desirable = support on any long j\rney4 ,he1 too1 practises accord+ to 8 precept1 = he seems greatly to reli% ! meal ( ambrosia & nect>1 :i* is af=d$ him by ! hospitality ( ,calypso#fff4 #ffc ,il4 ii4 #a-d1 & i4 #fji-aa4 #ffd ,il4 v4 #daf1 #ijj-d4 #ffe ,il4 xxiv4 #fi4 #fff ,od4 v4 #ajj-b4 ,z reg>ds ! p]cipi5t organs1 ! ,olympian gods appe> to dep5d practically on ! eye4 ,m9]va alone has a p]fect & unfail+ acqua9tance ) :atev] x conc]ns h] to "k4 ,= ev5 ,jupit]1 z we h se51 is n exempt f limitation 9 ?is po9t#ffg4 ,juno s5ds ,iris to ,a*illes 9 ! ,eighte5? ,iliad )\t 8 k1 4 ,apollo does n imm$iately p]ceive ! exp$ition ( ,ulysses & ,diom$ 9 ! ,doloneia4 ,be+ "h oppos$ to ,m9]va1 he c\ld n b be wor/$4 ,g5]ally1 ev5 ^! great traditive deities p]ceive n by a gift ( univ]sal vision1 b by att5tion#ffh3 #ffg ,il4 xviii4 #aff-h4 #ffh ,il4 x4 #eae4 ' ' 4 ,juno1 ke5ly alive ) anxiety1 p]ceives f ,olympus ! slaught] t ,hector & ,m>s are mak+ on ! pla9 ( ,troy2 & likewise f ! same spot wat*es ,jupit] sitt+ ^u ,ida#ffi4 ,^! f\r deities1 ,jupit]1 ,juno1 ,m9]va1 & ,apollo1 appe> to be end[$ ) by f> ! l>ge/ range ( vision4 ,ev5 to ,neptune no su* p[]s are assign$1 z to !m2 = we are nev] giv5 to und]/& t any am\nt ( m]e di/ance is too great = _! k54 ,b ,neptune only sees ! /ate ( ! battle be=e ,troy by com+ to ,samo?race1 app>5tly to br+ x )9 view1 & by look+ f !nce3 nor is ! ,poet cont5t )\t add+ ! reason2 #ffi ,il4 v4 #gaa1 & xiv4 #aeg4 #fgj #fgj ,il4 xiii4 #ac4 a passage :i* seems to imply1 t 8 vision 0 mu* ! same z t ( mank9d ev5 9 degree4 ,g5]al preval5ce ( limitation4 ,9 ! ,odyssey1 ,ulysses pursues 8 voyage on ! raft )\t ! k ( ,neptune1 al?\gh on ! prop] doma9 ( ! god1 until ! eighte5? day4 ,!n he discov]s him1 b x is only because1 com+ up f ! ,e?iopian c\ntry1 on rea*+ ! ,solyman m\nta9s1 he is suppos$ to h got )9 view ( ! h]o4 ,be+ "h1 )\t special directions1 9 ! zone ( ! ,out] ,geography1 we h no means ( measur+ ! t]re/rial di/ance ) precision1 & ! ,poet has n in=m$ u :at int]val ( space he int5d$ u to suppose4 ,! inv5tive deities ( ! second ord] 9 ,olympus are v slightly gift$ 9 ?is matt]4 ,s mu* we p]ceive f ! ignorance ( ,m>s ab\t ! dea? ( 8 son ,ascalaphus4 ,:5 ,v5us obs]ves1 t neas has be5 w\nd$1 ,hom] does n "n ! spot f :i* %e look$2 b ! g5]al range ( ! p[]s ( ?is div9ity is s n>r[1 t we mu/ suppose he means to place h] imm$iately ov] ! field ( battle be=e ,troy4 ,( ! p[]s ( ,apollo or ,m9]va1 z he>]s ( pray] irrespectively ( di/ance1 ,i h already spok52 b ! local idea ent]s m freely into ! anomal\s "* ( ! head ( ,olympus4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,iliad1 ,!tis expla9s to h] son t %e _c introduce to ,jupit] ! matt] ( 8 wrongs1 until he returns f ! c\ntry ( ! ,e?iopians1 :i!r he has repair$ ) ! o!r ,immortals to a banquet#fga4 ,?is may mean ei!r t he is too f> (f to att5d to ! bus9ess1 or t he mu/ n be di/urb$ :ile inhal+ ! od\rs ( a hecatomb4 #fga ,il4 i4 #eba-g4 ,v great div]sity 9 individual cases1 b at ! same "t a g5]al & p]vad+ law ( re/ra9t1 are evid5t 9 ! descriptions ( ! deities ) respect to _! p[]s ( locomotion4 ,facility ( movem5t accrues to !m v>i\sly accord+ to #a4 _! peculi> "w & (fice2 #b4 _! g5]al dignity & fre$om f m]ely my?ological traits2 #c4 ! exig5cies ( ! p>ticul> situation4 ,z to ! fir/1 ,i h notic$ t ,m]cury & ,iris h a rapidity z mess5g]-gods1 :i* 9 _! simple capacity z gods !y c\ld sc>cely possess4 ,yet ev5 ,m]cury foll[s a r\te3 f ,olympus he /rikes across ,pi]ia1 & next desc5d+ skims ! surface ( ! sea2 !n at l5g? passes to ! bea* ( ! isl&1 & s onw>ds to ! cave ( ! ,nymph#fgb4 ,m9]va1 on ! o!r h&1 9 virtue n ( any special function1 b ( h] g5]al p[] & gr&eur1 is conceiv$ z swift] /ill4 ,! j\rneys ( ,apollo1 9 l mann]1 are conceiv$ ( z in/antane\s3 ! rule 9 bo? cases be+ subject to poetical exceptions only4 ,! *>iots ( ,juno & ( ,neptune#fgc1 aga91 proce$ ) measur$ pace4 ,ea* /ep ( ,juno's horses cov]s ! di/ance ov] :i* a man c see#fgd4 ,neptune himself passes 9 f\r /eps f ,samo?race to g#fge4 ,! driv+ ( ,jupit] f ,olympus to ,ida is describ$ 9 t]ms be=e us$ = ,juno's j\rney#fgf4 ,juno travels at ano!r "t f ,olympus to ,lemnos by ,pi]ia1 ,ema?ia1 & ! tops ( ! ,?racian m\nta9s4 ,"h ,hom] seems to supply h] ) a sort ( made road on :i* to tread3 = ! r\te is a little circuit\s#fgg4 ,m>s1 :5 w\nd$1 takes w+ to ,olympus3 b ,v5us1 ?\gh only hurt 9 ! wri/1 _c get ?i!r until %e obta9s ! aid ( 8 *>iot1 :i* happily = h] 0 !n wait+ on ! field#fgh4 #fgb ,od4 v4 #ej-eg4 #fgc ,il4 xiii4 #bi4 #fgd ,il4 v4 #ggj4 #fge ,il4 xiii4 #bj4 #fgf ,il4 viii4 #da-f4 #fgg ,il4 xiv4 #bbf4 #fgh ,il4 v4 #hfd1 #cee-fg4 ,b poetical utility1 s to speak1 ent]s v l>gely into ! :ole subject ( ,olympian locomotion1 & makes x difficult to draw ) rig\r ! prop] my?ological conclusions4 ,?is may be suffici5tly illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ cases4 ,we h se5 ! maje/ic m>* ( ,juno f "o hill top to ano!r1 & ! measur$ ?\gh spe$y c\rse ( h] *>iot4 ,yet1 "u ! pressure ( urg5t consid]ations1 %e flies f ,ida to ,olympus1 z ! be>] ( ,jupit]'s message1 ) a rapidity t ,hom] illu/rates by ! rem>kable simile ( ! travell+ ( ,?\ght#fgi4 ,aga91 :]e an impos+ magnific5ce is ! object1 measure is introduc$ into ! movem5t ( ,apollo himself by ! clang ( ! d>ts ^u 8 %\ld] z he goes#fhj4 ,&1 ev5 m1 ,v5us1 :om we h se5 s impot5t on ! field ( ,troy1 aft] h] exposure 9 ! ,eigh? ,odyssey1 flies at once all ! way to ,paphos2 z does ,m>s to ,?race#fha4 ,?is 9 bo? cases is probably because ! occasion did n admit ( ornam5tal enl>gem5ts1 su* z befitt$ ! j\rney ( a god4 ,& :5 ,vulcan is repres5t$ z actually engag$ 9 fall+ dur+ ! :ole day f ,olympus d[n into ,lemnus#fhb1 a poetical allusion to 8 lam5ess may probably be int5d$4 #fgi ,il4 xv4 #gi-hd4 #fhj ,il4 i4 #dd-h4 #fha ,od4 viii4 #cfa-c4 #fhb ,il4 i4 #eij-c4 ,*ief heads ( sup]iority to mank9d4 ,?us we see n ! m5tal only1 b also ! corporeal exi/5ce ( ! my?ological god hemm$ 9 on e side4 ,a great =ce ( appetite1 & a disposition to give x unbridl$ indulg5ce1 c h>dly be reckon$ among elevat+ gifts4 ,b if x be ask$1 :]e9 does ,hom] enl>ge & improve = 8 my?ical gods ! human conditions ( be+1 besides1 7#a47 ,! "o gr& po9t ( immortality1 ,i %\ld answ]1 9 7#b47 ,an unlimit$ abundance ( ! means ( corporal enjoym5t1 & a g5]al fre$om f ! int]ruptions ( c>e4 7#c47 ,a lib]al disp5sation ( ! some:at vulg> commodities ( physical /r5g? & /ature2 & ( ! high] gift ( absolute beauty1 into :i* ! idea ( /ature1 h[ev]1 mat]ially ent]s4 ,! =m] ( ^! two we le>n f ! fact1 t ! banquet is ! habitual & normal occupation ( ! ,olympian ,c\rt4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,book1 ! fray betwe5 ,jupit] & ,juno passes (f naturally1 & z a matt] ( c\rse1 into a fea/ t la/s all day#fhc4 ,& :5 ,juno1 9 ! ,fifte5? ,book1 rea*es ,olympus ) a message f ,jupit]1 ,!tis1 :om %e meets fir/1 salutes h] by (f]+ ! cup#fhd4 #fhc ,il4 i4 #eif-fjd4 #fhd ,il4 xv4 #hg4 ,!re is also among ! gods a k9d ( #8high life bel[ /airs4' ,:5 ,iris repairs on behalf ( ,a*illes to ! ,w9ds1 %e f9ds !m too banquet+ 9 ! palace ( ,zephyr1 probably _! *ief#fhe2 b %e ha/es away1 :5 h] message is deliv]$1 to fea/ 9 pref]5ce among div9ities ( h] own rank ^u an ,e?iopian sacrifice4 #fhe ,il4 xxiii4 #cjj4 ,_! /ature & beauty4 ,z reg>ds size & /ature1 ^! gifts are s freely be/[$ z to be almo/ )\t measure3 nor does ! ,poet ev5 c>e 9 su* cases to be at /rict unity ) himself4 ,m>s1 :o 9 ! ,fif? ,book1 draws no v peculi> notice on ! battle field f 8 size1 9 ! ,!oma*y1 :5 laid pro/rate1 cov]s sev5 acres4 ,eris1 tread+ on ! e>?1 /rikes heav5 ) h] head4 ,! helmet ( ,m9]va w\ld suffice = ! soldi]y ( a hundr$ cities2 ! gold5 tassels ( h] gis1 a hundr$ 9 numb]1 & ea* wor? a hundr$ ox51 aft] e all[ance = m]e laxity 9 ! use ( numb]s1 w\ld imply va/ weight & bulk4 ,accord+ly1 ! axle ( ,juno's *>iot may well groan b5ea? ! weight ( ,pallas#fhf4 ,apollo1 )\t ! smalle/ seem+ ef=t1 /ops ,diom$ & ,patroclus 9 mid-c>e]2 & ov]?r[s ! ,greek wall z easily z a *ild ov]?r[s 8 play?+ heap ( s&#fhg4 ,o!r signs might be quot$1 su* z ! tread t %akes ! e>?1 & ! voices ( ,m>s & ,neptune1 equal to ^? ( n9e or t5 ?\s&#fhh mortals4 #fhf ,il4 xxi4 #djg4 iv4 #ddc4 v4 #gdd4 ii4 #ddh4 v4 #hcg4 #fhg ,il4 v4 #dcg4 xvi4 #ggd4 xv4 #cfa4 #fhh ,il4 v4 #hfj4 xiv4 #adh4 ,) ! "o m>k$ exception ( ,vulcan1 beauty is g5]ally indicat$ z ! *>act]i/ic ( ! ,olympian deities4 ,among ! gods1 x ext5ds ev5 to ,m>s#fhi4 ,x is suffici5tly indicat$ = ! goddesses by _! habitual epi!ts4 ,ev5 ,m9]va1 9 :om p]sonal *>ms are z x 7 eclips$ by ! sublime gifts ( ! m9d1 is sometimes call$ & 7,il4 vi4 #ib4 ,od4 vii4 #dj73 & ,calypso decl>es ! sup]iority ( goddesses to wom5 9 beauty1 z a g5]al proposition#fij1 #fhi ,od4 viii4 #caj4 #fij ,od4 v4 #bab4 4 ,! my?ological or inv5t$ deities g5]ally1 b none ( ! /rictly traditive deities1 appe> to be ta9t$ ) lib]t9ism4 ,among ! =m] we may1 h[ev]1 obs]ve degrees4 ,jupit] & ,v5us /& at ! head4 ,neptune1 ,m>s1 ,m]cury1 ,c]es1 ,aurora1 foll[4 ,juno evid5tly treats ! passion simply z an in/rum5t = political ends4 ,( ?is ,hom] has giv5 u a v rem>kable indication4 ,= :5 %e sees ,jupit] on ,ida1 ?\gh %e is j !n conceiv+ h] design1 %e views him ) disgu/3 #fia4 ,s c>eful is ! ,poet t we %all n imag9e h] to h be5 "u ! gross influ5ce ( a m]ely s5sual passion4 ,!tis sugge/s a rem$y ( t nature to h] son = 8 grief#fib4 ,9 m]e imp]sonations1 n yet end[$ ) ! /rong human individuality ( ! ,greek ,olympus1 su* z ,!mis & ,helios1 we d n expect to f9d ?is trait4 ,b ( all ! fully p]sonifi$ deities ( inv5tion1 ,vulcan alone1 privileg$ by ,lab\r & ,ugl9ess1 appe>s 9 ,hom] to be exempt4 ,! ,hell5ic goddesses g5]ally d n1 h[ev]1 l ! m ,pelasgian ,v5us1 ,c]es1 & probably ,aurora1 debase !mselves by intrigues ) mortal m54 #fia ,il4 xiv4 #aeh4 #fib ,il4 xxiv4 #acj4 ,! *a/ity ( ! traditive deities1 ,m9]va1 ,diana1 ,latona1 & probably ,apollo1 ,i take = "o ( ! noble/ & mo/ significant pro(s ( ! high orig9 ( ! mat]ials :i* !y respectively embody4 ,!re is also 9 ! deities ( ,hom] n m]ely a dep5dance ^u physical n\ri%m5t1 b ev5 a passion ( gluttony connect$ ) x4 ,! basis ( ?is idea is laid 9 ! conception :i* made fea/+ ! normal occupation ( ,olympus4 ,x foll[$ t !y 7 n only b\nd by some?+ 9 ! nature ( necessity to food1 b also enslav$ to x by gre$9ess z a root$ habit4 ,nature ( _! reg>d = sacrifice4 ,( ?is we f9d traces all ?r\gh ! poems1 9 ! c\rse :i* div9e fav\r usually takes4 ,:5 ,hom] speaks ( ! gods 9 ! s5se ( ,provid5tial gov]nors1 x is ! j man t !y reg>d1 & ! unju/ t !y visit ) wra?4 ,b :5 he c>ries u into ,olympus1 & we behold !m 9 ! liv+ en]gy ( _! individualities1 x is sacrifice :i* !y want1 & :i* =ms _! %>e 9 ! fruits ( e>? & ( human lab\r1 z we le>n f ! emphatic words ( ,jupit] himself2 #fic4 #fic ,il4 iv4 #di4 xxiv4 #gj4 xxii4 #agj4 ,x 0 ! b\nty ( ,autolycus 9 lambs & kids :i* induc$ ,m]cury to be/[ on him 9 return ! gifts ( ?iev]y & p]jury#fid4 #fid ,od4 xix4 #cie-h4 ,moral retribution 9 ,hom] lags & limps at a great di/ance beh9d ! (f5ce1 b ! omission to sacrifice is visit$ condignly & at once4 ,aga91 9 ! case ( ,troy1 lib]ality 9 ?is p>ticul> ev5 seems to create a p>ty 9 ,olympus on behalf ( an (f5d+ race4 ,on ! erection ( ! ramp>t by ! ,greeks1 ,neptune imm$iately urges ! omission ( ! regul> hecatombs aga9/ !m4 ,x is puni%$ by ,diana 9 tolia1 by ! gods g5]ally on ! dep>ture f ,troas2 & ,m5elaus 9 l mann] is = ?is (f5ce w9d-b\nd 9 ,ph>os#fie4 #fie ,il4 ix4 ,od4 i4 iv4 ,! reason ( ?is preem95ce ( sacrifices1 bo? z to puni%m5t & z to rew>d1 may lie p>tly 9 ! t5d5cy ( man 7?\gh1 z we %all pres5tly see1 ! practice _h its moral side also7 to sub/itute positive obs]vances = moral ob$i5ce2 b p>tly1 likewise1 9 ! importance ( sacrifices to ! an?ropophuism ( ! ,olympian deities !mselves4 ,putt+ out ( view :at ea* deity c d 9 8 p>ticul> doma91 we %all f9d t b little ( p[] ov] nature--:e!r human1 animal1 or inanimate--atta*es to ! ,hom]ic gods z su*4 ,juno conveys a sugge/ion to ! m9d ( ,agamemnon#fif1 & gives1 ) ,m9]va1 c\rage to a w>rior2 b ?is is ! :ole ( h] imm$iate action1 ,i mean action )\t a mean1 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 exhibit$ by any passage 9 ! ,poems4 ,inde$1 no o!r my?ological deity asc5ds to ag5cy ( ?is k9d at all4 #fif ,il4 viii4 #bah4 ix4 #bed4 ,^u animal & inanimate nature ,juno ex]cises ! highe/ p[]s4 ,:5 %e ?und]s ) ,m9]va1 s5ds cl\d to imp$e ! fly+ ,trojans1 ret>ds ! sunset1 & assi/s ! voyage ( ,jason1 we may consid] h] z 9 ! reflex use ( ! atmosph]ic p[]s ( h] husb&3 b ! gift ( a voice to ! horse ,xan?us1 app>5tly c lie )9 h] rea* only by d]ivation f ! high] or traditive elem5t 9 8 "*1 z repres5t+ ! idea ( supreme deity4 ,among ! deities ( inv5tion1 ! g5]al rule is1 ) respect to ! ex]cise ( p[] ov] nature or ! human m9d1 t x is conf9$ to matt]s 9 imm$iate connection ) _! sev]al specialties4 ,two extraord9>y acts ( p[] ov] nature appe>1 h[ev]1 to be )9 ! compet5cy ( !m all4 ,"o is ! production ( a pat* ( cl\d or vap\r at w2 ! o!r is t ( assum+ ! human =m = !mselves1 ei!r g5]ally or 9 ! lik5ess ( "s p>ticul> p]son4 ,i d n1 h[ev]1 recollect any in/ance 9 :i* ?is p[] is ex]cis$ by a deity ( inv5tion 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ,m9]va employs x 9 ! ,fir/ ,iliad#fig1 t is1 "u ! condition ( be+ visible only to "o p]son out ( _m :o are pres5t4 ,9 t image we seem to f9d a figure1 p]haps a tradition>y remnant1 ( t inw>d & p]sonal communication betwe5 ! ,almighty & ! individual s\l1 :i* con/itutes a high di/+ui%+ note ( ! true religion4 #fig ,il4 v4 #aih4 ,!re w\ld appe> to h be5 c]ta9 visible m>ks :i* w5t to di/+ui% a god1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 f m54 ,hector 9 ! ,fifte5? ,iliad kn[s ,apollo to be a god#fih1 b does n "k :at god4 ,m9]va cle>s ! vision ( ,diom$1 t he may be able to discrim9ate betwe5 gods & m5#fii4 ,p&>us1 eye+ ,diom$1 is unc]ta9 :e!r he is a mortal or a god#gjj4 ,! recognition ( ,v5us by ,hel5 may1 inde$1 h be5 due to ! imp]fectness ( h] p[] ( self-trans=mation#gja2 b x may also h be5 ow+ to ^! g5]al traces ( resemblance to ! div9e ord]1 :i* subsi/$ ev5 "u ! human disguise4 #fih ,il4 xv4 #bdf4 #fii ,il4 v4 #abh4 #gjj ,il4 v4 #ahc4 #gja ,il4 iii4 #cif4 ,hom] repres5ts ,m9]va z weigh+ d[n ! *>iot ( ,diom$1 & mak+ ! axle creak#gjb2 #gjb ,ibid4 #hch4 ' 1 ' 4 ,?is passage may be tak5 z a pro(1 s9ce x applies to ! mo/ spiritual ( ! ,hom]ic div9ities1 h[ f> ! ,poet 0 f consid]+ t !y 7 end[$ ) ! prop]ties ( pure _s4 ,p>ts ( ! body1 h[ ascrib$4 ,( ?is he has giv5 u f>!r pro( by 8 free & con/ant ref]5ce1 :]ev] occasion s]ves1 to ! p>ts & organs ( ! body z app]ta9+ to ! gods4 ,i ?9k t ref]5ces ( ?is k9d 9 ,holy ,scripture usually be> a m>k1 :i* yields decisive witness to ! fact t _! use is :olly relative & analogical3 z1 = example1 ! eye ( ,god1 namely1 ! in/rum5t by :i* ,he wat*es u1 ! m\? ( ,god1 by :i* ,he in/ructs u1 ! h& & ! arm ( ,god1 by :i* ,he su/a9s1 or deliv]s1 or corrects1 or cru%es u4 ,x does n !re=e appe> t we c\ld ju/ly & fully draw our conclusions z to ! corporeal con/itution ( an ,olympic deity f ! m]e circum/ance t we are told ( ! knees or lap ( ! gods1 by :i* x might be figuratively express$1 t ! disposal ( human affairs re/s ) !m#gjc2 or because ( t gorge\s description1 :i* ! ,poet has giv5 u1 ( ! head & nod1 mean+ ! decree ( ,jupit]4 ,= all ^! allusions are capable ( explanation on ! same pr9ciple ) ^? ( ,holy ,scripture1 namely1 z be+ relative & explanatory to man4 #gjc ,mure1 h[ev]1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,greek ,lit]ature1 ref]s ! orig9 ( ! metaphor to ! practice ( repres5tation by /atues4 ,b he has a multitude ( o!r ref]5ces to p>ts ( ! body1 :i* d n at all belong to ! use ( !m z organs = communication ) ! imp]fect appreh5sions ( mank9d4 ,?us3 #a4 ,!tis takes hold ( ! *9 ( ,jupit]1 ,il4 i4 #eja4 #b4 ,diom$ w\nds ,v5us on ! wri/1 ,il4 v4 #ccf4 #c4 ,& ,m>s 9 ! abdom51 ,il4 v4 #heg2 :om ,m9]va likewise ov]?r[s by a bl[ on ! neck1 ,il4 xxi4 #djf4 #d4 ,h]cules w\nds ,juno 9 ! "r brea/1 ,il4 v4 #cic2 & we h h] hair1 fle%1 *e/1 & feet1 9 ! toilette ( ,il4 xiv4 #agj-hf4 #e4 ,hel5 discov]s ! neck & brea/ z well z eyes ( ,v5us1 ,il4 iii4 #cif4 ,see ,il4 xxi4 #dbd4 #f4 ,! legs ( ,vulcan are weak1 8 neck /rong1 & 8 *e/ %aggy1 ,il4 xviii4 #daa-ae4 #g4 ,m]cury atta*es w+s to 8 feet1 ,od4 v4 #h4 ,juno seizes ! wri/s ( ,diana1 takes ! b[ & arr[s f h] back1 & beats h] ab\t ! e>s1 ,il4 xxi4 #dhi-ia4 #i4 ,! arr[s rattle on ! %\ld] ( ,apollo1 ,il4 i4 #df4 #aj4 ,! arm+ ( ,m9]va introduces h] %\ld]s1 head1 & feet1 ,il4 v4 #gch-de4 ,we ne$ n1 h[ev]1 be surpris$ at fail+ to f9d 9 ,hom] any conception approa*+ to t ( pure _s1 or any ?+ resembl+ t ref9$ disc]nm5t1 :i* has l$ ,*ri/ian ,art to repres5t ! figure ( our ,"l alone z self-pois$ & self-support$ 9 ! air1 :ile all o!r human =ms1 ev5 :5 transfigur$1 h a gr\nd b5ea? _! feet1 ?\gh x be b made ( cl\d4 ,ev5 9 "s ( ! v highe/ among ,*ri/ian writ]s1 su* z ,dante & ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ! human be+1 aft] ! s\l has gone ?r\gh dismissal f ! fle%1 /ill appe>s to be inve/$ ) a light] =m & species ( body1 app>5tly on ! assumption t ! two elem5ts ( matt] & _s are n only ess5tially1 b insep>ably w$d$ 9 our nature4 ,examples ( miracle 9 ,hom]4 ,full z !y are ( pret]natural signs & op]ations1 ! poems ( ,hom] d n1 nev]!less1 deal mu* ) miracle1 ) ! specific purpose ( :i* he _h no conc]n4 ,by miracle ,i und]/&1 speak+ g5]ally1 n ! m]e use ( ! common natural p[]s1 accumulat$ or enl>g$1 b an op]ation involv+ :at1 ,i suppose1 w\ld be call$ m$ically an organic dep>ture f h] cu/om>y laws3 an op]ation too1 :i* mu/ absolutely be p]=m$1 ^u man himself or "s o!r object1 aft] "s mann] :i* %all be appreciable 9 its results by 8 faculties1 & calculat$ to satisfy !m1 :5 9 _! greate/ vigilance1 t x is a real exp]i5ce1 & n a m]e delusion ( ! s5ses4 ,?us und]/ood1 ! miracles ( ,hom] are1 ,i ?9k1 sc>cely m num]\s ?an ! foll[+3 =1 "u ?is def9ition1 ! ambrosia ( ,simois & ! fl[]s ( ,ida are n miracles#gjd4 #gjd ,il4 v4 #ggg4 xiv4 #cdg4 #a4 ,! crawl+ & l[+ ( ! ox5 ( ! ,sun aft] _! dea?1 ,od4 xii4 #cie1 #f4 #b4 ,! accel]ation ( ! ,sunset1 ,il4 xviii4 #bci4 #c4 ,! ret>dation ( ! dawn1 ,od4 xxiii4 #bda4 #d4 ,! speak+ horse1 ,il4 xix4 #djg4 #c4 ,! ( neas1 ,il4 v4 #ddi4 #f4 ,! port5ts ( ! banquet night 9 ,od4 xx4 #cdg-fb4 ,i feel "s d\bt1 h[ev]1 :e!r ?is is objective1 or :e!r x is only an impression on ! s5ses4 #g4 ,! trans=mation & re-trans=mation ( ,ulysses#gje1 ,od4 xiii4 #cih1 #dbi1 & xxiii4 #aef-fc4 #gje ,ngelsba*1 i4 #aj4 p4 #be4 #h4 ,p]haps1 also1 ! ( ,iph?ime1 ,od4 ix4 #gig4 #i4 ,! g\ts ( blood1 %$ d[n f ! air by ,jupit]1 ,il4 xi4 #ec4 #aj4 ,! trans=mation ( ! s]p5t into a /one 9 ! sight ( all ! ,greeks2 ' 1 ,il4 ii4 #cbj4 ,! fir/ seems due to ! div9e p[] z a :ole2 ! second & f\r? to ,juno2 ! ?ird & sev5? & eigh? to ,m9]va2 ! fif? & six? are ! works ( ,apollo2 ! n9? & t5? ( ,jupit]4 ,i d n add z an elev5? ! conv]sion ( ! ,phacian %ip into a rock1 by ,neptune1 9 ! sight ( ! p2 because ?is is r ( ! class ( m>vels :i* app]ta9$ to o!r1 ev5 second>y gods1 su* z ,vulcan1 9 _! own p>ticul> doma9s1 ,od4 xiii4 #aei-hg4 ,! buoyant arms ( ,a*illes 7,il4 xix4 #chf71 & o!r works ( ,vulcan1 might at fir/ sight seem to belong to ! li/1 b x is d\btful :e!r !y are n poetical r ?an my?ological repres5tations1 & 9 any case !y w\ld appe> z gifts /rictly pr(essional1 ex]cis$ 9 ! ord9>y adm9i/ration ( 8 peculi> function4 ,telema*us appe>s to recognise ! exi/5ce ( miracul\s p[]s 9 ! passage#gjf1 #gjf ,od4 xvi4 #aif4 1 4 ,b ?is is spok5 ( ! ,godhead r ?an ( any p>ticul> deity1 & _c by ,hom]ic analogy be appli$ except to ^? ( ! highe/ natures4 ,_! op]ation on ! human m9d4 ,x w h[ev] be obs]v$1 t sev]al ( ^! prodigies are n /at$ to h *all5g$ human obs]vation :5 p]=m$3 & unless !y submit !mselves to ! te/ ( ! s5ses !y are n prop]ly miracles at all4 ,o!rs ( !m entirely comply ) ! condition1 z especially t ( ,il4 ii4 #cbj4 ,! ret>dation ( sunset & sunrise1 & ! ra9 ( blood1 appe> to pass :olly unobs]v$4 ,prodigies n sett+ out f a basis 9 nature1 su* z ! te>s ( blood %$ by ,jupit]#gjg1 are :olly beyond ! scope ( ^! obs]vations4 #gjg ,il4 xvi4 #dei4 ,on ! :ole1 we f9d /r+5t limitation prevail+ 9 ?is prov9ce1 z reg>ds ! majority ( ! gods4 ,inde$ ! =ces ( nature1 :i* ! my?ological div9ities 9 "p repres5t1 7 sometimes too /rong = !m3 = ,hom] tells u t ,notus & ,zephyr#gjh sometimes %att] vessels at sea )\t or aga9/ ! w ( ! gods3 #gjh ,od4 xii4 #bij4 4 ,ev5 man1 & t )\t impiety1 c occasionally ?9k ( resi/ance4 ,:5 ,m5elaus1 alone 9 ! field1 decides on retir+ be=e ,hector 7:o fights 71 r ?an cont5d 1 he looks ar\nd = ,ajax1 & obs]ves t1 c\ld he b see him1 !y two w\ld fight 1 ev5 ) ! deity oppos$ to !m1 9 ord] to recov] ! body ( ,patroclus#gji4 #gji ,il4 xvii4 #ih-aja4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 ,i ?9k1 ano!r reason1 besides feebl5ess 9 8 conception ( ! gods1 :i* prev5ts ! ,greek ,poet f repres5t+ !m z omnipot5t 9 reg>d to ! op]ations ( ! human m9d2 & t is1 8 pr(\nd s5se ( ! free ag5cy ( man4 ,?is pr9ciple ) him1 z x 71 confronts ! deity on e side2 :o respects its dignity1 & nev] really invades its sph]e1 b pursues 8 "w by means compatible ) its ess5tial "*4 ,! idea ( ! deity p]vad+ ! poems is ma9ly t ( a coop]ative p[]1 :o helps u :5 & z we help ourselves4 ,x is express$ ) an unrivall$ simplicity :5 ,telema*us1 com+ z a "y man into ! pres5ce ( ,ne/or1 feels oppress$ ) a n]v\s %yness2 & ,m9]va enc\rages him by tell+ him t he c ( himself f9d some?+ to say1 & t ! div9ity w prompt m to him#gaj1 #gaj ,od4 iii4 #bf4 1 4 ,heav5ly influ5ce nev] ov]p[]s or suppresses ! w1 b sometimes sugge/s ?\ghts to ! m9d1 & sometimes div]ts x1 n p]haps f ! ?\ght ( an object already p]ceiv$1 b f ! *ance ( p]ceiv+ x4 ,?us1 :5 ,euryclea1 ?r\gh surprise on behold+ ! sc>1 & s recognis+ ,ulysses1 ov]sets ! foot-ba?1 ,p5elope1 :o is pres5t1 might naturally h obs]v$ ! misc>riage2 b ,m9]va int]poses to ab/ract h] att5tion f :at 0 pass+1 le/ %e %\ld recognise h] husb& prematurely3 ' ' ' 1 1 #gaa4 #gaa ,od4 xix4 #dgh4 ,) ! exception ( ,juno1 :o 9 "s s5se reflects ! maje/y ( ,jupit]1 & becomes entitl$ z a wife to h&le 8 pr]ogatives1 x may be /at$ g5]ally respect+ ! deities ( inv5tion prop]ly s call$1 t1 except )9 ! limits ( _! p>ticul> doma9 or (fice1 !y sc>cely at all modify ! laws ( nature1 nev] set 9 motion or direct h] great] =ces1 nor act 9 an extraord9>y mann] on ! m9d or body ( man4 ,ea* 9 8 own prov9ce c /imulate a p>ticul> animal prop5sity1 or improve a p>ticul> gift ( m9d or body3 & t is all4 ,:ile !re=e ! /r5g? ( ! ,olympian deities lies 9 k & 9 p[]1 we f9d ^u ! :ole t ev5 9 ^! p>ticul>ly !y are subject to manifold limitation4 ,!y c\ld translate mortals out ( ?is _w 9 :i* ! rule ( ,dea? prevails1 z we see 9 ! cases ( ,ganym$e1 & ( ,ti?onus2 b x does n appe> t1 if we except ! traditive ideas repres5t$ 9 ,m9]va & ,apollo1 !y c\ld ei!r raise m5 f ! grave1 prev5t _! dy+ 9 ! c\rse ( nature1 heal _! w\nds or diseases1 or set _! brok5 limbs4 ,:5 ev5 ,latona & ,diana heal neas#gab1 !y d x app>5tly ) great] spe$ inde$1 b 9 o!r respects mu* z x w\ld h be5 done by ,podaleirius or ,ma*aon4 #gab ,il4 v4 #dhh4 ,!y d n disc]n ! ?\ghts4 ,nor1 aga91 does x appe> t ev5 ! mo/ exalt$ ( _! numb] _h ! k ( inw>d ?\ghts1 o!rwise ?an z !y may be discov]$ by p]sons ( p>ticul> sagacity4 ,:5 ,m9]va detects ! false acc\nts giv5 ( himself by ,ulysses#gac1 no m is decl>$ ?an ! simple fact t %e has a suffici5t k ( 8 p]sonal id5tity4 ,h5ce1 ) respect to ! fraud ( ,laom$on ^u ,neptune & ,apollo1 ,sa9t ,augu/9e s>ca/ically wond]s t ev5 ,apollo ! div9] %\ld n h kn[n t ,laom$on meant to *eat him#gad2 & t "o ( su* dignity z ,neptune %\ld h be5 9 a l /ate ( ignorance4 ,) ?is we may comp>e ! taunts ( ,elijah#gae aga9/ ! prie/s ( ,baal4 #gac ,od4 xiii4 #bia4 #gad ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 iii4 #b4 #gae #a ,k+s xviii4 #bg4 ,:ile1 !n1 ! gift ( any?+ l g5]al =ekn[l$ge appe>s to be )held f all ! deities ( inv5tion1 t ( ! #8disc]n] ( ! ?\ghts & int5ts ( ! he>t1' is n[h]e f\nd2 nor 0 x believ$ ( any memb] ( ! ,olympian community1 z x 0 said ( ,"o great] ?an !y#gaf3 #8,he knew all m52 & ne$$ n t any %\ld te/ify ( man1 = he knew :at 0 9 man4' #gaf ,john ii4 #bd1 #be4 ,su*1 z f> z ,i am able to pres5t x1 is ! int]nal view ( ! ,olympus ( ,hom]3 a s*eme em95tly national1 & em95tly poetical4 ,egypt1 ,p]sia1 ,phnicia1 ! old ,pelasgians1 d\btless contribut$ mat]ials t[>ds its =mation3 b ,i h a lively conviction t ,hom] 0 7s to speak7 ! !o-my?olog] :o m\ld$ ^! mat]ials into sy/em1 ! sub/itute = unity1 inve/$ !m ) ! =ms & col\rs ( brilliant beauty1 & gave !m _! hold 9 _! hi/oric %ape ^u ! m9d ( 8 c\ntrym52 ) ! sublime ,olympus1 s ne> ! old ,dodona1 ( :i* he probably contriv$ x z ! rival1 = _! c5tre ( life & p[]4 ,,sect4 ,,vi4 ,! ,olympian ,community & its ,memb]s1 consid]$ 9 _! influ5ce on human society & conduct4 ,we h ?us f> consid]$ ! deities ( ,hom] z !y are1 or are repres5t$ by him to be1 9 !mselves individually1 & 9 _! mutual relations4 ,we h n[ to consid] ! relation :i* subsi/$ betwe5 !m & ! race ( man1 especially on its human side2 ! /ate ( religi\s s5tim5t & obligation1 & ( ! moral law1 bo? z t[>ds heav5 & likewise z betwe5 man & man1 s f> z x is imm$iately associat$ ) ! sy/em ( :i* !y are ! repres5tatives4 ,ano!r l>ge "p ( morals1 :i* 0 already 9 great "p deta*$ f visible relation to religion1 w rema9 = sep>ate consid]ation4 ,& "h we may rem>k1 t ! ,hom]ic ,greeks app>5tly knew no?+ ( any p]iodical religi\s obs]vance ( comm&+ au?ority1 su* z to =m a c5tre ei!r = national union1 or = ! life ( ! individual4 ,_h !re be5 su* an obs]vance1 we mu/1 )\t d\bt1 h f\nd a trace ( x on ! ,%ield ( ,a*illes4 ,! only fe/ival1 ( :i* we h cle> in=mation1 is t ( ,apollo 9 ! ,odyssey1 on ! fir/ day ( ! mon?4 ,m obscurely1 "o ( ,m9]va appe>s to be indicat$ 9 ,il4 ii4 #eea4 ,no religi\s wor%ip1 prop]ly to be s call$1 accompani$ ! fun]al ( ,patroclus1 or ! games :i* foll[$ x4 ,! ,w9ds#gag 7 call$ 9 aid = a special purpose4 ,! invocation ( ,sp]*eus#gah is an apology = devot+ to ,patroclus ! hair :i* ,peleus _h1 on 8 son's behalf1 v[$ to t ,riv]-god4 ,nei!r is !re any notice :atev] ( religion 9 ! brief summ>y ( ! proce$+s 9 ,troy aft] ! ransom ( ! corpse ( ,hector#gai4 #gag ,il4 xxiii4 #aid4 #gah ,ibid4 #add4 #gai ,il4 xxiv4 #ghh-hjj4 ,b al?\gh n su/a9$ or organiz$ by ! self-act+ ma*9]y ( p]iodical celebrations1 nor by ! appropriation ( ! s]vices ( a p>ticul> class ( society1 ! life1 ?\ghts1 & actions ( ! bett] ,greeks 7 9 a close & p]vad+ proximity1 s to speak1 to _! religion4 ,i say ( ! bett] ,greeks2 = !re is an almo/ total abs5ce ( ref]5ce to ! gods 9 ! language1 z well z 9 ! actions1 ( ! pr(ligate ,suitors ( ! ,odyssey4 ,:5 x fir/ appe>s1 x is ironical#gbj3 & only 9 ! la/ di/ress does x assume any o!r "*4 #gbj ,od4 xviii4 #cg4 ,9 g5]al t]ms1 e ?+ 0 ascrib$ to ! gods4 ,!y "k all ?+s1 #gba3 ,!y c d e ?+1 #gbb2 & #gbc is said ( ,jupit]1 9 ! "* ( ,provid5ce4 ,!y are ! giv]s ( all bless+s1 m5tal z well z corporal#gbd2 ! dispos]s ( ev5ts2 ! orda9]s1 or ev5 au?ors ( calamities4 ,!y are said also to d = u :at we ourselves h done = ourselves2 z :]e ,ulysses tells ,eumu1 t ! gods broke 8 bonds1 & ! gods hid him#gbe2 acts :i* he himself _h p]=m$4 ,also :at !y effect1 !y commonly effect ) ease1 z 9 bo? ! la/-m5tion$ cases4 #gba ,od4 x4 #cjf4 #gbb ,od4 iv4 #cgi1 #dfh4 #gbc ,ibid4 #bcg4 #gbd ,od4 xxiii4 #aa4 ,?is is fully set =? 9 ,ngelsba*1 i4 #cc1 p4 #ed et seqq4 #gbe ,od4 xiv4 #cdh1 #eg4 ,! ,religion 0 /ill a real p[]4 ,h[ev] faulty1 & h[ev] feeble1 ! religion ( ! ,greeks _h n yet ceas$ to be a religion2 = x 0 believ$ 94 ,m5 might res5t or fe> ! communications made to !m on ! "p ( ! deity2 b !y did n v5ture to repudiate _! au?ority4 ,9 ,hom]1 except ) ! dissolute ,suitors1 7,od4 ii4 #ahj1 #bja47 ! ,se] /&s z ! fai?ful expon5t ( ! w ( ,heav52 & ,agamemnon1 ev5 :5 sm>t+ "u ! decl>ations ( ,cal*as1 & revil+ him accord+ly 9 8 individual capacity 7i4 #ajf71 does n presume to intimate any suspicion t :at he has said is ( 8 own inv5tion4 ,b "t pass$ on3 corruption accumulat$1 & fe/]$ m & m4 ,accord+ly 9 ,euripides1 ,agamemnon & ,m5elaus seem to speak ( ! :ole class ( prophets z if !y des]v$ no belief4 ,see ! ,iphig5ia 9 ,aulis1 v4 #aj1 #aa4 ,s 9 ! same play1 vv4 #ghc-i1 ! ,*orus speaks ( ! bir? ( ,hel5 f ,l$a & ,jupit]1 ) ! proviso1 #8:e!r x 7 true or :e!r fabul\s4' ,aga91 we h 9 ! same play1 vv4 #ide-g3 '2 ' 1 1 1 1 4 ,! m9d ( man _h travell$ f> onw>d 9 its c>e]1 & great *anges _h pass$ ^u 8 moral tone1 be=e ! place ( ! ,prophet1 9 ! e/imation ( ! public1 c\ld be s /rik+ly rev]s$ z we f9d f ^! quotations4 ,9 ! ,hom]ic age1 religion 0 a real p[]2 & ! v5]ation paid to deity ext5d$ s f>1 at lea/1 to ! p]sons ( its m9i/]s1 t sc>ce any human ?\ght c\ld conceive ! possibility ( _! falsify+ ! awful communications ( :i* !y 7 ! vehicles4 ,b x w be repli$1 if religion 0 a p[]1 if :atev] x cov]$ ) its mantle 0 accept$ & held 9 hon\r1 !n :at a deluge ( corruption mu/ h spread ov] ,greece f a religion ( :i* ,jupit] 0 ! head1 & :i* _h ,v5us = "o ( its recognis$ div9ities6 ,n[ ! age ( ,hom] %[s u ! religion ( ,olympus 9 a /ate1 9 :i* x _h n yet become suffici5tly ! object ( scrut9y to sugge/1 on a l>ge scale1 ei!r ! deprav$ imitation :i* 0 to be its too spe$y result1 or ! unbelief :i* =m$1 9 ! moral *a9 ( cause & effect1 its necess>y consummation4 ,corruptions ( ! gods n yet fully felt4 ,9 fact1 we d n f9d t ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( ! ,greek my?ology on mann]s _h be5 fully felt 9 ! "t ( ,hom]4 ,?\gh vices are 9 p>ticul> cases repres5t$ z ! gifts ( p>ticul> deities to p>ticul> individuals1 x does n appe> t ^! 7 yet reg>d$ z examples = g5]al imitation#gbf4 ,b ! beg9n+s ( mis*ief1 s vigor\s & abundant1 did n fail 9 "t to produce _! fruit3 & 9 ! hi/oric ages ( ,greece1 ! models suppli$ by ! conduct ( deities 7 freely plead$ 9 def5ce ( debau*]y & crime#gbg4 #gbf ,ngelsba*1 ,hom4 ,!ol4 on ! case ( ,autolycus4 #gbg ,dll+]1 ,heid4 u4 ,jud4 v4 i4 p4 #bee4 ,plato ,legg4 i4 p4 #fcf4 ,?is is 9 con=mity ) ord9>y exp]i5ce4 ,! vices ( ! great are fir/ pass$ by1 z if x 7 pr(ane to suff] ! eye to re/ ^u !m2 !n !y are reg>d$ = a "t ) deprav$ admiration2 & :5 ! la/ /age is rea*$1 !y are too fai?fully copi$ by ! small4 ,x 0 h>dly possible t m5 c\ld be effectually sway$ = a l5g? ( "t by ! moral gov]nm5t ( deities1 !mselves privileg$ by human inv5tion = unb\nd$ immorality3 b x 0 naturally ! fir/ /age ( ! de/ructive process to vitiate ! "* ( ! gods1 & ! next & lat] "o to break d[n ! cr$it ( _! adm9i/ration ( human affairs1 :i* only became incr$ible ev5 to ! enlight5$ "p ( ! community aft] _! moral wor?lessness _h be5 fully & long develop$4 ,! ,hom]ic poems expose to our view two /&>ds n mutually accordant1 ! objective & ! subjective4 ,if we pay att5tion to ! impressions curr5t among m5 respect+ ! gods1 !y are ! gu>dians ( "s moral & social pr9ciples ( ! highe/ ord]4 ,b if we take _! own ^w = x1 ! m]e ,olympian deities seem ord9>ily to appreciate no quality or conduct1 except ! practice ( (f]+ up num]\s & well f$ animals 9 sacrifice1 ea* ) ! accompany+ tribute ( ! appo9t$ portion2 t s !y may draw1 n a moral b a physical1 ?\gh a comp>atively ref9$1 gratification f ! sav\r & ! ta/e#gbh4 #gbh ,vid4 ,il4 iv4 #dh4 xxii4 #agj4 xxiv4 #fi4 & #cc4 ,! protection1 too1 :i* ! deities usually accord to man1 is n only giv5 on selfi% pr9ciples1 b is liable to be )drawn = causes :olly indep5d5t ( 8 des]ts4 ,qu>rels ab\t m5 are settl$1 n by ea* =ego+ 8 animosities1 b by ea* surr5d]+ & ab&on+ 8 cli5ts4 #8,i w give up ,troy to y1' says ,jupit]2 #8b m9d t ,i %all be at lib]ty to de/roy ! cities :i* y love1 :5 ,i may be s m9d$#gbi4' #8,y are q welcome1' answ]s ,juno1 #8& inde$ ,i c\ld n prev5t y3 b let me h ,troy de/roy$4' ,:y1 says ev5 ,apollo to ,neptune1 %\ld we qu>rel ab\t mis]able mortals8 ,x is n wor? our :ile3 let u leave !m to !mselves#gcj4 ,no ,hom]ic deity ev] w be f\nd to make a p]sonal sacrifice on behalf ( a human cli5t4 #gbi ,il4 iv4 #ci4 & seqq4 #gcj ,il4 xxi4 #dfa-g4 ,9 ! next ,section1 ,i %all endeav\r to %[ t ! practice ( sacrifice 0 n s entirely disconnect$ f morality1 z we are p]haps too apt to suppose4 ,i ?9k we may1 on ! contr>y1 f9d 9 x at lea/ a witness to ! ess5tial h>mony betwe5 morality & div9e wor%ip1 & to ! difficulty ( te>+ !m asund]4 ,we are "h met1 inde$1 by ! case ( ,autolycus1 :i* proves to u t ! bett] elem5ts ( ?is practice 7 already on _! way to corruption1 inasmu* z 9 t in/ance !y _h rea*$ x4 ,x 0 a case1 let x be rememb]$1 ( sacrifices1 n to ! gods 9 g5]al1 nor to ! high] or ! bett] deities1 b to ,m]cury1 a purely my?ical div9ity2 & !re=e :at we see 9 x is1 a false religion 9 a /ate ( rip5ess at "o p>ticul> po9t4 ,n[ ! wor%ip ( ,m]cury1 ! god ( ga91 0 p]haps ! fir/ po9t at :i* ! morality ( ! sy/em might be expect$ to give way3 & x is !re=e q 9 ! natural c\rse t a case l t ( ,autolycus %\ld be pres5t$ to u )\t any correspond+ case = any o!r deity#gca4 ,z x /&s 9 ,hom]1 x repres5ts :at 0 !n ! exception1 ?