,transcrib]'s ,note4 ,app>5t errors 9 ma!matical expressions h be5 reta9$1 al?\gh app>5t typographical errors else:]e 9 ! text h be5 correct$4 ,inconsi/5cies 9 hyph5ation h be5 reta9$4 ,gesp]rt font has be5 cond5s$4 ,small capitals h be5 replac$ by full capitals4 ,brackets ext5d+ ov] sev]al columns h be5 replac$ by columns ( /&>d brackets4 ,words t are /ack$ "o ov] ! o!r are r5d]$ ?us3 upp]l[]4 ,italicis$ text is indicat$ by und]scores4 ,:]e an italicis$ s5t5ce or p>agraph includes a ^w 9 ordim>y font ?is is also indicat$ by und]scores4 ,ma!matical v>iables are usually italicis$4 ,9 ord] to avoid an excessive numb] ( und]scores1 & :]e x is possible )\t ambiguity1 complete ma!matical expressions h in/ead be5 encas$ 9 und]scores4 ,^! usually ext5d ov] ma!matical op]ators 7su* z 71 or ,greek *>act]s1 t are n italicis$4 ,! m complex ma!matical expressions h be5 sep>at$ out f ! surr\nd+ text4 ,fif? roots & n? roots are indicat$ by & respectively4 ,! decimal po9t may be indicat$ by a 4 or 1 :ile illu/rations are ref]r$ to z a ,plate or a ,tab4 ,! ,table ( ,disc\rses has be5 am5d$ to include "o omitt$ title & to correct errone\s page numb]s4 ,illu/ration1 probably ( ,*>les ,,ii3 ,m3 ,v ,gu*t ,sculp3 ,miscellanea ,curiosa4 ,,conta9+ ,a ,,collection ,( "s ( ! ,pr9cipal ,,ph,,nom5a ,,9 ,,nature1 ,acc\nt$ = by ! ,greate/ ,philosoph]s ( ?is ,age2 ,,be+ ,,! ,mo/ ,valuable ,,disc\rses1 ,read & ,deliv]$ to ! ,,royal ,,society1 = ! ,advancem5t ( ,physical & ,ma!matical ,k4 ,z also a ,collection ( ,curi\s ,travels1 ,voyages1 ,antiquities1 & ,natural ,hi/ories ( ,c\ntries2 ,pres5t$ to ! same ,society4 ,9 ,?ree ,,volumes4 ,! ,second ,edition2 ,to :i* is add$1 ,a ,disc\rse ( ! ,influ5ce ( ! ,sun & ,moon on ,humane ,bodies1 c4 ,by ,r4 ,,mead1 ,m4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,& also ,font5elle's ,preface ( ! ,usefulness ( ,ma!matical ,le>n+4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,london3 ,pr9t$ by ,f4 ,m4 = ,r4 ,smi?1 at ! ,bible "u ! ,piazza ( ! ,royal ,ex*ange 9 ,cornhill4 #agjh4 ,,to ,,! ,,read]4 ,"s ( ! ,pr9cipal ,discov]ies & ,enquiries1 bo? 9 ,physical & ,ma!matical ,le>n+1 be+ regi/]'d 9 ! ,volum9\s ,j\rnals ( ! ,royal ,society1 are among/ a multitude ( less useful ,matt]s1 s ,obscurely hid1 t b v few inquisitive ,g5tlem5 ev] s mu* z he>d ( !m4 ,! ,design !re=e ( ! ensu+ ,collection1 is to dige/ 9 a conv5i5t ,me?od1 all ! mo/ curi\s ,philosophical & ,ma!matical ,discov]ies1 z !y are to be met )1 :i* may any way t5d to ! ,use ( ,life or ,advancem5t ( ,arts & ,sci5ces4 ,& on ?is ,occasion1 x w be conv5i5t to intimate to ! ,read]2 ,fir/1 ,t ! ,!ories & ,disc\rses "h collect$1 h already pa/ ! ,c5sure ( ! ,le>n$ ,_w3 ,:o h ackn[leg'd !m ! mo/ satisfactory ,acc\nts ( ,nature's ,proce$+s1 :]e9 "s ( h] greate/ ,dep?s are fa?om'd1 & a ,f\ndation laid = ,po/]ity to build an inf9ite ,sup]/ructure4 ,secondly1 ,t !y are relat$ 7,v]batim7 j z !y 7 deliv]$ 91 or read be=e ! ,royal ,society3 ,= x has be5 ! ,op9ion ( ! mo/ ,judici\s among ^? ,hon\rable ,memb]s1 t x is impossible s to abridge !m1 7:i* are b ,abridgm5ts !mselves7 z n to r5d] !m obscure & un9telligible4 ,a ,,table ,,( ,,! ,disc\rses conta9'd 9 ?is ,volume4 ,an ,e/imate ( ! ,quantity ( ,vap\rs rais$ out ( ! ,sea1 z d]iv$ f ,exp]im5t3 ,toge!r ) an ,acc\nt ( ! ,circulation ( ! wat'ry ,vap\rs ( ! ,sea1 & ( ! ,cause ( ,spr+s4 ,pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,pag4 #a ,! ,true ,!ory ( ! ,tides1 extract$ f t admir$ ,treatise ( ,mr4 ,isaac ,newton1 ,intitul$ ,philosophi ,naturalis ,pr9cipia ,ma!matica2 be+ a ,disc\rse pres5t$ ) t ,book to ! late ,k+ ,james1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #ac ,a ,!ory ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magnetical ,compass1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #bg ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,cause ( ! ,*ange ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magnetical ,ne$le1 ) an ,hypo!sis ( ! ,/ructure ( ! ,int]nal ,p>ts ( ! ,e>?2 z x 0 pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society 9 "o ( _! late ,meet+s1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #dc ,an ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ! ,trade-,w9ds & ,monsoons1 obs]vable 9 ! ,seas betwe5 & ne> ! ,tropicks2 ) an ,attempt to assign ! ,physical ,cause ( ! said ,w9ds1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #fa ,a ,disc\rse ( ! ,rule ( ! ,decrease ( ! ,heigh? ( ! ,m]cury 9 ! ,b>omet]1 accord+ z ,places are elevat$ above ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?2 ) an ,attempt to discov] ! true ,reason ( ! ris+ & fall+ ( ! ,m]cury1 ^u ,*ange ( ,wea!r1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #ha ,a ,lett] f ,mr4 ,isaac ,newton1 :ile ,pr(essor ( ! ,ma!maticks 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge2 conta9+ 8 new ,!ory ab\t ,light & ,col\rs3 ,s5t f ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #f4 #afga_/gb4 9 ord] to be communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society4 #ig ,a f>!r ,explanation ( ! same ,!ory4 #aad ,a ,demon/ration conc]n+ ! ,motion ( ,light1 communicat$ f ,p>is4 #aah ,an ,introductory ,essay to ! ,doctr9e ( ,s\nds1 conta9+ "s ,proposals = ! ,improvem5t ( ,ac\/icks2 z x 0 pres5t$ to ! ,dubl9 ,society1 by ! ,"r ,rev]5d ,fa!r 9 ,god ,n>cissus1 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,f]ns & ,leighl94 #aba ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,mod]n ,!ory ( ,g5]ation1 by ,dr4 ,geo4 ,g>d51 ( ,ab]de51 be+ "p ( a ,lett] to ,dr4 ,william ,musgrave1 ,l4 ,l4 ,d4 ,reg4 ,soc4 ,s4 & by him communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society4 #adb ,a %ort ,disc\rse conc]n+ ,concoction ,read at a ,meet+ ( ! ,royal ,society1 by ,clopton ,hav]s1 ,m4 ,d4 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society4 #aec ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ "s ,influ5ce ( ,respiration on ! ,motion ( ! ,he>t hi!rto unobs]v$4 ,by ,j4 ,drake1 ,m4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 #aga ,"s ,?\ghts & ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ,vegetation4 ,by ,john ,woodw>d1 ,m4 ,d4 ( ! ,college ( ,physicians & ,royal ,society1 & ,pr(essor ( ,physick 9 ,gre%am-,college4 #bjc ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,measure ( ,gold ^u ,gilt ,wire2 toge!r ) a ,demon/ration ( ! exce$+ ,m9ut5ess ( ! ,atoms1 or con/itu5t ,p>ts ( ,gold2 z x 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #bdc ,an ,acc\nt ( ! sev]al ,species ( ,inf9ite ,quantity1 & ( ! ,proportions !y be> "o to ! o!r2 z x 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society1 by ,e4 ,halley4 #bdf ,an ,acc\nt ( ,dr4 ,rob]t ,hook's ,inv5tion ( ! ,m>9e ,b>omet]1 ) x's ,description & ,uses4 ,publi%$ by ,ord] ( ! ,royal ,society by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #bej ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,proportional ,heat ( ! ,sun 9 all ,latitudes2 ) ! ,me?od ( collect+ ! same1 z x 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society 9 "o ( _! late ,meet+s1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #bef ,conc]n+ ! ,di/ance ( ! ,fix$ ,/>s1 by ! ,hon\rable ,fran4 ,rob]ts1 ,esq2 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 #bfe ,mr4 ,isaac ,newton's ,!ory ( ! ,moon4 #bfh ,an e/imate ( ! ,degrees ( ! ,mortality ( ,mank9d1 drawn f ,curi\s ,tables ( ,bir?s & ,fun]als at ! ,city ( ,breslaw2 ) an ,attempt to asc]ta9 ! ,price ( ,annuities ^u ,lives1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #bhj ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ,gravity1 & its ,prop]ties1 :]e9 ! ,desc5t ( ,heavy ,bodies1 & ! ,motion ( ,projects is briefly1 b fully h&l$3 ,toge!r ) ! ,solution ( a ,problem ( great ,use 9 ,gunn]y1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #cjb ,a ,proposition ( ,g5]al ,use 9 ! ,art ( ,gunn]y1 %ew+ ! ,rule ( lay+ a ,mort> to pass1 9 ord] to /rike any ,object above or bel[ ! ,horizon1 by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley4 #cbf ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,measure ( ! ,air's ,resi/ance to ,bodies mov$ 9 x4 ,by ! ,le>n$ ,john ,wallis1 ,s4 ,t4 ,d4 & ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 #ccb ,an ,in/ance ( ! ,excell5cy ( ! ,mod]n ,algebra1 9 ! ,resolution ( ! ,problem ( f9d+ ! ,foci ( ,optick ,glasses univ]sally4 ,by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley1 ,s4 ,r4 ,s4 #cdh ,,app5dix4 ,an ,analytical ,resolution ( c]ta9 ,equations ( ! #c;d1 #e?1 #g?1 #i? ,p[]s1 & s on ad ,inf9itum1 9 f9ite ,t]ms1 aft] ! mann] ( ,c>dan's ,rules = ,cubicks4 ,by ,mr4 ,a4 ,moivre1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 #cfe ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,action ( ! ,sun & ,moon on ,animal ,bodies2 & ! ,influ5ce :i* ?is may h 9 _m ,diseases4 ,by ,ri*>d ,mead1 ,m4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 #cga ,a ,translation ( ,"p ( ,monsieur ,font5elle's ,preface to ! ,memoirs ( ! ,royal ,academy at ,p>is1 9 ! ,ye> #afii4 treat+ ( ! ,usefulness ( ,ma!matical ,le>n+4 ,b to :at purpose %\ld ,p become fond ( ! ,ma!maticks & ,natural ,philosophy4 ,( :at use are ! ,transactions ( ! ,academy8 ,^! are common ,que/ions1 :i* mo/ d n b>ely propose z ,que/ions2 & x w n be improp] to cle> !m4 ,p v readily call useless1 :at !y d n und]/&4 ,x is a sort ( ,rev5ge2 & z ! ,ma!maticks & ,natural ,philosophy are kn[n b by few1 !y are g5]ally look'd ^u z useless4 ,! reason ( ?is is2 because !y are crabb$ & n easily le>nt4 ,we h a ,moon to light u 9 ! ,night2 ,:at is x to u1 say !y1 :e!r ,jupit] ha? f\r8 ,:y s _m labori\s ,obs]vations1 s _m t$i\s ,calculations to "k exactly _! ,c\rse8 ,!y'll n af=d u ! m ,light = x2 & ,nature1 :i* ha? plac'd ^! little ,planets )\t ! rea* ( our ,eyes1 do? n seem to h made !m = u4 ,accord+ to ?is plausible ,argum5t !y ought n to h be5 obs]v'd ) a ,telescope1 nor /udy'd4 ,b x is c]ta91 t we _h be5 consid]able ,loos]s by x3 ,= ^? :o h "s insight into ! ,pr9ciples ( ,geography & ,navigation "k1 t s9ce ^! f\r ,moons ab\t ,jupit] h be5 discov]'d1 !y h be5 m useful to ^? ,sci5ces ?an our own ,moon2 & t !y s]ve1 & %all m & m s]ve to make new ,sea-,*>ts1 inf9itely m exact ?an ! ,old2 & are likely to save ! ,lives ( a va/ _m ,seam54 ,did we reap no o!r advantage f ,a/ronomy ?an ?is f ^! ,satellites ( ,jupit]1 t w\'d be suffici5t to ju/ifie ^? prodigi\s ,calculations1 ^? assidu\s & nice ,obs]vations1 ?is great numb] ( elaborate ,in/rum5ts1 & ?is ,noble ,edifice built only = ?is ,sci5ce4 ,h[ev] ! greate/ "p ( ,mank9d "k no?+ ( ^! ,satellites ( ,jupit]1 unless p]haps by he>-say1 & t too confus$ly2 or else !y are ignorant ( :at ,aff9ity !y h ) ,navigation1 or ( ! great ,improvem5ts :i* h be5 lately made 9 x4 ,?is is ! ,fate ( ,sci5ces1 :i* are /udy'd & improv'd by few4 ,mo/ ,p are n s5sible ( _! ,progress1 & especially :5 made 9 "s mean ,call+s4 ,b :at do? x signifie1 t we c n[ m easily direct ! ,c\rse ( ,riv]s1 cut out ,canals1 & settle new ,navigations2 because our ,me?od ( tak+ ! ,level & mak+ ,sluces is inf9itely bett] ?an h]et(ore8 ,"s ,masons & ,seam5 h !reby f\nd _! ,bus9ess easi]1 b !y !mselves 7 n s5sible ( ! ,skill ( ! ,geometrician :o direct$ !m4 ,!y 7 mov'd1 z ! ,body by a ,s\l1 x do? n "k4 ,o!rs are yet less s5sible ( ! ,g5ius t presid$ ov] ! ,und]tak+2 & ! ,_w is ! bett] = its succe$+ well1 b n altoge!r free f ,+ratitude4 ,anatomy1 :i* is "s "t s9ce s c>efully /udy'd1 c't become m exact1 b ,*yrurgical ,op]ations mu/ also be m sure4 ,surgeons "k ?is2 b ^? :o receive ! ,b5efit ( _! ,art "k no?+ ( x4 ,& inde$ h[ %\ld !y8 ,!y w\ld be oblig'd to comp>e ,old ) ,mod]n ,surg]y2 & ?is w\'d take too mu* ,"t1 & g aga9/ ! ,gra93 ,s t s9ce ! ,op]ation ha? succe$$ well1 !y d n ?9k x mat]ial to "k :e!r x _h succe$$ z well 9 ano!r ,c5tury4 ,x is /range t s _m ?+s are be=e our ,eyes1 & t we d n see !m4 ,y\r ,h&ycraft ,%ops are full ( +5i\s ,works2 b yet we h>dly m9d !m3 ,& v useful & well contriv'd ,in/rum5ts & ,exp]im5ts want ,spectators1 :o w\'d be wond]fully pleas'd1 w\'d !y take ! pa9s to admire !m4 ,if a ,le>n$ ,society h made "s ,improvem5ts 9 ,geometry1 ,anatomy1 ,me*anicks1 or any o!r useful ,sci5ce1 x mu/ n be expect$1 t ! ,_w w g back to s remote a ,spr+ to ?ank & applaud !m = ! ,usefulness ( _! ,productions3 ,= x w be m easie to enjoy ! ,b5efit ( _! ,discov]ies & ,improvem5ts ?an to "k !m4 ,! ,det]m9ation ( ,longitude by ! ,satellites1 ! ,discov]y ( ! ,ductus ,?oracicus1 a m conv5i5t1 & m exact ,level1 are n ,novelties s fit to make a noise z a pleasant ,poem1 or a h&some ,piece ( ,oratory4 ,al?o' ! ,usefulness ( ,ma!maticks & ,natural ,philosophy is obscure1 yet x is real4 ,to consid] ,mank9d 9 _! ,natural ,/ate1 no?+ is m useful to !m1 ?an :at may pres]ve _! ,lives1 & produce ^? ,arts1 :i* are bo? great ,helps & ,ornam5ts to ,publick ,societies4 ,z = :at conc]ns ! ,pres]vation ( ,life1 x peculi>ly belongs to ,physick2 :i* = t reason is divid$ 9 ! ,academy into ?ree ,bran*es1 :i* make ?ree diff]5t sorts ( ,memb]s ( ?is ,society1 ,anatomy1 ,*ymi/ry1 & ,botanicks4 ,e ,body kn[s ( :at ,importance x is to h an exact ,k ( ,human ,body1 & ( :at ,m$ic9es may be extract$ f ,m9]als & ,plants4 ,z = ,arts1 too t$i\s to be reckon'd1 !y dep5d "s ^u ,natural ,philosophy1 o!rs ^u ,ma!maticks4 ,"o w\'d ?9k at fir/1 t if ! ,ma!maticks 7 to be conf9'd to :at is useful 9 !m1 !y ought only to be improv'd 9 ^? ?+s1 :i* h an imm$iate & s5sible aff9ity ) ,arts1 & ! re/ ought to be neglect$ z a ,va9 ,!ory4 ,b ?is w\'d be a v wrong ,notion4 ,z = ,in/ance1 ! ,art ( ,navigation ha? a necess>y ,connexion ) ,a/ronomy1 & ,a/ronomy c nev] be too mu* improv'd = ! ,b5efit ( ,navigation4 ,a/ronomy _c be )\t ,opticks by reason ( ,p]spective ,glasses2 & bo?1 z all o!r ,p>ts ( ,ma!maticks1 are gr\nd$ ^u ,geometry1 & to g z f> z y c1 ev5 ^u ,algebra4 ,geometry1 & especially ,algebra1 are ! ,keys ( all ! ,inquiries1 t c be made conc]n+ ,magnitude4 ,^! ,sci5ces :i* are only conv]sant ab\t ab/ruse ,relations1 & simple ,ideas1 may seem dry & b>r51 :il/ !y keep )9 ! ,v]ge ( ! ,intellectual ,_w2 b mixt ,ma!maticks1 :i* /oop to ,matt]1 & consid] ! ,motion ( ! ,/>s1 ! ,augm5tation ( mov+ ,=ces1 ! diff]5t ,passages ( ! ,rays ( ,light ?r\gh diff]5t ,m$iums2 ! diff]5t ,effects ( ,s\nd by ! ,vibration ( ,?+s2 to conclude all ^? ,sci5ces1 :i* discov] ! p>ticul> ,relations ( ,s5sible ,magnitudes g on f>!r & m securely1 :5 ! ,art ( discov]+ ,relations 9 ,g5]al is m p]fect4 ,! ,univ]sal ,in/rum5t _c be too ext5sive1 too h&y1 or too easily apply'd3 ,x is useful to all ! ,sci5ces1 & !y _c be )\t x3 ,& !re=e among ! ,ma!maticians ( ! ,academy1 :o are design'd to be useful to ! ,publick1 ! ,geometricians & ,algebri/s make a ,class1 z well z ! ,a/ronom]s & ,me*anicks4 ,h[ev]1 x is c]ta91 t ,speculations purely ( ,geometry1 or ( ,algebra1 are n ab\t useful ?+s3 ,b x is c]ta9 too1 t ^? t are n1 ei!r lead or belong to ^? t are4 ,x is 9 x self a v b>r5 ?+ to "k1 t 9 a ,p>abola a ,subtangant is d\ble ! correspond+ ,absciss2 b yet x is a ,degree ( ,k necess>y to ! ,art ( ?r[+ ,bombs1 s exactly z !y c d n[4 ,!re are n by f> s _m evid5t ,uses z ,propositions or ,tru?s 9 ! ,ma!maticks3 ,yet x is en\gh if ! ,conc\rse ( sev]al ,tru?s is g5]ally ( "s use4 ,f>!r1 a ,geometrical ,speculation1 :i* 0 n at fir/ applicable to any use1 becomes s aft]w>ds4 ,:5 ! greate/ ,geometricians 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury set ab\t to /udy a new ,curve1 :i* !y call'd a ,cycloide1 !y only engag'd !mselves 9 a me] ,speculation out ( ,vanity1 /riv+ to outdo "o ano!r by ! ,discov]y ( difficult ,!orems4 ,!y did n ev5 pret5d t ?is 0 = ! ,publick ,good2 h[ev] by div+ into ! ,nature ( ! ,cycloide x 0 f\nd1 t x 0 de/9'd to make ,p5dulums z p]fect z may be1 & c>ry ! ,measure ( ,"t z f> z x c g4 ,x is ! same ?+ ) ,natural ,philosophy z ) ,geometry4 ,! ,anatomy ( ,animals seems insignificant2 & x only conc]ns u to "k t ( ,human ,body4 ,b yet "s ,p>ts ( x1 :i* are ( s nice1 or s confus'd a ,make1 t !y are invisible1 are s5sible & manife/ 9 ! ,body ( an ,animal4 ,h5ce x is1 t ,mon/]s !mselves are n to be neglect$4 ,! ,me*anism conceal'd 9 a p>ticul> ,k9d or 9 a common ,make1 is unfold$ 9 ano!r k9d1 or 9 an extraord9>y ,make2 & "o w\'d be almo/ apt to say1 t ,nature by multiply+ & v>y+ s mu* h] ,works1 c't sometimes =be> betray+ h] ,secrets4 ,all t ! ,anti5ts knew ( ! ,load-/one1 01 t x attracts ,iron4 ,b :e!r !y did n value a ,curiosity1 :i* promis'd !m no?+2 or t _! ,g5ius did n lead !m to make ,exp]im5ts1 !y h n exam9'd ?is ,/one z c>efully z !y might4 ,"o ,exp]im5t taught !m1 t x turns ( its self t[>ds ! ,poles ( ! ,_w1 & did put into _! ,h&s ! ine/imable ,treasure ( ! ,m>9]s ,compass4 ,!y might easily h made ?is ,discov]y important1 & yet !y did n d x2 & if !y _h sp5t a little m "t ^u a ,curiosity :i* seem'd useless to !m1 ! ,lat5t use ( x _h soon appe>'d4 ,let u always make a ,collection ( ,ma!matical & ,physical ,tru?s2 happ5 :at x w we c't haz>d mu* by x4 ,x is c]ta91 t !y %all be drawn f ,spr+s1 :5ce a great _m useful ones h already be5 drawn4 ,we h reason to presume1 t we %all draw f !nce1 "s t %all %9e z soon z !y are discov]'d1 & conv9ce u ( _! ,usefulness4 ,o!r ,tru?s %all /ay "s "t till a pi]c+ ,m$itation1 or "s happy ,accid5t discov]s _! ,use4 ,"s ,tru?s be+ consid]'d by !mselves %all be b>r51 till !y are consid]'d ) ref]5ce to "o ano!r4 ,la/ly1 let ! worse come to ! worse1 "s %all be et]nally useless4 ,i mean useless ) ref]5ce to s5sible & gross ,uses2 = o!rwise !y %all n be s4 ,an ,object ^u :i* alone y ca/ y\r ,eyes is ! cle>] & bright]1 :5 ! neighb\r+ ,objects1 :i* h[ev] y d n look ^u1 are also enlight5'd2 because x ha? ! ,b5efit ( ! ,rays1 :i* are reflect$ f !m4 ,?us ^? ,discov]ies1 :i* are palpably useful1 & des]ve our *iefe/ ,att5tion1 are 9 "s measure enlight5'd by ^?1 :i* may be call'd useless4 ,= all ,tru?s make "o ano!r m lucid4 ,x is always useful to h "r ,notions1 ev5 ( useless ,subjects4 ,& ?o' we c\'d reap no b5efit by ! ,k ( ,numb]s & ,s9es1 yet x w\'d /ill be ! only c]ta9 ,k grant$ to our ,natural ,light1 & !y w\'d s]ve to give our ,reason ! fir/ ,habit ( & ,incl9ation to ,tru?4 ,!y w\'d tea* u to op]ate ^u ,tru?s2 to take ! ,?read ( !m1 :i* is g5]ally v f9e & almo/ imp]ceptible2 & to foll[ x z f> z x rea*es3 ,9 a ^w1 !y w\'d make ,tru? s famili>1 t we might on o!r ,occasions "k x at fir/ sight1 & almo/ by ,in/9ct4 ,a ,geometrical ,g5ius is n s conf9'd to ,geometry1 b t x may be capable ( le>n+ o!r ,sci5ces4 ,a ,tract ( ,morality1 ,politicks1 or ,criticism1 & ev5 a ,piece ( ,oratory1 suppos+ ! ,au?or qualify'd o!rwise = ^? ,p]=mances1 %all be ! bett] = be+ compos'd by a ,geometrician4 ,t ,ord]1 ,p]spicuity1 ,precision & ,exactness1 :i* "s "t s9ce are f\nd 9 good ,books1 may orig9ally proce$ f t ,geometrical ,g5ius1 :i* is n[ m common ?an ev]1 & 9 "s mann] is communicat$ by "o ,relation to ano!r1 nay ev5 to ^? t d n und]/& ,geometry4 ,sometimes a ,great ,man draws all 8 ,cotempor>ies aft] him2 & he :o ha? ! ju/e/ ,claim to ! ,glory ( hav+ settl$ a new ,art ( ,argu+1 0 an ,excell5t ,geometrician4 ,la/ly1 :atev] raises u to ,great & ,noble ,reflexions1 ?o' !y be purely ,speculative1 af=d a ,spiritual & ,philosophical ,utility4 ,! ,wants ( ! ,m9d are p]haps z _m z ^? ( ! ,body4 ,%e desires to ext5d h] ,k3 ,all t c be kn[n1 is necess>y to h]1 & !re c be no bett] ,pro( ?an ?is1 t %e is design'd = ,tru?4 ,no?+ p]haps c r$\nd m to h] ,glory1 ?an ! ,pleasure t is felt sometimes1 9 spight ( ones self1 9 ! dry & crabb$ ,que/ions ( ,algebra4 ,b )\t runn+ c\nt] to ! common ,notions1 & recurr+ to ,advantages :i* may seem too f> fet*'d & ref9'd1 x may fairly be own'd1 t ! ,ma!maticks & ,natural ,philosophy h "s ?+s :i* are only subs]vi5t to ,curiosity2 & s h ^? ,sci5ces :i* are mo/ g5]ally ackn[l$g'd to be useful1 z ,hi/ory1 c4 ,hi/ory do? n 9 e ,"p ( x supply u ) ,examples ( ,v]tue & ,rules = our ,behavi\r4 ,= besides ^!1 !re9 y h a ,view ( ! p]petual ,revolutions ( ,human ,affairs1 ( ! ,beg9n+ & ,fall ( ,empires1 ( ,mann]s1 ,cu/oms1 & ,op9ions :i* cont9ually succe$ "o ano!r2 & 9 a ^w1 ( all t rapid1 ?o' ins5sible1 ,motion t c>ries all be=e x1 & incessantly alt]s ! ,face ( ! ,e>?4 ,_h we a m9d to oppose ,curiosity to ,curiosity1 we %\'d f9d t in/ead ( ! ,motion1 :i* agitates ,nations1 & gives bir? to1 & de/roys ,/ates2 ,natural ,philosophy consid]s t ,great & ,univ]sal ,motion1 :i* ha? put ! :ole ,frame ( ,nature 9 ,ord]1 & susp5d$ ! ,cle/ial ,bodies 9 sev]al ,sph]es1 & :i* illum9ates & ext+ui%es "s ,/>s2 & by foll[+ always unalt]able ,laws1 div]sifies its effects ad inf9itum4 ,if ! surpris+ diff]5ce ( ,mann]s & ,op9ions ( ,mank9d is s ent]ta9+2 !re is too a great deal ( ,pleasure to /udy ! prodigi\s div]sity ( ! ,/ructure ( ! diff]5t ,species ( ,animals1 ) ref]5ce to _! diff]5t ,functions1 to ! ,elem5ts !y live 91 to ! ,climates !y inhabit1 & ! ,alim5ts !y are to take1 c4 ,! mo/ curi\s /rokes ( ,hi/ory %all h>dly be m curi\s ?an ! ,phosphorus1 ! cold ,liquors :i* be+ mixt toge!r1 break out into a flame2 ,silv] ,trees1 ! almo/ ,magical ,op]ations ( ! ,load-,/one1 & a va/ numb] ( ,secrets1 :i* ,art ha? discov]'d by a ne> & dilig5t ,scrut9y ( ,nature4 ,la/ly1 ,natural ,philosophy do? z mu* z x is possible unravel ! ,foot/eps ( t ,inf9ite ,intellect & ,wisdom1 :o ha? made all ?+s3 ,:]eas ! ,object ( ,hi/ory are ! disord]ly ,effects ( ! ,passion1 & ( ,humane ,caprices2 & s odd a ,s]ies ( ,ev5ts1 t "s =m]ly fancy'd t a ,bl9d & ,s5seless ,deity _h ! ,direction ( !m4 ,we mu/ n look ^u ! ,sublime ,reflexions :i* ,natural ,philosophy leads u to make conc]n+ ! ,au?or ( ! ,univ]se1 z me] ,curiosities4 ,= ?is /up5d\s ,"w1 :i* appe>s always m wond]ful ! m we "k x1 gives u su* exalt$ ,notions ( its ,mak]1 t !y fill our ,m9ds ) ,admiration & ,respect4 ,b above all1 ,a/ronomy & ,anatomy are ! two ,sci5ces :i* m palpably lay be=e u two gr& ,attributes ( our ,creator2 "o 8 ,imm5sity by ! di/ance1 ,magnitude & ,numb] ( ,cle/ial ,bodies2 ! o!r 8 ,inf9ite ,k by ! ,me*anism ( ,animals4 ,true ,natural ,philosophy is a k9d ( ,!ology4 ,! diff]5t views ( ,humane ,und]/&+ are almo/ inf9ite2 & ,nature is really s4 ,s t we may e day expect "s ,discov]ies1 ei!r 9 ,ma!maticks or ,natural ,philosophy1 :i* %all be ( a new sort ( ,utility or ,curiosity4 ,make a ,collection ( all ! diff]5t ,advantages :i* ! ,ma!maticks af=d$ a ,hundr$ ,ye>s ago1 & y'll f9d no?+ to be comp>'d to ! ,p]spective ,glasses !y h furni%'d s9ce t "t1 & :i* are a new ,organ to ! ,sight1 & c\'d n be expect$ f ,art4 ,h[ surpriz'd _h ! ,anci5ts be51 if !y _h be5 told t _! ,po/]ity1 by ! help ( "s ,in/rum5ts1 %\'d "o day see a va/ numb] ( ,objects :i* !y did n see2 a ,heav5 t 0 unkn[n to !m2 & ,plants & ,animals !y did n ev5 suspect x 0 possible to exi/4 ,naturali/s _h already a great _m curi\s ,exp]im5ts2 b )9 ab\t half a ,c5tury1 ! ,air-,pump ha? produc$ a prodigi\s quantity ( !m :olly new1 & :i* by %ew+ ,bodies 9 a ,space void ( ,air1 %ews !m z transport$ 9 a ,_w diff]5t f ours1 :]e !y und]go ,alt]ations :]e( we _h no ,notion4 ,! ,excell5cy ( ,geometrical ,me?ods1 :i* are e day inv5t$ & improv'd1 may p]haps at la/ exhau/ ,geometry2 t is1 ,! ,art ( mak+ ,geometrical ,discov]ies1 & t is all3 ,:]eas ,natural ,philosophy1 :i* contemplates an ,object ( an unlimit$ ,v>iety1 & ,fcundity1 %all always f9d room = new ,obs]vations1 & opportunities to increase its va/ ,/ock1 & %all h ! ,advantage ( nev] be+ a compleat ,sci5ce4 ,!re are s _m ?+s to be discov]'d1 :]e( a great "p1 9 all likelyhood %all nev] be kn[n2 t !y give an opportunity to ^? :o w n enc\nt] ) ! ,?orns & ,difficulties ( ,natural ,philosophy1 to affect a sort ( ,disc\ragem5t4 ,a great _m to vilify ?is ,natural ,sci5ce1 pret5d a mighty v5]ation = ! works ( ,nature1 & t !y are absolutely incompreh5sible4 ,h[ev]1 ,nature is nev] s admirable1 nor s admir'd z :5 kn[n4 ,true x is1 t :at is kn[n is inconsid]able 9 comp>ison ( :at is n yet kn[n4 ,nay1 ,sometimes :at is n kn[n1 is exactly :at seems %\'d be ! soone/ kn[n4 ,z = in/ance1 x is n at lea/ c]ta9ly kn[n1 :y a ,/one ?r[n up into ! ,air falls d[n aga92 b we c]ta9ly "k ! cause ( ! ,ra9b[1 :y x do? n exce$ a c]ta9 height2 :y its bread? is always ! same2 :y :5 !re are two ,ra9b[s at ! same "t1 ! ,col\rs ( ! "o are ov]set ) ref]5ce to ! ,col\rs ( ! o!r2 & yet ! fall ( a ,/one 9 ! ,air appe>s a m simple ,phnom5on1 ?an ! ,ra9b[4 ,b 9 a ^w1 al?o' we d n "k e ?+1 we are n nei!r ignorant ( e ?+4 ,& al?o' we are ignorant ( ! mo/ simple ,ev5ts1 yet we h a k ( :at seems ! mo/ ,complex4 ,s t if we h on ! "o h& reason to fe>1 le/ our ,vanity %\'d flatt] u ) ! hopes ( atta9+ to ! k ( ?+s above our rea*2 on ! o!r we ought to dread1 le/ our ,slo?fulness %\ld also flatt] u t we are condemn'd to a great] degree ( ,ignorance ?an really we are4 ,p may ?9k t ! ,sci5ces d n beg9 to ex]t !mselves1 ei!r because !y c\'d be b imp]fect among ! ,anci5ts2 or because we h almo/ lo/ ! ,foot/eps ( !m dur+ ! gloomy ,d>kness ( ,b>b>ity2 or because a bett] me?od ha? be5 tak5 ab\t #ajj ,ye>s ago4 ,0 ! ,progress ,hi/orically exam9'd1 !y h already made 9 s %ort a "t1 not)/&+ ! /rong1 b false ,prejudices !y _h long to enc\nt] )1 ev5 sometimes ! =eign ,ob/acles !y h met ) f ,au?ority & ,p[]2 ! want ( ,zeal = ,sci5ces s remote f common use1 ^? few :o apply'd !mselves to ?is ,"w1 & ! weak ,motives :i* engag'd !m 9 x2 a ,man w\ld wond] at ! ,greatness & ,rapidity ( ! ,progress ( ! ,sci5ces1 & ev5 we might obs]ve "s new ones to />t out ( no?+1 & p]haps be tempt$ to h too great hopes ( future ,improvem5ts4 ,! great] reason we h ( future ,success1 ! great] we h to look ^u ! ,sci5ces z 9 _! ,cradles1 at lea/ ,natural ,philosophy4 ,& !re=e ! ,academy is only n[ employ'd to make an ample ,provision ( ,obs]vations1 & ,facts well atte/$1 :i* may "o day be ! f\ndation ( a ,sy/em4 ,= be=e ! ,sy/ematical ,natural ,philosophy c raise solid ,edifices2 ,exp]im5tal ,natural ,philosophy mu/ be 9 a condition to supply x ) good ,mat]ials4 ,none b ,societies1 ( ^? too c\nt5anc'd & enc\rag'd by ! ,pr9ce1 c successfully make & prep>e ?is ,collection ( ,mat]ials4 ,all ! ,le>n+1 ,c>e1 ,life & ,weal? ( "o ,private ,man c nev] answ] ?is ,design4 ,!re are too _m diff]5t ,exp]im5ts to be made1 :i* are to be too mu* v>y'd1 & a long "t prosecut$ ) ! same ,temp] & ,m9d4 ,! ,cause ( ! lea/ ,effect is s wrap'd up1 t unless y v c>efully op5 all ! v>i\s ,fold+s1 y _c come at x4 ,hi!rto ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces ha? consid]'d ,nature b by p>cels3 ,!y h fix'd ^u no g5]al ,sy/em1 = fe> ( fall+ into ! inconv5i5cy ( ha/y ,sy/ems1 :i* are v grateful to ! impati5ce ( ,humane ,und]/&+2 & be+ once settl$1 are ,ob/acles to :at ,tru?s are aft]w>ds discov]'d4 ,?is day we are sure ( a ,fact1 to morr[ we %all be sure ( ano!r t ha? no relation ) ! =m]4 ,h[ev] "s ,conjectures are v5tur'd at ^u ,causes2 b !y are only ,conjectures4 ,s t ?is ,collection1 :i* ! ,academy gives to ! ,publick1 is compos'd ( sep>ate ,fragm5ts1 indep5dant ( "o ano!r2 :]e( e "o :o is ! ,au?or1 w>rants ! ,facts & ,exp]im5ts2 & ^: ,argum5ts are approv'd by ! ,academy1 b ) ,re/rictions becom+ ,wise & ,w>y ,scepticks4 ,"t p]haps w come1 :5 ^! scatt]'d ,fragm5ts %all be unit$ into "o regul> ,body2 & if !y be su* z !y are wi%'d1 !y may ( !mselves ,unite4 ,a great _m ,tru?s1 :5 _! ,numb]s is consid]able1 %ew s ne> a ,relation to1 & s mutual a ,dep5dance ^u "o ano!r1 t x seems1 t not)/&+ _! viol5t ,sep>ation1 !y h a natural ,t5d5cy to be re-unit$4 ,,miscellanea ,,curiosa4 ,an ,e/imate ( ! ,quantity ( ! ,vap\rs rais$ out ( ! ,sea d]iv$ f ,exp]im5t3 ,toge!r ) an ,acc\nt ( ! ,circulation ( ! watry ,vap\rs ( ! ,sea1 & ( ! ,cause ( ,spr+s1 pres5t$ to ! ,royal ,society4 ,by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley1 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,t ! ,quantity ( ,aque\s ,vap\rs conta9'd 9 ! ,m$ium ( ! ,air1 is v consid]able1 seems mo/ evid5t f ! great ,ra9s & ,sn[s :i* are sometimes obs]v'd to fall1 to t degree1 t ! ,wat] ?us dis*>g'd out ( ! ,int]/ices ( ! ,p>ticles ( ,air1 is 9 weight a v s5sible "p ( ! incumb5t ,atmosph]e3 ,b 9 :at proportion ^! ,vap\rs rise1 :i* are ! ,s\rces n only ( ,ra9s1 b also ( ,spr+s or ,f\nta9s 7z ,i design to prove7 has n1 t ,i "k (1 be5 any :]e well exam9'd1 ?o' x seem to be "o ( ! mo/ necess>y ,+r$i5ts ( a ,real & ,philosophical ,meteorology1 &1 z su*2 to des]ve ! ,consid]ation ( ?is ,hon\rable ,society4 ,i ?\ght x might n be unacceptable to attempt by ,exp]im5t to det]m9e ! ,quantity ( ! ,evaporations ( ,wat]1 z f> z !y arise f ,heat1 :i* ^u ,trial succe$$ z foll[s4 ,we took a ,pan ( ,wat]1 ab\t #d in*es deep1 & #g ,in*es #i_/aj ,diamet]1 9 :i* we plac$ a ,!rmomet]1 & by means ( a ,pan ( ,coals1 we br\ght ! ,wat] to ! same degree ( ,heat1 :i* is obs]v$ to be t ( ! ,air 9 our hotte/ ,summ]2 ! ,!rmomet] nicely %ew+ x3 ,?is done1 we affix$ ! ,pan ( ,wat]1 ) ! ,!rmomet] 9 x1 to "o end ( ! ,beam ( a ,pair ( ,scales1 & exactly c\nt]pois'd x ) weights 9 ! o!r ,scale2 & by ! application or removal ( ! ,pan ( ,coals1 we f\nd x v easie to ma9ta9 ! ,wat] 9 ! same degree ( ,heat precisely4 ,do+ ?us we f\nd ! weight ( ! ,wat] s5sibly to decrease2 & at ! end ( two h\rs we obs]v$ t !re want$ half an ,ounce ,troy1 all b #g gra9s1 or #bcc gra9s ( ,wat]1 :i* 9 t "t _h gone (f 9 ,vap\r2 ?o' "o c\ld h>dly p]ceive x smoke1 & ! ,wat] 7 n s5sibly w>m4 ,?is ,quantity 9 s %ort a "t seem'd v consid]able1 be+ little less ?an #f ounces 9 #bd h\rs1 f s small a ,surface z a ,circle ( #h in*es ,diamet]4 ,to r$uce ?is ,exp]im5t to an exact ,calculus1 & det]m9e ! ?ickness ( ! ,sk9 ( ,wat] t _h s evaporat$1 ,i assume ! ,exp]im5t all$g'd by ,dr4 ,edw>d ,b]n>d to h be5 made 9 ! ,ox=d ,society1 viz4 ,t ! ,cube-foot ,engli% ( ,wat] weighs exactly #gf ,p\nds ,troy2 ?is divid$ by #agbh1 ! numb] ( ,in*es 9 a ,foot1 w give #bec gra9s1 or ounce #ac gra9s = ! weight ( a ,cube-in* ( ,wat]2 :]e=e ! weight ( #bcc gra9s is #bcc_/bec or #ce ,p>ts ( #ch ( a ,cube-in* ( ,wat]4 ,n[ ! ,area ( ! ,circle ^: ,diamet] is #g-i_/aj ,in*es1 is #di squ>e ,in*es3 by :i* divid+ ! ,quantity ( ,wat] evaporat$1 viz4 #ce_/ch ( an ,in*1 ! ,quote #ce_/ahfb or #a_/ec %ews t ! ?ickness ( ! ,wat] evaporat$ 0 ! #ec;d "p ( an ,in*2 b we w suppose x only ! #fj? "p1 = ! ,facility ( ,calculation4 ,if !re=e ,wat] z w>m z ! ,air 9 ,summ]1 exhales ! ?ickness ( a #fj? "p ( an ,in* 9 two h\rs f its :ole ,surface1 9 #ab h\rs x w exhale ! ( an ,in*2 :i* ,quantity w be f\nd abundantly suffici5t to s]ve = all ! ,ra9s1 ,spr+s1 & ,dews2 & acc\nt = ! ,caspian ,sea1 be+ always at a /&1 nei!r wa/+ nor ov]fl[+2 z likewise = ! ,curr5t said to set always 9 at ! ,/reights ( ,gibralt]1 ?o' ^? ,m$it]ranean ,seas receive s _m & s consid]able ,riv]s4 ,to e/imate ! ,quantity ( ,wat] aris+ 9 ,vap\rs out ( ! ,sea1 ,i ?9k ,i ought to consid] x only = ! "t ! ,sun is up1 = t ! ,dews return 9 ! ,night1 z mu* if n m ,vap\rs ?an are !n emitt$2 & 9 ,summ] ! ,days be+ no long] ?an #ab h\rs1 ?is ,excess is ballanc'd by ! weak] ,action ( ! ,sun1 especially :5 ris+ be=e ! ,wat] be w>m$3 ,s t if ,i all[ ( an ,in* ( ! ,surface ( ! ,sea1 to be rais$ p] diem 9 ,vap\rs1 x may n be an improbable ,conjecture4 ,^u ?is ,supposition1 e #aj squ>e ,in*es ( ! ,surface ( ! ,wat]1 yields 9 ,vap\r p] diem a ,cube-in* ( ,wat]2 & ea* squ>e ,foot half a ,w9e-p9t2 e ,space ( #d ,foot squ>e1 a ,gallon2 a ,mile squ>e1 #fiad ,tons2 a squ>e ,degree suppose ( #fi ,engli% ,miles1 w evaporate #cc ,millions ( ,tons3 ,& if ! ,m$it]ranean be e/imat$ at =ty degrees long & f\r broad1 all[ances be+ made = ! ,places :]e x is broad]1 by ^? :]e x is n>r[] 7& ,i am sure ,i guess at ! lea/7 !re w be #afj ,squ>e degrees ( ,sea2 & consequ5tly1 ! :ole ,m$it]ranean mu/ lose 9 ,vap\r1 9 a ,summ]'s day1 at lea/ #ebhj ,millions ( ,tons4 ,& ?is ,quantity ( ,vap\r1 ?o' v great1 is z little z c be conclud$ f ! ,exp]im5t produc$3 ,& yet !re rema9s ano!r ,cause1 :i* _c be r$uc$ to ,rule1 ,i mean ! ,w9ds1 :]eby ! ,surface ( ! ,wat] is lick$ up "s times fa/] ?an x exhales by ! heat ( ! ,sun2 z is well kn[n to ^? t h consid]'d ^? dry+ ,w9ds :i* bl[ sometimes4 ,to e/imate ! ,quantity ( ,wat]1 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea receives f ! ,riv]s t fall into x1 is a v h>d ,task1 unless "o _h ! ,opportunity to measure _! ,*anels & ,velocity2 & !re=e we c only d x by all[+ m ?an en\gh2 t is1 by assum+ ^! ,riv]s great] ?an 9 all probability !y be1 & !n comp>+ ! ,quantity ( ,wat] void$ by ! ,?ames1 ) t ( ^? ,riv]s1 ^: ,wat]s we desire to compute4 ,! ,m$it]ranean receives ^! consid]able ,riv]s2 ! ,ib]us1 ! ,rhone1 ! ,tib]1 ! ,po1 ! ,danube1 ! ,nei/]1 ! ,bory/5es1 ! ,tanais1 & ! ,nile2 all ! re/ be+ ( no great ,note1 & _! ,quantity ( ,wat] inconsid]able3 ,^! n9e ,riv]s1 we w suppose ea* ( !m to br+ d[n t5 times z mu* ,wat] z ! ,riv] ,?ames2 n t any ( !m is great 9 reality1 b to compreh5d ) !m all ! small ,rivulets t fall into ! ,sea1 :i* o!rwise ,i "k n h[ to all[ =4 ,to calculate ! ,wat] ( ! ,?ames1 ,i assume t at ,k+/on ,bridge :]e ! ,flood nev] rea*es1 & ! ,wat] always runs d[n1 ! bread? ( ! ,*anel is #ajj ,y>ds1 & its ,dep? #c1 x be+ r$uc$ to an ,equality 79 bo? :i* ,suppositions ,i am sure ,i take ) ! mo/7 h5ce ! ,pr(il ( ! ,wat] 9 ?is ,place is #cjj squ>e ,y>ds3 ,?is multipli$ by #dh ,miles 7:i* ,i all[ ! ,wat] to run 9 #bd h\rs1 at #b ,miles an h\r7 or #hddhj ,y>ds1 gives #becddjjj ,cubick-y>ds ( ,wat] to be evacuat$ e ,day2 t is1 #bjcjjjjj ,tons p] diem2 & ,i d\bt n1 b 9 ! excess ( my ,measures ( ! ,*anel ( ! ,riv]1 ,i h made m ?an suffici5t all[ance = ! ,wat]s ( ! ,br5t1 ! ,w&el1 ! ,lea1 & ,d>w5t1 :i* are all wor? notice1 t fall into ! ,?ames bel[ ,k+/on4 ,n[ if ea* ( ! a=esaid #i ,riv]s yield #aj times z mu* ,wat] z ! ,?ames do?1 'twill foll[ t ea* ( !m yields b #bjc ,millions ( ,ton p] diem1 & ! :ole #i1 b #ahbg ,millions ( ,tons 9 a day2 :i* is b little m ?an ( :at is prov$ to be rais$ 9 vap\r out ( ! ,m$it]ranean 9 #ab h\rs "t4 ,n[ :at becomes ( ?is ,vap\r :5 rais'd1 & h[ x comes to pass t ! ,curr5t always sets 9 at ! ,m\?1 ( ! ,/reights ( ,gibralt]1 %all imm$iately be %ew'd3 ,b fir/ x is necess>y to adv]tise ! ,read]1 t 9 mak+ ! ,exp]im5t h]e9 m5tion'd1 ! ,wat] us$ _h be5 salt$ to ! same degree z is ! common ,sea-wat]1 by ! ,solution ( ab\t a #dj? "p ( ,salt4 ,hav+ ?us %ew'd by ,exp]im5t ! ,quantity ( ,wat] rais$ 9 ,vap\r f ! ,surface ( ! ,sea 9 a ,days "t1 :i* 0 s f> approv'd ( by "s ,hon\rable ,memb]s ( ?is ,society1 t ,i receiv'd _! ,comm&s to prosecute ^! ,enquiries2 & p>ticul>ly1 9 relation to ! ,me?od us$ by ,nature1 to return ! said ,vap\rs aga9 into ! ,sea2 :i* is s ju/ly p]=m'd1 t 9 _m hundr$ ( ,ye>s we are suffici5tly assur$ t ! ,sea has n s5sibly decreas$ by ! loss 9 ,vap\r2 nor yet ab\nd$ by ! imm5se ,quantity ( fre% x receives cont9ually f ! ,riv]s4 ,to demon/rate ?is ,equilibre ( ,receipt & ,exp5ce 9 ! :ole ,sea1 is a ,task too h>d = me to und]take1 yet 9 ob$i5ce to ^? :om ,i h ! ,hon\r to s]ve1 ,i %all "h (f]1 :at to me has hi!rto seem'd ! mo/ satisfactory ,acc\nt ( ?is gr& ,phnom5on3 ,i h 9 ano!r place attempt$ to expla9 ! mann] ( ! ris+ ( ,vap\r by ,w>m?1 by %ew+1 t if an ,atom ( ,wat] 7 exp&$ into a ,%ell or ,bubble1 s z to be t5 times z big 9 ,diamet] z :5 x 0 ,wat]2 su* an ,atom w\ld become specifically light] ?an ,air1 & rise s long z t ,flatus or w>m ,_s t fir/ sep>at$ x f ! ,mass ( ,wat]1 %all cont9ue to di/5d x to ! same ,degree2 & t ,w>m? decl9+1 & ! ,air gr[+ cool] & also specifically light]1 ! ,vap\rs consequ5tly %all /op at a c]ta9 ,region ( ! ,air1 or else desc5d1 :i* may happ5 ^u sev]al acc\nts1 z ,i %all by & by endeav\r to make out2 yet ,i und]take n t ?is is ! only pr9cipal ( ! rise ( ,vap\rs1 & t !re may n be a c]ta9 sort ( ,matt]1 ^: ,conatus may be contr>y to t ( ,gravity2 z is evid5t 9 ,vegetation1 :]e 9 ! ,t5d5cy ( ! ,spr\ts is directly upw>ds1 or aga9/ ! ,p]p5dicul>4 ,b :at ev] is ! true ,cause1 x is 9 ,fact c]ta91 t w>m? does sep>ate ! ,p>ticles ( ,wat]1 & emit !m ) a great] & great] ,velocity1 z ! heat is m & m int5se2 z is evid5t 9 ! ,/eam ( a boil+ ,cauldron1 :]e9 likewise ! ,velocity ( ! asc5t ( ! ,vap\rs does visibly decrease till !y disappe>1 be+ disp]s$ into & assimulat$ ) ! ,ambi5t ,air4 ,vap\rs be+ ?us rais$ by w>m?1 let u = a fir/ ,supposition put1 t ! :ole ,surface ( ! ,globe 7 all ,wat] v deep1 or r t ! :ole ,body ( ! ,e>? 7 ,wat]1 & t ! ,sun _h its diurnal c\rse ab\t x3 ,i take x1 t x w\ld foll[1 t ! ,air ( x self w\ld imbibe a c]ta9 ,quantity ( aque\s ,vap\rs1 & reta9 !m l ,salts dissolv$ 9 ,wat]2 t ! ,sun w>m+ ! ,air1 & rais+ a m pl5tiful ,vap\r f ! ,wat] 9 ! day-"t1 ! ,air w\ld su/a9 a great] proportion ( ,vap\r1 z w>m ,wat] w hold m dissolv$ ,salts1 :i* ^u ! abs5ce ( ! ,sun 9 ! ,nights w\ld be all aga9 dis*>g$ 9 ,dews1 analog\s to ! ,precipitation ( ,salts on ! cool+ ( ! ,liquors2 nor is x to be believ$ t 9 su* ,case !re w\ld be any div]sity ( ,wea!r1 o!r ?an p]iodically1 e ,ye> alike2 ! mixture ( all t]re/ri\s1 sal9e1 het]og5i\s ,vap\rs be+ tak5 away1 :i* z !y are v>i\sly comp\nd$ & br\ght by ! ,w9ds1 seem to be ! ,causes ( ^? v>i\s ,seasons :i* we n[ f9d4 ,9 ?is case ! ,ai]y ,regions e :]e1 at ! same height1 w\ld be equally repl5i%$ ) ! ,proportion ( ,wat] x c\ld conta91 reg>d be+ only to be _h to ! diff]5t degree ( w>m?1 f ! ne>ness or di/ance ( ! ,sun2 & an et]nal ,ea/-w9d w\ld bl[ all r\nd ! ,globe1 incl9+ only to ! same side ( ! ,ea/1 z ! ,latitude do? f ! ,equator2 z is obs]v$ 9 ! ,ocean betwe5 ! ,tropicks4 ,next let u suppose ?is ,ocean int]sp]s$ ) wide & spaci\s ,tracts ( ,l&1 ) high ,ridges ( ,m\nta9s1 su* z ! ,pyr5ean1 ! ,alps1 ! ,ap5n9e1 ! ,c>pa?ian 9 ,europe1 ,taurus1 ,caucasus1 ,imaus1 & sev]al o!rs 9 ,asia2 ,atlas & ! ,montes ,lun1 ) o!r unkn[n ,ridges 9 ,africa1 :5ce came ! ,nile1 ! ,nigre1 & ! ,zaire3 ,& 9 ,am]ica1 ! ,&es & ! ,apalatean ,m\nta9s2 ea* ( :i* f> surpass ! usual height to :i* ! ,aque\s ,vap\rs ( !mselves asc5d1 & on ! tops ( :i* ! ,air is s cold & r>ifi$1 z to reta9 b a small "p ( ^? ,vap\rs1 t %all be br\ght ?i!r by ,w9ds4 ,^? ,vap\rs !re=e t are rais$ copi\sly 9 ! ,sea1 & by ! ,w9d1 are c>ri$ ov] ! l[ ,l& to ^? ,ridges ( ,m\nta9s1 are !re compell$ by ! ,/ream ( ! ,air to m\nt up ) x to ! tops ( ! ,m\nta9s1 :]e ! ,wat] pres5tly precipitates1 gleet+ d[n by ! ,crannies ( ! ,/one2 & "p ( ! ,vap\r ent]+ into ! ,cav]ns ( ! ,hills1 ! ,wat] !re( ga!rs z 9 an ,alembick into ! ,basons ( ,/one x f9ds2 :i* be+ once fill'd1 all ! ov]plus ( ,wat] t comes ?i!r runs ov] by ! l[e/ place1 & break+ out by ! sides ( ! ,hills1 =ms s+le ,spr+s4 ,_m ( ^! runn+ d[n by ! ,valleys or ,guts betwe5 ! ,ridges ( ! ,hills1 & com+ to unite1 =m little ,rivulets1 or ,brooks3 ,_m ( ^! aga91 meet+ 9 "o common ,valley & ga9+ ! pla9 ,gr\nd1 be+ gr[n less rapid1 become a ,riv]2 & _m ( ^! be+ unit$ 9 "o common ,*annel1 make su* ,/reams z ! ,rh9e1 ! ,rhone1 ! ,danube2 :i* latt]1 "o w\ld h>dly ?9k ! ,collection ( ,wat] cond5s$ out ( ,vap\r1 unless we consid] h[ va/ a ,tract ( ,gr\nd t ,riv] dra9s1 & t x is ! ,sum ( all ^? ,spr+s :i* break out on ! ,s\? side ( ! ,c>pa?ian ,m\nta9s1 & on ! ,nor? side ( ! imm5se ,ridge ( ! ,alps1 :i* is "o cont9u$ ,*a9 ( ,m\nta9s f ,switz]l&1 to ! ,black-,sea4 ,& x may almo/ pass = a ,rule1 t ! magnitude ( a ,riv]1 or ! quantity ( ,wat] x evacuates1 is proportionable to ! l5g? & height ( ! ,ridges f :5ce its ,f\nta9s arise4 ,n[ ?is ,!ory ( ,spr+s is n a b>e ,hypo!sis1 b f\nd$ on ,exp]i5ce1 :i* x 0 my luck to ga9 9 my abode at ,/4 ,hel5a1 :]e 9 ! ,night-"t1 on ! tops ( ! ,hills1 ab\t #hjj ,y>ds above ! ,sea1 !re 0 s /range a cond5sation1 or r precipitation ( ! ,vap\rs1 t x 0 a great ,imp$im5t to my ,cle/ial ,obs]vations2 = 9 ! cle> ,sky1 ! ,dew w\ld fall s fa/1 z to cov]1 ea* half qu>t] ( an ,h\r1 my ,glasses ) little drops2 s t ,i 0 necessitat$ to wipe !m s (t51 & my ,pap] on :i* ,i wrote my ,obs]vations w\ld imm$iately be s wet ) ,dew1 t x w\ld n be> ,ink3 ,by :i* x may be suppos'd h[ fa/ ! ,wat] ga!rs 9 ^? mighty high ,ridges ,i b n[ nam'd4 ,?us is "o "p ( ! ,vap\rs bl[n ^u ! ,l& return'd by ! ,riv]s into ! ,sea1 f :5ce !y came2 ano!r "p by ! cool ( ! ,night falls 9 ,dews1 or else 9 ,ra9s1 aga9 into ! ,sea be=e x rea*es ! ,l&1 :i* is by mu* ! greate/ "p ( ! :ole ,vap\rs1 because ( ! great ext5t ( ! ,ocean1 :i* ! motion ( ! ,w9d does n trav]se 9 a v long space ( ,"t2 & ?is is ! ,reason :y ! ,riv]s d n return s mu* into ! ,m$it]ranean1 z is extract$ into ,vap\r4 ,a ?ird "p falls on ! ,l[-,l&s1 & is ! ,pabulum ( ,plants1 :]e yet x does n re/1 b is aga9 exhal$ 9 ,vap\r by ! action ( ! ,sun1 & is ei!r c>ri$ by ! ,w9ds to ! ,sea to fall 9 ,ra9 or ,dew !re1 or else to ! ,m\nta9s to be !re turn'd into ,spr+s2 & ?o' ?is does n imm$iately come to pass1 yet aft] sev]al ,vicissitudes ( ris+ 9 ,vap\r1 & fall+ 9 ,ra9 or ,dews1 ea* ,p>ticle ( ! ,wat] is at l5g? return'd to ! ,sea f :5ce x came4 ,add to ?is1 t ! ,ra9-wat]s aft] ! ,e>? is fully sat$ ) moi/ure1 does1 by ! ,vallies or l[] p>ts ( ! ,e>?1 f9d its way into ! ,riv]s1 & s is comp5di\sly s5t back to ! ,sea4 ,aft] ?is mann] is ! ,circulation p]=m'd1 & ,i d\bt n b ?is ,hypo!sis is m reasonable ?an t ( ^? :o d]ive all ,spr+s f ! ,ra9-wat]s1 :i* yet are p]petual & )\t dim9ution1 ev5 :5 no ,ra9 falls = a long space ( "t2 or t d]ive !m f a ,filtration or ,p]colation ( ! ,sea-wat]s1 ?ro' c]ta9 imag9>y ,tubes or ,passages )9 ! ,e>? :]e9 !y lose _! ,saltness4 ,?is1 besides _m o!rs1 lab\r+ "u ?is pr9cipal ,absurdity1 t ! greate/ ,riv]s h _! mo/ copi\s ,f\nta9s f>!/ f ! ,sea1 & :e!r s great quantities ( fre% ,wat] _c reasonably be d]iv'd any o!r way ?an 9 ,vap\r4 ,?is1 if we may all[ f9al ,causes1 seems to be ! design ( ! ,hills1 t _! ,ridges be+ plac'd ?ro' ! mid/ ( ! ,cont95ts1 might s]ve1 z x 71 = ,alembicks to di/il fre% ,wat] = ! use ( ,man & ,bea/1 & _! heights to give a desc5t to ^? ,/reams to run g5tly1 l s _m ,ve9s1 ( ! ,macrocosm to be ! m b5eficial to ! ,creation4 ,if ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,ra9 & ,dew1 & ! cause :y sometimes 'tis ,cl\dy1 at o!r times ,s]5e1 be inquir'd1 ,i c (f] no?+ l a prop] ,solution !re(1 only ) submission to propose ,conjectures1 :i* are ! be/ ,i c f9d1 viz4 ,t ! ,air be+ heap$ up by ! meet+ ( two contr>y ,w9ds1 :5 ! ,m]cury is high1 ! ,vap\rs are ! bett] su/a9'd & kept f ,co-agulat+ or ,cond5s+ into ,drops1 :]eby ,cl\ds are n s easily g5]at$1 & ! ,night ! ,vap\rs fall d[n s+le1 z !y rose 9 imp]ceptible ,atoms ( ,wat]3 ,:]eas1 :5 ! ,m]cury is l[1 ,& ! ,air r>ifi$ by ! ,exhau/ion !re(1 by two contr>y ,w9ds bl[+ f ! place2 ! ,atoms ( ,air keep ! ,vap\rs n s well sep>at$1 & !y coalesce into visible ,drops 9 ! ,cl\ds1 & f !nce are easily drawn into great] ,drops ( ,ra92 to :i* 'tis possible & n improbable1 t "s sort ( ,sal9e or ,angul> ,p>ticles ( ,t]re/rial ,vap\r be+ immix'd ) ! ,aque\s1 :i* ,i take to be ,bubbles1 may cut or break _! ,sk9s or ,coats1 & s contribute to _! m spe$y ,cond5sation into ,ra94 ,! ,true ,!ory ( ! ,tides1 extract$ f t admir$ ,treatise ( ,mr4 ,isaac ,newton1 ,intitl$1 ,philosophi ,naturalis ,pr9cipia ,ma!matica2 ,be+ a ,disc\rse pres5t$ ) t ,book to ! late ,k+ ,james1 by ,mr4 ,edmund ,halley4 ,x may1 p]haps1 seem /range1 t ?is ,pap]1 be+ no o!r ?an a p>ticul> ,acc\nt ( a ,book long s9ce publi%$1 %\ld n[ appe> "h2 b ! ,desires ( sev]al hon\rable ,p]sons1 :i* c\ld n be )/ood1 h oblig$ u to ins]t x "h1 = ! sake ( su*1 :o be+ less kn[+ 9 ,ma!matical ,matt]s1 & !re=e n d>+ to adv5ture on ! ,au?or himself1 are not)/&+1 v curi\s to be in=m'd ( ! ,causes ( ,?+s2 p>ticul>ly ( s g5]al & extraord9>y ,phnom5a1 z are ^? ( ! ,tides4 ,n[ ?is ,pap] hav+ be5 drawn up = ! late ,k+ ,james's ,use1 79 ^: ,reign ! ,book 0 publi%'d7 & hav+ giv5 good ,satisfaction to ^? t got ,copies ( x2 x is hop$ ! ,savans ( ! high] ,=m w indulge u ?is ,lib]ty we take to gratifie _! ,inf]i\rs 9 po9t ( ,sci5ce2 & n be (f5d$1 t we "h insi/ m l>gely ^u ,mr4 ,newton's ,!ory ( ! ,tides1 :i*1 h[ pla9 & easie soev] we f9d1 is v little und]/ood by ! common ,read]4 ,! sole ,pr9ciple ^u :i* ?is ,au?or proce$s to expla9 mo/ ( ! great & surpriz+ ,appe>ances ( ,nature1 is no o!r ?an t ( ,gravity1 :]eby 9 ! ,e>? all ,bodies h a t5d5cy t[>ds its ,c5tre2 z is mo/ evid5t3 ,& f und\bt$ ,argum5ts x's prov$1 t !re is su* a ,gravitation t[>ds ! ,c5tre ( ! ,sun1 ,moon1 & all ! ,planets4 ,f ?is ,pr9ciple1 z a necess>y ,consequ5ce1 foll[s ! ,sphrical ,figure ( ! ,e>? & ,sea1 & ( all ! o!r ,cle/ial ,bodies3 ,& ?o' ! t5acity & firmness ( ! ,solid ,p>ts1 support ! ,inequalities ( ! ,l& above ! ,level2 yet ! ,fluids1 press+ equally & easily yield+ to ea* o!r1 soon re/ore ! quilibrium1 if di/urb$1 & ma9ta9 ! exact ,figure ( ! ,globe4 ,n[ ?is =ce ( ,desc5t ( ,bodies t[>ds ! ,c5tre1 is n 9 all places alike1 b is /ill less & less1 z ! di/ance f ! ,c5t] encreases3 ,& 9 ?is ,book x is demon/rat$1 t ?is ,=ce decreases z ! ,squ>e ( ! di/ance increases2 t is1 ! weight ( ,bodies1 & ! ,=ce ( _! ,fall is less1 9 p>ts m remov$ f ! ,c5t]1 9 ! proportion ( ! ,squ>es ( ! ,di/ance4 ,s z = ,example1 a ,ton weight on ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?1 if x 7 rais$ to ! height ( #djjj ,miles1 :i* ,i suppose ! ,semidiamet] ( ! ,e>?1 w\ld weigh b ( a ,ton1 or #e ,hundr$ weight3 ,if to #abjjj ,miles1 or #c ,semidiamet]s f ! ,surface1 t is #d f ! ,c5t]1 x w\ld weigh b #a_/af "p ( ! ,weight on ! ,surface1 or a ,hundr$ & ,qu>t]3 ,s t x w\ld be z easie = ! ,/r5g? ( a ,man at t height to c>ry a ,ton weight1 z "h on ! ,surface a #ajj4 ,& 9 ! same ,proportion does ! ,velocities ( ! fall ( ,bodies decrease3 ,= :]eas on ! ,surface ( ! ,e>? all ?+s fall #af ,foot 9 a second2 at "o ,semidiamet] above1 ?is fall is b f\r ,foot2 & at ?ree ,semidiamet]s1 or f\r f ! ,c5tre1 x is b #a_/af ( ! ,fall at ! ,surface1 or b "o ,foot 9 a second3 ,& at great] ,di/ances bo? ,weight & ,fall become v small1 b yet at all giv5 ,di/ances is /ill "s ?+1 ?o' ! ,effect become ins5sible4 ,at ! di/ance ( ! ,moon 7:i* ,i w suppose #fj ,semidiamet]s ( ! ,e>?7 #cfjj ,p\nds weigh b "o ,p\nd1 & ! fall ( ,bodies is b ( #a_/cfjj a ,foot 9 a second1 or #af ,foot 9 a ,m9ute2 t is1 a ,body s f> (f desc5ds 9 a ,m9ute no m ?an ! same at ! ,surface ( ! ,e>? w\ld d 9 a ,second ( ,"t4 ,z 0 said be=e1 ! same =ce decreas+ aft] ! same mann] is evid5tly f\nd 9 ! ,sun1 ,moon1 & all ! ,planets2 b m especially 9 ! ,sun1 ^: ,=ce is prodigi\s2 becom+ s5sible ev5 9 ! imm5se di/ance ( ,saturn3 ,?is gives room to suspect1 t ! =ce ( ,gravity is 9 ! ,cle/ial ,globes proportional to ! quantity ( ,matt] 9 ea* ( !m3 ,& ! ,sun be+ at lea/ t5 ,?\s& times z big z ! ,e>?1 its ,gravitation or attract+ ,=ce1 is f\nd to be at lea/ t5 ,?\s& times z mu* z t ( ! ,e>?1 act+ on ,bodies at ! same di/ance4 ,?is ,law ( ! decrease ( ,gravity be+ demon/ratively prov$1 & put pa/ contradiction2 ! ,au?or ) great ,sagacity1 inquires into ! necess>y ,consequ5ces ( ?is ,supposition2 :]eby he f9ds ! g5u9e ,cause ( ! sev]al ,appe>ances 9 ! ,!ory ( ! ,moon & ,planets1 & discov]s ! hi!rto unkn[n ,laws ( ! ,motion ( ,comets1 & ( ! ,ebb+ & fl[+ ( ! ,sea4 ,ea* ( :i* are ,subjects t h hi!rto tak5 up mu* l>g] ,volumes2 b ,tru? be+ uni=m1 & always ! same1 x is admirable to obs]ve h[ easily we are enabl$ to make out v ab/ruse & difficult ,matt]s1 :5 once true & g5u9e ,pr9ciples are obta9'd3 ,& on ! o!r h& x may be wondr$2 t1 not)/&+ ! great facility ( tru?1 & ! p]plexity & nonconsequ5ces t always att5d errone\s ,suppositions1 ^! great ,discov]ies %\ld h escap$ ! acute ,disquisitions ( ! be/ ,philosophical ,heads ( all pa/ ,ages1 & be res]v'd to ^! our ,times4 ,b t wond] w soon cease1 if x be consid]'d h[ great improvem5ts ,geometry has receiv'd 9 our ,memory1 & p>ticul>ly f ! pr(\nd ,discov]ies ( our incomp>able ,au?or4 ,! ,!ory ( ! ,motion ( ! prim>y ,planets is "h %ewn to be no?+ else1 b ! contemplation ( ! ,curve ,l9es :i* ,bodies ca/ ) a giv5 ,velocity1 9 a giv5 ,direction1 & at ! same "t drawn t[>ds ! ,sun by its gravitat+ ,p[]1 w\ld describe4 ,or1 :i* is all "o1 t ! ,orbs ( ! ,planets are su* ,curve ,l9es z a ,%ot f a ,gun describes 9 ! ,air1 be+ ca/ accord+ to ! direction ( ! ,piece1 b b5t 9 a crook$ ,l9e by ! sup]v5+ ,t5d5cy t[>ds ! ,e>?s ,c5tre3 ,& ! ,planets be+ suppos$ to be project$ ) a giv5 ,=ce1 & attract$ t[>ds ! ,sun1 aft] ! a=esaid mann]1 are "h prov$ to describe su* ,figures1 z answ] punctually to all t ! ,indu/ry ( ?is & ! la/ ,age has obs]v$ 9 ! ,planet>y ,motions4 ,s t x appe>s1 t !re is no ne$ ( solid ,orbs & ,intellig5ces1 z ! ,anti5ts imag9'd1 nor yet ( ,vortices or ,:irlpools ( ! ,cle/ial ,matt]1 z ,des ,c>tes supposes2 b ! :ole ,affair is simply & me*anically p]=m$1 ^u ! sole ,supposition ( a ,gravitation t[>ds ! ,sun2 :i* _c be d5i$4 ,! ,motion ( ,comets is "h %ewn to be comp\nd$ ( ! same ,elem5ts1 & n to diff] f ,planets1 b 9 _! great] swiftness1 :]eby ov]p[]+ ! ,gravity t %\ld hold !m to ! ,sun1 z x do? ! ,planets1 !y flie (f aga91 & di/ance !mselves f ! ,sun & ,e>?1 s t !y soon are out ( our sight4 ,& ! imp]fect ,acc\nts & ,obs]vations ,antiquity has left u1 are n suffici5t to det]m9e :e!r ! same ,comet ev] return aga94 ,b ?is ,au?or has %ewn h[ ,geometrically to det]m9e ! ,orb ( a ,comet f ,obs]vations1 & to f9d 8 ,di/ance f ! ,e>? & ,sun1 :i* 0 nev] be=e done4 ,! ?ird ?+ "h done is ! ,!ory ( ! ,moon1 all ! ,inequalities ( ^: ,motion are prov$ to arise f ! same ,pr9ciples1 only "h ! effect ( two ,c5t]s op]at+ on1 or attract+ a project$ ,body1 comes to be consid]$2 = ! ,moon1 ?\gh pr9cipally attract$ by ! ,e>?1 & mov+ r\nd x1 does toge!r ) ! ,e>?1 move r\nd ! ,sun once a ,ye>1 & is1 accord+ z %e is ne>] or f>!r f ! ,sun1 drawn by him m or less ?an ! ,c5t] ( ! ,e>?1 ab\t :i* %e moves2 :5ce arise sev]al ,irregul>ities 9 h] ,motion1 ( all :i*1 ! ,au?or 9 ?is ,book1 ) no less ,subtility ?an ,indu/ry1 has giv5 a full acc\nt4 ,& ?\gh by reason ( ! great ,complication ( ! ,problem1 he has n yet be5 able to make x purely ,geometrical1 'tis to be hop$1 t 9 "s f>!r ,essay he may surm\nt ! difficulty3 ,& hav+ p]fect$ ! ,!ory ( ! ,moon1 ! long desir'd ,discov]y ( ! ,longitude 7:i* at ,sea is only practicable ?is way7 may at l5g? be br\ght to light1 to ! great ,hon\r ( y\r ,maje/y1 & ,advantage ( y\r ,subjects4 ,all ! surpris+ ,phnom5a ( ! ,flux & ,reflux ( ! ,sea1 are 9 l mann] %ewn to proce$ f ! same ,pr9ciple2 :i* ,i design m l>gely to insi/ on1 s9ce ! ,matt] ( ,fact is 9 ?is ,case mu* bett] kn[n to y\r ,maje/y ?an 9 ! =ego+4 ,if ! ,e>? 7 alone1 t is to say1 n affect$ by ! ,actions ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 x is n to be d\bt$1 b ! ,ocean1 be+ equally press'd by ! =ce ( ,gravity t[>ds ! ,c5t]1 w\ld cont9ue 9 a p]fect ,/agnation1 always at ! same height1 )\t ei!r ,ebb+ or ,fl[+2 b x be+ "h demon/rat$1 t ! ,sun & ,moon h a l ,pr9ciple ( ,gravitation t[>ds _! ,c5t]s1 & t ! ,e>? is )9 ! ,activity ( _! ,attractions1 x w pla9ly foll[1 t ! ,equality ( ! pressure ( ,gravity t[>ds ! ,c5t] w !reby be di/urb'd2 & ?\gh ! smallness ( ^! ,=ces1 9 respect ( ! ,gravitation t[>ds ! ,e>?'s ,c5t]1 r5d]s !m altoge!r imp]ceptible by any ,exp]im5ts we c devise1 yet ! ,ocean be+ fluid & yield+ to ! lea/ =ce1 by its ris+ %ews :]e x is less press'd1 & :]e x is m press'd by its s9k+4 ,n[ if we suppose ! =ce ( ! ,moon's ,attaction to decrease z ! ,squ>e ( ! ,di/ance f its ,c5t] increases 7z 9 ! ,e>? & o!r ,cle/ial ,bodies7 we %all f9d1 t :]e ! ,moon is p]p5dicul>ly ei!r above or bel[ ! ,horizon1 ei!r 9 ,z5i? or ,nadir1 !re ! =ce ( ,gravity is mo/ ( all dim9i%$1 & consequ5tly t !re ! ,ocean mu/ necess>ily swell by ! com+ 9 ( ! ,wat] f ^? p>ts :]e ! ,pressure is greate/1 viz4 9 ^? places :]e ! ,moon is ne> ! ,horizon3 ,b t ?is may be ! bett] und]/ood1 ,i ?\ght x ne$ful to add ! foll[+ ,figure1 7,vide ,fig4 #a4 ,plate #a47 :]e ,m is ! ,moon1 ,e ! ,e>?1 ,c its ,c5t]1 & ,z ! place :]e ! ,moon is 9 ! ,z5i?1 ,n :]e 9 ! ,nadir4 ,n[ by ! ,hypo!sis x is evid5t1 t ! ,wat] 9 ,z1 be+ ne>]1 is m drawn by ! ,moon1 ?an ! ,c5t] ( ! ,e>? ,c1 & t aga9 m ?an ! ,wat] 9 ,n2 :]e=e ! ,wat] 9 ,z ha? a t5d5cy t[>ds ! ,moon1 contr>y to t ( ,gravity1 be+ equal to ! excess ( ! ,gravitation 9 ,z1 above t 9 ,c3 ,& 9 ! o!r case1 ! ,wat] 9 ,n1 t5d+ less t[>ds ! ,moon ?an ! ,c5t] ,c1 w be less press$1 by z mu* z is ! diff]5ce ( ! ,gravitation t[>ds ! ,moon 9 ,c & ,n4 ,?is rightly und]/ood1 x foll[s pla9ly1 t ! ,sea1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be ,sph]ical1 ^u ! ,pressure ( ! ,moon1 mu/ =m x self into a ,sph]oidal or ,oval ,figure1 ^: longe/ ,diamet] is :]e ! ,moon is v]tical1 & %orte/ :]e %e is 9 ! ,horizon2 & t ! ,moon %ift+ h] ,position z %e turns r\nd ! ,e>? once a ,day1 ?is ,oval ( ,wat] %ifts ) h]1 occasion+ !reby ! two ,floods & ,ebbs obs]vable 9 ea* #be ,h\rs4 ,& ?is may suffice1 z to ! g5]al ,cause ( ! ,tides2 x rema9s n[ to %ew h[ naturally ?is ,motion acc\nts = all ! ,p>ticul>s t h be5 obs]v'd ab\t !m2 s t !re c be no room left to d\bt1 b t ?is is ! true cause !re(4 ,! ,spr+ ,tides ^u ! ,new & ,full ,moons1 & ,neap ,tides on ! ,qu>t]s1 are occasion'd by ! attractive ,=ce ( ! ,sun 9 ! ,new & ,full1 conspir+ ) ! ,attraction ( ! ,moon1 & produc+ a ,tide by _! unit$ ,=ces3 ,:]eas 9 ! ,qu>t]s1 ! ,sun raises ! ,wat] :]e ! ,moon depresses x1 & ! contr>y2 s z ! ,tides are made only by ! diff]5ce ( _! ,attractions4 ,t ! =ce ( ! ,sun is no great] 9 ?is ,case1 proce$s f ! v small ,proportion ! ,semi-diamet] ( ! ,e>? be>s to ! va/ di/ance ( ! ,sun4 ,x is also obs]v'd1 t ct]is p>ibus1 ! qu9octial ,spr+ ,tides 9 ,m>* & ,septemb]1 or ne> !m1 are ! ,highe/1 & ! ,neap ,tides ! l[e/2 :i* proce$s f ! great] ,agitations ( ! ,wat]s1 :5 ! fluid ,sph]oid revolves ab\t a great ,circle ( ! ,e>?1 ?an :5 x turns ab\t 9 a less] ,circle2 x be+ pla9 t if ! ,moon 7 con/itut$ 9 ! ,pole1 & !re /ood1 t ! ,sph]oid w\ld h a fix'd ,position1 & t x w\ld be always high ,wat] "u ! ,poles1 & l[ ,wat] e :]e "u ! qu9octial3 ,& !re=e ! ne>] ! ,moon approa*es ! ,poles1 ! less is ! agitation ( ! ,ocean1 :i* is ( all ! greate/1 :5 ! ,moon is 9 ! qu9octial1 or f>!/ di/ant f ! ,poles4 ,:5ce ! ,sun & ,moon1 be+ ei!r conjo9$ or opposite 9 ! qu9octial1 produce ! greate/ ,spr+ ,tides2 & ! subsequ5t ,neap ,tides1 be+ produc'd by ! ,tropical ,moon 9 ! ,qu>t]s1 are always ! lea/ ,tides2 :]eas 9 ,june & ,decemb]1 ! ,spr+ ,tides are made by ! ,tropical ,sun & ,moon1 & !re=e less vigor\s2 & ! ,neap ,tides by ! qu9octial ,moon1 :i* !re=e are ! /rong]3 ,h5ce x happ5s1 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,spr+ & ,neap ,tides 9 ^! ,mon?s1 is mu* less consid]able ?an 9 ,m>* & ,septemb]4 ,& ! reason :y ! v highe/ ,spr+ ,tides are f\nd to be r be=e ! ,v]nal & aft] ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 viz4 9 ,febru>y & ,octob]1 ?an precisely ^u !m1 is1 because ! ,sun is ne>] ! ,e>? 9 ! ,w9t] ,mon?s1 & s comes to h a great] effect 9 produc+ ! ,tides4 ,hi!rto we h consid]'d su* ,affections ( ! ,tides z are ,univ]sal1 )\t relation to p>ticul> ,cases2 :at foll[s f ! diff]+ ,latitudes ( places1 w be easily und]/ood by ! foll[+ ,fig4 7,vide ,fig4 #b4 ,plate #a47 ,let ,ap,e,p be ! ,e>? cov]'d ov] ) v deep ,wat]s1 ,c its ,c5t]1 ,p1 p1 its ,poles1 ,,ae ! qu9octial1 ,f1 f1 ! p>allel ( ,latitude ( a ,place1 ,d1 d1 ano!r ,p>allel at equal di/ance on ! o!r side ( ! qu9octial1 ,h1 h1 ! two ,po9ts :]e ! ,moon is v]tical1 & let ,k1 k1 be ! great ,circle1 :]e9 ! ,moon appe>s ,horizontal4 ,x is evid5t1 t a ,sph]oid describ'd ^u ,hh1 & ,kk1 %all ne>ly repres5t ! ,figure ( ! ,sea1 & ,cf1 ,,cd1 ,,cf1 ,cd1 %all be ! heigh?s ( ! ,sea 9 ! places f1 ,d1 ,f1 d1 9 all :i* x is ,high-wat]3 ,& see+ t 9 twelve ,h\rs "t1 by ! diurnal ,rotation ( ! ,e>?1 ! ,po9t ,f is transf]r'd to f1 & d to ,d3 ,! height ( ! ,sea ,,cf w be t ( ! ,high-wat] :5 ! ,moon is pres5t1 & ,cf t ( ! o!r ,high-wat]1 :5 ! ,moon is "u ! ,e>?3 ,:i* 9 ! case ( ?is ,figure is less ?an ! =m] ,,cf4 ,& 9 ! opposite ,p>allel ,dd1 ! contr>y happ5s4 ,! ,ris+ ( ! ,wat] be+ always alt]nately great] & less 9 ea* place1 :5 x is produc'd by ! ,moon decl9+ s5sibly f ! qu9octial2 t be+ ! greate/ ( ! two ,high-wat]s 9 ea* diurnal ,revolution ( ! ,moon1 :]e9 %e approa*es ne>e/ ei!r to ! ,z5i? or ,nadir ( ! place3 ,:5ce x is1 t ! ,moon 9 ! ,nor!rn ,signs1 9 ?is "p ( ! ,_w1 makes ! greate/ ,tides :5 above ! ,e>?1 & 9 ,s\!rn ,signs1 :5 "u ! ,e>?2 ! ,effect be+ always ! greate/ :]e ! ,moon is f>!/ f ! ,horizon1 ei!r above or bel[ x4 ,& ?is alt]nate ,increase & ,decrease ( ! ,tides has be5 obs]v'd to hold true on ! ,coa/ ( ,engl&1 at ,bri/ol by ,capta9 ,/urmy1 & at ,plym\? by ,mr4 ,colepresse4 ,b ! ,motions hi!rto m5tion$ are some:at alt]'d by ! ,libration ( ! ,wat]1 :]eby1 ?\gh ! ,action ( ! ,lum9>ies %\ld cease1 ! ,flux & ,reflux ( ! ,sea w\ld = "s "t cont9ue3 ,?is ,cons]vation ( ! impress'd ,motion dim9i%es ! diff]5ces t o!rwise w\ld be betwe5 two consequ5t ,tides1 & is ! reason :y ! highe/ ,spr+-,tides are n precisely on ! ,new & ,full ,moons1 nor ! ,neaps on ! ,qu>t]s2 b g5]ally !y are ! ?ird ,tides aft] !m1 & sometimes lat]4 ,all ^! ?+s w\ld regul>ly come to pass1 if ! :ole ,e>? 7 cov]'d ) ,sea v deep2 b by reason ( ! %oalness ( "s places1 & ! n>r[ness ( ! ,/reights1 by :i* ! ,tides are 9 _m cases propagat$1 !re arises a great div]sity 9 ! ,effect1 & n to be acc\nt$ =1 )\t an exact ,k ( all ! ,circum/ances ( ! ,places1 z ( ! ,position ( ! ,l&1 & ! ,bread? & ,dep? ( ! ,*annels by :i* ! ,tide fl[s2 = a v sl[ & imp]ceptible ,motion ( ! :ole ,body ( ! ,wat]1 :]e x is 7= ,example7 #b ,miles deep1 w suffice to raise its ,surface #aj or #ab ,feet 9 a ,tides "t2 :]eas1 if ! same quantity ( ,wat] 7 to be convey'd up a ,*annel ( #dj ,fa?oms deep1 x w\ld require a v great ,/ream to effect x1 9 s l>ge ,inlets z are ! ,*annel ( ,engl&1 & ! ,g]man ,ocean2 :5ce ! ,tide is f\nd to set /ronge/ 9 ^? places :]e ! ,sea gr[s n>r[e/2 ! same quantity ( ,wat] be+ to pass ?r\gh a small] ,passage3 ,?is is mo/ evid5t 9 ! ,/reights1 betwe5 ,portl& & ,cape de ,hague 9 ,norm&y1 :]e ! ,tide runs l a ,sluce2 & w\ld be yet m betwe5 ,dov] & ,calais1 if ! ,tide com+ ab\t ! ,isl& f ! ,nor? did n *eck x4 ,& ?is =ce be+ once impress'd ^u ! ,wat]1 cont9ues to c>ry x above ! level ( ! ord9>y height 9 ! ,ocean1 p>ticul>ly :]e ! ,wat] meets a direct ,ob/acle1 z x is at ,/4 ,malo's2 & :]e x ent]s into a long ,*annel1 :i* runn+ f> into ! ,l&1 gr[s v /reight at its ,extremity2 z x is 9 ! ,sev]n-,sea at ,*ep/[ & ,bri/ol4 ,?is %oalness ( ! ,sea1 & ! int]curr5t ,cont95ts are ! reason1 t 9 ! op5 ,ocean ! "t ( ,high wat] is n at ! ,moons appulse to ! ,m]idian1 b always "s ,h\rs aft] x2 z x is obs]v'd ^u all ! ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,europe & ,africa1 f ,irel& to ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope3 ,9 all :i* a ,s4 ,w4 ,moon makes ,high-wat]1 & ! same is report$ to be on ! ,we/ side ( ,am]ica4 ,b x w\ld be endless to acc\nt all ! p>ticul> ,solutions1 :i* are easie ,coroll>ies ( ?is ,hypo!sis2 z :y ! ,lakes1 su* z ! ,caspian ,sea1 & ,m$it]ranean ,seas1 su* z ! ,black ,sea1 ! ,/reights & ,baltick1 h no s5sible ,tides3 ,= ,lakes hav+ no ,communication ) ! ,ocean1 c nei!r increase nor dim9i% _! ,wat]1 :]eby to rise & fall2 & ,seas t communicate by su* n>r[ ,inlets1 & are ( s imm5se an ,ext5t1 _c 9 a few ,h\rs "t receive or empty ,wat] en\gh to raise or s9k _! ,surface any ?+ s5sibly4 ,la/ly1 to demon/rate ! ,excell5cy ( ?is ,doctr9e1 ! ,example ( ! ,tides 9 ! ,port ( ,tunk+ 9 ,*9a1 :i* are s extraord9>y1 & diff]+ f all o!rs we h yet he>d (1 may suffice4 ,9 ?is ,port !re is b "o ,flood & ,ebb 9 #bd ,h\rs2 & twice 9 ea* ,mon?1 viz4 :5 ! ,moon is ne> ! qu9octial !re is no ,tide at all1 b ! ,wat] is /agnant2 b ) ! ,moons ,decl9ation !re beg9s a ,tide1 :i* is greate/ :5 %e is 9 ! ,tropical ,signs3 ,only ) ?is diff]5ce1 t :5 ! ,moon is to ! ,nor?w>d ( ! qu9octial1 x ,fl[s :5 %e is above ! ,e>?1 & ,ebbs :5 %e is "u1 s z to make ,high-wat] at ,moons-sett+1 & ,l[-wat] at ,moons-ris+3 ,b on ! contr>y1 ! ,moon be+ to ! ,s\?w>d1 makes ,high-wat] at ris+1 & ,l[-wat] at sett+2 x ,ebb+ all ! "t %e is above ! ,horizon4 ,z may be se5 m at l>ge 9 ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 ,numb4 #afb4 ,! ,cause ( ?is odd ,appe>ance is propos'd by ,mr4 ,newton1 to be f ! concurr5ce ( two ,tides2 ! "o propagat$ 9 six ,h\rs out ( ! great ,s\?-,sea along ! ,coa/ ( ,*9a2 ! o!r out ( ! ,indian-,sea1 f betwe5 ! ,isl&s 9 twelve ,h\rs1 along ! ,coa/ ( ,malacca & ,cambodia4 ,! "o ( ^! ,tides1 be+ produc'd 9 ,nor? ,latitude1 is1 z has be5 said1 great]1 :5 ! ,moon be+ to ! ,nor? ( ! ,equator is above ! ,e>?1 & less :5 %e is "u ! ,e>?4 ,! o!r ( !m1 :i* is propagat$ f ! ,indian ,sea1 be+ rais$ 9 ,s\?-,latitude1 is great] :5 ! ,moon decl9+ to ! ,s\?1 is above ! ,e>?1 & less :5 %e is "u ! ,e>?3 ,s t ( ^! ,tides alt]nately great] & less]1 !re comes always successively two ( ! great] & two ( ! less] toge!r e ,day2 & ! ,high-wat] falls always betwe5 ! times ( ! arrival ( ! two great] ,floods2 & ! ,l[-wat] betwe5 ! arrival ( ! two less] ,floods4 ,& ! ,moon com+ to ! qu9octial1 & ! alt]nate ,floods becom+ equal1 ! ,tide ceases1 & ! ,wat] /agnates3 ,b :5 %e has pass'd to ! o!r side ( ! ,equator1 ^? ,floods :i* 9 ! =m] ,ord] 7 ! lea/1 n[ becom+ ! greate/1 t ,t be=e 0 ! "t ( ,high-wat]1 n[ becomes ! ,l[-wat]1 & ! ,conv]se4 ,s t ! :ole appe>ance ( ^! /range ,tides1 is )\t any =c+ naturally d$uc'd f ^! ,pr9ciples1 & is a great ,argum5t ( ! ,c]ta9ty ( ! :ole ,!ory4 ,a ,!ory ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magnetical ,compass4 ,by ,mr4 ,ed4 ,halley1 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,! ,v>iation ( ! ,compass 7by :i* ,i mean ! ,deflection ( ! ,magnetical ,ne$le f ! true ,m]idian7 is ( t great ,conc]nm5t 9 ! ,art ( ,navigation1 t ! neglect !re(1 does little less ?an r5d] useless "o ( ! noble/ ,inv5tions ,mank9d ev] yet atta9$ to4 ,& = ?is cause all ,%ips ( ,consequ5ce 7especially ^? b\nd beyond ! ,equator7 c>ry ) !m ,in/rum5ts on purpose to obs]ve ?is ,v>iation3 ,t s ! ,c\rse /e]'d by ! ,compass1 may be r$uc'd to ! true ,c\rse 9 respect ( ! ,m]idian4 ,n[ al?\gh ! great utility t a p]fect ,k ( ! ,!ory ( ! ,magnetical ,direction w\ld af=d to ,mank9d 9 g5]al1 & especially to ^? conc]n'd 9 ,sea ,affairs1 seems z suffici5t incitem5t to all ,philosophical & ,ma!matical ,heads1 to take "u s]i\s ,consid]ation ! sev]al ,phnom5a1 & to endeav\r to reconcile !m by "s g5]al ,rule3 ,yet s x is2 t almo/ all ! ,au?ors1 f :om a ,disc\rse ( ?is k9d ought to h be5 expect$1 pass by 9 sil5ce ! ,difficulties !y "h ,enc\nt]4 ,& ^? t m5tion ?is ,v>iation3 ,by affirm+ x to proce$ f ,causes altoge!r unc]ta9 7z are ! casual ly+ ( ,iron ,m9es & ,load/ones 9 ! ,e>?7 put a /op to all fur!r ,contemplation2 & give disc\ragem5t to ^? t w\ld o!rwise und]take ?is ,enquiry4 ',tis true1 t n long s9ce "o ,mr4 ,bond1 an old ,tea*] ( ,navigation1 put =? a small ,treatise1 :]e9 he pret5ds to calculate ! ,v>iation3 ,b he limits 8 ,hypo!sis to ! ,city ( ,london1 affirm+ himself 7z he _h a great deal ( reason7 t ! same ,calculus is n suffici5t = o!r ,places2 :]eby x appe>s t ?is ,rule is f> %ort ( ! s mu* desir'd g5]al "o4 ,n[ al?\gh 7?r\gh want ( suffici5t ,obs]vations1 & "s o!r ,difficulties1 :i* ,i %all anon %ew7 ,i _c pret5d p]fectly to e/abli% ! ,numb]s & ,rules ( a ,calculus1 :i* %all precisely answ] to ! ,v>iations ( all p>ts ( ! ,_w3 ,yet ,i suppose x w n be unacceptable to ! ,curi\s to propose some?