,,batik ,,& ,,o!r ,,patt]n ,,dye+ ,,by ,,walt] ,,davis ,,bak] ,,& ,,ida ,,/rawn ,,bak] ,,( ,,! ,,waldcraft ,,/udios ,,indianapolis1 ,,indiana ,decoration #aibj ,,atk9son1 ,,m5tz] ,,company ,,*icago ,,copyright #aibj ,,by ,,atk9son1 ,,m5tz] ,,company ,,all ,,rights ,,res]v$ ,,! ,,cont5ts ,i ,hi/ory & ,"* ( ,batiks #aa ,,ii ,! ,pr9ciples ( ,dye+ ,fabrics #ce ,,iii ,wax ,resi/ ,processes #ed ,,iv ,batiks & ,o!r ,illum9at$ ,textiles #ge ,v ,dye+ = ,plays & ,pageants #ig ,,vi ,tie-,dy$ ,"w #aji ,,vii ,/ick ,pr9t+1 ,block ,pr9t+ & ,/5cil ,dye+ #abc ,,! ,,preface ,"o ( ! hopeful obs]vations dur+ ! few ye>s ( appli$ art education 9 our s*ools has be5 ! read9ess ) :i* educators h tak5 up & kept problems 9 :i* ! m$iums ( expression 7 practical & effici5t1 suitable = ! purpose int5d$1 & ! equal read9ess ) :i* !y h dropp$ o!r problems4 ,! burn+ ( wood z a means ( decoration did n /& ?is te/1 !re=e x _h to g4 ,oil pa9t is n a suitable m$ium to decorate textiles1 !re=e x too has ne>ly fall5 f use4 ,! value ( appli$ art to home & community re/s ^u ! te/1 :e!r ! pupil :o works out ! problems becomes by virtue !re( a m useful & cultur$ individual 9 ! home & 9 ! social & indu/rial life ( ! community4 ,a problem :i* satisfies ?is te/ becomes a basic problem4 ,to a pupil :o has once b\nd a book ) its cov] design1 end pap]s1 etc41 a book is a diff]5t ?+ ev] aft]4 ,he becomes a m intellig5t & cultur$ memb] ( ! consum+ public s f> z books are conc]n$4 ,to ! dem&s ( _m su* memb]s ! book b9d]s respond ) bett] ?+s4 ,!re=e book b9d+ is a basic problem4 ,simil> reason+ applies :5 a /ud5t weaves a fabric1 plans & makes an article ( dress1 a toy1 a silv] r+1 or a po/]4 ,no "o w dispute t ! all-ov] dye+ ( a fabric1 & ! decoration ( a textile ) a dy$ patt]n1 are basic problems4 ,! rec5t w> br\ght home ! vital place t dyes hold 9 ! life ( ! p4 ,z suitable mat]ials h become available tea*]s h be5 eag] to le>n & use ^! problems4 ,x is seldom t an appli$ problem comes to ! art tea*] t (f]s 9 s full a measure ! ess5tial features ( a basic problem z does batik "w1 :i* involves bo? all-ov] & patt]n dye+4 ,! me*anical process is r simple & (f]s no especial difficulty1 requir+ only ! pa9/ak+ c>e t good tea*]s exact f pupils4 ,! design elem5t involv$ may be simple or elaborate1 fitt$ to ! capacity ( ! pupil4 ,x is a real problem 9 design1 h[ev]1 all[+ great fre$om yet c>ry+ ) x ! discipl9e ( a lat] te/1 viz41 appli$ expression )9 ! limitations ( def9ite m$iums4 ,z ! process controls ! entire surface1 ! pupil is direct$ to plan 8 design & gr\nd areas bo? 9 space & color relations4 ,! m$iums us$ are fabrics & dyes1 bo? insep>ably involv$ 9 education z !y are 9 life4 ,! pupil mu/ plan = ! use int5d$ & also = ! p>ticul> type ( individual or s*eme ( decoration4 ,! "w c>ries ) x all along ! anticipation ( results2 & ! beautiful f9i%$ piece is ! rew>d ( ef=t4 ,:at m c\ld be desir$ 9 an appli$ s*ool problem8 ,! endeavor & ! hope 9 pres5t+ ?is little book on ,batik & ,o!r ,patt]n ,dye+ is to help ^? :o are le>n+ to und]take ^! problems ) bread? ( ?\ght & effici5cy ( me?od4 ,,! ,,au?ors4 ,indianapolis1 ,indiana4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik ,,design p4 #f ,,! ,,ackn[l$gm5ts ,! au?ors are pleas$ to express grateful indebt$ness to a numb] ( fri5ds 9 ,indianapolis4 ,to ,miss ,roda ,e4 ,selleck1 ,%ortridge ,high ,s*ool1 = h] advanc$ high s*ool projects 9 ! developm5t & application ( batik designs2 also 9 ! application ( tie-dye+ & bl[n /5cil+4 ,to ,miss ,c>olyn ,s4 ,a%brook1 ,%ortridge ,high ,s*ool1 = h] projects ) an elem5t>y high s*ool class4 ,to ,miss ,olive ,ru%1 :o design$ & execut$ ,! ,capture = ! frontispiece4 ,to ,miss ,blan*e ,/illson = assi/ance 9 illu/rat+ ! wax resi/ processes2 also = h] designs1 ! bl\se1 page #hj1 & ! patt]n1 page #hg4 ,to ,mr4 ,*>les ,e4 ,ru%1 ,libr>ian ( ! ,public ,libr>y1 = secur+ valuable publications ( ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t4 ,to ,mr4 ,george ,somnes1 ,director ( ,! ,little ,!at]1 & ,mrs4 ,eug5e ,fife1 ,little ,!at]1 = _! "w reveal$ 9 ,*apt] ,v4 ,= ! loan ( old textiles1 ,miss ,eliza ,niblack1 ,curator ( ,textiles1 ,john ,h]ron ,art ,in/itute1 ! s>ong1 page #gf1 & ! *undri1 page #aaj2 ,mrs4 ,clifton ,a4 ,:eel]1 ! ,javanese patt]ns1 page #ie2 ,mrs4 ,william ,o4 ,bates1 ! s>ong design us$ = ! end pap]s2 ,miss ,flor5ce ,fit*1 ,director ( ,art1 ,public ,s*ools1 ! ,indian block pr9t+1 page #abf4 ,= p]mission to photograph _! own h&icraft1 ,miss ,m>y ,ov]beck 7,cambridge ,city1 ,ind47 ! tie-dy$ patt]ns1 pages #aac & #aae2 ,mrs4 ,james ,?ompson1 ! co/ume jewelry1 page #gh1 & ! tie-dy$ sc>f1 page #aae2 ,mrs4 ,j4 ,r4 ,brant1 ! bl\se1 page #hb2 ,miss ,m>y ,janet ,o',reilly1 ! camisole1 page #gh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik ,,design p4 #h ,n[ :at ,i want to d is to put def9itely be=e y a cause = :i* to /rive4 ,t cause is ! ,democracy ( ,art1 ! ennobl+ ( daily & common "w1 :i* w "o day put hope & pleasure 9 ! place ( fe> & pa9 z ! =ces :i* move m5 to labor & keep ! _w a-go+4 ,william ,morris ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,capture1 ,,by ,,olive ,,ru% p4 #aj ,,*apt] ,i ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,"* ,,( ,,batiks ,textile art is "o ( ! olde/ arts kn[n to man4 ,p]sonal adornm5t 0 p]haps ! fir/ attempt at express+ beauty4 ,co/ume design+ & textile indu/ries are /ill mo/ vital movem5ts 9 ! arti/ic developm5t ( ! p4 ,illu/ration3 ,,buddha ,,/atue p4 #aa ,asia is ! great "m ( beauty 9 textile decoration4 ,we d n talk or write ab\t textiles )\t us+ ! words ( h] anci5t peoples4 ,batik--?is anci5t ,asiatic ^w--is "o ( ! olde/ crafts ( ! ,ori5t4 ,9 ,india1 ,java & ,japan ! highe/ te*nique is rea*$4 ,^! p h made a great art ( co/um+4 ,ea* ca/e1 religion & fe/ival requires its special g>m5t4 ,f ! hi/oric days :5 ,columbus se>*$ va9ly = a %ort] way to ! fabl$ ri*es ( ! ,ea/ ,indies until ! way 0 f\nd1 ^! treasure isl&s held ! possessions mo/ covet$ by ! ,we/]n ,_w4 ,m ?an a ?\s& ye>s be=e ?is "t1 ! neighbor+ ,h9dus came to ^! ri* isl&s br++ ) !m religi\s tea*]s1 road mak]s & skill$ craftsm54 ,_m exp$itions fa/5$ ^u ! native tribes ! religion & culture ( ! old] & m civiliz$ c\ntry4 ,:ile ! ,spani%1 ,portuguese & ,engli% adv5tur]s 7 discov]+ new l&s & claim+ !m = _! k+s1 ! ,dut* sailors c>ri$ to & fro ! produce ( ! _w4 ,! ,ne!rl& w>eh\ses 7 fill$ ) treasures ( ! ,ori5t4 ,keep+ pace ) its indu/ry 7 ! univ]sities & ! common s*ools4 ,! records & draw+s ( ,dut* s*ol>s disclose s mu* detail$ in=mation ^u ! h&icraft indu/ries ( ! day t ! rec5t revival ( batik is trac$ to _! g5ius4 ,books issu$ by ! ,dut* ,gov]nm5t to promote ! batik craft1 picture ,javanese wom5 & girls seat$ ^u fib] mats be=e a v]tical frame ^u :i* ! mat]ial is hung = ! execution ( _! art4 ,m5 too are at "w pr9t+ & dye+ ^! fabrics4 ,h\sewives 9 /aid processionals display ! occupation4 ,pr9ces & f9e ladies disport _! gorge\s co/umes4 ,prie/s climb+ ! /eps ( _! temples pa/ ! long r[s ( _! sacr$ gods are respl5d5t 9 batik array4 ,_! olde/ gods are clo!d 9 sculptur$ batik4 ,designs ( great beauty & skill$ execution enri* ! pages ( ^! r>e volumes4 ,among ! ,dut* p mu* ef=t has be5 made to promote ?is art4 ,native designs h be5 fo/]$ & ! modifications h be5 9 dem& = ,european trade4 ,illu/ration3 ,,co/ume ,,( ,,an ,,upp] ,,class ,,javanese ,,woman p4 #ac ,! ,am]ican adaptation ( batik has foll[$ closely ^u ! ,european revival4 ,! ,*9ese1 h[ev]1 h control ( ! indu/ry 9 ,java4 ,!y employ natives at l[ wage to make batiks4 ,! home occupation t took no acc\nt ( "t or pa9s is dy+ out4 ,9 a few ye>s ! products ( ?is inf9itely bett] craft w be f\nd only 9 museums & 9 ! possession ( collectors4 ,"u ,*9ese managem5t batik mak+ has become ! lead+ occupation4 ,batik is a me?od ( draw+ or pa9t+ ) wax ^u a fabric1 aft] :i* ! mat]ial is dy$ & ! wax remov$4 ,! result ( ?is process is a decoration 9 silh\ette ^u ! dy$ backgr\nd ( ! goods4 ,! wax g5]ally us$ 9 ,java is hot beeswax or a vegetable wax import$ f ,japan4 ,! wax is remov$ by scrap+ & melt+4 ,! wax+ is repeat$ z _m times z !re are colors 9 ! design4 ,! process is long & t$i\s & (t5 requires mon?s4 ,=m]ly ! colors 7 native vegetable dyes4 ,! mo/ common 7 indigo1 mango tree b>k & madd]4 ,^! colors h fall5 into disuse1 artificial dyes hav+ replac$ !m4 ,! wax resi/s ! action ( ! dye-ba? except :]e x cracks4 ,"h ! dye creeps 91 produc+ ! *>act]i/ic crackle ( batik "w4 ,! ,ori5tal craftsman nev] =ces crackle4 ,) him x is always an incid5t1 ! subtle accid5t ( 8 h&icraft4 ,illu/ration3 ,,javanese ,,woman ,,engag$ ,,9 ,,batik ,,decoration p4 #ae ,! nature ( ! process =ces simple execution 9 wax+ ! %apes & outl9es1 & also limits ! numb] ( times ! piece may be dy$4 ,apply+ ! wax becomes increas+ly difficult aft] ea* dipp+4 ,spott+ ( color ov] ! entire piece makes ?9k+ 9 color z important z ! pa9t+ 9 ( ! wax4 ,! ,ori5tal process ( dye+ is ! rev]se ( ! ,am]ican1 9 t x applies ! d>ke/ colors fir/4 ,?is necessitates previ\s wax+ ov] p>ts to be kept light & also ! removal ( ! wax & an entire new wax+ aft] ea* dye+4 ,! ,am]ican me?od is to dye ! lighte/ colors fir/ & build up ! deep] colors4 ,betwe5 dye+s ! old wax+ is repair$ & additional areas wax$4 ,! s>ong1 worn by ,javanese natives1 is a skirt-l piece ( goods ab\t ! size & proportion ( a w9d[ curta94 ,?is g>m5t falls f ! wai/1 or above x1 to ! feet4 ,! fabric is *eap cotton manufactur$ 9 ,holl& or ,engl&4 ,! color & decoration ( ! s>ong is influ5c$ by ca/e & religion4 ,! feudal framework ( ,javanese society has giv5 mu* significance to rank4 ,! wom5 add to ! s>ong a kemban4 ,?is g>m5t is n unlike a bl\se )\t %\ld] supports or sleeves4 ,! kemban is w\nd tightly ab\t ! body "u ! arms4 ,! drap]y cov]s ! upp] "p ( ! s>ong4 ,! sl5dang completes ! we>+ app>el ( ! wom54 ,x is a sc>f worn = adornm5t or useful = c>ry+ ! y\nge/ *ild1 or o!r burd5s4 ,! ,javanese man we>s ! s>ong 9 ! same mann] z ! wom51 :i* leads ! =eign] to awkw>d misund]/&+s4 ,8 long hair is done on ! top ( 8 head & b\nd ar\nd ) a s>ong kapala4 ,?is head dress is ti$ at ! nape ( ! neck4 ,! s>ong kapala is squ>e1 & :5 fitt$ is />*$ & %ap$ to ! head4 ,illu/ration3 ,,javanese ,,natives ,,dye+ ,,batiks p4 #ag ,among ! poor] classes ^! g>m5ts are pla91 usually d>k blue1 = daily we>1 b on occasions !y are vivid ) color decorations4 ,! native work] prep>es 8 cotton goods by soak+ 9 oil1 aft]w>ds 9 lye4 ,?is process is repeat$ until ! mat]ial is s(t5$ & a pleas+ yell[ gray4 ,h& decoration is done by wom54 ,! mat]ial is hung ov] an upright frame4 ,! h& supports ! goods1 & ! molt5 wax is appli$ to ! design4 ,!y use a funnel-l cup ) a bamboo h&le4 ,! wax trickles sl[ly ?r\gh ! sl5d] tube1 & ) ?is ! outl9e is made4 ,?is in/rum5t is call$ a tjant+4 ,!re is no "r or wrong side ( ?is fabric1 z ! wax+ is done on bo? sides4 ,to cov] l>ge surfaces ) wax1 !y use a bru%4 ,^! wom5 h acquir$ a high degree ( skill ?r\gh repetition ( ! same design on ! same k9d ( g>m5t4 ,! wood5 frame ov] :i* ! goods are fa/5$ is moveable4 ,! wax is melt$ ov] an e>!n heat] ) an op5 side1 into :i* ! ends ( long /icks are ?ru/ = burn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,javanese ,,man ,,decorat+ ,a ,,s>ong ,,) ,a ,,tjap p4 #ai ,al?