,,protection ,,f ,,fire ,,& ,,?ieves ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,spottiswoode ,,& ,,co41 ,,new-,,/reet ,,squ>e ,,& ,,p>liam5t ,,/reet ,illu/ration3 ,,fire-,,escape ,,& ,,/eam ,,fire-,,eng9e ,,9 ,,action 7,f a draw+ suppli$ by ! ,royal ,society = ! ,protection ( ,life f ,fire7 ,frontispiece ,,protection ,,f ,,fire ,,& ,,?ieves ,,includ+ ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,locks1 ,,safes1 ,,/rong-,,rooms1 ,,& ,,firepro( ,,build+s2 ,,burgl>y1 ,,& ,,! ,,means ,,( ,,prev5t+ ,,x2 ,,fire1 ,,its ,,detection1 ,,prev5tion1 ,,& ,,ext9ction2 ,,etc4 ,,also ,a ,,complete ,,li/ ,,( ,,pat5ts ,,= ,,locks ,,& ,,safes ,,by ,,george ,,hayt] ,,*ubb ,,assoc4 ,,in/4 ,c4,e4 ,,cav5do ,,tutus ,,london ,,longmans1 ,,gre51 ,,& ,,co4 #ahge ,all rights res]v$4 ,,to ,,! ,,"r ,,hon\rable ,,"l ,,h5ry ,,george ,,*>les ,,gordon ,,l5nox1 ,m4,p4 ,,fir/ ,,commission] ,,( ,,works2 ,,?is ,,volume ,,is1 ,,by ,,k9d ,,p]mission1 ,respectfully ,inscrib$4 ,,preface4 ,a small book1 embrac+ su* subjects z h]e9 treat$ (1 is necess>ily some:at disconnect$ 9 its "*4 ,9 endeav\r+ to be /rictly practical1 ,i fe> ,i h made "s portions ( ! book un9t]e/+ to ! g5]al read]2 if s1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t my *ief aim has be5 to place c]ta9 facts be=e pr(essional & bus9ess m51 at ! same "t introduc+ matt] t may be useful to ev]yone4 ,i h to (f] my be/ ?anks to ,colonel ,fras]1 ,colonel ,h5d]son1 ,capta9 ,%aw1 & o!r ,g5tlem51 :o h af=d$ me valuable help4 ,if ! importance ( protect+ life & prop]ty becomes 9 ! lea/ degree bett] und]/ood & appreciat$1 ,i %all feel amply repaid = ! "t & tr\ble incurr$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! book4 #eg ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,*ur*y>d1 ,,london3 ,janu>y #ahge4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,locks1 ,,keys1 ,,etc4 ,,page ,introduction--,locks1 anci5t & mod]n--,copy+ keys--,ornam5tal keys--,break+ op5 padlocks--,*ubb's detector lock--,sets ( locks--,elem5ts ( a good lock--,common locks #a ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,burgl>y4 ,plann+ burgl>ies--,bank robb]y--,! ,cornhill burgl>y ( #ahfe--,provid+ fit receptacles = valuables--,false keys--,insecure premises--,modes ( h\se-robb]ies1 & means ( prev5tion--,burgl>s' tools--,/ati/ics--,police notice--,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway robb]y--,jewel robb]ies--,notice by ,colonel ,fras] #aj ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,safes ,,aga9/ ,,?ieves4 ,pat5ts = safes--,safes by ,miln]1 ,tann1 ,hobbs1 & ,*atwood--,*ubb's diagonal & new pat5t safes--,w$g+ op5 safes--,drill+1 & mode ( protection--,o!r me?ods = op5+ safes--,! safe cu/ody ( keys--,am\nt ( space requir$ = bullion #cj ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,safes ,,aga9/ ,,fire4 ,! heat to be resi/$--,?ree qualities necess>y--,refractory & evaporat+ sy/ems--,be/ mat]ials to use = firepro(+--,public te/s--,d\ble enclosure = p>*m5ts--,safes once 9 fire to be re-pro($--,effects ( ,pante*nicon fire on safes--,fr5* safes--,gunp[d] safes #dd ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,second-,,h& ,,safes1 ,,etc4 ,real & %am second-h& safes--,app>5t & actual /r5g?--,g>d5-turf = firepro(+--,bolts & locks unsuitable--,pat5tees' names illegally us$--,directions = pur*as+ safes--,weights ( good safes--,wor?lessness ( gu>antees #ea ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,/rong-,,rooms4 ,plann+ a /rong-room--,its position--,dampness & v5tilation--,robb]ies by excavat+ ?r\gh floor--,floor1 walls1 & ro(--,entrance--,light+--,fix+ ! door--,fitt+s--,design & e/imate--,/rong-room 9 a ,london bank--,mc,neill's float+ /rong-room--,bullion on bo>d %ips #eg ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,firepro( ,,build+s--,,g5]al ,,con/ruction4 ,firepro( build+s = bus9ess purposes--,mr4 ,braidwood's op9ion on w>eh\se con/ruction--,use & /r5g? ( iron--,iron supports = h\se-fronts--,wood po/s v]sus iron columns--,capta9 ,%aw's exp]im5ts--,d5nett's column--,dang] f faulty build+--,/one & concrete z firepro( mat]ials--,iron gird]s--,/airs & doorways--,dang] f w9d[s--,iron sa%es & %utt]s--,ro(s & ceil+s--,brick ! be/ mat]ial #gj ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,firepro( ,,build+s--,,pat5t ,,sy/ems ,,( ,,con/ruction4 ,names ( pat5tees--,d5nett's con/ruction--,pat5t concrete--,mode ( con/ruct+ ar*es = floors1 ceil+s1 & ro(s--,vaults & domes--,/4 ,?omas's ,hospital--,co/ ( ar*+--,insecurity ( ! ,bodleian ,libr>y--,p>liam5t>y report on ,briti% ,museum1 ,national ,gall]y1 etc4--,ext+ui%+ fire at ,s\? ,k5s+ton--,wat]-supply 9 public build+s--,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral--,p>is fires dur+ ! ,commune #he ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,fire ,,& ,,its ,,dang]s4 ,loss f fire prev5tible--,(ficial enquiries into fires--,rapid increase & /ati/ics ( fires--,causes ( ,london fires 9 #ahgc--,t91 lead1 etc4 combu/ible--,wat*+ build+s--,sweep+ *imneys--,precautions aga9/ fire--,detection ( fire--,dang] to life--,! smoke respirator--,escape f a burn+ h\se--,fire-escapes--,directions = sav+ & re/or+ life--,curi\s in/ances ( fires #ih ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,ext9ction ,,( ,,fire4 ,two me?ods ( fire-ext9ction1 me*anical & *emical--,s9clair's fire-ext]m9ator--,h& fire-eng9es--,/eam fire-eng9es--,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason's eng9es--,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r & ,son's eng9es--,boil]s ( /eam