+ ( a ,light into ?is ab/ruse ,my/]y2 :i*1 if no o!r1 may h ?is good ,effect1 to /ir up ! ,philosophical ,g5ii ( ! ,age to apply !mselves m att5tively to ?is useful ,speculation4 ,b be=e ,i proce$1 'twill be necess>y to lay d[n ! ,gr\nds ^u :i* ,i raise my ,conclusions2 & at once to give a ,synopsis ( ^? ,v>iations1 :i* ,i h reason to look ^u z sure1 be+ mo/ly ! ,obs]vations ( ,p]sons ( good ,skill & ,integrity4 ,a ,,table ,,( ,,v>iations4 ,names ( ,longitude ,latitude4 ,anno ,v>iation ,places4 f ,lon4 ,dom4 ,obs]v'd4 d m d m d m ,london #j #j #ea #cb ,n #aehj #aa #ae ,e #afbb #f #j ,e #afcd #d #e ,e #afgb #b #cj ,w ,p>is #b #be ,e #dh #ea ,n #afhc #d #cj ,w #afdj #c #jj ,e #afff #j #j #afha #b #cj ,w ,uraniburg #ac #j ,e #ee #ed ,n #afgb #b #ce ,w ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,cop5hag5 #ab #ec ,e #ee #da ,n #afdi #a #cj ,e #afgb #c #ce ,w ,dantzick #ai #j ,e #ed #bc ,n #afgi #g #jj ,w ,mompeli] #d #j ,e #dc #cg ,n #afgd #a #aj ,w ,bre/ #d #be ,w #dh #bc ,n #afhj #a #de ,w ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,rome #ac #j ,e #da #ej ,n #afha #e #j ,w ,bayonne #a #bj ,w #dc #cj ,n #afhj #a #bj ,w ,hudson's ,bay #gi #dj ,w #ea #jj ,n #affh #ai #ae ,w ,9 ,hud4 ,/raights #eg #jj ,w #fa #jj ,n #affh #bi #cj ,w ,9 ,baff9's ,bay at ,sir ,?omas ,smi?'s #hj #jj ,w #gh #jj ,n #afaf #eg #jj ,w ,s\nd ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,at ,sea #ej #j ,w #ch #dj ,n #afhb #g #cj ,w ,at ,sea #ca #cj ,w #dc #ej ,n #afhb #e #cj ,w ,at ,sea #db #j ,w #ba #j ,n #afgh #j #dj ,e ,cape ,/4 ,aug4 ( ,brazile #ce #cj ,w #h #j ,s #afgj #e #cj ,e ,cape ,frio #da #aj ,w #bb #dj ,s #afgj #ab #aj ,e ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,at ,sea (f ( ! ,m\4 ( ! ,riv] ,plate #ec #jj ,w #ci #cj ,s #afgj #bj #cc ,e ,at ! ,ea/ ,entrance ( ,magellan ,/raits #fh #jj ,w #eb #cj ,s #afgj #ag #jj ,e ,at ! ,w4 ,entrance ( ! ,magellan ,/raits #ge #jj ,w #ec #jj ,s #afgj #ad #aj ,e ,baldivia #gc #jj ,w #dj #jj ,s #afgj #h #aj ,e ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,at ,cape d',agulbas #af #cj ,e #cd #ej ,s #afbb #b #jj ,w #afge #h #jj ,w ,at ,sea #a #j ,e #cd #cj ,s #afge #j #jj ,at ,sea #bj #j ,w #cd #j ,s #afge #aj #cj ,e ,at ,sea #cb #j ,w #bd #j ,s #afge #aj #cj ,e ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,at ,/4 ,hel5a #f #cj ,w #af #jj ,s #afgg #j #dj ,e ,at ,asc5sion #ad #cj ,w #g #ej ,s #afgh #a #jj ,e ,at ,johanna #dd #jj ,e #ab #ae ,s #afge #ai #cj ,w ,at ,monbasa #dj #jj ,e #d #jj ,s #afge #af #jj ,w ,at ,zocatra #ef #jj ,e #ab #cj ,n #afgd #ag #jj ,w ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,at ,ad51 at ! ,mo4 ( ! ,r$ ,sea #dg #cj ,e #ac #jj ,n #afgd #ae #jj ,w ,at ,diego ,roiz #fa #j ,e #bj #j ,s #afgf #bj #cj ,w ,at ,sea #fd #cj ,e #j #j #afgf #ae #cj ,w ,at ,sea #ee #j ,e #bg #j ,s #afgf #bd #jj ,w ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,at ,bombay #gb #cj ,e #ai #j ,n #afgf #ab #jj ,w ,at ,cape ,comor9 #gf #jj ,e #h #ae ,n #afhj #h #dh ,w ,at ,balla=e #hg #jj ,e #ba #cj ,n #afhj #h #bj ,w ,at ,=t ,/4 ,george #hj #jj ,e #ac #ae ,n #afhj #h #aj ,w ,at ! ,w4 ,po9t ( ,java #ajd #jj ,e #f #dj ,s #afgf #c #aj ,w ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,at ,sea #eh #jj ,e #ci #j ,s #afgg #bg #cj ,w ,at ! ,isle ( ,/4 ,paul #gb #j ,e #ch #j ,s #afgg #bc #cj ,w ,at ,van ,dim5's ,l& #adb #j ,e #db #be ,s #afdb #j #j ,at ,new ,zeal& #agj #j ,e #dj #ej ,s #afdb #i #j ,e ,at ,?ree ,k+s ,isle 9 ,new ,zeal&4 #afi #cj ,e #cd #ce ,s #afdb #h #dj ,e ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,at ! ,isle ,rott]dam 9 ! ,s\? ,sea #ahd #jj ,e #bj #ae ,s #afdb #f #bj ,e ,on ! ,coa/ ( ,n4 ,gu94 #adi #jj ,e #d #cj ,s #afdc #h #de ,e ,at ! ,w4 ,p4 ( ,n4 ,gu94 #abf #jj ,e #j #bf ,s #afdc #e #cj ,e ,?o' ,i c\ld wi% we c\ld obta9 f ! ,spani>ds :at ,v>iations !y f9d 9 _! ,voyages f ! ,manilhas t[>ds ,acapulco1 ?r\gh ! ,nor? "p ( ! ,s\? ,sea2 z likewise :at x is at ,japan f ! ,dut*3 ,yet 7consid]+ ! numb] ( ^! ,obs]vations ,i h collect$1 & t !y are made 9 p>ts ( ! ,_w s remote f ,europe1 & f "o ano!r7 ,i suppose t ! ,!ory t answ]s ^! w sc>ce fail 9 ^? ,regions f :5ce we h z yet no acc\nt4 ,b fir/ we mu/ make "s ,rem>ks ^u ! =ego+ ,table3 ,&1 ,fir/1 ,t 9 all ,europe ! ,v>iation at ?is "t is ,we/1 & m 9 ! ,ea/]n ,p>ts !re( ?an ! ,we/]n3 ,z likewise1 t x seems ?r\gh\t to be ^u ! increase t way4 ,secondly1 ,t on ! ,coa/ ( ,am]ica1 ab\t ,virg9ia1 ,new-,engl& & ,new-,f\ndl&1 ! ,v>iation is likewise ,we/]ly2 & t x increases all ! way z y g ,nor!rly along ! ,coa/1 s z to be above #bj ,degrees at ,new-,f\nd-,l&1 ne>ly #cj gr4 9 ,hudson's ,/raights1 & n less ?an #eg ,degrees 9 ,baff9's ,bay2 also1 t z y ,sail ,ea/w>d f ?is ,coa/1 ! ,v>iation dim9i%es4 ,f ^! two x is a ,legitimate ,coroll>y3 ,t ,some:]e betwe5 ,europe1 & ! ,nor? "p ( ,am]ica1 !re ought to be an ,ea/]ly ,v>iation1 or at lea/ no ,we/]ly4 ,& s ,i conjecture x is ab\t ! ,ea/]mo/ ( ! ,t]c]a ,isl&s4 ,?irdly1 ,t on ! ,coa/ ( ,brasile !re is ,ea/ ,v>iation1 :i* increases v notably z y g to ! ,s\?w>d1 s z to be #ab ,degrees at ,cape ,frio1 & ov] aga9/ ! ,riv] ( ,plate #bj ,degrees3 ,& f !nce ,sail+ ,s\?-,we/]ly to ! ,/raits ( ,magellan x decreases #ag ,degrees1 & at ! ,we/ ,entrance b #ad ,degrees4 ,f\r?ly1 ,t at ! ,ea/w>d ( ,brasile1 prop]ly s call'd1 ?is ,ea/]ly ,v>iation decreases1 s z to be v little at ,/4 ,hel5a & ,asc5sion1 & to be q gone1 & ! ,compass ,po9t true ab\t #ah ,degrees ( ,longitude ,we/ f ! ,cape ( ,good-hope4 ,fif?ly1 ,t to ! ,ea/w>d ( ! a=esaid ,places a ,we/w>d ,v>iation beg9s1 :i* ,reigns 9 ! :ole ,indian ,sea1 & arises to no less ?an ,eighte5 ,degrees "u ! ,equator x self1 ab\t ! ,m]idian ( ! ,nor!rn "p ( ,madagasc>2 & ne> ! same ,m]idian1 b 9 #ci ,degrees ,s\? ,latitude x is f\nd full #bg ,degrees3 ,f !nce ,ea/]ly ! ,we/ ,v>iation decreases1 s z to be little m ?an eight ,degrees at ,cape ,comor91 & ?an ?ree ,degrees ^u ! ,coa/ ( ,java2 & to be q ext9ct ab\t ! ,molucca ,isl&s1 z also a little to ! ,we/w>ds ( ,van ,diem5s ,l& f\nd out by ! ,dut* 9 #afdb4 ,six?ly1 ,t to ! ,ea/w>d ( ! ,molucca's & ,van ,diem5s ,l& 9 ,s\? ,latitude !re arises ano!r ,ea/]ly ,v>iation1 :i* seems n s great z ! =m]1 nor ( s l>ge ,ext5t2 = t at ! ,isl& ,rott]dam x is s5sibly less ?an ^u ! ,ea/ ,coa/ ( ,new ,gu9ea2 &1 at ! rate x decreases1 x may well be suppos'd1 t ab\t #bj ,degrees f>!r ,ea/1 or #bbe ,degrees ,ea/ ,longitude f ,london1 9 ! ,latitude ( #bj ,degrees ,s\?1 a ,we/]ly ,v>iation beg9s4 ,sev5?ly1 ,t ! ,v>iations obs]v'd by ! ,hon\rable ,sir ,john ,norbor\gh at ,baldivia1 & at ! ,we/ ,entrance ( ! ,/raights ( ,magellan d pla9ly %ew1 t ,t ,ea/ ,v>iation1 not$ 9 our ?ird ,rem>k1 is decreas+ apace2 & t x _c reasonably ext5d _m ,degrees into ! ,s\? ,sea f ! ,coa/ ( ,p]u & ,*ili1 leav+ room = a small ,we/]ly ,v>iation1 9 t ,tract ( ! unkn[n ,_w t lies 9 ! mid-way betwe5 ,*ili & ,new-,zeal&1 & betwe5 ,h\nds-,isl& & ,p]u4 ,eigh?ly1 ,t 9 ,sail+ ,nor?-,we/ f ,/4 ,hel5a by ,asc5sion1 z f> z ! ,equator1 ! ,v>iation cont9ues v small ,ea/1 & z x 7 con/antly ! same3 ,s t 9 ?is "p ( ! ,_w ! ,c\rse1 :]e9 !re is no ,v>iation1 is evid5tly no ,m]idian1 b r ,nor?-,we/4 ,n9?ly1 ,t ! ,entrance ( ,hudson's ,/raights1 & ! ,m\? ( ! ,riv] ( ,plate1 be+ ne>ly "u ! same ,m]idian1 at ! "o place ! ,ne$le v>ies #bi ,degrees to ! ,we/2 at ! o!r #bj ,degrees to ! ,ea/4 ,?is pla9ly demon/rates ! impossibility ( reconcil+ ^! ,v>iations by ! ,!ory ( ,bond2 :i* is by two ,magnetical ,poles & an ,axis1 incl9'd to ! ,axis ( ! ,e>?2 f :5ce x w\ld foll[1 ,t "u ! same ,m]idian ! ,v>iation %\ld be 9 all places ! same way4 ,^! ?+s be+ premis$ may s]ve z a sure ,f\ndation to raise ! ,sup]/ructure ( a ,!ory ^u4 ,b fir/ x w\ld n be amiss to %ew h]eby ! mi/ake ( ,gilb]t & ,des ,c>tes3 ,! fir/ :]e( supposes1 t ! ,e>? x self be+ 9 all its p>ts ,magnetical1 & ! ,wat] n2 :]esoev] ! ,l& is1 ?i!r also %\ld ! ,ne$le turn1 z to ! great] quantity ( ,magnetical ,matt]4 ,b ?is 9 _m ,in/ances is n true2 b mo/ rem>kably ^u ! ,coa/ ( ,brazile1 :]e ! ,ne$le is s f> f be+ attract$ by ! ,l&1 t x turns ! q contr>y way1 leav+ ! ,m]idian to lye ,n b ,e1 :i* is j along ! ,coa/4 ,z to ! ,position ( ,des ,c>tes1 t ! ,iron & ,load/ones hid 9 ! ,b[els ( ! ,e>? & ! ,bottom ( ! ,sea1 may be ! ,causes t ! ,ne$le v>ies2 if we consid] = h[ great a "p ( ! ,e>?s ,surface1 ex4 gr4 9 ! :ole ,indian ,sea1 ! ,ne$le decl9es ! same way1 & t regul>ly1 'twill foll[ t ! attract+ ,sub/ance t occasions x1 mu/ be v f> di/ant4 ,n[ by ,exp]i5ce we f9d ! little =ce t ,iron ,guns h ^u ! ,compass 9 ,%ips 7_! ,v]tue1 ?\gh !y be ,demiculv]91 or great] ,cannon1 be+ n p]ceptible at f\r or five ,y>ds di/ance7 & ! ,exp]im5ts n[ be=e ! ,royal ,society d pla9ly %ew1 h[ little a ,magnetism !re is 9 mo/ crude ,iron ,o>s3 ,:at quantity !re( mu/ be !n suppos'd to make s p[]ful a ,div]sion at two or ?ree ,?\s& ,miles di/ance8 ,yet ,i _c d5y t 9 "s places ne> ! ,%o>1 or 9 ,%oal-,wat]1 ! ,ne$le may be irregul>ly direct$ f ! a=esaid ,causes1 & t n a little1 z ,gass5dus gives a notable in/ance ( ! ,isl& ,elba 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea3 ,b ^! diff]5ces f ! g5]al ,direction are always signs ( ! ne>ness ( ^? ,magnetical ,sub/ances1 = ! ,production :]e( t ,isl& ,elba has be5 fam\s f all ,antiquity4 ,besides1 aga9/ bo? ,des ,c>tes & ,gilb]t1 ! *ange ( ! ,v>iation1 :i* has be5 )9 ^! ,hundr$ ,ye>s la/ pa/ m ?an #ae gr4 at ,london1 is an entire ,demon/ration2 ?o' ,des ,c>tes does n /ick to say1 t ! transportation ( ,iron f place to place1 & ! gr[? ( new ,iron )9 ! ,e>?1 :]e !re 0 none be=e1 may be ! cause !re(4 ,! same holds likewise aga9/ ! ,hypo!sis ( ,magnetical ,fibres1 :i* ,kir*] ma9ta9s4 ,n[ to propose some?+ t may answ] ! sev]al appe>ances1 & introduce no?+ /range 9 ,philosophy1 aft] a great _m close ,?\ghts1 ,i c come to no o!r ,conclusion ?an t1 ,! :ole ,globe ( ! ,e>? is "o great ,magnet1 hav+ f\r ,magnetical ,poles1 or ,po9ts ( ,attraction1 ne> ea* ,pole ( ! ,equator4 ,two2 & t1 9 ^? p>ts ( ! ,_w :i* lie ne> adjac5t to any "o ( ^? ,magnetical ,poles1 ! ,ne$le is gov]n'd !reby1 ! ne>e/ ,pole be+ always pr$om9ant ov] ! m remote4 ,! p>ts ( ! ,e>? :]e9 ^! ,magnetical ,poles lie1 _c z yet be exactly det]m9'd = want ( suffici5t ,data to proce$ ,geometrically2 b1 z ne> z ,conjecture c rea*1 ,i reckon t ! ,pole1 :i* is at pres5t ne>e/ to u1 lies 9 or ne> ! ,m]idian ( ! ,l&s-end ( ,engl&1 & n above sev5 ,degrees f ! ,pole ,arctick2 by ?is ,pole ! ,v>iations 9 all ,europe & ,t>t>y1 & ! ,nor? ,sea are pr9cipally gov]n'd1 ?\gh ) reg>d to ! o!r ,nor!rn ,pole1 ^: situation is 9 a ,m]idian pass+ ab\t ! middle ( ,cali=nia1 & ab\t #ae gr4 f ! ,nor? ,pole ( ! ,_w2 to ?is ! ,ne$le has *iefly respect 9 all ! ,nor? ,am]ica1 & 9 ! two ,oceans on ei!r side !re(1 f ! ,azores ,we/w>d to ,japan1 & f>!r4 ,! two ,s\!rn ,poles are r f>!r di/ant f ! ,s\? ,pole ( ! ,_w3 ,! "o ab\t sixte5 ,degrees !refrom1 is 9 a ,m]idian1 "s tw5ty ,degrees to ! ,we/w>d ( ,magellan ,/raights1 or n9ety five ,degrees ,we/ f ,london3 ,?is comm&s ! ,ne$le 9 all ! ,s\?-,am]ica1 9 ! ,pacifick ,sea1 & ! greate/ "p ( ! ,e?iopick ,ocean4 ,! ,f\r? & la/ ,pole seems to h ! greate/ ,p[]1 & l>ge/ ,dom9ions ( all1 z x is ! mo/ remote f ! ,pole ( ! ,_w1 be+ little less ?an #bj ,degrees di/ant !refrom 9 ! ,m]idian1 :i* passes ?r\gh ,holl&ia ,nova1 & ! ,isl& ,celebes ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty ,degrees ,ea/ f ,london2 ?is ,pole is pr$om9ant 9 ! ,s\? "p ( ,africa1 9 ,arabia & ! ,r$ ,sea1 9 ,p]sia1 ,india1 & its ,isl&s1 & all ov] ! ,indian ,sea1 f ! ,cape ( ,good-,hope ,ea/w>ds to ! middle ( ! great ,s\? ,sea1 t divides ,asia f ,am]ica4 ,?is seems to be ! pres5t ,disposition ( ! ,magnetical ,v]tue ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,globe ( ! ,e>?2 x rema9s to %ew h[ ?is ,hypo!sis makes out all ! ,v>iations t h be5 obs]v'd ( late2 & h[ x answ]s to our sev]al ,rem>ks drawn f ! ,table4 ,& fir/ x is pla91 t 7our ,european ,nor? ,pole be+ 9 ! ,m]idian ( ! ,l&s-end ( ,engl&7 all places m ,ea/]ly ?an t w h x on ! ,we/ side ( _! ,m]idian1 & consequ5tly ! ,ne$le1 respect+ x ) its ,nor!rn ,po9t1 w h a ,we/]ly ,v>iation1 :i* w /ill be great] z y g to ! ,ea/w>ds1 till y come to "s ,m]idian ( ,russia1 :]e 'twill be greate/1 & f !nce decrease aga94 ,?us at ,bre/ ! ,v>iation is b #a ,degrees1 at ,london #d ,degrees2 b at ,dantzick sev5 ,degrees ,we/4 ,to ! ,we/w>d ( ! ,m]idian ( ! ,l&s-end1 ! ,ne$le ought to h an ,ea/]ly ,v>iation2 7 x n t 7by approa*+ ! ,am]ican ,nor!rn ,pole1 :i* lies on ! ,we/ side ( ! ,m]idian1 & seems to be ( great] =ce ?an ?is o!r7 ! ,ne$le is drawn !reby ,we/w>ds1 s z to c\nt]ballance ! ,direction giv5 by ! ,european ,pole1 & to make a small ,we/ ,v>iation 9 ! ,m]idian ( ! ,l&s-end x self4 ,yet ,i suppose t ab\t ! ,m]idian ( ! ,isle ,t]c]a1 our ne>e/ ,pole may s f> prevail z to give ! ,ne$le a little turn to ! ,ea/1 ?\gh b = a v small space3 ,! ,c\nt]ballance ( ^? two ,poles p]mitt+ no consid]able ,v>iation 9 all ! ,ea/]n ,p>ts ( ! ,atlantick ,ocean2 nor ^u ! ,we/ ,coa/s ( ,engl& & ,irel&1 ,france1 ,spa9 & ,b>b>y4 ,b to ! ,we/w>ds ( ! ,azores ! ,p[] ( ! ,am]ican ,pole ov]com+ t ( ! ,european1 ! ,ne$le has *iefly respect !reto1 & turns /ill m & m t[>ds x z y approa* x4 ,:5ce x comes to pass1 t on ! ,coa/ ( ,virg9ia1 ,new-,engl&1 ,new-f\nd-,l&1 & 9 ,hudson's-,/raights ! ,v>iation is ,we/w>d2 t x decreases z y g f !nce t[>ds ,europe1 & t x is less 9 ,virg9ia & ,new-,engl&1 ?an 9 ,new-f\nd-,l&1 & ,hudson's-,/raights4 ,?is ,we/]ly ,v>iation aga9 decreases1 z y pass ov] ! ,nor? ,am]ica2 & ab\t ! ,m]idian ( ! middle ( ,cali=nia ! ,ne$le aga9 po9ts due ,nor?2 & f !nce ,we/w>d to ,y$zo & ,japan1 ,i make no d\bt b ! ,v>iation is ,ea/]ly1 & half ! ,sea ov] no less ?an fifte5 ,degrees1 if !re be any tru? 9 ?is ,hypo!sis ( m9e4 ,!re=e ,i propose ?is z a ,trial1 t ! :ole may be scann'd !reby2 & ,i conceive x w n be h>d to "k ( ! ,spani>ds h[ x is1 :o s frequ5tly sail ?r\gh t ,ocean1 9 _! return f ! ,manilha ,isles4 ,?is ,ea/ ,v>iation ext5ds ov] ,japan1 ,y$zo1 ,ea/-,t>t>y1 & "p ( ,*9a1 till x meet ) ! ,we/]ly1 :i* is gov]n'd by ! ,european ,nor? ,pole1 & :i* ,i said 0 greate/ "s :]e 9 ,russia4 ,t[>ds ! ,s\!rn ,pole ! effect is mu* ! same1 only t "h ! ,s\? ,po9t ( ! ,ne$le is attract$4 ,h5ce x w foll[1 t ! ,v>iation on ! ,coa/ ( ,brazile1 at ! ,riv] ( ,plate1 & s on to ! ,/raights ( ,magellan1 %\ld be ,ea/]ly 7z 9 our ?ird ,rem>k72 if we suppose a ,magnetical ,pole situate ab\t tw5ty ,degrees m ,we/]ly ?an ! ,/raights ( ,magellan4 ,& ?is ,ea/]ly ,v>iation do? ext5d ,ea/w>d ov] ! greate/ "p ( ! ,e?iopick ,sea1 till x be c\nt]pois$ by ! ,v]tue ( ! o!r ,s\!rn ,pole2 z x is ab\t mid-way betwe5 ! ,cape ( ,good-,hope1 & ! ,isles ( ,tri/an d' ,acuntia4 ,f !nce ,ea/w>ds1 ! ,asian ,s\? ,pole 7z ,i mu/ take ! lib]ty to call x7 becom+ preval5t1 & ! ,s\? po9t ( ! ,ne$le be+ attract$ !reby1 !re arises a ,we/ ,v>iation1 v great 9 quantity & ext5t1 because ( ! great di/ance ( ?is ,magnetical ,pole ( ! ,_w4 ,h5ce x is1 t 9 all ! ,indian ,sea z f> z ,holl&ia ,nova1 & f>!r1 !re is con/antly ,we/ ,v>iation2 at t "u ! ,equator x self x arises to no less ?an eighte5 ,degrees1 :]e 'tis mo/4 ,ab\t ! ,m]idian ( ! ,isl& ,celebes1 be+ likewise t ( ?is ,pole1 ?is ,we/]ly ,v>iation ceases1 & an ,ea/]ly beg9s2 :i* rea*es1 accord+ to my ,hypo!sis1 to ! middle ( ! ,s\?-,sea1 betwe5 ,zel&ia ,nova1 & ,*ili1 leav+ room = a small ,we/ ,v>iation gov]n'd by ! ,am]ican ,s\? ,pole1 :i* ,i %ew'd to be 9 ! ,pacifick ,sea1 9 ! six? & sev5? ,rem>k4 ,:at ,i h n[ said1 does pla9ly %ew ! suffici5cy ( ?is ,hypo!sis = solv+ ! ,v>iations t are at ?is "t obs]v'd 9 ! temp]ate & frigid ,zones1 :]e ! ,direction ( ! ,ne$le *iefly dep5ds ^u ! ,c\nt]poise ( ! =ces ( two ,magnetical ,poles ( ! same ,nature2 & ,i suppose ,i h %ewn h[ x comes to pass1 t "u ! same ,m]idian ! ,v>iation %\ld be 9 "o place #bi ,we/1 & ano!r #bj ,ea/2 z ,i h not$ 9 my n9? ,rem>k4 ,9 ! ,torrid ,zone1 & p>ticul>ly "u ! ,equ9octial1 respect mu/ be _h to all f\r ,poles1 & _! ,positions well consid]'d1 o!rwise x w n be easie to det]m9e :at ! ,v>iations %all be2 ! ne>e/ ,pole be+ always ! /ronge/2 yet n s1 z n to be c\nt]ballanc'd sometimes by ! unit$ =ces ( two m remote2 a notable ,in/ance :]e( is 9 our eigh? ,rem>k1 :]e ,i took notice1 t 9 sail+ f ,/4 ,hel5a by ! ,isle ( ,asc5sion1 to ! ,equator1 on a ,n4 ,w4 ,c\rse1 ! ,v>iation is v little ,ea/]ly1 & 9 t :ole ,tract unalt]able2 = :i* ,i give ?is ,reason1 ,t ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,pole 7:i* is consid]ably ! ne>e/ 9 ! a=esaid ,places7 requir+ a great ,ea/]ly ,v>iation1 is c\nt]pois$ by ! contr>y ,attraction ( ! ,nor?-,am]ican & ! ,asian-,s\?-,pole2 ea* :]e( s+ly are 9 ^! ,p>ts1 weak] ?an ! ,am]ican-,s\?-,pole2 & ^u ! ,nor? ,we/ ,c\rse1 ! ,di/ance f ?is latt] is v little v>i$2 & z y rec$e f ! ,asian-,s\?-,pole1 ! ,ballance is /ill pres]v'd by ! access t[>ds ! ,nor?-,am]ican-,pole4 ,i m5tion n 9 ?is ,case ! ,european-,nor?-,pole1 its ,m]idian be+ little remov'd f ^? ( ^! places2 & ( x self requir+ ! same ,v>iations we "h f9d4 ,aft] ! same mann] we might proce$ to conclude ! ,v>iations 9 o!r places "u & ne> ! ,equator2 b ,i purposely leave x = an ,ex]cise to ! ,?\ghts ( ! s]i\s ,read]1 :o is desir'd to help 8 ,imag9ation1 by hav+ be=e him a ,map or ,globe ( ! ,e>?3 ,& to m>k !reon ! ,magnetical ,poles 9 ! ,longitudes & ,latitudes ,i assign !m4 7,vide ,plate #b47 ,?us1 ,i hope1 ,i h n lo/ my ,pa9s & ,/udy 9 ?is difficult ,subject2 believ+ t ,i h put x pa/ d\bt1 ,t !re are 9 ! ,e>? f\r su* ,magnetical ,po9ts or ,poles1 :i* occasion ! great v>iety & seem+ irregul>ity :i* is obs]v$ 9 ! ,v>iations ( ! ,compass4 ,b to calculate exactly :at x is1 9 any place assign'd1 is :at ,i d>e n yet pret5d to1 ?\gh ,i c\ld wi% x 7 my happ9ess to be able to oblige ! ,_w ) s useful a piece ( ,k2 !re are ,difficulties t occur1 t r5d] ! ?+ z yet n feasible2 = fir/ !re are a great _m ,obs]vations requisite1 :i* ought to be made at ! same "t2 n at ,sea1 b a%ore1 ) great] ,c>e & ,att5tion ?an ! g5]ality ( ,sailors apply4 ,& besides1 x rema9s undet]m9'd 9 :at proportion ! attractive ,p[] decreases1 z y remove f ! ,pole ( a ,magnet1 )\t :i* x 7 a va9 attempt to g ab\t to calculate4 ,!re is yet a fur!r ,difficulty1 :i* is ! ,*ange ( ! ,v>iation1 "o ( ! ,discov]ies ( ?is la/ ,c5tury2 :i* %ews1 t x w require "s hundr$s ( ,ye>s to e/abli% a compleat ,doctr9e ( ! ,magnetical ,sy/em4 ,f ! =ego+ ,table x %\ld seem1 t all ! ,magnetical ,poles _h a motion ,we/w>d3 ,b if x be s1 'tis evid5t1 t x is n a ,rotation ab\t ! ,axis ( ! ,e>?2 = !n ! ,v>iations w\ld cont9ue ! same1 9 ! same p>allel ( ,latitude 7! ,longitude only *ang'd7 z mu* z is ! motion ( ! ,magnetical ,poles1 b ! contr>y is f\nd by ,exp]i5ce2 = !re is no :]e 9 ! ,latitude ( #ae ,nor? betwe5 ,engl& & ,am]ica1 a ,v>iation ( elev5 ,degrees ,ea/ at ?is "t2 z x 0 once "h at ,london2 x seems !re=e1 t our ,european ,pole is gr[n ne>] ! ,pole ,arctick ?an x 0 h]et(ore1 or else t x has lo/ "p ( its ,v]tue4 ,b :e!r ^! ,magnetical ,poles move altoge!r ) "o motion1 or ) sev]al2 :e!r equally or unequally2 :e!r ,circul> or ,libratory3 ,if ,circul>1 ab\t :at ,c5t]2 if ,libratory1 aft] :at mann]2 are ,secrets z yet utt]ly unkn[n to ,mank9d1 & are res]v'd = ! ,indu/ry ( future ,ages4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,cause ( ! ,*ange ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magnetical ,ne$le1 ) an ,hypo!sis ( ! ,/ructure ( ! ,int]nal ,p>ts ( ! ,e>?2 z x 0 propos$ to ! ,royal ,society 9 "o ( _! late ,meet+s4 ,by ,mr4 ,edmund ,halley4 ,hav+ 9 ! prec$5t ,disc\rse deliv]$ a ,!ory ( ! ,v>iation ( ! ,magnetical ,compass1 :]e9 ,i did collect z _m ,obs]vations z at t "t ,i c\ld procure1 & hav+ c>efully comp>'d !m toge!r1 ,i came at l5g? to ?is g5]al conclusion1 ,t ! ,globe ( ! ,e>? might be suppos$ to be "o great ,magnet1 hav+ f\r ,magnetical ,poles or ,po9ts ( ,attraction1 ne> ea* ,pole ( ! ,equator two2 & t 9 ^? p>ts ( ! ,_w :i* lie ne> adjac5t to any "o ( ^? ,magnetical ,poles1 ! ,ne$le is *iefly gov]n'd !reby2 ! ne>e/ ,pole be+ always pr$om9ant ev] ! m remote4 ,& ,i !re h endeav\r'd to /ate & limit ! pres5t ,position ( ^? ,poles 9 ! ,surface ( our ,globe1 :i* ! ,read] pleas+ to consult1 w save u ! pa9s ( repeat+4 ,b aft] all1 ?o' t ,disc\rse 0 fav\rably receiv'd bo? at home & abroad1 z seem+ to r5d] a tol]able acc\nt ( ! obs]v'd ,v>iations1 yet ,i f\nd two ,difficulties n easie to surm\nt2 ! "o 01 t no ,magnet ,i _h ev] se5 or he>d (1 _h m ?an two opposite ,poles1 :]eas ! ,e>? _h visibly f\r1 & p]haps m4 ,& secondly1 x 0 pla9 t ^! ,poles 7 n1 at lea/ all ( !m1 fixt 9 ! ,e>?1 b %ift$ f place to place1 z appe>'d by ! great ,*anges 9 ! ,ne$les ,direction )9 ?is la/ ,c5tury ( ,ye>s1 n only at ,london1 7:]e ?is great ,discov]y 0 fir/ made7 b almo/ all ov] ! ,globe ( ,e>?2 :]eas x is n kn[n or obs]v'd t ! ,poles ( a ,load-/one ev] %ift$ _! place 9 ! ,/one1 nor 7consid]+ ! compact h>dness ( t ,sub/ance7 c x easily be suppos'd2 ?\gh ! ,matt] ( ,fact be too notori\s & univ]sal1 n to be acc\nt$ =4 ,^! ,difficulties _h :olly made me despond1 & ,i _h long s9ce giv5 ov] an ,inquiry ,i _h s little hopes (1 :5 9 accid5tal ,disc\rse1 & lea/ expect+ x1 ,i /umbl'd on ! foll[+ ,hypo!sis2 9 deliv]+ :]e(1 if ,i %all seem to advance any ?+ t looks l ,extravagant or ,romantick1 ! ,read] is desir'd to susp5d 8 ,c5sure1 till he h consid]'d ! =ce & numb] ( ! _m ,argum5ts :i* concur to make good s new & s bold a ,supposition4 ,?\gh x be suffici5tly kn[n & all['d1 t ! ,ne$les ,v>iation *anges1 x w be necess>y h[ev] to give a few ,in/ances1 :]eby x may appe> t ?is ,*ange is gradual & univ]sal1 & ! effect ( a great & p]man5t motion3 ,= :i* take ! foll[+ ,examples4 ,at ,london1 9 ! ,ye> #aehj1 ! ,v>iation 0 obs]v'd by ,mr4 ,burr[s to be #aa #ae' ,ea/4 ,9 ,anno #afbb1 ! same 0 f\nd by ,mr4 ,gunt] to be b #f #j' ,ea/4 ,9 ! ,ye> #afcd1 ,mr4 ,gellibr& f\nd x #d #e' ,ea/4 ,9 #afeg1 ,mr4 ,bond obs]v'd t !re 0 no ,v>iation at ,london4 ,anno #afgb1 my self obs]v'd x #b #cj' to ! ,we/2 & 9 ! ,ye> #afib1 ,i aga9 f\nd x #f #jj' ,we/4 ,s t 9 #aab ,ye>s ! ,direction ( ! ,ne$le has *ang'd no less ?an sev5te5 ,degrees4 ,at ,p>is1 ,orontius ,f9u ab\t ! ,ye> #aeej1 did acc\nt x ab\t eight or n9e ,degrees ,ea/ ,v>iation4 ,anno #afdj1 x 0 f\nd ?ree ,degrees ,ea/4 ,anno #affj1 !re 0 no ,v>iation !re1 & ,anno #afha1 ,i f\nd x to be #b #cj' to ! ,we/4 ,at ,cape d' ,agulhas1 ! mo/ ,s\!rly ,promont>y ( ,africa1 ab\t ! ,ye> #afjj1 ! ,ne$le po9t$ due ,nor? & ,s\? )\t ,v>iation1 :5ce ! ,portugueze gave its "n4 ,anno #afbb1 !re 0 two ,degrees ,we/ ,v>iation4 ,anno #afge1 x 0 #h #ej' ,we/2 & 9 ! ,ye> #afia1 x 0 curi\sly obs]v'd n less ?an elev5 ,degrees ,we/4 ,at ,/4 ,hel5a1 ab\t ! ,ye> #afjj1 ! ,ne$le decl9'd eight ,degrees to ! ,ea/4 ,anno #afbc1 x 0 b #f #j' ,ea/4 ,anno #afgg1 :5 ,i 0 !re1 ,i obs]v'd x accurately on ,%o> to be #j #dj' ,ea/2 & 9 #afib x 0 f\nd ab\t #a to ! ,we/w>d ( ! ,nor?4 ,at ,cape ,comor9e 9 ,india1 9 ! ,ye> #afbj1 !re 0 #ad #bj' ,we/ ,v>iation4 ,9 ! ,ye> #afhj1 !re 0 #h #dh'1 b n[ lately 9 ! ,ye> #afhh1 x 0 no m ?an #g #cj'1 s t "h ! ,ne$le has return'd to ! ,ea/ ab\t sev5 ,degrees 9 sev5ty ,ye>s4 ,9 all ! o!r ,examples ! ,ne$le has gradually mov'd t[>ds ! ,we/1 & ! places are too f> asund] to be influ5c'd by ! removal ( any ,magnetical ,matt]1 :i* may by accid5t be transplac'd )9 ! ,b[els1 or on ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?4 ,if m ,examples are desir'd1 ! ,read] may be furni%$ ) !m 9 ! ,portugueze ,r\ti] ( ,aleixo de ,motta 7writt5 ab\t ! ,ye> #afjj7 & 9 ! ,voyage ( ,beaulieu1 bo? publi%'d 9 ,mr4 ,!v5ot's fir/ ,collection ( curi\s ,voyages1 ,pr9t$ at ,p>is1 ,anno #affc2 :i* he is to comp>e ) ! ,j\rnals ( our late ,ea/ ,india ,voyag]s1 & ,i am assur'd1 t x w be !reby evid5t1 t ! ,direction ( ! ,ne$le is 9 no place fix'd & con/ant1 ?o' 9 "s x *ange fa/] ?an 9 o!rs3 ,& :]e = a long "t x has cont9u'd z x 7 unalt]'d1 x is !re to be und]/ood1 t ! ,ne$le has its greate/ ,deflection1 & is become ,/ation>y 9 ord] to return1 l ! ,sun1 9 ! ,tropick4 ,?is1 at pres5t1 is 9 ! ,indian ,sea1 ab\t ! ,isl& ,mauritius1 :]e is ! highe/ ,we/ ,v>iation1 & 9 a ,tract t5d+ f !nce into ! ,n4 ,n4 ,w4 t[>ds ! ,r$-,sea & ,egypt4 ,& 9 all ,places to ! ,we/w>d ( ?is ,tract1 all ov] ,africa & ! ,seas adjo9+1 ! ,we/ ,v>iation w be f\nd to h encreas'd2 & to ! ,ea/w>ds !re( z 9 ! ,example ( ,cape ,comor9e1 to h decreas$1 viz4 all ov] ! ,ea/-,indies1 & ! ,isl&s ne> x4 ,aft] ! l mann] 9 t ,space ( ,ea/ ,v>iation1 :i*1 beg9n+ ne> ,/4 ,hel5a1 is f\nd all ov] ! ,s\? ,am]ica1 & :i* at pres5t is highe/ ab\t ! ,m\? ( ,rio de la ,plata1 x has be5 obs]v'd1 t 9 ! ,ea/]n ,p>ts !re(1 ! ,v>iation ( ! ,ne$le gradually decreases2 b :e!r on ! contr>y x increases 9 ^? places :i* lie m ,we/]ly ?an t ,tract :]e9 ! highe/ ,ea/ ,v>iation is f\nd2 or h[ x may be 9 ! va/ ,pacifick ,sea1 we h n ,exp]i5ce en\gh to asc]ta91 only we may by ,analogy inf]1 t bo? ! ,ea/ & ,we/ ,v>iations !re9 d gradually increase & decrease aft] ! same ,rule4 ,^! ,phnom5a be+ well und]/ood & duly consid]'d1 d suffici5tly ev9ce1 ,t ! :ole ,magnetical ,sy/em is by "o1 or p]haps m motions translat$1 :e!r ,ea/w>ds or ,we/w>ds1 ,i %all anon discuss2 t ?is mov+ ?+ is v great1 z ext5d+ its effects f ,pole to ,pole1 & t ! motion !re( is n p] saltum1 b a gradual & regul> motion4 ,n[ consid]+ ! ,/ructure ( our ,t]raque\s ,globe1 x _c be well suppos'd t a v great "p !re( c move )9 x1 )\t notably *ang+ its ,c5t] ( ,gravity & ! ,equilibre ( its ,p>ts1 :i* w\ld produce v wond]ful ,effects 9 *ang+ ! ,axis ( diurnal ,rotation1 & occasion /range alt]ation 9 ! ,seas ,surface1 by ,inundations & ,recesses !re(1 su* z ,hi/ory nev] yet m5tion'd4 ,besides1 ! solid p>ts ( ! ,e>? are n to be grant$ p]meably by any o!r ?an fluid ,sub/ances1 ( :i* we "k none t are any ways ,magnetical4 ,s t ! only way to r5d] ?is motion intelligible & possible1 is to suppose x to turn ab\t ! ,c5t] ( ! ,globe1 hav+ its ,c5t] ( ,gravity fix'd & immoveable 9 ! same common ,c5t] ( ! ,e>?3 ,& !re is yet requir'd1 t ?is mov+ int]nal ,sub/ance be loose & deta*$ f ! ext]nal ,p>ts ( ! ,e>? :]eon we live2 = o!rwise1 7 x affix'd !reto1 ! :ole mu/ necess>ily move toge!r4 ,s !n ! ,ext]nal ,p>ts ( ! ,globe may well be reckon'd z ! ,%ell1 & ! ,int]nal z a ,nucleus or inn] ,globe1 includ$ )9 ours1 ) a fluid ,m$ium betwe51 :i* hav+ ! same ,common ,c5t] & ,axis ( diurnal ,rotation1 may turn ab\t ) our ,e>? ea* tw5ty f\r ,h\rs2 only ?is out] ,sph]e hav+ its turb9at+ motion "s small matt] ei!r swift] or sl[] ?an ! int]nal ,ball3 ,& a v m9ute ,diff]5ce 9 l5g? ( "t1 by _m ,repetitions becom+ s5sible1 ! ,int]nal ,p>ts w by degrees rec$e f ! ,ext]nal1 & n keep+ pace ) "o ano!r1 w appe> gradually to move ei!r ,ea/w>ds or ,we/w>ds by ! diff]5ce ( _! motions4 ,n[ suppos+ su* an ,int]nal ,sph]e hav+ su* a motion1 we %all solve ! two great ,difficulties we enc\nt]'d 9 my =m] ,hypo!sis3 ,= if ?is ext]i\r ,%ell ( ,e>? be a ,magnet1 hav+ its ,poles at a di/ance f ! ,poles ( diurnal ,rotation2 & if ! ,int]nal ,nucleus be likewise a ,magnet1 hav+ its ,poles 9 two o!r places1 di/ant also f ! ,axis2 & ^! latt] by a gradual & sl[ motion *ange _! place 9 respect ( ! ,ext]nal2 we may !n give a reasonable acc\nt ( ! f\r ,magnetical ,poles ,i presume to h demon/rat$ be=e2 z likewise ( ! ,*anges ( ! ,ne$les ,v>iations1 :i* till n[ ha? be5 unattempt$4 ,! ,p]iod ( ?is ,motion be+ wond]ful great1 & !re be+ h>dly an hundr$ ,ye>s s9ce ^! ,v>iations h be5 duly obs]v'd1 x w be v h>d to br+ ?is ,hypo!sis to a ,calculus1 especially s9ce1 ?\gh ! ,v>iations d increase & decrease regul>ly 9 ! same place1 yet 9 diff]+ places1 at no great di/ance1 !re are f\nd su* casual ,*anges !re( z c no ways be acc\nt$ = by a regul> ,hypo!sis2 z dep5d+ ^u ! unequal & irregul> di/ribution ( ! ,magnetical ,matt] )9 ! ,sub/ance ( ! ,ext]nal ,%ell or ,coat ( ! ,e>?1 :i* deflect ! ,ne$le f ! ,position x w\ld acquire f ! effect ( ! g5]al ,magnetism ( ! :ole4 ,( ?is ! ,v>iations at ,london & ,p>is give a notable ,in/ance1 = ! ,ne$le has be5 con/antly ab\t #a m ,ea/]ly at ,p>is ?an at ,london2 ?\gh x be c]ta9 t accord+ to ! g5]al effect1 ! ,diff]5ce ought to be ! contr>y way3 ,not)/&+ :i*1 ! ,v>iations 9 bo? places d *ange alike4 ,h5ce1 & f "s o!r ( l ,nature1 ,i conclude1 ,t ! two ,poles ( ! ,ext]nal ,globe are fixt 9 ! ,e>?1 & t if ! ,ne$le 7 :olly gov]n'd by !m1 ! ,v>iations !re( w\ld be always ! same1 ) "s little ,irregul>ities ^u ! acc\nt ,i b j n[ m5tion'd3 ,b ! ,int]nal ,sph]e hav+ su* a gradual translation ( its ,poles1 does influ5ce ! ,ne$le1 & direct x v>i\sly1 accord+ to ! result ( ! attractive or directive ,p[] ( ea* ,pole2 & consequ5tly !re mu/ be a ,p]iod ( ! ,revolution ( ?is ,int]nal ,ball1 aft] :i* ! ,v>iations w return aga9 z be=e4 ,b if x %all 9 future ,ages be obs]v'd o!rwise1 we mu/ !n conclude t !re are m ( ^! ,int]nal ,sph]es1 & m ,magnetical ,poles ?an ,f\r1 :i* at pres5t we h n a suffici5t numb] ( ,obs]vations to det]m9e1 & p>ticul>ly 9 t va/ ,m> del ,zur1 :i* occupies s great a "p ( ! :ole ,surface ( ! ,e>?4 ,if !n two ( ! ,poles be fixt & two moveable1 x rema9s to asc]ta9 :i* !y are t keep _! place2 & ?\gh ,i c\ld wi% we _h ! ,exp]i5ce ( ano!r ,c5tury ( ,ye>s to f\nd our ,conclusions ^u1 yet ,i ?9k we may safely det]m9e1 ,t our ,european ,nor? ,pole 7:i* 9 ! prec$5t ,disc\rse ,i suppos'd ne> ! ,m]idian ( ! ,l&s-end ( ,engl&1 & ab\t sev5 ,degrees !refrom7 is t ,t is moveable ( ! two ,nor!rn ,poles1 & t ,t has *iefly influ5c'd ! ,v>iations 9 ^! p>ts ( ! ,_w3 ,= 9 ,hudson's ,bay1 :i* is "u ! ,direction ( ! ,am]ican ,pole1 ! ,*ange is n obs]v'd to be ne> s fa/ z 9 ^! p>ts ( ,europe1 ?\gh t ,pole be mu* f>!r remov'd f ! ,axis4 ,z to ! ,s\? ,poles1 ,i take ! ,asian ,pole1 :i* ,i place ab\t ! ,m]idian ( ! ,isl& ,celebes to be ! fixt1 & consequ5tly ! ,am]ican ,pole to move2 f ! l ,obs]vation ( ! sl[ ,decrease ( ! ,v>iation on ! ,coa/ ( ,java1 & ne> ! ,m]idian ( ! ,asian ,pole2 ?\gh ,i mu/ confess to h no acc\nt ( ! effects ( ! o!r beyond ,magellan's ,/reights4 ,if ?is be all['d me1 'tis pla9 t ! fixt ,poles are ! ,poles ( ?is ,ext]nal ,%ell or ,cortex ( ! ,e>?1 & ! o!r two ! ,poles ( a ,magnetical ,nucleus includ$ & moveable )9 ! o!r4 ,x likewise foll[s1 t ?is ,motion is ,we/w>ds1 & by consequ5ce t ! a=esaid ,nucleus has n precisely atta9$ ! same degree ( ,velocity ) ! ext]i\r ,p>ts 9 _! diurnal ,revolution2 b s v ne>ly equals x1 t 9 #cfe ,revolves ! diff]5ce is sc>ce s5sible4 ,?is ,i conceive to arise f ! ,impulse :]eby ?is diurnal ,motion 0 impre/ on ! ,e>?1 be+ giv5 to ! ,ext]nal ,p>ts1 & f !nce 9 "t communicat$ to ! ,int]nal2 b n s z p]fectly to equal ! ,velocity ( ! fir/ ,motion impress'd on1 & /ill cons]v'd by ! sup]ficial ,p>ts ( ! ,globe4 ,z to ! quantity ( ?is ,motion x is almo/ impossible to def9e x1 bo? f ! ,nature ( ?is k9d ( ,obs]vation1 :i* _c be v accurately p]=m'd1 z also f ! small "t ^! ,v>iations h be5 obs]v'd1 & _! ,*ange discov]'d4 ,x appe>s by all ,circum/ances1 t its ,p]iod is ( _m ,c5turies ( ,ye>s1 & z f> z may be collect$ f ! ,*ange ( ! ,place1 :]e !re 0 no ,v>iation1 by reason ( ! ,equilibre ( ! two ,s\!rn ,magnetical ,poles1 viz4 f ,cape d' ,agulhas to ! ,m]idian ( ,/4 ,hel5a 7:i* is ab\t #bc degr4 9 ab\t n9ety ,ye>s7 & ( ! place :]e ! ,we/]ly ,v>iation is 9 its or greate/ ,deflection1 be+ ab\t half s mu*1 viz4 f ! ,isle ( ,diego ,roiz to ! ,s\? ,we/ ,p>ts ( ,madagasc>4 ,we may ) "s ,reason conjecture1 t ! ,am]ican ,pole has mov'd ,we/w>ds =ty six ,degrees 9 t "t1 & t ! :ole ,p]iod !re( is p]=m'd 9 sev5 hundr$ ,ye>s1 or !reab\ts2 s t ! nice ,det]m9ation ( ?is1 & ( sev]al o!r ,p>ticul>s 9 ! ,magnetick ,sy/em is res]v'd = remote ,po/]ity2 all t we c hope to d1 is to leave beh9d u ,obs]vations t may be confid$ 91 & to propose an ,hypo!sis :i* aft] ,ages may exam9e1 am5d or refute4 ,only "h ,i mu/ take leave to recomm5d to all ,ma/]s ( ,%ips1 & all o!rs1 ,lov]s ( ,natural ,tru?s1 t !y use _! utmo/ ,dilig5ce to make1 or procure to be made1 ,obs]vations ( ^! ,v>iations 9 all p>ts ( ! ,_w1 z well 9 ! ,nor? z ,s\? ,latitude 7aft] ! laudable ,cu/om ( our ,ea/ ,india ,comm&]s7 & t !y please to communicate !m to ! ,royal ,society1 9 ord] to leave z compleat a ,hi/ory z may be to ^? t are h]eaft] to comp>e all toge!r1 & to compleat & p]fect ?is ab/ruse ,!ory4 ,& by ! way x w n be amiss to am5d a receiv'd ,error 9 ! ,practice ( obs]v+ ! ,v>iation1 :i* is1 to take x by ! ,amplitude ( ! ,ris+ & ,sett+ ,sun1 :5 8 ,c5t] appe>s 9 ! visible ,horizon2 :]eas he ought to be obs]v'd :5 8 "u ,limb is /ill above ! ,horizon ab\t ( 8 ,diamet]1 or tw5ty ,m9utes1 ^u ! score ( ! ,refraction1 & ! height ( ! ,eye ( ! ,obs]v] above ! ,surface ( ! ,sea3 ,or else !y are to "w ! ,amplitudes z !y d ! ,azimu?1 reckon+ ! ,suns ,di/ance f ! ,z5i? #ij #cf'3 ,?is1 ?\gh x be ( little consequ5ce ne> ! qu9octial1 w make a great ,error 9 high ,latitudes1 :]e ! ,sun rises & sets obliquely4 ,b to return to our ,hypo!sis1 ,9 ord] to expla9 ! ,*ange ( ! ,v>iations1 we h adv5tur'd to make ! ,e>? holl[1 & to place ano!r ,globe )9 x2 & ,i d\bt n b ?is w f9d ,oppos]s en\gh4 ,i "k 'twill be ,object$1 ,t !re is no ,in/ance 9 ,nature ( ! l ?+2 t if !re 0 su* a middle ,globe x w\ld n keep its place 9 ! ,c5t]1 b be apt to deviate !refrom1 & might possibly *ock aga9/ ! ,concave ,%ell1 to ! ru91 or at lea/ endammag+ !re(2 ,t ! ,wat] ( ! ,sea w\ld p]petually leak ?r\gh1 unless we suppose ! ,cavity full ( ,wat]2 ,t 7 x possible1 yet x does n appe> ( :at use su* an inw>d ,sph]e c be (1 be+ %ut up 9 ,et]nal ,d>kness1 & !re=e unfit = ! ,production ( ,animals or ,plants2 ) _m m ,objections1 accord+ to ! ,fate ( all su* new ,propositions4 ,to ^!1 & all o!r t ,i c =esee1 ,i briefly ,answ]1 ,t ! ,r+ environ+ ! ,globe ( ,saturn is a notable ,in/ance ( ?is k9d1 z hav+ ! same common ,c5t]1 & mov+ along ) ! ,planet1 )\t s5sibly approa*+ him on "o side m ?an ! o!r4 ,& if ?is ,r+ 7 turn'd on "o ( its ,diamet]s1 x w\ld !n describe su* a ,concave ,sph]e z ,i suppose our ,ext]nal "o to be4 ,& s9ce ! ,r+1 9 any ,position giv51 w\ld1 9 ! same mann]1 keep ! ,c5tre ( ,saturn 9 its own1 x foll[s1 t su* a ,concave ,sph]e may move ) ano!r includ$ 9 x1 hav+ ! same common ,c5tre4 ,nor c x well be suppos'd o!rwise1 consid]+ ! ,nature ( ,gravity2 = %\ld ^! ,globes be adju/$ once to ! same common ,c5tre1 ! ,gravity ( ! p>ts ( ! ,concave w\ld press equally t[>ds ! ,c5tre ( ! inn] ,ball1 :i* equality mu/ necess>ily cont9ue till "s ,ext]nal ,=ce di/urb x1 :i* is n easie to imag9e 9 our ,case4 ,?is p]haps ,i might m intelligibly express1 by say+ t ! inn] ,globe be+ posit$ 9 ! ,c5tre ( ! ,ext]i\r1 mu/ necess>ily asc5d :i* way soev] x move2 t is1 x mu/ ov]come ! =ce ( ,gravity press+ t[>ds ! common ,c5tre1 by an impulse x mu/ receive f "s outw>d ,ag5t2 b all outw>d ,ef=ts be+ suffici5tly f5c'd aga9/ by ! ,%ell t surr\nds x1 x foll[s1 t ?is ,nucleus be+ once fixt 9 ! common ,c5tre1 mu/ always !re rema94 ,z to ! leak+ ( ! ,wat] ?r\gh ?is ,%ell1 :5 once a passage %all be f\nd = x to run ?r\gh1 ,i mu/ confess x is an ,objection seem+ly ( weight2 b :5 we consid] h[ tightly great ,b$s ( ,*alk or ,clay1 & mu* m ,/one d hold ,wat]1 & ev5 ,caves ar*'d ) ,s&2 no ,man c d\bt b ! ,wisdom ( ! ,creator has provid$ = ! ,macrocosm by _m m ways ?an ,i c ei!r imag9e or express1 especially s9ce we see ! admirable & innum]able ,contrivances :]e) ea* wor?less ,individual is furni%'d bo? to def5d x self1 & propagate its ,species4 ,:at ,curiosity 9 ! ,/ructure1 :at ,accuracy 9 ! ,mixture & ,composition ( ! p>ts1 ought n we to expect 9 ! ,fabrick ( ?is ,globe1 made to be ! la/+ ,habitation ( s _m v>i\s ,species ( ,animals1 9 ea* ( :i* !re want n _m ,in/ances t manife/ ! b\ndless ,p[] & ,goodness ( _! ,div9e ,au?or2 & c we !n ?9k x a h>d ,supposition1 t ! ,int]nal ,p>ts ( ?is ,bubble ( ,e>? %\ld be replete ) su* ,sal9e & ,vitriolick ,p>ticles z may contribute to ,petrefaction1 & dispose ! transud+ ,wat] to %oot & coagulate into ,/one1 s z cont9ually to =tifie1 &1 if ne$ 71 to consolidate any brea* or flaw 9 ! ,concave ,surface ( ! ,%ell4 ,& ?is p]haps may n )\t ,reason be suppos'd to be ! f9al ,cause ( ! admixture ( ! ,magnetical ,matt] 9 ! ,mass ( ! ,t]re/rial p>ts ( our ,globe1 viz4 ,to make good & ma9ta9 ! ,concave ,ar* ( ?is ,%ell3 ,= by :at ! ,excell5t ,mr4 ,newton has %ewn 9 8 ,pr9cipia ,philosophi1 x w foll[1 t accord+ to ! g5]al ,pr9ciple ( ,gravity1 visible ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,univ]se1 all ^? ,p>ticles t by l5g? ( "t1 or o!rwise1 %all m\ld] away1 or become loose on ! ,concave ,surface ( ! ,ext]nal ,sph]e1 w\ld fall 91 & ) great =ce desc5d on ! ,int]nal1 unless ^? ,p>ticles 7 ( ano!r sort ( ,matt] capable by _! /rong] t5d5cy to ea* o!r1 to susp5d ! =ce ( ,gravity2 b we "k no o!r ,sub/ances capable ( support+ ea* o!r by _! mutual ,attraction b ! ,magnetical1 & ^! we see miracul\sly to p]=m t ,(fice1 ev5 :]e ! ,p[] ( ,gravity has its full effect1 mu* m )9 ! ,globe :]e x is weak]4 ,:y !n may we n suppose ^! said ,ar*es to be l9'd ?r\gh\t ) a ,magnetical ,matt]1 or r to be "o great ,concave ,magnet1 ^: two ,poles are ! ,poles we h be=e obs]v'd to be fixt 9 ! ,surface ( our ,globe4 ,ano!r ,argum5t1 fav\r+ ?is ,hypo!sis1 is drawn f a ,proposition ( ! same ,mr4 ,newton1 :]e he det]m9es ! =ce :]e) ! ,moon moves ! ,sea 9 produc+ ! ,tides3 ,8 ,words are1 ,d5sitas ,lun e/ ad d5sitatem ,t]ra ut #fhj ad #chg seu #i ad #e quamproxim4 ,e/ igitur corpus ,lun d5sius ac magis t]re/re quam ,t]ra no/ra1 p4 #dff4 ,n[ if ! ,moon be m solid ?an ! ,e>?1 z #i to #e1 :y may we n reasonably suppose ! ,moon1 be+ a small ,body1 & a second>y ,planet1 to be solid ,e>?1 ,wat]1 ,/one1 & ?is ,globe to consi/ ( ! same ,mat]ials1 only f\r ,n9?s !re( to be ,cavity1 )9 & betwe5 ! ,int]nal ,sph]es2 :i* ,i w\ld r5d] n improbable4 ,to ^? t %all enquire ( :at use ^! includ$ ,globes c be1 x mu/ be all['d1 t !y c be ( v little s]vice to ! ,inhabitants ( ?is outw>d ,_w1 nor c ! ,sun be s]viceable to !m1 ei!r ) 8 ,light or ,heat4 ,b s9ce x is n[ tak5 = grant$1 t ! ,e>? is "o ( ! ,planets1 & !y all are ) ,reason suppos'd ,habitable1 ?\gh we are n able to def9e by :at sort ( ,animals2 & s9ce we see all ! p>ts ( ! ,creation ab\nd ) ,animate ,be+s1 z ! ,air ) ,birds & ,flies1 ! ,wat] ) ! num]\s v>ieties ( ,fi%1 & ! v ,e>? ) ,reptiles ( s _m sorts2 all ^: ways ( ,liv+ w\ld be to u incr$ible did n daily ,exp]i5ce tea* u4 ,:y !n %\ld we ?9k x /range t ! prodigi\s ,mass ( ,matt]1 :]e( ?is ,globe does consi/1 %\ld be capable ( "s o!r improvem5t ?an b>ely to s]ve to support its ,surface8 ,:y may n we r suppose t ! exce$+ small quantity ( solid ,matt]1 9 respect ( ! fluid !r1 is s dispos'd by ! ,almighty ,wisdom1 z to yield z great a ,surface = ! use ( liv+ ,creatures1 z c consi/ ) ! conv5i5cy & security ( ! :ole8 ,we our selves1 9 ,cities :]e we are press$ = ,room1 commonly build _m ,/ories "o ov] ! o!r1 & !reby accommodate a mu* great] multitude ( ,inhabitants4 ,b /ill x w be said1 ,t )\t ,light !re c be no liv+1 & !re=e all ?is app>atus ( our inw>d ,globes mu/ be useless3 ,to ?is ,i ,answ]1 ,t !re are _m ways ( produc+ ,light :i* we are :olly ignorant (2 ! ,m$ium x self may be always lum9\s aft] ! mann] ( our ,ignes fatui4 ,! ,concave ,ar*es may 9 sev]al places %9e ) su* a ,sub/ance z inve/s ! ,surface ( ! ,sun2 nor c we1 )\t a boldness unbecom+ a ,philosoph]1 adv5ture to ass]t ! impossibility ( peculi> ,lum9>ies bel[1 ( :i* we h no sort ( ,idea4 ,i am sure ! ,poets ,virgil & ,claudian h gone be=e me 9 ?is ,?\ght1 inlightn+ _! ,elysian ,fields ) ,sun & ,/>s prop] to ^? inf]nal1 or r int]nal ,regions4 ,virg4 neid4 #f4 ,l>gior hic compos !r lum9e ve/it ,purpureo2 ,solemque suum sua ,sid]a norunt4 ,& ,claudian lib #b4 ,de ,raptu ,pros]p94 ,amissum ne cr$e diem1 sunt alt]a nobis ,sid]a1 sunt orbes alii1 lumnque videbis ,purius1 ,elysiumque magis mirab]e ,solem4 ,& ?\gh ?is be n to be e/eem'd z an ,argum5t1 yet ,i may take ! lib]ty ,i see o!rs d1 to quote ! ,poets :5 x makes = my purpose4 ,la/ly1 ,to expla9 yet f>!r :at ,i mean1 ,i h adv5tur'd to adjo9 ! foll[+ ,s*eme1 7,tab4 #a4 ,fig4 #c7 :]e9 ! ,e>? is repres5t$ by ! outw>d ,circle1 & ! ?ree inw>d ,circles are made ne>ly proportionable to ! ,magnitudes ( ! ,planets ,v5us1 ,m>s & ,m]cury1 all :i* may be includ$ )9 ! ,globe ( ,e>?1 & all ! ,ar*es m ?an suffici5tly /rong to be> _! weight4 ,! ,concave ( ea* ,ar*1 :i* is %ad$ diff]5tly f ! re/1 ,i suppose to be made up ( ,magnetical ,matt]2 & ! :ole to turn ab\t ! same common ,axis pp1 only ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! ,out] ,sph]e /ill moves some:at fa/] ?an ! ,inn]4 ,?us ! ,diamet] ( ! ,e>? be+ ab\t eight ?\s& ,engli% ,miles1 ,i all[ five hundr$ ,miles = ! ?ickness ( its ,%ell1 & ano!r space ( five hundr$ ,miles = a ,m$ium betwe51 capable ( an imm5se ,atmosph]e = ! use ( ! ,globe ( ,v5us3 ,v5us aga9 ,i give a ,%ell ( ! same ?ickness1 & leave z great a space betwe5 h] ,concave & ,m>s2 s likewise f ,m>s to ,m]cury1 :i* latt] ,ball we w suppose solid1 & ab\t two ?\s& ,miles ,diamet]4 ,?us ,i h %ew'd a possibility ( a mu* m ample ,creation1 ?an has hi!rto be5 imag9'd2 & if ?is seem /range to ^? t are unacqua9t$ ) ! ,magnetical ,sy/em1 x is hop'd t all su* w endeav\r1 fir/1 to in=m !mselves ( ! ,matt] ( ,fact1 & !n try if !y c f9d out a m simple ,hypo!sis1 at lea/ a less absurd1 ev5 9 _! own ,op9ions4 ,& :]eas ,i h adv5tur'd to make ^! ,subt]rane\s ,orbs capable ( be+ ,inhabit$1 'twas done design$ly = ! sake ( ^? :o w be apt to ask cui bono1 & ) :om ,argum5ts drawn f ,f9al ,causes prevail mu*4 ,if ?is %ort ,essay %all f9d a k9d ,acceptance1 ,i %all be enc\rag'd to enquire f>!r1 & to ,poli% ?is r\gh ,draft ( a ,notion till hi!rto n s mu* z />t$ 9 ! ,_w1 & ( :i* we c\ld h no ,intimation f any o!r ( ! ,phnom5a ( ,nature4 ,s9ce ?is 0 writt51 a ,discov]y ,i h made 9 ! ,cle/ial ,motions1 seems to r5d] a f>!r ,acc\nt ( ! ,use ( ! ,cavity ( ! ,e>?1 viz4 ,to dim9i% ! ,specifick ,gravity !re(1 9 respect ( ! ,moon2 = ,i ?9k ,i c demon/rate t ! ,opposition ( ! !r to ! ,motions ( ! ,planets 9 long "t becomes s5sible2 & consequ5tly ! great] ,body mu/ receive a less ,opposition ?an ! small]1 unless ! ,specifick ,gravity ( ! small] d proportionably exce$ t ( ! great]1 9 :i* case only !y c move toge!r2 s t ! ,cavity ,i assign 9 ! ,e>?1 may well s]ve to adju/ its weight to t ( ! ,moon1 = o!rwise ! ,e>? w\ld leave ! ,moon beh9d x1 & %e become ano!r ,prim>y ,planet4 ,an ,hi/orical ,acc\nt ( ! ,trade ,w9ds & ,monsoons1 obs]vable 9 ! ,seas betwe5 & ne> ! ,tropicks1 ) an attempt to assign ! ,physical ,cause ( ! said ,w9ds1 by ,mr4 ,ed4 ,halley4 ,an exact ,relation ( ! con/ant & p]iodical ,w9ds1 obs]vable 9 sev]al ,tracts ( ! ,ocean1 is a "p ( ,natural ,hi/ory n less desireable & useful1 ?an x is difficult to obta91 & its ,phnom5a h>d to explicate3 ,i am n ignorant t sev]al ,writ]s h und]tak5 ?is ,subject1 & al?\gh ,v>5ius 7,lib4 #a4 ,*ap4 #ba4 ,geo4 ,g547 seems to h endeav\r'd aft] ! be/ in=mation f ,voyag]s1 yet _c 8 ,acc\nts be admitt$ = accurate1 by ^? t %all att5tively consid] & comp>e !m toge!r1 & "s ( !m are mo/ evid5t ,mi/akes2 :i*1 z ne> z ,i c1 ,i %all attempt to rectify1 hav+ _h ! opportunity ( conv]s+ ) ,navigators1 acqua9t$ ) all p>ts ( ,india1 & hav+ liv'd a consid]able "t betwe5 ! ,tropicks1 & !re made my own ,rem>ks4 ,! ,sub/ance ( :at ,i h collect$ is briefly z foll[s4 ,! ,univ]sal ,ocean may mo/ prop]ly be divid$ into ?ree ,p>ts1 viz4 #a4 ,! ,atlantick & ?iopick-,sea4 #b4 ,! ,indian ,ocean4 #c4 ,! ,great ,s\? ,sea1 or ! ,pacifick ,ocean2 & ?\gh ^! ,seas d all communicate by ! ,s\?1 yet z to our pres5t purpose ( ! ,trade ,w9ds1 !y are suffici5tly sep>at$ by ! int]position ( great ,tracts ( ,l&2 ! fir/ ly+ betwe5 ,africa & ,am]ica1 ! second betwe5 ,africa & ! ,indian ,isl&s1 & ,holl&ia ,nova2 & ! la/ betwe5 ! ,phillip9e ,isles1 ,*9a1 ,japan & ,holl&ia ,nova on ! ,we/1 & ! ,coa/ ( ,am]ica on ! ,ea/4 ,n[ foll[+ ?is natural division ( ! ,seas1 s w we divide our ,hi/ory into ?ree p>ts 9 ! same ord]4 ,i4 ,9 ! ,atlantick & ?iopick ,seas betwe5 ! ,tropicks1 !re is a g5]al ,ea/]ly ,w9d all ! ,ye> long1 )\t any consid]able ,v>iation1 except+ t x is subject to be deflect$ !refrom1 "s few ,po9ts ( ! ,compass t[>ds ! ,nor? or ,s\?1 accord+ to ! ,position ( ! place4 ,! ,obs]vations :i* h be5 made ( ^! ,deflections1 are ! foll[+4 #a4 ,t ne> ! ,coa/ ( ,africa1 z soon z y h pass'd ! ,can>y ,isles1 y are sure to meet a fre% ,gale ( ,nor? ,ea/ ,w9d1 ab\t ! ,latitude ( #bh ,degrees ,nor?1 :i* seldom comes to ! ,ea/w>ds ( ! ,ea/ ,nor?-,ea/1 or passes ! ,nor? ,nor?-,ea/4 ,?is ,w9d accompanies ^? b\nd to ! ,s\?w>d1 to ! ,latitude ( t5 ,nor?1 & ab\t a hundr$ ,leagues f ! ,gu9ea ,coa/1 :]e1 till ! f\r? ,degree ( ,nor? ,latitude1 !y fall into ! ,calms & ,tornadoes2 ( :i* m h]eaft]4 #b4 ,t ^? b\nd to ! ,c>ibbee ,isles1 f9d1 z !y approa* ! ,am]ican side1 t ! a=esaid ,nor?-,ea/ ,w9d becomes /ill m & m ,ea/]ly1 s z sometimes to be ,ea/1 sometimes ,ea/ by ,s\?1 b yet mo/ commonly to ! ,nor?w>d ( ! ,ea/ a ,po9t or two1 seldom m4 ',tis likewise obs]v'd1 t ! /r5g? ( ^! ,w9ds does gradually decrease1 z y sail to ! ,we/w>ds4 #c4 ,t ! limits ( ! ,trade & v>iable ,w9ds1 9 ?is ,ocean1 are f>!r ext5d$ on ! ,am]ican side ?an ! ,african2 = :]eas y meet n ) ?is c]ta9 ,w9d till aft] y h pass'd ! ,latitude ( tw5ty eight ,degrees on ?is side2 on ! ,am]ican side x commonly holds to ?irty1 ?irty "o1 or ?irty two ,degrees ( ,latitude2 & ?is is v]ifi$ likewise to ! ,s\?w>ds ( ! qu9octial1 = ne> ! ,cape ( ,good-,hope ! limits ( ! ,trade ,w9ds1 are ?ree or f\r ,degrees ne>] ! ,l9e1 ?an on ! ,coa/ ( ,brazile4 #d4 ,t f ! ,latitude ( f\r ,degrees ,nor?1 to ! a=esaid ,limits on ! ,s\? ( ! quator1 ! ,w9ds are g5]ally & p]petually betwe5 ! ,s\? & ,ea/1 & mo/ commonly betwe5 ! ,s\?-,ea/ & ,ea/1 obs]v+ always ?is ,rule1 ,t on ! ,african side !y are m ,s\!rly1 on ! ,brazilian m ,ea/]ly1 s z to become almo/ due ,ea/1 ! little deflection !y h be+ /ill to ! ,s\?w>ds4 ,9 ?is "p ( ! ,ocean x has be5 my =tune to pass a full ,ye>1 9 an ,employm5t t oblig'd me to reg>d m ?an ord9>y ! ,wea!r1 & ,i f\nd ! ,w9ds con/antly ab\t ! ,s\?-,ea/1 ! mo/ usual ,po9t ,s ,e b ,e2 :5 x 0 ,ea/]ly1 x g5]ally blew h>d1 & 0 gloomy1 d>k1 & sometimes ra9y ,wea!r2 if x came to ! ,s\?w>ds x 0 g5]ally ,s]5e1 & a small ,gale next to a ,calm1 b ?is n v common4 ,b ,i nev] saw x to ! ,we/w>ds ( ! ,s\?1 or ,nor?w>ds ( ! ,ea/4 #e4 ,t ! ,season ( ! ,ye> has "s small effect on ^! ,trade ,w9ds1 = t :5 ! ,sun is consid]able to ! ,nor?w>ds ( ! quator1 ! ,s\?-,ea/ ,w9ds1 especially 9 ! ,/raight ( ?is ,ocean 7if ,i may s call x7 betwe5 ,brazile & ! ,coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 d v>y a ,po9t or two to ! ,s\?w>ds1 & ! ,nor?-,ea/ become m ,ea/]ly2 & on ! contr>y1 :5 ! ,sun is t[>ds ! ,tropick ( ,capricorn ! ,s\?-,ea/]ly ,w9ds become m ,ea/]ly1 & ! ,nor?-,ea/]ly ,w9ds on ?is side ! ,l9e ve]e m to ! ,nor?w>ds4 #f4 ,t z !re is no g5]al ,rule t admits n ( "s ,exception1 s !re is 9 ?is ,ocean a ,tract ( ,sea :]e9 ! ,s\!rly & ,s\?-,we/ ,w9ds are p]petual1 viz4 all along ! ,coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 = above five hundr$ ,leagues toge!r1 f ,si]ra ,leona to ! ,isle ( ,/4 ,?omas2 = ! ,s\?-,ea/ ,trade ,w9d hav+ pass'd ! ,l9e1 & approa*+ ! ,coa/ ( ,gu9ea )9 eighty or #ajj ,leagues1 incl9es t[>ds ! ,%ore1 & becomes ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 & by ,degrees1 z y come ne>]1 x ve]es ab\t to ,s\?1 ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 & 9 ) ! ,l& ,s\?-,we/1 & sometimes ,we/ ,s\?-,we/2 :i* ,v>iation is bett] express'd 9 ! ,mapp h]eto annex$1 7,vide ,plate #b7 ?an x c well be 9 ,words4 ,^! are ! ,w9ds :i* are obs]v'd on ?is ,coa/ :5 x bl[s true1 b !re are frequ5t ,calms1 viol5t sudd5 ,gu/s call'd ,tornado's1 f all ,po9ts ( ! ,compass1 & sometimes un:olsome foggy ,ea/]ly ,w9ds1 call'd ,h]mitaa by ! ,natives1 :i* too (t5 infe/ ! ,navigation ( ^! p>ts4 #g4 ,t to ! ,nor?w>ds ( ! ,l9e1 betwe5 f\r & t5 ,degrees ( ,latitude1 & betwe5 ! ,m]idians ( ,cape ,virde1 & ( ! ,ea/]mo/ ,isl&s t be> t ,"n1 !re is a ,tract ( ,sea :]e9 x 7 improp] to say !re is any ,trade ,w9d1 or yet a ,v>iable2 = x seems condemn'd to p]petual ,calms1 att5d$ ) t]rible ,?und] & ,lightn+1 & ,ra9s s frequ5t1 t our ,navigators f !nce call ?is "p ( ! ,sea ! ,ra9s2 ! little ,w9ds t are1 be only "s sudd5 unc]ta9 ,gu/s1 ( v little ,cont9uance & less ,ext5t2 s t sometimes ea* ,h\r y %all h a diff]5t ,gale1 :i* dies away into a ,calm be=e ano!r succe$1 & 9 a ,fleet ( ,%ips 9 sight ( "o ano!r1 ea* %all h ! ,w9d f a sev]al ,po9t ( ! ,compass2 ) ^! weak ,breezes ,%ips are oblig'd to make ! be/ ( _! way to ! ,s\?w>d ?r\gh ! a=esaid six ,degrees1 :]e9 'tis report$ "s h be5 deta9'd :ole ,mon?s = want ( ,w9d4 ,f ! ?ree la/ ,obs]vables is %ewn ! ,reason ( two notable ,occur5ts 9 ! ,ea/-,india & ,gu9ea ,navigations3 ,! "o is1 :y1 not)/&+ ! n>r[e/ "p ( ! ,sea betwe5 ,gu9ea & ,brazile be ab\t five hundr$ ,leagues ov]1 yet ,%ips b\nd to ! ,s\?w>d1 sometimes1 especially 9 ! ,mon?s ( ,july & ,augu/1 f9d a great difficulty to pass x4 ,?is happ5s because ( ! ,s\?-,ea/ ,w9ds1 at t "t ( ! ,ye> commonly ext5d+ "s ,degrees beyond ! ord9>y limit ( f\r ,degrees ,nor? ,latitude1 & )al !y come s mu* ,s\!rly1 z to be sometimes ,s\?1 sometimes a ,po9t or two to ! ,we/2 !re rema9s !n only to ply to ,w9dw>d1 & if on ! "o side !y /& away ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 !y ga9 ! ,w9d /ill m & m ,ea/]ly2 b !re is dang] ( n wea!r+ ! ,brazilian ,%o>1 or at lea/ ! ,%oals ^u t ,coa/4 ,b if ^u ! o!r ,tack !y g away ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 !y fall into ! ,neighb\rhood ( ! ,coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 f :i* !re is no dep>t+ )\t runn+ ,ea/]ly1 z f> z ! ,isle ( ,/4 ,?omas1 :i* is ! con/ant practice ( all ! ,gu9ea ,%ips1 & :i* may seem v /range1 )\t ! consid]ation ( ! six? ,rem>k1 :i* %ews ! ,reason ( x3 ,= be+ 9 ) ! ,coa/1 ! ,w9d bl[s g5]ally at ,s4 ,w4 & ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 ) :i* ,w9ds !y _c g to ! ,nor?w>d = ! ,l&2 & on ! o!r ,tack !y c lie no ne>] ! ,w9d ?an ,s4 ,s4 ,e4 or ,s\?2 ) ^! ,c\rses !y run (f ! ,%o>1 b 9 s do+ !y always f9d ! ,w9ds m & m contr>y2 s t :5 ne> ! ,%o> !y c\ld lie ,s\?1 at a great] di/ance !y c make _! way no bett] ?an ,s4 ,e4 & aft]w>ds ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 ) :i* ,c\rses !y fet* commonly ! ,isle ( ,/4 ,?omas & ,cape ,lopez1 :]e f9d+ ! ,w9ds to ! ,ea/w>d ( ! ,s\?1 !y keep !m fav\rable1 by runn+ away to ! ,we/w>d 9 ! ,s\? ,latitude1 ( ?ree or f\r ,degrees1 :]e ! ,s4 ,e4 ,w9ds are p]petual4 ,= ! sake ( ^! g5]al ,w9ds1 all ^? t use ! ,we/-,indian ,trade1 ev5 ^? b\nd to ,virg9ia1 c\nt x _! be/ ,c\rse to get z soon z !y c to ! ,s\?w>ds1 t s !y may be c]ta9 ( a fair & fre% ,gale to run be=e x to ! ,we/w>ds2 & = ! same ,reason ^? homew>ds b\nd f ,am]ica1 endeav\r to ga9 ! ,latitude ( ?irty ,degrees1 z soon z possible1 :]e !y fir/ f9d ! ,w9ds beg9 to be v>iable2 ?o' ! mo/ ord9>y ,w9ds 9 ! ,nor!rn "p ( ! ,atlantick ,ocean come f betwe5 ! ,s\? & ,we/4 ,z to ^? furi\s ,/orms call'd ,hurricanes1 :i* are1 z x 71 peculi> to ! ,c>ibbee ,isles2 & :i* s dreadfully afflict !m 9 ! ,mon? ( ,augu/1 or n mu* be=e or aft]1 !y d n s prop]ly belong to ?is place1 bo? by ,reason ( _! small cont9uance & ext5t1 z likewise because !y are n ,anniv]s>y1 "s ,ye>s hav+ m ?an "o1 & sometimes = sev]al ,ye>s toge!r !re be+ none at all4 ,b _! ,viol5ce is s unconceivable1 & _! o!r ,phnom5a s surpris+1 t !y m]it well to be consid]'d ap>t4 ,:at is "h said1 is to be und]/ood ( ! ,sea ,w9ds at "s di/ance f ! ,l&2 = ^u & ne> ! ,%o>s1 ! ,l& & ,sea ,breezes are almo/ e :]e s5sible2 & ! great ,v>iety :i* happ5s 9 _! ,p]iods1 ,=ce & ,direction1 f ! situation ( ! ,m\nta9s1 ,vallies & ,woods1 & f ! v>i\s ,texture ( ! ,soil1 m or less capable ( reta9+ & reflect+ ,heat1 & ( exhal+ or cond5s+ ,vap\rs1 is su*1 t x 7 an endless task1 to endeav\r to acc\nt = !m4 ,,ii4 ,9 ! ,indian ,ocean1 ! ,w9ds are p>tly g5]al1 z 9 ! ?iopick ,ocean1 p>tly ,p]iodical2 t is1 half ! ,ye> !y bl[ "o way1 & ! o!r half ne> ^u ! opposite ,po9ts2 & ^! ,po9ts & ,times ( %ift+ are diff]5t 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ?is ,ocean2 ! limits ( ea* ,tract ( ,sea1 subject to ! same ,*ange or ,monsoon1 are c]ta9ly v h>d to det]m9e1 b ! dilig5ce ,i h us$ to be rightly in=m'd1 & ! c>e ,i h tak5 !re91 has1 9 a great measure1 surm\nt$ t ,difficulty2 & ,i am p]swad$ t ! foll[+ ,p>ticul>s may be reli$ ^u4 #a4 ,t betwe5 ! ,latitudes ( t5 ,degrees & ?irty ,degrees ,s\?1 betwe5 ,madagasc> & ,holl&ia ,nova1 ! g5]al ,trade ,w9d ab\t ! ,s4 ,e4 by ,e4 is f\nd to bl[ all ! ,ye> long1 to all ,int5ts & ,purposes aft] ! same mann] z 9 ! same ,latitudes 9 ! ?iopick ,ocean1 z x is describ'd 9 ! f\r? ,rem>k a=ego+4 #b4 ,t ! a=esaid ,s4 ,e4 ,w9ds ext5d to )9 two ,degrees ( ! quator1 dur+ ! ,mon?s ( ,june1 ,july1 ,augu/1 c4 to ,novemb]2 at :i* "t betwe5 ! ,s\? ,latitudes ( ?ree & t5 ,degrees1 be+ ne> ! ,m]idian ( ! ,nor? end ( ,madagasc>1 & betwe5 two & twelve ,s\? ,latitude1 be+ ne> ,sumatra & ,java1 ! contr>y ,w9ds f ! ,n4 ,w4 or betwe5 ! ,nor? & ,we/1 set 9 & bl[ = half ! ,ye>1 viz4 f ! beg9n+ ( ,decemb] till ,may2 & ?is ,monsoon is obs]v'd z f> z ! ,molucca ,isles1 ( :i* m anon4 #c4 ,t to ! ,nor?w>d ( ?ree ,degrees ,s\? ,latitude1 ov] ! :ole ,arabian or ,indian-,sea & ,gulph ( ,b5gall1 f ,sumatra to ! ,coa/ ( ,africa1 !re is ano!r ,monsoon1 bl[+ f ,octob] to ,april ^u ! ,nor? ,ea/ ,po9ts2 b 9 ! o!r half ,ye>1 f ,april to ,octob]1 ^u ! opposite ,po9ts ( ,s4 ,w4 & ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 & t ) r m =ce ?an ! o!r1 accompani$ ) d>k ra9y ,wea!r1 :]eas ! ,n4 ,e4 bl[s cle>2 'tis likewise to be not$1 t ! ,w9ds are n s con/ant1 ei!r 9 /r5g? or po9t 9 ! ,gulph ( ,b5gall1 z !y are 9 ! ,indian-,sea1 :]e a c]ta9 & /eady ,gale sc>ce ev] fails4 ',tis also rem>kable1 t ! ,s4 ,w4 ,w9ds 9 ^! ,seas are g5]ally m ,s\!rly on ! ,african side1 m ,we/]ly on ! ,indian4 #d4 ,t z an ,app5dix to ! la/ describ'd ,monsoon1 !re is a ,tract ( ,sea to ! ,s\?w>ds ( ! quator1 subject to ! same ,*anges ( ! ,w9ds1 viz4 ne> ! ,african ,coa/1 betwe5 x & ! ,isl& ,madagasc> or ,/4 ,lawr5ce1 & f !nce ,nor?w>ds z f> z ! ,l9e2 :]e9 f ,april to ,octob] !re is f\nd a con/ant fre% ,s4 ,s4 ,w4 ,w9d1 :i*1 z y g m ,nor!rly1 becomes /ill m & m ,we/]ly1 s z to fall 9 ) ! ,w4 ,s4 ,w4 ,w9ds1 m5tion'd be=e1 9 ^? ,mon?s ( ! ,ye> to be c]ta9 to ! ,nor?w>d ( ! quator3 ,:at ,w9ds bl[ 9 ^! ,seas1 = ! o!r half ,ye>1 f ,octob] to ,april1 ,i h n yet be5 able to obta9 to my full satisfaction1 = t our ,navigators always return f ,india )\t ,madagasc>1 & s are little acqua9t$ 9 ?is ,matt]2 ! ,acc\nt t has be5 giv5 me is only ?is1 t ! ,w9ds are mu* ,ea/]ly h]eab\ts1 & z (t5 to ! ,nor? ( ! true ,ea/ z to ! ,s\?w>ds !re(4 #e4 ,t to ! ,ea/w>d ( ,sumatra & ,malacca1 to ! ,nor?w>ds ( ! ,l9e1 & along ! ,coa/ ( ,cambodia & ,*9a1 ! ,monsoons bl[ ,nor? & ,s\?1 t is to say1 ! ,n4 ,e4 ,w9ds are mu* ,nor!rly1 & ! ,s4 ,w4 mu* ,s\!rly3 ,?is ,con/itution rea*es to ! ,ea/w>ds ( ! ,philipp9e ,isles1 & z f> ,nor!rly z ,japan4 ,! ,nor!rn ,monsoon sett+ 91 9 ^! ,seas1 9 ,octob] or ,novemb]1 & ! ,s\!rn 9 ,may1 bl[+ all ! ,summ] ,mon?s3 ,"h x is to be not$1 ,t ! ,po9ts ( ! ,compass1 f :5ce ! ,w9d comes 9 ^! ,p>ts ( ! ,_w1 are n s fixt z 9 ^? lately describ'd2 = ! ,s\!rly w frequ5tly pass a ,po9t or two to ! ,ea/w>ds ( ! ,s\?1 & ! ,nor!rly z mu* to ! ,we/w>ds ( ! ,nor?1 :i* seems occasion'd by ! great quantity ( ,l&1 :i* is int]sp]s'd 9 ^! ,seas4 #f4 ,t 9 ! same ,m]idians1 b to ! ,s\?w>ds ( ! quator1 be+ t ,tract ly+ betwe5 ,sumatra & ,java to ! ,we/1 & ,new ,gu9ea to ! ,ea/1 ! same ,nor!rly ,monsoons are obs]v'd1 b ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! incl9ation ( ! ,nor!rly is t[>ds ! ,n4 ,we/1 & ( ! ,s\!rly t[>ds ! ,s4 ,e4 b ! plag v5ti are n m con/ant "h ?an 9 ! =m]1 viz4 v>iable five or six ,po9ts2 besides ! times ( ! ,*ange ( ^! ,w9ds1 are n ! same z 9 ! ,*9ese ,seas1 b ab\t a ,mon? or six ,weeks lat]4 #g4 ,t ^! contr>y ,w9ds d n %ift all at once1 b 9 "s places ! "t ( ! ,*ange is att5d$ ) ,calms1 9 o!rs ) v>iable ,w9ds2 & x is p>ticul>ly rem>kable1 t ! end ( ! ,we/]ly ,monsoon on ! ,coa/ ( ,corom&el1 & ! two la/ ,mon?s ( ! ,s\!rly ,monsoon 9 ! ,seas ( ,*9a1 are v subject to be tempe/u\s3 ,! viol5ce ( ^! ,/orms is su*1 t !y seem to be ( ! ,nature ( ! ,we/-,india ,hurricanes1 & r5d] ! ,navigation ( ^! p>ts v unsafe ab\t t "t ( ! ,ye>4 ,^! ,tempe/s are by our ,seam5 usually t]m'd1 ,! break+ up ( ! ,monsoons4 ,by reason ( ! %ift+ ( ^! ,w9ds1 all ^? t sail 9 ^! ,seas1 are oblig'd to obs]ve ! ,seasons prop] = _! ,voyages1 & s do+ !y fail n ( a fair ,w9d & spe$y ,passage2 b if s be !y *ance to out-/ay _! "t1 till ! contr>y ,monsoon sets 91 z x frequ5tly happ5s1 !y are =c'd to give ov] ! hopes ( accompli%+ _! int5d$ ,voyages1 & ei!r return to ! ,port f :5ce !y came1 or else put 9 to "s o!r ,h>b\r1 !re to sp5d ! "t till ! ,w9ds %all come fav\rable4 ,,iii4 ,! ?ird ,ocean call'd ,m>e ,pacificum1 ^: ,ext5t is equal to t ( ! o!r two 7x be+ f ! ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,am]ica to ! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 n less ?an #aej ,degrees ( ,longitude7 is t :i* is lea/ kn[n to our own or ! ,neighb\r ,nations2 t ,navigation t !re is on x1 is by ! ,spani>ds1 :o g ,ye>ly f ! ,coa/ ( ,new ,spa9 to ! ,manilha's1 b t b by "o beat5 track2 s t ,i _c be s p>ticul> "h z 9 ! o!r two4 ,:at ! ,spani% ,au?ors say ( ! ,w9ds !y f9d 9 _! ,c\rses1 & :at is confirm'd by ! old ,acc\nts ( ,drake & ,cav5di%2 & s9ce by ,s*oot51 :o sail'd ! :ole bread? ( ?is ,sea 9 ! ,s\!rn ,latitude ( fifte5 or sixte5 ,degrees1 is1 t !re is a great con=mity betwe5 ! ,w9ds ( ?is ,sea1 & ^? ( ! ,atlantick & ?iopick2 t is to say1 t to ! ,nor?w>ds ( ! quator1 ! pr$om9ant ,w9d is betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ,nor?-,ea/2 & to ! ,s\?w>ds !re( !re is a con/ant /eady ,gale betwe5 ! ,ea/ & ,s\?-,ea/1 & t on bo? sides ! ,l9e ) s mu* con/ancy1 t !y sc>ce ev] ne$ to att5d ! ,sails1 & ,/r5g?1 t x is r>e to fail ( cross+ ?is va/ ,ocean 9 t5 ,weeks "t1 :i* is ab\t #acj ,miles p] diem2 besides1 'tis said t ,/orms & ,tempe/s are nev] kn[n 9 ^! p>ts3 ,s t "h is ! v be/ ( ,sail+2 no want ( a fre% fair ,w9d1 & yet no dang] ( hav+ too mu*3 ,:]e=e "s h ?\ght x might be z %ort a ,voyage to ,japan & ,*9a1 to g by ! ,/reights ( ,magellan1 z by ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope4 ,! ,limits ( ^! g5]al ,w9ds are also mu* ! same z 9 ! ,atlantick ,sea1 viz4 ab\t ! ?irtie? ,degree ( ,latitude on bo? sides2 = ! ,spani>ds homew>ds b\nd f ! ,manilha's1 always take ! advantage ( ! ,s\!rly ,monsoon1 bl[+ !re 9 ! ,summ] ,mon?s1 & run up to ! ,nor?w>ds ( t ,latitude1 z high z ,japan1 be=e !y meet ) v>iable ,w9ds1 to %ape _! ,c\rse to ! ,ea/w>ds4 ,& ,s*oot5 & o!rs t h gone ab\t by ! ,magellan ,/reights1 h f\nd ! ,limits ( ,s4 ,e4 ,w9ds1 mu* ab\t ! same ,latitude to ! ,s\?w>ds2 besides a f>!r ,analogy betwe5 ! ,w9ds ( ?is ,ocean1 & ! ?iopick1 appe>s 9 t1 ^u ! ,coa/ ( ,p]u1 !y are always mu* ,s\!rly1 l z !y are f\nd ne> ! ,%o>s ( ,angola4 ,?us f> ,matt] ( ,fact1 :]e9 if ! in=mation ,i h receiv'd be n 9 all p>ts ,accurate1 x has n be5 = want ( inquiry f ^? ,i conceiv'd be/ able to in/ruct me2 & ,i %all take x = a v great ,k9dness if any ,ma/] ( a ,%ip1 or o!r ,p]son1 well in=m'd ( ! ,nature ( ! ,w9ds1 9 any ( ! a=em5tion'd p>ts ( ! ,_w1 %all please to communicate _! ,obs]vations !reupon2 s t :at ,i h "h ,collect$ may be ei!r confirm'd or am5d$1 or by ! addition ( "s mat]ial ,circum/ances enl>g'd4 ,x is n ! "w ( "o1 nor ( few1 b ( a multitude ( ,obs]v]s1 to br+ toge!r ! ,exp]i5ce requisite to compose a p]fect & compleat ,hi/ory ( ^! ,w9ds2 h[ev] ,i am n mu* d\btful t ,i h err'd 91 or omitt$ any ( ! pr9cipal ,obs]vables1 :atev] less] ,p>ticul>s may h escap$ my ,k4 ,to help ! ,conception ( ! ,read] 9 a mann] ( s mu* difficulty1 ,i believ'd x necess>y to adjo9 a ,s*eme1 7,plate #b47 %ew+ at "o view all ! v>i\s ,tracts & ,c\rses ( ^! ,w9ds2 :]eby 'tis possible ! ?+ may be bett] und]/ood1 ?an by any v]bal ,description :atsoev]4 ,! ,limits ( ^! sev]al ,tracts are design'd e :]e by prickt ,l9es1 z well 9 ! ,atlantick & ?iopick1 :]e !y are ! b\nd>ies ( ! ,trade & v>iable ,w9ds1 z 9 ! ,indian ,ocean1 :]e !y also %ew ! ,ext5t ( ! sev]al ,monsoons4 ,i c\ld ?9k ( no bett] way to design ! ,c\rse ( ! ,w9ds on ! ,map1 ?an by draw+ r[s ( /roaks 9 ! same ,l9e t a ,%ip w\ld move go+ always be=e x2 ! %>p end ( ea* little /roak po9t+ out t "p ( ! ,horizon1 f :5ce ! ,w9d cont9ually comes2 & :]e !re are ,monsoons1 ! r[s ( ! /roaks run alt]nately backw>ds & =w>ds1 by :i* means !y are ?ick] !re ?an else:]e4 ,z to ! great ,s\? ,sea1 consid]+ its va/ ,ext5t1 & ! little ,v>iety !re is 9 its ,w9ds1 & ! great ,analogy betwe5 !m1 & ^? ( ! ,atlantick & ?iopick ,oceans2 besides1 t ! greate/ "p !re( is :olly unkn[n to u2 ,i ?\ght x unnecess>y to l5g!n ! ,map !re)4 ,9 ! =ego+ ,hi/ory are conta9$ sev]al ,problems1 t m]it well ! ,consid]ation ( our acute/ ,naturali/s1 bo? by reason ( ! con/ancy ( ! ,effect1 & ( ! imm5se ,ext5t !re(2 ne> half ! ,surface ( ! ,globe be+ conc]n$4 ,! *ief ( ^! ,problems are1 #a4 ,:y ^! ,w9ds are p]petually f ! ,ea/ 9 ! ,atlantic & ?iopick2 z likewise 9 ! ,pacifick ,ocean1 betwe5 ! ,latitudes ( #cj ,nor? & ,s\?8 #b4 ,:y ! said ,w9ds ext5d no f>!r ) con/ancy ?an to ! ,latitude ( #cj ,degrees8 #c4 ,:y !re %\ld be a con/ant ,s\?-,we/]ly ,w9d ^u & ne> ! ,coa/ ( ,gu9ea8 #d4 ,:y 9 ! ,nor? "p ( ! ,indian ,ocean1 ! ,w9ds1 :i* = "o half ,ye> d agree ) ^? ( ! o!r two ,oceans1 %\ld *ange 9 o!r half ,ye>1 & bl[ f ! opposite ,po9ts2 :il/ ! ,s\!rn "p ( t ,ocean foll[s ! ,g5]al ,rule1 & has p]petual ,w9ds ab\t ,s4 ,e8 #e4 ,:y 9 ^! ,g5]al ,trade-,w9ds x %\ld be always true1 t to ! ,nor?w>d ( ! quator x is incl9'd to ! ,nor?w>ds ( ! ,ea/2 & 9 ,s\? ,latitudes1 to ! ,s\?w>d !re(8 #f4 ,:y 9 ^! ,seas ( ,*9a !re %\ld be s great an ,incl9ation f ! ,ea/ to ! ,nor?1 m ?an else:]e8 ) _m m1 :i* x w\ld be mu* easi] to propose ?an answ]4 ,b le/ ,i %\ld seem to propose to o!rs1 ,difficulties :i* ,i h n ?\ght wor? my own ,"t & ,pa9s1 take "h ! result ( an e>ne/ ,endeav\r aft] ! true reason ( ! a=esaid ,phnom5a2 :]e9 if ,i am n able to acc\nt = all ,p>ticul>s1 yet 'tis hop$ ! ,?\ghts ,i h sp5t !reon1 w n be judg$ :olly lo/1 by ! ,curi\s 9 ,natural ,enquiries4 ,w9d is mo/ prop]ly def9$ to be ! ,/ream or ,curr5t ( ! ,air1 & :]e su* a ,curr5t is p]petual & fixt 9 its ,c\rse1 'tis necess>y t x proce$ f a p]man5t un-int]mitt+ ,cause4 ,:]e=e "s h be5 incl9'd to propose ! diurnal ,rotation ( ! ,e>? ^u its ,axis1 by :i*1 z ! ,globe turns ,ea/w>ds1 ! loose & fluid ,p>ticles ( ! ,air1 be+ s exce$+ light z !y be1 are left beh9d1 s t 9 respect ( ! ,e>?s ,surface !y move ,we/w>ds1 & become a con/ant ,ea/]ly ,w9d4 ,?is ,op9ion seems confirm'd1 = t ^! ,w9ds are f\nd only ne> ! qu9octial1 9 ^? ,p>allels ( ,latitude :]e ! diurnal ,motion is swifte/2 & ,i %\ld readily ass5t to x1 if ! con/ant ,calms 9 ! ,atlantick ,sea1 ne> ! quator1 ! ,we/]ly ,w9ds ne> ! ,coa/ ( ,gu9ea2 & ! ,p]iodical ,we/]ly ,monsoons "u ! quator 9 ! ,indian ,seas1 did n decl>e ! insuffic5cy ( t ,hypo!sis4 ,besides ! ,air be+ kept to ! ,e>? by ! ,pr9ciple ( ,gravity1 w\ld acquire ! same degree ( ,velocity t ! ,e>?s ,surface moves )1 z well 9 respect ( ! diurnal ,rotation1 z ( ! ,annual ab\t ! ,sun1 :i* is ab\t ?irty times swift]4 ,x rema9s !re=e to sub/itute "s o!r ,cause1 capable ( produc+ a l con/ant ,effect1 n liable to ! same ,objections1 b agreeable to ! kn[n ,prop]ties ( ! ,elem5ts ( ,air & ,wat]1 & ! ,laws ( ! ,motion ( fluid ,bodies4 ,su* an "o is1 ,i conceive1 ! ,action ( ! ,sun ,beams ^u ! ,air & ,wat]1 z he passes e ,day ov] ! ,oceans1 consid]'d toge!r ) ! ,nature ( ! ,soil1 & ,situation ( ! adjo9+ ,cont95ts3 ,i say !re=e1 fir/1 t accord+ to ! ,laws ( ,/aticks1 ! ,air :i* is less r>ifi$ or exp&$ by heat1 & consequ5tly m pond]\s1 mu/ h a ,motion t[>ds ^? p>ts !re(1 :i* are m r>ifi$1 & less pond]\s1 to br+ x to an quilibrium2 & secondly1 ,t ! ,pres5ce ( ! ,sun cont9ually %ift+ to ! ,we/w>ds1 t "p t[>ds :i* ! ,air t5ds1 by reason ( ! ,r>ifaction made by 8 greate/ ,m]idian ,heat1 is ) him c>ri$ ,we/w>d1 & consequ5tly ! t5d5cy ( ! :ole ,body ( ! l[] ,air is t way4 ,?us a g5]al ,ea/]ly ,w9d is =m$1 :i* be+ impress$ ^u all ! ,air ( a va/ ,ocean1 ! ,p>ts impel "o ! o!r1 & s keep mov+ till ! next return ( ! ,sun1 :]eby s mu* ( ! ,motion z 0 lo/1 is aga9 re/or$1 & ?us ! ,we/]ly ,w9d is made p]petual4 ,f ! same ,pr9ciple x foll[s1 t ?is ,ea/]ly ,w9d %\ld on ! ,nor? side ( ! quator1 be to ! ,nor?w>ds ( ! ,ea/1 & 9 ,s\? ,latitudes to ! ,s\?w>ds !re(2 = ne> ! ,l9e1 ! ,air is mu* m r>ifi$1 ?an at a great] di/ance f x2 because ( ! ,sun twice 9 a ,ye> ,v]tical1 & at no "t di/ant above #bc ,degr4 & a half2 at :i* di/ance ! ,heat1 be+ z ! ,s9e ( ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce1 is b little %ort ( t ( ! p]p5dicul> ,ray4 ,:]eas "u ! ,tropicks1 ?\gh ! ,sun /ay long ,v]tical1 yet he is z long #dg ,degr4 (f2 :i* is a k9d ( ,w9t]1 :]e9 ! ,air s cools1 z t ! ,summ]-heat _c w>m x to ! same degree ) t "u ! quator4 ,:]e=e ! ,air to ! ,nor?w>ds & ,s\?w>ds1 be+ less r>ifi$ ?an t 9 ! middle1 x foll[s1 t f bo? sides x ought to t5d t[>ds ! quator3 ,?is ,motion comp\nd$ ) ! =m] ,ea/]ly ,w9d1 answ]s all ! ,phnom5a ( ! g5]al ,trade-w9ds2 :i*1 if ! :ole ,surface ( ! ,globe 7 ,sea1 w\ld und\bt$ly bl[ all r\nd ! ,_w1 z !y are f\nd to d 9 ! ,atlantick1 & ?iopick ,oceans4 ,b see+ t s great ,cont95ts d int]pose1 & break ! cont9uity ( ! ,oceans1 reg>d mu/ be _h to ! ,nature ( ! ,soil1 & ! ,position ( ! high ,m\nta9s1 :i* ,i suppose ! two pr9cipal ,causes ( ! sev]al ,v>iations ( ! ,w9ds1 f ! =m] g5]al ,rule3 ,= if a ,c\ntry ly+ ne> ! ,sun1 prove to be flat1 s&y1 l[ ,l&1 su* z ! ,des>ts ( ,lybia are usually report$ to be1 ! ,heat occasion'd by ! ,reflection ( ! ,suns ,beams1 & ! ret5tion !re( 9 ! ,s&1 is incr$ible to ^? t h n felt x2 :]eby ! ,air be+ exce$+ly r>ifi$1 x is necess>y t ! cool] & m d5se ,air %\ld run ?i!rw>ds to re/ore ! quilibrium3 ,?is ,i take to be ! cause1 :y ne> ! ,coa/ ( ,gu9ea ! ,w9d always sets 9 ^u ! ,l&1 bl[+ ,we/]ly in/ead ( ,ea/]ly1 !re be+ suffici5t ,reason to believe1 t ! ,inl& ,p>ts ( ,africa are prodigi\sly hot1 s9ce ! ,nor!rn ,bord]s !re( 7 s intemp]ate1 z to give ! ,anci5ts cause to conclude1 t all beyond ! ,tropick1 0 made un9habitable by excess ( ,heat3 ,f ! same ,cause x happ5s1 t !re are s con/ant ,calms 9 t "p ( ! ,ocean1 call$ ! ,ra9s1 7describ$ 9 ! #g? ,rem>k on ! ,atlantick ,sea7 = ?is ,tract be+ plac$ 9 ! middle1 betwe5 ! ,we/]ly ,w9ds bl[+ on ! ,coa/ ( ,gu9ea1 & ! ,ea/]ly ,trade-w9ds1 bl[+ to ! ,we/w>ds !re(1 ! t5d5cy ( ! ,air "h1 is indiff]5t to ei!r1 & s /&s 9 quilibrio betwe5 bo?2 & ! weight ( ! incumb5t ,atmosph]e be+ dim9i%$ by ! cont9ual contr>y ,w9ds bl[+ f h5ce1 is ! reason t ! ,air "h holds n ! copi\s ,vap\r x receives1 b lets x fall into frequ5t ,ra9s4 ,b z ! cool & d5se ,air1 by reason ( its great] ,gravity1 presses ^u ! hot & r>ifi$1 'tis demon/rative t ?is latt] mu/ asc5d 9 a cont9u$ ,/ream z fa/ x r>ifies2 & t be+ asc5d$1 x mu/ disp]se x self to pres]ve ! quilibrium3 t is1 by a contr>y ,curr5t1 ! upp] ,air mu/ move f ^? ,p>ts :]e ! greate/ ,heat is3 ,s by a k9d ( ,circulation1 ! ,nor?