,a ,,critique ,,( ,,socialism ,by ,george ,r4 ,sims ,read ,be=e ,! ,rusk9 ,club ,( ,oakl& ,cali=nia1 ,edw>d ,f4 ,adams1 ,paul ,eld] & ,company ,publi%]s1 ,san ,francisco #aije ,,) ,,! ,,complim5ts ,,( ,,! ,,au?or ,,to ,,! ,,rusk9 ,,club ,,( ,,oakl& ,,^: ,,memb]s ,,li/5$ ,,s ,,pati5tly ,,to ,,! ,,read+ ,,( ,,?is ,,pap] ,,& ,,danc$ ,,on ,,x ,,s ,,bli!ly ,,!reaft]1 ,,z ,,an ,,intimation ,,( ,,8 ,,f]v5t ,,belief ,,t ,,no ,,m ,,*>m+ ,,convocation ,,( ,,sociali/s1 ,,or ,,"o ,,m ,,hopelessly ,,en?rall$ ,,by ,,_! ,,delusions1 ,,exi/s ,,on ,,e>?4 ,,to ,,! ,,rusk9 ,,club3-- ,:5 y\r ,mr4 ,bam=d wrote me t ! ,rusk9 ,club 0 out hunt+ tr\ble1 & t if ,i w\ld come ov] "h ! bad m5 ( ! club w\ld d me up1 ,i confess my fir/ impulse 0 to excuse myself f ! pr(f]$ hospitality4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 z ,i h nev] pos$ z a social *ampion ,i _h no reputation at /ake & ,i 0 horribly afraid4 ,secondly1 :ile my read+ ( ,sociali/ & ,anti-,sociali/ lit]ature is ! rev]se ( ext5sive1 ,i am v sure t no?+ c be said = or aga9/ ,socialism :i* has n already be5 said _m times1 & s well said t a fair collection ( ,anti-,sociali/ lit]ature w\ld make a pun*+-bag solid en\gh to absorb ! =ce ( ! mo/ en]getic ( pugili/s4 ,f9ally1 ! inutility ( su* a sally pres5t$ itself =cibly1 s9ce !re is1 s f> z ,i "k1 no record ( ! re=mation ( a ,sociali/ aft] ! habit is once firmly e/abli%$4 ,b :ile at fir/ ^! consid]ations 7 all aga9/ my putt+ on my armor1 9 ! end ! in/9ct ( eat+ & fight+1 :i* is z =ceful 9 ! mod]n savage1 "u ! v5e] ( civilization1 z 9 our unpoli%$ prog5itors1 ov]came all consid]ations ( prud5ce1 & "h ,i am to d battle accord+ to my ability4 ,i promise to /rike no f\l bl[s & n to dodge ! mo/ port5t\s ( :acks1 b to ride /raight at y & hit z h>d z ,i c4 ,,critique ,,( ,,socialism ,,:ile x is d\btless true t no "o c live 9 ! _w )\t 9 "s degree modify+ 8 environm5t1 x is also true t ! influ5ce ( a s+le p]son is seldom appreciable or 8 op9ion ^u social que/ions ( suffici5t importance to excite curiosity1 b ,i confess t :5 ,i li/5 to an address int5d$ to be ?\ghtful1 ,i enjoy x m or at any rate endure x bett]1 if ,i h "s k ( ! m5tal attitude ( ! speak] t[>d 8 g5]al subject4 ,?9k+ t possibly ^? :o he> me ?is ev5+ may h ! same feel+1 ,i beg9 by say+ t ,i e>ne/ly favor a j di/ribution ( com=t4 ,i suppose t if ,i %\ld analyze ! m5tal processes lead+ to t wi%1 ,i %\ld f9d t[>d ! bottom a conviction t if ea* _h 8 due ,i %\ld be bett] (f4 ,! objection to ! ,sociali/ic program is t x w\ld prev5t a j di/ribution ( com=t4 ,"s ye>s ago 9 a book ( :i* ,i 0 guilty1 ,i wrote ! foll[+3 ,!re is impli$ 9 all ,sociali/ic writ+ ! doctr9e t organiz$ man c ov]ride1 & z appli$ to himself1 repeal ! fundam5tal law ( ,nature1 t no species c endure except by ! production ( m individuals ?an c be support$1 ( :om ! weake/ mu/ die1 ) ! coroll>y ( mis]y be=e dea?4 ,competitive ,society t5ds to ! dea? ( ! weake/1 ,sociali/ic ,society w\ld t5d to ! pres]vation ( ! weak4 ,!re c be no "q ( ! gr&eur ( ?is conception4 ,to no man is giv5 nobl] aspirations ?an to him :o conceives ( a j di/ribution ( com=t 9 an exi/5ce n idle1 b )\t /ruggle4 ,x w\ld be a ,nirvana glori\s only 9 ! abs5ce ( sorr[1 b /ill p]haps a happy end+ = our race4 ,x may1 aft] all1 be our de/9y4 ,nor c any "r-m9d$ man =be> 8 tribute to ! good :i* ,sociali/ic agitation has done4 ,no man c tell h[ mu* mis]y x has prev5t$1 or h[ mu* x w prev5t4 ,s1 also1 :ile we may regret ! emotionalism :i* r5d]s ev5 s ke5 an intellect z t ( ,k>l ,m>x an unsafe guide1 we mu/1 :5 we read 8 description ( conditions = :i* he s\ght rem$y1 confess t he _h be5 less a man _h he be5 less emotional4 ,! man :om daily