,,the ,,mentor 8,a ,wise and ,faithful ,guide and ,friend0 ,vol4 #a ,no4 #cf ,,famous ,,american ,,sculptors ,,john ,,quincy ,,adams ,,ward ,,frederick ,,william ,,macmonnies ,,george ,,grey ,,barnard ,,daniel ,,chester ,,french ,,augustus ,,saint ,,gaudens ,,paul ,,wayland ,,bartlett ,illustration ,by ,,lorado ,,taft ,sculptor1 and ,author of 8,history of ,american ,sculpture0 ,the story of ,american sculpture is a brief one compared with the chronicles of other lands4 ,our first professional sculptors1 ,horatio ,greenough and ,hiram ,powers1 were both born in #ahje4 ,in ,european countries the records of the last hundred years are but fragments1 brief sequels to the story of ages of endeavor4 ,it is difficult to realize that our actual achievement1 from the very kindergarten stage of an unknown art to the proud eminence held by ,american sculpture in the ,paris ,exposition of #aijj1 was the work of but three score years and ten--was seen in its entirety by many living men4 ,,beginnings ,,of ,,american ,,sculpture ,illustration3 ,,birthplace ,,of ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,,ward ,ward was born in #ahcj1 on a farm in the neighborhood of ,urbana1 ,ohio4 ,the beginnings of all arts in this country have been timid and imitative4 ,literature1 music1 and painting had something to found themselves upon in the national tradition2 but sculpture was never abundant in ,england1 and this art1 usually one of the earliest1 was the last to appear in ,america4 ,its first inspirations were ,italian1 and for half a century ,american sculpture was a crude parody on the art of ,canova and ,thorvaldsen4 ,many of our sculptors1 like ,powers1 ,greenough1 ,crawford1 ,story1 ,randolph ,rogers1 ,rinehart1 ,ball1 ,mead1 and ,harriet ,hosmer1 made their homes in ,florence and ,rome1 and welcomed the ever swelling tide of ,american travel with wistful greetings4 ,perhaps their influence was greater there upon the receptive travelers than it could have been at home2 but one cannot help feeling a high regard for men like ,palmer1 ,john ,rogers1 and ,ward1 who 8held the fort10 developing the native material of their own land4 ,about the time of the ,centennial1 ,france was suddenly discovered by our young sculptors4 ,her opportunities were appreciated1 and soon the entire stream of students was diverted thither from ,italy and ,germany4 ,saint ,gaudens was the first important product of the ,american-,french school of sculpture1 and his talent and training together offered an irresistible argument for the new methods4 ,,john ,,quincy ,,adams ,,ward ,illustration3 ,,paul ,,wayland ,,bartlett ,,and ,,john ,,quincy ,,adams ,,ward ,illustration3 ,,washington1 ,,by ,,ward ,on ,wall ,street1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,the pedestal bears the inscription3 8,on this site1 in ,federal ,hall1 ,april #cj1 #aghi1 ,george ,washington took the oath as the first ,president of the ,united ,states of ,america40 ,before speaking further of our greatest sculptor1 a few words should be devoted to the last and most distinguished of the pioneers1 ,john ,quincy ,adams ,ward 7#ahcj-aiaj71 who was privileged to see the triumphs of ,american sculpture at home and abroad1 and to participate in them to the end4 ,always keenly alive and vibrantly responsive to the forces at work about him1 he was ever a contemporary of the youngest men of his profession4 ,ward's earliest success1 8,the ,indian ,hunter0 in ,central ,park1 ,new ,york ,city1 was the result of a long journey among the red men4 ,its intensity is an unconscious revelation of the man who made it3 no lackadaisical dreamer could have conceived the idea1 much less have carried it to its happy realization4 ,the emotion of war times found expression in 8,the ,freedman10 and later in a notable series of memorials to heroes of the conflict1 culminating in the great 8,henry ,ward ,beecher0 of ,brooklyn1 one of the most impressive portraits in this country4 ,none but a big man could have grasped that character2 none but a strong nature could convey to others that impression of exuberant vitality and of conscious power4 ,the great preacher stands solidly upon his feet1 enveloped in a heavy overcoat and cape1 his hat in hand4 ,the poise is superbly confident2 the leonine head uplifted as if in command rather than in exhortation4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,warrior1 ,,by ,,ward ,one of the three figures that adorn the base of the ,garfield statue at ,washington4 ,the other two are the 8,statesman0 and the 8,student40 ,new ,york ,city has many of ,ward's works4 ,his 8,pilgrim0 and 8,shakespeare0 in ,central ,park are well known4 ,his 8,horace ,greeley0 is the last word in faithful characterization1 as vivid as his ,wall ,street 8,washington0 is noble and detached4 ,the admirable equestrian 8,general ,thomas0 and the 8,garfield0 monument in ,washington are equally familiar4 ,the uprightness and dignity of the whole life of the sculptor left their impress upon every portrait he modeled4 ,some are greater than others2 but they are men1 everyone of them4 ,they stand firmly on their feet1 and they make no gestures1 no attempt to win us4 ,there is no restlessness1 no anxiety2 you feel eternity in their attitudes1 in their composure4 ,above all1 the sculptor has known how to