\gh x 0 gradually to become ! rule4 #gca ,od4 xxiv4 #ead4 ,a moral tone occasionally p]ceptible4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 9 p>ticul> connection ) "o ( ! great traditive deities1 glimpses ( bett] ?+s1 ev5 9 ,olympus4 ,:5 urg$ by ,m9]va on behalf ( ,ulysses 9 ! ,odyssey1 ,jupit] half rebukes h] = hav+ ins9uat$ a d\bt1 by reply+1 #8,h[ c\ld ,i =get ,ulysses1 :o excels o!rs bo? 9 8 intellect1 & 9 ! sacrifices :i* he (f]s to ! gods8'#gcb #gcb ,od4 i4 #fe4 ,x may inde$ be said t 9 ?is passage1 if x be con/ru$ /rictly1 x is m5tal p[] or intellig5ce1 & n any moral quality1 :i*1 z second to lib]ality 9 sacrifice1 is recognis$ z fit to be tak5 into acc\nt by ! gods4 ,/ill x is1 ,i ?9k1 manife/ t ,hom]1 l ! ,holy ,scripture1 includes a moral elem5t 9 ! idea ( wisdom1 :i* is repres5t$ by ! ^w 1 commonly or always us$ ( m5 9 a good s5se4 ,& 9 ! second div9e ,c\ncil ( ! ,odyssey1 ! moral tone rises high]4 ,m9]va1 gr[n m d>+1 pleads pla9ly ! disc\rag+ effect :i* ! indiff]5ce ( ! gods1 if cont9u$1 w h ^u ! moral conduct ( sov]eigns4 #8,let !m1' %e says1 #8ca/ away all moral re/ra9t3 = ! virtu\s ,ulysses is =gott5 by 8 p1 & is deta9$ 9 great affliction by ,calypso#gcc4' #gcc ,od4 v4 #g4 & seqq4 ,= u1 9 ! pres5t inquiry1 ! ma9 "q evid5tly is1 n :at are ! s5tim5ts :i* ! ,poet has repres5t$ z proce$+ f 8 div9ities on ,olympus1 b :at are ^? :i* ! p at l>ge believ$ !m to ent]ta94 ,!re is a consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 ^! two /&>ds3 & x is ! latt] "o by :i* we h n[ to abide4 ,preval5t belief conc]n+ !m4 ,! deities ( ,hom]1 ?us measur$1 are susceptible ( v>i\s =ms ( s5tim5t 9 contemplat+ ! =tunes & de$s ( m54 #a4 ,9 g5]al1 !y reg>d virtue & ob$i5ce ) approbation4 #b4 ,!y reg>d crime ) dissatisfaction & a disposition to puni% x4 #c4 ,b !y also obs]ve any excess1 or m>k$ cont9uity1 ( good =tune 9 ! virtu\s man ) a k9d ( envy3 z if !y c\ld n p]mit ! human race1 on any conditions1 to atta9 to a prosp]ity or abundance :i* %\ld h any semblance ( rivall+ _! own4 ,z respects ! fir/1 x is inde$ a pale & feeble s5tim5t2 b /ill x exi/s4 ,!y li/5 readily to ^? :o obey !m#gcd4 ,pray] appeases !m1 z well z sacrifice#gce4 ,!y love n p]v]se de$s l ^? ( ! ,suitors1 b !y hon\r ju/ice & righte\sness#gcf4 ,^u ! :ole x may be obs]v$1 t mu* m j & elevat$ s5tim5ts are pr$icat$ ( ! gods z a body1 ?an :5 !y appe> z individuals4 ,= x is z a body t !y /ill reta9 a c]ta9 relation to true ,godhead4 #gcd ,il4 i4 #bah4 #gce ,il4 ix4 #dig4 #gcf ,od4 xiv4 #hc4 ,z respects ! second proposition1 !y w&] 9 disguise to exam9e ! conduct ( m5#gcg4 ,a man :o is h>dly us$ may become to 8 oppressor a 1 an occasion ( div9e v5geance4 ,!y view iniquity ) a s5tim5t sometimes call$ by ,hom] 1 an aft]-reg>d t rememb]s & av5ges x4 ,= ?is ! wick$ d n c>e#gch1 & su* indiff]5ce is a *ief sign ( _! depravity4 ,especially !y wat*1 back$ by ! 1 ov] wrongs done to ! poor#gci2 & ,jupit] int]f]es by /orm & flood to te/ify 8 displeasure at unrighte\s gov]nors1 :o adm9i/] crook$ judgm5ts#gdj4 gi/hus is w>n$ & puni%$ by !m4 ,x is ,m9]va :o plans ! v5geance ^u ! ,suitors#gda4 ,at ! same "t1 rev5ge = affronts is a mu* m p[]ful & common motive ) !m1 ?an zeal = ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 ,! latt] is lazy & d\btful2 b _! s5tim5ts 9 reg>d to ! =m] are ( ke5 edge1 & h an irrepressible promptitude & activity4 #gcg ,od4 xvi4 #dhe4 #gch ,il4 xvi4 #chh4 ,od4 xiv4 #hb4 xx4 #bae4 xxii4 #ci4 ii4 #ff1 #acd4 iii4 #acb4 #gci ,od4 xvii4 #dge4 #gdj ,il4 xvi4 #chd-i4 #gda ,od4 xxiv4 #dgi4 ,z respects ! ?ird po9t1 ! gods grudg$ to ,ulysses & ,p5elope an unbrok5 cont9uance ( ! bless+s ( _! dome/ic life#gdb4 ,x is 9 l mann]1 z x w\ld seem1 t1 aft] a long c\rse ( prosp]ity1 ! gallant & good ,bell]ophon became odi\s1 on acc\nt ( 8 good =tune only1 to ! gods#gdc4 ,& ?is same idea is p]haps ! gr\ndwork ( ! alt]native de/9ies ( ,a*illes1 ei!r a long life )\t great glory1 or transc5d5t glory & a %ort c>e]#gdd4 #gdb ,od4 xxiii4 #baa4 #gdc ,il4 vi4 #bjj4 #gdd ,il4 ix4 #daj-af4 ,:ile 9 ! lat] /ages ( hea!n religion ! =m] & nobl] ideas gradually lo/ gr\nd1 ?is less wor?y "o became m & m pron\nc$2 & ,solon1 9 ,h]odotus1 describes himself z kn[+ #gde4 #gde ,h]od4 i4 #cb4 ,9 vague & g5]al t]ms1 ! gods ( ,hom] are repres5t$ z giv]s ( bless+s1 p>ticul>ly ( ext]nal goods4 ,sometimes !y are ra%ly & wildly *>g$ z ! au?ors ( calamities#gdf1 :i* ! folly ( man himself has caus$4 ,b accord+ to ! m grave & s]i\s tea*+ ( ! day1 !y 7 conceiv$ to en=ce1 z aga9/ mortals1 laws f :i* !y 7 c]ta9ly !mselves exempt2 & all[ to mank9d no alt]native1 except t ( mix$ good or else unmix$ evil4 ,two caskets /& ^u ! floor by ,jupit]3 "o ( !m is fill$ ) wret*$ness & %ame2 ! o!r is vicissitude1 :i* oscillates incessantly betwe5 prosp]ity & sorr[4 ,& !re rankles 9 ! m9d ( mank9d a s5tim5t1 :i* tells !m t ! gods1 :ile !y ?us disp5se afflictions ^u e>? :i* are nei!r sweet5$ by love1 nor elevat$ by a di/9ct discipl9>y purpose1 take c>e to keep !mselves beyond all t\* ( grief or c>e#gdg3 #gdf ,od4 i4 #cb4 #gdg ,il4 xxiv4 #ebe4 1 ' 4 ,x l5t consid]able support to virtue4 ,! be/ ?+ t c be said = _! fa9!>t$ enc\ragem5t to virtue is1 t ! good man is c]ta9ly und]/ood 9 mo/ cases1 ?\gh n always1 to prosp] 9 ! end3 let u take1 = example1 ,ne/or1 ,m5elaus1 or ,ulysses4 ,ajax & ,agamemnon meet unhappy ends2 b ,ajax 0 /]n & sull51 :ile ,agamemnon _c be acquitt$ ( cupidity & selfi%ness4 ,on ! o!r h&1 z puni%]s ( wrong1 ! gods ( ,olympus d n visit all wrongs & all vices alike4 ,especially !y take little notice1 9 _! moral gov]nm5t z 9 _! lives1 ( ! law ( purity3 !re is no express notice ( _! displeasure aga9/ ! crime ( ,p>is2 & ,jupit]1 ! gu>dian ( ! judgm5t seat1 ! fri5d ( ! suppliant1 ! /rang]1 & ! poor1 makes no pret5sion to def5d ! m>riage b$ f ! contam9ation he _h himself s (t5 wr\ght4 ,h[ev]1 9 a v aggravat$ in/ance1 namely1 t ( gi/hus1 8 adult]\s m>riage ) ,clytemne/ra#gdh is notic$ explicitly 9 ! ,olympian ,c\ncil1 z contribut+ to ! enormity ( 8 (f5ce4 ,b 9 su* a case _m o!r elem5ts1 besides t ( purity1 are involv$3 ! :ole social & political ord] ( ! _w is at /ake4 #gdh ,od4 i4 #cg-dj4 ,?us ^u ! :ole !re 0 b little m 9 ! s5tim5ts ?an 9 ! conduct ( ! ,immortals1 to ma9ta9 among m5 a s5se ( piety t[>ds ,heav54 ,yet a good deal ( au?ority & support 7 l5t to important pr9ciples ( relative duty1 by ! belief t ! deities w\ld or might av5ge its infraction4 ,we mu/ 9 %ort fully embrace ! fact t man1 z repres5t$ 9 ,hom]1 0 inconsi/5t ) respect to 8 religion1 9 ! s5se opposite to t 9 :i* inconsi/5cy commonly affects t relation4 ,he _h m /ill rema9+ 9 him ( anci5t & natural morality1 ?an 8 belief c\ld ei!r adequately acc\nt = 9 !ory1 or p]man5tly su/a9 9 action4 ,x %\ld at ! same "t be borne 9 m9d1 t1 :ile ! vices ( ,olympus app]ta9 to ! individual deities1 its obscure & qualifi$ virtues1 9 ! *ampion%ip ( duty1 & ! av5g+ ( crime ^u e>?1 are n ! prop]ties ( ?is or t my?ological imp]sonation1 b ei!r ( ! deities consid]$ z a :ole ) "o unit$ w1 or else ( ^? among !m 9 ^: *>act]s ,hom] /ill enables u to read ! ve/iges ( primitive tradition4 ,_! c\rse ) respect to ,troy4 ,sa9t ,augu/9e obs]ves#gdi1 t "s def5d]s ( ! ,pagan my?ology 9 lat] times quot$ ! fall ( ,troy z an in/ance ( ,div9e retribution com+ ^u ! desc5dants ( ,laom$on = 8 p]jury1 & "s1 to ! same effect1 z a puni%m5t ( ! adult]y committ$ by ,p>is4 ,to :i* he replies truly1 t ! hea!n deities _h no "r to puni% 9 ,p>is an act :i* _h ! sanction ( ,v5us1 z %e bore neas to ,an*ises1 & ( ,m>s z ! fa!r ( ,romulus3 neas & ,romulus be+ ! two great reput$ f\nta9-heads ( ! highe/ ,roman l9eage4 #gdi ,de ,civ4 ,dei1 iii4 #c4 ,n[1 ?\gh ,hom] has practically repres5t$ ! gods z av5g+ ! pollution ( ! nuptial b$1 x may be obs]v$ t he n[h]e seems to put prom95tly =w>d ! adult]y ( ,p>is z ! ma9 gi/ ( 8 (f5ce4 ,9 fact1 ! idea ( adult]y is v mu* absorb$1 z we %all see1 accord+ to ! poems1 9 ! act ( viol5t abduction4 ,! ,greeks on _! side1 ) ! s+le exception ( ,m5elaus himself1 treat ,p>is z a robb]1 or else a c[>d2 n z "o :o _h1 l gi/hus ) ,clytemne/ra1 corrupt$ ! wife ( "o ( _! pr9ces4 ,& s ,hector is1 ,i ?9k1 n q accurately criticiz$ by ,mure#gej = fail+ to f9d fault ) ,p>is on ! gr\nd ( adult]y4 ,hector does reproa* 8 bro!r = hav+ abus$ ! fri5dly int]c\rse ( life to c>ry (f ano!r man's wife1 & !n n hav+ ! c\rage to meet ! husb& 9 ! field4 ,?is seems to me 9 p]fect keep+ ) ! ideas ( ! "t1 especially if ,i am "r 9 ! view1 :i* ,i %all endeav\r to su/a9 by argum5t1 t ,hector himself is n ! eld]1 b ! y\ng] bro!r ( ! two4 ,:at did ! ,greeks aim at av5g+8 ,n1 we %all f9d1 ! wrong done to ,m5elaus 9 8 conjugal "*1 b ! sorr[s & suff]+s ( ,hel5 7 evid5tly ! prom95t & conspicu\s idea 9 ! m9d ( ! ,poet1 & 9 ! m9d1 z he repres5ts x1 ( ! ,greeks4 ,s t1 :ile ,m5elaus himself is ! only p]son :o 9 ! ,iliad %[s a res5tm5t ( 8 own conjugal wrongs1 ! ,greeks appe> to ?9k p>tly ( ,hel51 p>tly ( _! nation's hon\r1 p>tly ( _! allegiance to ! ,pelopids2 & p>tly1 p]haps *iefly1 ( ! booty :i*1 9 requital ( _! ardu\s lab\rs1 !y are to ga9 ^u ! sack ( ,troy#gea4 #gej ,mure's ,lit4 ,greece1 vol4 i4 on ! "* ( ,hector1 ,il4 iii4 #df-eg4 #gea ,il4 ii4 #cee4 ,! def5ce1 !re=e1 ( ! hea!n deities :i* ,/4 ,augu/9e notices z hav+ be5 put =w>d1 0 a late aft]?\ght4 ,! ,poet appe>s inde$ to treat ! lu/ful effem9acy ( ,p>is 9 g5]al ) a grave & m>k$ contempt2 b ?is is r 8 own p]sonal s5tim5t1 ?an a result directly connect$ ) 8 religi\s belief or sy/em4 ,&1 m at l>ge1 ,i d n f9d x cle> t 9 any place ( ! ,poems any deity appe>s1 ei!r z ! gu>dian ( purity1 or z ! av5g] ( its infraction4 ,"u ^! circum/ances we %all h ! m cause to wond]1 t t virtue c\ld /ill h be5 held1 z x 0 held1 by ,hom] & ! ,greeks1 9 p>tial b evid5tly real admiration4 ,al?\gh retribution 0 limit$ to public & social s9s1 & did n t\* ! inn] & f9] p>ts ( human conduct1 x is n difficult to trace ! advantages :i* fl[$ f t s5sible rema9d] ( religion :i* /ill subsi/$ 9 ! ,h]oic age2 n f ^? p>ts ( ! sy/em :i* 7 due to human inv5tion1 b f ! elem5ts :i* x /ill conta9$ ( ! anci5t !ism1 & :i* inv5tion _h n yet :olly smo!r$4 ,?us1 = example1 x 0 ?\ght t ! ang] ( ! gods might be br\ght d[n ^u a c\ntry by ! misconduct ( its gov]nors#geb2 & ! fe> ( ! temporal calamities ?us to be incurr$ w\ld1 naturally1 t5d to ! ma9t5ance ( integrity 9 ! adm9i/ration ( ju/ice4 #geb ,il4 xvi4 #chg4 ,z betwe5 gov]nors & gov]n$1 s betwe5 ri* & poor4 ,we _c d\bt t ! wor?y ,eumu expresses ! g5]al s5tim5t ( 8 age1 :51 hav+ be5 reproa*$ by ! haughty ,suitor ,ant9\s ) hav+ invit$ a begg> into ! palace ( ,ulysses1 he answ]s1 n by d5ial1 b by %[+ t ! idea is self-condemn$ by its absurdity4 ,^? inde$1 he replies1 may be solicit$ to come to a h\se :o ex]cise ! agreeable or ! useful pr(essions2 ! ,se]1 ! ,doctor1 ! ,artific]1 ! ,b>d1 ^! are ! p :o get invit$ all ov] ! _w2 ' 1 2 ,:o w\ld be su* a fool z to invite a begg>8#gec #gec ,od4 xvii4 #chb-g4 ,) ?is /&>d ( s5tim5t1 n peculi> to t age1 except 9 ! simple frankness ) :i* x is av[$1 x 0 surely ( ! utmo/ importance = ! ne$y & afflict$1 t !y %\ld be plac$ by ! popul> belief 9 ! special *>ge ( ! deity2 4 ,s t1 ?\gh none w\ld invite !m1 yet few w\ld take ! responsibility ( reject+ _! supplications = :at 0 ne$ful to supply _! wants4 ,& ! /&+ di/9ction 9 ! ,odyssey betwe5 a virtu\s & a vici\s p is1 t ! =m] is insol5t1 fi]ce1 & unrighte\s1 :ile ! latt] is k9d to /rang]s & ( god-fe>+ m9d#ged2 #ged ,od4 vi4 #abj4 viii4 #egf4 ix4 #agf4 xiii4 #bjb4 ' ' 1 1 1 2 ,be>+ ( ! religion on social ties4 ,x 0 ?us a cle> fact 9 ! h]oic age1 t religi\s belief 0 a f\ndation & support to ! ex]cise ( *>itable (fices betwe5 man & man4 ,i ?9k we may fur!r ass]t1 t x is a fact ( all "t2 t 9 all ages & c\ntries ! /r5g? & livel9ess ( belief 9 ,god is a measure :i* det]m9es ! aggregate am\nt & activity ( mutual love4 ,h5ce1 z ! ,olympian religion became m & m holl[1 public oppression increas$1 & private *>ity & hospitality decl9$4 ,yet1 ev5 9 its mo/ corrupt & decrepit p]iod1 x 0 on ! /eps ( temples t ! congregations ( m5dicants assembl$2 spontane\s & unconsci\s witnesses to ! fact t1 next to ,god _! ,fri5d 9 heav51 ! reflection ( ,god1 h[ev] fa9t1 9 ! m9d ( man1 is _! be/ fri5d on e>?4 ,& ( ! _m great social results ( ,*ri/ianity1 "o /&+ 9 ! v =emo/ rank has be51 t x has = ! fir/ "t made ! rights ( ! poor a social axiom1 :i*1 ?\gh x may 9 practice be evad$1 none are h>dy en\gh to d5y4 ,p]haps ! v /ronge/ ( all ! pro(s ( ! connection betwe5 religi\s belief1 & duties to ! ne$y1 is to be f\nd 9 ! in/9ctive horror :i* is creat$ 9 ! m9ds ( m51 :5 a prom95t pr(ession ( ! fir/ is accid5tally & occasionally exhibit$ by p]sons1 :o %[ a palpable disreg>d ( ! second4 ,side by side ) ! p[]ful obligation1 ( ! indet]m9ate species1 :i* b9ds man to man 9 ! "n ( *>ity or bro!rly k9dness1 /&s ! correspond+ det]m9ate pr9ciple ( tru? & ju/ice1 :i* aims at pres]v+ entire to ea* individual ! def9ite rights to :i* he is entitl$4 ,an important "p ( ^! def9ite rights belongs imm$iately to ! relations betwe5 ! private p]son & ! civil p[]4 ,b ! capacity ( any human au?ority to d ju/ice1 ev5 :]e ! w _c be f\nd fault )1 is ( necessity defective3 & no gov]nm5t c d its duties = a day1 irrespective ( ! aid :i* ea* private p]son r5d]s to x 9 ref]5ce to e o!r4 ,nor is ?is en\gh2 x wants1 & _c disp5se )1 ! assi/ance ( an auxili>y )9 ! brea/1 9 ord] to gu>d itself aga9/ delusion1 & to secure ! requisite con=mity betwe5 ?\ght1 ^w1 & act4 ,9 o!r words1 ! /ate wants an in/rum5t by :i* to induce m5 to speak ! tru?4 ,no su* end c be rea*$ by =ce4 ,=ce1 9 ! %ape ( torture1 w d\btless 9 ! long run avail to make m5 assev]ate t1 be x :at x may1 by :i* !y may obta9 release f an intol]able suff]+4 ,b ! fir/ effect ( torture is to make ! suff]] indiff]5t to ! tru? or falsehood ( 8 confessions1 s he c b obta9 relief by means ( !m4 ,! second1 & /ill m detrim5tal effect1 mu/ be to und]m9e ! v basis ( inw>d tru?fulness1 & to create a m5tal habit ( indiff]5ce z betwe5 :at is true & :at is false4 ,& on political relations4 ,h5ce1 ! desid]atum = ! /ate c only be f\nd 9 "s p[] :i* works 9 & ) ! w ( ! private p]son4 ,x has inde$ be5 argu$1 & ,i believe ) ju/ice1 t ! a!i/ ought on 8 own pr9ciples to speak ! tru?2 t is1 if he does n %ut 8 eyes to ! te/imony borne by ! daily exp]i5ce ( life to ! exi/5ce ( a moral gov]nm5t 9 ! _w1 ev5 on ?is side ( ! grave4 ,b ?is supposes1 at any rate1 "s degree ( m5tal culture2 & x is ess5tial to public ord] to f9d ! means ( op]at+ ^u ^? :o h receiv$ no su* tra9+4 ,! "q is h[ to obta9 ! volunt>y disclosure ( tru?1 9 cases :]e nei!r int]e/ or incl9ation are ( !mselves suffici5t to secure x4 ,to ?is "q ! exp]i5ce ( ! _w1 up to ?is "t1 r5d]s "o & b "o answ]4 ,! requisite influ5ce may be f\nd1 & c only be f\nd1 9 an appeal to ! ,maje/y on high1 & to ! sanctions ( a future life4 ,"h1 !n1 does ! ,v5]able ,oa? /& =? 9 all its maje/y4 ,! act ( call+ ! ,deity 9 ! mo/ solemn ( its v>i\s =ms to witness1 has be5 f\nd at once to make ! ^w ( a man ! /\te/ bond ( human society3 = ! p]jur] /rips himself ( all div9e aid#gee2 #gee ,il4 iv4 #bce4 ' 1 & exposes himself to ! mo/ t]rible p5alties#gef2 #gef ,il4 xix4 #bfd4 ' 1 '1 1 ' 4 ,"u ! op]ation ( ! oa?1 ! *ances1 s to speak1 are d\bl$ 9 fav\r ( ! v]acity ( ! witness3 fir/1 he may n be wick$ en\gh to =swe> himself2 & secondly1 if he is wick$ en\gh1 yet he may n h ! requisite am\nt ( d>+ 9 8 wick$ness4 ,^! views w1 ,i ?9k1 receive mat]ial confirmation :5 we come to consid] ! relative positions ( ! oa? 9 ,greece & 9 ,troy4 ,= ! pres5t1 ,i leave ! subject ) ! obs]vation1 t f\r %ort words describe ! props ( human society3 !y are1 1 1 1 4 ,all ^! sanctions1 h[ev] p>tial & remote1 ?us giv5 to human duty by belief 9 ! gods1 c\ld n b be ( great practical value4 ,& inde$ x may ) tru? be said1 t ! m]e idea ( ! pres5ce ( an ov]rul+ p[] 9 ! _w 0 ( ine/imable advantage 9 repress+ human passion1 9 mod]at+ desire1 & 9 limit+ ! excesses ( caprice1 wilfulness1 & viol5ce4 ,b x is obvi\s t ^! b5eficial results f belief 9 ! gods belong$ n to ! p>ticul> developm5t1 b to ! !i/ical pr9ciple :i* lay )9 & "u x4 ,! idea ( a moral ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se 01 & ev] w be1 an unfail+ se$ ( good :]ev] x may exi/4 ,! ,pagan my?ology1 at e /ep ( its unfold+ into detail1 enfeebl$ & degrad$ t great idea1 b x c\ld n be de/roy$ all at once4 ,nemo rep5te fuit turpissimus2 & a sy/em1 l a man1 requires "t to rea* ! extreme ( depravation4 ,z1 among m51 a judge is n suppos$ to lose all reg>d = ju/ice1 because x may be t 9 "s p>ticul> ( private life he has transgress$1 s ! ,olympian div9ities might h cr$it z adm9i/rators ( moral gov]nm5t1 ev5 aft] !y _h begun to be *>g$ ) in/ances ( immorality4 ,b an unscrupul\s ord] & succession ( judges1 w\ld 9 "t put an end to ! idea ( public ju/ice2 & s ! cont9u+ & gr[+ degradation ( ! ,immortals1 9 "t put an end to ! s5se ( religion1 & made ev5 its fanes#geg smoky1 & its pomps contemptible4 #geg ,prop]tius1 ,el4 ,,ii4 v4 #bg4 ,hor4 ,od4 ,,iii4 vi4 #c1 #d4 ,sat4 ,,ii4 ii4 #ajc-e4 ,& c]ta9ly1 :5 we look at ! evils1 ( :i* ! my?ological sy/em 0 ! s\rce1 we _c b be /ruck ) _! ov]:elm+ magnitude1 & ) ! highly in/ructive fact1 t 9 e case !y s manife/ly belong1 n to ! orig9al pr9ciple ( belief & wor%ip due f man to 8 ,creator1 b to ! dep>ture f a pure1 & ! lapse into an impure belief4 ,moral be>+ ( ! ,religion on ! poems4 ,! cr$it = moral results1 :i* has ?us be5 all[$ to ! probable op]ation ( ! ,hom]ic ,!o-my?ology 9 ! _w1 mu/ be /eadily d5i$ to its influ5ce ^u ! poems1 :]e x appe>s be=e u z 9 ! ma9 a l[]+ & corrupt+ ag5cy4 ,9 fact1 ! religion & ! morality ( ! ,hom]ic poems appe> to sep>ate1 & to run 9 opposite directions4 ,! rights ( ! "q at issue1 9 an e?ical po9t ( view1 are pla9ly ) ! ,greeks3 !y v9dicate by arms n "o only1 b two pr9ciples1 bo? ( !m vital to ! ord] ( society1 & to individual happ9ess & virtue3 ! sanctity1 fir/1 ( ! family & ( m>riage ties2 secondly1 ( ! relation creat$ by ! rites ( hospitality4 ,& ) ! rights g ! =tunes ( ! cause4 ,! capture & fall ( ,troy con/itute a great triumph ( ju/ice ov] wrong4 ,b ! my?ological elem5ts ( ! "q are ca/ 9 a m\ld entirely diff]5t4 ,! royal family ( ,troy has be5 all along 9 s+ul> fav\r ) ! deities1 not)/&+ ! p]jury ( ,laom$on2 & t fav\r does n appe> to be 9 any degree dim9i%$ by ! gross & %ameful crimes t /& aga9/ ,p>is 9 ! poem1 or by ! unfail+ & extraord9>y obtus5ess ( 8 moral s5se4 ,ganym$e1 ,ti?onus1 ,an*ises1 z well z ,p>is1 h all be5 especial objects ( div9e reg>d4 ,n only did a full half ( ! o!r deities take "p ) ! ,trojans 9 ! w>1 b ,jupit] himself1 ap>t f 8 concession to ,!tis1 0 conc]n$ = !m1 & says#geh1 #8,!y int]e/ me ev5 :ile !y p]i%' 7 74 #geh ,il4 xx4 #ba4 ,aga91 9 ! meet+ ( ! gods1 he describes ,hector#gei z de> to !m = 8 regul> & abundant sacrifices1 tak+ no note :atev] ( 8 p]sonal virtues4 ,( ! ?ree deities :o 7 actively ho/ile to ,troy1 ,neptune1 ,juno1 & ,m9]va1 all _h p]sonal causes ( (f5ce3 ! fir/1 ! fraud ( ,laom$on1 :i*1 h[ev]1 0 also an (f5ce aga9/ ! moral law2 bo? ! o!rs _h ! spret injuria =m1 & ,juno _h also special pr$ilections to gratify4 ,! fall ( ,ilios1 & ! dea? ( ,hector1 are j3 b ! wond] is1 ) ! fav\rable relations t subsi/$ betwe5 ! ,trojans & ! fa!r ( gods1 z well z m51 :i* 7 9 no respect impair$ by crime1 h[ ,hector came to die1 or ,troy to fall4 ,:ile ! fall ( ,troy is ju/ice1 x does n seem to come ab\t because x is agreeable to ju/ice1 b r z ! result ( ! balance ( =ce among ! gods1 & ( _! remembrance ( p]sonal injuries4 ,x appe>s all along1 z ?\gh x 7 ! "r-m9d$ness ( ! ,poet :i* keeps ! :eels ( ! ma*9e go+1 :ile ^? :o %\ld be ! driv]s are at fault4 #gei ,il4 xxiv4 #ff4 xxii4 #agj4 ,aga91 9 ! ,odyssey1 ! ,provid5ce ( ! poem1 if we may s speak1 is on ! side ( ,virtue2 & a prosp]\s rema9d] ( life1 ) a happy dea?1 is promis$ to ! h]o4 ,( ?is provid5ce ,m9]va1 ) ! approval ( ,jupit]1 is ! wise & indefatigable organ4 ,b :ile ! g5]al idea ( provid5ce moves 9 ! "r direction1 ! poly!i/ic =mations "w p[]fully 9 a wrong "o4 ,david & 8 companions ate ! %[-bread 9 ! temple1 & 7 blameless1 because x 0 to relieve a hung] t !y _h no o!r means ( satisfy+3 b ev5 imp5d+ fam9e does n excuse or palliate ! (f5ce ( ! companions ( ,ulysses1 :o use = food a portion ( ! ox5 ( ! ,sun4 ,! jeal\sy & cruelty ( ,neptune1 ! gifts ( ,m]cury to ,autolycus1 ! savage crimes ( ,polyphemus1 :i* d n detract f 8 relation to a deity ( ! highe/ rank1 ! disp>agem5t ( ! highe/ human virtues 9 ,calypso1 ! ho/ility to human peace & happ9ess 9 ,circe & ! ,sir5s1 place ! div9e life ( ! ,odyssey on a mu* l[] level ?an ! human & h]oic1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t depress by _! admixture ! s\nd e?ical tone ( ! poem4 ,all along1 :ile ,hom] luxuriates1 poetically1 9 ! abundance & brilliancy ( 8 mat]ials1 he has morally to repair _! defici5cies1 & to cont5d ) & ov]rule _! bias4 ,i _c !re=e b diff] greatly f ,nitzs*1 :o1 9 8 ,essay on ! ,ang] ( ,neptune#gfj1 seems to elevate x to ! dignity ( a provid5tial res5tm5t1 & to conceive ( ! suff]+s ( ,ulysses z a puni%m5t = a moral (f5ce 9 ! treatm5t ( ,polyphemus4 ,9 ?is way ,i grant t a sort ( p>allel is e/abli%$ betwe5 8 case & ! *a/isem5ts :i* ,a*illes receives 9 ! ,iliad1 ?r\gh ! dea? ( ,patroclus1 & ! surr5d] ( ! body ( ,hector4 ,bo? h]oes seem ?us to /& ^u a level3 bo? fav\r$ *ildr5 ( ! gods1 hon\r$ 9 ! ma91 b *a/is$ = _! faults4 ,b ev5 ?is seem+ p>allelism fails :5 we rememb] ! respective sequels4 ,! curta9 ( ! ,iliad falls on ! eve ( ! premature dea? ( ,a*illes3 z t ( ! ,odyssey is dropp+ ov] ! head ( ,ulysses1 we p]ceive1 9 p]spective1 ! picture ( 8 s]5e old age4 #gfj ,nitzs*1 ,odyssee1 ,vol4 ,,iii4 p4 xiv4 ,z reg>ds ! important "q ( purity1 ! impression made on my own m9d 9 read+ ! poems ( ,hom] is ?is3 t1 b = 8 my?ology1 !y w\ld h be5 unimpea*able1 at lea/ 9 "o po9t ( virtue2 !y w\ld h be5 absolutely pure4 ,:atev] is dissolute 9 _! moral t5d5cy z reg>ds ?is p>ticul> subject1 evid5tly & directly fl[s f t s\rce4 ,we r>ely meet a s5tim5t t c ar\se any?+ l revulsion3 ! wor/ by f> t has /ruck me is ! advice giv5 to ,a*illes by 8 "m ,!tis 7,il4 xxiv4 #acj71 z a mode ( solace = 8 grief4 ,! n>rative ( ! ,net ( ,vulcan 9 ! ,odyssey is "o1 t ,hom] w\ld h be5 f> too mode/ to recite ) ref]5ce to human be+s3 & ! only o!r passage1 :i* seems to be m>k$ ) a t+e ( grossness1 is t :i* relates to ! /ratagem ( ,juno 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,iliad4 ,its be>+ z to poetic effect4 ,we may1 h[ev]1 ju/ly di/+ui% betwe5 ! influ5ce ( my?ology on ! morality ( ! ,poems1 & its op]ation ) reg>d to poetic effect4 ,9 ?is view ! consequ5ces ( its introduction1 ?\gh mix$1 are ^u ! :ole highly fav\rable4 ,!re is inde$ m or less ( desc5t f ! usual gr&eur ( ,hom]1 :5 we f9d 8 deities m+l+ 9 actual conflict3 because !y nev] su/a9 9 ! field ( battle a "p at all correspond+ to _! cele/ial dignity & presum$ p[]4 ,nor is ! ,!oma*y prop]1 9 ! ,tw5ty-fir/ book ( ! ,iliad1 among ! mo/ successful p>ts ( ! poem4 ,b ! pr9cipal portion ( _! ag5cy takes effect ^u ! elem5ts or o!r mat]ial objects1 or ^u animals1 or ^u ! human m9d by way ( influ5ce & sugge/ion3 & its t5d5cy is 9 g5]al to imp>t int]e/ & v>iety1 z well z poetic elevation1 to ! sc5]y & n>rative4 ,! plot ( ea* epic is work$ out simultane\sly 9 two diff]5t =ms ^u two diff]5t ar5as3 9 ,olympus by div9e c\nsel1 & on e>? by human ef=t & execution4 ,yet no confusion results f ! d\ble action1 :ile ! play & c\nt]play ( ! div9e & human elem5ts communicate a rem>kable ela/icity to ! movem5t ( ! poems4 ,_! value is p>ticul>ly felt 9 ! ,iliad1 :i*1 f its limit$ sc5e & subject1 lies 9 dang] ( ! sam5ess :i*1 by ?is means among o!rs1 x on ! :ole escapes4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! relation betwe5 ! assi/+ or patron deities1 & ! h]o or protagoni/ ( ea* poem1 is conduct$ ) great consi/5cy & effect3 b ! mo/ sublime uses ( sup]natural ma*9]y to be f\nd ?r\gh\t ! poems are ^? 9 :i* ! traces ( x are ! mo/ %ad[y & fa9tly drawn4 ,take = example ! mann] 9 :i* ,a*illes is s5t out un>m$ to ! field1 & aga91 to ! mann] ( 8 arm+1 9 ! ,iliad3 9 ! ,odyssey1 ! wond]ful picture ( div9e displeasure & incumb5t mal$iction seem+ to ga!r ar\nd & hem 9 ! ,suitors ( ,p5elope1 concurr5tly ) ! prep>ations = human v5geance3 z if ! sc5e 7 too d>k = eyes l !irs to cat* ! true mean+ ( ^! l[]+ signals1 :i* give a gloomy b maje/ic sanction to ! t]rible swoop ( retributive ju/ice alight+ ^u crime4 ,its e>lie/ & late/ =ms4 ,x w\ld be mo/ int]e/+ to pursue ! comp>ison betwe5 ! believ+ or cr$ul\s infancy ( ,paganism z we see x 9 ,hom]1 & its cold & jeal\s decrepitude z we f9d x 9 ! writ]s ( its late/ p]iod1 :5 ! light ( ! lamp 0 fad+ be=e ! already ris5 ,sun4 ,9 ,hom] we f9d ! gods (f]+ 9 _! conduct e sort ( example ( weakness1 passion1 & fraud4 ,b !y take an active %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 & m5 look up to !m1 collectively or individually1 ) m or less ( confusion inde$1 bo? intellectual & moral1 b /ill truly & actually z ex]cis+ "s sort ( provid5tial gov]nm5t ov] ! _w4 ,! my?ology ( ! "t ( ,hom] is a weak1 faulty1 & corrupt religion1 ,i admit1 b /ill x is a religion1 a bond :i* associates man ) ! unse5 _w1 & br+s "s1 at lea/1 ( its influ5ces to be> ^u 8 conduct & "*4 ,& if ! ,greeks ( ,hom] 7 n %ock$ by ^? immoralities ( ! ,immortals :i* aft]w>ds came to be ?\ght intol]able1 x 0 n because !y 7 m impure ?an _! po/]ity1 = !y 7 f> pur]3 b ! pr9ciple ( belief 9 ! invisible 0 9 !m alike lively & inconsequ5t2 & x 0 n yet ev5 consci\s ( a load :i*1 9 lat] times1 ) enfeebl$ =ce1 & an augm5t$ critical activity1 x c\ld n c>ry4 ,9 ! "t ( ,plut>*1 ab\t "o hundr$ ye>s aft] our ,"l's nativity1 we f9d ! *ange complete4 ,!re 0 n[ no pr9ciple ( belief 9 m5's m9ds :i* c\ld endure ei!r ! good or ! evil ( ! anci5t sy/em3 & a quick5$ intellig5ce1 z well z ! /ream+ 9 ( rays f ,revelation1 _h made ! human intellect m pa9fully alive to its moral solecisms1 )\t r5d]+ x able to sugge/ a rem$y4 ,accord+ly1 ,plut>* relieves ! ,hom]ic deities f ! faults imput$ to !m by say+1 t ! ,poet has made use ( ^! fictions to excite ! fancy#gfa3 4 ,or1 aga91 x 01 he says#gfb1 because ! "n ( 1 ,=tune or ,*ance1 0 n yet 9 use1 t m5 ref]r$ to ! gods :at !y did n "k h[ to acc\nt = 9 any o!r mann]4 ,alas = mank9d6 sad is ! /ate ( ^?1 :o mu/ reckon ! inv5tion ( t "n among _! bless+s4 ,9 ! fact1 h[ev]1 t ,hom] & 8 age knew no?+ ( ! ^w or ! idea1 he discloses to u "o ( ! _m po9ts 9 :i* infancy is practically wis] ?an old age4 ,let u1 ,plut>* goes on to say1 cure ^! errors by o!r passages ( ! ,poet 9 :i* he gives u ! tru?1 ! 3 b ! passages1 :i* he cites ) ?is view1 are n passages :]e ! deities are repres5t$ z 9 any active relations ( good t[>ds ! _w3 !y are simply ^? :i* exhibit !m z liv+ 9 a repose undi/urb$ by c>e1 :ile !y leave = u a de/9y ( tr\ble3 !y are ^? :i* relate to ! 1 ! ' 4 ,/ripp$ ( active vice1 b yet n adorn$ ) virtue1 !y become m]ely cold & selfi%1 hopeless & inaccessible ab/ractions4 #gfa ,de ,aud4 ,poet4 #bj4 #gfb ,ibid4 #bc4 ,!re is 9 all ?is a c]ta9 logical sequ5ce4 ,! />t+ po9t is t ( belief 9 a moral ,gov]nor ( ! univ]se1 good himself1 & enjo9+ goodness ^u o!rs4 ,b 8 own goodness fails1 & 8 ag5cy among m5 = ! orig9al purpose becomes m & m feeble & equivocal1 :ile ! human intellect1 %>p5$ by discussion1 & puff$ up ) k1 or ) ! supposition & phantasm ( x1 becomes m & m exact+3 s t ! ab/ract gods 9 ,cic]o are 7)\t d\bt7 f> m elevat$ ?an ! p]sonal gods ( ,hom]4 ,b !y are m]e works ( art3 &1 aft] all1 ! p]sonal gods ( ,hom] 7 ! only ones t _h be5 really wor%ipp$ by m53 & :5 _! case becomes s bad t !y c no long] be exhibit$ to ! p z rul]s ( ! _w1 a refuge is f\nd 9 ! ,epicurean !ory1 :i* relegates !m to a heav5 ( enjoym5t & abundance1 & on pret5ce ( m5tal ease d5ies !m any pr]ogative ( int]v5tion 9 human affairs#gfc4 ,! ga9 ( m c>eful & compreh5sive !ory is mu* m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by ! practical loss ( ! p]sonal elem5t1 & !re=e ( ! belief 9 a real ,provid5ce1 ov]see+ ! affairs ( m54 ,s ! next onw>d /ep is to ! doctr9e ( ! ,academicians4 ,9 ! ,de ,natur ,deorum1 :]e t sect is repres5t$ by ,cotta 9 ! discussion ) ! *ampions ( ! ,epicureans & ! ,/oics1 ,cic]o himself1 & ! rul+ t5d5cy1 if n op9ion1 ( 8 day1 are evid5tly exhibit$ to u "u ,cotta's "n4 ,! transition n[ made is f gods ) a s9ecure to no gods at all3 & ,paganism ends 9 nullity1 j z a mov+ mass f9ds its f9al equilibrium 9 repose4 #gfc ,lucret4 i4 #eg-fb4 ,its gloomy view ( human de/9y4 ,ev5 :ile h]oic ,greece & its great ,poet exi/$1 ! deepe/ problems ( our be+ 7 f> too d>k = man to p5etrate4 ,! picture :i* ,i h rudely drawn1 & :i* is n :olly a joyless picture1 0 liable to be black5$1 ev5 = ?is _w1 by _m a /orm ( crime & ( calamity2 at ! v be/ x 0 a picture = ?is _w only1 = ! mortality & n ! immortality ( man4 ,b t sc5e has its close3 & mo/ t\*+ x is to see t1 ) all 8 creative p[]1 ) all 8 imag9ative brightness1 ) all ! advantage he d]iv$ f liv+ 9 ! y\? ( ! _w1 be=e mank9d _h fully s\nd$ ! dep? ( _! own fall1 or _h begun to accumulate ! sad records ( _! mis]ies & crimes2 ev5 ,hom] c\ld n solve ! enigma ( our condition1 or disp]se ! cl\ds t ga!r$ r\nd our de/9y4 ,!re are two pr(\ndly memorable passages 9 ! poems1 :i* h set _! d\ble seal on ?is tru?4 ,"o ( !m is 9 ! ,odyssey3 x is a confession f ! m\? ( t ,a*illes1 9 ^: m9d & p]son1 z !y are del9eat$ by ,hom]1 our humanity has be5 c>ri$ p]haps to a high] po9t ( gr&eur1 ?an x has ev] s9ce atta9$4 #8,d n1 illu/ri\s ,ulysses1 d n palt] ) me ab\t dea?1' says ! m\rnful %ade4 #8,r w\ld ,i s]ve = hire "u a ma/]1 aye & a ne$y ma/]1 ^u ! face ( e>?1 ?an be "l ( ! :ole _w ( ! dep>t$#gfd3' #gfd ,od4 xi4 #dhh4 1 ' ' ' 1 1 4 ,a trail ( heav5ly light inde$ s f> play$ ^u ! h]oic _w1 t we he> ( ^? few :o _h already be5 translat$ to ! skies2 & ( two m1 "o a son ( ,jupit]1 already 9 ! peaceful ,elysian pla9s1 & ! o!r ,m5elaus1 :o1 z 8 daught]'s husb&1 0 likewise to be c>ri$ ?i!r on 8 decease4 ,b x is ! m\? ( ,a*illes1 ! illu/ri\s1 ! godlike ,a*illes1 :i* "h utt]s1 9 tones s deeply m\rnful1 ! common voice ( ! *ildr5 ( ,adam4 ,x 0 ! v same conclusion :i*1 z we f9d 9 ano!r place#gfe1 ?is fav\r$ mortal _h =m$ on e>?4 #gfe ,il4 xxiv4 #ebe4 ,! second passage is "o spok5 by ,jupit] himself4 ,z ! commone/ epi!ts us$ by ,hom] = 1 mortals1 are & 1 s ! highe/ god lays d[n ! law ( _! condition1 describ+ x z t ?an :i* !re is no?+ m wret*$ among all t live & move ^u ! e>?#gff3 #gff ,il4 xvii4 #ddf4 ,comp>e ,od4 xvii4 #abi1 :]e is sub/itut$4 1 4 ,su* z we h se51 & s glori\s1 0 ! wisdom1 & ! val\r1 & ! beauty1 & ! p[]1 t dwelt 9 man2 b only t ?r\gh life he might1 ^u ! :ole1 be p>am\nt 9 woe above all mean] creatures1 & !n t he might die 9 a gloom unreliev$ by hope4 ,none h illu/rat$ ?is pi]c+ tru? by contra/s s %>p z ,hom]1 betwe5 ! *ill & dismal tone ( ! g5]al de/9y ( man on ! "o h&1 & on ! o!r1 ! joy & *e]fulness :i* ! ef=t ( an ela/ic _s c = a "t create4 ,b ! woe :i* he c\ld only exhibit1 x 0 res]v$ = ,"o great] ?an he1 yet only by sorr[ & suff]+1 to remove4 ,! p]sonal belief ( ,hom]4 ,i h =borne 9 ?is ,essay f ent]+ at l>ge into ! (t5 agitat$ "q1 :e!r ,hom] believ$ 9 ! deities ( :om he speaks s l>gely4 ,he may express 8 own *ildlike cre$2 & su* a cre$ by no means requires = its support 9 ! individual m9d1 t x %\ld h be5 visibly repres5t$ by facts )9 its own exp]i5ce4 ,or he may use z ! mat]ial ( poetry t :i*1 )\t approv+ itself to 8 own he>t1 01 nev]!less1 to 8 he>]s 9 g5]al1 a real & sub/antial sy/em ( religion4 ,nay1 he might ev5 be deal+ ) :at _h ceas$ to be believ$ 9 8 day1 b _h /ill a retrospective life1 because x _h be5 ! he>ty1 & 0 /ill ! conv5tional1 wor%ip ( ! p4 ,! tru? may lie 91 or x may lie betwe51 any ( ^! suppositions4 ,! "o ?