contact ) rem$iable mis]y w n r5d] incompet5t to always write logically1 ,i w\ld n wi% to "k4 ,b x is ! mission ( su* m5 to ar\se action & n to f9ally det]m9e its scope4 ,! advocate may n be ! judge4 ,my animus is t ,i he>tily desire mo/ if n all ! ends propos$ by ab/ract ,socialism1 :i* ,i und]/& to be a p]fectly j di/ribution ( com=t4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,i am a critic ( ,socialism1 ,i am a fri5dly critic1 my objections to its program re/+ ma9ly on a conviction t x w\ld n remove1 b w\ld int5sify1 ! evils :i* x is int5d$ to mitigate4 ,t is q suffici5t 9 reg>d to ! p]sonal equation4 ,!re appe> to be1 un=tunately1 z _m sects ( ,sociali/s z ( ,*ri/ians1 & if ,capital 7 a m cle>ly writt5 book ,i %\ld be ( ! op9ion t x w\ld be z mu* bett] = ,sociali/s if all o!r books on ,socialism 7 de/roy$ z x w\ld be = ,*ri/ians & ,jews if all books on ,!ology 7 de/roy$1 except ! ,bible4 ,by ,socialism ,i mean :at "s ,sociali/ writ]s call ,sci5tific ,socialism4 ,m>xism1 x might be call$4 ,humanism1 ,i ?9k ,m>x w\ld h pref]r$ to call x1 & ,i believe did call x1 = he dealt ) ab/ract doctr9e applicable to m5 & n to nations1 & 8 propag&a 0 ! ,int]national4 ,incid5tally1 z we pass on1 we may notice 9 ?is connection ! dilemma ( ,am]ican ,sociali/s :i* !y d n seem to realize4 ,/ate ,socialism has no logical place 9 a ,sociali/ic program1 = x m]ely sub/itutes ! m deadly competition ( nations = t ( ! individual1 or ev5 tru/ competition n[ exi/+1 :ile ,humanism1 or ,m>xism1 t5ds to a uni=m condition ( humanity :i* ! ,am]ican prolet>iat w\ld fight too? & nail because !y w\ld rightly believe t = !m x w\ld at pres5t be a level+ d[n in/ead ( level+ up4 ,k>l ,m>x 01 ( c\rse1 n ! inv5tor ( ,socialism1 nor 0 he1 s f> z ,i "k1 ! orig9ator ( any ( its fundam5tal doctr9es1--! doctr9e1 = example1 t all value is d]iv$ f labor 0 "p ( m$iaeval cl]icism1--b he fir/ r$uc$ x to coh]5t =m & publi%$ x z a complete & def9ite sy/em1 & ^u ! issues1 sub/antially z he =mulat$ & left !m1 mu/ ,socialism /& or fall4 ,i mu/ assume ! memb]s ( ! ,rusk9 ,club to be famili> ) ! ,m>xian fundam5tal propositions1 :i* ,i d n /ate because ,i %all conf9e my attack to ! ?ree d]iv$ propositions ab\t :i* discussion ma9ly c5t]s4 ,we c]ta9ly d n want an ex]cise 9 s]i\s dialectics aft] d9n]1 b ,i w say 9 pass+ t ,i d n ?9k t any ( 8 fundam5tal propositions are true1 or t 8 !ory ( value has a s+le s\nd leg to /& on1 & z = :at he calls surplus value1 ,i d\bt :e!r !re be su* a ?+4 ,at any rate he has n prov$ x1 nor c x be prov$1 )\t tak+ into consid]ation ! enorm\s numb] ( indu/rial failures1 z well z ! m limit$ numb] ( indu/rial successes--& !re are no data = t purpose4 ,i may also m5tion z :at seems to me a fatal flaw 9 ,sociali/ic philosophy1 its conc5tration ^u ! conditions ( indu/rial society1 )\t adequate conception ( a provision = ! requirem5ts ( agriculture4 ,indu/rialism & comm]cialism are d\btless conv5i5ces ess5tial to our pres5t civilization2 b if e factory & all comm]ce 7 blott$ f ! e>? ! _w w\ld g "r along1 & :5 ! necess>y millions _h p]i%$ 9 ! adju/m5t1 ^? rema9+ w\ld be z happy z ev]4 ,mank9d adju/s itself to new environm5ts v readily4 ,we "h 9 cities talk+ wisely on ^! ?