-,ea/ ,trade-,w9d bel[1 w be att5d$ ) a ,s\?-,we/]ly above1 & ! ,s\?-,ea/]ly ) a ,nor?-,we/ ,w9d above2 t ?is is m ?an a b>e ,conjecture1 ! almo/ in/antane\s ,*ange ( ! ,w9d to ! opposite ,po9t1 :i* is frequ5tly f\nd 9 pass+ ! limits ( ! ,trade-w9ds1 seems to assure u2 b t :i* above all confirms ?is ,hypo!sis is ! ,phnom5on ( ! ,monsoons1 by ?is means mo/ easily solv$1 & )\t x h>dly explicable4 ,suppos+ !re=e su* a ,circulation1 z above1 'tis to be consid]$ t to ! ,nor?w>d ( ! ,indian ,ocean !re is e :]e ,l& )9 ! usual limit ( ! ,latitude ( #cj1 viz4 ,arabia1 ,p]sia1 ,india1 c4 :i* = ! same reason z ! ,m$it]ranean ,p>ts ( ,africa1 are subject to unsuff]able ,heats :5 ! ,sun is to ! ,nor?1 pass+ ne>ly ,v]tical2 b yet are temp]ate en\gh :5 ! ,sun is remov$ t[>ds ! o!r ,tropick2 because ( a ridge ( ,m\nta9s at "s di/ance )9 ! ,l&1 said to be frequ5tly 9 ,w9t] cov]'d ) ,sn[1 ov] :i* ! ,air1 z x passes1 mu/ ne$s be mu* *ill'd4 ,h5ce x comes to pass1 t ! ,air com+ accord+ to ! g5]al ,rule1 out ( ! ,n4 ,e4 9 ! ,indian ,seas1 is sometimes hott]1 sometimes cold]1 ?an t :i* by ?is ,circulation is return'd out ( ! ,s4 ,w4 & by consequ5ce1 sometimes ! "u ,curr5t or ,w9d1 is f ! ,n4 ,e4 sometimes f ! ,s4 ,w4 ,t ?is has no o!r ,cause1 is cle> f ! times :]e9 ^! ,w9ds set 91 viz4 9 ,april1 :5 ! ,sun beg9s to w>m ^? ,c\ntries to ! ,nor?1 ! ,s4 ,w4 ,monsoon beg9s1 & bl[s dur+ ! ,heats till ,octob]2 :5 ! ,sun be+ retir'd1 & all ?+s gr[+ cool] ,nor?w>d1 & ! ,heat increas+ to ! ,s\?1 ! ,nor?-,ea/ ,w9ds ent] & bl[ all ! ,w9t] till ,april aga94 ,& x is und\bt$ly f ! same ,pr9ciple t to ! ,s\?w>ds ( ! quator1 9 "p ( ! ,indian ,ocean1 ! ,nor?-,we/ ,w9ds succe$ to ! ,s\?-,ea/1 :5 ! ,sun draws ne> ! ,tropick ( ,capricorn2 b ,i mu/ confess1 t 9 ?is latt] occurs a difficulty1 n well to be acc\nt$ =1 :i* is1 :y ?is ,*ange ( ! ,monsoons %\ld be any m 9 ?is ,ocean1 ?an 9 ! same ,latitudes 9 ! ?opick1 :]e !re is no?+ m c]ta9 ?an a ,s4 ,e4 ,w9d all ! ,ye>4 ',tis likewise v h>d to conceive :y ! limits ( ! ,trade-w9d %\ld be fixt1 ab\t ! ?irtie? ,degree ( ,latitude all r\nd ! ,globe2 & t !y %\ld s seldom transgress or fall %ort ( ^? b\nds2 z also t 9 ! ,indian ,sea1 only ! ,nor!rn ,"p %\ld be subject to ! *angeable ,monsoons1 & 9 ! ,s\!rn !re be a con/ant ,s4 ,e4 ,^! are ,p>ticul>s t m]it to be consid]'d m at l>ge1 & furni% a suffici5t ,subject = a j ,volume1 :i* w be a v comm5dable ,task = su*1 :o be+ u'd to ,philosophick ,contemplation1 %all h leisure to apply _! s]i\s ,?\ghts ab\t x4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #b pag4 #hj ,a new ,correct ,,sea ,,*>t ( ! ,,:ole ,,_w ,%ew+ ! ,v>iations ( y ,,compass z !y 7 f\nd ,ao #agjj ) a ,view ( ! ,g5]all & ,coa/+ ,trade ,w9ds & ,monsoons or %ift+ ,trade ,w9ds by ! ,direction ( ,cap4 ,edm4 ,halley4 ,a ,disc\rse ( ! ,rule ( ! ,decrease ( ! height ( ! ,m]cury 9 ! ,b>omet]1 accord+ z ,places are elevat$ above ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?2 ) an ,attempt to discov] ! true ,reason ( ! ,ris+ & ,fall+ ( ! ,m]cury1 ^u ,*ange ( ,wea!r4 ,by ,edm4 ,halley4 ,! ,ela/ick ,prop]ty ( ! ,air has be5 long s9ce made out1 by ,exp]im5ts be=e ! ,royal ,society1 & else:]e2 & ! ,resi/ance ( its ,spr+ is f\nd to be ne>ly equal to ! ,weight or ,=ce t compresses x2 z also1 t ! ,spaces ! same ,air occupies1 "u diff]+ ,pressures1 are reciprocally z ^? ,pressures3 ,x has be5 %ewn likewise by und\bt$ ,exp]im5t1 t ! specifick ,gravity ( ! ,air1 ne> ! ,e>?'s ,surface to t ( ,wat]1 0 once z #a to #hdj2 aga9 z #a to #heb2 & a ?ird "t1 9 a v l>ge ,vessel hold+ #aj ,gallons1 z #a to #hfj2 all :i*1 consid]+ ! ,difficulty ( ! ,exp]im5t1 agree well en\gh1 ! ,m]cury /&+ at all ^? times ab\t #bi ,in*es 3 ,b by ,reason 'twas ,summ]-wea!r1 & consequ5tly ! ,air r>ifi$1 :5 all ^! 7 tri$1 we may )\t s5sible ,error say 9 r\nd numb]s1 t ! ,b>omet] /&+ at #cj ,in*es1 & 9 a mean ,/ate ( ,heat & ,cold1 ! specifick ,gravity ( ! ,air to ,wat]1 is z #a to #hjj4 ,by ! l ,trials ! weight ( ,m]cury to ,wat]1 is z #ac to #a1 or v ne> x2 s t ! weight ( ,m]cury to ,air1 is z #ajhjj to #a2 & a ,cyl9d] ( ,air ( #ajhjj ,in*es or #ijj ,feet1 is equal to an ,in* ( ,m]cury2 & 7 ! ,air ( an equal d5sity l ,wat]1 ! :ole ,atmosph]e w\ld be no m ?an #e1a ,miles high1 & 9 ! ,asc5t ( e #ijj ,feet ! ,b>omet] w\ld s9k an ,in*4 ,b ! ,expansion ( ! ,air increas+ 9 ! same proportion z ! incumb5t weight ( ! ,atmosph]e decreases2 t is1 z ! ,m]cury 9 ! ,b>omet] s9ks2 ! upp] ,p>ts ( ! ,air are mu* m r>ifi$ ?an ! l[]1 & ea* ,space answ]+ to an ,in* ( ,quicksilv]1 gr[s great] & great]2 s t ! ,atmosph]e mu/ be ext5d$ to a mu* great] height4 ,n[1 ^u ^! ,pr9ciples1 to det]m9e ! height ( ! ,m]cury at any assign$ height 9 ! ,air2 & contra1 hav+ ! height ( ! ,m]cury giv51 to f9d ! height ( ! ,place :]e ! ,b>omet] /&s1 are ,problems n m difficult ?an curi\s2 & :i* ,i ?us resolve4 ,! ,expansions ( ! ,air be+ reciprocally z ! heights ( ! ,m]cury1 x is evid5t1 t by ! help ( ! ,curve ( ! ,hyp]bola & its ,asymptotes1 ! said ,expansions may be exp\nd$ to any giv5 height ( ! ,m]cury3 ,= by ! #fe? ,prop4 lib4 #b4 ,conic4 ,mydorgii1 ! ,rectangles1 ,,abce1 ,,akge1 ,,alde1 c4 79 ,plate #a4 ,fig4 #d47 are always equal1 & consequ5tly ! sides1 ,,cb1 ,,gk1 ,,ld1 c4 are reciprocally z ! sides ,,ab1 ,,ak1 ,,al1 c4 ,if !n ! ,l9es ,,ab1 ,,ak1 ,,al1 be suppos$ equal to ! heights ( ! ,m]cury1 or ! pressures ( ! ,atmosph]e1 ! ,l9es ,,cb1 ,,gk1 ,,ld1 answ]+ !reto1 w be z ! ,expansions ( ! ,air "u ^? ,pressures1 or ! ,bulks t ! same quantity ( ,air w occupy2 :i* ,expansions be+ tak5 inf9itely _m1 & inf9itely little1 7accord+ to ! ,me?od ( ,indivisibles7 _! ,summ w give ! ,spaces ( ,air betwe5 ! sev]al heights ( ! ,b>omet]2 t is to say1 ! ,summ ( all ! ,l9es betwe5 ,,cb & ,,kg1 or ! ,area ,,cbkg1 w be proportion$ to ! ,di/ance or ,space int]cept$ betwe5 ! ,levels ( two ,places 9 ! ,air1 :]e ! ,m]cury w\ld /& at ! heights repres5t$ by ! ,l9es ,,ab1 ,,ak2 s !n ! ,spaces ( ,air answ]+ to equal ,p>ts ( ,m]cury 9 ! ,b>omet]1 are z ! ,area's ,,cbkg1 ,,gkld1 ,,dlfm1 c4 ,^! ,area's aga9 are1 by ! ,demon/ration ( ,gregory ( ,/4 ,v9c5t1 proportionate to ! ,log>i?ms ( ! ,numb]s express+ ! ,rationes ( ,,ak to ,,ab1 ( ,,al to ,,ak1 ( ,,am to ,,al1 c4 ,s !n by ! common ,table ( ,log>i?ms1 ! height ( any ,place 9 ! ,atmosph]e1 hav+ any assign'd height ( ! ,m]cury1 may mo/ easily be f\nd3 ,= ! ,l9e ,,cb 9 ! ,hyp]bola1 :]e( ! ,area's design ! ,tabul> ,log>i?ms1 be+ #j1jaddgfe2 'twill be1 z #j1jaddgfe1 to ! diff]5ce ( ! ,log>i?ms ( #cj1 or any o!r less] ,numb]1 = #ijj ,feet1 or ! ,space answ]+ to an ,in* ( ,m]cury1 if ! ,air 7 equally pre/ ) #cj ,in*es ( ,m]cury1 & e :]e alike1 to ! height ( ! ,b>omet] 9 ! ,air1 :]e x w /& at t less] numb] ( ,in*es3 ,& by ! ,conv]se ( ?is ,proportion may ! height ( ! ,m]cury be f\nd1 hav+ ! ,altitude ( ! ,place giv54 ,f ^! ,rules ,i d]iv'd ! foll[+ ,tables4 ,a ,table %ew+ ! ,altitude1 to giv5 heights ( ! ,m]cury4 ,in*4 ,feet4 #cj #j #bi #iae #bh #ahfb #bg #bhdd #bf #chfc #be #dibb #bj #ajidg #ae #ahgae #aj #biffb #e #dhcgh #a #iahca #j4e #aajedg #j4be #abibfb #j4a #bi mil4 or #aedjjj #j4ja #da m4 or #bafafi #j4jja #ec m4 #bghcch ,a ,table %ew+ ! heights ( ! ,m]cury1 at giv5 ,altitudes4 ,feet4 ,in*4 #j #cj #jj #ajjj #bh #ia #bjjj #bg #hf #cjjj #bf #he #djjj #ce #hg #ejjj feet #bd #ic #a mile #bd #fg #b #bj #bi #c #af #fh #d #ac #gb #e #aa #bh #aj #d #bd #ae #a #fj #bj #j #ie #be #j #bc #cj #j #jh #dj #j #jab ,^u ^! ,suppositions x appe>s1 t at ! height ( #da ,miles ! ,air is s r>ifi$1 z to take up #cjjj times ! ,space x occupies "h1 & at #ec ,miles high x w\ld be exp&$ above #cjjjj times2 b x's probable t ! utmo/ ,p[] ( its ,spr+ _c ex]t x self1 to s great an ,ext5sion1 & t no "p ( ! ,atmosph]e rea*es above #de ,miles f ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?4 ,?is seems confirm'd f ! ,obs]vations ( ! ,crepusculum1 :i* is obs]v'd commonly to beg9 & end :5 ! ,sun is ab\t #ah ,degrees bel[ ! ,horizon2 = suppos+ ! ,air to reflect light f its mo/ r>ifi$ ,p>ts1 & t z long z ! ,sun illum9ates any ( its ,atoms1 !y are visible to an ,eye n int]cept$ by ! ,curvity ( ! ,e>?1 x w foll[ f ,fig4 #e4 ,plate #a4 t ! proportion ( ! height ( ! :ole ,air1 to ! ,semi-diamet] ( ! ,e>?1 is mu* ab\t1 z #a to #ij1 or z ! excess ( ! ,secant ( ab\t #h ,degrees to ! ,radius4 ,= if ,e be ! ,eye ( ! ,obs]v]1 ,s a ,place :]e ! ,sun sets at ! end ( ,twilight 9 ,e1 & ! ,ar* ,,ecs1 or ,,tca1 be f\nd #ah ,degrees1 ! excess ( ! ,secant ( half !re( ,,e*1 w\ld be ! height ( ! ,air1 viz4 ,,gh3 ,b ! ,beam ( ! ,sun ,,a%1 & ! ,visual ,ray ,,eh1 d ea* ( !m suff] a ,refraction ( ab\t #cb or #cc ,m9utes1 :]eby be+ b5t inw>ds f ,h t[>ds ,g1 ! height ( ! ,air ne$ n be s great z if !y w5t /reight2 & hav+ f ! ,angle ,,ecs tak5 ! d\ble ,refraction ( ! ,horizontal ,ray1 ! half ( ! ,rema9d] w be #h ,degrees circit]1 ^: ,secant be+ #aj1aaa1 x foll[s1 t z #ajjjj to #aaa1 s ! ,semi-diamet] ( ! ,e>? suppos$ #djjj ,miles1 to #dd1d ,miles2 :i* w be ! height ( ! :ole ,air1 if ! ,places ,e1 ,s1 ^: visible ,portions ( ! ,atmosph]e ,,erzh1 & ,,%kb1 j t\* "o ! o!r1 be #ah ,degrees asund]4 ,at ?is height ! ,air is exp&$ into above #cjjj times ! space x occupies "h1 & we h se5 ! ,exp]i5ce ( cond5s+ x into ! #fj? "p ( ! same ,space1 s t x %\ld seem1 t ! ,air is a ,sub/ance capable ( be+ compress$ into ! #ahjjjj? "p ( ! ,space x w\ld naturally take up1 :5 free f pressure4 ,n[ :at ,texture or ,composition ( ,p>ts %all be capable ( ?is great ,expansion & ,contraction1 seems a v h>d ,"q2 & :i*1 ,i suppose1 is sc>ce suffici5tly acc\nt$ =1 by comp>+ x to ,wool1 ,cott51 & ! l spr+y ,bodies4 ,hi!rto ,i h only consid]'d ! ,air & ,atmosph]e1 z "o unalt]'d ,body1 z hav+ con/antly at ! ,e>?'s ,surface ! #hjj? "p ( ! weight ( ,wat]1 & be+ capable ( ,r>ifaction & ,cond5sation 9 inf9itum2 nei!r ( :i* ,hypo!ses are rigidly true3 ,= "h 9 ,engl& x is notori\sly kn[n1 t ! weight ( ! :ole ,atmosph]e is v>i\s1 be+ c\nt]pois$ sometimes by #bh ,in*es ( ,m]cury1 & at o!r times by no less ?an #cj2 s t ! "u p>ts be+ press$ by ab\t a #ae? "p1 less weight1 ! specifick ,gravity ( ! ,air ^u t score w sometimes be a #ae? "p light] ?an ano!r2 besides ,heat & ,cold1 does v consid]ably dilate & contract ! ,air1 & consequ5tly alt] its ,gravity2 to :i* add ! mixture ( ,effluvia1 or /eams aris+ f almo/ all ,bodies1 :i* assimulat+ into ! ,=m ( ,air1 are kept susp5d$ !re91 z ,salts dissolv'd 9 ,liquors1 or ,metals 9 corrod+ ,m5/rua2 :i* ,bodies be+ all ( !m v mu* heavi] ?an ,air1 _! ,p>ticles by _! ,admixture mu/ ne$s encrease ! weight ( t ,air !y lie incorporat$ )al1 aft] ! same mann] z melt$ ,salts d augm5t ! specifick ,gravity ( ,wat]4 ,! o!r ,consid]ation is1 t ! ,r>ifaction & ,cond5sation ( ! ,air is n precisely accord+ to ! proportion "h laid d[n2 = ! ,exp]im5t v ne>ly agrees !reto1 z may be se5 9 ! #eh? ,*apt] ( ,mr4 ,hook's ,micrography2 yet are ! ,cond5sations n possible beyond c]ta9 degrees3 ,= be+ compress$ into an #hjj? "p ( ! ,space x takes up "h1 its consi/5ce w\ld be equally d5se ) t ( ,wat]2 :i* yields n to any =ce :atsoev]1 z ha? be5 f\nd by sev]al ,exp]im5ts tri$ "h1 & at ,flor5ce1 by ! ,academia del ,cim5to4 ,nor c ! ,r>ifaction proce$ 9 inf9itum2 = suppos+ ! ,spr+ :]eby x dilates x self1 occasion'd by :at ,texture ( ,p>ts y please1 yet mu/ !re be a det]m9ate ,magnitude ( ! natural ,/ate ( ea* ,p>ticle1 z we see x is 9 ,wool1 & ! l1 ^: ,bodies be+ compressable into a v small ,space1 h yet a det]m9ate bulk :i* !y _c exce$1 :5 free'd f all mann] ( ,pressure4 ,^! ,objections be+ true1 d di/urb ! ,geometrical ,accuracy ( ^! ,conclusions1 drawn f ! specifick ,gravity ( ! ,air obs]v'd at any "t2 b ! ,me?od "h %ewn w compute by a l ,calculation1 ! heights ( ! ,quick-silv]1 & ! ,r>ifactions ( ! ,air f any assign'd height ( ! ,b>omet] at ! ,e>?'s ,surface1 & any specifick ,gravity giv54 ,z to ! ,cond5sation & ,r>ifaction by ,heat & ,cold1 & ! v>i\s mixture ( ,aque\s & o!r ,vap\rs1 ^! two ,objections seem g5]ally to comp5sate ea* o!r2 = :5 ! ,air is r>ifi$ by ,heat1 !y are rais$ mo/ copi\sly2 s t ?\gh ! ,air prop]ly s call'd1 be exp&$1 & consequ5tly light]1 yet ! ,int]/ices !re( be+ cr\d$ full ( ,vap\rs ( mu* heavi] ,matt]s1 bulk = bulk1 ! weight ( ! ,compositum may cont9ue mu* ! same1 at lea/ a mo/ curi\s ,exp]im5t made by ! ,+5i\s ,mr4 ,john ,caswell1 ( ,ox=d1 ^u ! top ( ,sn[don ,hill1 9 ,c>n>van%ire1 seems to prove1 t ! fir/ ,in*es ( ,m]cury h _! ,portions ( ,air ne> en\gh to :at ,i n[ det]m9e3 ,= ! height ( ! ,hill be+ #abdj ,y>ds1 or v ne> x1 he f\nd ! ,m]cury to h subsid$ to #be1f ,in*es1 or #d in*es bel[ ! mean ,altitude !re( at ! ,level ( ! ,sea1 7:i* is a great] diff]5ce ?an has be5 f\nd 9 any ( our =m] ,exp]im5ts17 & ! ,space answ]+ to #d ,in*es1 by my ,calculation1 %\ld be #abhh ,y>ds2 & x agrees z well ) ! ,obs]vations 9 ! ,app5dix to ,mr4 ,pascall's ,book1 del ,equilibre des ,liqueurs1 made on ! high ,hill 9 ,auv]gne1 call'd le puy de ,domme4 ,s t ! ,r>ifaction & ,vap\rs seem n to h alt]'d consid]ably1 ! ,gravity ( ! "u ,p>ts ( ! ,air2 & mu* above ! height :]e ^! ,exp]im5ts 7 made1 d few ,vap\rs asc5d1 & ! ,cold is su* t ! ,sn[ lies cont9ually1 s t = ! m elevat$ ,p>ts ( ! ,sph]e ( ,air1 !re is mu* less ,reason to d\bt4 ,b n[ we h _h occasion to m5tion ! diff]5ce !re is betwe5 ! height ( ! ,m]cury at "o "t1 f ! height !re( at ano!r1 x may n be unacceptable to (f] at "s ,reasons = ! said diff]5ce2 :i*1 at lea/ to my self1 seem to h "s appe>ance ( ,tru?4 ,fir/1 ,!n x's und\bt$ly demon/rable1 t ! height ( ! ,cyl9d] ( ,m]cury is equal to ! weight ( ! :ole incumb5t ,air1 & consequ5tly t t :ole is sometimes a fifte5? m ?an at o!r times2 :i* _c o!rwise be1 b by ! access ( new ,matt] :5 'tis heavy1 & its dim9ution :5 'tis light2 t ,hypo!sis !re=e t %ews h[ ! ,air %all be encreas$ or dim9i%$1 9 any p>ticul> place1 w give a ,reason = ! great] & less] height ( ! ,m]cury 9 ! ,b>oscope3 ,b to direct u 9 ! *oice ( ! sev]al ,causes1 :i* may be assign'd = ! ,increase & ,decrease ( ! ,air1 'twill n be unnecess>y to enum]ate "s ( ! pr9cipal ,obs]vations made ^u ! ,b>omet]1 mo/ :]e( are suffici5tly kn[n already to all ^? t are curi\s 9 ^! ,matt]s4 ,! ,fir/ is1 ,t 9 calm ,wea!r1 :5 ! ,air is incl9'd to ,ra91 ! ,m]cury is commonly l[4 #b4 ,t 9 s]5e good settl$ ,wea!r1 ! ,m]cury is g5]ally high4 #c4 ,t ^u v great ,w9ds1 ?\gh !y be n accompani$ ) ,ra91 ! ,m]cury s9ks l[e/ ( all1 ) relation to ! ,po9t ( ! ,compass ! ,w9d bl[s ^u4 #d4 ,t ct]is p>ibus ! greate/ heights ( ! ,m]cury are f\nd ^u ,ea/]ly & ,nor?-,ea/]ly ,w9ds4 #e4 ,t 9 calm fro/y ,wea!r ! ,m]cury g5]ally /&s high4 #f4 ,t aft] v great ,/orms ( ,w9d1 :5 ! ,quicksilv] has be5 l[1 x g5]ally rises aga9 v fa/4 #g4 ,t ! m ,nor!rly places h great] ,alt]ations ( ! ,b>oscope1 ?an ! m ,s\!rly4 #h4 ,t )9 ! ,tropicks & ne> !m1 ^? ,acc\nts ,i h _h f o!rs1 & my own ,obs]vation at ,/4 ,hel5a1 make v little or no ,v>iation ( ! height ( ! ,m]cury 9 all ,wea!rs4 ,n[ t ,!ory t c well acc\nt = all ^! appe>ances1 w1 9 all probability1 approa* ne>] ! true cause ( ! ,b>omet]s ,v>iations1 ?an any ?+ hi!rto af=d$2 & su* an "o ,i am b\nd to believe1 is t :i* ,i "h lay d[n ) submission to bett] ,judgm5ts4 ,i conceive t ! pr9cipal ,cause ( ! rise & fall ( ! ,m]cury1 is f ! v>iable ,w9ds1 :i* are f\nd 9 ! ,temp]ate ,zones1 & ^: great uncon/ancy "h 9 ,engl& is mo/ notori\s4 ,i %all n at pres5t inquire into ! ,cause ( its unc]ta9ty1 b ! ,matt] ( ,fact be+ mo/ und\bt$1 ! ,legitimate ,consequ5ces !re( mu/ be all['d me1 let x proce$ f :at x w4 ,a second ,cause is ! unc]ta9 ,exhalation & ,prcipitation ( ! ,vap\rs lodg+ 9 ! ,air1 :]eby x comes to be at "o "t mu* m cr[d$ ?an at ano!r1 & consequ5tly heavi]2 b ?is latt] 9 a great measure dep5ds ^u ! =m]4 ,n[ f ^! ,pr9ciples ,i %all endeav\r to explicate ! sev]al ,phnom5a ( ! ,b>omet]1 tak+ !m 9 ! same ord] ,i laid !m d[n4 #a4 ,:y 9 calm ,wea!r ! ,air be+ incl9'd to ,ra91 ! ,m]cury is commonly l[8 ,i ,answ]1 ,t ! ,m]cury's be+ l[1 incl9es x to ,ra92 = ! ,air be+ light1 ! ,vap\rs are no long] support$ !reby1 be+ become specifically heavi] ?an ! ,m$ium :]e9 !y float$2 s t !y desc5d t[>ds ! ,e>?1 & 9 _! fall meet+ ) o!r aque\s ,p>ticles1 !y incorporate toge!r1 & =m little drops ( ,ra92 b ! ,m]cury's be+ at "o "t l[] ?an ano!r1 is ! effect ( two contr>y ,w9ds bl[+ f ! place :5ce ! ,b>omet] /&s2 :]eby ! ,air ( t place is c>ri$ bo? ways f x1 & consequ5tly ! incumb5t ,cyl9d] ( ,air is dim9i%$1 & accord+ly ! ,m]cury s9ks2 z = ,in/ance1 if 9 ! ,g]man ,ocean x %\ld bl[ a ,gale ( ,we/]ly ,w9d1 & at ! same "t an ,ea/]ly ,w9d 9 ! ,iri% ,sea2 or if 9 ,france x %\ld bl[ a ,s\!rly ,w9d1 & 9 ,scotl& a ,nor!rn2 x mu/ be grant$ me1 t ,t "p ( ! ,atmosph]e imp5d5t ov] ,engl&1 w\ld !reby be exhau/$ & att5uat$1 & ! ,m]cury w\ld subside1 & ! ,vap\rs :i* be=e float$ 9 ^? p>ts ( ! ,air ( equal ,gravity ) !mselves1 w\ld s9k to ! ,e>?4 #b4 ,:y 9 s]5e good settl$ wea!r ! ,m]cury is g5]ally high8 ,to ?is ,i ,answ]1 ,t ! great] height ( ! ,b>omet]1 is occasion'd by two contr>y ,w9ds bl[+ t[>ds ! place ( ,obs]vation1 :]eby ! ,air ( o!r places is br\ght ?i!r & accumulat$2 s t ! incumb5t ,cyl9d] ( ,air be+ encreas'd bo? 9 height & weight1 ! ,m]cury press'd !reby mu/ ne$s rise & /& high1 z long z ! ,w9ds cont9ue s to bl[2 & !n ! ,air be+ specifically heavi]1 ! ,vap\rs are bett] kept susp5d$1 s t !y h no incl9ation to ,prcipitate & fall d[n 9 ,drops1 :i* is ! reason ( ! s]5e good ,wea!r1 :i* att5ds ! great] heights ( ! ,m]cury4 #c4 ,:y ^u v great ,w9ds or ,/orms1 ?o' accompani$ ) no ,ra91 ! ,m]cury s9ks l[e/ ( all1 ) relation to ! ,po9t ( ! ,compass ^u :i* ! ,w9d bl[s8 ,?is is caus'd by ! v rapid ,motion ( ! ,air 9 ^! ,/orms2 = ! ,tract or ,region ( ! ,e>?s ,surface1 :]e9 ^! ,w9ds rage1 n ext5d+ all r\nd ! ,globe1 t /agnant ,air :i* is left beh9d1 z likewise t on ! sides1 _c come 9 s fa/ z to supply ! ,evacuation made by s swift a ,curr5t2 s t ! ,air mu/ necess>ily be att5uat$1 :5 & :]e ! said ,w9ds cont9ue to bl[1 & t m or less1 accord+ to _! ,viol5ce2 add to :i*1 t ! ,horizontal ,motion ( ! ,air be+ s quick z x is1 may 9 all probability take (f "s "p ( ! p]p5dicul> pressure !re(2 & ! great ,agitation ( its ,p>ticles1 is ! ,reason :y ! ,vap\rs are dissipat$1 & d n cond5se into ,drops1 s z to =m ,ra91 o!rwise ! natural ,consequ5ce ( ! ,airs ,r>ifaction4 #d4 ,:y ct]is p>ibus ! ,m]cury /&s highe/ ^u an ,ea/]ly or ,nor?-,ea/]ly ,w9d8 ,?is happ5s because t 9 ! great ,atlantick ,ocean1 on ?is side ! ?irty fif? ,degree ( ,nor? ,latitude1 ! ,we/]ly & ,s\?-,we/]ly ,trade-,w9ds bl[ almo/ always2 s t :5ev] "h ! ,w9d comes up at ,ea/ & ,nor?-,ea/1 'tis sure to be *eck$ by a contr>y ,gale1 z soon z x rea*es ! ,ocean2 :]e=e1 accord+ to :at is made out 9 our second ,rem>k1 ! ,air mu/ ne$s be heap$ ov] ?is ,isl&2 & consequ5tly ! ,m]cury mu/ /& high1 z (t5 z ^! ,w9ds bl[4 ,?is holds true 9 ?is ,c\ntry1 b is n a g5]al ,rule = o!rs1 :]e ! ,w9ds are "u diff]5t ,circum/ances2 & ,i h sometimes se5 ! ,m]cury "h z l[ z tw5ty n9e ,in*es1 ^u an ,ea/]ly ,w9d1 b !n x bl[s exce$+ h>d1 & s comes to be acc\nt$ = by :at 0 obs]v'd ^u ! ?ird ,rem>k4 #e4 ,:y 9 calm ,wea!r ! ,m]cury g5]ally /&s high8 ,! cause h]e( is1 z ,i conceive1 t x seldom freezes b :5 ! ,w9ds come out ( ! ,nor!rn & ,nor?-,ea/]n ,qu>t]s1 or at lea/ unless ^? ,w9ds bl[ at no great di/ance (f2 = ! ,nor!rn ,p>ts ( ,g]many1 ,d5m>k1 ,sw$51 ,norway1 & all t ,tract f :5ce ,nor?-,ea/]n ,w9ds come1 are subject to almo/ cont9ual ,fro/ all ! ,w9t]2 & !reby ! l[] ,air is v mu* cond5s'd1 & 9 t ,/ate is br\ght hi!rw>ds by ^! ,w9ds1 & be+ accumulat$ by ! opposition ( ! ,we/]ly ,w9d bl[+ 9 ! ,ocean1 ! ,m]cury mu/ ne$s be pre/ to a m ?an ord9>y height1 & z a concurr+ ,cause1 ! %r9k+ ( ! l[] p>ts ( ! ,air into less] room by cold1 mu/ ne$s cause a desc5t ( ! upp] p>ts ( ! ,atmosph]e1 to r$uce ! ,cavity made by ?is contraction to an quilibrium4 #f4 ,:y aft] v great ,/orms ( ,w9d1 :5 ! ,m]cury has be5 v l[1 x g5]ally rises aga9 v fa/8 ,?is ,i h frequ5tly obs]v$1 & once f\nd x ris5 an ,in* & a half 9 less ?an six ,h\rs1 aft] a long cont9u'd ,/orm ( ,s\?-,we/ ,w9d4 ,?is seems to be occasion'd by ! sudd5 ,accession ( new ,air to supply ! great ,evacuation :i* su* cont9u'd ,/orms make !re(1 9 ^? places :5ce !y happ5 7z 9 ! ?ird ,rem>k7 & by ! ,recoile ( ! ,air1 aft] ! =ce ceases t impell$ x2 & ! ,reason :y ! ,m]cury rises s fa/1 is because ! ,air be+ v mu* r>ify'd beyond its mean d5sity1 ! ,neighb\r+ ,air runs 9 ! m swiftly to br+ x to an quilibration1 z we see ,wat] runs ! fa/] = hav+ a great declivity4 #g4 ,:y 9 m ,nor!rly places ! ,v>iations ( ! ,b>oscope are great] ?an 9 ! ,s\!rly8 ,! tru? ( ! ,matt] ( ,fact is prov'd f ,obs]vations made at ,cl]mont & ,p>is1 comp>'d ) o!rs1 made at ,/ockholm1 z may be se5 9 ! ,app5dix to ,mr4 ,pascal's ,book be=e-cit$4 ,! ,reason ,i conjecture to be1 t ! m ,nor!rly ,p>ts h usually great] ,/orms ( ,w9d ?an ! m ,s\!rly1 :]eby ! ,m]cury %\ld s9k l[] 9 t ,extream2 & !n ! ,nor!rly ,w9ds br++ ! cond5s'd & pond]\s ,air f ! ,neighb\rhood ( ! ,pole1 & t aga9 be+ *eck'd by a ,s\!rly ,w9d1 at no great di/ance1 & s heap$1 mu/ ( necessity make ! ,m]cury 9 su* case /& high] 9 ! o!r ,extream4 #h4 ,& ,la/ly1 ,:y ne> ! qu9octial1 z at ,b>badoes & ,/4 ,hel5a1 !re is v little or no ,v>iation ( ! height ( ! ,b>omet]8 ,?is ,rem>k1 above all o!rs1 confirms ! ,hypo!sis ( ! v>iable ,w9ds1 be+ ! cause ( ^! ,v>iations ( ! height ( ! ,m]cury2 = 9 ! ,places above-nam$1 !re is always an easie ,gale ( ,w9d bl[+ ne>ly ^u ! same ,po9t1 viz4 ,e4 ,n4 ,e4 at ,b>badoes1 & ,e4 ,s4 ,e4 at ,/4 ,hel5a2 s t !re be+ no contr>y ,curr5ts ( ! ,air1 to exhau/ or accumulate x1 ! ,atmosph]e cont9ues mu* 9 ! same ,/ate4 ,h[ev]1 ^u ,hurricanes1 ! mo/ viol5t ( ,/orms1 ! ,m]cury has be5 obs]v'd v l[1 b ?is is b = once 9 two or ?ree ,ye>s1 & x soon recov]s its settl$ /ate ( ab\t #bi ,in*es4 ,i d\bt n b ! same ?+ is 9 ! ,ea/ ,coa/ ( ,africa1 & 9 ,india1 :]e ! ,monsoons or ,trade-,w9ds are = half ! ,ye> "o way1 & half ! ,ye> ano!r2 only x's probable1 t !re may some?+ wor? not+ happ51 ab\t ! times ( ! *ange or %ift+ ( ! ,w9ds1 :i* might be obta9'd1 if any ,body _h ! ,curiosity to keep ! ,b>omet] at our ,factories 9 ,india4 ,i d\bt n b ?is ,doctr9e w f9d "s ,oppos]s1 & t "o pr9cipal ,objection w be1 t ,i suppose ! ,air sometimes to move f ^? ,p>ts :]e x is already evacuat$ bel[ ! quilibrium1 & sometimes aga9 t[>ds ^? p>ts1 :]e x is cond5s'd & cr\d$ above ! mean ,/ate1 :i* may be ?\ght contradictory to ! ,laws ( ,/aticks & ! ,rules ( ! quilibrium ( ,fluids4 ,b ^? t %all consid] h[1 :5 once an impetus is giv5 to a ,fluid ,body1 x is capable ( m\nt+ above its ,level1 & *eck+ o!rs t h a contr>y t5d5cy to desc5t by _! own ,gravity1 w no long] reg>d ?is z a mat]ial ,ob/acle1 b w r conclude1 t ! great ,analogy !re is betwe5 ! ris+ & fall+ ( ! ,wat] ^u ! ,flux & ,reflux ( ! ,sea1 & ?is ( ! accumulat+ & ext5uat+ ! ,air1 is a great ,argum5t = ! ,tru? ( ?is ,hypo!sis3 ,= z ! ,sea ov] aga9/ ! ,coa/ ( ,essex1 rises & swells by ! meet+ ( ! two contr>y ,tides ( ,flood1 7:]e( ! "o comes f ! ,s4 ,w4 along ! ,*annel ( ,engl&1 & ! o!r f ! ,nor?72 & on ! contr>y s9ks bel[ its ,level ^u ! retreat ( ! ,wat] bo? ways 9 ! ,tide ( ,ebb2 s x is v probable t ! ,air may ,ebb & ,fl[1 aft] ! same mann]2 b by reason ( ! div]sity ( ,causes1 :]eby ! ,air may be set 9 mov+1 ! times ( ^! ,fluxes & ,refluxes !re(1 are purely ,casual1 & n r$ucible to any ,rule1 z are ! ,motions ( ! ,sea1 dep5d+ :olly ^u ! regul> ,c\rse ( ! ,moon4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #a4 pag4 #ig ,a ,lett] ( ,mr4 ,isaac ,newton1 ,pr(essor ( ! ,ma!maticks 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge2 conta9+ 8 ,new ,!ory ab\t ,light & ,col\rs3 ,s5t by ! ,au?or to ! ,publi%] f ,cambridge1 ,feb4 #f4 #afga_/b2 9 ord] to be communicat$ to ! ,royal ,society4 ,,sir1 ,to p]=m my late promise to y1 ,i %all )\t fur!r ,c]emony acqua9t y1 ,t 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,ye> #afff 7at :i* "t ,i apply'd my self to ! gr9d+ ( ,optick-glasses ( o!r ,figures ?an ,sph]ical17 ,i procur'd me a ,triangul> ,glass-,prism1 to try !re) ! celebrat$ ,phnom5a ( ,col\rs4 ,& 9 ord] !reto1 hav+ d>k5'd my ,*amb]1 & made a small hole 9 my ,w9d[-%uts1 to let 9 a conv5i5t quantity ( ! ,sun's ,light1 ,i plac'd my ,prism at 8 entrance1 t x might be !reby refract$ to ! opposite ,wall4 ,x 0 at fir/ a v pleas+ ,div]tisem5t1 to view ! vivid & int5se ,col\rs produc$ !reby2 b aft] a :ile apply+ my self to consid] !m m circumspectly1 ,i became surpriz'd to see !m 9 an oblong ,=m2 :i*1 accord+ to ! receiv$ ,laws ( ,r>efraction1 ,i expect$ %\ld h be5 ,circul>4 ,!y 7 t]m9at$ at ! sides ) /reight ,l9es1 b at ! ends1 ! decay ( ,light 0 s gradual1 t x 0 difficult to det]m9e ju/ly1 :at 0 _! ,figure2 yet !y seem'd ,semicircul>4 ,comp>+ ! l5g? ( ?is col\r'd ,spectrum ) its bread?1 ,i f\nd x ab\t five times great]2 a disproportion s extravagant1 t x excit$ me to a m ?an ord9>y ,curiosity ( exam9+1 f :5ce x might proce$4 ,i c\ld sc>ce ?9k1 t ! v>i\s ?ickness ( ! ,glass1 or ! t]m9ation ) %ad[ or d>kness1 c\ld h any ,influ5ce on ,light to produce su* an effect2 yet ,i ?\ght x n amiss1 fir/ to exam9e ^? ,circum/ances1 & s try'd :at w\ld happ5 by transmitt+ ,light ?r\gh p>ts ( ! ,glass ( div]s ?icknesses1 or ?r\gh holes 9 ! ,w9d[ ( div]s bignesses1 or by sett+ ! ,prism )\t1 s t ! ,light might pass ?r\gh x1 & be refract$ be=e x 0 t]m9at$ by ! hole3 ,b ,i f\nd none ( ^? ,circum/ances mat]ial4 ,! fa%ion ( ! ,col\rs 01 9 all ^! ,cases1 ! same4 ,!n ,i suspect$1 :e!r by any unev5ness 9 ! ,glass1 or o!r cont+5t ,irregul>ity1 ^! ,col\rs might be ?us dilat$4 ,& to try ?is1 ,i took ano!r ,prism l ! =m]1 & s plac'd x1 t ! ,light pass+ ?r\gh !m bo?1 might be refract$ contr>y ways1 & s by ! latt] return'd into t ,c\rse1 f :i* ! =m] _h div]t$ x4 ,=1 by ?is means1 ,i ?\ght ! regul> effects ( ! fir/ ,prism w\ld be de/roy'd by ! second ,prism1 b ! irregul> ones m augm5t$ by ! multiplicity ( ,refractions4 ,! ,ev5t 01 t ! ,light1 :i* by ! fir/ ,prism 0 diffus$ into an oblong ,=m1 01 by ! second1 r$uc'd into an orbicul> "o1 ) z mu* regul>ity1 z :5 x did n at all pass ?r\gh !m4 ,s t :atev] 0 ! cause ( t l5g?1 'twas n any cont+5t ,irregul>ity4 ,i !n proce$$ to exam9e m critically1 :at might be effect$ by ! diff]5ce ( ! incid5ce ( ,rays com+ f div]s p>ts ( ! ,sun2 & to t end1 measur'd ! sev]al ,l9es & ,angles belong+ to ! ,image4 ,its di/ance f ! ,hole or ,prism 0 tw5ty two ,foot2 its utmo/ l5g? #ac ,in*es2 its bread? #b2 ! ,diamet] ( ! ,hole ( an ,in*2 ! ,angle1 ) ! ,rays1 t5d+ t[>ds ! middle ( ! ,image1 made ) ^? ,l9es1 9 :i* !y w\ld h proce$$ )\t ,refraction1 0 #dd #ef'4 ,& ! ,v]tical ,angle ( ! ,prism1 #fc #ab'4 ,also ! ,refractions on bo? sides ! ,prism1 t is1 ( ! ,incid5t1 & ,em]g5t ,rays1 7 z ne>1 z ,i c\ld make !m1 equal1 & consequ5tly ab\t #ed #d'4 ,& ! ,rays fell p]p5dicul>ly ^u ! ,wall4 ,n[ subduct+ ! ,diamet] ( ! ,hole f ! l5g? & bread? ( ! ,image1 !re rema9s #ac ,in*es ! l5g?1 & #b ! bread?1 compreh5d$ by ^? ,rays1 :i* pass$ ?ro' ! ,c5t] ( ! said ,hole1 & consequ5tly ! ,angle ( ! ,hole1 :i* t bread? subt5d$1 0 ab\t #ca'1 answ]able to ! ,sun's ,diamet]2 b ! ,angle1 :i* its l5g? subt5d$1 0 m ?an five su* ,diamet]s1 namely #b #di'4 ,hav+ made ^! ,obs]vations1 ,i fir/ comput$ f !m ! refractive ,p[] ( t ,glass1 & f\nd x measur'd by ! ratio ( ! ,s9es1 tw5ty to ?irty "o4 ,& !n1 by t ratio1 ,i comput$ ! ,refractions ( two ,rays fl[+ f opposite p>ts ( ! ,sun's discus1 s z to diff] #ca' 9 _! obliquity ( ,incid5ce1 & f\nd t ! em]g5t ,rays %\ld h compreh5d$ an ,angle ( ab\t #ca'1 z !y did1 be=e !y 7 incid5t4 ,b because ?is ,computation 0 f\nd$ on ! ,hypo!sis ( ! proportionality ( ! ,s9es ( ,incid5ce & ,refraction1 :i*1 ?o' by my own ,exp]i5ce ,i c\ld n imag9e to be s errone\s z to make t ,angle b #ca'1 :i* 9 reality 0 #b #di'2 yet my ,curiosity caus'd me aga9 to take my ,prism4 ,& hav+ plac'd x at my ,w9d[1 z be=e1 ,i obs]v'd1 t by turn+ x a little ab\t its ,axis to & fro1 s z to v>y its obliquity to ! light1 m ?an an ,angle ( f\r or five ,degrees1 ! ,col\rs 7 n !reby s5sibly translat$ f _! place on ! ,wall1 & consequ5tly by t ,v>iation ( ,incid5ce1 ! quantity ( ,refraction 0 n s5sibly v>i$4 ,by ?is ,exp]im5t !re=e1 z well z by ! =m] ,computation1 x 0 evid5t1 t ! diff]5ce ( ! ,incid5ce ( ,rays1 fl[+ f div]s p>ts ( ! ,sun c\ld n make !m1 aft] decussation1 div]ge at a s5sibly great] ,angle1 ?an t at :i* !y be=e conv]g$2 :i* be+1 at mo/1 b ab\t ?irty "o or ?irty two ,m9utes1 !re /ill rema9'd "s o!r cause to be f\nd out1 f :5ce x c\ld be two ,deg4 #di ,m94 ,!n ,i began to suspect1 :e!r ! ,rays1 aft] _! ,trajection ?r\gh ! ,prism1 did n move 9 curve ,l9es1 & accord+ to _! m or less ,curvity1 t5d to div]s p>ts ( ! ,wall4 ,& x increas'd my suspicion1 :5 ,i rememb]'d t ,i _h (t5 se5 a ,t5nis-,ball1 /ruck ) an oblique ,racket1 describe su* a curve ,l9e4 ,= a ,circul> z well z a ,progressive ,motion be+ communicat$ to x by t /roak1 its p>ts on t side1 :]e ! ,motions conspire1 mu/ press & beat ! contigu\s ,air m viol5tly ?an on ! o!r1 & !re excite a ,reluctancy & ,reaction ( ! ,air proportionably great]4 ,& = ! same ,reason1 if ! ,rays ( ,light %\ld possibly be globul> ,bodies1 & by _! oblique ,passage out ( "o ,m$ium into ano!r1 acquire a circulat+ ,motion1 !y ought to feel ! great] resi/ance f ! ambi5t !r1 on t side1 :]e ?is ,motion conspires1 & !nce be cont9ually b[$ to ! o!r4 ,b not)/&+ ?is plausible gr\nd ( suspicion1 :5 ,i came to exam9e x1 ,i c\ld obs]ve no su* ,curvity 9 !m4 ,& besides 7:i* 0 en\gh = my purpose7 ,i obs]v'd1 t ! diff]5ce 'twixt ! l5g? ( ! ,image1 & ,diamet] ( ! ,hole1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,light 0 transmitt$1 0 proportionable to _! di/ance4 ,! gradual removal ( ^! suspicions1 at l5g? l$ me to ! ,exp]im5tum ,crucis1 :i* 0 ?is2 ,i took two ,bo>ds1 & plac'd "o ( !m close beh9d ! ,prism at ! ,w9d[1 s t ! light might pass ?r\gh a small hole1 made 9 x = ! purpose1 & fall on ! o!r ,bo>d1 :i* ,i plac'd at ab\t twelve ,feet di/ance1 hav+ fir/ made a small hole 9 x also1 = "s ( t incid5t ,light to pass ?r\gh4 ,!n ,i plac'd ano!r ,prism beh9d ?is second ,bo>d1 s t ! ,light1 traject$ ?r\gh bo? ! ,bo>ds1 might pass ?ro' t also1 & be aga9 refract$ be=e x arriv$ at ! ,wall4 ,?is done1 ,i took ! fir/ ,prism 9 my ,h&1 & turn'd x to & fro sl[ly ab\t its ,axis1 s mu* z to make ! sev]al p>ts ( ! ,image1 ca/ on ! second ,bo>d1 successively pass ?r\gh ! hole 9 x1 t ,i might obs]ve to :at places on ! ,wall ! second ,prism w\ld refract !m4 ,& ,i saw by ! ,v>iation ( ^? places1 t ! ,light1 t5d+ to t end ( ! ,image1 t[>ds :i* ! ,refraction ( ! fir/ ,prism 0 made1 did1 9 ! second ,prism1 suff] a ,refraction consid]ably great] ?an ! ,light t5d+ to ! o!r end4 ,& s ! true cause ( ! l5g? ( t ,image 0 detect$ to be no o!r1 ?an t ,light consi/s ( ,rays diff]5tly refrangible1 :i*1 )\t any respect to a diff]5ce 9 _! incid5ce1 71 accord+ to _! degrees ( ,refrangibility1 transmitt$ t[>ds div]s p>ts ( ! ,wall4 ,:5 ,i und]/ood ?is1 ,i left (f my a=esaid ,glass ,works2 = ,i saw1 t ! p]fection ( ,telescopes 0 hi!rto limit$1 n s mu* = want ( ,glasses truly figur'd1 accord+ to ! prescriptions ( ,optick ,au?ors 7:i* all ,m5 h hi!rto imag9'd71 z because t ,light x self is a ,het]og5e\s mixture ( diff]5tly refrangible ,rays4 ,s t1 7 a ,glass s exactly figur'd1 s z to collect any "o sort ( ,rays into "o ,po9t1 x c\ld n collect ^? also into ! same ,po9t1 :i* hav+ ! same ,incid5ce ^u ! same ,m$ium1 are apt to suff] a diff]5t ,refraction4 ,nay1 ,i wond]'d1 t see+ ! diff]5ce ( ,refrangibility 0 s great1 z ,i f\nd x1 ,telescopes %\ld arrive to t p]fection !y are n[ at4 ,=1 measur+ ! ,refractions 9 "o ( my ,prisms1 ,i f\nd1 t1 suppos+ ! common ,s9e ( ,incid5ce ^u "o ( its pla9s1 0 =ty f\r ,p>ts1 ! ,s9e ( ,refraction ( ! utmo/ ,rays on ! r$ end ( ! ,col\rs1 made out ( ! ,glass into ! ,air1 w\ld be sixty eight p>ts1 & ! ,s9e ( ,refraction ( ! utmo/ ,rays on ! o!r end1 sixty n9e p>ts2 s t ! diff]5ce is ab\t a tw5ty f\r? or tw5ty fif? "p ( ! :ole ,refraction4 ,& consequ5tly ! ,object glass ( any ,telescope _c collect all ! ,rays1 :i* come f "o po9t ( an ,object1 s z to make !m conv5e at its ,focus 9 less room ?an 9 a ,circul> space1 ^: ,diamet] is ! fiftie? "p ( ! ,diamet] ( its ,ap]ture2 :i* is an irregul>ity1 "s hundr$ ( times great]1 ?an a circul>ly figur'd ,l5s1 ( s small a section z ! ,object-glasses ( long ,telescopes are1 w\ld cause by ! unfitness ( its ,figure1 7 ,light uni=m4 ,?is made me take ,reflections into ,consid]ation1 & f9d+ !m regul>1 s t ! ,angle ( ,reflection ( all sorts ( ,rays 0 equal to _! ,angle ( ,incid5ce2 ,i und]/ood1 t by _! m$iation1 ,optick ,in/rum5ts might be br\ght to any degree ( ,p]fection imag9able1 provid$ a ,reflect+ ,sub/ance c\ld be f\nd1 :i* w\ld poli% z f9ely z ,glass1 & reflect z mu* ,light z ,glass transmits2 & ! art ( communicat+ to x a ,p>abolick ,figure be also atta9'd4 ,b !re seem'd v great ,difficulties1 & ,i h almo/ ?\ght !m insup]able1 :5 ,i fur!r consid]'d1 t e ,irregul>ity 9 a reflect+ ,sup]ficies makes ! ,rays /ray five or six times m out ( _! due c\rse1 ?an ! l ,irregul>ities 9 a refract+ "o2 ,s t a mu* great] ,curiosity w\ld be "h requisite1 ?an 9 ,figur+ ,glasses = ,refraction4 ,amid/ ^! ,?\ghts ,i 0 =c'd f ,cambridge by ! ,int]v5+ ,plague1 & x 0 m ?an two ,ye>s be=e ,i proce$$ fur!r4 ,b !n hav+ ?\ght on a t5d] way ( poli%+1 prop] = ,metal1 :]eby1 z ,i imag9'd1 ! ,figure also w\ld be correct$ to ! la/2 ,i began to try :at might be effect$ 9 ?is k9d1 & by degrees s f> p]fect$ an ,in/rum5t 79 ! ess5tial p>ts ( x l t ,i s5t to ,london17 by :i* ,i c\ld disc]n ,jupit]'s f\r ,concomitants1 & %ew'd !m div]s times to two o!rs ( my ,acqua9tance4 ,i c\ld also disc]n ! ,moon-l ,phase ( ,v5us1 b n v di/9ctly1 nor )\t "s nic5ess 9 dispos+ ! ,in/rum5t4 ,f t "t ,i 0 int]rupt$1 till ?is la/ ,autumn1 :5 ,i made ! o!r4 ,& z t 0 s5sibly bett] ?an ! fir/ 7especially = ,day-,objects17 s ,i d\bt n b !y w be /ill br\ght to a mu* great] p]fection by _! ,endeav\rs1 :o1 z y in=m me1 are tak+ c>e ab\t x at ,london4 ,i h sometimes ?\ght to make a ,microscope1 :i* 9 l mann] %\ld h1 in/ead ( an ,object-glass1 a reflect+ piece ( ,metal4 ,& ?is ,i hope !y w also take into ,consid]ation3 ,= ^? ,in/rum5ts seem z capable ( improvem5t z ,telescopes1 & p]haps m1 because b "o reflective piece ( ,metal is requisite 9 !m1 z y may p]ceive 9 ,plate #c4 ,fig4 #a4 :]e ,,ab repres5te? ! ,object ,metal1 ,,cd ! ,eye-glass1 ,f _! common ,focus1 & ,o ! o!r ,focus ( ! ,metal1 9 :i* ! ,object is plac$4 ,b to return f ?is digression1 ,i told y1 t ,light is n simil>1 or homog5eal1 b consi/s ( dif=m ,rays1 "s ( :i* are m refrangible ?an o!rs3 ,s t ( ^?1 :i* are alike incid5t on ! same ,m$ium1 "s %all be m refract$ ?an o!rs1 & t n by any virtue ( ! ,glass1 or o!r ext]nal ,cause1 b f a pr$isposition1 :i* e p>ticul> ,ray ha? to suff] a p>ticul> degree ( ,refraction4 ,i %all n[ proce$ to acqua9t y ) ano!r m notable de=mity 9 its ,rays1 :]e9 ! ,orig9 ( ,col\rs is unfold$3 ,conc]n+ :i* ,i %all lay d[n ! ,doctr9e fir/1 & !n1 = its ,exam9ation1 give y an ,in/ance or two ( ! ,exp]im5ts1 z a ,specim5 ( ! re/4 ,! ,doctr9e y w f9d compreh5d$ & illu/rat$ 9 ! foll[+ ,propositions4 #a4 ,z ! ,rays ( ,light diff] 9 degrees ( ,refrangibility1 s !y also diff] 9 _! disposition to exhibit ?is or t p>ticul> ,col\r4 ,col\rs are n ,qualifications ( ,light1 d]iv$ f ,refractions1 or ,reflections ( natural ,bodies1 7z 'tis g5]ally believ$7 b ,orig9al & connate ,prop]ties1 :i* 9 div]s ,rays are div]s4 ,"s ,rays are dispos$ to exhibit a r$ ,col\r & no o!r2 "s a yell[ & no o!r1 "s a gre5 & no o!r1 & s ( ! re/4 ,nor are !re only ,rays prop] & p>ticul> to ! m em95t ,col\rs1 b ev5 to all _! int]m$iate ,gradations4 #b4 ,to ! same degree ( ,refrangibility ev] belongs ! same ,col\r1 & to ! same ,col\r ev] belongs ! same degree ( ,refrangibility4 ,! lea/ ,refrangible ,rays are all dispos$ to exhibit a ,r$ ,col\r1 & contr>ily ^? ,rays1 :i* are dispos$ to exhibit a ,r$ ,col\r1 are all ! lea/ ,refrangible3 ,s ! mo/ ,refrangible ,rays are all dispos$ to exhibit a deep ,violet ,col\r1 & contr>ily ^? :i* are apt to exhibit su* a ,violet ,col\r1 are all ! mo/ ,refrangible4 ,& s to all ! int]m$iate ,col\rs 9 a cont9u$ ,s]ies belong int]m$iate degrees ( ,refrangibility4 ,& ?is ,analogy 'twixt ,col\rs1 & ,refrangibility1 is v precise & /rict2 ! ,rays always ei!r exactly agree+ 9 bo?1 or proportionally disagree+ 9 bo?4 #c4 ,! ,species ( ,col\r1 & ,degree ( ,refrangibility prop] to any p>ticul> sort ( ,rays1 is n mutable by ,refraction1 nor by ,reflection f ,natural ,bodies1 nor by any o!r ,cause1 t ,i c\ld yet obs]ve4 ,:5 any "o sort ( ,rays ha? be5 well p>t$ f ^? ( o!r k9ds1 x ha? aft]w>ds ob/9ately reta9'd its ,col\r1 not)/&+ my utmo/ ,endeav\rs to *ange x4 ,i h refract$ x ) ,prisms1 & reflect$ x ) ,bodies1 :i* 9 ,day-light 7 ( o!r ,col\rs2 ,i h int]cept$ x ) ! col\r'd ,film ( ,air int]c$+ two compress$ ,plates ( ,glass2 transmitt$ x ?r\gh col\r'd ,m$iums1 & ?r\gh ,m$iums irradiat$ ) o!r sorts ( ,rays1 & div]sly t]m9at$ x1 & yet c\ld nev] produce any new ,col\r out ( x4 ,x w\ld by contract+ & dilat+ become m brisk1 or fa9t1 & by ! loss ( _m ,rays 9 "s ,cases v obscure & d>k2 b ,i c\ld nev] see x *ang'd 9 specie4 #d4 ,yet seem+ ,transmutations ( ,col\rs may be made1 :]e !re is any mixture ( div]s sorts ( ,rays4 ,= 9 su* mixtures1 ! compon5t ,col\rs appe> n1 b by _! mutual allay+ ea* o!r1 con/itute a midl+ ,col\r4 ,& !re=e1 if by ,refraction1 or any o!r ( ! a=esaid ,causes1 ! dif=m ,rays1 lat5t 9 su* a mixture1 be sep>at$1 !re %all em]ge ,col\rs diff]5t f ! col\r ( ! ,composition4 ,:i* ,col\rs are n new g5]at$1 b only made app>5t by be+ p>t$2 = if !y be aga9 intirely mix'd & bl5d$ toge!r1 !y w aga9 compose t ,col\r1 :i* !y did be=e sep>ation4 ,& = ! same reason1 ,transmutations made by ! conv5+ ( div]s ,col\rs are n real2 = :5 ! dif=m ,rays are aga9 sev]$1 !y w exhibit ! v same ,col\rs1 :i* !y did be=e !y ent]$ ! ,composition2 z y see1 ,blue & ,yell[ ,p[d]s1 :5 f9ely mix$1 appe> to ! nak$ ,eye ,gre51 & yet ! ,col\rs ( ! compon5t ,corpuscles are n !reby really transmut$1 b only bl5d$4 ,=1 :5 view$ ) a good ,microscope1 !y /ill appe> ,blue & ,yell[ int]sp]s$ly4 #e4 ,!re are !re=e two sorts ( ,col\rs4 ,! "o ,orig9al & ,simple1 ! o!r comp\nd$ ( ^!4 ,! ,orig9al or ,prim>y ,col\rs are1 ,r$1 ,yell[1 ,gre51 ,blue1 & a ,violet-purple1 toge!r ) ,orange1 ,indico1 & an indef9ite v>iety ( int]m$iate ,gradations4 #f4 ,! same ,col\rs 9 ,specie ) ^! prim>y ,ones1 may be also produc$ by ,composition3 ,=1 a mixture ( ,yell[ & ,blue makes ,gre52 ( ,r$ & ,yell[1 makes ,orange2 ( ,orange & ,yell[i% ,gre51 makes ,yell[4 ,& 9 g5]al1 if any two ,col\rs be mix'd1 :i* 9 ! ,s]ies ( ^?1 g5]at$ by ! ,prism1 are n too f> di/ant "o f ano!r1 !y by _! mutual ,alloy comp\nd t ,col\r1 :i* 9 ! said ,s]ies appe>e? 9 ! mid-way betwe5 !m4 ,b ^?1 :i* are situat$ at too great a di/ance1 d n s4 ,orange & ,indico produce n ! int]m$iate ,gre51 nor ,sc>let & ,gre5 ! int]m$iate ,yell[4 #g4 ,b ! mo/ surpriz+ & wond]ful ,composition 0 t ( ,:it5ess4 ,!re is no "o sort ( ,rays :i* alone c exhibit ?is4 ',tis ev] comp\nd$1 & to its ,composition are requisite all ! a=esaid prim>y ,col\rs1 mix'd 9 a due proportion4 ,i h (t5 ) admiration beheld1 t all ! ,col\rs ( ! ,prism be+ made to conv]ge1 & !reby to be aga9 mix$ z !y 7 9 ! light be=e x 0 incid5t ^u ! ,prism1 reproduc$ light1 intirely & p]fectly :ite1 & n at all s5sibly diff]+ f a direct light ( ! ,sun1 unless :5 ! ,glasses1 ,i us$1 7 n suffici5tly cle>2 = !n !y w\ld a little incl9e x to _! ,col\r4 #h4 ,h5ce !re=e x comes to pass1 t ,:it5ess is ! usual ,col\r ( ,light2 = ,light is a confus$ aggregate ( ,rays1 indu$ ) all sorts ( ,col\rs1 z !y are promiscu\sly d>t$ f ! v>i\s p>ts ( lum9\s ,bodies4 ,& ( su* a confus$ aggregate1 z ,i said1 is g5]at$ ,:it5ess1 if !re be a due proportion ( ! ,+r$i5ts2 b if any "o pr$om9ate1 ! ,light mu/ incl9e to t ,col\r2 z x happ5s 9 ! blue ,flame ( ,brim/one1 ! yell[ ,flame ( a ,c&le1 & ! v>i\s ,col\rs ( ! fix$ ,/>s4 #i4 ,^! ?+s consid]'d1 ! mann]1 h[ ,col\rs are produc$ by ! ,prism1 is evid5t4 ,=1 ( ! ,rays1 con/itut+ ! incid5t ,light1 s9ce ^? :i* diff] 9 ,col\r proportionally diff] 9 ,refrangibility1 !y by _! unequal ,refractions mu/ be sev]$ & disp]s$ into an oblong ,=m1 9 an ord]ly succession1 f ! lea/ refract$ ,sc>let to ! mo/ refract$ ,violet4 ,& = ! same reason x is1 t ,objects1 :5 look'd ^u ?r\gh a ,prism1 appe> col\r$4 ,= ! dif=m ,rays1 by _! unequal ,refractions1 are made to div]ge t[>ds sev]al p>ts ( ! ,ret9a1 & !re express ! ,images ( ?+s col\r$1 z 9 ! =m] case !y did ! ,sun's ,image ^u a ,wall4 ,& by ?is inequality ( ,refractions1 !y become n only col\r$1 b also v confus$ & indi/9ct4 #aj4 ,:y ! ,col\rs ( ! ,ra9b[ appe> 9 fall+ drops ( ,ra91 is also f h5ce evid5t4 ,= ^? drops1 :i* refract ! ,rays1 dispos$ to appe> ,purple1 9 greate/ quantity to ! ,spectator's ,eye1 refract ! ,rays ( o!r sorts s mu* less1 z to make !m pass beside x2 & su* are ! drops on ! inside ( ! ,prim>y ,b[1 & on ! outside ( ! ,second>y or ,ext]i\r "o4 ,s ^? drops1 :i* refract 9 greate/ pl5ty ! ,rays1 apt to appe> r$1 t[>d ! ,spectator's ,eye1 refract ^? ( o!r sorts s mu* m1 z to make !m pass beside x2 & su* are ! drops on ! ,ext]i\r "p ( ! ,prim>y1 & ,int]i\r "p ( ! ,second>y ,b[4 #aa4 ,! odd ,phnom5a ( an infusion ( ,lignum ,nephriticum1 ,leaf-gold1 ,fragm5ts ( col\r'd ,glass1 & "s o!r transp>5tly col\r$ ,bodies1 appe>+ 9 "o ,position ( "o ,col\r1 & ( ano!r 9 ano!r1 are on ^! gr\nds no long] ,riddles4 ,= ^? are ,sub/ances apt to reflect "o sort ( ,light1 & transmit ano!r2 z may be se5 9 a d>k ,room1 by illum9at+ !m ) simil> or uncomp\nd$ ,light4 ,= !n !y appe> ( t ,col\r only1 ) :i* !y are illum9at$2 b yet 9 "o ,position m vivid & lum9\s ?an 9 ano!r1 accord+ly z !y are dispos$ m or less to reflect or transmit ! incid5t ,col\r4 #ab4 ,f h5ce also is manife/ ! reason ( an unexpect$ ,exp]im5t1 :i* ,mr4 ,hook1 some:]e 9 8 ,micrography1 relates to h made ) two w$ge-l transp>5t ,vessels fill'd1 ! "o ) a r$1 ! o!r ) a blue ,liquor2 namely1 t ?\gh !y 7 sev]ally transp>5t en\gh1 yet bo? toge!r became opake3 ,=1 if "o transmitt$ only r$1 & ! o!r only blue1 no ,rays c\ld pass ?r\gh bo?4 #ac4 ,i might add m ,in/ances ( ?is ,nature2 b ,i %all conclude ) ?is g5]al "o1 t ! ,col\rs ( all natural ,bodies h no o!r ,orig9 ?an ?is1 t !y are v>i\sly qualifi$ to reflect "o sort ( ,light 9 great] pl5ty ?an ano!r4 ,& ?is ,i h exp]im5t$ 9 a d>k ,room1 by illum9at+ ^? ,bodies ) uncomp\nd$ ,light ( div]s ,col\rs4 ,= by t means any body may be made to appe> ( any ,col\r4 ,!y h !re no appropriate ,col\r1 b ev] appe> ( ! ,col\r ( ! ,light ca/ ^u !m2 b yet ) ?is diff]5ce1 t !y are mo/ brisk & vivid 9 ! ,light ( _! own day-light-col\r4 ,m9ium appe>e? !re ( any ,col\r indiff]5tly1 ) :i* 'tis illu/rat$1 b yet mo/ lum9\s 9 r$2 & s ,bise appe>e? indiff]5tly ( any ,col\r ) :i* 'tis illu/rat$1 b yet mo/ lum9\s 9 blue4 ,& !re=e ,m9ium reflecte? ,rays ( any ,col\r1 b mo/ copi\sly ^? endu'd ) r$1 & consequ5tly :5 illu/rat$ ) day-light1 t is1 ) all sorts ( ,rays promiscu\sly bl5d$1 ^? qualifi$ ) r$1 %all ab\nd mo/ 9 ! reflect$ ,light1 & by _! preval5ce cause x to appe> ( t ,col\r4 ,& = ! same reason ,bise1 reflect+ blue mo/ copi\sly1 %all appe> blue by ! excess ( ^? ,rays 9 its reflect$ ,light2 & ! l ( o!r ,bodies4 ,& t ?is is ! intire & adequate cause ( _! ,col\rs1 is manife/1 because !y h no p[] to *ange or alt] ! ,col\rs ( any sort ( ,rays incid5t ap>t1 b put on all ,col\rs indiff]5tly1 ) :i* !y are enlightn$4 ,^! ?+s be+ s1 x c be no long] disput$1 :e!r !re be ,col\rs 9 ! d>k1 nor :e!r !y be ! ,qualities ( ! ,objects we see1 no nor p]haps1 :e!r ,light be a ,body4 ,=1 s9ce ,col\rs are ! ,qualities ( ,light1 hav+ its ,rays = _! intire & imm$iate ,subject1 h[ c we ?9k ^? ,rays ,qualities also1 unless "o ,quality may be ! ,subject ( & su/a9 ano!r2 :i* 9 effect is to call x ,sub/ance8 ,we %\ld n "k ,bodies = ,sub/ances1 7 x n = _! s5sible ,qualities2 & ! pr9cipal ( ^? be+ n[ f\nd due to some?+ else1 we h z good reason to believe t to be a ,sub/ance also4 ,besides1 :oev] ?\ght any ,quality to be a het]og5e\s ,aggregate1 su* z ,light is discov]$ to be8 ,b to det]m9e m absolutely1 :at ,light is1 aft] :at mann] refract$1 & by :at ,modes or ,actions x produce? 9 our ,m9ds ! ,phantasms ( ,col\rs1 is n s easie4 ,& ,i %all n m+le ,conjectures ) ,c]ta9ties4 ,review+ :at ,i h writt51 ,i see ! ,disc\rse x self w lead to div]s ,exp]im5ts suffici5t = its ,exam9ation2 & !re=e ,i %all n tr\ble y f>!r1 ?an to describe "o ( ^?1 :i* ,i h already ins9uat$4 ,9 a d>kn$ ,room1 make a hole 9 ! %ut ( a ,w9d[1 ^: ,diamet] may conv5i5tly be ab\t a ?ird "p ( an ,in*1 to admit a conv5i5t quantity ( ! ,sun's ,light4 ,& !re place a cle> & col\rless ,prism1 to refract ! entr+ ,light t[>ds ! f>!r "p ( ! ,room2 :i*1 z ,i said1 w !reby be diffus$ into an oblong col\r$ ,image4 ,!n place a ,l5s ( ab\t ?ree ,foot ,radius 7suppose a broad ,object-glass ( a ?ree ,foot ,telescope17 at ! di/ance ( ab\t f\r or five ,foot f !nce1 ?r\gh :i* all ^? ,col\rs may at once be transmitt$1 & made by its ,refraction to conv5e at a f>!r di/ance ( ab\t t5 or twelve ,feet4 ,if at t di/ance y int]cept ?is ,light ) a ,%eet ( :ite ,pap]1 y w see ! ,col\rs conv]t$ into :it5ess aga9 by be+ m+l$4 ,b x is requisite1 t ! ,prism & ,l5s be plac$ /eady1 & t ! ,pap]1 on :i* ! ,col\rs are ca/1 be mov$ to & fro2 =1 by su* motion1 y w n only f9d at :at di/ance ! :it5ess is mo/ p]fect1 b also see h[ ! ,col\rs gradually conv5e1 & vani% into :it5ess2 & aft]w>ds1 hav+ cross$ "o ano!r 9 t place :]e !y comp\nd :it5ess1 are aga9 dissipat$ & sev]$1 & 9 an inv]t$ ord] reta9 ! same ,col\rs1 :i* !y _h be=e !y entr$ ! ,composition4 ,y may also see1 t1 if any ( ! ,col\rs at ! ,l5s be int]cept$1 ! :it5ess w be *ang$ into ! o!r ,col\rs4 ,& !re=e1 t ! ,composition ( :it5ess be p]fect1 c>e mu/ be tak5 t none ( ! ,col\rs fall besides ! ,l5s4 ,9 ! annex$ ,design1 ,tab4 #c4 ,fig4 #b4 ( ?is ,exp]im5t1 ,,abc expresse? ! ,prism set end-wise to sight1 close by ! hole ,f ( ! ,w9d[ ,,eg4 ,its v]tical ,angle ,,abc may conv5i5tly be ab\t #fj ,degrees3 ,,mn designe? ! ,l5s4 ,its bread? #b or #c ,in*es4 ,,sf "o ( ! /reight ,l9es1 9 :i* dif=m ,rays may be conceiv$ to fl[ successively f ! ,sun4 ,,fp1 & ,,fr two ( ^? ,rays unequally refract$1 :i* ! ,l5s makes to conv]ge t[>ds ,q1 & aft] decussation to div]ge aga94 ,& ,,hi ! ,pap]1 at div]s di/ances1 on :i* ! ,col\rs are project$1 :i* 9 ,q con/itute ,:it5ess1 b are ,r$ & ,yell[ 9 ,r1 r1 & 1 & ,blue & ,purple 9 ,p1 p1 & 4 ,if y proce$ fur!r to try ! impossibility ( *ang+ any uncomp\nd$ ,col\r 7:i* ,i h ass]t$ 9 ! ?ird & ?irte5? ,propositions17 'tis requisite t ! ,room may be v d>k1 le/ any scatt]+ light1 mix+ ) ! ,col\r1 di/urb & allay x1 & r5d] x comp\nd1 contr>y to ! design ( ! ,exp]im5t4 ',tis also requisite1 t !re be a p]fect] sep>ation ( ! ,col\rs1 ?an1 aft] ! mann] above describ$1 c be made by ! ,refraction ( "o s+le ,prism2 & h[ to make su* f>!r sep>ations1 w sc>ce be difficult to !m1 t consid] ! discov]$ ,laws ( ,refractions4 ,b if trial %all be made ) ,col\rs n ?r\ghly sep>at$1 !re mu/ be all[$ *anges proportionable to ! mixture4 ,?us if comp\nd ,yell[ ,light fall ^u blue ,bise1 ! ,bise w n appe> p]fectly yell[1 b r gre51 because !re are 9 ! yell[ mixture _m ,rays indu$ ) gre51 & gre5 be+ less remote f ! usual blue ,col\r ( ,bise ?an yell[1 is ! m copi\sly reflect$ by x4 ,9 l mann]1 if any "o ( ! ,prismatick ,col\rs1 suppose r$1 be int]cept$1 on design to try ! ass]t$ impossibility ( reproduc+ t ,col\r out ( ! o!rs :i* are pret]mitt$2 'tis necess>y1 ei!r t ! ,col\rs be v well p>t$ be=e ! r$ be int]cept$2 or t1 toge!r ) ! r$1 ! neighb\r+ ,col\rs1 into :i* any r$ is secretly disp]s$1 7t is1 ! yell[1 & p]haps gre5 too7 be int]cept$2 or else1 t all[ance be made = ! em]g+ ( s mu* r$ out ( ! yell[ gre51 z may possibly h be5 diffus$1 & scatt]+ly bl5d$ 9 ^? ,col\rs4 ,& if ^! ?+s be obs]v$1 ! new ,production ( r$1 or any int]cept$ ,col\r1 w be f\nd impossible4 ,?is1 ,i conceive1 is en\gh = an ,introduction to ,exp]im5ts ( ?is k9d2 :i* if any ( ! ,royal ,society %all be s curi\s z to prosecute1 ,i %\ld be v glad to be in=m$ ) :at success3 ,t1 if any ?+ seem to be defective1 or to ?w>t ?is ,relation1 ,i may h an opportunity ( giv+ f>!r ,direction ab\t x1 or ( ackn[l$g+ my ,errors1 if ,i h committ$ any4 ,s9ce ! ,publication ( ?is ,!ory1 "s ,misund]/&+s happ5+ betwe5 a ,fr5* ,philosoph] at ,p>is & ,mr4 ,newton1 he has endeav\r'd to expla9 himself a little fur!r 9 ^! ,?+s1 accord+ to ! foll[+ ,me?od4 ,,def9itions4 #a4 ,i call t ,light ,homog5eal1 ,simil>1 or ,uni=m1 ^: ,rays are equally refrangible4 #b4 ,& t ,het]og5eal1 ^: ,rays are unequally refrangible4 ,note1 ,!re are b ?ree ,affections ( ,light 9 :i* ,i h obs]v'd its ,rays to diff]2 viz4 ,refrangibility1 ,reflexibility1 & ,col\r2 & ^? ,rays :i* agree 9 ,refrangibility1 agree also 9 ! o!r two1 & !re=e may well be def9$ ,homog5eal2 especially s9ce ,m5 usually call ^? ?+s ,homog5eal1 :i* are s 9 all ,qualities t come "u _! ,k1 ?o' 9 o!r ,qualities1 t _! ,k ext5ds n to1 !re may possibly be "s ,het]og5eity4 #c4 ,^? ,col\rs ,i call ,simple or ,homog5eal1 :i* are exhibit$ by ,homog5eal ,light4 #d4 ,& ^? ,comp\nd or ,het]og5eal1 :i* are exhibit$ by ,het]og5eal ,light4 #e4 ,diff]5t ,col\rs1 ,i call1 n only ! m em95t ,species1 ,r$1 ,yell[1 ,gre51 ,blue1 ,purple1 b all o!r ! m9ute/ ,gradations2 mu* aft] ! same mann]1 t n only ! m em95t ,degrees 9 ,musick1 b all ! lead ,gradations1 are e/eem'd diff]5t ,s\nds4 ,,propositions4 #a4 ,! ,sun's ,light consi/s ( ,rays diff]+ by indef9ite ,degrees ( ,refrangibility4 #b4 ,rays :i* diff] 9 ,refrangibility1 :5 p>t$ f "o ano!r1 d proportionally diff] 9 ! ,col\rs :i* !y exhibit4 ,^! ,two ,propositions are ,matt] ( ,fact4 #c4 ,!re are z _m ,simple or ,homog5eal ,col\rs1 z ,degrees ( ,refrangibility4 ,= to e ,degree ( ,refrangibility belongs a diff]5t ,col\r1 by ,prop4 #b4 & t ,col\r is ,simple1 by ,def4 #a1 & #c4 #d4 ,:it5ess1 9 all respects l t ( ! ,sun's imm$iate ,light1 & ( all ! usual ,objects ( our ,s5ses1 _c be comp\nd$ ( two ,simple ,col\rs alone4 ,= su* a ,composition mu/ be made by ,rays t h only two ,degrees ( ,refrangibility1 by ,def4 #a & #c4 & !re=e x _c be l t ( ! ,sun's ,light4 by ,prop4 #a4 nor1 = ! same ,reason1 l t ( ord9>y :ite ,objects4 #e4 ,:it5ess1 9 all respects1 l t ( ! ,sun's imm$iate ,light1 _c be comp\nd$ ( ,simple ,col\rs )\t an indef9ite ,v>iety ( !m4 ,= to su* a ,composition1 !re are requisite ,rays endu'd ) all ! indef9ite ,degrees ( ,refrangibility1 by ,prop4 #a4 ,& ^? inf] z _m ,simple ,col\rs1 by ,def4 #a & #c4 & ,prop4 #b & #c4 ,to make ^! a little pla9]1 ,i h add$ also ! ,propositions t foll[4 #f4 ,! ,rays ( ,light d n act on "o ano!r1 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! same ,m$ium4 #g4 ,! ,rays ( ,light suff] n any *ange ( _! ,qualities f ,refraction4 #h4 ,nor aft]w>ds f ! adjac5t quiet ,m$ium3 ,^! two ,propositions are manife/ de ,facto 9 ,homog5eal ,light1 ^: ,col\r & ,refrangibility is n at all *angeable1 ei!r by ,refraction1 or by ! ,cont]m9ation ( a quiet ,m$ium4 ,& z = ,het]og5eal ,light1 x is b an ,aggregate ( sev]al sorts ( ,homog5eal ,light1 no "o sort ( :i* suff]s any m alt]ation ?an if x 7 alone2 because ! ,rays act n on "o ano!r1 by ,prop4 #f4 & !re=e ! ,aggregate c suff] none4 ,^! two ,propositions also might be fur!r prov$ ap>t1 by ,exp]im5ts too long to be "h describ$4 #i4 ,!re c no ,homog5eal ,col\rs be r$uc$ out ( ,light by ,refraction1 :i* 7 n commixt 9 x be=e4 ,because by ,prop4 #g4 & #h4 ,refraction *ange? n ! ,qualities ( ! ,rays1 b only sep>ates ^? :i* h div]s ,qualities1 by means ( _! diff]5t ,refrangibility4 #aj4 ,! ,sun's ,light is an ,aggregate ( an indef9ite v>iety ( ,homog5eal ,col\rs1 by ,prop4 #a1 #c1 & #i4 ,& h5ce x is1 t ,i call ,homog5eal ,col\rs also ,primitive or ,orig9al4 ,& ?us mu* conc]n+ ,col\rs4 ,= a fur!r ,illu/ration ( ?is ,doctr9e1 ,mr4 ,newton1 9 8 ,book ( ,opticks lately publi%$1 has by und5iable ,exp]im5ts expla9$ mo/ ( ! ,pr9cipal ,phnom5a ( ,light & ,col\rs3 ,to :i* we ref] ! ,read]4 ,a ,demon/ration conc]n+ ! ,motion ( ,light1 communicat$ f ,p>is4 ,philosoph]s h be5 lab\r+ = _m ,ye>s to decide by "s ,exp]im5t1 :e!r ! ,action ( ,light be convey$ 9 an in/ant to di/ant ,places1 or :e!r x require? "t4 ,m4 ,rom]1 ( ! ,royal ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 ha? devis$ a way tak5 f ! ,obs]vations ( ! fir/ ,satellit ( ,jupit]1 by :i* he demon/rates1 t = ! di/ance ( ab\t #cjjj ,leagues1 su* z is v ne> ! bigness ( ! ,diamet] ( ! ,e>?1 ,light ne$s n "o ,second ( ,"t4 ,let 79 ,fig4 #c4 ,plate #c47 ,a be ! ,sun1 ,b ,jupit]1 ,c ! fir/ ,satellit ( ,jupit]1 :i* ent]s into ! %ad[ ( ,jupit]1 to come out at ,d1 & let ,,efghkl be ! ,e>?1 plac$ at div]s di/ances f ,jupit]4 ,n[ suppose ! ,e>?1 be+ 9 ,l1 t[>ds ! second ,quadrature ( ,jupit]1 ha? se5 ! fir/ ,satellit1 at ! "t ( its em]sion1 or issu+ out ( ! %ad[ at ,d1 & t ab\t #db ,h\rs aft] 7viz4 aft] "o ,revolution ( ?is ,satellit7 ! ,e>? be+ 9 ,k1 d see x return'd 9 ,d3 ,x is manife/1 t if ! ,light require "t to trav]se ! ,int]val ,,lk1 ! ,satellit w be se5 return'd lat] 9 ,d1 ?an x w\ld h be5 if ! ,e>? _h rema9$ 9 ,l4 ,s t ! ,revolution ( ! ,satellit be+ ?us obs]v'd by ! ,em]sions1 w be ret>d$ by s mu* "t1 z ! ,light %all h tak5 9 pass+ f ,l to ,k2 & t on ! contr>y1 9 ! o!r ,quadrature ,,fg1 :]e ! ,e>? by approa*+ goes to meet ! ,light1 ! ,revolutions ( ! ,em]sions w appe> to be %ortn$1 by s mu* z ^? ( ! ,em]sions _h appe>'d to be l5g?n$4 ,& because #db ,h\rs1 :i* ?is ,satellit v ne> takes to make "o ,revolution1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! ,e>? & ,jupit]1 9 bo? ! ,quadratures1 v>ies at lea/ #baj ,diamet]s ( ! ,e>?3 ,x foll[s1 t if = ! ,acc\nt ( e ,diamet] ( ! ,e>? !re 7 requir$ a ,second ( ,"t1 ! ,light w\ld take #c ,m9utes = ea* ( ! ,int]vals ,,gf1 ,,kl2 :i* w\ld cause ne> half a qu>t] ( an ,h\r betwe5 two ,revolutions ( ! fir/ ,satellit1 "o obs]v'd 9 ,,fg1 & ! o!r 9 ,,kl1 :]eas !re is n obs]v$ any s5sible diff]5ce4 ,yet do? x n foll[ h5ce1 t ,light dem&s no "t4 ,= aft] ,m4 ,rom] _h exam9'd ! ?+ m ne>ly1 he f\nd t :at 0 n s5sible 9 two ,revolutions1 became v consid]able 9 _m be+ tak5 toge!r2 & t1 = ,example1 =ty ,revolutions obs]v$ on ! side ,f1 might be s5sibly %ort]1 ?an =ty o!rs obs]v'd 9 any place ( ! ,zodiack :]e ,jupit] may be met )2 & t 9 proportion ( ,tw5ty two = ! :ole ,int]val ( ,,he1 :i* is ! d\ble ( ! ,int]val t is f h5ce to ! ,sun4 ,! necessity ( ?is new ,equation ( ! ,ret>dm5t ( ,light1 is e/abli%'d by all ! ,obs]vations t h be5 made 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 & 9 ! ,obs]vatory1 = ! space ( eight ,ye>s2 & x ha? be5 lately confirm$ by ! ,em]sion ( ! fir/ ,satellit obs]v'd at ,p>is1 ! #i? ( ,novemb] la/1 at #e a-clock #ce' #de at ,night1 #aj ,m9utes lat] ?an x 0 to be expect$1 by d$uct+ x f ^? t _h be5 obs]v'd 9 ! ,mon? ( ,augu/1 :5 ! ,e>? 0 mu* ne>] to ,jupit]2 :i* ,m4 ,rom] _h pr$ict$ to ! said ,academy f ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,b to remove all d\bt1 t ?is ,inequality is caus$ by ! ,ret>dm5t ( ! ,light1 he demon/rates1 t x _c come f any ,exc5tricity1 or o!r ,cause ( ^? t are commonly all$g$ to explicate ! ,irregul>ities ( ! ,moon1 & ! o!r ,planets2 ?\gh he be well aw>e1 t ! fir/ ,satellit ( ,jupit] 0 ,exc5trick2 & t1 besides 8 ,revolutions 7 advanc$ or ret>d$1 accord+ z ,jupit] did approa* to or rec$e f ! ,sun2 z also1 t ! ,revolutions ( ! ,primum ,mobile 7 unequal3 ,yet1 sai? he1 ^! ?ree la/ ,causes ( ,inequality d n h9d] ! fir/ f be+ manife/4 ,an introductory ,essay to ! ,doctr9e ( ,s\nds1 conta9+ "s ,proposals = ! improvem5t ( ,ac\/icks2 ,z x 0 pres5t$ to ! ,dubl9 ,society1 ,nov4 #ab4 #afhc1 by ! ,"r ,rev]5d ,fa!r 9 ,god ,n>cissus ,"l ,bi%op ( ,f]ns & ,leighl94 ,be+ to treat ( ! ,doctr9e ( ,s\nds1 ,i hold x conv5i5t to premise some?+ 9 ! g5]al1 conc]n+ ?is ,!ory2 :i* may s]ve at once to +age y\r ,att5tion1 & excuse my ,pa9s1 :5 ,i %all h recomm5d$ !m1 z be/['d on a ,subject n altoge!r useless & unfruitful4 ,& = ?is purpose ,i %all omit to speak any ?+ ( ! ,excell5cy ( ! ,matt] 9 ,h&2 ?\gh x might be celebrat$ by ,argum5ts drawn f sev]al ,topicks1 & p>ticul>ly f ?is1 t new ,discov]ies & ,improvem5ts may be made1 bo? z to ! ,g5]ation1 ,propagation & ,reception ( ,s\nds into ! ,s5se2 :i*1 9 a peculi> mann] agrees to ?is1 above ! ,object ( any o!r ,s5se :atsoev]4 ,i %all1 ,i say1 omit ^! ?+s1 & apply my self :olly to ! ,usefulness ( ! ,!ory1 t we are n[ fall+ ^u1 :i* ,i ?9k _c bett] be discov]$1 ?an by mak+ a comp>ison 'twixt ! ,s5ses ( ,see+ & ,he>+1 z to _! ,improvem5ts4 ,i mean1 by %ew+1 t ?is latt] ( ,he>+ is capable ( all ^? improvem5ts :i* ! ,s5se ( ,see+ has receiv'd f ,art1 besides _m m advantages t ! ,e> may enjoy1 by ! help ( our ,doctr9e1 above ! ,eye2 all :i* moreov] w be ( z great b5efit to ,mank9d1 z any ?+ t ,opticks h yet discov]'d1 if n ( great]2 :i*1 ) "s o!r pre-em95cies t x has ^u ano!r ,score1 w happily r5d] ,ac\/icks ! nobl] ,sci5ce ( ! two4 ,9 ord] to ! mak+ good :at ,i b n[ premis$ ( ! ,comp>ison ( ^! two ,faculties ( ,see+ & ,he>+1 z to _! ,improvem5ts1 ,i obs]ve2 ,t ,vision is ?reefold1 ,direct1 ,refract$1 & ,reflex'd2 answ]able :]eunto we h ,opticks1 ,dioptricks1 & ,catoptricks4 ,9 l mann] ,he>+ may be divid$ into ,direct1 ,refract$ & ,reflex'd2 :]eto answ] ?ree p>ts ( our ,doctr9e ( ,ac\/icks1 :i* are yet nameless1 unless we call !m ,ac\/icks1 ,diac\/icks1 & ,catac\/icks1 or 79 ano!r ,s5se1 b to z good ,purpose7 ,phonicks1 ,diaphonicks1 & ,cataphonicks4 ,i4 ,direct ,vision has be5 improv'd two ways1 ex p>te ,objecti1 & ex p>te ,organi vel ,m$ii4 #a4 ,ex p>te ,objecti1 ,direct ,vision has receiv'd advantages by ! ,arts ( ,produc+1 ,cons]v+ & ,imitat+ ,light & ,col\rs1 :i* are ! ,objects ( ,vision4 #a4 ,= ! ,art ( ,produc+ ,light1 we h ! ,frication ( all h>d ,bodies t beget ,fire2 especially ( ! ,fl9t & ,/eel2 & in/ead ( ! ,fl9t1 mo/ h>d ,/ones 7z well z ! ,cane7 may be u'd to ! same effect1 z ^u trial ,i h f\nd4 ,add h]eto ! lately inv5t$ ,phosphorus1 :i* is a new & admirable way ( produc+ a ,lucid ,sub/ance by ,art1 out ( a ,body 9 itself n ,lucid2 & !re=e may n unfitly be t]m'd an ,artificial production ( ,light4 ,& !n ( ! ,art ( ,cons]v+ ,light1 ! ,lapis ,bononi5sis is a notable ,in/ance2 & s happily 7 ! ,sepul*ral ,lamps ( ! ,anci5ts4 #b4 ,z to ,col\rs1 'tis ! greate/ "p ( ! ,art ( ,dy+ to be able to make & fix 7t is pres]ve7 !m2 & ! ,pa9t]s & ,limn]s w own x to be no small "p ( _! ,skill to be able well to ,mix 7t is1 9 effect1 to ,g5]ate7 ,col\rs4 #c4 ,= ,imitation ( ,light & ,col\rs1 'tis well kn[n h[ f> ,p]spective ) ! ,art ( ,limn+ & ,%ad[+ h gone !re91 :i* all t5d "s way to ! ,advance or ,improvem5t ( ,direct ,vision4 ,add to all ^!1 ,t a due ,application ( ,light to ! ,object r5d]s x ,visible1 if x 7 n s be=e2 z appe>s f a d>k ,room illum9at$2 or else makes x bett] & m truly disc]nable by ! ,s5se ( ,see+1 if be=e x might h be5 disc]n'd4 ,h5ce ! same ,col\r1 9 a div]se ,light1 w appe> diff]5t1 & no ,picture c well be disc]n'd or judg'd ( b by its true ,light4 ,besides1 ! ,limn] w assure y1 t he c h>dly make true ,"w1 or hit ! ,air ( a ,face exactly1 unless he draw by a ,nor?-,light1 by reason ( ! /ead9ess ( t1 & ! unc]ta9ty ( all o!r ,lights :atsoev]4 ,:i* ?+s %ew1 t ! ,art ( duly apply+ ,light to ! ,object does v mu* help & improve ,vision4 ,s also does ! due plac+ ( ! ,object1 z to ,height & ,di/ance4 ,b to enum]ate all ?+s t help ,direct ,vision1 w\ld be inf9ite4 #b4 ,ex p>te ,organi vel ,m$ii1 ,direct ,vision has be5 improv'd by mak+ use ( a ,tube1 )\t ,glasses1 or a ,man's clos'd ,h&1 to look ?ro'2 :i* admitt+ into ! ,eye only ! pr9cipal ,rays1 t come directly f ! ,object1 d v mu* /r5g!n & cle> ! ,sight1 by exclud+ all ! ,collat]al ,rays1 t cr\d+ into ! ,eye1 toge!r ) ! direct ones1 w\ld conf\nd & di/urb x1 p>tly by mix+ & int]f]+ ) ! direct ,rays1 & p>tly 7or r *iefly7 by too mu* enlightn+ ! fund ( ! ,eye1 :]e9 ,vision is truly 7?o' !n imp]fectly7 made4 ,on ?is is f\nd$ ! ,art ( mak+ ,spectacles )\t ,glasses2 7z well z ,tubes7 :i* is done by putt+ into ! ,glass-holes 7in/ead ( ,glasses7 two %ort ,tubes ( betwe5 ?ree & f\r ,in*es long 7= _! l5g? is to be v>y'd accord+ to ! ,age or ,eye ( ! ,behold]1 & s also is ! ,diamet] ( ! extream ends7 :i* ,tubes be+ made ( ,spani% ,lea!r 7or ,pa/-bo>d1 or "s su* l ,matt]7 & black'd on ! inside1 are s to be plac$1 z t ! visual ,rays1 receiv'd ?ro' !m1 may meet 9 "o po9t 7or r issue out f "o ,po9t7 ( ! ,object /&+ at su* a due di/ance1 z ! ,p]son may cle>ly & di/9ctly see x1 or accord+ to 8 l5g? ( ,sight 7z ,,abc1 9 ! #d? ,fig4 ,tab4 #c47 ,& ^! ,spectacles may be suppos'd bett] = pres]v+ ! ,sight1 ?an ! ord9>y ones ) ,glasses1 because !y repres5t ! ,object m naturally1 & )al m cle>ly & di/9ctly to ! ,eye1 ?an ! o!r1 ^: refract$ ,rays be+ collect$ toge!r ) ! "r ones 9 ! ,glasses1 d some:at conf\nd good ,vision1 z be=e3 ,especially if ! visive ,p[] be /rong en\gh to be suffici5tly det]m9'd by ! "r ,rays alone4 ,= ,i speak n[ ( pres]v+ a good ,eye by ^! ,spectacles1 :i* holds 9 proportion true also ( a bad "o4 ,because ^? ,rays 7bo? "r & refract$7 be+ collect$ & br\ght s ne> ! ,eye 7:e!r good or bad7 z ! ,spectacles are usually plac'd1 d too mu* affect x1 bo? by _! own brightness1 & also by ! brightness ( ! ,col\rs ( ! ,object 7:5 !y are bright7 :i* is br\ght v ne> also2 :]eby ! ,eye is dazl'd & conf\nd$1 unless !re be a /rong att5tion & conatus ( ! ,spirits1 :]eto ! bright ,rays d c]ta9ly engage !m1 :i* ( necessity weak5s ,vision1 especially if ^! ,glass-spectacles be mu* u'd4 ,:]e=e ! n[ describ'd new ,tube-spectacles1 contribut+ s mu* to ! help & pres]vation ( ,sight1 may well be c\nt$ an improvem5t ( ,direct ,vision1 because !y convey ! ,rays to ! ,eye )\t any k9d ( ,refraction :atsoev]4 ,see+ ! same ,object also ?r\gh v>i\s holes1 plac'd at c]ta9 di/ances1 does some:at alt] ,vision2 b ( ?is p]haps m h]eaft]4 ,n[ z ,direct ,vision has ?us be5 improv$1 s likewise ,direct ,he>+ p>tly has already receiv'd1 & p>tly may by ! ,doctr9e :]e( we are treat+1 7if well cultivat$7 f>!r receive z great & notable ,improvem5ts1 bo? ex p>te ,objecti1 & ex p>te ,organi vel ,m$ii4 #a4 ,z to ! ,object ( ,he>+1 :i* is ,s\nd1 improvem5t has be5 & may be made1 bo? z to ! ,begett+1 & z to ! ,convey+ & ,propagat+ 7:i* is a k9d ( ,cons]v+7 ( ,s\nds4 #a4 ,z to ! ,begett+ ( ,s\nds4 ,! ,art ( imitat+ any ,s\nd1 :e!r by ,speak+ 7t is pron\nc+7 any k9d ( ,language1 7:i* really is an ,art1 & ! ,art ( ,speak+1 p]haps "o ( ! greate/7 or by ,:i/l+1 or by ,s++ 7:i* are all['d ,arts7 or by ,holl[+ or ,lur+ 7:i* ! ,huntsman or ,faulkn] w\ld h to be an ,art also7 or by imitat+ ) ! ,m\? 7or o!rwise7 ! ,voice ( any ,animal1 z ( ,quails1 ,cats1 & ! l2 or by repres5t+ any ,s\nd begott5 by ! ,collision ( ,solid ,bodies1 or aft] any o!r mann]2 ^! are all ,improvem5ts ( ,direct ,he>+1 & may be improv'd4 ,moreov] ! ,skill to make all sorts ( ,musical ,in/rum5ts1 bo? ,anci5t & ,mod]n1 :e!r ,w9d ,in/rum5ts or ,/r+'d1 or ( any o!r sort1 :]e( !re are v _m 7z ,drums1 ,bells1 ! ,sy/rum ( ! ,egyptians1 & ! l7 t beget 7& n only propagate7 ,s\nds2 ! ,skill ( mak+ ^!1 ,i say1 is an ,art1 t has z mu* improv'd ,direct ,he>+1 z an ,h>moni\s ,s\nd exce$s a s+le & rude "o1 t is1 an immusical ,tone2 :i* ,art is yet capable ( f>!r improvem5t4 ,& ,i d hope1 t by ! ,rules1 :i* may happily be laid d[n conc]n+ ! ,nature1 ,propagation & ,proportion1 or ,adapt+ ( ,s\nds1 a way may be f\nd out1 bo? to improve ,musical ,in/rum5ts already 9 use1 & to inv5t new ones1 t %all be m sweet & lusci\s1 ?an any yet kn[n4 ,besides t1 by ! same means ,in/rum5ts may be made1 t %all imitate any ,s\nd 9 ,nature1 t is n ,articulate1 be x ( ,bird1 ,bea/1 or :at ?+ else soev]4 #b4 ,! ,convey+ & ,propagat+ 7:i* is a k9d ( ,cons]v+7 ( ,s\nds1 is mu* help'd by duly plac+ ! ,sonor\s ,body1 & also by ! ,m$ium4 ,= if ! ,m$ium be ,?9 & ,quiesc5t1 & ! ,s\nd+ ,body plac'd conv5i5tly1 ! ,s\nd w be easily & regul>ly propagat$1 & mightily cons]v'd4 ,i say1 #a4 ,if ! ,m$ium be ,?9 & ,quiesc5t1 because x o!rwise causes a ,refract$ ,s\nd1 ( :i* aft]w>ds4 ,h5ce 9 a /ill ,ev5+1 or ! dead ( ! ,night 7:5 ! ,w9d ceases7 a ,s\nd is bett] s5t out1 & to a great] di/ance ?an o!rwise1 ?o' mu* ( ?is may be ascrib'd to its ,refraction also4 #b4 ,i say1 t ! ,sonor\s ,body mu/ be plac'd conv5i5tly1 ne> a ,smoo? ,wall1 ne> ,wat]1 or a ,pla91 ^: ,surface is ev54 #a4 ,ne> a ,smoo? ,wall1 ei!r ,pla9 or ,ar*'d 7,cycloidically or ,elliptically1 r ?an o!rwise1 ?o' a ,circul> or any ,ar* w d1 b n s well47 ,h5ce 9 a ,*ur*1 ! ne>] ! ,prea*] /&s to ! ,wall 7& c]ta9ly 'tis mu* ! be/ way to place ,pulpits ne> ! ,wall7 ! bett] is he he>d1 especially by ^? :o /& ne> ! ,wall also1 ?