+ ( :i* ,i feel mo/ assur$ is1 t he 0 n1 z to 8 religion1 a m]e allegori/ :5 speak+ ( 8 ,jupit] & ,m9]va1 any m ?an he 0 a m]e hypocrite1 :5 he ascrib$ occurr5ces 9 human life to ,provid5ce "u ! "n ( #8! deity1' or #8! deities4' ,he repres5ts :at ei!r 0 or _h be51 = 8 p1 a belief 9 ! unse5 "u p>ticul> =ms1 & :at /ill 9 "s way repres5t$ a reality = !m & = himself4 ,x is ?is belief ( :i* ,i h spok5 ?r\gh\t1 & :i*1 "u any ( ! suppositions ,i h made1 seems to me to w>rant all ! /ress ,i h laid ^u x4 ,to attempt a =mal solution ( ! "q1 :e!r he believ$ or n 9 ! dress ( 8 religion1 z well z 9 ! religion itself1 w\ld1 ,i fe>1 be frivol\s4 ,x is a case 9 "s degree p>allel to ! disputes :e!r ,%akspe>e adh]$1 9 ! controv]sies ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 to ! side ( ! ,romi% or ! ,re=m$4 ,nei!r ,%akspe>e nor ,hom] ought to be judg$ z if !y _h be5 !ologians ex pr(esso4 ,bo? foll[$ ! law ( _! sublime art1 & repres5t$ 9 =ms ( beauty & delight1 or ( maje/y & gloom1 z ! case requir$1 su* mat]ials z !y f\nd ready to h&4 ,critical analysis1 nice equipoises1 /rict def9itions1 7 = nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,b 9 ! works ( nei!r d ! cold tones ( scepticism f9d an e*o3 & probably ! m5tal frame ( bo? ) ref]5ce to ! sub/ance ( _! religion may h be5 n v diff]5t f t ( ! poor1 ! maid5s1 & ! *ildr5 ( _! day4 ,,sect4 ,,vii4 ,on ! traces ( an orig9 abroad = ! ,olympian ,religion4 ,let me n[ attempt to divide ! pr9cipal deities ( ,hom] ) ref]5ce to _! orig91 or to ! *annel ( _! introduction into ,greece2 premis+1 h[ev]1 t all su* classification ( !m is admitt$ to be f\nd$ ^u evid5ce1 at be/ presumptive1 & (t5 also slight4 ,! classes w be z foll[s3 #a4 ,( ^? :o 7 wor%ipp$ by ! ,hell5ic & ,pelasgian races1 & probably by all o!rs kn[n 9 ! inn] ,hom]ic _w4 ,^! 71 #a4 ,jupit]4 #b4 ,m9]va4 #c4 ,apollo4 #d4 ,latona4 #e4 ,diana4 #f4 ,neptune4 ,! ?ree fir/ ( ^! may be consid]$ z deities ( immemorial & univ]sal wor%ip4 ,neptune 0 f> m ,hell5ic ?an ,pelasgian3 & inde$ 8 place 9 ! li/ is d\btful4 #b4 ,( immemorial ,hell5ic wor%ip4 #a4 ,juno4 #b4 ,p]sephone4 #c4 ,pluto or ,aidoneus4 #c4 ,( e/abli%$ ,pelasgian wor%ip4 #a4 ,demet] or ,c]es4 #b4 ,v5us1 m rec5t ?an ! =m]4 #d4 ,( wor%ip introduc$ to ! ,greek races )9 ! memory ( man4 a4 ,br\ght 9 f ,phnicia1 or ?r\gh ! *annel ( ! ,phnicians4 #a4 ,h]mes1 or ,m]cury4 #b4 ,heph/us1 or ,vulcan4 #c4 ,dionysus1 or ,bac*us4 b4 ,f ,?race4 ,m>s4 c4 ,paieon has no note ( c\ntry1 except 9 s f> z he may be connect$ ) ,egypt by ! decl>ation t ! ,egyptians 7 ( 8 race4 1 ! ,sun1 appe>s to be plac$ 9 connection1 by ! v>i\s notes he be>s1 bo? ) ,egypt & ) ! ,p]sian "n4 ,all ^! deities 71 ) "s o!rs1 m or less naturaliz$ among ! ,greeks )9 ,hom]'s lifetime4 ,!mis 0 probably a pure ,hell5ic creation1 z ,ve/a seems to h be5 ,pelasgian3 ! latt] exhibit+ ! g5ius ( dome/ic ord]1 ! =m]1 its full] developm5t 9 political society4 ,b ,ve/a is1 ?\gh an ,hom]ic idea1 n an ,hom]ic goddess4 ,n[ :ile ,hom] fails1 or m probably avoids1 to give u any direct in=mation ab\t ! d]ivation ( ! ,greek races or deities1 he not)/&+ e/abli%es by p>tial & incid5tal notices _m traces ( ext]ior aff9ity1 n always ! less secure & tru/wor?y because !y are negative4 ,:ile go+ ?r\gh ! div9ities 9 detail1 ,i h rem>k$ ^u su* traits ( _! "*1 hi/ory1 or wor%ip1 z appe>$ to connect !m ) any p>ticul> orig92 b ! "q rema9s1 c we f9d1 ?r\gh h[ev] rude a resemblance1 any g5]al model abroad = ! ,olympian sy/em1 or1 9 ! abs5ce ( su* a model1 any presumptive evid5ce f ,hom]1 :i* may s]ve to connect x ) any national or local root or roots 9 p>ticul>8 ,! ,olympian ,gods & ! ,e?iopians4 ,x is well wor?y ( rem>k1 t he has associat$ ! body ( ! ,greek deities1 z a body1 ) "o1 & "o only1 po9t1 ext]ior to ! ,greek nation4 ,t po9t is ! c\ntry ( ! ,e?iopians4 ,hom] has %[n a peculi> int]e/ 9 ^! ,e?iopians4 ,!y are 3 an epi!t :i* he appe>s to connect especially ) purity ( blood4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,iliad1 ! :ole body ( ! gods are abs5t f ,olympus = elev5 days1 to enjoy ! sacrifices (f]$ by t p4 ,9 ! ,tw5ty-second ,iliad1 ! /atem5t is less express z to "t2 b aga9 !y are app>5tly enjoy+ !mselves 9 ! same qu>t]1 dur+ ! fun]al rites ( ,patroclus1 & ,iris is 9 ha/e to g ?i!r1 t %e may n lose h] %>e4 ,9 ! ,fir/ ,odyssey1 ,neptune is among ! same p = ! same purpose1 :ile ! o!r deities are 9 ,olympus4 ,9 ! ,fif? ,odyssey1 he is com+ f among !m1 :5 he espies ,ulysses on 8 raft4 ,! "t int]v5+ is s consid]able1 t we mu/ presume ! two la/-m5tion$ passages to ref] to two sep>ate visits4 ,! foll[+ po9ts may be consid]$ z e/abli%$3 #a4 ,! ,e?iopians1 visit$ z above1 mu/ be suppos$ by ,hom] 9 ! ma9 to wor%ip ! same body ( deities z ! ,greeks4 #b4 ,! ,e?iopians ext5d f ! ris+ to ! sett+ sun2 b ^? ,e?iopians ( :om ,hom] speaks p>ticul>ly1 are 9 connection ) sacrifices 9 ! ,ea/2 = ! ,solyman m\nta9s#gfg1 z conceiv$ by him1 probably bord] ^u ,lycia1 & !y are on ,neptune's r\te#gfh1 f ! ,e?iopian c\ntry back to ! sea1 :i*1 z ,i hope to %[ else:]e1 runs along ! d\ble l9e ( ! ,m$it]ranean & ! ,eux9e4 #gfg ,il4 vi4 #ahd4 #gfh ,od4 v4 #bhb4 #c4 ,!y are fur!r fix$ 9 a s\!rn c\ntry by _! "n1 :i* indicates d>kness or sw>?9ess ( c\nt5ance1 & by ! visit ( ,m5elaus to !m 9 ! c\rse ( 8 adv5tures1 :i* lay exclusively to ! s\?w>d4 #d4 ,!y are evid5tly di/+ui%$ by great lib]ality or high fav\r 9 ! sacrificial s]vice ( ! gods4 #e4 ,!y are def9$ to be by ! ,ocean1 & ?us 9 ! f>!/ situation to ! ,s\?-ea/ t 0 conceiv$ ( by ,hom] & ! ,greeks4 #f4 ,at ! same "t1 al?\gh !y are ! f>!/ m5 9 t direction#gfi1 !y are n[h]e describ$ z ly+ at a v great absolute di/ance4 ,!y are simply ' 4 #gfi ,od4 i4 #bc4 ,n[ x is n only possible1 b on e gr\nd likely1 t 9 8 conception ( ! ,s\?-ea/]n ,e?iopians1 ,hom] mix$ up toge!r v>i\s traditions1 belong+ to diff]5t places & nations4 ,ev5 z1 9 8 conception ( ! ,m\? ( ,ocean1 :i* is ) him always "o s+le m\?1 he seems to h bl5d$ & amalgamat$ geographical reports f\nd$ ^u m ?an "o orig9al1 or prototype1 9 nature4 ,! ,solyman "n has sugge/$ to "s critics a connection ) ! ,salem ( ! ,hebrews4 ,b ! "n is mu* m likely to be d]iv$ f ! ,soliman ,koh1 a ridge ( m\nta9s runn+ to ! s\?-we/ f ,caubul1 & sometimes def9$ z ext5d+ into ,p]sia4 ,! lib]ality 9 sacrifice ill accords ) ! e>ly ,p]sian religion1 b f9ds a probable orig9al 9 t ( ! ,m$es ) _! ord] ( ,magians4 ,b ^u ! :ole1 x w\ld seem t ,hom] mu/ h _h a reason = ! peculi> prom95ce he has giv5 to ^! ,s\?-ea/]n ,e?iopians1 9 connection ) ! gods ( ,olympus2 = ! association1 unless sugge/$ by a reason1 is nei!r natural1 nor 9 ! mann] ( ! ,poet4 ,c\ld x h be5 any o!r ?an ?is1 t he reg>d$ _! c\ntry1 h[ev] indet]m9ate its place 9 8 imag9ation1 z ! orig9al seat ( ! religion ( 8 own1 & t he !re=e ref]r$ x ?i!r bodily )\t notice ( details8 ,n[ ?is w\ld mean z ! orig9al seat1 also1 ( ! ance/ors ( ! ,hell5ic tribes4 ,we are n1 9 ! ev5t ( accept+ su* a supposition1 to imag9e t he int5d$ to make ! ass]tion t ! ,olympian sy/em _h be5 d]iv$ f ,p]sia & ,m$ia z x /ood1 b only to imply t !re1 accord+ to national tradition1 lay its root4 ,! ,trojans1 x w be rememb]$1 h _! n ,olympian b ,idan ,jove3 & ! ,e?iopians are ! only =eign race1 ) :om he associates ,olympus & its b& ( ,immortals4 ,i h already /at$ else:]e gr\nds = suppos+ t ! ,a*ans1 z !y 7 imm$iately an ,hell5ic1 7 also prim>ily1 z well z ! o!r ,hell5es1 a ,p]sian race4 ,we h se5 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,p]sian "n 9 ,greece1 & its connection1 accord+ to ,hom]1 ) :at ,hom] ?\ght ! remote/ ,ea/1 by ! %ore ( ,ocean4 ,we h also se5 its connection ) ! ,sun1 ! prime deity ( ! ,p]sians4 ,?is visible head ( creation1 /&+ next to ! ,supreme ,be+1 we f9d t ! ,greeks spe$ily id5tify ) _! ,apollo1 :o is s prom95t z ! son ( ,jupit]1 9 dignity1 9 ob$i5ce1 & 9 8 fa!r's fav\r1 z to /& 9 a class entirely di/9ct f t ( 8 o!r sons4 ,on ! "o h&1 we seem to f9d "h matt] confirmatory ( ! ,p]sian orig9 ( ! ,hell5ic tribes2 & on ! o!r1 a g5]al indication ( ! d]ivation ( ! e>lie/ ,greek religion f a c]ta9 "p ( ! ,ea/4 ,b /ill we mu/ bew>e ( any ov]-broad inf]5ce4 ,! religion1 x is likely1 grew l>gely z x travell$1 & 0 develop$ freely aft] x _h rea*$ its home 9 ! ,greek p59sula4 ,& x w\ld be contr>y to all reason to suppose t ,hom] 0 9 a condition to ref] back to ea* ( ! ,ea/]n races _! prop] contribution t[>ds ! aggregate1 ?\gh we may ju/ly suppose him able to draw "s k9d ( l9e betwe5 ! sy/em z x 0 fl\ri%+ 9 ,greece1 ) all its additions1 elaborations & ref9em5ts1 & ! crude undige/$ mat]ials z !y _h be5 import$ f abroad2 p]haps we might say1 betwe5 ! sy/em z he f\nd x1 & ! same sy/em z he left x4 ,consid]+1 h[ev]1 t ,hom] _h a quasi-geographical k ( ,egypt1 ,i d n suppose t t c\ntry ent]s at all into 8 conception ( ! ,e?iopians4 ,if s1 !n ! repres5tation ( an unity ( religion ) ! ,e?iopians1 af=ds a presumption1 con=mable und\bt$ly to su* o!r presumptions z we h be5 able to ga!r f ! poems1 t ,hom] did n reg>d ,egypt z ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! religi\s sy/em ( ,greece4 ,h]odotus on ! ,scy?ian religion4 ,i d n pret5d to f9d1 9 any anci5t sy/em h&$ d[n to u1 ev5 a skeleton ( ! ,olympian s*eme2 & ,i conclude x to be mo/ probable1 t ! ,greeks _h to =m1 or to re=m1 v>i\s memb]s ( x1 z well z m]ely to clo! & embelli% !m4 ,yet x appe>s well wor? :ile to ref] to ! acc\nt ( ! ,scy?ian religion giv5 by ,h]odotus1 ^: works =m ! great depository ( k ( ?is k9d beyond ! bord]s ( ,greece4 ,! ord9>y ,scy?ians1 x w be rememb]$1 seem to be ( ! same race ) ! ,m$es1 & to =m ! /ock f :i* ! ,pelasgians sep>at$ to turn t[>ds ! s\? ( ,europe = settlem5ts4 ,!y liv$ 9 t pa/oral /ate1 ant]ior to tillage1 :i* ,momms5 obs]ves1 ?r\gh ! =ms ( ! ,lat9 language1 to h m>k$ ! po9t be=e ! sev]ance#ggj4 ,f ! sign ( fe$+ on milk1 ! ,glactophagi & ,hippemolgi ( ,il4 xiii4 #e1 #f1 w\ld appe> to belong to !m1 & ! peaceful habits ( ! ,pelasgians are also repres5t$ 9 ! "* t ,hom] gives1 9 ! same passage1 to _! neighb\rs ! ,abians4 #ggj ,momms51 ,rmis*e ,ges*i*te1 vol4 ,i4 *4 ii4 ,! gods ( ! ,scy?ians1 accord+ to ,h]odotus#gga1 73 #gga ,h]od4 iv4 #ei4 #a4 ,ve/a4 #b4 ,jupit]4 #c4 ,e>?1 ! suppos$ wife ( ,jupit]4 #d4 ,apollo4 #e4 ,cele/ial ,v5us4 #f4 ,h]cules4 #g4 ,m>s4 ,ev5 9 ?is v late picture1 we f9d a /rong resemblance to :at1 f ! ,hom]ic text1 w\ld appe> to h be5 ! primitive clu/] ( ! ,pelasgian div9ities4 ,e>? is repres5t$ 9 ,demet]1 7 17 :o appe>s 9 ,il4 xiv4 #cbf z "o ( ! wives ( ,jupit]4 ,! ,cele/ial ,v5us may include traditions ( ,m9]va1 & ( ,artemis1--= ! ,scy?ians call$ h] ,artimpasa1--along ) ^? :i* came to be repres5t$ 9 ! ,greek 4 ,all ! deities1 :i* f ,hom]'s text h appe>$ to be especially ,hell5ic1 are also1 x w be obs]v$1 abs5t f ?is li/3 ,juno1 ,neptune1 ,aidoneus1 ,p]sephone1 ,vulcan1 & ,m]cury4 ,b !re 7 among ^! ,scy?ians a tribe1 call$ ! 4 ,x w\ld seem pla9 f ! "n1 t ^! mu/ h held among ! ,scy?ians a position1 9 great measure analog\s to t ( ! ,hell5ic tribes among ! mass ( ! ,pelasgian population4 ,& c]ta9ly x is n a little curi\s1 t ^! k+ly ,scy?ians add$ to ! li/ ( prop]ly ,pelasgian deities ! wor%ip ( ,?amimasidas1 a god ( ! sea1 app>5tly equival5t to ! ,hell5ic ,poseidon4 ,aga91 let u take ! acc\nt giv5 by ,h]odotus ( ! in=mation he obta9$ 9 ,egypt ab\t ! ,greek my?ology4 ,he /ates to u t1 ) c]ta9 exceptions1 ! names ( ! ,greek deities _h be5 kn[n 9 ,egypt f "t immemorial4 ,8 exceptions are1 ,neptune & ,juno1 ! ,dioscuri1 ,ve/a1 ,!mis1 ! ,graces & ! ,n]eids4 ,! /atem5t may at lea/ be accept$ z good to ?is ext5t1 t ! deities "h nam$ 7 n drawn f ,egypt4 ,!y include1 z w be se51 only "o p]sonification ( an idea :i* we h f\nd cause to consid] ,pelasgian1 namely1 or home2 ) ?is ,neptune & ,juno1 :o 7 ,hellic deities2 ! ,diosc\roi1 repres5t+ 9 an e>ly /age ! deification ( national h]oes2 ! ,graces1 or ! imp]sonations ( ideas2 & ! ,n]eids1 or ! p]sonification ( natural objects4 ,all ( ^! p]sons & processes we h already ref]r$ to ! influ5ce ( ! ,hellic tribes4 ,^u ! :ole1 we appe> to h 9 ^! acc\nts a mu* cle>] repres5tation ( ! contribution made by ! ,pelasgian "p ( ! nation to ! ,olympian sy/em ?an we c f9d ga!r$ else:]e4 ,! ,egyptian resemblances are *iefly isolat$1 ?\gh x may h be5 f t qu>t] t ,pelasgian ,attica le>n$ ! "n & wor%ip ( ! deity1 :i* 0 aft]w>ds develop$ into ! ,hom]ic ,pallas-,a!ne3 b among ^! ,scy?ians we appe> to f9d a gr\p1 :o exhibit to u 9 comb9ation ne>ly all t we h reason to believe specially ,pelasgian1 &1 ) ! obscure exception ( ,h]cules1 no?+ besides4 ,:ile ?is gr\p1 z be+ ,scy?ian1 w\ld h ! ,arian c\ntry = its po9t ( orig91 x may /ill be probable t o!r p>ts ( ! ,olympian religion1 besides ! wor%ip ( ,neptune1 su* z ! ,juno & ! ,p]sephone 9 p>ticul>1 _h come f ! #8,k+ly' ,arians ( ! hills4 ,?us f> z to ! relation betwe5 ! ,hom]ic !o-my?ology & any religi\s sy/em or comb9ation to be f\nd else:]e4 ,let u n[ consid] h[ x /&s ) ref]5ce to ea* ( ! pr9cipal elem5ts1 out ( :i* ! religions ( ! _w 7 habitually =m$4 ,f\r sev]al bases ( religi\s sy/ems4 ,!re appe> to be f\r lead+ =ms 9 :i*1 ei!r s+le or comb9$1 religion has attract$1 & m or less comm&$1 ! m9d ( man4 ,x is sc>cely ne$ful to add t "o alone ( ^! is g5u9e1 & t ! ?ree o!rs are ess5tially deprav$1 & f9ally self-de/ructive4 ,! fir/ is ! wor%ip ( ! ,div9e ,be+3 ( :i* ! ,holy ,scriptures =m1 d[n to ! p]iod ) :i* !y close1 ! pr9cipal record4 ,! second is ! wor%ip ( man2 f\nd$1 ( c\rse1 ^u 8 deification4 ,( ?is ! ,greek my?ology af=ds ! mo/ conspicu\s & weighty in/ance4 ,! ?ird is ! wor%ip ( ext]nal & inanimate nature1 :i* ,i m5tion next1 n because ( its place 9 ! ord] ( ideas1 b because ( its great ext5sion & influ5ce ov] races ( va/ num]ical /r5g?1 antiquity1 & importance4 ,! f\r? is ! wor%ip ( ! inf]ior creation1 or ( animate nature 9 its l[] ranks4 ,we h consid]$1 9 a =m] section1 h[ f> ! ,greek my?ology 0 indebt$ to ! fir/ ( ^! s\rces1 ! true & pure "o4 ,! second1 or an?ropophuism1 appe>s to h =m$ its mo/ prop] & di/9ctive *>act]i/ic4 ,fur!r1 x 0 ! intellectual r ?an ! c>nal nature ( man1 :i* orig9ally det]m9$ a law = ! con/ruction ( ! ,olympian sy/em4 ,! great traditive deities 7 remodell$ accord+ to :at ,scripture calls ! #8lu/ ( ! m9d1' long be=e ! #8lu/ ( ! fle%' _h t\*$ !m4 ,we see1 too1 t1 ( ! deities ( inv5tion1 ^? :i* 7 purely ,hell5ic1 su* z ,juno & ,!mis 9 p>ticul>1 repres5t ei!r noble & comm&+1 or else pure1 ideas1 connect$ ) ! developm5t ( human life & society2 :ile x is g5]ally 9 deities t h n und]gone a full ,hell5ic remodell+1 t we see animal passion prevail2 su* z ,m>s1 ,v5us1 ,c]es1 & ,aurora4 ,nature-wor%ip4 ,! ?ird basis ( religion is admirably describ$1 toge!r ) its apology1 & its condemnation1 9 ! ,book entitl$ ! ,wisdom ( ,solomon#ggb3 #ggb ,wisdom xiii4 #a-i4 #8,nei!r by consid]+ ! works did !y ackn[l$ge ! workma/]2 b deem$ ei!r fire1 or w9d1 or ! swift air1 or ! circle ( ! />s1 or ! viol5t wat]1 or ! lights ( heav51 to be ! gods :i* gov]n ! _w4 ,) ^: beauty if !y be+ delight$ took !m to be gods2 let !m "k h[ mu* bett] ! ,"l ( !m is3 = ! fir/ au?or ( beauty ha? creat$ !m4 ,b if !y 7 a/oni%$ at _! p[] & virtue1 let !m und]/& by !m1 h[ mu* mighti] he is t made !m4 ,=1 by ! greatness & beauty ( ! creatures1 proportionably ! mak] ( !m is se54 ,b yet = ?is !y are ! less to be blam$2 = !y p]adv5ture err1 seek+ ,god1 & desir\s to f9d him4 ,=1 be+ conv]sant 9 8 works1 !y se>* him dilig5tly1 & believe _! sight3 because ! ?+s are beautiful t are se54 ,h[beit1 nei!r are !y to be p>don$4 ,= if !y 7 able to "k s mu*1 t !y c\ld aim at ! _w2 h[ did !y n soon] f9d out ! ,"l !re(8' ,& !n ! ,wise ,man proce$s to %[1 t f> inf]ior1 aga91 to ?is1 is ! wor%ip ( m]e images z gods4 ,! wor%ip ( ! elem5tal p[]s ent]s1 ,i ?9k1 only z a v second>y +r$i5t into ! ,hom]ic or ,olympian sy/em3 x is ev]y:]e surm\nt$ & circumscrib$ by developm5ts drawn f tradition or f ! pr9ciple ( an?ropophuism4 ,x is true t mo/ ( ! great physical ag5ts are ei!r p]sonifi$ by him1 or else are 9 imm$iate connection ) "s "o ( 8 deities3 b !re is e appe>ance t ! ,greeks sometimes expell$1 sometimes r$uc$ & depress$ ! pr9ciple ( ,nature-wor%ip1 9 _! adaptation ( =eign mat]ials to ,hell5ic uses4 #a4 ,jupit] & ,neptune1 z we h se51 preside ov] elem5ts1 b !y are n elem5tal4 ,_! relations to air & sea are entirely diff]5t f ^? ( ,vulcan to fire1 & yet ev5 he v greatly transc5ds ! dim5sions ( a m]ely elem5tal god4 ,_! bro!rhood ) ,aidoneus1 :o is n elem5tal at all1 indicates1 toge!r ) all o!r signs1 t ! air & sea are _! respective t]ritories1 & are n ! basis ( _! div9ity4 #b4 ,x seems q impossible b t1 if ,nature-wor%ip _h be5 ! basis ( ! sy/em1 ! ,sun1 z ! visible k+ ( nature1 mu/ h _h a prom95t & comm&+ position 9 ! sy/em2 :]eas 8 place 9 ,hom] is ev5 less ?an second>y4 ,look+ at ! realm ( nature1 to se>* out a v>i$ organism1 :i* w\ld supply a p[]ful app>atus ( in/rum5ts op]ative ^u man to a presid+ intellig5ce1 ! ,greek naturally made ! k+ ( ,air4 ,b _h he m]ely want$ a symbol by :i* nature itself 0 to speak1 h[ c\ld he h =borne to *oose ! ,sun8 #c4 ,!re is1 inde$1 an ext5d$ use 9 ,hom] ( ! imag]y ( ,nature-,p[]s4 ,b h[ev] prom95t z poetry1 ?is is altoge!r subord9ate z religion4 ,8 ,nymphs & ,riv]-gods p ! unse51 adorn 8 v]se1 & ev5 supply a k9d ( drap]y to ! s*eme ( religi\s obs]vances2 b x is n by !m t ! _w is gov]n$4 ,& ) !m may v well be class$1 z f> z ! pres5t argum5t is conc]n$1 ! cr[d ( ,hom]'s metaphysical imp]sonations4 #d4 ,t ,neptune 9 p>ticul> is n prop]ly an elem5tal p[]1 seems to be made cle> by ?ree ?+s at ! lea/3 a4 ,he c act by l& z well z sea2 witness 8 build+ ! wall ( ,troy1 & appe>+ z a w>rior on ! battle-field4 b4 ,! 1 ) :i* he is connect$1 is decid$ly inf]ior1 9 its m]ely elem5tal "*1 to ,oceanus2 yet ,oceanus has no %>e 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 & no moral p]sonality1 :ile ,neptune has equal dignity ) ,jupit]1 & is n f> beh9d him 9 /r5g?4 c4 ,! true elem5tal gods ( ! 1 x is pla91 accord+ to ,hom]1 are ,n]eus & ,amphitrite2 ( :om ! fir/ is locally conf9$ to ! dep?s ( ! sea1 & ! o!r is sc>cely a p]son1 & _c ideally be dis5gag$ f ! curly-head$ bill[s4 #e4 ,9 ! ,olympian ,c\rt1 :i* is ! real c5tre1 accord+ to ,hom]1 ( ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w1 !re is sc>cely to be f\nd a pure example ( a ,nature-p[]2 !re is no "o lead+ deity1 9 :om t idea is n :olly subord9ate2 & 9 _m ( ! lead+ deities1 su* z ,m9]va1 ,apollo1 & ev5 ,juno1 x is h>dly to be p]ceiv$ at all4 #f4 ,z to ,juno 9 p>ticul>4 ,:5 we comp>e ! ,greek ) ! ,ea/]n religions1 x appe>s t1 if ! =m] _h be5 conceiv$ 9 ! same _s z ! latt]1 ,juno ought to h be5 ! e>?1 cont9ually impregnat$ by ! heav51 & yield+ ^? fruits :i* w\ld !n /& z ! prop] results ( h] mat]nity4 ,b in/ead ( ?is1 9 ! great lott]y ( ! univ]se1 e>? is actually left out1 & rema9s undispos$ (4 ,x nev] appe>s 9 ,hom]1 except 9 a =mula ( adjuration1 9 :i* we may naturally en\gh look to f9d antique ideas2 & ?is seems l a /ray ve/ige ( ano!r sy/em1 really f\nd$ on ,nature-wor%ip4 ,b !re rema9s1 s f> z ! ,greeks are conc]n$1 isolat$ & undevelop$4 ,meantime1 = ! vegetative life ( ,e>?1 w$d$ to ! ,heav5s1 & be>+ h]bs & fruits1 ! ,greek m9d sub/itutes ! intellig5t life ( a ,que5-div9ity1 :o ) h] husb& becomes ! nucleus ( ! ,olympian ord]1 & m>ks ! transition f elem5tal religion to an?ropophuism4 ,second>y 9 ! ,olympian religion4 ,!re is !n a greatly qualifi$ s5se1 9 :i* ass5t may be giv5 to ! proposition1 t ! ,olympian dyna/y ( ,hom] sits en?ron$ ^u ! ru9s ( a m anci5t ,nature-wor%ip1 & ! s5se is ?is3 t1 be=e ,hell5ism _h an hi/orical exi/5ce1 !re 7 sy/ems f\nd$ on ,nature-wor%ip 9 ! ea/2 t ^! sy/ems 7 tribut>y to ! religion ( ,olympus1 & t its fram]s made su* use ( !m z !y f\nd conv5i5t4 ,b f ,hom] we are n au?oriz$ to believe t su* a sy/em ( ,nature-wor%ip ev] prec$$ 9 ,greece ! ,olympian sy/em4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! & 1 ! ,oceanus & ,te?ys ( ,hom]1 appe> to be y\ng] & n old] ?an 8 *ief ,olympian gods2 t is1 !y appe> to be metaphysical creations1 call$ into be+ to supply an ideal basis1 a matrix or m\ld1 wall$ 9 ) "t & space1 = ,jupit] & 8 wife & bro!rs to be ca/ 94 ,x is n be=e1 b aft] ! "t ( ,hom]1 namely1 9 ,hesiod1 t we see su* developm5t giv5 to ?is pseudo-ar*aic sy/em z c alone all[ x to be tak5 = ! image ( some?+ t _h really exi/$ z a religion4 ,= example1 x w\ld be q out ( keep+ ) ! tone ( ,hom] 7 we to f9d 9 him ! s5tim5t :i* is conta9$ 9 a fragm5t ( ,euripides#ggc2 #ggc ,eurip4 ,fr4 i4 ' 2 4 ,brute-wor%ip4 ,we h /ill to consid] ! relation ( ! ,olympian s*eme to ! la/ ( ! f\r 4 ,! pr9ciple ( brute-wor%ip 0 s m>k$ a *>act]i/ic ( ! ,egyptian idolatry1 t x seems to lie at ! v f\ndation ( ! sy/em4 ,p]haps we %\ld be ju/ifi$ 9 associat+ ) ?is pr9ciple ! inability ( ! ,egyptians to atta9 to any high conceptions ( beauty4 ,!y sc>cely c\ld so> 9 ?is respect above ! /&>d ( t :i* !y reg>d$ z a tab]nacle meet = div9ity to dwell 94 ,! same pr9ciple appe>s to h f\nd its way into ,p]sia probably at a late date1 & f ! ,m$ian1 n ! ,eteo-p]sian1 s\rce ( ! religi\s traditions ( ! c\ntry4 ,malcolm#ggd has giv5 u ! copies1 f rema9s f\nd 9 ! c\ntry1 ( ! ,p]sian repres5tations1 probably h[ev] late ones1 ( _! div9ities1 exhibit+ /range mixtures ( human =m ) t ( ! brute4 #ggd ,malcolm's ,hi/4 ( ,p]sia1 vol4 i4 ,x w\ld !re=e be wond]ful if we fail$ to f9d 9 ! ,greek my?ology "s traces1 h[ev] fa9t1 ( an elem5t t n only exi/$ 9 ,asia1 b display$ s mu* vig\r !re1 z to h ent]$ deeply into ! religion t ev5 n[ sways a consid]able portion ( its population1 if n1 inde$1 to =m ! "o really capital & op]ative article ( t religion4 ,dll+]#gge has not$ ! po9ts connect$ ) ! /ate & be+ ( animals1 :i* might sugge/ ideas capable ( be+ develop$ into ?is repulsive sy/em4 ,su* are ! unity & tranquillity ( animal life--x be+ borne 9 m9d t dome/icat$ animals 7 ^? :i* suppli$ ! *ief type ( deity4 ,su*1 aga91 is ! in/9ct ( ! future1 be>+ a ne>] outw>d resemblance to =ekn[l$ge ?an w\ld any anticipations f\nd$ on =e?\ght1 reason+1 & exp]i5ce4 ,above all1 !re seems to be =ce 9 ! rem>k t man1 by 8 m>k$ individuality1 & by ! fre$om ( ! w1 is1 z x 71 disabl$ f becom+ ! m]e organ ( ano!r exi/5ce4 ,! gods 9 assum+ human =m1 assum$ 9 a great degree human nature also4 ,b ! passive & neutral nature ( animals (f]$ itself z a m$ium )\t ta/e or col\r1 su* z ne$$ n 9 any mann] to alt] or modify ! p[]s ( :i* x 0 to be ! vehicle4 #gge ,dll+]1 ,heid4 u4 ,jud4 b4 vi4 #acj4 p4 #dbd4 ,_h ! idea be5 9 its orig9 t ( an inh]5t sacr$ness ( animals z su*1 x is n probable t we %\ld h se5 su* extraord9>y anomalies 9 its developm5t z ^? :i* p]mitt$ ! same animal to be ador$ 9 "o prov9ce ( ,egypt1 & immolat$ 9 ! next#ggf4 #ggf ,dll+]1 ibid4 #acb4 ,its ve/iges 9 ! ,olympian religion4 ,! grossness ( brute-wor%ip 0 completely ref9$ away by ! ,greeks dur+ ! process ( transf] to _! own my?ology4 ,! ve/iges ( ! sy/em1 & !y are no m ?an ve/iges1 /ill traceable 9 ! ,hom]ic poems1 are app>5tly z foll[s3 #a4 ,i f9d ! *ief note ( x 9 ! extraord9>y sacr$ness ( ! ox5 ( ! ,sun3 a sacr$ness inconsi/5t & inexplicable1 if x be tri$ only by ! circumjac5t incid5ts ( ! ,odyssey1 & by ! laws ( ! ,greek my?ology4 ,! (f5ce ( ! crew ( ,ulysses consi/$ simply 9 ?is2 t#ggg1 aft] exhau/+ e ef=t to ma9ta9 !mselves1 :5 !y h at l5g? no alt]native be=e !m except t ( />v+1 !y consum$ "s ( ! be/ among ^! ox5 = food4 ,!y obs]v$1 z f> z !y c\ld1 all ! prop] religi\s rites1 b !y us$ leaves in/ead ( b>ley1 & wat] = w9e1 inasmu* z nei!r ( ! usual requisites 7 =?com+4 ,!y promis$ a temple also to ! ,sun1 to be built on _! return1 & to be enri*$ ) abundant votive (f]+s4 ,la/ly1 ,i ?9k1 any "o :o reads ! manly & j spee* ( ,eurylo*us1 9 :i* he proposes ! sacrilege1 w judge t ! sympa?ies ( ! ,poet are ) him4 ,9 ?is spee*1 he /ates ! necessity2 he next proce$s to v[ ! erection ( a temple1 & d$ication ( its ornam5ts 9 ! ev5t ( safe return4 ,!n he concludes by decl>+1 t if v5geance is1 not)/&+1 to be tak5 on !m1 he = 8 "p w\ld f> r die once = all l a man ?an fami% 9 ! solit>y isl&4 ,!re is n 9 ! tone ( ! spee* ! slighte/ indication ( impiety#ggh4 #ggg ,od4 xii4 #ceb-fe4 #ggh ,od4 xii4 #cci-ea4 ,! t]rible puni%m5t inflict$ 0 prefigur$ by extraord9>y port5ts4 ,! empty hides ( ! animals crawl$ ab\t#ggi1 & ! fle% l[$ on ! v spits4 ,"h we see at its climax ! f9e ,greek imag9ation1 work+ ^u ! f\ndation suppli$ by ! ,egyptian sup]/ition1 & extract+ f ! co>se/ e>?y matt] ! means ( true poetical sublimity4 #ggi #cid-f4 ,x is impossible to conceive a case1 9 :i* ! (f5ce committ$ is m exclusively ( ! k9d t]m$ positive1 or m entirely sev]$ f moral guilt1 until we include ! elem5t to :i* ! poems d n expressly ref]1 ( ! elevat$ sanctity atta*+ to ! animal itself4 ,! ,hom]ic fiction is#ghj1 t !y 7 ! play?+s ( ! ,sun 9 8 leisure h\rs4 ,b to =bid ! use ( any ( ^! animals = food1 ev5 "u ! dire/ necessity1 w\ld h be5 simply to c>icature ! nature ( positive comm&s1 9 ! v same _s z t :i* w\ld h _h1 n ! sabba? made = man1 b man made = ! sabba?4 ,/ill1 :5 once we let 9 ! assumption t ^! animals _h ess5tially sacr$ lives1 :i* might n be tak5 away1 !n ! (f5ce becomes a moral "o ( frightful pr(anation1 & ! v5geance s rigor\sly exact$ is intelligible4 #ghj #cgi-ha4 ,i d n mean t ,hom] recognises t dogma :i* ! ,egyptians !n affirm$1 & :i* at ?is pres5t epo*1 aft] ! lapse ( ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 has wr\ght myriads ( ,h9doos to madness4 ,! religion ( ,greece includ$ no su* idea1 & ! religi\s practice ( ! ,greeks :olly preclud$ x4 ,b 9 ?is in/ance we see a "p ( ! ,egyptian religion 9 transitu1 9 ! v process ( transmutation t x 0 to und]go :5 pass+ into ! ,greek my?ology1 :i* utt]ly repudiat$ its sub/ance1 b /rove to reta9 an image ( x "u poetic =ms1 betray+ by _! inconsi/5cy _! exotic orig94 ,! consummation ( ! :ole tale lies 9 ?is3 t ! v5geance is n ! m]e p]sonal act ( ! ,sun1 b is inflict$ by ,jupit] himself on behalf ( ! :ole ,olympian ,c\rt1 to :i* ! appeal _h be5 already made#gha4 #gha ,od4 xii4 #cgg1 #dje1 #dae4 #b4 ,ano!r in/ance1 confirmatory ( ! /atem5t ( ,dll+] z to ! rationale ( brute-wor%ip1 is to be f\nd 9 ! curi\s passage ( ! ,iliad :]e ,xan?us1 ! horse ( ,a*illes1 is end[$ ) spee*4 ,! gift is f ,juno1 b ! limit ( ! gift is c>efully def9$#ghb3 #ghb ,il4 xix4 #djg4 ' 4 ,x 0 utt]ance t ,juno gave1 n intellig5ce4 ,! matt] to be spok5 0 n a gift4 ,! horse proce$s1 evid5tly by a native insight into ! future1 to intimate to ,a*illes 8 com+ fate2 at fir/ m d>kly 7v4 #dji72 b :5 he comes ne>] ! po9t & glances at a man z ! orda9$ in/rum5t ( doom 7#daf71 !n1 ,i suppose le/ ! animal %\ld proce$ to p>ticul>ize1 &1 ?\gh prophetic yet unwise1 %\ld break ! curr5t ( ! h]o's ?\ght & action at ! critical mom5t by nam+ ,p>is--! are made to int]f]e2 !y re/ore ! ord] ( nature1 & /ay ! ex]cise ( ,juno's irregul> & abnormal gift4 #c4 ,! immortality ( ^! horses is probably conceiv$ 9 ! same _s4 ,we may ! m easily und]/& x to be a poetical r5d]+ ( ! ,egyptian belief 9 ! div9ity ( _m animals1 :5 we recollect t exemption f dea? is1 ) ,hom]1 ! "o & p]haps only ess5tial *>act]i/ic ( deity1 s t 8 gods are ord9>ily def9$ by x z 4 #d4 ,we h ano!r indication ( relation to ! same ideas1 9 ! assumption by deities ( ! =ms ( v>i\s birds3 namely1 by ,m9]va1 z ,od4 i4 #cbj2 iii4 #cgb2 ,il4 vii4 #ei2 ,od4 xxii4 #bdj2 by ,apollo1 ,il4 vii4 #ei2 by ,sleep1 ,il4 xiv4 #bij2 & by ,ino ,leuco!e1 ,od4 v4 #cec4 ,9 ?is in/ance we aga9 see ! ref9+ p[] ( ! ,greek imag9ation4 ,x is only ! =ms ( birds :i* are assum$ by ,hom]ic deities3 creatures m e!real1 ?\gh n m intellectual1 ?an ! o!r brute races2 & ^: figure1 :5 assum$1 at once be/[s 9 visible =m an attribute ( high sup]iority to man1 namely1 ! increas$ facility & spe$ ( locomotion4 #e4 ,"o or two o!r traces may be sugge/$1 b !y are slight] & m dubi\s4 ,x is possible t ,hom] drew f ?is s\rce ! ,olympian horses ( ,juno 7,il4 v4 #gbj1 #gfh-gb7 & ! sea-horses ( ,neptune 7,il4 xiii4 #bc74 ,a simil> notion may be involv$1 :5 ! ,poet makes ,apollo /oop to fe$ ! horses ( ,admetus 9 ,pi]ia1 & ! ox5 ( ,laom$on on ,ida 7,il4 ii4 #gff1 & xxi4 #ddh74 ,! s]p5t 77 appe>s 9 ,hom]ic port5ts z a symbol1 b )\t peculi> mean+4 ,! horse 0 n "o ( ! sacr$ animals ( ,egypt2 & :5 ,hom] plac$ x 9 su* ne> relations ) deity1 z he has done 9 ^! places & else:]e1 he may n only h indulg$ a p]sonal pr$ilection1 b he also may h be5 conv]t+ ! crudity ( ,egyptian mat]ial to ! =m & uses ( ! ,greek religion1 9 ! normal ex]cise ( 8 vocation4 ,"o conclud+ ^w may be said 9 ext5uation ( ! indignity :i*1 accord+ to our ideas1 atta*es to ! wor%ip ( ! inf]ior animals4 ,9 ! wor%ip ( ! elem5tal p[]s we see error1 b 9 ! wor%ip ( bea/s we see %ame1 & ev5 brutality4 ,p]haps ?is di/9ction may be due z mu* to pride z to pi\s susceptibility4 ,ov] animals1 man has ?or\ghly obta9$ ! ma/]y2 b ,elem5tal p[]s are /ill 9 _m cases ma/]s ov] u1 & we lie l babes 9 ! lap ( _! /r5g? & va/ness4 ,x does n appe> cle> :y we %\ld consid] ! wor%ip ( t :i* is m highly organiz$1 & :i* comes half-way to intellig5ce1 z ess5tially m %ameful ?an ! wor%ip ( inf]ior organizations )\t life or in/9ct ( any k9d4 ,if x be said t1 by its negations1 inanimate ,nature becomes a fitt] %r9e ( deity ?an ! brutes1 ! same argum5t appli$ to ! brutes1 comp>$ ) man1 might equally avail to give claims to brute-wor%ip z comp>$ ) an?ropophuism1 aga9/ :i*1 not)/&+1 nature summ>ily revolts4 ,,sect4 ,,viii4 ,! ,morals ( ! ,hom]ic ,age4 ,we h n[ consid]$ at "s l5g? ! /ate & t5d5cies ( religion1 bo? objective & subjective1 among ! ,greeks ( ! h]oic age3 let u proce$ to attempt a sket* ( _! morality2 :i* re/$ 9 "p ^u ackn[l$g$ relations to ! ,olympian deities1 b :i*1 x is cle>1 _h likewise o!r supports & sanctions4 ,9 g5]al outl9e x may be ?us summ$ up4 ,an high spirit$1 en]getic1 adv5tur\s1 & d>+ p1 !y %[ !mselves prone to acts ( ha/y viol5ce1 & _! spl5did c\rage occasionally ev5 deg5]ates1 "u ! influ5ce ( /rong passion1 into f]ocity1 :ile _! acut5ess & sagacity sometimes1 ?\gh m r>ely1 take a decid$ t+e ( cunn+4 ,yet !y are nei!r selfi%1 cruel1 nor implacable4 ,at ! same "t1 self-comm& is sc>cely less conspicu\s among !m ?an /rong1 & deep1 & quick emotion4 ,!y are 9 ! ma9 a p ( w>m affections & high hon\r1 commonly t5d]1 nev] morbid3 !y respect ! weak & ! helpless2 !y hold au?ority 9 rev]5ce2 dome/ic purity too is *]i%$ & e/eem$ among !m m ?an else:]e1 & !y h n yet fall5 into ! dep?s ( s5sual excess4 ,! ,greek ?anks ! gods 9 8 prosp]ity2 witness ,la]tes4 ,9 8 adv]sity he appeals to !m = aid2 or1 if he is discont5t$1 he compla9s ( !m2 = he h>b\rs no conceal$ dissatisfaction4 ,ready en\gh to take f ^? :o h1 he is at lea/ z ready to give to ^? :o ne$4 ,he repres5ts to ! life ! s5tim5t :i* ano!r great ma/] ( mann]s has giv5 to 8 ,duke ( ,argyle1 9 ! #8,he>t ( ,midlo?ian2' #8,x is our ,highl& privilege to take f all :at we want1 & to give to all :at !y want#ghc4' ,di/9ctions ( class are recognis$1 b !y are mild & g5ial3 !re is no arrogance on ! "o side1 nor any s]vility on ! o!r4 ,rev]5ce is paid to ^? 9 au?ority2 & yet ! ,greek ?9ks 9 ! _s1 & moves 9 ! sph]e1 ( habitual fre$om4 ,ov] & above 8 w>m? & t5acity 9 dome/ic affections1 he prizes highly ^? o!r special relations betwe5 man & man1 :i* mitigate & re/ra9 ! law ( =ce 9 societies z yet imp]fectly organiz$4 ,he ?or\ghly admires ! intellig5ce display$ 9 /ratagem2 :e!r among ! res\rces ( self-def5ce1 or by way ( je/ ^u a fri5d1 or = ! hurt or ru9 ( an enemy2 b life 9 a mask he _c away )1 & holds x a prime article ( 8 cre$1 t ! tongue %\ld habitually repres5t ! man#ghd4 #ghc ,scott's ,novels & ,tales1 #hvo ,ed41 x4 #bch4 #ghd ,il4 ix4 #cab4 ,! moral s5se 9 ! h]oic age4 ,be=e proce$+1 h[ev]1 to exam9e ! morality ( ! ,greek h]oic age1 z to its p>ticul> sanctions1 or 9 any ( its applications to ! regulation ( human conduct1 we are met by a prelim9>y "q3 _h ! ,greeks any idea ( a fix$ & sub/antive rule ( morals at all8 7 !y believ]s 9 goodness z ap>t f /r5g?8 did !y recognise a law ( "r z betwe5 man & man1 or 7 _! notions ( relative duty entirely f\nd$ on a m or less f>-sight$ self-love1 & on a prud5tial calculation ( ! consequ5ces :i* w\ld foll[ to society1 & to ea* individual1 if ! rights ( o!rs 7 to be held 9 univ]sal or 9 g5]al disreg>d8 ,:5 we consid] h[ h>d x is to keep ! moral /&>d high1 ev5 aft] religion has plac$ be=e our view a ,div9e patt]n = man to foll[1 & h[ among ! ,greeks religion1 fir/ corrupt$ itself1 _h already begun to p\r out its own corruption ^u morals1 we %all n v5ture to pit* our expectations v high3 optimism & pessimism are "h alike out ( place3 we want ! cle>1 dispassionate1 & direct disc]nm5t ( ! facts4 ,& :5 we obs]ve h[1 d[n to ?is day1 ! epi!ts :i* ought to designate virtue only1 & 9 p>ticul> ! ^w good1 t5d irresi/ibly to atta* !mselves to o!r gifts1 su* z g5ius1 rank1 weal?1 skill1 & p[]1 we mu/ n ha/ily conclude1 f f9d+ a simil> use 9 ,hom]1 t !re 0 no idea or /&>d ( goodness except t belong+ to preem95ce 9 ! p>ticul> k9d1 accord+ to :i* a clev] ?ief is a good ?ief2 good1 t is1 by do+ effectually :at he pr(esses to d1 or good1 l ! unju/ /ew>d ( ! p>able1 9 respect ( ! intellig5ce he displays1 ?