endow each with an individual intelligence4 ,,saint ,,gaudens1 ,,the ,,master ,illustration3 ,,grief1 ,,by ,,saint ,,gaudens ,this mysterious figure is sometimes called 8,death10 or 8,the ,peace of ,god40 ,it is in ,rock ,creek ,cemetery1 ,washington1 and is a memorial to ,mrs4 ,adams4 ,augustus ,saint ,gaudens1 like so many of our best citizens1 was a product of another land2 of two others1 in fact4 ,born in ,dublin in #ahdh of a ,french father and an ,irish mother1 he represented an unusually fortunate combination of two artistic races4 ,the humble family settled in #ahej in ,new ,york1 where the boy was early apprenticed to a cameo cutter1 supplementing his childish efforts with a rigorous training in the drawing classes of ,cooper ,union4 ,in #ahhj1 after some years abroad1 he exhibited at the ,salon his remarkable figure of ,admiral ,farragut1 now in ,madison ,square1 ,new ,york1 which still remains one of his finest works4 ,this statue--and its harmonious pedestal--met with instant success1 and was followed by a series of triumphant works1 so novel and original1 so significant and admirably perfected1 that the master's position at the head of the profession in this country was constantly reaffirmed to the day of his death4 ,illustration3 ,,deacon ,,chapin1 ,,by ,,saint ,,gaudens ,at ,springfield1 ,massachusetts4 ,indeed1 in reviewing the life of this great artist1 one asks what other sculptor of modern times has produced such a succession of notable achievements as the 8,farragut02 the 8,lincoln0 of ,chicago2 the 8,deacon ,chapin0 of ,springfield1 ,massachusetts2 the 8,adams ,memorial0 in ,washington2 the 8,shaw ,memorial02 the 8,logan02 the 8,sherman01 and finally the seated 8,lincoln40 ,add to this the countless exquisite medallions1 the delightfully decorative high relief portraits1 and1 perhaps most beautiful of all1 that angelic brood of which the 8,amor ,caritas0 is the type and culmination1 and where shall we look for a more individual expression8 ,rodin himself1 with all his contortions1 has not produced so much beauty nor demonstrated himself more 8original40 ,illustration3 ,copyright1 #aije1 by ,de ,w4 ,c4 ,ward4 ,,augustus ,,saint ,,gaudens ,,in ,,his ,,studio ,from a painting by ,kenyon ,cox4 ,to different moods these great works make their differing appeals4 ,the heroic 8,lincoln10 with its strong1 gaunt frame and its majestic head bowed in sympathetic tenderness2 the sturdy 8,chapin10 wrapped in a voluminous cloak and self sufficiency2 the mysterious1 inscrutable genius of the ,adams tomb2 the rhythmic momentum of the colored regiment with its fated leader riding serenely1 square shouldered1 and level eyed to his doom2 the glorious 8,victory0 of the ,sherman group1 the most spiritual1 most ethereal of all sculptured types1--what an array are these6 ,what wealth to have brought to our national ideals6 ,,daniel ,,chester ,,french ,illustration3 ,,birthplace ,,of ,g4 ,g4 ,,barnard ,barnard was born at ,bellefonte1 ,pennsylvania1 where his parents were temporarily residing in #ahfc4 ,the sculptor is really a ,westerner4 ,worthy successor to the great artist who put us all under such heavy obligations is ,daniel ,chester ,french1 whose work is known throughout the land4 ,french was born at ,exeter1 ,new ,hampshire1 in #ahej1 and grew up in ,concord1 ,massachusetts1 amid ideal surroundings4 ,his first youthful effort in sculpture1 8,the ,minute ,man of ,concord10 was a success1 and his busy life has known no failures4 ,no other ,american sculptor has produced so much1 and we can name here but a few of his most important works4 ,illustration3 ,,minute ,,man1 ,,by ,,french ,at ,concord1 ,massachusetts4 ,illustration3 ,reproduced from ,american ,sculpture1 by ,lorado ,taft4 ,copyright1 #aijc1 by ,the ,mac,millan ,co4 ,,alma ,,mater1 ,,by ,,french ,adorning the approach to the ,library of ,columbia ,university1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,illustration3 ,,daniel ,,chester ,,french ,french is well known as a sculptor in both ,america and ,europe4 ,best beloved is the noble 8,death and the ,young ,sculptor10 designed as a memorial to the sculptor1 ,martin ,milmore4 ,in this poetic group we have unquestionably one of the highest expressions of a purely ,american art4 ,other works of interest are the ascetic 8,john ,harvard0 of ,cambridge2 a vigorous 8,general ,cass0 and the touchingly sympathetic 8,gallaudet0 group1 both in ,washington1 ,d4 ,c42 the 8,o',reilly0 monument of ,boston2 the equestrian 8,washington0 in ,paris and ,chicago2 8,general ,grant0 in ,fairmount ,park1 ,philadelphia2 and 8,general ,hooker0 in ,boston4 ,among his most recent works are a 8,lincoln0 for ,lincoln1 ,nebraska1 and an 8,emerson0 for ,concord4 ,the ,columbian ,exposition was crowned by ,french's gigantic and truly monumental 8,republic10 a superb figure which reappears1 comfortably seated for all time1 in the 8,alma ,mater0 of ,columbia4 ,french does not disdain architectural sculpture1 and has made beautiful groups for the ,custom ,house of ,new ,york1 the postoffice of ,cleveland1 and the pediment of the ,brooklyn ,institute4 ,in the recent ,parkman and ,melvin memorials he has shown a treatment peculiarly adapted to the stone1 a most valuable suggestion to our younger men4 ,no one has greater influence upon the trend of ,american sculpture than has ,french1 and many there are who owe to him their successful beginnings4 ,,frederick ,,macmonnies ,illustration3 ,,frederick ,,william ,,macmonnies ,illustration3 ,,horse ,,tamers1 ,,by ,,macmonnies ,two groups1 one of which is shown1 that adorn an entrance to ,prospect ,park1 ,brooklyn4 ,they formed part of the sculptor's remarkable exhibit at the ,paris ,exposition of #aijj4 ,when in #ahhd ,frederick ,mac,monnies arrived in ,paris he was equipped as no ,american had ever been before4 ,he was twenty-one years old1 and had already spent five years in the studio of ,saint ,gaudens1 besides learning to draw like a skilled painter4 ,his progress was proportionate1 and it has been his joy ever since to meet his ,european competitors upon their own field and to rival them in whatever they undertake4 ,if there is nothing distinctively ,american in his art1 it is sculpture of the highest degree of workmanship1 an international coin that passes current wherever good art is known4 ,illustration3 ,,birthplace ,,of ,d4 ,c4 ,,french ,french was born in ,exeter1 ,new ,hampshire1 on ,april #bj1 #ahej ,illustration3 ,,the ,,hewer1 ,,by ,,barnard ,the plate on the pedestal says1 8,erected in memory of ,william ,parker ,halliday1 and presented to the city of ,cairo1 ,ill41 ,a4 ,d4 #aijf1 in token of his unswerving faith in her destiny40 ,no one has ever worked quite so feverishly as did ,mac,monnies during those wonderful first years of his career1 and no one has ever done so much in the time4 ,the list is too long even to chronicle here1 much less to comment upon4 ,beginning with the 8,nathan ,hale0 and 8,stranahan0 of the ,salon of #ahia1 the sculptor came insistently into national view in #ahic with his great ,columbian fountain1 the jewel of the ,chicago ,exposition4 ,it was the opportunity of a lifetime1 and the young sculptor rose serenely and triumphantly to the occasion4 ,the memory of that exquisite twilight vision remains a delight to all who saw it4 ,orders followed in rapid sequence1 and brought more successes1--the archaistic 8,shakespeare0 of the ,congressional ,library2 the irresistible 8,bacchante02 8,sir ,henry ,vane0 of ,boston2 and the sculptor's various contributions to ,prospect ,park1 ,brooklyn1--the ,memorial ,arch1 with its gigantic army and navy groups1 and its glorious ,quadriga above1 and the 8,horse ,tamers40 ,upon the exhibition of these works at the ,paris ,exposition of #aijj ,mac,monnies decided that he wanted a rest1 which in the case of one of his nervous temperament meant merely a change4 ,he dropped his modeling tools absolutely1 and for a number of years gave himself up to the joys of painting4 ,all sculptors dream of this2 but he could really do it4 ,his work on canvas is no less masterly than his sculpture4 ,of late he has returned to his first love1 and we look forward eagerly to the new products of his studio4 ,,the ,,bold ,,originality ,,of ,,barnard ,illustration3 ,,george ,,grey ,,barnard ,george ,grey ,barnard is a ,westerner1 although he chanced to be born in ,pennsylvania1 where his parents were temporarily residing in #ahfc4 ,the sculptor's father is a clergyman1 and the fortunes of the ministry afterward led him to ,chicago1 and thence to ,muscatine1 ,iowa1 where the son passed his boyhood4 ,one cannot doubt that these circumstances had their profound influence upon the character of the young artist4 ,in it is something of the largeness of the western prairies1 something of the audacity of a life without tradition or precedent1 a burning intensity of enthusiasm2 above all1 a strong element of mysticism which permeates all that ,barnard does or thinks4 ,illustration3 ,reproduced from ,american ,sculpture1 by ,lorado ,taft4 ,copyright1 #aijc1 by ,the ,mac,millan ,co4 ,,michelangelo1 ,,by ,,bartlett ,a vivid representation of the mighty ,florentine1 is one of the bronze effigies that decorate the rotunda of the ,congressional ,library4 ,the stories of his student struggles in ,chicago and ,paris are familiar4 ,the first result of all this self sacrifice became tangible in that early group1 a tombstone for ,norway1 in which the youth portrayed 8,brotherly ,love10 a work of 8weird and indescribable charm40 ,in #ahid ,barnard completed his celebrated group1 8,two ,natures10 upon which he had toiled1 in clay and marble1 for several years4 ,this masterful achievement gave him at once high standing in ,europe1 and his work has never since ceased to interest the cultivated public of the world's capitals4 ,then followed an extraordinary 8,norwegian ,stove10 a monumental affair illustrative of ,scandinavian mythology2 and 8,maidenhood0 and the 8,hewer10 two of the finest nudes thus far produced in ,america4 ,the great work of ,barnard's recent years has been the decoration of the ,pennsylvania capitol4 ,it has been said of him that he was 8the only one connected with that building who was not smirched02 but his part is a story of heroism and triumph4 ,the writer has not yet seen the enormous groups in place1 but is familiar with fragments that have won the enthusiastic praise of the best sculptors of ,paris4 ,they are inspiring conceptions which point the way to still mightier achievements in ,american sculpture4 ,,the ,,vigor ,,of ,,bartlett ,illustration3 ,,lafayette1 ,,by ,,bartlett ,in the square before the ,louvre1 ,paris ,paul ,wayland ,bartlett was born in #ahfe of artistic ancestry1 his father being ,truman ,bartlett1 teacher and critic4 ,the boy grew up in ,paris1 entering the ,beaux-,arts at the age of fifteen1 and working also at the ,jardin des ,plantes under the helpful guidance of ,frmiet1 the great animalist4 ,his art has always offered an interesting blend of the two influences1 animal forms appearing in nearly all his compositions4 ,bartlett's first important exhibit was the 8,bohemian ,bear ,trainer02 the second1 the ,indian 8,ghost ,dancer10 shown at the ,chicago ,exposition4 ,soon followed those striking works for the ,congressional ,library1 his 8,columbus0 and 8,michelangelo40 ,the former shows the discoverer in a new light1--no longer the gentle dreamer1 the eloquent pleader1 the enthusiast1 nor yet the silent victim in chains1 but a hero of might and confidence1 hurling proud defiance at his calumniators4 ,the 8,michelangelo0 is1 if possible1 an even more vivid though less vehement presentation of its theme4 ,the short1 gnomelike figure with stumpy legs2 the big1 powerful hands2 the stern face1 rough hewn1 with its frown and tight lips1--all these combine to make this at first sight a not very winning presentation of the great master2 but it has the quality that will outlive all others4 ,it was left to an ,american sculptor to grasp his character profoundly1 and to create an adequate representation of the mighty ,florentine4 ,bartlett's young 8,lafayette0 stands in one of the most coveted sites in all ,paris1 in the square before the ,louvre4 ,it is well worthy of the honor1 and is a monument to the artist's capacity for 8taking pains10 representing as it does many years of study and experiment4 ,bartlett collaborated with ,ward upon the pedimental group of the ,new ,york ,stock ,exchange1 and a logical result of the good work done there was the commission to design the long awaited pediment for the ,house of ,representatives in ,washington1 a gigantic undertaking of great significance1 which is now in progress4 ,to select these six names out of a hundred seems invidious4 ,one wants to talk of ,herbert ,adams and his beautiful busts1 of ,karl ,bitter and all the fine things he has done1 of ,mac,neil and ,grafly and ,aitken and the ,piccirillis and the ,borglums and all the rest1 of the ,boston men1 of the women sculptors1 even of the little western group2 but space fails4 ,they are all working enthusiastically for the love of their art and for the fair fame of ,america4 ,illustration3 ,,black ,,hawk1 ,,by ,,lorado ,,taft ,a concrete work of gigantic proportions1 overlooking ,rock ,river1 ,illinois4 ,,supplementary ,,reading--8,history of ,american ,sculpture10 ,lorado ,taft2 8,american ,masters of ,sculpture10 ,charles ,h4 ,caffin4 ,,magazine ,,articles--8,george ,grey ,barnard1 ,sculptor10 ,g4 ,b4 ,thaw ,world's ,work1 ,december1 #aijb2 8,daniel ,chester ,french1 ,sculptor10 ,lorado ,taft ,brush and ,pencil1 ,vol4 #e2 8,bartlett0 78,some ,american ,artists in ,paris107 ,francis ,keyser1 ,studio1 ,vol4 #ac2 8,frederick ,mac,monnies1 ,sculptor10 ,h4 ,h4 ,grier1 ,brush and ,pencil1 ,vol4 #aj2 8,augustus ,saint ,gaudens10 ,kenyon ,cox1 ,century1 ,vol4 #ac2 8,the ,work of ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,ward10 ,russell ,sturgis1 ,scribner's1 ,vol4 #cb4 ,,the ,,mentor ,,issued ,,semi-,,monthly ,,by ,the ,mentor ,association1 ,inc4 #cha ,fourth ,ave41 ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,vol4 #a ,no4 #cf ,,annual ,,subscription1 ,,four ,,dollars4 ,,single ,,copies ,,twenty ,,cents4 ,,foreign ,,postage1 ,,seventy-,,five ,,cents ,,extra4 ,,canadian ,,postage1 ,,fifty ,,cents ,,extra4 ,,entered ,,at ,,the ,,post ,,office ,,at ,,new ,,york1 ,n4 ,y41 ,,as ,,second-,,class ,,matter4 ,editorial 8,seek knowledge wherever it can be found throughout the world40 ,so spoke ,mutsuhito1 late ,emperor of ,japan4 ,it was a favorite maxim of his1 and one frequently repeated by his subjects4 ,it might well be a legend of ,the ,mentor1 for the wise thought beneath that injunction of the emperor's is just what inspired ,the ,mentor plan4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the method pursued in ,the ,mentor finds1 too1 a striking parallel in ,japanese life4 ,in seeking knowledge and in the enjoyment of beautiful things1 the ,japanese set their minds on 8one thing at a time40 ,their habit of thought and their method of study are such as might be expressed in ,the ,mentor principle1 8,learn one thing every day40 99 99 99 99 99 ,the thoroughness of the ,japanese is well known4 ,their intelligence1 enterprise1 and up-to-dateness have been illustrated many times in the arts of peace and in the science of war4 ,in this one particular principle of concentration in study1 and single mindedness in the enjoyment of beautiful things1 the ,japanese may well be taken as a model for the rest of mankind4 ,my friend ,takashima showed me lately a beautiful vase4 ,it stood on a pedestal in a room that seemed to me empty4 ,simple matting covered the floor2 simply decorated screens covered the walls2 a few pieces of furniture1 equally simple1 were all that the room contained--beside that vase4 8,is it not beautiful80 he said1 and then he gave me its history1 telling me who1 among