fire-eng9es--,wat]-supply at fires--,p>ticul>s ( ,london ,fire ,brigade--,fires at c\ntry h\ses--,de/ruction ( mills #aah ,,app5dix4 ,,designs ,,& ,,description ,,( ,a ,,firepro( ,,w>eh\se #acg ,,complete ,,li/s ,,( ,,pat5ts ,,= ,,locks ,,& ,,safes #adb ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,fire-,escape & ,/eam ,fire-,eng9e 9 action ,frontispiece ,,page ,ma/]-,key ( ,dubl9 ,exhibition1 #ahfe #d ,ornam5tal ,key-h&les #f ,ornam5tal ,key #i ,hopk9son's ,pat5t ,w9d[-,fa/5] #ag ,*ubb's ,pat5t ,diagonal ,safe2 action ( bolts #cc 0 0 0 corn] section #cd ,*ubb's ,new ,pat5t ,safe1 #ahgd1 corn] section #ce 0 0 0 elevation fac+ #cf ,*ubb's ,pat5t ,drill-,prev5tive2 hole made by cutt] #ch 0 0 0 cutt] us$ = d #ci 0 0 0 sy/em z appli$ #ci 0 0 0 cutt] de/roy$ by #dj ,rew>d ,label = recov]y ( ,lo/ ,keys #db ,*ubb's ,gunp[d]-pro( ,lock = ,safes #ec ,/rong-,room ,doors1 me?od ( fix+ #fa ,/rong-,room1 plan ( #fd 0 section ( #fe ,d5nett's ,firepro( ,con/ruction2 treatm5t ( columns #gi 0 0 0 sections ( ar*es #hf1 #hg1 #hh 0 0 0 section ( vault$ ro( #ij ,smoke ,respirator #ajh ,s9clair's ,fire-,ext]m9ator #aai ,m]rywea!r's ,/eam ,fire-,eng9e #abd 0 0 0 sections ( boil] #abe ,%&1 ,mason ,co4's ,/eam ,fire-,eng9e #abg 0 0 0 sections ( boil] #abh1 #abi ,firepro( ,w>eh\se1 plan & section fac+ #ach1 #aci ,,protection ,,f ,,fire ,,& ,,?ieves4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,locks1 ,,keys1 ,,etc4 ,:5 x is kn[n t ca% & securities to ! value ( upw>ds ( six millions are almo/ con/antly kept 9 ! /rong-room ( "o only ( ! ,london banks1 x w be und]/ood t ! safe cu/ody ( valuables is a subject ( v great importance4 ,un=tunately x is a matt] t has hi!rto be5 greatly neglect$ by ! g5]al public & pr(essional m52 & ! ignorance on ! "p ( ! majority ( p z to :at is real security1 has giv5 rise to ?is attempt to place a few facts toge!r t w be ( g5]al use4 ,! incid5ts relat+ to fires1 burgl>ies1 c4 are ga!r$ f au!ntic s\rces1 & f private records t h be5 compil$ dur+ _m ye>s4 ,al?\gh be=e ! la/ t5 ye>s !re 7 b few p]sons :o employ$ _! skill to foil ! increas+ attempts ( safe-break]s1 ! subject ( locks _h long be5 ?or\ghly consid]$4 ,! great int]e/ tak5 9 ! lock controv]sy at ! "t ( ! ,exhibition ( #ahea %[$ t !re 7 _m p]sons n indiff]5t to ! ef=ts !n made to improve ! quality ( locks2 b x 0 n until ! great burgl>y at ,cornhill1 9 #ahfe1 t safe-mak+ 0 fairly inve/igat$ by ! public4 ,suffici5t pro( ( ?is is t 9 ! sixty-f\r ye>s prec$+ #ahfe only tw5ty-eight pat5ts = safes 7 regi/]$1 :ile 9 ! n9e ye>s foll[+ !re 7 no less ?an #abb4 ,be+ myself engag$ 9 ! manufacture ( locks & safes1 ,i h1 ( c\rse1 "s k ( _! con/ruction2 & %all endeav\r to /ate facts t apply to ! "w ( e mak]1 & my op9ions =m$ by practical acqua9tance ) ?is manufacture1 & guid$ by o!rs :o h previ\sly writt5 on v>i\s bran*es ( ! subject4 ,locks h1 x is said1 be5 9 use = above f\r ?\s& ye>s 9 ,egypt2 anci5tly ^! 7 mo/ly made ( wood1 & x is a rem>kable ?+ t ! locks t h be5 9 use 9 ! ,f>oe ,isl&s = _m c5turies s closely resemble ^? f\nd 9 ,egyptian catacombs z to be sc>cely di/+ui%able f !m4 ,m mod]n1 b consid]$ n[ to be old-fa%ion$1 are ! lett] lock & w>d$ lock2 lat] /ill are ! pat5t locks ( ,b>ron1 ,bramah1 ,*ubb1 & o!rs4 ,x is n necess>y to describe ! v>iations 9 all ^!2 x may suffice to say t ! mo/ tru/wor?y are ^? ) lev]s & tumbl]s1 & protect$ 9 o!r ways f false keys & picks4 ,"o *ief po9t ( security consi/s 9 a lock be+ s unlike any o!r t no key b its own w op5 x2 & a #c 94 ,*ubb's draw] lock c h no less ?an #b1eib1jjj *anges made 9 its comb9ations4 ,mr4 ,tildesley1 9 an article publi%$ 9 #8,once a ,week1' m5tions a lock :i* _h a *ime ( bells connect$ ) x 9 su* a mann] t no soon] 0 ! skeleton-key ( an intrud] appli$ to ! lock ?an ! latt] began to *ime a pla9tive air1 su* z-- ,home1 sweet home2 ,be x ev] s humble1 ,!re's no place l home4 ,a s5tim5t 9 :i* ! h\sebreak] w\ld d\btless concur z he took 8 precipitate flight4 ,x is obvi\s t locks are only secure s long z _! keys are prop]ly tak5 c>e (4 ,?is is ( ! utmo/ importance1 = "s keys c "u fav\rable circum/ances be made m]ely f a wax impression by a clev] workman4 ,numb]s ( robb]ies take place ?r\gh keys be+ left ab\t1 & to ! lock is laid ! fault :i* ought r to be *>g$ to ! c>eless own] ( ! keys4 ,"s p expect p]fect impossibilities1 & imag9e t1 hav+ obta9$ a secure lock1 !y h done all t is necess>y4 ,no lock :atev] w gu>d aga9/ culpable neglig5ce ) reg>d to its key2 or1 z 9 ! fam\s ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway bullion robb]y1 ! trea*]y ( suppos$ tru/wor?y s]vants4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ! notori\s lock-pick] ,ag> said ! robb]y on ?is railway w\ld be impossible unless copies ( ! keys c\ld be tak54 ,by ! connivance ( a gu>d nam$ ,te/] ?is 0 accompli%$1 & yet ! duplicate keys ?us made 7 useless until ,ag> _h travell$ sev5 or eight times to ,folke/one ) ! *e/s1 alt]+ ! keys until !y fitt$4 ,s9ce #ahea _m improvem5ts h be5 made & adopt$ 9 ,*ubb's locks1 & m /ill h be5 tri$ & reject$1 z int]f]+ ) _! prop] work+4 ,complexity ( action 9 any lock w soon] or lat] inv>iably prove fatal to its success4 ,a lock is unlike a ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/]-,,key ,,( ,,! ,,dubl9 ,,int]national ,,exhibition1 #ahfe4 wat* or o!r delicate ma*9e t is treat$ ) a consid]able am\nt ( c>efulness2 x is subject to e day h>d we> & usage4 ,absolute p]fection is p]haps z unatta9able 9 locks z 9 o!r matt]s2 nev]!less ! pres5t is an age ( progress1 & a m p]fect lock may p]haps be inv5t$ "s