\gh evil 9 respect ( ! direction :i* he gives to x#ghe4 #ghe ,luke xvi4 #a-i4 ,hom]1 9 speak+ ( diff]5t classes ( society1 uses ! l9e#ghf1 #ghf ,od4 xv4 #cbc4 4 ,b aft] all we c translate ?is1 )\t mu* v]bal *ange1 or any dep>ture f our own idiom1 #8su* s]vices z ! l[] ord]s r5d] to good society1' or #8to ! bett] classes4' ,mr4 ,grote#ghg says1 t #8! primitive import' ( ! words 1 1 & relates #8to p[] & n to wor?2' & t ! e?ical mean+ ( !m is a lat] gr[?1 :i* #8h>dly appe>s until ! discussions rais$ by ,socrates1 & prosecut$ by 8 disciples4' ,i ask p]mission to prote/ aga9/ :atev] sav\rs ( ! idea t any ,socrates :atev] 0 ! pat5tee ( t s5tim5t ( "r & wrong1 :i* is ! mo/ preci\s "p ( ! patrimony ( mank9d4 ,! movem5t ( ,greek morality ) ! lapse ( "t 0 *iefly d[nw>d1 & n upw>d4 ,x is admitt$1 t :at we may call ! dynamical s5se ( ! epi!ts has held its gr\nd 9 lat] times along ) _! e?ical signification3 ! important "q to be det]m9$ is1 :e!r ! latt] signification 0 an improvem5t introduc$ by civilization into ! code ( b>b>ism1 or :e!r x indicates a pr9ciple ( human nature on its bett]1 :i* is also its weak] side1 & "o :i* we see1 all along ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 /ruggl+ to ass]t itself aga9/ ! tyrann\s invasion ( o!r prop5sities & p[]s4 #ghg ,grote's ,hi/4 ( ,greece1 vol4 ii4 p4 #hh n4 ,! ^w is f\nd 9 comb9ation ) :at is absolutely vici\s1 9 ! rem>kable case ( ,autolycus3 ' 1 ' #ghh4 #ghh ,od4 xix4 #cie4 ,b ! mean+ ( appe>s to be1 "o :o excels2 ! application ( x to ,autolycus is n at all unlike ! comm5dation ( ! unju/ /ew>d2 & ! epi!t did n 9 ! lat] ,greek acquire any ess5tially diff]5t =ce1 or any exclusive appropriation to moral excell5ce4 ,its use 9 ,hom] may be comp>$ ) 8 application ( to ,clytemne/ra4 ,yet x leans peculi>ly to moral excell5ce4 ,= ! is oppos$ to ! 1 :o is c]ta9ly a moral del9qu5t2 & ! highe/ hon\r ( ! is1 t m5 proclaim him 7,od4 xix4 #cbi-cd74 ,aga91 ) respect to & its opposite 1 ) o!r words simil> to bo?4 ,9 se>*+ = ! signs ( a /&>d 9 its own nature absolute1 we c expect little f a class ( t]ms1 :i* by _! v /ructure be> witness t !y are simply comp>ative4 ,especially ! etymology ( 1 direct+ u to ! ^w z its root1 exhibits =ce z its mo/ comm&+ & ess5tial idea4 ,yet1 :5 ! ari/ocracy ( ,i?aca are call$ 7,od4 xxi4 #cbe7 1 mu/ we n admit t ev5 9 ?is ^w !re inh]es a /rong moral elem5t8 ,use ( ! words & 4 ,b z to ! words & 1 ! case is f> m cle>3 & "h ,i ask1 c x be %[n t ,hom] ev] applies ! ^w to t :i* is morally bad8 or ! ^w to t :i* is morally good8 ,if x c1 cadit qu/io2 if x _c1 !n we h advanc$ a consid]able way 9 prov+ ! e?ical signification4 ,= x is on all h&s admitt$1 t besides _! prop] s5se1 & 1 l our good & bad1 h a d]ivative mean+1 9 :i* !y are employ$ to d5ote :at is agreeable1 or :at is preem95t 9 its k9d1 & ! rev]se respectively2 qualities :i* be> an analogy to goodness on ! "o h&1 & to badness on ! o!r1 accord+ to ! univ]sal te/imony ( human spee*4 ,n[1 if ! use ( ?is d]ivative s5se /ops %ort1 9 ! case ( 1 :5 x comes to bord] on :at is positively bad1 & 9 ! case ( 1 :5 x comes to t\* ^u :at is positively good1 !re mu/ be a reason = ! abrupt cessation1 at t po9t1 ( ! function ( ! words2 & x c be none o!r ?an t nature h]self revolts f a contradiction 9 t]ms2 z we nev] say a good villa91 or a bad sa9t4 ,b ! contradiction w\ld n exi/1 unless ! e?ical s5se 7 inh]5t 9 ! words4 ,n[1 ,i v5ture to /ate1 ) z mu* confid5ce z c well exi/ 9 ! case ( a negative embrac+ su* a numb] ( in/ances1 t we d f9d ?is limitation ?r\gh\t ! poems ( ,hom]1 9 ! second>y use bo? ( & ( 4 ,9 "o passage !re is at fir/ sight "s obscurity 9 ! mean+ ( ! latt] t]m1 ' #ghi4 ,"h h[ev] ! context pla9ly %[s x to be1 #8x w n d = a m5dicant to be %y4' #ghi ,od4 xvii4 #egh4 ,b ! positive s5se ( bo? words c be cle>ly & indisputably made out f a numb] ( passages1 ( :i* ,i w quote a portion4 ,al?\gh x is true1 t 9 ,hom] ! ^w v (t5 ref]s m to ! ideas ( p>ticul> excell5ces & ( p[]1 ?an to t ( moral wor?2 yet 9 "s passages we f9d a lat5t bias1 z x 71 t[>ds ! la/ nam$ idea1 & 9 o!rs we h a cle> & full expression ( x4 ,z an example ( ! fir/1 ,i quote ! description ( ,agamemnon#gij1 1 ' ' 1 #8,a good k+1 & a brave w>rior4' ,n[ ! ^w "h evid5tly has a special reg>d to ! moral elem5t4 ,hom] surely int5ds to describe1 by ! epi!ts he applies to ea* ( ! two sub/antives1 a special excell5ce suitable to ea* "* respectively4 ,! goodness1 s to speak1 ( a w>rior consi/$ 9 brav]y3 ! goodness ( a k+1 p>tly inde$ 9 prud5ce1 b *iefly 9 ju/ice1 9 mildness1 & 9 lib]ality4 ,if 9 ?is place meant m]ely #8good 9 ! virtue ( its k9d1' !n x might z well /& ) z ) 1 & !re=e ! anti!sis w\ld be a bad & po9tless "o4 #gij ,il4 iii4 #agi4 ,9 o!r cases ! moral col\r+ ( ! t]m is full & indubitable4 ,bell]ophon#gia1 :5 he resi/s ! s$uction ( ! wife ( ,prtus1 is 4 ,jupit]1 :5 inc5s$1 is describ$ by ,m9]va ?us1 #gib4 ,to foll[ good advice is #gic4 ,a man :o is 1 is also ! "o :o mu/ necess>ily h reg>d & affection = 8 wife#gid4 ,& ,clytemne/ra1 be=e %e 0 corrupt$1 _h good dispositions2 ' #gie4 #gia ,il4 vi4 #afb4 #gib ,il4 viii4 #cfj4 #gic ,il4 xi4 #ghh4 #gid ,il4 ix4 #cda4 #gie ,od4 iii4 #bff4 ,! ^w aga91 9 a majority ( cases1 ref]s to defect or calamity 9 ?+s1 or to poltroon]y1 or o!r bas5ess ( t k9d1 9 p]sons3 b x directly indicates moral badness 9 su* passages z ! foll[+4 ,leiodes pleads t he tri$ to keep ! ,suitors f do+ wrong1 #gif4 ,telema*us w>ns ! ,suitors t ! gods w turn ^u !m 9 wra?1 #gig4 ,jupit] views su* de$s ) indignation1 #gih4 ,& ,juno reproa*es ,apollo = giv+ c\nt5ance to ! ,trojans1 z ' 1 :]e our f9d+ fai?lessness 9 ! imm$iate context1 po9ts to moral depravity z ! signification ( ! ^w #gii4 #gif ,od4 xxii4 #caf4 #gig ,od4 ii4 #fg4 #gih ,od4 xiv4 #bhd4 #gii ,il4 xxiv4 #fc4 ,use ( ! ^w 4 ,9 ! ^w 1 h[ev]1 we h an in/ance ( an epi!t nev] employ$ except 9 ord] to signify a moral or a religi\s idea4 ,l ! ^w righte\s among ourselves1 x is d]iv$ f a s\rce :i* w\ld make x imm$iately designate duty z betwe5 man & man1 & also z x arises out ( civil relations4 ,b x is appli$ 9 ,hom] to bo? ! great bran*es ( duty4 ,& surely !re _c be a /rong] pro( ( ! exi/5ce ( def9ite moral ideas among a p1 ?an ! v fact t !y employ a ^w f\nd$ on ! obs]vance ( relative rights to describe also ! religi\s "*4 ,x is :5 religion & morality are torn asund]1 t ! exi/5ce ( moral ideas is endang]$4 ,m9]va1 9 ! =m ( ,m5tor1 is pleas$ ) ,telema*us = h&+ ! cup fir/ to h] at ! fe/ival 9 ,pylos1 because x is a tribute ( rev]5ce to sup]ior age4 ,= ?is he is call$ #hjj 1 & ! idea is t ( relative duty4 ,aga91 :5 %e advises him = a :ile to let ! ,suitors alone1 x is #hja2 & !y d n "k ! retribution t hangs ov] !m4 ,9 ?is case ! mean+ mu/ be ei!r #8j' or #8pi\s4' #hjj ,od4 iii4 #eb4 #hja ,od4 ii4 #bhb4 ,9 ano!r case1 :]e ! v same phrase is employ$1 c only mean #8pi\s4' #8,jupit]1' says ,ne/or1 #8orda9$ calamities = ! ,greeks on _! return1 because !y 7 n all ei!r intellig5t or righte\s#hjb3 #hjb ,od4 iii4 #acb-f4 4 #8,:]e=e _m ( !m p]i%$' 7he cont9ues7 #8?r\gh ! wra? ( ,m9]va1 :o set ! two ,atrid at v>iance4' ,n[ "h x appe>s t ! orig9al (f5ce ( ! ,greeks c\ld only h consi/$ 9 ! omission ( ! usual sacrifices1 :ile ! passage has no ref]5ce :atev] to relative duties3 !re=e mu/ ref] simply to duty t[>ds ! gods4 ,&1 h[ev] imp]fect may be t notion ( div9e duty :i* made x consi/ 9 sacrifice :olly or ma9ly1 yet pla9ly ! neglect to sacrifice 0 = ! ,greeks ( ! h]oic age a moral (f5ce1 al?\gh x consi/$ only 9 ! brea* ( a law ( ! class t]m$ positive4 ,a passage yet m fatally adv]se to ! position ( ,mr4 ,grote is1 ,i ?9k1 t :]e ,hom] describes ! #hjc z 4 ,= !re he appe>s to be speak+ ( p]sons cle>ly less advanc$ 9 civilization1 m rude1 less weal?y & intellig5t1 ?an ! ,greeks2 & yet he applies to !m an epi!t :i* proclaims !m to h be51 9 8 op9ion1 ei!r ! mo/ j1 or ! mo/ pi\s ( mank9d4 #hjc ,il4 xiii4 #f4 ,religion & morals n dissociat$4 ,moreov]1 x does n appe> t any:]e among ! ,greeks 7 religion & morals z yet effectually dissociat$4 ,x is true t ! language ( m]e my?ology treats ! religi\s "* ( man z e/abli%$ by b\nty 9 sacrifice4 ,b ?is is "o ( ! po9ts1 & a v vital "o1 9 :i* ! !i/ic sy/em ( ! ,greeks 0 worse ?an _! e?ical in/9ct1 & became1 !re=e1 a positive s\rce ( corruption4 ,:ile ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t rigidly controll$ ! prop5sity ( man to sub/itute p]functory obs]vances = ! s]vice ( ! he>t1 by say+1 #8to obey is bett] ?an sacrifice1' ! ,jupit] ( ! ,greeks tells !m1 t to sacrifice is bett] ?an to obey4 ,& x is only 9 ! m\? ( a traditive deity t we f9d any m elevat$ s5tim5t4 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t1 inde$1 yet n effectually1 ?is repres5tation may be qualifi$1 if we recollect t 9 ^! passages ! deities ( ,olympus1 conceiv$ accord+ to ! laws ( an?ropophuism1 :5 !y h occasion to speak ( human piety1 speak ( x 9 t aspect "u :i* x 0 peculi>ly b5eficial to !mselves1 b d n on t acc\nt int5d :olly to set aside its o!r p>ts1 :ile !y und\bt$ly di/urb ! scale ( relative importance 9 ! moral ord]4 ,b man1 ! h&iwork ( ,god1 0 less deprav$ ?an ! idols :i* 7 ! h&iwork ( man4 ,among ! ,greeks1 ! pi\s man is n[h]e sep>at$ f ! j or moral man4 ,n 9 words1 = ! "q ( a /rang] always is1 :e!r m5 are1 on ! "o h&1 insol5t1 fi]ce1 & unrighte\s1 or1 on ! o!r1 hospitable & pi\s to ! gods#hjd2 #hjd ,od4 vi4 #abj4 ' ' 1 1 2 ,nor are !y 9 any in/ance sep>at$ 9 de$s4 ,we he> ( no religi\s obs]vances by ! ,suitors 9 ,i?aca2 b ,ne/or & ,m5elaus are bo? f\nd engag$ 9 !m4 ,! wick$ gi/hus1 hav+ corrupt$ ,clytemne/ra & ga9$ ! ?rone1 !n (f]$ _m sacrifices to ! gods 9 ! hope ( keep+ x1 & susp5d$ _m decorations 9 _! hon\r#hje2 b he is n on ?is acc\nt spok5 ( ) less horror1 nor inde$ did ?is extort$ pr(ession save him f div9e v5geance1 s5t by ! h& ( ,ore/es4 ,nor does x appe> t he _h ev] be5 lib]al 9 sacrifice be=e4 ,! p]sons :o are extoll$1 obvi\sly or expressly1 on ?is gr\nd 9 ! ,odyssey are1 ! illu/ri\s ,ulysses#hjf1 & ! tru/y ,eumu 9 8 humble cottage#hjg4 ,s t on ! :ole1 z betwe5 ,greek & ,greek1 regul>ity 9 div9e wor%ip by sacrifice 0 nei!r tak5 = ! sub/ance ( morality1 nor all[$ z a sub/itute = x1 b 0 a te/ ( x1 & 0 habitually f\nd 9 union ) x4 ,! connection is cle>ly set out 9 ! case ( ,eumu#hjh3 #hje ,od4 iii4 #bgb-e4 #hjf ,od4 i4 #fe-g4 #hjg ,od4 xiv4 #dbj4 #hjh ,ibid4 ' ' ' 4 ,moral elem5ts 9 ,sacrifice4 ,nor mu/ we =get t1 _h x be5 o!rwise1 a con/ant moral pr(anation1 abhorr$ by ! feel+ ( ! "t1 w\ld h be5 involv$4 ,= sacrifice1 z ought to be ! case ) all ritual1 _h a moral "* & adjuncts4 ,x 0 ei!r ord9>y1 z at ! common meal1 or solemn4 ,9 ! =m] case ! surr5d] by man ( a portion ( 8 food 0 a witness to ,god z ! giv]1 & an expression ( ?ankfulness intelligible to an unsophi/icat$ age4 ,9 ! latt] case1 & ev5 9 ! =m]#hji1 pray] or ?anksgiv+ 7 commonly comb9$ ) ! rite4 ,! _s ( man1 :5 he approa*$ ! alt>1 0 b[$ d[n be=e ! p[]s ( heav52 & ?\gh x 0 a heavy s9 9 nations :o _h a cle> k ( ,god to lapse into ! practices ( ^? :o c\ld b feebly grope 7to use ! language ( sa9t ,paul#haj7 = ,him1 yet ! use ( religi\s obs]vances1 :5 x is ord9>ily comb9$1 z we f9d x comb9$ 9 ,greece1 ) ! possession 9 o!r respects ( virtu\s "*1 is 9 effect "o ( ! /ronge/ te/imonies to ! exi/5ce ( a sub/antive /&>d ( morals1 :i* x associates at once ) ! unse5 _w1 & n ) any m]e reckon+ ( results1 drawn f ! life & exp]i5ce ( man4 #hji ,od4 xiv4 #dbc4 #haj ,acts xvii4 #bg4 ,if !n ! ,greeks ( ! h]oic age recognis$ a real type ( good & evil 9 human action1 ! next "q is1 :at 7 ! motive p[]s by :i* !y 7 drawn t[>ds ! practice ( virtue8 ,^! p[]s proce$$ f ?ree s\rces4 ,"o 0 a reg>d to ! gods2 to _! rew>d+ ! good1 & puni%+ ! bad4 ,( ?is we h already treat$ 9 reg>d to "s ( ! mo/ important po9ts4 ,! g5]al pro( re/s ^u almo/ e page ( ! poems1 especially z reg>ds ! puni%m5t ( ! unk9d1 unju/1 & cruel4 ,! ,hom]ic repres5tations ( a future /ate obscurely1 b s5sibly1 add /r5g? to ! same class ( sanctions4 ,! second 0 ! voice ( consci5ce1 speak+ = ea* man )9 8 own brea/#haa4 #haa ,ngelsba* ,hom4 ,!ol4 vi4 #ae4 ,! ?ird 0 a s5tim5t rang+ betwe5 rev]5ce & fe>1 :i* l$ to ! p]=mance ( duty1 & to ! avoidance ( crime1 9 consid]ation ( ! g5]al au?ority & e/abli%$ op9ion ( mank9d4 ,we may consid] ^? examples f bygone days1 :i* are s (t5 adduc$ ei!r = w>n+ or = imitation1 z belong+ to ?is ?ird division ( moral p[]s4 ,! f9] =ms ( ?is ?ird class ( s5tim5ts pass by imp]ceptible %ades into ! second4 ,! pr9ciple ( consci5ce4 ,aft] 8 conque/ ( ,hypoplacian ,!bes1 ,a*illes w\ld n despoil ! body ( ! sla9 ,eetion1 3 accord+ly he burnt him1 ) 8 preci\s arm\r on4 ,n[ x w\ld h be5 no crime to /rip him ( ?is valuable booty1 & !re=e w\ld h drawn d[n no v5geance3 b ! high /&>d ( 8 own *ivalr\s feel+s w\ld n suff] ! act4 ,we h no reason to suppose t 9 ?is in/ance he _h any reg>d to ! g5]al op9ion ( ! ,greeks4 ,= z :5 !y ga!r$ r\nd ! corpse ( ,hector1 e "o ( !m inflict$ a w\nd ^u x1 & z x 0 ! common cu/om ( ! w> to /rip ! dead ( _! arms1 no?+ c be m unlikely ?an t ! army w\ld h res5t$ a simil> proce$+ on ! "p ( ,a*illes t[>ds ,eetion4 ,x 0 !re=e to 8 own m9d t he def]r$4 ,"h !re 0 a consci5ce n only tak+ notice ( ! broad] &1 s to speak1 co>s]1 outl9es ( duty1 b likewise exhibit+ a ref9$ & t5d] s5se ( x4 ,aga91 ,telema*us says1 by way ( appeal to ! good feel+ ( ! ,suitors !mselves 7,od4 ii4 #ach471 ' 1 4 ,9 ?is place he seems to ref] to ! s5se ( "r )9 ea* man1 & by no means to _! reg>d = appe>ances z be=e ea* o!r2 :ile t1 f :i* he exhorts !m to ab/a91 is a purely moral wrong4 ,s ,glaucus appe>s to aim at ! individual consci5ce1 :5 he impresses on ,hector & ! ,trojans ! duty ( recov]+ ! body ( ,s>p$on1 le/ ! ,myrmidons %\ld deface 8 rema9s 7,il4 xvi4 #edd-f74 ,aga91 ,m5elaus addresses a simil> exhortation to ! ,greeks1 & "h expressly exhorts ea* p]son to feel & act = himself 7,il4 xvii4 #bed71 1 ' 4 ,9 "o passage p>ticul>ly1 ,telema*us di/+ui%es ) great cle>ness ! ?ree k9ds ( motive by ! t]ms prop] to !m respectively 7,od4 ii4 #fd-g72 7#a7 1 7#b7 ' 1 7#c7 ' 4 ,t is 1 = ! self-judg+ consci5ce3 1 = human op9ion3 & la/ly1 fe>1 9 reg>d to ! div9e wra?4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! moral /&>d )9 a man is also1 ,i ?9k1 v /rongly impli$ 9 ! ^w 1 :i* is appli$ to deep1 delib]ate1 habitual1 or audaci\s wick$ness4 ,= :5 x is int5d$ to let 9 any all[ance = m]e weakness1 or = solicitation f )\t1 or = a fooli% bl9dness1 !n ! ^w is us$4 ,& ,i d\bt :e!r1 9 any "o in/ance ?r\gh\t ! poems1 ^! two designations are ev] appli$ to "o & ! same misconduct4 ,x is c]ta9ly contr>y to ! g5]al & almo/ univ]sal rule4 ,! is some?+ done ) cle> sight & k1 ) ! full & consci\s action ( ! w3 x is some?+ reg>d$ z :olly )\t excuse1 z t5d+ to an entire moral deadness1 & z entail+ f9al puni%m5t alike )\t notice & )\t m]cy4 ,no?+ c acc\nt = ! introduction into a moral code ( a =m ( (f5ce conceiv$ ) su* int5sity1 & rank$ s high1 except ! belief t ! man committ+ x _h delib]ately set aside t inw>d witness to tru? & righte\sness1 suppli$ by ! law ( our nature1 9 ! repudiation ( :i* ! univ]sal & cons5ti5t voice ( mank9d has always plac$ ! mo/ awful responsibility1 ! extreme/ degree ( guilt t ! human be+ c incur4 ,reg>d = g5]al op9ion4 ,! high place assign$ ?r\gh\t ! poems to public op9ion z a moral *eck is visible at e turn4 ,& ?is *eck applies v>i\sly to v>i\s classes4 ,) ! mo/ ab&on$1 l ! ,suitors1 x is feeble2 & is only invok$ on special occasions1 z :5 ,telema*us comb9es x1 9 ! passage lately cit$1 ) ! o!r moral sanctions4 ,ev5 ,p>is is repres5t$ z q beyond ! rea* ( x3 & ,hel5 meekly wi%es1 t if ! gods _h det]m9$ %e %\ld live1 %e c\ld h be5 ! husb& ( a man m op5 to ! influ5ce ( ! public s5tim5t#hab3 #hab ,il4 vi4 #cdi-ea4 ' ' 4 ,b ^u *>act]s less frivol\s & less corrupt1 ?is p[] acts ) great efficacy3 s mu* s1 t ,phnix says he 0 re/ra9$1 :5 9 8 passion1 f kill+ 8 fa!r by "s b5evol5t deity1 ^: mode ( proce$+ 01 we %all p]ceive1 v rem>kable3 = ! sugge/ion he made to ,phnix ) su* good effect 01 n t he w\ld be puni%$ by ! gods = ! (f5ce1 b t he w\ld become an (f5ce & sc&al among m5#hac3 #hac ,il4 ix4 #dei-fa4 1 ' 1 ' 1 ' 4 ,! 1 or public op9ion1 weighs ev5 ) ! matron ,p5elope among ! motives to h] virtu\s & h]oic conduct2 & ! maid ,nausicaa1 no less circumspect ?an artless1 f9ds 9 ! 1 ! bitt] gossip1 ( ,s*]ia1 an apology = desir+ ,ulysses n to ent] ! city 9 h] company#had4 #had ,od4 vi4 #bgc-g4 ,b ! s5tim5t ( reg>d to g5]al op9ion comes out 9 o!r & yet f9] =ms z a practical regulator ( conduct 9 ! h]oic age4 ,p]haps we might v5ture to rely ^u ! uses ( ! s+le ^w 1 ) ! cognate v]b & adjective1 9 ,hom]1 = pro( t ! condition ( ! ,greeks ( 8 age 0 a condition ( high civilization1 9 t :i* con/itutes its mo/ ess5tial "p1 namely1 t :i* relates to ! affections & passions ( man2 ! expansion by moral =ces ( ! "o1 & ! compression ( ! o!r4 ,%ame1 9 all its _m =ms1 has m ?an "o p]vad+ *>act]i/ic to m>k x z an ag5t alike p[]ful & delicate 9 its influ5ce ^u human conduct4 ,fir/1 x ess5tially involves ?is idea3 t :ile x ref]s to an ext]nal /&>d1 indep5d5t ( ourselves ?\gh able to act ^u u1 /ill ! p[] ?us invok$ is "o altoge!r di/9ct f ! idea ( =ce4 ,s s5sitive inde$ is ! feel+ ( %ame1 t at ! fir/ mom5t :5 =ce comes into view1 x alt]s its nature1 & passes into fe>4 ,t :i* x appreh5ds is some?+1 :i* dwells only 9 ! e!real region ( op9ion2 & yet ?is1 by ! f95ess ( its appreciation1 x conv]ts into an ag5t effective bo? to excite & to re/ra94 ,?us x exhibits to u ! human _s guid$ by silk5 re9s1 & 9 ?is way be>s emphatic witness to ! high tra9+1 by :i* alone x c become susceptible ( s g5tle a guidance4 ,secondly1 x embraces n only ! "* ( acts z !y are 9 !mselves or appe> to u1 b also ! aspect :i* !y w naturally pres5t to o!rs4 ,x !re=e ess5tially involves ! recognition ( a high =m ( relative duty3 x obliges u1 9 regulat+ ! :ole t5\r ( our conduct1 to make ! feel+s ( o!rs an elem5t 9 our own decisions4 ,?is pr9ciple ( a mutual reg>d1 n conf9$ to c]ta9 positive acts ( relative duty1 b p]vad+ ! :ole c\rse ( moral action1 lies at ! root ( all g5u9e & high civilization4 ,%ame mu/ h ref]5ce to "s /&>d ext]ior to ourselves1 & x !re=e t5ds t[>ds uproot+ ! law ( selfi%ness4 ,9 "o ( its highe/ =ms1 ! "o p]haps mo/ famili> to u 9 ,hom]1 x is t]m$ self-respect4 ,b self-respect does n mean a reg>d to self3 x means a virtu\s reg>d to a /&>d e/abli%$ by adequate cons5t & au?ority1 & own$1 n set up1 by ! individual consci5ce2 toge!r ) a det]m9ation t #8self' %all be made to con=m to x4 ,! ( ?is s5tim5t is :at we t]m false %ame3 :i* does evil1 or refra9s f good1 9 submission to a deprav$ /&>d ( op9ion ext]nal to u1 & 9 defiance ( our own k ( "r4 ,?is k9d ( %ame is treat$ ) no respect 9 ,hom]3 = examples ( x we mu/ look to ,amphima*us & ,leiodes1 two bett]-m9d$ b comply+ ,suitors1 :o end by p]i%+ ) ! re/4 ,! =ce & =ms ( 4 ,! num]\s =ms ( ! s5tim5t ( 9 ! h]oic age are a pro( ( ! l>ge & v>i$ developm5t to :i* x _h already atta9$4 ,h[ f9e a feel+ is t accord+ to :i*1 z ) ,hom]1 ! bold m5 are also ! %amefac$ ones6 z 9 8 l9e1 ' 4 ,?is l9e1 z x is repeat$1 seems to h ! "* ( a 9 ! poems#hae4 #hae ,il4 v4 #eca4 xv4 #efc4 ,! mo/ m>k$ & frequ5t use ( is 9 ! s5se ( self-respect z appli$ to milit>y hon\r & brav]y4 ,! words 1 1 :i* are employ$ z an exhortation to fight1 con/itute "o ( ! ,hom]ic =mul4 ,hom] does n p]mit ?is use ( ! ^w to ! ,trojans3 b once x is employ$ = 8 gallant fav\rites1 ! ,lycians4 7,il4 xvi4 #dbb4 xvii4 #ccf47 ,once1 inde$1 ! t]m is appli$ to ,trojans1 b ?is is 9 ! conv]se ( ! usual s5se4 ,x w\ld be 1 a disgrace1 says neas1 7 we to let ,troy be tak5 ?r\gh our want ( manhood4 ,?is is a l[] signification4 ,& aga91 z we %all see1 ! e/abli%$ =mula ( milit>y incitem5t = ! ,trojans is diff]5t & less ref9$#haf4 #haf ,il4 vi4 #aab et alibi4 ,sometimes is an excess ( def]5ce1 or :at we might call scrupulosity2 ! feel+ :i* c>ries ! fa/idi\s obs]vance ( "s "r s5tim5t t[>ds o!rs up to ! po9t :]e x ?reat5s to int]f]e ) a public or o!r cle> duty4 ,s ,telema*us begs ( ,ne/or1 #8tell me ! tru?1' ' 1 ' #hag4 #hag ,od4 iii4 #if4 ,9 ! ,doloneia1 ,agamemnon1 fe>ful t ,diom$ w *oose ,m5elaus z a companion out ( def]5ce1 says1 #8,d n let influ5ce y3 *oose ! be/ man4' ,sometimes x is compassion1 or ru?2 z :5 ,a*illes1 be=e ! ransom1 is said to %[ no t[>ds ! body ( ,hector4 ,b "h includes ! idea ( %ame & self-respect4 ,sometimes x is rev]5ce t[>ds a sup]ior1 z 9 ,od4 xiv4 #eje1 & 9 appli$ by ,hel5 to ,priam 9 ,il4 iii4 #agb4 ,9 ?is mann] x becomes applicable to ! s5tim5ts a man %\ld ent]ta9 t[>ds ! gods1 ' 1 #hah4 #hah ,il4 xxiv4 #ejc4 ,& ?is is a v rem>kable use ( ! t]m1 because ,priam c]ta9ly does n mean to urge ^u ,a*illes a dread ( ! gods1 b some?+ q di/9ct4 ,sometimes x is appli$ by a sup]ior to an inf]ior2 & means #88 or h] dues1' z among ! ,immortals1 :]e ,jupit] says to ,!tis1 t he res]ves ! hon\r ( ! ransom = ,a*illes1 #hai4 #hai ,ibid4 #aaa4 ,x may also be felt t[>ds an inf]ior among m53 ,agamemnon is exhort$ to feel x t[>ds ,*ryses#hbj1 = x is n a p]sonal s5tim5t1 b implies an object1 outside ! m]e p]son :o is ! imm$iate occasion ( x4 ,s ,a*illes is intreat$ to rev]e 77 ,lycaon1 a vanqui%$ & suppliant enemy#hba4 #hbj ,il4 i4 #bc4 #cgg4 #hba ,il4 xxi4 #gd4 ,sometimes x signifies ! con/itution ( a special relation1 ov] & above ! g5]al bond betwe5 man & man4 ,a p]son's are 8 relations1 fri5ds1 gue/s1 & ! l4 ,ev5 s a w&]] is to ! gods 7,od4 v4 #ddg74 ,sometimes x means purely m5tal mode/y1 z 9 ,od4 viii4 #aga1 ' 2 he speaks ) t engag+ ba%fulness & c>eful indication ( respect = 8 audi5ce1 :i* =ms a pr9cipal grace ( ! orator4 ,sometimes ! physical1 z well z m5tal1 quality ( mode/y2 z :5 kept ! goddesses at home 7,od4 viii4 #cbd74 ,sometimes1 aga91 simply %yness2 z :5 ,telema*us is exhort$ by ,m9]va to put away 9 ,od4 iii4 #ad2 or z 9 ! phrase ' 2 #8x w nev] d = a begg> to be %y4' ,no f9] %ad+ ( s5tim5t1 ,i ?9k1 c be f\nd 9 ! language ( ! mo/ civiliz$ nations1 nor any case s rem>kable ( a high & t5d]1 & at ! same "t l>gely develop$ /ate ( feel+ at a "t :5 mat]ial progress 0 s p>tial1 rude1 & slight4 ,& ( ! vital importance ( ?is elem5t ( ! ,greek moral code1 we f9d a pro( 9 ! repres5tation ( ,hesiod1 :o gives x z a *>act]i/ic ( 8 iron1 or po/-,hom]ic1 age1 t along ) _h fl$ f ! e>?4 ,o!r cognate t]ms4 ,!re are o!r words1 ! use ( :i* 9 ,hom] approximates occasionally to ! s5se ( 4 ,! ne>e/ ( !m is 7z 9 ,il4 xviii4 #agh71 ) its v]b 2 :i*1 z we h se51 is sometimes appli$ simply to an int]nal /&>d recognis$ by ! consci5ce4 ,b 9 ,il4 iv4 #bdb1 2 seems to be equival5t to 2 or #8= %ame4' ,! ^w 1 too1 is sometimes us$ 9 a s5se ak9 to t ( 3 z :5 ,neptune exhorts ! ,greeks1 7,il4 xiii4 #aba73 comp>e vi4 #cea4 ,aga91 9 ,od4 i4 #bfc1 ii4 #acf1 xxii4 #dj4 ,b ?is s5tim5t is usually half way betwe5 & fe>1 because :at x appreh5ds1 ?\gh x is n =ce1 yet nei!r is x simple disapproval2 r x is disapproval ) heat1 disapproval into :i* passion ent]s4 ,x contributes1 h[ev]1 to complete a v rem>kable picture ( ! human m9d4 ,! comp>ison betwe5 ,greeks & ,trojans1 or ,europeans & ,asiatics1 w prove1 we %all f9d1 greatly 9 fav\r ( ! =m] z to mo/ p>ts ( _! morality4 ,we h n[ to t\* ^u a feature 9 ,greek mann]s :i* is unfav\rable4 ,homicide 9 ! h]oic age4 ,) reg>d to ! practice ( homicide1 ! ord9>y ,greek morality 0 extremely loose2 :ile we h no evid5ce ( a simil> read9ess = blood%$d+ among ! ,trojans3 & en\gh is told u ( ,trojan life & mann]s to h probably br\ght out ?is *>act]i/ic1 _h x exi/$4 ,among ! ,greeks1 to h kill$ a man 0 consid]$ 9 ! light ( a mis=tune1 or at mo/ a prud5tial error1 an #hbb1 :5 ! p]petrator ( ! act _h come among /rang]s z a fugitive = protection & hospitality4 ,on ! spot1 !re=e1 :]e ! crime occurr$1 x c\ld /& only z 9 ! nature ( a private & civil wrong1 & ! f9e payable 0 reg>d$1 n 7:i* x might h be57 z a mode1 h[ev] defective1 ( m>k+ any guilt 9 ! culprit1 b z1 on ! :ole1 an equitable satisfaction to ! w\nd$ feel+s ( ! relatives & fri5ds1 or z an actual comp5sation = ! lo/ s]vices ( ! dead man4 ,! religion ( ! age takes no notice ( ! act :atev]#hbc4 #hbb ,il4 xxiv4 #dhj4 #hbc ,fri$rei*1 ,reali51 sect4 #aci4 ,! ord9>y practice1 we le>n f ! blunt spee* ( ,ajax to ,a*illes#hbd1 0 to accept ! e/abli%$ f9e ^u ! loss ev5 ( a bro!r or a son1 if (f]$1 & !n to let ! slay] rema9 unh>m$4 ,if he w\ld n pay1 or if ! relations w\ld n accept ! paym5t1 ! alt]native 0 flight3 b x does n appe> t ?is entail$ any loss ( "*1 p]haps r o!rwise4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 ! mo/ common issue ( su* an affair1 &1 z su*1 x furni%es ,hom] ) a simile4 ,priam1 appe>+ be=e ,a*illes by surprise1 is comp>$ to a man :o1 hav+ _h ! mis=tune to kill somebody1 appe>s unexpect$ly 9 a /range place#hbe4 #hbd ,il4 ix4 #fcb-f4 #hbe ,il4 xxiv4 #dhj-b4 ,eight in/ances 9 ! poems4 ,we w proce$ to exam9e ! cases ( homicide record$ 9 ! poems1 :i* are alike num]\s & rem>kable4 ,i4 ,m$on#hbf1 ! illegitimate bro!r ( ,oilean ,ajax1 migrates f ,locris to ,phylace1 hav+1 9 ! usual phrase1 kill$ a man1 4 ,?is man 0 a k9sman1 n improbably a bro!r1 7= may mean bro!r1 z 9 ,il4 iii4 #agd1 & xxii4 #bcd71 ( 8 #8/epmo!r1' z %e is call$2 t is1 ( ,eriopis1 ! lawful wife ( 8 fa!r4 ,& yet he reta9s or improves 8 position 9 ,phylace1 & appe>s1 9 ! ,?irte5? ,iliad1 z ! comm&] ( all ! ,ph?ians except ! ,myrmidons4 #hbf ,il4 xiii4 #fei-g4 xv4 #ccc-f4 ,,ii4 ,!oclym5us#hbg1 ( ! prophetic family ( ,melampus1 sudd5ly makes 8 appe>ance be=e ,telema*us1 :5 he is ab\t to emb>k f ! ,peloponnesus = ,i?aca4 ,he inquires ( ,telema*us :o he is#hbh2 &1 on f9d+ t ! y\? is n 9 8 own c\ntry1 b a /rang]1 he says1 #8,s am ,i3 ,i h kill$ a man1 & am fly+ f ! v5geance ( 8 family3 !y are p[]ful1 & ,i am 9 fe> le/ !y %\ld take my life4' ,telema*us imm$iately promises to take him on bo>d1 & ent]ta9 him hospitably4 ,he does n seem at all %ock$ at ! intimation he has receiv$4 ,he does n ?9k x wor? :ile to ask ! fugitive1 :e!r he kill$ ! man wantonly1 or "u provocation4 ,b he =?) assigns to him ! place ( hon\r#hbi3 4 #hbg ,od4 xv4 #bbj et seqq4 #hbh ,od4 xv4 #bfj4 #hbi ,ibid4 #bhe4 ,,iii4 ,! next is an in/ance n less rem>kable ?an ! "o la/ nam$4 ,tlepolemus1 ! son ( ,h]cules & ,a/yo*e1 kills ,licymnius ! mat]nal uncle ( 8 fa!r1 & 8 own gr&-uncle4 ,! suff]] is1 moreov]1 9 8 old age1 or he c\ld h>dly be ! gr&-uncle ( an adult p]son2 & no plea or palliation is m5tion$ = ! act4 ,! *ildr5 & gr&*ildr5 ( ,h]cules prep>e to levy w> ^u him3 b s f> is he f hav+ suff]$ 9 "* = :at h>dly c h be5 o!r ?an a b>b>\s & brutal action1 t he is enabl$ to raise a l>ge body ( emigrants1 :o accompany him to ,rhodes4 ,:5 di/ribut$ !re 9 ?ree settlem5ts1 !y are bless$ by ! peculi> fav\r ( ,jupit]2 & ,tlepolemus appe>s be=e ,troy z ! comm&] ( ! ,rhodian cont+5t#hcj4 #hcj ,il4 ii4 #feh-gj4 ,,iv4 ,aga91 ! fri5d%ip ( ,a*illes & ,patroclus _h its orig9 9 ! circum/ance t ,m5tius deliv]$ ov] 8 son into ! protection ( ,peleus1 because1 be+ a y\?1 he _h qu>rell$ ) ano!r y\?1 ! son ( ,amphidamas1 ov] a game ( dice1 & _h sla9 him1 1 1 z ! ,poet says2 t is1 ( c\rse1 )\t malice prep5se#hca4 ,?is is ! m wor?y ( notice1 because x is evid5t t ! "* ( ,patroclus1 p>tly p]haps = ! sake ( contra/ ) t ( ,a*illes1 & !re=e ( relief to x1 is meant to be repres5t$ z "o ( peculi> g5tl5ess#hcb2 a quality 9 :i* no "o ( ! great ,greek *iefta9s1 except ,m5elaus1 c compete ) him4 #hca ,il4 xxiii4 #hf4 #hcb ,il4 xix4 #bhb-cjj4 ,v4 ,9 ! ,fifte5? ,iliad1 ,hector slays ,lycophron1 son ( ,ma/or1 :5 he is aim+ at ,ajax4 ,?is 0 an inhabitant ( ,cy!ra :o _h quitt$ 8 c\ntry = homicide1 #8b :om1' says ,ajax to ,teuc]1 #8we hon\r$ z if he _h be5 a belov$ p>5t#hcc4' #hcc ,il4 xv4 #dbi-dj4 ,,vi4 ,aga91 ! case ( ,epeigeus is rem>kable2 = he _h be5 "l ( ,budeum3 ' ,b hav+ sla9 a c\s91 app>5tly also ( ! high] ord]1 he _h to fly to ,peleus & ,!tis = protection#hcd4 #hcd ,il4 xvi4 #ega4 ,,vii4 ,9 ! ,?irte5? ,odyssey1 ,ulysses1 aft] be+ deposit$ 9 ,i?aca1 gives a fabul\s acc\nt ( himself to ! disguis$ ,m9]va1 9 :i* we may be sure t he includes no?+ :i* 0 deem$ ess5tially di%on\rable4 ,9 ?is acc\nt he repres5ts himself z a fugitive f ,crete on acc\nt ( homicide4 ,orsilo*us1 ! son ( ,idom5eus1 _h endeav\r$1 z he says1 to deprive him ( 8 %>e ( ! ,trojan booty3 = ?is cause he waylaid him by night1 took away 8 life )\t be+ p]ceiv$ by any "o z he 0 return+ f ! c\ntry1 & !n emb>k$1 to avoid ! consequ5ces1 9 a ,phnician %ip#hce4 #hce ,od4 xiii4 #bef-ge4 ,,viii4 ,an anonym\s tolian1 hav+ sla9 a man1 fl$ to ,i?aca1 visit$ ,eumu1 & z a matt] ( c\rse 0 ent]ta9$1 nay pett$1 by him2 7,od4 xiv4 #cgi-ha74 ,ev5 ?is great numb] ( in/ances d n s fully illu/rate ! famili>ity ( ! practice1 & its ?or\gh disconnection f ! idea ( moral turpitude1 z ! mode 9 :i* x furni%es ! mat]ial ( g5]al illu/ration or rem>k4 ,:5 ,hom] desires to repres5t on ! %ield ( ,a*illes ! ord9>y =m ( public bus9ess 9 an assembly1 he *ooses a trial = homicide#hcf4 ,& s ,ulysses1 :5 expla9+ to ,telema*us ! =midable difficulties ) :i*1 aft] ! slaught] ( ! ,suitors1 he has to cont5d1 obs]ves t ^? :om he has sla9 7 ! v fl[] ( ! community2 :]eas1 9 ord9>y cases1 a man flies 8 c\ntry aft] hav+ put b a s+le p]son to dea?1 & ?is ev5 ?\gh he be "o :o has few to take up 8 qu>rel#hcg4 #hcf ,il4 xviii4 #dgi4 #hcg ,od4 xxiii4 #aah-bb4 ,n[ if we knew ^! facts conc]n+ ! ,greeks ( ! h]oic age1 & knew no?+ else1 we %\ld at once conclude t !y 7 an inhuman & savage p1 :o did n appreciate ! value ( human life4 ,b ?is is n s4 ,!y are n a cruel p4 ,!re is no wanton infliction ( pa9 ?r\gh\t ! :ole op]ations ( ! ,iliad1 no delight 9 ! suff]+s ( o!rs4 ,! only ne$less w\nds are w\nds giv5 to ! dead#hch2 a mode ( action :i* imput$ no?+ brutal or degrad+1 9 times :5 mank9d _h n yet le>n$ f ! ,*ri/ian ,revelation ! hon\r due to ! human body4 #hch ,il4 xxii1 #cga4 ,x is n !n m]e savag5ess1 & ! l[ e/imate put ^u life1 :i* det]m9es ! view ( ! h]oic age ) respect to homicide4 ,& if n1 !n x c only be an unbalanc$ appreciation ( "s o!r quality1 su* z c\rage1 :i* 0 commonly impli$ & exhibit$ 9 su* cases4 ,:y view$ ) little disfav\r4 ,x seems z ?\gh ! display ( =ce & _s ( d>+1 :i* accompany crimes ( viol5ce 9 a rude age1 _h su* a value 9 ! e/imation ( ! e>ly ,greeks1 z to excuse proce$+s :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 visit$ ) ! sev]e/ c5sure4 ,we %all f9d reason to believe t ,p>is may h _h a c]ta9 cr$it 9 _! eyes = c>ry+ (f ,hel5 by ! /rong h&1 :i* w5t to r$eem or mitigate 8 adult]y1 & brea* ( hospitable rights4 ,?is idea1 :i* is und\bt$ly />tl+1 is support$ by ! /range n>rative ( ,h]cules & ,iphitus4 ,iphitus 0 ! possessor ( c]ta9 f9e m>es4 ,h]cules1 det]m9$ to possess !m1 visit$ him1 receiv$ 8 hospitality1 slew him1 & c>ri$ (f ! animals4 ,n[ x may inde$ be ! mix$ "* ( ,h]cules1 :i* places 8 9 ! ,%ades1 :ile he is himself among ! ,immortals2 b /ill ! scale is ca/ on ! :ole 9 8 fav\r4 ,yet surely ! /ory ( ,iphitus exhibits a crime ( ! blacke/ dye2 & ! only palliation ( x t is conceivable seems to lie 9 ?is1 t he probably did n use /ratagem1 b proce$$ by ma9 =ce4 ,! crime ( gi/hus1 ! blacke/ 9 ! poems1 appe>s to d]ive its highe/ int5sity f ! fact1 t he slew ,agamemnon l an ox at ! /all1 9 ! fri5dly fea/ itself1 )\t notice or ! opportunity ( def5ce1 & by a plot delib]ately laid4 ,su* is ! effect ( all ! ?ree passages 9 :i* ?is outrage is describ$#hci4 ,! mo/ fav\rable supposition :i* ! case ( ,h]cules admits is1 t he came = plund]1 & put ! possessor ( ! horses to dea?1 )\t prem$itation1 ^u 8 refusal to yield !m up2 & t su* an act1 ?