\gh at a great] di/ance f ! ,pulpit2 ^? at ! remote/ end ( ! ,*ur*1 by lay+ _! ,e>s some:at close to ! ,wall1 may he> him easi] ?an ^? 9 ! middle4 ,h5ce also d arise ,:isp]+ ,places4 ,= ! ,voice be+ apply'd to "o end ( an ,ar*1 easily r[ls to ! o!r4 ,& inde$ 7 ! ,motion & ,propagation ( ,s\nds b rightly und]/ood1 'tw\ld be no h>d matt] to contrive ,:isp]+ ,places ( inf9ite v>iety & use4 ,& p]haps !re c\ld be no bett] or m pleasant he>+ a ,consort ( ,musick ?an at su* a place z ?is1 :]e ! ,s\nds r[l+ along toge!r1 be=e !y come to ! ,e>1 mu/ ne$s consolidate & imbody into "o2 :i* becomes a true composition ( ,s\nds1 & is ! v ,life & ,s\l ( ,consort4 #b4 ,if ! ,sonor\s ,body be plac'd ne> ,wat]1 ! ,s\nd w easily be convey'd1 yet mollifi$2 z ,exp]i5ce tea*e? u f a ,r+ ( ,bells ne> a ,riv]1 & a great ,gun %ot (f at ,sea1 :i* yet diff] mu* 9 ! /r5g?1 & s(tness & cont9uance1 or propagation ( _! ,s\nds1 f ! same at ,l&1 :]e ! ,s\nd is m h>% & m p]i%+1 or mu* soon] decays4 #c4 ,9 a ,pla9 a ,voice may be he>d at a f> great] di/ance ?an 9 unev5 ,gr\nd4 ,! ,reason ( all :i* la/ nam'd ,phnom5a is ! same2 because ! ,sonor\s ,air meet+ ) little or no resi/ance ^u a ,plane 7mu* less ^u an ,ar*'d7 smoo? ,sup]ficies1 easily r[ls along x1 )\t be+ let or h9d]'d 9 its ,motion1 & consequ5tly )\t hav+ its p>ts disfigur$1 & put into ano!r k9d ( ,revolution1 ?an :at !y _h at ! fir/ begett+ ( ! ,s\nd4 ,:i* is ! true cause ( its ,pres]vation or ,progression1 & fails mu* :5 ! ,air passes ov] an unev5 ,surface1 accord+ to ! degrees ( its inequality1 & some:at also1 :5 x passes ov] ! pla9 ,sup]ficies ( a ,body t is h>d & resi/+4 ,:]e=e ! smoo? ,top ( ! ,wat] 7by reason ( its yield+ to ! ,ar*'d ,air1 & g5tly aris+ aga9 ) a k9d ( ,resurge1 l to ,ela/icity1 ?o' x be n s1 by :i* ,resurge x quick5s & ha/5s ! motion ( ! ,air r[l+ ov] x1 & by its yield+ pres]ves x 9 its ,ar*'d ,cycloidical or ,elliptical ,figure7 ! smoo? ,top ( ! ,wat]1 ,i say1 = ^! ,reasons1 & by ^! ,means1 conveys a ,s\nd m entire1 & to a great] di/ance ?an ! pla9 ,surface ( a piece ( ,gr\nd1 a ,wall1 or any o!r ,solid ,body :atev]1 c d4 ,z = ! ,speak+ ,trumpet1 by :i* a ,voice may be convey'd to a consid]able di/ance1 ,i ref] its consid]ation to t ( ,refract$ ,s\nds1 or ,refract$ ,audition4 ,?us mu* ( ! ,improvem5ts ( ,he>+1 t respect its ,object1 :i* is ,s\nd4 #b4 ,! ,organ & ,m$ium are to be consid]'d4 ,&1 #a4 ,! ,organ1 :i* is ! ,e>1 is helpt mu* by plac+ x ne> a ,wall 7especially at "o end ( an ,ar*1 ! ,s\nd be+ begott5 at ! o!r7 or ne> ! ,surface ( ,wat]1 or ( ! ,e>?1 along :i* ! ,s\nds are mo/ easily & naturally convey'd1 z 0 be=e decl>'d4 ,& 'tis incr$ible h[ f> a ,s\nd made ^u ! ,e>? 7by ! trampl+ ( a ,troop ( ,horses1 = ,example7 may be he>d 9 a /ill ,night1 if a ,man lays 8 ,e> close to ! ,gr\nd 9 a l>ge ,pla94 ,otac\/icks "h come 9 = help+ ! ,e>2 :i* may be s contriv'd 7by a "r und]/&+ ! ,progression ( ,s\nds1 :i* is ! pr9cipal ?+ to be kn[n = ! due regulat+ all su* k9ds ( ,in/rum5ts7 z t ! ,s\nd might ent] ! ,e> )\t any ,refraction1 b z n[ !y are g5]ally made ,i ref] !m to ,refract$ ,audition4 #b4 ,z to ! ,m$ium1 ,i "k n h[ t1 by any contrivance ( ,art1 c advantage ,direct ,he>+1 o!rwise ?an ,i h decl>'d already 9 ! propagation or conveyance ( ,s\nds1 ?\gh to ! ,refract+ or ,reflect+ ( !m x may v mu* conduce2 ( :i* pres5tly4 ,& s ,i h done ) ! fir/ "p ( my pres5t und]tak+1 :i* is ! ,comp>ison ( ,direct ,vision & ,audition1 z to _! ,improvem5ts f ,art4 ,! re/ foll[4 ,:]e=e1 ,,ii4 ,conc]n+ ,refract$ ,vision & its ,comp>ison1 ,i obs]ve1 ,t ,refract$ ,vision is always made ,ex p>te ,m$ii1 z ,reflect$ is ex p>te ,objecti4 ,& !re=e1 ?\gh ,direct ,vision may be help'd ex p>te ,objecti1 ,m$ii vel ,organi1 yet ,refract$ c be improv'd only ex p>te ,m$ii1 & ,reflect$ ex p>te ,corporis oppositi alone4 ,unless x be 9 a mixt or comp\nd ,vision1 t is ,refracto-,reflext1 :5 ! reflext ,rays pass to ! ,eye ?r\gh a refract+ ,m$ium1 su* z ! ,m$ium ,int]num1 conta9'd 9 ! ,body ( ! ,eye1 always is4 ,s t 9 tru?1 all ,vision is ,refract$ by an int]nal ,refraction made 9 ipso ,oculo4 ,& all t ,i h spok5 ( ,vision holds true ( ,he>+ also1 bo? ,refract$ & ,reflext1 & !re=e ne$ n be repeat$4 ,refract$ ,vision arises f ! diff]5t ,d5sity1 ,figure1 & ,magnitude ( ! ,m$ium1 :i* is some:at alt]'d also by ! div]se incid5ce ( ! visible ,rays4 ,& s x is 9 ,refract$ ,he>+1 all ^! ,causes concur to its ,production1 & "s o!rs to be h]eaft] consid]'d4 ,n[ z any ,object 7a ,man = example7 se5 ?r\gh a ?ick5'd ,air1 by ,refraction appe>s great] ?an really he is3 ,s likewise a ,s\nd1 he>d ?r\gh ! same ?ick5'd "p ( ! ,atmosph]e1 w be consid]ably v>y'd f :at x w\ld seem to be1 if he>d ?r\gh a ?9n] ,m$ium4 ,& ?is ,i call a ,refract$ ,s\nd3 ,b :at ?is ,refraction ( ,s\nd is1 & h[ caus'd1 may h]eaft] be discuss'd1 :5 ! ,nature1 & ,motion1 or ,progression ( ,s\nds are well /at$4 ,= ! ,improvem5t ( ,refract$ ,vision artificial ,in/rum5ts h be5 made1 by gr9d+ or bl[+ ,glasses1 into a c]ta9 ,figure1 & plac+ !m at due di/ances1 :]eby ! ,object may be 7z 'tw]e7 enabl$ to s5d =? its ,rays m vigor\sly1 & ! ,visive ,faculty imp[]'d ! bett] to receive !m4 ,& ?us also ,in/rum5ts may be contriv'd = ! assi/+ bo? ! ,sonor\s ,body1 to s5d =? its ,s\nd m /rongly1 & ! ,ac\/ick ,faculty1 to receive & disc]n x m easily & cle>ly4 ,=1 #a4 ,z a f9e ,glass ,bubble1 fill'd ) cle> ,wat]1 & plac$ be=e a burn+ ,c&le or ,lamp1 does help x to d>t =? its ,rays to a prodigi\s ,l5g? & ,brightness3 ,s an ,in/rum5t may be inv5t$1 t apply'd to ! ,m\? 7or any ,sonor\s ,body7 %all s5d =? ! ,voice di/9ctly to z prodigi\s a ,di/ance & ,l\dness4 ,= if ! ,/5toro-phonecon 7:i* is b a rude & un>tificial ,in/rum5t7 does su* great feats1 :at might be done ) "o compos'd accord+ to ! ,rules ( ,art8 ^: make %\ld comply ) ! ,laws ( ,sonor\s ,motion 7:i* t does n7 & !re=e n s mu* ,refract1 z to alt] & conf\nd ! ,tone ( ! ,voice & ,words 7z t some:at does47 ,n[ ( :at use su* an ,in/rum5t might be = speak+ cle>ly & articulately at a di/ance 7& t )\t alt]+ ! ,tone ( ! ,voice7 :e!r x be at ,sea or at ,l& 7b especially at ,sea 9 tempe/u\s ,wea!r & 9 ! ,night7 is obvi\s to any ,man to conceive4 #b4 ,z ,in/rum5ts h be5 inv5t$ to help ! ,eye1 ,s likewise are !re "s1 & m su* !re may be1 = ! ,e>4 ,=1 #a4 ,z ,spectacles & o!r ,glasses are made to help ! ,purbl9d & weak ,eyes1 to see at any compet5t di/ance3 ,s !re are ,otac\/icks 7& bett] may be made7 to help weak ,e>s to he> at a reasonable di/ance also4 ,:i* w\ld be z great a help to ! infirmity ( ,old ,age1 z ! o!r inv5tion ( ,spectacles is1 & p]haps great]2 =asmu* z ! ,he>+ :at's spok5 is ( m daily use & conc]n to su* ,m51 !n to be able to read ,books or to view ,pictures4 #b4 ,z ,p]spective-,glasses & ,telescopes help ! ,eye to see ,objects at a v great di/ance1 :i* o!rwise w\ld n be disc]nable2 9 l mann] may a sort ( ,otac\/icks be s contriv'd1 z t !y %all receive 9 ,s\nds made at a v great di/ance also1 b ) s mu* advantage1 t ! ,e> %all be able to he> !m1 :i* o!rwise w\ld h be5 inaudible4 ,& ^! ,otac\/icks 9 "s respects w\ld be ( great] use ?an ,p]spectives4 ,= :]eas at ,l& ,p]spectives are _m times r5d]'d almo/ useless1 by ! int]position ( ,woods & ,m\nta9s1 :i* h9d] ! ,sight f rea*+ v f>3 ,our ,otac\/icks w\ld1 not)/&+ ^! ,ob/acles1 take 9 a ,s\nd made "s ,leagues (f4 ,:i* might be ( notable use 9 ! "t ( ,w>1 = discov]+ ! ,enemy at a good di/ance1 :5 he m>*es or lyes incamp'd beh9d a ,m\nta9 or ,wood1 or any su* place ( %elt]4 ,yea1 ev5 at ,sea also1 :]e ,p]spectives are ( mo/ use1 by reason ( ! pla9ess ( ! ,surface ( ! ,wat]2 yet sometimes !re ,otac\/icks may be ( m b5efit1 :5 9 d>k hazy ,wea!r ! ,air is too ?ick1 or 9 ,/ormy ,tempe/u\s ,wea!r ! ,waves arise too high = ! ,p]spective to be made use (4 ,b1 :e!r at ,sea or ,l&1 ,p]spectives become altoge!r insignificant 9 ! ,night-"t 7unless x be = view+ ! ,/>s7 :i* is ! *ief "t = us+ ,otac\/icks2 z x is g5]ally1 = ,soldi]s to take _! ,m>*1 :5 !y w\ld surprise _! ,enemies4 ,& !re=e ?is sort ( ,otac\/icks h !n _! *ief use1 :5 ,p]spectives are ( no use at all2 besides t !y may be imploy'd 9 ! ,day-"t1 z well z ,p]spectives1 :5ce !y may 7n unfitly7 be t]m'd ! mo/ useful ,in/rum5t ( ! two4 #c4 ,z ,microscopes or ,magnify+-,glasses help ! ,eye to see ne> ,objects1 t by reason ( _! smallness 7 ,invisible be=e2 :i* ,objects !y ,magnify to a /range greatness3 ,s ,microphones or ,micrac\/icks1 t is ,magnify+ ,e> ,in/rum5ts1 may be contriv'd aft] t mann]1 t !y %all r5d] ! mo/ m9ute ,s\nd 9 nature di/9ctly audible1 by ,magnify+ x to an unconceivable l\dness4 ,by ! help h]e( we may he> ! diff]5t ,cries & ,tones1 z well z by ,microscopes see ! div]s ,%apes & ,figures ( ! smalle/ ,animals4 #d4 ,z by ,polyscopes or ,multiply+-,glasses1 "o ?+ is repres5t$ to ! ,eye z _m1 :e!r 9 ! same or diff]5t ,%apes 7= s ,multiply+-,glasses may be contriv'd37 ,s by a ,polyphone or ,polyac\/ick well ord]'d1 "o ,s\nd may be he>d z _m1 ei!r ( ! same or a diff]5t ,note4 ,insomu*1 t :o uses ?is ,in/rum5t1 he %all1 at ! ,s\nd ( a s+le ,viol1 seem to he> a :ole ,consort & all true ,h>mony4 ,by :i* means ?is ,in/rum5t has mu* ! advantage ( ! ,polyscope4 ,& ?us mu* may suffice = comp>+ ! ,improvem5ts made ^u ,refract$ ,see+ & ,he>+2 ,i call x ,refract$ ,he>+1 because made ?r\gh a ,m$ium1 viz4 ?ick ,air1 or an ,in/rum5t1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,s\nd pass+ is brok5 or refract$4 ,,iii4 ,reflect$ ,vision has be5 improv'd by ! ,inv5tion ( ,look+-glasses & ,poli%$ ,metals1 :e!r ,plane1 ,concave1 or ,convex2 & ^! two la/1 ei!r ,sph]ical1 ,oval1 ,cyl9drical1 ,conical1 ,hyp]bolical1 or ( sev]al o!r %apes2 all :i* cause a diff]5t ,reflection1 & v>y ! ,phnom5a4 ,?us also ,reflext ,audition1 made by ,ec*oes1 may be improv'd1 by contriv+ sev]al sorts ( ,artificial ,ec*oes2 z 'tis no h>d matt] to d 9 almo/ any place4 ,= 7speak+ 9 ! g5]al7 ,any ,s\nd1 fall+ directly or obliquely ^u any d5se ,body1 ( a smoo? 7:e!r ,plane or ,ar*'d7 ,sup]ficies1 is beat back aga9 & reflect$1 or does ec*o m or less4 ,i say 7#a47 fall+ directly or obliquely2 because1 if ! ,s\nd be s5t out & propagat$ p>allel to ! ,surface ( ! ,d5se ,body1 or be made s f> (f & s weak1 t x _c rea* x1 !re w be no ,reflection ( ,s\nd1 no ,ec*o4 ,i say 7#b47 ^u a ,body ( a smoo? ,sup]ficies2 because if ! ,surface ( ! ,corpus ,ob/ans be unev51 ! ,air by rev]b]ation w be put out ( its regul> ,motion1 & ! ,s\nd !reby brok5 & ext+ui%'d3 ,s t ?o' 9 ?is case also ! ,air be beat5 back aga91 yet ,s\nd is n reflect$1 nor is !re any ,ec*o4 ,i say 7#c47 x does ec*o m or less1 to %ew1 t :5 all ?+s are1 z is be=e describ'd1 !re is /ill an ,ec*o+1 ?\gh x be n always he>d2 ei!r because ! direct ,s\nd is too weak to be beat5 q back aga9 to him t made x2 or t x does return home to him1 b s weak1 t )\t ! help ( a good ,otac\/ick1 x _c be disc]n'd2 or t he /&s 9 a wrong place1 to receive ! reflect$ ,s\nd1 :i* passes ov] 8 head1 "u 8 ,feet1 or to "o side ( him2 :i* !re=e may be he>d by a ,man /&+ 9 t place1 :]e ! reflect$ ,s\nd w come1 provid$ no int]pos'd ,body does int]cept x2 b n by him1 t fir/ made x4 ,i %all fur!r make out ! comp>ison 'twixt ,reflex'd ,vision & ,audition1 by ^! foll[+ ,propositions4 #a4 ,z a ,pla9 ,speculum reflects ! ,object 9 its due ,dim5sions & ,col\rs2 all[+ = _! diff]5ce ( appe>ance1 accord+ to _! di/ance3 ,s a ,plane ,corpus ,ob/ans reflects ! ,s\nd back 9 its due ,tone & ,l\dness2 if all[ance be likewise made = ! proportionable decrease ( ! ,s\nd1 accord+ to its di/ance4 #b4 ,z a ,convex ,speculum reflects ! ,object less1 b some:at bright] or cle>]3 ,s a ,convex ,corpus ,ob/ans repels ! ,s\nd 7ins5sibly7 small]2 b some:at quick] 7?\gh weak]7 ?an o!rwise x w\ld be4 #c4 ,z a ,concave ,speculum reflects ! ,object bigg]1 m obscure & ,inv]t$3 ,s a ,concave ,corpus ,ob/ans ec*oes back ! ,s\nd 7ins5sibly7 bigg]1 sl[] 7?\gh /rong]7 & also inv]t$2 b nev] accord+ to ! ord] ( ,words4 ,nor d ,i ?9k x possible = ! ,art ( ,man to contrive a ,s+le ,ec*o1 t %all inv]t ! ,s\nd1 & repeat backw>ds2 because !n ! ,words la/ spok51 t is1 :i* d la/ occur to ! ,corpus ,ob/ans1 mu/ fir/ be repell'd2 :i* _c be3 ,= :]e1 9 ! mean "t1 %\ld ! fir/ ,words hang1 & be conceal'd1 or lie dormant8 ,or h[1 aft] su* a pause1 be reviv'd & animat$ aga9 into ,motion8 ,yet 9 complicat$ or ,comp\nd ,ec*oes1 :]e _m receive f "o ano!r1 ,i "k n :e!r some?+ t way may n be done4 ,f ! det]m9ate ,concavity or ,ar*$ness ( ^! reflect+ ,bodies1 x comes to pass1 t "s ( !m1 f a c]ta9 di/ance or po/ure1 w ec*o back b "o det]m9ate ,note1 & f no o!r place w !y rev]b]ate any2 because ( ! undue ,position ( ! s\nd+ ,body4 ,su* an "o 7z ,i rememb]7 is ! ,vault 9 ,m]ton ,college 9 ,ox=d4 #d4 ,z a ,speculum takes 9 & reflects m ( its ,object1 :5 plac'd at a great di/ance f x1 ?an :5 ne>]2 because x reflects accord+ to ! app>5t ,magnitude ( ! ,body at su* a di/ance1 :i* is less3 ,s also ! ,ec*o+ ,body1 be+ remov'd f>!r (f1 reflects m ( ! ,s\nd1 ?an :5 ne>]4 ,& ?is is ! reason1 :y "s ,ec*oes repeat b "o ,syllable1 "s "o ,^w1 & "s _m4 #e4 ,z ,specula's may be s plac'd1 t reflect+ "o ^u or into ! o!r1 ei!r directly or obliquely1 "o ,object %all appe> _m2 z 9 ,sir ,samuel ,morel&'s ,glass-room3 ,aft] ! same mann] ,ec*o+ ,bodies may be s contriv'd & plac'd1 z t reflect+ ! ,s\nd f "o to ! o!r1 ei!r directly & mutually1 or obliquely & by ,succession1 out ( "o ,s\nd %all _m ,ec*oes be begott52 :i* 9 ! fir/ case w be all toge!r1 & some:at involv'd or swall['d up ( ea* o!r1 & !reby confus'd 7z a ,face 9 ,look+-glasses obv]t$7 9 ! o!r !y w be di/9ct1 sep>ate1 & succe$+ "o ano!r2 z mo/ multiple ,ec*oes d4 ,moreov] a ,multiple-,ec*o may be made1 by s plac+ ! ,ec*o+ ,bodies1 at unequal di/ances1 t !y reflect all "o way1 & n "o on ! o!r2 by :i* means a manifold successive ,s\nd w be he>d 7n )\t a/oni%m5t7 "o ,clap ( ! h&s l _m1 "o ,ha1 l a laught]1 "o s+le ,^w l _m ( ! same ,tone & ,acc5t1 & s "o ,viol l _m ( ! same k9d imitat+ ea* o!r4 ,fur!rmore1 z ,specula's may be s ord]'d1 t by ,reflection !y %all make "o s+le ?+ appe> _m diff]5t ?+s2 z "o s+le ,man to seem _m ,m51 diff]+ z to ,%ape & ,complexion 7or a company ( ,m57 :i* ,i ?9k ,sir ,samuel ,morel&'s ,contrivance does n3 ,s may ,ec*o+ ,bodies also be ord]'d1 t f any "o ,s\nd giv51 !y %all produce _m ,ec*oes1 diff]5t bo? z to _! ,tone & ,int5sion4 7,! gr\nd :]e( has else:]e be5 laid d[n 9 a ,treatise conc]n+ ! ,sympa?y ( ,lute-/r+s47 ,by ?is means a ,musical ,room may be s contriv'd1 t n only "o ,in/rum5t1 play'd on 9 x %all seem _m ( ! same sort & size2 b ev5 a ,consort ( 7some:at7 diff]5t ones2 only by plac+ c]ta9 ,ec*o+ ,bodies s1 z t any ,note 7play'd7 %all be return'd by !m 9 #c;ds1 #e?s1 & #h?s1 :i* is possible to be done o!rwise ?an 0 m5tion'd be=e 9 ,refract$ ,audition4 ,i h n[ done ) my ,comp>ison ( ! two ,noble/ ,s5ses1 & ,sci5ces1 z to _! ,improvem5ts2 :]e9 ,i h be5 ?us l>ge1 t ,i might give y a little prospect into ! ,excell5cy & ,usefulness ( ,ac\/icks2 & t !reby ,i might excite all t he> me1 to b5d _! ,?\ghts t[>ds ! mak+ ( ,exp]im5ts = ! compleat+ ?is 7yet v imp]fect1 ?o' noble7 ,sci5ce2 a ,specim5 :]e( ,i w give y 9 ?ree ,problems1 & !n pres5t y ) ! ,semiplane ( an ,ac\/ick or ,phonical ,sph]e1 z an ,attempt to explicate ! great ,pr9ciple 9 ?is ,sci5ce1 :i* is ,! ,progression ( ,s\nds4 ,! ,problems are ^!3 #a4 ,sonum int5d]e qu\sque velis2 or1 ,datum sonum ad datum gradum int5d]e4 #b4 ,sonum ext5d]e qu\sque velis2 or1 ,datum sonum ad datum di/antiam ext5d]e seu propag>e4 #c4 ,sonum transire ab extremo ad extremum non p] ,m$ium4 #a4 ,! fir/ is1 ,to make ! lea/ ,s\nd 7by ! help ( ,in/rum5ts7 z l\d z ! greate/2 a :isp] to become z l\d z ! %ot ( a ,cannon4 ,by ! help ( ?is ,problem1 ! mo/ m9ute ,s\nds 9 ,nature may be cle>ly & di/9ctly he>d4 #b4 ,! second is1 ,to propagate any 7! lea/7 ,s\nd to ! greate/ di/ance4 ,by ! help h]e( any ,s\nd may be convey'd to any1 & !re=e he>d at any di/ance1 7,i mu/ add1 )9 a c]ta91 ?o' v l>ge ,sph]e47 ,moreov]1 by ?is means1 a ,wea!r-cock may be s contriv'd1 z t ) an ord9>y bla/ ( ,w9d x %all cry 7or :i/le7 l\d en\gh to be he>d _m ,leagues3 ,:i* happily may be f\nd ( "s use1 n only = ,pilots 9 mighty tempe/u\s ,wea!r1 :5 light ,h\ses are r5d]'d almo/ useless1 b also = ! measur+ ! /r5g? ( ,w9ds1 if all[ance be made = _! diff]5t moi/ure4 ,= ,i conceive1 t ! m dry any ,w9d is1 ! l\d] x w :i/le ct]is p>ibus2 ,i say1 ct]is p>ibus1 because1 besides ! /r5g? & dryness ( ,w9ds or ,brea?1 !re are a great _m o!r ?+s 7h]eaft] to be consid]$7 t concur to ! increase or magnify+ ( ,s\nds1 begott5 by !m 9 an ,in/rum5t expos$ to _! ,viol5ce1 or bl[n into4 #c4 ,! ?ird ,problem1 is1 ,t a ,s\nd may be convey'd f "o extreme to ! o!r 7or f "o di/ant place to ano!r7 s z n to be he>d 9 ! middle4 ,by ! help ( ?is ,problem a ,man may talk to 8 ,fri5d at a v consid]able di/ance1 s t ^? 9 ! middle space %all he> no?+ ( :at pass$ betwixt !m4 ,,fig4 ,v4 ,,tab4 ,,iii4 ,semiplanum ,sphr ,phonic seu ,ac\/ic4 ,y are to conceive t 7rude7 ,semiplane1 z p>allel to ! ,horizon3 ,= if x be p]p5dicul> !reunto1 ,i suppose ! upp] extremity w be no long] ,circul>1 b ,hyp]bolical1 & ! l[] "p ( x suit$ to a great] ,circle ( ! ,e>?4 ,s t ! :ole ,phonical ,sph]e 7if ,i may s call x7 w be a solid ,hyp]bola1 /&+ ^u a ,concave ,sph]ical ,base4 ,i speak ?is conc]n+ ,s\nds made 7z usually !y are7 nigh ! ,e>?1 & ^: ,sonor\s ,m$ium has a free passage e way4 ,= if !y are g5]at$ high 9 ! ,air1 or direct$ "o way1 ! case w be diff]5t2 :i* is p>tly design'd 9 ! inequality ( t ,draught4 ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,mod]n ,!ory ( ,g5]ation1 by ,dr4 ,george ,g>d5 ( ,ab]de51 be+ "p ( a ,lett] to ,dr4 ,william ,musgrave1 ,l4 ,l4 ,d4 ,reg4 ,soc4 ,s4 & by him communicat$ ! ,royal ,society4 ,! ,subject ,i pit* ^u1 is t ( ! ,=mation ( ,animals1 ,y "k h[ wide & unsatisfy+ ,m5's ,conjectures 7 ^u ?is ,head1 until ?is ,age1 9 :i* fir/ ! des]v$ly ,fam\s ,dr4 ,h>vey discov]$ ! prop] place ( ! ,=mation ( ! ,*ick 9 ! ,cicatricula ( ! ,egg1 & ! ,=mation ( ! ,p>ts s f> z 0 disc]nable by ! nak$ ,eye2 & aft] him ,malpighius1 by ! help ( exact ,glasses1 obs]v'd ! fir/ ,rudim5ts ( x !re1 bo? be=e & aft] ,incubation3 ,& ,r4 de ,graef1 & o!rs1 hav+ ^u _m ,obs]vations conclud$1 t ! ,te/es ,fm9ei 7 ! ,ov>ies ( ,females1 & consequ5tly t all ,animals 7 ex ovo2 !y began f h5ce to inf]1 t ! ,rudim5ts ( ea* ,animal 7 orig9ally 9 ! respective ,females1 & t ! ,male contribut$ only to give a new ,f]m5t to ! ,mass ( ! ,blood & ,spirits1 by :i* means a spiritu\s ,liquor 7:i* ! ,blood 9 its ord9>y ,f]m5t c\ld n produce7 did ins9uate x self into ! same ,ducts & ,pores ( ! ,rudim5ts ( ^? ,animals1 :i* 7 9 greate/ =w>dness 9 ! ,ov>y1 & s ext5d & enl>ge all _! ,p>ts1 & at la/ br+ !m to p]fection1 z ,mr4 ,p]rault does +5i\sly disc\rse 9 ! ?ird ,"p ( 8 ,essais de ,physique2 till n[ at la/ ,le[5hoek has discov]'d an inf9ite numb] ( ,animalcula 9 sem9e m>ium ( all k9ds1 :i* has made him condemn ! =m] ,op9ions ab\t ! ,propagation ( all ,animals ex ,ovo4 ,n[ ^u comp>+ ! ,obs]vations & ,discov]ies :i* h be5 made ) "o ano!r1 ^! ?ree ?+s seem to me v probable4 #a4 ,t ,animals are ex ,animalculo4 #b4 ,t ^! ,animalcles are orig9ally 9 sem9e ,m>ium non 9 ,fm9is4 #c4 ,t !y c nev] come =w>d1 nor be =m$ into ,animals ( ! respective k9d1 )\t ! ,ova 9 ,fm9is4 ,! fir/ ( ^! seems probable f ^! ?ree ,obs]vations4 #a4 ,t "s su* ?+ has be5 s (t5 obs]v'd by ,malpighius1 9 ! ,cicatricula ( an ,egg be=e ,incubation1 z ! ,rudim5ts ( an ,animal 9 ! %ape ( a ,tadpole1 z may be se5 9 8 fir/1 & 9 8 repeat$ ,obs]vations de =matione ,pulli 9 ,ovo4 #b4 ,! sudd5 appe>ance & display+ ( all ! ,p>ts aft] ,incubation1 makes x probable1 t !y are n !n actually =m$ out ( a fluid1 b t ! ,/am9a ( !m h be5 =m]ly !re exi/5t1 & are n[ exp&$4 ,! fir/ ,"p ( ! ,*ick :i* is discov]$ ) ! nak$ ,eye1 is1 y "k1 ! ,punctum sali5s1 & t n till ?ree days & nights ( ,incubation be pa/2 & !n1 on ! fif? day1 ! ,rudim5ts ( ! ,head & ,body d appe>4 ,?is made ,dr4 ,h>vey conclude1 t ! ,blood _h a be+ be=e any o!r ,"p ( ! ,body2 & t f x1 all ! ,organs ( ! ,ftus 7 bo? =m'd & n\ri%$3 ,b by ,malpighius's ,obs]vations we f9d t ! ,p>ts are !n only s f> ext5d$1 z to be made visible to ! nak$ ,eye1 & t !y 7 actually exi/5t be=e1 & disc]nable by ,glasses4 ,aft] an ,incubation ( ?irty h\rs1 are to be se5 ! ,head1 ! ,eyes1 & ! ,c>9a ) ! ,v]tebr1 di/9ct1 & ! ,he>t4 ,aft] =ty h\rs its ,pulse is visible1 & all ! o!r ,p>ts m di/9ct1 :i* _c be disc]n$ by ! nak$ ,eye be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? day2 f :5ce x seems probable1 t ev5 ! s e>ly discov]y ( ^? ,p>ts ( ! ,ftus by ! ,microscope1 is n ! disc]n+ ( ,p>ts newly =m$1 b only m dilat$ & ext5d$ by receiv+ ( ,nutrim5t f ! ,colliquam5tum2 s t !y seem all to h be5 actually exi/5t be=e ! ,incubation ( ! ,h54 ,& :at ,swamm]dam has discov]$ 9 ! trans=mation ( ,insects1 gives no small light to ?is2 :il/ he makes appe> 9 ! ,explanation ( ! #ac? ,table ( ! ,g5]al ,hi/ory ( ,insects1 t 9 ^? l>ge ,eruca's :i* fe$ ^u ,cabbage1 if !y be tak5 ab\t ! "t !y retire to be trans=m$ into ,aurelia's1 & plung'd (t5 9 w>m ,wat] to make a ,rupture ( ! out] ,sk91 y w disc]n ?r\gh ! transp>5cy ( _! second ,membrane1 all ! ,p>ts ( ! ,butt]fly1 ! ,trunk1 ,w+s1 ,feel]s1 c4 fold$ up4 ,b t aft] ! ,eruca is *ang'd into an ,aurelia1 none ( ^! ,p>ts c be disc]n'd1 !y are s dr5*t ) moi/ure1 ?o' !y be !re actually =m'd4 ,ano!r ,consid]ation is f ! ,analogy1 :i* we may suppose betwe5 ,plants & ,animals4 ,all ,vegetables we d see proce$ ex ,plantula1 ! ,se$s ( ,vegetables be+ no?+ else b little ,plants ( ! same k9d fold$ up 9 ,coats & ,membranes2 & f h5ce we may probably conjecture1 t s curi\sly an organiz$ ,creature z an ,animal1 is n ! sudd5 ,product ( a ,fluid or ,colliquam5tum1 b does mu* r proce$ f an ,animalcle ( ! same k9d1 & has all its little ,memb]s fold$ up accord+ to _! sev]al ,jo9ts & ,plicatures1 :i* are aft]w>ds enl>g$ & di/5d$1 z we see 9 ,plants4 ,n[ ?o' ?is ,consid]ation alone may seem n to be> mu* weight2 yet be+ jo9'd to ! two =m]1 !y d mutually /r5g!n ea* o!r4 ,& inde$ all ! ,laws ( ,motion1 :i* are z yet discov]$1 c give b a v lame acc\nt ( ! =m+ ( a ,plant or ,animal4 ,we see h[ wret*$ly ,des ,c>tes came (f :5 he began to apply !m to ?is ,subject2 !y are =m$ by ,laws yet unkn[n to ,mank9d2 & x seems mo/ probable1 t ! ,/am9a ( all ! ,plants & ,animals t h be51 or ev] %all be 9 ! ,_w1 h be5 =m'd1 ab ,orig9e ,mundi1 by ! ,almighty ,creator )9 ! fir/ ( ea* respective k9d4 ,& he :o consid]s ! ,nature ( ,vision1 t x does n give u ! true magnitude1 b ! proportion ( ?+s2 & t :at seems to our nak$ ,eye b a ,po9t1 may truly be made up ( z _m ,p>ts z seem to u to be 9 ! :ole visible ,_w1 w n ?9k ?is an absurd or impossible ?+4 ,b ! second ?+ :i* lat] ,discov]ies h made probable1 is1 t ^! ,animalcles are orig9ally 9 ,sem9e ,m>ium non 9 ,fm9is4 ,& ?is ,i collect f ^! ,consid]ations3 #a4 ,t !re are innum]able ,animalcula discov]'d 9 ,sem9e ,masculo omnium ,animalium4 ,mr4 ,leew5hoeck has made ?is s evid5t by s _m ,obs]vations1 t ,i d n 9 ! lea/ "q ! tru? ( ! ?+4 ,! reason ( _! ,multitude1 & "s ( ! ,difficulties :i* arise !reupon1 he has cle>$ to v good ,purpose1 s t ,i %all n repeat !m4 #b4 ,! obs]v+ ! ,rudim5ts ( ! ,ftus 9 ,eggs1 :i* h be5 fecundat$ by ! ,male1 & ! see+ no su* ?+ 9 ^? :i* are n fecundat$1 z appe>s f ,malpighius 8 ,obs]vations1 make x v probable t ^! ,rudim5ts proce$ orig9ally f ! ,male1 & n f ! ,female4 #c4 ,! resemblance betwe5 ! ,rudim5ts ( ! ,ftus 9 ,ovo1 bo? be=e & aft] ,incubation1 & ! ,animalcle1 makes x v probable1 t !y are "o & ! same4 ,! same ,%ape & ,figure :i* ,mr4 ,leew5hoeck gives u ( ! ,animalcle1 ,malpighius likewise gives ( ! ,rudim5ts ( ! ,ftus1 bo? be=e & aft] ,incubation2 yea1 & ev5 ! ,ftus's ( ,animals d appe> s at fir/ to ! nak$ ,eye1 s t ,dr4 ,h>vey does ackn[l$ge t all ,animals1 ev5 ! mo/ p]fect1 are begott5 ( a ,worm1 ,de ,g54 ,anim4 ,ex4 #ah4 #d4 ,?is gives a rational acc\nt ( _m ,ftus's at "o ,bir?1 especially t ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,holl&1 & h[ at lea/ a :ole ,clu/] ( ,eggs 9 a ,h5 are fecundat$ by "o ,coition ( ! ,male4 #e4 ,?is gives a new light1 z x 71 to ! fir/ ,prophecy conc]n+ ! ,messiah1 t ! ,se$ ( ! ,woman %all bruise ! ,head ( ! ,s]p5t1 all ! re/ ( ,mank9d be+ ?us mo/ prop]ly & truly ! ,se$ ( ! ,man4 #f4 ,! ,analogy ,i h already m5tion$1 :i* we may rationally suppose betwe5 ! mann] ( ! propagation ( ,plants & ,animals1 does likewise make ?is probable4 ,e ,h]b & ,tree be>s its ,se$ aft] its k9d2 :i* ,se$ is no?+ else b a little ,plant ( ! same k9d1 :i* be+ ?r[n into ! ,e>?1 z into its ,ut]us1 spreads =? its ,roots1 & receives its ,n\ri%m5t1 b has its =m )9 its self1 & we may rationally conjecture "s su* ,analogy 9 ! ,propagation ( ,animals4 ,! ?ird ,p>ticul> :i* lat] ,discov]ies make probable1 is1 t ,animals _c be =m$ ( ^! ,animalcula )\t ! ,ova 9 fm9is1 :i* are necess>y = supply+ ( !m ) prop] ,nutrim5t3 ,& ?is ^! ,consid]ations seem to ev9ce4 #a4 ,x is probable t an ,animalcle _c come =w>d1 if x d n fall into a prop] ,nidus4 ,?is we see is ! ,cicatricula 9 ,eggs2 & ?o' a ,million ( !m %\ld fall into an ,egg1 none ( !m w\ld come =w>d1 b :at 7 9 ! ,c5t] ( ! ,cicatricula2 & p]haps ! ,nidus necess>y = _! =mation is s proportion'd to _! bulk1 t x c h>dly conta9 m ?an "o ,animalcle2 & ?is may be ! reason :y !re are s few ,mon/]s4 ,?is we see is absolutely necess>y 9 ,ovip>is2 & ! only diff]5ce :i* seems to be betwe5 !m & ! ,vivip>a1 9 ?is matt]1 is 9 ?is1 t 9 ! latt] ! ,ova are prop]ly no?+ m b ! ,cicatricula1 ) its ,colliquam5tum1 s t ! ,ftus mu/ spread =? its ,roots into ! ,ut]us to receive its n\ri%m5t2 b ! ,eggs 9 ,ovip>is may be prop]ly t]m'd an ,ut]us1 9 relation to ! ,ftus2 = !y conta9 n only ! ,cicatricula1 ) its ,amnion & ! ,colliquam5tum1 :i* is ! imm$iate n\ri%m5t ( ! ,ftus1 b also ! mat]ials :i* are to be conv]t$ into t ,colliquam5tum2 s t ! ,ftus spreads =? its ,roots no f>!r ?an into ! ,:ite & ,yolk ( ! ,egg1 f :5ce x d]ives all its n\ri%m5t4 ,n[ t an ,animalcle _c come =w>d )\t "s su* prop] ,nidus1 ,mr4 ,leew5hoeck w n readily d5y2 = if !re 7 no?+ ne$ful1 b _! be+ ?r[n into ! ,ut]us1 ,i d n see :y _m hundr$s ( !m %\ld n come =w>d at once2 = z to :at ,mr4 ,leew5hoeck says1 t "o ( !m w\ld be-dw>f & *oak ! re/2 ?is might fall out 9 process ( "t3 ,b at fir/ ,i d n see :y _m ( !m %\ld n gr[ toge!r1 :il/ scatt]'d 9 s l>ge a ,field 7& yet no su* ?+ is obs]v$7 if !re 7 n an absolute necessity ( a ,cicatricula = _! gr[? & ?riv+4 ,n[1 #b4 ,t ?is ,cicatricula is n orig9ally 9 ,ut]o1 seems evid5t f ! frequ5t ,conceptions :i* h be5 f\nd extra ,ut]um3 ,su* z ! ,*ild :i* cont9u$ ,tw5ty six ,ye>s 9 ! ,woman ( ,?ol\se's ,belly1 m5tion'd ,numb4 #aci4 ( ! ,philos4 ,trans4 ,& ! little ,ftus f\nd 9 ! ,abdom5 de ,/4 ,m]e1 toge!r ) ! ,te/icle torn & full ( clott$ ,blood1 record$ ,numb4 #aej4 bo? tak5 out ( ! ,j\rnals des ,savans3 ,su* also seem to be ! ,ftus 9 ! ,abdom5 ( ! ,woman ( ,cop5hag51 m5tion'd 9 ! ,n\velles des ,lettres1 = ,sept4 #he4 pag4 #iif4 all ! ,memb]s ( :i* 7 easily to be felt ?r\gh ! ,sk9 ( ! ,belly1 & :i* %e _h c>ri$ 9 h] ,belly = f\r ,ye>s2 & ! sev5 ,ye>s ,gravidation1 relat$ by ,dr4 ,cole1 ,numb4 #agb4 ( ! ,transact4 ,t ^! two 7 und\bt$ly extra ,ut]um1 is unc]ta91 because ! la/ 0 n op5'd aft] h] dea?1 & ! =m] may be yet /ill alive4 ,n[ grant+ once ! necessity ( a prop] ,nidus1 = ! =mation ( an ,animalcle into ! ,animal ( its respective k9d2 ^! ,obs]vations make x probable1 t ! ,te/es are ! ,ov>ia appropriat$ = ?is use2 = ?o' ! ,animalcles com+ ?i!r 9 su* ,cases may seem to be extraord9>y1 & t usually ! ,impregnation is 9 ,ut]o2 yet x may be collect$ f h5ce1 t ! ,cicatricul or ,ova to be impregnat$1 are 9 ,te/ibus fm9eis2 = if x 7 n s1 ! accid5tal com+ ( ,animalcles ?i!r c\ld n make !m come =w>d m ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ! ,body1 s9ce !y _c be =m$ & n\ri%$ )\t a prop] ,nidus4 ,b #c4 ,x is ackn[l$g'd by all1 t ! ,ftus 9 ,ut]o1 = "s consid]able "t aft] ,conception1 has no connexion ) ! ,womb1 t x sits :olly loose to x1 & is p]fectly a little r\nd ,egg ) ! ,ftus 9 ! mid/1 :i* s5ds =? its ,umbilical ,vessels by degrees1 & at la/ lays hold on ! ,ut]us4 ,n[ f h5ce x seems evid5t1 t ! ,cicatricula1 :i* is ! ,f\nta9 ( ! ,animalcles n\ri%m5t1 does n spr\t f ! ,ut]us1 b has its ,orig9 else:]e1 & falls 9 ?i!r z into a fit ,soil1 f :5ce x may draw ,nutrim5t = ! gr[? ( ! ,ftus1 else x _c be easily imag9'd1 h[ x %\ld n h an imm$iate ,connexion ) ! ,ut]us f ! "t ( ,conception4 ,if y jo9 all ^! ?ree ,consid]ations toge!r1 viz4 t an ,animalcle _c come =w>d )\t a prop] ,nidus or ,cicatricula2 t !re h be5 frequ5t ,ftus's extra ,ut]um2 & t !y h no ,adhsion to ! ,ut]us1 = a consid]able "t aft] ,conception1 !y seem to make x evid5t1 t ,animals _c be =m'd ex ,animalculis )\t ! ,ova 9 ,fm9is4 ,to all ^! ,i %all subjo9 ! ,proposal ( an ,exp]im5tum ,crucis1 :i* may seem to det]m9e1 :e!r ! ,te/es ,fm9e be truly ! ,ov>ia1 viz4 ,op5 ! ,abdom5 ( ! ,females ( "s k9ds1 & cut out ^! ,te/icles1 & ?is w det]m9e1 :e!r !y be absolutely necess>y = ! =mation ( ,animals4 ,!re are "s ,difficulties propos$ aga9/ ?is ,conjecture1 :i* ,i ?9k may be easily resolv$4 ,"s object ! di/ance betwe5 ! ,tub or ,cornua ,ut]i1 & ! ,te/icles2 b to ?is is oppos$ by ,swamm]dam1 & o!rs1 ! l di/ance betwe5 ! ,infundibulum1 9 ,h5s & ,frogs1 & ! ,ov>y2 & yet x _c be d5i$ t ! ,eggs are transmitt$ ?ro' ?is into ! ,ut]us3 ,& besides ,r4 de ,graef1 & o!rs1 h by repeat$ ,obs]vations f\nd t ! ,cornua ,ut]i d at c]ta9 times aft] ,conception1 embrace ! ,te/es on bo? sides ! ,ut]us4 ,!y object 9 ! second place ! great disproportion betwe5 ! pret5d$ ,eggs 9 ! ,ov>y1 & ! ,ap]ture ( ! ,tub or ,cornua ,ut]i1 ! =m] be+ a great deal bigg] ?an ! latt]3 ,b bo? ,r4 de ,graef & ,malpighius h cle>'d t ,matt]1 by mak+ appe>1 t ^! ,bladd]s 9 ! ,ov>y are n ! ,ova1 b s]ve to =m ! ,gl&ules )9 :i* ! ,ova are =m$1 :i* break ?r\gh a small ,papilla op5+ 9 ! ,gl&ule1 :i* be>s a proportion to ! ,ap]ture ( ! ,tube4 ,!y object #c1 ,! difficulty to conceive h[ ^! ,eggs %\ld be impregnat$ p] sem5 ,m>is1 bo? because !re is no ,connexion betwe5 ! ,tub & ! ,ov>y = its transmission1 & = t ,dr4 ,h>vey c\ld nev] discov] any ?+ ( x 9 ,ut]o4 ,z to ! la/1 ,mr4 ,leew5hoeck has cle>$ t difficulty1 by ! discov]y ( innum]able ,animalcula ,sem9is ,m>is 9 ,cornubus ,ut]i1 & ^? liv+ a consid]able "t aft] ,coition4 ,numb4 #agd4 ( ! ,transact4 ,& z to ! =m]1 we may ei!r suppose t !re is su* an ,inflation ( ! ,tub or ,cornua ,ut]i tempore ,coitionis1 z makes !m embrace ! ,ov>ia1 & su* an approa* ( ! ,ut]us & its ,cornua1 z t ,i may easily transmit ! ,se$ into ! ,ov>y2 or else1 t ! ,ova are impregnat$ by ! ,animalcles aft] !y desc5d into ! ,ut]us1 & n 9 ! ,ov>y2 ! =m] seems probable = ?is ,reason1 t at lea/ a :ole ,clu/] ( ,eggs 9 a ,h5 w be fecundat$ by "o ,tread ( ! ,cock3 ,n[ ?is ,fecundation seems to be 9 ! ,vitell>y1 & n 9 ! ,ut]us1 z ! ,eggs pass along f day to day2 = x c h>dly be suppos$ t ! ,animalcles %\ld subsi/ s long1 be+ scatt]$ loosely 9 ! ,ut]us1 z to wait !re = _m days = ! ,fecundation ( ! ,eggs z !y pass along4 ,! latt] ,conjecture has ?is to /r5g!n x1 t ! ,animalcles are f\nd to live a consid]able "t 9 ! ,ut]us2 & t if !y %\ld impregnate ! ,ova 9 ! ,ov>y x self1 ! ,ftus w\ld increase s fa/1 t ! ,ova c\ld n pass ?r\gh ! ,tub ,ut]i1 b w\ld ei!r bur/ ! ,ov>y1 or fall d[n into ! ,abdom5 f ! ,orifices ( ! ,tub2 & t f h5ce proce$ ^? extraord9>y ,conceptions 9 ,abdom9e extra ,ut]um4 ,b1 #d4 ,mr4 ,leewehoeck1 ,numb4 #adg4 ( ! ,transact4 to weak5 ! ?ird ,consid]ation ab\t ! ,conceptions1 be+ l unto an ,ovum 9 ! ,womb1 proposes a ,p>allel betwe5 ^! ,animalcles & ,insects2 & ins9uates1 t z ! latt] ca/ _! ,sk9s1 & appe> ( ano!r ,%ape1 s ! o!r :i* at fir/ seem l ,tadpoles1 may ca/ _! out] ,sk91 & !n be r\nd2 & t ?is may be ! occasion ( ! r\nd ,figure ( ! ,conception 9 ! ,womb4 ,to ?is x may be repli$1 t accord+ to ,mr4 ,leew5hoeck's own ,s5tim5t1 ! ,animalcles _c come =w>d1 if !y d n f9d ! ,punctum or prop] place = _! ,n\ri%m5t1 to :i* x seems !y mu/ h "s ,adhsion4 ,n[ ! ,conception 9 ,vivip>is is n fa/n$ unto ! ,womb = _m days1 nor does adh]e to any po9t ( x2 s t x seems ?is r\ndi% ,body is n ! ,animalcle ?us *ang'd aft] hav+ ca/ an out] ,sk91 b is r ! ,cicatricula or little ,egg1 into :i* ! ,animalcle has entr$ z its ,punctum or place ( n\ri%m5t2 else ,i d n see :y !y %\ld n be adh]+ to ! ,womb f ! fir/ ,conception1 or :y 7z ,i h said7 _m hundr$s ( !m are n conceiv'd & =m$ toge!r1 c4 ,a %ort ,disc\rse conc]n+ ,concoction3 ,read at a ,meet+ ( ! ,royal ,society1 ,may 444 #afii1 by ,clopton ,hav]s1 ,m4 ,d4 ,fell[ ( ! ,royal ,society4 ,! mann] 9 :i* ! ,dige/ion ( ! ,alim5t is p]=m$1 is a ?+ n v easie to be und]/ood & expla9$4 ,h[ev]1 x has n escap'd ! ,conjectures ( "s ,philosophical ,m51 :o hav+ curi\sly obs]v'd ! ,phnom5a ( ,nature1 & enquir$ into _! ,causes1 h1 among/ o!r ?+s1 endeav\r'd to acc\nt = ?is4 ,b _! ,s5tim5ts ab\t x h be5 v>i\s1 & ! ,hypo!sis1 by :i* !y h /udi$ to expla9 x1 v diff]5t4 ,"s h ?\ght ! ,concoction ( ! ,food to be a k9d ( ,elixation2 & t ! gross] & m solid ,p>ts be+1 z x 71 boil'd 9 ! ,liquid by ! ,heat ( ! ,/oma*1 & ! ,p>ts adjac5t to x1 z ! ,liv]1 ,sple51 & ,om5tum1 are by a long & cont9u$ ,elixation1 fir/ r5d]'d m t5d]1 & !n colliquat$1 & dissolv$ into m9ut] ,p>ticles1 s z to mix m equally ) ! ,fluid1 & ) t to make "o ,pulpam5t1 or *yl\s ,mass4 ,& ,hippocrates1 ?o' he does n pla9ly call x an ,elixation1 yet seems to attribute ! ,concoction ( ! ,food to ! ,heat ( ! ,/oma*1 z ! ,cause ( x1 ,sect4 #d4 ,libro de salubri victus ratione4 ,s :]e he takes notice ( ! void+ ( su* ,fces1 z appe> to be l ! ,food t has be5 eat52 he adds1 ,con/at enim1 sane v5triculum1 ciborum copiam1 ut concoquat1 calefac]e non posse4 ,& !re are o!r ,passages 9 ! same ,book1 f :i* we may conclude1 t he suppos'd ! ,heat ( ! ,/oma* to be ! great ,cause ( ! ,dige/ion ( ! ,food4 ,!re are o!rs t make ! ,/oma* itself to be ! great ,in/rum5t ( ,dige/ion1 b 9 a diff]5t mann]3 ,& !y suppose x to be p]=m'd by an ,attrition1 z if ! ,/oma*1 by ^? repeat$ ,motions1 :i* are ! necess>y ,effects ( ,respiration1 :5 x is di/5d$ by ! ,alim5t1 did bo? rub or gr9d (f "s m9ut] ,p>ticles f ! gross] ,p>ts2 & by cont9ually agitat+ ! ,mass ( ,food1 make ^? ,p>ts1 :i* are n contigu\s to ! ,/oma*1 /rike "o aga9/ ano!r1 & break "o ano!r 9 pieces1 until !y are all att5uat$4 ,x is evid5t en\gh1 t ! sides ( ! ,/oma* d 9 ,expiration press ^u ! ,cont5ta1 s z to oblige1 at lea/ "s ,p>ts ( !m1 e "t ! ,muscles ( ! ,abdom5 are contract$1 to move & %ift _! places4 ,s 9 ,inspiration1 :5 ! ,diaphragm & ,liv] press ^u ! upp] "p ( ! ,/oma*1 ! ,alim5t mu/ be mov$ aga94 ,s t by ^! reciprocal ,motions1 t "p ( ! ,food :i* is contigu\s to ! ,/oma*1 & moves 9 a ,l9e p>allel to x1 mu/ rub aga9/ x2 & all ! o!r ,p>ts be+ mov$ by su* a ,compression1 z gives !m a diff]5t ,t5d5cy1 x is c]ta9 !y mu/ be cont9ually /rik+ "o aga9/ ano!r4 ,& = ,bread1 & su* ?+s z are made ( ,fl[]1 t w be s(tn$ & dissolv'd ) any common ,liquid1 t ,agitation ( ! ,/oma* :i* moves !m 9 ,respiration1 might seem suffici5t to break & dissolve !m1 :5 !y are suffici5tly moi/5'd ) a ,fluid4 ,yet ?is _c be ?\ght en\gh to break & dige/ ,fle%-meat1 ,fruits1 or any o!r ?+ t w n be s(tn$ & dissolv'd 9 ,wat]1 or "s su* ,liquid4 ,b al?\gh ?is ,motion ( ! ,alim5t1 caus$ by ,respiration1 does n actually dige/ x1 yet x has a great & necess>y ,use 9 ,concoction1 & makes all ! gross] ,p>ts1 z !y are att5uat$1 mix equally ) ! ,fluid4 ,"s ?9k t ! ,bili\s ,juice2 o!rs1 t ! ,spirits are *iefly conc]n'd 9 ?is ,affair4 ,gal51 9 8 ,book de ,neutralibus ,facultatibus1 makes x to be ! ,effect1 n ( "o1 b ( sev]al ,causes2 z a pituit\s ,juice 9 ! ,/oma*1 ! ,bile1 c4 :i* appe>s f :at he has said1 & ! ,translator ?us r5d]'d3 ',v]um quanto ii 7cibi7 qui mansi sunt1 iis1 qui inhs]unt1 magis sunt alt]ati2 tanto etiam 8 magis ii1 qui devorati sunt4 ,siquidem incomp>abilis erit horum alt]ationis excessus1 si qu 9 v5tre e/ ,pituita ,bilis1 ,spiritus1 ,calor1 tota ,v5tris sub/antia1 /im5tur4' ,"s !re are t w h ! ,food to be dissolv'd by a ,m5/ruum1 :i* is supply'd f ! ,gl&s ( ! ,/oma*1 or "s o!r way3 ,b ^? t d s f> agree 9 ! ,g5]al1 z to ?9k ,concoction is p]=m'd by a ,dissolv5t1 d diff] 9 _! ,notions ( ! ,nature ( ! ,m5/ruum3 ,= !re are "s t suppose x to be an ,acid1 :i* does erode ! gross] p>ts ( ! ,food1 & dissolves !m 9 ! same mann] z ,v9eg>1 ,_s ( ,vitriol1 or any su*-l ,acid1 w dissolve ev5 s solid a ,body z ,iron4 ,& x _c be d5y'd1 b t ,oil ( ,vitriol w dissolve ,fle%-meat1 & r$uce x to a ,pulp2 b x is n to be suppos'd1 t ! ,fibres ( ! ,/oma* c admit any su* /rong & corrod+ ,acid1 )\t some?+ to correct x1 b x mu/ be injur'd 9 its ,tone1 & lab\r "u great & extraord9>y ,pa9s4 ,nei!r does su* a ,m5/ruum1 ?o' x w dige/ "s ?+s1 seem capable ( dissolv+ s great a ,v>iety ( ,?+s z we eat1 especially :5 a great _m ( !m are ( a contr>y ,nature4 ,"s w h ! ,m5/ruum to be a nitro-a]ius ,_s1 t is1 quick1 & v p5etrat+1 & includ$ 9 its prop] ,vehicle2 :i*1 be+ 9 its own ,nature apt to p5etrate ! ,mass ( ! ,alim5t1 does diffuse x self ?r\gh ! ,:ole1 & break+ ! ,v9culum ( ! m solid ,p>ts1 does dissolve _! ,compages4 ,by o!rs1 x is ?\ght to be "s sal9e ,juice 9 ! ,/oma*1 by :i* ! ,p>ts ( ! ,alim5t are divid$ & dissolv$1 & ^? :i* are fit = ,n\ri%m5t1 are volatiliz'd4 ,la/ly1 ,!re are "s o!rs :o reject ! ,op9ions ,i h already m5tion'd1 & suppose ! ,dige/ion ( ! ,food to be p]=m'd by ! ,b5efit ( a ,f]m5t2 :i*1 :5 x is mix$ ) ! ,alim5t1 excites 9 ! ,mass an inte/9e motion2 & ! diff]5t & contr>y motions & t5d5cy ( ! ,p>ts1 mak+ "s k9d ( ,collision1 gradually break (f ,p>ticles f ! gross]1 & m solid ,p>ts1 till !y are s att5uat$ z to be apt to mix m equally ) ! ,fluid1 & ) !m to make "o s(t or *yl\s ,sub/ance4 ,b yet !re is n among/ !m an univ]sal ,cons5t1 ei!r ab\t ! ,nature ( ?is ,f]m5t1 or ! mann] h[ x is supply'd4 ,= fir/1 "s ?9k x to be ! ,rema9s ( ! ,food t 0 la/ dige/$2 :i* hav+ la9 "s "t 9 ! ,/oma*1 aft] ! re/ is c>ri$ d[n into ! ,inte/9es1 contracts an ,acid1 or "s o!r ,quality1 & is s alt]'d1 z to p>take ( ! ,nature ( a ,leav54 ,& ?is ,leav5 be+ a "p ( ! ,food1 :i* has be5 already dige/$1 is s s(t & liquid z to be capable ( mix+ ) ! ,alim5t1 :i* is next tak5 into ! ,/oma*2 & be+ agitat$ ) x by ! repeat$ ,pressures ( ! ,diaphragm1 ,liv]1 & ,abdom9al ,muscles ^u ! ,/oma* 9 ,respiration1 does diffuse x self ?r\gh ! :ole ,mass2 & be+ mix$ ) x1 l ,leav51 or ,ye/ add$ to new ,wort1 c4 puts x into a ,/ate ( ,f]m5tation2 & by ?is ,f]m5tation1 or ! ,expansion ( ! ,f]m5t1 & ! m t5ui\s ,p>ts1 :i* are fir/ put into motion by x1 ^? :i* are m solid1 & ) :i* !y are int]mix$1 are r5t1 & divid$1 & s att5uat$1 z to become a s(t & pulp\s matt]4 ,& al?o' ! greate/ "p ( ! ,food1 t is ?us brok5 & concoct$1 is by ! ,contraction ( ! ,fibres ( ! ,/oma* press'd into ! ,duod5um2 yet !y d n contract !mselves s z to =ce out all ! ,alim5t1 b leave betwe5 ! ,rug or ,folds1 on ! inside ( ! ,/oma*1 a suffici5t ,quantity to be a ,leav5 to ! next ,meal2 & s f "t to "t4 ,"s h a ,notion1 ,t ?is ,f]m5t1 or ,pr9ciple ( ,f]m5tation1 is 9 ! ,alim5t x self2 :i* be+ a ,cong]ies ( ,matt]1 consi/+ ( v>i\s ,p>ts ( a diff]5t ,nature1 is no soon] enclos$ 9 ! ,/oma*1 & dige/$ 9 ! ,heat ( t1 & ! adjac5t ,p>ts1 b ! m spiritu\s & subtil ,p>ticles are put into motion bo? f t ,w>m?1 & ! diff]5ce ( _! ,natures1 & ent] ^u a ,f]m5tation4 ,& s by _! inte/9e ,commotion1 & ! ,viol5ce !y (f] to ^? ,p>ts :i* oppose ! t5d5cy ( any ( !m1 !y break & dissolve :at is m solid4 ,aga93 ,"s suppose1 t ?is ,f]m5t is supply'd f ! ,gl&s ( ! ,/oma*4 ,& ,la/ly1 ,o!rs1 & p]haps ) mu* bett] ,reason1 cont5d = ! ,saliva1 & make t to be ! ,f]m5t1 :i* s]ves pr9cipally = ! ,dige/ion ( ! ,food2 :i* 9 ,ma/ication be+ mix'd ) our ,alim5t1 is ) t c>ri$ d[n into ! ,/oma*1 :]e ! ,p>ts ( x be+ put into motion by a k9dly & agreeable ,heat1 !y d f]m5t )1 & exagitate fir/ ^? ,p>ts ( ! ,food :i* are mo/ apt to f]m5t ) x1 & !n bo? conspire to break & dissolve ! gross] & m /ubborn ,p>ts4 ,& ,gal51 9 ! ,book ,i h be=e-m5tion'd1 pla9ly all[s t ! ,saliva is conc]n'd 9 ! bus9ess ( ,concoction1 ?o' he supposes ! ,alt]ation1 :i* is produc'd by ?is ,juice1 to be made 9 ! ,m\?1 z appe>s f ^! ,words3 ,qu 7alt]atio7 9 ore agitur mutat quidem id 7nutrim5tum7 9 alt]am speciem manife/1 non tam5 ad p]fectionem transmutat--,qui mansi sunt cibi primum quidem hac ,pituita 7oris7 imbuunt]1 cum ea misc5tur----,itaque majorem mutationem consecuti sunt1 quam ii1 qui 9 vacuis d5tium int]vallis fu]e impacti4 ,n[ ,i h giv5 ?is %ort ,acc\nt ( ! v>i\s ,op9ions ( "s ,+5i\s ,m51 conc]n+ ! mann] h[ ,concoction is p]=m'd2 ,i come n[ to propose my own ,hypo!sis1 by :i* ,i %all endeav\r to expla9 x4 ,9 ord] to ! m easie & effectual ,dige/ion ( ! ,food1 ,nature has appo9t$ "s ,p>ts = ! break+ our ,alim5t1 & r$uc+ :atev] is gross into small] ,p>ts1 be=e x is put ^u ,dige/ion3 ,o!rs to supply ! ,f]m5t1 by :i* x is to be dissolv'd & concoct$1 & :i*1 be=e x comes to be includ$ 9 ! ,/oma*1 does moi/51 & make x m s(t1 t x may m easily be p5etrat$1 & brok5 by ^? ,p>ts :i* s]ve to divide e ,morsel into small] ,pieces1 & prev5ts ! ,inconv5i5ce & ,tr\ble :i* w\ld arise f ! ,n\ri%m5t /ick+ ab\t or betwe5 !m1 :5 x is dry or visc\s4 ,= ! break+ ( t "p ( our ,food1 :i* is n liquid1 ,nature has furni%'d u ) ,tee?1 & ^? ( two sorts3 ,= "s are orda9'd to divide & break (f small] ,morsels f a l>g] ,mass2 o!rs are made = ! gr9d+ ^? ,morsels into mu* small] p>ts4 ,! ,tee?1 :i* s]ve to break (f ,pieces ( a conv5i5t ,magnitude f a l>g] ,mass1 are ( two sorts1 accommodat$ to ! ,nature ( ! ,sub/ance :i* we eat4 ,^! are ! ,incisores1 & ! ,d5tes ,can9i4 ,if ! ,sub/ance1 :i* we h to eat1 be n h>d1 b m easily p5etrat$ & divid$1 !n ! ,incisores are capable ( mak+ an ,impression ^u x1 & fix'd firmly en\gh 9 ! ,jaws to break (f t "p :i* !y take hold (4 ,b if x be m solid1 & n easily p5etrat$1 nor any ,piece )\t difficulty to be sep>at$ f t ,body1 :]e( x is a "p2 !n we apply ! ,d5tes ,can9i1 or ,eye-,tee?1 to x1 :i* are n spread1 nor h su* an edge z ! ,incisores1 b are %>p & po9t$ l an ,awl1 & s d m readily p5etrate a ,sub/ance t is h>d1 & :i* ! ,incisores c sc>cely make any ,impression ^u4 ,& z ! ,p>ts ( a m solid ,body are commonly ) m difficulty sep>at$1 & !re mu/ be a great] /ress put ^u ^? ,tee? :i* pull x into pieces2 s ^! ,tee? are mu* m firmly fix$ 9 ! ,jaws ?an ! ,incisores1 ?o' !y h b "o s+le ,root4 ,besides1 ! ,position ( all ^! ,tee? is accommodat$ to _! use1 z be+ plant$ opposite to ! ,ap]ture ( ! ,m\?2 s t !y may be conv5i5tly apply'd to ! ,sub/ance :i* we h to eat1 be=e x is brok51 & :5 x is too l>ge to be admitt$ )9 ! ,m\?4 ,! ,tee? :i* d by a ,compression & ,attrition r$uce ! little ,morsels to small] ,p>ts1 are f ! mann] 9 :i* !y break ! ,alim5t1 call$ ,d5tes ,mol>es1 because !y d1 l s _m ,mill-/ones1 gr9d ! ,food betwe5 !m4 ,& t !y might be r5d]'d fit = ?is purpose1 !y are made broad at t ,extremity1 :i* /&s out ( ! ,gums1 by :i* means !y reta9 "s ,quantity ( ! ,food betwe5 !m e "t ! l[] ,jaw is pull$ up & =c'd aga9/ ! ,maxilla sup]ior4 ,& z !y are broad1 s !y are =m$ ) ,inequalities & ,protub]ances2 & by ! motion ( ! l[] ,jaw1 f "o side t[>ds ! o!r1 !y gr9d :at !y h betwe5 !m into pieces4 ,! ,position ( ^! ,tee? too is z conv5i5t z t ( ! ,incisores1 & ! ,d5tes ,can9i3 ,= be+ design'd to break ^? pieces ( our solid ,food1 :i* are tak5 into ! ,m\?1 & ^! pieces1 :5 !y are compress'd1 & mov'd by ! ,d5tes ,mol>es1 be+ apt to fly out ( ! ,m\?1 if !re 7 no ,contrivance to prev5t x1 !y are plac$ beyond ! ,ap]ture ( ! ,m\?1 & opposite to ! ,*eeks1 :i* keep ! ,food )9 t ,cavity1 & n only s1 b press x 9 betwe5 ! ,d5tes ,mol>es on "o side1 z ! ,tongue does on ! o!r1 until !y h suffici5tly brok5 & divid$ x4 ,at ! same "t1 :il/ ! ,d5tes ,mol>es are break+ ! ,food1 !re fl[s into ! ,m\? a ,salival ,juice1 :i* mixes ) x1 & n only s]ves to moi/5 x1 & to r5d] x m apt & easie to be divid$1 b seems to be ! ,f]m5t1 by ! ,b5efit ( :i* ! ,food is dissolv$ & dige/$4 ,& !re=e x is intimately mix$ ) x1 by ! ,tee? agitat+ or /irr+ !m toge!r 9 ,ma/ication4 ,?is ,liquor1 :i* we commonly call ! ,saliva1 or ,spittle1 seems to be a ,composition made ( two sev]al ,juices1 v diff]5t 9 _! ,nature3 ,& !re=e ! sev]al ,p>ts ( x are sep>at$ by _! prop] ,gl&s1 & ,nature has plant$ no few] ?an f\r ,pair ab\t ! ,m\?1 :i* supply ! ,juices t make ! ,saliva2 to wit1 ! ,p>otides1 & ! ,gl&ul ,nuckian1 ! ,gl&ul ,maxill>es int]n1 & ,subl+uales4 ,:]eas if ! ,saliva 7 b "o m simple ,liquor1 a less numb] ( ,gl&s might h be5 suffici5t4 ,at lea/ !re appe>s no ,reason :y "o ( e ,pair %\ld disembogue itself into ! ,m\? s v ne> to ! ,orifice1 by :i* a ,gl& ( "s o!r ,pair ?r[s 9 its ,juice2 & !y are n r all plant$ at m equal di/ances f "o ano!r1 s to fl[ 9 ^u e "p ( ! ,alim5t at ! same "t4 ,n t ,i suppose1 z !re are f\r ,pair ( salivatory ,gl&s1 s !re are f\r sorts ( ,juices supply'd f !m1 to make ! ,saliva2 b1 z ,i h9t$ be=e1 t !re are only two diff]5t ,juices t con/itute x4 ,& ^! are n only suffici5t1 b m prop] to excite & secure t ,f]m5tation1 :i* is necess>y to ,concoction4 ,= we f9d t mo/ ( ^? ,f]m5tations1 :i* arise ^u ,mixtures made = ,exp]im5ts1 are produc$ f ! mixture ( two ?+s2 & x is n s easie to f9d out ?ree or f\r su* ,liquors ( a diff]5t ,nature1 z w1 ^u ! mixtion ( !m all1 produce a ,f]m5tation1 & f ! omission ( any "o ( !m discov] no ,discord or ,disposition to f]m5t3 ,besides1 x is c]ta9 t two d bett] secure ! ,end1 :i* ,nature designs4 ,=1 if !re 7 ?ree or f\r diff]5t ,juices1 ( :i* ! ,saliva naturally consi/s1 ^! mu/ all h _! prop] ,qualities pres]v$ to !m1 or else ! ,f]m5tation1 :i* %\ld arise betwe5 !m1 w n necess>ily foll[ ^u _! mixture2 & x is c]ta91 t !re w\ld be m ,dang]1 t "o ( ?ree or f\r %\ld be depriv$ ( its ,natural ,quality1 ?an "o ( two4 ,:at ,nature ^! two ,juices are (1 ,i d n pret5d positively to det]m9e2 b s f> z ,i h be5 able to make my ,conjectures ab\t x f ,exp]im5ts1 ,i d ?9k "o ( !m to be an acid ,juice2 ! o!r an oleag9\s ,liquor1 some?+ l ,oil ( ,turp5t9e4 ,= among/ ! _m ,exp]im5ts ,i h made1 !re 0 no "o t gave me s mu* ,satisfaction1 z t :i* ,i made ) ,oil ( ,turp5t9e1 & ,oil ( ,vitriol1 ?\gh ,i try'd sev]al o!r ?+s1 t w produce a ,f]m5tation ^u _! ,mixture4 ,& x 0 = ?is ,reason1 t ,i made ! ,exp]im5t ) ,oil ( ,turp5t9e & ! o!r ,oil4 ,i took a piece ( raw ,fle%1 & hav+ cut x into pieces1 b mu* l>g] ?an :at our m solid ,food is r$uc'd to by due ,ma/ication1 ,i mix'd "s ,crums ( ,bread ) x1 !n ,i p\r'd 9 ! ,oil ( ,turp5t9e to !m1 & ^u t ! ,oil ( ,vitriol2 & hav+ %ak'd !m toge!r1 ,i dige/$ !m ab\t f\r ,h\rs 9 ,balneo ,m>i1 & !n %ak+ !m aga9 9 ! ,glass1 ,i f\nd ! ,meat dissolv'd1 & !y all became a ?icki% ,pulp4 ,i c\ld n b take notice1 t ,oil ( ,camphire 7?\gh x does n o!rwise seem mu* diff]5t 9 its ,nature f ,oil ( ,turp5t9e7 & ,oil ( ,vitriol1 :i* ^u mixture w produce an ,eff]vesc5ce z well z ! ,oil ( ,turp5t9e & ,oil ( ,vitriol1 yet did n t\* ! ,meat1 ^u :i* ,i p\r$ !m1 s z 9 ! lea/ to dissolve !m4 ,i _c d5y b t an ,acid1 & a ,solution ( ,salt ( ,t>t>1 did dissolve "s "p ( ! ,fle%-meat1 :i* ,i mix'd !m )1 b yet nei!r s soon1 nor s p]fectly z ! two =em5tion$ ,oils4 ,& ,i d ! r ?9k "o ( ^? ,juices1 :i* con/itute ! ,saliva1 to be ( ! ,nature ( ,oil ( ,turp5t9e1 ?an ( a fix'd ,salt1 because x w correct & temp] ev5 ,oil ( ,vitriol1 s z to r5d] x m tol]able to ! ,fibres ( ! ,/oma*4 ,n t ,i suppose ! acid "p ( ! ,saliva to come ne> to ! ,acidity ( ,oil ( ,vitriol4 ,= ?\gh1 :5 !y are mix'd1 !y w make a ,liquor t may n be injuri\s to ! ,/oma*2 yet ! acid ,juice1 if x 7 s corrosive z ,oil ( ,vitriol1 w\ld c]ta9ly be injuri\s & pa9ful to ! ,salivatory ,ducts1 :i* convey x to ! ,m\? be=e x is mix'd ) ! oleag9\s ,liquor4 ,b ,i only say x is an ,acid1 & 9 "s degree approa*es to ! ,nature ( t ,oil4 ,& ,nature1 :i* c mu* bett] adapt sev]al ,causes = ! ,production ( su* an ,effect ?an ,art1 may atta9 h] ,end by a m temp]ate ,acid2 ?\gh1 at ! same "t1 we may be able to make "s probable & true ,conjectures ab\t ! ,nature ( ^? ,causes f ,exp]im5ts4 ,x be+ mo/ reasonable to suppose1 t !re are b two sorts ( ,juices1 ( a diff]5t ,quality1 t make ! ,saliva1 ,i d conceive1 t f\r ( ! eight ,salivatory ,gl&s1 or two ,pair ( ! f\r1 d supply "o ( ^! ,juices1 & ! o!r f\r ,gl&s ! o!r4 ,& ?is seems to be a v good ,reason1 :y !y are s plant$1 & ! ,orifice ( _! ,ducts s ord]'d1 t ! ,juice1 :i* is supply'd by "o ,gl&1 is dis*>g'd into ! ,m\?1 v ne> to ! ,orifice1 by :i* ! ,juice ( a diff]5t ,nature is transmitt$ f ano!r1 s t !y mu/ necess>ily meet & mix toge!r4 ,?us ! ,gl&ul ,nuckian1 & ,p>otides1 ?r[ 9 two diff]5t ,juices by ,orifices1 :i* op5 into ! ,m\? v ne> to "o ano!r2 & ! ,gl&ul ,maxill>es int]n1 & ,subl+uales1 d bel[ supply ! same k9d ( ,juices by ,orifices1 t op5 s ne> to "o ano!r z to secure ! mixture ( ! two diff]5t ,juices4 ,^! ,gl&s1 ,i say1 d betwe5 !m af=d two div]s sorts ( ,liquors1 ( su* a ,nature z are apt to f]m5t ^u _! fir/ ,mixture1 b p]haps m consid]ably :5 !y come to be dige/$ by ! ,heat ( ! ,/oma*4 ,s t ! ,colluctation1 or ,f]m5tation1 :i* att5uates & concocts ! ,food 9 ! ,/oma*1 does n ord9>ily arise betwe5 ! ,alim5t & ! ,saliva1 b betwe5 ! sev]al ,p>ts ( ! ,saliva x self4 ,& inde$1 if ! ,saliva did n consi/ ( two ,juices1 ^: ,nature is 9 su* a mann] diff]5t1 z to r5d] !m apt to f]m5t ^u _! mixture1 x w\ld be v h>d to conceive h[ x %\ld s readily & indiff]5tly s]ve = ! ,dige/ion ( all ,eatables2 h[ x %\ld f]m5t )1 & dissolve s great a v>iety ( ,?+s1 n only ( a diff]5t1 b ( a contr>y ,nature2 h[ x %\ld f]m5t ) ,acids z well z ,alkalies1 dige/ ?+s t are cold1 z well z hot or temp]ate2 "s ?+s t are salt1 o!rs t are insipid1 bitt] & sweet1 mucilag9\s1 oily1 c4 ,b if we suppose1 t ! ,f]m5tation1 :i* s]ves = ! ,dige/ion ( ! ,food1 arises f a peculi> diff]5ce 9 ! ,nature ( two ,juices1 :i* con/itute ! ,saliva1 x w be easie to give a rational ,acc\nt ( our ,concoction ( innum]able ?+s ( a diff]5t ,nature4 ,& ?is seems to be z effectual1 & a m c]ta9 way to att5uate & dissolve ! gross] ,p>ts ( our ,food1 ?an if ! ,f]m5tation 7 made only betwe5 ! ,saliva & ! ,alim5t3 ,besides1 ! ,saliva seems to discov] a ,f]m5tation ^u ! mixture ( its con/itu5t ,juices1 ev5 at ^? times :5 we d n actually eat2 = x is always att5d$ ) ,bubbles1 & a ,fro?1 :5 x has n be5 at all agitat$ 9 ! ,m\?1 & _m ( ^? ,bubbles w rema9 = "s consid]able "t aft] we h spit x out4 ,nature !re=e hav+ appo9t$ ! ,saliva = ! dige/ion ( ! ,food1 has tak5 c>e t x %all be ?r[n 9 ^u ! ,alim5t on e side4 ,?us ! ,gl&ul ,nuckian1 & ! ,p>otides1 supply _! ,juices to t "p ( ! ,food1 :i* lies on ! outside ( ! ,gums1 betwe5 ! ,*eeks & ! ,tee?1 & ! ,gl&ul ,maxill>es int]n1 & ,subl+uales1 d be/[ _! ,liquor ^u ! ,meat1 :i* is )9 ! ,tee? & ,gums4 ,nei!r has %e _h a ,reg>d only to t ,supply1 :i* is due to all ! p>ts ( our ,food1 b likewise to ! mixture ( ! two diff]5t ,juices ( ! ,saliva1 :i* is necess>y to its ,f]m5tation4 ,& !re=e1 z ,i h already obs]v'd1 ! ,orifices ( ! ,ducts1 :i* belong to "o sort ( ,gl&s1 are plac$ ne> ! ,ap]ture ( a ,duct1 :i* conveys a ,juice f "o ( ! o!r ,gl&s4 ,s ! ,ducts ( ! ,gl&ul ,nuckian1 & ! ,ductus ,/5oniani1 d on ea* side op5 into ! ,m\?1 ne> "o ano!r2 & ! salivatory ,ducts ( ! ,gl&ul ,subl+uales1 & ! ,maxill>es int]n1 ?\gh !y h di/9ct ,orifices1 empty !mselves "u ! same ,papill1 & ! ,juices1 :i* are supply'd by !m1 meet !re1 & fl[ into ! ,m\? toge!r4 ,! sev]al ,p>ts ( ! ,saliva be+ dis*>g'd into ! ,m\? 9 su* a mann] z to meet & beg9 a ,f]m5tation1 ! ,saliva does1 p>tly z x is agitat$1 ) ! ,food by ! ,tee?1 & "s o!r p>ts ( ! ,m\?2 p>tly by its own ,fluidity1 ins9uate x self into1 & mixes ) ! ,food1 & n only moi/5s & s(t5s x1 b excites ! ,f]m5tation1 :i* is to dissolve x4 ,& :5 ! ,alim5t is ?us mix'd ) ! ,saliva1 :i* s]ves to f]m5t ! :ole ,mass1 x is !n to be convey'd into ! ,/oma*1 t great dige/ive ,vessel ( ! ,body1 :]e ! ,f]m5tation is n only cont9u$1 b improv$4 ,! ,n\ri%m5t be+ convey'd into ! ,cavity ( ! ,/oma*1 is !re kept = "s "t 9 a dige/ive ,heat1 all :i* "t x is "u a ,f]m5tation1 produc'd by ! diff]5t ,p>ts or ,juices ( ! ,saliva1 :i* are mix'd ) x2 :i* ,f]m5tation does fir/ agitate ! m t5ui\s or subtil p>ts ( ! ,food1 & puts !m into motion1 & s ) ! ,f]m5tation ( its own1 & ^? ,alim5t>y ,p>ts1 :i* x fir/ communicates a ,motion to1 improv$ by ! ,heat ( ! ,/oma*1 ! ,saliva mu/ necess>ily act ^u ! gross] ,p>ts4 ,= ! inte/9e ,motion1 :i* is excit$ 9 ! ,mass1 does n give ! ,p>ticles1 :i* are f]m5t$1 ! same ,t5d5cy1 b :at is s v>i\s & confus'd1 t !y mu/ inevitably /rike n only "o aga9/ ano!r1 b aga9/ ^? :i* are m gross1 s z to att5uate !m1 sometimes by a ,collision1 :i* /rikes (f small] ,p>ticles f ! l>g] ,p>ts2 sometimes by a ,compression1 :5 ! ,p>ticles :i* are 9 ,motion1 happ5 to /rike directly aga9/ any gross] ,"p1 on e side ( x1 sometimes by a k9d ( ,explosion4 ,= )\t d\bt ! ,saliva1 :i* is fluid1 ins9uates x self into ! ,int]/ices ( ! m crass ,p>ts ( ! ,alim5t1 & :atev] is agitat$ & exp&$ 9 ^? ,int]/ices1 requir+ a l>g] space = ! ,fre$om ( its ,motion1 & (f]+ a ,viol5ce to e ?+ t opposes its ,t5d5cy1 w1 l ,gun-p[d] includ$ 9 a ,%ell1 =ce its way out1 & te> to pieces t ,matt]1 :i* does endeav\r to conf9e x4 ,?us ! gross] ,p>ts are brok5 & divid$1 until !y are at la/ s f> att5uat$ z to mix m equally ) ! ,fluid1 & ) !m to make "o ,pulp or ,*yl\s ,mass4 ,& al?\gh ,i d n appreh5d h[ ! ,/oma* %\ld by its reciprocal ,motions 9 ,inspiration & ,expiration1 be able to break & att5uate any ,matt]1 t w n be s(tn$ & dissolv$ by ,agitation 9 a ,liquid2 yet x is c]ta9 t ^! ,motions1 caus$ by ! ,diaphragm & ,abdom9al ,muscles 9 ,respiration1 d make ^? ,p>ts1 :i* are brok5 (f1 z !y are dissolv'd1 mix intimately ) ! m ,liquid2 z ! ,meat :i* ,i dige/$ ) ,oil ( ,turp5t9e1 & ,oil ( ,vitriol1 did by ,agitation mix m equally ) ! ,oils1 & became a ,pulpam5t4 ,z ! ,juices1 :i* con/itute ! ,saliva1 d f]m5t ^u _! mixture1 s x is probable1 t f _! ,mixture & ,f]m5tation !re results su* a ,t]tium quid1 z is apt to f]m5t ) ! ,bile4 ,& !re=e1 :5 ! ,alim5t has be5 "u ! ,f]m5tation1 excit$ by ! ,saliva1 a suffici5t "t1 x is !n ?r[n into ! ,duod5um1 :]e x meets ) ! bili\s ,juice1 :i* fl[s into t ,inte/9e f ! ,liv]1 f :i* a new ,f]m5tation seems to beg92 & ! ,commotion ( ! ,p>ts ( ! ,alim5t be+ /ill cont9u$1 does c>ry on ! ,bus9ess ( ,dige/ion until ! ,food is p]fectly concoct$3 ,?\gh x is probable1 t ?is new ,f]m5tation s]ves n only = ! m p]fect ,dige/ion ( ! ,food1 b likewise = ! ,sep>ation ( ! ,*yle f ! fecul5t ,p>ts4 ,nei!r d ,i by a r&om ,guess1 & an ungr\nd$ ,conjecture1 suppose t f ! ,mixture & ,f]m5tation ( ! two ,juices1 :i* con/itute ! ,saliva1 !re results a ,matt]1 :i* is apt to f]m5t ) ! ,bile4 ,b to me ! ,notion seem'd to be confirm$ by an ,exp]im5t t ,i made4 ,= consid]+ ) my self1 t ! ,bile is g5]ally all['d to h mu* ( a sapon>y ,nature1 ,i made a ,solution ( ,soap 9 fair ,wat]1 & mix'd x ) ! ,oils ( ,turp5t9e & ,vitriol fir/ put toge!r1 & f _! ,mixture ,i obs]v'd a v easie & g5tle ,f]m5tation1 :i* cont9u$ = a consid]able "t4 ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ "s ,influ5ce ( ,respiration on ! ,motion ( ! ,he>t1 hi!rto unobs]v$4 ,by ,j4 ,drake1 ,m4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,?o' div]s accurate ,treatises ( ! ,he>t1 & its ,action1 h be5 writt5 by ,le>n$ ,m5 ( sev]al ,nations1 especially by two ( our own ,c\ntry2 ! ,great ,dr4 ,h>vey1 to ^: happy ,sagacity ?is ,nation owes ! ,glory ( ! ,inv5tion ( ! ,circulation ( ! ,blood2 & ! incomp>able ,dr4 ,l[]1 to :om we are behold5 = a compleat ,display ( ! ,me*anical ,/ructure ( ! ,he>t1 & a mo/ +5i\s ,rationale ( its ,action4 ,yet !re rema9 sev]al ,d\bts & ,difficulties ab\t x 79 my ,op9ion7 n suffici5tly acc\nt$ =2 t[>ds ! resolv+ "s ( :i*1 ,i %all (f] :at my own ,?\ghts h sugge/$ to me1 & leave x to ! ,consid]ation ( ! ,read]4 ,! ,le>n$ ,dr4 ,l[] 7^: accurate ,piece on ?is ,argum5t w insure 8 ,reputation s long z ,physical ,k %all la/ 9 e/eem7 has s well acc\nt$ = ! ,sy/ole1 or ,contraction ( ! ,he>t1 f ! ,me*anical ,/ructure ( x1 t he seems almo/ to h exhau/$ ! ,subject2 & _h he be5 z happy 9 discov]+ ! true cause ( ! ,dia/ole1 he _h left little room = ! ,indu/ry & ,sagacity ( o!rs ab\t ?is ,viscus4 ,b hav+ judici\sly & solidly expla9'd ! ,sy/ole1 he cont5ts himself to ascribe ! ,dia/ole to a motion ( ,re/itution1 :i* acc\nt gives me no ,satisfaction3 ,because ! ,sy/ole be+ ! prop]1 & 7z himself confesses7 ! only motion ( ! ,he>t1 a ,/ate ( ,contraction seems to be ! natural ,/ate1 & consequ5tly )\t ,ext]nal ,viol5ce1 x %\'d h no ,dia/ole at all4 ,?is w appe> m pla91 if we consid] ! ,circum/ances ( x1 & its ,motion1 z a ,muscle1 ) respect to o!r ,muscles4 ,t ,contraction is ! prop] ,action1 & ,/ate ( all ,muscles1 is evid5t f ,exp]i5ce ( ,fact1 z well z ,reason4 ,=1 if any ,muscle be fre$ f ! p[] ( its ,antagoni/1 x is imm$iately contract$1 & is n by any ,action ( ! ,w1 or ,spirits1 to be r$uc$ to a ,/ate ( ,dilatation4 ,?us1 if ! ,musculi ,flexores ( any ,jo9t be divid$1 ! ,ext5sores ( t ,jo9t be+ by t means free'd f ! contr>y ,action ( _! ,antagoni/s1 t ,jo9t is imm$iately ext5d$ )\t any cons5t ( ! ,w1 & 9 t ,/ate x rema9s2 & s ,vice v]sa1 if ! ,ext5sores be divid$4 ,f :5ce x is pla91 t ! ,muscles h no re/itutive ,motion1 b :at !y d]ive f ! ,action ( _! ,antagoni/s1 by :i* !y are balanc'd4 ,?us likewise ! ,sph9ct]s ( ! ,gula1 ,anus & ,vesica1 hav+ no prop] ,antagoni/s1 are always 9 a ,/ate ( ,contraction1 & suff] no?+ to pass !m1 b :at is =c$ ?r\gh !m by ! contr>y ,action ( "s /rong] ,muscles1 :i*1 ?\gh n prop]ly to be call'd ,antagoni/s1 yet on all necess>y ,occasions p]=m ! ,(fice ( su*4 ,t ! ,he>t is a ,muscle1 furni%'d & in/ruct$ = ,motion l o!r ,muscles1 is 79 my ,op9ion at lea/7 demon/rat$ beyond ,contradiction by ,dr4 ,l[] & o!rs4 ,&1 z x is a ,solit>y ,muscle )\t any prop] ,antagoni/1 & n directly "u ! p[] ( ! ,w1 nor ex]cis+ ,volunt>y ,motion1 x approa*es ne>e/ to ! ,sph9ct] k9d1 :i* only has ^! ,conditions 9 common ) x4 ,b 9 con/ant & regul> ,alt]nations ( ,contraction & ,dilatation1 x diff]s exce$+ly f all ! ,muscles ( ! ,body4 ,?is reciprocal /us ( ! ,he>t has giv5 ! ,le>n$ abundance ( tr\ble2 :o1 f9d+ no?+ peculi> 9 ! ,/ructure1 :i* %\'d necess>ily occasion x1 nor any ,antagoni/1 ^: re-action %\ld produce x1 h be5 extreamly p]plex'd to f9d out ! cause ( x4 ,b pass+ ov] ! v>i\s ,op9ions ( ,au?ors1 to avoid be+ t$i\s1 ,i %all take notice "h only ( ! v ,le>n$ ,dr4 ,l[]'s1 9 ^: ,acc\nt ( ! ,sy/ole1 h[ev] solid & +5i\s1 ,i obs]ve some?+ defici5t1 & ^: ,hypo!sis ( ! ,dia/ole ,i ?9k to be prec>i\s & false4 ,?is ,excell5t ,au?or1 hav+ by s\nd ,argum5ts drawn f ! ,/ructure & ,me*anism ( ! ,he>t1 e/abli%'d ! ,c]ta9ty ( its ,muscul> ,motion1 re/s satisfi$1 )\t tak+ notice ( any ,assi/ance1 t ! ,he>t receives f any o!r ,"p1 except f ! ,bra91 by ! means ( ! eight pair ( ,n]ves4 ,sid5ote3 ,"p #b;d4 ,prop4 #fg4 ,prop4 #gc4 ,sid5ote3 ,prop4 #gf4 ,! ,accurate ,borellus1 9 8 ,oeconomia ,animalis1 computes ! ,motive ,p[] ( ! ,ma*9e ( ! ,he>t to be equal to1 or to surm\nt t ( a ,weight ( #cjjjl4 ,! ,ob/acles to ! ,motion ( ! ,blood ?ro' ! ,art]ies he e/eems equival5t to #ahj1jjjl4 :i* is #fj times z mu* z he rates ! ,=ce ( ! ,he>t at4 ,!n d$uct+ #de1jjjl4 = ! adv5titi\s ,help ( ! ,muscul> ,ela/ic ,coat ( ! ,art]ies1 he leaves ! ,he>t ) a ,=ce ( #c1jjjl4 to ov]come a resi/ance ( #ace1jjjl4 t is1 ) #a1 to remove #de4 ,?is /up5d\s ,effect he cont5ts himself to ascribe to ! ,en]gy ( ,p]cussion4 ,b1 _h he proce$$ 9 8 ,calculation to ! ,ve9s1 :i* he all[s to conta9 con/antly a quantity ( ,blood1 quadruple to ! ,cont5ts ( ! ,art]ies1 & to :i* ?is ,en]gy ( ,p]cussion does ei!r n rea* at all1 or b v languidly1 he might probably h se5 a necessity = "s o!r ,exp$i5t to remove s insup]able a ,difficulty4 ,b n to insi/ rigor\sly on ! ,exactness ( ?is ,calculation1 7?\gh ! great ,abilities ( ! ,au?or 9 ?is way1 & 8 ,+5uity & ,mode/y1 are a suffici5t ,w>rant = ! ,accuracy ( 8 ,computations1 & ! ,fidelity ( 8 ,acc\nts7 we may all[ a mu* great] ,d$uction1 ?an w\ld be ju/ifiable1 )\t less5+ ! ,difficulty4 ,b ?is ,acc\nt ,i h tak5 notice ( purely = ! sake ( ! ,calculation1 :i* may be ( use 9 ! ,sequel2 ! acc\nt x self be+ 9 o!r respects m defective ?an ,dr4 ,l[]'s1 to :i* we w return4 ,! ,doctor1 not)/&+ 8 great ,sagacity1 appe>s 7to me7 to h ov]look'd some?