day4 ,lock pat5ts by scores h appe>$ )9 ! la/ tw5ty-"o ye>s2 "s good1 o!rs indiff]5t or bad 9 pr9ciple1 & _m ( !m embrac+ z new ideas c]ta9 pr9ciples ( con/ruction long s9ce explod$ or laid aside4 ,( ^? practically defunct 7& !y are _m71 my op9ion ( !m is t ! +5uity ( ! inv5tors has g5]ally be5 all[$ to ov]-run _! p]ception ( ! be=e-m5tion$ fact1 viz41 t a lock is a v h>dwork$ ma*9e1 & t 9 its con/ruction simplicity is z necess>y an elem5t z security4 ,a good lock _c h a key made to x unless ano!r key is available to copy f or ! lock itself c be brok5 op54 ,( ?is latt] fact ,london burgl>s h n be5 sl[ to avail !mselves1 & !y h tri$ x 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,x %\ld fir/ be said1 = ^? n acqua9t$ ) ! mode ( secur+ w>eh\se & (fice doors at night1 :]e ! build+s are left unoccupi$1 t su* doors are usually fa/5$ ) a l>ge rim or mortise lock ( ! ord9>y k9d4 ,:5 ?is is lock$ f ! outside a small flat b>1 t is secur$ at "o end to ! door1 is put across ! keyhole to a /aple !reon1 fa/5$ by a padlock4 ,! advantage ( ?is plan is t ! inn] lock _c be t\*$1 ! keyhole be+ clos$ :ile ! out] lock is secure2 & ?is padlock be+ visible1 ! police 9 _! r\nds c tell by a glance "u ! light ( ! bull's-eye :e!r or n x has be5 int]f]$ )4 ,b !re is su* a ?+ z =c+ a padlock completely op51 ) prop] appliances2 & "s clev] burgl> wat*+ ! policeman (f 8 r\nd pa/ a w>eh\se 9 ,watl+ ,/reet1 "o night1 wr5*$ ! padlock (f & suppli$ its place by a common "o1 ! outside ( :i* 9 ! d>k resembl$ ! "o previ\sly on4 ,he !n took ! pat5t lock away1 got "o side (f1 cut out all ! works1 s t any?+ l a key w\ld at once op5 or close ! bolt1 fa/5$ ! side on z neatly z 0 possible1 took x back to ,watl+ ,/reet aga91 & wat*+ 8 opportunity took 8 own lock (f & refix$ ! empty %ell ( ! pat5t lock4 ,! purpose 9 all ?is 0 t next night he might at once op5 ! padlock1 =ce ! inn] lock1 & ent] ! place1 :ile a conf$]ate w\ld d\btless ,illu/ration3 ,,specim5s ,,( ,,ornam5tal ,,key ,,h&les1 ,,reproduc$1 ,,by ,,p]mission1 ,,f #8,,! ,,build]4' replace ! padlock z if all 7 "r4 ,! success ( ! s*eme dep5d$ *iefly ^u ! padlock or its sub/itute always be+ on :5 ! police came r\nd2 b1 =tunately = ! own] ( ! premises1 ! attempt 0 fru/rat$ by ! m]e *ance ( ! pat5t lock 7n[ )\t works & f\nd next day to op5 r /iffly7 be+ br\ght to be exam9$1 :5 ! burgl>'s attempt 0 at once discov]$4 ,fur!r revelations ( ?is trick 7 made to ! police by a convict :o di$ :ile und]go+ a long t]m ( imprisonm5t1 & aft] 8 disclosures no less ?an tw5ty-sev5 padlocks 7 f\nd 9 use 9 ! ,city ! works ( :i* _h all be5 tak5 out1 to await ! ?ieves' opportunity1 & done 9 su* a clev] mann] t only ! close/ inspection c\ld detect x4 ,two ( ! locks s]v$ ?us 7 on a jewell]'s door1 :i* %[s ! importance ( prev5t+ ?is mode ( robb]y4 ,su* a well-plann$ s*eme requir$ an improvem5t to be made 9 ! padlocks1 & !re is n[ l>gely 9 use :at is kn[n z ! #8police padlock1' a lock :i* :5 once =c$ asund] is s injur$ t x _c be repair$ )\t be+ entirely re-made1 s t if "o %\ld be tak5 (f its door by a ?ief x _c be put back aga94 ,?is is b "o ( ! numb]less in/ances t require ! att5tion & ?\ght ( ! c>eful lockmak]2 & ! o!r in/ances t w be giv5 %[ t ) respect to safes x requires yet great] skill to foil ! cunn+ ( mod]n burgl>s4 ,! :ole ( ,*ubb's locks are made by h&1 & diff] "o f ano!r4 ,! difficulty is n to make !m to diff]1 b :5 su* are ne$$ to make sev]al alike1 = a t\* ( ! file w completely alt] a lock4 ,x is s ess5tial = good locks to be totally unlike ea* o!r t we cont9ue to make by h& only1 al?\gh ! co/ is 9 consequ5ce high4 ,ma*9]y w\ld & does produce well-f9i%$ & s]viceable locks1 b ! *anges & comb9ations _c v>y z ) h&-"w4 #8,s ext5sive are ! comb9ations1#a t x w\ld be q practicable to make locks = ! doors ( all ! h\ses 9 ,london ) a di/9ct & diff]5t key to ea* lock1 & yet !re %\ld be "o ma/]-key to pass ! :ole4 ,a mo/ complete s]ies 0 con/ruct$ "s ye>s ago = ! ,we/m9/] ,bridewell1 consi/+ ( #a1ajj locks1 =m+ "o s]ies1 ) ma/]1 sub-ma/]1 & w>d]s' keys4 #8,at any "t ! ,gov]nor has ! p[] ( /opp+ out ! "u-keys2 & 9 case ( any surreptiti\s attempt be+ made to op5 a lock1 & ! detector be+ ?r[n1 none ( ! "u-keys w regulate x1 b ! ,gov]nor mu/ be made acqua9t$ ) ! circum/ance1 z he alone has ! p[]1 ) 8 key1 to replace ! lock 9 its orig9al /ate4 #8,x ne$ sc>cely be /at$1 t ,b>ron's1 ,bramah's1 ,*ubb's1 & mo/ o!r locks are adapt$ = all purposes1 f ! smalle/ cab9et to ! l>ge/ prison-doors or /rong-room4 #8,z has be5 already /at$1 v>i\s & num]\s pat5ts h be5 tak5 out4 ,+5i\s1 h[ev]1 z are "s ( ! arrangem5ts1 !y appe> to h complicat$1 r ?an simplifi$1 ! g5]al con/ruction4 #8,x is submitt$ t ! true pr9ciples ( p]fect security1 /r5g?1 simplicity1 & durability %\ld be comb9$ 9 e good lock4 #8#a/4 ,p]fect security is ! pr9cipal po9t to be att5d$ to1 z )\t x no lock c be consid]$ z answ]+ ! int5d$ purpose4 #8#bnd4 ,! works ( a lock %\ld1 9 all cases1 possess /r5g?1 & be well adapt$1 especially 9 ! l>g] ones1 to resi/ all attempts to =ce !m op52 & bo? 9 ! l>g] & ! small] k9ds ! works %\ld n be susceptible ( injury1 or d]angem5t1 f attempts ) picklocks or false keys4 #8#crd4 ,simplicity ( action is requisite1 s t any p]son hav+ ! key1 & be+ unacqua9t$ ) ! me*anism ( ! lock1 %\ld n be able to put x out ( ord]4 #8#d?4 ,! workman%ip1 mat]ials1 & int]ior arrangem5t ( a lock %\ld be s comb9$ z to ensure ! p]man5t & p]fect action ( all its p>ts1 & its durability "u all ord9>y circum/ances4' ,besides ! bett] class ( locks made 9 ,s\? ,/af=d%ire !re are really trump]y