+s are :olly unnecess>y4 ,! f>m] is ess5tial1 because )\t him we %\ld />ve4 ,nobody else is ess5tial4 ,we mu/ n get ! big-head4 ,economical f>m+ on ,sociali/ic me?ods is impossible1 & any successful sy/em ( ,social bett]m5t mu/ be bas$ on ! requirem5ts ( economical f>m+4 ,f9ally1 to conclude ?is prelim9>y reconnaissance1 ! attitude ( ,socialism to religion is :olly unju/ifiable4 ,i am pr(\ndly conv9c$ t ! grovel+ hea!n1 :o 9 s9c]ity b[s d[n to a bloom9' idol made ( mud1 z ,kipl+ puts x1 has 9 him ! propagation ( a nobl] & happi] po/]ity ?an ! mo/ cultur$ cosmopolitan :o is de/itute ( rev]5ce4 ,! *ur* & ! synagogue are ! only exi/+ in/itutions ( mod]n society :i* are engag$ 9 ! "w ( upbuild+ & /r5g!n+ t rugg$ p]sonal "* :i* is ! only sure f\ndation ( any wor?y civilization4 ,i d n discuss ! fundam5tal ,m>xian propositions = two reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x w\ld be labori\s beyond measure = me1 & dre>y beyond measure = y4 ,= example1 ! bottom /one 9 ! f\ndation ( ! sub-basem5t ( ! ,m>xian edifice is ! proposition t ! equation ,x commodity ,ay commodity ,b ess5tially diff]s f ! equation y ,commodity ,b ,x ,commodity ,a4 ,n[1 a discussion :e!r !re is betwe5 ^! two equations a diff]5ce :i* x is socially necess>y to take acc\nt (1 is a ?+ to be put into books :]e x c be skipp$1 & n impos$ 9 cold blood ev5 on intellectual enemies4 ,p]sonally ,i d n believe !re is1 = ,i d n ?9k t social ph5om5a c be dealt ) by ! rigor\s me?ods ( ma!matics4 ,"o c nev] be sure t ! unkn[n quantities are all acc\nt$ =4 ,b :e!r ?is or simil> propositions are ess5tial to ! discussion ( ! !ory ( surplus value or n1 ,i d n describe !m because !y are ( no p>ticul> importance4 ,socialism is n bas$ ^u ! ,m>xian !ory ( value1 b ! ,m>xian !ory ( value 0 evolv$ 9 an endeavor to fix a sci5tific basis = a popul> movem5t already fully "u way4 ,socialism is n bas$ on reason1 b emotion2 n on reflection1 b desire2 x is n sci5tific1 b popul>4 ,if e ,sociali/ on e>? %\ld conc$e t ! ,m>xian !ory ( surplus value _h be5 knock$ into smi!re5s1 x w\ld h no m effect on ! progress ( ,socialism ?an ! g5tle zephyr ( a ,june day on ! hide ( a rh9oc]os4 ,socialism mu/ be attack$ 9 ! d]iv$ propositions ab\t :i* popul> discussion c5t]s1 & ! assault mu/ be1 n to prove t ! doctr9es are sci5tifically uns\nd1 b t !y t5d to ! impov]i%m5t & debasem5t ( ! masses4 ,^! propositions are ?ree1 & ,i lay d[n z my !sis--= ,i abhor def5sive w>f>e--t ,r5t is rights ,int]e/ is rights ,pr(its are "r1 & t !y are all ?ree e?ically & economically ju/ifi$1 & are 9 fact ess5tial to ! happ9ess & progress ( ! race1 & m especially to ^? :o labor ) _! h&s4 ,n[1 fir/1 r5t3 ,i confess t ,i h no pati5ce ) any "o :o claims1 z an inh]5t "r1 ! exclusive own]%ip ( any "p ( ! e>?4 ,he might z well claim own]%ip 9 a section ( air4 ,9 ?is ,i am v c]ta9 t ,i h ! he>ty concurr5ce ( e memb] ( ?is ,club4 ,i am s sure ( ?is1 9 fact1 t ,i am go+ to make t assumption1 9 :i* we all agree1 ! />t+ po9t ( a little dialogue1 9 :i*1 aft] ! mann] ( ,plato1 ,i w put ,socrates at "o end ( ! discussion1 & "s ( 8 fri5ds1 :om we w suppose to be ,phd1 & ,crito1 & ,simmias1 & ! re/ at ! o!r1 & we w let ,socrates & ,phd c>ry on ! conv]sation1 :i* might run z foll[s3 ,socrates--,we are agre$1 !n1 t no man has any "r inh]5t 9 himself to ! own]%ip ( l&4 ,phd--,c]ta9ly1 we agree to t4 ,su* a ?+ is absurd1 = ! e>? is a gift to ! human race1 & n to p>ticul> m54 ,socrates--,i am glad t y ?9k s1 & am sure we %all cont9ue to agree4 ,& if no "o man has any "r to exclusive own]%ip ( l&1 nei!r h any two m51 s9ce x is pla9 t nei!r c\ld convey to himself & ano!r any "r :i* he did n possess1 nor c\ld two m5 toge!r by any means get lawful title to :at nei!r 0 entitl$ to hold4 ,phd--,y are d\btless "r1 ,socrates4 ,i d n ?9k any man c\ld dispute t4 ,socrates--,& if nei!r "o man nor two m5 c acquire lawful title to l&1 nei!r = ! same reason c\ld any numb]1 no matt] h[ great1 acquire lawful title4 ,phd--,t c]ta9ly foll[s f :at we h already agre$ to4 ,socrates--,& x makes no diff]5ce h[ small or h[ great a portion ( l& may be4 ,no man & no numb] ( m5 c acquire lawful own]%ip ( x4 ,phd--,t