+ ( v great mom5t1 & importance 9 ! explication ( ! ,action ( ! ,he>t4 ,=1 ?o' x %\ld be grant$1 t ! ,muscul> ,fibres ( ! ,he>t act$ by ! ,n]ves1 are ! imm$iate ,in/rum5ts ( its ,con/riction or ,sy/ole1 yet x mu/ n be d5i$1 t ! ,int]co/al ,muscles & ,diaphragm are ( great s]vice to aid & facilitate ?is ,contraction1 by op5+ a ,passage = ! ,blood ?r\gh ! ,lungs1 :i* d5i$ w\ld be an inv9cible ,ob/acle4 ,nei!r d !y promote x t way only4 ,! mann] h[ !y f>!r assi/ ! ,he>t 9 its ,contraction1 w appe> manife/ly1 if we consid] ! diff]5t ,po/ure1 ,situation1 & ,capacity ( ! ,blood-,vessels ( ! ,lungs 9 ! sev]al times ( ,elevation & ,depression ( ! ,co/4 ,! ,pulmon>y ,art]y rises f ! "r ,v5tricle ( ! ,he>t1 & runs 9 "o ,trunk1 till x comes to ! ,asp]a ,art]ia1 :]e x is divid$1 & s5ds a ,bran* along ) ea* ,division ( ! ,asp]a ,art]ia1 accord+ to all ! m9ute/ ,subdivisions1 ( :i* x is likewise subdivid$1 accompany+ all ! ,bron*i1 9 _! :ole progress ?r\gh ! ,lungs4 ,! ,pulmon>y ,ve91 :i* empties itself into ! ,left ,v5tricle ( ! ,he>t1 spreads x self on ! ,asp]a ,art]ia & ,bron*i1 9 ! same mann] t ! ,art]y does4 ,! necess>y conflu5ce ( ?is ,disposition if1 t ?is ,art]y & ,ve9 be+ co-ext5d$ )1 & fa/5'd to ! ,bron*i1 mu/ ne$s suff] su* alt]ation ( ,sup]ficial ,dim5sions1 z ! ,bron*i d 9 ! ,elevation or ,depression ( ! ,co/4 ,:ile ! ,ribs are 9 a ,/ate ( ,depression 7:e!r be=e ,comm]ce ) ! ,ext]nal ,air or aft]7 ! ,annul> ,c>tilages ( ! ,bron*i %r9k "o into ano!r1 & by t means _! ,dim5sions are exce$+ly contract$4 ,9 con=mity to ?is condition ( ! ,bron*i1 ! ,pulmon>y ,art]y & ,ve9 mu/ likewise1 ei!r by means ( _! ,muscul> ,coats1 contract !mselves to ! same ,dim5sions1 or lye 9 ,folds or ,corrugations1 :i* is less probable4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :5 ! ,ribs are elevat$1 & ! ,diaphragm be>s d[nw>d1 ! ,air ru%+ into ! ,lungs1 %oots out ! ,c>tilag9\s ,r+s1 & div>icates ! ,bran*es ( ! ,tra*ea1 & by !m ext5ds & div>icates ! sev]al ,divisions ( ! ,pulmon>y ,art]y & ,ve9s1 & !reby l5g!ns & enl>ges _! ,cavities4 ,?is enl>gem5t ( _! ,cavities is v consid]able1 n only ^u ! score ( ! addition1 :i* !y receive 9 l5g? !reby1 b also ^u ! acc\nt ( _! ,div>ication4 ,= :]eas1 :5 ! ,ribs are depress'd1 & ! ,lungs subside1 ! ,blood-vessels are n only contract$1 7z ,i h already obs]v'd7 b _! ,bran*es1 :i* are exce$+ num]\s1 approa* "o ano!r1 & lie 9 juxta-position1 by :i* _! ,cavities are v mu* compress'd & /reight5'd3 ,:5 ! ,ribs are elevat$1 & ! ,lungs turgid ) ,air1 n only ! ,fibres1 by :i* _! ,coats 9 ! opposite /ate 7 contract$1 are ext5d$2 b ^? innum]able ,vessels1 :i* ly+ be=e 9 l9es almo/ p>allel ^u "o ano!r1 compress'd "o ano!r1 mak+ an acute ,angle at _! ,junctures1 are div>icat$ & sep>at$ f ea* o!r1 & make an obtuse1 :]eby _! ,*annels are wid5$4 ,?us a passage is op5'd to ! ,blood1 f ! ,"r ,v5tricle ( ! ,he>t to ! ,left1 ?r\gh ! ,lungs1 to :i* x c\ld n o!rwise pass2 & ! opposition1 :i* ! ,blood conta9'd 9 t ,v5tricle1 mu/ o!rwise necess>ily h made to its ,con/riction1 is tak5 (f1 & ! ,sy/ole !reby facilitat$4 ,nor is t all4 ,= ! ,dia/ole be+ caus'd 7z ,i %all 9 ! ,sequel %ew7 by ! =ce ( ! ,blood ru%+ into ! ,v5tricles1 ?is ,ampliation & ,ext5sion ( ! ,pulmon>y ,art]y is a sort ( ,*eck or ,c\nt]poise to x1 & prev5ts an endeav\r t[>ds two contr>y ,actions at once1 :i* mu/ necess>ily fru/rate bo?4 ,= ! ,he>t be+ a ,spr+y1 ,compressible ,body1 ^: prop] ,action1 :i* is ,contraction1 dep5ds on ! influx ( c]ta9 ,fluids into its ,fib]s1 or ,sub/ance2 & conta9+ besides a ,fluid 9 its ,v5tricles1 or great ,cavities1 9 "o ( :i* is ! ,m\? ( ?is ,art]y1 ! action ( ?is ,vessel mu/ 9 great measure resemble t ( a ,syr+e1 ^: extremity is imm]s'd 9 ,wat]1 ! ,enl>gem5t or ,expansion ( ! ,*anels ( ! ,art]y answ]+ ! draw+ ( ! ,embolum1 z ! con/rictive motion ( ! ,muscle ( ! ,he>t does ! pressure ( ! ,atmosph]e ^u ! ,surface ( ! ,wat]1 ! "o mak+ way = ! fluid1 & ! o!r =c+ x to foll[1 :]e ! resi/ance is lea/4 ,9 ?is ,s5se we may all[ a sort ( ,attraction to ! ,pulmon>y-,art]y1 dep5d+ :olly ^u ! ,action ( ! ,int]co/al ,muscles & ,diaphragm1 :i* we mu/ !re=e confess to be v s]viceable & in/rum5tal 9 promot+ ! ,sy/ole ( ! ,he>t4 ,b if ! ,le>n$ ,au?or be defici5t 9 8 ,acc\nt ( ! ,sy/ole2 t is1 if he has n obs]v'd all ! ,me*anism & ,contrivance ( ,nature = ! ,contraction ( ! ,he>t2 mu* less suffici5tly has he acc\nt$ = ! ,dia/ole1 or ,dilatation ( x1 :i* he ascribes to a motion ( ,re/itution ( ! ov]-/ra9'd ,fibres1 :i* yet he confesses are made = ,con/riction only4 ',tis true1 he imm$iately aft] jo9s ! ,influx ( ! ,blood z a concurr5t ,cause2 b f ! slight notice t he takes ( x1 'tis pla91 t he did n s mu* z dream ( any great %>e x _h 9 t ,action4 ,8 ,words are ^!3 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,corde1 ,pag4 #ge4 ,qu9 7ut obit] hoc moneam7 omnis motus contractione p]ficiatur1 ,cordis ,fibr ad con/rictionem solum fact s9t1 app>et quoque ,cordis motum totum 9 ,sy/ole positum esse2 cumque ,fibr ultra tonum suum 9 omni con/rictione eius t5dantur1 idcirco ubi nixus i/e absolvitur1 motu quasi re/itutionis ,cor it]um relaxatur1 sangu9e ,v5is influ5te rursus di/5ditur2 nullo enim cordis motu1 nisi t5sionem suam remitt5te1 ab irru5te sangu9e ,dia/ole ejus libratis adeo viribus succ$it4 ,i h transcrib'd ! intire ,p>agraph1 because x conta9s 8 :ole ,hypo!sis ( ! ,dia/ole1 & all ! notice t he takes ( x ?r\gh 8 :ole ,"w4 ,b h[ sl5d] soev] ?is may prove1 x is ! mo/ sub/antial t ,i h any :]e met )1 except a late "o ( ,mr4 ,c[p]1 :i* is prop]ly an ,improvem5t ( ?is1 & %all be consid]'d 9 ! ,sequel4 ,b if ,contraction be ! sole ,action ( ^! ,fibres 7z ?is ,great ,man confesses x to be7 & z inde$ x is ( all ,muscul> ,fibres1 ,i wond] h[ s judici\s a ,writ] came to slip into su* an ,absurdity1 z to call _! ,di/5tion 7vulg>ly b improp]ly call'd ,relaxation7 a ,motion ( ,re/itution4 ,= f ! ,nature ( ^? ,fibres1 & _! disposition 9 ! ,/ructure ( ! ,he>t1 ! natural ,/ate ( ! ,he>t appe>s manife/ly to be ,tonical1 & its ,dilatation a ,/ate ( ,viol5ce2 & consequ5tly1 ! ,con/riction is ! true motion ( ,re/itution1 & ! ,/ate to :i* x w spontane\sly return1 :5 ! ,=ce is tak5 (f1 :i* is ! "w ( ! ,int]co/al ,muscles & ,diaphragm4 ,?us we are left /ill to seek = ! true ,cause ( ! ,dia/ole1 :i* seems to me to be ! ma9 & mo/ difficult ,phnom5on1 relat+ to ! ,he>t & ! ,circulation ( ! ,blood4 ,b 9 ,mr4 ,c[p]'s +5i\s ,introduction to 8 ,anatomy ( ,humane ,bodies1 ,i f9d ! ,%>e :i* ,dr4 ,l[] h9ts ! ,blood to h 9 t ,action1 fur!r prosecut$1 & improv$ into ! ma9 ,in/rum5t ( ! ,dilatation ( ! ,he>t1 :]e9 ,i agree intirely ) him4 ,b z to ! mann]1 & reasons ( its be+ s v in/rum5tal1 ,i c't be s p]fectly ( 8 m9d4 ,! ,he>t 7says ?is accurate ,anatomi/7 ( an ,animal be>s a great ,analogy to ! ,p5dulums ( ^? ,artificial ,automata1 ,clocks & ,wat*es1 :il/ its motion is p]=m$ l t ( o!r ,muscles1 ! ,blood do+ ! ,(fice ( a ,pondus4 ,?is ,explication1 be+ b a ,simile )\t a di/9ct application to ,p>ticul>s1 is beside s v %ort1 t ,i c at be/ b give a conjecture at ! mean+2 :i* if ,i mi/ake1 ,i %all des]ve to be excus$1 & expect to be bett] in=m'd4 ,by ! ,bloods do+ ! ,(fice ( a ,pondus1 ,i suppose he means1 t ! ,blood contributes 9 ! same mann] to ! motion ( ! ,he>t1 z ! ,weights d to t ( ! ,p5dulum ( a ,clock4 ,if s1 ! ,blood1 accord+ to him1 mu/ be ! ,in/rum5t ( ,con/riction2 & ,dilatation mu/ be ! ,natural ,/ate1 or ,spontane\s ,motion1 to :i* x w\'d1 :5 "u no viol5ce1 return2 ! contr>y ( :i*1 ,i presume1 w appe> e're ,i h done4 ,b if he means1 t ! ,blood 9 its reflux1 by gravitat+ on ! ,auricles & ,v5tricles1 dilates & exp&s 'em1 act+ !re9 z a ,c\nt]poise to its contractions z a ,muscle1 ,i c\'d wi% 8 ,design _h n b\nd him up to s n>r[ a compass1 & t he _h giv5 u an explication at l>ge ( s ab/ruse & s important a ,phnom5on3 ,because ! ,specifick ,gravity ( ! ,blood seems to me a cause by no means alone adequate to ! effect1 :i* x is "h suppos'd to produce4 ,=1 if ! ,blood acts only z a weight by me] gravitation1 !n t "p ( x only :i* desc5ds f ! ,p>ts above ! ,he>t c be employ'd 9 t ,action4 ,?is at ! l>ge/ computation c't am\nt to ,five p\nd weight1 & mu/1 accord+ to ! computation ( ,borellus1 =ce a ,ma*9e1 t is able to ov]come a resi/ance ( #ace1jjjl4 ,i leave e ,man to d$uct :at he %all ^u exam9ation f9d reasonably to be d$uct$1 & yet %all re/ secure1 t x is n to be effect$ 9 ! lea/ ) s small a ,weight4 ,b nei!r does ! ,reflu5t ,blood gravitate 9 any su* proportion1 z ,i h "h assign'd4 ,= to make a true e/imate ( its ,gravitation1 we mu/ consid] ! ,circum/ances ( ! ,liquor suppos'd to gravitate2 9 :i* x v mu* resembles ,wat] inclos'd 9 a recurve ,tube1 ( :i*1 if ! l5g? ( ! two ,legs be equal1 x may be susp5d$ 9 ! ,air full ( ,wat]1 ) ! ,extremities d[nw>ds1 )\t los+ a drop1 al?\gh ! ,diamet] ( ^? ,legs %\ld be v unequal4 ,! ,case ( ! ,art]ies & ,ve9s is pretty ne> a p>allel to a ,tube1 s fill'd & inv]t$4 ,=1 if ! ,art]ies & ,ve9s be cont9u$ ,tubes1 7z by ! ,microscope !y are made to appe>7 !n suppos+ _! cont5ts to h no o!r det]m9ation ( motion1 ?an _! own weight w\'d give !m1 ! conta9'd ,fluids mu/ be ,c\nt]poises to ea* o!r4 ,= ! ,ve9s & ,art]ies be+ jo9'd at ! small] ,extremities1 & ! l>g] ( bo? t]m9at+ 9 ! same p>allel ,l9e1 x is impossible1 accord+ to ! ,laws ( ,hydro/aticks1 t ! cont5ts ( ei!r %\'d ov]balance t'o!r4 ,h[ f> !n mu/ x fall %ort ( =c+ ! natural ,p[] & ,resi/ance ( s /rong a ,muscle z ! ,he>t1 by me] ,gravitation8 ,! ,blood inde$ has a ,progressive ,motion ?r\gh its ,vessels1 :]e9 x diff]s f ,wat]1 9 a recurve ,tube1 9 ! ,exp]im5t above-/at$4 ,b1 if ! natural ,gravitation ( ! ,blood contributes no?+ to ! ,dilatation ( ! ,he>t1 ?is progressive ,motion w n be f\nd mu* m suffici5t4 ,=1 z ?is ,motion is d]iv'd intirely f ! ,he>t's ,con/riction 7z all ,acc\nts hi!rto d]ive x7 c\'d ! ,blood be suppos'd to re-act ^u x by ! ,he>t1 ) all ! =ce fir/ impress'd ^u x by ! ,he>t1 x w\ld be insuffici5t1 unless we w suppose ! ,=ce communicat$ to be sup]i\r to ! ,p[] ,communicant1 :i* is absurd4 ,b :5 ! j & necess>y ,d$uctions = ! ,imp$im5ts1 :i* ! ,blood meets ) 9 its ,progress ?r\gh ! ,vessels1 %all be made1 ! rema9+ ,=ce w be f\nd s exce$+ weak1 t to prop ! ,blood ?r\gh ! ,ve9s may be a task alone too great = s small a ,p[]1 )\t *>g+ x ) ! additional difficulty ( =c+ ! ,muscle ( ! ,he>t4 ,alphonsus ,borellus1 aft] a great deal ( solemn pa9s tak5 to %ew 8 ,c>e & ,exactness1 & to possess 8 ,read] ( ! ,tru? ( 8 ,calculations1 ca/s up ! =ce ( ! ,he>t1 & ! ,muscul> ,coat ( ! ,art]ies1 to be toge!r equal to a weight ( #c1gejl4 & allots !m a ,resi/ance equal to #ahj1jjjl4 to ov]come :i* is #de to #a4 ,to make up = a disproportion1 by 8 own confession1 incr$ible to ^? :o h n consid]'d ! ,matt] z he _h done1 he fl+s into ! ,scale ! additional ,=ce ( ,p]cussion1 :i* he leaves indef9ite1 & ?9ks suffici5t to =ce any quiesc5t f9ite ,resi/ance :atsoev]4 ,b z ?is ,acc\nt & ,hypo!sis are "p ( a ,po/hum\s ,"w 7if a lib]ty ( ,conjecture may be all['d 9 s unc]ta9 a ,matt]17 ,i %\'d suspect1 t ^! ,pap]s 7 left unf9i%'d by ,borellus2 or at lea/1 t 9 _m places ! la/ ,h& 0 nev] put to !m4 ,= nei!r 9 ?is ,place1 nor any o!r ( ?is ,"w1 does he acc\nt = any m ?an ! ,sy/ole ( ! ,he>t1 & ! resi/ance :i* is made to ! progressive motion ( ! ,blood 9 ! ,art]ies only4 ,?is alone he f\nd to exce$ ! ,p[] ( ! ,he>t s prodigi\sly1 t he seems to %uffle x (f 8 ,h&s ) a g5]al & prec>i\s ,solution1 z a difficulty t he 0 desir\s to be rid (4 ,=1 hav+ ascrib'd ?is /up5d\s 7z he himself calls x7 effect to ! ,en]gy ( ,p]cussion1 he takes no c>e to satisfie 8 ,read] any f>!r ab\t x1 or to ref] him1 or give him ! expectation ( ,satisfaction any :]e else2 al?\gh he has an express ,treatise on ! ,=ce ( ,p]cussion1 :i* 0 writt5 prep>atory to ?is1 & to :i* he frequ5tly ref]s 9 o!r ,places ( ?is ,"w4 ,b :at confirms my suspicion1 t ?is "p 0 int5d$ = a f>!r ,revise by ! ,au?or1 is1 t he has left ! ,progress ( ! ,blood ?r\gh ! ,ve9s1 & ! ,dia/ole ( ! ,he>t1 absolutely unt\*'d1 ?o' !y are ,difficulties ( a mu* great] magnitude ?an ?is1 :i* he has attempt$ to acc\nt s slightly =3 ,=1 9 ^! he is exclud$ ! b5efit ( ,p]cussion1 & has yet a great] resi/ance to ov]come )\t x4 ,omissions ( ?is k9d are s unusual ) ?is ,au?or1 :]e-ev] he kn[s himself to g ^u sure gr\nds1 t x is to me an ,argum5t1 t he d\bt$ ! suffici5ce ( 8 ,p]cussion1 & res]v'd ^! important ,phnom5a = f>!r ,consid]ation1 )\t plung+ himself into su* an ,absurdity1 z to ascribe to ,p]cussion any su* ,en]gy z to be able 7s brok5 z x returns to ! ,he>t7 by its re-action to =ce t ,p[]1 f :5ce only x 0 at fir/ d]iv'd4 ,dr4 ,l[]1 & ,mr4 ,c[p]1 deliv] _! ,op9ions ( ! ,cause ( ! ,dilatation ( ! ,he>t s v %ort1 & )\t any ,argum5ts to support !m1 t by expos+ !m nak$1 !y seem r to disc\rse ( x transi5tly1 z ,m5 oblig'd by ! ,nature ( _! ,subjects to say some?+ ( x1 ?an solicit\s to give any full or satisfactory ,acc\nt2 & !re=e ,i %all proce$ no f>!r ^u !m "h4 ,b ?\gh ! ,hypo!sis ( ,borellus may1 9 ?is ,case1 be f\nd prec>i\s or insuffici5t 7a ,mis=tune t has befall5 him 9 div]s o!r ,p>ticul>s7 8 ,!ory holds /ill good4 ,at lea/ x ought to be all['d1 9 ju/ice to 8 great ,abilities & ,exactness1 till "s ,body convicts him ( "s mat]ial ,error 9 8 ,calculations1 :i* has n z yet be5 done by any ,body1 t ,i "k (4 ,suppos+ !n ! =ce ( ! ,he>t1 & ( ! ,muscul> ,coat ( ! ,art]ies1 z likewise ( ! resi/ance1 :i* !y mu/ ov]come1 to be comput$ ) any degree ( accuracy1 !re rema9s yet su* a prodigi\s disproportion to be acc\nt$ =1 z requires "s m p[]ful ,ag5t1 ?an any yet assign'd1 to make up ! defici5cy4 ,:at assi/ance ! ,he>t receives f ! action ( ! ,?orax t[>ds ! facilitat+ its ,contraction1 )\t :i* assi/ance !re c\'d h be5 no ,sy/ole1 has be5 already %ewn4 ,b nei!r ! ,int]co/al ,muscles1 or ,diaphragm1 :i* are s in/rum5tal 9 t "p ( its action1 c contribute any ?+ to ! ,dia/ole2 because !y s]ve only to enl>ge ! ,cavity ( ! ,?orax1 & !reby to op5 a passage to ! ,blood f ! ,he>t1 & promote its ,con/riction4 ,:atev] !re=e ! =ce is1 t dilates ! ,he>t1 & is ! cause ( ! ,dia/ole1 x mu/ be equal to t ( ! ,he>t1 ! ,int]co/al ,muscles & ,diaphragm2 to all :i* x acts z an ,antagoni/4 ,i take no notice ( ! ,s]ratus ,major ,anticus1 & o!r ,muscles2 :i* h an obscure %>e 9 ! ,elevation ( ! ,co/1 because z mu* may reasonably be d$uct$ ^u ! acc\nt ( ! ,obliquus ext]nus ,abdom9is1 & o!r ,muscles2 :i* hav+ _! ,ins]tions on "s ( ! l[] ,ribs are z in/rum5tal t[>ds ! ,depression ( !m1 & s balance ! ,acc\nt4 ,b ! *ief use ( ^! is 9 viol5t ,respiration3 ,9 ord9>y ,respiration _! %>e is small4 ,su* a real ,p[] 7:i* may 9 ! lea/ be suspect$ ( any %>e 9 ?is ,action7 is h>d1 p]haps impossible to be f\nd 9 ! ,ma*9e ( any ,animal ,body2 & yet )\t "s su* ,antagoni/1 x is z impossible ! ,circulation ( ! ,blood %\ld be ma9ta9'd4 ,all ! ,eng9es yet discov]'d )9 ! ,body1 conspire t[>ds ! ,con/riction ( ! ,he>t1 :i* is ! ,/ate ( ,quiesc5ce1 to :i* x naturally t5ds4 ,yet we f9d x alt]nately 9 a ,/ate ( ,viol5ce1 t is1 ( ,dilatation2 & ?is ^u necessity1 because ^u ?is ,alt]nation dep5ds all ,animal ,life4 ,"s suffici5t ,cause ,ext]nal mu/ !re=e be f\nd1 to produce ?is great ,phnom5on2 :i* ,cause mu/ be ei!r 9 ! ,air1 or ,atmosph]e1 because we h no con/ant & imm$iate ,comm]ce ) any o!r ,m$iums4 ,"s great ,physicians obs]v+ ?is1 & t depriv'd by :atsoev] means ( ,communication ) ! ext]nal ,air1 we became in/antly ext9ct1 h imag9'd1 t 9 ! ,act ( ,inspiration c]ta9 pur] p>ts ( ! ,air1 mix$ ) ! ,blood 9 ! ,lungs1 & 0 convey'd ) x to ! ,he>t1 :]e x n\ri%'d a sort ( ,vital ,flame1 :i* 0 ! ,cause ( ?is reciprocal /us ( ! ,he>t4 ,o!rs n q s gross1 reject+ an ,actual ,flame1 h fanci$1 t ^! f9e ,p>ts ( ,air mix+ ) ! ,blood 9 ! ,v5tricles ( ! ,he>t1 produc'd an ,eff]vesc5ce :i* dilat$ x4 ,b ^! ,fancies h be5 long s9ce explod$ & condemn'd ^u ample ,conviction2 & 'tis a ,po9t yet undet]m9'd1 :e!r any ,air does mix ) ! ,blood at all 9 ! ,lungs1 or n4 ,b suppos+1 t "s ,air may ins9uate x self into ! ,pulmon>y ,ve91 x c no o!r way dilate ! ,he>t ?an by an ,eff]vesc5ce 9 ! ,left ,v5tricle1 :i* w\'d n dilate ! ,"r4 ,b ?is ,op9ion is contradict$ by ,autopsie1 & too labori\sly confut$ by o!rs1 to be br\ght ^u ! ,/age aga9 "h4 ,!re rema9s !re=e only ! gross ,body ( ! ,atmosph]e to be consid]$1 :i* is und\bt$ly ! true ,antagoni/ to all ^? ,muscles1 :i* s]ve = ord9>y ,inspiration1 & ! ,con/riction ( ! ,he>t4 ,?is w appe> m evid5tly1 if we consid] n only ! ,p[]1 b ! ,necessity ( its ,action ^u ,animal ,bodies1 z well z ! want ( o!r suffici5t ,ag5ts4 ,! ,he>t is a ,solit>y ,muscle ( v great /r5g?1 & ! ,int]co/al ,muscles & ,diaphragm1 :i* likewise h no ,antagoni/s1 are a va/ additional ,=ce1 :i* mu/ be balanc'd by ! contr>y ,action ( "s equival5t ,p[] or o!r4 ,=1 ?o' ! ,action ( ! ,int]co/al ,muscles be volunt>y1 t does n exempt !m f ! condition ( all o!r ,muscles s]v+ = volunt>y motion1 :i* w\'d be 9 a ,/ate ( p]petual ,contraction1 not)/&+ any ,influ5ce ( ! ,w1 7 x n = ! ,libration ( ,antagoni/ ,muscles4 ,?is ,libration betwe5 o!r ,muscles1 is answ]'d by ! ,weight ( ! incumb5t ,atmosph]e1 :i* presses ^u ! ,?orax & o!r p>ts ( ! ,body4 ,&1 z 9 all o!r volunt>y ,motions ! influ5ce ( ! ,w only gives a preval5ce to "o ( its two ,p[]s be=e equilibrat$1 s "h x s]ves to enable ^? ,muscles to lift up a weight too pond]\s = _! /r5g? n s assi/$2 & !re=e z soon z t assi/ance is )drawn1 ! ,co/ are aga9 depress'd by ! me] ,gravitation ( ! ,atmosph]e1 :i* w\'d o!rwise rema9 elevat$ ?r\gh ! natural ,t5d5cy ( ^? ,muscles to ,contraction4 ,?is is evid5tly prov'd f ! ,torricellian ,exp]im5ts1 & ^? made ^u ,animals 9 ,mr4 ,boyle's ,eng9e2 :]e1 z soon z ! ,air is )drawn1 & ! pressure !reby tak5 (f1 ! ,int]co/al ,muscles & ,diaphragm are contract$1 & ! ,ribs elevat$ 9 an in/ant1 & c't by any ,p[] ( ! ,w be made to subside1 till ! ,air is aga9 let 9 to be> !m =cibly d[n4 ,sid5ote3 ,de ,respirationis ,organis ,usu4 ,x 7 sc>ce wor? :ile to take notice "h ( a ,mi/ake ( ! ,le>n$ ,dr4 ,willis1 7 x n = ! great ,au?ority ( ! ,man1 :i* is almo/ suffici5t to keep ,error 9 c\nt5ance4 ,! ,doctor hav+ obs]v'd1 t ! ,fibres ( ! ,ext]nal & ,int]nal ,int]co/al ,muscles ran 9 a contr>y ord]1 z x 71 decussat+ ea* o!r1 takes occasion f !nce to fansie1 t !re 0 an opposition 9 _! ,(fice2 & t z ! ,ext]nal s]v'd to raise up ! ,ribs1 ! ,int]nal drew !m d[n aga91 =gett+ at t "t1 ,t1 :5 a contractile ,body is fa/5'd at ! sev]al ends to ,po9ts unequally moveable1 let ! ,contraction happ5 9 :at "p or mann] soev]1 ! m moveable ,po9t mu/ be drawn t[>ds ! less moveable3 ,by :i* ,rule1 :e!r ,ext]nal or ,int]nal ,int]co/als be contract$1 ! l[] ,ribs w be =c'd to approa* ! upp]1 t is1 be rais'd up4 ,z 9 ! ,elevation ( ! ,co/1 ! ,blood1 by ! passage t is op5'd = x1 is 9 a mann] solicit$ into ! ,lungs2 s 9 ! ,depression ( !m1 by ! subsid5ce ( ! ,lungs1 & ! ,contraction ( ! ,blood-,vessels1 bo? :i* are consequ5t !re(1 ! ,blood is =cibly driv51 z x 7 ) an ,embolum1 ?r\gh ! ,pulmon>y ,ve9 into ! ,left ,v5tricle ( ! ,he>t4 ,& ?is1 toge!r ) ! g5]al ,compression ( ! ,body by ! weight ( ! ,atmosph]e1 :i* surr\nds & presses ^u ! :ole ,surface ( x1 is t ,p[] :i* causes ! ,blood to m\nt 9 ! ,ve9s1 aft] ! =ce impress'd ^u x by ! ,he>t is brok5 & sp5t1 & :i* is suffici5t to =ce ! ,he>t f its natural ,/ate to ,dilatation4 ,he t is able to compute ! weight ( a ,column ( ,air1 equal to ! ,surface ( ! :ole ,body1 w readily grant x a p[] suffici5t = ! ,effects1 :i* are "h ascrib'd to x4 ,& :5 he consid]s1 t ! ,bodies ( ,animals are compressible ,ma*9es1 he w f9d t x mu/ ( necessity affect !m 9 ! mann] "h laid d[n4 ,b ?\gh our ,bodies be entirely compos'd ( ,tubuli1 or ,vessels fill'd ) ,fluids2 yet ?is pressure1 h[ great soev]1 be+ equal1 c\'d h no effect ^u !m1 if ! sup]ficial ,dim5sions 7 n easily v>iable2 because be+ compress'd on all p>ts ) ! same degree ( ,=ce1 ! conta9'd ,fluids c\'d n any :]e beg9 to rec$e1 & make way = ! re/ to foll[1 b w\'d rema9 z fix'd & immoveable z if !y 7 actually solid4 ,b by ! ,dilatation ( ! ,?orax1 room is made = ! ,fluids to move1 & by ! ,co>ctation ( x1 fre% motion is impre/1 :i* is ! ma9 ,spr+ :]eby ! ,circulation is set & kept go+4 ,?is reciprocal ,dilatation & ,contraction ( ! sup]ficial ,dim5sions ( ! ,body1 seems s necess>y to ,animal ,life1 t !re is n any ,animal s imp]fect z to want x1 at lea/ none to ! inw>d ,/ructure1 ( :i* our ,anatomical ,discov]ies h yet rea*'d4 ,=1 ?o' mo/ k9ds ( ,fi% & ,insects1 want bo? moveable ,ribs & ,lungs1 & consequ5tly h no dilatable ,?orax1 yet t want is made up to 'em by an ,analog\s ,me*anism1 answ]+ suffici5tly ! ,necessities ( _! ,life4 ,^? ,fi%es :i* h no ,lungs1 h ,gills1 :i* d ! ,(fice ( ,lungs1 receiv+ & expell+ alt]nately ! ,wat]1 :]eby ! ,blood-,vessels suff] ! same alt]ation ( ,dim5sions1 t !y d 9 ! ,lungs ( m p]fect ,animals4 ,! ,lungs or ,air-,vessels ( ,insects1 are yet exce$+ly m diff]5t 9 ,/ructure1 ,di/ribution1 & ,situation f ^? ( p]fect ,animals1 ?an ^? ( ,fi%es are1 & yet 9 _! ,use & ,action agree p]fectly ) bo?2 t is1 receiv+ & expell+ ! ,air1 & v>y+ ! ,dim5sions & ,capacities ( ! ,blood-,vessels4 ,^! hav+ no ,?orax1 or sep>ate ,cavity = ! ,he>t & ,air-,vessels1 h ! latt] di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! :ole ,trunk ( _! ,bodies1 by :i* !y communicate ) ! ,ext]nal ,air ?r\gh sev]al ,spiracula or ,v5t-holes1 to :i* are fa/5'd s _m little ,tra*e1 or ,w9d-pipes1 :i* !nce s5d _! ,bran*es to all ! ,muscles & ,visc]a1 & seem to accompany ! ,blood-,vessels all ov] ! ,body1 z !y d 9 ! ,lungs only ( p]fect ,animals4 ,by ?is disposition 9 e ,inspiration1 ! :ole ,body ( ^! little ,animals is inflat$1 & 9 e ,expiration compress'd2 & consequ5tly ! ,blood-,vessels mu/ suff] a ,vicissitude ( ,ext5sion & ,contraction1 & a great] motion mu/ !reby be impress'd ^u ! ,fluids conta9'd 9 !m1 ?an ! ,he>t1 :i* does n 9 ^? ,creatures appe> to be ,muscul>1 seems capable ( giv+4 ,! only ,animal t is exempt$ f ?is necess>y condition ( ,brea?+1 or receiv+ & expell+ alt]nately "s ,fluid into & out ( ! ,body1 is a ,ftus4 ,b ?is1 :ile includ$ 9 ! ,womb1 has little m ?an a vegetative ,life1 & ought sc>ce to be reckon'd among ! numb] ( ,animals4 ,=1 7 x n = t small %>e ( ,muscul> ,motion1 :i* x ex]cises 9 ! ,womb1 x might )\t absurdity be acc\nt$ = z a ,graft ^u1 or ,bran* ( ! ,"m4 ,sid5ote3 ,boyle ( ! ,ela/icity ( ,air4 ,pe*l9us de ,a]is ,alim5ti defectu4 ,conc]n+ ! imm$iate ,matt]1 & ,means ( ,life1 & ,nutrition1 ,au?ors are n agre$1 nor is x ! bus9ess ( ?is place to reconcile1 or decide _! ,diff]5ces1 b to acc\nt = ! ,motion ( ! ,blood ?r\gh ! ,vessels only4 ,9 ord] to ?is1 x w be necess>y to obs]ve1 t ! ,pulsation ( ! ,he>t 9 a ,ftus is s v weak & obscure1 & ! ,motion ( ! ,blood s extream sl[ & languid1 z to be sc>ce1 if at all p]ceivable1 z has be5 exp]i5c$ 9 ! ,dissection ( ,puppies be=e ,respiration _h4 ,to produce su* a feeble ,palpitation1 & creep+ ,motion1 no great] =ce seems to be requir$1 ?an may be d]iv'd f ! ,communication betwe5 ! ,vessels ( ! ,"m & ,ftus 9 ! ,plac5ta4 ,i am n ignorant1 t div]s v ,le>n$ ,anatomi/s 7:om ! ,cr[d h implicitly foll['d7 h absolutely reject$ all ,communication betwe5 ^! ,vessels4 ,b1 ) submission to ,great ,au?orities1 ,i ?9k !y h act$ arbitr>ily1 & )\t suffici5t ,w>rant f ,reason or ,exp]im5t3 ,= nei!r are ! ,argum5ts :i* !y br+ aga9/ x conclusive1 nor ! ,(fice :i* !y assign to ! ,umbilical ,vessels 9 lieu ( x1 prop]1 or natural to ^? ,vessels1 or ! reality ( ! ,fact made out by any sub/antial ,reasons4 ,^? t reject ?is ,communication usually d x 9 fav\r ( "o or bo? ( ^! ,op9ions1 t ! ,art]ies ( ! ,ut]us d deposite a ,nutritive ,juice1 or a ,juice impregnate ) ,air 9 ! ,plac5ta1 :i* is suck'd 9 by ! ,umbilical ,ve91 & convey'd to ! ,ftus1 = ! necess>y ,uses ( ,nutrition & ,life4 ,n[ ^? t patronize ei!r ( ^! ,op9ions1 lead ,nature an unnecess>y ,dance4 ,= if ! ,mat]nal ,blood does really conta9 any su* ,nutriti\s1 or any su* necess>y ,a]ial ,p>ticles1 :y %\'d !y be sep>at$ & extravasat$1 to be ) difficulty receiv'd into ! ,umbilical ,ve91 & aga9 mixt ) ! ,blood1 :5 !y might m easily h be5 imp>t$ by ! pla9 simple way ( ,transfusion f ! ,art]ies ( ! ,"m to ! ,ve9s ( ! ,ftus4 ,&1 t ?is is ! c\rse :i* ,nature takes 9 ?is ,case1 ,i am p]swad$ f ! eas9ess & simplicity ( ! ,me?od1 :i* readily p]=ms :at might be p]haps 9 va9 expect$ f ! o!r1 & w\'d ov] & above f9d !m1 :at !y seem to grope s bl9dly ab\t =1 a fir/ ,mov] ( ! ,blood 9 a ,ftus4 ,^? t cont5d = ! conveyance ( ! ,nutrici\s ,juice1 ?r\gh ! ,umbilical ,ve9 f ! ,plac5ta1 are =c'd ^u two ,difficulties next to ,absurdities4 ,= fir/ !y are oblig'd to make ?is ,ve91 :i*1 z all o!r ,ve9s1 seems d$icat$ to ! ,re-conveyance ( ,blood only1 ! prop] & imm$iate ,*anel1 ?ro' :i* a v diff]5t ,liqu\r is to be c>ri$2 & next1 to give a ,p[] ( ,attraction or ,suction to x2 because ! ,nutrici\s ,juice1 :i* x is ?us de/9'd to c>ry1 is bo? visc\s & /agnant1 & has nei!r =ce to drive1 nor subtilty to p5etrate1 or ins9uate x self into ! ,capill>y ,ve9s2 & !re=e mu/ be drawn or suck'd z ,milk is f ! ,brea/1 to :i* ! ,plac5ta & its ,nutrici\s ,juice are by ! ,fav\r]s ( !m expresly comp>'d4 ,b if ?is 7 ! sole use ( ! ,plac5ta1 & ,umbilical ,vessels1 :y 7 ! ,umbilical ,art]ies s5t along ) ! ,ve98 ,_! bus9ess is n to br+ any ?+ back to ! ,ftus1 nor c !y contribute any ?+ to ! b5efit ( ! ,"m2 = ! ,ut]9e ,art]ies br+ all to ! ,plac5ta1 ! ,umbilical ,ve9 c>ries x to ! ,ftus1 & ! ,ut]9e ,ve9s convey back aga9 ! ,sur*>ge ( ! ,"m's ,blood2 ! ,umbilical ,art]ies only1 h no?+ to d1 & are sup]flu\s & imp]t95t1 :i* is contr>y to ! con/ant ,practice ( ,nature4 ,yet if ,autopsie did 9 ! lea/ c\nt5ance ?is ,hypo!sis1 "s ,def5ce might /ill be made2 b we f9d 9 ! ,umbilical ,ve9 ( a ,ftus no?+ b ,florid ,blood1 su* z 9 all probability x receiv$ imm$iately f ! ,art]ies ( ! ,"m )\t any mixture4 ,& !re=e ,i c't help conclud+1 t ?is ,op9ion engages its ,fav\r]s 9 "s ,absurdity1 )\t ,necessity & )\t ,pro(4 ,!y t f ! ,plac5ta supply ! ,body ( ! ,ftus ) ,air1 are z mu* di/ress'd z t'o!r2 = !y are =c'd to beg ! ,"q twice1 :i*1 ev5 :5 grant$1 w n answ] _! ,ends4 ,fir/1 !y suppose1 t an intimate mixture or confusion ( ,air ) ! ,blood1 is necess>y = ! support ( ,animal ,life1 a ,po/ulatum1 :i* p]haps ! =m] "p ( ?is ,disc\rse may h r5d]'d unnecess>y2 & next1 t ! ,ftus is supply'd ) ,air f1 & its ,blood mix'd ) x 9 ! ,plac5ta4 ,b "h aga9 !y fet* a ,compass )\t necessity or pro(4 ,= if a mixture ( ,air 7 necess>y to a ,ftus1 :y %\ld x be sep>at$ f ! ,"m's ,blood1 & n r bo? communicat$ toge!r1 s9ce x is s mu* m easie & commodi\s8 ,b nei!r does ! ,plac5ta seem to be in/ruct$ & provid$ = ! sep>ation ( ,air1 b ( a mu* gross] ,fluid1 de/9'd to "s o!r use1 :i* ,autopsie confirms3 ,yet1 7 bo? ^! ,op9ions true1 !y are h[ev] defective1 & ! ,circul> ,motion ( ! ,blood unprovid$ =4 ,by ! way ( ,transfusion1 ?is great ,phnom5on is naturally acc\nt$ =1 & ! ,ends1 = :i* ! o!r two ,hypo!ses 7 devis'd1 might bo? be answ]'d ) m ease4 ,= ! ,hy/]ick ,art]ies transmitt+ _! ,blood imm$iately to ! ,umbilical ,ve91 may v easily transmit su* ,nutrici\s ,juices or ,a]al ,p>ticles1 z are conta9'd 9 ! ,blood1 along ) x1 )\t deposit+ !m by ! way4 ,by ?is means s mu* ( ! ,impulse ( ! ,"m's ,blood is pres]v'd1 z suffices to ma9ta9 t languid ,circulation :i* a ,ftus enjoys4 ,= ! ,blood be+ driv5 ?r\gh ! ,art]ies ( ! ,ut]us into ! ,umbilical ,ve91 is convey'd directly to ! ,s9us ( ! ,porta1 & !nce by a %ort & direct ,passage ?r\gh ! ,cava to ! ,he>t2 :]e pass+ ?r\gh ! ,=am5 ,ovale to ! ,left ,v5tricle1 & ?r\gh ! ,canalis ,art]iosus f ! ,"r & ,pulmon>y ,art]y1 x is all deliv]'d )\t com+ at ! ,lungs to ! ,aorta1 & f !nce aga9 by ! ,umbilical ,art]ies to ! ,ve9s ( ! ,ut]us1 mak+ a sort ( ,epicycle to ! ma9 ,circulation 9 ! ,"m4 ,z ?is ,op9ion is ,fav\r'd by ! ,/ructure & ,disposition ( ! ,blood-,vessels on bo? ,p>ts1 s !re is no?+ 9 x difficult to be conceiv'd1 or repugnant to ,exp]i5ce4 ,late ,discov]ies h made x appe>1 t ! ,art]ies & ,ve9s are cont9u'd ,tubes1 & t ! latt] conta9 no?+ b :at !y receive f ! =m]1 & no ,reason appe>s :y we %\'d ?9k ?is ,me?od to be v>i$ 9 ! ,plac5ta4 ,on ! o!r h&1 if ! ,art]ies ( ! ,ut]us 7 cont9u$ to ! ,ve9s ( ! same "p1 & ^? ( ! ,ftus 9 l mann]1 )\t communicat+ ) ea* o!r1 _! ,conflu5ce 9 ! ,plac5ta seems to be altoge!r imp]t95t1 & ( no use1 & ! ,umbilical ,art]ies & ,ve9 fram'd = no o!r ,s]vice or ,purpose1 ?an to give ! ,blood room = an idle ,sally4 ,?us ! ,reasonabl5ess ( ?is old ,op9ion may be v9dicat$1 b ! ,c]ta9ty ( x re/s ^u /rong] ,pro(4 ,mr4 ,c[p]1 to ^: happy ,indu/ry we owe ! ,confirmation ( _m anci5t ,discov]ies1 & ! ,b5efit ( "s new ones1 has ! ,hon\r to re-e/abli% ?is old1 b long explod$ ,tru?4 ,= by p\r+ ,m]cury into a ,bran* ( ! ,ut]9e ,art]ie ( a ,c[1 t w5t into "o ( ! ,cotyl$ones ( ! ,ut]us1 he fill'd ^? ,bran*es ( ! ,umbilical ,ve9s1 :i* w5t f t ,cotyl$on to ! ,navel ( ! ,ftus2 :i*1 ) a "p ( ! ,ut]us1 he keeps prep>$ by him4 ,x w\ld be a weak ,objection1 to all$ge1 ,t ! ,obs]vation & ,exp]im5t be+ made on ! ,ut]us ( a ,c[1 ! ,inf]5ce w\ld n hold f !nce to a ,woman1 ! "o be+ ,gl&ulif]\s1 & ! o!r ,plac5tif]\s2 s9ce e "o ( ^! ,cotyl$ones1 or ,ut]9e ,gl&ules1 is 9 all respects a little ,plac5ta1 & all ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m is 9 numb]1 "n1 & magnitude4 ,:y ,rum9ants diff] 9 ?is ,p>ticul> f o!r ,vivip>\s ,animals1 is beside ! ,subject ( our pres5t ,enquiry4 ,b ! great ,flux ( ,blood1 :i* con/antly foll[s ^u draw+ ! ,plac5ta f ,wom5 7:i* is frequ5tly s great z to co/ !m _! ,lives7 is z pla9 a demon/ration to ,reason ( ! ,cont9uity ( ! ,vessels1 z ,mr4 ,c[p]'s ,exp]im5ts is to ! ,eye4 ,i h he>d x object$ by v ,le>n$ ,m51 t if !re 7 su* a ,cont9uity ( ,vessels1 & su* ,transfusion ( ,blood1 ! ,ftus mu/ necess>ily p]i% ?r\gh loss ( ,blood1 ^u ! sep>ation ( ! ,plac5ta f ! ,ut]us2 b t1 on ! contr>y1 no visible ,flux ( ,blood does foll[ :ile ! ,ftus cont9ues wrapt 9 ! ,membrane1 9 :i* ,condition x may be kept alive "s ,h\rs4 ,to ?is x may be answ]'d1 t ! ,circulation 9 ! ,ftus1 be+ d]iv'd f ! ,"m1 may be suppos'd :olly to cease ^u ! cutt+ (f ! ,communication betwe5 !m1 till x is aga9 r5ew'd m =cibly by ,respiration4 ,b if we all[ ! motion already impress'd ^u ! ,blood to be suffici5t to keep x go+ a little :ile2 yet x mu/ ne$s be s exce$+ languid1 t ! me] resi/ance ( ! ,ext]nal ,air mu/ be m ?an en\gh to h9d] any ,efflux ( ,blood f a ,ftus be=e ,respiration4 ,h[ long ,life may be pres]v'd )\t an actual ,circulation ( ! ,blood1 is a ,"q n ( ?is place4 ,b we h be5 conv9c'd by _m & notori\s ,obs]vations & ,exp]im5ts1 t ,life has be5 recov]'d a long "t aft] all tok5s ( ,respiration1 ,circulation1 or ev5 ,life x self1 h disappe>'d2 s t we c't ?9k ! fir/ ,solution ei!r impossible or improbable4 ,i expect to be told1 t 9 ! e>ly ,days ( ,ge/ation 9 ,vivip>\s ,animals1 !re is no ,plac5ta1 or any ,adhesion ( ! ,umbilical ,vessels to any "p ( ! ,"m1 & consequ5tly no su* ,transfusion2 & t 9 ,ovip>\s !re is no cont9uity1 or communication ( ,vessels ( any k9d1 dur+ ! :ole "t ( ,incubation4 ,b ^! ,objections c>ry nei!r ! ,weight nor ,difficulty along ) !m1 t !y may be suppos'd to d2 = 9 ^? ,days !re is nei!r ,blood or ,blood-,vessels1 & consequ5tly !re c be no ,circulation ( ! ,blood2 & ! ,embryo1 ( :at ,species soev]1 is no m ?an a ,vegetable at t "t2 nor does ! ,ftus ( any ,vivip>\s ,creature enjoy any ,circulation1 or %ew any signs ( ,animal ,life1 till aft] ^? ,vessels1 z well z o!rs requisite to ! ,circulation1 are compleat$4 ,x mu/ be confess'd1 t ,ovip>\s ,animals are d5i$ ! b5efit ( ?is ,communication2 b t want is suffici5tly comp5sat$ by a peculi> ,me*anism1 :i* directly answ]s ! ends ( ,respiration1 & ! pressure ( ! ,atmosph]e ^u ! ,ftus4 ,!re is at ! obtuse end ( an ,egg a small ,cavity fill'd ) ,air1 :i* is ! succ$ane\s ,in/rum5t to ! ,respiratory ,organs4 ,= z soon z ! ,cont5ts beg9 to be w>m'd by ! ,incubation ( ! ,h51 or any analog\s ,heat ( ,furnace or ,dunghill1 ! sev]al ,hum\rs ( ! ,egg require a f]m5tative motion1 & ! ,air conta9'd 9 ! ,cavity or ,vesicle1 at ! obtuse end ( ! ,egg1 is r>efi$1 & ! ,vesicle ext5d$ & enl>g'd1 & consequ5tly ! o!r ,cont5ts are compre/2 to :i* ! f]m5tative motion naturally resi/s4 ,b bo? ,bodies be+ z well compressible z dilatable1 & bo? hav+ an expansive motion impre/ ^u !m by ,incubation1 ! ,compression & ,r5it5cy w be mutual1 b v>i$ 9 degree1 accord+ z ei!r1 ?r\gh ! v>iation ( ,circum/ances1 %all prevail4 ,by ?is means1 an ,alt]nation ( ,compression & ,dilatation w be produc'd 9 bo?1 answ]+ ! respiratory motion1 by :i* a motion w be communicat$1 :i*1 z soon z ! ,organs by :i* x %\ld be regulat$ are compleat$1 w 9 ! ,body ( ! ,pullus be regul> & circulatory4 ,fabricius ab ,aquap5d5te1 & aft] him1 our ,great ,dr4 ,h>vey1 h assign'd div]s ,uses to ?is ,cavity or ,air ,vesicle1 ! ,extravagance ( :i* h p]haps det]r'd o!rs f enquir+ s mu* into ! ,use1 z ! ,importance ( x requir'd4 ,b ?\gh ,i c't agree to t ,p]spiration1 ,refrig]ation1 & ,respiration1 :i* !y make x ! ,in/rum5t (2 yet p]haps ! ,air1 t 0 inclos'd 9 t ,cavity1 may ?r\gh ! ,augm5tation ( ! ,body ( ! ,pullus1 & its own ,r>efaction 7:i* is at la/ s great z to occupy half ! ,%ell7 break ! ,membrane1 :i* sep>at$ x f ! ,pullus1 & !reby give s mu* ,respiration z to =m ! *irp+ ,voice1 :i* is (t5 he>d be=e ! break+ ( ! ,%ell1 & ) x give an addition ( ,/r5g? to enable x to break ! ,%ell4 ,b h[ x %\ld respire soon]1 is to me inconceivable4 ,!re are _m ,problems ( great seem+ ,difficulty1 ! ,solutions ( :i* fl[ naturally f :at has be5 laid d[n "h3 ,b int5d+ to prosecute ?is ,subject f>!r1 & to treat ( ! ,imp$im5ts ( ,respiration1 & ! ,consequ5ces ( ,respiration ob/ruct$ or int]mitt$1 ,i %all res]ve !m = t ,opportunity1 & cont5t my self "h to attempt ! ,h>veyan ,problem only1 :i* has giv5 abundance ( ,au?ors s mu* p]plexity4 ,t incomp>able ,philosoph] enquires1 ,:y a ,ftus1 tak5 out ( ! ,ut]us ) ! ,membranes intire1 %all live 9 ,wat] "s ,h\rs )\t communication ) ! ,ext]nal ,air2 :]eas if x be tak5 out & suff]'d once to brea?1 x c't aft]w>ds survive a ,mom5t )\t ! b5efit ( ,respiration4 ,grant+ ! ,fact to be z he has deliv]'d x1 :i* yet is n s 9 all ,cases1 ! ma9 ,difficulty is gr\nd$ on a ,mi/ake1 :i* f ! /at+ ( ! ,"q ,i f9d ?is ,great ,man to h slipt into4 ,= he ?9ks1 t a ,ftus is soon] suffocat$ aft] hav+ once brea?'d1 ?an if x _h n brea?'d at all1 & t by brea?+ x _h contract$ some?+ :i* r5d]'d x m p]i%able4 ,idem tam5 secundis exutus1 7says he7 si semel a]em intra ,pulmones attrax]it1 po/ea ne mom5tum quidem temporis absque eo dur>e possit1 s$ confe/im moriatur4 ,& pres5tly aft]1 ,siquidem con/at1 ftum1 po/quam eum semel haus]it1 citius suffoc>i2 quam cum ab illo prorsus accebatur4 ,! ,doctor obs]v+ a ,ftus to live long] )\t ,respiration1 & to disp5ce bett] ) ! want ( ,air :ile includ$ 9 ! ,membranes intire1 ?an x c\'d aft]w>ds2 inf]s !nce1 t ! ,air does 9 ! fir/ ,act ( ,inspiration impress ^u ! ,lungs "s quality1 :i* r5d]s x ev] aft] m indisp5sably necess>y4 ,b all[+ 8 ,obs]vation1 ,i mu/ yet d5y 8 ,inf]5ce to be good3 ,= deprive a ,ftus ( means ( respir+1 & !n take x out ( ! ,membranes1 & x %all be z soon suffocat$1 z if x _h respir$ be=e4 ,?is proves1 t ?is necessity ( int]c\rse ) ! ,air1 by way ( ! ,lungs1 is n ! ,(fspr+1 b ! ,p>5t ( ,respiration1 & t1 t ,le>n$ ,man 0 drawn into a ,fallacy ( ,non causa pro causa4 ,! ,reason ( ?is ,necessity is ! pressure ( ! ,ext]nal ,air ^u ! ,surface ( ! ,body1 f :i* x 0 def5d$ by ! ,int]position ( ! ,membranes1 & ! ,hum\rs conta9'd1 :i* are n s compressible z ! ,body ( ! ,ftus x self4 ,s soon !re=e z ! ,ftus is exclud$1 & expos'd to ! imm$iate contact ( ! ambi5t ,atmosph]e1 ! ,vessels & all ! ,cavities ( ! ,body mu/ necess>ily be s compress'd1 t ! ,fluids c't h room = motion1 & consequ5tly ! ,ftus c\ld h no ,life1 if ,nature _h n contriv'd by ! motion ( ! ,?orax to remove & admit t pressure alt]nately1 & !reby to impress a motion on ! ,fluids1 :i* is ! ,spr+ ( ,life4 ,b ?is motion ( ! ,?orax be+ any way suppress'd1 ! equal pressure ( ! ,atmosph]e on all p>ts1 occasions a total ,cessation ( motion1 :i* is ,dea?4 ,i %all prosecute ?is ,subject no f>!r n[1 nor tr\ble ! ,read] ) any ,apology1 = diss5t+ f ^? ,great ,m5 h]e9 nam$2 because1 ,i hope1 ,i h done x ) ,mode/y1 & all ! ,respect due to s great ,au?orities1 & h assign'd no?+ :i* is n ,matt] ( ,fact uncontrov]t$1 or d$uc'd f x by pla9 ,me*anical ,necessity4 ,"s ,?\ghts & ,exp]im5ts conc]n+ ,vegetation4 ,by ,john ,woodw>d1 ,m4 ,d4 ( ! ,college ( ,physicians1 & ,r4 ,s4 & ,pr(essor ( ,physick 9 ,gre%am ,college4 ,! ,anci5ts g5]ally intitl$ ! ,e>? to ! ,production ( ! ,animals1 ,vegetables1 & o!r ,bodies ^u & ab\t x2 & t = t ,reason 'twas1 t !y gave x s frequ5tly ! ,epi!ts ( ,p>5t & ,"m#a4 ,!y 7 ( op9ion1 t x furni%$ =? ! ,matt] :]e( ^? ,bodies consi/2 & receiv'd x all back aga9 at _! ,dissolution = ! ,composure ( o!rs4 ,ev5 ^? :o ass]t$ f\r ,elem5ts1 suppos$ t ! ,e>? 0 ! ,matt] t con/itut$ ^? ,bodies2 & t ,wat] & ! re/1 s]v'd only = ! ,conveyance & ,di/ribution ( t ,matt]1 9 ord] to ! =m+ & composition ( !m4 ',tis true1 ,?ales1 a ,philosoph] ( ! fir/ ,rank 9 ^? e>ly ,ages1 has be5 ?\ght to h ,s5tim5ts v diff]5t f ^!2 b t )\t j ,gr\nds1 z ,i ?9k ,i h suffici5tly prov'd 9 ano!r ,pap]1 :i* ,i am ready to produce4 ,b ?\gh ,antiquity ?us gave its ,vote = ,t]re/rial ,matt]1 sev]al ( ! ,mod]ns1 & "s ( v great ,"n too1 bo? "h & abroad1 h gone q c\nt]1 & giv5 !irs 9 behalf ( ,wat]4 ,! ,dignity ( ! ,p]sons t h esp\s$ x1 z well z _! ,numb]s1 r5d]s ?is ,doctr9e v consid]able1 & well wor? our enquir+ into4 ,! great ,re/or] ( ,philosophy 9 ?is la/ ,age1 my ,"l ,bacon1 is ( ,op9ion1 ,t = ,n\ri%m5t ( ,vegetables1 ! ,wat] is almo/ all 9 all2 & t ! ,e>? do? b keep ! ,plant upright1 & save x f ov]-heat1 & ov]-cold#b4 ,o!rs !re are :o are /ill m express2 & ass]t ,wat] to be ! only ,pr9ciple or ,+r$i5t ( all ,natural ,?+s4 ,!y suppose t1 ,i _c tell by :at ,process ( ,nature1 ,wat] is transmut$ into ,/ones1 into ,plants1 & 9 brief1 all o!r ,sub/ances :atev]4 ,helmont1#c p>ticul>ly1 & 8 ,foll[]s1 are v positive 9 ?is2 & (f] "s ,exp]im5ts to r5d] x cr$ible4 ,nay1 a v ,extraord9>y ,p]son ( our own ,nation#d tries ^? ,exp]im5ts ov] aga92 & discov]s a great ,prop5sity to ! same ,?\ghts & ,op9ion !y _h2 decl>+ = ?is ,transmutation ( ,wat] into ,plants & o!r ,bodies1 ?\gh ) great ,mode/y & ,def]5ce1 :i* 0 8 usual mann]4 ,! ,exp]im5ts !y insi/ ^u are *iefly two2 ! fir/ is1 t ,m9t1 & sev]al o!r ,plants prosp] & ?rive v greatly 9 ,wat]4 ,! o!r is ?is2 !y take a c]ta9 quantity ( ,e>?1 & bake x 9 an ,ov52 !n !y weigh x1 & put x into an ,e>!n ,pot4 ,hav+ well wat]'d ?is ,e>?1 !y make *oice ( "s fit ,plant1 :i*1 be+ fir/ c>efully weigh'd1 !y set 9 x4 ,!re !y let x gr[1 cont9u+ to wat] x = "s "t1 till 'tis mu* advanc$ 9 bigness3 ,!n !y take x up2 & ?\gh ! ,bulk & ,weight ( ! ,plant be mu* great] ?an :5 fir/ set1 yet ^u bak+ ! ,e>?1 & weigh+ x1 z at fir/1 !y f9d x little or n at all dim9i%$ 9 weight2 & !re=e conclude1 'tis n ! ,e>? b ,wat]1 t n\ri%es & is turn'd into ! ,sub/ance ( ! ,plant4 ,i mu/ confess ,i _c see h[ ?is ,exp]im5t c ev] be made ) ! nicety & ju/ness t is requisite1 9 ord] to build ^u x s mu* z ^! ,g5tlem5 d4 ',tis h>d to weigh ,e>? 9 t quantity1 or ,plants ( ! size ( ^? !y m5tion1 ) any great exactness2 or to bake ! ,e>? ) t accuracy1 z to r$uce x twice to j ! same ,dr9ess4 ,b ,i may wave all ?is2 = ?\gh ! ,exp]im5t be nev] s easily practicable1 & all ! ,accid5ts ( x exactly z !y set =?1 yet no?+ l :at !y inf] c possibly be conclud$ f x2 unless ,wat]1 :i* !y s pl5tifully be/[ ^u ! ,plant 9 ?is ,exp]im5t1 be pure1 homog5e\s1 & n *>g$ ) any t]re/rial ,mixture2 = if x be1 ! ,plant aft] all may owe its ,gr[? & ,encrease intirely to t4 ,"s ,wat]s are inde$ s v cle> & transp>5t1 t "o w\ld n easily suspect any t]re/rial ,matt] 7 lat5t 9 !m2 b !y may be highly saturat$ ) su* ,matt]1 ?\gh ! ,eye be n pres5tly able to descry or disc]n x4 ',tis true1 ,e>? is an ,opake ,body2 b x may be s f> dissolv$1 r$uc$ to s extreme small ,p>ticles1 & ^! s diffus$ ?r\gh ! watry ,mass1 z n s5sibly to imp$e ,vision1 or r5d] ! ,wat] mu* ! less diaphan\s4 ,silv] is an ,opake1 & inde$ a v d5se ,body2 & yet1 if p]fectly dissolv$ 9 ,_s ( ,nitre1 or ,aqua ,=tis1 t is rectifi$ & ?or[ly f9e1 x does n d>k5 ! ,m5/ruum1 or r5d] x less pellucid ?an be=e#e4 ,& o!r ,in/ances !re are1 t (t5times great quantities ( ,opake ,matt] are su/a9'd 9 ,fluids1 )\t consid]ably /rik+ ! ,eye1 or be+ p]ceiv'd by x4 ,s t 7 !re ,wat] any :]e f\nd s pure1 t ! quicke/ ,eye c\ld discov] 9 x no t]re/rial ,int]mixture2 t w\ld be f> %ort ( a ,pro(1 t 9 reality !re 0 none4 ,b aft] all1 ev5 ! cle>e/ ,wat] is v f> f be+ pure & :olly defecate1 9 any "p ( ! ,_w t ,i c le>n4 ,= ours "h1 ,i h _h an ,opportunity ( exam9+ x ov] a good "p ( ,engl&2 & _c say ,i ev] met ) any1 t1 h[ev] fre% & newly tak5 out ( ! ,spr+1 did n exhibit1 ev5 to ! nak$ ,eye1 great numb]s ( exce$+ small t]re/rial ,p>ticles dissem9at$ ?r\gh all p>ts ( x4 ,?ick] & crass] ,wat] exhibits !m 9 /ill great] ,pl5ty4 ,^! are ( two g5]al k9ds4 ,! "o a vegetable t]re/rial ,matt]1 consi/+ ( v diff]5t ,corpuscles2 "s :]e( are prop] = ! =mation & increm5t ( "o sort ( ,plant1 & "s ( ano!r2 z also "s = ! ,n\ri%m5t ( "o "p ( ! same ,plant1 & "s ( ano!r4 ,! o!r k9d ( ,p>ticles su/a9'd 9 ,wat] are ( a ,m9]al ,nature4 ,^! likewise are ( diff]5t sorts4 ,9 "s ,spr+s we f9d common ,salt1 9 o!rs ,vitriol1 9 o!rs ,alum1 ,nitre1 ,sp>r1 ,o*re1 c4 nay1 frequ5tly sev]al ( ^!1 or o!r ,m9]als1 all 9 ! same ,spr+2 ! ,wat] z x dra9s & passes ?or\gh ! ,/rata ( ,/one1 ,e>?1 & ! l1 tak+ up & be>+ along su* loose ,m9]al ,corpuscles1 z x meets ) 9 ! ,pores & ,int]/ices ( ^? ,/rata1 & br++ !m on ) x q to ! ,spr+4 ,all ,wat] :atev] is mu* *>g'd ) ! ,vegetable ,matt]1 ?is be+ f9e1 light1 & easily moveable4 ,= ! ,m9]al1 ! ,wat] ( ,spr+s conta9s m ( x ?an t ( ,riv]s1 especially :5 at di/ance f _! ,s\rces2 & t ( ,riv]s m ?an ! ,wat] t falls 9 ,ra94 ,?is ,i h le>n'd f sev]al ,trials1 :i* ,i mu/ n give ,acc\nt ( "h2 my ,drift 9 ?is place be+ only to ev9ce ! ,exi/5ce ( ,t]re/rial ,matt] 9 ,wat]4 ,any "o :o desires f>!r ,satisfaction 9 ?is1 may easily obta9 x1 if he only put ,wat] into a cle> ,glass ,viol1 /opp+ x close1 to keep ,du/ & o!r ext]ior ,matt] out1 & lett+ x /&1 )\t /irr+ x = "s ,days3 ,he w !n f9d a consid]able ,quantity ( t]re/rial ,matt] 9 ! ,wat]1 h[ev] pure & free x might appe> :5 fir/ put into ! ,viol4 ,he w 9 a v %ort "t obs]ve1 z ,i h frequ5tly done1 ! ,corpuscles t 7 at fir/1 :ile ! ,wat] 0 agitat$ & kept 9 motion1 sep>ate1 & h>dly visible#f1 by degrees1 z ! ,wat] p]mits1 by its becom+ m /ill & at re/1 assembl+ & comb9+ toge!r2 by t means =m+ some:at l>g] & m conspicu\s ,molecul4 ,aft]w>ds he may behold ^! jo9+ & fix+ ea* to o!r1 by t means =m+ l>ge ?9 ,masses1 appe>+ l ,nubecul1 or ,cl\ds 9 ! ,wat]2 :i* gr[ m ?ick & opake1 by ! cont9ual appulse & accretion ( fre% ,matt]4 ,if ! said ,matt] be *iefly ( ! ,vegetable k9d1 x w be su/a9'd 9 ! ,wat]2 & discov] at l5g? a gre5 ,col\r1 becom+ /ill m & m ( t ,col\r1 ,i mean an high] & m saturate ,gre51 z ! ,matt] ?ick5s & encreases4 ,t ?is ,matt] incl9es s mu* to t ,col\r1 is ! less /range1 s9ce we see s l>ge a %>e ( x1 :5 con/itut+ ,vegetables we>+ ! same ,col\r 9 !m4 ,b if !re be any consid]able quantity ( me] ,m9]al ,matt] 9 ! ,wat]1 ?is1 be+ ( a great] specifick ,gravity ?an ! ,vegetable1 z ! ,p>ticles ( x unite & comb9e 9 su* ,numb]1 till !y =m a ,molecula1 ! ,impetus ( ^: ,gravity surpasses t ( ! ,resi/ance ( ! ,wat]1 subsides a great deal ( x to ! bottom4 ,nor does x only fall d[n x self1 b frequ5tly entangl+ ) ! ,vegetable ,nubecul1 =ces !m d[n along ) x4 ,! ,reason :y ,bodies1 :5 dissolv$ & r$uc$ to extreme small ,p>ts1 are su/a9'd 9 ,liquors t are ( less specifick ,gravity ?an ^? ,bodies are1 ha? be5 po9t$ at by a late +5i\s ,memb] ( ?is ,society#g4 ,he is inde$ f> f hav+ adju/$ all ! ,mom5ta ( ?is ,affair2 h[ev] x mu/ be admitt$1 t1 9 ! divid+ or solution ( ,bodies1 _! ,surfaces d n decrease 9 ! same ,proportion t _! ,bulk does4 ,n[ ! ,gravity ( a ,body1 :i* is ! ,cause ( its s9k+ or t5d5cy d[nw>ds1 is comm5surate to its ,bulk2 b ! resi/ance t ! ,liquor makes1 is proportion'd1 n to ! ,bulk1 b to ! ,ext5t ( ! ,surface ( ! ,body imm]s$ 9 x4 ,:5ce 'tis pla91 a ,body may be s f> divid$1 t its ,p>ts may be su/a9'd 9 a ,fluid1 ^: specifick ,gravity is less ?an t ( ! said ,body4 ,nay1 'tis ,matt] ( ,fact1 t !y frequ5tly are s2 & we daily see ,m5/rua support+ ! ,p>ts ( ,metals1 & o!r ,bodies1 t are ( six1 t51 nay1 almo/ tw5ty times ! specifick ,gravity ( ^? ,m5/rua4 ,& z ! ,p>ts ( ,bodies :5 divid$1 are ?us support$ 9 a ,fluid2 s :5 !y occur & unite aga91 !y mu/ s9k ( c\rse1 & fall to ! ,bottom4 ,^u ! :ole1 'tis palpable & beyond reasonable ,conte/1 t ,wat] conta9s 9 x a v consid]able ,quantity ( t]re/rial ,matt]4 ,n[ ! ,"q is1 to :i* ( ^!1 ! ,wat]1 or ! ,e>?ly ,matt] su/a9'd 9 x1 ,vegetables owe _! ,gr[? & ,augm5t3 ,= decid+ ( :i*1 ,i conceive ! foll[+ ,exp]im5ts may af=d "s ,light2 & ,i c safely say1 !y 7 made ) due ,c>e & ,exactness4 ,anno #afia4 ,i *ose sev]al ,glass ,vials1 t 7 all1 z ne> z possible1 ( ! same %ape & bigness4 ,aft] ,i _h put :at ,wat] ,i ?\ght fit into e "o ( !m1 & tak5 an ,acc\nt ( ! weight ( x1 ,i /ra9'd & ty'd ov] ! ,orifice ( ea* ,vial1 a ,piece ( ,p>*m5t1 hav+ an hole 9 ! middle ( x1 l>ge en\gh to admit ! ,/em ( ! ,plant ,i design'd to set 9 ! ,vial1 )\t conf9+ or /reightn+ x1 s z to imp$e its ,gr[?4 ,my ,int5tion 9 ?is1 0 to prev5t ! inclos$ ,wat] f evaporat+1 or asc5d+ any o!r way ?an only ?r\gh ! ,plant to be set !re94 ,!n ,i made *oice ( sev]al ,sprigs ( ,m9t1 & o!r ,plants1 t 71 z ne> z ,i c\ld possibly judge1 alike fre%1 s\nd1 & lively4 ,hav+ tak5 ! weight ( ea*1 ,i plac$ x 9 a ,vial1 ord]'d z above2 & z ! ,plant imbib'd & drew (f ! ,wat]1 ,i took c>e to add m ( ! same f "t to "t1 keep+ an ,acc\nt ( ! weight ( all ,i add$4 ,ea* ( ! ,glasses 71 = bett] di/9ction1 & ! m easie keep+ a ,regi/] ( all ,circum/ances1 not$ ) a diff]5t ,m>k or ,lett]1 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 c4 & all set 9 a ,r[ 9 ! same ,w9d[1 9 su* mann] t all might p>take alike ( ,air1 ,light1 & ,sun4 ,?us !y cont9u$ f ,july ! ,tw5tie?1 to ,octob] ! ,fif?1 :i* 0 j ,sev5ty ,sev5 ,days4 ,!n ,i took !m out1 weigh'd ! ,wat] 9 ea* ,vial1 & ! ,plant likewise1 add+ to its weight t ( all ! ,leaves t _h fall5 (f dur+ ! "t x /ood ?us4 ,& ,la/ly1 ,i comput$ h[ mu* ea* ,plant _h ga9'd2 & h[ mu* ,wat] 0 sp5t ^u x4 ,! ,p>ticul>s are z foll[4 7,a47 ,common ,spe>-,m9t1 set 9 ,spr+-,wat]4 ,! ,plant$ weigh$ :5 put 91 ,july #bj4 j #bg ,gra9s2 :5 tak5 =?1 ,octob] #e4 #db ,gra9s3 ,s t 9 ?is space ( #gg ,days1 x _h ga9$ 9 weight #ae ,gra9s4 ,! :ole ,quantity ( ,wat] exp5d$1 dur+ ^! #gg ,days1 am\nt$ to #beeh ,gra9s4 ,consequ5tly ! weight ( ! ,wat] tak5 up1 0 #agj-h_/ae times z mu* z ! ,plant _h got 9 weight4 7,b47 ,common ,spe>-,m9t1 ,ra9-,wat]4 ,! ,m9t weigh'd1 :5 put 91 ,gr4 #bh2 :5 tak5 out ,gr4 #de1 hav+ ga9'd 9 #gg ,days ,gr4 #ag4 ,! ,disp5dium ( ! ,wat] ,gr4 #cjjd1 :i* 0 #aga-bb_/ce times z mu* z ! ,plant _h receiv$ 9 weight4 7,c47 ,common ,spe>-,m9t1 ,?ames-wat]4 ,! ,plant :5 put 91 ,gr4 #bh1 :5 tak5 =?1 ,gr4 #ed4 ,s t 9 #gg ,days x _h ga9$ ,gr4 #bf4 ,! ,wat] exp5d$1 am\nt$ to ,gr4 #bdic4 :i* 0 #ie-bc_/bf times z mu* z ! additional weight ( ! ,m9t4 7,d47 ,common ,solanum1 or ,night-%ade3 ,spr+-wat]4 ,! ,plant weigh'd1 :5 put 91 ,gr4 #di2 :5 tak5 out1 #ajf2 hav+ ga9'd 9 #gg ,days #eg ,gr4 ,! ,wat] exp5d$ dur+ ! said "t1 0 #cgjh ,gr4 :i* 0 #fe-c_/eg times z mu* z ! ,augm5t ( ! ,plant4 ,?is ,specim5 _h sev]al ,buds ^u x1 :5 fir/ set 9 ! ,wat]4 ,^! 9 "s ,days became fair ,fl[]s1 :i* 7 at l5g? succe$$ by ,b]ries4 7,e47 ,la?yris seu ,cataputia ,g]h4 ,spr+-,wat]4 ,x weigh'd1 :5 put 91 ,gr4 #ih4 :5 tak5 =?1 ,gr4 #aja4 ,! additional weight = ! :ole #gg ,days1 be+ b ,gr4 #c4 ,! ,quantity ( ,wat] sp5t ^u x dur+ t "t1 ,gr4 #beja4 :i* is #gad-d_/g times z mu* z ! ,plant 0 augm5t$4 ,sev]al o!r ,plants 7 try'd1 t did n ?rive 9 ,wat]1 or succe$ any bett] ?an ! ,cataputia =ego+3 ,b 'tis besides my purpose to give a p>ticul> ,acc\nt ( !m "h4 7,f1 ,g47 ,^! ,two ,vials 7 fill'd1 ! =m] 7,f7 ) ,ra91 ! o!r ) ,spr+-wat]1 at ! same "t z ^? above-m5tion'd 72 & /ood z long z !y did4 ,b !y _h nei!r ( !m any ,plant2 my ,design 9 ^! be+ only to in=m my self1 :e!r any ,wat] exhal$ out ( ! ,glasses1 o!rwise ?an ?or[ ! ,bodies ( ! ,plants4 ,! ,orifices ( ^! two ,glasses 7 cov]'d ) ,p>*m5t2 ea* piece ( x be+ p]=at$ ) an hole ( ! same bigness ) ^? ( ! ,vials above4 ,9 ?is ,i susp5d$ a bit ( ,/ick1 ab\t ! ?ickness ( ! ,/em ( "o ( ! a=esaid ,plants1 b n rea*+ d[n to ! ,surface ( ! includ$ ,wat]4 ,i put !m 9 ?us1 t ! ,wat] 9 ^! might n h m ,scope to evaporate ?an t 9 ! o!r ,vials4 ,?us !y /ood ! :ole #gg ,days 9 ! same ,w9d[ ) ! re/2 :51 ^u ,exam9ation1 ,i f\nd none ( ! ,wat] 9 ^! wa/$ or gone (f4 ,?o' ,i obs]v$ bo? 9 ^!1 & ! re/1 especially aft] hot ,wea!r1 small ,drops ( ,wat]1 n unlike ,dew1 adh]+ to ! ,insides ( ! ,glasses1 t ,"p ( !m1 ,i mean1 t 0 above ! ,surface ( ! enclos$ ,wat]4 ,! ,wat] 9 ^! two ,glasses t _h no ,plants 9 !m1 at ! end ( ! ,exp]im5t1 exhibit$ a l>g] ,quantity ( ,t]re/rial ,matt] ?an t 9 any ( ^? t _h ! ,plants 9 !m did4 ,! ,s$im5t at ! bottom ( ! ,vials 0 great]2 & ! ,nubecul1 diffus'd ?r\gh ! ,body ( ! ,wat]1 ?ick]4 ,& ( t :i* 0 9 ! o!rs1 "s ( x proce$$ f c]ta9 small ,leaves t _h fall5 f t "p ( ! ,/ems ( ! ,plants t 0 )9 ! ,wat]1 :]e9 !y rott$ & dissolv$4 ,! ,t]re/rial ,matt] 9 ! ,ra9-wat] 0 f9] ?an t 9 ! ,spr+-wat]4 ,anno #afib4 ,! ,glasses made use ( 9 ?is1 7 ( ! same sort ) ^? 9 ! =m] ,exp]im5t2 & cov]'d ov] ) ,p>*m5t 9 l mann]4 ,! ,plants "h 7 all ,spe>-,m9t2 ! mo/ k9dly1 fre%1 sprightly ,%oots ,i c\ld *use4 ,! ,wat]1 & ! ,plants 7 weigh'd z above2 & ! ,vials set 9 a ,l9e1 9 a ,s\? ,w9d[3 :]e !y /ood f ,june ! #b;d to ,july #bh4 :i* 0 j #ef ,days4 7,h47 ,hyde-,p>k ,conduit ,wat]1 alone4 ,! ,m9t weigh$1 :5 put 91 #abg ,gr4 :5 tak5 out1 #bee ,gr4 ,! :ole ,quantity ( ,wat] exp5d$ ^u ?is ,plant1 am\nt$ to #adaij ,gr4 ,?is 0 all along a v k9dly ,plant2 & _h run up to above two ,foot 9 height4 ,x _h %ot b "o consid]able collat]al ,bran*2 b _h s5t =? _m & long ,roots1 f :i* sprung v num]\s1 ?\gh small & %ort1 less] ,fibres4 ,^! less] ,roots came out ( ! l>g] on two opposite sides1 = ! mo/ "p2 s t ea* ,root1 ) its ,fibrill1 appe>'d n unlike a small ,fea!r4 ,to ^! ,fibrill adh]'d pretty mu/ ,t]re/rial ,matt]4 ,9 ! ,wat]1 :i* 0 at la/ ?ick & turbid1 0 a gre5 ,sub/ance1 resembl+ a f9e ?9 ,cons]va4 7,i47 ,! same ,wat]1 alone4 ,! ,m9t weigh'd1 :5 put 91 #aaj ,gr4 :5 tak5 out1 #bdi4 ,wat] exp5d$1 #acadj ,gr4 ,?is ,plant 0 z k9dly z ! =m]1 b _h %ot no collat]al ,bran*es4 ,its ,roots1 ! ,wat]1 & ! gre5 ,sub/ance1 all mu* z 9 ! =m]4 7,k47 ,hyde-,p>k ,conduit-wat]1 9 :i* 0 dissolv$ an ,ounce & half ( ,common ,g>d5-e>?4 ,! ,m9t weigh'd1 :5 put 91 #gf ,gr4 :5 tak5 out1 #bdd ,gr4 ,wat] exp5d$1 ,gr4 #ajgca4 ,?is ,plant1 ?\gh x _h ! ,mis=tune to be annoy'd ) _m small ,insects t hapn'd to fix ^u x2 yet _h %ot v consid]able collat]al ,bran*es2 & at lea/ z _m ,roots z ei!r t 9 ,h or ,i2 :i* _h a mu* great] ,quantity ( ,t]re/rial ,matt] adh]+ to ! ,extremities ( !m4 ,! same gre5 ,sub/ance "h1 t 0 9 ! two prec$+4 7,l47 ,hyde-,p>k ,wat]1 ) ! same ,quantity ( ,g>d5-m\ld z 9 ! =m]4 ,! ,m9t weigh'd1 :5 put 91 #ib ,gr4 :5 tak5 out1 #cgf ,gr4 ,! ,wat] exp5d$ #adiej ,gr4 ,?is ,plant 0 f> m fl\ri%+ ?an any ( ! prec$5t2 _h sev]al v consid]able collat]al ,bran*es1 & v num]\s ,roots1 to :i* ,t]re/rial ,matt] adh]$ v copi\sly4 ,! ,e>? 9 bo? ^! ,glasses 0 v s5sibly & consid]ably wa/$1 & less ?an :5 fir/ put 94 ,! same sort ( gre5 ,sub/ance "h z 9 ^? above4 7,m47 ,hyde-,p>k ,wat]1 di/ill$ (f ) a g5tle ,/ill4 ,! ,m9t weigh'd1 :5 put 91 #aad ,gr4 :5 tak5 out #aee4 ,! ,wat] exp5d$1 #hhjc ,gr4 ,?is ,plant 0 pretty k9dly2 _h two small collat]al ,bran*es1 & sev]al ,roots1 ?\gh n s _m z t 9 ,h or ,i1 b z mu* ,t]re/rial ,matt] adh]+ to !m z ^? _h4 ,! ,wat] 0 pretty ?ick2 hav+ v num]\s small ,t]re/rial ,p>ticles swimm+ 9 x1 & "s ,s$im5t at ! bottom ( ! ,glass4 ,?is ,glass _h none ( ! gre5 ,matt] above m5tion$1 9 x4 7,n47 ,! ,residue ( ! ,wat]1 :i* rema9'd 9 ! ,/ill aft] t 9 ,m1 0 di/ill'd (f4 ,x 0 v turbid1 & z high-col\r'd 7r$di%7 z ord9>y ,be]4 ,! ,m9t weigh'd1 :5 put 91 #ha ,gr4 :5 tak5 out1 #age ,gr4 ,wat] exp5d$1 #dcdd ,gr4 ,?is ,plant 0 v lively2 & _h s5t out six collat]al ,bran*es1 & sev]al ,roots4 7,o47 ,hyde-,p>k ,conduit-wat]1 9 :i* 0 dissolv$ a ,dra*m ( ,nitre4 ,! ,m9t set 9 ?is sudd5ly began to )] & decay2 & di$ 9 a few ,days3 ,z likewise did two m ,sprigs1 t 7 set 9 x1 successively4 ,9 ano!r ,glass ,i dissolv'd an ,ounce ( good ,g>d5-m\ld1 & a ,dra*m ( ,nitre1 & 9 a ?ird1 half an ,ounce ( ,wood a%es1 & a ,dra*m ( ,nitre2 b ! ,plants 9 ^! succe$$ no bett] ?an 9 ! =m]4 ,9 o!r ,glasses ,i dissolv$ sev]al o!r sorts ( ,e>?s1 ,clays1 ,m>les1 & v>iety ( ,manures1 c4 ,i set ,m9t 9 di/ill'd ,m9t-wat]2 & o!r ,exp]im5ts ,i made1 ( sev]al k9ds1 9 ord] to get ,light & ,in=mation1 :at ha/5$ or ret>d$1 promot$ or imp$$ ,vegetation2 b ^! d n belong to ! ,head ,i am n[ ^u4 7,p47 ,hyde-,p>k ,conduit-wat]4 ,9 ?is ,i fix'd a ,glass-,tube ab\t t5 ,in*es long1 ! ,bore ab\t "o six? ( an ,in* 9 ,diamet]1 fill'd ) v f9e & :ite ,s&1 :i* ,i kept f fall+ d[n out ( ! ,tube into ! ,vial1 by ty+ a ?9 piece ( ,silk ov] t end ( ! ,tube t 0 d[nw>ds4 ,^u ,imm]sion ( ! l[] end ( x into ! ,wat]1 ?is by little & little asc5d$ q to ! upp] ,orifice ( ! ,tube4 ,& yet1 9 all ! fifty six ,days :i* x /ood ?us1 a v inconsid]able ,quantity ( ,wat] _h gone (f1 viz4 sc>ce tw5ty ,gra9s2 ?\gh ! ,s& cont9u$ moi/ up to ! top till ! v la/4 ,! ,wat] _h imp>t$ a gre5 ,t9cture to ! ,s&1 q to ! v top ( ! ,tube4 ,&1 9 ! ,vial1 x _h precipitat$ a gre5i% ,s$im5t1 mix'd ) black4 ,to ! bottom & sides ( ! ,tube1 z f> z 'twas imm]s'd 9 ! ,wat]1 adh]'d pretty mu* ( ! gre5 ,sub/ance describ'd above4 ,o!r l ,tubes ,i fill'd ) ,cotton1 ,l9t1 ,pi? ( ,eld]1 & sev]al o!r por\s ,vegetable ,sub/ances2 sett+ "s ( !m 9 cle> ,wat]2 o!rs 9 ,wat] t+$ ) ,saffron1 ,co*9ele1 c4 ,& sev]al o!r ,trials 7 made1 9 ord] to give a me*anical ,repres5tation ( ! motion & di/ribution ( ! ,juices 9 ,plants2 & ( "s o!r ,phnom5a obs]vable 9 ,vegetation1 :i* ,i %all n give ! ,p>ticul>s ( "h1 z be+ n ( use to my pres5t design4 7,q1 ,r1 ,s1 c47 ,sev]al ,plants set 9 ,vials1 ord]$ 9 l mann] z ^? above1 9 ,octob]1 & ! foll[+ cold] ,mon?s4 ,^! ?rove n ne> s mu*2 nor did ! ,wat] asc5d 9 nigh ! quantity x did 9 ! bett] ,seasons1 9 :i* ! be=e recit$ ,trials 7 made4 ,"s ,reflections ^u ! =ego+ ,exp]im5ts4 #a4 ,9 ,plants ( ! same k9d1 ! less !y are 9 ,bulk1 ! small] ! ,quantity ( ! fluid ,mass1 9 :i* !y are set1 is drawn (f2 ! ,disp5dium ( x1 :]e ! ,mass is ( equal ?ickness1 be+ pretty ne>ly proportion'd to ! ,bulk1 ( ! ,plant4 ,?us t 9 ! ,glass m>k'd ,a1 :i* weigh'd only #bg ,gra9s1 drew (f b #beeh ,gra9s ( ! ,fluid2 & t 9 ,b1 :i* weigh'd only #bh1 took up b #cjjd ,gra9s2 :]eas t 9 ,h1 :i* weigh'd #abg ,gra9s1 sp5t #adaij ,gra9s ( ! ,liquid ,mass4 ,! ,wat] seems to asc5d up ! ,vessels ( ,plants1 9 mu* ! same mann] z up a ,filtre2 & 'tis no great wond] t a l>g] ,filtre %\ld draw (f m ,wat] ?an a less]2 or t a ,plant t has m & l>g] ,vessels1 %\ld take up a great] %>e ( ! ,fluid 9 :i* x is set1 ?an "o t has few] & small] ones c4 ,nor d ,i note ?is z a ?+ v consid]able 9 x self1 b *iefly 9 reg>d to :at ,i am ab\t to (f] b5ea?2 & t x may be se5 t1 9 my o!r ,collations ( ,?+s1 ,i made due ,all[ance = ?is ,diff]5ce4 #b4 ,! mu* greate/ "p ( ! fluid ,mass1 t is ?us drawn (f & convey'd into ! ,plants1 does n settle or abide !re2 b passes ?r\gh ! pores ( !m1 & exhales up into ! ,atmosph]e4 ,t ! ,wat] 9 ^! ,exp]im5ts asc5d$ only ?r\gh ! ,vessel ( ! ,plants1 is c]ta94 ,! ,glasses ,f & ,g1 t _h no ,plants 9 !m1 ?\gh dispos$ ( 9 l mann] z ! re/1 rema9'd at ! ,end ( ! ,exp]im5t1 z at fir/2 & none ( ! ,wat] 0 gone (f4 ,& t ! greate/ "p ( x flies (f f ! ,plant into ! ,atmosph]e1 is z c]ta94 ,! lea/ ,proportion ( ! ,wat] exp5d$1 0 to ! ,augm5t ( ! ,plant1 z #df or #ej to #a4 ,& 9 "s ! weight ( ! ,wat] drawn (f1 0 #ajj1 #bjj1 nay1 9 "o above #gjj times z mu* z ! ,plant _h receiv$ ( ,addition4 ,?is s cont9ual an ,emission & ,deta*m5t ( ,wat]1 9 s great ,pl5ty f ! ,p>ts ( ,plants1 af=ds u a manife/ ,reason :y ,c\ntries t ab\nd ) ,trees1 & ! l>g] ,vegetables especially1 %\ld be v obnoxi\s to ,damps1 great ,humidity 9 ! ,air1 & m frequ5t ,ra9s1 ?an o!rs t are m op5 & free4 ,! great ,moi/ure 9 ! ,air1 0 a mighty inconv5i5ce & annoyance to ^? :o fir/ settl$ 9 ,am]ica2 :i* at t "t 0 mu* ov]gr[n ) ,woods & ,groves4 ,b z ^! 7 burnt & de/roy'd1 to make way = ,habitation & ,culture ( ! ,e>?1 ! ,air m5d$ & cle>'d up apace1 *ang+ into a ,temp] mu* m dry & s]5e ?an be=e4 ,nor does ?is ,humidity g (f pure & alone2 b usually be>s =? ) x _m ,p>ts ( ! same ,nature ) ^? :]e( ! ,plant1 ?r\gh :i* x passes1 consi/s4 ,! ,crass] inde$ are n s easily born up into ! ,atmosph]e2 b are usually deposit$ on ! ,surface ( ! ,fl[]s1 ,leaves1 & o!r ,p>ts ( ! ,plants3 ,h5ce comes our ,manna's1 our ,honeys1 & o!r ,gumm\s ,exsudations ( ,vegetables4 ,b ! f9] & light] ,p>ts are ) great] ease s5t up into ! ,atmosph]e4 ,!nce !y are convey$ to our ,organs ( ,smell1 by ! ,air we draw 9 ,respiration2 & are pleasant or (f5sive1 b5efic5t or injuri\s to u1 accord+ to ! ,nature ( ! ,plants f :5ce !y arise4 ,& s9ce ^! owe _! ,rise to ! ,wat]1 t asc5ds out ( ! ,e>? ?r\gh ! ,bodies ( ,plants1 we _c be f> to seek = ! ,cause :y !y are m num]\s 9 ! ,air1 & we f9d a great] quantity ( ,odors exhal+ f ,vegetables1 9 w>m1 humid ,seasons1 ?an 9 any o!r :atev]4 #c4 ,a great "p ( ! ,t]re/rial ,matt] t is mix'd ) ! ,wat]1 asc5ds up into ! ,plant z well z ! ,wat]4 ,!re 0 mu* m ,t]re/rial ,matt] at ! end ( ! ,exp]im5t1 9 ! ,wat] ( ! ,glasses ,f & ,g1 t _h no ,plants 9 !m1 ?an 9 ^? t _h ,plants4 ,! ,g>d5-m\ld dissolv$ 9 ! ,glasses ,k & ,l1 0 consid]ably dim9i%$1 & c>ri$ (f4 ,nay1 ! ,t]re/rial & ,vegetable ,matt] 0 born up 9 ! ,tubes fill'd ) ,s&1 ,cotton1 c4 9 t ,quantity1 z to be evid5t ev5 to ,s5se4 ,& ! ,bodies 9 ! ,cavities ( ! o!r ,tubes1 t _h _! l[] ,ends imm]s'd 9 ,wat]1 :]e9 ,saffron1 ,co*9ele1 c4 _h be5 infus$1 7 t+$ ) ,yell[1 ,purple1 c4 ,if ,i may be p]mitt$ to look abroad a :ile1 t[>ds our ,%ores & ,p>ts )9 ! ,v]ge ( ! ,sea1 ^! w pres5t u ) a l>ge ,sc5e ( ,plants1 t1 along ) ! ,vegetable1 take up into !m me] m9]al ,matt] also 9 great abundance4 ,su* are our ,sea-,pursla9s1 ! sev]al sorts ( ,alga's1 ( ,sampires1 & o!r m>9e ,plants4 ,^! conta9 common ,sea-salt1 :i* is all "o ) ! ,fossil1 9 su* pl5ty1 z n only to be pla9ly di/+ui%'d on ! ,palate1 b may be drawn =? ( !m 9 consid]able ,quantity4 ,nay1 !re want n ^? :o affirm1 !re are ,plants f\nd t w yield ,nitre1 & o!r m9]al ,salts2 ( :i* inde$ ,i am n s f> satisfi$1 t ,i c dep5d on ! ,?+1 & !re=e give ?is only z an h9t = ,enquiry4 ,to g on ) ! ,vegetable ,matt]1 h[ apt & h[ mu* dispos$ ?is1 be+ s v f9e & light1 is to att5d ,wat] 9 all its ,motions1 & foll[ x into ea* ( its ,recesses1 is manife/1 n only f ! ,in/ances above all$g'd1 b _m o!rs4 ,p]colate x )al ! ,c>e imag9able3 ,filt] x ) nev] s _m ,filtrations1 yet "s ,t]re/rial ,matt] w rema94 ',tis true1 ! ,fluid w be ?9n] e "t ?an o!r1 & m dis+ag$ ( ! said ,matt]2 b nev] :olly free & cle>4 ,i h filtr$ ,wat] ?or\gh sev]al :olly free & cle> ,%eets ( ?ick ,pap]2 &1 aft] t1 ?r\gh v close f9e ,clo? twelve times d\bl$4 ,nay1 ,i h done ?is ov] & ov]2 & yet a consid]able quantity ( ?is ,matt] discov]'d x self 9 ! ,wat] aft] all4 ,n[ if x ?us pass ,int]/ices1 t are s v small & f9e along ) ! ,wat]1 'tis ! less /range x %\ld att5d x 9 its passage ?r\gh ! ,ducts & ,vessels ( ,plants4 ',tis true1 filt]+ & di/ill+ ( ,wat] int]cepts & makes x quit "s ( ! ,e>?y ,matt] x 0 be=e impregnat$ )al3 ,b !n t :i* cont9ues ) ! ,wat] aft] ?is1 is f9e & light2 & su* consequ5tly1 z is 9 a peculi> mann] fit = ! ,gr[? & ,n\ri%m5t ( ,vegetables4 ,& ?is is ! ,case ( ,ra9-wat]4 ,! ,quantity ( ,t]re/rial ,matt] x be>s up into ! ,atmosph]e1 is n great4 ,b t :i* x does be> up1 is ma9ly ( t light k9d ( ,vegetable ,matt]2 & t too p]fectly dissolv$1 & r$uc$ to s+le ,corpuscles1 all fit to ent] ! ,tubules & ,vessels ( ,plants3 ,on :i* ,acc\nt 'tis1 t ?is ,wat] is s v f]tile & prolifick4 ,! ,reason1 :y 9 ?is ,proposition1 ,i say1 only a great "p ( ! ,t]re/rial ,matt] t is mix'd ) ! ,wat]1 asc5ds up ) x into ! ,plant1 is1 because all ( x _c4 ,! ,m9]al ,matt] is a great deal ( x1 n only gross & pond]\s1 b scabr\s & inflexible2 & s n dispos$ to ent] ! ,pores ( ! ,roots4 ,& a great _m ( ! simple ,vegetable ,p>ticles by degrees unite1 & =m "s ( !m small ,clods or ,molecul2 su* z ^? m5tion'd 9 ,h1 ,k1 & ,l1 /ick+ to ! ,extremities ( ! ,roots ( ^? ,plants4 ,o!rs ( !m intangle 9 a loos] mann]2 & =m ! ,nubecul1 & gre5 ,bodies1 s commonly obs]v'd 9 /agnant ,wat]4 ,^!1 :5 ?us conjo9'd1 are too big to ent] ! ,pores1 or asc5d up ! ,vessels ( ,plants1 :i* s+ly !y might h done4 ,!y :o are conv]sant 9 ,agriculture1 w easily subscribe to ?is4 ,!y are well aw>e t1 be _! ,e>? nev] s ri*1 s good1 & s fit = ! production ( ,corn or o!r ,vegetables1 little w come ( x1 unless ! ,p>ts ( x be sep>at$ & loose4 ',tis on ?is ,acc\nt !y be/[ ! ,pa9s !y d 9 ,culture ( x1 9 ,digg+1 ,pl[+1 ,h>r[+1 & ,break+ ( ! ,clodd$ ,lumps ( ,e>?4 ',tis ! same way t ,sea-salt1 ,nitre1 & o!r ,salts1 promote ,vegetation4 ,i am sorry ,i _c subscribe to ! ,op9ion ( ^? ,le>n$ ,g5tlem51 :o imag9e ,nitre to be ess5tial to ,plants2 & t no?+ 9 ! ,vegetable ,k+dom is transact$ )\t x4 ,by all ! ,trials ,i h be5 able to make1 ! ?+ is q o!rwise2 & :5 contigu\s to ! ,plant1 x r de/roys ?an n\ri%es x4 ,b ?is ,nitre & o!r ,salts c]ta9ly d2 !y loos5 ! ,e>?1 & sep>ate ! concret$ ,p>ts ( x2 by t means fitt+ & dispos+ !m to be assum$ by ! ,wat]1 & c>ri$ up into ! ,se$ or ,plant1 = its ,=mation & ,augm5t4 ,!re's no ,man b mu/ obs]ve1 h[ apt all sorts ( ,salts are to be wr\ght ^u by ,moi/ure2 h[ easily !y liquate & run ) x2 & :5 ^! are drawn (f1 & h des]t$ ! ,lumps :]e) !y 7 incorporat$1 ^? mu/ m\ld] imm$iately1 & fall asund] ( ,c\rse4 ,! h>de/ ,/one we meet )1 if x happ51 z frequ5tly x does1 to h any sort ( ,salt int]mix'd ) ! ,s&1 ( :i* x consi/s1 ^u be+ expos'd to an humid ,air1 9 a %ort "t dissolves & crumbles all to pieces2 & mu* m w clodd$ ,e>? or ,clay1 :i* is n ( ne> s compact & solid a ,con/itution z ,/one is4 ,! same way likewise is ,lime s]viceable 9 ?is ,affair4 ,! ,husb&m5 say ( x1 t x does n fatt51 b only mell[s ! ,gr\nd3 ,by :i* !y mean1 t x does n conta9 any ?+ 9 x self t is ( ! same ,nature ) ! ,vegetable ,m\ld1 or af=d any ,matt] fit = ! ,=mation ( ,plants2 b me]ly s(t5s & relaxes ! ,e>?2 by t means r5d]+ x m capable ( ent]+ ! ,se$s & ,vegetables set 9 x1 9 ord] to _! ,n\ri%m5t1 ?an o!rwise x w\ld h be54 ,! ,prop]ties ( ,lime are well kn[n2 & h[ apt 'tis to be put into ,f]m5t & ,commotion by ,wat]4 ,nor c su* ,commotion ev] happ5 :5 ,lime is mix'd ) ,e>?1 h[ev] h>d & clodd$ t may be1 )\t op5+ & loos5+ ( x4 #d4 ,! ,plant is m or less n\ri%'d & augm5t$1 9 ,proportion z ! ,wat]1 9 :i* x /&s1 conta9s a great] or small] ,quantity ( prop] t]re/rial ,matt] 9 x4 ,! ,tru? ( ?is ,proportion is s em95tly disc]nable ?r\gh ! :ole ,process ( ^! ,trials1 t ,i ?9k no d\bt c be made ( x4 ,! ,m9t 9 ! ,glass ,c1 0 ( mu* ! same ,bulk & ,weight ) ^? 9 ,a & ,b4 ,b ! ,wat]1 9 :i* t 01 be+ ,riv]-wat]1 :i* 0 app>5tly /or$ m copi\sly ) t]re/rial ,matt]1 ?an ! ,spr+ or ,ra9-wat]1 :]e9 !y /ood1 72 x _h ?riv5 to almo/ d\ble ! ,bulk t ei!r ( !m _h1 & ) a less ,exp5ce ( ,wat] too4 ,s likewise ! ,m9t 9 ,l1 9 ^: ,wat] 0 dissolv$ a small quantity ( good ,g>d5-m\ld1 ?\gh x _h ! disadvantage#h to be less1 :5 fir/ set1 ?an ei!r ( ! ,m9ts 9 ,h or ,i1 ^: ,wat] 0 ! v same ) ?is 9 ,l1 b _h none ( t ,e>? mix'd ) x2 yet1 9 a %ort "t ! ,plant n only ov]took1 b mu* out-/rip'd ^? & at ! end ( ! ,exp]im5t 0 v consid]ably bigg] & heavi] ?an ei!r ( !m4 ,9 l mann] ! ,m9t 9 ,n1 ?\gh less at ! beg9n+ ?an t 9 ,m1 be+ set 9 t ?ick1 turbid1 fecul5t ,wat]1 t rema9$ beh9d1 aft] t :]e9 ,m 0 plac$1 0 /ill'd (f1 _h 9 f9e m ?an d\ble its orig9al weight & bulk2 & receiv'd above twice ! additional ,encrease1 ?an t 9 ,m1 :i* /ood 9 ! ?9n] di/ill'd ,wat]1 _h done4 ,&1 :i* is n less consid]able1 _h n drawn (f half ! ,quantity ( ,wat] t t _h4 ,:y1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ?is ,article1 ,i limit ! ,proportion ( ! ,augm5t ( ! ,plant to ! ,quantity ( prop] ,t]re/rial ,matt] 9 ! ,wat]1 is1 because all1 ev5 ! ,vegetable ,matt]1 to say no?+ ( ! ,m9]al1 is n prop] = ! ,n\ri%m5t ( e ,plant4 ,!re may be1 & d\btless are1 "s ,p>ts 9 diff]5t ,species ( ,plants1 t may be mu* alike1 & s owe _! ,supply to ! same common ,matt]2 b 'tis pla9 all _c4 ,& !re are o!r ,p>ts s diff]+1 t 'tis no ways cr$ible !y %\ld be =m$ all out ( ! same sort ( ,corpuscles4 ,s f> f x1 t !re want n good ,indications1 z we %all see by & by1 t e k9d ( ,vegetable requires a peculi> & specifick ,matt] = its ,=mation & ,n\ri%m5t4 ,yea1 ea* ,"p ( ! same ,vegetable does s2 & !re are v _m & diff]5t ,+r$i5ts g to ! ,composition ( ! same individual ,plant4 ,if !re=e ! ,soil1 :]e9 any ,vegetable or ,se$ is plant$1 conta9s all or mo/ ( ^! +r$i5ts1 & ^? 9 due quantity1 x w gr[ & ?rive !re2 o!rwise 'twill n4 ,if !re be n z _m sorts ( ,corpuscles z are requisite = ! ,con/itution ( ! ma9 & m ess5tial ,p>ts ( ! ,plant1 'twill n prosp] at all4 ,if !re be ^!1 & n 9 suffici5t ,pl5ty1 'twill />ve1 & nev] arrive to its natural ,/ature3 ,or if !re be any ! less necess>y & ess5tial ,corpuscles want+1 !re w be "s failure 9 ! ,plant2 'twill be defective 9 ,ta/e1 9 ,smell1 9 ,col\r1 or "s o!r way4 ,b ?\gh a ,tract ( ,l& may happ5 n to conta9 ,matt] prop] = ! ,con/itution ( "s "o peculi> k9d ( ,plant2 yet x may = sev]al o!rs1 & ^? mu* diff]+ among !mselves4 ,! ,vegetative ,p>ticles are commix'd & bl5d$ 9 ! ,e>?1 ) all ! div]sity & v>iety1 z well z all ! unc]ta9ty1 conceivable4 ,i h giv5 "s intimations ( ?is else:]e#i1 & %all n repeat !m "h1 b hope 9 due "t to put !m into a mu* bett] ,light ?an t !y !re /& 94 ,x is n possible to imag9e1 h[ "o uni=m1 homog5e\s ,matt]1 hav+ its ,pr9ciples or ,orig9al ,p>ts all ( ! same ,sub/ance1 ,con/itution1 ,magnitude1 ,figure1 & ,gravity1 %\ld ev] con/itute ,bodies s egregi\sly unlike1 9 all ^? respects1 z ,vegetables ( diff]5t k9ds are2 nay1 ev5 z ! diff]5t ,p>ts ( ! same ,vegetable4 ,t "o %\ld c>ry a res9\s1 ano!r a milky1 a ?ird a yell[1 a f\r? a r$ ,juice1 9 its ,ve9s2 "o af=d a fragrant1 ano!r an (f5sive ,smell2 "o be sweet to ! ,ta/e1 ano!r bitt]1 acid1 ac]be1 au/]e1 c4 t "o %\ld be n\ri%+1 ano!r poison\s1 "o purg+1 ano!r a/r+5t3 ,9 brief1 t !re %\ld be t va/ diff]5ce 9 !m1 9 _! sev]al ,con/itutions1 ,makes1 ,prop]ties1 & ,effects1 & yet all arise f ! v same sort ( ,matt]1 w\ld be v /range4 ,&1 to note by ! by1 ?is ,argum5t makes equally /rong aga9/ ^?1 :o suppose me] ,wat] ! ,matt]1 out ( :i* all ,bodies are =m'd4 ,! ,cataputia 9 ! ,glass ,e1 receiv$ b v little ,encrease1 only ?ree ,gra9s & an half all ! :ile x /ood1 ?\gh #beja ,gra9s ( ,wat] 7 sp5t ^u x4 ,i w n say ! ,reason 01 because t ,wat] did n conta9 9 x ,matt] fit & prop] = ! ,n\ri%m5t ( t peculi> & rem>kable ,plant4 ,no1 x may be ! ,wat] 0 n a prop] ,m$ium = x to gr[ 92 & we "k !re are v _m ,plants t w n ?rive 9 x4 ,too mu* ( t ,liquor1 9 "s ,plants1 may probably hurry ! ,t]re/rial ,matt] ?or\gh _! ,vessels too fa/ = !m to arre/ & lay hold ( x4 ,be t z x w1 'tis mo/ c]ta9 !re are peculi> ,soils t suit p>ticul> ,plants4 ,9 ,engl&1 ,*]ries are obs]v'd to succe$ be/ 9 ,k5t2 ,apples 9 ,h]e=d%ire2 ,saffron 9 ,cambridge%ire2 ,wood 9 two or ?ree ( our ,midl& ,c\nties2 & ,teazles 9 ,som]set%ire4 ,?is is an ,obs]vation t ha? held 9 all ,p>ts1 & inde$ 9 all ,ages ( ! ,_w4 ,! mo/ anci5t ,writ]s ( ,husb&ry#aj took notice ( x2 & are n want+ 9 _! ,rules = mak+ *oice ( ,soils suit$ to ! ,nature ( ea* k9d ( ,vegetable !y ?\ght valuable1 or wor? propagat+4 ,b1 :i* is a fur!r ,pro( ( :at ,i am "h endeav\r+ to advance1 t ,soil t is once prop] & fit = ! ,production ( "s "o sort ( ,vegetable1 does n ev] cont9ue to be s4 ,no1 9 ,tract ( "t x loses t ,prop]ty2 b soon] 9 "s ,l&s1 & lat] 9 o!rs3 ,?is is :at all :o are conv]sant 9 ^! ?+s "k v well4 ,if ,:eat1 = ,example1 be s[n ^u a ,tract ( ,l& t is prop] = t ,gra91 ! fir/ ,crop w succe$ v well2 & p]haps ! second1 & ! ?ird1 z long z ! ,gr\nd is 9 ,he>t1 z ! ,f>m]s speak2 b 9 a few ,ye>s 'twill produce no m1 if s[$ ) t ,corn3 ,"s o!r ,gra9 inde$ x may1 z ,b>ley4 ,& aft] ?is has be5 s[n s (t51 t ! ,l& c br+ =? no m ( ! same1 x may aft]w>ds yield good ,oats2 &1 p]haps1 ,pease aft] !m4 ,at l5g? 