\gh a prop] object ( div9e res5tm5t1 0 yet n black en\gh to de/roy 8 title to hon\r & a cele/ial abode#hdj4 #hci ,od4 i4 #ce-g4 iv4 #ebd-ce4 xi4 #dji-bj4 #hdj ,od4 xxi4 #bb-ch4 xi4 #fja-d4 ,we w n[ pass on to a k9dr$ subject4 ,piracy 9 ! h]oic age4 ,?ucydides has /at$ t 9 ! e>li] ages ( ,greece ! practice ( piracy 0 alike widespread & hon\rable3 1 #hda4 ,9 support ( ?is op9ion he ref]s to ! que/ions !n usually address$ to /rang]s on _! arrival 9 a c\ntry2 su* z t by ,ne/or to ! pseudo-,m5tor & ,telema*us1 9 ord] to le>n :at _! bus9ess 01 or :e!r !y 7 pirates#hdb2 #hda ,?uc4 i4 #e4 #hdb ,od4 iii4 #gb4 1 1 1 ' 1 2 ,n[ ,i ?9k t ! la/ l9e seems to expla9 ! fav\rable view :i* 0 tak5 by ! ,greeks ( ! practice ( piracy4 ,= x comb9$ ) ! haz>ds ( navigation1 !n s mu* m s]i\s ?an at pres5t1 ! *ance ( desp]ate enc\nt]s4 ,x appeal$1 9 ! v highe/ degree1 to ! _s ( adv5ture2 a _s cong5ial especially to ! e>lie/ y\? ( a p full ( unsatisfi$ &1 s to speak1 hungry en]gies4 ,! mis*ief inflict$ 0 inflict$ on 1 on ^? ) :om !re 0 no close tie1 ei!r z compatriots or z 4 ,n[ we mu/ be> 9 m9d t ! law :i*1 ev5 9 ! "t ( ,?ucydides1 gov]n$ ! relations ( ! ,greek tribes among !mselves1 dur+ ! p]iod ( _! high civilization1 0 a p]man5t or ord9>y /ate ( ho/ility susp5d$ f "t to "t by conv5tions = s _m or s _m ye>s#hdc4 ,! same pr9ciple1 appli$ to a p]iod :5 political organization 0 less mature1 & :5 m5 liv$ r 9 knots & companies ?an 9 /ates1 involves ! ,hom]ic view ( piracy4 ,& t view1 ent]ta9$ 9 su* times1 %\ld occasion f> less surprise1 ?an our f9d+ ,?ucydides in=m u t ! same sy/em cont9u$ ?r\gh\t :ole divisions ( ,greece 9 8 day2 1 1 1 1 #hdd4 ,! ga9s ( ! pirate's life 7 9 "s s5se fairly balanc$ by its dang]s4 ,! piracy ( t age 0 n l piracy 9 ours1 ! /rong & well-arm$ wait+ = ! feeble & def5celess2 x 0 a game ( m ev5 *ances1 & ! real resemblance = x is to be f\nd1 n among ! ,alg]9e corsairs1 n ev5 9 ! ,highl& clans sweep+ d[n f ! m\nta9s ^u ! ,l[l& ,scots1 b mo/ prop]ly 9 ! m ev5-h&$ =ays ( ! bord] w>f>e betwe5 ,engl& & ,scotl&4 #hdc ,x seems1 h[ev]1 possible t ! s5se ( ! might be ! same z t :i* we atta* to a lease = n9e hundr$ & n9ety-n9e ye>s4 #hdd ,?uc4 i4 #e4 ,!re is inde$ yet a high] au?ority = ?is k9d ( piracy1 ?an t to :i* ,?ucydides has ref]r$4 ,ulysses1 :5 he has de/roy$ ! ,suitors1 consid]s1 9 conv]sation ) 8 wife1 n only h[ he is to pres]ve 8 rema9+ prop]ty 9 live /ock1 b h[ he is to replace :at 8 enemies h de/roy$4 ,"p he ?9ks 8 subjects w make up to him by pres5ts1 b great "p he w himself obta9 by freeboot+#hde2 #hde ,od4 xxiii4 #ceg4 4 ,we c h>dly1 ,i ?9k1 re/ra9 ! mean+ ( ! ^w to ! booty ( legitimate & successful w>4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,cicones1 piracy is sc>cely di/+ui%able f w>2 b ,ulysses fairly relates ( himself a piratical attack ^u ,egypt1 :i* c leave u no room = scruple 9 suppos+1 t he might )\t hesitation ?9k ( do+ aga9 :at he ?\ght x wor? :ile to pret5d t he _h done be=e4 ,bo? ^! la/-nam$ in/ances may s]ve1 h[ev]1 to %[ t1 9 times :5 prep>$ness = w> 0 habitual1 ! pirate took no great advantage 9 su* attacks z ^!4 ,= ) ! ,cicones ,ulysses _h ! wor/ ( x at la/#hdf2 & 9 ! case ( ,egypt1 accord+ to 8 fable1 ! :ole p>ty 7 tak5 prison]s or sla94 ,kidnapp+1 h[ev]1 su* z t ( ,eumu /ol5 9 8 *ildhood1 is n1 ,i presume1 to be reg>d$ z equal 9 hon\r to freeboot+ ) ! /rong h&1 ?us app>5tly /amp$ ) ! sanction ( ,ulysses4 #hdf ,od4 ix4 #ei4 ,& yet ?is model-man _h be5 /ung to ! v quick by ,euryalus 9 ,phacia1 :o said to him1 #8,y d n look l a man to compete 9 a?letic games2 b r l "o ( ! capta9s ( m]*ant vessels1 :o looks aft] ! c>go & makes rapaci\s pr(its#hdg6' #hdg ,od4 viii4 #aei-fd4 ,nor1 aft] all1 is ?is s /range z at fir/ sight x might appe>2 = ! ,phnicians1 ! m]*ants ( ^? days1 7 also kidnapp]s & slave-deal]s3 & if _! transactions 7 n1 l ^? ( ! pirates1 uni=mly bad1 !y 71 :5 exceptionable1 d\ble-dy$ 9 guilt1 because !y involv$ fraud z well z robb]y4 ,mix$ view ( x 9 ! poems4 ,aga91 z to piracy1 x by no means appe>s t x 0 att5d$ ) respect1 nor is ! language ( ! poems q uni=m reg>d+ x4 ,9 ! ( ! ,tw5ty-f\r? ,odyssey1 & also 9 t ( ! ,elev5?1 ! %ade ( ,agamemnon calls freeboot]s ( ?is description #hdh4 ,! ,cretan piracy ( ! pseudo-,ulysses 9 ,egypt is m5tion$ z an act ( 1 an outrage des]v$ly puni%$ by ,jupit]#hdi4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,greek trade1 l ,phnician1 embrac$ kidnapp+4 ,at lea/ ! ,taphians c>ri$ away f h] c\ntry ! ,phnician nurse1 :o 9 h] turn c>ri$ (f ! "y ,eumu4 #hdh ,od4 xxiv4 #aaa4 #hdi ,od4 xiv4 #bfb4 ,^u ! :ole1 aft] all[+ lib]ally = ! mascul9e "* & r$undant en]gies ( ! ,hell5ic p1 we %all be/ expla9 _! fav\rable view ( piracy by rememb]+ ! ne> relation x !n bore bo? to w>1 :i* we "k may be j & hon\rable1 z well z to trade1 :i* we reg>d z 9 itself bo? innoc5t & b5eficial4 ,s9ce ,hom]'s "t ! "* ( w> has be5 s(t5$1 & t ( trade has be5 elevat$1 almo/ immeasurably2 :ile t ( piracy has be5 l[]$2 h5ce !re is n[ a wide gulf1 :]e !re 0 !n sc>cely ev5 a seam disc]nible2 & ,hom] might h sung ! expressive words ( ,g! 9 ,fau/1 ,krieg1 ,h&el1 und ,pirat]ie ,dreie9ig s9d sie1 ni*t zu tr5n54 ,we may also1 ,i ?9k1 f9d among ! ,greeks a t5d5cy to family feuds1 beyond c]ta9 limits1 ( :i* ! poems d n af=d any in/ance on ! ,trojan side4 ,( ^!1 two h already be5 notic$ among ! homicides4 ,m$on kills 8 fa!r's wife's k9sman4 ,tlepolemus kills 8 gr&-uncle4 ,b also ,phnix = a qu>rel flies f 8 fa!r's home & settles 9 ,dolopia4 ,phyleus1 ! fa!r ( ,meges1 = a simil> reason migrates to ,duli*ium#hej4 ,eury/heus1 z ! great gr&son ( ,jupit]1 is ( reput$ k9 to ,h]cules 8 son2 b p]secutes him ?r\gh life ) ! imposition ( cruel & endless toils4 ,meleag] has a fi]ce feud ) 8 family1 :i* is recit$ by ,phnix z a w>n+ to ,a*illes4 ,bell]ophon is expell$ f ,greece by a family qu>rel4 gi/hus himself is ! c\s9 ( ,agamemnon4 #hej ,il4 ii4 #fbi4 ,z ) families1 s ) communities4 ,! pre-,troic leg5ds are almo/ inv>iably leg5ds ( ! int]nal raids & w>s ( ,greece4 ,!y 7 a p ( ! /rong & ! r$ h&1 m>vell\sly comb9$ ) high ref9em5t1 true love ( art & song1 & an unexampl$ political g5ius4 ,b al?\gh ! ,hom]ic age _h n ceas$ to be z yet an age ( viol5ce1 x 0 z f> z possible f be+ "o m>k$ by a g5]al sway ei!r ( unbridl$ appetite1 or ( ungov]nable passion2 & if x is sometimes mi/ak5ly suppos$ to h borne ?is "*1 ! appe>ances :i* produce ! illusion are due only to ! fact1 t vice ( all k9ds !n w5t /raight =w>d to its "w1 & _h n yet le>n$1 9 ! s*ool ( ! wisdom ( ?is _w1 h[ mu* x might ga9 f me?od1 ord]1 & res]ve4 ,temp]ance 9 ! h]oic age4 ,we h ample signs ( t reg>d = temp]ance1 bodily z well z m5tal1 :i* ,hom] unit$ ) 8 ?or\ghly convivial _s4 ,by ! m\? ( ,ulysses1 he repreh5ds ev5 t mild =m ( excess 9 w9e :i* does no m ?an promote g>rulity 7,od4 xiv4 #dfc-f74 ,:5 ! ,greeks 7 ab\t to suff] great calamities on _! return1 he makes !m proce$ 9 a /ate ( drunk5ness to ! ,assembly#hea4 ,:5 ,elp5or dies by an accid5tal fall1 he assigns drunk5ness z ! cause1 & takes c>e to in=m u t he 0 "y1 & nei!r valiant nor s5sible#heb4 ,ulysses enc\rages ! brutal ,polyphemus to dr9k1 ) a view to 8 own lib]ation4 ,& ! proce$+s ( ! mon/]1 :5 intoxicat$1 are c]ta9ly m revolt+ ?an ^? ( ,/ephano1 if n ?an ^? ( ,caliban1 9 ! ,tempe/4 ,aga91 ?\gh x is c]ta9ly true1 t ! mo/ vivid d5unciation ( excess 9 liquor to be f\nd ?r\gh\t ! poems is put into ! m\? ( ! ,suitor ,ant9\s#hec1 yet ,i ?9k x 0 pla9ly meant to be accept$ z spok5 9 e>ne/1 & z express+ ! s5se ( ,hom]4 ,w9e1 we ?us le>n1 caus$ ! ,c5taur ,eurytion to lose 8 e>s & nose4 ,9 no s+le case does ! ,poet p]mit liquor to act 9 ! slighte/ degree ^u ! self-possession ( 8 h]oes1 or ( any "* :om he e/eems2 or repres5t !m z ei!r do+1 or leav+ undone1 any act ?r\gh excess 9 dr9k#hed4 ,! only allusion to its influ5ce1 9 connection ) a practical result1 is "o v fa9t1 & p]fectly innoc5t4 ,x is :51 dissatisfaction hav+ prevail$ among ! ,grecian k+s & army1 z we see f ! spee* ( ,diom$1 ,ne/or recomm5ds ,agamemnon to treat 8 ,c\ncil to a supp]1 be=e proce$+ to obta9 _! advice2 & obs]ves to him1 t he c readily d x1 = he has w9e & all o!r provision 9 abundance4 ,! int5tion app>5tly is to lay ! gr\nd = concord1 n 9 excess1 nor ev5 "h 9 hil>ity1 b at lea/ 9 amicable hum\r#hee4 ,to ! ,immortals1 inde$1 x is conc$$ to abide at ! banquet = ! livelong day1 b n to m52 = ! pseudo-,m5tor obs]ves to ,ne/or 9 ! ,?ird ,odyssey1 t x is n seemly to sit long at ! sacr$ 7t is1 regul> & public7 fea/#hef4 #hea ,od4 iii4 #aci4 #heb ,od4 x4 #eeb-fj4 xi4 #fa4 #hec ,od4 xxi4 #bic-cjd4 #hed ,ev5 ,scott1 "o ( ! mo/ ref9$1 z well z greate/1 among imag9ative writ]s1 once all[s 8 h]o to commit himself grossly 9 po9t ( mann]s1 "u ! influ5ce ( intoxication4 ,x is 9 ,rob ,roy 7*ap4 xii471 at ,osbaldi/on ,h\se4 #hee ,il4 ix4 #fi4 #hef ,od4 iii4 #cce4 ,x is mu* to be regrett$ t ,horace1 :o 9 _m cases has %[n himself an accurate read] ( ,hom]1 has 9 ?is po9t grossly mi/ak5 him3 ,laudibus arguitur v9i v9osus ,hom]us#heg4 #heg ,hor4 ,ep4 i4 #ai1 #f4 ,& ?is summ>y "*1 un=tunately false1 has sav$ m5 ! tr\ble ( collect+ ! true "o f ! works ( ! ,poet himself4 ,self-control 9 ! h]oic age4 ,:5 we turn to ano!r =m ( temp]ance or self-gov]nm5t1 namely1 t :i* we call self-control1 we f9d x em95tly exemplifi$ among ,greeks4 ,x appe>s z a p]vad+ & national quality 9 t sil5ce on ! field ( battle1 :i* !y comb9$ ) su* an inw>d en]gy ( det]m9ation4 ,9 ,ulysses x is c>ri$ up to its p]fection4 ,p]haps ! only occasions on :i* he ev5 seems to relax x are ^? ( ! answ] to ,euryalus 9 ! ,eigh? ,odyssey1 & ! reply to ,agamemnon 9 ! ,f\r? ,iliad4 ,s mu*1 h[ev]1 ( emotion z he suff]s to escape him 9 ^? passages1 only s]ves to height5 ! effect ( 8 words1 n to make him deflect by "o jot or tittle1 ?\gh 9 und\bt$ w>m?1 f ! true rule ( reason4 ,b we f9d ?is quality n only develop$ p[]fully 9 a patt]n-man l ,ulysses2 x is also /rongly infus$ into su* a w>rior z ,diom$4 ,?is is prov$ by ! mann] 9 :i* he be>s#heh ! *id+ ( ,agamemnon on 8 r\nds1 & rebukes ,/h5elus = hav+ be5 provok$ into a petulant answ]4 ,at ! same "t x is highly illu/rative ( ! national "*1 t ?is "y & ard5t w>rior1 :o c\ld ?us be> a reprim& on ! field1 /or$ up ! recollection ( x )9 8 brea/3 & :51 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,n9? ,book1 ,agamemnon %[$ 8 own fa9t-he>t$ness by advis+ ! ab&onm5t ( ! ent]prise1 !n ,diom$1 hav+ wat*$ 8 opportunity1 recall$ ! circum/ances1 & quietly b effectively repli$ ^u ,agamemnon#hei4 ,nay m1 p]haps ! mo/ /rik+ pro( ( ! abundance ( ?is high quality among ! ,greeks is 9 ! v case :]e x is on ! :ole outmat*$ by ! passion t x ought to ma/]1 namely1 9 ! case ( ,a*illes4 ,!re is some?+ inde$ sublime 9 ! mann] 9 :i*1 _m times ov]1 :5 he feels ! tide ( wra? ris+ )9 him1 he eyes 8 own passion1 ev5 z a tig] is ey$ by its keep]1 & puts a spell ^u x1 s t x d>e n spr+4 ,?us x is1 :5 he p>leys ) himself on ! "q1 :e!r he %all end ! /rife ) ,agamemnon by slay+ him1 9 ! ,assembly ( ! ,fir/ ,book4 ,& ?us aga91 :5 he feels t ! words :i* ,priam has incauti\sly let drop are k9dl+ a flame :i*1 if fur!r f$1 w\ld consume ! ag$ & sorr[+ suppliant1 he is consci\s ( ! ris+ tempe/1 & be=e x has swoll5 to su* =ce z to di/urb 8 self-comm&1 he /]nly1 b yet n unk9dly1 bids him to desi/4 ,x is by try+ !m 9 m5tal conflicts l ^!1 t ,hom] %[s u ( :at mettle 8 ,greek k+s 7 made4 ,x w\ld be curi\s to draw out a li/ ( ! multitude ( words 9 :i* he describes1 "u e possible aspect1 ! p[] & habit ( self-control4 ,b p]haps "o ( 8 slighte/ is also "o ( 8 mo/ effective t\*es4 ,! applause ( ! ,greeks 9 _! ,assembly is always describ$ by a ^w diff]5t f t employ$ to describe ! v same indication ( feel+ by ! ,trojans4 ,he usually says ' = ! ,greeks3 = ! ,trojans x is 4 ,! ,greeks %\t =? _! en]getic approval3 ! ,trojans clatt]1 z if _! tongues c\ld n be> re/ra9t4 #heh ,il4 iv4 #daa-ah4 #hei ,il4 ix4 #cb-di4 ,yet we mu/ n suppose1 ei!r on acc\nt ( ! self-comm& ( ! ,greeks t !y 7 apa!tic1 or on acc\nt ( _! frequ5t homicides t !y 7 inhuman1 & savagely indiff]5t to ! infliction ( pa9 on _! fell[-creatures4 ,nei!r ! ,greeks nor ! ,trojans appe> to h be5 f]oci\s 9 ! treatm5t ( enemies4 ,! extreme po9t to :i* !y g is t ( giv+ no qu>t]3 b !y nev]1 ev5 9 ! exasp]ation ( battle1 inflict torture ) _! weapons4 ,! immolation ( twelve ,trojan y\?s ov] ! dead ,patroclus is d\btless cruel3 b x falls f> %ort ( :at ! passions ( w> h produc$ 9 o!r times & c\ntries4 ,) ! mann] ( inflict+ dea?1 passion nev] has to d4 ,savage ideas occasionally express$4 ,an inquiry1 h[ev]1 :i* seems to be mo/ curi\s1 is sugge/$ by ! passages 9 :i* ,hecuba wi%es t %e c\ld eat ,a*illes#hfj1 ,a*illes t he c\ld f9d x 9 8 he>t to dev\r ,hector#hfa2 & aga9 9 :i* ,jupit]#hfb sugge/s to ,juno1 t no?+ c\ld satiate h] spite aga9/ ,troy s well z if %e 7 to eat up ,priam & 8 :ole family4 ,= ! "q arises1 h[ is x t we f9d ^! rema9s ( ! wilde/ savag]y 9 company ) a ref9em5t ( mann]s & feel+1 :i* ! poems v frequ5tly exhibit1 & :i* ev5 rea*es 9 "s important po9ts to a degree nev] exce$$ 9 any c\ntry or any p]iod ( ! _w8 #hfj ,il4 xxiv4 #bab4 #hfa ,il4 xxii4 #cde-h4 #hfb ,il4 iv4 #ce4 ,! answ] ,i presume to be ?is3 t ! civilization ( ! ,greeks 9 ! h]oic age1 ?\gh z to ! m9d x 0 really a v high1 0 yet also a v "y civilisation4 ,its pa? 0 m>k$ & decid$1 b x _h n _h "t to travel f> f b>b>ism4 ,x 0 n safe by di/ance1 nor def5d$ by ! ramp>ts ( long tradition1 nor /r5g!n$ by ! =ce ( cont9u+ b5t1 & consolidat$ immemorial habit4 ,! ,hom]ic g5tleman1 ) 8 civilization1 /ood1 9 respect to b>b>ism1 l him :o voyages by sea1 digitis a morte remotus ,quatuor aut septem2 only ! ?ickness ( ! plank is betwe5 him & ! wild]ness :i* he has left3 & if passion makes a brea*1 ! mood ( ! wild bea/ reappe>s4 ,we may acc\nt = ! cannibali% obs]vation ( ,jupit] by ! fact t he has no self-control 9 ,hom]3 b t ( ,hecuba is to be acc\nt$ = on ! pr9ciple ,i h endeav\r$ to describe4 ,s x is ) ,a*illes3 & s1 too1 :5 ! wise ,ulysses1 slaught]+ ! wret*$ wom5 ( 8 h\sehold :o _h err$1 seems t+$ = once ) a flu% ( b>b>ism4 ,:5 we let loose ! tig] )9 u1 8 range is limit$ n by any =ce spr++ f our own w or *oice1 b by ! /rong dikes & b>ri]s ( social wont1 & by habits ( ?\ght z well z action1 :i* h be5 accumulat$ by ! long lab\rs ( _m successive g5]ations ( mank9d4 ,we h already#hfc notic$ some?+ t w well be> comp>ison ) ?is /ate ( ?+s 9 ! reports :i* are made to u respect+ mod]n ,p]sia1 ! cradle 9 all likelihood ( ! family ( ,a*illes4 #hfc ,a*is or ,e?nology1 sect4 x4 p4 #egj4 ,at ! same "t x is to be borne 9 m9d t ?is cannibalism1 ( :i* we h glimpses 9 ,hom]1 9 ! fir/ place 0 limit$1 ev5 9 speculation1 to enemies2 & 9 ! second place1 exi/$ 9 speculation only4 ,( ?is we h pretty /rong pro( f ! case ( ! crew ( ,ulysses 9 ! ,twelf? ,odyssey4 ,!y did n t\* ! ox5 ( ! ,sun1 until dea? f hung] />$ !m 9 ! face4 ,!n ,eurylo*us made a manful spee* on ! subject ( ! option be=e !m1 betwe5 dy+ on ! "o side1 & ! slaught] ( "s ( ! animals on ! o!r4 ,b ^? circum/ances ( ! la/ extremity1 to :i* !y 7 r$uc$1 7 ! v circum/ances 9 :i* ! =titude ev5 ( ,*ri/ians#hfd has giv5 way1 & ) respect to :i* no prud5t man d>es to pron\nce a judgm5t ^u p]sons t s succumb4 ,yet !re is n 9 ! case be=e u ! slighte/ h9t at a resort to ?is mo/ horrible rem$y4 #hfd ,! awful #8,ugol9o' ( ,dante ends ) ! l9e ,poscia pi *e 'l dolor pot 'l digiuno4 ,i am free to own t ,i _c dismiss f my m9d ! suspicion t :at ! poet means to convey to u 9 ^! d>kly veil$ expressions is ! dev\r+ ( ! wret*$ *ildr5 by _! p>5t4 7,inf]no1 xxxiii4 #ge47 ,n unfamili> to lat] ,greece4 ,besides ! circum/ance1 t 9 ,hom] ! cannibal dicta1 ab/ract$ly s %ock+1 are ! m]e words ( phr5si$ passion1 & t !re are no correspond+ acts1 we h to obs]ve t ! ,poet is nev] f\nd exhibit+ ! s5tim5t ( joy 9 connection ) ! positive infliction ( suff]+ ^u an enemy4 ,x 0 by no means s among ! lat] ,greeks4 ,too _m in/ances might1 inde$1 be suppli$ ( ! increase ( cruelty ) ! lapse ( "t4 ,hom]1 aga91 has n[h]e made woman to be ev5 ! sorr[+ m9i/] ( ju/ice3 z if he felt t !re 0 a radical incompatibility betwe5 ! prop] g5tl5ess ( h] nature1 & ! use ( ! sword ( puni%m5t4 ,b 9 ! ,hecuba ( ,euripides1 aft] ! ag$ matron1 exasp]at$ by ! trea*]\s murd] ( h] son ,polydorus1 has put to dea? ! two *ildr5 ( ! assass9 ,polyme/or1 & has likewise put out 8 eyes1 he addresses to h] ^! words 7v4 #abcc71 ' '1 & %e1 no way %r9k+ f ! imputation1 replies 1 2 ,9 "o place ,hom] has tak5 an opportunity ( %[+ u1 :at he ?9ks ( ! pr9ciple ( exultation ov] fall5 enemies4 ,:5 ,euryclea is ab\t to %\t ov] ! fall5 ,suitors1 ,ulysses1 ?\gh he has n yet end$ ! bloody "w ( retribution1 gravely *ecks h]4 #8,x is wrong1' he says1 #8to exult ov] ! sla94 ,^! m5 h be5 ov]tak5 by div9e provid5ce1 & by _! own p]v]se de$s3 = !y reg>d$ no human be+1 noble or vile1 ) :om !y _h to d3 :]e=e !y h mis]ably p]i%$ 9 _! wick$ness4' ,! :ole tone & language ( ?is rebuke1 s grave & e>ne/ z x is1 & m sad ev5 ?an x is /]n1 is wor?y ( any moral code t ! _w has kn[n4 ,wra? 9 ,ulysses & 9 ,a*illes4 ,!re is inde$ a t]rible sev]ity 9 ! proce$+s ( ,ulysses aga9/ ! ,suitors1 ! wom51 & 8 rebelli\s subjects4 ,b x is pla9 t ! case1 :i* ,hom] _h to repres5t1 0 "o t requir$ ! h]o to effect some?+ l a reconque/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is also pla9 t ,hom] felt t ^! /]n measures w\ld require a v /rong w>rant4 ,h5ce )\t d\bt x is1 t ! prep>ations = ! crisis are s elaborate2 ! insults (f]$ to ! disguis$ ma/] ( ! palace s aggravat$2 & ! direct ag5cy ( ,m9]va introduc$ to deep5 8 suff]+s4 ,h5ce1 aga91 :5 ! inc5s$ w>rior is ab\t to pursue ) m>tial ard\r ! fly+ insurg5ts1 8 eag]ness is mildly m>k$ z excessive1 & is effectually *eck$ by ! fri5dly b decisive int]v5tion ( ,jupit]4 ,"s critics h object$ to ?is passage1 & h argu$ t x c\ld n be g5u9e4 ,!y surely mu/ =get1 t ,hom] does n seek to pres5t u 9 8 protagoni/s ) a faultlessness :i* w\ld h c>ri$ !m out ( ! sph]e1 su* z x 0 conceiv$ by him & by 8 age1 ( life ei!r div9e or human4 ,bo? ,ulysses & ,a*illes may err4 ,b :]e !y err1 x is 9 measure & degree4 ,ulysses is ! m9i/] ( public ju/ice1 & ( div9e retribution4 ,b he is compos$1 l ourselves1 ( fle% & blood1 & he c>ries 8 righte\s (fice1 9 a natural heat1 to ! v]ge ( cruelty4 ,!n ! w>n+ voice is v\*saf$ to him1 & he at once dutifully obeys4 ,& is1 !n1 a ?+ l ?is s new & /range to u8 ,& has nei!r our philosophy nor our exp]i5ce ( life taught u t !re are no circum/ances1 9 :i* a good & j man runs s s]i\s a risk ( becom+ h>% & cruel unaw>es1 z :5 he is hurri$ along by ! torr5t ( an orig9ally righte\s indignation8 ,ev5 s ) ,a*illes4 ,he is1 no m ?an ,ulysses1 m]ely v5geful1 b he res5ts a wrong done to ju/ice1 to dec5cy1 & to love1 9 8 p]son4 ,^u ! /ream ( ?is res5tm5t he is c>ri$1 until x ?reat5s to become a torr5t4 ,!n1 by an admirable design1 he is *a/is$ 9 ! yet deep] passion ( 8 s\l1 8 fri5d%ip = ,patroclus2 & s is recall$ )9 ! b\nds ( 8 duty to 8 suff]+ c\ntrym54 ,b 9 bo? cases ! f\ndation ( conduct is j & s\nd3 by nei!r is any sanction giv5 to ! pr9ciple :i* ! ,gospel rebukes1 #8an eye = an eye1 & a too? = a too?4' ,= a wrong done to pr9ciples ( public morality & ju/ice is 9 ea* case alike ! ?+ *iefly res5t$1 al?\gh 9 ea* case ! p]son :o res5ts x is also a p]son t _h greatly suff]$ by x4 ,aga91 we %\ld misund]/& ,hom]'s picture ( ! ,greek "*1 if we conceiv$ t he left no room 9 x = ^? accesses ( emotion1 ) respect to :i* x may be difficult to say :e!r !y contribut$ mo/ to its /r5g? or its weakness1 :ile x seems cle> t !y are 9 ne> association ) bo?4 ,! ,poet's int5tion does n oblige him to place 8 protagoni/s beyond ! rea* ( human infirmity1 z we see 9 ! /ubborn wra? ( ,a*illes1 & 9 ! awak5$ ke5ness ( ,ulysses = ! blood ( 8 rebelli\s subjects#hfe4 ,& ?\gh he nev] exhibits !m z vici\s1 /ill1 9 ! case ( ,ulysses1 z well z 9 t ( ,a*illes1 he has introduc$ into 8 picture great quickness ( temp]1 :i* is inde$ ne>ly1 ?\gh n necess>ily1 connect$ ) s5sitiv5ess ( hon\r4 ,on two occasions 9 p>ticul> is ?is obs]vable3 9 ! %>p answ]s namely ( ,ulysses1 fir/ to ,agamemnon1 :o on 8 circuit accuses him ( remissness 9 milit>y duty#hff2 & secondly to ! ( ,euryalus#hfg1 :o has tak5 him = a or m]*ant1 & a rogue to boot4 #hfe ,od4 xxiv4 #ebf1 #cg4 #hff ,il4 iv4 #cej4 #hfg ,od4 viii4 #ahe1 #afb4 ,! ,dome/ic affections4 ,! po9t 9 :i* ! e?ical tone ( ! h]oic age /&s highe/ ( all is1 p]haps1 ! /r5g? ( ! dome/ic affections4 ,a m>k$ indication ( ! p[] ( ?is pr9ciple among mank9d is to be f\nd 9 its preval5ce ev5 among ! ,olympian deities4 ,= its appe>ance !re has no relation to div9e attributes prop]ly s call$2 x is /rictly a "p ( ! my?ology2 a s5tim5t copi$ f ! human he>t & life1 & transf]r$ to ^! inv5tive or idealiz$ =mations4 ,inde$ we always f9d x 9 connection ) t 9 :i* !y are mo/ human1 namely1 ! indulg5ce ( _! s5sual passions1 & ! results ( t indulg5ce 9 _! human prog5y4 ,x is n1 !re=e1 among ! high] or traditive deities t we f9d ! s5tim5t2 x does n exi/ 9 ,apollo or ,m9]va1 ^: love is always ( a diff]5t k9d1 & is gr\nd$ 9 ! gifts or "* ( ! p]son :o is ! object ( x1 z = in/ance1 ! great ,ulysses#hfh1 or1 9 a small] sph]e1 ! skilful ,ph]eclus1 :o built ! %ips ( ,p>is#hfi4 ,x is 9 ,jupit] ov] ,s>p$on1 9 ,neptune = ! bl9dness ( 8 brutal son ,polyphemus1 9 ,m>s ov] ,ascalaphus1 9 ,v5us ab\t neas2 & ^! two la/ are ! two deities ^: e?ical & intellectual /&>d is ! l[e/ ( all#hgj4 #hfh ,od4 iii4 #bba4 #hfi ,il4 v4 #ei4 #hgj ,il4 xvi4 #dca1 #ei4 ,od4 i4 #fh-ga4 ,il4 xv4 #aae2 & ,il4 v4 #caa-ag4 ,:5 we come d[n to e>?1 we f9d ! s5tim5t /rong ev]y:]e4 ,among ! ,trojan royal family1 :]e !re is b little s5se ( ! high] p>ts ( morality1 ?is feel+ is int5se alike ) ,priam & ) ,hecuba4 ,! latt] is n passionate1 %e is #hga4 ,yet on ! dea? ( ,hector we see h] become a tigress1 & wi% %e c\ld dev\r ! conqu]or#hgb4 ,ulysses *ooses = ! title by :i* he w\ld be kn[n t ( ! ,fa!r ( ,telema*us#hgc4 ,x is true inde$ t1 !n z n[1 ! imp]i\sness ( bodily wants made itself felt2 & x 0 !n m +5u\sly ackn[l$g$4 ,h5ce ,telema*us1 atta*$ to 8 fa!r1 :5 he expla9$ ! d\ble cause ( 8 grief & c>e to ! ,i?acan assembly1 fir/ nam$ ! dea? or abs5ce ( 8 fa!r1 b !n proclaim$ z ! *ief matt]1 ! cont9u+ wa/e & ?reat5$ de/ruction ( 8 prop]ty#hgd3 #hga ,il4 vi4 #bea4 #hgb ,il4 xxiv4 #bab4 #hgc ,il4 ii4 #bfj4 #hgd ,od4 ii4 #dh4 ' 1 ' 4 ,& ! gi/ ( 8 compla9t aga9/ ! ,suitors 01 n _! urg+ ,p5elope to m>ry1 b _! liv+ ^u him :ile prosecut+ ! suit#hge4 ,b !n ?is is a fa!r1 :om he has nev] kn[n or consci\sly se54 ,! ,%ade ( ,a*illes 9 ! ne!r _w is anxi\s ^u "o subject3 x is t he may "k if old ,peleus is /ill held 9 hon\r4 ,9 ano!r he is also deeply int]e/$2 x is ! val\r ( 8 son3 & ! gloom ( 8 *ill exi/5ce is bright5$ into an exult+ joy1 :5 he le>ns t ,neoptolemus is great 9 fight#hgf4 ,! "m ( ,ulysses di$ nei!r ( disease nor ( old age1 b ( a brok5 he>t = ! abs5ce ( h] son#hgg4 ,b ! mo/ signal pro( ( ! p[] ( ! in/9ct is 9 its hold ^u ! self-c5tr$ "* ( ,agamemnon1 :i*1 z a g5]al rule1 leaves no room 9 8 ?\ghts = any?+1 except policy alone1 t lies beyond ! range ( 8 p]sonal prop5sities & especially 8 appetite = weal?4 ,b :5 ! gallant ,m5elaus1 a%am$ ( ! sil5ce ( 8 c\ntrym51 accepts ! *all5ge ( ,hector#hgh1 ,agamemnon seizes him by ! h&1 & besee*es him n to run s t]rible a haz>d4 ,& aga91 9 ! 1 :5 ,diom$ has to select a companion1 ,agamemnon1 9 dread le/ 8 *oice %\ld fall on ,m5elaus1 desires him to take n ! man ( highe/ rank1 b ! mo/ valiant & effective companion = an ent]prise ( s critical a k9d4 ,8 motive 0 appreh5sion = ! safety ( 8 bro!r#hgi3 #hge ,ibid4 #ej & seqq4 #hgf ,od4 xi4 #did1 #ech4 #hgg ,od4 xi4 #aih-bjc4 #hgh ,il4 vii4 #ib-aai4 #hgi ,il4 x4 #bcd-dj4 '1 4 ,! w> too is full ( ! mo/ pleas+ in/ances ( atta*m5t betwe5 bro!rs2 ,ajax & ,teuc]1 ,glaucus & ,s>p$on1 & _m o!r in/ances less illu/ri\s1 might be quot$4 ,x is ! sad end ( ,polydorus :i* at ! la/ works up ,hector into ! mo/ d>+ h]oism2 & aga9 9 ! ,odyssey1 ! advantage is set =? ( hav+ bro!rs1 :o def5d a man :ile he is liv+1 & av5ge him :5 he is dead#hhj4 #hhj ,od4 viii4 #ehe1 xxiv4 #dcd1 & xvi4 #ig1 #aae-ba4 ,& h5ce x is t1 ev5 ?\gh ,greeks 7 hot ( head & ready ( h&1 we f9d no in/ance :]e1 9 consequ5ce ( a broil1 "o memb] ( a family inflicts viol5ce or dea? ^u ano!r ( ! same h\sehold4 ,! horrible idea ( p>ricide1 & ! execration ) :i* public op9ion w\ld br& su* a crime1 re/ra9 ,phnix at ! v height ( 8 passion f lay+ h&s ^u 8 fa!r#hha3 #hha ,il4 ix4 #dfa4 ' 4 ,directly t we pass beyond ! h\sehold & its affections int]tw9$ by habit1 ! aspect ( ! case alt]s4 ,out ( six in/ances ( unprem$itat$ homicide 9 ,hom]1 ?ree#hhb are committ$ ^u relations by blood or by aff9ity1 ?\gh n v ne> ones4 ,m$on1 ! ba/>d ( ,oileus1 kills a relation ( ! lawful wife4 ,tlepolemus ! son ( ,h]cules kills 8 gr&-uncle ,licymnius4 ,epeigeus ( ,budeum kills 8 c\s94 #hhb ,il4 xiii4 #fie-g4 ii4 #feh-gj4 xvi4 #eg4 ,relation%ips close1 n wide4 ,?is m>k$ l9e ( di/9ction1 betwe5 ! homicides ( crime & ! homicides ( mis=tune1 illu/rates ano!r po9t 9 ! /ructure ( ,greek society4 ,relation%ips d n appe> to h be5 reckon$ by !m z subsi/+ beyond a r n>r[ range4 ,we _c trace any def9$ idea ( k9 m remote ?an ! fir/ c\s94 ,! lexicograph]s treat ! t]m z capable ( a wid] s5se2 b ! only individuals nam$ z by ,hom]1 ^: relation%ips we c foll[1 are fir/ c\s9s3 namely1 ,caletor son ( ,clytius1 & ,dolops son ( ,lampus1 bo? fir/ c\s9s ( ,hector#hhc4 ,!re are also p]sons nam$ 9 ! poems1 ^: consangu9ity we c trace1 :ile x is n[h]e notic$ by ! ,poet3 = in/ance1 ,eumelus is fir/ c\s91 once remov$1 to ,ne/or4 ,priam & ,an*ises are second c\s9s3 neas & ,hector ?ird4 ,^! relation%ips are nev] ref]r$ to4 ,?us !n society is n arrang$ 9 clans1 b 9 tribes1 unit$ by ! g5]al s5se ( a common "n1 a common abode1 a common hi/ory1 a common religion1 & a remote s5se ( a common tribal /ock1 )\t any s5se ( p]sonal aff9ity 9 ea* individual case4 ,aga91 x is curi\s to obs]ve t ! x5ial relation 0 n less vivaci\s ?an t ( blood4 ,! tie ( blood subsi/s 9 ! second g5]ation f ! common ance/or2 & ,diom$ & ,glaucus simil>ly own "o ano!r z 1 because two g5]ations be=e neus _h ent]ta9$ ,bell]ophon#hhd4 #hhc ,il4 xv4 #dai1 #bb2 #ebe1 #ed4 #hhd ,il4 vi4 #bae4 ,purity 9 ! h]oic age4 ,! elevat$ & free social position ( womank9d 9 ! ,hom]ic times ( itself implies a great purity ( ideas respect+ !m4 ,?is subject1 h[ev]1 w receive a sep>ate discussion4 ,!re is a passage ( ,a!nu :i* conveys to u a tradition ( no ord9>y beauty1 & effectually sev]s = u ideas & objects :i* only a corrupt bias has associat$4 ,he tells u t ,z5o ( ,citium#hhe1 :atev] ! practice ( ! ,/oic lead] may h be51 conceiv$ ( 1 ! ,god ( ,love1 z a deity ( fri5d%ip1 lib]ty1 concord1 & public happ9ess1 & ( no?+ else4 ,s likewise 8 antecessors 9 philosophy taught t ?is deity 0 z a be+ p]fectly pure3 4 ,?is idea took refuge 9 ! ,v5us 1 ! opposite "o 9 ! 1 or promiscu\s#hhf4 ,9 ! lat] ages ( ,greece1 ! di/9ction ( ^! two *>act]s "o f ! o!r feebly liv$ on3 b !re 0 no subjective basis = ! sep>ate exi/5ce ( ! =m]1 & x 0 practically eclips$1 if n absorb$4 ,! true sev]ance ( ! ideas probably 0 effect$ be=e ! "t ( ,hom]2 & !y 7 lodg$ 9 sep>ate imp]sonations4 ,! effective =m ( ! ,cele/ial ,v5us is to be s\ght mo/ probably 9 ,diana1 ?\gh x 0 natural = ,plato & ! philosoph]s to keep alive ! memory ( ! di/9ction by way ( apology = ! popul> religion4 ,! traces ( ?is un/a9$ conception 7 9 lat] times only to be f\nd 9 ! sph]e ( art1 & 7 ev5 !re n always visible3 b 9 ! ,hom]ic poems1 & probably 9 ! ,hom]ic p]iod1 ?is purity ( admir+ s5tim5t t[>ds beautiful =m appe>s to h be5 a liv+ reality4 #hhe ,a!n4 b4 xiii4 c4 xii4 p4 #ef4 #hhf ,dll+]1 ,heid4 u4 ,jud4 ,,ii4 ii4 #da4 ,plato ,sympos4 #h4 7#ahj ,c47 ,our inquiry on ?is subject mu/ h ref]5ce p>tly to ! ,poet1 & p>tly to 8 p]iod & nation4 ,i w fir/ deal ) ! po9ts :i* h a be>+ ^u ! age z well z ! b>d3 & w !reaft] subjo9 :at appe>s to t\* ,hom] only4 ,lay ( ! ,net ( ,vulcan4 ,let u comm5ce1 !n1 by consid]+ t "o & only case1 9 ! :ole compass ( tw5ty-eight ?\s& l9es1 :i* might lead to an opposite conclusion3 ! case ( ! second ,lay ( ,demodocus1 or ! adult]y ( ,m>s & ,v5us#hhg4 #hhg ,od4 viii4 #bff-cff4 ,( c\rse x is impossible to ju/ify ?is s+le passage ^u its own m]its3 b !re are _m circum/ances t ought to be borne 9 m9d by ^? :o wi% to =m an accurate judgm5t ^u x 9 its connection ) ! morals ei!r ( ! ,poet himself1 or ( ! age to :i* he belong$4 ,( ^! ! mo/ important1 9 my view1 is ! t5d5cy :i* ! ,pagan religion already p[]fully %[$ to become itself ! positive corrupt] ( morality1 or1 to speak p]haps m accurately1 to af=d ! m$ium1 ?r\gh :i* ! =ces ( evil & ! d[nw>d incl9ation w\ld pr9cipally act = ! purpose ( deprav+ x4 ,ev5 9 ,hom]'s "t1 ! exi/+ my?ology conta9$ ample w>rant = ! sc5e ( indulg5ce "h laid b>e2 & we see ! rema9+ mode/y & delicacy ( mank9d feebly resi/+ ! torr5t ( passion1 :i* ought to h be5 c\nt]act$1 b :i*1 on ! contr>y1 0 pr9cipally swoll5 & impell$1 by ! ag5cy ( ! ackn[l$g$ religion ( ! c\ntry4 ,x 0 impossible = ,hom] to be altoge!r above ! op]ation ( influ5ces s closely alli$ ) an orig9 believ$ to be cele/ial3 nor c\ld x be easy = ! popul> ,poet :olly to disreg>d ! ta/es ( 8 he>]s3 ! ,poet1 ^: /ra9s swept ov] ! :ole height & dep? ( life & nature1 bo? human & div9e1 c\ld n absolutely %ut out f 8 encyclopdic survey s m>k$ a *>act]i/ic ( ,olympian habits4 ,he has n omitt$ to m>k z peculi>1 9 m ways ?an "o1 ! lic5ce he has assum$4 ,! lay is sung 9 an assembly att5d$ by m5 only3 & x purports also to describe a sc5e1 f :i* ! goddesses int5tionally kept away4 ,! amusem5t ( ! deities pres5t is n univ]sal3 ,neptune1 ! s5ior "o among !m1 does n laugh#hhh1 b takes ! matt] gravely1 & desires to put an end to ! sc&al1 by promis+ to make to ! injur$ husb& a pecuni>y rep>ation#hhi4 ,he evid5tly appe>s to act "u an impulse ( (f5d$ dignity at lea/1 ?\gh n ( mode/y4 ,aga91 ! ,poet endeav\rs to give a ridicul\s air1 n only a laughable "o1 to ! :ole proce$+1 ?r\gh ! extreme mortification ( ! guilty p]sons2 :o1 :5 releas$1 are made to disappe> 9 real dismay & discomfiture#hij4 ,9 ?is po9t he altoge!r diff]s1 und\bt$ly1 f ! g5]ality ( ! writ]s ( lic5ti\s pieces1 z mat]ially z he does 9 ! simplicity ( 8 details2 & t supposition ( a p>tially moral aim on :i* "s h v5tur$1 is n s extravagant z to des]ve total & absolute rejection4 #hhh ,! translation 9 ,pope's ,odyssey1 :i* 9 ! mo/ mat]ial p>ts has a m highly *>g$ col\r+ ?an ! ,greek orig9al1 "h rev]ses ! s5se4 ,hom] says ,neptune did n laugh1 3 ,pope says1 #8ev5 ,neptune laughs al\d4' ,pope's "w is a great "w3 b x is n a good r5d]+1 nor a bad r5d]+1 ( ,hom]3 x is no r5d]+ at all4 ,od4 viii4 #bdd4 #hhi ,od4 viii4 #cdg1 #cef4 #hij ,od4 viii4 #cfa1 #b4 ,x has be5 common to employ1 9 v9dication ( ,hom]1 ! supposition t ! passage is spuri\s4 ,!re is some?+ r m m>k$ 9 ! p]sonal ag5cy ( ! ,sun ?an ! poems else:]e pres5t2 & und\bt$ly ,apollo is made to assume a tone :olly s+ul>1 & unsupport$ by :at is told ( him 9 ! re/ ( ! poems4 ,^! are argum5ts1 s f> z !y g1 aga9/ x4 ,b ,i d n v5ture to adopt ?is allur+ exp$i5t3 = ! g5]al "* ( ! col\r+1 diction1 & incid5ts1 appe>s to be ,hom]ic en\gh4 ,& aga91 if lic5ti\sness 0 to come 91 ?is 0 exactly ! way = its entrance1 because x 0 aft] a banquet2 because x 0 among m5 exclusively1 & n 9 ! pres5ce ( wom52 because ( ! connection ) my?ology2 & because ! tale is ?or\ghly 9 keep+ ) ! my?ological "* ( ! p]sonages *iefly conc]n$4 ,! direct ref]5ce h[ev] ( ! evil to ! influ5ce ( a p]v]t$ religion c be support$ by di/9ct evid5ce f o!r p>ts ( ! poems4 ,9 ! ,iliad !re appe> to be b two passages1 :i* c fairly be t]m$ indelicate4 ,"o is ! acc\nt ( ! proce$+ ( ,juno1 ) ! accompany+ spee* ( ,jupit]1 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,book#hia4 ,?is relation belongs /rictly to ! my?ology ( ! poem1 & x is evid5tly h&l$ 9 an hi/orical mann]2 = ,jupit]'s details1 at lea/ z x seems to me1 are introduc$ = ! purpose ( fix+ anci5t national leg5ds1 z mu* z ! /ories ( ,ne/or & ,phnix4 ,! o!r passage is t1 :i* 9 a few words conta9s ! s5sual advice giv5 by ,!tis1 z a "m1 to h] son ,a*illes 9 8 grief1 by way ( com=t2 #hia ,il4 xiv4 #cab-bh4 #cdf-ec4 '#hib4 #hib ,il4 xxiv4 #acj4 ,?is precisely exemplifies ! relation ( :i* ,i speak4 ,! deity tea*es ! debas$ lesson3 ! human h]o passes by ! recomm5dation 9 sil5ce4 ,hom] w\ld h put no su* language z ?is into ! m\? ( "o ( 8 matrons4 ,:5 we come to pass s5t5ce ^u ,hom]1 we mu/ rememb] t1 s9ce 9 ! ,odyssey he repres5ts ! comic z well z ! s]i\s side ( life1 he ought 9 ju/ice to be fir/ comp>$ ) 8 successors4 ,& "h we n only %all f9d he ga9s by ! comp>ison ) ,ari/ophanes or ) ,horace1 b t he ga9s yet mu* m :5 tri$ by ! /&>d ( ! o!r great s*ool ( poets :i* foll[$ him 9 associat+ h]oic subjects ) wit & ) amusem5t1 namely1 ! poets ( ! ,italian romance4 ,!re is h>dly1 p]haps1 "o ( t :ole s*ool ( ,*ri/ian writ]s1 :o has n desc5d$ to lic5ti\sness ( f> m malignant type4 ,nor let x be suppos$ t ! neid %[s 9 ?is respect any sup]iority 9 ,virgil or 9 8 he>]s4 ,z to ,virgil1 & z to 8 poems1 if we take ! :ole ( !m into view1 ,i am afraid t :atev] ! veil ( words may d1 ! case 0 9 reality bad en\gh3 z to ! he>]s ( ! neid1 we mu/ rememb] t !y 7 n a p1 b a c\rt3 we mu/ comp>e 8 ,roman auditors ) ! he>]s ( ,hom]1 n z to t p>ticul> only ( _! public amusem5ts1 b z to ! :ole2 t is1 we mu/ comp>e ! ,hom]ic poems n ) ! neid alone1 b ) ! neid & ! ,floralia4 ,9 ,hom]'s "t1 m5 _h n le>n$ to scre5 _! vices beh9d walls :i* also s]ve to =tify !m4 ,& x /ill rema9s m ?an d\btful :e!r ! appetite ( ,hom]ic ,greece w\ld h endur$ ! g>bage on :i* ,*ri/ian ,flor5ce 0 cont5t to fe$1 dur+ its c>nivals1 9 ! p]iod ( its mo/ fam\s civilization4 ,evid5ce ( comp>ative purity4 ,f ?is sc5e let u turn to consid] ! evid5ce = ass]t+ ! comp>ative purity ( ,hom]'s age1 & ! peculi> purity ( 8 m9d4 #b4 ,we f9d 9 ,hom] no trace :atev] ( ! exi/5ce ( ^? unnatural vices1 :i* appe> to h deeply ta9t$ ! lives ( _m ( ! mo/ em95t ,greeks ( lat] days#hic2 :i* drew d[n ! bla/+ s5t5ce ( ,/4 ,paul#hid2 :i* 9 e>ly times _h be5 visit$ on ! ,cities ( ! pla92 & :i*1 x is no less /range ?an horrible to ?9k1 h left _! m>k ^u m ?an "o p]iod or portion ev5 ( ! lit]ature ( ,*ri/5dom1 9 a mann] & degree su* z mu/ excite sc>cely less ( surprise ?an %ame4 #hic ,a!nu1 b4 xiii4 c4 #gg-hd4 #hid ,rom4 i4 #bd-g4 ,! seizure ( ,ganym$es became 9 lat] times ! basis ( a tradition ( ?is k9d3 b !re is n a trace ( x 9 ,hom]4 ,! int5se love & admiration ( beauty to :i* 8 pages be> con/ant witness is :olly disconnect$ f animal passions1 & 9 its simplicity & e>ne/ness is1 = its comb9$ purity & /r5g?1 really ne>] ! feel+ ( "s ( ! e>ly ,italian pa9t]s1 & ( ,dante1 ?an any ?