the early masters of ,chinese pottery1 had designed and shaped this exquisite work of art4 ,i remarked on the reverence that he showed for a single work of art in devoting a room to it alone4 8,enjoy one thing of beauty at a time10 he said4 8,i could not enjoy this vase in a room filled with miscellaneous things4 ,as well go to a shop4 ,the mind would be in chaos--knowing nothing well and appreciating nothing to the full40 99 99 99 99 99 ,such had always been ,takashima's habit4 ,he said it was a habit of his people4 8,why10 he asked1 8should you have more than one thing of beauty in your room at a time8 ,enjoy it to the full4 ,then place something else there1 but1 before removing it1 get out of it all that there is in it of beauty and of knowledge4 ,you cannot do this in the confusion of a room filled with many varied things40 ,the incident was so strikingly in accord with ,the ,mentor idea that it seemed as if ,takashima might the next moment have added the phrase1 8,learn one thing every day40 99 99 99 99 99 ,and so the principle underlying the plan of ,the ,mentor ,association is one approved and exercised by a nation of intelligent people4 ,how many other people follow this direct and simple path to knowledge we cannot say1 but that it is not only the direct and simple way1 but the one satisfying and effective way of acquiring knowledge1 is plain4 ,on that principle ,the ,mentor ,association is founded1 and by following that principle1 the members of the ,association can add day by day to their store of knowledge1 and can fully and intelligently enjoy the beautiful things in art4 ,illustration3 ,,copyright #aijc ,,the ,,macmillan ,,co ,,henry ,,ward ,,beecher--,,john ,,quincy ,,adams ,,ward ,,reproduced ,,from 8,,american ,,sculpture0 ,,by ,,lorado ,,taft ,famous ,american ,sculptors ,,john ,,quincy ,,adams ,,ward ,monograph ,number ,one in ,the ,mentor ,reading ,course ,the life of ,john ,quincy ,adams ,ward was a long record of dignified success4 ,born in the beginning of the last century1 at the time when ,american sculpture was in a very elementary stage1 he lived to see this art mature into something of which our country may well be proud4 ,quiet simplicity and impressiveness of mass characterize ,ward's work4 ,everything he did was big and effective4 ,john ,quincy ,adams ,ward was born on ,june #bi1 #ahcj1 near ,urbana1 ,ohio4 ,he was a boy that enjoyed play2 but he did not neglect his work4 ,he loved the open air4 ,riding1 hunting or fishing--he liked them all4 ,he received his education in the village schools4 ,one day the young boy found some clay on his father's farm4 ,he took a handful of it and modeled the face of an old negro who lived nearby4 ,everyone who saw this early attempt said that it was 8wonderful40 ,it may have been4 ,at any rate1 ,ward did not immediately begin to dream of becoming a great sculptor4 ,in this he differed from most beginners whose first work is called great by their friends4 ,not until he was nineteen years old did he really find out his destiny4 ,in #ahdi he paid a visit to a sister in ,brooklyn4 ,one day he happened to pass the studio of the sculptor ,h4 ,k4 ,browne4 ,the door of the studio was open1 and ,ward glanced inside4 ,the scene fascinated him4 ,he returned to the place again and again4 ,finally he found his way into this world of mystery1 and at length by some miracle became one of the sculptor's pupils4 ,it would have been hard for ,ward to have found a better master in all ,america4 ,he studied under ,browne from #ahej to #aheg4 ,he learned everything1 from kneading clay to marble carving4 ,by #ahfa1 when he opened a studio of his own in ,new ,york ,city1 he had executed busts of ,joshua ,r4 ,giddings1 ,alexander ,h4 ,stephens1 and ,hannibal ,hamlin1 prepared the first sketch for 8,the ,indian ,hunter10 his great work now in ,central ,park1 ,new ,york ,city1 and made studies among the ,indians themselves for this work4 ,from that time on success was his4 ,he worked hard and conscientiously4 ,his statues of ,washington1 ,beecher1 and ,horace ,greeley are all recognized as great pieces of portrait sculpture4 ,unlike many of the early sculptors of ,america1 he acquired his training1 his inspirations1 and his themes from his own country4 ,when the ,national ,sculpture ,society was organized in ,new ,york in #ahif1 ,ward was elected to be the first president4 ,he died in ,new ,york ,city on ,may #a1 #aiaj4 ,,prepared ,,by ,,the ,,editorial ,,staff ,,of ,,the ,,mentor ,,association ,,illustration ,,for ,,the ,,mentor4 ,,vol4 #a4 ,no4 #cf ,,serial ,no4 #cf ,,copyright #aiac1 ,,by ,,the ,,mentor ,,association1 ,,inc4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,shaw ,,memorial--,,augustus ,,saint-,,gaudens ,famous ,american ,sculptors ,,augustus ,,saint ,,gaudens ,monograph ,number ,two in ,the ,mentor ,reading ,course ,st4 ,gaudens is the name of a little town in the south of ,france and close to the foot of the ,pyrenees4 ,a humble shoemaker named ,bernard ,paul ,ernest dwelt there1 and in #ahdh1 after he had moved to ,dublin1 ,ireland1 he had a son1 to whom he gave the name ,augustus4 ,the mother of the boy was a native of ,dublin2 her maiden name was ,mary ,mc,guinness4 ,such was the origin of a master in sculpture1 ,augustus ,saint ,gaudens4 ,his parents came to ,america