'twill become b>r52 ! ,vegetative ,matt]1 t at fir/ x ab\nd$ )al1 be+ educ$ =? ( x by ^? successive ,crops1 & mo/ ( x born (f4 ,ea* sort ( ,gra9 takes =? t peculi> ,matt] t is prop] = its own ,n\ri%m5t4 ,fir/1 ! ,:eat draws (f ^? ,p>ticles t suit ! ,body ( t ,plant2 ! re/ ly+ all quiet & undi/urb$ ! :ile4 ,& :5 ! ,e>? has yield$ up all !m1 ^? t are prop] = ,b>ley1 a diff]5t ,gra91 rema9 /ill beh9d1 till ! successive ,crops ( t ,corn fet* !m =? too4 ,& s ! ,oats & ,pease1 9 _! ,turn2 till 9 f9e all is c>ri$ (f1 & ! ,e>? 9 great measure dra9'd ( t sort ( ,matt]4 ,aft] all :i*1 t v ,tract ( ,l& may be br\ght to produce ano!r ,s]ies ( ! same ,vegetables2 b nev] till 'tis suppli$ ) a new ,fund ( ,matt]1 ( l sort ) t x at fir/ conta9'd4 ,?is ,supply is made sev]al ways3 ,by ! ,gr\nds ly+ fall[ = "s "t1 till ! ,ra9 has p\r'd d[n a fre% ,/ock ^u x3 ,or1 by ! ,till]'s ,c>e 9 manur+ ( x4 ,& = f>!r ,evid5ce t ?is ,supply is 9 reality ( l sort1 we ne$ only reflect a :ile ^u ^? ,manures t are f\nd by con/ant ,exp]i5ce be/ to promote ,vegetation1 & ! ,fruitfulness ( ! ,e>?4 ,^! are *iefly ei!r p>ts ( ,vegetables1 or ( ,animals2 :i* inde$ ei!r d]ive _! own ,n\ri%m5t imm$iately f ,vegetable ,bodies1 or f o!r ,animals t d s4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ! ,blood1 ,ur9e1 & ,excrem5ts ( ,animals2 ,%av+s ( ,horns1 & ( ,ho(s2 ,hair1 ,wool1 ,fea!rs2 calc9'd ,%ells2 ,lees ( ,w9e1 & ( ,be]2 ,a%es ( all sorts ( ,vegetable ,bodies2 ,leaves1 ,/raw1 ,roots1 & ,/ubble1 turn'd into ! ,e>? by ,pl[+ or o!rwise to rot & dissolve !re3 ,^!1 ,i say1 are our be/ ,manures2 &1 be+ ,vegetable ,sub/ances1 :5 refund$ back aga9 into ! ,e>?1 s]ve = ! ,=mation ( o!r l ,bodies4 ,n :olly to conf9e our ,?\ghts to ! ,fields1 let u look a :ile into our ,g>d5s2 :]e we %all meet ) /ill fur!r ,confirmations ( ! same ?+4 ,! ,trees1 ,%rubs1 & ,h]bs cultivat$ 9 ^!1 aft] !y h cont9u$ 9 "o ,/ation1 till !y h d]iv$ !nce ! great] "p ( ! ,matt] fit = _! ,augm5t1 w decay & deg5]ate1 unless ei!r fre% ,e>?1 or "s fit ,manure1 be appli$ unto !m4 ',tis true1 !y may ma9ta9 !mselves !re = "s "t1 by s5d+ =? ,roots fur!r & fur!r to a great ,ext5t all r\nd1 to fet* 9 m remote ,provision2 b at la/ all w fail2 & !y mu/ ei!r h a fre% ,supply br\ght to !m1 or !y !mselves be remov$ & transplant$ to "s ,place bett] furni%$ ) ,matt] = _! ,subsi/5ce4 ,& accord+ly ,g>d9]s obs]ve1 t ,plants t h /ood a great :ile 9 a ,place1 h long] ,roots ?an usual2 "p ( :i* !y cut (f1 :5 !y transplant !m to a fre% ,soil1 z n[ n ( any fur!r use to !m4 ,all ^! ,in/ances1 to pass ov] a great _m o!rs t might be all$g'd1 po9t =? a p>ticul> ,t]re/rial ,matt]1 & n ,wat]1 = ! ,subject to :i* ,plants owe _! ,increase4 ,7 x ,wat] only1 !re w\ld be no ne$ ( ,manures2 or ( transplant+ !m f place to place4 ,! ,ra9 falls 9 all ,places alike2 9 ?is ,field & 9 t indiff]5tly2 9 "o side ( an ,or*>d or ,g>d51 z well z ano!r4 ,nor c\ld !re be any ,reason1 :y a ,tract ( ,l& %\ld yield ,:eat "o ,ye>1 & n ! next2 s9ce ! ,ra9 %[]s d[n alike 9 ea*4 ,b ,i am s5sible ,i h c>ri$ on ?is ,article to too great a l5g?2 :i* yet on s ample & ext5sive a ,subject1 'twas n easie to avoid4 #e4 ,vegetables are n =m'd ( ,wat]2 b ( a c]ta9 peculi> ,t]re/rial ,matt]4 ,x ha? be5 %ewn1 t !re is a consid]able ,quantity ( ?is ,matt] conta9'd bo? 9 ,ra91 ,spr+1 & ,riv]-wat]3 ,t ! mu* greate/ "p ( ! fluid ,mass t asc5ds up into ,plants1 does n settle or abide !re1 b passes ?r\gh ! ,pores ( !m1 & exhales up into ! ,atmosph]e2 ,t a great "p ( ! ,t]re/rial ,matt]1 mix'd ) ! ,wat]1 passes up into ! ,plant along ) x2 & t ! ,plant is m or less augm5t$ 9 proportion1 z ! ,wat] conta9s a great] or small] ,quantity ( t ,matt]4 ,f all :i* we may v reasonably inf]1 t ,e>?1 & n ,wat]1 is ! ,matt] t con/itutes ,vegetables4 ,! ,plant 9 ,e1 drew up into x #beja ,gra9s ( ! fluid ,mass2 & yet _h receiv$ b ,gra9s #c & a half ( ,increase f all t4 ,! ,m9t 9 ,l1 ?\gh x _h at fir/ ! disadvantage to be mu* less ?an t 9 ,i2 yet be+ set 9 ,wat] :]e) ,e>? 0 pl5tifully mix'd1 & t 9 ,i1 only 9 ,wat] )\t any su* additional ,e>?1 x _h va/ly outgr[n ! o!r1 weigh+ at la/ #ade ,gra9s m ?an t did1 & s hav+ ga9'd ab\t twice z mu* z t _h4 ,9 l mann] t 9 ,k1 ?\gh 'twas a great deal less :5 put 9 ?an t 9 ,i1 & also 0 impair'd & (f5d$ by ,insects2 yet be+ plant$ 9 ,wat] :]e9 ,e>? 0 dissolv$1 :]eas ! ,wat] 9 :i* x /ood _h none1 x n only ov]-took1 b consid]ably surpass'd ! o!r2 weigh+ at la/ #bi ,gra9s m ?an t 9 ,i1 & yet _h n exp5d$ s mu* ,wat] z t1 by above #bdjj ,gra9s4 ,! ,plant 9 ,n1 ?o' at fir/ a great deal less ?an t 9 ,m2 yet be+ set 9 ! f\l crass ,wat] t 0 left 9 ! ,/ill1 aft] t1 9 :i* ,m 0 set1 0 drawn (f1 9 ,conclusion _h ga9'd 9 weight above d\ble :at t 9 ! f9] & ?9n] ,wat] _h4 ,! ,proportion ( ! ,augm5t ( t ,plant t ?rove mo/ 01 to ! fluid ,mass sp5t ^u x1 b z #a to #df4 ,9 o!rs1 'twas b z #a to #fj1 #ajj1 #bjj2 nay1 9 ! ,cataputia1 'twas b z #a to #gad4 ,! ,m9t 9 ,b took up #ci ,gra9s ( ,wat] a-day1 "o day ) ano!r2 :i* 0 mu* m ?an ! :ole weight ( ! ,plant orig9ally2 & yet1 ) all ?is1 x ga9'd n "o f\r? ( a ,gra9 a-day 9 weight4 ,nay1 t 9 ,h took up #bec ,gra9s a day ( ! ,fluid3 ,:i* 0 ne> twice z mu* z its orig9al ,weight1 x weigh+1 :5 fir/ set 9 ! ,wat]1 b #abg ,gra9s4 ,&1 aft] all1 ! daily ,encrease ( ! ,plant 0 no m ?an ,gra9s #b-ae_/ef4 #f4 ,spr+1 & ,ra9-wat]1 conta9 pretty ne> an equal ,*>ge ( ,vegetable ,matt]2 ,riv]-wat] m ?an ei!r ( !m4 ,! ,plants 9 ! ,glasses ,a1 ,b1 & ,c1 7 at fir/ ( mu* ! same size & weight4 ,at ! ,end ( ! ,exp]im5t1 ! ,m9t 9 ,a _h ga9'd #ae ,gra9s out ( #beeh ,gra9s ( ,spr+-wat]2 t 9 ,b1 ,gra9s #ag & an half1 out ( #cjjd ,gra9s ( ,ra9-wat]2 b t 9 ,c _h got #bf ,gra9s out ( only #bdic ,gra9s ( ,riv]-wat]4 ,i d n f\nd ?is ,proposition solely ^u ^! ,trials2 hav+ made "s m1 :i* ,i d n relate "h1 t agree well en\gh ) ^!4 ,s t ! ,proportions "h deliv]'d1 w hold = ! ma92 b a /rict & j ,comp>ison is h>dly to be expect$4 ,s f> f x1 t ,i make no d\bt1 b ! ,wat] t falls 9 ,ra91 at "s times1 conta9s a great] %>e ( ,t]re/rial ,matt] ?an t :i* falls at o!rs4 ,a m p[]ful & int5se ,heat mu/ ne$s hurry up a l>g] quantity ( t ,matt] along ) ! humid ,vap\rs t =m ,ra91 ?an "o m feeble & remiss ev] possibly c4 ,! ,wat] ( "o ,spr+ may fl[ =? ) an high] ,*>ge ( ?is ,matt]1 ?an t ( ano!r2 ?is dep5d+ p>tly ^u ! quickness ( ! ,ebullition ( ! ,wat]1 & p>tly ^u ! ,quantity ( t ,matt] lat5t 9 ! ,/rata1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,fluid passes1 & ! great] or less laxity ( ^? ,/rata4 ,= ! same ,reason1 ! ,wat] ( "o ,riv] may ab\nd ) x m ?an t ( ano!r4 ,nay1 ! same ,riv]1 :5 mu* agitat$1 & 9 commotion1 mu/ be> up m ( x1 ?an :5 x moves ) less rapidity & viol5ce4 ,t !re is a great ,quantity ( ?is ,matt] 9 ,riv]s2 & t x contributes va/ly to ! ord9>y ,f]tility ( ! ,e>?1 we h an illu/ri\s ,in/ance 9 ! ,nile1 ! ,ganges1 & o!r ,riv]s t ye>ly ov]fl[ ! neighb\r+ ,pla9s4 ,_! ,banks %ew ! faire/ & l>ge/ ,crops ( any 9 ! :ole ,_w4 ,!y are ev5 load$ ) ! multitude ( _! ,productions2 & ^? :o h n se5 !m1 w h>dly be induc$ to believe ! mighty ,returns ^? ,tracts make 9 comp>ison ( o!rs1 t h n ! ,b5efit ( l ,inundations4 #g4 ,wat] s]ves only = a ,vehicle to ! ,t]re/rial ,matt]1 :i* =ms ,vegetables2 & does n x self make any addition unto !m4 ,:]e ! prop] ,t]re/rial ,matt] is want+1 ! ,plant is n augm5t$1 ?\gh nev] s mu* ,wat] asc5d into x4 ,! ,cataputia 9 ,e1 took up m ,wat] ?an ! ,m9t 9 ,c1 & yet _h gr[n b v little1 hav+ receiv$ only ?ree ,gra9s & an half ( additional weight2 :]eas ! o!r _h receiv$ no less ?an tw5ty six ,gra9s4 ,! ,m9t 9 ,i1 0 plant$ 9 ! same sort ( ,wat] z t 9 ,k1 02 only ! latt] _h ,e>? dissolv$ 9 ! ,wat]2 & yet t drew (f #acadj ,gra9s ( ! ,wat]1 ga9+ x self no m ?an #aci ,gra9s 9 weight2 :]eas ! o!r took up b #ajgca ,gra9s ( ! ,wat]1 & 0 augm5t$ #afh ,gra9s 9 weight4 ,consequ5tly t sp5t #bdji ,gra9s m ( ! ,wat] ?an ?is 9 ,k1 did1 & yet 0 n s mu* encreas$ 9 weight z ?is by #bi ,gra9s4 ,! ,m9t 9 ,m1 /ood 9 ! v same k9d ( ,wat] z t 9 ,n1 did4 ,b ! ,wat] 9 ,m1 hav+ mu* less ,t]re/rial ,matt] 9 x ?an t 9 ,n _h1 ! ,plant bore up #hhjc ,gra9s ( x1 ga9+ x self only #da ,gra9s ! :ile2 :]eas t 9 ,n drew (f no m ?an #dcdd ,gra9s1 & yet 0 augm5t$ #id ,gra9s4 ,s t x sp5t #ddei ,gra9s ( ,wat] m ?an t did2 & yet 0 n x self s mu* increas$ 9 weight1 z t 01 by #ec ,gra9s4 ,?is is bo? a v fair1 & a v conclusive ,in/ance2 on :i* ,acc\nt 'tis t ,i make (tn] use ( x4 ,inde$ !y are all s2 & to add any ?+ fur!r on ?is ,head1 w n be ne$ful4 ',tis evid5t !re=e ,wat] is n ! ,matt] t composes ,vegetable ,bodies4 ',tis only ! ,ag5t t conveys t ,matt] to !m2 t introduces & di/ributes x to _! sev]al ,p>ts = _! ,n\ri%m5t4 ,t ,matt] is sluggi% & unactive1 & w\ld lie et]nally conf9'd to its ,b$s ( ,e>?1 )\t ev] advanc+ up into ,plants1 did n ,wat]1 or "s l ,in/rum5t1 fet* x =? & c>ry x unto !m4 ,t !re=e !re is t pl5tiful ,provision1 & va/ ,abundance ( x suppli$ to all ,p>ts ( ! ,e>?1 is a m>k ( a natural ,provid5ce sup]9t5d+ ov] ! ,globe we inhabit2 & orda9+ a due ,disp5sation ( t ,fluid1 )\t ! ,m9i/ry ( :i* ! ,noble ,succession ( ,bodies we behold1 ,animals1 ,vegetables1 & ,m9]als1 w\ld be all at a /&#aa4 ,b to keep to ,plants1 'tis manife/ ,wat]1 z well on ?is1 z ^u ! o!r ,hypo!sis1 is absolutely necess>y 9 ! ,affair ( ,vegetation2 & x w n succe$ )\t x3 ,:i* inde$ gave occasion to ! ,op9ion1 t ,wat] x self n\ri%$1 & 0 *ang$ into ,vegetable ,bodies4 ,!y saw1 ?\gh ^! 7 plant$ 9 a ,soil nev] s ri*1 s happy1 s advantage\s1 no?+ came ( x unless !re 0 ,wat] too 9 a consid]able quantity4 ,& x mu/ be all['d ,vegetables w n come on or prosp] :]e t is want+3 ,b yet :at ^? ,g5tlem5 inf]r'd !nce1 0 n1 we see1 well gr\nd$4 ,?is ,fluid is capacitat$ = ! ,(fice "h assign'd x sev]al ways3 ,by ! ,figure ( its ,p>ts1 :i*1 z appe>s f _m ,exp]im5ts1 is exactly & ma!matically ,sph]ical2 _! ,surfaces be+ p]fectly polite1 & )\t any ! lea/ ,inequalities4 ',tis evid5t1 ,corpuscles ( su* a ,figure are easily susceptible ( ,motion1 yea1 f> above any o!rs :atev]2 & consequ5tly ! mo/ capable ( mov+ & convey+ o!r ,matt]1 t is n s active & voluble4 ,!n ! ,int]vals ( ,bodies ( t ,figure are1 ) respect to _! ,bulk1 ( all o!rs ! l>ge/2 & s ! mo/ fitt$ to receive & ent]ta9 =eign ,matt] 9 !m4 ,besides1 z f> z ! ,trials hi!rto made in=m u1 ! con/itu5t ,corpuscles ( ,wat] are1 ea* s+ly consid]'d1 absolutely solid2 & d n yield to ! greate/ ,ext]nal ,=ce4 ,?is secures _! ,figure aga9/ any ,alt]ation2 & ! ,int]vals ( ! ,corpuscles mu/ be always alike4 ,by ! latt]1 'twill be ev] dispos$ to receive ,matt] into x2 & by ! =m]1 :5 once receiv$1 to be> x on along ) x4 ,wat] is fur!r capacitat$ to be a ,vehicle to ?is ,matt]1 by ! t5uity & f95ess ( ! ,corpuscles ( :i* x consi/s4 ,we h>dly "k any ,fluid 9 all ,nature1 except ,fire1 ^: con/itu5t ,p>ts are s exce$+ subtle & small z ^? ( ,wat] are4 ,!y'll pass ,pores & ,int]/ices1 t nei!r ,air nor any o!r ,fluid w4 ,?is enables !m to ent] ! f9e/ ,tubes & ,vessels ( ,plants1 & to introduce ! ,t]re/rial ,matt]1 convey+ x to all ,p>ts ( !m2 :il/ ea*1 by means ( ,organs 'tis end[$ ) = ! ,purpose1 int]cepts & assumes into x self su* ,p>ticles z are suitable to its own ,nature1 lett+ ! re/ pass on ?r\gh ! common ,ducts4 ,nay1 we h almo/ e :]e ,me*anical ,in/ances ( mu* ! same ,t5or4 ',tis obvi\s to e "o1 h[ easily & sudd5ly ,humidity1 or ! ,corpuscles ( ,wat] su/a9$ 9 ! ,air1 p]vade & ins9uate !mselves into ,cords1 h[ev] tightly twi/$1 into ,lea!r1 ,p>*m5t1 ,vegetable ,bodies1 ,wood1 & ! l4 ,?is x is t fits !m = ,hygromet]s2 & to measure & det]m9e ! diff]5t quantities ( ,moi/ure 9 ! ,air1 9 diff]5t ,places & ,seasons4 ,h[ freely ,wat] passes & c>ries ) x ,t]re/rial ,matt]1 ?r\gh ,filtres1 ,colatures1 ,di/illations1 c4 ha? be5 intimat$ already4 #h4 ,wat] is n capable ( p]=m+ ?is ,(fice to ,plants1 unless assi/$ by a due ,quantity ( ,heat2 & ?is mu/ concur1 or ,vegetation w n succe$4 ,! ,plants t 7 set 9 ! ,glasses ,q1 ,r1 ,s1 c4 9 ,octob]1 & ! foll[+ cold] ,mon?s1 _h n ne> ! quantity ( ,wat] s5t up into !m1 or s great an additional ,encrease by mu*1 z ^? t 7 set 9 ,june1 ,july1 & ! hott]4 ',tis pla9 ,wat] has no p[] ( mov+ x self2 or ris+ to ! va/ height x does 9 ! m tall & l(ty ,plants4 ,s f> f ?is1 t x does n appe> f any ,discov]y yet made1 t ev5 its own ,fluidity consi/s 9 ! inte/9e ,motion ( its ,p>ts2 :atev] "s1 o!rwise v le>n$ & kn[+1 ,p]sons may h ?\ght4 ,!re is no ne$ ( any ?+ m1 = solv+ all ! ,phnom5a ( ,fluidity1 ?an su* a ,figure & ,disposition ( ! ,p>ts1 z ,wat] has4 ,corpuscles ( t make1 & t are all absolutely ,sph]ical1 mu/ /& s v tickle & nicely ^u ea* o!r1 z to be susceptible ( e ,impression2 & ?\gh n p]petually 9 ,motion1 yet mu/ be ev] ready & liable to be put into x1 by any ! slighte/ ,=ce imag9able4 ,x is true1 ! ,p>ts ( ,fire or ,heat are n capable ( mov+ !mselves any m ?an ^? ( ,wat]2 b !y are m subtil1 light1 & active1 ?an ^? are1 & s m easily put into ,motion4 ,9 f9e1 'tis evid5t & matt] ( ,fact1 t ,heat does op]ate ^u1 & move ! ,wat]1 9 ord] to its c>ry+ on ! ,"w ( ,vegetation3 ,b h[ 'tis agitat$ x self1 & :]e ! ,motion fir/ beg9s1 ?is is no fit ,place to enquire4 ,t ! ,conc\rse ( ,heat 9 ?is ,"w is really necess>y1 appe>s1 n only f ! ,exp]im5ts be=e u1 b f all ,nature2 f our ,fields & ,=e/s1 our ,g>d5s & our ,or*>ds4 ,we see 9 ,autumn1 z ! ,sun's ,p[] gr[s gradually less & less1 s its ,effects on ,plants is remitt$1 & _! ,vegetation slack5s by little & little4 ,its ,failure is fir/ disc]nible 9 ,trees4 ,^! are rais$ highe/ above ! ,e>?2 & require a m int5se ,heat to elevate ! ,wat]1 *>g$ ) _! ,n\ri%m5t1 to ! ,tops & ,extremities ( !m4 ,s t = want ( fre% ,support & ,nutrim5t1 !y %$ _! ,leaves1 unless secur'd by a v firm & h>dy ,con/itution inde$1 z our ev]-,gre5s are4 ,next ! ,%rubs "p ) !irs2 & !n ! ,h]bs & l[] ,tribes2 ! ,heat be+ at l5g? n suffici5t to supply ev5 ^!1 ?\gh s ne> ! ,e>?1 ! ,fund ( _! ,n\ri%m5t4 ,z ! ,heat returns ! succe$+ ,spr+1 !y all recruit aga92 & are furni%'d ) fre% ,supplies & ,v]dure3 ,b fir/1 ^? :i* are l[e/ & ne>e/ ! ,e>?1 ,h]bs1 & !y t require a less] degree ( ,heat to raise ! ,wat] ) its ,e>?y ,*>ge into !m3 ,!n ! ,%rubs & high] ,vegetables 9 _! ,turns2 & la/ly1 ! ,trees4 ,z ! ,heat increases1 x gr[s too p[]ful1 & hurries ! ,matt] ) too great ,rapidity ?or\gh ! f9] & m t5d] ,plants3 ,^! !re=e g (f1 & decay2 & o!rs t are m h>dy & vigor\s1 & require a great] %>e ( ,heat1 succe$ 9 _! ,ord]4 ,by :i* ,me*anism1 provid5t ,nature furni%es u ) a v v>i\s & diff]+ ,ent]ta9m5t2 & :at is be/ suit$ to ea* ,season1 all ! ,ye> r\nd4 ,z ! ,heat ( ! sev]al ,seasons af=ds u a diff]5t ,face ( ,?+s2 s ! sev]al di/ant ,climates %ew diff]5t ,sc5es ( ,nature1 & ,productions ( ! ,e>?#ab4 ,! ,hott] ,c\ntries yield ord9>ily ! l>ge/ & talle/ ,trees2 & ^? 9 too mu* great] v>iety ?an ! cold] ev] d4 ,ev5 ^? ,plants :i* are common to bo?1 atta9 to a mu* great] ,bulk 9 ! ,s\!rn ?an 9 ! ,nor!rn ,climes4 ,nay1 !re are "s ,regions s bleak & *ill1 t !y raise no ,vegetables at all to any consid]able ,size4 ,?is we le>n f ,gre5l&1 f ,isel&1 & o!r ,places ( l cold ,site & ,condition4 ,9 ^! no ,tree ev] appe>s2 & ! v ,%rubs !y af=d1 are few1 little1 & l[4 ,aga91 9 ! w>m] ,climates1 & su* z d furni% =? ,trees & ! l>g] ,vegetables1 if !re happ5 a remission or dim9ution ( ! usual ,heat1 _! ,productions w be imp$$ & dim9i%$ 9 proportion4 ,our late ,cold] ,summ]s h giv5 u pro( en\gh ( ?is4 ,= ?\gh ! ,heat we h _h1 0 suffici5t to raise ! ,vegetative ,matt] into ! l[] ,plants1 into our ,corns1 our ,:eat1 ,b>ley1 ,pease & ! l2 & we h _h pl5ty ( ,/raw-b]ries1 ,ras-b]ries1 ,currans1 ,goosb]ries1 & ! ,fruits ( su* o!r ,vegetables z are l[ & ne> ! ,e>?3 ,yea1 & a mod]ate /ore ( ,*]ries1 ,mulb]ries1 ,plumbs1 ,filb]ts1 & "s o!rs t gr[ some:at at a great] ,height2 yet our ,apples1 our ,pe>s1 ,walnuts1 & ! ,productions ( ! tall]#ac ,trees h be5 few]1 & ^? n s k9dly1 s ?or\ghly rip5'd1 & br\ght to t ,p]fection !y 7 9 ! =m] m b5ign & _! w>m ,seasons4 ,nay1 ev5 ! l[] ,fruits & ,gra9s h _h "s %>e 9 ! common ,calamity2 & fall5 %ort bo? 9 ,numb] & ,goodness ( :at ! hott] & k9d] ,seasons 7 wont to %ew u4 ,z to our ,grapes1 ,abricots1 ,pea*es1 ,nect>5s1 & ,figs1 be+ transplant$ hi!r out ( hott] ,climes1 'tis ! less wond] we h ( late _h s g5]al a ,failure ( !m4 ,nor is x ! ,sun1 or ! ord9>y emission ( ! ,subt]ranean ,heat only1 t promotes ,vegetation2 b any o!r indiff]5tly1 accord+ to its ,p[] & ,degree3 ,?is we are taught by our ,/oves1 hot ,b$s1 & ! l4 ,all ,heat is ( l k9d2 & :]e-ev] is ! same ,cause1 !re w be con/antly ! same ,effect4 ,!re's a ,proc$ure 9 e "p ( ,nature1 t is p]fectly regul> & geometrical1 if we c b f9d x out2 & ! fur!r our ,se>*es c>ry u1 ! m %all we h occasion to admire ?is1 & ! bett] 'twill comp5sate our ,indu/ry4 #a ,t]ra ,p>5s4 4 ,t]ra ,matt]4 #b ,nat4 ,hi/ory1 ,c5t4 #e4 4 #daa4 #c ,complexionum atque ,mi/ion4 ,elem5t4 ,figm4 #d ,mr4 ,boyle1 ,scept4 ,*ym4 p>4 #b4 #e ,provid$ ! ,silv] be pure & absolutely ref9'd3 ,= ! lea/ admixture ( ,copp] w produce a blue ,t9cture 9 ! ,m5/ruum2 z t ( "s o!r ,bodies1 "o diff]5t4 #f ,to say no?+ ( ^? t 7 n disc]nible4 #g ,mr4 ,w4 ,mol9eux1 ,philosophical ,trans4 ,no4 #aha4 #h ,conf]4 ,prop4 #a4 supra4 #i ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,e>?1 p4 #bbh4 seq4 #aj ,vid4 ,v>ronem1 ,columellam1 reliquos ,rei ,ru/ic ,scriptores4 #aa ,conf4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,e>?1 p4 #dg4 seq4 uti p4 #abh1 c4 #ab ,conf4 ,nat4 ,hi/4 ,e>?1 ,pag4 #bfg4 seq4 #ac ,! ,dw>f ,apple & ,pe> trees h succe$$ bett]4 ,& inde$ 9 ,trees ( ! same k9d1 ^? t keep close/ to ! ,e>? always produce ! mo/ & be/ ,fruit4 ,= :i* ,reason 'tis t ! ,g>d9]s *eck & re/ra9 ! ,gr[? ( bett] ,fruit-trees1 & prev5t _! runn+ up to too great a ,height4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! ,measure ( ! ?ickness ( ,gold ^u ,gilt ,wire2 toge!r ) ,demon/ration ( ! exce$+ ,m9ut5ess ( ! ,atoms or con/itu5t ,p>ticles ( ,gold2 z x 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society1 by ,e4 ,halley4 ,:at are ! con/itu5t ,p>ts ( ,matt]1 & h[ !re comes to be s great a div]sity 9 ! weight ( ,bodies1 to all appe>ance equally solid & d5se1 su* z are ,gold & ,glass1 7^: specifick ,gravities are ne>ly z #g to #a7 seems a v h>d ,"q to ^? t %all rightly consid] x3 ,= f und\bt$ ,exp]im5t1 ,gravity is 9 all ,bodies proportionable to ! ,quantity ( ,matt] 9 ea*2 & !re is no su* ?+ z a ,prop5sion ( "s m1 o!rs less1 t[>ds ! ,e>?'s ,c5t]2 s9ce ! ,imp$im5t ( ! ,air be+ remov$1 all ,bodies desc5d1 be !y nev] s loose or compact 9 ,texture1 ) equal ,velocity4 ,x foll[s !re=e1 ,t !re is #g times z mu* ,matt] 9 ,gold1 z 9 a piece ( ,glass ( ! same ,magnitude2 & consequ5tly1 t at lea/ six p>ts ( sev5 9 ! ,bulk ( ,glass1 mu/ be ,pore or ,vacuity3 ,?is "s ,fav\r]s ( ! ,atomical ,philosophy h endeav\r$ to solve1 by suppos+ ! prim>y or con/itu5t ,atoms ( ,gold to be mu* l>g] ?an ^? ( o!r ,bodies1 & consequ5tly ! ,pores few]2 :]eas 9 o!r ,bodies1 ! great multitude ( ! int]sp]s$ ,vacuities does dim9i% _! ,weights4 ,be+ desir\s to exam9e ?is ,notion ( ! ,magnitude ( ,atoms ( ,gold1 ,i be?\ght my self ( ! extreme ,ductility ( t ,metal1 :i* is se5 9 ! beat+ ( x into ,leaf1 & above all 9 ! draw+ f9e ,gilt-wire1 by means :]e(1 ,i believ$ ,i might mo/ exactly obta9 ! true ?ickness ( ! ,coat ( ,gold1 t appe>s1 ev5 ) ! ,microscope1 s well to repres5t ,gold x self1 t n ! lea/ po9t ( ,silv] appe>s ?r\gh x4 ,9 ord] to ?is1 ,i in=m'd my self among ! ,wire-draw]s1 :at ,gold !y u'd to _! ,silv]2 & !y told me1 ,t ! v be/ d\ble ,gilt ,wire 0 made out ( ,cyl9drick ,+ots1 #d ,in*es 9 ,circumf]5ce1 & #bh ,in*es long1 :i* weigh #af ,p\nds ,troy2 on ^! !y be/[ #d ,ounces ( ,gold1 t is1 to e #dh ,ounces ( ,silv] "o ( ,gold2 & t two ,y>ds ( ! sup]-f9e ,wire weighs a ,gra94 ,h5ce at fir/ sight x appe>'d1 t ! l5g? ( #ih ,y>ds is 9 weight #di ,gra9s1 & t a s+le ,gra9 ( ,gold cov]s ! said #ih ,y>ds1 & t ! #ajjjj? "p ( a ,gra9 is above ( an ,in* long2 :i* yet may be actually divid$ into #aj1 & s ! #ajjjjj? "p ( a ,gra9 ( ,gold be visible )\t a ,microscope4 ,b be+ desir\s to compute ! ?ickness ( ! ,sk9 ( ,gold1 by means ( ! specifick ,gravities ( ! ,metals1 viz4 ,silv] #aj1 & ,gold #ah1 ,i f\nd ! ,diamet] ( su* ,wire ! #a_/chf "p ( an ,in*1 & its ,circumf]5ce ! #a_/abc "p2 b ! ,gold 9 ?ickness n to exce$ ! #a_/acdejj "p ( an ,in*2 :5ce x may be conclud$1 t ! ,cube ( ! hundr$? "p ( an ,in* w\ld conta9 above #bdccjjjjjj1 7or ! ,cube ( #acde7 ( su* ,atoms4 ,& x may likewise be m>vell$ at1 t ,gold be+ /ret*t to s great a degree1 z is "h demon/rat$1 %\ld yet %ew x self ( s ev5 & unit$ a ,texture1 z n to let ! :ite ,col\r ( ! ,silv] "u x appe> ?r\gh any ! lea/ ,pores2 :i* argues1 t ev5 9 ?is exce$+ ?9ness v _m ( ^? ,atoms may /ill lie "o ov] ! o!r3 ,:i* is a ,consid]ation may m]it ! ,?\ghts ( ?is ,hon\rable ,society1 z t5d+ to exam9e t r5[n$ ,atomical ,doctr9e1 :i* has ( late mu* obta9'd among ! ,le>n$4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ! sev]al ,species ( ,inf9ite ,quantity1 & ( ! ,proportions !y be> "o to ! o!r2 z x 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society1 by ,e4 ,halley4 ,t all ,magnitudes inf9itely great1 or su* z exce$ any assignable ,quantity1 are equal among !mselves1 ?\gh x be vulg>ly receiv$ = a ,maxim1 is n yet s common z x is errone\s2 & ! ,reason ( ! mi/ake seems to be1 ,t ! ,m9d ( ,man1 com+ to contemplate ! ,ext5sions ( :at exce$s ! b\nds ( its ,capacity1 & ( :i* ! v ,idea does include a ,negation ( ,limits2 x comes to pass t we acquiesce g5]ally1 & x suffices to say su* a ,quantity is inf9ite4 ,b if we come m ne>ly to exam9e ?is ,notion1 we %all f9d1 t !re are really besides inf9ite ,l5g? & inf9ite ,area1 no less ?an ?ree sev]al sorts ( inf9ite ,solidity2 all ( :i* are ,quantitates sui g5]is1 hav+ no m relation or proportion ! "o to ! o!r1 ?an a ,l9e to a ,plane1 or a ,plane to a ,solid1 or a ,f9ite to an ,inf9ite4 ,b t among !mselves1 ea* ( ^? ,species ( ,inf9ites are 9 giv5 ,proportions1 is :at ,i n[ int5d to make pla91 if possible4 ,b fir/1 inf9ite ,l5g?1 or a ,l9e inf9itely long1 is to be consid]$ ei!r z beg9n+ at a ,po9t1 & s inf9itely ext5d$ "o way1 or else bo? ways f ! same ,po9t2 9 :i* case ! "o1 :i* is a beg9n+ inf9ity1 is ! "o half ( ! :ole1 :i* is ! ,summ ( ! beg9n+ & ceas+ ,inf9ity2 or1 z ,i may say1 ( ,inf9ity1 p>te ante1 & p>te po/3 ,:i* is analog\s to ,et]nity 9 ,"t or ,duration1 9 :i* !re is always z mu* to foll[ z is pa/1 f any po9t or mom5t ( ,"t3 ,nor do? ! ,addition or ,subduction ( f9ite ,l5g? or ,space ( "t alt] ! case ei!r 9 ,inf9ity or ,et]nity1 s9ce bo? ! "o or ! o!r _c be any "p ( ! :ole4 ,z to inf9ite ,surface or ,area1 any "r ,l9e1 inf9itely ext5d$ bo? ways on an inf9ite ,plane1 does divide t inf9ite ,plane into equal ,p>ts2 ! "o to ! "r1 & ! o!r to ! left ( ! said ,l9e3 ,b if f any ,po9t 9 su* a ,plane1 two "r ,l9es be inf9itely ext5d$1 s z to make an ,angle1 ! inf9ite ,area1 int]cept$ betwe5 ^? inf9ite "r ,l9es1 is to ! :ole inf9ite ,plane1 z ! ,ar* ( a ,circle1 on ! ,po9t ( ,conc\rse ( ^? ,l9es1 z a ,c5tre1 int]cept$ betwe5 ! said ,l9es1 is to ! ,circumf]5ce ( ! ,circle2 or z ! ,degrees ( ! ,angle to ! #cfj ,degrees ( a ,circle4 ,= ,example1 two "r ,l9es meet+ at a "r ,angle d include1 on an inf9ite ,plane1 a qu>t] "p ( ! :ole inf9ite ,area ( su* a ,plane4 ,b if s be1 two p>allel inf9ite ,l9es be suppos$ drawn on su* an inf9ite ,plane1 ! ,area int]cept$ betwe5 !m w be likewise inf9ite2 b at ! same "t w be inf9itely less1 ?an t ,space :i* is int]cept$ betwe5 two inf9ite ,l9es t are incl9$1 ?\gh ) nev] s small an ,angle2 = t 9 ! "o ,case1 ! giv5 f9ite di/ance ( ! p>allel ,l9es dim9i%es ! ,inf9ity 9 "o ,degree ( ,dim5sion2 :]eas 9 a ,sector1 !re is ,inf9ity 9 bo? ,dim5sions2 & consequ5tly1 ! ,quantities are ! "o inf9itely great] ?an ! o!r1 & !re is no proportion betwe5 !m4 ,f ! same ,consid]ation arise ! ,?ree sev]al ,species ( inf9ite ,space or ,solidity1 z has be5 said2 = a ,p>allelepip$e1 or a ,cyl9d]1 inf9itely long1 is great] ?an any f9ite ,magnitude h[ great soev]2 & all su* ,solids1 suppos$ to be =m$ on giv5 ,bases1 are z ^? ,bases1 9 proportion to "o ano!r4 ,b if two ( ^! ?ree ,dim5sions are want+1 z 9 ! ,space int]cept$ betwe5 two p>allel ,planes inf9itely ext5d$1 & at a f9ite di/ance2 or ) inf9ite ,l5g? & ,bread?1 ) a f9ite ,?ickness2 ,all su* ,solids %all be z ! giv5 f9ite di/ances "o to ano!r3 ,b ^! ,quantities1 ?\gh inf9itely great] ?an ! o!r1 are yet inf9itely less ?an any ( ^?1 :]e9 all ! ?ree ,dim5sions are inf9ite4 ,su* are ! ,spaces int]cept$ betwe5 two incl9$ ,planes inf9itely ext5d$2 ! ,space int]cept$ by ! ,surface ( a ,cone1 or ! sides ( a ,pyramid likewise inf9itely cont9u$1 c4 ( all :i* not)/&+1 ! ,proportions "o to ano!r1 & to ! 1 or va/ ,abyss ( inf9ite ,space 7:]e9 is ! ,locus ( all ?+s t are or c be2 or to ! ,solid ( inf9ite ,l5g?1 ,bread?1 & ,?ickness1 tak5 all mann] ( ways7 are easily assignable4 ,= ! ,space betwe5 two ,planes1 is to ! :ole1 z ! ,angle ( ^? ,planes to ! #cfj ,degrees ( ! ,circle4 ,z = ,cones & ,pyramids1 !y are z ! ,sph]ical ,surface1 int]cept$ by !m1 is to ! ,surface ( ! ,sph]e2 & !re=e ,cones are z ! v]s$ ,s9es ( half _! ,angles1 to ! ,diamet] ( ! ,circle3 ,^! ?ree sorts ( inf9ite ,quantity are analog\s to a ,l9e1 ,surface & ,solid1 & aft] ! same mann] _c be comp>$1 or h any proportion ! "o to ! o!r4 ,besides ^!1 !re are sev]al o!r ,species ( inf9ite ,quantity1 aris+ f ! ,contemplation ( ,curves1 & _! ,asymptotes2 :i*1 by reason ( ! difficulty ( ! ,subject1 _c be made s pla9 to mo/ ,read]s3 ,b :at has be5 already said1 may be suffici5t to ev9ce :at we und]took to expla94 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,dr4 ,rob]t ,hook's ,inv5tion ( ! ,m>9e ,b>omet]1 ) its ,description & ,uses2 publi%$ by ord] ( ! ,royal ,society1 by ,e4 ,halley1 ,r4 ,s4 ,s4 ,s9ce x 0 f\nd t ! ,torricellian ,tube1 commonly call'd ! ,m]curial ,b>omet]1 by ! ris+ & fall+ ( ! ,quick-silv] !re91 do? presage ! ,*anges ( ! ,air1 9 relation to fair & f\l ,wea!r2 ^u sev]al ,ye>s ,obs]vation ( x1 x has be5 prov$ & adju/$ = t purpose by ,dr4 ,rob]t ,hook2 & !re h be5 by him _m attempts to improve ! ,in/rum5t1 & r5d] ! ,m9ute ,divisions on ! ,scale !re( m s5sible4 ,he also judg+ t x might be ( great use at ,sea1 contriv$ sev]al ways to make x s]viceable on ,bo>d ( ,%ip2 "o ( :i* he expla9'd to ! ,royal ,society at _! ,weekly ,meet+ 9 ,gre%am ,college1 ,janu>y #b4 #affg_/h4 ,s9ce :i* "t he ha? fur!r cultivat$ ! ,inv5tion1 & "s ,ye>s ago produc$ be=e ! said ,society1 ! ,in/rum5t ,i am n[ to describe1 :i* = its subtilty & usefulness1 seeme? to surpass all o!r p]=mances ( ! l ,nature4 ',till su* "t z ! ,au?or's pres5t ,indisposition w give him leave to be/[ freely 8 ,?\ghts on ?is ,subject ^u ! ,publick1 x is ! ,op9ion ( ! ,society1 t su* an ,acc\nt be giv5 ( ?is ,contrivance1 z may r5d] x kn[n1 & recomm5d x to ! ,m>9]s use1 = :i* x 0 pr9cipally int5d$4 ,! ,m]curial ,b>omet] requir+ a p]p5dicul> ,po/ure1 & ! ,quick-silv] vibrat+ !re9 ) great ,viol5ce ^u any ,agitation1 is !re=e uncapable ( be+ us$ at ,sea 7?o' x ha? lately be5 contriv$ to be made portable71 s x rema9'd to f9d out "s o!r ,pr9ciple1 :]e9 ! ,position ( ! ,in/rum5t 0 n s indisp5sably necess>y3 ,= ?is1 all ^? t use ! ,sea are oblig$ to ! great facility ,dr4 ,hook has always %ewn1 9 apply+ ,philosophical ,exp]im5ts to _! prop] uses4 ,x is ab\t =ty ,ye>s s9ce1 t ! ,!rmomet]s ( ,rob]t de ,fluctibus1 dep5d+ on ! ,dilatation & ,contraction ( includ$ ,air by ,heat & ,cold1 h be5 disus$1 ^u discov]y t ! ,airs pressure is unequal2 t inequality mix+ x self ) ! ,effects ( ! w>m? ( ! ,air 9 t ,in/rum5t4 ,& in/ead !re( 0 sub/itut$ ! seal'd ,!rmomet]1 includ+ ,_s ( ,w9e 7fir/ br\ght into ,engl&1 out ( ,italy1 by ,sir ,rob]t ,s\?well7 z a prop] ,/&>d ( ! temp] ( ! ,air1 9 relation to ,heat & ,cold2 t !rial ,_s be+ ( all ! kn[n ,liquors ! mo/ susceptible ( ,dilatation & ,contraction1 especially ) a mod]ate degree ( ei!r ,heat or ,cold4 ,n[ ?is be+ all['d z a ,/&>d1 & ! o!r ,!rmomet] t includes ,air1 be+ graduat$ ) ! same ,divisions1 s z at ! "t :5 ! ,air 0 includ$1 to agree ) ! ,_s-,!rmomet] 9 all ! degrees ( ,heat & ,cold1 not+ at ! same "t ! precise height ( ! ,m]cury 9 ! common ,b>omet]s3 ,x w readily be und]/ood1 t :5soev] ^! two ,!rmomet]s %all agree1 ! pressure ( ! ,air is ! same x 01 :5 ! ,air 0 includ$1 & ! ,in/rum5t graduat$3 ,t if 9 ! ,air-,!rmomet] ! ,liquor /& high] ?an ! ,division m>k$ !reon1 correspond+ ) t on ! ,_s-glass1 x is an indication t !re is a great] pressure ( ! ,air at t "t1 ?an :5 ! ,in/rum5t 0 graduat$4 ,& ! contr>y is to be conclud$1 :5 ! ,air-glass /&s l[] ?an ! ,_s1 viz4 t !n ! ,air is s mu* light]1 & ! ,quick silv]1 9 ! ord9>y ,b>omet] l[] ?an at ! said "t ( ,graduation4 ,& ! ,spaces answ]+ to an ,in* ( ,m]cury1 w be m or less1 accord+ to ! quantity ( ,air s includ$1 & ! smallness ( ! ,glass ,cane1 9 :i* ! ,liquor rises & falls1 & may be augm5t$ almo/ 9 any proportion1 "u t ( ! ,specifick ,gravity ( ! ,liquor ( ! ,!rmomet] to ,m]cury4 ,s z to h a ,foot or m = an ,in* ( ,m]cury1 :i* is ano!r great conv5i5ce4 ,x has be5 obs]v$ by "s1 t 9 long keep+ ?is ,in/rum5t1 ! ,air includ$ ei!r f9ds a means to escape1 or deposites "s ,vap\rs mixt ) x1 or else = "s o!r cause becomes less ,ela/ick1 :]eby1 9 process ( "t1 x gives ! height ( ! ,m]cury some:at great] ?an x ought2 b ?is1 if x %\ld happ5 9 "s ( !m1 h9d]s n ! usefulness !re(1 = t x may at any "t v easily be correct$ by ,exp]im5t1 & ! ris+ & fall+ !re( are ! ?+s *iefly rem>kable 9 x1 ! j height be+ b>ely a ,curiosity4 ,9 ^! ,p>ts ( ! ,_w1 long ,exp]i5ce has told u1 t ! ris+ ( ! ,m]cury =ebodes fair ,wea!r aft] f\l1 & an ,ea/]ly or ,nor!rly ,w9d2 & t ! fall+ !re(1 on ! contr>y1 signifies ,s\!rly or ,we/]ly ,w9ds1 ) ,ra91 or /ormy ,w9ds1 or bo?2 :i* latt] x is ( mu* m consequ5ce to provide aga9/ at ,sea ?an at ,l&2 & 9 a ,/orm1 ! ,m]cury beg9n+ to rise is a sure sign t x beg9s to abate1 z has be5 exp]i5c$ 9 high ,latitudes1 bo? to ! ,nor?w>ds & ,s\?w>ds ( ! quator4 ,! ,=m ( ?is ,in/rum5t is %[n 9 ! ,cut1 by ,tab4 #d4 ,fig4 #a4 :]e91 ,,ab repres5ts ! ,_s-,!rmomet]1 graduat$ f #j1 or ! freez+ ,po9t1 ?r\gh all ! possible degrees ( ! ,heat or ,cold ( ! ,air1 at lea/ 9 ^! ,climates4 ,,cd1 is ! ,air-,!rmomet]1 graduat$ aft] ! same mann] ) ! l ,degrees4 ,,ef1 is a ,plate appli$ to ! side ( ! ,!rmomet] ,,cd1 graduat$ into ,spaces answ]+ to ,in*es & p>ts ( an ,in* ( ,m]cury1 9 ! common ,b>omet]s4 ,g1 a ,h& /&+ on ! ,plate at ! height ( ! ,m]cury !reon1 z x 0 :5 ! ,in/rum5t 0 graduat$1 z suppose "h at #bi ,in*es4 ,,lm1 a ,wire on :i* ! ,plate ,,ef1 slips up & d[n1 p>allel to ! ,cane ( ! ,!rmomet] ,,cd4 ,k1 any ,po9t at :i* ! ,_s /&s at ! "t ( ,obs]vation2 suppose at #ch on ! ,_s-,!rmomet]2 ,slide ! ,plate ,,ef till ! ,h& ,g /& at #ch on ! ,air-,!rmomet]1 & if ! ,liquor !re9 /& at #ch likewise1 !n is ! pressure ( ! ,air ! same z at ! "t ( ,graduation1 viz4 #bi1e2 b if x /& high]1 z at #cj1 at ,i2 !n is ! pressure ( ! ,air great]2 & ! division on ! slid+ ,plate aga9/ ! ,liquor1 %ews ! pres5t height ( ! ,m]cury to be tw5ty n9e ,in*es sev5 ,t5?s4 ,& ?is may suffice z to ! mann] ( us+ x4 ,i _h "o ( ^! ,b>omet]s ) me 9 my late ,s\!rn ,voyage1 & x nev] fail$ to progno/ick & give e>ly notice ( all ! bad ,wea!r we _h1 s t ,i dep5d$ !reon1 & made provision accord+ly2 & f my own ,exp]i5ce ,i conclude t a m useful ,contrivance ha? n = ?is long "t be5 (f] = ! b5efit ( ,navigation4 ,^! ,in/rum5ts are made accord+ to ! ,direction ( ,dr4 ,hook1 by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,hunt1 ,op]ator to ! ,royal ,society1 :o w furni% any ,g5tlem5 ) !m1 & give !m ,directions h[ to use !m4 ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,proportional ,heat ( ! ,sun 9 all ,latitudes1 ) ! ,me?od ( collect+ ! same2 z x 0 read be=e ! ,royal ,society1 9 "o ( _! late ,meet+s4 ,by ,e4 ,halley4 ,!re hav+ lately aris5 "s ,disc\rse ab\t t "p ( ! ,heat ( ,wea!r1 simply produc$ by ! ,action ( ! ,sun2 & ,i hav+ affirm$1 t if t 7 consid]$1 z ! only ,cause ( ! ,heat ( ! ,wea!r1 ,i saw no ,reason1 b t "u ! ,pole ! sol/itical ,day ought to be z hot z x is "u ! qu9octial1 :5 ! ,sun comes v]tical1 or ov] ! ,z5i?3 ,= ?is ,reason1 t = all ! #bd ,h\rs ( t ,day "u ! ,pole1 ! ,sun's ,beams are incl9$ to ! ,horizon1 ) an ,angle ( #bc ,degrees2 & "u ! qu9octial1 ?\gh he come v]tical1 yet he %9es no m ?an #ab ,h\rs1 & is aga9 #ab ,h\rs abs5t2 & t = #c ,h\rs #h ,m9utes ( t #ab ,h\rs1 he is n s mu* elevat$ z "u ! ,pole2 s t he is n #i ( ! :ole #bd1 high] ?an 'tis !re1 & is #ae ,h\rs l[]4 ,n[ ! simple ,action ( ! ,sun is1 z all o!r ,impulses or ,/roaks1 m or less =ceable1 accord+ to ! ,s9us ( ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce1 or to ! ,p]p5dicul> let fall on ! ,pla91 :5ce ! v]tical ,ray 7be+ t ( ! greate/ ,heat17 be+ put ,radius1 ! =ce ( ! ,sun on ! ,horizontal ,surface ( ! ,e>? w be to t1 z ! ,s9us ( ! ,sun's ,altitude at any o!r "t4 ,?is be+ all['d = true1 x w !n foll[1 t ! "t ( ! cont9uance ( ! ,sun's %9+ be+ tak5 = a ,basis1 & ! ,s9es ( ! ,sun's ,altitudes erect$ !reon z ,p]p5dicul>s1 & a ,curve drawn ?r\gh ! ,extremities ( ^? ,p]p5dicul>s1 ! ,area compreh5d$ %all be proportionate to ! ,collection ( ! ,heat ( all ! ,beams ( ! ,sun 9 t space ( "t4 ,h5ce x w foll[1 t "u ! ,pole ! ,collection ( all ! ,heat ( a tropical ,day1 is proportionate to a ,rectangle ( ! ,s9e ( #bc gr4 into #bd ,h\rs1 or ! ,circumf]5ce ( a ,circle2 t is1 ! ,s9e ( #bc gr4 be+ ne>ly #d ,t5?s ( ,radius2 z #c_/aj into #ab ,h\rs4 ,or ! ,pol> ,heat is equal to t ( ! ,sun conta9+ #ab ,h\rs above ! ,horizon1 at #ec gr4 height1 ?an :i* ! ,sun is n #e ,h\rs m elevat$ "u ! qu9octial4 ,b t ?is ,matt] may ! bett] be und]/ood1 ,i h exemplifi$ x by a ,s*eme1 7,tab4 #d4 ,fig4 #b7 :]e9 ! ,area ,,zghh1 is equal to ! ,area ( all ! ,s9es ( ! ,sun's ,altitude "u ! qu9octial1 erect$ on ! respective ,h\rs f ,sun-rise to ! ,z5i?2 & ! ,area ,,hh is 9 ! same proportion to ! ,heat ( ! same #f ,h\rs "u ! ,pole on ! ,topical ,day2 & ,,hhq1 is proportional to ! collect$ ,heat ( #ab ,h\rs1 or half a ,day "u ! ,pole1 :i* space ,,hhq1 is visibly great] ?an ! o!r ,area ,,hzgh1 by z mu* z ! ,area ,,hgq is great] ?an ! ,area ,,zg2 :i*1 t x is s1 is visible to sight1 by a great excess2 & s mu* 9 proportion does ! ,heat ( ! #bd ,h\rs ,sun-%9e "u ! ,pole1 exce$ t ( ! #ab ,h\rs "u ! qu9octial3 ,:5ce1 ,ct]is p>ibus1 x is reasonable to conclude1 t 7 ! ,sun p]petually "u ! ,tropick1 ! ,pole w\ld be at lea/ z w>m1 z x is n[ "u ! ,l9e x self4 ,b :]eas ! ,nature ( ,heat is to rema9 9 ! ,subject1 aft] ! ,cause t heat$ is remov$1 & p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,air2 "u ! qu9octial1 ! #ab ,h\rs abs5ce ( ! ,sun does v little /ill ! ,motion impress$ by ! "p ,action ( 8 ,rays1 :]e9 ,heat consi/s1 be=e he arise aga93 ,b "u ! ,pole ! long abs5ce ( ! ,sun = #f ,mon?s1 :]e9 ! extremity ( ,cold does obta91 has s *ill'd ! ,air1 t x is z x 7 froz51 & _c1 be=e ! ,sun has got f> t[>ds x1 be any way s5sible ( 8 pres5ce1 8 ,beams be+ ob/ruct$ by ?ick ,cl\ds1 & p]petual ,fogs & ,mi/s1 & by t ,atmosph]e ( ,cold1 z ! late ,hon\rable ,mr4 ,boyle 0 pleas$ to t]m x1 proce$+ f ! ev]la/+ ,ice1 :i* 9 imm5se ,quantities does *ill ! ,neighb\r+ ,air1 & :i* ! too soon retreat ( ! ,sun leaves un?aw$1 to encrease aga91 dur+ ! long ,w9t] t foll[s ?is %ort int]val ( ,summ]4 ,b ! diff]+ ,degrees ( ,heat & ,cold1 9 diff]+ ,places1 dep5d 9 great measure ^u ! ,accid5ts ( ! ,neighb\rhood ( high ,m\nta9s1 ^: height exce$+ly *ills ! ,air br\ght by ! ,w9ds ov] !m2 & ( ! ,nature ( ! ,soil1 :i* v>i\sly reta9s ! ,heat1 p>ticul>ly ! ,s&y1 :i* 9 ,africa1 ,arabia1 & g5]ally :]e su* ,s&y ,des>ts are f\nd1 d make ! ,heat ( ! ,summ] incr$ible to ^? t h n felt x4 ,9 ! prosecution ( ?is fir/ ,?\ght1 ,i h solv$ ! ,problem g5]ally1 viz4 to give ! proportional ,degree ( ,heat1 or ! ,sum ( all ! ,s9es ( ! ,sun's ,altitude1 :ile he is above ! ,horizon 9 any oblique ,sph]e1 by r$uc+ x to ! f9d+ ( ! ,curve ,surface ( a ,cyl9drick ,ho(1 or ( a giv5 "p !re(4 ,n[ ?is ,problem is n ( t difficulty z appe>s at fir/ sight1 = 9 ,tab4 #d4 ,fig4 #c4 let ! ,cyl9d] ,,abcd be cut obliquely ) ! ,ellipse ,,bkdi1 & by ! ,c5t] !re( ,h1 describe ! ,circle ,,iklm2 ,i say1 ! ,curve ,surface ,,iklb is equal to ! ,rectangle ( ,,ik & ,,bl1 or ( ,,hk & #b ,,bl or ,,bc3 ,& if !re be suppos$ ano!r ,circle1 z ,,nqpo1 cutt+ ! said ,ellipse 9 ! ,po9ts ,p1 ,q2 draw ,,ps1 ,,qr1 p>allel to ! ,cyl9d]s ,axe1 till !y meet ) ! a=esaid ,circle ,,iklm 9 ! ,po9ts ,r1 ,s1 & draw ! ,l9es ,,rts1 ,,qvp bisect$ 9 ,t & ,v4 ,i say aga91 t ! ,curve ,surface ,,rmsqdp is equal to ! ,rectangle ( ,,bl or ,,md & ,,rs1 or ( #b ,,bl or ,,ad & ,,/ or ,,vp2 & ! ,curve ,surface ,,qnpd is equal to ,,rs ,,md----! ,ar* ,,rms ,,sp1 or ! ,ar* ,,ms #b ,,sp3 ,or x is equal to ! ,surface ,,rmsqdp1 sub/ract+ ! ,surface ,,rmsqnp4 ,s likewise ! ,curve ,surface ,,qbpo is equal to ! ,sum ( ! ,surface ,,rmsqdp1 or ,,rs ,,md1 & ( ! ,surface ,,rlsqop1 or ! ,ar* ,,ls #b ,,sp4 ,?is is ! mo/ easily demon/rat$ f ! ,consid]ation1 ,t ! ,cyl9drick ,surface ,,iklb is to ! inscrib'd ,sph]ical ,surface ,,ikle1 ei!r 9 ! :ole1 or 9 its ,analog\s ,p>ts1 z ! tang5t ,,bl is to ! ,ar* ,,el1 & f ! ,demon/rations ( ,ar*im$es de ,sphra ,cyl9dro1 ,lib4 ,i4 ,prop4 ,,xxx1 & ,,xxxvii1 ,,xxxiix4 :i* ,i %all n repeat "h1 b leave ! ,read] ! pleasure ( exam9+ x himself2 nor w x be amiss to consult ,dr4 ,b>r['s ,le>n$ ,lectures on t ,book1 ,publi%'d at ,london1 ,anno #afhd1 viz4 ,probl4 ,,ix4 & ! ,coroll>ies !re(4 ,n[ to r$uce our ,case ( ! ,sum ( all ! ,s9es ( ! ,sun's ,altitude 9 a giv5 ,decl9ation & ,latitude to ! a=esaid ,problem1 let u consid] 7,tab4 #d4 ,fig4 #d47 :i* is ! ,analemma project$ on ! ,pla9 ( ! ,m]idian1 ,z ! ,z5i?1 ,p ! ,pole1 ,,hh ! ,horizon1 ! qu9octial1 1 ! two ,tropicks1 #a ! ,s9e ( ! ,m]idian ,altitude 9 2 & equal !reto1 b p]p5dicul> to ! ,tropick1 erect ,i1 & draw ! ,l9e ,,ti int]sect+ ! ,horizon 9 ,t1 & ! ,h\r ,circle ( #f1 9 ! ,po9t #d1 & #fd %all be equal to #f,r1 or to ! ,s9e ( ! ,altitude at #f3 ,& ! l = any o!r ,po9t 9 ! ,tropick1 erect+ a ,p]p5dicul> !reat1 t]m9at$ by ! ,l9e ,t ,i3 ,?r\gh ! ,po9t #d draw ! ,l9e #d1 #e1 #g p>allel to ! ,tropick1 & repres5t+ a ,circle equal !reto2 !n %all ! ,tropick 9 ,fig4 #d4 answ] to ! ,circle ,,nopq1 9 ,fig4 #c4 ! ,circle #deg %all answ] ! ,circle ,,iklm1 ,t#d;,i %all answ] to ! ,elliptick ,segm5t ,,qibkp1 #f,r or #fd %all answ] to ,,sp1 & #e;,i to ,,bl1 & ! ,ar* ,t1 to ! ,ar* ,,ls1 be+ ! semidiurnal ,ar* 9 t ,latitude & ,decl9ation2 ! ,s9e :]e(1 ?o' n expressible 9 ,fig4 #d4 mu/ be conceiv$ z ,analog\s to ! ,l9e ,,ts or ,,up 9 ,fig4 #c4 ,! ,relation betwe5 ^! two ,figures be+ well und]/ood1 x w foll[ f :at prec$es1 ,t1 ! sum ( ! ,s9es ( ! ,m]idian ,altitudes ( ! ,sun 9 ! two ,tropicks1 7& ! l = any two opposite ,p>allels7 be+ multipli$ by ! ,s9e ( ! semidiurnal ,ar*1 w give an ,area ,analog\s to ! ,curve ,surface ,,rimsqdp2 & !reto add+ 9 ,summ]1 or sub/ract+ 9 ,w9t]1 ! ,product ( ! l5g? ( ! semidiurnal ,ar*1 7tak5 accord+ to ,van ,ceul5's ,numb]s7 into ! diff]5ce ( ! above-said ,s9es ( ! ,m]idian ,altitude3 ,! sum 9 "o case1 & diff]5ce 9 ano!r1 %all be z ! ,aggregate ( all ! ,s9es ( ! ,sun's ,altitude1 dur+ 8 appe>ance above ! ,horizon2 & consequ5tly ( all 8 ,heat & ,action on ! ,pla9 ( ! ,horizon 9 ! propos$ ,day4 ,& ?is may also be ext5d$ to ! p>ts ( ! same ,day2 = if ! a=esaid ,sum ( ! ,s9es ( ! ,m]idian ,altitudes1 be multipli$ by half ! ,sum ( ! ,s9es ( ! ,sun's ,hor>y di/ance f ,noon1 :5 ! ,times are be=e & aft] ,noon2 or by half _! diff]5ce1 :5 bo? are on ! same side ( ! ,m]idian2 & !reto 9 ,summ]1 or !refrom 9 ,w9t]1 be add$ or sub/ract$ ! ,product ( half ! ,ar* answ]able to ! propos$ int]val ( ,"t1 into ! diff]5ce ( ! ,s9es ( ,m]idian ,altitudes1 ! ,sum 9 "o case & ,diff]5ce 9 ! o!r1 %all be proportional to all ! ,action ( ! ,sun dur+ t space ( "t4 ,i =e-see x w be ,object$1 t ,i take ! ,radius ( my ,circle on :i* ,i erect my ,p]p5dicul>s always ! same1 :]eas ! ,p>allels ( ,decl9ation are unequal2 b to ?is ,i answ]1 ,t our said ,circul> ,bases ought n to be ,analog\s to ! ,p>allels1 b to ! ,times ( ,revolution1 :i* are equal 9 all ( !m4 ,x may p]haps be useful to give an ,example ( ! ,computation ( ?is ,rule1 :i* may seem difficult to "s4 ,let ! ,sol/itical ,heat 9 & be requir$ at ,london1 ,lat4 #ea #cb'4 #chj-b'h ,co-,lat4 #bc -#cj ,decl4 ------ #fa -#eh ,s9us 1#hhbfgd #ad -#eh ,s9us 1#behbeg ------ ,summa #a1adjica ,diff4 1#fbddag ,diff4 ,asc54 #ccjj-a'a4 ,ar*4 ,semid4 /iv4 #abc-aa4 ,ar4 ,sem4 hyb4 #ef-di4 ,s4 1#fchibc ,ar*4 /iv4 m5sura #b1adiiee ,arc4 hyb4 m5sura 1#iiafhc ,!n #a1adjica 9 1#hcfibc1 #fbddag 9 #b1adiiee #b1bigcd4 ,& #a1adjica 9 #hcfibi - 1#fbddag 9 1#iiafch #cchie4 ,s t #b1bigcd w be z ! ,tropical ,summ]s ,day ,heat1 & #j1cchie z ! ,action ( ! ,sun 9 ! ,day ( ! ,w9t] ,sol/ice4 ,aft] ?is mann] ,i comput$ ! foll[+ ,table = e t5? ,degree ( ,latitude1 to ! qu9octial & ,tropical ,sun1 by :i* an ,e/imate may be made ( ! int]m$iate ,degrees4 ---------------------------------------- -------- ,sun 9 ,sun 9 ,sun 9 ,lat4 ---------------------------------------- -------- #j #bjjjj #ahcda #ahcda #aj #aifif #bjbij #aehcd #bj #ahgid #bagcg #acaff #cj #agcba #bbfea #ajabd #dj #aecba #bcjdh #fidd ---------------------------------------- -------- #ej #abhee #bbiia #cgih #fj #ajjjj #bbggc #ajge #gj #fhdj #bcedc #jjj #hj #cdgc #bdfgc #jjj #ij #jjjj #bejee #jjj ---------------------------------------- -------- ,^? t desire m ( ! ,nature ( ?is ,problem1 z to ! ,geometry !re(1 w\ld d well to comp>e ! ,,xiii4 ,prop4 ,cap4 ,v4 ( ! ,le>n$ ,treatise1 ,de ,calculo ,c5tri ,gravitatis1 by ! ,rev]5d ,dr4 ,wallis1 ,publi%$ ,anno #afgj4 ,f ?is ,rule !re foll[ sev]al ,coroll>ies wor? ,note3 ,z ,i4 ,t ! qu9octial ,heat1 :5 ! ,sun comes ,v]tical1 is z twice ! ,squ>e ( ,radius1 :i* may be propos$ z a ,/&>d to comp>e )1 9 all o!r ,cases4 ,,ii4 ,t "u ! qu9octial1 ! ,heat is z ! ,s9e ( ! ,sun's ,decl9ation4 ,,iii4 ,t 9 ! ,frigid ,zones :5 ! ,sun sets n1 ! ,heat is z ! ,circumf]5ce ( a ,circle into ! ,s9e ( ! ,altitude at #f4 ,& consequ5tly1 t 9 ! same ,latitude ^! ,aggregates ( ,w>m?1 are z ! ,s9es ( ! ,sun's ,decl9ations2 & 9 ! same ,decl9ation ( ,sol1 !y are z ! ,s9es ( ! ,latitude1 & g5]ally !y are z ! ,s9es ( ! ,latitude into ! ,s9es ( ,decl9ation4 ,,iv4 ,t ! qu9octial ,days ,heat is e :]e z ! ,co-s9e ( ! ,latitude4 ,v4 ,9 all places :]e ! ,sun sets1 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,summ] & ,w9t] ,heats1 :5 ! ,decl9ations are contr>y1 is equal to a ,circle into ! ,s9e ( ! ,altitude at six 9 ! ,summ] ,p>allel1 & consequ5tly ^? diff]5ces are z ! ,s9es ( ,latitude into1 or multipli$ by ! ,s9es ( ,decl9ation4 ,,vi4 ,f ! ,table ,i h add$1 x appe>s1 t ! ,tropical ,sun "u ! qu9octial1 has1 ( all o!rs1 ! lea/ ,=ce4 ,"u ! ,pole x is great] ?an any o!r ,days ,heat :atsoev]1 be+ to t ( ! qu9octial z #e to #d4 ,f ! ,table & ^! ,coroll>ies may a g5]al ,idea be conceiv$ ( ! ,sum ( all ! ,actions ( ! ,sun 9 ! :ole ,ye>1 & t "p ( ! ,heat t arises simply f ! ,pres5ce ( ! ,sun be br\ght to a ,geometrical ,c]ta9ty3 ,& if ! l c\ld be p]=m$ = ,cold2 :i* is some?+ else ?an ! b>e ,abs5ce ( ! ,sun1 z appe>s by _m ,in/ances1 we might hope to br+ :at relates to ?is "p ( ,meteorology to a p]fect ,!ory4 ,conc]n+ ! ,di/ance ( ! ,fix'd ,/>s4 ,by ! ,hon\rable ,francis ,rob]ts1 ,esq2 ,s4 ,r4 ,s4 ,! ,anci5t ,a/ronom]s1 :o _h no o!r way ( comput+ ! ,di/ances ( ! ,heav5ly ,bodies1 b by _! ,p>allax to ! ,semi-diamet] ( ! ,e>?2 & be+ nev] able to discov] any 9 ! fix'd ,/>s1 did f !nce rightly en\gh inf]1 t _! ,di/ance 0 v great1 & mu* exce$+ t ( ! ,planets1 b c\ld g no f>!r o!rwise ?an by unc]ta9 guess4 ,s9ce ! ,py?agorean ,sy/em ( ! ,_w has be5 reviv'd by ,cop]nicus1 7& n[ by all ,ma!maticians accept$ = ! true "o7 !re seem'd ,gr\nd to imag9e t ! ,diamet] ( ! ,e>?'s ,annual ,c\rse 7:i*1 accord+ to our be/ ,a/ronom]s1 is at lea/ #djjjj times bigg] ?an ! ,semi-diamet] ( ! ,e>?7 might give a s5sible ,p>allax to ! fix'd ,/>s1 ?\gh ! o!r c\ld n1 & !reby det]m9e _! ,di/ance m precisely4 ,b ?\gh we h a ,f\ndation to build on s va/ly exce$+ t ( ! ,anci5ts1 !re are "s ,consid]ations may make u suspect t ev5 ?is is n l>ge en\gh = our purpose4 ,monsieur ,hug5s 7:o is v exact 9 8 ,a/ronomical ,obs]vations7 tells u1 he c\ld nev] discov] any visible ,magnitude 9 ! fix'd ,/>s1 ?\gh he us$ ,glasses :i* magnifi$ ! app>5t ,diamet] above #ajj times4 ,n[1 s9ce 9 all likelyhood ! fix'd ,/>s are ,suns1 7p]haps ( a diff]5t ,magnitude7 we may z a reasonable ,m$ium presume !y are g5]ally ab\t ! bigness ( ! ,sun4 ,let u !n 7= ,example7 suppose ! ,dog-,/> to be s4 ,! ,di/ance f u to ! ,sun be+ ab\t #ajj times ! ,sun's ,diamet] 7z is demon/rable f ! ,sun's ,diamet] be+ #cb ,m9utes7 x is evid5t1 t ! ,angle "u :i* ! ,dog-,/> is se5 9 ,mr4 ,hug5s's ,telescope1 mu/ be ne> ! same ) ! ,angle ( its ,p>allax to ! ,sun's ,di/ance1 or ,semi-diamet] ( ! ,e>?'s ,annual ,c\rse2 s t ! ,p>allax to ! :ole ,diamet]1 c be b d\ble su* a quantity1 z ev5 to ,mr4 ,hug5s's nice ,obs]vation is altoge!r ins5sible4 ,! ,di/ance !re=e ( ! fix'd ,/>s seems h>dly )9 ! rea* ( any ( our ,me?ods to det]m9e2 b f :at has be5 laid d[n1 we may draw "s ,conclusions t w mu* illu/rate ! prodigi\s va/ness ( x4 #a4 ,t ! ,diamet] ( ! ,e>?'s ,annual ,orb 7:i* conta9s at lea/ #afj ,millions ( ,miles7 is b z a ,po9t 9 comp>ison ( x2 at lea/ x mu/ be above #fjjj times ! ,di/ance ( ! ,sun4 ,= if a ,/> %\ld appe> ?ro' ! a=esaid ,telescope half a ,m9ute broad 7:i* is a pretty s5sible ,magnitude7 ! true app>5t ,diamet] w\ld n exce$ #ah #c;d ,m9utes1 :i* is less ?an ! #fjjj? "p ( ! app>5t ,diamet] ( ! ,sun1 & consequ5tly ! ,sun's ,di/ance n ! #fjjj? "p ( ! ,di/ance ( ! ,/>4 #b4 ,t c\ld we advance t[>ds ! ,/>s #ii ,p>ts ( ! :ole ,di/ance1 & h only #a_/ajj ,"p rema9+1 ! ,/>s w\ld appe> little bigg] to u ?an !y d "h2 = !y w\ld %ew no o!rwise ?an !y d ?r\gh a ,telescope1 :i* magnifies an ,hundr$-fold4 #c4 ,t at lea/ ,n9e ,p>ts 9 ,t5 ( ! ,space betwe5 u & ! fix'd ,/>s1 c receive no great] ,light f ! ,sun1 or any ( ! ,/>s1 ?an :at we h f ! ,/>s 9 a cle> ,night4 #d4 ,t ,light takes up m "t 9 travell+ f ! ,/>s to u1 ?an we 9 mak+ a ,we/-,india ,voyage 7:i* is ord9>ily p]=m'd 9 six ,weeks47 ,t a ,s\nd w\ld n arrive to u f !nce 9 #ejjjj ,ye>s1 nor a ,cannon-bullet 9 a mu* long] "t4 ,?is is easily comput$1 by all[+ 7accord+ to ,mr4 ,newton7 ,t5 ,m9utes = ! ,j\rney ( ,light f ! ,sun hi!r1 & t a ,s\nd moves ab\t #acjj ,foot 9 a ,second4 ,! ,fam\s ,mr4 ,isaac ,newton's ,!ory ( ! ,moon4 ,?is ,!ory :i* ha? be5 long expect$ by all ! true ,lov]s ( ,a/ronomy1 0 communicat$ f ,mr4 ,newton to ,dr4 ,gregory1 ,a/ronomy ,pr(essor at ,ox=d1 & by him publi%$ 9 8 ,a/ron4 ,elem4 ,philos4 & ,geomet4 p4 #ccf4 ,f :5ce1 z x 0 lately translat$ into ,engli%1 ,i ?\ght fit to ins]t x "h4 ,by ?is ,!ory1 :at by all ,a/ronom]s 0 ?\ght mo/ difficult & almo/ impossible to be done1 ! ,excell5t ,mr4 ,newton ha? n[ effect$2 viz4 to det]m9e ! ,moon's ,place ev5 9 h] ,quadratures1 & all o!r ,p>ts ( h] ,orbit1 besides ! ,syzygys1 s accurately by ,calculation1 t ! ,diff]5ce betwe5 t & h] true ,place 9 ! ,heav5s1 %all sc>ce be above two m9utes 9 h] ,syzygys1 or above ?ree 9 h] ,quadratures1 & is usually s small1 t x may well en\gh be reckon'd only z a ,defect 9 ! ,obs]vation4 ,& ?is ,mr4 ,newton exp]i5c$1 by comp>+ x ) v _m ,places ( ! ,moon1 obs]v'd by ,mr4 ,flam/e$1 & communicat$ to him4 ,! ,royal ,obs]vatory at ,gre5wi*1 is to ! ,we/ ( ! ,m]idian ( ,p>is1 #b degrees1 #ai m9utes4 ,( ,uraniburgh1 #ab degrees1 #ea m9utes1 #cj seconds4 ,& ( ,g$anum1 #ah degrees1 #dh m9utes4 ,! mean ,motions ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 acc\nt$ f ! ,v]nal qu9ox at ! ,m]idian ( ,gre5wi*1 ,i make to be z foll[e?4 ,! la/ ,day ( ,decemb] #afhj1 at ,noon 7,old ,/ile7 ! mean ,motion ( ! ,sun 0 #i ,signs1 #bj degrees1 #cd m9utes1 #df seconds4 ,( ! ,sun's ,apogum1 0 #c ,s4 #g deg4 #bc m94 #cj seconds4 ,t ! mean ,motion ( ! ,moon at t "t1 0 #f ,s4 #a degree1 #de m9utes1 #de seconds4 ,& ( h] ,apogee1 #h ,s4 #d degrees1 #bh m9utes1 #e seconds4 ,( ! asc5d+ ,node ( ! ,moon's ,orbit1 #e ,s4 #bd deg4 #ad m94 #ce seconds1 c4 ,& on ! la/ ,day ( ,decemb]1 #agjj1 at ,noon1 ! mean ,motion ( ! ,sun 0 #i ,s4 #bj degrees1 #dc m9utes1 #ej seconds4 ,( ! ,sun's ,apogee1 #c ,s4 #g degrees1 #dd m9utes1 #cj seconds4 ,! mean ,motion ( ! ,moon 0 #aj ,s4 #ae degrees1 #ai m9utes1 #ej seconds4 ,( ! ,moon's ,apogee1 #aa ,s4 #h degrees1 #ah m9utes1 #bj seconds4 ,& ( h] asc5d+ ,node1 #d ,s4 #bg degrees1 #bd m9utes1 #bj seconds4 ,= 9 #bj ,julian ,ye>s1 or #gcje ,days1 ! ,sun's ,motion is #bj ,revol4 #j ,s4 #j degrees1 #i m9utes1 #d seconds4 ,& ! ,motion ( ! ,sun's ,apogee1 #ba m9utes1 #j seconds4 ,! ,motion ( ! ,moon 9 ! same "t1 is #bfg ,revol4 #d ,s4 #ac degrees1 #cd m9utes1 #e seconds4 ,& ! ,motion ( ! ,lun> ,apogee1 is #b ,revol4 #c ,s4 #c degrees1 #ej m9utes1 #ae seconds4 ,& ! ,motion ( h] ,node1 #a ,revol4 #j ,s1 #bf degrees1 #ej m9utes1 #ae seconds4 ,all :i* ,motions are acc\nt$ f ! ,v]nal qu9ox3 ,:]e=e if f !m !re be subtract$ ! ,recession or ,motion ( ! qu9octial ,po9t1 9 ,antec$5tia1 dur+ t space1 :i* is #af m9utes1 #dj seconds1 !re w rema9 ! ,motions 9 ref]5ce to ! fix'd ,/>s 9 #bj ,julian ,ye>s2 viz4 ! ,sun's #ai ,revol4 #aa ,s4 #bi degrees1 #eb m9utes1 #bd seconds4 ,( 8 ,apogee1 #d m9utes1 #bj seconds4 ,& ! ,moon's #bfg ,revol4 #d ,s4 #ac degrees1 #ag m9utes1 #be seconds4 ,( h] ,apogee1 #b ,revol4 #c ,s4 #c degrees1 #cc m9utes1 #ce seconds4 ,& ( ! ,node ( ! ,moon1 #a ,revol4 #j ,s4 #bg degrees1 #f m9utes1 #ee seconds4 ,accord+ to ?is ,computation1 ! ,tropical ,ye> is #cfe ,days1 #e ,h\rs1 #dh ,m9utes1 #eg ,seconds4 ,& ! ,syd]eal ,ye> is #cfe ,days1 #f ,h\rs1 #i ,m9utes1 #ad ,seconds4 ,^! mean ,motions ( ! ,lum9>ies are affect$ ) v>i\s ,inequalities3 ,( :i*1 #a4 ,!re are ! ,annual ,equations ( ! a=esaid mean ,motions ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 & ( ! ,apogee & ,node ( ! ,moon4 ,! ,annual ,equation ( ! mean ,motion ( ! ,sun1 dep5ds on ! ,ecc5tricity ( ! ,e>?'s ,orbit r\nd ! ,sun1 :i* is #af-aa_/ab ( su* ,p>ts1 z t ! ,e>?'s mean ,di/ance f ! ,sun %all be #ajjj3 ,:5ce 'tis call'd ! ,equation ( ! ,c5tre2 & is1 :5 greate/1 #a degree1 #ef m9utes1 #bj seconds4 ,! greate/ ,annual ,equation ( ! ,moon's mean ,motion1 is #aa degrees1 #di seconds2 ( h] ,apogee1 #bj m9utes1 & ( h] ,node1 #i m9utes1 #cj seconds4 ,& ^! f\r ,annual ,equations are always mutually proportional "o to ano!r3 ,:]e=e :5 any ( !m is at ! greate/1 ! o!r ?ree w also be greate/2 & :5 any "o less5s1 ! o!r ?ree w also be dim9i%$ 9 ! same ,ratio4 ,! ,annual ,equation ( ! ,sun's ,c5tre be+ giv51 ! ?ree o!r correspond+ ,annual ,equations w be also giv52 & !re=e a ,table ( t w s]ve = all4 ,= if ! ,annual ,equation ( ! ,sun's ,c5tre be tak5 f !nce1 = any ,"t1 & be call'd ,p1 & let #a_/aj,p ,q1 ,q #a_/fj,q ,r1 #a_/f,p ,d1 ,d #a_/cj;,d ,e1 & ,d - #a_/ej;,d #b;,f2 !n %all ! ,annual ,equation ( ! ,moon's mean ,motion = t "t be ,r1 t ( ! ,apogee ( ! ,moon w be ,e1 & t ( ! ,node ,f4 ,only obs]ve "h1 ,t if ! ,equation ( ! ,sun's ,c5tre be requir$ to be add$2 !n ! ,equation ( ! ,moon's mean ,motion mu/ be subtract$1 t ( h] ,apogee mu/ be add$1 & t ( ! ,node subduct$1 ,& on ! contr>y1 if ! ,equation ( ! ,sun's ,c5tre 7 to be subduct$1 ! ,moon's ,equation mu/ be add$1 ! ,equation ( h] ,apogee subduct$1 & t ( h] ,node add$4 ,!re is also an ,equation ( ! ,moon's mean ,motion1 dep5d+ on ! situation ( h] ,apogee1 9 respect ( ! ,sun2 :i* is greate/ :5 ! ,moon's ,apogee is 9 an ,octant ) ! ,sun1 & is no?+ at all :5 x is 9 ! ,quadratures or ,syzygys4 ,?is ,equation1 :5 greate/1 & ! ,sun 9 ,p]igo1 is #c ,m9utes1 #ef ,seconds4 ,b if ! ,sun be 9 ,apogo1 x w nev] be above #c ,m9utes1 #cd ,seconds4 ,at o!r ,di/ances ( ! ,sun f ! ,e>?1 ?is ,equation1 :5 greate/1 is reciprocally z ! ,cube ( su* ,di/ance4 ,b :5 ! ,moon's ,apogee is any :]e b 9 ! ,octants1 ?is ,equation gr[s less1 & is mo/ly at ! same di/ance betwe5 ! ,e>? & ,sun1 z ! ,s9e ( ! d\ble ,di/ance ( ! ,moon's ,apogee1 f ! next ,quadrature or ,syzygy1 to ! ,radius4 ,?is is to be add$ to ! ,moon's ,motion1 :ile h] ,apogee passes f a ,quadrature ) ! ,sun to a ,syzygy2 b ?is is to be subtract$ f x1 :ile ! ,apogee moves f ! ,syzygy to ! ,quadrature4 ,!re is moreov] ano!r ,equation ( ! ,moon's ,motion1 :i* dep5ds on ! ,aspect ( ! ,nodes ( ! ,moon's ,orbit ) ! ,sun3 ,& ?is is greate/1 :5 h] ,nodes are 9 ,octants to ! ,sun1 & vani%es q1 :5 !y come to _! ,quadratures or ,syzygys4 ,?is ,equation is proportional to ! ,s9e ( ! d\ble ,di/ance ( ! ,node f ! next ,syzygy1 or ,quadrature2 & at greate/1 is b #dg seconds4 ,?is mu/ be add$ to ! ,moon's mean ,motion1 :ile ! ,nodes are pass+ f _! ,syzygys ) ! ,sun1 to _! ,quadratures ) him2 b subtract$ :ile !y pass f ! ,quadratures to ! ,syzygys4 ,f ! ,sun's true ,place1 take ! equat$ mean ,motion ( ! ,lun> ,apogee1 z 0 above %ew'd1 ! ,rema9d] w be ! ,annual ,argum5t ( ! said ,apogee4 ,f :5ce ! ,ecc5tricity ( ! ,moon1 & ! second ,equation ( h] ,apogee may be comput$ aft] ! mann] ( ! foll[+ 7:i* takes place also 9 ! ,computation ( any o!r int]m$iate ,equations74 ,tab4 #c4 ,fig4 #f4 ,let ,t repres5t ! ,e>?1 ,,ts1 a ,"r ,l9e jo9+ ! ,e>? & ,sun1 ,,tacb1 a ,"r ,l9e drawn f ! ,e>? to ! middle or mean ,place ( ! ,moon's ,apogee1 equat$1 z above3 ,let ! ,angle ,,/a be ! ,annual ,argum5t ( ! a=esaid ,apogee1 ,,ta ! lea/ ,ecc5tricity ( ! ,moon's ,orbit1 ,,tb ! greate/4 ,bissect ,,ab 9 ,g2 & on ! ,c5tre ,c1 ) ! ,di/ance ,,ac describe a ,circle ,,afb1 & make ! ,angle ,,bcf to ! d\ble ( ! ,annual ,argum5t4 ,draw ! ,"r ,l9e ,,tf1 t %all be ! ,ecc5tricity ( ! ,moon's ,orbit2 & ! ,angle ,,btf1 is ! second ,equation ( ! ,moon's ,apogee requir$4 ,9 ord] to ^: ,det]m9ation1 let ! mean ,di/ance ( ! ,e>? f ! ,moon1 or ! ,semi-diamet] ( ! ,moon's ,orbit1 be #ajjjjj2 !n %all its greate/ ,ecc5tricity ,,tb be #ffghb su* ,p>ts2 & ! lea/ ,,ta1 #dccai4 ,s t ! greate/ ,equation ( ! ,orbit1 viz4 :5 ! ,apogee is 9 ! ,syzygys1 w be #g degrees1 #ci m9utes1 #cj seconds1 or p]haps #g degrees1 #dj m9utes1 7= ,i suspect !re w be "s ,alt]ation1 accord+ to ! ,position ( ! ,apogee 9 ,canc] & ,capricorn47 ,b :5 x is ,quadrate to ! ,sun1 ! greate/ ,equation a=esaid w be #d degrees1 #eg m9utes1 #ef seconds2 & ! greate/ ,equation ( ! ,apogee1 #ab degrees1 #ae m9utes1 #d seconds4 ,hav+ f ^! ,pr9ciples made a ,table ( ! ,equation ( ! ,moon's ,apogee1 & ( ! ,ecc5tricities ( h] ,orbit to ea* degree ( ! ,annual ,argum5t1 f :5ce ! ,ecc5tricity ,,tf1 & ! ,angle ,,btf 7viz4 ! second & ! pr9cipal ,equation ( ! ,apogee7 may easily be _h = any ,"t requir$2 let ! ,equation ?us f\nd be add$ to ! fir/ ,equat$ ,place ( ! ,moon's ,apogee1 if ! ,annual ,argum5t be less ?an #ij degrees1 or great] ?an #ahj degrees1 & less ?an #bgj2 o!rwise x mu/ be subduct$ f x2 & ! ,sum or ,diff]5ce %all be ! ,place ( ! ,lun> ,apogee second>ily equat$2 :i* be+ tak5 f ! ,moon's ,place equat$ a ?ird "t1 %all leave ! mean ,anomaly ( ! ,moon correspond+ to any giv5 ,"t4 ,moreov]1 f ?is mean ,anomaly ( ! ,moon1 & ! be=e-f\nd ,ecc5tricity ( h] ,orbit1 may be f\nd 7by means ( a ,table ( ,equations ( ! ,moon's ,c5tre made to e degree ( ! mean ,anomaly1 & "s ,ecc5tricities1 viz4 #dejjj1 #ejjjj1 #eejjj1 #fjjjj1 & #fejjj7 ! ,pro/aphresis1 or ,equation ( ! ,moon's ,c5tre1 z 9 ! common way3 ,& ?is be+ tak5 f ! =m] ,semi-circle ( ! middle ,anomaly1 & add$ 9 ! latt] to ! ,moon's ,place ?us ?rice equat$1 w produce ! ,place ( ! ,moon a f\r? "t equat$4 ,! greate/ ,v>iation ( ! ,moon 7viz4 t :i* happ5s :5 ! ,moon is 9 an ,octant ) ! ,sun7 is ne>ly1 reciprocally z ! ,cube ( ! ,di/ance ( ! ,sun f ! ,e>?4 ,let t be tak5 #cg m9utes1 #be seconds1 :5 ! ,sun is 9 ,p]igo1 & #cc m9utes1 #dj seconds1 :5 he is 9 ,apogo3 ,& let ! ,diff]5ces ( ?is ,v>iation 9 ! ,octants be made reciprocally1 z ! ,cubes ( ! ,di/ances ( ! ,sun f ! ,e>?2 & s let a ,table be made ( ! a=esaid ,v>iation ( ! ,moon 9 h] ,octants 7or its ,log>i?ms7 to e ,t5?1 ,six?1 or ,fif? ,degree ( ! mean ,anomaly3 ,& = ! ,v>iation out ( ! ,octants1 make1 z ,radius to ! ,s9e ( ! d\ble ,di/ance ( ! ,moon f ! next ,syzygy1 or ,quadrature 33 s let ! a=e-f\nd ,v>iation 9 ! ,octant be to ! ,v>iation congru\s to any o!r ,aspect2 & ?is add$ to ! ,moon's ,place be=e f\nd 9 ! fir/ & ?ird ,quadrant 7acc\nt+ f ! ,sun7 or subduct$ f x 9 ! second & f\r?1 w give ! ,moon's ,place equat$ a fif? "t4 ,aga91 z ,radius to ! ,s9e ( ! ,summ ( ! ,di/ances ( ! ,moon f ! ,sun1 & ( h] ,apogee f ! ,sun's ,apogee 7or ! ,s9e ( ! ,excess ( t ,summ above #cfj degrees17 33 s is #b m9utes1 #aj seconds1 to a six? ,equation ( ! ,moon's ,place1 :i* mu/ be subtract$1 if ! a=esaid ,summ or ,excess be less ?an a ,semi-circle2 b add$1 if x be great]4 ,let x be made also1 z ,radius to ! ,s9e ( ! ,moon's di/ance f ! ,sun 33 s #b degrees1 #bj secants1 to a sev5? ,equation2 :i* :5 ! ,moon's ,light is increas+1 add2 b :5 decreas+1 subtract2 & ! ,moon's ,place w be equat$ a sev5? "t1 & ?is is h] ,place 9 h] prop] ,orbit4 ,note "h1 ! ,equation ?us produc$ by ! mean ,quantity #b degrees1 #bj seconds1 is n always ( ! same magnitude2 b is increas$ & dim9i%$1 accord+ to ! ,position ( ! ,lun> ,apogee4 ,= if ! ,moon's ,apogee be 9 ,conjunction ) ! ,sun's1 ! a=esaid ,equation is ab\t #ed seconds great]3 ,b :5 ! ,apogees are 9 ,opposition1 'tis ab\t z mu* less2 & x librates betwe5 its greate/ ,quantity #c m9utes1 #ad seconds1 & its lea/1 #a m9ute1 #bf seconds4 ,& ?is is1 :5 ! ,lun> ,apogee is 9 ,conjunction1 or ,opposition ) ! ,sun's3 ,b 9 ! ,quadratures1 ! a=esaid ,equation is to be less5'd ab\t #ej seconds1 or #a m9ute1 :5 ! ,apogees ( ! ,sun & ,moon are 9 ,conjunction2 b if !y are 9 ,opposition1 = want ( a suffici5t numb] ( ,obs]vations1 ,i _c det]m9e1 :e!r x is to be less5'd or increas'd4 ,& ev5 z to ! ,argum5t or ,decrem5t ( ! ,equation1 #b m9utes1 #bj seconds1 above m5tion$1 ,i d>e det]m9e no?+ c]ta91 = ! same ,reason1 viz4 ! want ( ,obs]vations accurately made4 ,if ! six? & sev5? ,equations are augm5t$ or dim9i%$ 9 a reciprocal ,ratio ( ! di/ance ( ! ,moon f ! ,e>?2 i4 e4 9 a direct ,ratio ( ! ,moon's ,horizontal ,p>allax1 !y w become m accurate3 ,& ?is may be readily done1 if ,tables are fir/ made to ea* m9ute ( ! said ,p>allax1 & to e six? or fif? degree ( ! ,argum5t ( ! six? ,equation = ! ,six?1 z ( ! di/ance ( ! ,moon f ! ,sun1 = ! ,sev5? ,equation4 ,f ! ,sun's ,place1 take ! mean motion ( ! ,moon's asc5d+ ,node1 equat$ z above2 ! ,rema9d] %all be ! ,annual ,argum5t ( ! ,node1 :5ce its second ,equation may be comput$ aft] ! foll[+ mann] 9 ! prec$+ ,figure4 ,let ,t1 z be=e1 repres5t ! ,e>?2 ,,ts a ,"r ,l9e1 conjo9+ ! ,e>? & ,sun3 ,let also ! ,l9e ,,tacb1 be drawn to ! ,place ( ! asc5d+ ,node ( ! ,moon1 z above equat$2 & let ,,/a be ! ,annual ,argum5t ( ! ,node4 ,take ,,ta f a ,scale1 & let x be to ,,ab 33 z #ef to #c1 or z #aa to #a4 ,!n bissect ,,ba 9 ,c1 & on ,c z a ,c5tre1 ) ! ,di/ance ,,ca1 describe a ,circle1 z ,,afb1 & make ! ,angle ,,bcf1 equal to d\ble ! ,annual ,argum5t ( ! ,node be=e-f\nd3 ,s %all ! ,angle ,,btf1 be ! second ,equation ( ! asc5d+ ,node2 :i* mu/ be add$1 :5 ! ,node is pass+ f ! ,quadrature to a ,syzygy ) ! ,sun2 & subduct$1 :5 ! ,node moves f a ,syzygy t[>ds a ,quadrature4 ,by :i* means1 ! true ,place ( ! ,node ( ! ,lun> ,orbit w be ga9$3 ,:5ce f ,tables made aft] ! common way1 ! ,moon's ,latitude1 & ! ,r$uction ( h] ,orbit to ! ,ecliptick1 may be comput$1 suppos+ ! ,incl9ation ( ! ,moon's ,orbit to ! ,ecliptick1 to be #d degrees1 #ei m9utes1 #ce seconds1 :5 ! ,nodes are 9 ,quadrature ) ! ,sun2 & #e degrees1 #ag m9utes1 #bj seconds1 :5 !y are 9 ! ,syzygys4 ,& f ! ,longitude & ,latitude ?us f\nd1 & ! giv5 ,obliquity ( ! ,ecliptick1 #bc degrees1 #bi m9utes1 ! ,"r ,asc5sion & ,decl9ation ( ! ,moon w be f\nd4 ,! ,horizontal ,p>allax ( ! ,moon1 :5 %e is 9 ! ,syzygys1 at a mean di/ance f ! ,e>?1 ,i make to be #eg m9utes1 #cj seconds2 & h] ,hor>y ,motion1 #cc m9utes1 #cb seconds1 #cb ?irds2 & h] app>5t ,diamet] #ca m9utes1 #cj seconds4 ,b 9 h] ,quadratures at a mean ,di/ance f ! ,e>?1 ,i make ! ,horizontal ,p>allax ( ! ,moon to be #ei m9utes1 #dj seconds1 h] ,hor>y ,motion #cb m9utes1 #ab seconds1 #b ?irds1 & h] app>5t ,diamet]1 #ca m9utes1 #c seconds4 ,! ,moon 9 an ,octant to ! ,sun1 & at a mean di/ance1 ha? h] ,c5tre di/ant f ! ,c5tre ( ! ,e>? ab\t #fj-b_/i ( ! ,e>?'s ,semi-diamet]s4 ,! ,sun's ,horizontal ,p>allax ,i make to be #aj seconds1 & its app>5t ,diamet] at a mean di/ance f ! ,e>?1 ,i make #cb m9utes1 #ae seconds4 ,! ,atmosph]e ( ! ,e>?1 by disp]s+ & refract+ ! ,sun's ,light1 ca/s a ,%ad[1 z if x 7 an ,opake ,body1 at lea/ to ! height ( #dj or #ej ,geographical ,miles 7by a ,geographical ,mile1 ,i mean ! sixtie? "p ( a ,degree ( a great ,circle1 on ! ,e>?'s ,surface47 ,?is ,%ad[ fall+ ^u ! ,moon 9 a ,lun> ,eclipse1 makes ! ,e>?'s ,%ad[ be ! l>g] or broad]4 ,& to ea* ,mile ( ! ,e>?'s ,atmosph]e1 is correspond5t a ,second 9 ! ,moon's ,disk1 s t ! ,semi-diamet] ( ! ,e>?'s %ad[ project$ ^u ! ,disk ( ! ,moon1 is to be increas$ ab\t #ej seconds3 ,or1 :i* is all "o1 9 a ,lun> ,eclipse1 ! ,horizontal ,p>allax ( ! ,moon is to be increas$ 9 ! ,ratio ( ab\t #gj to #fi4 ,?us f> ! ,!ory ( ?is ,incomp>able ,ma!matician4 ,& if we _h _m ,places ( ! ,moon accurately obs]v'd1 especially ab\t h] ,quadratures1 & ^! well comp>'d ) h] ,places1 at ! same "t calculat$ accord+ to ?is ,!ory2 x w\ld !n appe>1 :e!r !re yet rema9 any o!r s5sible ,equations2 :i* :5 acc\nt$ =1 might s]ve to improve & enl>ge ?is ,!ory4 ,an ,e/imate ( ! ,degrees ( ! ,mortality ( ,mank9d1 drawn f curi\s ,tables ( ! ,bir?s & ,fun]als at ! ,city ( ,breslaw2 ) an ,attempt to asc]ta9 ! ,price ( ,annuities ^u ,lives4 ,by ,mr4 ,e4 ,halley1 ,r4 ,s4 ,s4 ,! ,contemplation ( ! ,mortality ( ,mank9d1 has besides ! ,moral1 its ,physical & ,political ,uses1 bo? :i* h be5 "s ,ye>s s9ce mo/ judici\sly consid]'d by ! ,curi\s ,sir ,william ,petty1 9 8 ,natural & ,political ,obs]vations on ! ,bills ( ,mortality ( ,london1 own'd by ,capta9 ,john ,graunt3 ,& s9ce 9 a l ,treatise on ! ,bills ( ,mortality ( ,dubl94 ,b ! ,d$uction f ^? ,bills ( ,mortality seem$ ev5 to _! ,au?ors to be defective3 ,fir/1 ,9 t ! ,numb] ( ! ,p 0 want+4 ,secondly1 ,t ! ,ages ( ! ,p dy+ 0 n to be _h4 ,& ,la/ly1 ,t bo? ,london & ,dubl91 by reason ( ! great & casual ,accession ( ,/rang]s :o die !re91 7z appe>$ 9 bo?1 by ! great ,excess ( ! ,fun]als above ! ,bir?s7 r5dr$ !m incapable ( be+ ,/&>ds = ?is purpose2 :i* requires1 if x 7 possible1 t ! ,p we treat (1 %\ld n at all be *ang$1 b die :]e !y 7 born1 )\t any adv5titi\s ,increase f ,abroad1 or ,decay by ,migration else:]e4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #c4 pag4 #bhj4 ,?is ,defect seems 9 a great measure to be satisfi$ by ! late curi\s ,tables ( ! ,bills ( ,mortality at ! ,city ( ,breslaw1 lately communicat$ to ?is ,hon\rable ,society by ,mr4 ,ju/ell1 :]e9 bo? ! ,ages & ,sexes ( all t die1 are ,mon?ly deliv]$1 & comp>$ ) ! numb] ( ! ,bir?s1 = ,five ,ye>s la/ pa/1 viz4 #afhg1 #hh1 #hi1 #ij1 #ia1 seem+ to be done ) all ! ,exactness & ,s9c]ity possible4 ,?is ,city ( ,breslaw is ! ,capital ,city ( ! ,prov9ce ( ,silesia2 or1 z ! ,g]mans call x1 ,s*lesia1 & is situat$ on ! ,we/]n ,bank ( ! ,riv] ,od]1 anci5tly call'd ,viadrus1 ne> ! ,conf9es ( ,g]many & ,pol&1 & v nigh ! ,latitude ( ,london4 ,x is v f> f ! ,sea1 & z mu* a ,m$it]ranean ,place z c be desir$1 :5ce ! ,conflu5ce ( ,/rang]s is b small1 & ! ,manufacture ( ,l9n5 employs *iefly ! poor ,p ( ! ,place1 z well z ( ! ,c\ntry r\nd ab\t2 :5ce comes t sort ( ,l9n5 we usually call y\r ,sclesi ,l9n52 :i* is ! *ief1 if n ! only ,m]*&ize ( ! ,place4 ,= ^! ,reasons1 ! ,p ( ?is ,city seem mo/ prop] = a ,/&>d2 & ! r1 = t ! ,bir?s d a small matt] exce$ ! ,fun]als4 ,! only ?+ want+1 is ! ,numb] ( ! :ole ,p1 :i* 9 "s measure ,i h endeav\r'd to supply1 by ! comp>ison ( ! ,mortality ( ! ,p ( all ,ages1 :i* ,i %all f ! said ,bills trace out ) all ! ,accuracy possible4 ,x appe>s t 9 ! ,five ,ye>s m5tion$1 viz4 f #hg to #ia inclusive1 !re 7 born #faic ,p]sons1 & buri$ #ehfi2 t is1 born p] ,annum #abch1 & buri$ #aagd2 :5ce an ,increase ( ! ,p may be argu$ ( #fd p] ,annum1 or ( ab\t a #bj? "p1 :i* may p]haps be balanc'd by ! ,levies = ! ,emp]or's ,s]vice 9 8 ,w>s4 ,b ?is be+ cont+5t1 & ! ,bir?s c]ta91 ,i w suppose ! ,p ( ,breslaw to be increas$ by #abch ,bir?s annually4 ,( ^! x appe>s by ! same ,tables1 t #cdh d die ye>ly 9 ! fir/ ,ye> ( _! ,age1 & t b #hij d arrive at a full ,ye>'s ,age2 & likewise1 t #aih d die 9 ! ,five ,ye>s betwe5 #a & #f compleat1 tak5 at a ,m$ium2 s t b #fib ( ! ,p]sons born d survive ,six :ole ,ye>s4 ,f ?is ,age ! ,infants be+ arriv$ at "s degree ( ,firmness1 gr[ less & less ,mortal2 & x appe>s1 t ( ! :ole ,p ( ,breslaw !re die ye>ly1 z 9 ! foll[+ ,table1 :]e9 ! upp] ,l9e %ews ! ,age1 & ! next "u x1 ! ,numb] ( ,p]sons ( t ,age dy+ ye>ly4 #g #h #i #ad #ah #ba #bg #bh #ce #aa #aa #f #e #b #c #e #f #d #f #i #h #g #g #cf #db #de #ci #ed #ee #ef #fc #h #i #h #i #g #g #aj #aa #i #i #aj #ab #gj #ga #gb #gg #ha #hd #ij #ia #i #ad #i #aa #i #f #g #c #d #b #a #a #a #ih #ii #ajj #j ,& :]e no ,figure is plac$ ov]1 x is to be und]/ood ( ^? t die betwe5 ! ,ages ( ! prec$5t & consequ5t ,column4 ,f ?is ,table x is evid5t1 t f ! ,age ( #i to ab\t #be1 !re does n die above #f p] ,annum ( ea* ,age1 :i* is mu* ab\t #a p] ,c5t4 ( ^? t are ( ^? ,ages3 ,& :]eas 9 ! #ad1 #ae1 #af1 #ag ,ye>s1 !re appe> to die mu* few]1 z #b & #c2 yet t seems r to be attribut$ to ,*ance1 z are ! o!r ,irregul>ities 9 ! ,s]ies ( ,ages1 :i* w\ld rectifie !mselves1 7 ! numb] ( ,ye>s mu* m consid]able1 z #bj in/ead ( #e4 ,& by our own ,exp]i5ce 9 ,*ri/-,*ur* ,hospital1 ,i am in=m'd !re die ( ! ,"y ,lads1 mu* ab\t #a p] ,c5t4 p] ,annum1 !y be+ ( ! a=esaid ,ages4 ,f #be to #ej1 !re seem to die f #g to #h & #i p] ,annum ( ea* ,age2 & aft] t to #gj1 !y gr[+ m crasie1 ?