locks made 9 abundance1 & ,will5hall enjoys an un5viable celebrity = ! *eapness & wor?lessness ( its w>es4 ,!re is a famili> say+ t if a ,will5hall locksmi? happ5s to let fall a lock :ile 9 ! process ( manufacture he does n /op to pick x up1 z he c make ano!r quick]4 ,! late ,mr4 ,g4 ,b4 ,?orneycr(t1 :o once liv$ at ,will5hall1 is said to h be5 taunt$ ) ! fact t "s padlocks made !re w\ld only lock once1 b :5 told ! price ( !m 0 twop5ce ea* he repli$1 #8,x w\ld be a %ame if !y did lock twice = t money4' ,! total weekly production ( locks 9 ! :ole di/rict 0 /at$ 9 #ahff to be no less ?an #ca1ejj doz5s4 ,a v l>ge proportion ( ?is enorm\s supply goes to =eign m>kets4 ,illu/ration ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,burgl>y4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! absolute necessity ( secure locks & safe depositories = prop]ty1 especially 9 bank+ e/abli%m5ts1 x may n be out ( place j to trace ! sy/ematic c>e & great sagacity ) :i* l>ge burgl>ies are plann$4 ,an unsuccessful attempt1 :]e ! booty is ( any magnitude1 is seldom made4 ,! fir/-rate #8cracksm5' always "k be=eh& :]e to g1 :5 to g1 & :at !y are go+ =4 ,:5 a #8plant1' z x is t]m$1 is made ^u a h\se or a bank1 precise in=mation is ga9$ if possible z to ! depository ( ! valuables1 & if x is f\nd t ! safegu>ds are s /rong 9 !mselves & ! locks s invuln]able t !re is b little *ance ( success1 ! affair is quietly dropp$2 b if o!rwise1 !n no exp5diture ( "t or misappli$ +5uity is sp>$ to ga9 ! desir$ end2 ! h\se is con/antly wat*$1 & ! habits ( its inmates obs]v$1 _! ord9>y times ( go+ out & com+ 9 be+ not$4 ,possibly ! confid5tial s]vants are brib$ or cajol$1 & induc$ to leave ! premises :5 _! employ]s are abs5t1 s t impressions may be tak5 f ! locks1 & false keys be made4 ,:5 all ! keys requir$ are ready1 g5]ally "o or two m5 :o h n be5 previ\sly initiat$ are call$ 91 & receive _! in/ructions to be ready at a c]ta9 h\r on ! foll[+ day to ent] ! premises4 ,a plan is put into _! h&s2 !y are caution$ to /ep ov] a c]ta9 creak+ /air or bo>d1 & ! false keys ( ! diff]5t doors are giv5 to !m4 ,! inmates ( ! h\se be+ abs5t1 _! s]vant takes advantage ( ?is fact to fulfil a long-/&+ engagem5t ) 8 or h] new & lib]al fri5ds2 a signal is giv52 ! two conf$]ates ent]2 ! s-call$ safe is swept ( its cont5ts2 all ! doors 9 ! build+ are c>efully re-lock$1 & n until ! h\se is op5$ = bus9ess next morn+ is ! robb]y discov]$4 ,_m ye>s ago !re 0 a bank robb]y at a t[n 9 ,k5t1 effect$ z foll[s3 ,two respectable-look+ & well-behav$ m5 w5t to ! pr9cipal inn ( ! t[n & in=m$ ! l&lord _! object 0 to look out = & pur*ase a small e/ate 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,!y /opp$ !re = ne>ly ?ree mon?s1 tak+ frequ5t drives 9 _! gig1 liv$ well & paid well2 & at l5g? took leave "o m>ket-day betwe5 twelve & "o o'clock1 mu* to ! regret ( ! l&lord1 :o felt sorry to lose su* unexceptionable cu/om]s4 ,^! m5 7 ?ieves1 & at a few mom5ts pa/ "o o'clock t v day robb$ ! bank ( ne>ly #e1jjj4 ,! bank+-(fice 0 ! gr\nd-floor ( a h\se 9 ! ,m>ket ,squ>e1 & ! manag] nev] left ! ca% !re at night1 b always took x to 8 own resid5ce ne> by4 ,he 0 accu/om$1 h[ev]1 ) ! cl]k1 to be abs5t f "o till two o'clock 9 ! day at 8 d9n]1 dur+ :i* "t ! money 0 put into ! safe & ! premises lock$ up4 ,x appe>$ t all ! arrangem5ts ( ! bus9ess 7 p]fectly asc]ta9$ & und]/ood by ! two soj\rn]s at ! hotel1 & t ! necess>y impressions ( ! locks _h be5 tak5 on v>i\s nights & ! false keys made4 ,on ! day 9 "q ! gig 0 tak5 j outside ! t[n4 ,"o ( ! m5 w5t back1 & 9 mid-day unlock$ ! /reet & int]nal doors1 op5$ ! safe1 took out ! money1 & !n ! two set (f to ,london ) _! booty & got ! notes ca%$ ! same aft]noon4 ,aft] lock+ ! safe ! burgl>s slipp$ a small r+ ov] ! key-p9 ( ! lock1 s t :5 ! manag] on 8 return f d9n] tri$ to op5 x ) its prop] key1 ! key w\ld n ent]4 ,a smi? 0 s5t =1 & x 0 f\r h\rs be=e ! safe 0 op5$--too late1 ( c\rse1 = any effective pursuit4 ,a m rec5t & notable in/ance is t ( a d>+ burgl>y :i* took place at ,mr4 ,walk]'s1 ! well-kn[n jewell] ( ,cornhill1 9 #ahfe1 ! :ole facts ( :i* came to light 9 consequ5ce ( "o ( ! gang volunte]+ a confession dur+ an action aris+ out ( ! robb]y4 ,i am indebt$ to ! #8,times' newspap] = ! foll[+ p>ticul>s1 :i* d\btless are /ill fre% 9 ! memory ( "s p]sons3 ,! robb]y _h be5 elaborately s*em$1 & 0 only accompli%$ by a regul> exp$ition ( well-equipp$ ?ieves4 ,! clev]e/ ( ! gang _h tak5 ,mr4 ,walk]1 8 family1 & 8 habits "u ! close/ surveillance = sev5 weeks be=e1 night & day1 until at la/ ev]y?+ connect$ ) 8 bus9ess & 8 practice 0 ?or\ghly kn[n4 ,?is in=mation be+ complete1 a p>ty ( five ( ! robb]s repair$ to ! premises at t5 m9utes pa/ six on ! ev5+ ( ,saturday1 ,febru>y #d1 #ahfe4 ,! h\se 0 let & occupi$ 9 floors1 ,mr4 ,walk]'s %op be+ on ! gr\nd-floor1 ,sir ,c4 ,crossley's (fices imm$iately above1 & o!r (fices above ^?1 :ile bel[ ! %op 0 a room t5ant$ by a tailor4 ,! occupants1 :5 ! ?ieves arriv$1 _h n yet all left = ! night1 b ! (fices on ! second floor 7 empty1 & to ^! ?ree ( ! robb]s at once asc5d$ by means ( ! common /aircase1 & !re took up _! fir/ position1 ! o!r two rema9+ 9 ! /reet to wat* & give signals4 ,at tw5ty m9utes to eight ! signal 0 giv5 by ! conf$]ates outside ! h\se t ,mr4 ,walk]'s =eman1 :o appe>s to h be5 ! la/ on ! premises1 0 gone1 & _! op]ations comm5c$4 ,x 0 pa/ midnight be=e ! ?ree robb]s inside began _! mo/ important "w4 ,mr4 ,walk]'s %op 0 secur$ by iron doors or p>titions1 b ! ?ieves direct$ _! attack aga9/ ! floor1 :i* _h n unnaturally be5 