+ else ,i c recall4 ,?is is ! m rem>kable :5 we be> 9 m9d :at _h already1 & long be=e 8 "t1 happ5$ 9 ! ,ea/1 & is record$ = u 9 ! ,book ( ,g5esis4 ,hom] mo/ r>ely alludes to :at is unbecom+ 9 ! human =m3 9 ! case ( woman n once1 & 9 ! case ( m5 only :]e he has a legitimate & suffici5t purpose4 ,?us :5 ,ulysses#hie ?reat5s to /rip ,!rsites to ! sk9 9 ! ev5t ( 8 repeat+ 8 turbul5ce & insol5ce1 x is pla9ly ) an hone/ view to inflict ^u him ! la/ extremity ( %ame1 & to make him an object ( g5]al & :olly unmix$ disgu/4 ,aga91 :5 ,priam ref]s to ! likelihood t 8 own body may be /ripp$ nak$1 & !n mangl$ by animals aft] 8 dea?1 e "o feels t ! insult to natural dec5cy1 :i* he anticipates1 contributes only to enhance ! agony ( 8 feel+s4 ,& ! sc5e 9 ! ,odyssey1 :]e ,ulysses em]ges f ! sea ^u ! coa/ ( ,s*]ia1 w always be reg>d$ z "o ( ! mo/ c>eful1 & yet mo/ simple & unaffect$1 examples ( true mode/y conta9$ 9 ! :ole circle ( lit]ature4 ,n[ ^! appe> to be1 n peculi>ities1 b samples ( ! g5]al mann]s4 ,we %\ld look 9 va9 = ! pro(s ( an equal tru? & f95ess ( p]ception among ! ,hebrews or among _! =efa!rs1 unless x be among a v few individuals1 :o1 "u a direct tea*+ f above1 became select examples ( virtue4 #hie ,il4 ii4 #bfb4 ,see also on ?is subject1 ,il4 v4 #dbi4 vi4 #ceg4 ,od4 v4 #adi-ei1 #bbg4 ,_m o!r indications 9 ! poems conv]ge ^u ! same po9t4 ,! horror ) :i* ince/ 0 reg>d$ is "o4 ,! deep grief & humility /amp$ on ! "* ( ,hel5 is a second4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! *a/ity ( ,bell]ophon is held up to admiration1 & foll[$ by rew>d1 is a ?ird#hif4 ,! high-ton$ liv+ wid[hood ( ,p5elope is ( itself conclusive on ! po9t be=e u4 #hif ,il4 vi4 #afa1 #b4 ,hom]'s subject 9 ! ,iliad 0 "o1 :i* tempt$ & almo/ =c$ him into indec5cy1 :]e he _h to ref] to ! orig9al crime ( ,p>is or to describe 8 private life4 ,! mann] 9 :i* he has h&l$ x is des]v+ ( all praise4 ,he treats z an evil gift ! orig9al promise & temptation to ,p>is4 ,! sc5e 9 ! end ( ! ,?ird ,book 0 necess>y 9 ord] to complete ! view ( ! "* ( t bad pr9ce3 & x c\ld n h be5 drawn 9 a mann] less calculat$ to s$uce ! m9d1 :e!r by ! managem5t ( its details1 or by ! s5tim5ts ( loa?+ :i* x raises aga9/ ! pr9cipal actor4 ,und\bt$ly we mu/1 z reg>ds ! :ole morality ( ! poems1 ascribe mu* to ! praise ( ,hom] p]sonally3 yet x is pla9 t he repres5t$ 8 age 9 no small degree4 ,fir/1 because1 z a popul> & fam\s m9/rel1 he c\ld n h be5 9 %>p or g5]al contra/ ) ! feel+ ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,secondly1 because we p]ceive rema9s ( ?is s]i\sness & purity 9 ! old] ,greek writ]s junior to ,hom]4 ,?irdly1 because we f9d f ,?ucydides t1 at ! "t :5 ! orig9al ,olympian games 7 in/itut$1 x 0 /ill ! cu/om c>efully to avoid ! exposure ( ! human =m1 & t a diff]5t practice 0 introduc$ aft]w>ds by ! ,lac$monians1 probably )\t evil int5tion1 & = gymna/ic ends alone 7,?uc4 i4 #f74 ,& n[1 if we contemplate ! belief1 ideas1 & in/itutions ( ! h]oic p]iod1 z !y w\ld "w ^u an individual1 we %all1 p]haps1 f9d t !y fully ju/ify ! outl9e ) :i* ?is section began4 ,we may1 inde$1 see 9 ! ,hom]ic pictures ( t age mu* to condemn or to deplore2 b we may also be l$ to believe t if1 ?r\gh ,god's m]cy1 !re h be5 happi]1 !re also h be5 less happy =ms1 = human de/9y to be ca/ 94 ,life ( ! high-born ,greek4 ,! y\? ( high bir?1 n !n s widely z n[ sep>at$ f ! l[1 is educat$ "u tutors 9 rev]5ce = 8 p>5ts1 & 9 desire to emulate _! fame3 he %>es 9 manly & 9 graceful sports1 acquires ! use ( arms1 h>d5s himself 9 ! pursuit1 !n1 ( all o!rs ! mo/ indisp5sable1 ! hunt+ d[n ( wild bea/s1 ga9s ! k ( m$ic9e1 probably also ( ! lyre4 ,sometimes1 ) _m-sid$ intellig5ce1 he ev5 sets himself to le>n h[ to build 8 own h\se or %ip1 or h[ to drive ! pl\gh firm & /raight d[n ! furr[1 z well z to reap ! /&+ corn#hig4 ,& :5 sc>cely a man1 he be>s arms = 8 c\ntry or 8 tribe1 takes "p 9 its gov]nm5t1 le>ns by direct in/ruction & by practice h[ to rule mank9d ?r\gh ! use ( reason+ & p]suasive p[] 9 political assemblies1 att5ds & assi/s 9 sacrifices to ! gods4 ,= all ?is "t he has be5 9 k9dly & free relations1 n only ) 8 p>5ts1 8 family1 8 equals ( 8 own age1 b ) ! att5dants1 al?\gh !y are b s]fs1 :o h kn[n him f infancy on 8 fa!r's doma94 #hig ,od4 xviii4 #cff-ge4 ,he is inde$ mi/aught ) ref]5ce to ! use ( ! /rong h&4 ,human life is *eap2 s *eap t ev5 a mild & g5tle y\? may be betray$1 ^u a casual qu>rel ov] "s *ildi% game ) 8 fri5d1 into tak+ x away4 ,& ev5 s ?r\gh\t 8 life1 %\ld "s occasion come t /irs up 8 passions f _! dep?s1 a wild bea/1 z x 71 awakes )9 him1 & he loses 8 humanity = ! "t until reason has re-e/abli%$ h] control4 ,%ort1 h[ev]1 ( su* a desp]ate crisis1 ?\gh he c\ld n = ! _w rob 8 fri5d or 8 neighb\r1 yet he might be n unwill+ to triumph ov] him to 8 co/1 = ! sake ( "s ex]cise ( signal +5uity3 :ile1 f a ho/ile tribe or a =eign %ore1 or f ! individual :o has become 8 enemy1 he w acquire by ma9 =ce :at he c1 nor w he scruple to inflict on him by /ratagem ev5 deadly injury#hih4 ,he mu/1 h[ev]1 give lib]ally to ^? :o are 9 ne$2 to ! wayf>]1 ! poor1 ! suppliant :o begs f him %elt] & protection4 ,on ! o!r h&1 %\ld 8 own goods be wa/$1 ! lib]al & op5-h&$ contributions ( 8 neighb\rs w n be want+ to replace !m4 #hih ,od4 xiii4 #bei-gj4 ,8 e>ly y\? is n solicit$ into vice by f9d+ s5sual excess 9 vogue1 or ! opportunities ( x />+ 9 8 eye & s\nd+ 9 8 e>4 ,gluttony is h>dly kn[n2 drunk5ness is m>k$ only by its degrad+ "* & ! evil consequ5ces t fl[ s /raight f x1 & is abhorr$4 ,b he loves ! g5ial use ( meals1 & rejoices 9 ! h\r :5 ! gue/s1 ga!r$ 9 8 fa!r's hall1 enjoy a lib]al hospitality1 & ! w9e mantles 9 ! cup#hii4 ,= !n !y li/5 to ! /ra9s ( ! m9/rel1 :o celebrates be=e !m ! newe/ & ! de>e/ ( ! h]oic tales t /ir _! blood1 & r\se _! manly resolution to be wor?y1 9 _! turn1 ( _! c\ntry & _! c\ntry's h]oes4 ,he jo9s ! dance 9 ! fe/ivals ( religion2 ! maid5's h& ^u 8 wri/1 & ! gild$ knife glanc+ f 8 belt1 z !y c\rse f po9t to po9t1 or :eel 9 r\nd on r\nd#ijj4 ,t maid51 "s ,nausicaa or "s ,h]mione ( a neighb\r+ di/rict1 9 due "t he w$s1 amid/ ! rejoic+s ( _! families1 & br+s h] home to *]i% h]1 #8f ! fl[] to ! rip5ess ( ! grape1' ) respect1 fidelity1 & love4 #hii ,od4 viii4 #e-aa4 xiv4 #aic-h4 #ijj ,il4 xviii4 #eid-fjb4 ,:e!r z a gov]nor or z gov]n$1 politics br+ him1 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 no great %>e ( tr\ble4 ,gov]nm5t is a ma*9e1 ( :i* ! :eels move easily2 = !y are well oil$ by simplicity ( usages1 ideas1 & desires2 by unity ( int]e/2 by respect = au?ority1 & = ^? 9 ^: h&s x is repos$2 by love ( ! common c\ntry1 ! common alt>1 ! common fe/ivals & games1 to :i* already !re is l>ge resort4 ,9 peace he settles ! disputes ( 8 p1 9 w> he l5ds !m ! preci\s example ( h]oic d>+4 ,he consults !m1 & advises ) !m1 on all grave affairs2 & 8 wakeful c>e = _! int]e/s is rew>d$ by ! ample doma9s :i* are set ap>t = ! pr9ce by ! p#ija4 ,f9ally1 he closes 8 eyes1 deliv]+ ov] ! sceptre to 8 son1 & leav+ mu* peace & happ9ess ar\nd him#ijb4 #ija ,il4 ix4 #egh4 xii4 #cac4 #ijb ,od4 xxiii4 #bha-d4 ,su* 01 probably1 ! /ate ( society amid/ ! conclud+ phase ( :i* ,hom]'s y\?1 at lea/1 0 pass$4 ,b a d>k & deep social revolution seems to h foll[$ ! ,trojan w>3 we h its work+s already become visible 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,sc>cely c\ld ev5 ,ulysses cope ) x1 contract$ ?\gh x 0 = him )9 ! n>r[ b\nds ( ,i?aca4 ,on ! ma9l&1 ! b&s ( ! eld] society are soon :olly brok54 ,! ,pelopid1 ,neleid1 neid h\ses are a wreck3 disorganization invites ! entry ( new =ces to control x3 ! ,dorian lances bri/le on ! tolian bea*1 & ! primitive ,greece1 ! patri>*al ,greece1 ! ,greece ( ,hom]1 is no m4 ,e?ics ( e>li] & lat] ,paganism4 ,:5 we take a g5]al survey ( ! practical morality ( ! ,h]oic age1 & comp>e x ) t ( lat] times1 we mu/ at once be /ruck ) ! great sup]iority ( ! =m]1 9 all t mo/ ne>ly t\*es ! moral be+ ( man4 ,! m]e police ( society1 inde$1 improves ) ! advance ( civilization4 ,! law ( det]m9ate rights to prop]ty1 :i* we r dang]\sly call ! law ( meum & tuum1 :]eas x is b a limit$ "p ( t great ord9ance1 comes to be bett] und]/ood 9 lat] times1 & bett] def5d$ by p5al sanctions4 ,a cle>] ideal1 z well z actual1 di/9ction1 is gradually e/abli%$ betwe5 =ce & civil "r4 ,b :o w v5ture to say t ! duties ( man to ! ,deity1 or ! l>g] claims ( man ^u man1 7 bett] und]/ood 9 ! age ( ,p]icles or ,alex&]1 ( ,sylla or ( ,augu/us1 ?an 9 ! days ( ,hom]8 ,x is to be expect$ t1 :5 ! elem5ts ( weal? are = ! mo/ "p su* z nature (f]s1 :5 man has h>dly left ! m>k ( 8 h& ^u ! e>?1 :5 little has be5 appropriat$1 & t little indet]m9ately1 !n ! description ( "r :i* is lea/ und]/ood %\ld also be lea/ respect$2 namely1 ! law :i* )draws ?+s f orig9al community ( use into individual dom9ion4 ,to ?is day we dispute1 :at 0 ! pri/9e f\ndation ( ! law ( prop]ty4 ,:y d we n p]ceive t ?is is equival5t to an admission1 t 9 ! fir/ p]iods ( political society1 ! :ole idea ( prop]ty mu/ ( necessity h be5 m or less vague8 ,& consequ5tly1 t ev5 plund] 9 primitive times is a diff]5t ?+ f plund] 9 lat] times1 n only z to public e/imation1 b z to ! moral col\r ( ! act1 & t x %\ld be judg$ accord+ly8 ,po9ts ( sup]iority 9 ! =m]4 ,let u !n consid] ! notes ( moral sup]iority :i* ! ,h]oic age ( ,greece pres5ts to u4 ,human sacrifices 7 n !n (f]$ ^u bloody alt>s to ! gods4 ,n ev5 ! dire/ extremity ( suff]+ sugge/$ ! ?\ght ( cannibalism z an alt]native ( escape f dea?#ijc4 ,wail+ infants 7 n !n expos$ to avoid ! burd5 ( _! nurture4 ,! grey hairs ( p>5ts 7 treat$ ) rev]5ce & c>e2 & if _! weakness br\ght d[n insult ^u !m1 x /ung ! s\ls ( _! *ildr51 ev5 aft] dea?4 ,to age 9 g5]al a deep & he>ty rev]5ce 0 paid by ! "y4 ,woman1 ! gr& ref9+ elem5t ( society1 _h n !n be5 put d[n 9 ! e/imation ( any man1 f> less ( ! wise/ m51 to ! level ( p]sons degrad$ by ! habits ( captivity1 & 0 n held to be a 4 ,slav]y itself 0 mild & almo/ g5ial4 ,x impli$ ! law ( lab\r1 & possibly1 9 ord9>y cases1 a prohibition to rise 9 life3 b ( positive oppression1 & ( suff]+ 9 connection ) x1 or ( any p5al sy/em direct$ to its ma9t5ance1 we h no trace :atev]4 ,m>riage 0 ! hon\rable & s+le tie betwe5 man & 8 helpmate#ijd4 ,connections ) v ne> relations 7 reg>d$ ) horror2 ! wife 0 ! repres5tative1 ! intellig5t companion & fri5d1 ( h] husb&2 adult]y 0 held 9 av]sion1 a crime r>] !n ?an 9 mo/ aft]-p]iods3 & ! sacr$ bond betwe5 husb& & wife 0 n liable to be brok5 by ! poor inv5tion ( divorce4 #ijc ,od4 xii4 #cbg-ea4 #ijd ,on ?is & ! k9dr$ po9ts1 see inf4 sect4 ix4 ,organiz$ un*a/ity _h n !n become a k9d ( devil's law = society4 ,! v "n & nature ( unnatural lu/s appe> to h be5 unkn[n 9 ,greece1 c5turies aft] ,sodom _h be5 smitt5 = its crimes4 ,! dete/able inv5tion1 :i* set gladiators to kill "o ano!r = ! amusem5t ( enraptur$ spectators1 0 res]v$ = times m va9 ( _! philosophy & _! artificial culture4 ,! rights ( ! poor 7 ackn[l$g$ 9 ! =m ( an unlimit$ obligation to relieve !m1 "u pa9 ( ! div9e displeasure3 & no /rang] or suppliant c\ld be repell$ f ! door ( any "o1 :o reg>d$ ei!r ! fe> ( ,god or ! fe> ( man4 ,z respects ! gods1 ! rema9s ( anci5t piety /ill 9 "s degree *eck$ ! activity ( ! critical faculty1 & ! rev]5ce = ! ,p[] t disposes ev5ts & hates ! wick$ 0 n yet d]id$ by speculation1 nor :olly buri$ b5ea? fable & corruption4 ,true1 sacrifice 0 reg>d$ z ! indisp5sable & effective basis ( religion3 b 9 g5]al1 z betwe5 ,greek & ,greek1 ^? :o 7 mo/ c>eful ( virtue 7 also mo/ regul> 9 _! (f]+s4 ,m5 7 believ]s 9 pray]3 !y ?\ght t1 if 9 ne$ !y humbly betook !mselves to supplication1 !y w\ld be he>d & help$4 ,9 %ort1 !y kept _! hold ^u a high] p[]1 :i* we see to h be5 real1 because !y resort$ to x at ^? times :5 human nature es*ews illusion1 & cries out = reality4 ,ulysses1 9 affliction or 9 ne$1 addresses himself to ! gods3 ev5 gi/hus1 :5 al>m$1 beg9s to ?9k mu* ( !m3 b ,cic]o or ,qu9tilian1 :5 ! arr[ ( grief has t\*$ !m to ! quick1 seek = com=t 9 philosophical calculations on ! great woe & little weal ( life4 ,yet1 ev5 :ile all ?is 0 s1 !re lay 9 ! accumulat+ my?ology ! ?ickly scatt]$ se$s ( de/ruction1 bo? = belief & = duty4 ,h[ c\ld m>riage cont9ue s+le1 pure1 or p]man5t1 9 ! face ( ! promiscu\s lu/s ( ,jupit]8 ,:y %\ld n helpless infants be expos$1 :5 ,juno1 disgu/$ ) ! =m ( ,vulcan1 ?rew him d[n into ! sea8 ,:y %\ld n man make a joy\s spectacle ( blood & w\nds1 :5 !y 7 already beheld ) amusem5t by ! highe/ ( ! gods8 ,! examples ( rebellion1 ( discord1 ( luxury & selfi% ease1 7 all ( !m ready to =w>d ! process ( corruption among m52 & ?is arm\ry ( curses 0 prep>$ too 9 ! v qu>t]1 :]e 8 eye %\ld behold no?+ b :at is augu/ & pure4 ,aga94 ,9 all descriptions ( t5d] feel+s ! ,greeks ( ! ,hom]ic age are mu* ne>] ?an ^? ( lat] times to ! /&>d ( tru? & nature4 ,! h]oes ( ,hom] weep freely2 b1 says ! ,agamemnon ( ,euripides#ije1 :ile he compla9s ( ! re/riction1 weep+ is ! recognis$ privilege ( humble life only2 #ije ,iph4 9 ,aul4 #ddf4 ' 4 ,& ,ari/otle ?\ght1 z is ?\ght n[1 t weep+ 0 unfit = m54 ,! wise man1 he conceives#ijf1 _c incite o!rs to m\rn ) him1 ' 3 b wom51 & woman-l m51 1 are glad ( su* companion%ip 9 sorr[4 #ijf ,ari/ot4 ,e?4 ,,ix4 xi4 #d4 ,!re are inde$ ?ree mo/ important po9ts ( ! ,hom]ic poems1 9 :i* x w\ld appe> t ! ,greek "* greatly h>d5$1 & greatly sank1 z ! nation advanc$ 9 its c>e]4 ,"o ( !m is ! pr9ciple ( sympa?y4 ,ano!r is t ( placability1 :i* ,hom] has v p[]fully exhibit$ 9 ,a*illes4 ,! ?ird is t ( humility1 ( :i* we h an example 9 ,hel51 9 ! ,hel5 ( ,troy & ! ,hel5 ( ,sp>ta1 su* z hea!nism n[h]e else1 ,i believe1 pres5ts to u4 ,x has ?us appe>$ t if we take ! /ate ( morality z x appe>s among mank9d 9 ! poems ( ,hom]1 & comp>e x ) t ( ,greece 9 its highe/ civilization1 we f9d be=e u two gr& diff]5ces4 ,^? (f5ces aga9/ ! moral law1 :i* con/itute crimes ( viol5ce1 7 m ju/ly appreciat$ at ! lat] p]iod2 b z to ^? :i* con/itute1 9 ! language ( ,*ri/ianity1 ! lu/s ( ! m9d & ( ! fle%1 a great pref]5ce is due to ! =m]4 ,we are naturally l$ to inquire1 ,:5ce ^! two movem5ts 9 opposite directions8 ,t mank9d %\ld ei!r lose gr\nd or ga9 x1 9 morality z a :ole1 is f> less />tl+ at fir/ sight1 ?an t1 at "o & ! same "t1 ) respect to "o great portion ( ! moral law !re %\ld be progress1 & ) respect to ano!r1 retrogression4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 ?is 0 ! condition ( man3 retrogression z to 8 spiritual life1 b advance & developm5t1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 ) reg>d to ! intellectual & ! social c>e]4 ,s9s ( ! fle% lay *iefly betwe5 ,god & ! individual consci5ce3 ! social results did n palpably & imm$iately rea* beyond ! p]sons imm$iately conc]n$4 ,b crimes ( viol5ce /ruck directly at ! fabric ( society by de/roy+ security ( p]son & prop]ty2 & robb$ mank9d1 especially ! rul+ "p ( mank9d1 ( ! imm5se advantages & enjoym5ts :i* !y reap$ f civiliz$ life4 ,?us1 ! moral s5se 0 quick1 & ev5 grew quick] ) ! lapse ( "t1 :5 x 0 f$ & prompt$ by su* motives ( self-int]e/ z lay )9 its appreciation1 l ^? :i* ! desire to enjoy ! commodities ( life suppli$4 ,b x langui%$ & all b di$1 :5 its bus9ess 0 to ma9ta9 ^? virtues :i* involve sev]e self-d5ial1 & ( :i* ! rew>d nev] c be fully appreciat$ except by ^? :o are s fav\r$ z to practise !m 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,nor mu/ we ov]look "s special be>+s ( ! in/itution ( slav]y ^u ?is "q4 ,z x grew & 0 consolidat$1 x ( c\rse entail$ an increas$ necessity = laws to def5d life & goods aga9/ viol5ce4 ,b z reg>d$ ! o!r class ( (f5ces1 its influ5ce 0 all 9 ! s5se ( m & m relaxation4 ,= beauty & def5celessness1 :5 !y 7 comb9$ 9 slaves1 at once wr\ght up attraction to ! utt]mo/1 & remov$ all ob/acles to enjoym5t4 ,:ile at ! same "t ! p>tial indulg5ce1 :i* at all p]iods has commonly att5d$ su* comm]ce betwe5 slaves & _! ma/]s1 op]at$ z a safety valve to let (f ! political dang]s ( t sy/em3 s t1 on ! "o h&1 slav]y 0 a fe$] to lu/1 &1 on ! o!r1 lu/ 0 a buttress to slav]y4 ,t x 0 n on moral gr\nds t 9 ! lat] times ( ,greece life & prop]ty 7 bett] def5d$ ?an 9 ! =m]1 we may p>tly judge f f9d+ t1 ?\gh x is 9 ! nature ( all society t a nation %\ld r incl9e to gild ! days ( its =efa!rs ) ornam5ts beyond ! tru?1 ! lat] ,greek traditions cramm$ ! h]oic age ) a mass ( crimes ( :i* ,hom] kn[s no?+4 ,he sets ,m9os & ,rhadaman?us be=e u z *>act]s positively good3 ,?ye/es & o!rs are at wor/ neutral 9 "*3 b all ^!1 accord+ to ! lat] tradition1 7 ei!r accessory to1 or contam9at$ )1 ! mo/ horrible enormities4 ,notes 9 ! ,poems ( comm5c+ decl9e4 ,x seems1 inde$1 z if ,hom] _h himself liv$ to note ! signs ( moral deg5]acy4 ,9 "p1 we may p]haps say1 x is insep>ably associat$ ) t det]ioration 9 ! "* & idea ( gov]nm5t1 :i* beg9s to be traceable 9 ! ,odyssey4 ,b 9 t poem he has giv5 u ano!r indication ( x1 unlike any ?+ 9 ! ,iliad1 :]e he nev] contra/s ! pres5t unfav\rably ) ! pa/1 except z to m]e corporal /r5g?4 ,= he makes ,m9]va z ,m5tor deliv] to ,telema*us ! s5tim5t1 t among sons a small numb] only are equal to _! fa!rs#ijg1 a v few inde$ excell+ !m1 b ! great] "p fall+ %ort ( !m4 ,9 lat] times1 we h come to associate ?r5odies ( ?is k9d ) ! notion t !y are compla9ts ( c\rse1 =mul tak5 up & reit]at$ successively f g5]ation to g5]ation4 ,x may or may n be j ?us to view !m3 b :e!r x be j or n = lat] times1 ,i ?9k t we ought n s to limit ! =ce ( ! idea :5 x meets u 9 ! age ( ,hom]3 ! _w 0 !n "y1 & human society _h n s le>n$ its #8anci5t saws or mod]n in/ances1' z to sep>ate !m f ! tru?s ( exp]i5ce & ( obs]vation4 ,! greate/ ornam5t ( ! poems ( ,hesiod1 ! s]ies ( ! ,ages decl9+ f gold to iron1 probably expresses ! actual /ate ( ! facts1 z x seems to move on ! same l9e ) ! n>rative ( ! e>ly ,scriptures3 & ,hom]'s lam5tation on deg5]acy 9 all likelihood may belong to a real portion ( ! same desc5d+ process4 #ijg ,od4 ii4 #bgf4 ,,sect4 ,,ix4 ,woman 9 ! ,hom]ic age4 ,no view ( a peculi> civilization c on its e?ical side be satisfactory1 unless x include a di/9ct consid]ation ( ! place held 9 x by woman4 ,&1 besides1 ! position ( ! ,greek woman ( ! h]oic age is 9 itself s rem>kable1 z ev5 on special gr\nds to require sep>ate & detail$ notice4 ,x is likewise s elevat$1 bo? absolutely & 9 comp>ison ) :at x became 9 ! hi/oric ages ( ,greece & ,rome amid/ _! elaborate civilization1 z to =m 9 itself a suffici5t confutation ( ! !ories ( ^? writ]s :o c see 9 ! hi/ory ( mank9d only ! developm5t ( a law ( cont9ual progress f intellectual d>kness into light1 & f moral degradation up to virtue4 ,! idea & place ( woman h be5 sl[ly & labori\sly elevat$ by ! ,gospel3 & _! full developm5t has con/itut$ ! pure/ & mo/ p]fect prote/1 t ! _w has ev] se51 aga9/ ! sov]eignty ( =ce4 ,= x is n alone aga9/ m]ely physical1 b also aga9/ m]ely intellectual /r5g?1 t ?is prote/ has be5 lodg$4 ,to ! v highe/ range ( intellectual /r5g? kn[n among ! *ildr5 ( ,adam1 woman seems nev] to h asc5d$1 b 9 e or almo/ e case to h fall5 some:at %ort ( x4 ,b :5 we look to ! virtues1 x seems probable bo? t h] av]age is high]1 & t %e also atta9s 9 ! highe/ in/ances to l(ti] summits4 ,c]ta9ly !re is no pro( "h ( h] inf]iority to man4 ,n[ x is n[h]e writt5 9 ,holy ,scripture t ,god is k1 or t ,god is p[]2 :ile x is writt5 t ,god is love3 words :i* appe> to set =? love z ! c5tral ess5ce1 & all besides z attributes4 ,woman !n holds ( ,god1 & f9ds h] own pr9cipal developm5t 9 t :i* is mo/ ,god-l4 ,?us1 !re=e1 :5 ,*ri/ianity wr\ght out = woman1 n a social id5tity1 b a social equality1 n a rivalry ) ! function ( man1 b an elevation 9 h] own function rea*+ z high z 81 x made ! _w & human life 9 ?is respect also a true image ( ! ,godhead4 ,)9 ! pale ( t civilization :i* has gr[n up "u ! comb9$ influ5ce ( ! ,*ri/ian religion z p>am\nt1 & ( :at may be call$ ! ,teutonic mann]s z second>y1 we f9d ! idea ( woman & h] social position rais$ to a po9t ev5 high] ?an 9 ! poems ( ,hom]4 ,b x w\ld be h>d to discov] any p]iod ( hi/ory or c\ntry ( ! _w1 n be+ ,*ri/ian1 9 :i* !y /ood s high z ) ! ,greeks ( ! h]oic age4 ,!re are v>i\s heads "u :i* we may inquire into ! subject be=e u4 ,"o is ! law ( m>riage 9 ! h]oic age1 & ! /ate ( ! specific relation betwe5 ! sexes4 ,a second is ! employm5ts assign$ to wom52 h[ high did !y rea*1 & h[ l[ did !y desc5d8 ,a ?ird is ! social foot+ on :i* !y /ood1 z te/$ by mann]s4 ,a f\r? is ! g5]al outl9e ( ! woman's "*1 z x is to be e/imat$ f ! v>i$ specim5s :i* ,hom] has set be=e u4 ,law & cu/om ( m>riage4 ,fir/ly2 a ma9 crit]ion ( ! g5]al condition ( woman 9 a giv5 /ate ( society is to be f\nd 9 ! view :i* x may exhibit ( ! great in/itution ( m>riage4 ,9 proportion z t in/itution is purifi$ & elevat$ by j re/ra9t1 ! condition ( woman is hon\rable1 free1 & happy4 ,9 proportion z x is relax$1 9 accommodation to human infirmity or appetite1 ! condition ( woman is degrad$ & s]vile2 = :]e desire is ! law1 /r5g? is its appropriate & only sanction1 & ! cause ( ! weak] fails4 ,j z a /rict & effici5t police is mo/ important to ! unprotect$1 s a /rict law ( m>riage is mo/ = ! int]e/ ( ! woman4 ,! g5]al position ( womank9d 9 ! ,hom]ic age is high on bo? sides ( ! ,ar*ipelago2 b1 z respects m>riage1 its *iefe/ pill>1 x is p]ceptibly ev5 high] among ! ,greeks ?an among ! ,trojans4 ,among ! multitude ( cases1 t ei!r directly or incid5tally come be=e u 9 ! poems1 !re is no?+ t at all resembles ! ,asiatic h\sehold ( ,priam1 or t seems to fav\r polygamy4 ,nor h we any in/ance :]e a wife is divorc$ or tak5 away f h] husb&1 & !n made ! wife ( ano!r man dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,! fr[>d ,suitors1 :o urge ,p5elope to *oose a new husb& f among !m1 d x ^u ! plea t ,ulysses mu/ be dead1 & t !re is no hope ( 8 return3 a plea n irrational1 if we presume t ! real t]m ( 8 abs5ce came to ev5 half ! numb] ( ye>s :i* ,hom] has assign$ to x4 ,! anci5t law ( ,engl&1 :ile x repudiat$ ! pr9ciple ( divorce1 recognis$ ! presumption ( ! husb&'s dea?1 :5 br\ght ne> to c]ta9ty by a long t]m ( abs5ce1 z equival5t to dea? itself = ! purpose ( exempt+ ! wife f civil p5alty 9 case ( h] m>riage4 gi/hus1 aga91 f9ds x extremely difficult to corrupt ,clytemne/ra3 & 8 success 9 induc+ h] to m>ry him entails1 z if a matt] ( c\rse1 ! murd] ( h] =m] husb&4 ,! crime is m5tion$ by ,jupit]1 9 ! ,olympian ,c\rt1 z consi/+ ( ! two p>ts1 ( :i* he by no means specifies ! latt] z ! m atroci\s#ijh2 #ijh ,od4 i4 #cf4 7#a7 ' 1 7#b7 ' 4 ,! law ( m>riage diff]s f mo/ o!r human laws 9 a v important p>ticul>4 ,x is _! excell5ce to impose ! m9imum ( re/ra9t1 :i* w satisfy ! absolute wants ( society3 b ! aim & ! crit]ion ( a good law ( m>riage is to impose ! maximum ( re/ra9t t human nature c be induc$ bon fide to accept4 ,d\btless !re is "h also a conceivable excess3 b x w\ld be & has be5 indicat$ by ! g5]al )hold+ ( submission1 or evasion ( ob$i5ce4 ,up to t po9t1 ! re/rictions ( ! m>riage law are n evils to be endur$ = ! sake ( a great] good1 b are good 9 !mselves4 ,9 ord] t ?is great in/itution may ?or\ghly fulfil its ends1 x is especially requisite1 #a4 ,t x %\ld n be contract$ betwe5 m ?an "o man & "o woman4 #b4 ,t x %\ld on bo? sides be1 9 ! ma9 & z a g5]al rule1 delib]ate & spontane\s4 #c4 ,t ! contract1 once made1 %\ld n be dissolv$4 ,& closely alli$ to ^! !re is yet a f\r? negative3 #d4 ,t nuptials %\ld n be contract$ betwe5 p]sons :o /& )9 c]ta9 ne> degrees ( relation%ip4 #e4 ,x is always requisite t ?is engagem5t %\ld exclude n only ! possibility ( m>riage = ei!r p>tn] ) a ?ird p]son1 b also any o!r fle%ly connection )\t m>riage4 ,( ^! propositions1 ! fir/1 ?ird1 & f\r?1 are heads ( re/ra9t on m>riage4 ,e "o ( ! ?ree 0 ackn[l$g$ by ! ,greeks ( ! h]oic age4 ,m>riage always s+le4 ,! rule ( conjugal fidelity 0 admitt$1 ?\gh n :olly )\t relaxation1 to be z applicable to m5 z to _! wives4 ,?is1 & all ! o!r re/rictions1 7 appli$ to wom5 ) undeviat+ /rictness4 #a4 ,z reg>ds ! fir/1 x is pla91 f a mass ( evid5ce s l>ge z to am\nt1 9 spite ( its be+ negative1 to demon/ration1 t ! uni=m practice ( ! ,greeks requir$ ! m>riage union to be s+le4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ( itself1 is say+ little2 b x imports mu* besides :at is on ! surface3 x implies1 t1 ) due all[ances1 ! _s ( ! m>riage contract is a _s ( equity & ( well adju/$ rights1 z betwe5 ^? :o ent] into x4 #b4 ,?is relation 0 also conceiv$ by ! ,greeks 9 a _s ( fre$om4 ,x held a c5tral place 9 life ?or\ghly ,european1 z oppos$ to ! ,ori5tal ideas4 ,nay1 x approximat$ v mu* to ! ideas prevail+ 9 our own c\ntry z well z age4 ,we d n f9d 9 ! poems any in/ance ( a m>riage en=c$ aga9/ ! w ( a "y maid51 or contract$ :5 %e 0 ( ye>s too t5d] to ex]cise a judgm5t4 ,nausicaa fe>s t if %e is se5 ) ,ulysses1 c5sori\s tongues w imm$iately put x ab\t t %e is go+ to be m>ri$ to him4 ,!y w say1 #8,:o is ?is tall & h&some /rang] ) ,nausicaa8'#iji ,surely %e is go+ to become 8 bride4 ,truly %e has pick$ up "s gallant f af>1 :o has /ray$ f 8 %ip3 or "s god has come d[n to w$ h]4 ,bett] x 7 if %e f\nd a husb& f abroad1 s9ce1 =soo?1 %e looks d[n ^u h] ,phacian suitors1 ?\gh !y are _m & noble4 ,!n cont9ues ?is model ( maid5s2 #8,?us ,i %all come into disgrace2 & inde$ ,i myself %\ld be indignant ) any "o :o %\ld s act1 & :o1 aga9/ ! w ( h] p>5ts1 frequ5t$ ! company ( m5 be=e be+ publicly m>ri$4' ,9 ?is rem>kable passage we h su* an exhibition ( woman's fre$om1 z sc>cely any age has exce$$4 ,= x cle>ly %[s t ! m>riage ( a damsel 0 h] own affair1 & t1 subject to a due reg>d freely r5d]$ to au?ority & op9ion1 %e _h1 :5 ( due age1 a ma9 %>e 9 det]m9+ x4 ,t is to say1 to ! ext5t ( *oos+ a mate among ! competitors4 ,! expression ( giv+ away or promis+ a daught]1 by p>5ts1 is (t5 us$#iaj1 b we p]ceive ! limits ( its mean+ f ! passage j quot$4 ,! m s1 because simil> expressions z to ! proce$+s ( p>5ts are appli$ 9 ,hom] to ! m>riages ( sons#iaa4 ,i d n suppose x w\ld h be5 op5 to any maid5 to rema9 s+le4 ,t all %\ld m>ry1 t !re %\ld be no class liv+ 9 celibacy1 0 a k9d ( law = society 9 its infant /ate1 ev5 z n[ x may be said to be almo/ a law = ! mo/ num]\s classes ( society4 ,above all ,i suppose x to be cle> t a m>riageable wid[ c\ld n ord9>ily rema9 9 wid[hood4 ,no reproa* arises to ,hel51 on acc\nt ( ! r5ewal ( h] irregul> union ) ,deiphobus2 & :5 ,p5elope1 or o!rs 9 h] behalf1 contemplate ! dea? ( ,ulysses1 & h] consequ5t release f ! m>riage /ate1 t *ange is always treat$ z ! imm$iate preface to ano!r crisis1 namely1 ! *oice ( a second husb&4 #iji ,od4 vi4 #bge-hh4 #iaj ,il4 xi4 #bif4 xix4 #bi4 ix4 #ada4 vi4 #aia4 ,od4 vii4 #caa4 iv4 #f4 #iaa ,il4 ix4 #cid4 ,od4 iv4 #aj4 ,al?\gh social int]c\rse ) man might n1 z ,nausicaa says1 be s\ght by damsels1 x might innoc5tly come on occasions su* z ^? af=d$ by public fe/ivities1 or by an ord9>y call+#iab4 #iab ,il4 xviii4 #efg1 #eic1 & xxii4 #abf4 ,fre$om ( ! woman4 ,b aga91 ! p]secution ( ,p5elope by ! ,suitors be>s emphatic te/imony to ! fre$om ( woman )9 ! limits ,i h describ$4 ,! utmo/ ( _! aim is to co]ce h] into m>ry+ "s "o2 ev5 z _! s9 lies 9 br++ ?is pressure to be> ^u h] be=e ! dea? ( ,ulysses has be5 asc]ta9$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! pressure is a moral "o3 h] viol5t removal is nev] ?\ght (2 & ! absolute sil5ce ( ! poem on ! subject proves t x w\ld h be5 at v>iance ) ! prevail+ mann]s1 _h any cabal be5 =m$1 9 ord] ev5 to con/ra9 h] *oice t[>ds a p>ticul> p]son4 ,! v pres5ts1 by :i* ! pr(ligate ,suitors endeav\r$ to +ratiate !mselves ) ! wom5 ( ! h\sehold ( ,ulysses1 speak fav\rably ( ! free condition ( ! sex1 & seem to %[1 t x desc5d$ ev5 into l[] /ations4 ,= ! ,greek 9 ! h]oic age1 m>riage 0 ! pivot ( life4 ,x took place 9 ! bloom ( age3 h5ce#iac ! beautiful expression1 1 ,od4 vi4 #ff1 xx4 #gd4 ,x ev5 m>ks ( itself ! age ( p]sons2 ,alc9\s has five sons1 ?ree 1 & two 1 7,od4 vi4 #fc73 ?ree y\?s or ba*elors1 & two m>ri$4 #iac ,fri$rei*1 ,reali51 4 #eg4 p4 #bjj4 ,pres5ts 7 usually br\ght by ! bridegroom1 & d[ries sometimes giv5 ) ! bride4 ,:]e ! two concurr$1 ! pres5ts may h be5 ei!r 9 ! nature ( complim5ts1 or int5d$ to meet ! exp5se ( ! w$d+ fe/ivities4 ,! abs5ce ( ! =m]1 & ! occurr5ce ( ! latt]1 seem ea* to be m or less 9 ! nature ( an exception4 ,) a wife return+ to h] p>5ts1 ! d[ry return$ also#iad4 ,on ! o!r h&1 to judge f ! /ory ( ,vulcan & ,v5us1 :]ev] adult]y 0 committ$1 ! guilty man 0 b\nd to pay a f9e#iae4 ,! poems give u sev]al in/ances :]e p]sonal gifts & en]gy s]v$ in/ead ( weal?1 z recomm5dations 9 su+ = a wife#iaf4 ,! draw+ ( ! ,b[ af=ds a conspicu\s example ( ! prevail+ ideas4 #iad ,od4 ii4 #acb4 #iae ,od4 viii4 #cbi4 #iaf ,od4 xi4 #bhg4 xiv4 #baj4 ,il4 xiii4 #cfc4 ,^u ! :ole1 !n1 9 all t relat$ to =m+ engagem5ts by m>riage1 !re seems to h be5 pres]v$ a l>ge reg>d to ! fre$om & dignity ( woman#iag4 ,w> 0 d\btless 9 ?is respect h] great enemy2 %e !n became ! prey ( ! /ronge/1 & x is probable t ?is may h be5 ! mo/ p[]ful in/rum5t 9 promot+ ! ext5sive introduction ( concub9age into ,greece4 #iag ,fri$rei*1 ,reali51 c4 ,,iii4 ii4 p4 #bjd4 ,) respect to ! c]emonial ( m>riage1 & ! nature ( its =mal engagem5t1 ! ,hom]ic poems furni% u ) scanty evid5ce4 ,!re is no m5tion1 9 fact1 ( any promise or v[ att5d+ x4 ,! expression 1 9 ,od4 iv4 #c1 seems to conta9 all t w\ld be includ$ by u :5 we speak ( celebrat+ m>riage4 ,n t x 0 ! m]e banquet t creat$ ! conjugal relation3 x 0 d\btless ! 1 ! solemn public ackn[l$gm5t1 to :i* relatives & fri5ds1 &1 9 su* a case z t ( ,h]mione1 ! public or p ( ! /ate1 ?us became witnesses4 ,?is subject w be fur!r consid]$ 9 connection ) ! case ( ,briseis4 ,p]petuity ( ! tie ( m>riage4 #c4 ,if ! mode ( entry into ! obligations ( m>ri$ life 0 z simple & indet]m9ate z we h suppos$1 su* a want ( =malities greatly enhances ! /r5g? ( ! te/imony borne by ! facts ( ! h]oic age to :at may be call$ ! natural p]petuity ( ! m>riage contract4 ,x is a v rem>kable circum/ance1 t1 ( ! two great poems ( ,hom]1 ea* %\ld 9 its own way be> emphatic te/imony to ?is great1 &1 = all c\ntries t c be> x1 ?is mo/ preci\s law4 ,nei!r poem pres5ts u ) any case ( a divorc$ wife2 ( a c\ple betwe5 :om ! m>riage tie1 aft] hav+ once be5 duly =m$1 _h ceas$ to subsi/4 ,& ea* poem 9 its own way raises ?is negative evid5ce to a =m ( ! greate/ cog5cy1 f its happ5+ to pres5t ! v circum/ances "u :i*1 if "u any1 ! dissolution ( ! bond w\ld h be5 ackn[l$g$4 ,9 ! ,iliad1 ! wife ( ,m5elaus1 8 1 has be5 liv+ = _m ye>s 9 de facto adult]y ) ,p>is4 ,! l9e betwe5 m>riage on ! "o h&1 & cont9u$ cohabitation toge!r ) public recognition on ! o!r1 be+ fa9tly drawn1 ,hel5 is famili>ly kn[n 9 ,troy z ! wife ( ,p>is2 s %e is call$ by ! ,poet1 & s %e calls h]self#iah4 ,m5elaus1 too1 is describ$ z h] =m] husb&#iai4 ,:e!r ?is 0 a m]e acquiesc5ce 9 a c]ta9 /ate ( facts1 or ! regul> result ( m relax$ usages respect+ m>riage 9 ,troy1 may be d\btful4 ,b x is cle> t ! view ( ! ,greeks 0 directly opposite4 ,!y nev] speak ( ,p>is z ! husb& ( ,hel54 ,9 _! e/imation1 all ! rights ( ,m5elaus rema9$ entire2 &1 z we %all see1 x appe>s t1 ev5 :ile ! possession ( !m 0 )held f him1 he ackn[l$g$ ! reciprocal obligations4 ,nay1 ,hector himself seems to describe ,hel5 z /ill ! wife ( ,m5elaus2 ' #ibj4 ,! w> 0 7s to speak7 juridically f\nd$ on ! fact1 t ! lawful m>riage 0 n dissolv$ by adult]y1 ev5 ) ! addition ( all t foll[$3 t ! relation ( ,hel5 to h] anci5t husb& 0 un*ang$4 ,accord+ly1 ,agamemnon recollects ) pa91 t if 8 bro!r %\ld die1 he w no long] be 9 a condition to dem& h] re/oration1 & to en=ce x by arms1 = 8 soldi]s w =?) return home#iba4 #iah ,il4 iii4 #dbg4 xxiv4 #gfc4 #iai ,il4 iii4 #adj4 ,( ,deiphobus1 we are nev] told t he 0 ,hel5's husb&3 & he c\ld only = a v %ort "t h _h possession ( h]4 ,! only trace ( ! connection is t1 :5 ,hel5 w5t d[n to ! horse1 ,deiphobus foll[$ h]4 ,od4 iv #bgf4 #ibj ,il4 iii4 #ec4 #iba ,il4 iv4 #afi-ge4 ,! result is 9 full con=mity ) ?is view4 ,:5 ! w> ends1 ,hel5 resumes h] place z a matt] ( c\rse 9 ! h\se ( ,m5elaus4 ,%e be>s x ) uncon/ra9$ & p]fect dignity2 & h] relations to h] husb& c>ry no m>k ( ! w(ul int]val1 except t its traces indelibly rema9 9 h] own p5it5tial %ame4 ,x is pla9 t ! ,greeks he>tily dete/$ ! crime ( adult]y3 = "o ( ! ?ree great *apt]s ( accusation aga9/ ! ,suitors is1 t !y woo$ ! wife ( ,ulysses 9 8 lifetime#ibb4 ,b x is n less pla9 t !y knew no?