\gh ! numb] be mu* dim9i%$1 yet ! ,mortality increases1 & !re are f\nd to die #aj or #aa ( ea* ,age p] ,annum3 ,f !nce ! numb] ( ! ,liv+ be+ gr[n v small1 !y gradually decl9e till !re be none left to die2 z may be se5 at "o ,view 9 ! ,table4 ,f ^! ,consid]ations ,i h =m'd ! adjo9$ ,table1 ^: ,uses are manifold1 & give a m j ,idea ( ! ,/ate & ,condition ( ,mank9d1 ?an any ?+ yet extant t ,i "k (4 ,x exhibits ! ,numb] ( ,p 9 ! ,city ( ,breslaw ( all ,ages1 f ! ,bir? to extreme ,old ,age1 & !reby %ews ! ,*ances ( ,mortality at all ,ages1 & likewise h[ to make a c]ta9 ,e/imate ( ! ,value ( ,annuities = ,lives1 :i* hi!rto has be5 only done by an imag9>y ,valuation3 ,also ! ,*ances t !re are t a ,p]son ( any ,age propos$ does live to any o!r ,age giv52 ) _m m1 z ,i %all h]eaft] %ew4 ,?is ,table does %ew ! ,numb] ( ,p]sons t are liv+ 9 ! ,age curr5t annex$ !reto1 z foll[s3 ---------------------------------------- ----- ,age4 ,p]sons4 ,age4 ,p]sons4 ,age4 ,p]sons4 ,curt4 ,curt4 ,curt4 ---------------------------------------- ----- #a #ajjj #h #fhj #ae #fbh #b #hee #i #fgj #af #fbb #c #gih #aj #ffa #ag #faf #d #gfj #aa #fec #ah #faj #e #gcb #ab #fdf #ai #fjd #f #gaj #ac #fdj #bj #eih #g #fib #ad #fcd #ba #eib ---------------------------------------- ----- #bb #ehf #bi #eci #cf #dha #bc #egi #cj #eca #cg #dgb #bd #egc #ca #ebc #ch #dfc #be #efg #cb #eae #ci #ded #bf #efj #cc #ejg #dj #dde #bg #eec #cd #dii #da #dcf #bh #edf #ce #dij #db #dbg ---------------------------------------- ----- #dc #dag #ej #cdf #eg #bgb #dd #djg #ea #cce #eh #bfb #de #cig #eb #cbd #ei #beb #df #chg #ec #cac #fj #bdb #dg #cgg #ed #cjb #fa #bcb #dh #cfg #ee #bib #fb #bbb #di #ceg #ef #bhb #fc #bab ---------------------------------------- ----- #fd #bjb #ga #aca #gh #eh #fe #aib #gb #abj #gi #di #ff #ahb #gc #aji #hj #da #fg #agb #gd #ih #ha #cd #fh #afb #ge #hh #hb #bh #fi #aeb #gf #gh #hc #bc #gi #adb #gg #fh #hd #bj ---------------------------------------- ----- ,age4 ,p]sons4 #g #eedg #ad #dehd #ba #dbgj #bh #cifd #ce #cfjd #db #cgjh #di #bgji #ef #baid #fc #afid #gj #abjd #gg #fib #hd #bec #ajj #ajg ----------- #cdjjj ----------- ,sum ,total4 ,?us x appe>s1 t ! :ole ,p ( ,breslaw does consi/ ( #cdjjj ,s\ls1 be+ ! ,sum ,total ( ! ,p]sons ( all ,ages 9 ! ,table3 ,! fir/ use h]e( is to %ew ! ,proportion ( ,m5 able to be> ,arms 9 any ,multitude1 :i* are ^? betwe5 #ah & #ef1 r ?an #af & #fj2 ! "o be+ g5]ally too weak to be> ! ,fatigues ( ,w>1 & ! ,weight ( ,arms2 & ! o!r too crasie & infirm f ,age1 not)/&+ p>ticul> ,in/ances to ! contr>y4 ,"u #ah f ! ,table1 are f\nd 9 ?is ,city #aaiig ,p]sons1 #ciej above #ef1 :i* toge!r make #aeidg1 s t ! ,residue to #cdjjj be+ #ahjec1 are ,p]sons betwe5 ^? ,ages4 ,at lea/ "o half !re( are ,males1 or #ijbg3 ,s t ! :ole ,=ce ?is ,city c raise ( ,f5cible ,m51 z ! ,scot* call !m1 is ab\t #ijjj1 or #i_/cd1 or some:at m ?an a qu>t] ( ! ,numb] ( ,s\ls2 :i* may p>haps pass = a ,rule = all o!r places4 ,! ,second ,use ( ?is ,table1 is1 to %ew ! diff]+ degrees ( ,mortality1 or r ,vitality1 9 all ,ages2 = if ! ,numb] ( ,p]sons ( any ,age rema9+ aft] "o ,ye>1 be divid$ by ! diff]5ce betwe5 t & ! numb] ( ! ,age propos$1 x %ews ! ,odds t !re is1 t a ,p]son ( t ,age does n die 9 a ,ye>4 ,z = ,in/ance1 a ,p]son ( #be ,ye>s ( ,age has ! ,odds ( #efj to #g1 or #hj to #a1 t he does n die 9 a ,ye>3 ,because t ( #efg1 liv+ ( #be ,ye>s ( ,age1 !re d die no m ?an #g 9 a ,ye>1 leav+ #efj ( #bf ,ye>s old4 ,s likewise = ! ,odds1 t any ,p]son does n die be=e he atta9 any propos$ ,age3 ,take ! numb] ( ! rema9+ ,p]sons ( ! ,age propos$1 & divide x by ! diff]5ce betwe5 x & ! numb] ( ^? ( ! ,age ( ! ,p>ty propos$2 & t %ews ! ,odds !re is betwe5 ! ,*ances ( ! ,p>ty's liv+ or dy+4 ,z = ,in/ance2 ,:at is ! ,odds t a ,man ( #dj lives #g ,ye>s3 ,take ! numb] ( ,p]sons ( #dg ,ye>s1 :i* 9 ! ,table is #cgg1 & subtract x f ! numb] ( ,p]sons ( #dj ,ye>s1 :i* is #dde1 & ! diff]5ce is #fh3 ,:i* %ews t ! ,p]sons dy+ 9 t #g ,ye>s1 are #fh1 & t x is #cgg to #fh1 or #e to #a1 t a ,man ( #dj does live #g ,ye>s4 ,& ! l = any o!r numb] ( ,ye>s4 ,use ,,iii4 ,b if x be enquir$ at :at numb] ( ,ye>s1 x is an ev5 ,lay t a ,p]son ( any ,age %all die1 ?is ,table readily p]=ms x2 ,= if ! numb] ( ,p]sons liv+ ( ! ,age propos$1 be half$1 x w be f\nd by ! ,table at :at ,ye> ! said ,numb] is r$uc$ to half by ,mortality2 & t is ! ,age1 to :i* x is an ev5 ,wag]1 t a ,p]son ( ! ,age propos$ %all arrive be=e he die4 ,z = ,in/ance2 ,a ,p]son ( #cj ,ye>s ( ,age is propos$1 ! numb] ( t ,age is #eca1 ! half !re( is #bfe1 :i* numb] ,i f9d to be betwe5 #eg & #eh ,ye>s2 s t a ,man ( #cj may reasonably expect to live betwe5 #bg & #bh ,ye>s4 ,use ,,iv4 ,by :at has be5 said1 ! ,price ( ,insurance ^u ,lives ought to be regulat$1 & ! diff]5ce is discov]$ betwe5 ! ,price ( insur+ ! ,life ( a ,man ( #bj & #ej4 ,= ,example2 ,x be+ #ajj to #a1 t a ,man ( #bj dies n 9 a ,ye>1 & b #ch to #a1 = a ,man ( #ej ,ye>s ( ,age4 ,use ,v4 ,on ?is dep5ds ! ,valuation ( ,annuities ^u ,lives2 = x is pla91 t ! ,pur*as] ought to pay = only su* a "p ( ! ,value ( ! ,annuity1 z he has ,*ances t he is liv+2 & ?is ought to be comput$ ye>ly1 & ! ,sum ( all ^? ye>ly ,values be+ add$ toge!r1 w am\nt to ! ,value ( ! ,annuity = ! ,life ( ! ,p]son propos$4 ,n[ ! pres5t ,value ( ,money payable aft] a ,t]m ( ,ye>s1 at any giv5 ,rate ( ,int]e/1 ei!r may be _h f ,tables already comput$2 or almo/ z comp5di\sly1 by ! ,table ( ,log>i?ms3 ,= ! ,ari?metical ,complem5t ( ! ,log>i?m ( ,unity1 & its ye>ly ,int]e/1 7t is1 ( #a1jf = ,six p] ,c5t4 be+ #i1igdfid47 be+ multipli$ by ! numb] ( ,ye>s propos$1 gives ! pres5t ,value ( ,"o ,p\nd payable aft] ! end ( s _m ,ye>s4 ,!n by ! =ego+ ,proposition1 x w be z ! numb] ( ,p]sons liv+ aft] t ,t]m ( ,ye>s1 to ! numb] dead2 s are ! ,odds t any "o ,p]son is alive or dead4 ,& by consequ5ce1 z ! ,sum ( bo?1 or ! numb] ( ,p]sons liv+ ( ! ,age fir/ propos$1 to ! numb] rema9+ aft] s _m ,ye>s1 7bo? giv5 by ! ,table7 s ! pres5t ,value ( ! ye>ly ,sum payable aft] ! ,t]m propos$1 to ! ,sum :i* ought to be paid = ! ,*ance ! ,p]son has to enjoy su* an ,annuity aft] s _m ,ye>s4 ,& ?is be+ repeat$ = e ,ye> ( ! ,p]son's ,life1 ! ,sum ( all ! pres5t ,values ( ^? ,*ances is ! true ,value ( ! ,annuity4 ,?is w )\t d\bt appe> to be a mo/ labori\s ,calculation2 b x be+ "o ( ! pr9cipal ,uses ( ?is ,speculation1 & hav+ f\nd "s ,comp5dia = ! ,"w1 ,i took ! pa9s to compute ! foll[+ ,table1 be+ ! %ort ,result ( a n ord9>y numb] ( ,ari?metical ,op]ations3 ,x %ews ! ,value ( ,annuities = e ,fif? ,ye> ( ,age1 to ! ,sev5tie?1 z foll[s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,age4 ,ye>s ,pur4 ,age4 ,ye>s ,pur4 ,age4 ,ye>s ,pur4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- #a #aj1bh #be #ab1bg #ej #i1ba #e #ac1dj #cj #aa1gb #ee #h1ea #aj #ac1dd #ce #aa1ab #fj #g1fj #ae #ac1cc #dj #aj1eg #fe #f1ed #bj #ab1gh #de #i1ia #gj #e1cb ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,?is %ews ! great ,advantage ( putt+ ,money into ! pres5t ,fund lately grant$ to ,_! ,maje/ies1 giv+ #ad p] ,c5t4 p] ,annum1 or at ! ,rate ( #g ,ye>s ,pur*ase = a ,life2 :5 "y ,lives1 at ! usual ,rate ( ,int]e/1 are wor? above #ac ,ye>s ,pur*ase4 ,x %ews likewise ! ,advantage ( "y ,lives ov] ^? 9 ,ye>s2 a ,life ( ,t5 ,ye>s be+ almo/ wor? #ac ,ye>s ,pur*ase1 :]eas "o ( #cf is wor? b #aa4 ,use ,,vi4 ,two ,lives are likewise valuable by ! same ,rule2 = ! numb] ( ,*ances ( ea* s+le ,life1 f\nd 9 ! ,table1 be+ multipli$ toge!r1 become ! ,*ances ( ! ,two ,lives4 ,& aft] any c]ta9 ,t]m ( ,ye>s1 ! ,product ( ! two rema9+ ,sums is ! ,*ances t bo? ! ,p]sons are liv+4 ,! ,product ( ! two ,diff]5ces1 be+ ! numb]s ( ! ,dead ( bo? ,ages1 are ! ,*ances t bo? ! ,p]sons are dead4 ,& ! two ,products ( ! rema9+ ,sums ( ! "o ,age multipli$ by ^? dead ( ! o!r1 %ew ! ,*ances t !re are1 t ea* ,p>ty survives ! o!r3 ,:5ce is d]iv$ ! ,rule to e/imate ! ,value ( ! ,rema9d] ( "o ,life aft] ano!r4 ,n[ z ! ,product ( ! ,two ,numb]s 9 ! ,table = ! ,two ,ages propos$1 is to ! diff]5ce betwe5 t ,product1 & ! ,product ( ! two numb]s ( ,p]sons deceas$ 9 any space ( "t2 s is ! ,value ( a ,sum ( ,money to be paid aft] s mu* "t1 to ! ,value !re( "u ! ,cont+5cy ( ,mortality4 ,& z ! a=esaid ,product ( ! two ,numb]s answ]+ to ! ,ages propos$1 to ! ,product ( ! ,deceas$ ( "o ,age multipli$ by ^? rema9+ alive ( ! o!r2 s ! ,value ( a ,sum ( ,money to be paid aft] any "t propos$1 to ! ,value ( ! ,*ances1 t ! "o ,p>ty has t he survives ! o!r1 ^: numb] ( ,deceas$ y made use (1 9 ! second ,t]m ( ! ,proportion4 ,?is p]haps may be bett] und]/ood1 by putt+ ,n = ! numb] ( ! y\ng] ,age1 & n = t ( ! ,eld]2 ,y1 y ! ,deceas$ ( bo? ,ages respectively1 & ,r1 r = ! ,rema9d]s2 & ,r ,y ,n1 & r y n4 ,!n %all ,nn be ! :ole ,numb] ( ,*ances2 ,nn - ,yy be ! ,*ances t "o ( ! two ,p]sons is liv+1 ,yy ! ,*ances t !y are bo? dead2 ,ry ! ,*ances t ! eld] ,p]son is dead1 & ! y\ng] liv+2 & r,y ! ,*ances1 t ! eld] is liv+1 & ! y\ng] dead4 ,?us two ,p]sons ( #ah & #ce are propos$1 & aft] #h ,ye>s ^! ,*ances are requir$4 ,! ,numb]s = #ah & #ce1 are #faj & #dij2 & !re are #ej ( ! ,fir/ ,age dead 9 #h ,ye>s1 & #gc ( ! ,eld] ,age4 ,!re are 9 all #faj #dij1 or #bihijj ,*ances2 ( ^! !re are #ej #gc1 or #cfej1 t !y are bo? dead4 ,& z #bihijj1 to #bihijj - #cfej1 or #biebej3 ,s is ! pres5t ,value ( a ,sum ( ,money to be paid aft] #h ,ye>s1 to ! pres5t ,value ( a ,sum to be paid1 if ei!r ( ! two live4 ,& z #efj #gc1 s are ! ,*ances t ! ,eld] is dead1 leav+ ! ,y\ng]2 & z #dag #ej1 s are ! ,*ances t ! ,y\ng] is dead1 leav+ ! ,eld]4 ,:]e=e z #faj #dij to #efj #gc1 s is ! pres5t ,value ( a ,sum to be paid at #h ,ye>s end1 to ! ,sum to be paid = ! ,*ance ( ! ,y\ng]'s ,survivance2 & z #faj #dij to #dag #ej1 s is ! same pres5t ,value to ! ,sum to be paid = ! ,*ance ( ! ,eld]'s ,survivance4 ,?is possibly may be yet bett] expla9$1 by exp\nd+ ^! ,products by ,rectangul> ,p>allelograms1 z 9 ,fig4 #g4 :]e9 ,,ab or ,,cd repres5ts ! numb] ( ,p]sons ( ! y\ng] ,age1 & ,,de1 ,,bh ^? rema9+ alive aft] a c]ta9 ,t]m ( ,ye>s2 :5ce ,,ce w answ] ! numb] ( ^? dead 9 t "t3 ,s ,,ac1 ,,bd may repres5t ! numb] ( ! eld] ,age2 ,,af1 ,,bi ! ,survivors aft] ! same ,t]m2 & ,,cf1 ,,di1 ^? ( t ,age t are dead at t "t4 ,!n %all ! :ole ,p>allelogram ,,abcd be ,nn1 or ! ,product ( ! two ,numb]s ( ,p]sons1 repres5t+ su* a numb] ( ,p]sons ( ! two ,ages giv52 & by :at 0 said be=e1 aft] ! ,t]m propos$1 ! ,rectangle ,,hd %all be z ! numb] ( ,p]sons ( ! y\ng] ,age t survive1 & ! ,rectangle ,,ae z ! numb] ( ^? t die4 ,s likewise ! ,rectangles ,,ai1 ,,fd %all be z ! ,numb]s1 liv+ & dead1 ( ! o!r ,age4 ,h5ce ! ,rectangle ,,hi %all be z an equal numb] ( bo? ,ages surviv+4 ,! ,rectangle ,,fe be+ ! ,product ( ! ,deceas$1 or ,yy1 an equal numb] ( bo? dead4 ,! ,rectangle ,,gd or ,ry1 a numb] liv+ ( ! y\ng] ,age1 & dead ( ! eld]3 ,& ! ,rectangle ,,ag or r,y a numb] liv+ ( ! eld] ,age1 b dead ( ! y\ng]4 ,?is be+ und]/ood1 x is obvi\s1 t z ! :ole ,rectangle ,,ad or ,nn is to ! ,gnomon ,,fabdeg or ,nn - ,yy1 s is ! :ole numb] ( ,p]sons or ,*ances1 to ! numb] ( ,*ances t "o ( ! two ,p]sons is liv+3 ,& z ,,ad or ,nn is to ,,fe or ,yy1 s are all ! ,*ances1 to ! ,*ances t bo? are dead2 :]eby may be comput$ ! ,value ( ! ,rev]sion aft] bo? ,lives4 ,& z ,,ad to ,,gd or ,ry1 s ! :ole numb] ( ,*ances1 to ! ,*ances t ! y\ng] is liv+1 & ! o!r dead2 :]eby may be ca/ up :at ,value ought to be paid = ! ,rev]sion ( "o ,life aft] ano!r1 z 9 ! ,case ( provid+ = ,cl]gy-m5's ,wid[s1 & o!rs1 by su* ,rev]sions4 ,& z ,,ad to ,,ag1 or r,y1 s are all ! ,*ances1 to ^? t ! eld] survives ! y\ng]4 ,i h be5 ! m p>ticul>1 & p]haps t$i\s1 9 ?is ,matt]1 because x is ! ,key to ! ,case ( ,?ree ,lives1 :i* ( x self w\ld n h be5 s easie to compreh5d4 ,,vii4 ,if ,?ree ,lives are propos$1 to f9d ! ,value ( an ,annuity dur+ ! cont9uance ( any ( ^? ?ree ,lives2 ! ,rule is1 ,z ! ,product ( ! cont9ual ,multiplication ( ! ,?ree ,numb]s1 9 ! ,table1 answ]+ to ! ,ages propos$1 is to ! diff]5ce ( t ,product1 & ( ! ,product ( ! ,?ree ,numb]s ( ! ,deceas$ ( ^? ,ages1 9 any giv5 ,t]m ( ,ye>s3 ,s is ! pres5t ,value ( a ,sum ( ,money1 to be paid c]ta9ly aft] s _m ,ye>s1 to ! pres5t ,value ( ! same ,sum to be paid1 provid$ "o ( ^? ,?ree ,p]sons be liv+ at ! ,expiration ( t ,t]m4 ,:i* ,proportion be+ ye>ly repeat$1 ! ,sum ( all ^? pres5t ,values w be ! ,value ( an ,annuity grant$ = ?ree su* ,lives4 ,b to expla9 ?is1 toge!r ) all ! ,cases ( ,survivance 9 ,?ree ,lives3 ,let ,n be ! ,numb] 9 ! ,table = ! y\ng] ,age1 n = ! second1 & = ! eld] ,age2 let ,y be ^? dead ( ! y\ng] ,age 9 ! ,t]m propos$1 y ^? dead ( ! second ,age1 & ^? ( ! eld] ,age2 & let ,r be ! ,rema9d] ( ! y\ng] ,age1 r t ( ! middle ,age1 & ! ,rema9d] ( ! eld] ,age4 ,!n %all ,r ,y be equal to ,n1 r y to n1 & to 1 & ! cont9ual ,product ( ! ?ree ,numb]s ,n1 n1 1 %all be equal to ! cont9ual ,product ( ,r ,y r y 1 :i* be+ ! :ole ,numb] ( ,*ances = ?ree ,lives1 is comp\nd$ ( ! eight ,products foll[+4 7#a7 ,rr1 :i* is ! ,numb] ( ,*ances t all ?ree ( ! ,p]sons are liv+4 7#b7 r,y1 :i* is ! ,numb] ( ,*ances t ! two eld] ,p]sons are liv+1 & ! y\ng] dead4 7#c7 ,ry ! ,numb] ( ,*ances t ! middle ,age is dead1 & ! y\ng] & eld] liv+4 7#d7 ,rr be+ ! ,*ances t ! two y\ng] are liv+1 & ! eld] dead4 7#e7 ,yy ! ,*ances t ! two y\ng] are dead1 & ! eld] liv+4 7#f7 r,y ! ,*ances t ! y\ng] & eld] are dead1 & ! middle ,age liv+4 7#g7 ,ry1 :i* are ! ,*ances t ! y\ng] is liv+1 & ! two o!r dead4 ,& ,la/ly & ,eigh?ly1 ,yy1 :i* are ! ,*ances t all ?ree are dead4 ,:i* latt] subtract$ f ! :ole ,numb] ( ,*ances ,nn1 leaves ,nn - ,yy ! ,sum ( all ! o!r sev5 ,products2 9 all ( :i* "o or m ( ! ?ree ,p]sons are surviv+4 ,to make ?is yet m evid5t1 ,i h add$ ,fig4 #h4 :]e9 ^! eight sev]al ,products are at "o view exhibit$4 ,let ! rectangl$ ,p>allelepip$on ,,abcdefgh be con/itut$ ( ! sides ,,ab1 ,,gh1 c4 proportional to ,n ! ,numb] ( ! y\ng] ,age2 ,,ac1 ,,bd1 c4 proportional to n2 & ,,ag1 ,,ce1 c4 proportional to ! ,numb] ( ! eld]1 or 4 ,& ! :ole ,p>allelepip$on %all be z ! ,product ,nn1 or our :ole ,numb] ( ,*ances4 ,let ,,bp be z ,r1 & ,,ap z ,y2 let ,,cl be z r1 & ,ln z y2 & ,,gn z 1 & ,,na z 2 & let ! ,pla9 ,p,rea be made p>allel to ! ,pla9 ,,acge2 ! ,pla9 ,n,vb,y p>allel to ,,abcd2 & ! ,pla9 ,,lxtq p>allel to ! ,pla9 ,,abgh4 ,& our fir/ ,product ,rr %all be z ! ,solid ,s,t,w,i,f,zeb4 ,! ,second1 or r,y w be z ! ,solid ,e,y,ze,q,s,m,i4 ,! ,?ird1 ,ry1 z ! ,solid ,,rhovwi/4 ,& ! ,f\r?1 ,rr1 z ! ,solid ,zab,d,w,x,i,k4 ,fif?ly1 ,yy1 z ! ,solid ,,gqrsimno4 ,six?ly1 r,y1 z ,,iklmgyza4 ,sev5?ly1 ,ry1 z ! ,solid ,,ikpobxvw4 ,& ,la/ly1 ,,aiklmnop w be z ! ,product ( ! #c ,numb]s ( ,p]sons dead1 or ,yy4 ,i %all n apply ?is 9 all ! ,cases !re(1 = brevity sake2 only to %ew 9 "o h[ all ! re/ may be p]=m$1 let x be dem&$ :at is ! ,value ( ! ,rev]sion ( ! y\ng] ,life aft] ! two eld] propos$4 ,! proportion is z ! :ole ,numb] ( ,*ances1 or ,nn to ! ,product ,ry2 s is ! c]ta9 pres5t ,value ( ! ,sum payable aft] any ,t]m propos$1 to ! ,value due to su* ,*ances z ! y\ng] ,p]son has to bury bo? ! eld]1 by ! ,t]m propos$2 :i* !re=e he is to pay =4 ,"h x is to be not$1 t ! fir/ ,t]m ( all ^! ,proportions is ! same ?r\gh\t1 viz4 ,nn4 ,! second *ang+ ye>ly accord+ to ! ,decrease ( ,r1 r1 1 & ,increase ( ,y1 y1 4 ,& ! ?ird are successively ! pres5t ,values ( ,money payable aft] "o1 two1 ?ree1 c4 ye>s1 accord+ to ! ,rate ( ,int]e/ agre$ on4 ,^! ,numb]s1 :i* are 9 all ,cases ( ,annuities ( necess>y ,use1 ,i h put into ! foll[+ ,table1 !y be+ ,decimal ,values ( "o ,p\nd payable aft] ! ,numb] ( ,ye>s 9 ! ,m>g5t1 at ! ,rate ( #f p] ,c5t4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,ye>s4 ,pres4 ,value ,ye>s4 ,pres4 ,value ,ye>s4 ,pres4 ,value ( #a l4 ( #a l4 ( #a l4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #a #j1idcd #ai #j1ccje #cg #j1aaeh #b #j1hijj #bj #j1caah #ch #j1ajib #c #j1hcif #ba #j1bida #ci #j1ajca #d #j1giba #bb #j1bgge #dj #j1jigb #e #j1gdgc #bc #j1bfah #de #j1jgbf #f #j1gjej #bd #j1bdgj #ej #j1jedc ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #g #j1ffej #be #j1bccj #ee #j1jdjf #h #j1fbgd #bf #j1baih #fj #j1jcjc #i #j1eiai #bg #j1bjgd #fe #j1jbbg #aj #j1eehd #bh #j1aief #gj #j1jafi #aa #j1ebfh #bi #j1ahde #ge #j1jabf #ab #j1digj #cj #j1agda #hj #j1jjid ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- #ac #j1dfhh #ca #j1afdc #he #j1jjga #ad #j1ddbc #cb #j1aeej #ij #j1jjec #ae #j1dagc #cc #j1adfb #ie #j1jjci #af #j1cicf #cd #j1acgi #ajj #j1jjbi #ag #j1cgad #ce #j1acja #ah #j1cejc #cf #j1abbg ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,x 7 ne$less to adv]tise1 t ! great tr\ble ( work+ s _m ,proportions w be v mu* alleviat$ by us+ ,log>i?ms2 & t in/ead ( us+ ,nn - ,yy = ! second ,t]m ( ! ,proportion 9 f9d+ ! ,value ( ,?ree ,lives1 x may suffice to use only ,yy1 & !n d$uct+ ! f\r? ,t]m s f\nd out ( ! ?ird1 ! ,rema9d] %all be ! pres5t ,value s\ght2 or all ^! f\r? ,t]ms be+ add$ toge!r1 & d$uct$ out ( ! ,value ( ! c]ta9 ,annuity = s _m ,ye>s1 w leave ! ,value ( ! cont+5t ,annuity ^u ! ,*ance ( ,mortality ( all ^? ,?ree ,lives4 ,= ,example2 ,let !re be ,?ree ,lives ( #aj1 #cj1 & #dj ,ye>s ( ,age propos$1 & ! ,proportions w be ?us2 ,z #ffa 9 #eca 9 #dde or #aefaijiie1 or ,nn to #h 9 #h 9 #i1 or #egf1 or ,yy = ! fir/ ,ye>1 s #j1idcd4 to #j1jjjjjcdh4 ,to #ae 9 #af 9 #ah1 or #dcbj1 = ! second ,ye>1 s #j1hijj4 to #j1jjjjbdfb4 ,to #ba 9 #bd 9 #bh1 or #adaab = ! ?ird ,ye>1 s #j1hcif4 to #j1jjjjhabh4 ,to #bg 9 #cb 9 #ch1 = ! f\r? ,ye>1 s #j1giba4 to #j1jjjaffej4 ,to #cc 9 #da 9 #dh1 = ! fif? ,ye>1 s #j1gdgc4 to #j1jjjcajga4 ,to #ci 9 #ej 9 #eh1 = ! six? ,ye>1 s #j1gjej4 to #j1jjjeajea4 ,& s =? to ! #fj? ,ye>1 :5 we suppose ! eld] ,life ( ,=ty c]ta9ly to be expir$2 f :5ce till ,sev5ty we mu/ compute = ! ,fir/ & ,second only1 & f !nce to ,n9ety = ! s+le y\nge/ ,life4 ,!n ! ,sum ,total ( all ^! ,f\r? ,proportionals be+ tak5 out ( ! ,value ( a c]ta9 ,annuity = #ij ,ye>s1 be+ #af1eh ,ye>s ,pur*ase1 %all leave ! j ,value to be paid = an ,annuity dur+ ! :ole ,t]m ( ! ,lives ( ,?ree ,p]sons ( ! ,ages propos$4 ,& note1 t x w n be necess>y to compute = e ,ye> s+ly2 b t 9 mo/ ,cases e #d? or #e? ,ye> may suffice1 int]pol+ = ! int]m$iate ,ye>s seceundum artem4 ,x may be object$1 t ! diff]5t ,salubrity ( ,places does h9d] ?is ,proposal f be+ univ]sal2 nor c x be d5i$4 ,b by ! ,numb] t die1 be+ #aagd4 p] ,annum 9 #cdjjj1 x does appe> t ab\t a #cj? "p die ye>ly1 z ,sir ,william ,petty has comput$ = ,london2 & ! ,numb] t die 9 ,infancy1 is a good ,argum5t t ! ,air is b indiff]5tly salubri\s4 ,s t by :at ,i c le>n1 !re _c p]haps be "o bett] ,place propos$ = a ,/&>d4 ,at lea/ 'tis desir$1 t 9 ,imitation h]e( ! ,curi\s 9 o!r ,cities w\ld attempt some?+ ( ! same ,nature1 ?an :i* no?+ p]haps c be m useful4 ,7 ?is ,calculus f\nd$ on ! ,exp]i5ce ( a v great numb] ( ,ye>s1 x w\ld be v well wor? ! :ile to ?9k ( ,me?ods = facilitat+ ! ,computation ( ! ,value ( two1 ?ree1 or m ,lives2 :i*1 z propos$ 9 my =m]1 seems 7z ,i am in=m'd7 a ,"w ( too mu* ,difficulty = ! ord9>y ,ari?metician to und]take4 ,i h s\ght1 ,if x 7 possible1 to f9d a ,!orem t might be m concise ?an ! ,rules !re laid d[n1 b 9 va92 = all t c be done to exp$ite x1 is1 by ,tables ( ,log>i?ms ready comput$1 to exhibit ! ,rationes ( ,n to ,y 9 ea* s+le ,life1 = e ?ird1 f\r?1 or fif? ,ye> ( ,age1 z occasion %all require2 & ^! ,log>i?ms be+ add$ to ! ,log>i?ms ( ! pres5t ,value ( ,money payable aft] s _m ,ye>s1 w give a ,s]ies ( ,numb]s1 ! ,sum ( :i* w %ew ! ,value ( ! ,annuity s\ght4 ,h[ev]1 = ea* ,numb] ( ?is ,s]ies1 two ,log>i?ms = a s+le ,life1 ?ree = two ,lives1 & f\r = ?ree ,lives1 mu/ necess>ily be add$ toge!r4 ,if y ?9k ! ,matt]1 "u ! ,unc]ta9ties ,i h m5tion$1 to des]ve x1 ,i %all %ortly give y su* a ,table ( ,log>i?ms1 z ,i speak (1 & an ,example or two ( ! use !re(3 ,b by ,vulg> ,ari?metick1 ! ,lab\r ( ^! ,numb]s 7 imm5se2 & no?+ w m recomm5d ! useful ,inv5tion ( ,log>i?ms to all ,lov]s ( ,numb]s1 ?an ! advantage ( ,dispat* 9 ?is & su* l ,computations4 ,besides ! ,uses m5tion$1 x may p]haps n be an unacceptable ?+ to inf] f ! same ,tables1 h[ unju/ly we rep9e at ! %ortness ( our ,lives1 & ?9k our selves wrong$ if we atta9 n old ,age2 :]eas x appe>s h]eby1 t ! "o half ( ^? t are born are dead 9 ,sev5te5 ,ye>s "t1 #abch be+ 9 t "t r$uc$ to #faf4 ,s t in/ead ( murmur+ at :at we call an untimely ,dea?1 we ought ) ,pati5ce & ,unconc]n to submit to t ,dissolution :i* is ! necess>y ,condition ( our p]i%able ,mat]ials1 & ( our nice & frail ,/ructure & ,composition3 ,& to acc\nt x z a ,bless+ t we h surviv$1 p]haps by _m ,ye>s1 t ,p]iod ( ,life1 :]eat ! "o half ( ! :ole ,race ( ,mank9d does n arrive4 ,a second ,obs]vation ,i make ^u ! said ,table1 is t ! ,gr[? & ,increase ( ,mank9d is n s mu* /9t$ by any ?+ 9 ! ,nature ( ! ,species1 z x is f ! cauti\s difficulty mo/ ,p make to adv5ture on ! ,/ate ( ,m>riage1 f ! ,prospect ( ! ,tr\ble & ,*>ge ( provid+ = a ,family4 ,nor are ! poor] sort ( ,p h]e9 to be blam$1 s9ce _! difficulty ( subsi/+ is occasion'd by ! unequal ,di/ribution ( ,possessions1 all be+ necess>ily f$ f ! ,e>?1 ( :i* yet s few are ,ma/]s4 ,s t besides !mselves & ,families1 !y are yet to "w = ^? :o own ! ,gr\nd t fe$s !m3 ,& ( su* does by v mu* ! great] "p ( ,mank9d consi/2 o!rwise x is pla91 t !re might well be f\r times z _m ,bir?s z we n[ f9d4 ,= by ,computation f ! ,table1 ,i f9d t !re are ne>ly #aejjj ,p]sons above #af1 & "u #de1 ( :i* at lea/ #gjjj are ,wom5 capable to be> ,*ildr54 ,( ^! not)/&+ !re are b #abch born ye>ly1 :i* is b little m ?an a six? "p3 ,s t ab\t "o 9 six ( ^! ,wom5 d bre$ ye>ly2 :]eas 7 !y all m>ri$1 x w\ld n appe> /range or unlikely1 t f\r ( six %\ld br+ a ,*ild e ,ye>4 ,! ,political ,consequ5ces h]e( ,i %all n insi/ on2 only ! ,/r5g? & ,glory ( a ,k+ be+ 9 ! multitude ( 8 ,subjects1 ,i %all only h9t1 t above all ?+s1 ,celibacy ought to be disc\rag$1 z1 by extraord9>y ,tax+ & ,milit>y ,s]vice3 ,& ^? :o h num]\s ,families ( ,*ildr5 to be c\nt5anc$ & enc\rag$ by su* ,laws z ! ,jus trium ,lib]orum among ! ,romans4 ,b especially1 by an effectual ,c>e to provide = ! ,subsi/5ce ( ! ,poor1 by f9d+ !m ,employm5ts1 :]eby !y may e>n _! ,bread1 )\t be+ *>geable to ! ,publick4 ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ,gravity1 & its ,prop]ties1 :]e9 ! ,desc5t ( ,heavy ,bodies1 & ! ,motion ( ,projects is briefly1 b fully h&l$3 ,toge!r ) ! ,solution ( a ,problem ( great ,use 9 ,gunn]y4 ,by ,e4 ,halley4 ,nature1 amid/ ! great ,v>iety ( ,problems1 :]e) ,%e ex]cises ! ,wits ( ,philosophical ,m51 sc>ce af=ds any "o :]e9 ! ,effect is m visible1 & ! ,cause m conceal$1 ?an 9 ^? ( ! ,phnom5a ( ,gravity4 ,be=e we c g alone1 we mu/ le>n to def5d our selves f ! ,viol5ce ( its ,impulse1 by n tru/+ ! ,c5t] ( ,gravity ( our ,bodies beyond our rea*2 & yet ! acute/ ,philosoph]s1 & ! subtile/ ,enquir]s into ! ,orig9al ( ?is ,motion1 h be5 s f> f satisfy+ _! ,read]s1 t !y !mselves seem little to h und]/ood ! ,consequ5ces ( _! own ,hypo!ses4 ,des ,c>tes 8 ,notion1 ,i mu/ ne$s confess to be to me incompreh5sible1 :ile he w h ! ,p>ticles ( 8 ,cle/ial ,matt]1 by be+ reflect$ on ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?1 & s asc5d+ !refrom1 to drive d[n into _! ,places ^? ,t]re/rial ,bodies !y f9d above !m3 ,?is is1 z ne> z ,i c ga!r1 ! ,scope ( ! #bj1 #ba1 #bb1 & #bc ,sections ( ! la/ ,book ( 8 ,pr9cipia ,philosophi2 yet nei!r he1 nor any ( 8 ,foll[]s1 c %ew h[ a ,body susp5d$ 9 ,lib]o !re1 %all be c>ri$ d[nw>ds by a cont9ual ,impulse t5d+ upw>ds1 & act+ ^u all its ,p>ts equally3 ,& besides ! ,obscurity :]e) he expresses himself1 p>ticul>ly1 ,sect4 #bc4 does suffici5tly argue accord+ to 8 own ,rules1 ! confus$ ,idea he _h ( ! ?+ he wrote4 ,o!rs1 & among !m ,dr4 ,vossius1 ass]t ! ,cause ( ! ,desc5t ( heavy ,bodies1 to be ! ,diurnal ,rotation ( ! ,e>? ^u its ,axis1 )\t consid]+1 t accord+ to ! ,doctr9e ( ,motion =tifi$ ) ,demon/ration1 all ,bodies mov$ 9 ,circulo1 w\ld rec$e f ! ,c5t] ( _! ,motion2 :]eby ! contr>y to ,gravity w\ld foll[1 & all loose ,bodies w\ld be ca/ into ! ,air 9 a ,tang5t to ! ,p>allel ( ,latitude1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( "s o!r ,pr9ciple to keep !m fa/1 su* z is t ( ,gravity4 ,besides1 ! ,effect ( ?is ,pr9ciple is ?r\gh\t ! :ole ,surface ( ! ,globe f\nd ne>ly equal2 & c]ta9 ,exp]im5ts h prov$ x r less ne> ! qu9octial1 ?an t[>ds ! ,poles2 :i* c\ld n be by any means1 if ! ,diurnal ,rotation ( ! ,e>? ^u its ,axis 7 ! ,cause ( ,gravity2 = :]e ! ,motion 0 swifte/1 ! ,effect w\ld be mo/ consid]able4 ,o!rs assign ! ,pressure ( ! ,atmosph]e1 to be ! ,cause ( ?is ,t5d5cy t[>ds ! ,c5t] ( ! ,e>?2 b unhappily !y h mi/ak5 ! ,cause = ! ,effect2 x be+ f und\bt$ ,pr9ciples pla91 t ! ,atmosph]e has no o!r ,pressure b :at x d]ives f its ,gravity2 & t ! ,weight ( ! upp] ,p>ts ( ! ,air1 press+ on ! l[] ,p>ts !re(1 d s f> b5d ! ,spr+s ( t ,ela/ick ,body1 z to give x a ,=ce equal to ! ,weight t compress'd x1 hav+ ( x self no =ce at all3 ,& suppos+ x _h1 x w be v h>d to expla9 ! ,modus1 h[ t ,pressure %\ld occasion ! ,desc5t ( a ,body circumscrib$ by x1 & press$ equally above & bel[1 )\t "s o!r ,=ce to draw1 or ?ru/ x d[nw>ds4 ,b to demon/rate ! contr>y ( ?is ,op9ion1 an ,exp]im5t 0 long s9ce %ewn be=e ! ,royal ,society1 :]eby x appe>$1 t ! ,atmosph]e 0 s f> f be+ ! ,cause ( ,gravity1 t ! ,effects !re( 7 mu* m vigor\s1 :]e ! ,pressure ( ! ,atmosph]e 0 tak5 (f2 = a long ,glass-,receiv] hav+ a light ,d[n-fea!r includ$1 be+ evacuat$ ( ,air1 ! ,fea!r1 :i* 9 ! ,air w\ld h>dly s9k1 did 9 vacuo desc5d ) ne>ly ! same ,velocity1 z if x _h be5 a ,/one4 ,"s ?9k to illu/rate ?is ,desc5t ( ,heavy ,bodies1 by comp>+ x ) ! ,v]tue ( ! ,load/one2 b sett+ aside ! diff]5ce !re is 9 ! mann] ( _! ,attractions1 ! ,load/one draw+ only 9 & ab\t its ,poles1 & ! ,e>? ne> equally 9 all ,p>ts ( its ,surface1 ?is ,comp>ison avails no m ?an to expla9 ignotum p] que ignotum4 ,o!rs assign a c]ta9 ,symp!tical ,attraction betwe5 ! ,e>? & its ,p>ts1 :]eby !y h1 z x 71 a desire to be unit$1 to be ! ,cause we enquire aft]3 ,b ?is is s f> f expla9+ ! ,modus1 t x is little m1 ?an to tell u 9 o!r ,t]ms1 t ,heavy ,bodies desc5d1 because !y desc5d4 ,?is1 ,i say1 n t ,i c pret5d to sub/itute any ,solution ( ?is ,important ,philosophical ,problem1 t %all m happily explicate ! ,appe>ances ( ,gravity2 only x may be s]viceable to ^? ) :om ! ,cr$it ( great ,au?ors sways mu*1 & :o too readily ass5t 9 ,v]ba ,magi/ri1 to let !m see t _! ,books are n always infallible3 ,besides1 ! detection ( ,errors is ! fir/ & sure/ ,/ep t[>ds ! discov]y ( ,tru?4 ,?\gh ! effici5t ,cause ( ,gravity be s obscure1 yet ! f9al ,cause !re( is cle> en\gh2 = x is by ?is s+le ,pr9ciple1 t ! ,e>? & all ! ,cle/ial ,bodies are kept f ,dissolution2 ! lea/ ( _! ,p>ticles n be+ suff]'d to rec$e f> f _! ,surfaces1 )\t be+ imm$iately br\ght d[n aga9 by ,virtue ( ?is ,natural ,t5d5cy2 :i*1 = _! ,pres]vation1 ! ,inf9ite ,wisdom ( _! ,creator has orda9$ to be t[>ds ea* ( _! ,c5t]s2 nor c ! ,globes ( ! ,sun & ,planets o!rwise be de/roy'd1 b by tak+ f !m ?is ,p[] ( keep+ _! ,p>ts unit$4 ,! ,affections or ,prop]ties ( ,gravity1 & its mann] ( act+ ^u ,bodies fall+1 h be5 9 a great measure discov]$1 & mo/ ( !m made out by ,ma!matical ,demon/ration 9 ?is our ,c5tury1 by ! accurate dilig5ce ( ,galilu1 ,torricellius1 ,hug5ius1 & o!rs1 & n[ lately by our wor?y ,c\ntryman1 ,mr4 ,isaac ,newton1 :i* ,prop]ties x may be v mat]ial "h to enum]ate1 t !y may s]ve = a ,f\ndation to all ^? t %all be will+ to sp5d _! ,?\ghts 9 se>* ( ! true ,cause ( ?is ,desc5t ( ,bodies4 ,! fir/ ,prop]ty is1 ,t by ?is ,pr9ciple ( ,gravitation1 all ,bodies d desc5d t[>ds a ,po9t1 :i* ei!r is1 or else is v ne> to ! ,c5t] ( ,magnitude ( ! ,e>? & ,sea1 ab\t :i* ! ,sea =ms x self exactly into a ,sph]ical ,surface1 & ! ,prom95ces ( ! ,l&1 consid]+ ! ,bulk ( ! :ole1 diff] b ins5sibly !refrom4 ,secondly1 ,t ?is ,po9t or ,c5t] ( ,gravitation1 is fix'd )9 ! ,e>?1 or at lea/ has be5 s1 ev] s9ce we h any ,au!ntick ,hi/ory3 ,= a ,consequ5ce ( its ,*ange1 ?\gh nev] s little1 w\ld be ! ov]-fl[+ ( ! l[ ,l&s on t side ( ! ,globe t[>ds :i* x approa*$1 & ! leav+ new ,isl&s b>e on ! opposite side1 f :i* x rec$$2 b = ?is ,two ,?\s& ,ye>s x appe>s1 t ! l[ ,isl&s ( ! ,m$it]ranean ,sea 7ne> to :i* ! anci5te/ ,writ]s liv'd7 h cont9u$ mu* at ! same height above ! ,wat]1 z !y n[ are f\nd2 & no ,inundations or ,recesses ( ! ,sea argu+ any su* ,*ange1 are record$ 9 ,hi/ory2 except+ ! ,univ]sal ,deluge1 :i* c no bett] way be acc\nt$ =1 ?an by suppos+ ?is ,c5t] ( ,gravitation remov$ = a "t1 t[>ds ! middle ( ! !n inhabit$ ,p>ts ( ! ,_w2 & a *ange ( its ,place1 b ! ,two ,?\s&? ,"p ( ! ,radius ( ?is ,globe1 7 suffici5t to bury ! ,tops ( ! highe/ ,hills "u ,wat]4 ,?irdly1 ,t 9 all ,p>ts ( ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?1 or r 9 all ,po9ts equidi/ant f its ,c5t]1 ! ,=ce ( ,gravity is ne>ly equal2 s t ! l5g? ( ! ,p5dulum vibrat+ ,seconds ( ,"t1 is f\nd 9 all ,p>ts ( ! ,_w to be v ne> ! same4 ',tis true at ,/4 ,hel5a1 9 ! ,latitude ( #af ,degrees ,s\?1 ,i f\nd t ! ,p5dulum ( my ,clock1 :i* vibrat$ ,seconds1 ne$$ to be made %ort] ?an x _h be5 9 ,engl&1 by a v s5sible ,space 7b :i* at t "t ,i neglect$ to obs]ve accurately7 be=e x w\ld keep "t2 & s9ce ! l ,obs]vations h be5 made by ! ,fr5* ,obs]v]s1 ne> ! qu9octial3 ,yet ,i d>e n affirm1 t 9 m9e x proce$$ f any o!r ,cause1 ?an ! great ,height ( my ,place ( ,obs]vation above ! ,surface ( ! ,sea1 :]eby ! ,gravity be+ dim9i%$1 ! l5g? ( ! ,p5dulum vibrat+ ,seconds1 is proportionably %ort'n$4 ,f\r?ly1 ,t ,gravity does equally affect all ,bodies1 )\t reg>d ei!r to _! ,matt]1 ,bulk1 or ,figure2 s t ! ,imp$im5t ( ! ,m$ium be+ remov$1 ! mo/ compact & mo/ loose1 ! greate/ & smalle/ ,bodies w\ld desc5d ! same ,spaces 9 equal ,times2 ! ,tru? !re( w appe> f ! ,exp]im5t ,i be=e-cit$4 ,9 ^! two la/ ,p>ticul>s1 is %ewn ! great diff]5ce betwe5 ,gravity & ,magnetism1 ! "o affect+ only ,iron1 & t t[>ds its ,poles1 ! o!r all ,bodies alike 9 e "p4 ,z a ,coroll>y1 f h5ce x w foll[1 t !re is no su* ?+ z positive ,levity1 ^? ?+s t appe> light1 be+ only comp>atively s2 & :]eas sev]al ?+s rise & swim 9 ,fluids1 'tis because1 ,bulk = ,bulk1 !y are n s heavy z ^? ,fluids2 nor is !re any ,reason :y ,cork1 = ,in/ance1 %\ld be said to be light1 because x swims on ,wat]1 any m ?an ,iron1 because x swims on ,m]cury4 ,fif?ly1 ,t ?is ,p[] increases z y desc5d1 & decreases z y asc5d f ! ,c5t]1 & t 9 ! ,proportion ( ! ,squ>es ( ! ,di/ances !refrom reciprocally1 s z at a d\ble ,di/ance to h b a qu>t] ( ! ,=ce2 ?is ,prop]ty is ! ,pr9ciple on :i* ,mr4 ,newton has made out all ! ,phnom5a ( ! ,cle/ial ,motions1 s easily & naturally1 t its ,tru? is pa/ ,dispute4 ,besides t1 x is highly rational1 t ! attractive or gravitat+ ,p[] %\ld ex]t x self m vigor\sly 9 a small ,sph]e1 & weak] 9 a great]1 9 proportion z x is contract$ or exp&$2 & if s1 see+ t ! ,surfaces ( ,sph]es are z ! ,squ>es ( _! ,radii1 ?is ,p[]1 at sev]al ,di/ances1 w be z ! ,squ>es ( ^? ,di/ances reciprocally2 & !n its :ole ,action ^u ea* ,sph]ical ,surface1 be x great or small1 w be always equal4 ,& ?is is evid5tly ! ,rule ( ,gravitation t[>ds ! ,c5t]s ( ! ,sun1 ,jupit]1 ,saturn & ! ,e>?1 & !nce is reasonably inf]r$1 to be ! g5]al ,pr9ciple obs]v$ by ,nature1 9 all ! re/ ( ! ,cle/ial ,bodies4 ,^! are ! pr9cipal ,affections ( ,gravity1 f :i* ! ,rules ( ! ,fall ( ,bodies1 & ! ,motion ( ,projects are ,ma!matically d$ucible4 ,mr4 ,isaac ,newton has %ew'd h[ to def9e ! ,spaces ( ! ,desc5t ( a ,body1 let fall f any giv5 height1 d[n to ! ,c5t]1 suppos+ ! ,gravitation to increase1 z 9 ! fif? ,prop]ty2 b consid]+ ! smallness ( heigh?1 to :i* any ,project c be made asc5d1 & ov] h[ little an ,ar* ( ! ,globe x c be ca/ by any ( our ,eng9es1 we may well en\gh suppose ! ,gravity equal ?r\gh\t1 & ! ,desc5ts ( ,projects 9 p>allel ,l9es1 :i* 9 ,tru? are t[>ds ! ,c5t]1 ! diff]5ce be+ s small z by no means to be discov]$ 9 ,practice4 ,! ,opposition ( ! ,air1 'tis true1 is consid]able aga9/ all light ,bodies mov+ ?r\gh x1 z likewise aga9/ small ones 7( :i* m h]eaft]7 b 9 great & pond]\s ,%ot1 ?is ,imp$im5t is f\nd by ,exp]i5ce b v small1 & may safely be neglect$4 ,propositions conc]n+ ! ,desc5t ( ,heavy ,bodies1 & ! ,motion ( ,projects4 ,prop4 ,i4 ,! ,velocities ( ,fall+ ,bodies1 are proportionate to ! ,times f ! beg9n+ ( _! ,falls4 ,?is foll[s1 = t ! ,action ( ,gravity be+ cont9ual1 9 e ,space ( ,"t1 ! fall+ ,body receives a new ,impulse1 equal to :at x _h be=e1 9 ! same ,space ( ,"t1 receiv$ f ! same ,p[]3 ,= ,in/ance1 9 ! fir/ ,second ( ,"t1 ! fall+ ,body has acquir$ a ,velocity1 :i* 9 t "t w\ld c>ry x to a c]ta9 ,di/ance1 suppose #cb ,foot1 & 7 !re no new ,=ce1 w\ld desc5d at t rate ) an equable ,motion3 ,b 9 ! next ,second ( ,"t1 ! same ,p[] ( ,gravity cont9ually act+ !reon1 sup]adds a new ,velocity equal to ! =m]2 s t at ! end ( two ,seconds1 ! ,velocity is d\ble to :at x 0 at ! end ( ! fir/1 & aft] ! same mann] may x be prov$ to be triple1 at ! end ( ! ?ird ,second1 & s on4 ,:]e=e ! ,velocities ( fall+ ,bodies1 are proportionate to ! ,"t ( _! ,falls1 ,q4 ,e4 ,d4 ,illu/ration3 ,plate #d4 pag4 #caj ,prop4 ,,ii4 ,! ,spaces describ$ by ! ,fall ( a ,body1 are z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,times1 f ! beg9n+ ( ! ,fall4 ,demon/ration4 ,let ,,ab 7,fig4 #i4 ,tab4 #d47 repres5t ! ,"t ( ! ,fall ( a ,body1 ,,bc p]p5dicul> to ,,ab1 ! ,velocity acquir$ at ! end ( ! ,fall1 & draw ! ,l9e ,,ac2 !n divide ! ,l9e ,,ab repres5t+ ! ,"t1 into z _m equal ,p>ts z y please1 z b1 b1 b1 b1 c4 & ?r\gh ^! ,po9ts draw ! ,l9es bc1 bc1 bc1 bc1 c4 p>allel to ,,bc1 'tis manife/ t ! sev]al ,l9es1 bc1 repres5t ! sev]al ,velocities ( ! fall+ ,body1 9 su* ,p>ts ( ! ,"t z ,ab is ( ,,ab1 by ! =m] ,proposition4 ,x is evid5t likewise1 t ! ,area ,,abc is ! ,sum ( all ! ,l9es bc be+ tak51 accord+ to ! ,me?od ( ,indivisibles1 inf9itely _m2 s t ! ,area ,,abc repres5ts ! ,sum ( all ! ,velocities1 betwe5 none & ,,bc suppos$ inf9itely _m2 :i* ,sum is z ! ,space desc5d$ 9 ! ,"t repres5t$ by ,,ab4 ,& by ! same ,reason ! ,areas ,abc1 w repres5t ! ,spaces desc5d$ 9 ! ,times ,ab2 s !n ! ,spaces desc5d$ 9 ! ,times ,,ab1 ,ab1 are z ! ,areas ( ! ,triangles ,,abc1 ,abc1 :i* by ! #bj? ( ! #f ( ,euclid1 are z ! ,squ>es ( _! ,homolog\s ,sides ,,ab1 ,ab1 t is to say1 ( ! ,times3 ,:]e=e ! ,desc5ts ( fall+ ,bodies1 are z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,times ( _! ,fall1 ,q4 ,e4 ,d4 ,prop4 ,,iii4 ,! ,velocity :i* a fall+ ,body acquires 9 any ,space ( "t1 is d\ble to t1 :]e) x w\ld h mov$ ! ,space1 desc5d$ by an equable ,motion1 9 ! same "t4 ,demon/ration4 ,draw ! ,l9e ,,ec p>allel to ,,ab1 & ,,ae p>allel to ,,bc 9 ! same ,fig4 #i4 & compleat ! ,p>allelogram ,,abce1 x is evid5t t ! ,area !re( may repres5t ! ,space1 a ,body mov$ equably ) ! ,velocity ,,bc w\ld describe 9 ! ,"t ,,ab1 & ! ,triangle ,,abc repres5ts ! ,space describ'd by ! ,fall ( a ,body1 9 ! same ,"t ,,ab1 by ! second ,proposition4 ,n[ ! ,triangle ,,abc is half ( ! ,p>allelogram ,,abce1 & consequ5tly ! ,space describ$ by ! ,fall1 is half :at w\ld h be5 describ$ by an equable ,motion ) ! ,velocity ,,bc1 9 ! same ,"t2 :]e=e ! ,velocity ,,bc at ! end ( ! ,fall1 is d\ble to t ,velocity1 :i* 9 ! ,"t ,,ab1 w\ld h describ$ ! ,space fall51 repres5t$ by ! ,triangle ,,abc ) an equable ,motion1 ,q4 ,e4 ,d4 ,prop4 ,,iv4 ,all ,bodies on or ne> ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?1 9 _! ,fall1 desc5d s1 z at ! end ( ! fir/ ,second ( ,"t1 !y h describ$ #af ,feet1 #a ,in*1 ,london ,measure1 & acquir$ ! ,velocity ( #cb ,feet1 #b ,in*es1 9 a ,second4 ,?is is made out f ! #be? ,proposition ( ! second ,"p ( t excell5t ,treatise ( ,mr4 ,hug5ius de ,horologio ,oscillatorio2 :]e9 he demon/rates ! "t ( ! lea/ ,vibrations ( a ,p5dulum1 to be to ! ,"t ( ! ,fall ( a ,body1 f ! heigh? ( half ! l5g? ( ! ,p5dulum1 z ! ,circumf]5ce ( a ,circle to its ,diamet]2 :5ce1 z a ,coroll>y1 x foll[s1 ,t z ! ,squ>e ( ! ,diamet] to ! ,squ>e ( ! ,circumf]5ce1 s half ! l5g? ( ! ,p5dulum vibrat+ ,seconds1 to ! ,space describ$ by ! ,fall ( a ,body 9 a ,second ( ,"t3 ,& ! ,l5g? ( ! ,p5dulum vibrat+ ,seconds1 be+ f\nd #ci1 #abe1 or ,in*es1 ! ,desc5t 9 a ,second w be f\nd by ! a=esaid ,analogy #af ,foot & #a ,in*2 &1 by ! ?ird ,proposition1 ! ,velocity w be d\ble !reto2 & ne> to ?is x ha? be5 f\nd by sev]al ,exp]im5ts1 :i* by reason ( ! swiftness ( ! ,fall1 _c s exactly det]m9e its ,quantity4 ,! ,demon/ration ( ,hug5ius be+ ! ,conclusion ( a long ,tra9 ( ,consequ5ces1 ,i %all = brevity sake omit2 & ref] y to 8 ,book1 :]e ^! ?+s are m amply treat$ (4 ,f ^! ,f\r ,propositions1 all ,que/ions conc]n+ ! ,p]p5dicul> ,fall ( ,bodies1 are easily solv$1 & ei!r ,"t1 ,height1 or ,velocity be+ assign'd1 "o may readily f9d ! o!r two4 ,f !m likewise is ! ,doctr9e ( ,projects d$ucible1 assum+ ! two foll[+ ,axioms2 viz4 ,t a ,body set a mov+1 w move on cont9ually 9 a "r ,l9e ) an equable ,motion1 unless "s o!r ,=ce or ,imp$im5t int]v5e1 :]eby x is accel]at$1 or ret>d$1 or deflect$4 ,secondly1 ,t a ,body be+ agitat$ by two ,motions at a "t1 does by _! comp\nd$ ,=ces pass ?r\gh ! same ,po9ts1 z x w\ld d1 7 ! two ,motions divid$ & act$ successively4 ,z = ,in/ance1 ,suppose a ,body mov$ 9 ! ,l9e ,,gf1 7,fig4 #a4 ,tab4 #e47 f ,g to ,r1 & !re /opp+1 by ano!r ,impulse1 suppose x mov$ 9 a ,space ( ,"t equal to ! =m]1 f ,r t[>ds ,k1 to ,v4 ,i say1 ! ,body %all pass ?r\gh ! ,po9t to ,v1 ?\gh ^! two sev]al ,=ces act$ bo? 9 ! same "t4 ,prop4 ,v4 ,! ,motion ( all ,projects is 9 ! ,curve ( a ,p>abola3 ,let ! ,l9e ,,grf 79 ,fig4 #a47 be ! ,l9e 9 :i* ! ,project is direct$1 & 9 :i* by ! fir/ ,axiom x w\ld move equal ,spaces 9 equal ,times1 7 x n deflect$ d[nw>ds by ! ,=ce ( ,gravity4 ,let ,,gb be ! ,horizontal ,l9e1 & ,,gc a ,p]p5dicul> !reto4 ,!n ! ,l9e ,,grf be+ divid$ into equal ,p>ts1 answ]+ to equal ,spaces ( ,"t1 let ! ,desc5ts ( ! ,project be laid d[n 9 ,l9es p>allel to ,,gc1 proportion$ z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,l9es ,,gs1 ,,gr1 ,,gl1 ,,gf1 or z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,times1 f ,s to ,t1 f ,r to ,v1 f ,l to ,x1 & f ,f to ,b1 & draw ! ,l9es ,,?1 ,,vd1 ,,xy1 ,,bc p>allel to ,,gf2 ,i say1 ! ,po9ts ,t1 ,v1 ,x1 ,b1 are ,po9ts 9 ! ,curve describ$ by ! ,project1 & t t ,curve is a ,p>abola4 ,by ! second ,axiom1 !y are ,po9ts 9 ! ,curve2 & ! ,p>ts ( ! ,desc5t ,,gh1 ,,gd1 ,,gy1 ,,gc1 to ,,/1 ,,rv1 ,,lx1 ,,fb1 be+ z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,times 7by ! ,second ,proposition7 t is1 z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,ord9ates1 ,,ht1 ,,du1 ,,yx1 ,,bc1 equal to ,,gs1 ,,gr1 ,,gl1 ,,gf1 ! ,spaces measur$ 9 ^? ,times2 & !re be+ no o!r ,curve b ! ,p>abola1 ^: ,p>ts ( ! ,diamet] are z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,ord9ates1 x foll[s t ! ,curve describ'd by a ,project1 c be no o!r ?an a ,p>abola3 ,& say+1 z ,,ru ! ,desc5t 9 any "t1 to ,,gr or ,,ud ! direct ,motion 9 ! same "t1 s is ,,ud to a ?ird proportional2 t ?ird w be ! ,l9e call'd by all ,writ]s ( ,conicks1 ! ,p>amet] ( ! ,p>abola to ! ,diamet] ,,gc1 :i* is always ! same 9 ,projects ca/ ) ! same ,velocity3 ,& ! ,velocity be+ def9$ by ! ,numb] ( ,feet mov$ 9 a ,second ( ,"t1 ! ,p>amet] w be f\nd by divid+ ! ,squ>e ( ! ,velocity1 by #af ,feet1 #a ,in*1 ! ,fall ( a ,body 9 ! same ,"t4 ,lemma4 ,! ,s9e ( ! d\ble ( any ,ar*1 is equal to twice ! ,s9e ( t ,ar* into its ,co-s9e1 divid$ by ,radius2 & ! v]s$ ,s9e ( ! d\ble ( any ,ar* is equal to twice ! ,squ>e ( ! ,s9e !re( divid$ by ,radius4 ,let ! ,ar* ,,bc 79 ,fig4 #b4 ,tab4 #e47 be d\ble ! ,ar* ,,bf1 & ,a ! ,c5t]2 draw ! ,radii ,,ab1 ,,af1 ,,ac1 & ! ,*ord ,,bdc1 & let fall ,,be p]p5dicul> to ,,ac1 & ! ,angle ,,ebc1 w be equal to ! ,angle ,,abd1 & ! ,triangle ,,bce1 w be l to ! ,triangle ,,bda2 :]e=e x w be z ,,ab to ,,ad1 s ,,bc or twice ,,bd1 to ,,be2 t is1 z ,radius to ,co-s9e1 s twice ,s9e to ,s9e ( ! d\ble ,ar*4 ,& z ,,ab to ,,bd1 s twice ,,bd or ,,bc to ,,ec1 t is1 z ,radius to ,s9e1 s twice t ,s9e1 to ! ,v]s$ ,s9e ( ! d\ble ,ar*2 :i* two ,analogies resolv$ into ,equations1 are ! ,propositions conta9$ 9 ! ,lemma to be prov$4 ,prop4 ,,vi4 ,! ,horizontal ,di/ances ( ,projections made ) ! same ,velocity1 at sev]al ,elevations ( ! ,l9e ( ,direction1 are z ! ,s9es ( ! d\bl$ ,angles ( ,elevation4 ,let ,,gb 7,fig4 #a7 ! ,horizontal ,di/ance be z1 ! ,s9e ( ! ,angle ( ,elevation1 ,,fgb1 be s1 its ,co-s9e c1 ,radius r1 & ! ,p>amet] p4 ,x w be z c to s2 s z to sz_/c ,,fb ,,gc1 & by reason ( ! ,p>abola psz_/c to ! ,squ>e ( ,,cb1 or ,,gf2 ,n[ z c to r1 s is z to zr_/c ,,gf1 & its ,squ>e zzrr_/cc w be !re=e to psz_/c3 ,:i* ,equation r$uc$ w be psc_/rr z4 ,b by ! =m] ,lemma #bsc_/r is equal to ! ,s9e ( ! d\ble ,angle1 :]e( s is ! ,s9e3 ,:]e=e 'twill be z ,radius to ,s9e ( d\ble ! ,angle ,,fgb1 s is half ! ,p>amet]1 to ! ,horizontal ,range or ,di/ance s\ght2 & at ! sev]al ,elevations1 ! ,ranges are z ! ,s9es ( ! d\ble ,angles ( ,elevation1 ,q4 ,e4 ,d4 ,coroll>y4 ,h5ce x foll[s1 t half ! ,p>amet] is ! greate/ ,r&on1 & t t happ5s at ! ,elevation ( #de ,degrees1 ! ,s9e ( ^: d\ble is ,radius4 ,likewise t ! ,ranges equally di/ant above & bel[ #de are equal1 z are ! ,s9es ( all d\ble ,ar*es1 to ! ,s9es ( _! d\bl$ ,complem5ts4 ,prop4 ,,vii4 ,! ,altitudes ( ,projections made ) ! same ,velocity1 at sev]al ,elevations1 are z ! v]s$ ,s9es ( ! d\bl$ ,angles ( ,elevation3 ,z c is to s2 s is psc_/rr ,,gb to pss_/rr ,,bf3 & ,,uk ,,ru ,,bf_/#d1 ! ,altitude ( ! ,projection psc_/#drr4 ,n[ by ! =ego+ ,lemma #bss_/r to ! v]s$ ,s9e ( ! d\ble ,angle1 & !re=e x w be z ,radius1 to v]s$ ,s9e ( d\ble ! ,angle ,,fgb1 s an #h? ( ! ,p>amet] to ! height ( ! ,projection ,,vk2 & s ^! heights at sev]al ,elevations1 are z ! said v]s$ ,s9es1 ,q4 ,e4 ,d4 ,coroll>y4 ,f h5ce x is pla91 t ! greate/ ,altitude ( ! p]p5dicul> ,projection is a #d? ( ,p>amet]1 or half ! greate/ ,horizontal ,range2 ! v]s$ ,s9e ( #ahj ,degrees be+ #br4 ,prop4 ,,viii4 ,! ,l9es ,,gf1 or ,times ( ! ,flight ( a ,project ca/ ) ! same ,degree ( ,velocity at diff]5t ,elevations1 are z ! ,s9es ( ! ,elevations4 ,z c is to r2 s is psc_/rr ,,gb by ! #f ,prop4 to ps_/r ,,gf2 t is1 z ,radius to ,s9e ( ,elevation1 s ! ,p>amet] to ! ,l9e ,,gf2 s ! ,l9es ,,gf are z ! ,s9es ( ,elevation1 & ! ,times are proportional to ^? ,l9es2 :]e=e ! ,times are z ! ,s9es ( ,elevation3 ,ergo con/at propositio4 ,prop4 ,,ix4 ,problem4 ,a ,projection be+ made z y please1 hav+ ! ,di/ance & ,altitude1 or ,desc5t1 ( an ,object1 ?r\gh :i* ! ,project passes1 toge!r ) ! ,angle ( ,elevation ( ! ,l9e ( ,direction2 to f9d ! ,p>amet] & ,velocity1 t is 79 ,fig4 #a47 hav+ ! ,angle ,,fgb1 ,,gm1 & ,,mx4 ,solution4 ,z ,radius to ,secant ( ,,fgb1 s ,,gm ! ,di/ance giv5 to ,,gl2 & z ,radius to ,tang5t ( ,,fgb1 s ,,gm to ,,lm4 ,!n ,,lm - ,,mx 9 ,heights1 or ,,mx 9 ,desc5ts2 or else ,,mx - ,,ml1 if ! ,direction be bel[ ! ,horizontal ,l9e1 is ! ,fall 9 ! ,"t t ! direct ,impulse giv5 9 ,g w\ld h c>ri$ ! ,project f ,g to ,l ,,lx ,,gy2 !n by ,reason ( ! ,p>abola1 z ,,lx or ,,gy1 is to ,,gl or ,,yx1 s is ,,gl to ! ,p>amet] s\ght4 ,to f9d ! ,velocity ( ! ,impulse3 by ,prop4 #b1 & #d1 f9d ! ,"t 9 ,seconds t a ,body w\ld fall ! ,space ,,lx2 & by t divid+ ! ,l9e ,,gl1 ! ,quote w be ! ,velocity1 or ,space mov$ 9 a ,second s\ght1 :i* is always a mean ,proportional betwe5 ! ,p>amet]1 & #af ,feet1 #a ,in*4 ,prop4 ,x4 ,problem #b4 ,hav+ ! ,p>amet]1 ,horizontal ,di/ance1 & ,height or ,desc5t ( an ,object1 to f9d ! ,elevations ( ! ,l9e ( ,direction necess>y to hit ! giv5 ,object2 t is1 hav+ ,,gm1 ,,mx1 & ! greate/ ,r&on equal to half ! ,p>amet]2 to f9d ! ,angles ,,fgb4 ,let ! ,tang5t ( ! ,angle s\ght be t1 ! ,horizontal ,di/ance ,,gm b1 ! ,altitude ( ! ,object ,,mx h1 ! ,p>amet] p1 & ,radius r1 & x w be1 ,z r to t1 s b to tb_/r ,,ml & tb_/r h 9 asc5ts9 desc5ts ,,lx1 & ptb_/r ph ,,gl quad4 ,,xy quad4 ratione ,p>abol2 b bb ttbb_/rr ,,gl quad4 #dg4 #a4 ,euclid4 ,:]e=e ptb_/r ph bb ttbb_/rr :i* ,equation transpos$1 is ttbb_/rr ptb_/r ph - bb1 divid$ by bb is tt_/rr pt_/br ph_/bb - #a4 ?is ,equation %ews ! ,"q to h #b ,answ]s1 & ! ,roots !re( are t_/r p_/#b;h 77pp #dph7_/#d;bb7 - #a2 f :i* ,i d]ive ! foll[+ ,rule4 ,divide half ! ,p>amet] by ! ,horizontal di/ance1 & keep ! ,quote2 viz4 p_/#b;b !n say1 z squ>e ( ! di/ance giv5 to ! half ,p>amet]1 s half ,p>amet] d\ble heightdesc5t to ! squ>e ( a ,secant 7pp #dph7_/7#d;bb74 ,! ,tang5t answ]+ to t ,secant1 w be 77pp #dph7_/#d;bb7 - #a or ,squ>e ( ,radius1 s !n ! sum & diff]5ce ( ! a=e-f\nd ,quote1 & ?is ,tang5t w be ! ,roots ( ! ,equation1 & ! ,tang5ts ( ! ,elevations s\ght4 ,note "h1 t 9 ,desc5ts1 if ! ,tang5t exce$ ! ,quote1 z x does :5 ph is m ?an bb1 ! direction ( ! l[] ,elevation w be bel[ ! ,horizon1 & if ph bb1 x mu/ be direct$ ,horizontal1 & ! ,tang5t ( ! upp] ,elevation w be pr_/b3 ,note likewise1 t if #d;bb #dph 9 ,asc5ts1 or #d;bb - #dph 9 ,desc5ts1 be equal to pp1 !re is b "o ,elevation t c hit ! ,object1 & its ,tang5t is pr_/#b;b4 ,& if #d;bb #dph 9 ,asc5ts1 or #d;bb - #dph 9 desc5ts1 d exce$ pp1 ! ,object is )\t ! rea* ( a ,project ca/ ) t ,velocity1 & s ! ?+ impossible4 ,f ?is ,equation #d;bb #dph pp are det]m9$ ! utmo/ limits ( ! rea* ( any ,project1 & ! ,figure assign$1 :]e9 are all ! heights ^u ea* ,horizontal di/ance beyond :i* x _c pass2 = by r$uction ( t ,equation1 h w be f\nd p - bb_/p 9 heights1 & bb_/p - p 9 desc5ts2 f :5ce x foll[s1 t all ! ,po9ts h are 9 ! ,curve ( ! ,p>abola1 ^: ,focus is ! ,po9t f :5ce ! ,project is ca/1 & ^: ,latus rectum1 or ,p>amet] ad ,axem is p4 ,likewise f ! same ,equation may ! lea/ ,p>amet] or ,velocity be f\nd capable to rea* ! ,object propos$2 = bb pp ph be+ r$uc$1 p w be 7bb hh7 h 9 asc5ts9 desc5ts :i* is ! ,horizontal ,range at #de degrees1 ( a ,project ca/ ) ! lea/ ,velocity t w\ld j rea* ! ,object1 & ! ,elevation requisite w be easily _h2 = divid+ ! s f\nd ,semi-p>amet] by ! ,horizontal di/ance giv5 b1 ! ,quote into ,radius w be ! ,tang5t ( ! ,elevation s\ght4 ,?is ,rule may be ( good use to all ,bomb>di]s & ,gunn]s1 n only t !y may use no m ,p[d] ?an is necess>y1 to ca/ _! ,bombs into ! place assign$1 b t !y may %oot ) mu* m c]ta9ty1 = t a small ,error committ$ 9 ! ,elevation ( ! ,piece1 w produce no s5sible ,diff]5ce 9 ! fall ( ! ,%ot3 ,= :i* ,reasons ! ,fr5* ,eng9e]s 9 _! late ,sieges h us$ ,mort>-pieces incl9'd con/antly to ! ,elevation ( #de1 proportion+ _! ,*>ge ( ,p\d] accord+ to ! di/ance ( ! ,object !y int5d to /rike on ! ,horizon4 ,& ?is is all t ne$ to be said conc]n+ ?is ,problem ( %oot+ ^u ,heights & ,desc5ts4 ,b if a ,geometrical ,con/ruction !re( be requir$2 ,i ?9k ,i h "o t is z easy z c be expect$1 :i* ,i d$uce f ! =ego+ ,analytical ,solution1 viz4 t_/r p_/#b;b 77pp ph - bb7_/bb71 & 'tis ?is1 hav+ made ! "r ,angle ,,gdf1 7,tab4 #e4 ,fig4 #c47 make ,,df p1 or greate/ ,range1 & ,,gd b ! ,horizontal ,di/ance1 & ,,db h ! p]p5dicul> heigh? ( ! ,object2 to be laid upw>ds f ,d1 if ! ,object be above ! ,horizon1 or d[nw>ds if bel[ x4 ,p>allel to ,,gd draw ,,fa1 & make x equal to ,,gb ! ,hypo!nusal ,di/ance ( ! ,object2 & ) ! ,c5t] ,a & ,radius ,,fb p h1 sweep an ,ar*1 :i* %all if ! ?+ be possible1 int]sect ! indet]m9ate ,p]p5dicul> ,,df 9 two ,po9ts ,k & ,l1 to :i* draw ! ,l9es1 ,,gl1 ,,gk2 ,i say1 ! ,angles ,,dgk1 ,,dgl1 are ! ,elevations requisite to /rike ! ,object ,b4 ,demon/ration4 ,! ,squ>e ( ,,fk or ,,fl1 is equal to ,,fbq - ,,gbq3 or 7p h7 - bb - hh or pp ph - bb1 & !re=e 7pp ph - bb7 is ,,fk ,,fl1 & by ,consequ5ce ,,dk1 ,,dl p 7pp ph - bb74 ,& z ,,dg3 ,,dk & ,,dl 33 ,radius3 ,tang5ts s\ght1 :i* co9cides ) our ,algebraical ,expression !re(4 ,prop4 ,,xi4 ,to det]m9e ! ,=ce or ,velocity ( a ,project1 9 e ,po9t ( ! ,curve x describes4 ,to d ?is we ne$ no o!r ,prcognita1 b only ! ?ird ,proposition1 viz4 ,t ! ,velocity ( fall+ ,bodies1 is d\ble to t :i* 9 ! same "t1 w\ld h describ$ ! ,space fall5 by an equable ,motion3 ,= ! ,velocity ( a ,project1 is comp\nd$ ( ! con/ant equal ,velocity ( ! impress$ ,motion1 & ! ,velocity ( ! ,fall1 "u a giv5 ,angle1 viz4 ! ,complem5t ( ! ,elevation3 ,= ,in/ance1 9 ,fig4 #b4 9 ! "t :]e9 a ,project w\ld move f ,g to ,l1 x desc5ds f ,l to ,x1 & by ! ?ird ,proposition has acquir$ a ,velocity1 :i* 9 t "t w\ld h c>ri$ x by an equable ,motion f ,l to ,z1 or twice ! ,desc5t ,,lx2 & draw+ ! ,l9e ,,gz1 ,i say1 ! ,velocity 9 ! ,po9t ,x1 comp\nd$ ( ! ,velocities ,,gl & ,,lz "u ! ,angle ,,glz1 is to ! ,velocity impress'd 9 ! ,po9t ,g1 z ,,gz is to ,,gl2 ?is foll[s f our second ,axiom1 & by ! #bj & #ba ,prop4 lib4 #a4 conic4 ,midorgii1 ,,xo p>allel & equal to ,,gz %all t\* ! ,p>abola 9 ! ,po9t ,x4 ,s t ! ,velocities 9 ! sev]al ,po9ts1 are z ! l5g?s ( ! ,tang5ts to ! ,p>abola 9 ^? ,po9ts1 int]cept$ betwe5 any two ,diamet]s3 ,& ^! aga9 are z ! ,secants ( ! ,angles1 :i* ^? ,tang5ts cont9u$ make ) ! ,horizontal ,l9e ,,gb4 ,f :at is "h laid d[n1 may ! comp>ative ,=ce ( a ,%ot 9 any two ,po9ts ( ! ,curve1 be ei!r ,geometrically or ,ari?metically discov]'d4 ,coroll>y4 ,f h5ce x foll[s1 t ! =ce ( a ,%ot is always lea/ at ,u1 or ! ,v]tex ( ! ,p>abola1 & t at equal di/ances !refrom1 z at ,t & ,x1 ,g & ,b its =ce is always equal1 & t ! lea/ =ce 9 ,u is to t 9 ,g & ,b1 z ,radius to ! ,secant ( ! ,angle ( ,elevation ,,fgb4 ,^! ,propositions consid]$1 !re is no "q relat+ to ,projects1 :i*1 by ! help ( !m1 may n easily be ,solv$2 & ?o' x be true t mo/ ( !m are to be met )al1 9 ,galileus1 ,torricellius & o!rs1 :o h tak5 !m f ^? ,au?ors1 yet _! ,books be+ ,=eign1 & n easy to come by1 & _! ,demon/rations long & difficult1 ,i ?\ght x n amiss to give ! :ole ,doctr9e "h 9 ,engli%1 ) su* %ort ,analytical ,pro( ( my own1 z might be suffici5t to ev9ce _! ,tru?4 ,! ,t5? ,proposition conta9s a ,problem1 unt\*'d by ,torricellius1 :i* is ( ! greate/ use 9 ,gunn]y1 & = ! sake ( :i* ?is ,disc\rse 0 pr9cipally int5d$3 ,x 0 fir/ ,solv$ by ,mr4 ,&]son1 9 8 ,book ( ! ,g5u9e ,use & ,effects ( ! ,gun1 ,pr9t$ 9 ! ,ye> #afgd2 b 8 ,solution requir$ s mu* ,calculation1 t x put me ^u se>*1 :e!r x might n be done m easily1 & !reupon 9 ! ,ye> #afgh ,i f\nd out ! ,rule ,i n[ ,publi%1 & f x ! ,geometrical ,con/ruction3 ,s9ce :i* "t !re has a l>ge ,treatise ( ?is ,subject1 ,intitul$1 ,l',art dejett] les ,bombes1 be5 ,publi%$ by ,monsieur ,blondel1 :]e9 he gives ! ,solutions ( ?is ,problem by ,messieurs ,buot1 ,rom] & de la ,hire3 ,b none ( !m be+ ! same ) ,m9e1 or1 9 my ,op9ion1 m easy1 & mo/ ( !m m ,op]ose1 & besides m9e f9d+ ! ,tang5t1 :i* g5]ally det]m9es ! ,angle bett] ?an its ,s9e1 ,i ?\ght my self oblig$ to ,pr9t x = ! use ( all su*1 z desire to be in=m$ 9 ! ,ma!matical "p ( ! ,art ( ,gunn]y4 ,n[ ^! ,rules 7 rigidly true1 7 x n1 z ,i said be=e1 = ! ,opposition ( ! ,m$ium1 :]eby n only ! direct impre/ ,motion is cont9ually ret>d$1 b likewise ! increase ( ! ,velocity ( ! ,fall1 s t ! ,spaces describ$ !reby1 are n exactly z ! ,squ>es ( ! ,times3 ,b :at ?is ,opposition ( ! ,air is1 aga9/ sev]al ,velocities1 ,bulks1 & ,weights1 is n s easie to det]m9e4 ',tis c]ta9 t ! weight ( ,air to t ( ,wat]1 is ne>ly z #a to #hjj1 :5ce ! weight !re(1 to t ( any ,project is giv52 'tis v likely1 t to ! same ,velocity & ,magnitude1 b ( diff]5t ,matt]1 ! ,opposition %\ld be reciprocally z ! weights ( ! ,%ot2 z likewise t to ,%ot ( ! same ,velocity & ,matt]1 b ( diff]5t ,sizes1 x %\ld be z ! ,diamet]s reciprocally3 ,:5ce g5]ally ! ,opposition to ,%ot ) ! same ,velocity1 b ( diff]+ ,diamet]s1 & ,mat]ials1 %\ld be z _! ,specifick ,gravities into _! ,diamet]s reciprocally2 b :e!r ! ,opposition1 to diff]+ ,velocities ( ! same ,%ot1 be z ! ,squ>es ( ^? ,velocities1 or z ! ,velocities !mselves1 or o!rwise1 is yet a h>d] ,"q4 ,h[ev] x be1 'tis c]ta91 t 9 l>ge ,%ot ( ,metal1 ^: weight _m ,?\s& times surpasses t ( ! ,air1 & ^: =ce is v great1 9 proportion to ! ,surface :]e) !y press !reon2 ?is ,opposition is sc>ce disc]nable2 ,= by sev]al ,exp]im5ts made ) all ,c>e & ,circumspection ) a ,mort>piece1 ,extraord9>y well fix'd to ! ,e>? on purpose1 :i* c>ri$ a solid ,brass ,%ot ( f\r ,in*es & a half ,diamet]1 & ( ab\t f\rte5 ,p\nd ,weight1 ! ,ranges above & bel[ =ty five ,degrees 7 f\nd ne>ly equal2 if !re 7 any diff]5ce1 ! "u ,ranges w5t r ! f>!/1 b ^? diff]5ces 7 usually less ?an ! ,errors committ$ 9 ord9>y ,practice1 by ! unequal ,goodness & ,dryness ( ! same sort ( ,p[d]1 by ! ,unfitness ( ! ,%ot to ! ,bore1 & by ! ,loosness ( ! ,c>riage4 ,9 a small] ,brass-,%ot ( ab\t an ,in* & half ,diamet]1 ca/ by a ,cross-,b[ :i* rang$ x1 at mo/ ab\t f\r ,hundr$ ,foot1 ! ,=ce be+ mu* m equal ?an 9 ! ,mort>piece1 ?is diff]5ce 0 f\nd m ,curi\sly3 & ,con/antly & mo/ ,evid5tly1 ! "u ,ranges out-w5t ! upp]4 ,f :i* ,trials ,i conclude1 t al?\gh 9 small & light ,%ot1 ! ,opposition ( ! ,air1 ought & mu/ be acc\nt$ =2 yet 9 ,%oot+ ( great & weighty ,bombs1 !re ne$ be v little or no all[ance made2 & s ^! ,rules may be put 9 practice to all ,int5ts & ,purposes1 z if ?is ,imp$im5t 7 absolutely remov'd4 ,a ,proposition ( g5]al ,use 9 ! ,art ( ,gunn]y1 %ew+ ! ,rule ( lay+ a ,mort> to pass1 9 ord] to /rike an ,object above or bel[ ! ,horizon4 ,x 0 =m]ly ! ,op9ion ( ^? conc]n$ 9 ,artill]y1 t !re 0 a c]ta9 requisite ( ,p[d] = ea* ,gun1 & t 9 ,mort>s1 :]e ! di/ance 0 to be v>i$1 x mu/ be done by giv+ a great] or less] ,elevation to ! ,piece4 ,b n[ our lat] ,exp]i5ce has taught u t ! same ?+ may be m c]ta9ly & readily p]=m$ by increas+ & dim9i%+ ! quantity ( ,p[d]1 :e!r reg>d be _h to ! ,execution to be done1 or to ! ,*>ge ( do+ x4 ,= :5 ,bombs are dis*>g$ ) great ,elevations ( ! ,mort>1 !y fall too ,p]p5dicul>1 & bury !mselves too deep 9 ! ,gr\nd1 to d all t damage !y might1 if !y came m ,oblique1 & broke ^u or ne> ! ,surface ( ! ,e>?2 :i* is a ?+ ackn[l$g'd by ! ,besieg$ 9 all ,t[ns1 :o unpave _! ,/reets1 to let ! ,bombs bury !mselves1 & !reby /ifle ! =ce ( _! ,spl9t]s4 ,a ,second ,conv5i5ce is1 t at ! extream ,elevation1 ! ,gunn] is n oblig$ to be s curi\s 9 ! direction ( 8 ,piece1 b x w suffice to be )9 a ,degree or two ( ! ,tru?2 :]eas 9 ! o!r ,me?od ( ,%oot+ he ought to be v curi\s4 ,b a ,?ird1 & no less consid]able ,advantage is1 9 ! sav+ ! ,pr9ce's ,p[d]1 :i* 9 s great & s num]\s ,dis*>ges1 z we h lately se51 mu/ ne$s am\nt to a consid]able ,value4 ,& = ,sea-,mort>s1 x is sc>ce practicable o!rwise to use !m1 :]e ! agitation ( ! ,sea cont9ually *anges ! ,direction ( ! ,mort>1 & w\ld r5d] ! ,%ot v unc]ta91 7 x n t !y are plac$ ab\t #de ,degrees ,elevation1 :]e sev]al ,degrees above or "u1 make v little diff]5ce 9 ! ,effect4 ,9 ! prec$5t ,disc\rse1 ,i consid]$ all ! ,propositions relat+ to ! ,motion ( ,projectiles1 & gave a ,solution to ?is ,problem2 viz4 ,to hit an ,object above or bel[ ! ,horizontal ,l9e ) ! greate/ ,c]ta9ty & lea/ ,=ce4 ,t is1 t ! ,horizontal di/ance ( ! ,object be+ put b1 & ! ,p]p5dicul> ,heigh? b1 ! ,*>ge requisite to /rike ! ,object ) ! greate/ ,advantage1 0 t :i* ) an ,elevation ( #de w\ld ca/ ! ,%ot on ! ,horizontal ,l9e1 to ! di/ance ( 7bb hh71 :5 ! ,object 0 above ! ,horizon2 or if x 7 bel[ x1 ! ,*>ge mu/ be less]1 s z to rea* on ! ,horizon1 at #de ,elevation1 no great] a ,di/ance ?an 7bb hh7 - h2 t is1 9 ! "o ,case1 ! ,sum ( ! ,hypo!nusal ,di/ance ( ! ,object f ! ,gun1 & ! ,p]p5dicul> ,heigh? !re( above ! ,gun2 & 9 ! o!r ,case1 :5 ! ,object is bel[ ! ,horizon1 ! diff]5ce ( ! same p] #dg4 ,i ,eucl4 ,& ,i !n %ew'd h[ to f9d ! ,elevation prop] = ! ,gun s *>g$1 viz4 ,z ! ,horizontal ,di/ance ( ! ,object1 to ! ,sum or ,diff]5ce ( ! ,hypo!nusal ,di/ance & ,p]p5dicul> ,height3 ,s ,radius to ! ,tang5t ( ! ,elevation s\ght4 ,b ,i 0 n at t "t aw>e t ! a=esaid ,elevation did con/antly bisect ! ,angle betwe5 ! ,p]p5dicul> & ! ,object1 z is demon/rat$ f ! ,diff]5ce & ,sum ( ! ,tang5t & ,secant ( any ,ar* be+ always equal to ! ,tang5t & ,cotang5t ( ! half ,complem5t !re( to a ,quadrant4 ,hav+ discov]$ ?is1 ,i ?9k no?+ c be m comp5di\s1 or bids fair] to compleat ! ,art ( ,gunn]y1 x be+ z easie to %oot ) a ,mort> at any ,object on dem&1 z if x 7 on ! ,level2 nei!r is !re ne$ ( any ,computation1 b only simply lay+ ! ,gun to pass1 9 ! middle ,l9e betwe5 ! ,z5i? & ! ,object1 & giv+ x its due ,*>ge4 ,nor is !re any great ne$ ( ,in/rum5ts = ?is purpose3 ,= if ! ,muzzle ( ! ,mort> be turn$ truly ,squ>e to ! ,bore ( ! ,piece1 z x usually is or ought to be1 a piece ( ,look+-glass ,plate appli$ p>allel to ! ,muzzle1 w by its ,reflection give ! true ,position ( ! ,piece1 ! ,bomb>de] hav+ no m to d1 b to look p]p5dicul>ly d[n on ! ,look+-glass1 along a small ,?read ) a ,plumbet1 & to raise or depress ! ,elevation ( ! ,piece1 till ! ,object appe> reflect$ on ! same ,po9t ( ! ,speculum1 on :i* ! ,plumbet falls2 = ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce & ,reflection be+ equal1 9 ?is ,case a ,l9e at ,"r ,angles to ! ,speculum1 z is ! ,axis ( ! ,*ase ( ! ,piece1 w bisect ! ,angle betwe5 ! ,p]p5dicul> & ! ,object1 accord+ z our ,proposition requires4 ,s t x only rema9s by good & valid ,exp]im5ts to be assur$ ( ! ,=ce ( ,gunp[d]1 h[ to make & cons]ve x equal1 & to "k ! ,effect !re( 9 ea* ,piece2 t is1 h[ f> diff]+ ,*>ges w ca/ ! same ,%ot out ( x2 :i* may mo/ conv5i5tly be engrav5 on ! outside !re(1 z a /&+ ,direction to all ,gunn]s1 :o %all f !nce =w>d h occasion to use t ,piece3 ,& 7 ?is ,matt] well asc]ta9$1 x might be wor? ! :ile to make all ,mort>s ( ! l ,diamet] z ne> z may he1 alike 9 l5g? ( ,*ase1 ,weight1 ,*amb]1 & all o!r ,circum/ances4 ,?is ,discov]y t ! utmo/ ,range on an incl9$ ,plane1 is1 :5 ! ,axis ( ! ,piece makes equal ,angles ) ! ,p]p5dicul> & ! ,object2 comp>$ ) :at ,i h demon/rat$ ( ! same ,problem 9 ! a=esaid ,disc\rse does lead to & discov] two v ready ,!orems2 ! "o1 to f9d ! greate/ ,horizontal ,range at #de ,elevation1 by any ,%ot made ^u any incl9$ ,plane1 ) any ,elevation ( ! ,piece :atsoev]3 ,& ! o!r to f9d ! ,elevations prop] to /rike a giv5 ,object1 ) any ,=ce great] ?an :at suffices to rea* x ) ! a=esaid middle ,elevation4 ,bo? :i* be+ p]=m$ by "o s+le ,proportion1 may be v s]viceable to su* z are conc]n$ 9 ! ,practice ( ,gunn]y1 b are unwill+ to tr\ble !mselves ) t$i\s & difficult ,rules4 ,! two ,propositions are ^!4 ,,prop4 ,i4 ,a ,%ot be+ made on an incl9$ ,plane1 hav+ ! ,horizontal ,di/ance ( ! ,object x /rikes1 ) ! ,elevation ( ! ,piece1 & ! ,angle at ! ,gun betwe5 ! ,object & ! ,p]p5dicul>2 to f9d ! greate/ ,horizontal ,range ( t ,piece1 lad5 ) ! same ,*>ge2 t is1 half ! ,latus rectum ( all ! ,p>abol made ) ! same ,impetus4 ,,rule4 ,take half ! ,di/ance ( ! ,object f ! ,nadir1 & take ! ,diff]5ce ( ! giv5 ,elevation f t half2 ! ,v]s$ ,s9e ( twice t ,diff]5ce subtract f ! ,v]s$ ,s9e ( ! ,di/ance ( ! ,object f ! ,z5i?3 ,!n %all ! ,diff]5ce ( ^? ,v]s$ ,s9es be to ! ,s9e ( ! ,di/ance ( ! ,object f ! ,z5i?1 z ! ,horizontal ,di/ance ( ! ,object /rook1 to ! greate/ ,horizontal ,range at #de4 ,,prop4 ,,ii4 ,hav+ ! greate/ ,horizontal ,range ( a ,gun1 ! ,horizontal ,di/ance & ,angle ( ,incl9ation ( an ,object to ! ,p]p5dicul>1 to f9d ! two ,elevations necess>y to /rike t ,object4 ,,rule4 ,halve ! ,di/ance ( ! ,object f ! ,nadir2 ?is half is always equal to ! half ,sum ( ! two ,elevations we seek4 ,!n say1 ,z ! greate/ ,horizontal ,range is to ! ,horizontal ,di/ance ( ! ,object3 ,s is ! ,s9e ( ! ,angle ( ,incl9ation or ,di/ance ( ! ,object f ! ,p]p5dicul>1 to a f\r? ,proportional2 :i* f\r? be+ subtract$ f ! ,v]s$ ,s9e ( ! ,di/ance ( ! ,object f ! ,z5i?1 leaves ! ,v]s$ ,s9e ( ! ,diff]5ce ( ! ,elevations s\ght2 :i* ,elevations are !re=e _h by add+ & subtract+ ! half ,diff]5ce to & f ! a=esaid half ,sum4 ,i %all n ne$ to speak ( ! ,facility ( ^! ,solutions1 ,i %all only obs]ve t !y are bo? ,g5]al1 )\t ,exception or ,caution1 & d]iv$ f ! ,k t ^! two ,elevations are equidi/ant above & bel[ ! ,l9e1 bisect+ ! ,angle betwe5 ! ,object & ! ,z5i?4 ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,measure ( ! ,airs ,resi/ance to ,bodies mov$ 9 x4 ,by ! ,le>n$ ,john ,wallis1 ,s4 ,t4 ,d4 & ,r4 ,s4 ,s4 #a4 ,t ! ,air 7& ! l ( any o!r ,m$ium7 do? consid]ably give ,resi/ance to ,bodies mov$ 9 x2 & do? !reby abate _! ,cel]ity & ,=ce2 is g5]ally admitt$4 ,& ,exp]i5ce do? atte/ x3 ,= o!rwise1 a ,cannon ,bullet project$ ,horizontally1 %\ld 7suppos+ ! ,cel]ity & ,=ce undim9i%$7 /rike z h>d aga9/ a ,p]p5dicul> ,wall1 erect$ at a great di/ance1 z ne> at h&2 :i* we f9d x do? n4 #b4 ,b at :at ,rate1 or 9 :at ,proportion1 su* ,resi/ance is2 & 7consequ5tly1 at :at ,rate ! ,cel]ity & ,=ce is cont9ually dim9i%$7 seems n to h be5 s well exam9$4 ,:5ce x is1 t ! ,motion ( a ,project 7seclud+ ?is ,consid]ation7 is commonly reput$ to describe a ,p>abolick ,l9e2 z aris+ f an ,uni=m or equal ,cel]ity 9 ! ,l9e ( ,projection1 & a ,cel]ity uni=mly accel]at$ 9 ! ,l9e ( ,desc5t2 :i* two s comp\nd$1 d create a ,p>abola4 #c4 ,9 ord] to ! ,computation h]e(1 ,i fir/ premise ?is ,lemma1 7z ! mo/ rational t do? occur = my fir/ foot+17 ,t 7suppos+ o!r ?+s equal7 ! ,resi/ance is proportional to ! ,cel]ity4 ,= 9 a d\ble ,cel]ity1 !re is to be remov$ 79 ! same "t7 twice z mu* ,air1 7:i* is a d\ble ,imp$im5t7 9 a treble1 ?rice z mu*2 & s 9 o!r ,proportions4 #d4 ,suppose we !n ! ,=ce impress$ 7& consequ5tly ! ,cel]ity1 if !re 7 no ,resi/ance7 z #a2 ! ,resi/ance z r4 7:i* mu/ be less ?an ! ,=ce1 or else ! ,=ce w\ld n prevail ov] ! ,imp$im5t1 to create a ,motion47 ,& !re=e ! effective ,=ce at a fir/ ,mom5t1 is to be reput$ z #a - r3 ,t is1 s mu* z ! ,=ce impress$1 is m ?an ! ,imp$im5t or ,resi/ance4 #e4 ,be x z #a - r to #a2 s "o to m4 7:i* m is !re=e great] ?an #a47 #f4 ,& !re=e ! effective ,=ce 7& consequ5tly ! ,cel]ity7 z to a fir/ ,mom5t1 is to be #a_/m ( :at x w\ld be1 _h !re be5 no ,resi/ance4 #g4 ,?is #a_/m is also ! rema9+ ,=ce aft] su* fir/ ,mom5t2 & ?is rema9+ ,=ce is 7= ! same ,reason7 to be proportionally abat$ z to a second ,mom5t2 t is1 we are to take #a_/m !re(1 t is #a_/mm ( ! impress$ ,=ce4 ,& = a ?ird ,mom5t 7at equal di/ance ( "t7 #a_/mmm2 = a f\r? #a_/m2 & s onw>d inf9itely4 #h4 ,because ! l5g? dispat*$ 79 equal times7 is proportional to ! ,cel]ities2 ! ,l9es ( ,motion 7answ]+ to ^? equal ,times7 are to be z #a_/m1 #a_/m1 #a_/m1 #a_/m1 c4 ( :at !y w\ld h be51 9 ! same ,times1 _h !re be5 no ,resi/ance4 #i4 ,?is !re=e is a ,geometrical ,progression2 & 7because ( m great] ?an #a7 cont9ually decreas+4 #aj4 ,?is decreas+ ,progression inf9itely cont9u$ 7det]m9+ 9 ! same ,po9t ( ,re/1 :]e ! ,motion is suppos$ to expire7 is yet ( a f9ite ,magnitude2 & equal to #a_/7m - #a71 ( :at x w\ld h be5 9 s mu* ,"t1 if !re _h be5 no ,resi/ance4 ,z is demon/rat$ 9 my ,algebra1 ,*ap4 #ie4 ,prop4 #h4 ,= 7z ,i h else:]e demon/rat$7 ! ,sum or ,aggregate ( a ,geometrical ,progression is 7,,vr - ,a7_/7,r - #a7 7suppos+ ,v ! greate/ ,t]m1 ,a ! lea/1 & ,r ! common ,multipli]47 ,t is ,,vr_/7,r - #a7 - ,a_/7,r - #a74 ,n[ 9 ! pres5t ,case1 7suppos+ ! ,progression inf9itely cont9u$7 ! lea/ ,t]m ,a1 becomes inf9itely small1 or #j4 ,& consequ5tly ,a_/7,r - #a7 do? also vani%1 & !reby ! ,aggregate becomes ,,vr_/7,r - #a74 ,t is 7z w appe> by divid+ ,,vr by ,r - #a27 ,v ,v_/,r ,v_/,,rr ,v_/,r c4 ,,vr_/7,r - #a72ad 7suppos+ ! ,progression to beg9 at ,v #a47 ,t is 7divid+ all by ,r1 t s ! ,progression may beg9 at ,v_/,r #a_/m37 ,v_/7,r - #a7 ,v_/,r ,v_/,,rr ,v_/,r c41 ,t is1 9 our pres5t ,case 7because ( ,v #a1 ,r m37 #a_/m #a_/mm #a_/m c4 #a_/7m - #a74 ,t is1 7putt+ n m - #a7 #a_/n ( :at x w\ld h be5 if !re _h be5 no ,resi/ance4 #aa4 ,?is inf9ite ,progression is fitly express$ by an ,ord9ate 9 ! ,ext]ior ,hyp]bola1 p>allel to "o ( ! ,asymptotes2 & ! sev]al ,memb]s ( t1 by ! sev]al ,memb]s ( ?is1 cut 9 cont9ual ,proportion4 ,z is !re demon/rat$ at ,prop4 #ae4 ,= let ,,%1 7vid4 ,fig4 #d4 ,tab4 #e47 be an ,hyp]bola betwe5 ! ,asymptotes ,,ab1 ,,af3 ,& let ! ,ord9ate ,,dh 79 ! ,ext]ior ,hyp]bola1 p>allel to ,,af17 repres5t ! impress$ ,=ce undim9i%$2 or ! ,l9e to be describ$ 9 su* "t1 by a ,cel]ity answ]able to su* undim9i%$ ,=ce4 ,& let ,,bs 7a l ,ord9ate7 be #a_/m !re(2 :i* !re=e1 be+ less ?an ,,dh 7z be+ equal to a ,"p ( x7 w be f>!r ?an x f ,,af4 ,9 ,,ab 7:i* ,i put #a7 let ,bd be su* a ,"p !re(1 z is ,,bs ( ,,dh4 ,n[ because 7z is1 well kn[n7 all ! inscrib$ ,p>allelograms1 9 ! ,ext]ior ,hyp]bola1 ,,z1 ,,ah1 c4 are equal2 & !re=e _! sides reciprocal3 ,!re=e z ,ad #a - #a_/m 7suppos+ ,bd to be tak51 f ,b t[>ds ,a17 to ,,ab #a1 or z m - #a to m3 s is ,,bs 7#a_/m7,,dh1 to dh1 :i* is !re=e equal to #a_/7m - #a7 ( ,,dh2 t is 7z w appe> by divid+ #a1 by m - #a17 to #a_/m #a_/mm #a_/m1 c4 ( ,,dh4#ae ,or if ,bd be tak5 beyond ,b2 !n z ,ad #a #a_/m to ,,ab #a1 or z m #a to m1 s is 7#a_/m7,,dh to dh1 :i* is !re=e equal to #a_/7m #a7;,,dh2 t is 7z w appe> by l divid+ ( #a by m #a27 to #a_/m - #a_/mm #a_/m - c4 ( ,,dh4 #ab4 ,let su* ord9ate dh1 or 7equal to x 9 ! ,asymptote7 ,,af1 be s divid$ 9 ,l1 ,m1 ,n1 c4 7by ,p]p5dicul>s cutt+ ! ,hyp]bola 9 l1 m1 n1 c47 z t ,,fl1 ,,lm1 ,,mn1 be z #a_/m1 #a_/mm1 #a_/m1 c4 ,t is1 s cont9ually decreas+ z t ea* ,antec$5t be to its ,consequ5t1 z #a to #a_/m1 or z m to #a4 ,see ,fig4 #e4 ,tab4 #e4 #ac4 ,?is is done by tak+ ,,af1 ,,al1 ,,an1 c4 9 su* proportion4 ,=1 ( cont9ual ,proportionals1 ! ,diff]5ces are also cont9ually proportional1 & 9 ! same proportion4 ,= let ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 c4 be su* ,proportionals1 & _! ,diff]5ces a1 b1 c1 c4 ,t is1 ,a - ,b a1 ,b - ,c b1 ,c - ,d c1 c4 ,!n1 because ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 c4 are 9 cont9ual proportion1 ,t is1 ,a4 ,b 33 ,b4 ,c 33 ,c4 ,d 33 c4 ,& divid+ 7,a - ,b74 ,b 33 7,b - ,c74 ,c 33 7,c - ,d74 ,d 33 c4 ,t is1 a4 ,b 33 b4 ,c 33 d4 ,d 33 c4 ,& alt]nly a4 b4 c4 c4 33 ,b4 ,c4 ,d4 c4 33 ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 c4 ,t is1 9 cont9ual proportion z ,a to ,b1 or z m to #a4 #ad4 ,?is be+ done2 ! ,hyp]bolick ,spaces ,fl1 ,lm1 ,mn1 c4 are equal4 ,z is demon/rat$ by ,gregory ,san-,v9c5t2 & z su* is commonly admitt$4 #ae4 ,s t ,fl1 ,lm1 ,mn1 c4 may fitly repres5t equal ,times1 9 :i* are dispat*$ unequal ,l5g?s1 repres5t$ by ,,fl1 ,,lm1 ,,mn1 c4 #af4 ,& because !y are 9 ,numb] inf9ite 7?