left ) less protection4 ,!y got into ! tailor's room1 on ! l[e/ floor1 m\nt$ ^u 8 cutt+-bo>d & =c$ _! way ?r\gh ! ceil+ & floor+ to ! %op above4 ,hav+ ?us effect$ a lodgm5t aga9/ ! real po9t ( attack1 !y di/ribut$ ! duties ( ! night4 ,( ! two ?ieves /ation$ 9 ! /reet "o 0 to be on ! wat*1 le/ ,mr4 ,walk] or any ( 8 p %\ld return to ! h\se1 :ile ! o!r 0 to keep gu>d ov] ! police & give w>n+ :5ev] a con/able approa*$4 ,inside1 "o ( ! gang sat up/airs 9 ,sir ,c4 ,crossley's arm-*air1 at ! w9d[ ( ! second floor1 to notice ! s5tries 9 ! /reet1 & ! signals ( ^! m5 he communicat$ by means ( a /r+ to 8 comrades 9 ! %op4 ,"o ( ^! h&$ up su* in/rum5ts z 7 want$2 ! o!r at l5g? op5$ ! safe 7by w$g+1 z describ$ on p4 #cf72 s t at a qu>t] to f\r !y wa%$ _! h&s 9 ! (fice up/airs1 & an h\r lat] 7 miles away on ! ,guild=d road4 ,! success 9 ?is happily unique case 0 due to ! des]tion ( ! premises = six-&-?irty h\rs toge!r4 ,! m5 did n get into ! %op till "o-&-tw5ty h\rs aft] ! comm5cem5t ( _! op]ations4 ,aid$ by "t1 ! sci5ce ( ! h\sebreak]s 0 successful4 ,! police pass$ ! place e n9e m9utes1 b ) su* deeply-laid plans 7 n likely to detect ! mis*ief go+ on1 & s ! ?ieves escap$ = ?ree weeks1 :5 a "p ( ! /ol5 prop]ty 0 trac$ & ! rascals !mselves ultimately captur$4 ,caseley1 ! reput$ lead] ( ! gang1 /at$ t he _h _h a great deal ( exp]i5ce 9 op5+ safes1 & !re is no d\bt he 0 a clev] man2 b ,i believe a "p at lea/ ( 8 subsequ5t /atem5ts 7 exagg]ations1 likely to be indulg$ 9 by a man plac$ 9 8 position4 ,v few cases ( ! k9d1 h[ev]1 %[ su* det]m9ation & skill1 & ?us almo/ ! fir/ robb]y 9 :i* w$ges 7 us$ 9 safe-break+ mu/ rank z "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable ( our times4 ,:5 a l>ge am\nt ( prop]ty ( ei!r ca%1 plate1 or jewels is deposit$ 9 "o place1 x really is 9 fact (f]+ a premium to robb]s1 unless fit receptacles = su* prop]ty are provid$4 ,not)/&+ ! cunn+1 +5uity1 or viol5ce ( ! pr(essional burgl>s1 means are at h& by :i* !y may be effectually baffl$1 & all :o are int]e/$ 9 ! matt] %\ld see t _! pat5t locks or iron safes are really :at !y ought to be--imp]vi\s to fraud & =ce4 ,! axiom t #8! be/ is ! *eape/' w hold good ) locks & safes1 z ) mo/ o!r ?+s4 ,let x be rememb]$ t fir/-class "w mu/ be done by ! be/ & mo/ skilful workm51 & t to secure !m a high rate ( wages mu/ be paid4 ,mo/ ( ! h\se-robb]ies s common 9 all l>ge t[ns are effect$ ?r\gh ! common /reet-door lat*es 9 ord9>y use be+ op5$ by false keys4 ,x is a notori\s fact t ?\s&s are made ye> aft] ye>1 b :i* d n af=d ! lea/ security1 z !y are all s made t any "o key w op5 ! :ole1 & x is n until ! own] has 8 hall cle>$1 or 8 plate c>ri$ (f1 t he f9ds out t 8 app>5tly complex key is a m]e %am1 !re n be+ 9 ! lock a s+le tumbl] or w>d to correspond ) ! cuts 9 ! web ( ! key4 ,at a v l[ computation at lea/ ?ree-f\r?s ( ! h\ses 9 ,london c be ent]$ by false keys1 & x is simply ow+ to ! vigilance ( ! (t5-abus$ police t robb]ies are n m con/antly effect$4 ,! foll[+ p>ticul>s1 k9dly furni%$ me by ,colonel ,fras]1 ( ! ,city ,police1 w %[ :at facilities are plac$ )9 ! rea* ( burgl>s by c>eless h\sehold]s4 ,return ( ,premises f\nd op51 or o!rwise insecure1 by ! ,police 9 ! ,city ( ,london4 ,ye> ,numb] #ahga #b1fef #ahgb #b1deb #ahgc #b1ieg ----- ,total #h1jfe ,by us+ secure locks or lat*es on all ! out] doors ( h\ses an imm5se am\nt ( "w w\ld be sav$ to ! police1 & x is really a "q = ratepay]s to decide if common & insecure locks %\ld be all[$ to be us$ any long]4 ,:ile on ! subject ( h\se-robb]ies ,i may ref] to o!r modes ( ent]+ dwell+s1 ) :i* ! public ought to be acqua9t$ 9 ord] to be on _! gu>d4 ,admission to a h\se by ! connivance ( a di%one/ s]vant is1 ( c\rse1 sometimes obta9$ by ?ieves1 & ! only way ( prev5t+ ?is is to be c>eful :om "o employs 9 ! h\se4 ,b1 if possible1 ! ?ief w get into ! h\se unaid$ by a conf$]ate1 :o aft] all might foil 8 plans1 & 9 any ev5t w claim a "p ( ! plund]4 ,s ! h\se mu/ be c>efully wat*$1 &1 if possible1 exam9$1 9 ord] to discov] ! easie/ mode ( access4 ,frequ5tly "s coal-cell> w9d[ is f\nd to be left conv5i5tly unb>r$1 al?\gh all o!r w9d[s & doors are b>r$ & bolt$2 or p]haps all ! w9d[s h safety-fa/5]s b "o1 z 0 ! case 9 a resid5ce ne> ,london1 a %ort "t ago1 :5 ! burgl>s happ5$ 7s x 0 said7 to pit* ^u ! unprotect$ w9d[1 & ent]+ cle>$ ! room ( valuable jewell]y4 ,begg>s or hawk]s are (t5 9 ! pay ( ?ieves1 endeav\r+ to get in=mation--t may n be us$ p]haps = a long "t h5ce--& su* visitors %\ld c]ta9ly nev] be all[$ inside "o's h\se1 ?\gh _! visits are too (t5 enc\rag$ by ! weakness ( ! dome/ics4 ,n[1 x w be ask$1 :at are ! rem$ies be/ adapt$ to prev5t robb]y 9 ^! v>i\s ways8 ,fir/ly1 be c>eful to h tru/wor?y s]vants1 or all o!r precautions are unavail+4 ,secondly1 h plate-glass to all w9d[s 9 ! h\se1 = ?is _c be brok51 z common %eet-glass c1 )\t noise4 ,?irdly1 z %utt]s are really no protection at all1 & frequ5tly are n fa/5$ at night1 let all w9d[s & op5+s t c be rea*$ easily f ! gr\nd h /rong b>s built into ! /one or brickwork1 n m ?an five in*es ap>t1 :]e ?is c be done )\t disfigurem5t2 & let ! w9d[s on e upp] floor h ei!r ,hopk9son's or ,dawes's pat5t w9d[ fa/5]s1 :i* _c be op5$ f ! outside1 & are simple & /rong 9 con/ruction & *eap 9 price4 ,! engrav+ %[s ,hopk9son's fa/5]1 an extremely simple & +5i\s inv5tion4 ,! projection on ! left side1 z ! fa/5] is mov$1 comes ov] ! op5+ & w$ges fa/ any in/rum5t introduc$ f ! outside = ! purpose ( =c+ back ! cat*4 ,f\r?ly1 keep a dog1 h[ev] small1 inside ! h\se2 ?is is a wond]ful safegu>d1 & extremely dislik$ by burgl>s4 ,fif?ly1 h any numb] ( bells on %utt]s1 electric wires1 or o!r gimcracks t y please1 & place no reliance on any ( !m4 ,la/ly1 leave z little prop]ty z possible1 c]ta9ly no silv] plate or jewell]y1 ly+ ab\t1 s t if a ?ief %\ld ov]come all ob/acles to entrance1 he may n f9d mu* ready to h&4 ,illu/ration ,! sort ( robb]y ,i h allud$ to is committ$ ei!r at night or 9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+ or at ! d9n]-h\r1 :5 ! inmates are all 9 "o "p ( ! h\se4 ,!re is also t v frequ5t & too (t5 successful plan ( /eal+ coats1 c4 f a hall1 :5 "s /rang] calls ) a fictiti\s message t causes ! s]vant to leave him alone = a mom5t1 dur+ :i* he hurries (f ) ev]y?