\gh ! tjant+ is ! m desir$ & v]satile device = apply+ wax1 ! m5 wax batiks ) tjaps4 ,! tjap is a wood5 block ) designs ( metal ins]t4 ,! craftsman sits on a l[ /ool 9 front ( an incl9$ table ov] :i* ! goods are smoo?ly spread4 ,! bottom ( a %all[ pan is cov]$ ) wax1 heat$ 9 ! same mann] z = ! tjant+4 ,an absorb5t pad is plac$ 9 ! pan1 ! tjap is press$ on ! pad & impr9t$ on ! fabric4 ,! fabric is !n turn$ &1 ) ano!r tjap made l ! fir/ except ) its symmetry rev]s$1 wax impr9ts are made 9 exactly ! same places4 ,?is insures good wax+ on bo? sides ( ! fabric4 ,! piece is !n ready = ! dye4 ,illu/ration3 ,,javanese ,,batik ,,tools p4 #bj ,sometimes a set ( _m tjaps is us$ to "w out a patt]n = a s>ong or o!r g>m5t4 ,! mak+ ( ^! tjaps is ! labori\s & exp5sive "w ( exp]ts4 ,( c\rse we may expect to f9d _m repetitions ( su* patt]ns1 diff]+ f "o ano!r only 9 ! accid5ts ( dye+4 ,frequ5tly diff]5t me?ods ( apply+ wax are us$ 9 ! same decoration4 ,freeh& "w ) ! tjant+ & bru% on f9e pieces s]ve to take away f ! me*anical reproduction ( tjap designs4 ,! decoration ( ! end pap]s ( ?is book1 tak5 f a f9e old s>ong1 af=ds an int]e/+ /udy4 ,! mo/ arti/ic & highly reg>d$ effects 9 batiks among ! ,japanese work]s are execut$ z !y are 9 ,am]ica today1 i4e41 ! wax is appli$ ) a bru% & is z free f me*anical aids z pa9t+4 ,piet] ,mij]1 9 ,batiks & ,h[ to ,make ,!m1 publi%$ by ,dodd ,mead ,company1 ,new ,york1 writes ( ! mod]n developm5t ( batiks 9 ,holl&4 ,! arti/s :o h /imulat$ ! pres5t int]e/ are ,cris ,lebeau1 ,dijesselh( & ,lion ,ca*et4 ,! illu/rations ( _! "w h a *>m & individuality wor?y ( ! highe/ respect4 ,! au?or's own piece %[n 9 ! same gr\p does n lose by comp>ison4 ,?is book is also ri* 9 valuable in/ruction & o!r illu/rations ( batiks1 %[+ high ,am]ican /&>ds ( ! craft4 ,batik adaptation 9 ,am]ica is )\t tradition1 & is an outgr[? ( y\? & en?usiasm caught up & c>ri$ on ! high tide ( progress & opportunity4 ,! real significance ( its popul>ity rea*es backw>d into ! necessity t confront$ work]s 9 textile design+ aft] ,europe 0 caught 9 ! mael/rom ( w>4 ,! textile manufactur] has quickly adapt$ batik designs1 inde$ ! arti/ work+ 9 batiks feels a close k9%ip to textile indu/ry4 ,batik decoration is free f limitations t re/rict me*anical pr9t+4 ,9 design+ fabrics = ! ord9>y me?ods ( me*anical reproduction1 :]e great y>dage is produc$1 ! design] consults an av]age ta/e2 :]eas 9 batiks ea* piece is def9itely design$ ) a p>ticul> sett+ or individual 9 view4 ,!re is no necessity = mu* repetition ( any design1 nor inde$ c exact copy ev] be made4 ,! fir/ en?usiasm ( ! work] 9 batiks is apt to f9d expression 9 a bur/ ( color run riot1 ( crackle craze1 ) too little att5tion paid to design4 ,b ?is soon gives way1 z x %\ld1 to m cons]vative expression 9 :i* design is ! controll+ elem5t1 & ! art comes to its own z a me?od ( subtle & beautiful illum9ation ( textiles4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik ,,design p4 #bb ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,design p4 #bc ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,design p4 #bd ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,design p4 #be ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,design p4 #bf ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,designs p4 #bg ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,designs p4 #bh ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,designs p4 #bi ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,designs p4 #cj ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,designs p4 #ca ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,designs p4 #cb ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,designs p4 #cc ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,batik ,,designs p4 #cd ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,dye+ ,,fabrics ,,all-,,ov] ,,dye+ ,! simple/ process ( dye+ a fabric consi/s 9 subm]g+ x 9 a solution ( dye1 kn[n z a dye-ba?1 & all[+ x to extract or exhau/ ! color f ! ba?4 ,x is necess>y t !re be an attraction or aff9ity betwe5 ! fib] ( ! fabric & ! dye 9 solution4 ,all p>ts ( ! fabric mu/ be giv5 equal opportunity to extract ! dye 9 ord] t a uni=m color or level dye+ be obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,us+ ,a ,,dye-,,ba? p4 #ce ,to accompli% ?is end exp]i5ce has f\nd t a few simple ?+s mu/ be obs]v$4 ,^! h to d )1 7#a7 ! prep>ation ( ! fabric = dye+1 7#b7 ! mak+ ( ! dye-ba?1 7#c7 ! h&l+ ( ! fabric :ile 9 ! dye-ba?1 & 7#d7 ! h&l+ ( ! fabric aft] ! dye+4 #a4 ,! ,prep>ation ( ! ,fabric4 ,! fabric mu/ be clean4 ,a spot ( grease or o!r soil all[s t "p ( ! fabric less opportunity to extract color f ! dye-ba?1 ) ! result t ! dye+ is n level4 ,?or\gh wa%+ ) soap & w>m wat] foll[$ by a good r9s+ w remove mo/ spots4 ,! me?ods ( ! dry clean] w be necess>y = o!rs4 ,all siz+ mu/ be remov$4 ,siz+ consi/s ( sub/ances su* z clay1 fl\r1 />*1 gum1 oil1 tall[1 soap1 etc41 put into ! fib]1 ei!r be=e or aft] weav+1 = ! purpose ( giv+ weight1 body1 /r5g?1 /iffness1 s(tness1 f9i%1 or o!r desir$ quality4 ,"s siz+ prev5ts ! extraction ( color f ! dye-ba?4 ,9 o!r cases ! siz+ itself absorbs a l>ge %>e ( ! color1 & lat] :5 ! siz+ is remov$ by wa%+ ?is color goes ) x4 ,vigor\s wa%+ ) soap & hot wat]1 foll[$ by r9s+1 w remove mo/ siz+4 ,a fabric :i* suff]s injury by ! removal ( its siz+ is n suitable = dye+4 ,previ\sly dy$ fabrics are (t5 unev5 9 color due to spott+ & fad+4 ,level dye+ _c be done ov] su* color4 ,! practice ( ! pr(essional dy] is to remove or level ?is color be=e attempt+ fur!r dye+4 ,?is (t5 calls = skill beyond t ( ! inexp]i5c$ work]4 ,sometimes prolong$ boil+ 9 /rong soap suds w accompli% ?is4 ,_m colors w also yield to hot hydrosulphite solution foll[$ by a good r9s+4 ,( c\rse :]e goods h be5 previ\sly color$ !re are limitations z to ! colors t may be obta9$ by additional dye+4 ,= example1 blue goods _c1 )\t ! removal ( ! blue color1 be dy$ yell[ b may be dy$ gre5 or purple or a deep] blue4 ,yell[ goods _c be dy$ p9k1 b may be dy$ orange1 gre51 br[n or black4 ,?is w be discuss$ m fully lat]4 ,"s fib]s are h>d & h>% & resi/ant1 l cra% & mo/ new cotton clo?4 ,?is is due to ! pres5ce ( gums1 res9s1 waxes & o!r impurities1 sub/ances :i* ei!r attract dyes or else prev5t _! tak+ ! fib]4 ,x is n possible to dye su* goods successfully )\t fir/ r5d]+ ! fib]s s(t & absorb5t4 ,?is may be accompli%$ by prolong$ boil+ 9 wa%+ soda4 ,repeat$ wa%+ & exposure to air w also d x1 h5ce old cotton usually dyes well4 ,te*nically !re are elaborate & c>efully c>ri$ out *emical processes ( prep>+ cotton clo? = dye+1 & entire mills are busy do+ ?is "o ?+4 ,! ,javanese & o!r ,ori5tal peoples pur*ase cotton clo? f ,europe & treat x = _m days1 alt]nately soak+ 9 oil & boil+ 9 lye f a%es1 !n expos+ to ! hot sun4 ,?is process is repeat$ until ! clo? is s(t & absorb5t & suitable to receive color decoration4 ,! clo? %\ld always be ?or\ghly wet be=e putt+ x into ! dye-ba?4 ,?is %\ld be done 9 wat] ( ! same temp]ature z ! dye-ba?4 ,x may be briefly m5tion$ "h t a fabric mu/ sometimes be giv5 a treatm5t ) "s *emical1 call$ a mordant1 be=e x w exhau/ c]ta9 dyes f ! ba? & be prop]ly dy$4 #b4 ,! ,mak+ ( ! ,dye-,ba?4 ,= simple dye+1 z m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is *apt]1 we mu/ obs]ve ! foll[+ ?+s3 ,! dye-ba? mu/ be suffici5t 9 quantity to cov] ! goods well & to p]mit ( _! be+ work$ ?or\ghly dur+ ! process ( dye+4 ,= ! dye-vat1 or conta9] = ! dye-ba?1 use pref]ably a l>ge granitew>e pan or /one j>4 ,metal di%es1 especially iron1 are sometimes injuri\s4 ,pr(essional dy]s (t5 use vats ( copp]1 brass or wood4 ,s(t wat] is pref]able1 & x %\ld be free ( s$im5t4 ,! pres5ce ( iron 9 wat] is mo/ injuri\s z x dulls1 or sadd5s1 ! %ade ( mo/ colors4 ,a h>d wat] conta9+ lime %\ld be purifi$ or s(t5$4 ,lime sometimes causes unev5 dye+4 ,! dye mu/ be completely dissolv$ 9 ! wat]4 ,if specks ( undissolv$ dye are pres5t !re w be a spott$ unev5 dye+4 ,x is be/ to dissolve ! dye 9 a small am\nt ( wat] 9 a sep>ate di% & !n /ra9 x4 ,?is %\ld be add$ to ! dye-ba? a portion at a "t dur+ ! dye+4 ,! reason = ?is w appe> lat]4 ,! temp]ature ( ! dye-ba? has mu* to d ) ! dye+4 ,!re is no g5]al rule applicable to all dyes4 ,ea* dye is usually accompani$ by directions z to ! temp]ature to be us$4 ,9 g5]al x may be said t all dyes "w bett] 9 w>m or hot solution4 ,"s dyes require prolong$ boil+2 9 o!r cases boil+ is positively injuri\s to ! dye4 ,sometimes a def9ite temp]ature bel[ ! boil+ po9t mu/ be ma9ta9$4 ,sometimes ! temp]ature is rais$ or l[]$ dur+ ! dye+4 ,9 all cases ! temp]ature %\ld be kept ! same 9 ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! ba?1 o!rwise ! dye+ w be unev54 ,_m dyes1 :ile mo/ successful at high temp]ature1 "w v well 9 mod]ately w>m1 or ev5 cold solution4 ,?is is ( v great advantage 9 patt]n dye+1 z 9 batik "w1 :]e ! wax =bids a high temp]ature4 ,! composition ( ! dye-ba? is n (t5 z simple z we h indicat$4 ,usually ! dy] adds "o or m o!r *emicals to assi/ 9 dissolv+ ! dye1 to control ! rate ( absorption ( ! dye by ! fabric1 or = "s o!r purpose4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ dye+ is done 9 ba?s s complex & ) op]ations s exact+ 9 c>e t only ! tra9$ pr(essional ) 8 elaborate equipm5t is able to und]take x4 #c4 ,! ,h&l+ ( ! ,fabric 9 ! ,dye-,ba?4 ,s9ce all p>ts ( ! fabric mu/ h equal opportunity to be dy$1 9 ord] t a level dye+ be obta9$1 x is absolutely necess>y t ! goods be work$ z long z !y rema9 9 ! dye-ba?4 ,?is work+ mu/ be ?or\gh & cont9u\s )\t int]ruption4 ,?is _c be emphasiz$ too mu*4 ,let u ?9k :at happ5s if ?is rule is n he$$ & ! goods /& a few m9utes 9 ! ba?4 ,"s p>ts ( ! fabric w lie inside ! folds ( o!r p>ts &1 hav+ access to only a small "p ( ! dye-ba?1 w soon exhau/ all ( ! dye available1 a condition kn[n z local exhau/ion4 ,mean:ile o!r p>ts ( ! fabric m favorably situat$ w cont9ue to absorb dye4 ,m unev5 dye+ 9 s*ools & homes is due p]haps to ?is cause ?an to any o!r4 ,con/ant work+ ( ! goods keeps ! dye t yet rema9s 9 solution uni=mly di/ribut$ 9 ! ba? s t all p>ts ( ! fabric are absorb+ dye alike4 ,x also ma9ta9s :at is equally ess5tial to level dye+1 a uni=m temp]ature 9 all p>ts ( ! ba?4 ,x is to m9imize ! dang] ( unev5 dye+ due to ?is local exhau/ion t ! dye-ba? mu/ be made ( suffici5t volume to cov] ! goods well4 ,! goods mu/ be mov$ ab\t 9 ! ba? ) ! greate/ fre$om4 ,x is = ! same reason1 especially :5 ! aff9ity betwe5 fib] & color is v great1 t ! dye is add$ a small portion at a "t4 ,! goods aft] be+ treat$ ) "p ( ! dye are lift$ out ( ! ba?1 a new portion ( dye quickly add$ & /irr$1 & ! dye+ op]ation r5ew$4 ,?is is repeat$ until ! desir$ %ade is obta9$4 ,! beg9n] is apt to ?9k t to get a full color requires a conc5trat$ dye-ba?4 ,exp]i5ce w tea* him t1 :5 ! dyes are prop]ly *os5 = 8 fabric1 a full color is obta9$ bett] by a long] treatm5t 9 a dilute ba?1 ) additions ( dye z m5tion$ above4 ,9 ?is way ne>ly if n all ( ! color put into ! ba? is absorb$ by ! clo?4 ,?is s]ves = economy ( color1 makes obs]vation & control ( ! process easi]1 simplifies ! problem ( r9s+1 & improves ! quality ( ! dye+4 ,x is ! only way dye+ to %ade c be accompli%$4 ,a sl[ dye+ is g5]ally m level & successful 9 e way4 ,9 cases :]e ! fib] absorbs ! color gre$ily ! dy] sometimes puts o!r +r$i5ts call$ assi/ants into ! ba? to ret>d ?is absorption4 ,frequ5tly ! craftsman does %ad$ dye+1 su* z a sc>f ) deep blue ends grad+ to a light blue c5t]4 ,! foll[+ directions w accompli% ?is3 ,hold ! sc>f 9 ! middle ) "o h&1 dip ! ends into ! dye-ba? & "w !m ?or\ghly ) ! o!r h&4 ,!n l[] ! sc>f into ! ba? v gradually )\t int]rupt+ ! work+4 ,if a half h\r is tak5 to l[] ! sc>f ! ends w be 9 ! ba? p]haps ?irty-five m9utes1 ! c5t] five m9utes1 & besides1 be=e ! c5t] is dy$ mo/ ( ! color w h be5 exhau/$ f ! ba?4 #d4 ,! ,h&l+ ( ! ,fabric ,aft] ! ,dye+4 ,! usual proc$ure aft] dye+ is a ?or\gh r9s+ to remove all surplus dye & *emicals4 ,! importance ( ?is w be appreciat$ f ! foll[+ consid]ations3 ,if n remov$ _m *emicals :i* h be5 us$ z assi/ants1 becom+ m conc5trat$ z ! goods dry1 act injuri\sly on ! dye or ! fib]4 ,likewise any unus$ color w cont9ue to dye ! goods & ( c\rse unev5ly4 ,x is cle>ly ess5tial t ! r9s+ be done imm$iately ^u removal ( ! goods f ! ba?4 ,! directions sometimes call = wa%+ 9 soap & wat] aft] dye+4 ,! excess ( r9se wat] %\ld be remov$ & ! goods dri$ z rapidly z possible4 ,usually !re is no objection to wr++4 ,a fabric %\ld nev] be all[$ to hang & dra9 dry1 z ! dye+ is liable to become unev5 9 /reaks1 especially :5 ! dye us$ is "o giv5 to run or ble$1 or 9 any case :]e ! r9s+ has n be5 absolutely ?or\gh4 ,! craftsman 9 dye+ a small piece frequ5tly puts x betwe5 t[els or newspap]s to absorb ! excess wat] & !n %akes x until dry4 ,?is is to be comm5d$4 ,! te*nical dy] has suitable ma*9]y to accompli% ?is "w4 ,to dry a batik piece1 :]e ! wax =bids wr++ or r\gh h&l+ 9 any way1 spread ! piece c>efully on t[els or newspap]s1 cov] ) m t[els or pap]s to remove ! excess wat]1 !n %ake v g5tly until dry1 or hang on a wax$ l9e4 ,at no "t dur+ ! process ( dye+ %\ld ! goods be all[$ to rema9 9 contact ) o!r absorb5t surfaces1 su* z bo>ds1 pap]1 clo?1 clo!s-l9e1 grass1 etc4 ,^! are apt to absorb color away f ! goods & leave fad$ /reaks or spots4 ,a clo!s-l9e us$ = ?is purpose %\ld be wax$ to make x non-absorb5t4 ,,patt]n ,,dye+ ,! prec$+ g5]al pr9ciples h be5 outl9$ ) all-ov] dye+ especially 9 m9d4 ,we n[ come to ! consid]ation ( patt]n dye+1 :]e 9 ord] to produce a design x is necess>y to dye *os5 p>ts ( ! fabric & keep ! dye away f o!r p>ts4 ,all t has be5 said ) ref]5ce to mak+ all-ov] dye+ effici5t applies equally well to patt]n dye+4 ,if possible1 ev]y?+ t is done to make all-ov] dye+ successful %\ld be done 9 patt]n dye+ to obta9 a correspond+ success4 ,practically1 h[ev]1 we f9d x impossible to c>ry out "s ( ! /eps4 ,= example1 9 ! usual block pr9t+1 we d n h ! problem ( h&l+ ! fabric 9 a dye-ba?1 b r t ( h&l+ dye on ! fabric4 ,"h we mu/ take special /eps to get ! dye well into ! fib] & secure ! results obta9$ f ! l>ge dye-ba? 9 all-ov] dye+4 ,! fabric mu/ be prep>$ = patt]n dye+ 9 ! same mann] z = all-ov] dye+4 ,x is j z ess5tial t x be clean1 free ( siz+1 ) its fib]s s(t & absorb5t4 ,att5tion has be5 call$ to ! pa9s tak5 by ! ,ori5tals 9 ! prep>ation ( _! fabrics = decoration4 ,we mu/ n jeop>dize our success by omitt+ to boil out new raw mat]ial & to clean old mat]ial4 ,?is wa%+ be=e dye+ also br+s ab\t any %r9kage t is to occur1 & ( c\rse ?is mu/ be done be=e ! design is trac$ on ! clo?1 o!rwise "o c\ld n intellig5tly "w to dim5sions4 ,a dy$ patt]n may be produc$ 9 sev]al ways3 #a4 ,! dye is appli$ to ! desir$ p>ts ( ! fabric & means tak5 to set x !re )\t x spread+ to o!r p>ts4 ,?is is kn[n z direct color+4 ,block pr9t+ & /5cil+1 z ord9>ily done1 are examples4 ,calico pr9t+ is an indu/rial application ( ! me?od4 #b4 ,a resi/ ( "s k9d is appli$ to p>ts ( ! fabric to prev5t _! tak+ ! dye1 aft] :i* ! fabric is treat$ 9 a dye-ba?4 ,batik decoration & tie-dy$ "w bo? fall 9 ?is class4 ,/5cils & pr9t blocks may also be us$ 9 ! application ( ! resi/4 #c4 ,a dis*>ge is put on p>ts ( previ\sly dy$ goods1 :i* ei!r removes ! color :]e x t\*es1 or else alt]s ! %ade4 ,diff]5t dis*>ges are us$ accord+ to ! nature ( ! dye & ! goods4 ,"s *emicals us$ z dis*>ges are liable1 unless skillfully h&l$1 to attack & t5d] ! clo?4 ,! me?od belongs r to ! indu/rial _w :]e abundant app>atus & tra9$ dye+ *emi/s are available4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 beyond ! skill ( a good craftsman :o has acquir$ "s exp]i5ce ) dyes4 ,! dye = direct color+ is appli$ 9 liquid =m1 sometimes ?ick5$ into a pa/e by use ( gums1 />*1 etc4 ,(t5 mordants or o!r assi/+ *emicals are incorporat$ into ! mixture4 ,9 block pr9t+ ?is color mixture is bru%$ on ! block1 :i* is !n impr9t$ on ! fabric 9 ! desir$ place1 & ! color driv5 into ! fib] ) pressure or a %>p bl[4 ,/5cil+ is done by bru%+ ! color mixture ?r\gh ! op5 p>ts ( ! /5cil1 or by bl[n /5cil+ 9 :i* a volatile color mixture is spray$ ) an atomiz]4 ,! be/ me?od ( sett+ ! dyes 9 ?is direct color+ is t pursu$ comm]cially 9 calico pr9t+1 treatm5t ) dry /eam1 i4e41 /eam appli$ at a temp]ature suffici5tly high to prev5t its cond5sation into drops ( hot wat] on ! fabric1 :i* w\ld be q ru9\s to ! design4 ,?is is done successfully by ,ori5tal craftsm51 & x w\ld be v desirable to h suitable app>atus 9 ,am]ican s*ools & /udios4 ,next be/1 ?\gh consid]ably less effici5t1 is ! commonly practic$ me?od ( lay+ ! fabric betwe5 damp5$ clo?s & press+ ) a hot iron until dry4 ,! resi/ me?od has an advantage 9 t x all[s ! use ( a dye-ba?4 ,! limitation ( temp]atures t may be us$ places "s re/riction on ! *oice ( dyes4 ,batik dye+ mu/ be done )\t melt+ ! wax resi/4 ,b aft] elim9at+ ^? dyes :i* require high temp]atures & also ^? n suitable = patt]n dye+1 !re /ill rema9s a good range ( colors4 ,batik is )\t d\bt ! mo/ v]satile ( all me?ods ( patt]n dye+4 ,tie-dy$ "w dep5ds ^u tightly w\nd /r+ or y>n to resi/ ! dye4 ,x also has ! advantage ( ! dye-ba?4 ,?\gh less v]satile ?an batik1 x has a "t-honor$ place z a me?od ( beautiful & *>m+ results4 ,! introduction ( /icks ov] :i* ! ty+ is done1 su* /icks z are us$ by ! *ildr5 9 /ick pr9t+1 has op5$ new problems ) add$ v>iety & mu* int]e/4 ,,dyes ,! colors available = craft "w are commonly gr\p$ into ! foll[+ classes1 :i* w be briefly describ$3 ,direct ,colors4 ,^! are s call$ because !y are appli$ to all fib]s directly )\t ! use ( mordants4 ,!y are pr9cipally us$ = dye+ cotton4 ,"s dyes ( ?is class h aff9ity = bo? cotton & wool4 ,mo/ ( ! package dyes sold at ! local /ores are ( ?is class4 ,!y are appli$ to cotton 9 a boil+ ba? & to wool at high temp]ature ne> ! boil+ po9t4 ,diff]5t assi/ants are us$ v>y+ ) ! dye & ! nature ( ! fabric4 ,! direct colors1 be+ v soluble1 are prone to ble$ :5 ! goods are wa%$1 b ow+ to ?is same fact x is easy to produce level dye+ on ! goods4 ,on ?is same acc\nt1 h[ev]1 & also on acc\nt ( ! high temp]ature requir$1 !y are n well suit$ = patt]n dye+4 ,acid ,colors4 ,^! h great comm]cial value = dye+ wool & sometimes silk4 ,! be/ ( !m are q fa/ to light b n to wa%+4 ,!y are n suitable = cotton or l954 ,basic ,colors4 ,^! w dye wool & silk directly & also raffia1 /raw1 basketry mat]ial1 lea!r & wood4 ,!y dye cotton :5 mordant$ ) tannic acid1 & ?is con/itutes a v l>ge comm]cial use4 ,basic dyes are especially /rong 9 color+ p[]4 ,_m ( !m are fugitive to light4 ,a few ( ! be/ ( !m1 h[ev]1 :5 prop]ly appli$1 are fa/ to wa%+ & fairly fa/ to light4 ,sulphur ,colors4 ,^! are us$ ext5sively on cotton1 giv+ colors fa/ to wa%+ & to light4 ,! dye+ is done at high temp]ature 9 a /rongly alkal9e ba? ( sodium sulphide along ) o!r assi/ants4 ,! colors are all dull & ! range ( colors is n complete1 !re be+ a lack ( r$s4 ,^! dyes are n suitable = silks4 ,vat ,colors are s call$ because ! me?od ( dye+ is t ( ! indigo vat4 ,indigo has be5 kn[n = a long "t1 b only 9 rec5t ye>s h o!r dyes ( ?is class be5 produc$1 until n[ ! s]ies includes ! entire range ( colors4 ,z a class !y are ! fa/e/ colors ev] kn[n4 ,! be/ ( !m are s fa/ t ! clo? w we> out )\t ! color *ang+4 ,!y are us$ *iefly on cotton & l951 sometimes on silk4 ,vat dyes h be5 v exp5sive & sc>cely obta9able dur+ ! w>4 ,_! future is ( great int]e/ & importance bo? 9 ! indu/ries & to craft work]s4 ,9 addition to ! dyes above m5tion$ !re are _m o!rs ! use ( :i* is q complicat$ & te*nical & !re=e conf9$ to ! indu/ries4 ,= a full] discussion ( dyes & _! uses ! read] is ref]r$ to ,pellew's ,dyes & ,dye+ 7,rob]t ,mc,bride ,co41 ,new ,york74 ,?is is a mo/ excell5t book writt5 = craftsm54 ,l mo/ ( our lit]ature1 ! treatm5t ( dyes is bas$ ^u pre-w> conditions1 :5 ne>ly all ( our colors 7 import$4 ,! late/ edition1 h[ev]1 conta9s an add$ *apt] deal+ ) ! pres5t transitional /ate1 incid5t to ! transf] ( ! indu/ry to ?is side ( ! wat] & ! developm5t ( great ,am]ican color h\ses4 ,x may be add$ t ! lead+ firms c>ry+ s*ool art supplies (f] dyes 9 suitable =m especially adapt$ = ! problems 9 patt]n dye+4 ,p]haps a few sugge/ions to ! less exp]i5c$ ( our read]s w prove helpful4 ,all ( ! good dyes manufactur$ today are 9 a v pure =m4 ,! use ( "o dye alone (t5 gives results t are crude )\t any subtle beauty4 ,x is frequ5tly necess>y to apply ! pr9ciple well kn[n to all work]s 9 color1 t colors are s(t5$ & beautifi$ by small admixtures ( _! complim5ts2 t "o color t is cold1 or ano!r t is hot1 becomes w>m$ or ton$ by a suitable admixture ( o!r colors4 ,x may be /at$ t mo/ ( ! beautiful dye+ is built up f two or m colors4 ,?is is accompli%$1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! dyes & ! fabric1 by mix+ ! colors 9 ! same dye-ba?1 or by dye+ ! clo? successively 9 diff]5t colors4 ,( c\rse ! previ\s condition ( ! fabric mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,a blea*$ cotton clo? mu/ be treat$ diff]5tly f a gray$ "o if an equally s(t effect is desir$4 ,9 ! old days dyes conta9$ impurities :i* (t5 caus$ beautiful gray$ effects4 ,b x is inexcusable today = anyone ) k ( ! above pr9ciple & ) elem5t>y k ( dyes & dye-ba?s n to get equally good results4 ,! in>ti/ic "w t we see s preval5t today 9 ! realm ( dy$ fabrics is due 9 "p to ignorance & lack ( appreciation ( good color & 9 "p to ! comm]cial race = pr(it4 ,z ! ta/e ( ! p makes dem& = bett] ?