+ ( ! idea1 t by t crime x 0 plac$ 9 ! p[] ( any p]son to obta9 or to conf] a release f ! obligations ( m>riage4 #ibb ,od4 xxii4 #ch4 ,next to adult]y1 des]tion or prolong$ abs5ce has af=d$ ! mo/ fav\r$ plea = ! de/ruction1 s f> z human law c de/roy x1 ( ! m>riage bond4 ,& inde$ x is h>dly possible to pu% ! opposite doctr9e to its extreme1 & to say t no m>ri$ p]son may rem>ry1 except ) demon/rative evid5ce ( ! dea? ( ! orig9al husb& or wife respectively4 ,probably1 h[ev]1 no p]iod ( ! _w has exhibit$ a m /r+5t application ( ! doctr9e ( indissolubility to ! case ( des]tion1 ?an t on :i* ! plot ( ! ,odyssey is f\nd$2 :]e1 aft] an abs5ce ( ! husb& prolong$ to ! tw5tie? ye>1 ,p5elope /ill waits 8 return2 prays t dea? may relieve h] f ! dread necessity ( mak+ a new *oice2 &1 ?us direct$ by h] own consci5ce & "r feel+1 likewise appreh5ds condemnation by ! public judgm5t 9 ! ev5t ( h] proce$+ to contract a new engagem5t#ibc4 #ibc ,od4 xvi4 #ge4 ,! ,h]oic age has left no m comely monum5t1 ?an its in=mal1 b in/9ctive1 & mo/ emphatic s5se1 ?us record$ = our b5efit1 ( ! sanctity ( m>riage1 ( ! clos5ess ( ! union x creates1 & ( ! necessity ( p]petuity z an elem5t ( its capacity to atta9 its *ief ends1 & to adm9i/] a real discipl9e to ! human "*4 ,greek ideas ( ince/4 #d4 ,a fur!r pro( ( ! elevat$ e/imate ( m>riage among ! ,greeks is af=d$ by _! views1 s f> z !y c be trac$1 ( ! (f5ce t]m$ ince/4 ,! ,hom]ic deities1 inde$1 7 releas$ 9 ?is respect1 z 9 o!rs1 f all re/ra9t4 ,eris1 or ,enuo#ibd1 0 bo? ! si/] & ! concub9e ( ,m>s3 ,juno1 ! si/] & ! wife ( ,jupit]4 olus#ibe1 ?\gh call$ 1 mu/ h be5 m ?an man2 because ,jupit] _h made him w>d5 ( ! ,w9ds1 :i* x 0 8 pr]ogative to conf9e or to let loose#ibf4 ,& 9 virtue1 ,i suppose1 ( belong+ to ! class ( sup]ior be+s1 8 six daught]s 71 )\t any consci\sness ( (f5ce1 ! wives1 ! 1 ( 8 six sons#ibg4 #ibd ,il4 iv4 #dda4 #ibe ,od4 x4 #b4 #ibf ,od4 x4 #bj4 #ibg ,od4 x4 #g4 ,9 ,troy1 ,hel5 app>5tly becomes ! wife ( two bro!rs 9 succession4 ,we mu/ n ov]rate ! =ce ( m]ely negative evid5ce1 b x w be obs]v$ t ,hom] does n furni% u ) any trace ( ?is usage among ! ,greeks4 ,! /ory ( ,phnix probably implies1 t ! connection ( ! same woman ) a fa!r & a son 0 ince/u\s2 = ! full efficacy ( ! rem$y propos$ by 8 "m turns on ! supposition1 t !re w\ld rema9 to 8 fa!r no alt]native b ince/ aft] ,phnix _h ga9$ 8 object1 & t su* an alt]native w\ld at once det] him f ! love ( ! /rang]4 ,9 ,s*]ia1 ,alc9\s is m>ri$ to ,arete1 ! daught] ( 8 eld] bro!r ,rhex5or#ibh4 ,tyro 0 ! wife ( ,cre!us1 & 0 app>5tly also 8 niece#ibi4 ,aga91 we appe> to f9d 9 ! ,iliad an example ( a m>riage1 by "o %ade yet less desirable1 t ( a man ) 8 aunt4 ,tydeus1 ! fa!r ( ,diom$1 0 m>ri$ to a daught] ( ,adra/us3 & gialeia ! wife ( ,diom$1 z %e is call$ 1 0 probably 8 aunt likewise#icj4 #ibh ,od4 vii4 #fe1 #f4 #ibi ,see ,a*is1 sect4 ix4 ,od4 xi4 #bce-g4 #icj ,il4 iv4 #aba4 ,we h also among ! ,trojans an example ( a man's m>riage ) 8 aunt4 ,iphidamas1 son ( ,ant5or#ica1 0 br\ght up 9 ! h\se ( ,cisses 8 mat]nal gr&fa!r2 & he contract$ a m>riage ) 8 "m's si/] j be=e proce$+ to ! w>4 #ica ,il4 xi4 #bbj-f4 ,at ! same "t1 ! law ( ince/ is cle>ly a progressive "o f ! infancy ( mank9d onw>ds1 & :at we h to consid] is n s mu* its precise ext5t1 z ! degree ( g5u9e av]sion ) :i* ! violation ( x is reg>d$4 ,^u ?is subject !re c be no d\bt1 :5 we read ! passage 9 ! ,elev5? ,odyssey respect+ ! ( dipus & ,epica/e1 & ! fe>ful consequ5ces :i*1 ?\gh x 0 done 9 ignorance1 x entail$ ^u !m#icb4 ,9 pr9ciple1 !n1 t re/riction ( ! field ( *oice1 :i* adds s greatly to ! intimacy & firmness ( ! m>riage tie1 0 fully recognis$ 9 ,greece4 #icb ,od4 xi4 #bga-hj4 ,nei!r d we want traces 9 ,hom] ( t rem>kable effect ( ! unify+ p[] ( m>riage1 :i* conf]s ^u ea* p>tn] 9 ! union an equal & common relation to ! family ( ! o!r1 by a conv5tion :i* has s mu* ( ! moral /r5g? ( fact4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( all ! indications ^u ?is subject 9 ! poems is t1 :i* relates to ! future life ( ,m5elaus4 ,he is said to be elect$ to ! hon\r ( a place 9 ! region ( ,elysium aft] ?is life1 n 9 virtue ( 8 own m]its1 b z be+1 ?r\gh 8 m>riage ) ,hel51 ! son-9-law ( ,jupit]4 ,! recognition ( relation%ips ?r\gh ! wife or husb& to ! husb& or wife respectively1 & ! exi/5ce ( names to describe !m1 is a sign ( ! complet5ess ( ! union effect$ by ! m>riage tie4 ,t ^! t]ms 7 n m]ely =mal & c]emoni\s1 we may judge f ! spee* ( ,alc9\s3 1 1 1 ' #icc4 #icc ,od4 viii4 #eha-c4 ,n[ ( ^! words we h ! foll[+2 1 = any relative by aff9ity2 1 1 fa!r-9-law2 1 "m-9-law2 1 bro!r-9-law2 1 si/]-9-law2 1 son-9-law2 1 daught]-9-law2 1 /epmo!r2 or ! lawful wife1 9 relation to a spuri\s son4 ,!re is b "o real example1 ,e]iba1 ( a /epmo!r 9 ,hom] 7,il4 v4 #chi74 ,&1 la/ly1 we h 1 husb&'s si/]-9-law1 a relation%ip n express$ by any ^w 9 ! ,engli% & _m o!r languages4 ,! are always sep>ate f ! 4 ,! =mation ( ?is l>ge circle ( relation%ips by aff9ity is ! correlative to a well-def9$ /rictness 9 ! m>riage law4 ,= ^! relation%ips w\ld mean no?+1 b w\ld simply betok5 & ev5 bre$ confusion1 unless m>riage 7 p]petual & ince/ es*ew$4 ,fri$rei*#icd truly obs]ves1 t ! law ( ince/1 in/ead ( be+ tight5$1 0 relax$ at a lat] p]iod 9 ,greece2 a v decid$ m>k ( moral retrogression1 :i* _c be cancell$ by all ! spl5d\rs ( h] hi/ory4 #icd ,reali51 c4 ,,iii4 ii4 ,fidelity 9 m>ri$ life4 #e4 ,we come n[ to ! rema9+ "q2 h[ 0 ?is great obligation practically obs]v$ 9 ! ,greece ( ! h]oic age8 ,"p1 at lea/1 ( ! answ] is easy to give4 ,by wom5 x 0 obs]v$ admirably4 ,except only 9 ! case ( ,anteia1 two g5]ations old1 !re is no in/ance 9 ,hom] ( a woman :o seeks ! brea* ( x4 ,! =cible or half =cible s$uction#ice1 & progressive contam9ation1 ( a "p ( ! unm>ri$ wom5 :o belong to ! h\sehold ( ,ulysses1 is "o ( ! ?ree great crimes :i* draw d[n f ,heav5 su* fe>ful v5geance ^u ! ,suitors4 ,( ! 1 we he> b twice 9 ! poems2 nor c we say t ?is ^w meant m ?an a concub9e#icf4 ,among ! ,greek *iefta9s1 cases ( homicide are m frequ5t ?an ^? ( ba/>dy4 ,& :5 su* in/ances are m5tion$1 x is n 9 ! h>d5$ mann] ( lat] times4 #ice ,od4 xxii4 #cg1 4 #icf ,il4 ix4 #ddi4 ,od4 xiv4 #bjc4 ,x is some?+ at lea/ t1 9 su* matt]s1 a nation %\ld be alive to %ame4 ,we h v>i\s signs t ?is 0 s 9 ,greece4 ,"o ( !m is ! t5d] expression#icg3 #icg ,il4 ii4 #ead1 cf4 xvi #ahd4 1 4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 :5 we t\* ^u ^! morbid p>ts 9 human life & nature1 t ! society ( t p]iod did n avail itself ( ! exp$i5t ( ! pr(essional corruption ( a "p ( womank9d 9 ord] to relieve ! virtue ( ! residue f assault4 ,among ! ,greek *iefta9s & _! families1 ,polydore1 a si/] ( ,a*illes1 _h a spuri\s son#ich4 ,ne/or#ici sprang f a fa!r ( spuri\s bir?4 ,ea* ,ajax _h a spuri\s bro!r4 ,only ,m5elaus ( all ! *iefs is m5tion$ z hav+ himself _h an illegitimate son4 ,?is son1 :o has ! t\*+ "n ( ,megap5!s1 0 born to him by a slave1 evid5tly aft] ! rape ( ,hel52 he 0 app>5tly recognis$ 9 "p2 8 m>riage 0 celebrat$ at ! same "t ) t ( 8 legitimate si/] ,h]mione1 b x 0 contract$ ) a p]son ( l[] /ation4 ,he 0 1 ! la/ z well z ! fir/2 ?\gh ,hel51 ow+1 z ! ,poet intimates1 to a div9e decree1 _h no m *ildr51 ) :om to console h] husb&1 aft] h] return f ! abduction4 #ich ,il4 xvi4 #age4 #ici ,od4 xi4 #bed4 ,! sup]ior rank conf]r$ by lawful bir? is 9 e case /rongly m>k$2 & ?is p]haps is ! reason :y we nev] f9d ! succession to sov]eignty 9 ,greece di/urb$ by illegitimate (fspr+4 ,! great majority ( illegitimate bir?s 9 ,hom] are ^? ascrib$ to ! pat]nity ( deities4 ,x is probable t ?is extraction may be plead$ to cov] sometimes m>riages :i* 7 conceiv$ to be b5ea? ! /ation ( ! woman2 sometimes in/ances l t ( ,a/yo*e#idj1 :5 w> _h bo? excit$ passion1 & provid$ opportunities & victims = its gratification#ida4 ,sett+ ^! cases aside1 ! cases ( illegitimacy 9 h]oic ,greece appe> to be r>e4 #idj ,il4 ii4 #feh-fj4 #ida ,a*is1 or ,e?nology1 ,sect4 ix4 p4 #ecd4 ,at ! same "t1 in/ances are f\nd#idb 9 :i* a spuri\s *ild 7only1 h[ev]1 ,i ?9k 9 ! case ( a son7 is br\ght up 9 a mann] approa*+ to t ( ! legitimate (fspr+3 & a c]ta9 relation%ip is ackn[l$g$ to exi/1 = ! wife is said to be 1 or /ep-"m1 to ! illegitimate son4 ,9 ! case ( ,p$u1 x 0 ,!ano1 ,ant5or's wife1 :o h]self educat$ ! ba/>d3 b x is pla9 t 9 ,troas concub9age 0 f> m fully recognis$1 ?an 9 ,greece4 #idb ,il4 v4 #fi-ga4 ,od4 xiv4 #bjc4 ,agamemnon 9 ! ,fir/ ,iliad1 z we h se51 :5 ann\nc+ 8 att5tion to make ,*ryseis a p>tn] ( 8 b$1 by no means treats ?is concub9age z be+ :at x w\ld h be5 ) ,priam1 a matt] ( c\rse & requir+ no apology1 b f\nds x ^u 8 pref]r+ h] to 8 wife ,clytemne/ra#idc4 #idc ,il4 i4 #aab4 ,9 ! camp be=e ! walls ( ,troy x c]ta9ly appe>s z if by ! use ( ! ^w 1 prize1 ,hom] might1 z x is commonly assum$1 mean to indicate1 = mo/ ( ! pr9cipal *iefs1 t !y _h captives tak5 9 w> = concub9es4 ,b ! po9t is f> f cle>2 & at any rate ,m5elaus1 z is obs]v$ by ,a!nu1 =ms an exception#idd4 ,?is circum/ance af=ds r a m>k$ pro( ( ,greek ideas ) respect to ! durability ( ! m>riage tie2 = t au?or is probably "r 9 ascrib+ x to 8 be+1 z x 71 9 ! pres5ce ( 8 wife ,hel54 ,?is concub9age1 h[ev]1 appe>s to h be5 s+le 9 ea* case :]e x prevail$2 or1 if x 0 o!rwise1 ,hom] has at lea/ deem$ ! circum/ance unfit to be record$4 ,!re is no sign t ! sev5 ,lesbian damsels ( ,il4 ix4 #abh 7 concub9es4 #idd ,a!n4 xiii4 #c4 1 4 ,a*illes1 aft] ! removal ( ,briseis1 _h ,diom$e#ide = ! companion ( 8 c\*4 ,b ,briseis appe>s to h _h 8 atta*m5t 9 a peculi> degree4 ,he calls h] 8 #idf4 ,x is said t ! ^w may mean a concub9e#idg4 ,i d n f9d any passage 9 ,hom]1 except ?is ( ,il4 ix41 :]e x may n ) ! mo/ obvi\s propriety be translat$ #8wife4' ,x has its highe/ =ce1 no d\bt1 9 su* expressions z & 3 ev5 z we say int5sively #8w$d$ wife4' ,b ! t]m is ! /&+ phrase = wife1 z mu* z = *ildr52 & x is impossible1 consi/5tly ) :at we see ( ! usages ( m>riage among ! ,greeks1 to suppose t ! same t]m 0 alike applicable to wives & concub9es4 ,nor is x necess>y to draw su* a conclusion f ?is passage4 ,we might be tempt$ to suppose1 t ,a*illes "h puts a /ra9 z x 7 ^u ! use ( ! ^w1 & = ! mom5t calls ,briseis 8 wife1 9 ord] to prep>e ! way = ! trem5d\s & pi]c+ s>casm :i* imm$iately foll[s#idh3 #ide ,il4 ix4 #ffd4 #idf ,ibid4 #ccf4 #idg ,damm1 ,liddell & ,scott4 ,9 ,od4 iv4 #fbc1 ,nitzs* consid]s t mu/ mean wives ( ! 4 ,9 ,od4 ix4 #aae1 ,i f9d no reason = dep>t+ f ! pla9 mean+ ( wives4 ,x w\ld be giv+ too mu* cr$it to ! ,cyclopes = civilization1 7 we to suppose t !y recognis$ a di/9ction betwe5 wife & concub9e4 #idh ,il4 ix4 #cdj4 ' 2 ,b we may1 ,i ?9k1 m ju/ly1 & )\t any resort to figure1 obs]ve1 t ! :ole argum5t ( ?is passage turns ^u & requires u to suppose 8 hav+ treat$ ,briseis z he w\ld h treat$ a wife4 ,s likewise 8 decl>ation1 t e good man loves & c>es = 8 wife1 becomes insipid1 & ! :ole comp>ison ) ! case ( ,m5elaus s5seless1 unless we are to give ! =ce ( wife to ! "n 4 ,probably ! explanation may be1 t %e 0 designat$ = m>riage ) him2 = 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,book1 :]e %e utt]s a lam5tation ov] ,patroclus1 %e decl>es h[ t *ief k9dly enc\rag$ h] to be> up 9 h] wid[hood & captivity1 promis+ t %e %\ld be ! wife ( ,a*illes1 & t ! banquets1 :i*1 ) _! att5dant sacrifices1 seem to h con/itut$ = ! ,hom]ic ,greeks ! c]emonial ( m>riage1 %\ld be celebrat$ on _! return to ,ph?ia#idi4 ,i %\ld !re=e suppose t we might ) /rict ju/ice r5d] 1 9 ,il4 ix4 #ccf1 #8my bride2' always rememb]+ t we are deal+ ) a relation t 0 n gov]n$ by rules1 & t might virtually inure by usage only4 #idi ,il4 xix4 #bie-i4 ,! subsequ5t passage#iej1 9 :i* ! h]o speaks ( m>ry+ "s damsel ( ,hellas or ,ph?ia1 is q consi/5t ) ?is con/ruction1 =1 z x is pla9 t no actual m>riage _h be5 conclud$ betwe5 !m1 8 relation to ,briseis t]m9at$ ) h] removal de facto4 ,! same passage1 z well z ! cu/om ( ,greece1 makes x reasonable to und]/& t ! "m ( ,neoptolemus1 :oev] %e may h be51 0 n[ dead4 #iej ,il4 ix4 #cie-g4 ,mode ( contract+ m>riage4 ,inde$ x is to be rememb]$ all along1 t we are speak+ ( a /ate1 r ?an an act4 ,we "k no?+ ( a c]emonial ( ,hom]ic m>riage beyond ! ex*ange ( gifts & ! celebration ( fe/ivities 9 connection ) ! domicile1 nei!r ( :i* c\ld ord9>ily h place 9 ! case ( a captive :ile cont9u+ su*4 ,%e w\ld gr[ into a wife 9 virtue ( int5tion on ! "p ( h] "l1 confirm$ by habit1 & seal$ by a full recognition :5 ! circum/ances1 t w\ld alone admit ( x1 %\ld h arriv$4 ,! concub9age ( ! ,greek *iefs1 practis$ z x 0 dur+ a long abs5ce f home1 be>s an entirely diff]5t dome/ic & social "* f t ( ,priam4 ,x cle>ly con/itutes1 especially if ! connections 7 s+le1 ! milde/ & lea/ lic5ti\s ( all ! =ms 9 :i* ! obligations ( ! m>riage tie c\ld be relax$4 ,! pres5ce ( a concub9e )9 ! prec9ct ( ! family seems to h be5 diff]5tly view$ by ! ,greeks2 = "h1 & "h only1 d we f9d ! disp>ag+ ^w 7:5ce ! ,lat9 pellex7 appli$ to a p]son 9 t position4 ,! two cases ( x are z foll[s4 ,9 "o ( !m ,ulysses feigns a /ory ( 8 hav+ be5 a son ( ! ,cretan ,ca/or1 born ( a 1 b 7:i* he m5tions z a dep>ture f ! g5]al rule7 reg>d$ by 8 fa!r z mu* z 7 8 legitimate *ildr5#iea4 ,! o!r is ! in/ance ( ,phnix 9 ! ,n9? ,iliad4 ,amyntor 8 fa!r _h an int5d$ or actual concub9e2 &1 be/[+ 8 affections on h]1 slight$ ! "m ( 8 *ild4 ,%e1 9 res5tm5t or self-def5ce1 entreat$ h] son ,phnix to cross or anticipate 8 fa!r#ieb1 & w9 ! woman to 8 own embraces#iec4 ,he compli$2 & ?us drew d[n ^u himself ! dire wra? & curses ( 8 fa!r1 :i* k9dl$ 8 own ang] 9 return2 b he re/ra9$ himself f ! act ( p>ricide1 & became a fugitive in/ead4 ,?is leg5d is some:at obscure2 b x appe>s to indicate pla9ly t concub9age 0 n a recognis$ in/itution among ! ,greeks1 z x seems to h be5 among ! ,trojans4 #iea ,od4 xiv4 #aii-bjd4 #ieb ,! expression is 4 #iec ,il4 ix4 #ddg1 & seqq4 ,s aga91 :5 ,la]tes _h pur*as$ ,euryclea#ied1 we are told t he nev] attempt$ to make h] 8 concub9e1 anticipat+ ! res5tm5t ( 8 wife4 ,x is pla91 !re=e1 t ?is w\ld h be5 an admitt$ (f5ce on 8 "p2 & accord+ly1 t concub9age 0 contr>y to ! ideas ( ,greece respect+ conjugal obligation4 #ied ,od4 i4 #dcc4 ,dignity ( conjugal mann]s4 ,)9 ! prec9ct ( ! ,greek m>riages1 :i* 0 secur$ & f5c$ 9 ! mann] we h se51 !re prevail$ t t5d]ness1 fre$om1 & elevation ( mann]s1 :i* 0 ! natural (fspr+ ( a sy/em 9 ! ma9 s s\nd & /rict4 ,! g5]al tone ( ! relations ( husb& & wife 9 ! ,hom]ic poems is ?or\ghly natural2 x is full ( dignity & w>m?2 a sort ( noble def]5ce1 reciprocally adju/$ accord+ to ! position ( ! giv] & ! receiv]1 prevails on ei!r side4 ,i w v5ture to add1 x is full also ( delicacy1 ?\gh we mu/ be cont5t to di/+ui%1 9 consid]+ ?is po9t1 betwe5 :at is ess5tial & :at is conv5tional1 & mu/ make "s all[ance = ! directness & simplicity ( expression t *>act]iz$ an artless age#iee4 #iee ,see ,fri$rei*1 ,reali51 c4 ii4 4 #ef4 pp4 #aif-bjj1 :]e ?is subject is excell5tly treat$4 ,) ?is delicacy 0 comb9$ a n less rem>kable fre$om 9 ! ,greek mann]s ) respect to wom54 ,we f9d ,p5elope appe>+ 9 h] palace at w1 on all ord9>y occasions1 be=e ! ,suitors2 al?\gh1 on ! o!r h&1 no woman w\ld be pres5t :]e any ?+ l lic5se 0 to be exhibit$1 z we may judge f ! case ( ! lay ( ,demodocus 9 ! ,eigh? ,odyssey4 ,! g5]al fre$om ( woman is h[ev] mo/ fully exhibit$ 9 ! case ( ,nausicaa4 ,%e goes =? into ! c\ntry ) h] maid5s unatt5d$4 ,:5 ,ulysses appe>s !re is no fe> ( him z a man1 or ev5 z a /rang]1 b only f 8 condition at ! mom5t4 ,?is difficulty %e surm\nts ) a dignity :i* %e c\ld n h possess$ by virtue ( h] p]sonal "* only1 nor except 9 a case :]e great lib]ty 0 habitually & traditionally enjoy$ by wom54 ,h] arrangem5t ( ! mann] 9 :i* he is to ent] ! city ap>t f h]1 & h] reg>d 9 ?is matt] to op9ion1 bo? re/ ^u ! same presumption ( h] fre$om f petty control1 z does h] playful dem& ^u ,ulysses = 1 or salvage4 ,aga91 h[ rem>kable x is t ,alc9\s1 f> f be+ surpris$ t 8 maid5 daught] %\ld h ent]$ into conv]sation ) a /rang]1 is actually on ! po9t ( f9d+ fault ) h] = n hav+ %[n a great] =w>dness1 & br\ght him home 9 h] own company3 a reproa*1 f :i* ,ulysses saves h] by 8 int]cession#ief4 #ief ,od4 vii4 #bih1 #cjg4 ,social position ( ! wife4 ,x is n only f ?is or t p>ticul>1 b x is f ! :ole tone ( ! int]c\rse ma9ta9$ betwe5 m5 & wom51 t we are really to judge :at is ! social position ( ! latt]4 ,& ?is tone x is :i* supplies su* conclusive evid5ce ) respect to ! age ( ,hom]4 ,a*illes obs]ves1 t love & c>e#ieg t[>ds a wife are a matt] ( c\rse ) e "r-m9d$ man4 ,love & c>e1 inde$1 may be %[n to a pet animal4 ,x is n on ! m]e words1 !re=e1 t we mu/ re/ our conclusions2 b ^u ! _s 9 :i* !y are spok51 & ! :ole circle ( signs ) :i* !y are associat$4 ,x is on ! reciprocity ( all ^? s5tim5ts betwe5 man & wife1 fa!r & daught]1 son & "m1 :i* are connect$ ) ! moral dignity ( ! human be+4 ,x is on ! confid5ce ex*ang$ betwe5 !m1 & ! lov+ lib]ty ( advice & exhortation f ! "o to ! o!r4 ,! social equality ( man & woman is ( c\rse to be und]/ood ) res]ves1 z is t o!r equality1 :i* nev]!less indicates a political tru? ( ! utmo/ importance1 ! equality ( all classes 9 ! eye ( ! law4 ,!re are diff]5ces 9 ! nature & con/itution ( ! two great divisions ( ! race1 to be met by adaptations ( treatm5t & ( occupation2 )\t su* adaptations1 ! seem+ equality w\ld be p>tiality alike dang]\s & irrational4 ,b1 subject to ^? res]ves1 we f9d 9 ,hom] ! fulness ( moral & intellig5t be+ alike consummate1 alike ackn[l$g$1 on ! "o side & on ! o!r4 ,! conv]sation ( ,hector & ,&roma*e 9 ! ,six? ,iliad1 ( ,ulysses & ,p5elope 9 ! ,tw5ty-?ird ,odyssey1 ! position ( ,arete at ! c\rt ( ,alc9\s1 & t ( ,hel5 9 ! palace ( ,m5elaus1 all tell "o & ! same tale4 ,ulysses1 = example1 :]e he wi%es to convey 8 supplication 9 ,s*]ia to ! ,k+1 does x by fall+ at ! ,que5's feet3 b %e does n supplicate h] husb&3 ! address to h] seems to h suffic$4 ,& ,hel5 appe>s1 9 ! palace ( ,m5elaus1 on su* a foot+ relatively to h] husb&1 z w\ld p]fectly befit ! pres5t relations ( man & woman4 ,nay1 we may take ! spee* ( ,hel5 9 ! ,six? ,iliad1 address$ to ,hector1 :]e %e t\*es on ! "* ( ,p>is1 z equal to any ( !m by way ( social indication4 ,:at we !re read is n ! sagacity or intellig5ce ( ! speak]1 b x is ! "r ( ! wife 7s to call h]7 to speak ab\t ! "* ( h] husb& & its fail+s1 h] ackn[l$g$ possession ( ! /&+ gr\nd f :i* %e c s speak1 & speak ) firmness1 nay1 ev5 ) an au?ority ( h] own4 #ieg ,il4 ix4 #cda4 ,:5 we see ,briseis1 ! wid[ ( a pr9ce1 %>+ ! b$ ( ,a*illes1 & deliv]$ ov] z a slave into ! h&s ( ,agamemnon1 :5 we f9d ,hector anticipat+ t ,&roma*e might be requir$ to p]=m m5ial (fices = a ,greek mi/ress1 & ,ne/or enc\rag+ ! army n to quit ,troy until !y _h =c$ ! ,trojan matrons into _! embraces1 we are /ruck ) pity & horror4 ,b we mu/ sep>ate betwe5 ! dang] & suff]+ :i* uni=mly dogs ! weak 9 times ( viol5ce1 mo/ ( all1 too1 aft] ! sack ( a city1 & :at belongs to ! age ( ,hom] 9 p>ticul>4 ,aft] ?is sep>ation has be5 effect$1 !re rema9s no?+ :i* ought to depress our views ( ! position ( woman 9 ! h]oic age4 ,! sons ( ,priam1 pr9ces ( ,troy1 7 sold into captivity by ,a*illes z he took !m#ieh3 ( c\rse ! pur*as]s put !m to m5ial employm5ts4 ,n only s1 b ,eumu1 ! fai?ful sw9eh]d & slave ( ,ulysses1 0 by bir? royal3 8 fa!r ,ctesios 0 k+ ( two weal?y & happy cities#iei4 ,f ! "n 1 x w\ld appe> probable t %e also1 ! *amb]-woman ( ! palace ( ,alc9\s1 ?\gh a captive1 0 ( noble bir?#ifj4 #ieh ,il4 xxi4 #dj4 #iei ,od4 xv4 #dac4 #ifj ,od4 vii4 #h4 ,!re is n 9 ! :ole ( ! poems an in/ance ( rude or abusive mann]s t[>ds woman z su*1 or ( lib]ties tak5 ) !m 9 ! c\rse ( daily life4 ,if ,melan?o gets h>d words1 x is n z a woman1 b = h] vice & insol5ce4 ,! conduct ( ! ,i?acan ,suitors to ,p5elope1 z x is repres5t$ 9 ! ,odyssey1 af=ds ! /ronge/ evid5ce ( ! respect 9 :i* wom5 7 held4 ,h] son _h be5 a *ild3 !re 0 no /rong p>ty ( adh]5ts to ! family2 yet ! highfl[n insol5ce ( ! ,suitors1 dem&+ t %e %\ld m>ry aga91 is kept at bay = ye>s1 & nev] proce$s to viol5ce4 ,=ce ( conjugal atta*m5ts4 ,we f9d ?r\gh\t ! poems ^? signs ( ! ov]p[]+ =ce ( conjugal atta*m5ts :i*1 f all t has prec$$1 we might expect4 ,:ile admitt+ ! sup]ior beauty ( ,calypso z an ,immortal1 ,ulysses frankly owns to h] t 8 he>t is p9+ e day = ,p5elope#ifa4 ,x is ! highe/ hon\r ( a h]o to die fight+ on behalf ( 8 wife & *ildr54 ,! cont9uance ( dome/ic happ9ess1 & ! concord ( man & wife1 is a bless+ s great1 t x excites ! envy ( ! gods1 & !y int]rupt x by "s adv]se disp5sation#ifb4 ,& no wond]2 = no?+ has e>? to (f] bett]1 ?an :5 man & wife dwell toge!r 9 unity ( _s3 _! fri5ds rejoice1 _! foes rep9e3 ! human he>t has no?+ m to desire#ifc4 ,!re is "h app>5tly involv$ t great & *>act]i/ic idea ( ! conjugal relation1 t x includes & conc5trates 9 itself all o!r loves4 ,& ?is v idea is express$ by ,&roma*e1 :]e1 aft] relat+ ! slaught] ( h] family by ,a*illes1 %e tells ,hector1 #8,hector1 nay b ?\ art = me a fa!r1 & a "m1 & a bro!r1 z well z ! husb& ( my y\?#ifd4' ,to :i* he 9 ! same _s ( enl>g$ atta*m5t replies1 by say+ t nei!r ! fate ( ,troy1 :i* he sees approa*+1 nor ( ,hecuba1 nor ( ,priam1 nor ( 8 bro!rs1 c move 8 s\l l ! ?\ght1 t ,&roma*e w z a captive weave ! web1 & be> ! pit*]1 = "s dame ( ,messe or ( ,hyp]eia#ife4 #ifa ,od4 v4 #bae4 #ifb ,od4 xxiii4 #baj4 #ifc ,od4 vi4 #ahj-e4 #ifd ,il4 vi4 #dbi1 #cj4 ,comp>e ! foll[+3 ,dom9o suo1 im ,patri2 conjugi suo1 im ,fratri2 ancilla sua1 im filia3 ipsius uxor1 im soror2 ,abl>do1 ,heloissa4 ,abl4 ,opp4 #ife ,il4 vi4 #dej-g4 ,woman-*>act]s ( ,hom]4 ,) ! pictures :i* we ?us f9d l>gely scatt]$ ov] ! poems1 ( ! relations ( woman to o!rs1 ! *>act]s :i* ,hom] has giv5 u ( woman h]self are 9 ?or\gh h>mony4 ,among 8 liv+ *>act]s we d n f9d ! viragos1 ! t]magants1 ! inc>nate fi5ds1 ( ! lat] leg5ds4 ,nay1 ! woman ( ,hom] nev] dreams ( us+ viol5ce1 ev5 z a protection aga9/ wrong4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 t he does n ev5 pres5t to u ! h]o9e 9 any m pron\nc$ =m1 ?an t ( ! moral endurance ( ,p5elope4 ,! h]o9e prop]1 ! ,joan ( ,arc1 is c]ta9ly a noble creation3 b yet "o p]haps imply+ a /ate ( ?+s m abnormal1 ?an t :i* _h be5 rea*$ by ! ,greeks ( ! ,hom]ic age4 ,! pictures ( wom51 :i* ,hom] pres5ts to u1 are p]fect pictures2 b !y are pictures simply ( mo!rs1 matrons1 si/]s1 daught]s1 maid5s1 wives4 ,! description :i* ! ,poet has giv5 u ( ! viol5ce & depravity ( ,clytemne/ra1 is ! g5u9e c\nt]p>t ( 8 high conception ( ! nature ( woman#iff3 #iff ,od4 xi4 #dbg4 1 4 ,=1 9 proportion z t nature is elevat$ & pure1 does x become m %ameful & degrad$ :51 by a total suppression ( its bett] in/9cts1 x has be5 giv5 ov] to wick$ness4 ,( ! m9or infirmities ( our nature1 z well z ( its gross] faults1 ! wom5 ( ,hom] betray mu* less ?an ! m54 ,n[h]e has he introduc$ into a prom95t position ! "* ( a vici\s woman4 ,! only in/ance ( ! k9d is among a portion ( ! female att5dants 9 ! palace ( ,ulysses1 :]e1 out ( fifty1 no m ?an twelve 7 at la/ ! will+ tools1 hav+ at fir/#ifg be5 ! reluctant victims1 ( ! lu/ ( ! pr\d & rapaci\s b& ( ,suitors4 ,clytemne/ra1 inde$1 appe>s z a l(ty crim9al 9 ! p]spective ( ! poem1 b h] wick$ness1 too1 is :olly d]ivative4 gi/hus corrupts h] by a long c\rse ( ef=t1 =1 z ,hom] in=ms u1 %e _h be5 a "r-m9d$ p]son2 ' #ifh4 ,on ! "o side we h only to place h] & ! saucy slut ,melan?o2 on ! o!r1 we h ,&roma*e1 ,hecuba1 & ,briseis 9 ! ,iliad2 9 ! ,odyssey1 ,p5elope & ,euryclea1 ,arete & ,nausicaa2 ! slightly drawn figures1 su* z t ( ! "m ( ,ulysses 9 ! ,elev5? ,odyssey1 are 9 ! same _s z ! m full del9eations4 ,!re is n a s+le case 9 ! poems to qualify ! obs]vation1 fir/1 t ! woman ( ,hom] is pr(\ndly fem99e3 secondly1 t %e is commonly ! prop ( virtue1 r>ely ! in/rum5t1 & 79 ?is rev]s+ ! ord] ( ! fir/ temptation7 nev] ! s\rce1 ( corruption4 #ifg ,od4 xxii4 #cg4 #ifh ,od4 iii4 #bff4 ,9 company ) all t we h se51 we likewise f9d t ! limits ( ! position ( woman are c>efully m>k$1 & t %e fully compreh5ds !m4 ,!re is n[h]e ?r\gh\t ! poems a s+le ef=t at self-ass]tion3 ! gr\nd t %e holds1 %e holds )\t dispute4 ,if at any po9t a /umbl+block c\ld be likely to be f\nd1 x w\ld be betwe5 a "m j p>t+ ) h] au?ority1 & a son newly come ( age4 ,yet ,p5elope & ,telema*us nev] cla%1 & ?or\ghly und]/& "o ano!r4 ,aga91 ! ,hom]ic man1 ev5 ! ,hom]ic good man1 is sometimes ! subject ( ha/y1 vehem5t1 & tumultu\s passions2 ! woman nev]4 ,%e f9ds h] p[] 9 g5tl5ess2 %e rules ) a silk5 ?read2 %e is em95t = ! uni=mity ( h] self-comm&1 & = ! obs]vance ( measure 9 all ! relations ( life4 ,! misogynism :i* m>k$ ,euripides & o!r lat] writ]s has1 & c\ld h1 no place 9 ,hom]3 ! moral /&>d ( 8 wom5 is high] ?an t ( 8 m52 _! (fice1 :i* !y p]=m )\t fault1 is to love & to m9i/]1 & _! rew>d to lean on ^? :om !y s]ve4 ,! l[] aspect ( ! relation betwe5 ! two sexes is 9 ! poems :olly second>y4 ,all t t5ds to s5sualize x is commonly repell$ or hidd51 &1 :5 br\ght into m5tion at all1 is yet c>efully & anxi\sly depress$4 ,ev5 ! cases ( exception1 :i* lie beyond ! pale ( m>riage1 are kept 9 a c]ta9 analogy ) x1 & are z f> z possible remov$ f ! promiscu\s & brutal indulg5ce1 :i* m>k$ ! lat] ,pagan ages1 includ+ ^? ( ! greate/ pride & spl5d\r1 & :i* /ill s deeply ta9ts ! societies ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,we may f9d1 if x be ne$$1 "s fur!r evid5ce ( ! high position ( woman ^u e>? 9 ! relation subsi/+ betwe5 ! ,hom]ic gods & goddesses respectively4 ,= t relation approa*es z ne>ly z may be to equality 9 =ce & intellig5ce1 :ile 9 purity ! latt] are on ! :ole sup]ior4 ,aft] ,jupit]1 ! deities mo/ elevat$ 9 ,hom] are1 ,juno & ,m9]va1 ,neptune & ,apollo2 & ( all ^!1 ,i ?9k1 we mu/ consid] ,m9]va to h /ood fir/ 9 8 e/imation4 ,?is arrangem5t c\ld n b h>monize )1 :ile x also s]ves to measure1 8 ideas ( ! e>?ly place & "* ( woman4 ,a simil> inf]5ce is sugge/$ by ! t5d5cy ( ! ,greeks to en%r9e _m ideas1 sometimes great1 & occasionally bo? great & good1 9 fem99e imp]sonations4 ,we w1 la/ly1 inquire into ! employm5ts ( wom5 9 ! h]oic age2 bo? to asc]ta9 h[ ne>ly !y c\ld approa* to ! summits ( society1 & also :at 0 _! g5]al %>e 9 ! division ( occupations4 ,wom5 7 admitt$ to sov]eignty4 ,among nations :]e w>1 homicide1 & piracy s ext5sively prevail$1 x is c]ta9ly des]v+ ( peculi> consid]ation1 t we %\ld f9d any traces ( ! ex]cise ( sov]eignty by a woman4 ,!re are h[ev] ?ree cases 9 ! poems1 :i* 9 a great] or less degree s]ve to imply t x 0 nei!r unkn[n nor :olly unfamili>4 #a4 ,&roma*e /ates1 t h] "m 0 que5 9 ,hypoplacian ,!bes4 ,! ^w is #ifi4 ,x implies m ?an be+ ! m]e wife ( a k+2 ?\gh1 z x 0 dur+ ! life "t ( h] husb& ,eetion1 we _c ju/ly inf] f x t !re 0 "h any ex]cise ( indep5d5t sov]eign p[]4 ,x is ! only in/ance 9 ! ,iliad1 :]e we h any ^w1 t has = its basis1 appli$ to a woman4 #ifi ,il4 vi4 #dbe4 #b4 ,! common tradition is1 t ,jason acquir$ possession ( ,lemnos by m>riage ) ,hypsipyle its que54 ,?is is s f> support$ by ,hom] t1 :ile ,jason cle>ly appe>s 9 ! poems z a ,greek1 we not)/&+ f9d 8 son sov]eign ( ,lemnos1 )\t any indication ( a conque/ or regul> migration1 & ,hypsipyle is m5tion$ z 8 "m4 ,! simple fact t ! "m1 contr>y to ,hom]'s usual practice1 is 9 ?is case nam$ z well z ! fa!r1 raises a presumption t x is because %e _h reign$ 9 ! isl&#igj4 #igj ,il4 vii4 #dfh1 #i4 ,9 ! ,elev5? ,odyssey we are told t ,neleus1 ! y\ng] ( ! two illegitimate sons ( ,tyro1 came to dwell 9 ,pylos1 & t he m>ri$ ,*loris1 ! y\nge/ daught] ( ,amphion an ,iasid1 giv+ l>ge pres5ts to obta9 h] h&#iga4 ,! text proce$s1 #iga ,od4 xi4 #bed-g1 #bha-e4 1 4 ,?is may mean t %e became 8 que5 :5 he 0 k+ ( ,pylos3 or x may mean t he became h] husb& :5 %e 0 already que5 !re4 ,! ,odyssey discloses to u ! mann] 9 :i*1 "u circum/ances l ^? ( ! ,trojan w>1 sov]eign p[] w\ld naturally pass into female h&s o!rwise ?an by inh]itance4 ,x w\ld appe> t1 :5 ,agamemnon set sail = ,troy1 he left ,clytemne/ra 9 *>ge ( 8 affairs z well z ( 8 "y son ,ore/es1 only tak+ ! precaution to provide h] ) a tru/wor?y c\nsellor 9 ! p]son ( 8 ,b>d#igb4 ,z x 0 by inveigl+ ,clytemne/ra t gi/hus obta9$ ! sov]eign p[]1 %e mu/ evid5tly h be5 its depository4 #igb ,od4 iii4 #bfc-h4 ,9 l mann] x w\ld appe>1 t ,p5elope 0 left 9 *>ge ( ,telema*us by ,ulysses :5 he w5t to ,troy1 & t ,m5tor 0 appo9t$ to p]=m = h] "s su* fri5dly (fice1 z t :i* ! ,b>d und]took = ,clytemne/ra4 ,! /atem5t "h is1 t ,ulysses committ$ to him au?ority ov] 8 :ole h\sehold#igc4 ,b x is pla9 t ,p5elope _h ! indoor managem5t2 s9ce ,telema*us speaks ( ! mode 9 :i* %e regulat$ ! reception ( /rang]s#igd1 & we he> ( h] rule 9 o!r matt]s#ige4 ,"h we see op5+s = ! natural =mation ( ! ^w 1 :i* seems orig9ally to h meant1 n a k+'s wife m]ely1 b a woman 9 ! actual ex]cise ( royal au?ority2 & :i* fir/ appe>s 9 ! ,odyssey4 #igc ,od4 ii4 #bbe-g4 #igd ,od4 xx4 #abi-cc4 comp4 xix1 #cag4 sqq4 #ige ,od4 xxii4 #dbf1 #g4 ,! ord9>y occupation ( wom5 ( ! highe/ rank 9 ! poems is und\bt$ly to sit engag$1 along ) _! maid5s ( ! h\sehold1 9 sp9n+1 weav+1 or embroid]y4 ,?us we f9d x ) ,hel51 ,p5elope1 & ,&roma*e4 ,b :5 ,hector bids ,&roma*e retire to ^! duties1 he speaks ( !m 9 contradi/9ction n to all o!r duties1 b to w>1 :i*1 z he says1 is ! affair ( m54 ,ev5 ?is rule1 h[ev]1 0 subject to exception4 ,! ,bell]ophon ( ,hom] fights ) ! ,amazons#igf2 & ! "p tak5 by ! goddesses 9 ! ,!oma*y %[s1 t ! idea ( wom5-soldi]s 0 n :olly /range to 8 m9d2 z x is 9 fact to ?is day1 ,i believe1 less attractively exemplifi$ 9 ! ,african k+dom ( ,dahomey4 ,b manual employm5ts1 tak5 alone1 w\ld n af=d a j crit]ion4 ,! dialogues ( ! spee*es cle>ly %[ t !n1 z n[1 ! woman 0 conc]n$ 9 all t conc]n$ h] husb&4 #igf ,il4 vi4 #ahf4 ,& to ! s]vice ( ! gods4 ,next to political supremacy1 we may naturally inquire h[ f> wom5 7 qualifi$ = ! s]vice ( ! gods4 ,we h v>i\s signs1 m or less cle>1 ( _! %>+ 9 x4 ,! ref]5ce to ! ,nurses ( ,dionysus _c be :olly )\t =ce 9 ?is direction4 ,! ab/raction ( ,alcyone by ,apollo has probably a m positive connection ) female m9i/ry4 ,b we are provid$1 z f> z ,troy at lea/ is conc]n$1 ) "o cle> & conclusive in/ance4 ,! ,six? ,iliad af=ds u a glimpse ( a female prie/hood1 & a wor%ip conf9$ to wom51 t subsi/$ among ! ,trojans4 ,hel5us1 al>m$ at ! feats ( ,diom$1 urges ,hector to desire ,hecuba to collect ! ag$ wom5 = a procession to ! temple ( ,a!ne1 ) a robe = a gift1 & ) ! promise ( a hecatomb 7,il4 vi4 #ge-aja74 ,hector !n acqua9ts ! troops1 t he 0 go+ to desire ! old c\nsellors & ! matrons ( ! city to supplicate ! deities1 & to promise hecatombs 7iii4 #ae74 ,!re seems to be some?+ ( policy 9 ! way 9 :i* he ?us g5]alizes1 = ! army1 8 acc\nt ( ! design3 p]haps afraid ( ! effect t might be produc$ by its peculi> "*4 ,:5 he f9ds ,hecuba1 he lays ^u h] precisely ! injunction t ,hel5us _h recomm5d$4 ,%e s5ds h] female s]vants to collect ! ag$ wom5 ?r\gh ! city 7#bhf1 #g74 ,%e leads !m to ! temple ( ,a!ne 9 ! citadel4 ,!y are !re receiv$ by ,!ano1 :o _h be5 appo9t$1 app>5tly by ! ,trojan public#igg1 prie/ess to t deity4 ,!ano takes ! robe f ,hecuba1 & h]self (f]s x & prays4 ,h] pray] is = ! city1 & n = ! m5 by "n1 b = ! wives & infants3 & h] promise is1 we w sacrifice1 1 twelve1 n ox51 b heif]s1 ye>l+s1 unt\*$ by ! goad 7,il4 vi4 #bif-caj74 ,?us ! fem99e elem5t runs ap>t ?r\gh ! :ole4 #igg ,eu/a?4 9 loc4 ,we h no reason to conclude t ?is ord] ( ?+s 0 exceptional2 = ?\gh ! "t 0 "o ( peculi> dang] & em]g5cy1 ! temple1 ! wor%ip1 & ! prie/hood /& be=e u z belong+ to ! regul> in/itutions ( ,troy4 ,we h no case l t ( ,!ano among ! ,greeks4 ,x c\ld1 inde$1 h>dly be expect$2 z prie/hood _h n yet gr[n to be an ,hell5ic in/itution4 ,yet1 :ile ! direct =ce ( ! n>rative speaks = ,troy alone1 we are ju/ifi$ 9 giv+ x a m g5]al significance1 because ! ,greek woman is app>5tly r be=e ?an beh9d ! ,trojan "o 9 influ5ce1 & 9 ! sub/antiv5ess ( h] position4 ,9 ! ,trojan g5ealogy#igh no notice is tak5 ( wom52 nor h we any means ( judg+ :e!r !y 7 reg>d$ z capable ( succession to ! ?rone1 or :at 0 _! political & hi/orical importance4 ,b among ! ,greek races ?is 0 cle>ly great4 ,! l>ge numb] ( wom5 :om ,hom] has introduc$ 9 ! realm ( ,aides1 & ! p>ts assign$ to !m1 are pla9 indications ( _! important %>e 9 ! movem5t ( ,greek hi/ory4 #igh ,il4 xx4 #bae-dj4 ,_! h\sehold employm5ts4 ,! apportionm5t ( ! ord9>y employm5ts ( wom5 appe>s to h be5 manag$ 9 g5]al accordance ) ! suppositions1 t[>ds :i* all ! =ego+ facts w\ld lead u4 ,we h !m indicat$ 9 a great v>iety ( passages ( ! poems1 f among :i* we may select two 9 p>ticul>4 ,! fir/ relates to ,circe & h] att5dant ,nymphs2 b we may take x z an exact copy ( ! arrangem5ts ( a pr9ce's h\sehold4 ,circe has f\r female s]vants1 :o are call$ 4 ,! fir/ provides ! seats ) ! prop] cov]+s2 ! second prep>es & lays ! tables2 ! ?ird mixes ! w9e & br+s ! goblets2 ! f\r? c>ries wat]1 & lights ! fire to boil x#igi4 #igi ,od4 x4 #cdh-ei4 ,! second passage exhibits to u ! h\sehold ( ,ulysses at ! break ( day1 :5 ! 