+ )9 rea* t is wor? /eal+4 ,to prev5t su* an occurr5ce pla9ly ! be/ ?+ is nev] to all[ a /rang] to wait inside "o's door4 ,a pr(essional burgl>'s tools comprise skeleton-keys1 sil5t mat*es1 a d>k lant]n1 a wax tap]1 a palette-knife us$ = op5+ w9d[s by pu%+ ! fa/5+ back2 a small cr[b>1 g5]ally made 9 two pieces to screw toge!r1 & ) "o end =k$2 a c5tre-bit1 & a c>pet-bag4 ,if ! object ( attack is a safe1 !n to ^! mu/ be add$ *isels & /eel w$ges ( diff]5t sizes1 an #8ald]man1' or l>ge cr[b>1 a #8,jack-9-!-box1' "s aqua =tis1 & sometimes gunp[d] = bl[+ op5 locks4 ,besides provid+ himself ) tools1 ! burgl> w (t5 we> a #8rev]sible1' or a coat :i* c be worn inside out1 ea* side be+ a diff]5t col\r1 s t if he happ5$ to be notic$ he w turn 8 coat 9 "s quiet corn] & become ano!r man to all outw>d appe>ances4 ,! writ] ( an able article 9 ! ,cornhill ,magaz9e ( ,janu>y #ahfc gives z a li/ ( ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* h\ses are regul>ly brok5 into1 ! foll[+3 #8,jump+ a crib1' :i* is entrance by a w9d[2 #8break+ a crib1' =c+ a back door2 #8grat+ a crib1' ?r\gh cell> grat+s2 #8g>ret+ a crib1' ?r\gh ! ro(4 ,entrance 9 ?is la/ way1 ! writ] /ates1 is sometimes clev]ly effect$ 7f ! leads ( an empty h\se adjac5t7 by means ( an umbrella4 ,fir/1 a few slates are remov$1 !n a small hole is made1 & ?r\gh ?is ap]ture a /rong spr+less umbrella is ?ru/ & %ak5 op54 ,aga9 ! ?ieves g to "w ^u ! hole 9 ! ro(1 :i* !y wid5 rapidly & ) p]fect confid5ce1 s9ce ! dbris falls noiselessly into ! umbrella hang+ b5ea?4 ,:5 9 ! h\se ! ?ieves' only c>e is to move sil5tly & to %[ little or no light4 ,:5 ! plund] is secur$ & ! conf$]ates signal t ! way is cle>1 ! burd5 is divid$1 & !y at once sep>ate1 ?\gh p]haps go+ to ! same place4 ,cabs are occasionally employ$ by ! ?ieves2 & ?\gh ! driv]s are n exactly 9 league1 yet !y mu/ "k pretty well by :om !y are be+ hir$4 ,! plund] is dispos$ ( imm$iately to #8receiv]s1' :o always drive a good b>ga91 & if !re is any plate or gold at once put x into ! melt+-pot4 ,^! receiv]s are ! curse ( l>ge t[ns1 :]e alone !y are to be f\nd4 ,x is entirely ow+ to !m t ! majority ( robb]ies are committ$1 = if ?ieves _h to run a second risk 9 dispos+ ( ! goods aft] /eal+ !m1 !y w\ld n cont9ue a di%one/ life ) ! *ances ( success !y n[ h4 ,! police are g5]ally well aw>e ( ! m5 :o ?us assi/ ! ?ieves1 b ! difficulty ( gett+ evid5ce aga9/ !m is extreme1 al?\gh occasionally a rascal is caught & sev]ely puni%$ ow+ to in=mation be+ receiv$ f "s in=m]4 ,!re are no less ?an eighty-sev5 h\ses 9 ,london kn[n to be ^? ( receiv]s ( /ol5 goods4 ,9 ,febru>y #aheh !re 7 9 ,man*e/] alone n9ety-f\r return$ transports1 & out ( ! :ole ( t numb] !re 7 n m ?an six 9 employm5t or :o _h any kn[n means ( livelihood4 ,9 view ( ?is /atem5t c x be wond]$ at t 9 ! elev5 ye>s f #aheg to #ahfg !re 7 no less ?an sev5te5 successful robb]ies effect$ 9 t city alone1 involv+ a loss ( prop]ty am\nt+ to #be1ghh1 *iefly 9 ca% & jewell]y8 ,?is loss w\ld h be5 l>gely augm5t$ _h x n be5 = ! vigilance ( ! ,man*e/] police1 :o c\ld n1 h[ev]1 possibly fru/rate e attempt made by di%one/ m5 let loose ^u society 9 l>ge numb]s by a sy/em :i* is op5 to v s]i\s objections4 ,! ,habitual ,crim9als ,act proves t ! c\ntry has at l5g? recognis$ ! fact t ! ticket-(-leave sy/em has be5 grossly abus$ by convict$ p]sons1 & t to protect life & prop]ty effectually x is necess>y to give ! police m p[] ( sup]vision ov] suspect$ *>act]s4 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? n acqua9t$ ) ?is ,act1 ,i may /ate t its mo/ important provision is to give a ,judge p[] to include 9 ! s5t5ce ( a p]son1 :o has be5 previ\sly convict$1 a c]ta9 t]m ( police sup]vision1 to take effect aft] release f prison2 & dur+ ?is t]m ! p]son may be call$ ^u at any "t to prove t he or %e is ga9+ an hone/ livelihood--! burd5 ( ! pro( re/+ ) ! suspect$ p]son1 in/ead ( ! police be+ requir$ to prove di%one/y4 ,a man :o commits a great robb]y is n "o :o up to t mom5t 0 hone/ & indu/ri\s2 x is mo/ probable t he has be5 an associate ( ?ieves1 & has be5 appr5tic$ to x1 s to speak1 z to a trade2 h5ce ! advantage ( ! new sy/em by :i* he c be wat*$ & if necess>y captur$ on suspicion4 ,! ,london police h n[ on _! regi/] #aag1jjj names ( habitual crim9als1 & ! li/ is said to be increas+ at ! rate ( #cj1jjj a ye>4 ,a few some:at imp]fect /ati/ics may be giv54 ,9 ,london1 dur+ ! ye>s #ahfb to #ahfg inclusive1 !re 7 eight successful burgl>ies1 9 :i* #ad1hde wor? ( valuables 0 /ol52 9 o!r l>ge t[ns ( ! k+dom1 su* z ,glasg[1 ,%effield1 c41 !re 7 ?irte5 burgl>ies1 ) a loss ( #aa1cge2 & if our ,colonies 7 to be tak5 into acc\nt1 at ,hong ,kong alone !re 0 a robb]y 7ref]r$ to m fully on page #ei71 9 #ahfe1 ( #ej1jjj f a bank4 ,omitt+ ?is la/1 h[ev]1 x w be se5 t 9 elev5 ye>s no less ?an #eb1jjj ( prop]ty 0 /ol5 by burgl>s 9 ,great ,brita94 ,x is