\gh equal to a f9ite ,magnitude7 ! ,duration is inf9ite3 ,& consequ5tly ! impress$ ,=ce1 & ,motion !nce aris+1 nev] to be :olly ext+ui%$ 7)\t "s fur!r ,imp$im5t7 b p]petually approa*+ to ,a1 9 ! ,nature ( ,asymptotes4 #ag4 ,! ,spaces ,fl1 ,fm1 ,fn1 c4 are !re=e z ,log>i?ms 79 ,ari?metical ,progression increas+7 answ]+ to ! ,l9es ,,af1 ,,al1 ,,am1 c4 or to ,,fl1 ,,lm1 ,,mn1 c4 9 ,geometrical ,progression decreas+4 #ah4 ,because ,,fl1 ,,lm1 ,,mn1 c4 are z #a_/m1 #a_/mm1 #a_/m1 c4 7inf9itely7 t]m9at$ at ,a2 !re=e 7by #aj7 _! ,aggregate ,,fa or dh1 is to ,,dh1 7s mu* ,l5g? z w\ld h be5 dispat*$1 9 ! same "t1 by su* impress$ ,=ce undim9i%$7 z #a to m - #a n4 #ai4 ,if !re=e we take1 z #a to n1 s ,,af to ,,dh2 ?is w repres5t ! ,l5g? to be dispat*$1 9 ! same "t1 by su* undim9i%$ ,=ce4 #bj4 ,& if su* ,,dh be suppos$ to be divid$ into equal ,p>ts innum]able 7& !re=e inf9itely small27 ^! answ] to ^? 7z _m7 ,p>ts unequal 9 ,,fa1 or hd4 #ba4 ,b1 :at is ! ,proportion ( r to #a1 or 7:i* dep5ds on x7 ( #a - r to #a1 or #a to m2 rema9s to be inquir$ by ,exp]im5t8 #bb4 ,if ! ,progression be n inf9itely cont9u$2 b end 7suppose7 at ,n1 & its lea/ ,t]m be ,a ,,mn2 !n1 out ( ,v_/7,r - #a7 #a_/m #a_/mm #a_/m1 c4 is to be subduct$ ,a_/7,r - #a7 7z at #aj47 t is 7z by ,division w appe>7 ,a_/,r ,a_/,r ,a_/,r c4 ,t is 79 our pres5t ,case7 a_/m a_/mm a_/m c4 ,& s ! ,aggregate w be 7#a-;a7_/m 7#a-;a7_/mm 7#a-;a7_/m c4 7#a-;a7_/n4 ,& ?us z to ! ,l9e ( ,projection1 9 :i* 7seclud+ ! ,resi/ance7 ! ,motion is reput$ uni=m2 dispat*+ equal ,l5g?s 9 equal ,times4 ,consid] we next ! ,l9e ( ,desc5t4 #bc4 ,9 ! ,desc5t ( ,heavy ,bodies1 x is suppos$ t to ea* ,mom5t ( ,"t1 !re is sup]add$ a new ,impulse ( ,gravity to :at 0 be=e3 ,& ea* ( ^!1 seclud+ ! ,consid]ation ( ! ,air's ,resi/ance1 to proce$ equally 7f _! sev]al beg9n+s7 ?r\gh ! succe$+ ,mom5ts4 ,z 79 ! erect ,l9es7 #a #a #a #a1 c4 #a #a #a1 c4 #a #a1 c4 #a1 c4 & s cont9ually1 z 9 ! ,l9e ( ,projection4#af #bd4 ,h5ce arise? 79 ! transv]se ,l9es7 = ! fir/ ,mom5t #a1 = ! second #a #a1 = ! ?ird #a #a #a1 & s =?1 9 ,ari?metical ,progression3 ,z are ! ,ord9ates 9 a ,triangle1 at equal di/ance4 #be4 ,& su* are ! cont9ual ,increm5ts ( ! ,diamet]1 or ( ! ,ord9ates 9 ! ext]ior ,p>abola1 answ]+ to ! int]ior ,ord9ates1 or ,segm5ts ( ! ,tang5t1 equally increas+2 z is kn[n1 & commonly admitt$4 #bf4 ,if we take 9 ! ,consid]ation ( ! ,air's ,resi/ance2 we are !n1 = ea* ( ^! equal ,progressions1 to sub/itute a decreas+ ,progression ,geometrical2 9 l mann] 7& = ! same ,reasons7 z 9 ! ,l9e ( ,projection4 #bg4 ,h5ce arise?1 = ! fir/ ,mom5t #a_/m2 = ! second #a_/m #a_/m2 = ! ?ird #a_/m #a_/m #a_/m1 c4#ag ,& su* is !re=e ! ,desc5t ( a heavy ,body fall+ by its own weight4 ,! sev]al ,impulses ( ,gravity be+ suppos$ equal4 #bh4 ,t is 79 ! ,figure ( #ab7 z ,,fl1 ,,fm1 ,,fn1 c4 9 ! ,l9e ( ,desc5t1 answ]+ to ,,fl1 ,,lm1 ,,mn1 c4 9 ! ,l9e ( ,projection4 #bi4 ,b ?\gh ! ,progressions = ! ,l9e ( ,projection1 are l to ea* ( ^? _m 9 ! ,l9e ( ,desc5t2 x is n to be !nce inf]r$1 t !re=e #a_/m 9 ! "o1 is equal to #a_/m 9 ! o!r3 ,b 9 ! ,l9e ( ,projection 7suppose7 7#a_/m7f 7su* a ,"p ( ! ,=ce impress$1 & a ,cel]ity answ]able37 9 ! ,l9e ( ,desc5t1 7#a_/m7g su* a ,"p ( ! ,impulse ( ,gravity4 #cj4 ,^? = ! ,l9e ( ,desc5t 7( ! "s ,body7 are all equal1 ea* to o!r3 ,because g 7! new ,impulse ( ,gravity7 9 ea* ,mom5t is suppos$ to be ! same4 #ca4 ,b :at is ! ,proportion ( f to g 7t ( ! ,=ce impress$1 to ! ,impulse ( ,gravity 9 ea* ,body7 rema9s to be inquir$ by ,exp]im5t4 #cb4 ,?is ,proportion be+ f\nd z to "o kn[n ,=ce2 ! same is !nce kn[n z to any o!r ,=ce 7^: ,proportion to ?is is giv57 9 ! same uni=m ,m$ium4 #cc4 ,& ?is be+ kn[n1 z to "o ,m$ium2 ! same is !nce kn[n z to any o!r ,m$ium1 ! ,proportion ( ^: ,resi/ance to t ( ?is is kn[n4 #cd4 ,if a heavy ,body be project$ d[nw>d 9 a p]p5dicul> ,l9e2 x desc5ds !re=e at ! ,rate #a_/m1 #a_/mm1 #a_/m1 c4 ( f1 7! impress$ ,=ce7 increas$ by #a_/m1 #a_/m #a_/m1 #a_/m #a_/m #a_/m1 c4 ( g ! impulse ( ,gravity1 7by #g1 & #bg7 ,because bo? ,=ces are "h unit$4 #ce4 ,if 9 a p]p5dicul> ,projection upw>ds2 x asc5ds 9 ! rate ( ! =m]1 abat$ by t ( ! latt]4 ,because "h ! impulse ( ,gravity is contr>y to ! ,=ce impress$4 #cf4 ,:5 !re=e ?is latt] 7cont9ually increas+7 becomes equal to t =m] 7cont9ually decreas+7 x !n cease? to asc5d2 & do? !nce=? desc5d at ! rate :]e9 ! latt] cont9ually exce$s ! =m]4 #cg4 ,9 an ,horizontal1 or ,oblique ,projection3 ,if to a ,tang5t1 ^: ,increm5ts are z ,,fl1 ,,lm1 ,,mn1 c4 t is z 7#a_/m7f1 c4 be fitt$ ,ord9ates 7at a giv5 ,angle7 ^: ,increm5ts are z ,,fl1 ,,fm1 ,,fn1 c4 t is1 z 7#a_/m7g1 c4 ,! ,curve answ]+ to ! ,comp\nd ( ^! ,motions1 is t :]e9 ! ,project is to move4 #ch4 ,?is ,curve 7be+ hi!rto )\t a ,"n7 may be call'd ,l9ea ,projectorum2 ! ,l9e ( ,projects1 or ?+s project$2 :i* resembles a ,p>abola de=m'd4 #ci4 ,! ,cel]ity & ,t5d5cy1 z to ea* ,po9t ( ?is ,l9e1 is det]m9$ by a ,tang5t at t ,po9t4 #dj4 ,& t aga9/ :i* x makes ! greate/ ,/roke or ,p]cussion1 is t :i* 7at t ,po9t7 is at "r ,angles to t ,tang5t4 #da4 ,if ! ,projection 7at #bg7 be n inf9itely cont9u$1 b t]m9ate 7suppose7 at ,n1 s t ! la/ ,t]m 9 ! fir/ ,column or ,s]ies erect be a2 & consequ5tly 9 ! second1 ma2 9 ! ?ird1 mma1 c4 7ea* ,s]ies hav+ "o ,t]m few] ?an t be=e x37 ,!n 7= ! same ,reasons1 z at #bb7 ! ,aggregates ( ! sev]al ,columns 7or erect ,s]ies7 w be 7#a - a7_/n1 7#a - ma7_/n1 7#a - mma7_/n1 & s =?1 till 7! ,multiple ( a becom+ #a7 ! ,progression expire4 #db4 ,n[ all ! ,abatem5ts "h1 a1 ma1 mma1 c4 are ! same ) ! ,t]ms ( ! fir/ ,column tak5 backw>d4 ,= a is ! la/1 ma ! next be=e x2 & s ( ! re/4 #dc4 ,& ! ,aggregate ( all ! ,num]ators is s _m times #a1 z is ! ,numb] ( ,t]ms 7suppose t17 want+ ! fir/ ,column2 t is t - 7#a - a7_/n1 or 7nt - #a a7_/n2 & ?is aga9 divid$ by ! common ,d5om9ator n1 becomes 7nt - #a a7_/nn4 ,& !re=e 77nt - #a a7_/nn7g1 is ! ,l9e ( ,desc5t by its own ,gravity4 #dd4 ,if !re=e ?is be add$ to a project+ ,=ce d[nw>d 9 a ,p]p5dicul>2 or subduct$ f su* project+ ,=ce upw>d2 t is1 to or f 77#a - a7_/n7f3 ,! ,desc5t 9 ! fir/ ,case w be 77#a - a7_/n7f 77nt - #a a7_/nn7g2 & ! ,asc5t 9 ! o!r ,case 77#a - a7_/n7f - 77nt - #a a7_/nn7g4 ,& 9 ?is latt] ,case1 :5 ! ablative ,"p becomes equal to ! positive ,"p1 ! ,asc5t is at ! highe/2 & !nce=? 7! ablative ,"p exce$+ ! positive7 w desc5d4 #de4 ,9 an ,horizontal or ,oblique ,projection1 hav+ tak5 77#a - a7_/n7f1 9 ! ,l9e ( ,projection1 & !nce 7at ! ,angle giv57 77nt - #a a7_/nn7g1 9 ! ,l9e ( ,desc5t2 ! ,po9t 9 ! ,curve answ]+ to ^!1 is ! ,place ( ! ,project answ]+ to t ,mom5t4 #df4 ,i am aw>e ( "s ,objections to be made1 :e!r to "s ,po9ts ( ! ,process1 or to "s ( ! ,suppositions4 ,b ,i saw n well h[ to wave x1 )\t mak+ ! ,computation mu* m p]plex'd4 ,& 9 a ,matt] s nice1 & :i* mu/ dep5d ^u ,physical ,obs]vations1 'twill be h>d to atta9 su* ,accuracy1 z n to /& 9 ne$ ( "s ,all[ances4 #dg4 ,some:at might h be5 f>!r add$ to direct ! ,exp]im5ts sugge/$ at #ba1 & #ca4 ,b t may be done at leisure1 aft] delib]ation _h1 :i* way to attempt ! ,exp]im5t4 #dh4 ,! l is to be said ( ! diff]5t resi/ance :i* diff]5t ,bodies may meet ) 9 ! same ,m$ium1 accord+ to _! diff]5t ,gravities 7ext5sively or int5sively consid]'d7 & _! diff]5t ,figures & ,positions 9 ,motion4 ,:]e( we h hi!rto tak5 no acc\nt2 b suppos$ !m1 z to all ^!1 to be alike & equal4 ,,po/script4 #di4 ,! ,computation 9 #da1 #db1 #dc1 may 7if t be also desir$7 be ?us repres5t$ by ,l9es & ,spaces4 ,! ,ablatives a1 ma1 mma1 c4 7be+ ! same ) ! fir/ ,column tak5 backw>d7 are fitly repres5t$ by ! ,segm5ts ( ,,nf 7beg9n+ at ,n7 9 ,figure #e & #f1 & !re=e by ,p>allelograms on ^! ,bases1 assum+ ! common height ( ,fh1 or ,,nq2 ! ,aggregate ( :i* is ,nh1 or ,,fq4 ,&1 s _m times #a1 by s _m equal ,spaces1 on ! same ,bases1 betwe5 ! same ,p>allels1 t]m9at$ at ! ,hyp]bola3 ,! ,aggregate ( :i* is h,f,n,qn4 ,f :5ce if we subduct ! ,aggregate ( ,ablatives ,,fy2 ! rema9+ ,tril9e> h,qn1 repres5ts ! ,desc5t4 #ej4 ,if to ?is ( ,gravity1 be jo9$ a project+ ,=ce2 :i* is to ! ,impulse ( ,gravity z h,k to h,f 7be x great]1 less1 or equal7 tak5 9 ! same ,l9e2 ! same ,p>allels det]m9e proportional ,p>allelograms1 ^: ,aggregate is ,,kq4 #ea4 ,& !re=e if ?is be a p]p5dicul> ,projection d[nw>ds2 !n h,kkn 7! ,sum ( ?is ) ! =m]7 repres5ts ! ,desc5t4 #eb4 ,if x be a ,p]p5dicul> upw>ds2 !n ! diff]5ce ( ^! two repres5ts ! ,motion2 :i* s long z ,,kq is ! great]1 is ,asc5d5t2 b ,desc5d5t1 :5 h,qn becomes great]2 & x is !n at ! highe/ :5 !y be equal4 #ec4 ,if ! ,projection be n 9 ! same ,p]p5dicul>1 7b ,horizontal1 or ,oblique7 !n ,,kq repres5ts ! ,tang5t ( ! ,curve2 & h,qn ! ,ord9ates to t ,tang5t1 at ! giv5 ,angle4 #ed4 ,b ! ,computation be=e giv51 ,i take to be ( bett] use ?an ?is ,repres5tation 9 ,figure4 ,because 9 su* ,ma!matical ,enquiries1 ,i *oose to sep>ate 7z mu* z may be7 :at purely conc]ns ,proportions2 & consid] x ab/ractly f ,l9es1 or o!r ,matt] :]e) x is incumbr$4 ,z to ! ,"q propos$2 :e!r ! resi/ance ( ! ,m$ium d n always take (f su* a proportional "p ( ! ,=ce mov+ ?r\gh x1 z is ! specifick ,gravity ( ! ,m$ium to t ( ! ,body mov$ 9 x3 7,=1 if s1 x w save u ! tr\ble ( ,obs]vation47 ,i ?9k ?is c by no means be admitt$4 ,= !re be _m o!r ?+s ( ,consid]ation h]e91 beside ! int5sive ,gravity 7or1 z "s call x1 ! specifick ,gravity7 ( ! ,m$ium4 ,a visc\s ,m$ium %all m resi/1 ?an "o m fluid1 ?\gh ( l int5sive ,gravity4 ,& a %>p ,arr[ %all bore 8 way m easily ?r\gh ! ,m$ium1 ?an a blunt-head$ ,bolt1 ?\gh ( equal ,weight1 & l int5sive ,gravity4 ,& ! same ,pyramid ) ! ,po9t1 ?an ) ! ,base =w>d4 ,& _m o!r l ,v>ieties1 int5d$ 9 my #dh4 ,b ?is ,i ?9k may be admitt$1 namely1 ,t diff]5t ,m$iums1 equally liquid1 7& o!r ,circum/ances alike17 d 9 su* proportion resi/1 z is _! int5sive ,gravity4 ,because !re is1 9 su* proportion1 a heavi] ,object to be remov$1 by ! same ,=ce4 ,:i* is "o ( ! ?+s to :i* #cc ref]s4 ,& aga93 ,! heavi] ,project once 9 ,motion1 7be+ equally swift1 & all o!r ,circum/ances alike7 moves ?r\gh ! same ,m$ium 9 su* proportion m /rongly1 z is its int5sive ,gravity4 ,= n[ ! ,=ce is 9 su* proportion great]1 = ! removal ( ! same resi/ance4 ,& ?is ,"p ( :at my #cb1 ins9uates4 ,b :]e !re is a ,complication ( ^! ,consid]ations "o ) ano!r1 & ) _m o!r ,circum/ances1 :]e( ea* is sev]ally to be consid]$2 !re mu/ be respect _h to all ( !m4 #ad ,r - #a,v7 ,r 7,v ,v_/,r1 ,v_/,,rr1 c4 ,,vr - ,v -------- ,v ,v_/,,vr ------- ,v_/,r ,,vv_/,,rrr -------- ,v_/,,rr c4 #ae m - #a7 #a 7#a_/m #a_/mm #a_/m c4 #a - #a_/m ------- #a_/m #a_/m - #a_/mm -------------- #a_/mm #a_/mm - #a_/mmm ---------------- #a_/mmm c4 #af #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a #a c4 #ag #a --- m #a #a ----- --- m m #a #a #a ----- ----- --- m m m #a #a #a #a ----- ----- ----- --- m m m m ,an ,in/ance ( ! ,excell5ce ( ! ,mod]n ,algebra1 9 ! ,resolution ( ! ,problem ( f9d+ ! ,foci ( ,optick ,glasses ,univ]sally4 ,by ,e4 ,halley1 ,s4 ,r4 ,s4 ,! ,excell5ce ( ! ,mod]n ,geometry is 9 no?+ m evid5t1 ?an 9 ^? full & adequate ,solutions x gives to ,problems2 repres5t+ all ! possible ,cases at "o view1 & 9 "o g5]al ,!orem1 _m times compreh5d+ :ole ,sci5ces2 :i* d$uc$ at l5g? into ,propositions1 & demon/rat$ aft] ! mann] ( ! ,anci5ts1 might well become ! ,subjects ( l>ge ,treatises3 ,= :atsoev] ,!orem solves ! mo/ complicat$ ,problem ( ! k9d1 does ) a due ,r$uction rea* all ! subord9ate ,cases4 ,( ?is ,i n[ design to give a notable ,in/ance 9 ! ,doctr9e ( ,dioptricks4 ,?is ,dioptrick ,problem is t ( f9d+ ! ,focus ( any sort ( ,l5s1 expos$ ei!r to conv]g+1 div]g+1 or p>allel ,rays ( ,light1 proce$+ f1 or t5d+ to a giv5 ,po9t 9 ! ,axis ( ! ,l5s1 be ! ,ratio ( ,refraction :at x w1 accord+ to ! ,nature ( ! transp>5t ,mat]ial :]e( ! ,l5s is =m$1 & also ) all[ance = ! ?ickness ( ! ,l5s betwe5 ! ,v]tices ( ! two ,sph]ical ,segm5ts4 ,?is ,problem be+ solv$ 9 "o ,case1 mutatis mut&is1 w exhibit ,!orems = all ! possible ,cases1 :e!r ! ,l5s be ,d\ble-,convex or ,d\ble-,concave1 ,plano-,convex1 or ,plano-,concave1 or ,convexo-,concave1 :i* sort are usually call'd ,m5isci4 ,b ?is only to be und]/ood ( ^? ,beams :i* are ne>e/ to ! ,axis ( ! ,l5s1 s z to occasion no s5sible diff]5ce by _! ,incl9ation !reto2 & ! ,focus "h =m$1 is by ,dioptrick ,writ]s commonly call'd ! pr9cipal ,focus1 be+ t ( use 9 ,telescopes & ,microscopes4 ,let !n 79 ,fig4 #g4 ,tab4 #e47 ,,be be a d\ble ,convex ,l5s1 ,c ! ,c5t] ( ! ,segm5t ,,eb1 & ,k ! ,c5t] ( ! ,segm5t ,e1 ,b ! ?ickness ( ! ,l5s1 ,d a ,po9t 9 ! ,axis ( ! ,l5s2 & x is requir$ to f9d ! ,po9t ,f1 at :i* ! ,beams proce$+ f ! ,po9t ,d1 are collect$ !re91 ! ,ratio ( ,refraction be+ z m to n4 ,let ! di/ance ( ! ,object ,,db ,,da d 7! ,po9t ,a be+ suppos$ ! same ) ,b1 b tak5 at a di/ance !refrom1 to prev5t ! co9cid5ce ( s _m ,l9es7 ! ,radius ( ! ,segm5t t[>ds ! ,object ,,cb or ,,ca r1 & ! ,radius ( ! ,segm5t f ! ,object ,k or ,k 2 & let ,b ! ?ickness ( ! ,l5s be t1 & !n let ! ,s9e ( ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce ,,dag be to ! ,s9e ( ! refract$ ,angle ,,hag or ,,ca z m to n3 ,& 9 v small ,angles1 ! ,angles !mselves w be 9 ! same proportion2 :5ce x w foll[ t1 ,z d to r1 s ! ,angle at ,c to ! ,angle at ,d1 & d r w be z ! ,angle ( ,incid5ce ,,gad2 & aga9 z m to n1 s d r to 7dn rn7_/m1 :i* w be z ! ,angle ,,gah ,,ca2 ,?is be+ tak5 f ,,acd :i* is z d1 w leave 7m - nd - nr7_/m analog\s to ! ,angle ,a,d2 & ! ,sides be+ 9 ?is ,case proportional to ! ,angles !y subt5d1 x w foll[1 t z ! ,angle ,a,d is to ! ,angle ,,ad1 s is ! ,side ,,ad or ,,bd to ,a or ,b3 ,t is1 ,b w be mdr_/7m - nd - nr71 :i* %ews 9 :at ,po9t ! ,beams proce$+ f ,d1 w\ld be collect$ by means ( ! fir/ ,refraction2 b if nr _c be subtract$ f m - nd1 x foll[s t ! ,beams aft] ,refraction d /ill pass on div]g+1 & ! ,po9t is on ! same side ( ! ,l5s beyond ,d4 ,b if nr be equal to m - nd1 !n !y proce$ p>allel to ! ,axis1 & ! ,po9t is inf9itely di/ant4 ,! ,po9t be+ f\nd z be=e1 & ,b - ,b be+ giv51 :i* we w call 1 x foll[s by a ,process l ! =m]1 t ,f1 or ! focal ,di/ance s\ght1 is equal to n_/7m - m7 f4 ,& 9 ! room ( sub/itut+ ,b - ,b mdr_/7m - nd - nr7 - t1 putt+ p = n_/7m - n71 aft] due ,r$uction ?is foll[+ ,equation w arise1 7mpdr - ndt nprt7_/7mdr md - mpr - m - ndt nrt7 f4 ,:i* ,!orem1 h[ev] x may seem op]ose1 is n s1 consid]+ ! great ,numb] ( ,data t ent] ! ,"q2 & t "o half ( ! ,t]ms arise f our tak+ 9 ! ?ickness ( ! ,l5s1 :i* 9 mo/ ,cases c produce no great ,effect2 h[ev] x 0 necess>y to consid] x1 to make our ,rule p]fect4 ,if !re=e ! ,l5s consi/ ( ,glass1 ^: ,refraction is z #c to #b 'twill be 7#f;dr - #b;dt #drt7_/7#c;dr #c;d - #fr - dt #brt7 f4 ,if ( ,wat]1 ^: ,refraction is z #d to #c1 ! ,!orem w /& ?us 7#ab;dr - #c;dt #irt7_/7#d;dr #d;d - #abr - dt #crt7 f4 ,if x c\ld be made ( ,diamant1 ^: ,refraction is z #e to #b1 x w\ld be 77#aj_/c7;dr - #b;dt 7#d_/c7rt7_/7#e;dr #e;d - 7#aj_/c7r - #c;dt #brt7 f4 ,& ?is is ! univ]sal ,rule = ! ,foci ( d\ble ,convex ,glasses expos$ to div]g+ ,rays4 ,b if ! ?ickness ( ! ,l5s be reject$1 z n s5sible1 ! ,rule w be mu* %ort]1 viz4 pdr_/7dr d - prt7 f1 or 9 ,glass #b;dr_/7dr d - #br7 f1 all ! ,t]ms :]e9 t is f\nd be+ omitt$1 z equal to no?+4 ,9 ?is ,case1 if d be s small1 z t #br exce$ dr d1 !n w x be - f1 or ! ,focus w be ,negative1 :i* %ews t ! ,beams aft] bo? ,refractions /ill proce$ div]g+4 ,to br+ ?is to ! o!r ,cases1 z ( conv]g+ ,beams1 or ( ,concave ,glasses1 ! ,rule is ev] compos$ ( ! same ,t]ms1 only *ang+ ! ,signs ( & -2 = ! di/ance ( ! ,po9t ( ,conc\rse ( conv]g+ ,beams1 f ! ,po9t ,b1 or ! fir/ ,surface ( ! ,l5s1 ,i call a negative ,di/ance or - d2 & ! ,radius ( a ,concave ,l5s ,i call a negative ,radius1 or - r if x be ! fir/ ,surface1 & - if x be ! second ,surface4 ,let !n conv]g+ ,beams fall on a d\ble ,convex ( ,glass1 & ! ,!orem w /& ?us - #b;dr_/7- dr - d - #brt7 f1 :i* %ews t 9 ?is ,case ! ,focus is always affirmative4 ,if ! ,l5s 7 a ,m5iscus ( ,glass1 expos$ to div]g+ ,beams1 ! ,rule is - #b;dr_/7- dr d #br7 f1 :i* is affirmative :5 #br is less ?an dr - d o!rwise negative3 ,b 9 ! ,case ( conv]g+ ,beams fall+ on ! same ,m5iscus1 'twill be #b;dr_/7 dr - d #brp7 f1 & x w be f1 :il/ d - dr is less ?an #br2 b if x be great] ?an #br1 x w always be f\nd negative or - f4 ,if ! ,l5s be d\ble ,concave1 ! ,focus ( conv]g+ ,beams is negative1 :]e x 0 affirmative 9 ! ,case ( div]g+ ,beams on a d\ble ,convex1 viz4 - #b;dr_/7 dr d - #br7 f1 :i* is affirmative only :5 #br exce$s dr d3 ,b div]g+ ,beams pass+ a d\ble ,concave1 h always a negative ,focus1 viz4 - #b;dr_/7 dr d #br7 - f4 ,! ,!orems = conv]g+ ,beams1 are pr9cipally ( use to det]m9e ! ,focus result+ f any sort ( ,l5s plac$ 9 a ,telescope1 betwe5 ! ,focus ( ! ,object-,glass & ! ,glass x self2 ! di/ance betwe5 ! said ,focus ( ! ,object-,glass1 & ! int]pos$ ,l5s be+ made - d4 ,i "h suppose my ,read] acqua9t$ ) ! ,rules ( ,analytical ,multiplication & ,division1 z t multipli$ by makes ! ,product 1 by - makes -1 & - by - makes 2 s divid+ by makes ! ,quote 1 by - makes -1 & - by - makes 2 :i* w be necess>y to be und]/ood 9 ! prec$+ ,examples4 ,9 case ! ,beams are p>allel1 z com+ f an inf9ite di/ance1 7:i* is suppos$ 9 ! ,case ( ,telescopes7 !n w d be suppos$ ,inf9ite1 & 9 ! ,!orem pdr_/7dr d - pr7 ! ,t]m pr vani%es1 z be+ f9ite1 :i* is no "p ( ! o!r inf9ite ,t]ms2 & divid+ ! ,rema9d] by ! inf9ite ,"p d1 ! ,!orem w /& ?us pr_/7r 7 f1 or 9 ,glass1 #br_/7r 7 f4 ,9 case ! ,l5s 7 ,plano-,convex expos$ to div]g+ ,beams1 in/ead ( pdr_/7dr d - pr71 r be+ inf9ite1 x w be pd_/7d - p7 f1 or #b;d_/7d - #b7 if ! ,l5s be ,glass4 ,if ! ,l5s be ,d\ble-,convex1 & r be equal to 1 z be+ =m$ ( ,segm5ts ( equal ,sph]es1 !n w 7pdr7_/7dr d - pr7 be r$uc$ to 7pdr_/7#b;d - pr77f2 & 9 case d be inf9ite1 !n x w yet be f>!r contract$ to pr1 & p be+ n_/7m - n71 ! focal di/ance 9 ,glass w be r1 9 ,wat] #ar1 b 9 ,diamant r4 ,i am s5sible t ^! ,examples are too mu* = ! compleat ,analy/1 ?\gh ,i fe> too little = ! less ,skilful2 x be+ v h>d1 if possible1 9 su* ,matt]s1 s to write1 z to give satisfaction to bo?2 or to please ! "o1 & in/ruct ! o!r4 ,b ?is may suffice to %ew ! ext5t ( our ,!orem1 & h[ easie a ,r$uction adapts any "o case to all ! re/4 ,nor is ?is only useful to discov] ! ,focus f ! o!r propos$ data1 b f ! ,focus giv51 we may !reby det]m9e ! di/ance ( ! ,object2 or f ! ,focus & ,di/ance giv51 we may f9d ( :at ,sph]e x is requisite to take ano!r ,segm5t1 to make any giv5 ,segm5t ( ano!r ,sph]e ca/ ! ,beams f ! di/ance d to ! ,focus f4 ,z likewise f ! ,l5s1 ,focus1 & ,di/ance giv51 to f9d ! ,ratio ( ,refraction1 or ( m to n1 requisite to answ] ^? ,data4 ,all :i* x is obvi\s1 are fully det]m9$ f ! ,equation we h hi!rto us$1 viz4 pdr drf df - prf1 = to f9d d ! ,!orem is 7prf7_/7rf f - pr7 d1 ! di/ance ( ! ,object4 ,= ! ,rule is drf_/7pdr df prf7 4 ,b = p w be 7drf df7_/7dr fr7 p1 :i* latt] det]m9es ! ,ratio ( ,refraction1 m be+ to n1 z #a p to p4 ,i %all n expatiate on ^! ,p>ticul>s1 b leave !m = ! ,ex]cise ( ^? t are desir\s to be in=m$ 9 ,optical ,matt]s1 :i* ,i am bold to say are compreh5d$ 9 ^! ?ree ,rules1 z fully z ! mo/ ,inquisitive c desire !m1 & 9 all possible ,cases2 reg>d be+ _h to ! ,signs & -1 z 9 ! =m] ,cases ( f9d+ ! ,focus4 ,i %all only %ew two consid]able ,uses ( !m2 ! "o to f9d ! di/ance :]eat an ,object be+ plac'd1 %all by a giv5 ,l5s be repres5t$ 9 a ,species z l>ge z ! ,object x self1 :i* may be ( s+ul> ,use 9 draw+ ,faces & o!r ?+s 9 _! true ,magnitude1 by transmitt+ ! ,species by a ,glass into a d>k ,room1 :i* w n only give ! true ,figure & ,%ades1 b ev5 ! ,col\rs !mselves1 almo/ z vivid z ! ,life4 ,9 ?is ,case d is equal to f1 & sub/itut+ d = f 9 ! ,equation1 we %all h pdr ddr dd - dpr1 & divid+ all by dpr dr d - pr1 t is1 #bpr_/7r 7 d2 b if ! two ,convexities be ( ! same ,sph]e s z r 1 !n w ! di/ance be pr2 t is1 if ! ,l5s be ,glass #br1 s t if an ,object be plac$ at ! ,diamet] ( ! ,sph]e di/ant1 9 ?is ,case ! ,focus w be z f> )9 z ! ,object is )\t1 & ! ,species repres5t$ !reby w be z big z ! ,life2 b if x 7 a ,plano-,convex1 ! same di/ance w be #bpr1 or 9 ,glass to f\r times ! ,radius ( ! ,convexity2 b ( ?is ,me?od ,i may ent]ta9 ! ,curi\s at "s o!r ,"t1 & %ew h[ to magnifie or dim9i% an ,object 9 any proportion assign'd1 7:i* yet w be obvi\s en\gh f :at is "h deliv]'d7 z likewise h[ to erect ! ,object :i* 9 ?is ,me?od is repres5t$ inv]t$4 ,a ,second ,use is to f9d :at ,convexity or ,concavity is requir$1 to make a va/ly di/ant ,object be repres5t$ at a giv5 ,focus1 aft] ! "o ,surface ( ! ,l5s is =m$2 :i* is b a ,coroll>y ( our ,!orem = f9d+ 1 hav+ p1 d1 r & f giv52 = d be+ inf9ite1 t ,rule becomes rf_/7pr - f7 1 t is 9 ,glass rf_/7#br - f7 1 :5ce if f be great] ?an #br1 becomes ,negative1 & rf_/7f - #br7 is ! ,radius ( ! ,concave s\ght4 ,^? t are :olly to beg9 ) ?is ,dioptrical ,sci5ce1 _c d bett] ?an to read ) ,att5tion a late ,treatise ( ,dioptricks1 publi%$ by ,w4 ,mol9eux1 ,esq1 ,r4 ,s4 ,s4 :o has at l>ge %ewn ! ,nature ( ,optick ,glasses1 & ! ,con/ruction & ,use ( ,microscopes & ,telescopes2 & ?\gh "s nicely ,critical h endeav\r'd to spy ,faults1 & to traduce ! ,book2 yet hav+ long s9ce exam9'd x ) ,c>e1 ,i affirm1 t if ,i c judge1 x ha? b two ?+s t ) any ,col\r may be call'd ,faults2 ! "o1 an ov]-c>eful ackn[l$gm5t ( e ,trifle ! ,au?or _h receiv'd f o!rs2 & ! o!r t he lab\rs to make easie ?is curi\s ,subject1 s little und]/ood by mo/1 9 a mann] p]haps too famili> = ! ,le>n$ ,critick1 & :i* demon/rates t x 0 writ cum animo doc5di1 bo? :i* require b v little ,fri5d%ip or good ,nature 9 ! ,read]1 to pass = ,v]tues 9 an ,au?or4 ,illu/ration3 ,tab4 #e4 pag4 #cei ,b to return to our fir/ ,!orem1 :i* acc\nt+ = ! ?ickness ( ! ,l5s1 we w "h aga9 resume1 viz4 7mpdr - ndt nprt7_/7mdr md - mpr - m - ndt nrt7 f4 ,& let x be requir$ to f9d ! ,focus :]e a :ole ,sph]e w collect ! ,beams proce$+ f an ,object at ! di/ance d3 ,"h t is equal to #br1 & r equal to 4 ,& aft] due ,r$uction1 ! ,!orem w /& ?us1 7mpdr - #bndr #bnprr7_/7#bnd #bnr - mpr7 f2 b if d be ,inf9ite1 x is contract$ to mpr_/#bn - r 77#bn - m7_/7#bm - #bn77r f1 :]e=e a ,sph]e ( ,glass collects ! ,sun-,beams at half ! ,semi-diamet] ( ! ,sph]e )\t x1 & a ,sph]e ( ,wat] at a :ole ,semi-diamet]4 ,b if ! ,ratio ( ,refraction m to n be z #b to #a1 ! ,focus falls on ! opposite ,surface ( ! ,sph]e2 b if x be ( great] ,inequality x falls )94 ,ano!r ,example %all be :5 a ,hemisph]e is expos$ to p>allel ,rays1 t is1 d & be+ inf9ite1 & t r1 & aft] due ,r$uction ! ,!orem results 7nn_/7mm - mn77r f4 ,t is1 9 ,glass x is at #d_/cr1 9 ,wat] at #i_/dr2 b if ! ,hemisph]e 7 ,diamant1 x w\ld collect ! ,beams at #a-d_/ae ( ! ,radius beyond ! ,c5t]4 ,la/ly1 ,z to ! ,effect ( turn+ ! two sides ( a ,l5s t[>ds an ,object2 x is evid5t1 t if ! ?ickness ( ! ,l5s be v small1 s z t y neglect x1 or acc\nt t #j2 !n 9 all ,cases ! ,focus ( ! same ,l5s1 to :atsoev] ,beams1 w be ! same1 )\t any diff]5ce ^u ! turn+ ! ,l5s3 ,b if y are s curi\s z to consid] ! ?ickness1 7:i* is seldom wor? acc\nt+ =7 9 ! ,case ( p>allel ,rays fall+ on a ,plano-,convex ( ,glass1 if ! pla9 side be t[>ds ! ,object1 t does occasion no diff]5ce1 b ! focal di/ance f #br4 ,b :5 ! ,convex-side is t[>ds ! ,object1 x is contract$ to #br - t1 s t ! ,focus is ne>] by t4 ,if ! ,l5s be d\ble ,convex1 ! diff]5ce is less2 if a ,m5iscus1 great]4 ,if ! ,convexity on bo? sides be equal1 ! focal l5g? is ab\t t %ort] ?an :5 t #j4 ,9 a ,m5iscus ! ,concave-side t[>ds ! ,object increases ! focal ,l5g?1 b ! ,convex t[>ds ! ,object dim9i%es x4 ,a ,g5]al ,rule = ! diff]5ce aris+ on turn+ ! ,l5s1 :]e ! ,focus is ,affirmative1 is ?is 7#brt - #bt7_/7#cr #c - t71 = d\ble ,convexes ( diff]+ ,sph]es4 ,b = ,m5isci ! same diff]5ce becomes 7#brt #bt7_/7#cr - #c t72 ( :i* ,i ne$ give no o!r ,demon/ration1 b t by a due ,r$uction x w s foll[ f :at is premis$1 z w ! ,!orems = all sorts ( ,problems relat+ to ! ,foci ( ,optick-,glasses4 ,,app5dix4 ,an ,analytical ,resolution ( c]ta9 ,equations ( ! ,?ird1 ,fif?1 ,sev5?1 ,n9? ,p[]s1 & s on ad ,inf9itum1 9 f9ite ,t]ms1 aft] ! mann] ( ,c>dan's ,rules = ,cubicks4 ,by ,mr4 ,a4 ,moivre1 ,transact4 ,n #cji4 ,let 7n7 be any ,numb]1 7y7 an unkn[n ,quantity1 or ,root ( ! ,equation1 7a7 a ,quantity altoge!r kn[n1 or :at !y call ,homog5eum ,comp>ationis3 ,& let ! ,relation ( ^! ,quantities to ea* o!r be expre/ by ! ,equation4 ny 77nn - #a7_/7b #c77ny 77nn - #a7_/7b #c77 77nn - #i7_/7d #e77ny 77nn - #a7_/7b #c77 77nn - #i7_/7d #e77 77nn - #be7_/7f #g77ny1 c4 a4 ,its pla9 f ! ,nature ( ?is ,s]ies1 t if n be any odd ,numb] 7t is an ,integ]1 x matt]s n :e!r ,affirmative or ,negative7 !n ! ,s]ies w ,t]m9ate1 & ! ,equation aris+ w be "o ( ! above def9'd1 ^: ,root is 7#a7 y 77#a aa7 a7 - _/77#a aa7 a7 or1 7#b7 y 77#a aa7 a7 - 77#a aa7 - a7 or1 7#c7 y _/77#a aa7 - a7 - 77#a aa7 - a7 or1 7#d7 y _/77#a aa7 - a7 - _/77#a aa7 a7 ,= ,example1 ,let ! ,root ( ?is ,equation ( ! ,fif? ,p[] be requir$ #ey #bjy #afy #d 9 :i* case n is #e1 & a #d1 & ! ,root1 accord+ to ! fir/ ,=m1 is y 77#ag #d77 - _/77#ag #d77 :i* is ,exp$iti\sly resolv$ into ,numb]s aft] ?is mann]4 #ag #d is equal to #h4abca1 ^: ,log>i?m is #j1ijigafd1 & ! fif? "p ( x is #j1ahaidcc1 ! ,numb] answ]+ x #a4ebjc 7#ag #d74 ,b ! ,ari?metical ,complem5t ( #j4fegg is #i4hahjefg1 ! ,numb] answ]+ is #j4ahaidcc #a_/7ag #d7 & ! half diff]5ce ( ^! ,numb]s is #j1dcac y4 ,"h we may obs]ve1 t 9 ! ,room ( ! g5]al ,root1 we may advantage\sly take y 7#b;a7 - _/7#b;a7 if ! quantity a be pretty l>ge 9 respect ( ,unity4 ,z if ! ,equation 7 #ey #bjy #afy #fhb1 ! ,log>i?m ( #b;a #c4acdhadc ^: ,fif? "p is #j4fbfifbh1 ! ,numb] answ]+ is #d4bcf1 & ! ,numb] answ]+ ! ,ari?metical ,complem5t #i4cgcjcgb is #j4bcf1 ! half diff]5ce ( ^! ,numb]s is #b y4 ,b if 9 ! a=ego+ ,equation ! ,signs are alt]nately ,affirmative & ,negative2 or :i* is ! same ?+ if ! ,s]ies be aft] ?is mann]1 ny 77#a - nn7_/7#b #c77ny 77#a - nn7_/7#b #c77 77#i - nn7_/7#d #e77ny 77#a - nn7_/7#b #c77 77#i - nn7_/7#d #e77 77#be - nn7_/7#f #g77ny c4 a4 ,! ,root ( x w be equal to 7#a7 y 7a 7aa - #a77 _/7a 7aa - #a771 or 7#b7 y 7a 7aa - #a77 7a - 7aa - #a771 or 7#c7 y _/7a - 7aa - #a77 7a - 7aa - #a771 or 7#d7 y _/7a - 7aa - #a77 _/7a 7aa - #a774 ,"h x is to be not$1 t if 7n - #a7_/b be an odd ,numb]1 ! ,sign ( ! ,root f\nd mu/ be contr>y to x4 ,let an ,equation be propos'd #ey - #bjy #afy #f1 :5ce n #e1 & a #f1 & ! ,root w be 7#f 7#ce77 _/7#f 7#ce77 or because #f #ce #aa4iaf ^: ,log>i?m is #a4jgfacjd1 & its ,fif? "p is #j4baebefa1 ^: ,ari?metical ,complem5t is #i4ghdgdci4 ,! ,numb]s belong+ to ^! ,log>i?ms are #a4fdae & #j4fjia1 ^: half ,sum is #a4abec y4 ,b if x happ5 t a is less ?an ,unity !n ! ,second ,=m1 z be+ m conv5i5t1 ought to be pit*'d on4 ,s if ! ,equation _h be5 #ey - #bjy #afy #fa_/fd1 !n y w be 7#fa_/fd 7-#cge_/djif77 7#fa_/fd - 7-#cge_/djif77 & if ! ,root ( ! ,fif? ,p[] c by any means be ,extract$ ! true & possible ,root ( ! ,equation1 w !nce ,em]ge1 ?o' ! ,expression seems to ins9uate an ,impossibility4 ,b ! ,root ( ! ,fif? ,p[] ( ! ,b9omial #fa_/fd 7-#cge_/djif7 is 7-#ae7 & s ! same ,root ( ! ,b9omial #fa_/fd 7-#cge_/djif7 is - 7-#ae7 ! half ,sum ( :i* ,roots is y4 ,b if t ,extraction c n be p]=m'd1 or may seem too difficult1 ! ?+ may be solv'd by ! help ( a ,table ( ,natural ,s9es1 aft] ! foll[+ mann]2 ,to ! ,radius #a let a #fa_/fd #j1ieaab ! ,s9e ( "s ,ar* :i* is !re=e #gb #bc'1 ^: ,fif? "p 7because n is equal to #e7 is #ad #bh' ! ,s9e ( x is #j4bdiha ne>ly4 ,! same is ! ,me?od ( proce$+ 9 ,equations ( high] ,dim5sions4 ,a ,disc\rse conc]n+ ! ,action ( ! ,sun & ,moon on ,animal ,bodies2 & ! ,influ5ce :i* ,?is may h 9 _m ,diseases4 ,by ,ri*>d ,mead1 ,m4 ,d4 ,f4 ,r4 ,s4 ,,"p ,i4 ,t "s ,diseases are prop]ly ! ,effects ( ! ,influ5ce ( ! ,heav5ly ,bodies1 & t o!rs d v>y _! ,p]iods & ,symptoms accord+ to ! diff]5t ,positions ( "o or o!r ( ^? ,lum9\s ,globes1 is a v anci5t & c]ta9 ,obs]vation4 ,^u ?is score ,hippocrates#ah advises 8 ,son ,!ssalus to ! /udy ( ,geometry & ,numb]s1 because ! ,k ( ! ,/>s is ( v great use 9 ,physick#ai4 ,& ! e>lie/ ,hi/ories ( ,epidemic ,di/emp]s1 p>ticul>ly d all turn ^u ! alt]ations made 9 our ,bodies by ! ,heav5s4 ,b :5 9 lat] ,times ,m$ic9e came to be accommodat$ to ! ,reason+s ( ,philosoph]s2 no body be+ able to acc\nt = ! mann] ( ?is ,cele/ial ,action1 ,x 0 all[$ no f>!r %>e 9 affect+ our ,heal?1 ?an :at might be imput$ to ! *anges 9 ! manife/ ,con/itution ( ! ,air1 except+ p]haps some?+ ( ,tru? :i* /ill rema9s disguis$ & bl5d$ ) ! ,j>gon ( ,judici>y ,a/rology4 ,9 ord] !re=e to set ?is ,matt] 9 a little cle>] light1 ,i %all 9 ! fir/ place %ew1 ,t ! ,sun & ,moon reg>d+ _! ,ne>ness & ,direction to ! ,e>? only1 besides ! ,effects ( ,heat1 ,moi/ure1 c4 !reby caus$ 9 our ,atmosph]e1 mu/ at c]ta9 times make "s ,alt]ations 9 all ,animal ,bodies2 !n enum]ate "s ,hi/ories & ,obs]vations ( su* ,*anges1 & enquire ( :at ,use su* ,?\ghts z ^! may be 9 ! ,practice ( ,physick4 ,x is a con/ant ,obs]vation ( ^? :o write ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,w9ds1 ,t ! mo/ ,w9dy ,seasons ( ! ,ye>1 are ! ,"t ab\t ! ,v]nal & ,autumnal ,equ9ox2 = be ! ,air nev] s calm be=e or aft]1 we nev] fail ( hav+ ,w9ds at t ,juncture4 ,e body likewise kn[s1 t 9 ! mo/ quiet ,wea!r we are sure ( "s ,breeze at ,mid-day & ,mid-night1 z also at ,full ,sea1 i4e4 always ab\t ! "t ! ,sun or ,moon arrive at ! ,m]idian4 ,seam5 & ,c\ntry ,p reckon ^u ,?is1 & ord] _! ,affairs accord+ly4 ,& ! *anges ( ! ,wea!r z to ,w9ds or ,calms especially ab\t ! ,new & ,full ,moon1 are too well kn[n to require any ,au?ority to confirm su* ,rem>ks4 ,^? :o desire a full] acc\nt ( ^! ,obs]vations1 may see x 9 ,de ,*ales's ,navigation1 ,gass5dus's ,natural ,philosophy1 & ,j4 ,goad1 8 ,a/ro-,meteoro-,logica4 ,^! ?+s be+ ,matt]s ( ,fact1 & 9 a mann] ,regul> & ,univ]sal1 x may v well seem /range t ,philosoph]s h n be5 m accurate 9 _! ,enquiries into ! ,reason ( su* ,appe>ances4 ,true inde$ x is1 t ! ,orig9 ( ,w9ds is v>i\s & unc]ta91 b h[ev]1 s con/ant & uni=m an ,effect mu/ und\bt$ly be ow+ to "o necess>y ,cause4 ,x has b91 n[ a consid]able "t s9ce1 suffici5tly made out1 t our ,atmosph]e is a ?9 ,ela/ic ,fluid1 "o "p ( :i* gravitates ^u ano!r1 & ^: ,pressure is communicat$ e way 9 a ,sph]e to any giv5 ,"p !re(4 ,f h5ce x foll[s1 ,t if by any ext]nal ,cause ! ,gravity ( any "o "p %\'d be tak5 (f or dim9i%$1 t f all sides ar\nd ?is "p1 ! m heavy ,air w\ld ru% 9 to re/ore ! ,equilibrium :i* mu/ ( necessity be pres]v$ 9 all ,fluids4 ,n[ ?is viol5t runn+ 9 ( ! heavi] ,air w\ld c]ta9ly produce a ,w9d1 :i* is no m ?an a /rong ,motion ( ! ,air 9 "s det]m9$ ,direction4 ,if !re=e we c f9d any outw>d ,cause t w\ld at ^! /at$ ,seasons we h m5tion$1 dim9i% ! ,weight or ,pressure ( ! ,atmosph]e2 we %all h ! g5u9e ,reason ( ^! ,p]iodical ,w9ds1 & ! necess>y ,consequ5ces !re(4 ,! ,flux & ,reflux ( ! ,sea 0 a ,phnom5on too visible1 & too mu* conduc+ to ! ,subsi/ance ( ,mank9d1 & all o!r ,animals1 to be neglect$ by ^? :o apply$ !mselves to ! ,/udy ( ,nature2 h[ev] all _! ,attempts to expla9 ?is ,admirable ,contrivance ( inf9ite ,wisdom 7 unsuccessfull1 till ,sir ,isaac ,newton reveal'd to ! ,_w ju/] ,pr9ciples1 & by a tru] ,philosophy ?an 0 =m]ly kn[n1 %ew'd u h[ by ! ,unit$ or ,divid$ ,=ces ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 :i* are encreas$ & less5$ by sev]al ,circum/ances1 all ! ,v>ieties ( ! ,tides are to be acc\nt$ =4 ,& s9ce all ! ,*anges we h enum]at$ 9 ! ,atmosph]e d fall out at ! same times :5 ^? happ5 9 ! ,ocean2 & likewise :]eas bo? ! ,wat]s ( ! ,sea & ! ,air ( our ,e>?1 are ,fluids subject1 9 a great ,measure1 to ! same ,laws ( ,motion2 x is pla91 t ! ,rule ( our great ,philosoph] takes place "h1 viz4 ,t ,natural ,effects ( ! same k9d are ow+ to ! same ,causes4#bj ,:at diff]5ce t kn[n ,prop]ty ( ! ,air1 :i* is n 9 ,wat]1 makes 9 ! ,case1 ,i %all %ew anon2 sett+ aside ! ,consid]ation ( t = ! pres5t2 ,x is c]ta91 ,t z ! ,sea is1 s mu/ our ,air1 twice e #be ,h\rs1 be rais'd upw>ds to a consid]able height1 by ! ,attraction ( ! ,moon com+ to ! ,m]idian2 s t in/ead ( a ,sph]ical1 x mu/ =m x self into a ,sph]oidal1 or ,oval ,figure1 ^: longe/ ,diamet] be+ produc$1 w\ld pass ?ro' ! ,moon4 ,t ! l ,rais+ mu/ foll[ z (t5 z ! ,sun is 9 ! ,m]idian ( any ,place1 ei!r above or bel[ ! ,horizon4 ,moreov]1 ,t ?is ,elevation is greate/ ^u ! ,new & ,full ,moons1 because bo? ,sun & ,moon d !n conspire 9 _! ,attraction2 lea/ on ! ,qu>t]s1 9 t !y !n draw+ diff]5t ways1 'tis only ! ,diff]5ce ( _! ,actions produces ! ,effect4 ,la/ly1 ,t ?is ,intumesc5ce w be ( a middle degree1 at ! "t betwe5 ! ,qu>t]s1 & ,new & ,full ,moon4 ,f ! same ,pr9ciples1 ,! ,motion upw>ds ( ! ,air w be /ronge/ ( all ab\t ! ,equ9oxes2 ! ,equ9octial ,l9e be+ ov] t ,circle ( ! ,globe1 :i* has ! greate/ ,diamet]1 ei!r ( ! ,lum9>ies :5 9 t are ne>]1 & ! ,agitation ( ! ,fluid ,sph]oid revolv+ ab\t a great] ,circle1 is great]2 besides1 ! ,c5trifugal ,=ce 7aris+ f ! ,diurnal ,rotation7 is !re greate/ ( all4 ,?is w /ill be m consid]able ab\t ! ,new & ,full ,moons happ5+ at ^! times1 = ! ,reasons j n[ m5tion$4 ,& ! lea/ ,attraction w be ab\t ! ,quadratures ( ^! ,lun> ,mon?s1 because ! ,decl9ation ( ! ,moon f ! ,equator is !n greate/4 ,! diff]5t di/ances ( ! ,moon 9 h] ,p]igum & ,apogum1 are ! ,reason t ^! full *anges fall out a little be=e ! ,v]nal1 & aft] ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox4 ,n[ ! ,inv]se ( all ?is happ5s :5 ! ,lum9>ies are 9 ! ,sol/itial ,circles4 ,la/ly1 ,9 ! same ,p>allel1 :5 ! ,moon's ,decl9ation is t[>ds ! ,elevat$ ,pole1 ! ,attraction is /ronge/ :5 ! ,moon is 9 t ,places ,m]idian1 & weake/ :5 %e is 9 ! ,opposite ,places ,m]idian3 ,! contr>y happ5s 9 ! ,opposite ,p>allel2 by reason ( ! ,sph]oidal ,figure ( ! ,e>? & its ,atmosph]e4 ,:atev] has be5 said on ?is ,head1 is no m t apply+ :at ,sir ,isaac ,newton has ,demon/rat$ ( ! ,sea to our ,atmosph]e2 & x is ne$less to %ew h[ necess>ily ^? ,appe>ances1 j n[ m5tion$1 ( ,w9ds1 at ! ,/at$ ,times1 c4 mu/ happ5 h]eupon4 ,x w be ( m use to consid] ! ,proportion ( ! ,=ces ( ! two ,lum9>ies ^u ! ,air1 to t :i* !y h ^u ! ,wat] ( our ,globe2 t x may ! m pla9ly appe> :at ,influ5ce ! ,alt]ations h]eby made1 mu/ h ^u ! ,animal ,body4 ,sir ,isaac ,newton has demon/rat$#ba ,t ! ,=ce ( ! ,sun to move ! ,sea1 is to ! ,=ce ( ,gravity1 z #a to #abhfhbjj4 ,let t be ,s4 ,g 33 #a4 n4 ,h5ce1 ,s ,g_/n4 ,& t ! ,=ce ( ! ,moon to raise ! ,sea is to ,gravity1 z #a to #bjcahba4 ,let ?is be ,l4 ,g 33 #a4 s4 ,h5ce1 ,l ,g_/s4 ,& s9ce ! ,c5trifugal =ce ( ! ,p>ts ( ! ,e>? aris+ f its ,diurnal ,motion is to ,gravity1 z #a to #bia4 ,let ?is be ,c4 ,g 33 #a4 ,c4 ,!n ,c ,g_/e4 ,h5ce1 7,s ,l74 ,c 33 7,g_/n ,g_/s74 ,g_/e 33 7#a_/n #a_/s74 #a_/;e 33 #a4 sn_/77s n7 e7 33 #a4 #fjca4 ,! same ,philosoph] has taught u#bb t ! ,c5trifugal =ce raises ! ,wat] at ! ,equator above ! ,wat] at ! ,poles1 to ! height ( #hebjj ,feet4 ,:]e=e if t ,=ce :i* is z #fjca1 raise ! ,ocean to #hebjj ,feet1 ! ,unit$ =ces ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 :i* are z #a4 w raise ! same to #ad ,feet1 = #hebjj_/fjca #ad4 ,proxim4 ,n[ we "k t ! m easily ! ,wat]s c obey ! ,attraction1 ) ! m ,=ce are ! ,tides mov$2 b s9ce1 z ,mr4 ,halley has det]m9'd x1#bc our ,atmosph]e is ext5d$ to #de ,miles1 :]eas ! middle dep? ( ! ,ocean is b ab\t half a ,mile2 x is pla91 t ! ,air revolv+ 9 a ,sph]e ab\t #ajj times l>g] ?an t ( ! ,ocean1 w h a proportionably great] ,agitation4 ,besides1 ,rocks1 ,%elves1 & ! inequality ( ,%o>s are a great /op to ! ,access & ,recess ( ! ,sea3 ,b no?+ repels ! ris+ ,air1 :i* is also ( su* ?9ness & fluidity1 t x is easily driv51 & runs e way4 ,nor ought we to omit1 t x is ! univ]sal ,law ( ,bodies ,attract$1 t ! ,=ce ( ,attraction is reciprocally z ! ,squ>es ( _! ,di/ances2 s t ! ,action ( ! ,sun & ,moon w be great] ^u ! ,air ?an ^u ! ,wat]1 ^u ! ,acc\nt ( its ,ne>ness4 ,b ! ,consid]ation ( ! ,ela/icity is /ill ( great] ,mom5t "h1 ( :i* ?is is ! nature1 t x is reciprocally z ! ,pressure1 s t ! incumb5t ,weight be+ dim9i%$ by ! ,attraction1 ! ,air und]nea? w ^u ?is score be mightily exp&$4 ,^! & su* l ,causes w make ! ,tides 9 ! ,air to be mu* great] ?an ^? ( ! ,ocean2 nor is x necess>y to our purpose to det]m9e1 by nice ,calculations1 _! p>ticul> ,=ces2 x is suffici5t to h prov$ t ^! ,motions mu/ bo? be ,univ]sal1 & also return at c]ta9 ,int]vals4 ,n[ s9ce ! rais+ ( ! ,wat] ( ! ,ocean #ad ,feet1 produces ,torr5ts ( su* a prodigi\s ,=ce1 we may easily conceive :at ,tempe/s ( ,w9ds 7if n o!rwise *eck'd7 ! ,elevation ( ! ,air mu* high] 7p]haps above a ,mile7 w necess>ily cause4 ,& !re is no d\bt to be made1 b t ! same inf9itely ,wise ,be+1 :o contriv$ ! ,flux & ,reflux ( ! ,sea1 to secure t va/ ,collection ( ,wat]s f ,/agnation & ,corruption 7:i* w\ld inevitably de/roy all ! ,animals & ,vegetables on ?is ,globe7 has ord]$ ?is ,ebb & ,flood ( ! ,air ( our ,atmosph]e1 ) ! l good design1 t is to pres]ve 79 ,case all o!r ,causes %\ld fail1 z !y may1 & at times d 9 "s ,c\ntries7 ! sweet ,fre%ness1 & brisk ,temp] ( ?is ,fluid1 s necess>y to ,life1 & keep x1 by a k9d ( cont9ual ,circulation1 f ,deadness & ,/9k+4 ,?is ,reason+ is liable to only "o ,objection t ,i "k (1 & t is ?is3 ,t ! ,appe>ances we h m5tion'd _c be ow+ to ! ,causes n[ assign$2 s9ce by ,calculation f !m1 ! ,m]cury mu/ at ,new & ,full ,moon subside 9 ! ,b>omet] to a c]ta9 degree1 :i* yet we d n obs]ve to happ54 ,9 answ] to :i*1 7besides t !re h be5 "s ,obs]vations made ( ! s9k+ ( ! ,m]cury at ^? times2 & x may p]haps be ! fault ( ! ,obs]v]s t ^! h n be5 r$uc$ to any ,rule7 ,we are to ,consid]1 ,t al?o' ,w9ds & ,alt]ations 9 ! ,pressure ( ! ,atmosph]e1 are ! necess>y consequ5ts ( ! ,lun> ,attraction1 & true ,causes ( ! diff]5t ,rise ( ! ,m]cury 9 ! ,b>omet]2 yet ^! may be produc$ _m o!rs ways too1 & !re=e ?o' regul>ly ! ,m]cury w\ld always fall at ! ,new & ,full ,moon1 ^? o!r ,causes may be /rong en\gh1 ev5 to raise x at ^? ,seasons2 9 z mu* z two contr>y ,w9ds1 = in/ance1 bl[+ t[>ds ! ,place ( ,obs]vation1 may accumulate ! ,air !re1 s z to increase bo? ! height & weight ( ! incumb5t ,cyl9d]2 9 l mann]1 ! ,direction ( two ,w9ds may be su*1 z meet+ at c]ta9 ,angle !y may keep ! ,gravity ( ! ,air 9 ! middle place unalt]$2 & a ,?\s& su* ,v>ieties !re may be1 by :i* ! ,regul>ity ( ,appe>ances ( ?is nature may be h9d]$4 ,n[ ! o!r ,spr+s1 f :i* su* ,*anges 9 ! ,air may arise1 are ^!4 #a4 ,ela/ic ,vap\rs =c'd f ! ,b[els ( ! ,e>?1 by ,subt]rane\s ,heats1 & cond5s$ by :atev] cause 9 ! ,atmosph]e4 #b4 ,a mixture ( ,effluvia ( diff]5t qualities 9 ! ,air1 may by ,r>efactions1 ,f]m5tations1 c4 produce ,w9ds & o!r ,effects l ^? result+ f ! ,comb9ation ( "s ,*ymical ,liquors2 & t su* ?+s happ51 we are assur$ f ! ,nature ( ,?und]1 ,lightn+1 & ,meteors4 #c4 ,f ! ,eruptions ( ,vulcanoes & ,e>?quakes 9 di/ant ,places1 ,w9ds may be propagat$ to remot] ,c\ntries4 #d4 ,! divid$ or ,unit$ ,=ces ( ! o!r ,planets & ( ,comets1 may v>i\sly di/urb ! influ5ce ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 c4 ,we "k t !re happ5 viol5t ,tempe/s 9 ! upp] ,regions ( ! ,air1 :ile we bel[ enjoy a ,calm2 & h[ _m ,ridges ( ,m\nta9s !re are on our ,globe1 :i* int]rupt & *eck ! ,propagation ( ! ,w9ds2 s t x is no wond] t ! ,phnom5a we h ascrib$ to ! ,action ( ! ,sun & ,moon1 are n always con/ant & uni=m1 & t e ,effect does n h]eupon foll[2 :i*1 7 !re no o!r ,p[]s 9 ,nature able to alt] ! influ5ce ( ?is1 might 9 a v regul> & uni=m mann] be expect$ f x4 ,^! ?+s be+ premis$1 x w n be difficult to %ew 7z 0 propos$ 9 ! fir/ ,place7 t ^! ,*anges 9 our ,atmosph]e at ,high ,wat]1 ,new & ,full ,moon1 ! qu9oxes1 c4 mu/ occasion "s ,alt]ations 9 all ,animal ,bodies2 & t f ! foll[+ ,consid]ations4 #a4 ,all liv+ ,creatures require ,air ( a det]m9$ ,gravity to p]=m ,respiration easily1 & ) ,advantage2 = x is by its weight t ?is ,fluid ins9uates x self into ! ,cavity ( ! ,brea/ & ,lungs4 ,n[ ! ,gravity1 z we h prov$1 be+ less5$ at ^! ,seasons1 a small] quantity only w ins9uate x self1 & ?is mu/ be ( small] =ce to comm9ute ! ,blood1 & =w>d its ,passage into ! left ,v5tricle ( ! ,he>t1 :5ce a sl[] ,circulation insues1 & ! ,secretion ( ,spirits is dim9i%$4 #b4 ,?is ,effect w be ! m sure1 9 t ! ,ela/icity ( ! ,atmosph]e is likewise dim9i%$4 ,animals want ,air z heavy s ,ela/ic to a c]ta9 degree2 ,= z ?is is by its weight =c$ into ! ,cavity ( ! ,?orax 9 ,inspiration1 s ! ,muscles ( ! ,abdom5 press x into ! ,bron*i 9 ,expiration1 :]e ! b5d+ =ce be+ some:at tak5 (f1 & ,spr+y ,bodies :5 unb5d$1 ex]t+ _! ,p[] e way1 9 ,proportion to _! ,pressures1 ! ,p>ts ( ! ,air pu% aga9/ all ! sides ( ! ,vesicul1 & promote ! ,passage ( ! ,blood4 ,we h a conv9c+ ,in/ance ( all ?is1 9 ^? :o g to ! top ( high ,m\nta9s1 = ! ,air is !re s pure 7z !y call x7 t is1 wants s mu* ( its ,gravity & ,ela/icity1 t !y ,brea! ) v great difficulty4 #c4 ,all ! ,fluids 9 ,animals h 9 !m a mixture ( ,ela/ic ,aura1 :i* :5 set at lib]ty1 %ews its ,en]gy1 & causes ^? ,f]m5tations we obs]ve 9 ! ,blood & ,spirits3 ,n[ :5 ! ,pressure ( ! ,atmosph]e1 ^u ! ,surface ( our ,body is dim9i%$1 ! inw>d ,air 9 ! ,vessels mu/ necess>ily be inabl$ to ex]t its ,=ce1 9 ,proportion to ! less5+ ! ,gravity & ,ela/icity ( ! outw>d2 h]eupon ! ,juices beg9 to f]m5t1 *ange ! ,union & ,cohsion ( _! ,p>ts1 break _! ,canals1 c4 ,?is is v pla9 9 liv+ ,creatures put into ! ,receiv]1 exhau/$ by ! ,air-,pump1 :i* always swell z ! ,air is m & m drawn out2 _! ,lungs at ! same "t contract+ !mselves1 & fall+ s toge!r z to be h>dly disc]nible4#bd ,e're we proce$ to ,matt]s ( ,fact1 x may be wor? ! :ile to take ,notice1 ,t ,effects dep5d+ on su* ,causes z ^!1 mu/ ( necessity be mo/ visible 9 ,weak ,bodies & ,morbid ,con/itutions1 :5 o!r ,circum/ances concur to _! tak+ ,place4 ,= ?is reason1 :atev] ,mis*iefs d h5ce foll[1 _c 9 ! lea/ disp>age ! ,wise ,contrivance ( ,inf9ite ,p[] 9 ord]+ ^! ,tides ( our ,atmosph]e4 ,! ,au?or ( ,nature1 we "k1 has made all ?+s to ! greate/ ,advantage t c\ld be1 = ! :ole ,sy/em ( ,animals on our ,globe1 b x 0 impossible t su* a disposition %\'d n 9 "s ,cases be prejudicial to a ,few4 ,! ,position & ,di/ance ( ! ,sun are s adju/$1 z to give 9 ! mo/ b5eficial mann] possible1 ,heat & ,light to ! ,e>?2 yet ?is not)/&+1 "s ,places may be too hot = "s weakly ,bodies2 "s ,autumns too sultry to agree ) "s ,animals1 & "s ,w9t]s too cold to be endur$ by "s t5d] ,creatures3 ,! :ole h[ev] we mu/ own1 is mo/ c>efully provid$ =4 ,besides1 z mo/ ( ^! la/ m5tion$ ,inconv5i5cies are by easy %ifts to be avoid$2 s !re are su* ,p[]ful ,*ecks put to ?is ,a]eal ,flux & ,reflux1 s _m ways ( abat+ ! ,damages accru+ f x n[ & !n2 t ^! are ( no acc\nt 9 comp>ison ( ! mighty ,b5efits h5ce aris+1 9 :i* ! ,race ( ,mank9d does univ]sally %>e4 #ah ,epi/4 ad ,!ssalum ,filium4 #ai 4 ,de ,a]e ,aquis ,locis4 #bj ,newton1 ,pr9cip4 p4 #djb4 #ba ,pr9cip4 ,lib4 #c4 ,prop4 #cf4 #bb ,ibid4 ,lib4 #c4 ,prop4 #cg4 #bc ,philos4 ,trans4 ,n #aha4 #bd ,esp]i5ze dell' ,academia del ,cim5to1 p4m4 #aac4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,!re are no ,hi/orys 9 ,physick :i* we may m safely take ^u ! ,cr$it ( ! ,au?ors :o relate 'em1 ?an su* z we are n[ go+ to m5tion4 ,9 "s ,cases a ,po9t may p]haps be /ra9$ to s]ve a d>l+ ,hypo!sis :i* ! ,writ] has tak5 up1 b "h we are mu* m likely to h pure ,matt] ( ,fact1 because hi!rto no "o has pret5d$ ! ,appe>ances ( ?is k9d to be )9 ! ,rea* ( any ,s*eme ( ,philosophy4 ,epileptical ,diseases besides ! o!r ,difficultys ) :i* !y are att5d$1 h ?is also surpriz+1 t 9 "s ! ,fits d con/antly return e ,new & ,full ,moon2 ! ,moon 7says ,gal5#be7 gov]ns ! ,p]iods ( ,epileptic ,cases4 ,^u ?is score1 ,!y :o 7 ?us affect$ 7 call$ #bf & 9 ! ,hi/orys ( ! ,gospel #bg by "s ( ! ,lat9s aft]w>ds1 ,lunatici#bh4 ,b>?ol9#bi tells a ,/ory ( "o ,epileptic :o _h app>5t ,spots 9 h] ,face1 :i* accord+ to ! ,"t ( ! ,moon1 v>y$ bo? _! ,col\r & ,magnitude4 ,b no great] ,cons5t 9 su* ,cases 0 p]haps ev] ,obs]v$ ?an :at ,i saw "s "t s9ce 9 a ,*ild ab\t #e ye>s old1 9 :i* ! ,convulsions 7 s /rong & frequ5t1 t life 0 almo/ despair'd (1 & by ,evacuations & o!r ,m$ic9es v difficultly sav$4 ,! ,girl1 :o 0 ( a lu/y full habit ( ,body1 cont9u$ well = a few days1 b 0 at ,full ,moon aga9 seiz$ ) a mo/ viol5t ,fit1 aft] :i*1 ! ,disease kept its ,p]iods con/ant & regul> ) ! ,tides2 ,%e lay always ,spee*less dur+ ! :ole "t ( ,flood1 & ,recov]$ ^u ! ,ebb4 ,! ,fa!r :o lives by ! ,?ames side1 & does bus9ess ^u ! ,riv]1 obs]v$ ^! ,returns to be s punctual1 t n only com+ home ,he knew h[ ! ,*ild 0 be=e he saw x1 b 9 ! night has ris5 to 8 ,employ1 be+ w>n$ by ,cries :5 com+ out ( h] ,fit1 ( ! turn+ ( ! ,wat]4 ,?is cont9u$ #ad days1 t is1 to ! next great ,*ange ( ! ,moon1 & !n a dry ,scab on ! ,cr[n ( ! ,head1 7! effect ( an ,epispa/ic ,plai/]1 ) :i* ,i _h cov]$ ! :ole ,occiput 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,illness7 broke1 & f ! ,sore1 ?o' !re _h be5 no s5sible ,dis*>ge ?is way = above a ,=tnight1 ran a consid]able quantity ( limpid ,s]um2 ^u :i*1 ! ,fits return+ no m1 ,i took great c>e to promote ?is new ,evacuation by prop] ,applications1 ) desir$ ,success1 = "s "t2 & :5 x ceas$1 besides two or ?ree ,purges ) ,m]curius ,dulcis1 c4 ord]$ an ,issue 9 ! ,neck1 :i* be+ ?\ght tr\blesome1 0 made 9 ! ,arm2 ! ,pati5t h[ev] has nev] s9ce felt any ,attacks ( ^? frightful ,symptoms4 ,:e!r or no x be ?ro' want ( due ,he$ & ,enquiry t we h n 9 all ! ,collections ( ,hi/ories & ,cases1 any ,in/ance ( ! l ,nature s p>ticul> z ?is is1 ,i "k n2 ?is is c]ta91 t z ! ,v]tigo is a ,disease ne>ly relat$ to ! ,epilepsy1 & ! ,hy/]ical ,symptoms d p>take ( ! same ,nature2 s bo? "o & ! o!r are frequ5tly obs]v$ to obey ! ,lun> ,influ5ce4 ,9 l mann]1 ! rav+ ,fits ( ,mad ,p1 :i* keep ,lun> ,p]iods1 are g5]ally 9 "s degree ,epileptic too4 ,tulpius#cj & ,piso#ca af=d u rem>kable ,in/ances ( ,p]iodical ,palseys4 ,e "o kn[s h[ great a %>e ! ,moon has 9 =w>d+ ^? ,evacuations ( ! weak] ,sex1 :i* h _! ,"n f ! con/ant ,regul>ity !y keep 9 _! ,returns2 & !re is no "q to be made1 b ! ,correspond5cy we "h obs]ve1 w\ld be great] /ill1 & ev5 ,univ]sal1 did n _m ,accid5ts1 & ! inf9ite ,v>ieties 9 p>ticul> ,con/itutions "o way or o!r concur to make a diff]5ce4 ,x is v obs]vable t 9 ,c\ntries ne>e/ to ! quator1 :]e we h prov$ ! ,lun> ,action to be /ronge/2 ^! ,mon?ly ,secretions are 9 mu* great] quantity ?an 9 ^? ne> ! ,poles1 :]e ?is =ce is weake/4 ,?is ,hippocrates#cb takes notice (1 & gives x z "o ,reason :y ! ,wom5 9 ,scy?ia are n v fruitful4 ,! ,case be+ ?us ) ,females1 x is no wond] if we sometimes meet ) ,p]iodical ,hmorrhages answ]+ to ! times ( ! ,moon 9 ,males also4 ,= z a great] quantity ( ,blood 9 proportion to ! bulk 9 "o ,sex1 is ! reason ( its dis*>g+ x self ?ro' prop] ,ducts1 at c]ta9 ,int]vals1 :5 ! pressure ( ! ext]nal ,air be+ dim9i%'d1 ! int]nal ,aura c ex]t its ,ela/icity2 s 9 ! o!r1 if at any "t !re happ5s to be a ,sup]abundancy ( ! same ,fluid1 toge!r ) a weak ,tone ( ! ,fibres2 x is pla9 t ! ,vessels w be mo/ easily bur/1 :5 ! ,resi/ance ( ! ,atmosph]e is lea/4 ,& ?is m especially1 if any accid5tal hurt1 or r>efy+ ,=ce has fir/ giv5 occasion to ! o!r ,causes to take effect4 ,i "k a ,g5tleman ( a t5d] frame ( ,body1 :o hav+ once1 by ov] rea*+1 /ra9$ ! p>ts ab\t ! ,brea/2 fell !reupon into a spitt+ ( ,blood1 :i* = a ,ye> & half con/antly return'd e ,new ,moon1 & decreas+ gradually1 cont9u$ always #d or #e days4 ,! ,fits be+ m or less consid]able1 accord+ z 8 managem5t ab\t t "t1 contribut$ to a great] or less] fullness ( ! ,vessels4 ,we h two notable ,in/ances ( ! l nature 9 our ,philosophical ,transactions2 ! "o#cc ( a ,p]son1 :o f 8 ,infancy to ! #bd? ,ye> ( 8 ,age1 _h e full ,moon an ,eruption ( ,blood on ! "r side ( ! ,nail ( 8 left ,?umb1 at fir/ to #c or #d ,ounces1 & aft] 8 sixte5? ,ye>1 to half a ,p\nd ea* "t2 :i* :5 by se>+ ! "p ) a hot ,iron1 he /opp'd1 he fell into a ,sputum ,sangu9is1 & by frequ5t ,ble$+1 c4 0 v difficultly sav$ f a ,consumption4 ,! o!r#cd is a ,/ory ( an ,inn-,keep] 9 ,irel&1 :o f ! #dcrd ,ye> ( 8 ,life1 to ! #ee? 79 :i* x kill$ him7 suff]$ a ,p]iodical ,evacuation at ! po9t ( ! ,=e-,f+] ( 8 ,"r-h&2 & al?o ! ,fits "h kept n _! returns s c]ta9 z 9 ! =em5tion$ ,case1 7x may be ei!r f ! irregul> way ( liv+ ( ! ,pati5t1 or ! mighty *ange e ,effusion made 9 8 habit ( ,body1 ! quantity seldom am\nt+ to less ?an f\r ,p\nds at a "t7 yet !re is ?is rem>kable ,circum/ance 9 ! ,relation1 t ! fir/ beg9n+ ( ?is ,hmorrhage 0 at ,ea/]1 t is1 ! next ,full ,moon aft] ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 :i* is "o ( ! two ,seasons ( ! ,ye>1 at :i* we h prov$ ! attraction ( ! ,air1 or less5+ ( its ,pressure1 to be great] ?an at any o!r "t :atsoev]4 ,b we are besides ?is to consid]1 ,t ! ,/atic ,*air1 & nice ,obs]vation taught ,sanctorius1#ce ,t ,m5 d increase a ,p\nd or two 9 _! weight e ,mon?1 :i* ov]plus is dis*>g$ at ! ,mon?s end1 by a ,crisis ( copi\s1 or ?ick turbid ,ur9e4 ,x is n !re=e at all /range t we %\ld once a ,mon? be liable to ! returns ( su* ,di/emp]s z dep5d ^u a ,fullness ( ! ,vessels1 t ^! %\ld take place at ^? times especially1 :5 ! ambi5t ,air is lea/ able to repress ! ,turg5cy2 & t ?o' ,new & ,full ,moon are bo? ( equal ,=ce1 yet t sometimes "o1 & sometimes ! o!r only %\ld ,influ5ce ! ,p]iods1 accord+ z ?is or t happ5s to fall 9 ) ! inw>d ,repletion4 ,! ,afflux ( ,hum\rs to ,ulc]s is sometimes manife/ly alt]$ by ?is ,p[]2 #cf ,baglivi 0 acqua9t$ ) a ,le>n$ ,"y ,man at ,rome1 :o lab\r'd "u a ,fi/ula 9 ! ,abdom51 p5etrat+ to ! ,colon1 :i* dis*>g$ s pl5tifully 9 ! ,increase1 & s sp>+ly 9 ! ,decrease ( ! ,moon1 t he c\ld make a v true judgm5t ( ! ,p]iods & ,quadratures ( ! ,planet1 f ! diff]5t quantity ( ! ,matt] t came f ,him4 ,nephritic ,p>oxysms h frequ5tly be5 obs]v$ to obey ! ,lun> ,attraction3 ,tulpius#cg relates ! ,case ( ,mr4 ,a9swor?1 an ,engli% ,m9i/] at ,am/]dam1 :o _h a ,fit ( ! ,gravel & suppression ( ,ur9e e ,full ,moon1 ( :i* he f\nd no relief till ! ,moon decreas$1 unless by ,ble$+ at ! ,arm4 ,aft] 8 dea? two l>ge ,/ones 7 tak5 out ( 8 ,bladd]1 & ! ,pelvis ( ! left ,kidney 0 enl>g$ to t degree by ! quantity ( ,ur9e s (t5 /opt !re1 z to conta9 almo/ z mu* z ! ,bladd] x self4 ,i 0 pres5t1 n long s9ce1 at ! ,dissection ( a ,*ild ab\t #e or #f ,ye> old1 :o dy$ ( ! frequ5t returns ( ,nephritic ,fits1 att5d$ ) ,vomit+s & a ,di>rha4 ,! ,kidneys & ,uret]s 7 q /uff$ ) a slimy calcul\s ,matt]1 & x 0 v in/ructive to see ! diff]5t degrees ( ,concretion 9 ! sev]al p>ts ( x1 f a cle> limpid ,wat]1 to a h>d friable ,sub/ance4 ,dr4 ,gro5velt1 :o _h t5d$ ! ,boy 9 8 ,illness1 obs]v$ him to be seiz$ ) 8 ,pa9s at e ,full ,moon = sev]al ,mon?s toge!r1 :i* g5]ally end$ ) ! void+ ( a ,/one4 ,:at ,influ5ce ! ,moon has 9 ,a/hma's1#ch van ,helmont takes ,notice1 ,exac]batur ,p>oxysmus 7says he7 ,lun ,/ationibus1 vi tempe/atibus quas ideo prs5tit prsagit4#ci ,& ,sir ,john ,floy]1 :o has giv5 u a m p>ticul> ,hi/ory ( ?is ,disease ?an any ,au?or1 obs]ves1 t ,! ,fits usually return once 9 a ,=tnight1 & frequ5tly happ5 ne> ! ,*ange ( ! ,moon4 ',tis a m uncommon ,effect ( ?is ,attractive ,p[] t is relat$ by ! ,le>n$ ,k]ckr+ius4#dj ,he knew a ,"y ,g5tlewoman1 ^: ,beauty dep5d$ ^u ! ,lun> ,=ce1 insomu* t at ,full ,moon %e 0 ,plump & v ,h&some1 b 9 ! decrease ( ! ,planet s ,wan & ill ,fav\r$1 t %e 0 a%am'd to g abroad till ! return ( ! ,new ,moon gave ,fullness to h] ,face1 & ,attraction to h] ,*>ms4 ,?o' ?is is inde$ no m ?an an ,influ5ce ( ! same k9d1 ) t ! ,moon has always be5 obs]v$ to h ^u ,%ell-,fi%1 & "s o!r liv+ ,creatures4 ,= z ! old ,lat9 ,poet ,lucilius says1#da ,luna alit ,o/rea implet ,e*9os1 ,muribu' fibras ,et ,pecui addit---- ---- ---- ,& aft] him ,manilius#db ,sic subm]sa fretris con*>um ,c>c]e clausa1 ,ad ,lun motum v>iant animalia corpus4 ,x is v well wor? ! pa9s to enquire :at %>e su* an ,alt]ation 9 ! ,weight & ,pressure ( ! ,atmosph]e may h 9 ! ,crises or ,*anges ( ,acute ,diseases4 ,! ,anci5ts made great ,acc\nt ( ,critical ,days1 & regulat$ _! ,practice accord+ to ! ,expectation !y _h f !m2 ,?is ,"p ( ,physick is gr[n n[ into disuse1 q slight$1 & ev5 ridicul$2 & t ,i suppose *iefly = ^! two reasons4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 because ! e>lie/ ,obs]vations ( ?is k9d1 :i* 7 drawn into ,rules be+ made 9 ,ea/]n ,c\ntries1 :5 ^! came to be appli$ to ! ,di/emp]s ( ,nor!rn ,regions1 )\t all[ance giv5 = ! diff]5ce ( ! ,climate1 !y 7 (t5times f\nd n to answ]4 ,& secondly1 ,fev]s ( old 7 treat$ ) few or no ,m$ic9es1 ! ,motions ( ,nature 7 c>efully wat*$1 & no ,viol5ce (f]'d to int]rupt h] ,"w4 ,! ,hi/ories !re=e ( ,crises1 ?o' ( great ,use1 & c]ta9ty "u su* ,managem5t z ?is1 7 at l5g? unavoidably set aside & lo/2 :5 ,acute ,cases came to be ,cur$1 accord+ to ?is or t ,hypo!sis1 n only by ,evacuations1 b hot or cold ,alt]atives too2 !re be+ no long] any room = ^? ,laws ( ,practice :i* suppos$ a regul> & uni=m ,progress ( ! ,di/emp]4 ,:]e=e1 9 ord] to und]/& a little bo? :at might ,induce ! fir/ ,ma/]s ( our ,pr(ession to s nice & /rict an ,obs]vance 9 ?is po9t2 & :at gr\nds !re may be n[1 = a m due reg>d to _! ,precepts1 ev5 ^u ! score ( ! ,lun> ,attraction only1 ,i propose ! foll[+ ,rem>ks4 #a4 ,all ,epidemic ,diseases d 9 _! regul> c\rse require a /at$ "t1 9 :i* !y come to _! height1 decl9e1 & leave ! ,body free4 ,?is is s con/ant & c]ta91 t :5 a ,fev] ( any ,con/itution :i* is cont9ual 9 "o ,subject1 happ5s f "s o!r cause1 9 ano!r to be int]mitt+1 ! ,p>oxysms d always return s (t5 z all toge!r to make up j z _m days ( ,illness z he suff]s1 ^: ,di/emp] goes on f beg9n+ to end1 )\t any abatem5t4 ,dr4 ,syd5ham1 a sworn ,enemy to all ,!ories1 le>n'd ?us mu* f d[nright ,obs]vation2 & gives ?is reason :y ,autumnal ,qu>tans hold six ,mon?s1 because by computation ! ,fits ( s long a "t am\nt to #ccf h\rs1 or #ad days1 ! p]iod ( a cont9ual ,fev] ( ! same ,season4#dc ,s ,gal5 takes notice t :5 an ,exquisite ,t]tian is t]m9at$ 9 sev5 ,p>oxysms1 a true ,cont9ual at ! same "t has its ,crisis 9 sev5 days2 t is1 ! ,fev] la/s z long 9 "o z 9 ! o!r1 9 z mu* 7says he7 z a ,fit 9 an ,int]mitt+ ,feav] answ]s to a day 9 a ,cont9ual#dd4 ,n[ ?is s comes to pass1 because #b4 ,9 ^! ,cases !re is always a ,f]m5tation 9 ! ,blood1 :i* goes n (f till ! active ,p>ticles are ?r[n out by ^? ,organs ( ,secretion1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,laws ( ,motion1 are mo/ fitt$ to sep>ate 'em4 ,& #c4 ,z diff]5t ,liquors put ^u a ,f]m5t1 are depurat$ 9 diff]5t times1 s ! ,art]ial ,fluid takes up a det]m9$ ,p]iod1 ( :i* x is dis*>g$ ( an induc$ ,eff]vesc5ce4 #d4 ,! ,symptoms1 dur+ ?is ,ebullition1 d n proce$ all along 9 ! same ,t5\r2 b on "s days p>ticul>ly1 !y give su* evid5t ,m>ks ( _! good or bad ,quality1 t ! nature ( ! ensu+ ,solution may v well be guess'd at1 & =etold by 'em4 ,?+s be+ ?us1 ,^? days on :i* ! ,disease 0 s evid5tly t]m9at$ "o way or o!r1 might v ju/ly be call'd ! days ( ,crisis2 & ^? ^u :i* ! t5d5cy ( ,illness 0 discov]$ by mo/ visible ,tok5s1 ! ,indices ( ! ,critical ,days4 ,& ?us f> ! ,f\ndation 0 good1 b :5 a false ,!ory happ5'd unluckily to be jo9$ to true ,obs]vations1 ?is did a little puzzle ! ,cause4 ,hippocrates1 x is pla91 knew n to :at to ascribe t rem>kable regul>ity ) :i* he saw ! ,p]iods ( ,feav]s 7 end$ on ! ,sev5?1 ,f\rte5?1 ,"o & ,tw5tie? day1 c4 ,py?agoras 8 ,philosophy 0 9 ^? ,ages v ,fam\s1 ( :i* ,h>mony & ! ,my/]ies ( ,numb]s made a consid]able "p1 ,odd 7 m ,p[]ful ?an ,ev51 & ,sev5 0 ! mo/ p]fect ( all4 ,our great ,physician esp\s$ ^! ,notions1#de & conf9$ ! ,/ages ( acute ,di/emp]s to a ,sept5>y ,progression#df1 ^u :i* ?is ,inconv5i5ce foll['d1 t :5 a ,crisis fell out a day soon] or lat] ?an ?is ,computation requir$1 8 ,measures 7 q brok52 & t ?is mu/ necess>ily (t5times happ51 w appe> by & by4 ,^u ?is score ,asclepiades reject$ ?is :ole ,doctr9e z va91#dg & ,celsus f9d+ x to be too nice & scrupul\s1 obs]ves t ! ,py?agorean ,numb]s l$ ! ,anci5ts into ! ,error4#dh ,gal5 be+ aw>e ( ?is1 succe$$ mu* bett] 9 8 reason+ ^u ! ,matt]1 & v happily imput$ ! ,critical ,*anges n to ! ,p[] ( ,numb]s1 b to ! ,influ5ce ( ! ,moon2 :i* he obs]ves1 has a mighty ,action ^u our ,e>?1 exce$+ ! o!r ,planets1 n 9 ,en]gy1 b 9 ,ne>ness#di4 ,s t accord+ to him1 ! ,sept5>y ,p]iods 9 ,diseases are ow+ to ! ,qu>t]ly ,lun> ,phases1 :i* are ! times ( ! greate/ ,=ce1 & :i* return 9 ab\t sev5 days4#ej ,! result ( ! :ole ,affair1 9 %ort is ?is1 ,a ,crisis is no m ?an ! ,expulsion ( ! ,morbific ,matt] out ( ! ,body1 ?ro' "s or o!r ( ! ,secretory ,organs2 9 ord] to :i*1 x is necess>y t ?is %\ld be prep>'d & comm9ut$ to su* a degree1 z is requir$ to make x pass into ! ,orifices ( ! respective ,gl&s2 & !re=e z ! mo/ p]fect ,crisis is by ,sweat1 7bo? by reason t ! ,subcutane\s ,gl&s d naturally dis*>ge m ?an all ! o!r put toge!r1 & also t _! ,ducts be+ ! smalle/ ( any1 :atsoev] comes ?is way is c]ta9ly w]y well divid$ & brok57 s ! mo/ imp]fect is an ,hmorrhage1 because ,?is is an ,argum5t t :at ,(f5ds is n fit to be ca/ (f 9 any ,"p1 & consequ5tly breaks ! ,vessels by ! ,eff]vesc5ce ( ! ,blood4 ,an ,abscess 9 ^? ,organs :i* sep>ate ?ick1 slimy ,juices is ( a middle nature betwixt ^! two4 ,n[ x is v pla91 ,t if ! "t1 9 :i* ei!r ! ,peccant ,hum\r is prep>'d = ,secretion1 or ! ,f]m5tation ( ! ,blood is come to its height1 falls 9 ) ^? ,*anges 9 ! ,atmosph]e :i* dim9i% its pressure2 ! ,crisis w !n be m compleat & l>ge4 ,& also1 t ?is ,"w may be =w>d$ or delay'd a day1 ^u ! acc\nt ( su* an ,alt]ation 9 ! ,air2 ! ,di/5tion ( ! ,vessels ^u :i* x dep5ds1 be+ h]eby made m easie1 & a weak ,habit ( ,body 9 "s ,cases /&+ 9 ne$ ( ?is outw>d ,assi/ance4 ,?us a ,fev] :i* requires ab\t a ,week to its ,p]iod1 may sometimes1 z ,hippocrates obs]v$1 h a good ,crisis on ! six?1 & sometimes n till ! eigh? day4 ,9 ,ord] !re=e to make true ,obs]vations ( ?is k9d1 ! "t ( ,invasion is to be consid]$1 ,! g5u9e c\rse ( ! ,di/emp] mu/ fir/ be wat*$1 :i* is n to be int]rupt$ by any viol5t ,me?ods3 ,! /r5g? ( ,nature 9 ! ,pati5t is to be consid]$1 & by :at ,secretions ! ,crisis is mo/ likely to be p]=m$2 & x w !n be f\nd1 t n only ! ,new & ,full ,moons1 b ev5 ! ,s\?+s1 :e!r visible or lat5t1 ( ! ,planet1 are "h ( consid]able ,mom5t4 ,= ,confirmation ( :i*1 we ne$ only to reflect on :at ,mr4 ,pas*al has rem>k'd1 conc]n+ ! ,motions ( ,diseases & ,bir?s & ,dea?s#ea4 ,divid+ ! into ,f\r ,s5>ies ( ,h\rs1 ! fir/ consi/s ( ?ree h\rs be=e ! ,s\?+ ( ! ,moon1 & ?ree aft]2 ! second ( ! six h\rs foll[+1 & ! ?ird & f\r? ( ! rema9+ ,qu>t]s ( ! natural day2 ,he takes notice t none are born1 or die a natural ,dea? 9 ! fir/ & ?ird ,s5>ies1 :i* he calls fir/ & second ,tides1 b all ei!r 9 ! second or f\r? ,s5>ies1 :i* he calls fir/ & second ,ebbs4 ,9 l mann]1 t 9 ,agues1 ! tumult ( ! ,fits g5]ally la/s all ! ,tid+ "t1 & !n goes (f 9 k9dly ,sweats 9 ! ,ebbs4 ,f :5ce he v rationally concludes1 t ,motion1 ,vig\r1 ,action1 ,/r5g?1 c4 appe> mo/1 & d be/ 9 ! ,tid+ ,s5>ies2 & t ,re/1 ,relaxation1 ,decay1 ,dissolution1 c4 belong to ! ,ebb+ ,s5>ies4 #be 4 ,de ,dieb4 ,critic4 lib4 #c4 #bf ,alex&4 ,trallian4 lib4 #a4 c4 #ae4 #bg ,mat?4 c4 #ag4 v4 #ae4 #bh ,apuleius de ,virtutib4 ,h]b>4 cap4 #f4 #ie4 #bi ,anatom4 ,c5tur4 #b4 ,h4 #gb4 #cj ,obs]v4 ,m$4 lib4 #a4 cap4 #ab4 #ca ,de ,morb4 s]os ,colluvie1 ,obs4 #bh4 #cb ,de ,a]e ,aquis ,locis4 #cc ,n #bgb4 #cd ,philos4 ,trans4 ,n #aga4 #ce ,m$ic94 ,/atic4 ,sect4 #a4 ,aph4 #fe4 #cf ,de ,exp]im5t4 circa ,sangu94 p4 m4 #cda4 #cg ,obs]vat4 ,lib4 #b4 c4 #dc4 vid4 etiam ,obs]v4 #eb4 #ch ,a/hma ,tuss4 #bb4 #ci ,treatise ( ! ,a/hma1 p4 #ag4 #dj ,obs]vat4 ,anatomic4 #ib4 #da ,apud ,a4 ,gellium1 lib4 #bj4 c4 #h4 #db ,a/ronomic4 lib4 #b4 #dc ,de ,feb]4 ,int]mit4 ,ann4 #affa4 pag4 m4 #fe4 #dd ,comm5t4 9 ,aphor4 #ei4 lib4 #d4 de ,crisib4 lib4 #b4 c4 #f4 #de ,epidem4 lib4 #a4 ,sect4 #c4 #df 1 1 4 de ,septime/ri ,p>tu4 #dg ,vid4 ,celsum lib4 #c4 c4 #d4 #dh ,ibid4 #di ,de diebus ,decretor4 lib4 #c4 #ej ,ibid4 #ea ,philos4 ,transact4 ,n #bjb4 ,a ,,coroll>y4 ,x hav+ b9 expla9$ 9 ! ,beg9n+ ( ?is ,disc\rse1 h[ ^? ,influ5ces ( ! ,heav5s1 :i* fav\r ! ,returns ( ,diseases1 may likewise raise ,w9ds at ! same times2 & t ,we feel ! diff]5t ,effects ( ,^! accord+ z o!r ,causes d concurr to ! ,motion ( ! ,air2 x w n be amiss1 to %ew 9 "o ,in/ance or two1 h[ mu* ,natural ,hi/ory confirms ?is ,reason+4 ,!re happ5$ on ! #bf? ( ,novemb]1 #agjc4 a little be=e ,midnight1 a mo/ t]rible ,/orm ( ,w9d1 ! ,fury ( x is /ill fre% 9 e ones ,m9d1 :i* la/$ above six ,h\rs4 ,x is n to ! pres5t purpose to relate its ,hi/ory & ,causes2 ,:at we obs]ve is1 ,t ! ,moon 0 at t "t 9 ,p]igo1 & j ^u ! *ange to ,new4 ,^u bo? :i* acc\nts its ,action 9 rais+ ! ,atmosph]e mu/ be great2 ,& h5ce inde$ ! ,tides :i* foll[$ 7 also v great1 & ! ,m]cury 9 ! ,b>omet]1 at lea/1 9 mo/ places1 fell v l[4 ,?is ,influ5ce 01 )\t all d\bt1 assi/$ by "s su* o!r ,causes ( ,w9ds1 z we h m5tion$2 ,^! we c't "k1 b may h[ev] take notice h[ mu* ! manife/ ,/ate ( ! ,air contribut$ to ?is ,calamity4 ,aft] a great] quantity ( ,ra9s ?an ord9>y _h fall5 9 ! ,summ] & ,autumn1 9 ^? places :]e ! ,/orm 0 felt1 ! ,w9t] came on mu* w>m] ?an usual2 s t ! ,liquor 9 a ,!rmomet]1 ( :i* ! #hd? ,degree notes ,fro/1 nev] fell bel[ ! #ajj?4#eb ,h5ce we may v well believe1 t ! ,atmosph]e 0 at t "t fill'd ) ,atoms ( ,salts & ,sulphur1 out ( ! ,vap\rs rais$ by ! ,heat f ! moi/ ,e>?1 :i* be+ v>i\sly comb9$ & agitat$1 gave t deadly =ce to ! ,motion ( ! ,air4 ,a ,pro( ( ?is we h n only f ! frequ5t ,fla%es ( ,lightn+1 obs]v$ a little be=e ! ,/orm1 b also f :at ! ,c\ntry ,p took notice ( ! next day1 t ! ,grass & ,twiggs ( ! ,trees1 9 ,fields remote f ! ,sea1 ta/$ v salt1 s t ! ,cattle w\'d n fe$ on !m4 ,our ,hi/ories m5tion ano!r ,/orm1 :i* if n equal to ?is la/ 9 ,viol5ce1 is h[ev] ?\ght ! greate/ t _h !n ev] be5 kn[n & memorable f ! "t at :i* x happ5$1 viz4 on ! #c;d ( ,septemb]1 #afeh4 ! day on :i* ! ,usurp] ,o4 ,cromwel di$4 ,no ,ephem]ides t ,i "k ( relate ! ,condition ( ! ,air t ,ye>1 b x is suffici5t to rem>k1 ,t :atev] o!r ,causes concurr'd1 _! =ce 0 accompani$ ) a ,full ,moon1 j be=e ! "t ( ! ,atumnal ,equ9ox4 ,^u ! same score x comes to pass1 ,t 9 ^? ,c\ntries :i* are ,subject to frequ5t ,inundations1 ^! ,calamities are obs]v$ to happ5 at ! times ( ! ,moon's greate/ ,influ5ce1 s t ! ,le>n$ ,baccius#ec has rightly en\gh laid ! ,cause ( su* ,mis*iefs ^u immod]ate ,tides ( ! ,ocean1 be+ unhappily accompani$ ) ! attractive ,=ce ( "s or o!r ,/>s4 ,dr4 ,*ildrey 9 8 ,britannia ,baconica#ed has f sev]al ,in/ances %ewn ! ,lun> ,action 9 ,damages ( ?is k9d4 ,su* & ! l ,natural ,causes h ,/orms & ,tempe/s2 = z to ! ,"q ( ,div9e ,p[]1 :e!r or no ,calamities ( ?is k9d d n sometimes1 by ! ,ang] ( ,heav51 happ5 out ( ! ,c\rse ( ,nature1 x is n my ,bus9ess to ,dispute1 nor w\ld ,i by any means indeav\r to absolve ,m5s ,m9ds f ! ,b&s ( ,religion4 ,= al?\gh we mu/ all[ all ! ,p>ts ( ! ,ma*9e ( ?is ,_w to be fram$ & mov$ by ,e/abli%$ ,laws1 & t ! same ,disposition ( its ,fabrick1 :i* is mo/ b5eficial to ! ,:ole1 mu/ ( necessity1 9 "s few ,places n[ & !n occasion ,hurts & ,mis*iefs2 x is h[ev] mo/ highly reasonable1 t we %\ld yield to ! ,supreme ,creator an absolute ,p[] ov] all 8 ,works2 ,conclud+ )al1 t x 0 p]haps agreeable to ,div9e ,wisdom1 to ord] ! ,make ( ! ,_w aft] su* a mann] z might sometimes br+ ,mis*iefs & ,calamities ^u ,mank9d1 :om x 0 necess>y by ! ,frights ( ,/orms1 ,?und] & ,lightn+ to keep 9 a cont9ual ,s5ce ( _! ,duty4 #eb ,vid4 ,philos4 ,transact4 ,n #bhi4 #ec ,del ,tev]e1 lib4 #c4 p4 #bbh4 #ed ,pag4 #ig4 ,! ,end4