is also s pla9ly true t x seems h>dly wor? :ile to say x4 ,x c]ta9ly makes no diff]5ce :e!r ! l& be a squ>e furlong or a cont95t4 ,socrates--,z y say1 ,phd1 t is v evid5t4 ,! e>? belongs to mank9d1 & all m5 are by nature %>]s 9 its b5efits4 ,phd--,i tru/ t y w und]/& t ,i agree ) y 9 t1 & s make an end ( x4 ,socrates--,x is p]haps be/ t we be v sure t we agree z we g on1 s t if we %\ld at any "t disagree1 we d n ne$ to g f> back to f9d :]e our diff]5ce began4 ,! e>? is ! prop]ty ( m5 9 common1 & ea* has an undivid$ %>e 9 its possession4 ,phd--,t is ano!r ?+ too pla9 to be disput$4 ,socrates--,& :5 m5 hold prop]ty 9 common1 ea* has z mu* "r to all p>ts ( x z ano!r4 ,phd--,to be sure4 ,i d n see :y we ne$ wa/e "t 9 m5tion+ ?+s s pla9 & s trivial4 ,socrates--,& :5 m5 own prop]ty !y may d ) x z !y please1 & prop]ty :i* m5 own jo9tly !y may visit & rema9 ^u1 ! "o z mu* z ! o!r4 ,phd--,unque/ionably t is s1 & we %\ld d bett] to g to sleep 9 ! %ade1 some:]e1 ?an to sp5d "t 9 repeat+ ?+s s simple4 ,socrates--,be pati5t1 ,phd1 & 9 "t we may f9d some:at :]e9 we d n s p]fectly agree4 ,b :atev] prop]ty m5 h ! "r to visit & rema9 ^u !y are always free to use 9 common ) _! fell[ own]s4 ,phd--,c]ta9ly4 ,w y nev]1 ,o ,socrates1 h done ) ?is8 ,socrates--,& ,*9am51 !re=e1 h full "r to come & live 9 ,cali=nia4 ,phd 7& ! re/7--,we w all see !m 9 hell fir/4 ,& ,i am v c]ta9 t e ,sociali/ 9 ,cali=nia w agree bo? ) ! premises & ! conclusion4 ,b we might try ano!r c\rse ( reason+ by :i* we may p]haps m easily rea* ! pr$et]m9$ conclusion1 & we w let ! same p>ties c>ry on ! dialogue1 :i* is a mo/ delightful way ( reason+ :51 z 9 ! case ( ,plato & myself1 ! same p]son conducts bo? sides ( ! discussion4 ,x might run 9 ?is way3 ,phd--,we h come1 ,socrates1 to discuss ) y1 if y w p]mit u1 ! "q ( ! own]%ip ( l&4 ,crito & ,hippias & myself & o!rs 7 consid]+ t subject ! o!r day1 & we 7 n able to agree4 ,hippocrates1 :om y "k1 has lately return$ f ! region ( ,m\nt ,olympus1 & z he 0 hunt+ "o day on ! l[] slopes ( ! m\nta91 he came1 haply1 ^u a beautiful vale1 f]tile & well wat]$1 :]e9 0 no habitation or sign ( man4 ,! s(t breezes blew g5tly ov] ! ri* gre5 pla9 :]eon ! r$ de] graz$ peacefully & turn$ n at 8 approa*4 ,& :5 ,hippocrates return$ f 8 hunt he f\nd ^u inquiry t no man ( ! region knew ( t vale or _h ev] he>d !re(4 ,s1 z he _h m>k$ ! entrance !reto1 he return$ ?i!r ) ! int5t to rema9 !re = a space4 ,& rema9+ !re ?r\gh ! w>m summ] he f5c$ 9 ! vale & ! de] 9 x1 & built him an h\se1 & rema9$ !re a full ye>4 ,b c]ta9 conc]ns ( 8 family at t "t con/ra9$ ,hippocrates to return to ,a!ns1 & s9ce he c no m live 9 8 vale he (f]$ to sell x to ,hipp>*us = a tal5t ( silv] = a place to keep summ] bo>d]s4 ,& ,hipp>*us 0 cont5t2 b :5 !y repair$ to ! ,demosion to ex*ange ! price = ! de$1 ,hippocrates 0 unable to produce any p>*m5t %[+ 8 title to ! vale4 ,& :5 he 0 unable to d t1 ,hipp>*us w\ld n pay d[n 8 silv]1 until he c\ld make fur!r inquiry4 ,! next day1 we all1 meet+ at ! h\se ( ,phidias1 fell to debat+ :e!r ,hippocrates own$ ! l& & c\ld sell x to ,hipp>*us4 ,& "s said "o ?+ & "s ano!r1 & 9 ! end we agre$ t :5 "s ( u 7 next toge!r1 we w\ld g to ! h\se ( ,socrates1 & if he 7 cont5t1 we w\ld discuss ! matt] ) him4 ,& today happ5+ to s meet we h come to y1 ,socrates1 & w\ld be glad to he> :e!r y ?9k ,hippocrates owns t vale1 & may sell x or no4 ,socrates--,y are v welcome1 ,phd1 & y\r fri5ds1 & z = ! matt] y "n1 ,i %all be glad to talk ( x ) y & see if we c come to "s und]/&+ ( x4 ,b be=e we c proce$ 9 ! discussion1 x w be necess>y to f9d "s />t+ po9t ^u :i* we c all agree1 because until we agree1 at ! beg9n+1 ^u "s "o ?