true a great deal ( ?is 0 recov]$--sometimes 9 rem>kable ways1 an in/ance ( :i* 0 ! f9d+ ( "s gold wat*es 9 ! ,?ames1 /ol5 f ,mr4 ,walk]'s1 ,cornhill2 "o ( ! wat*es hav+ attract$ ! att5tion ( a riv] policeman4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 !re 7 numb]s ( successful attempts :]e no booty 0 f\nd2 a l>ge numb] ( unsuccessful attempts2 & _m ( bo? k9ds :i* nev] appe>$ 9 ! newspap]s at all4 ,! total w\ld inde$ make a =midable li/1 & yet !re is h>dly a case 9 :i* prop] c>e comb9$ ) ! use ( ! be/ safegu>ds w\ld n h prev5t$ all loss4 ,9 ! ye> #ahgc ! total am\nt ( prop]ty lo/ by robb]ies ( all k9ds )9 ! metropolitan di/rict alone 0 #hd1jjj1 ( :i* ne>ly #ba1jjj 0 subsequ5tly recov]$4 ,s l>ge a proportion ( ?is loss 0 occasion$ by ! use ( insecure fa/5+s on doors or w9d[s1 t ! ,metropolitan ,police h drawn ! special att5tion ( h\sehold]s to ! risks ?us incurr$4 ,colonel ,h5d]son n long s9ce issu$ a notice1 ( :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3-- #8,caution to ,h\sehold]s & o!rs4--,! ,commission] consid]s x to be 8 duty to caution h\sehold]s & o!rs t l>c5ies are 9 mo/ in/ances committ$ by ?ieves ent]+ ?r\gh w9d[s left op5 or s insecurely fa/5$ t !y c be readily op5$ by ?ru/+ back ! cat* f ! outside ) a knife1 )\t any viol5ce or =ce :atev]4 ,! plates ( w9d[-fa/5+s %\ld ov]lap ea* o!r1 & self-act+ side-/ops %\ld be us$ 9 sa%es4 ,att5tion is also direct$ to ! foll[+ means by :i* ?ieves effect _! purpose3-- #8,9 ! abs5ce ( ! family1 especially on ,saturday & ,sunday ev5+s1 ent]+ ) false or skeleton keys1 pass+ ?r\gh an empty h\se 9 ! neighb\rhood1 go+ along ! p>apet1 & ent]+ any w9d[ f\nd op5--climb+ up ! portico & ent]+ ?r\gh upp] w9d[s--call+ at h\ses "u pret5ce ( hav+ messages or p>cels to deliv]1 & dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! s]vant /eal+ articles f ! hall or passage & decamp+4 #8,if ord9>y & necess>y precautions 7 tak51 z above recomm5d$1 ! ef=ts ( ! police 9 prev5t+ crime w\ld be mat]ially aid$1 & prop]ty m effectually secur$4' ,a %ort "t s9ce !re 0 a robb]y at ! w>eh\se ( a p]son :o imm$iately wrote to ! newspap]s blam+ ! police & mak+ out a plausible case4 ,n[1 ! real facts 71 t ?is p]son gave up resid+ on 8 ,city premises )\t in=m+ ! police4 ,! door _h on x only a common lat*1 easily op5$ by a false key4 ,!re 0 a w9d[ up a side-passage ?r\gh :i* x 0 easy to obta9 entrance2 & ?\gh all ^! circum/ances conspir$ to facilitate ! op]ations ( ?ieves1 yet ?is 0 ?\ght a prop] opportunity to blame ! ,city ,police6 ,al?\gh sev5te5 ye>s h elaps$ s9ce ! conviction ( ! m5 :o /ole ! bullion on ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway1 ! case is /ill ! mo/ rem>kable ( its k9d--rem>kable = ! delib]ation1 ! pr(essional _s1 & ! pecuni>y res\rces ( ! mod]n (f5d]4 ,! foll[+ v cond5s$ acc\nt ,i take f ! #8,times' newspap] ( ! day1 m]ely premis+ t ! case %[s ! extreme importance ( gu>d+ "o's keys mo/ jeal\sly1 = ev5 up to ! pres5t "t no lock1 su* z c be br\ght )9 ! rea* ( ev]yone = practical use1 has be5 inv5t$ t w p]mit ( its keys be+ c>elessly us$4 ,on ! night ( ,may #ae1 #ahee1 gold to ! value ( #ab1jjj 0 tak5 f ! van ( a tra9 on ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway1 betwe5 ,london & ,folke/one4 ,! boxes 7 weigh$ 9 ,london & aga9 at ,b\logne2 at ! second place ! weight1 z 0 subsequ5tly discov]$1 diff]$ f ! weight 9 ,london4 ,! weight 9 ,p>is correspond$ ) ! weight at ,b\logne4 ,consequ5tly ! boxes mu/ h be5 tamp]$ ) betwe5 ,london & ,b\logne1 or1 z x _h be5 impossible to t\* !m :ile 9 ! boat1 betwe5 ,london & ,folke/one4 ,:5 ! boxes 7 op5$1 bags ( %ot 7 f\nd sub/itut$ = gold4 ,( c\rse ! surprise 0 great1 & ! se>* aft] ! (f5d] e>ne/4 ,b :atev] may be ! skill ( ! detectives1 we "k f sad exp]i5ce t ! crim9al _w is m ?an equal to !m 9 craft4 ,= sixte5 mon?s ! pursuit 0 9 va91 & ! robb]y 0 well-nigh =gott51 :5 an unexpect$ revelation ?rew light on ! matt]4 ,a man nam$ ,edw>d ,ag> 0 convict$ 9 ,octob] #ahee ( utt]+ a =g$ *eque1 & s5t5c$ to be transport$ = life4 ,?is man1 aft] 8 conviction1 /at$ to ! au?orities t he c\ld give in=mation respect+ ! great gold robb]y ( #ahee4 ,on be+ que/ion$ he ann\nc$ himself z "o ( ! p]petrators1 & nam$ z 8 accomplices ,pi]ce1 =m]ly 9 ! s]vice ( ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,company2 ,burgess1 a gu>d2 & ,te/]1 a cl]k 9 ! traffic dep>tm5t4 ,ag> 0 =ty-"o ye>s ( age1 & _h by 8 own confession liv$ by crime f f\rte5 to tw5ty ye>s4 ,8 evid5ce 0 t ,pi]ce fir/ sugge/$ ! s*eme1 b t he himself ?\ght x impracticable4 ,pi]ce said he believ$ he c\ld obta9 impressions ( keys ( ! ,*ubb's locks by :i* ! iron safes 7 secur$2 & ,ag> !n answ]$ t if x c\ld be done he ?\ght ! ?+ might be effect$4 ,pi]ce & ,ag> w5t d[n to ,folke/one z casual visitors = ! b5efit ( sea-ba?+4 ,!y took lodg+s & employ$ !mselves 9 obs]v+ ! arrival ( ! tidal s]vice tra9s to ! boats4 ,?is 0 9 ,may #ahed1 twelve mon?s be=e ! actual commission ( ! robb]y--s long a "t c mod]n depr$ators af=d to sp5d ^u _! prep>ations4 ,!y w5t daily to ! pi] to enjoy ! fre% air2 b _! con/ant obs]vation ( ! tra9s & ! /ation ar\s$ suspicion1 & !y left1 ?\gh n be=e !y _h discov]$ #8:at ,*apman1 :o _h ! key ( ! iron safe1 did :5 ! tra9s arriv$ & ! luggage 0 remov$ to ! boats4' ,by ^! means x 0 asc]ta9$ :]e ! key 0 kept1 ! impression ( :i* x 0 desirable to obta94 ,b to "k :]e ! key 0 kept & to obta9 possession ( x 7 v diff]5t ?