9-door & out-door s]vants are sett+ ab\t _! morn+ duties4 ,!re 7 fifty wom5 s]vants4 ,( ^! twelve 7 employ$ z fl\r-gr9d]s 772 & ?is appe>s to h be5 ! mo/ labori\s employm5t among all ^? assign$ to wom54 ,elev5 ( ! twelve h f9i%$ _! task & retir$ to re/2 ! twelf? rema9s till ! morn+ at h] "w1 & curses ! ,suitors :o cause h] su* fatigue#ihj4 #ihj ,od4 xx4 #aje4 ,cf4 xxii4 #dba4 ,x is n[ dawn#iha4 ,"p ( ! maid-s]vants are light+ ! fire4 ,! old b active ,euryclea is up betimes1 & has#ihb ! place ( h\sekeep]4 ,%e desires a "p ( !m to set sm>tly ab\t sweep+ ! h\se1 & putt+ ! prop] cov]s on ! furniture2 ano!r "p are to wipe ! tables & ! cups2 a ?ird bevy1 no few] ?an tw5ty 9 numb]1 are dispat*$ = wat]#ihc4 #iha ,od4 xx4 #abb4 #ihb ,od4 xxii4 #dbe4 #ihc ,ibid4 #adi-ef1 #aeh4 ,meantime ! m5-s]vants 7 or 7#ihd ( ! ,suitors h made _! appe>ance1 & !y set ab\t prep>+ logs = ! fire4 ,!n come 9 f ! c\ntry ! sw9eh]d ) 8 sw9e1 ! goa!rd ) 8 goats2 &1 f ov] ! wat]1 ! c[h]d ) 8 c[1 & ) m goats4 #ihd ,od4 xvi4 #bdh1 #ec4 xx4 #afj4 ,tak+ ! g5]al evid5ce ( ! poems1 x /&s ?us4 ,( agricultural op]ations1 we f9d wom5 %>+ only 9 ! light] lab\rs ( ! v9tage#ihe2 or p]haps act+ z %eph]desses#ihf4 ,! m5 pl\gh1 s[1 reap1 t5d cattle & live /ock g5]ally2 !y hunt & !y fi%2 & !y c>ry to ! f>m ! manure t is accumulat$ ab\t ! h\se#ihg4 #ihe ,il4 xviii4 #efg4 #ihf ,su* seems to be ! mo/ probable mean+ ( ,il4 xxii4 #abf-h4 #ihg ,od4 xvii4 #bii4 ,)9 doors1 ! wom5 seem to h ! :ole duty 9 _! h&s1 except ! prep>ation ( firewood & ( animal food4 ,! m5 kill1 cut up1 dress1 & c>ve ! animals t are to be eat54 ,! wom51 on ! o!r h&1 sp91 weave1 wa% ! clo!s1 clean ! h\se1 gr9d ! corn1 bake ! bread & s]ve x#ihh1 ) all ! vegetable or mix$ food1 or :at may be call$ made di%es#ihi 7 74 ,!y also prep>e ! table1 & h& ! ew] ) ! bas9 = wa%+4 ,& a portion ( !m act z imm$iate att5dants to ! mi/ress ( ! palace1 ,&roma*e1 ,p5elope1 or ,hel54 #ihh ,od4 iv4 #fbc4 #ihi ,od4 vii4 #agb-f1 et alibi4 ,_! s]vice ab\t ! ba?4 ,?us f> all is easy & becom+2 b an app>5t difficulty confronts u :5 we f9d1 t x 0 ! usage = wom5 to und]take c]ta9 duties connect$ ) ! ba?+ ( m54 ,sometimes ?is 0 done by s]vants2 ?us x 0 manag$ = ,telema*us & ,pisi/ratus 9 ! palace ( ,m5elaus1 & = ,ulysses 9 t ( ! ,phacian k+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x 0 sometimes an (fice ( hospitality r5d]$ by wom51 & ev5 by "y damsels1 ( ! highe/ rank1 to di/+ui%$ /rang]s ( _! own age or o!rwise4 ,polyca/e1 ! "y & fair daught] ( ,ne/or1 7z ! text is commonly int]pret$17 ba!d & ano9t$ ,telema*us1 & put on him a cloak & ve/#iij4 ,hel5 h]self1 :5 %e 0 liv+ 9 ,troy1 p]=m$ ! l (fices = ,ulysses1 on ! occasion ( 8 mission ?i!r 9 ! disguise ( a begg>#iia3 #iij ,od4 iii4 #dfd-h4 #iia ,od4 iv4 #beb4 ' 1 4444 ,& la/ly1 ! goddess ,circe dis*>g$ ! v same function1 ) "s addition to ! description1 on behalf ( ,ulysses h] visitor4 ,= "h x is explicitly /at$1 t %e p\r$ wat] ov] 8 head & %\ld]s#iib3 #iib ,od4 x4 #cfa4 ' ' 1 1 4 ,?is usage has giv5 occasion1 z 0 p]haps to be expect$1 to mu* criticism#iic ^u ! immode/ habits ( ,hom] & 8 age4 ,pa9s h also be5 tak5 9 _! def5ce#iid4 ,& c]ta9ly1 if !re be ne$ ( a def5ce1 ,eu/a?ius does n supply "o by plead+1 t x 0 ! cu/om ( ! "t1 & t ! ,pylian pr9cess d\btless act$ by ! comm& ( h] fa!r#iie4 ,:at is want$ appe>s to me n to be def5ce1 b simply ! cle>+ away ( misappreh5sions z to ! facts4 #iic ,see ,pope on ,od4 iii4 #dfd-h4 #iid ,ngelsba*1 ,hom4 ,!ol4 v4 #cd4 #iie ,eu/a?4 9 loc4 #adgg4 ,x w\ld assur$ly be /range1 7 we to detect real immode/y among su* wom5 ( ! h]oic age z ,hom] has describ$ to u2 or ev5 among su* m54 ,at a p]iod :5 ! exposure1 among m5 only1 ( ! p]son ( a man con/itut$ ! la/ extremity ( %ameful puni%m5t#iif1 & :5 ev5 9 circum/ances ( ! utmo/ necessity ,ulysses exhibit$ s mu* c>e to avoid any?+ ( ! k9d#iig1 x is almo/ ( itself incr$ible t habitually1 among p]sons ( ! highe/ rank & "*1 & )\t any necessity at all1 su* ?+s %\ld take place4 ,&1 z x is n cr$ible1 s nei!r1 ,i ?9k1 is x true4 #iif ,il4 ii4 #bfj-d4 #iig ,od4 vi4 #abf-h4 ,x may be obs]v$1 t !re is no case ( ablution ?us p]=m$ 9 ! ,iliad4 ,b ?is appe>s to be only = ! same reason1 z t :i* makes ! meals ( ! camp m simple1 ?an ^? :i* 7 s]v$ 9 ! tranquillity ( peace & home4 ,explanations ( ! presum$ difficulty4 ,! words commonly employ$ by ,hom] 9 ?is matt] ref] to two sep>ate p>ts ( ! op]ation3 fir/1 ! ba?+ & ano9t+1 !n ! dress+4 ,!y are commonly = ! fir/ & 3 = ! second 1 ) ! names ( ! prop] ve/m5ts add$ 7,od4 iii4 #dfg72 #iih 4 #iih ,or 1 z 9 ,od4 x4 #cfe4 ,b ! :ole "q1 9 my view1 really dep5ds ^u ?is3 :e!r ! v]bs us$ mean ! p]=mance ( a p>ticul> op]ation1 or ! giv+ to ! p]son conc]n$ ! means ( do+ x = himself4 ,j z by fe$+ ! poor1 we mean giv+ !m :]e)al to fe$ !mselves4 ,?is is ! sugge/ion ( ,wakefield#iii1 & ,i believe x to be ! satisfactory & conclusive solution ( ! :ole "q4 ,we might be prevail$ ^u to travel a good way 9 company ) ,h]oic simplicity1 & yet n q be able to rea* ! po9t :i* ! opposite int]pretation w\ld require4 #iii ,on ,pope1 ,od4 iii4 #dfd-h4 ,i ?9k t ! con/ruction1 :i* ,i h indicat$ z ! prop] "o1 is conclusively made good1 fir/ by ! g5]al rules = ! s5se ( ! words 1 1 & k9dr$ words 9 ,hom]3 & secondly1 by ! detail$ evid5ce ( facts4 ,:5 ! gue/s at a fea/ wa% _! h&s1 ! /&>d expression is 9 ! middle voice1 ' 4 ,:5 ,ulysses & ,diom$ wa%$ 9 ! sea1 ! expression is 3 :5 !y aft]w>ds ba!d & ano9t$ !mselves1 x is 1 1 #ajjj4 ,to sme> arr[s ) poison is #ajja4 ,= ! maid5s ( ,nausicaa1 :5 !y ba! & are ano9t$1 we h & #ajjb4 ,9 fact ! usage is g5]al4 #ajjj ,il4 x4 #egb-g4 #ajja ,od4 i4 #bfb4 #ajjb ,od4 vi4 #if2 cf4 #bai1 #bj4 ,! case /&s r diff]5tly ) 4 ,"h ! active usage is1 ,i believe1 ! common "o4 ,b !re is ample au?ority = ! conv]se or active use ( ! middle voice1 :i* corresponds ) ! middle use ( ! active4 ,z = in/ance1 ' ' #ajjc4 #ajjc ,il4 x4 #ccc4 ,cf4 ,od4 xi4 #dbg4 ,!re c !re=e surely be no reason to d\bt t 9 ?is place foll[s ! incl9ation ( ! lead+ words ( ! passages1 & signifies1 t z ! wat] & ! oil1 s likewise ! fre% clo?+ to put on1 7 giv5 by ! damsel = ! purpose1 b by no means t ! op]ations1 or any ( !m1 7 actually p]=m$ by h]4 ,if ! ^w meant #8to put on1' !re w\ld be1 z ,eu/a?ius#ajjd obs]ves1 an 1 = ! 0 z a matt] ( c\rse put on be=e ! 4 ,b if x means #8to give = ! purpose ( putt+ on1' !n !re is no solecism 9 ! mode ( expression4 #ajjd ,on ,od4 iii4 #dfg4 ,we mu/ n1 h[ev]1 pass by ! case ( ,circe 9 ! ,t5? ,odyssey1 :]e1 z we h se51 x is /at$ t ! wat] 0 actually p\r$ by ! ,sorc]ess ov] ! head & %\ld]s ( ,ulysses4 ,x is also true t ! old ^w 1 equival5t to 1 is us$ !re 9 ! active voice4 ,^u ?is ,i obs]ve ?ree ?+s3 #a4 ,! /atem5t t ! wat] 0 p\r$ ov] 8 head & %\ld]s1 z he sat 9 ! ba?1 evid5tly implies t :at may be call$ ess5tial dec5cy 0 pres]v$4 #b4 ,ev5 if x 7 n s1 we c\ld n 9 ?is po9t argue f ! mann]s or morals ( a ,phnician goddess to ^? ( a ,greek damsel4 #c4 ,! mean+ probably ( is middle1 9 ?is z well z 9 ! o!r cases3 %e gave him wat] to wa% )1 p\r+ x ov] 8 head & %\ld]s1 & !n leav+ to him ! sub/ance ( ! op]ation1 :i* 0 n complet$ by ?is m]e act ( affusion4 ,case ( ,ulysses l&$ 9 ,s*]ia4 ,f9ally1 let u consid] ! evid5ce f ! case ( ,ulysses 9 ,s*]ia1 :i* appe>s ( itself conclusive4 #a4 ,9 ,od4 vii4 #bif4 ,ulysses says t ,nausicaa 7accord+ to ! popul> con/ruction ( ! t]m7 ba!d him3 ' 4 #b4 ,b f ,od4 vi4 #baj1 we f9d t :at %e did 0 n to ba! him1 b to give ord]s to h] att5dants t he %\ld be ba!d1--t is1 %\ld be provid$ ) ! requisites = ba?+4 ,h] words 71 ' 1 ' ' 4 #c4 ,^u ?is !y took him to a recess1 gave him clo?+ & oil1 & bid him ba! himself1 ' 3 ^u :i* he reque/$ !m to /& (f1 z o!rwise he c\ld n proce$3 ' 7ibid4 #bah-bb74 ,x w\ld appe> !re=e1 t ! /atem5ts ( ,hom] give no gr\nd :atev] = s9i/] or disp>ag+ imputation4 ,8 pictures d n entirely correspond ) mod]n ideas3 b !y may well leave on our m9ds ! impression t1 9 ! p]iod he describ$1 if ! /&>d ( appe>ances 9 ?is dep>tm5t 0 l[]1 t ( positive ?\ght & action 0 high]1 z well z simpl]1 ?an 9 our own day4 ,we h n[ conclud$ :at x seem$ ne$ful to say on ! employm5ts ( wom54 ,subsequ5t decl5sion ( ! place ( woman4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 little likely t a /ate ( ?+s1 su* z has be5 describ$1 %\ld la/4 ,! idea ( m>riage 0 9 aft]times greatly l[]$1 toge!r ) ! moral tone 9 g5]al2 & ! v "n ( 1 ) its k9dr$ words1 und]w5t a *ange ( s5se1 & 0 made applicable to su* a relation z t e/abli%$ betwe5 ! ,greek *iefta9s 9 ! w> ( ,troy & _! captives 9 cases :]e !y _h wives already#ajje4 #ajje ,! case ( ,a*illes1 :o calls ,briseis 8 wife1 & :o _h no o!r1 has be5 already discuss$4 ,?us1 9 ! ,hecuba ( ,euripides1 z ! "m ( ,cass&ra1 %e int]c$es ) ,agamemnon to av5ge ! murd] ( h] son ,polydorus1 on ! gr\nd t ! y\? _h become a 1 or relation by aff9ity to ,agamemnon1 :o _h a wife already#ajjf3 #ajjf ,hecuba1 #hag4 4 ,&1 9 ! ,troades1 ,cass&ra has ) ,agamemnon c]ta9 7#beh72 & aga91 #ajjg4 #ajjg ,ibid4 #dd4 cf4 v]4 #ceh4 ,simil> language is us$ 9 ! case ( ,&roma*e#ajjh4 ,! ideas ( ! h]oic age w\ld h admitt$ no su* depravation ( m>riage4 #ajjh ,ibid4 #gbd4 ,9 tru? x w\ld seem n only z if1 be=e ,*ri/ianity appe>$1 not)/&+ ! advance ( civilization1 ! idea & place ( woman 7 bel[ :at !y %\ld h be51 b actually z if1 ) respect to all t 0 mo/ ess5tial1 !y sank ) ! lapse ( "t4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! views ( ! m>riage /ate ent]ta9$ 9 ! h]oic age1 & at ! p]iod :i* we reg>d z ! acm ( ! ,greek civilization1 w1 p]haps1 be be/ conceiv$ by ref]r+ to ! passage ascrib$ to ,demo/h5es1 z x is quot$ by ,a!nu1 :i* expla9s succ9ctly ! sev]al uses ( pro/itutes1 concub9es1 & wives1 app>5tly z classes all alike recognis$1 & )\t any note ( a moral diff]5ce 9 _! social position & repute respectively4 ,! fir/ are = pleasure1 ! second = daily use1 ! la/ = legitimate (fspr+1 & = good h\sekeep+#ajji4 #ajji ,a!nu xiii4 #ca4 ,dll+] ,heid4 u4 ,jud4 ix4 #ca4 ,& yet x cont9u$ to be1 9 ! "t ( ,ari/otle1 a fav\rable di/9ction ( ,greece z comp>$ ) ! b>b>ians1 t ! woman 0 n ) !m equival5t to ! slave4 ,?r\gh\t _! hi/ory !y cont9u$ to be a nation ( monogami/s1 except :]e !y became locally ta9t$ ) ori5tal mann]s#ajaj4 #ajaj ,ari/4 ,pol4 ,i4 ii4 #d4 ,dll+] ix4 #be4 ,aga91 ,ari/otle1 9 ! ,nicoma*ean ,e?ics1 tak+ a g5]al survey ( ! relation betwe5 man & wife1 describes x z a gov]nm5t inde$1 b z analog\s to t natural & p]fect =m ( gov]nm5t :i* he t]ms ari/ocracy4 ,x is f\nd$ on m]it & fitness4 ,! man leaves to ! woman all = :i* %e is be/ suit$1 & ea* k9d contributes its p>ticul> gifts to make up ! common /ock4 ,!re 0 mu*1 !n1 ( solidity1 & p]man5ce 9 ! gr\nd secur$ = ! ,greek woman by ! h]oic age4 ,b ! philosoph]1 sagaci\s & dispassionate z he is1 _h /ill a mu* less elevat$ view ( h] position ?an ,hom] _h exhibit$4 ,!re may#ajaa1 he says1 be 9 a trag$y a good or bad woman1 a good or a bad slave2 !re is room = v>iety ev5 9 ^!2 4 ,no su* classification1 no su* comp>ison1 c\ld h f\nd place 9 ! h]oic age4 ,yet m rem>kable is ! little po/script assign$ to ! wid[s ( ! dead 9 ! fun]al oration assign$ by ,?ucydides to ,p]icles3 8,if ,i mu/ also say a few words1 = y t are n[ wid[s1 conc]n+ :at con/itutes ! m]it ( a woman1 ,i w sum up all 9 "o %ort admonition4 ,x w be mu* = y\r "* n to s9k b5ea? y\r own actual nature 7 72 & to be z little talk$ ab\t z possible among m51 :e!r = praise or = dispraise#ajab40 #ajaa ,ari/ot4 ,poet4 c4 #bh4 #ajab ,?uc4 ii4 #de4 ,,sect4 ,x4 ,! (fice ( ! ,hom]ic ,poems 9 relation to t ( ! e>ly ,books ( ,holy ,scripture4 ,ev5 if !y are reg>d$ 9 no o!r light ?an z lit]>y treasures1 ! position1 bo? ( ! olde/ books among ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 &1 next to !m1 ( ! ,hom]ic poems1 is s rem>kable1 z n only to invite1 b to comm& ! att5tion ( e inquir] into ! e>ly condition ( mank9d4 ,ea* ( !m op5s to u a sc5e1 ( :i* we h no o!r lit]>y k4 ,ea* ( !m is1 ei!r :olly or 9 a great degree1 isolat$2 & cut (f f ! doma9 ( hi/ory1 z x is commonly und]/ood4 ,ea* ( !m 0 pres]v$ ) ! mo/ jeal\s c>e by ! nation to :i* !y sev]ally belong$4 ,by f> ! olde/ ( kn[n compositions1 & ) conclusive pro( ^u ! face ( !m t _! respective orig9s 7 p]fectly di/9ct & indep5d5t1 !y1 not)/&+1 seem to be 9 no po9t contradictory1 :ile 9 _m !y are highly confirmatory ( ea* o!r's g5u95ess & antiquity4 ,/ill1 z hi/orical repres5tations1 & 9 a purely human aspect1 !y are greatly diff]5t4 ,! ,holy ,scriptures are l a ?9 /ream1 beg9n+ f ! v f\nta9-head ( our race1 & gradually1 b cont9u\sly f9d+ _! way ?r\gh an ext5d$ solitude1 into times o!rwise kn[n1 & into ! g5]al curr5t ( ! =tunes ( mank9d4 ,! ,hom]ic poems are l a broad lake out/ret*$ 9 ! di/ance1 :i* provides u ) a mirror ( "o p>ticul> age & p1 alike full & m>vell\s1 b :i* is entirely dissociat$ by an int]val ( _m g5]ations f any o!r records1 except su* z are ( ! mo/ p>tial & fragm5t>y k9d4 ,9 respect ( ! influ5ce :i* !y h respectively ex]cis$ ^u mank9d1 x might appe> almo/ pr(ane to comp>e !m4 ,9 ?is po9t ( view1 ! ,scriptures /& s f> ap>t f e o!r production1 on acc\nt ( _! great (fices 9 relation to ! com+ ( ! ,r$eem]1 & to ! spiritual tra9+ ( mank9d1 t !re c be no?+ ei!r l or second to !m4 ,b und\bt$ly1 aft] h[ev] wide an int]val1 ! ,hom]ic poems ?us f> at lea/ /& 9 a c]ta9 relation to ! ,scriptures1 t no o!r "w ( man c be comp>$ to !m4 ,_! imm$iate influ5ce has be5 great2 b t influ5ce :i* !y h m$iately ex]cis$ ?r\gh _! %>e 9 %ap+ ! m9d & nationality ( ,greece1 & aga91 ?r\gh ,greece ^u ! _w1 _c readily be r$uc$ to measure3 ,les vraies orig9es de l'esprit huma9 sont l2 t\s les nobles de l'intellig5ce y retr\v5t la patrie de leurs pres#ajac4 ,insomu* t1 pass+ ov] ! va/ int]val betwe5 ^? purposes :i* conc]n salvation1 & e o!r purpose connect$ ) man1 ?is rema9s to be admitt$1 t !re is a relative p>allelism betwe5 ! olde/ ,holy ,scriptures & ! works ( ,hom]4 ,= ea* ( !m /&s at ! head ( ! class ( p[]s to :i* !y respectively belong2 & ! m9or seems to pres5t to our view1 z well z ! major "o1 ! indications ( a di/9ct ,provid5tial aim t 0 to be atta9$ ?r\gh its means4 #ajac ,r5an1 tudes d',hi/oire ,religieuse1 p4 #dj4 ,! relation1 h[ev]1 ( ! ,hom]ic poems to ! e>li] portion ( ! ,sacr$ ,scriptures1 appe>s to me to be capable ( be+ repres5t$ 9 a m det]m9ate =m ?an x assumes :5 !y are m]ely comp>$ z be+ respectively ! olde/ kn[n compositions1 & z ea* confirm+ ! te/imony ( ! o!r by num]\s co9cid5ces ( mann]s4 ,provid5tial functions ( ,greece & ,rome4 ,= ! ,ea/]n _w1 x is1 ,i suppose1 g5]ally ackn[l$g$ t we ought to reg>d ,mahometanism z hav+ _h1 no less ?an ,judaism1 a place1 ?\gh d\btless a v diff]5t place1 9 ! det]m9ate c\nsels ( ,god4 ,s 9 ! ,we/1 we mu/ view ! extraord9>y developm5ts1 :i* human nature receiv$1 bo? individually & 9 its social =ms1 among ! ,greeks & ,romans1 z hav+ be5 int5d$ to fulfil high ,provid5tial purposes4 ,!y suppli$ mat]ials = ! intellectual & social portions ( t ,european civilization1 :i* d]ives its spiritual sub/ance f ! ,*ri/ian ,fai?4 ,& !y wr\ght out solutions app>5tly conclusive = ! que/ions :i* absolutely requir$ an answ]1 z to ! capacity or incapacity ( man1 :5 )\t ! aid ( especial div9e light & guidance1 to "w out 8 own happ9ess & peace4 ,t ,div9e ,^w1 :i* tells u t ! ,r$eem] came 9 ! fulness ( "t1 indirectly po9ts to ! great transactions :i* fill$ ! space ( ages s9ce ! ,fall1 :5 "t 0 n yet full2 & ! greate/ ( all ^? great transactions surely 7 ! p>ts play$ by ,greece & ,rome1 z ! repres5tatives ( humanity at l>ge 9 its mo/ vigor\s developm5ts4 ,!y too1 z well z ! discipl9e ( ! ,jewi% p1 d\btless belong$ to ! ,div9e plan4 ,all ^! v>i$ manife/ations may diff] mu* 9 _! "* & rank1 b yet1 l ! body1 s\l1 & _s ( a man1 !y are to be ref]r$ to "o orig91 & !y are integrants to "o ano!r4 ,j 9 ! same mann] ) ! p>allel curr5ts ( hi/orical ev5ts1 x w\ld appe> t ! e>ly ,scriptures & ! ,hom]ic poems comb9e to make up = u a suffici5tly complete =m ( ! primitive records ( our race4 ,! ,scriptures ( ! ,old ,te/am5t give u ! hi/ory ( ! l9e1 9 :i* ! promise ( ! ,messiah 0 h&$ d[n4 ,b ! intellectual & social developm5ts ( man are !re repres5t$ 9 ! simple/ & ! slighte/1 nay1 ev5 9 ! n>r[e/ =ms4 ,) ! exception ( ,solomon1 :o1 9 spite ( 8 wisdom1 0 entic$ away f ,god by lu/1 & ( ! two illu/ri\s specim5s ( uncorrupt$ piety 9 ! mid/ ( dang]\s p[]1 ,joseph & ,daniel1 ,i "k n :e!r we c1 on ! au?ority ( ,holy ,scripture1 po9t to any "* ( ! ,mosaic or ,judaic hi/ory z great 9 any o!r s5se1 ?an z ! organs ( t ,almighty ,"o1 ) :om no?+ human is ei!r great or small4 ,x is pla9 t if we br+ ! lead+ *>act]s ( t hi/ory into contra/ ) ! ,a*illes or ! ,ulysses ( ,hom]1 & ) 8 o!r m>k$ p]sonages1 ^! latt] und\bt$ly give u a repres5tation & developm5t ( human nature1 & ( man 9 8 social relations1 t ,scripture f its v nature c\ld n supply4 ,ea* has its own function to p]=m1 s t !re is no room = competition betwe5 !m1 & x is bett] to avoid comp>ison altoge!r2 & to decl9e to consid] ! legislation ( ,moses z a "w to be comp>$ ei!r ) ! h]oic in/itutions1 or ) sy/ems l ^? ( ,lycurgus or ( ,solon4 ,we !n obta9 a cle> view ( x z a s*eme evid5tly con/ruct$ n alone ) human b ) sup]human wisdom1 if only we measure x 9 ref]5ce to its v peculi> end4 ,t end 0 n to give political lessons to mank9d1 :i* are m aptly suppli$ else:]e4 ,x 0 to f5ce 91 ) ! rud] mat]ials ( ! c]emonial & municipal law1 a home1 )9 :i* ! succession ( true piety & enlight5$ fai? might be pres]v$2 a g>d5 :]e9 ! ,"l ,god might1 s to speak1 /ill walk z ,he _h walk$ ( old1 & take ,8 delight ) ! sons ( m54 ,b ?is high call+ _h ref]5ce only to *os5 p]sons1 a few among ! few4 ,ov] & above ?is int]ior "w1 !re 0 a national vocation also4 ,! aim ( t vocation seems to h be5 to isolate ! p1 s z to /op ! influ5ces f )\t t might t5d 9 ! direction ( *ange2 & s f> to cry/allize1 z x 71 its in/itutions )91 t !y might pres]ve 9 unta9t$ purity ! tradition & ! expectation ( ,him t 0 to come4 ,:5 ! ,almighty plac$ 8 seal ^u ,abraham by ! cov5ant ( circumcision1 & :5 ,he develop$ t cov5ant 9 ! ,mosaic in/itutions1 9 sett+ ! ,jewi% p ap>t = a purpose ! mo/ pr(\nd ( all ,8 wise designs1 ,he remov$ x1 = ! "t ( its c>e]1 out ( ! family ( nations4 ,sacr$ ,books n m]e lit]>y records4 ,%\ld we1 l "s writ]s ( ! pres5t day1 cite ! ,p5tateu* be=e ! tribunal ( ! m]e lit]>y critic1 we may /ra9 our g5]osity at ! co/ ( ju/ice1 & /ill only be able to accord to x a second>y place4 ,! mi/ake surely is to br+ x !re at all1 or to view its au?or o!rwise ?an z ! vehicle ( a ,div9e purpose1 :i* uses all in/rum5ts1 great1 insignificant1 or middl+1 accord+ to ! end 9 view1 b ( :i* all ! in/rum5ts are p]fect1 by reason n ( :at is intr9sic to !mselves1 b1 simply & solely1 ( _! exact adaptation to t end#ajad4 #ajad ,to %[ ) :at jeal\sy believ]s 9 revelation may ju/ly reg>d ! m]e lit]>y h&l+ ( ! ,old] ,scriptures1 ,i w\ld ref] to ! rem>kable "w ( ,m4 ,erne/ ,r5an1 #8tudes d',hi/oire ,religieuse4' ,?is eloqu5t & ela/ic writ] treats ! idea ( a reveal$ religion z :olly inadmissible2 highly extols ! ,bible z a lit]>y treasure2 b d5ies t ! g5]al read+ ( ! ,bible is a good1 except 9 s f> z il vaut beauc\p mieux voir le peuple lire la ,bible que ne ri5 lire 7pp4 #ge1 #che74 ,if1 h[ev]1 we ought to decl9e to try ! ,judaic code by its m]ely political m]its1 mu* m ought we to apply ! same pr9ciple to ! sublimity ( ! ,prophecies1 & to ! deep spiritual exp]i5ces ( ! ,psalms4 ,9 ! fir/1 we h a voice speak+ f ,god1 ) ! m>ks t x is ( ,god s visibly impr9t$ ^u x1 t ! m9d utt]ly refuses to place ! prophetical books 9 ! scale aga9/ any production ( human g5ius4 ,& all t is peculi> 9 our conception ( ,isaiah1 or ( ,j]emiah1 does n t5d s mu* to make !m em95t among m51 z to sep>ate !m f m54 ,hom]1 on ! o!r h&1 is emphatically & above all ?+s human3 he s+s by ! spontane\s & ! unconsci\s indwell+ en]gies ( nature2 :]eas ^! are z ! trumpet ( une>?ly s\nds1 & _c1 m ?an ,balaam c\ld1 dep>t f t :i* is brea!d into !m1 to utt] ei!r less or m4 ,b mo/ ( all does ! ,book ( ,psalms refuse ! *all5ge ( philosophical or poetical competition4 ,9 t ,book1 = well nigh ?ree ?\s& ye>s1 ! piety ( sa9ts has f\nd its mo/ ref9$ & *oice/ food2 to su* a degree inde$1 t ! rank & quality ( ! religi\s frame may 9 g5]al be te/$1 at lea/ negatively1 by ! height ( its reli% = !m4 ,!re is ! :ole music ( ! human he>t1 :5 t\*$ by ! h& ( ! ,mak]1 9 all its tones t :isp] or t swell1 = e hope & fe>1 = e joy & pang1 = e =m ( /r5g? & languor1 ( disquietude & re/4 ,!re are develop$ all ! inn]mo/ relations ( ! human s\l to ,god1 built ^u ! plat=m ( a cov5ant ( love & son%ip t _h its f\ndations 9 ! ,messiah1 :ile 9 ?is p>ticul> & privileg$ ,book x 0 p]mitt$ to anticipate ,8 com+4 ,we c no m !n comp>e ,isaiah & ! ,psalms ) ,hom]1 ?an we c comp>e ,david's h]oism ) ,diom$'s1 or ! pr[ess ( ! ,israelites :5 !y drove ,phili/ia be=e !m ) ! val\r ( ! ,greeks at ,m>a?on or ,plata1 at ,issus or ,arbela4 ,we %all mo/ ne>ly d ju/ice to ea* by obs]v+ c>efully ! b\nd>y l9es ( _! respective prov9ces4 ,provid5tial uses ( ! ,hom]ic poems4 ,x appe>s to be to a c]ta9 ext5t agre$ t ,rome has giv5 u ! mo/ extraord9>y example among all ^? put ^u record by hi/ory1 ( political organization2 & has bequea!d to mank9d ! firme/ & mo/ durable tissue ( law1 ! bond ( social man4 ,greece1 on ! o!r h&1 has _h = its %>e ! developm5t ( ! individual2 & ea* has %[n 9 its own k9d ! r>e/ specim5 t has be5 kn[n to ! _w1 ap>t f ,div9e revelation4 ,! se$s ( bo? ^!1 & ( all t !y involv$1 w\ld appe> to be conta9$ 9 ! ,hom]ic poems#ajae4 ,! condition ( arts1 mann]s1 "*1 & in/itutions1 :i* !y repres5t1 is alike 9 itself entire1 & )\t any full p>allel else:]e4 ,x is = ! bodily & m5tal faculties ( man1 t :i* ! patri>*al & e>ly ,hebrew hi/ories are = 8 spiritual life4 #ajae ,9 ! ,roman ,hi/ory ( ,momms5 is conta9$ a ma/]ly comp>ison betwe5 ^? two rival developm5ts ( human life1 ! collective & ! individual1 :i* are repres5t$ by ,rome1 & by lat] or hi/oric ,greece1 respectively4 7,momms5 ,rm4 ,ges*4 ,i4 #b4 pp4 #ah-ba47 ,bo? ( !m are op5 to criticism4 ,9 ! "o we may notice & br& ! *>act]i/ic ( an iron repression1 9 ! o!r t ( a lawless fre$om4 ,b ! age :i* end$ ) ! w> ( ,troy1 & ca/ ! reflection ( its dy+ beams ^u its noble b *equ]$ epilogue 9 ! ,odyssey1 appe>s to make no fundam5tal deviation f ! mean ( wisdom 9 ei!r direction3 on ! :ole1 x unit$ rev]5ce ) indep5d5ce1 ! re/ra9t ( discipl9e ) ! expansion ( fre$om3 & x /ood alike remov$1 9 ! pl5itude ( its natural ela/icity1 f ^? extremes :i* 9 mod]n religion h1 on ! "o side1 absorb$ ! individual1 & on ! o!r 7s to speak7 excommunicat$ him by isolation4 ,( ! p]sonal & inw>d relations ( man ) ,god1 ( ! k+dom ( grace 9 ! _w1 ,hom] c tell u no?+3 b ( ! k+dom ( ,provid5ce mu*1 & ( ! op5+ p[]s & capabilities ( human nature1 ap>t f div9e revelation1 ev]y?+4 ,! moral law1 writt5 on ! tables ( /one1 0 9 "o s5se a s*oolma/] to br+ u to ,*ri/1 because x demon/rat$ our inability to tread ! way ( righte\sness & p>don )\t ! ,r$eem]4 ,& p]haps t c]emonial law1 :i* indulg$ "s ?+s to ! h>dness ( he>t t prevail$ among ! ,jews1 0 by its p]missions1 z "s h con/ru$ a v rem>kable passage 9 ,ezekiel#ajaf1 a s*oolma/] 9 ano!r s5se2 because x witness$ to ! fact t !y _h greatly fall5 bel[ ! high capacities ( _! nature4 ,& aga91 9 yet a ?ird s5se1 we may say ) rev]5ce t ^! primeval records are likewise ano!r s*oolma/]1 tea*+ u1 al?\gh ) ano!r voice1 ! v same lesson3 because !y %[ u ! total inability ( our race1 ev5 :5 at its maximum ( p[]1 to solve = ourselves ! problems ( our de/9y2 to extract = ourselves ! /+ f c>e1 f sorr[1 & above all1 f dea?2 or ev5 to reta9 )\t wa/e ! vital heat ( ! k ( ,god1 :5 we h become sep>ate f ! s\rce t imp>ts x4 #ajaf ,ezek4 xx4 #be4 ,!y complete ! code ( primitive in/ruction4 ,x seems impossible n to be /ruck1 at ?is po9t1 ) ! contra/ betwe5 ! times prec$+ ! ,adv5t1 & ^? :i* h foll[$ x4 ,s9ce ! ,adv5t1 ,*ri/ianity has m>*$ = fifte5 hundr$ ye>s at ! head ( human civilization2 & has driv51 h>ness$ to its *>iot z ! horses ( a triumphal c>1 ! *ief intellectual & mat]ial =ces ( ! _w4 ,its le>n+ has be5 ! le>n+ ( ! _w1 its art ! art ( ! _w1 its g5ius ! g5ius ( ! _w1 its greatness1 glory1 gr&eur1 & maje/y h be5 almo/1 ?\gh n absolutely1 all t 9 ^! respects ! _w has _h to boa/ (4 ,t :i* is to come1 ,i d n presume to port5d3 b ( ! pa/ we may speak ) confid5ce4 ,he :o h]eaft]1 9 ev5 ! remote/ age1 ) ! col\rless imp>tiality ( m]e intellig5ce1 may seek to "k :at durable results mank9d has = ! la/ fifte5 hundr$ ye>s a*iev$1 :at capital ( ! m9d x has accumulat$ & transmitt$1 w f9d 8 inve/igations p]=ce conc5trat$ ^u1 & almo/ conf9$ to t "p1 t m9or "p1 ( mank9d :i* has be5 ,*ri/ian4 ,be=e ! ,adv5t1 x 0 q o!rwise4 ,! treasure ( ,div9e ,revelation 0 !n hidd5 9 a napk93 x 0 giv5 to a p :o 7 almo/ =bidd5 to imp>t x2 at lea/ ( :om x 0 simply requir$1 t !y %\ld pres]ve x )\t v>iation4 ,!y _h no _w-wide vocation committ$ to !m2 !y lay ensconc$ 9 a c\ntry :i* 0 n>r[ & obscure2 obscure1 n only ) ref]5ce to ! surpass+ spl5d\r ( ,greece & ,rome1 b 9 comp>ison ) ,assyria1 or ,p]sia1 or ,egypt4 ,!y h n suppli$ ! ,*ri/ian ages ) laws & in/itutions1 arts & sci5ces1 ) ! *ief models ( greatness 9 g5ius or 9 "*4 ,! ,provid5ce ( ,god committ$ ?is "w to o!rs2 & to ,hom] seems to h be5 intru/$ ! fir/1 :i* 0 p]haps1 all ?+s consid]$1 also ! mo/ rem>kable /age ( x#ajag4 #ajag ,i mu/ frankly own t1 = "o1 ,i c nev] read )\t pa9 ! disp>ag+ acc\nt ( ! ,greek m9d & its a*ievem5ts :i*1 9 ! ,f\r? ,book ( ! ,p>adise ,rega9$1 s great a man z ,milton has too boldly put into ! m\? ( our ,bless$ ,"l4 ,we !re f9d our sympa?ies divid$1 9 an indescribable & mo/ unhappy mann]1 betwe5 ! p]son ( ! ,all-wise1 & ! language & ideas1 on ! :ole n less j1 :i* are giv5 to ,satan4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,i lam5t ! claim1 really no bett] ?an a *ildi% "o1 made on ! "p ( ! ,jews1 to be consid]$ z ! f\nta9head ( ! ,greek arts & lett]s1 & ! assumption = !m ( high] atta9m5ts 9 political sci5ce4 ,?is is a sacrifice ( tru?1 reason1 & hi/ory to prejudice1 by :i*1 z by all su* proce$+s1 religion is sure to be 9 ! end ! los]4 ,*ri/ianity suppli$ a c5tre to hi/ory4 ,)\t be>+ fully 9 m9d ?is contra/ betwe5 ! provid5tial function ( ! ,jews & t ( o!r nations1 we c h>dly embrace z we ought ! importance ( ! "p assign$1 be=e ! ,adv5t ( our ,"l1 to nations & p]sons :o liv$ beyond ! imm$iate & n>r[ pale ( ,div9e ,revelation4 ,! relation ( ! old disp5sation to ^? :o 7 n ,jews1 0 ess5tially diff]5t f t ( ,*ri/5dom to ^? :o are n ,*ri/ians4 ,only ! fall ( man & 8 recov]y are ! univ]sal facts ) :i* ,revelation is conc]n$2 all o!rs are limit$ & p>tial4 ,! int]val betwe5 ! occurr5ce ( ! fir/1 & ! provision = ! second1 0 occupi$ by a v>iety ( prep>ations 9 sev]alty = ! revelation ( ! k+dom ( ,god4 ,until ! ,inc>nation1 ! _w's hi/ory 0 )\t a c5tre4 ,:5 ! ,inc>nation came1 x %[$ itself to be ! c5tre ( all t _h prec$$1 z well z ( all t 0 to foll[3 & s9ce ! )drawal ( ! visible ,messiah1 ! hi/ory ( man has be5 gr\p$ ar\nd ,8 ,^w1 & ar\nd ! ,*ur* 9 :i* ! effect & virtue ( ,8 ,inc>nation are /ill by ,8 unse5 p[] prolong$4 ,! picture ?us (f]$ to our view is a v rem>kable "o4 ,we see ! glories ( ! _w1 & t greate/ m>vel ( ,god's e>?ly creation1 ! m9d ( man1 become l little *ildr51 & yield !mselves to be l$ by ! h& ( ! ,good ,%eph]d3 b x seems z ?\gh ! anci5t promise ( ,8 com+1 :ile j /rong en\gh to live 9 ?is wayw>d sph]e1 0 n /rong en\gh to make ! conque/ ( x2 z if no?+ b ,8 own actual manife/ation 9 ! /r5g? ( l[l9ess & ( sorr[1 & cr[n$ by ! extremity ( contempt & %ame1 0 suffici5t to re/ore = ! _w at l>ge t symbol ( ! univ]sal duty ( individual ob$i5ce & con=mity1 :i* is af=d$ by ! e/abli%m5t ( ! au?ority ( ! spiritual ,k+ ov] all ! functions ( our nature1 & all ! sph]es1 h[ev] manifold & remote !y may seem to be1 9 :i* !y f9d _! ex]cise4 ,nor is ?is lesson ! less /rik+ because ?is1 l o!r p>ts ( ! div9e disp5sations1 has be5 m>r$ by ! p]v]sity ( man1 ev] /riv+ to escape f t inw>d control :]e9 lies ! true hope & safety ( 8 race4 ,b1 ev5 aft] ! ,adv5t1 x 0 n at once t ! ,sov]eign ( ! new k+dom put 9 ,8 claim = all ! weal? t x conta9$4 ,z1 9 ! day ( ,8 humiliation1 ,he rode into ,j]usalem1 =e%ad[+ 8 royal dom9ion to come1 s ,sa9t ,paul 0 =?) consecrat$ to ,god z a k9d ( fir/ fruits ( ! le>n+ & intellect ( man4 ,yet = _m g5]ations aft] ,*ri/1 x 0 /ill ! ,supreme w to lay 9 human weakness ! f\ndations ( div9e /r5g?4 ,n ! ,apo/les only1 b ! m>tyrs1 & n ! m>tyrs only1 b ! fir/ fa!rs & doctors ( ! ,*ur*1 7 m5 ( :om none c\ld suspect t !y drew ! weapons ( _! w>f>e f ! arm\ries ( human cultivation3 nor ( !m c\ld x be said1 t by virtue ( _! human end[m5ts !y _h a*iev$ ! triumphs ( ! cross2 z x might p]haps h be5 said1 _h !y br\ght to _! "w ! imm5se popul> p[]s ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 or ! mascul9e en]gy ( ,/4 ,a?anasius1 or ! v>i$ & compreh5sive g5ius ( ,/4 ,augu/9e4 ,nor1 aga91 if we are "r 9 ! belief t we are n to look = ! e>ly developm5t ( humanity 9 ! pages ( ,jewi% & patri>*al hi/ory1 b r to believe t x 0 giv5 to ano!r p1 & ! (fice ( record+ x to ! fa!r1 n only ( poetry1 b ( lett]s1 does x seem difficult to read 9 ?is arrangem5t ! purpose ( ! ,mo/ ,high1 & h]e) ! wisdom ( t purpose4 ,_h ! ,scriptures be5 pres]v$1 _h ! ,messiah be5 ,inc>nate1 among a p :o 7 9 political sagacity1 9 m>tial en]gy1 9 so>+ & div+ intellect1 9 vivid imag9ation1 9 ! graces ( art & civiliz$ life1 ! fl[] ( _! "t1 !n ! div9e orig9 ( ,*ri/ianity w\ld h /ood f> less cle> & disemb>rass$ ?an x n[ does4 ,! eagle t m\nt$ ^u high1 be>+ on 8 w+s ! ,ev]la/+ ,gospel1 w\ld h made 8 fir/ spr+ f a great em95ce1 erect$ by ! wit & skill ( man2 & ! elevation ( t em95ce1 measur$ upw>d f ! pla9 ( common humanity1 w\ld h be5 s mu* to be d$uct$ f ! triumph ( ! ,r$eem]4 ,purpose s]v$ by ! design4 ,?us ! de/ructive !ories ( ^?1 :o tea* u to reg>d ,*ri/ianity z no m ?an a new /age1 add$ to /ages t _h be5 previ\sly a*iev$ 9 ! m>* ( human advancem5t1 w\ld h be5 clo!d 9 a plausibility :i* !y mu/ n[ = ev] want4 #8,god ha? *os5 ! fooli% ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! wise2 & ,god ha? *os5 ! weak ?+s ( ! _w to conf\nd ! ?+s :i* are mighty2 & base ?+s ( ! _w1 & ?+s :i* are despis$1 ha? ,god *os51 yea1 & ?+s :i* are n1 to br+ to n\ght ?+s t are#ajah4' ,an unhon\r$ undi/+ui%$ race1 simply elect$ to be ! receiv]s ( ! ,div9e ,^w1 & hav+ rema9$ its always /iffneck$ & almo/ reluctant gu>dians1 may be/ h suit$ ! aim ( ,almighty ,wisdom2 because ! m$ium1 ?r\gh :i* ! mo/ preci\s gifts 7 convey$1 0 pale & col\rless1 in/ead ( be+ "o flu%$ ) ! spl5d\rs ( ,empire1 ,intellect1 & ,fame4 #ajah #a ,cor4 i4 #bg1 #h4 ,transcrib]'s ,note ,page head]s 9 ! pr9t$ book h be5 conv]t$ to head+s1 & are m>k$ ) swung da%es4 ,! foll[+ app>5t errors h be5 correct$3 p4 xiv sov]eignity *ang$ to sov]eignty p4 #db 7note7 vii-x4 *ang$ to vii4-x4 p4 #gi unequivocially *ang$ to unequivocally p4 #aah insol5ce3 *ang$ to insol5ce3' p4 #afe *ang$ to p4 #agc att5tion1 *ang$ to att5tion4 p4 #aib exemplfi$ *ang$ to exemplifi$ p4 #bgg ord] *ang$ to ord]4 p4 #bhe ,hom ,!ol4 *ang$ to ,hom4 ,!ol4 p4 #bhh ,ganym$ *ang$ to ,ganym$e p4 #bia *ang$ to p4 #bii peoples1 *ang$ to peoples p4 #cbj *ang$ to p4 #cbh 9 disaffection has yet be5 exhibit$4#fjg1 ! footnote an*or has be5 add$ to ! text4 p4 #ccf *ang$ to p4 #ceb subject s *ang$ to subject to p4 #ced #b4 *ang$ to 7#b47 p4 #cef *ang$ to p4 #cfd x sess5tial *ang$ to its ess5tial p4 #cfe 9 #gaa41 ! footnote an*or has be5 add$ to ! text4 p4 #cgg purity1 ( *ang$ to ( purity1 p4 #chc 7note7 #bfd *ang$ to #bfd4 p4 #djc 7note7 ,romis*e *ang$ to ,rmis*e p4 #djd elsweh]e *ang$ to else:]e p4 #daj devolopm5t *ang$ to developm5t p4 #dbj *ang$ to p4 #dbf morality4 *ang$ to morality1 p4 #dcf *ang$ to p4 #dfj *ang$ to p4 #dgd *ang$ to p4 #did 9 ,ajax _h a spuri\s bro!r1 a footnote an*or has be5 remov$ f ! text4 p4 #dii 7note7 9 excell5tly *ang$ to is excell5tly p4 #eje *ang$ to p4 #eag *ang$ to ,! foll[+ are us$ inconsi/5tly 9 ! book3 aft]times & aft]-times battlefield & battle-field b[/r+ & b[-/r+ cupbe>] & cup-be>] dep5d5ce & dep5dance ,d & ,dii ,dioscuri & ,diosc\roi ,er9us & ,er9ues f\nta9head & f\nta9-head ,hi/ie & ,he/ie i4 e4 & i4e4 indoor & 9-door preem95ce & pre-em95ce ree/abli%$ & re-e/abli%$ /epmo!r & /ep-"m synonym & synonyme ,!omy?ology & ,!o-my?ology