+ p]ta9+ to ! matt]1 z c]ta9 & n to be d\bt$1 discussion is useless1 b if we c f9d su* a ?+1 :i* none ( u d\bt1 we may be able to make some?+ ( ! matt]4 ,i propose1 !re=e1 ,o ,phd1 t y prop\nd "s "o /atem5t :i* all y :o h be5 discuss+ ! matt] believe4 ,phd--,( a tru?1 ,socrates1 we discuss$ ! matt] till ! sun w5t d[n1 b ,i d n rememb] any "o ?+ to :i* we all agre$ except t !re is su* a vale at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,olympus1 z ,hippocrates describes1 & t he liv$ !re9 = a ye>4 ,t we believe because ,hippocrates s told u1 & all ,a!ns kn[s ,hippocrates = a tru?ful man4 ,socrates--,t is some?+1 = all tru? is useful2 b x does n seem to me to be su* a tru? z w well s]ve = a f\ndation f :i* we may p5etrate1 z "o might say1 ! v b[els ( ! subject4 ,i pray y to prop\nd "s o!r4 ,phd--,truly1 ,socrates1 ,i _c1 nor c we any ( u1 = ^u no?+ else p]ta9+ to ! matt] are we able to agree4 ,socrates--,if x please y1 !n1 ,i w prop\nd a say+ & see if y agree ) me4 ,phd--,we %all be v glad if y w4 ,socrates--,i sugge/1 !n1 t we beg9 by agree+1 if we are able to d s1 t ! gods h giv5 ! e>? to man = 8 use4 ,phd--,surely t seems to be true4 ,socrates--,i am glad t y ?9k favorably ( x1 b t is n suffici5t if we are to reason ^u x1 because t ^u :i* we f\nd our argum5t mu/ be :at we accept z absolute tru?4 ,phd--,i ?9k ! e>? 0 made = mank9d1 b if 9 our conv]sation some?+ %\ld also seem true1 & yet contradictory to t1 ,i "k n :at ,i %\ld ?9k4 ,socrates--,let u1 !n1 ?9k ( some?+ else3 ,! e>? is at any rate surely = ! use ( "s be+s4 ,! mighty ,atlas w\ld nev] su/a9 x ^u 8 broad %\ld]s if x did nobody good4 ,phd--,t1 at lea/1 is c]ta91 ,socrates4 ,socrates--,& x mu/ be = be+s :o c make use ( x & enjoy x4 ,phd--,t also is true4 ,socrates--,& be+s :i* c use & enjoy ! e>? mu/ be liv+ be+s4 ,phd--,nobody w d5y t4 ,socrates--,& !re are no liv+ ?+s except ! gods1 mank9d1 ! l[] animals1 & plants4 ,phd--,i agree to t4 ,socrates--,& x is pla9 t ! gods did n build ! e>? = !mselves1 = !y d n live ^u x1 except on ,olympus1 & n[h]e does ! e>? produce ambrosia & nect>1 :i* are ! food ( ! gods4 ,phd--,t is true1 = ! gods live 9 ! heav5s & 9 ! ne!r _w1 & n ^u ! e>?4 ,socrates--,& ! plants d n use ! e>?1 or enjoy x1 al?\gh !y live ^u x1 b !y are !mselves us$ & enjoy$ by man & bea/s4 ,phd--,c]ta9ly ! e>? 0 n made = ! plants4 ,socrates--,& surely z betwe5 man & ! l[] animals1 ! e>? 0 int5d$ = man4 ,phd--,c]ta9ly1 t is :at we ?9k1 b ,i d n "k :at ! lion & ! horse & ! ox might say1 = !y c]ta9ly use ! e>? & enjoy x4 ,socrates--,b man is sup]ior to ! l[] animals1 & ! sup]ior _c be subord9ate to ! inf]ior4 ,phd--,i d n "k h[ we c tell :i* is sup]ior4 ,! primordial cell 9 diff]5tiat+ out ( homog5eity into het]og5eity develop$ diff]5t qualities 9 diff]5t be+s1 & ( ! organs integrat$ f ! het]og5e\s elem5ts ea* has its use & _m are ess5tial to life4 ,9 man ! bra9 is m p[]ful ?an 9 ! ox1 b 9 ! ox ! /oma* is m p[]ful ?an 9 man1 & :ile bo? /oma* & bra9 are necess>y1 yet is "o ) a weak bra9 & /rong /oma* d\btless happi] ?an "o ) a weak /oma* & /rong bra94 ,is x n1 !n1 true t ! /oma* is nobl] ?an ! bra91 & if s1 !n ! pig & ! lion & ! goat1 :i* h /rong /oma*s1 nobl] ?an man1 ^: /oma* c\ld 9 n[ise dige/ c>rion1 or alfalfa1 or t9 cans1 & !re=e may x n be t ! e>? 0 made = ! l[] animals1 :o c use m ( its products ?an man8 ,socrates--,t is a deep ?\ght1 ,o ,phd1 :i* %[s t y are well up 9 y\r ,sp5c]1 al?\gh %y 9 y\r surg]y1 = x is true t ! /oma* has be5 remov$ f a man :o liv$ happy ev] aft]1 :ile nei!r man nor bea/ ev] liv$ a m9ute aft] 8 bra9s 7 knock$ out2 b is x n true t x is by ! function ( ! bra9 t man makes 8 p[]s m effective ?an ^? ( animals /rong] ?an he1 s t he is able to be> rule ov] all ! l[] animals & ei!r ext]m9ate !m f ! e>? or make !m to s]ve him8 ,phd--,yes1 t is true4 ,socrates--,& we _c say t ! e>? 