+s ! response ( indu/ry w n be want+4 ,nor ne$ ! craftsman ( today sp5d idle "t m\rn+ ! disappe>ance ( vegetable colors & 8 necessity = us+ coal t> dyes4 ,we mu/ rememb] t only ! be/ ( ! vegetable dye+ has come d[n to u4 ,! proportion ( poor "w ) vegetable dyes has always be5 z l>ge or ev5 l>g] ?an ) ! pres5t-day colors4 ,we are too prone to comp>e ! ord9>y home dye+ ( today or ! *eap] comm]cial dye+ ) ! good pieces t h be5 pres]v$ f ! pa/4 ,:5 9 ju/ice ! comp>ison is made ( ! be/ ) ! be/1 ! coal t> dyes n only d n suff] b !y really ga94 ,! coal t> dyes are l ! vegetable dyes 9 ! s5se ( be+ organic4 ,9 _m in/ances !y are id5tical *emically ) correspond+ dyes =m]ly obta9$ f vegetables4 ,! "o diff]5ce1 z we h indicat$1 is _! purity4 ,j z our granules ( sug> h displac$ ! sweet5+ ( =m] days2 j z our mod]n m$ic9es h succe$$ ! h]b-teas ( our gr&p>5ts1 s also h come our dyes4 ,all are a*ievem5ts ( sci5ce4 ,coal t> dyes h come to /ay1 vegetable dyes = ! mo/ "p h gone & w n return1 & !re is no sadness 9 ! ^w4 ,x is r = u to rise to ! *all5ge t has come1 to recognize our great] h]itage1 & by pa9s1 pati5ce & intellig5ce 9 our "w to ply ! art wor?ily4 ,,color ,,mix+ ,! foll[+ g5]al pr9ciples ( color mix+ apply to dye+1 bo? :5 colors are mix$ 9 a dye-ba? & :5 !y are dy$ "o color ov] ano!r3 ,r$ is gray$ by small am\nts ( yell[ & blue or by any color conta9+ bo? ( ^!1 z gre51 br[n or gray4 ,yell[ is gray$ by small am\nts ( r$ & blue or by any color conta9+ bo? ( ^!1 z purple1 br[n or gray4 ,blue is gray$ by small am\nts ( r$ & yell[1 or by any color conta9+ bo? ( ^!1 z orange1 br[n or gray4 ,r$ plus yell[ gives orange or yell[i% r$ or r$di% yell[4 ,^! are gray$ by a small am\nt ( blue or any color conta9+ blue1 z gre51 purple1 br[n or gray4 ,r$ plus blue gives purple or r$di% blue or blui% r$4 ,^! are gray$ by a small am\nt ( yell[ or any color conta9+ yell[1 z orange1 gre51 br[n or gray4 ,blue plus yell[ gives gre5 or blui% yell[ 7usually call$ gre5i% yell[7 or yell[i% blue 7usually call$ gre5i% blue74 ,^! are gray$ by a small am\nt ( r$ or any color conta9+ r$1 z orange1 purple1 br[n or gray4 ,r$ plus yell[ plus blue give-- 7#a7 ,"o ( ! above if any "o or two ( ! ?ree is pres5t 9 ! small proportion necess>y = gray+ purposes4 7#b7 ,gray if all ?ree are pres5t 9 su* proportion z to neutralize ea* o!r4 ,if ?is is p]fectly accompli%$ we h a neutral gray1 o!rwise a r$ gray1 yell[ gray1 blue gray1 purple gray1 etc4 ,gray int5sifi$ becomes black1 & !re are modifi$ blacks1 z blue black1 gre5 black1 etc4 ,9 mak+ up a gray or black1 beg9n]s usually err 9 tak+ too l>ge a proportion ( yell[1 & p]haps also ( r$4 7#c7 ,br[n if ! ?ree are pres5t )9 c]ta9 o!r ranges ( proportion4 ,br[ns may be classifi$ z yell[ br[ns1 r$ br[ns1 blue br[ns1 gre5 br[ns1 purple br[ns1 etc4 ,!re are all gradations betwe5 neutral gray & ! br[ns2 betwe5 ! br[ns & ! second>y colors1 orange1 gre5 & purple2 betwe5 ! second>y colors & ! prim>y colors1 r$1 yell[ & blue4 ,9 ! practical h&l+ ( dyes1 9 ord] to get ! entire range ( colors f ! prim>y colors1 x is necess>y t ! r$1 yell[ & blue dyes *os5 be pure & lum9\s 9 color quality4 ,=tunately1 !re are su* dyes4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 o!r valuable dyes t d n h ?is purity ( color4 ,= example1 !re are yell[s conta9+ consid]able r$ or br[n1 r$s conta9+ yell[ or blue1 blues conta9+ r$1 etc4 ,!n !re are dyes t are gre51 br[n1 purple & black4 ,all ( ^! h limitations :5 us$ 9 comp\nd+ colors4 ,nei!r a yell[ incl9$ to ! br[n1 nor a r$ conta9+ blue1 c be us$ to =m a lum9\s orange4 ,likewise ! comp\nd+ ( a vivid blue gre51 or res$a gre51 =bids ei!r ! yell[ or ! blue conta9+ any appreciable admixture ( r$4 ,all ( ^! dyes f9d great use 9 ! indu/ries1 & all ( !m1 )9 _! limitations1 are valuable = color mix+4 ,hav+ acquir$ a work+ k ( r$1 yell[ & blue dyes1 x w be f\nd ( practical b5efit to include "s ( ! o!rs4 ,an exp]i5c$ craftsman works ) a small range ( colors *os5 = 8 p>ticul> purpose4 ,dyes diff] 9 color+ p[]1 ev5 diff]5t specim5s ( ! same dye1 s t x is n possible to give quantitative =mulas = c]ta9 colors be>+ popul> names4 ,x w be helpful to discuss a few ( !m4 ,olive gre5 may be made by add+ to blue-gre5 ei!r r$ or pref]ably yell[ br[n4 ,?is addition %\ld be made a little at a "t ) frequ5t te/s1 a sugge/ion applicable to all color mix+4 ,tan is obta9$ by mix+ yell[ & yell[ br[n4 ,an add$ t+e ( blue or gre5 gives pongee4 ,gold conta9s mu* yell[ ) c]ta9 small] am\nts ( r$ & blue4 ,b x might be difficult to control ! addition ( ^! colors1 s x is bett] to />t ) mu* yell[ & add a little at a "t orange & blue gre54 ,= burnt orange add yell[ br[n to orange4 ,= turquoise add to blue a little yell[1 or pref]ably blue gre54 ,= old rose add to dilute r$ a t+e ( blue or pref]ably purple4 ,taupe is a gray ?r[n (f1 usually ) purple1 b sometimes ) r$ or yell[ or blue4 ,salmon is =m$ by add+ to yell[ "s orange & a t+e ( br[n4 ,any dye+ ov] old color mu/ be consid]$ z a mix+ ( ! new color ) ! old1 :i* mann] ( ?9k+ w help 9 *oos+ ! dye necess>y = a desir$ effect4 ,= example1 a gre5 clo? is to be dy$ black4 ,!re %\ld be two dye+s1 ! fir/ a r$ to neutralize ! gre51 ! second a black to int5sify ! neutrality4 ,likewise a r$ clo? becomes black by dye+ fir/ gre5 & !n black4 ,ov] a light yell[ purple may be dy$1 ! result w be a gray$ purple4 ,ov] a /rong yell[ mu* purple w be requir$ & ! result w be a v mu* gray$ purple approa*+ if n becom+ a purple black4 ,9 batik decoration by successive dye+s ! craftsman is con/antly mix+ ! new dye ) t already 9 ! fib]4 ,hav+ once introduc$ an int5sity ( any prim>y color1 yell[1 r$ or blue1 he mu/ !reaft]1 unless he removes ?is color1 complete 8 patt]n by produc+ second>y & t]ti>y colors4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik ,,design p4 #ec ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,wax ,,resi/ ,,processes ,! mo/ commonly us$ fabrics = batiks are ?9 silks1 :ite or light 9 color4 ,wax p5etrates ! %e] mat]ials bett]4 ,!y take ! color m ev5ly1 & reta9 _! brilliant texture4 ,heavy mat]ials mu/ be wax$ on bo? sides to insure p]fect /opp+ out ( color4 ,illu/ration3 ,,pa9t+ ,a ,,design p4 #ed ,! design is m easily appli$ to ?9 goods1 z ! decoration is readily trac$4 ,on heavy fabrics ! design is ei!r drawn free h& or p\nc$4 ,:5 ! outl9e is drawn 9 wax ! draw+ does n disappe> 9 ! dye+4 ,:5 only p>ts ( ! design are pa9t$ 9 ) wax ! outl9e mu/ be r$rawn aft] ea* dye+4 ,= ?is purpose p\nc+ is be/4 ,velvets %\ld be /opp$ out on ! wrong side4 ,/eam+ w raise ! pile aga91 or x may be s5t to ! dry clean]4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,batik ,,frame p4 #ee ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,outl9e ,,draw+ ,,9 ,,wax p4 #ee ,wood is a good m$ium to take wax resi/4 ,! wax is remov$ by scrap+4 ,! surface is clean$ ) gasol9e & f9i%$ 9 any approv$ mann]4 ,toys1 frames1 trays1 basket bottoms1 boxes1 etc41 are v pleas+ :5 decorat$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,color ,,pa9t$ ,,)9 ,,wax ,,outl9es p4 #ef ,lea!r & pap] are damp5$ & pa/$ smoo?ly on glass4 ,!y are !n decorat$ l wood4 ,*iffons & crepes may be wax$ d\ble1 or ev5 fold$ f\r times4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,complet$ ,,patt]n p4 #eg ,9 apply+ a design1 c>e %\ld be tak5 to keep ! fabric /raight4 ,draw+ a ?read f ! fabric makes a good guide4 ,:5 work+ ^u wov5 mat]ials x is be/ to use a frame plac$ horizontally ^u a table4 ,a frame suitable = ?is "w %\ld be light to h&le & /rong4 ,x %\ld be high en\gh above ! table to keep ! wax or dye f t\*+ x4 ,:5 ! wax t\*es an ob/acle be=e x is cold x /icks4 ,! wax is apt to break :5 pull$ away f ! object4 ,color p5etrates by accid5t & ! result is disappo9t+4 ,"s arti/s "w on a table ^u :i* smoo? or glaz$ pap] is spread4 ,"h aga9 ! wax may also suff]4 ,:5 dyes are pa9t$ on ! fabric1 if !y t\* ! table or o!r objects !y spread & m> ! def9ite outl9e ( ! design4 ,a frame1 ar\nd ! inside edge ( :i* are clo? /rips = p9n+ or sew+ ! fabric securely1 is an excell5t aid to good workman%ip4 ,adju/able holes ) corn]s secur$ by screws & w+ nuts make x possible to roll long pieces ( clo? at ! top & bottom ( ! frame4 ,or by means ( ^! holes ! /rips may be splic$ toge!r to =m a /ill l>g] frame4 ,pap] %\ld be roll$ ) ! clo? to prev5t ! wax /ick+4 ,h&l$ 9 ?is mann] only a small "p ( ! "w ne$s to be expos$1 & ! "w c be done on a small table or s*ool desk4 ,ano!r advantage ( su* a frame is ! ease ) :i* ! piece is laid aside )\t injury dur+ ! int]vals ( "w4 ,?is is especially valuable :]e class problems are be+ conduct$4 ,x also p]mits ( ! "w be+ done 9 any position--horizontal1 incl9$ or upright4 ,:5 dye+ ! mat]ial m ?an once ! wax mu/ be c>efully m5d$ aft] ea* dye+1 or soon ! fir/ spaces cov]$ ) ! resi/ are lo/ or badly obscur$4 ,! mat]ial %\ld always be dry be=e apply+ ! wax4 ,illu/ration3 ,,colors ,,pa9t$ ,,)\t ,,wax ,,outl9es p4 #ei ,"s work]s use pure beeswax4 ,x does n break easily :5 work$ 9 a w>m dye-ba?4 ,x melts at a high temp]ature4 ,res9 mix$ ) beeswax melts at a /ill high] temp]ature4 ,!re are special batik waxes t h all ! desir$ qualities ( t\ghness & resi/ance4 ,^! mix$ waxes are simil> to ^? us$ by indu/rial works 9 ,java4 ,p>aff9 & beeswax are also us$4 ,! be/ conta9] = molt5 wax is a d\ble boil]1 ! common kit*5 ut5sil1 z x is possible to keep ! wax hot ?r\gh a class p]iod )\t hav+ ! heat] 9 ! class room4 ,z means ( heat+1 an electric toa/]1 gas plate1 cann$ heat1 etc41 are sugge/$4 ,! wax mu/ be appli$ hot4 ,! bru%1 :ile wax+1 %\ld be kept hot to insure good p5etration ( ! wax4 ,to accompli% ?is1 ea* "t ! bru% is dipp$ into ! molt5 wax x %\ld be held !re suffici5tly long to remelt any wax t may h congeal$ 9 or on ! bru%4 ,to apply ! wax1 "s use a tjant+4 ,o!rs pref] ! simpl] me?od ( a good sable or camel's hair bru%4 ,! bru% gives a broad] & m v>i$ treatm5t4 ,a broad bru% is be/ = cov]+ l>ge surfaces4 ,bru%es us$ = pa9t+ 9 oils or wat] colors are us$ = pa9t+ 9 wax & dyes4 ,^? :o are int]e/$ fur!r 9 ! possibilities ( ! tjant+ are ref]r$ to ,piet] ,mij]'s excell5t treatm5t ( ?is subject4 ,dyes suitable = patt]n dye+ %\ld n run or ble$4 ,"s use only prim>y colors4 ,o!rs desire a m ext5d$ range4 ,a good selection may include r$1 yell[1 blue1 orange1 gre51 purple1 br[n & black4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"p ,,( ,a ,,design ,,/opp$ ,,out ,,) ,,wax1 ,,ready ,,= ,,! ,,fir/ ,,dye+ p4 #fa ,! temp]ature ( ! dyes %\ld be bel[ ! melt+ po9t ( ! wax4 ,c>e mu/ also be us$ 9 dissolv+ dye4 ,granules 9 ! dye-ba? "w havoc ) an o!rwise beautiful piece ( dye+4 ,! dye %\ld be filt]$ ?r\gh a closely wov5 clo?4 ,prep>$ dyes insure safety1 z ! comp\nd+ & dissolv+ is done by =mula4 ,aft] ! la/ dye+ ! fabric %\ld be r9s$ fir/ 9 w>m1 !n 9 cold wat]4 ,mu* ( ! wax is remov$ 9 ! r9s+4 ,! rema9d] ( ! wax is easily remov$ by iron+ betwe5 lay]s ( newspap]1 foll[$ if necess>y by a ba? ( gasol9e4 ,if ! piece is v l>ge x %\ld be f9i%$ by a pr(essional clean]4 ,!re are diff]5t approv$ me?ods ( patt]n dye+ ) wax resi/1 9 ! *oice ( :i* ! craftsman mu/ consid] ! conditions "u :i* ! "w is to be done4 ,we give 9 outl9e ! /eps ( ?ree me?ods3 ,i4 ,pa9t+ ! decoration )9 wax$ outl9es1 foll[$ by "o or m ba?s = ! gr\nd color4 ,?is is illu/rat$ on pages #ee1 #ef & #eg1 :]e ! foll[+ /eps 7 tak53 #a4 ,a squ>e ( :ite *9a silk1 clean & free ( siz+1 0 /ret*$ on a frame4 #b4 ,! ma9 l9es 7 sket*$ 9 ) *>coal4 ,! design 0 outl9$ 9 wax4 ,! %apes 7 made small1 z dye is liable to /reak :5 pa9t$ ov] l>ge areas4 #c4 ,! colors 7 mix$ & us$ l wat] colors4 #d4 ,! small bell-%ap$ fl[]s 7 pa9t$ r$1 ! pods yell[1 ! leaves gre54 ,^! pa9t$ surfaces 7 !n /opp$ out ) wax4 #e4 ,two gallons ( w>m wat] 7 s(t5$ & made into a soap suds4 ,?is solution 0 divid$ into two equal p>ts4 ,! fir/ "p 0 us$ = wett+ ! fabric1 & soap+ (f aft] dye+4 ,! second "p 0 made into a br[n