when he was an infant1 and after a short stay in ,boston took up their residence in ,new ,york ,city4 ,augustus ,saint ,gaudens attended school until he was thirteen4 ,then he was apprenticed to a cameo cutter named ,avet4 ,after three years' service he left his master and found employment with a shell cameo cutter named ,le ,breton1 with whom he worked for several years4 ,during this time young ,saint ,gaudens was studying drawing at night2 first at ,cooper ,union1 and then for two years at the ,national ,academy of ,design4 ,augustus ,saint ,gaudens was always a thoughtful1 quiet youth1 with extraordinary power of concentration4 ,he pursued the art of modeling with great enthusiasm4 ,it was said of him that his sense of form and of objects in relief was so vivid that with his eyes closed he could fairly 8see with his fingers40 ,his cameo cutting naturally assisted him in the perfection of art in high and low relief4 ,when twenty years old ,saint ,gaudens was already a well trained artist4 ,he went to ,paris and worked in the ,school of ,fine ,arts in the studio of ,m4 ,jouffroy4 ,there he studied the human figure in all phases1 and quickly mastered it4 ,a residence of several years in ,italy followed1 with constant art activity and steady artistic growth4 ,he came back to the ,united ,states in #ahgd1 and his first work was a bust in marble of ,william ,m4 ,evarts4 ,then came a commission for a large decorative relief for ,st4 ,thomas' ,church1 ,new ,york ,city1 and in #ahgh he began work on the statue of ,admiral ,farragut that now stands in ,madison ,square1 ,new ,york ,city1 which is one of the most widely known and admired of all his works4 ,the years that followed were full of distinguished achievements4 ,his 8,lincoln10 which was unveiled in ,lincoln ,park1 ,chicago1 in #ahhg1 has been hailed as the greatest portrait statue in the ,united ,states4 ,saint ,gaudens was not only the most skilful of ,american sculptors1 but also the most versatile4 ,this will be appreciated by anyone who looks first at the ,farragut statue1 then at the severe1 imposing character of ,deacon ,chapin1 a statue that is often called 8,the ,puritan40 ,let him then contrast the stirring ,shaw ,memorial1 on ,boston ,common1 with the strange1 mysteriously beautiful figure in ,rock ,creek ,cemetery1 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 that has been called variously 8,grief10 8,death10 and 8,the ,peace of ,god40 ,saint ,gaudens enjoyed the distinction of being ,america's leading sculptor for many years before he died4 ,his life was crowned with honors1 sweetened by many fine friendships1 and enriched and mellowed by broad1 liberal1 mature art intelligence4 ,he was a great master of art in thought and in expression4 ,he died in ,new ,york ,city in #aijg4 ,,prepared ,,by ,,the ,,editorial ,,staff ,,of ,,the ,,mentor ,,association ,,illustration ,,for ,,the ,,mentor4 ,,vol4 #a4 ,no4 #cf ,,serial ,no4 #cf ,,copyright #aiac1 ,,by ,,the ,,mentor ,,association1 ,,inc4 ,illustration3 ,,death ,,and ,,the ,,young ,,sculptor4 ,,by ,,daniel ,,chester ,,french ,famous ,american ,sculptors ,,daniel ,,chester ,,french ,monograph ,number ,three in ,the ,mentor ,reading ,course ,nature smiled on ,daniel ,chester ,french4 ,all the circumstances of his birth and breeding conspired to help his development4 ,he was born at ,exeter1 ,new ,hampshire1 in #ahej4 ,among many well known relatives he numbered ,daniel ,webster and ,john ,greenleaf ,whittier4 ,his ancestors were men who stood high in the communities in which they lived4 ,his father was a lawyer1 a judge1 and assistant secretary of the ,united ,states treasury4 ,he was always interested in public welfare1 and was known for his good taste and good works4 ,his descendants said that he 8beautified every place in which he lived40 ,daniel ,chester ,french showed ability at an early age1 but no particular leaning toward sculpture4 ,he was simply a bright1 good-looking boy1 with a liking for outdoor life and exercise4 ,one day1 when about nineteen years old1 during a period of work on his father's farm1 he showed his parents a queer figure of a frog that he had cut out of a turnip2 8,daniel1 there is your career60 were the words that expressed the feelings of both father and mother4 ,the farm was near ,concord4 ,there dwelt ,miss ,may ,alcott1 the 8,amy0 of 8,little ,women10 and an artist of some ability4 ,she encouraged young ,french in his study of drawing and modeling1 and he plunged into his art career with an enthusiasm that bordered on boyish frenzy4 ,his nature was ardent and poetic1 and it carried him into forms of expression that were doomed to disappointment4 ,the best thing for him was a visit that he made to the veteran sculptor ,j4 ,q4 ,a4 ,ward4 ,this took place when he was staying with relatives in ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 and it opened the boy's eyes to the fuller meaning of sculpture4 ,months of earnest work followed1 during which ,daniel ,french's talents rapidly ripened4 ,when he was only twenty-three years old he received a commission of real national importance1 that of modeling the statue of 8,the ,minute ,man40 ,this interesting piece of sculpture1 now well known1 was unveiled at ,concord in #ahge4 ,in celebration of it ,ralph ,waldo ,emerson and ,george ,william ,curtis made speeches1 and ,james ,russell ,lowell read a poem4 ,at this time ,daniel ,french had sailed for ,italy1 where he remained for a period in study4 ,in #ahgi he modeled a bust of ,emerson from life--a work so vivid and lifelike that the poet-philosopher said1 8,the more it resembles me1 the worse it looks10 and then added1 with a nod of approval1 8,that is the face that ,i shave40 ,french's art took rapid strides4 ,he is known today equally well by his fine portrait busts and his great allegorical compositions4 ,one of the most imposing of his compositions is the great heroic female figure entitled 8,alma ,mater10 seated at the approach to the library of ,columbia ,university1 ,new ,york4 ,no ,american sculptor is better known than ,mr4 ,french in his home land or abroad4 ,he bears high honors on both continents4 ,,prepared ,,by ,,the ,,editorial ,,staff ,,of ,,the ,,mentor ,,association ,,illustration ,,for ,,the ,,mentor4 ,,vol4 #a4 ,no4 #cf ,,serial ,no4 #cf ,,copyright #aiac1 ,,by ,,the ,,mentor ,,association1 ,,inc4 ,illustration3 ,,copyright #aijc ,,the ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,nathan ,,hale--,,frederick ,,macmonnies ,,reproduced ,,from 8,,american ,,sculpture0 ,,by ,,lorado ,,taft ,famous ,american ,sculptors ,,frederick ,,macmonnies ,monograph ,number ,four in ,the ,mentor ,reading ,course ,to many ,americans the name of ,frederick ,mac,monnies became known by the imposing ,columbian ,fountain at the ,chicago ,world's ,fair in #ahic4 ,the composition was a majestic barge1 on which ,columbia sat enthroned on high4 ,at the prow was a fine figure of ,fame with trumpet upraised4 ,on the stern ,father ,time watched the progress of the barge1 which was urged on by the oars of eight women of great beauty representing the ,arts and ,industries4 ,the work had style1 and it was also imposing in its massed effect4 ,mac,monnies was only twenty-seven years old when this commission was given to him in #ahia4 ,he got it largely through the influence of his instructor1 ,augustus ,saint ,gaudens4 ,all the summer of #ahic people were asking about the young sculptor4 ,they found that he was born in ,brooklyn1 ,new ,york1 in #ahfc1 of ,scottish parentage4 ,he came by an art inheritance from one of his parents at least1--his mother1 ,juliana ,eudora ,west1 a niece of the famous early ,american painter1 ,benjamin ,west4 ,frederick ,mac,monnies had to leave school when a mere boy and earn his living as clerk in a jewelry store4 ,he found time to study there1 and when he was sixteen years old he attracted the notice of ,saint ,gaudens1 who took him into his studio as an apprentice4 ,that was the beginning of ,mac,monnies' fame4 ,he could scarcely realize at that age what a few years' training under ,saint ,gaudens would mean4 ,he worked hard in the studio and in the classes of the ,academy of ,design and ,art ,students' ,league2 so that when in #ahhd he was able to go abroad he had a ground knowledge of modeling that fitted him to make the most of his study in foreign schools4 ,he had been in the fullest sense 8put in right0 by ,saint ,gaudens4 ,through all the years of his study he had the advantage of close1 familiar association with the greatest artists of this country and some of those abroad4 ,mac,monnies went at once to ,paris and joined the ,school of ,fine ,arts1 where he made friends1 and his progress was rapid4 ,back and forth he went during the next few years1 from ,paris to ,new ,york1 according as his means and his plans of work required4 ,he got his first commission in #ahhi1--;an order for three life-sized angel figures in bronze for ,saint ,paul's ,church1 ,new ,york ,city4 ,this brought him commendation1 and1 with the help of the great ,saint ,gaudens1 other commissions were placed in his hands1 notably the ,nathan ,hale statue1 which stands in ,city ,hall ,park1 ,new ,york ,city1 and the portrait statue of ,james ,s4 ,t4 ,stranahan of ,brooklyn4 ,these works preceded the ,columbian ,fountain1 and since ,mac,monnies' name has come to be known they are counted among his most admired creations4 ,in #ahid the famous ,bacchante appeared1--the dancing1 laughing girl that attracted so much public comment for a time4 ,mr4 ,mac,monnies is known by many figures and compositions in public places1 notably the groups in bronze of the ,army and the ,navy on the ,brooklyn ,memorial ,arch at the entrance to ,prospect ,park4 ,,prepared ,,by ,,the ,,editorial ,,staff ,,of ,,the ,,mentor ,,association ,,illustration ,,for ,,the ,,mentor4 ,,vol4 #a4 ,no4 #cf ,,serial ,no4 #cf ,,copyright #aiac1 ,,by ,,the ,,mentor ,,association1 ,,inc4 ,illustration3 ,,the ,,two ,,natures1 ,,by ,,george ,,grey ,,barnard ,famous ,american ,sculptors ,,george ,,grey ,,barnard ,monograph ,number ,five in ,the ,mentor ,reading ,course ,success is deserved by hard work1 although it does not always follow4 ,but in the case of ,george ,grey ,barnard hard work combined with genius made him one of the great sculptors of ,america1 and one of whom this country may well be proud4 ,george ,grey ,barnard was born at ,bellefonte1 ,pennsylvania1 on ,may #bd1 #ahfc4 ,his father was a clergyman at ,muscatine1 ,iowa1 where the sculptor passed his boyhood4 ,he delighted in stuffing the skins of birds and animals1 and became quite an expert