0 made = bea/s :i* !mselves are made to s]ve ! purpose ( man1 = z plants are consum$ by bea/s1 s bea/s are consum$ by man :o acquires = 8 own use & enjoym5t :atev] p[] is g5]at$ by ! organs ( all o!r liv+ ?+s4 ,phd--,t is true1 & ,i c n[ see t ! e>? 0 n made by ! gods = !mselves1 or = plants or bea/s4 ,socrates--,!re=e x appe>s to me t x mu/ h be5 made = man4 ,phd--,t is true1 & ,i n[ agree t ! e>? 0 made = man4 ,socrates--,!n1 s9ce we h f\nd a common />t+ po9t1 we may g on ) our conv]sation4 ,we h prov$ t ! e>? 0 made = man1 because man1 by p[]s inh]5t 9 himself1 c ov]come all o!r liv+ ?+s on ! e>? & subject !m to 8 uses4 ,phd--,yes1 we h prov$ t4 ,socrates--,& ! real s\rce ( 8 k+%ip is p[]4 ,phd--,t mu/ be true4 ,socrates--,& =ce is p[] appli$ to "s object1 s t p[] & =ce may be spok5 ( z ! same ?+4 ,phd--,c]ta9ly4 ,socrates--,& :]e p[] lies1 !re & !re only is sov]eignty1 & :]e p[] ends sov]eignty f9ds its limit4 ,s t1 = example1 if ! lion c\ld subdue man & ! o!r animals1 ! e>? w\ld be = ! use ( ! lion4 ,phd--,t is pla94 ,socrates--,& if a company ( m5 %\ld f9d an isl& & g & live ^u x & be /rong en\gh to subdue ! wild animals & keep out o!r m51 t isl& w\ld be = _! use4 ,phd--,t foll[s1 because sov]eignty goes ) p[] ex]cis$ 9 =ce4 ,socrates--,& s if "o man %\ld f9d a vacant space & take possession1 x w\ld be 84 ,phd--,t is true4 ,socrates--,& :at belongs to man1 man may dispose ( z he w4 ,phd--,all m5 agree to t4 ,socrates--,&1 !re=e1 s9ce ,hippocrates has f\nd a vacant space on ! e>? & tak5 possession !re(1 & no man disputes 8 possession1 x is 8 & he may sell x4 ,phd--,t is c]ta9ly true1 & ,i d n d\bt t ,hipp>*us w n[ pay d[n 8 tal5t ( silv] & take ov] ! vale 9 ! ,olympian =e/4 ,socrates--,& if in/ead ( f9d+ an isl& ! company ( m5 _h f\nd an entire cont95t x w\ld be !irs if !y 7 /rong en\gh to keep x4 ,phd--,surely t is s1 = p[] is b conc5trat$ ability to enjoy1 & :]e mo/ p[] lies1 !re lies mo/ ability to enjoy1 & !re=e ! highe/ possible aggregate ( human happ9ess1 9 ! atta9m5t ( :i* ! w ( ! gods %all be done4 ,socrates--,& if a company c take "p ( a cont95t1 b n ! :ole1 :atev] !y are able to take is !irs4 ,phd--,und\bt$ly4 ,socrates--,& :at is !irs is n ! prop]ty ( o!rs4 ,phd--,by no means4 ,socrates--,& if x does n belong to o!rs1 o!rs may n lawfully use x4 ,phd--,surely n4 ,socrates--,& !y :o d own x may prev5t o!rs f ent]+ x4 ,phd--,surely1 = ha? n ! poet said3 ,t !y %all take :o h ! p[]1 ,& !y may keep :o c4 ,socrates--,!re=e x is pla9 t ! ,unit$ ,/ates may keep ,*9am5 out ( ,am]ica4 ,phd--,!re c be no d\bt ( x :atev]4 ,socrates--,& ,*9ese may keep ,am]icans out ( ,*9a4 ,phd--,t is ano!r /ory4 ,"o mu/ nev] let 8 logic get ! bett] ( him4 ,& s we might play ) ^! great subjects =ev]1 ) reason+ z leaky z a sieve1 b good en\gh to cat* ! c>eless or ! untra9$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ lectures :i* ,i ev] li/5$ to 0 "o be=e ! ,economic ,league ( ,san ,francisco on ! ,dialectics ( ,socialism4 ,! lectur] 0 a v acute man1 :o w\ld n = "o mom5t be deceiv$ by ! sophi/ry ( my ,socrates & ,phd1 b :o1 himself1 made will+ captives ( 8 he>]s by simil> me?ods4 ,i 0 unable to he> all 8 address1 b :5 ,i reluctantly left1 x appe>$ to me t he 0 expect+ to prove t ,socialism mu/ be s\nd philosophy because x 0 contradictory to all human obs]vation1 exp]i5ce1 judgm5t & ! dictates ( s\nd common s5se--& 8 l>ge audi5ce 0 pla9ly en\gh ) him4 ,! dialectics ( ! s*oolm5 or _! equival5t are useless 9 ,social discussion4 ,social ph5om5a d n l5d !mselves to ! rigor\s =mulas ( ma!matics & logic1 = ! human intellect is unable to disc]n & grasp all ! factors ( ^! problems4 ,my trave/y ( ,plato 0 int5d$ to illu/rate ! difficulty ( close reason+ on su* topics4 ,nei!r1 on ! o!r h&1 are we to bl9dly foll[ ! impulses ( emotion :i* lead u to jump at a conclusion1 support x ) :at reason we c1 b rea* x 9 any ev5t4 ,emotion is ! s\rce ( social p[]1 b p[] unre/ra9$ & undirect$ is dang]\s4 ,en]gy creat$ by ! sight ( di/ress mu/ be controll$ by reason or x w n relieve di/ress4 ,& by reason ,i d n mean social syllogisms1 ( ^: premises we are always unc]ta91 b conclusions half unconsci\sly =m$ 9 ! m9d z ! result ( human exp]i5ce op]at+ on human feel+--! practical wisdom :i* we call common s5se4 ,human conduct1 individual & aggregate1 mu/ be regulat$ & det]m9$ by ! cons5sus ( ! judgm5t ( ! wise/ made effective ?r\gh its gradual acceptance z ! judgm5t ( ! majority4 ,private own]%ip ( l&1 ) its accompany+ r5t1 is ju/ifi$1 n by an imag9>y inh]5t "r 9 ! individual1 :i* has no real exi/5ce & s _c be convey$1 b because ! int]e/s ( society require ! /imulus to ef=t :i* private own]%ip & private own]%ip only c give4 ,& "h ,i %all leave ?is po9t )\t ! fur!r illu/ration & elaboration ) :i* ,i c\ld torm5t y long] ?an y c\ld keep awake4 ,& ) ! o!r two po9ts ,i w conf9e myself to ! mo/ cond5s$ =ms ( /atem5t4 ,,int]e/--,sociali/s & ,non-,sociali/s agree t :at a man makes is 84 ,sociali/s & ,i agree t e man is entitl$ to 8 j %>e ( ! ,social divid5d4 ,i believe1 & 9 ?is ,i suppose t ,sociali/s w\ld agree ) me1 t :5 a man gets 8 annual divid5d he may use x1 or keep x = future use4 ,if1 :ile he does n use 8 divid5d1 or ! product ( 8 labor1 he p]mits o!rs to use x to _! pr(it1 x seems to me t he is entitl$ to "s satisfaction 9 comp5sation = 8 sacrifice4 ,i believe x to ! int]e/ ( society t he h x4 ,x is by individual ?rift t society accumulates1 & x is wise to enc\rage ?rift4 ,if ,i build a mill &1 fall+ sick1 _c use x1 x is fair t he :o does use x %all pay me = my sacrifice 9 build+ x4 ,if ,i =ego possible satisfactions ( any k9d1 ^? :om ,i p]mit to enjoy !m %\ld recomp5se me4 ,& t is int]e/4 ,its f\ndation z a "r re/s n only on ^? natural s5tim5ts ( ju/ice ) :i* ! normal man ev]y:]e is end[$ & beh9d :i* we _c g1 b on ! int]e/ ( society to enc\rage ! creation ( sav+s funds to be employ$ = ! b5efit ( society4 ,,pr(its--,private pr(it is f> less a private "r ?an a public necessity4 ,its abs5ce w\ld involve a wa/e :i* society c\ld n endure4 ,) individual op]ations controll$ by fallible m5 enorm\s wa/e is inevitable4 ,x is ess5tial to society t ?is wa/e be m9imiz$4 ,no indu/rial or comm]cial ent]prise c g on )\t risk4 ,pr(it is ! comp5sation = risk4 ,"o ( ! ?+s :i* ,i believe1 b :i* _c be prov$1 is t f ! dawn ( hi/ory losses to individuals by :i* society ga9$ h exce$$ pr(its to individuals1 & ! excess ( ^! losses is ! social accumulation1 increas$1 ( c\rse1 by residues left aft] individuals h got :at !y c\ld4 ,:itney di$ poor1 b mank9d has ! cotton-g94 ,bell di$ ri*1 b !re is a pr(it to mank9d 9 ! telephone4 ,sociali/s propose to assume risks & absorb pr(its4 ,i d n believe society c\ld af=d ?is4 ,i am pr(\ndly conv9c$ t "u ! ,sociali/ program ! inevitable wa/e w\ld be s enorm\sly increas$ z to result 9 disa/] approa*+ a social cataclysm4 ,?is is an old argum5t ^: validity ,sociali/s sc\t4 ,nev]!less ,i believe x s\nd4 ,! numb] ( ^! ^: intellectual & physical /r5g? is suffici5t = ! wise/ direction ( great ent]prises is v small4 ,"s :o are int]e/$ 9 our great indu/rial tru/s c>ry heavy insurance on ! life ( ,mr4 ,morgan1 le/ he die & leave no successor4 ,if ! natural ability is f\nd its possessor w necess>ily lack ! k :i* ,mr4 ,morgan has accumulat$1 & 9 ! light ( :i* he directs 8 op]ations4 ,x is ess5tial t great op]ations--& ! bus9ess ( ! future w be conduct$ on a great scale--be direct$ by great wisdom & p[]4 ,! possessors ( high qualities we n[ discov] by ! try+-out process4 ,!y c be discov]$ 9 no o!r way1 & great ef=t c be secur$ only by ! hope ( great rew>d4 ,until human nature *anges we c expect no?