dye-ba? = ! dipp+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,complet$ ,,patt]n p4 #fc ,,ii4 ,pa9t+ directly on ! fabric )\t wax$ outl9es1 & build+ up ! gr\nd color 9 "o or m ba?s4 ,! piece illu/rat$ on page #ei 0 done z foll[s3 #a4 ,! design 0 drawn free h& ^u ! fabric1 /ret*$ 9 a frame4 #b4 ,! colors 7 pa9t$ directly4 ,! tree 0 gre51 ! bell-l fl[]s orange1 ! dogs gold5 yell[4 ,! bru% /rokes 7 v small4 #c4 ,! color$ %apes 7 c>efully cov]$ ) wax4 #d4 ,! backgr\nd 0 dy$ a deep purple4 ,,iii4 ,build+ up ! patt]n by dye+ 9 successive ba?s1 beg9n+ ) ! light] & pass+ to d>k] values1 & be=e ea* dipp+ /opp+ out ) wax ! p>ts to be reta9$ 9 ! complet$ "w4 ,! piece illu/rat$ on pages #fa & #fc 0 execut$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,! design 0 drawn on /rong pap]4 ,?is 0 !n p]=at$1 & ! design p\nc$ on ! silk ) p[d]$ *>coal1 us+ a /iff bri/le bru% & scrubb+ ! *>coal well ?r\gh ! holes4 #b4 ,! p>ts to rema9 :ite 7 /opp$ out by pa9t+ ) wax4 #c4 ,! piece 0 dy$ yell[1 aft] :i* ! design 0 aga9 p\nc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,select$ ,,"w ,,( ,,elem5t>y ,,high ,,s*ool ,,class p4 #fe #d4 ,! p>ts to rema9 yell[ 7 /opp$ out ) wax4 #e4 ,! piece 0 dy$ black4 ,9 all ^! processes a small piece ( ! goods 0 c>ri$ completely ?r\gh ! dye-ba? to te/ ! color4 ,"s modifications ( ^! processes are valuable4 ,^! foll[1 or are sugge/$ by1 practices ( ! ,ori5t4 #a4 ,! design may be appli$ ) bl[n /5cil+4 #b4 ,block pr9t+ & /ick pr9t+ may be us$ & ! color impressions cov]$ ) wax4 ,z concrete illu/rations ( textile decoration 9 s*ools we pres5t "s ( ! results ( two class problems 9 high s*ool1 ! "o by a fir/ & second ye> class1 ! o!r by ?ird & f\r? ye> pupils ) a few :o 7 po/+4 ,fir/ & ,second ,ye> ,class4 ,! pupils us$ ! me?od ( pap] cutt+ to secure motives = _! designs4 ,ea* pupil 0 suppli$ ) en\gh :ite silk to make a coll>1 or a tie1 also ) color1 wax & a frame ^u :i* to /ret* ! silk4 ,! me?od 0 t ( outl9+ 9 wax1 pa9t+ 9 color1 & dipp+ = ! gr\nd color4 ,! pupils 7 all[$ to keep _! "w aft] pay+ = ! mat]ials4 ,! illu/rations on page #fe 7 *os5 f ! f9i%$ pieces4 ,! crepe-de-*5e coll> is #ab x #ab in*es4 ,! outside bord] & ! l>ge/ %ape at ! po9t ( ! coll> 7 old rose1 ! fan-l %ape turquoise blue1 ! b& & spott+s at ! side yell[4 ,! inside bord]1 buds & /em 7 blue & ! alt]nat+ %apes yell[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,all-,,ov] ,,patt]n1 ,,advanc$ ,,high ,,s*ool p4 #fg ,^! colors 7 cov]$ ) wax & ! coll> dy$ gray4 ,x 0 !n dipp$ 9 hot wax1 c>efully crackl$ & dipp$ 9 a d>k gray ba?4 ,! wax 0 remov$ by iron+ betwe5 lay]s ( newspap]4 ,f9e embroid]y silk 0 dy$ yell[ & old rose = ! /it*]y t f9i%$ ! edge ( ! coll>4 ,! sailor coll> 0 made ( :ite *9a silk4 ,! leaves ( ! design 7 pa9t$ gre51 ! fl[]s rose color & ! gr\nd dy$ a d>k gray blue4 ,! dye-ba? 0 made ( blue1 black & purple4 ,! coll> 0 f9i%$ ) yell[ & old rose /it*]y4 ,! pongee silk ve/ 0 design$ = a tailor$ coat4 ,! leaves & fl[]s 7 pa9t$ reali/ically4 ,! gr\nd 0 dy$ blue & crackl$ 9 a d>k] blue ba?4 ,! edge 0 f9i%$ ) d>k r$ /it*]y4 ,?ird & ,f\r? ,ye> ,class4 ,?is "w 0 conduct$ at a lat] "t4 ,9 addition to m tra9+1 ^! pupils _h = /udy _m specim5s ( good batiks & /&>d illu/rations ( ! same4 ,! designs 7 made ) ref]5ce to _! fitness z batik designs4 ,! design units illu/rat$ on page #gc 7 select$ ) ref]5ce to _! adaptability to "s =m ( all-ov] application4 ,! design = ! book cov]1 also %[n z an all-ov] patt]n1 page #gj1 ! all-ov] patt]n1 page #fg1 & ! sc>f1 page #fi1 7 select$ z ! be/ "w ( ?is class4 ,illu/ration3 ,,all-,,ov] ,,patt]n1 ,,advanc$ ,,high ,,s*ool p4 #fi ,illu/ration3 ,,all-,,ov] ,,patt]n1 ,,advanc$ ,,high ,,s*ool p4 #gj ,illu/ration3 ,,all-,,ov] ,,patt]ns1 ,,advanc$ ,,high ,,s*ool p4 #ga ,a trac+ ( ! all-ov] design1 page #fg1 0 fir/ made & pa9t$ 9 wat] colors4 ,! design 0 transf]r$ to ! silk by trac+4 ,! colors ( ! decoration1 foll[+ ! copy 9 wat] color1 7 pa9t$ 9 )\t ! use ( wax outl9es4 ,! top units f left to "r 7 blue1 violet1 yell[2 second r[1 violet1 blue1 gre51 violet2 ?ird r[1 yell[1 violet1 blue2 f\r? r[1 violet1 blue1 gre51 violet4 ,! /ems 7 violet1 ! leaves yell[ gre54 ,! backgr\nd 0 dy$ a ri* br[n4 ,! all-ov] design1 page #fi1 0 us$ = ! end ( a sc>f4 ,! silk 0 dy$ yell[1 p>ts ( ! decoration /opp$ out ) wax1 ! fl[]s & body ( ! insect pa9t$ 9 r$1 ! r$ /opp$ out ) wax1 & ! backgr\nd dy$ br[n4 ,! sc>f 0 f9i%$ ) a fr+e ( orange silk4 ,! all-ov] design1 page #gj1 0 p\nc$ on ! silk aft] ea* dipp+4 ,! mat]ial 0 dy$ yell[ & ! small spott+s /opp$ out4 ,! piece 0 dipp$ 9 a gray purple dye-ba?4 ,! resultant color 0 a gray$ lav5d]4 ,! l>g] %apes 9 ! design 7 /opp$ out & ! gr\nd color dy$ a deep] purple4 ,two o!r examples ( batiks f ?is class are illu/rat$3 #a4 ,! *9a silk bl\se1 page #ga1 ) a yell[ backgr\nd & all-ov] patt]n ( :ite1 blue & gre5 %[s a design t is suitable = y>dage4 #b4 ,an all-ov] design1 page #ga1 also suitable = y>dage4 ,! lav5d] fl[]s & leaves 7 pa9t$ inside wax$ outl9es4 ,! spots 7 connect$ by fl[+ wax$ outl9es4 ,! decoration 0 cov]$ ) wax & ! gr\nd color dy$ a pale yell[ gray4 ,illu/ration3 ,,design ,,units ,,= ,,all-,,ov] ,,patt]ns p4 #gc ,! *9a silk h&k]*ief1 page #gd1 is v int]e/+4 ,! size is #ag x #ag in*es ) a "o-in* hem4 ,! area inside ! hem 0 cov]$ ) wax1 plac$ 9 a ba? ( cold wat]1 & c>efully crackl$4 ,x 0 !n imm]s$ 9 a blue dye-ba?4 ,aft] dry+ ! same area 0 rewax$1 aga9 crackl$1 & imm]s$ 9 a r$ dye-ba?4 ,! result is v pleas+1 a purple bord] ) blue1 r$ & purple crackle =m+ a delicate net "w ov] ! :ite c5t]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik$ ,,h&k]*ief p4 #gd ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,batiks ,,& ,,o!r ,,illum9at$ ,,textiles ,appli$ design has be5 ! /abiliz+ factor 9 art education4 ,x gives to art education a tangible reason = its place 9 ! s*ools4 ,x injects into e individual & class project ! elem5t ( discipl9e t comes ?r\gh be+ requir$ to ?9k 9 t]ms ( def9ite m$iums ( expression4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik ,,design p4 #ge ,! greate/ emphasis1 & = ?is reason p]haps ! greate/ success1 has be5 its application 9 ! field ( co/ume design+ & int]ior decoration4 ,batiks lay a j claim to hav+ enri*$ ?is phase ( art expression4 ,a new creative & illum9at+ t\* has be5 giv5 to drap]ies1 cov]s1 cu%ions1 sc>fs1 wall hang+s1 & co/umes4 ,! foll[+ pages illu/rate & expla9 a numb] ( ^! illum9at$ objects4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portion ,,( ,a ,,javanese ,,s>ong p4 #gf ,,s>ongs ,! s>ong decorat$ ) peacocks & v9es is *>act]i/ic4 ,! colors are r$1 blue & light yell[4 ,,end ,,pap]s ,! decoration ( ! end pap]s 9 ?is book is tak5 f ! design ( a v f9e old s>ong4 ,! mat]ial is cotton4 ,x has ! quality & texture ( ! r>e/ batiks4 ,! dye+ is vegetable indigo4 ,"s ( ! units 7 p]haps appli$ ) a tjap1 b mu* ( ! wax+ 0 done ) s+le & d\ble sp\t$ tjant+s4 ,! gr\nd color is a s(t gray yell[4 ,,s>ong ,,details ,! batik details %[n on page #ie are all tak5 f old s>ongs4 ,! tjant+ 0 us$ = all ^! patt]ns4 ,!y are excell5t pieces ( native craftsman%ip4 ,! patt]n on ! left has a yell[ gray backgr\nd4 ,! all-ov] dye+ is br[n & ! spott+s d>k r$4 ,on ! "r ! upp] patt]n has yell[ gray 9 ! backgr\nd & br[n decoration1 ! l[] patt]n has br[n backgr\nd & yell[ gray decoration4 ,,co/ume ,,jewelry ,! b& = ?is ornam5t1 page #gh1 is made ( sev]al lay]s ( georgette crepe picot$4 ,x is in* wide & #a y>d long4 ,! ornam5t1 #a x #b in*es1 0 model$ f petropla/1 ! model+ clay :i* sets )\t fir+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik$ ,,ribbon1 ,,camisole1 ,,& ,,co/ume ,,jewelry p4 #gh ,! silk 0 fold$ to f\r ?icknesses4 ,! wax 0 pa9t$ 9 a v>iety ( int]e/+ %apes on ! :ite goods4 ,b&s 9 r$1 yell[1 gre5 & orange 7 pa9t$ ) dyes4 ,! petropla/ 0 model$ smoo? & ! bird1 fl[]s & p$e/al 7 incis$ :ile ! composition 0 /ill pla/ic4 ,:5 dry x 0 dipp$ 9 black enamel4 ,! outl9e ( ! bird 0 enamel$ 9 yell[ & orange1 ! fl[]s pa9t$ 9 purple & blue1 ! p$e/al 9 br[n4 ,?is adornm5t 0 plann$ to be worn z a necklace to bright5 a d>k co/ume4 ,,co/ume ,,decoration ,! co/ume decoration1 page #ec1 0 batik$ on yell[ taffeta silk4 ,! design 0 pa9t$ 9 ) wax4 ,! piece outside ! decoration 0 cov]$ ) wax4 ,! mat]ial 0 dipp$ 9 a d>k br[n ba? & f9i%$ by iron+ betwe5 lay]s ( newspap]s4 ,x is suitable = a ve/ or = mill9]y4 ,,bl\ses #a4 ,! bl\se1 page #hd1 ) a rose design 0 made ( :ite crepe-de-*5e4 ,! outl9e ( ! decoration 0 wax$1 & ! roses & leaves pa9t$ conv5tionally4 ,! bord]s & spaces 7 pa9t$ 9 wax4 ,! bord] ( ! r$ 0 pa9t$ betwe5 wax$ outl9es4 ,! fabric 0 dy$ blue1 & f9i%$ ) petropla/ beads enamel$ 9 r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik$ ,,bl\se p4 #hj #b4 ,! detail ( a georgette crepe bl\se1 page #hg1 ) a d>k backgr\nd & all-ov] decoration 9 gold1 is a suitable design = y>dage4 ,! piece 0 fir/ dy$ gold1 & ! patt]n /opp$ out ) wax4 ,! dye-ba? = ! gr\nd color 0 purple black4 #c4 ,! pongee silk bl\se1 page #hj1 is a good /&>d = s]vice & arti/ic m]it4 ,! leaves1 /ems & l[] bord] decoration 7 pa9t$ 9 wax on ! natural color ( ! clo?4 ,! piece 0 dy$ blue1 !n ! fl[]s & upp] bord] 7 /opp$ out4 ,a br[n ba? foll[$1 giv+ z ! f9al color a d>k bronze4 ,! bl\se 0 belt$ ) a bronze silk cord4 #d4 ,! crepe-de-*5e bl\se1 page #hb1 has a ri* gre5 backgr\nd ) an aft] crackle 9 an orange ba?4 ,! edges1 sleeves & neck are decorat$ ) a n>r[ orange & gray b&4 ,petropla/ beads decorat$ to h>monize ) ! color ( ! silk1 a br[n cord girdle weight$ ) ^! ornam5ts1 picot$ edges1 & /it*]y ( silk floss ! same color z ! cord f9i% a g>m5t ( great beauty & dignity4 ,,silk ,,l9+ ,! crepe-de-*5e l9+ illu/rat$ on page #he has a gray$ yell[-gre5 backgr\nd4 ,! fl[] motif has yell[1 black & orange 9 ! c5t]1 r$ & purple 9 ! out] p>ts4 ,! bud is r$ & purple4 ,! /em & leaves are blue4 ,^! colors 7 pa9t$ )9 wax outl9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik$ ,,bl\se ,,) ,,petropla/ ,,ornam5ts p4 #hb ,!re 7 eight y>ds ( ?is l9+4 ,:5 roll+ ! wax$ goods on ! frame1 a pap] 0 roll$ up ) ! mat]ial to prev5t ! wax f /ick+4 ,! l9+ 0 us$ = a full l5g? blue s]ge cape4 ,aft] two dry clean+s1 ?is g>m5t 0 /ill fre% & beautiful4 ,,camisole #a4 ,! camisole1 page #gh1 0 made f a #ad x #cf-;in* piece ( :ite crepe-de-*5e4 ,half-in* purple ribbon1 sev5-eigh?s y>d long1 made ! %\ld] /raps2 a n>r[ purple ribbon ga!r$ ! top4 #b4 ,! design 9 yell[1 br[n & gre5 0 pa9t$ )9 wax outl9es4 ,! dye+ 0 9 purple1 ! crackle p5etrat+ ! design4 #c4 ,! top 0 f9i%$ ) d\ble hem/it*+4 ,,batik$ ,,ribbon ,! ribbon illu/rat$1 page #gh1 0 turquoise blue sat91 #g x #cf in*es4 ,! design 0 outl9$ & p>ts /opp$ out4 ,! mat]ial 0 dy$ 9 a blue dye-ba?4 ,! blue 0 /opp$ out 9 ! fl[] %apes4 ,! mat]ial 0 dy$ 9 a yell[ dye-ba?4 ,! leaves 7 /opp$ out4 ,! mat]ial 0 dy$ 9 a r$ dye-ba?4 ,! decoration ( ! f9i%$ ribbon 0 turquoise blue1 gray-blue & yell[-gre54 ,! backgr\nd 0 d>k olive gre54 ,illu/ration3 ,,an ,,illum9at$ ,,bl\se ,,) ,,petropla/ ,,beads p4 #hd ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,cape ,,l9+ p4 #he ,,int]ior ,,decoration ,,door ,,curta9 ,! door curta9 illu/ration1 page #ge1 is a symbolic composition ) a my/ic wall & gate1 & imag9>y birds & a tree4 ,! color s*eme is a black backgr\nd1 blue & purple tree1 yell[ & blue birds1 a purple & orange f5ce & gate1 & a =egr\nd ( blue1 yell[ & gre54 ,! design 0 pa9t$ directly ^u a good quality ( silk1 )\t guid+ l9es or wax$ outl9es4 ,! pa9t+ 0 done v rapidly1 p]haps 9 t5 m9utes4 ,! mat]ial 0 dipp$ sev]al times1 once 9 yell[1 twice 9 r$ 7m r$ 0 add$ to ! dye-ba? aft] ! fir/ r$ 0 exhau/$71 twice 9 ! blue :i* 0 develop$ ! same z ! r$1 & at la/ back into ! yell[4 ,:5 ! dye+ 0 complet$ ! piece 0 ?or\ghly r9s$ & ! wax 0 remov$4 ,! crackle caus$ ?r\gh successive dye+s1 ! s(t edges ( ! outl9es & ! bl5d+ ( ! backgr\nd ) ! %apes fre$ ! piece f ! criticism (t5 invit$ :]e colors are pa9t$ 9 l>ge areas4 ,,table ,,cov] ,?is design1 page #hi1 7#ba x #be in*es7 consi/s ( two conv5tional dogs adapt$ f ! ,*9ese4 ,! well-*os5 colors are yell[ & orange1 ) acc5ts ( black4 ,! bord] decoration 0 pa9t$ 9 light gre54 ,l>ge & small spots sugge/ ! use ( ! tjant+4 ,! d>ke/ values are res$a gre54 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik ,,detail ,,f ,,bl\se p4 #hg ,! fabric 0 fir/ dy$ yell[4 ,! dogs & spac+ ( bord]s 7 drawn 9 f9e wax outl9es4 ,! dogs 7 pa9t$ orange1 ) small %apes ( black = acc5ts1 & cov]$ ) wax4 ,! mat]ial 0 !n dipp$ 9 gre5 dye1 r9s$ & dri$4 ,! decoration = ! bord] 0 drawn 9 wax1 & ! backgr\nd = ! dogs 0 also wax$4 ,9 develop+ a patt]n :]e s mu* draw+ is ne$$1 pa9s %\ld be tak5 to reta9 ! orig9al outl9es ( ! draw+4 ,if ! design is too mu* obscur$ aft] successive dipp+s1 ! draw+ %\ld aga9 be transf]r$4 ,! outl9e = ! dogs & spac+s = bord]s 7 sav$ by wax+4 ,! gre5 decoration on ! bord] 0 n pa9t$ until aft] two dipp+s4 ,! crackle1 ty+ ! :ole decoration1 is ev5 & adds beauty to ! design4 ,! beauty ( ?is batik lies 9 its fitness1 its v>iety ( l9e1 its pleas+ space relations & its good color s*eme4 ,,elephant ,,decoration ,! elephant decoration illu/rat$ on page #ia 7#bg x #be in*es7 0 done on :ite taffeta4 ,! frame 0 made ( two-in* basswood ) a n>r[ gilt-edge m\ld+ = a f9i%4 ,! decoration on ! frame 0 batik$4 ,! elephant1 ) its decoration & bord]1 0 outl9$ 9 wax4 ,illu/ration3 ,,batik$ ,,table ,,cov] p4 #hi ,! v]tical /ripes numb]$ f left to "r 73 yell[ 7#a-c-e-g-i72 orange 7#b-f-aj72 mag5ta 7#d-h74 ,^! 7 pa9t$ 9 & cov]$ ) wax4 ,! fabric 0 dipp$ 9 a dye-ba? ( gray$ purple4 ,! design on ! frame 0 pa9t$ 9 wax & ! colors 9 ! design reproduc$ f ! colors 9 ! silk4 ,mo/ ( ! wax 0 remov$ ) a knife & ! balance ) a gasol9e wa%4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds f9i%$ ) a coat+ ( wax4 ,?is wall hang+ has a few spots :]e ! treatm5t 0 n ?or\gh4 ,! r$ /ripe "u ! elephant's head %[s un9t5tional break+ 9 ! wax4 ,too mu* blue crept into _m places4 ,x _c be emphasiz$ too _m times--be=e pa9t+ ov] ! colors ) wax1 ! colors mu/ be dry4 ,?is "w illu/rates ! success ( pa9t+ 9 r l>ge surfaces ( color )\t /reaks appe>+ & h>moniz+ ! :ole by ty+ toge!r ) crackle4 ,! design ( ! elephant & ! outside bord] are unusually m]itori\s4 ,a ,,table ,,be=e ,,me ,?is decoration 0 drawn on glaz$ pap] & p\nc$ on :ite *9a silk1 #dj x #gb in*es4 ,!re 0 no pa9t+ ( colors1 ! process be+ "o ( dipp+s only4 ,! design 0 outl9$ 9 wax4 ,! small spott+s1 bord] l9es & m>k+s 9 ! v9e 7 /opp$ out1 & ! piece 0 dipp$ 9 a yell[ dye-ba?4 ,?r\gh ea* dipp+ a dye record 0 kept by c>ry+ a small piece ( ! goods ?r\gh ! dye-ba?4 ,aft] ea* dye+ ! wax 0 c>efully m5d$4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,wall ,,hang+ ,,) ,,batik$ ,,frame p4 #ia ,! bell-l fl[]s 9 b&s or bord]s1 ! fl[]s at ! foot ( ! v9e1 ! body1 w+1 tail & l[] "p ( ! bird's legs1 t5drils1 dragon fly & bord] 7 /opp$ out1 & ! piece dy$ orange4 ,! rema9+ b&s & %apes 9 ! fl[]s1 inside & outside bord]1 & t5drils 7 /opp$ out & ! next dipp+ 0 blue4 ,! backgr\nd & rema9+ %apes 7 a lovely w>m gray lav5d]4 ,"p ( ! leaves1 head ( ! bird1 upp] "p ( ! bird's legs1 %apes 9 ! =egr\nd1 & roots ( ! v9e 7 /opp$ out4 ,! next dye+ 0 blue4 ,! v9e1 rema9+ leaves1 t5drils1 ! rema9d] ( ! =egr\nd & spaces t 7 ne$$ to fill 9 7 drawn 9 wax4 ,! wax 0 remov$ f ! w+ & ! tail ( ! bird & ! batik dipp$ 9 a dye-ba? ( deep blue4 ,! color range 9 ?is piece includes r$-orange1 yell[1 blue1 turquoise1 two %ades ( lav5d]1 gre5 & sp>kles ( :ite brok5 by e color1 on a gray-blue backgr\nd4 ,! "w on ?is batik ext5d$ ov] a p]iod ( two weeks4 ,,! ,,capture ,! frontispiece is wor?y ( special /udy4 ,! mat]ial 0 :ite pussy will[ silk1 #dj x #gb in*es4 ,a sket* ( ! design1 #f x #aj in*es1 0 made 9 wat] colors4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,table ,,be=e ,,me1 ,,by ,,ida ,,/rawn ,,bak] p4 #ic ,! fabric 0 fre$ f siz+ & dy$ a pale yell[4 ,x 0 !n /ret*$ 9 a frame & ! ?ree ?und] birds1 ! cl\ds1 & a few fl[]s 9 ! =egr\nd 7 pa9t$ 9 wax4 ,! bills1 eyes & legs ( ! birds 7 pa9t$ 9 ) orange dye4 ,! roadway1 p>ts ( ! rocks1 drap]y on ! ,indian maid51 "s ( h] decoration1 & p>ts ( ! foliage1 7 pa9t$ directly on ! silk ) yell[ or orange dye4 ,! rema9+ foliage1 m decoration worn by ! maid51 ! grass1 leaves on ! fl[]s & ! /ems 7 pa9t$ gre54 ,^! %apes 7 /opp$ out ) wax4 ,mu* pa9t+ 9 ( %apes 0 done ) wax4 ,?is gave a f9i% & jewel-l quality to ! "w z x progress$4 ,be=e ! mat]ial 0 dy$ x 0 soak$ 9 w>m wat] ! same temp]ature z ! dye-ba?4 ,! piece 0 !n dy$ 9 a ba? ( blue4 ,x 0 work$ con/antly = ab\t t5 m9utes4 ,x 0 remov$ f ! dye & r9s$ 9 cle> w>m wat]4 ,aft] r9s+1 ! mat]ial 0 plac$ flat betwe5 lay]s ( ba? t[els & mu* ( ! moi/ure remov$4 ,! dry+ 0 f9i%$ by hang+ ov] a wax$ l9e4 ,! sky & ! blue ( ! bord] 7 next /opp$ out1 leav+ = ! next ba? ! pony1 ! rema9d] ( ! ,indian maid51 ! tree trunks & o!r %apes 9 ! =egr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,details ,,f ,,old ,,s>ongs p4 #ie ,! frame 0 plac$ 9 an upright position aft] ! cu/om ( ,javanese work]s4 ,:ile wax+1 ! light %one ?r\gh & e uncov]$ spot 0 easily se54 ,a m$ium siz$ s(t bru% 0 us$ = /opp+ out ! l>ge spaces4 ,great c>e 0 tak5 to dra9 ! excess wax f ! bru%4 ,?is is m necess>y :5 ! "w is erect1 z x prev5ts ! wax f runn+ d[n ! goods4 ,! ?ird dye-ba? 0 prep>$ ) r$ & a little yell[4 ,a piece ( ! fabric dy$ ) ! la/ dipp+ 0 dy$ 9 ?is ba? to te/ ! color4 ,! mat]ial :5 dy$ 9 ?is ba? 0 a ri*1 r$-purple4 ,aft] p>tly dry+ ) ba? t[els ! piece 0 /ret*$ on ! frame to f9i% dry+4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dry ! entire surface 0 wax$ except ! mane & tail ( ! horse1 ! hair ( ! maid51 a few ( ! jewels1 "s details 9 ! =egr\nd1 & ! gr\nd ( ! bord]4 ,all ! brok5 places 9 ! wax 7 c>efully m5d$ = ! f9al dipp+4 ,! colors = ! ba? 7 d>k gre5 & black4 ,! piece 0 f9i%$ by r9s+ 9 w>m wat]1 !n 9 cold1 & f9ally by a gasol9e ba?4 ,! "w ext5d$ ov] a p]iod ( two weeks4 ,x is a f9i%$ piece1 r>e & beautiful 9 its illum9ation4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,dye+ ,,= ,,plays ,,& ,,pageants ,! play bases its claim 9 ! s*ool curriculum on ! v ess5ce ( human nature4 ,! art ( be+ someone or some?+ else 9 ?\ght & action "u a sett+ ( conditions & ?r\gh a fl[ ( ev5ts is practic$ by all ( u4 ,x is ! et]nal expression ( playful & imitative *ildhood1 &1 ?\gh re/ra9ts ent] ) maturity1 x nev] leaves u4 ,witness ! audi5ce we give to ! /age4 ,illu/ration3 ,,co/ume ,,f ,a ,,play p4 #ig ,?is has be5 recogniz$ 9 ! /udy ( ! play 9 lit]ature & 9 ! production ( ! s*ool play4 ,! application ( ! art tra9+ ( ! s*ool 9 giv+ ! play its sett+ & co/umes is ( ! greate/ value4 ,! life ( a s*ool f9ds expression1 ?r\gh co-op]ation ( all dep>tm5ts1 9 its own community !at]4 ,dye+ is an important consid]ation 9 a dramatic production4 ,colorful co/umes & prop]ties h a l>ge "p 9 mak+ a play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m9iature ,,/ages1 ,,pla9 ,,& ,,decorat$ ,,by ,,*ildr5 p4 #ih ,illu/ration3 ,,/age ,,sc5es ,,9 ,,m9iature p4 #ii ,! possibilities ( cont9u\s play )\t sc5e %ift+1 by draw+ unobtrusive curta9s alt]nately to ! "r & to ! left--creat+ atmosph]e by ! m]e/ sugge/ion--is simple :5 dyes & dye+ ent] into ! plans ( ! sett+4 ,! old heavy pa9t$ sc5]y is n a "p ( ! new drama4 ,! gr\nd clo? & color$ lights also (f] opportunities = ! s]vice ( ! dy]4 ,co/umes are m easily creat$ :5 s(t old mat]ials are dy$1 & x requires b little exp]i5ce to discov] h[ ! beauty & effectiv5ess ( a play are enhanc$ !reby4 ,! prosc5ium ar* takes its place 9 ! illusion1 :5 ! imag9ation is /imulat$ by color decoration4 ,!re %\ld be an intimate co-op]ation betwe5 ! community ( little !at] & craft work]s4 ,! relation ( ! little !at] to ^? :o d h&icraft is /at$ by ,mr4 ,george ,somnes1 ,director ( ! ,little ,!at] ( ,indianapolis1 z foll[s3 ,too mu* /ress _c be laid ^u ! importance ( all-ov] dye+1 batiks1 & o!r patt]n dye+1 & _! application 9 ! "w ( ! little !at]4 ,preem95tly ! little !at] /&s = ! giv+ ( ! !at] back to ! arti/1 be he produc]1 musician1 sc5e design]1 co/ume design]1 danc] or au?or4 ,!re is ! endeavor to e/abli% ea* little !at] gr\p z a means ( community expression4 ,! use ( color 9 its relation to ! play & lights1 z sc5]y & 9 co/umes1 is s obvi\s & necess>y t x ne$s sc>cely m ?an m5tion4 ,z exp]im5tation is necess>y & desirable1 !re mu/ be at ! bottom an actual f\ndation & k ^u :i* to exp]im5t & build4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m9iature ,,/agecraft p4 #ajj ,s*ool plays & pageants c\ld be improv$ _m hundr$ p]c5t if ! k ( color & its application 7 made m g5]al4 ,n only w\ld *ildr5 be taught t gre5 & r$ g toge!r1 b !y w\ld be taught j :at gre5s & r$s =m ! v>i\s comb9ations--!y c\ld f9d out "u :at lights c]ta9 colors react be/4 ,give u m arti/s & craftsm5 & we w h a real !at]2 give u local arti/s & craftsm5 & we w h a ,community ,!at]4 ,9 ! foll[+ item f ,! ,work%op1 ! magaz9e issu$ by ! ,little ,!at] ,society ( ,indiana1 ! editor writes to ! community ( ! dy$ co/umes us$ 9 ,di]dre ( ! ,sorr[s4 ,! ,little ,!at] ,society feels x v significant t !y are able to call att5tion to ! use ( color 9 ! pres5t production & to m5tion t its application 9 ?is play is ! "w ( local arti/s4 ,! ,waldcraft ,/udios h g5]\sly giv5 "t1 s]vice & exp]i5ce to help make ?is production complete4 ,does n t s\nd hopeful = our developm5t1 & by example1 are !re n m p 9 o!r fields :o c give _! "t1 k & exp]i5ce to ! developm5t ( some?+ :i* :5 x is complet$ z an in/itution w belong to y8 ,illu/ration3 ,,m9iature ,,/age1 ,,pla9 ,,& ,,drap$ ,,) ,,batik$ ,,hang+s p4 #ajc ,! illu/rations %[n 9 ?is *apt] are1 7#a7 a pla9 m9iature /age con/ruct$ ( pa/ebo>d & ^u :i* ! /udy ( ! decoration = a s*ool play may well beg91 7#b7 two /ages t h be5 ?us decorat$1 7#c7 two sc5es 9 a play ) m9iature jo9t$ dolls we>+ real dy$ co/umes made by *ildr51 7#d7 sev]al *ildr5 at "w design+ & con/ruct+ = plays1 7#e7 a gr\p ( sc5es f a play giv5 9 a backy>d1 = :i* ! co/umes 7 especially dy$1 7#f7 ano!r m9iature /age made ( wood1 %[n pla9 & decorat$ ) dy$ hang+s = a play1 & 7#g7 "s "* p>ts f ! ,little ,!at] ( ,indianapolis1 = :i* special dye+ 0 done4 ,! m9iature pa/ebo>d /ages1 page #ih1 7 decorat$ ) opaque wat] colors by s*ool *ildr54 ,^! illu/rate ! prelim9>y /ep 9 decorat+ a /age ) dy$ textiles4 ,!y w\ld reproduce 9 batiks4 ,! fir/ decorat$ /age is plann$ to play ,treasure ,isl&4 ,! decoration ov] ! prosc5ium ar* is ,! little %ip t is head$ s\?