taxidermist4 ,he also liked to model animals2 and a bust of his little sister convinced his family that he should turn his talents to some trade in which he could make a good living4 ,so he became apprentice to an engraver4 ,later he moved to ,chicago4 ,here it was that the first desire to become a sculptor entered his mind4 ,for a long time he debated the question4 ,if he remained at his trade1 he could rest assured of a good income all his life2 while if he decided to study sculpture1 he would practically have to starve for a few years4 ,at last he entered the ,art ,institute of ,chicago4 ,he had been there about a year and a half1 when a bust of a little girl brought him three hundred and fifty dollars4 ,he decided to go to ,paris on this small sum4 ,he set off in #ahhc1 and began study in the ,atelier ,cavelier of the ,beaux ,arts4 ,barnard worked hard1 and denied himself all the luxuries1 and even many of the necessities of life4 ,his first year in ,paris cost him just eighty-nine dollars1 so it can be imagined what self-denial the young man must have practised for the sake of his art4 ,barnard took life seriously2 but he never complained4 ,his first noteworthy production was 8,the ,boy10 which he finished in marble in #ahhe4 ,the following year he made a heroic-sized statue of ,cain1 which he afterward destroyed4 8,brotherly ,love10 a tombstone executed at the order of a ,norwegian1 he modeled in #ahhg4 ,this was the best thing he had done up to that time4 ,other works followed in rapid succession1--8,the ,two ,natures10 in the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,new ,york ,city2 8,the ,norwegian ,stove10 an allegorical fireplace2 8,the ,god ,pan10 in ,central ,park1 ,new ,york ,city2 8,the ,hewer10 at ,cairo1 ,illinois2 8,the ,rose ,maiden10 and the simple and graceful 8,maidenhood40 ,all of these were successful1 and in #aijb ,barnard received the reward for all his hardships and struggles4 ,he was selected to execute all the sculptured decorations for the new capitol for the state of ,pennsylvania at ,harrisburg4 ,and the work he did there promises even greater from this sculptor in the future4 ,,prepared ,,by ,,the ,,editorial ,,staff ,,of ,,the ,,mentor ,,association ,,illustration ,,for ,,the ,,mentor4 ,,vol4 #a4 ,no4 #cf ,,serial ,no4 #cf ,,copyright #aiac1 ,,by ,,the ,,mentor ,,association1 ,,inc4 ,illustration3 ,,copyright1 #aijb4 ,,detroit ,,photo ,,co4 ,,primitive ,,man4 ,,by ,,paul ,,wayland ,,bartlett ,famous ,american ,sculptors ,,paul ,,wayland ,,bartlett ,monograph ,number ,six in ,the ,mentor ,reading ,course ,everyone knows the saying1 8,genius is the capacity for taking infinite pains40 ,if this adage is true1 then ,paul ,wayland ,bartlett is a great genius2 for in everything this sculptor does he pays the closest attention to details4 ,he attends personally to every part of his work4 ,and this 8capacity for taking pains0 accounts largely for his success4 ,paul ,wayland ,bartlett was born amid scholarly surroundings at ,new ,haven1 ,connecticut1 in #ahfe4 ,he was the son of ,truman ,h4 ,bartlett of ,boston1 an art critic and sculptor4 ,many years ago ,bartlett and his mother went to live in ,paris4 ,here the young man found his vocation4 ,when he was only fifteen years old he entered the cole des ,beaux ,arts4 ,he quickly became an excellent modeler4 ,he worked hard1 and in addition took up a course on animal sculpture4 ,as he could thus help other sculptors as an animal specialist1 he was able to earn money to carry on his studies4 ,bartlett tells about the time when he and a friend1 ,m4 ,gardet1 used to go around 8doing animals0 wherever they got the opportunity4 ,among the modernized decorations of the ,porte ,st4 ,denis is a lion1 8fierce and terrible10 which is the work of his hands4 ,an 8,orpheus0 in the ,luxembourg has attached to it a three-headed dog that he modeled4 ,and he created on one occasion for the ,exposition of ,amsterdam an elephant of gigantic proportions4 ,bartlett lived during this time in a quaint little street off the ,rue de ,vaugirard1 where he had a little vine-covered studio4 ,it was there that he began 8,the ,bear ,tamer10 which is now in bronze in the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,new ,york ,city4 ,he spent a year upon it1 and then became dissatisfied with it and spent another year in changing the composition4 ,many works followed this successful effort4 ,first appeared the 8,ghost ,dancer10 a vicious looking savage4 ,then came the equestrian statue of ,lafayette1 presented to the ,french republic by the school children of ,america2 the powerful and virile ,columbus1 and the ,michelangelo1 both of which are in the ,congressional ,library at ,washington2 the lifelike 8,dying ,lion10 and many others4 ,besides these works ,bartlett has modeled beetles1 fishes1 reptiles1 and crustaceans4 ,here his skill with patinas 7the coloring of bronzes7 is shown4 ,a wealth of color is seen in his small figures of beetles and snakes4 ,bartlett's work is not finished4 ,more and greater is still to come4 ,no man is better equipped for his work than he4 ,,prepared ,,by ,,the ,,editorial ,,staff ,,of ,,the ,,mentor ,,association ,,illustration ,,for ,,the ,,mentor4 ,,vol4 #a4 ,no4 #cf ,,serial ,no4 #cf ,,copyright #aiac1 ,,by ,,the ,,mentor ,,association1 ,,inc4