+ diff]5t4 ,socialism implies popul> selection ( indu/rial lead]%ip4 ,:]ev] tri$ ?us f> 9 ! _w's hi/ory !re has usually be5 abject failure4 ,! mass c *oose lead]s 9 emotion b n directors ( indu/ry4 ,! selection ( exp]ts by ! non-exp]t c be wise only by accid5t4 ,if ! selection is n popul>1 !n ,socialism is tyranny1 z its enemies *>ge4 ,if x be popul>1 or 9 s f> z x is popul>1 direction is likely to fall to ! great p]suad]s & n to ! great directors4 ,nev] did a p's p>ty yet escape ! control ( ! unscrupul\s4 ,no political movem5ts result 9 s mu* political & social rascality z s-call$ popul> movem5ts orig9at$ by e>ne/ & hone/ m54 ,i see no reason to suppose t ! ,sociali/ic direction ( indu/rial affairs 9 any city w\ld be direct$ f any o!r s\rce ?an ! back rooms ( ! saloons :]e political movem5ts are n[ %ap$4 ,if ! ,sociali/ic program 7 to g into effect tomorr[ morn+ !re w\ld be "h tonight nei!r lectur] nor audi5ce4 ,! good d9n] w\ld rema9 unta/$ 9 ! ov5s4 ,e mortal s\l ( u w\ld be scoot+ f "o social magnate to ano!r to assure t we 7 on ! slate = ! s(t jobs & t nobody 0 cr[d+ u (f4 ,i h no fai? 9 human nature except z x is con/antly /r5g!n$ & purifi$ by /ruggle4 ,t /ruggle is an irrepressible conflict exi/+ 9 all nature1 & f :i* man _c escape4 ,x is bett] = mank9d t x g on op5ly & 9 m or less accord ) kn[n rules ( w>f>e ?an 9 ! secret conspir+ *amb]s ( ! class :i* 9 ! end controls popul> movem5t4 ,all s]i\s conflict involves evil1 b x is also /r5g!n+ to ! race4 ,i wi% mis]y c\ld be bani%$ f ! _w1 b ,i fe> t x _c be s bani%$4 ,i h little confid5ce 9 human ability to s ?or\ghly compreh5d ! /ructure & functions ( ! social body z to correctly =etell ! /eps 9 its evolution1 or prescribe con/itutional rem$ies :i* w bani% social disease4 ,if ,i 7 a social re=m]--& 7 ,i ) my pres5t k /ill an +5u\s y\? 9 ! fulness ( /r5g? ) my life be=e me ,i d n "k t ,i w\ld n be a social re=m]--,i w\ld pr(ess myself a social agno/ic1 & prosecute my mission by ! me?ods ( ! opportuni/4 ,i w\ld endeavor to direct ! social ax to ! mo/ obvi\s & obtrusive roots ( ! social evil1 & hav+ remov$ !m & wat*$ ! result1 w\ld !n det]m9e :at to d next4 ,possibly ,i w\ld endeavor to beg9 ) ! abolition ( wills & collat]al inh]itance1 & s limit+ direct inh]itance t no man able to "w %\ld escape its necessity by reason ( ! labor ( 8 =efa!rs4 ,i might say t ,i recogniz$ ! ve/$ rights ( ! ,a/ors to ! soil on ,manhattan ,isl&1 b t ,i recogniz$ no "r z ve/$ 9 be+s yet unborn4 ,i might say t x 0 suffici5t /imulation & rew>d = ! mo/ em95t social endeavor to select1 )9 reason1 ! objects ( public utility to :i* result+ accumulations %\ld be appli$ & to sup]9t5d dur+ "o's lifetime _! application to ^? purposes4 ,i might ?9k 9 ?is way1 & might n1 7 ,i an en?usia/ic social re=m] 9 ! heyday ( y\?1 b x appe>s to me n[ t at any rate we %all make mo/ progress t[>d ultimate univ]sal happ9ess if we recognize t out ( ! increas+ /r5u\sness ( our conflict !re is com+ con/antly increas+ com=t & bett] division !re(1 & if we direct t portion ( our en]gies :i* we devote to ! s]vice ( mank9d t[>d su* *anges 9 ! direction ( ! social impulse z c be made )\t impair+ ! =ce ( ! evolution>y movem5t1 r ?an to ^? :i* involve ! rev]sal ( ! direction ( ! =ce ) ! result+ dang] ( explosion & collapse4