-we/1 & ! bord]1 ,fifte5 m5 on a dead man's *e/1 ,yo-ho-ho & a bottle ( rum4 ,! backgr\nd colors are blue & black1 ! %ip :ite & ! fifte5 m5 r$ & :ite4 ,! o!r /age is plann$ = a patriotic ent]ta9m5t4 ,! colors = ?is occasion are conv5tional4 ,! m9iature /age 9 wood 7page #ajc7 & ! ensemble pictur$ sugge/s dye+ ( /age prop]ties4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sc5es ,,f ,,an ,,out-,,(-,,door ,,play p4 #aje ,! prosc5ium ar* ( ?is little /age 0 decorat$ = ! /udy ( ! play ,re/or+ ! ,m\rn]s4 ,! dramatic /ory tells ( ! exile ( ! ,miami ,indians f ,indiana to ,kansas4 ,:5 ?is ev5t took place !re 7 sev5te5 /ates 9 ! ,union4 ,! ,indians call$ ^! /ates ! ,sev5te5 ,fires 7,c\ncil ,fires74 ,^! fires 7 treat$ symbolically 9 ! bord] at ! top ( ! prosc5ium ar*4 ,! fires1 reali/ic 9 color1 7 pa9t$ 9 & /opp$ out ) wax4 ,! panels 7 dy$ blue4 ,! spaces back ( ! fires & ! c\ncil 7 /opp$ out ) wax & ! :ole dy$ a deep purple4 ,?is /age con/ruction is suitable = ! end ( a room or hall :]e !re is no balcony or = out-(-doors4 ,! curta91 se5 ?r\gh ! prosc5ium ar* & enl>g$ on page #ajh1 is an int]e/+ batik dy$ 9 values ( r$1 blue & purple4 ,! decoration 0 pa9t$ reali/ically on ! :ite silk & cov]$ ) wax4 ,! bottom ( ! piece = ab\t f\r or five in*es 0 kept 9 ! dye-ba? until mo/ ( ! color 0 exhau/$4 ,a small am\nt ( r$ 0 add$ to ! ba? & little by little ! mat]ial 0 imm]s$ 9 ! ba? until ab\t two-?irds ( ! goods 7 dy$4 ,! top ( ! mat]ial 0 dy$ blue 9 l mann]4 ,! bottom is a brilliant r$1 ! top a bright blue & ! c5t] diff]5t values ( purple & pale lav5d]4 ,! pictures ( ,mr4 ,george ,somnes & ,mrs4 ,eug5e ,fife z ,naisi & ,di]dre1 9 ,di]dre ( ! ,sorr[s1 page #ajg1 illu/rate "s ( ! h&-dy$ co/umes = ?is play4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h& ,,dy$ ,,co/umes ,,f ,,! ,,little ,,!at] p4 #ajg ,mrs4 ,fife's cloak 0 a beautiful cle> blue2 h] dress a d>k r$2 ! tie-dy$ veil a deep purple2 ! design an int5se yell[-gold4 ,!re 0 no attempt to %[ batik 9 ! decoration4 ,! wax resi/ 0 ! easie/ means ( decorat+ ! co/ume4 ,mr4 ,somnes' cloak 0 a purple gray ) symbolic designs pa9t$ 9 wax4 ,8 boots 7 dy$ br[n4 ,^! co/umes 7 made ( old mat]ial4 ,all ( ! co/umes 7 dy$ to sugge/ contact ) ! elem5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,sc5e ,,curta9 p4 #ajh ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,tie-,,dy$ ,,"w ,?is beautiful & fasc9at+ art ( textile decoration1 appli$ to drap]ies & articles ( dress1 has be5 practic$ 9 _m c\ntries = c5turies4 ,old pieces h be5 f\nd 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 9 ,p]u & ,bolivia4 ,9 ! ,philipp9es & 9 prov9ces ( ,india ! "w may /ill be se51 ! art hav+ be5 h&$ d[n f g5]ations unkn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tie-,,dy$ ,,fabric p4 #aji ,! ess5tial process consi/s 9 dye+ ! clo? 9 a dye-ba? aft] hav+ w\nd p>ts ( x m or less tightly ) /r+ or cord1 :i* s]ves z a resi/ to prev5t ! color f rea*+ ^? p>ts ( ! fabric4 ,! result is a :ite or1 if ! clo? has be5 previ\sly dy$1 a light color$ patt]n on a d>k] backgr\nd4 ,! me?od is capable ( m elaborate "w4 ,!re may be sev]al dye+s1 beg9n+ ) light] colors & pass+ to ^? ( d>k] values1 & betwe5 ! dye+s additional ty+ or unty+ or bo?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,portion ,,( ,a ,,*undri ,,%[+ ,,tie-,,dy$ ,,"w ,,done ,,9 ,,india p4 #aaj ,= example1 a clo? is dy$ light gray1 !n a patt]n ti$ into x1 aft] :i* x is put ?r\gh a light blue dye-ba?4 ,?is gives a light gray design ^u a gray$ blue backgr\nd4 ,b suppose n[ t a "p only ( ! ty+ is remov$1 "s additional ty+ done 9 ! gray$ blue field1 & a ?ird dye-ba? us$1 ?is "t a light r$4 ,! backgr\nd becomes a gray$ purple & 9 ! design are gray1 gray$ blue & gray$ r$4 ,!re may be a great v>iety ( designs1 dep5d+ ^u ! mann] ( ty+ ! individual unit & ! spac+ ( ^! units ) relation to ea* o!r4 ,! ,ori5tal "w is *>act]iz$ by v small individual ties & ! arrangem5t ( _m ( ^! into "s geometrical or pictorial patt]n4 ,! gr\p+ ( ^! little ties accurately & uni=mly into l9es & design clu/]s *all5ges wond] & admiration4 ,b ev5 ) ! dext]ity acquir$ by ^! p ! process is sl[ & labori\s4 ,! illu/ration 7page #aaj7 %[s a piece ( tie-dy$ "w f ,india4 ,! mat]ial is cotton4 ,c>eful exam9ation %[s x to h be5 done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! clo?1 :i* is v ?91 0 fold$ to =m f\r ?icknesses4 ,!n at ea* po9t :]e a tie 0 desir$ ! f\r ?icknesses 7 press$ or drawn up & w\nd v tightly ) /r+1 ! v tip ( ! fabric be+ left expos$ to take ! dye l ! backgr\nd4 ,aft] dye+ & remov+ ! ties ! clo? 0 unfold$1 %[+ ! f\r repeats4 ,! upp] left quadrant 0 upp]mo/ 9 ! ty+1 & %[s ! d>k c5t]s v di/9ctly4 ,!n came 9 ord] ! upp] "r %[+ small d>k c5t]s1 ! l[] "r %[+ few d>k c5t]s1 & ! l[] left %[+ none at all4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,tie-,,dy$ ,,patt]n ,,by ,,high ,,s*ool ,,pupil p4 #aab ,illu/ration3 ,,portion ,,( ,a ,,tie-,,dy$ ,,silk ,,sc>f p4 #aac ,z ) o!r crafts t h come to u f ! ,ea/1 we h n *os5 to imitate _! m>vel\s p]fections ( detail4 ,x has r be5 to our lik+ to "w out space & color adju/m5ts 9 a mann] m 9 keep+ ) our national temp]am5t4 ,& x is n )\t its measure ( success 9 arti/ic & pleas+ results4 ,! illu/ration on page #aab is ! "w ( a s*ool boy4 ,! mat]ial 0 cotton1 dy$ old rose be=e ! ty+ 0 done4 ,aft] ! ty+ x 0 dy$ deep blue4 ,! space relations are v good4 ,! "w ^u su* a piece %\ld proce$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,fir/ ! clo? %\ld be prep>$ = dye+ 9 ! mann] indicat$ 9 ! *apt] on dye+4 ,! c5t]s ( ! ties %\ld next be locat$4 ,sometimes ! clo? is m]ely ga!r$ at ea* c5t] & ti$1 b ) l>g] patt]ns x is (t5 fold$ 9 "s def9ite way4 ,! bord] 9 ?is piece 0 made by ga!r+ across ! entire piece & ty+4 ,if ! ty+ is v tight ! outl9es w be %>p4 ,) a little loos5ess 9 ! ties ! color w creep 91 ! results ( :i* are (t5 v beautiful4 ,a tie t is too loose1 h[ev]1 is 9 dang] ei!r ( com+ (f 9 ! dye-ba?1 or x may all[ ! color to p5etrate to ! ext5t ( de/roy+ ! design4 ,too prolong$ treatm5t 9 ! dye-ba?1 or dye+ at too high a temp]ature1 may cause too mu* p5etration ( color into ! ti$ spaces4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,tie-,,dy$ ,,bord] p4 #aae ,illu/ration3 ,,portion ,,( ,a ,,tie-,,dy$ ,,sc>f p4 #aae ,on page #aac is %[n a portion ( a silk sc>f4 ,9 ?is case ! :ite clo? 0 ga!r$ at ! respective c5t]s1 )\t any def9ite plan ( fold+1 & ti$ r tightly ) a few w9ds ( /r+ ab\t an in* or m f ! c5t]4 ,! piece 0 !n dy$ a s(t gray yell[4 ,!n m w9d+ 0 done s z to leave only ! tips expos$4 ,! next dye-ba? 0 a s(t blue some:at /rong] ?an ! yell[4 ,! color qualities are beautiful4 ,! bord] %[s ! p5etration ( ! blue color 9 a v happy mann]4 ,! bord] design on page #aae %[s ! result ( a def9ite mann] ( fold+ ! clo? be=e ty+4 ,! portion ( a sc>f illu/rat$ on page #aae %[s "o l>ge patt]n beg9n+ at ! c5t] ( ! sc>f4 ,! sc>f 0 ga!r$ or fold$ f ! c5t] & ti$ at int]vals4 ,! color is delicate old rose1 especially beautiful = ev5+ we>4 ,sometimes small objects1 su* z m>bles or glass beads1 are plac$ at ! c5t] ( ! ti$ spots & ! clo? ti$ ar\nd !m4 ,a v int]e/+ developm5t ( tie-dy$ "w & "o :i* greatly increases ! v>iety ( designs is :at we may t]m /ick ty+1 i4e41 ty+ ov] /icks4 ,! /icks = ?is purpose are ^? commonly us$ by s*ool *ildr5 9 /ick pr9t+4 ,^! are sold by all ! lead+ s*ool art supply h\ses4 ,^! /icks are treat$ s !y w n absorb color1 :i* makes !m especially suitable = tie-dy$ "w4 ,!y are ( diff]5t %apes1 squ>es1 circles1 triangles1 oblongs1 etc4 ,on ^! %apes ! clo? may be fold$ 9 diff]5t ways1 giv+ an elem5t ( geometrical symmetry1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is always s(t5$ 9 ! dye-ba? z ! color makes its little incursions into ! ti$ spots4 ,illu/ration3 ,,examples ,,( ,,/ick ,,ty+ p4 #aag ,illu/ration3 ,,/ick ,,ti$ ,,patt]ns p4 #aag ,/ick ty+ is n only a good craft problem b also spl5did = ! s*ool room = bo? boys & girls4 ,x is be/ to lay out ! design on ! clo? by /ick pr9t+ ) a v light t9t ( ! color to be us$ 9 ! fir/ dye+1 & us+1 ( c\rse1 ! end ( ! /ick ov] :i* ! clo? is to be ti$4 ,?is insures a prop] direction ( ! axes ( ! ti$ spots4 ,on page #aag are %[n a numb] ( ty+s ov] ! diff]5t /icks1 & also "s dy$ spots result+ f ty+ 9 sev]al ways4 ,any s*ool boy c devise o!r /ick ties1 & he w be delight$ ) "s ( ! effects produc$ by 8 inv5tions4 ,we also %[ 7page #aai7 a silk sc>f ti$ ov] /icks1 ) a bord] at ea* end1 ready = ! dye-ba?4 ,on page #abj is ?is same sc>f aft] dye+4 ,! "w 0 c>ri$ out 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,! /ick us$ 0 a flat oblong "o-eigh? in* ?ick1 five-eigh?s in* wide & "o in* long4 ,! clo? 0 /ick pr9t$ ) light yell[ to locate ! c5t]s = ! ties4 ,! end ( ! /ick 0 plac$ at ! c5t]1 ! clo? fold$ equally on ! two sides1 & ! ty+ done z %[n on ! fir/ /ick 7page #aag74 ,! entire sc>f 0 dipp$ 9 w>m wat] be=e dye+4 ,?is con=m$ to our directions = dye+ & also caus$ ! ties to tight54 ,! piece 0 fir/ dy$ yell[1 !n )\t any *ange 9 ! ty+ x 0 dy$ gre54 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,piece ,,( ,,/ick ,,ty+ ,,ready ,,= ,,! ,,dye-,,ba? p4 #aai ,illu/ration3 ,,units ,,( ,,! ,,patt]n ,,f ,,! ,,above ,,ty+ p4 #aai ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,silk ,,drap]y ,,decorat$ ,,by ,,/ick ,,ty+ p4 #abj ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,/ick-,,ti$ ,,l9+ ,,= ,,jacket p4 #aba ,aft] a ?or\gh r9s+ ! two yell[ gre5 b&s ar\nd ! /ick 7 protect$ by additional ty+ & ! upp] & l[] ties remov$1 expos+ two :ite b&s4 ,!n foll[$ a r$ dye+1 ano!r r9s+1 ! removal ( all ties1 & a f9al dye+ 9 a v dilute gold5 yell[4 ,! result is a gr\nd color ( ri*1 beautiful br[n4 ,9 ! ti$ spots are b&s ( gold1 ( orange-r$1 ( yell[-gre5 & ( br[n1 also a br[n c5t]4 ,along ! edges ( ^! b&s ! colors h crept 91 "o "h & ano!r !re1 to produce a beautiful iridesc5ce4 ,! same colors are repeat$ 9 ! bord]s4 ,! l9+ ( ! jacket1 page #aba1 is a beautiful piece ( /ick ty+ on pongee silk4 ,! colors "h are yell[1 gre5 & gray$ purple1 z well z ! orig9al color ( ! pongee4 ,^! 7 ?ree dye-ba?s1 yell[1 blue & r$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,tie-,,dy$ ,,fabric p4 #abb ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,/ick ,,pr9t+1 ,,block ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,/5cil ,,dye+ ,x has be5 se5 h[ v]satile ! batik me?od is z a means ( illum9at+ fabrics1 also h[ design is ! controll+ elem5t 9 all good batik "w4 ,9 bo? ! space & color relations ! batik work] has control ( ! entire surface subject only to ! limitations impos$ by ! m$iums 9 :i* he is work+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/5cil ,,design p4 #abc ,x foll[s t a k ( ! pr9ciples ( design mu/ und]lie good batik "w z well z a k ( dyes4 ,9 tak+ up ! o!r ways 9 :i* s*ool *ildr5 are us+ dyes1 x is well to place emphasis ^u ! design elem5ts involv$4 ,all dye+ z done by craftsm5 & 9 ! s*ools involves design4 ,ev5 all-ov] dye+ is c>ri$ out ) ! idea ( ! dy$ piece becom+ a "p ( "s l>g] :ole4 ,! e>lie/ use ( dyes 9 ! s*ools is 9 /ick pr9t+1 & "h beg9 ! fir/ lessons 9 patt]n dye+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,sugge/$ ,,use ,,( ,,block ,,pr9t+ ,,= ,,end ,,pap] p4 #abd ,all %apes us$ 9 design resolve !mselves into c]ta9 recogniz$ types4 ,^! type %apes are ! squ>e1 oblong1 triangle1 circle1 ellipse & oval4 ,!re are also /&>ds ( color t h become associat$ ) ^! types4 ,!y are r$1 yell[1 blue1 orange1 gre5 & violet4 ,^! %apes & colors are taught univ]sally by tea*]s :o tra9 *ildr5 9 ! elem5t>y concepts ( design4 ,x is ! adju/m5t ( ^! %apes & colors 9 space t con/itutes design4 ,x is ! application ( ^! %apes & colors to def9ite mat]ials = def9ite uses 9 ! *ild's life t con/itutes appli$ design4 ,:5 ! *ild pr9ts a squ>e on 8 pap] x is a real squ>e & good 9 color4 ,! next "o w be a real duplicate1 bo? 9 %ape & color4 ,! problem is :]e to put ! duplicate4 ,t is ! ess5ce ( design1 & bo? tea*] & pupil are ready to take hold ( x4 ,!re is "t = discussion & drill4 ,results mu/ foll[4 ,! *ild beg9s to s5se & appreciate /&>ds & to love accuracy1 neatness & ord]l9ess4 ,8 int]e/ is su/a9$ & 8 p[]s /r5g!n$ ?r\gh satisfactory accompli%m5t4 ,he plans1 inv5ts1 & executes1 acquires indep5d5ce ( ?\ght & expression1 & designs 9 accordance ) 8 imag9ation & exp]i5ce4 ,v e>ly 9 ! *ild's tra9+1 :ile ! /ick pr9t+ is unfold+ ! elem5ts ( design to him1 he applies 8 designs to enri* 8 con/ruction "w4 ,x is ! "t = ! *ild to beg9 ?r\gh concrete ef=ts to get root$ into 8 ?9k+ t designs are made to be appli$ & t ev]y?+ :i* contributes to 8 com=t1 happ9ess & well-be+ exi/s because a design has be5 appli$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,h9du ,,block ,,pr9t$ ,,design p4 #abf ,!n is also ! "t = ! *ild to see "s pr9t$ textiles 9 :i* ! patt]n is geometrical l 8 /ick pr9t+4 ,aft] ! *ild has _h suffici5t exp]i5ce ) type %apes1 he may add block pr9t+4 ,) ! k & exp]i5ce ga9$ ?r\gh ! use ( /icks1 he is enabl$ to modify ! /&>d %apes4 ,a wood block v5e]$ ) l9oleum t c be easily cut ) a %>p knife into any =m desir$1 & :i* ma9ta9s a rigid pr9t+ surface1 br+s ?is craft )9 8 rea*4 ,9 beg9n+ ! pr9t block "w a squ>e or rectangul> surface may be cut into a pleas+ gr\p ( /&>d %apes involv+ /raight l9es & !n simple curves4 ,!re may foll[ at lat] int]vals 9 ! c\rse problems ( increas+ difficulty consi/5t ) ! ability to ?9k & execute4 ,cont9u$ obs]vation ( comm]cial pr9ts &1 if possible1 ( f9e h&icraft is always 9 ord]4 ,9 connection ) block pr9t+ may well come an e>ly lesson 9 sett+ colors4 ,9 color pr9t+ ! color %\ld be a "p ( ! fib] ( ! goods )\t ! lea/ injury or *ange 9 ! texture4 ,any process :i* gums ! fib] or de/roys ! texture is n beautiful 9 its results1 & does n give true color pr9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,patt]ns ,,= ,,pr9t ,,blocks p4 #abh ,illu/ration3 ,,pr9t ,,blocks1 ,,pla9 ,,& ,,cut4 ,,pr9t ,,%[+ ,,influ5ce ,,( ,,/ick ,,pr9t+ ,,& ,,block ,,pr9t+ p4 #abi ,besides ! me?od else:]e ref]r$ to1 ! foll[+ w give excell5t results 9 block pr9t+4 ,a l>ge t9 cov] into :i* a ?ick piece ( felt is fitt$ s]ves z a color pad4 ,pa9s %\ld be tak5 to h ! "r quantity ( dye well spread on ! pad4 ,too mu* color makes ! pr9t+ less cle>4 ,:5 a trial on a piece ( ! goods is "r a l>ge numb] ( impr9ts c !n be made4 ,! secret ( good "w is a nice adju/m5t ( ! color pad & !n uni=mity ( pressure on ! block1 bo? 9 tak+ color f ! pad & 9 mak+ ! impr9t4 ,! pr9t+ is done on a flat surface ) a s+le lay] ( blott] b5ea? ! textile4 ,"s fabrics take ! impr9t bett] if slightly damp5$4 ,! illu/ration ( block pr9t+ is a specim5 ( ,h9du "w4 ,! /icks w f9d cont9u$ use 9 pr9t+ connect+ spots & = ! introduction ( additional color s (t5 ne$$ = enri*m5t4 ,! manufactur$ textile "h illu/rat$ 0 design$ by us+ /ick pr9t+ & block pr9t+4 ,:5 ! atta9m5t rea*$ ) /icks & pr9t blocks is suffici5t to call = l>g] & m v>i$ design1 x is "t = ! craft to broad5 & include /5cil+4 ,/5cil+ is ! mo/ exact+ ma/] ( simplicity4 ,x tea*es "o h[ to sweep away all t is trivial & unnecess>y 9 design4 ,x %[s ! value ( broad1 flat tones comb9$ ) accurate draw+1 & proves conclusively ! vital importance ( good composition4 ,! /5cil+ process has be5 describ$ s _m times t directions = ! "w are n ne$$4 ,an elem5t>y lesson 9 all-ov] dye+ c v appropriately be giv5 9 connection ) advanc$ block pr9t+ or /5cil+4 ,?is might well be ! wax+ ov] ( ! pr9t$ or /5cil$ patt]n1 foll[$ by a dipp+ = ! gr\nd color4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/5cil ,,designs4 ,,appli$ ,,/5cil ,,patt]n p4 #aca ,! example ( /5cil+ illu/rat$ is a table cov]4 ,! mat]ial is natural color$ l954 ,! colors 7 liquid dyes bl[n on ) an atomiz]4 ,! bodies1 heads & legs ( ! cranes are orange2 ! w+s & tails blue4 ,! fl[]s & spots are purple1 ! leaves & /ems blue4 ,spray+ liquid dye ) an atomiz] p]mits n only ( ! usual direct color+ ( ! design areas1 b also ( resi/ /5cil+1 9 :i* a light design is produc$ on a d>k backgr\nd4 ,a small d>k design on a l>ge light backgr\nd is /r+y & ?94 ,! light seems to eat into ! edge ( ! design & m9imize its importance4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a small light design on a l>ge d>k backgr\nd is magnifi$ 9 importance4 ,:ile = prop] control 9 ei!r case we mu/ adju/ ! space relations ( ! design & backgr\nd areas1 yet x is equally important t "o be able to adju/ ! color relations ( ! design & backgr\nd areas4 ,! process = resi/ /5cil+ is z foll[s3 ,! /5cil is laid ^u ! surface to be decorat$1 & ! op5 patt]n is c>efully cov]$ ) a ?9 lay] ( libr>y pa/e or pa/e made f fl\r & salt wat]4 ,fl\r add$ to a solution ( salt 9 wat] is ! be/ prep>ation we h f\nd4 ,a palette knife1 or a case knife may be us$ to spread ?is pa/e4 ,! /5cil is at once lift$ & ! color desir$ = ! backgr\nd is spray$ 9 a flat tone ov] ! entire surface4 ,! pa/e acts z a resi/1 prev5t+ ! p5etration ( ! color4 ,! entire surface is imm$iately wet ) cold wat] & ! resi/ wa%$ (f4 ,! /5cil is c>efully & ?or\ghly clean$ 9 ! same way & !n press$ & dri$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/5cil ,,designs p4 #acc ,?is is especially suitable = book cov]s & end pap] designs1 or mats1 :]e ! patt]n does n p>take ( ! nature ( a repeat1 z x is bett] to remove ! resi/ :ile wet4 ,x is int]e/+ to /5cil ! op5 patt]n 9 "o or m colors1 !n apply ! resi/ & give ano!r color to ! backgr\nd4 ,mo/ int]e/+ /5cil+ has be5 done ) two or m /5cils4 ,to make ^!1 a /5cil %\ld be cut = ea* color4 ,use ! orig9al design %eet = "o color4 ,transf] o!r color areas to new %eets4 ,make all %eets1 includ+ ! trac+ pap]1 ! same size4 ,be=e trac+ lay %eets & trac+ pap] toge!r & pun* co9cid+ holes 9 ! upp] corn]s4 ,keep ^! holes co9cid5t dur+ ! process ( trac+4 ,by means ( ^! holes ! respective /5cils are easily appli$ s t ! color s*eme is accurately reproduc$4 ,x mu/ n be ov]look$ by ^? :o are /5cil+ t only "p ( ! color appli$ becomes incorporat$ into ! fib] ( ! goods4 ,! o!r "p is outside ! fib]1 adh]5t to ! goods4 ,?is adh]5t color %\ld be remov$4 ,x corresponds to ! excess color 9 dye+1 :i* we take pa9s to remove by r9s+4 ,! v purpose ( ! /eam+1 or o!r sett+ process1 is to incorporate ! dye into ! fib]4 ,?is is nev] p]fectly accompli%$4 ,!re is always "s excess adh]5t color to be remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,old ,,japanese ,,/5cils p4 #ace ,h[ (t5 we meet ! foll[+ exp]i5ce3 ,a craft work] 9 decorat+ a fabric applies color until ! eye is pleas$1 takes little or no pa9s to incorporate ! color into ! fib]1 & ignores altoge!r ! fact t "s ( ! color is only adh]5t4 ,lat] ?is adh]5t color comes (f 7n out7 9 ! wa%4 ,!re is !n disappo9tm5t & compla9t aga9/ me?ods1 colors1 etc41 :5 ! real fault is "o ( workman%ip4 ,adh]5t color is nev] dep5dable4 ,! ,japanese h be5 ! ma/]s ( ! art ( /5cil+4 ,! te*nique & beauty ( _! designs h n be5 equall$ by any o!r craftsm54 ,= c5turies ^! p h be5 mak+ impr9ts on fabrics4 ,! old /5cils are m simple & ! pap] ( bett] quality4 ,^! old /5cils are always d>k5$ by "t4 ,! /5cils %[n 9 ! illu/ration 7 collect$ by ,erne/ ,f5ollosa1 an au?ority on ,japanese art4 ,little has be5 writt5 ab\t ^! /5cils b _m museums & s*ool art dep>tm5ts h collections4 ,9 cutt+ /5cils ! ,japanese use a numb] ( tools4 ,"s ( ^! tools are ( ! nature ( pun*es1 be+ ! %ape ( ! cut out place4 ,!re is no draw+ on ! /5cil pap]1 ! workman looks at ! design & cuts ! patt]n free h&4 ,! pap]1 be=e cutt+1 is treat$ ) oil & a k9d ( lacqu]4 ,! old /5cils 7 /r5g!n$ by a net "w ( human hair plac$ betwe5 two /5cils cut at ! same "t4 ,^! /5cils 7 !n pa/$ toge!r ) rice pa/e4 ,?is net "w ( hair s]ves z ties 9 ! /5cil & p]mits a l>g] fre$om ( design ?an is o!rwise possible4 ,! ,japanese use two me?ods = /5cil+1 ! direct color+ me?od1 9 :i* ! dye is bru%$ on ! mat]ial ?r\gh ! /5cil1 & ! resi/ me?od1 9 :i* a pa/e is rubb$ ?r\gh ! /5cil on ! :ite goods & ! fabric dy$ 9 an all-ov] ba?4 ,! color is set by /eam+ & ! pa/e wa%$ out4 ,?is leaves a :ite patt]n on a color$ backgr\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/5cil ,,design p4 #acg ,,! ,,index ,page ,acid colors #df ,all-ov] dye+ #ce-db ,basic colors #df ,block pr9t+ #abf-acj ,*>act]i/ics ( batiks #ad-bb ,colors1 mix+ ( #di-ec ,co/umes1 decoration ( #gi-he ,crackle #ad ,designs1 old batik #bc-cd ,direct colors #de-df ,direct color+1 me?od ( #dc-dd ,dis*>ge process #dc-dd ,dye-ba?s1 prep>ation ( #cg-ci ,dye+ ov] old color #cf1 #eb-ec ,dye+1 %ad$ #da ,dyes #de-di ,dyes1 sett+ ( #dd ,end pap]s #gg ,fabrics1 dry+ ( #da-db ,fabrics1 dye+ ( #ce-ec ,fabrics1 prep>ation ( #ce-cg ,frame1 batik #ee1 #eg-eh ,gray+ ( colors #dg-ej ,high s*ool1 batiks 9 #fe-gd ,hi/ory ( batiks #aa-bb ,holl&1 batiks 9 #ab1 #ba ,int]iors1 decoration ( #hf-if ,japan1 batiks 9 #ba ,japan1 /5cil+ 9 #acf-acg ,java1 batiks 9 #aa-bj ,javanese co/umes #af-ah ,jewelry1 co/ume #gg-gi ,l9+s #hb ,patt]n dye+ #db-de ,petropla/ ornam5ts #gg-gi1 #ha ,plays & pageants #ig-ajh ,pr9ciples ( dye+ #ce-ec ,resi/ processes #dc-de1 #ed-gd ,s>ongs #ac1 #af ,siz+ #cf ,/ages1 m9iature #ih-ajf ,/5cil dye+ #acj-acg ,/5cil+1 ,japanese #acf-acg ,/5cil+1 resi/ #acb-acd1 #acg ,/ick pr9t+ #abc-abg ,/ick ty+ #de1 #aaf-abb ,sulphur colors #df ,!at]1 ,! ,little1 ,dye+ = #ig-ajh ,tie-dy$ "w #aji-abb ,tjant+ #ah1 #fj ,tjap #ah-bj ,vat dyes #df ,vegetable colors #dh-di ,wax1 batik #ad1 #eh-fj ,wax resi/ processes #ed-gd ,wood1 decoration ( #ed-ef ,transcrib]'s ,note ,m9or punctuation errors h be5 repair$4 ,inconsi/5t hyph5ation is pres]v$ z pr9t$4 ,assum+ typographic errors1 ! foll[+ am5dm5ts h be5 made3 ,page #ab--;fibre am5d$ to fib]--444 wom5 & girls seat$ ^u fib] mats 444 ,page #dd--practis$ am5d$ to practic$--444 is ! commonly practic$ me?od 444 ,page #gi--;insiz$ am5d$ to incis$--444 & ! bird1 fl[]s & p$e/als 7 incis$ 444 ,page #ajj--or am5d$ to (--444 betwe5 ! community ( little !at] & craft work]s4 ,page #ajb--;give am5d$ to giv5--,! ,waldcraft ,/udios h g5]\sly giv5 "t1 444 ,page #aci--,!atre am5d$ to ,!at]--,!at]1 ,! ,little1 ,dye+ = 444 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ :]e necess>y s t !y are n 9 ! middle ( a p>agraph4 ,page numb] ref]5ces & illu/ration captions 9 braces h be5 add$ by ! transcrib] = ! conv5i5ce ( ! read]4