+s1 & ,ag>1 accord+ to 8 own /ory1 0 mu* di%e>t5$4 ,n s ,pi]ce4 ,pi]ce knew a man nam$ ,te/] :o 0 9 ! (fice ( ! ,sup]9t5d5t ( ,traffic1 & ,te/] c\ld get possession ( ! keys = !m4 ,h[ev]1 "t rolls on1 & we are 9 ,augu/1 :5 ,pi]ce discov]s t ! locks are to be alt]$1 & t ! new keys w be 9 ,te/]'s h&s4 ,te/] 0 ! cl]k :o correspond$ ) ,mr4 ,*ubb on ! subject ( ! alt]ations1 & by 8 means ! impression ( a key :i* op5$ "o lock ( ea* box 0 obta9$4 ,b z ea* box _h two locks x 0 necess>y to obta9 ! impression ( ano!r key1 & ! foll[+ device 0 adopt$3 ,ag> 0 9 possession ( no less a sum ?an #c1jjj4 ,x 0 arrang$ t a box ( bullion ( ! value ( two hundr$ p\nds %\ld be convey$ 9 ! iron safe 9 ! usual way1 & t x %\ld be deliv]$ to him "u ! "n ( ,ar*]4 ,ag> goes = ! box1 & x is deliv]$ to him by ,*apman1 :o op5s ! safe ) a key :i* he takes f a cupbo>d4 ,?us ,ag> le>ns :]e ! second key is kept4 ,n[1 h[ are !y to obta9 an impression ( ! key8 ,two mon?s h elaps$ s9ce !y got ! impression ( key ,no4 #a4 ,?is is ,octob]1 & !y are /ill )\t ,no4 #b4 ,b !y are n di%e>t5$4 ,pi]ce & ,ag> g to ,dov]1 & put up at ! #8,dov] ,ca/le2' !y walk ov] to ,folke/one1 & arrive j :5 ! tra9 is com+ 94 ,9 ! confusion ( an arrival ! att5dants leave ! (fice = a few m9utes4 ,pi]ce goes boldly 91 op5s ! cupbo>d :i* conta9s ! key ( ! iron safe1 h&s x to ,ag>1 :o takes an impression1 & !n replaces x4 ,?us five mon?s aft] _! reconnoissance at ,folke/one !y h surm\nt$ ! fir/ difficulty :i* sugge/$ itself to ! reflective m9d ( ,ag>4 ,!y h obta9$ wax impressions ( ! keys2 ev]y?+ else rema9s to be done4 ,! next ?+1 ( c\rse1 0 to make keys f ! impressions4 ,= t purpose lodg+s are tak5 9 ,lambe? & ,k5n+ton4 ,pi]ce disguises himself 9 a black wig1 & ! next two mon?s are sp5t 9 fil+ keys4 ,:5 ! keys 7 complet$ to a probable simil>ity ) ! r\gh wax impressions--no easy task1 x w\ld seem1 = two inexp]t op]ators ) common files--x 0 necess>y to try !m4 ,ag> w5t d[n sev]al times 9 ! van ) ,burgess1 ! gu>d4 ,!y did n fit at fir/1 b !y fitt$ m ne>ly e "t he w5t4 ,at la/ !y fitt$ completely1 & ! de$ 0 resolv$ on4 ,( c\rse1 aft] ne>ly a ye>'s lab\r1 x 0 n wor? _! :ile to fly at any paltry game--!y w\ld wait till a l>ge sum 0 to be s5t4 ,two *e/s w\ld hold ab\t #ab1jjj1 & !y he>d t #ab1jjj 0 %ortly to be s5t4 ,!y !n buy %ot to replace ! gold4 ,ag> & ,pi]ce are admitt$ into ! van by ,burgess1 & on ,may #ae1 #ahee1 twelve mon?s aft] ! de$ 0 plann$1 ! boxes ( ,messrs4 ,spielman1 ,bult1 & ,abell are securely rifl$4 ,n9ete5 mon?s aft] ! crime 0 committ$1 & m ?an two ye>s & a half aft] x 0 plann$1 ju/ice ov]took ! del9qu5ts4 ,no s5t5ce 0 pass$ ^u ! in=m] ,ag>1 :o 0 remitt$ back to prison "u ! s5t5ce he _h incurr$ by an act ( =g]y2 b ,burgess & ,te/] 7 s5t5c$ to transportation = f\rte5 ye>s1 :ile ,pi]ce1 ?r\gh a te*nicality1 got (f ) only two ye>s' imprisonm5t3 & s ends ?is romantic case4 ,"o ( ! convicts1 ,i h he>d1 has be5 ( "s use to ! police1 =1 l _m o!r convict$ ?ieves1 he has be5 communicative1 & at lea/ "o improvem5t 9 lock-mak+ has result$ f ?is man's sugge/ions4 ,?\gh a robb]y s pati5tly plann$1 s quietly c>ri$ out1 & ) su* a successful result1 is r>e2 yet we /ill he> ( in/ances :]e9 ! same =e?\ght & misguid$ tal5t are %[n4 ,! d>k autumn & w9t] ev5+s h latt]ly be5 *os5 = ! commission ( :at are e>n+ a sep>ate "n1 s num]\s h !y become--#8,jewel ,robb]ies4' ,at ! ,we/ ,end ( ,london & ! fa%ionable suburbs !re h be5 num]\s cases 9 :i* ! ?ieves wait till ! inhabitants are assembl$ at d9n]--hav+ possibly left "s ( _! jewell]y ly+ ab\t on dress+-tables--& by ent]+ ?r\gh a w9d[ ! burgl>s are able to make a successful haul4 ,ei!r 9 ?is mann] or by an ord9>y night burgl>y mu* ( ! plate & jewell]y is /ol5 ) comp>atively slight risk ( discov]y4 ,! resid5ces ( ,sir ,f4 ,peel1 ! ,d[ag] ,m>*ioness ( ,*olmondeley1 ! ,c\ntess ,waldegrave1 ! ,c\ntess ( ,don\ghmore1 & _m o!r noticeable p]sonages h rec5tly suff]$ f ^! unwelcome visits4 ,! foll[+ notice1 issu$ "s "t ago1 ,i h ,colonel ,fras]'s p]mission to republi%4 ,x v cle>ly %[s ! responsibilities re/+ ) bo? ! police & ! public ( l>ge t[ns4 ,if h\sehold]s w\ld b p]=m _! "p z well z ! police d 9 ?is matt]1 robb]y ( ! k9d indicat$ w\ld be ( ! r>e/ occurr5ce3-- ,,police ,,notice4 ,rec5t occurr5ces hav+ %[n t an impression some:at ext5sively prevails 9 ! ,city t ! duty ( protect+ h\se prop]ty at night is "o :i* belongs exclusively to ! police1 x is desirable to po9t out :at ! true functions ( ! police are ) respect to ! gu>dian%ip ( h\se prop]ty1 inasmu* z ! proprietors ( h\ses1 :5 di/9ctly in=m$ z to ! nature & ext5t ( ! protection :i* !y may reasonably expect to receive f ! police =ce1 w be 9 a bett] position to det]m9e :at ^? additional safegu>ds %\ld be :i* ord9>y prud5ce makes x incumb5t on !m to provide = !mselves4 ,"u ! influ5ce ( ! impression above ref]r$ to a practice has sprung up 9 ! ,city1 & is gradually increas+1 ( leav+ %ops & w>eh\ses1 /or$ ) goods ( great value1 entirely unt5ant$ at night1 & ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,sunday4 ,num]\s build+s are let out 9 sep>ate rooms to sep>ate t5ants1 :o require !m only = purposes ( bus9ess dur+ ! day2 ! /reet-door1 dur+ bus9ess h\rs1 is left op51 9 ord] to give ready access to e "p ( ! h\se2 & ?us1 9 ! case ( h\ses :i* are habitually des]t$ at night1 n only h ?ieves great facilities = ent]+ !m1 & secret+ !mselves !re by day1 b !y may d ?is ) ! k t !y w1 almo/ c]ta9ly1 be left = _m h\rs at night 9 ! undi/urb$ possession ( ! ab&on$ premises4 ,^! risks are1 moreov]1 greatly aggravat$ by want ( due c>e 9 ?or\ghly se>*+ ! h\se be=e x is f9ally clos$ = ! night1 by ! defective condition1 9 _m in/ances1 ( ! ext]nal fa/5+s1 & by neglect 9 mak+ ev5 ^! fa/5+s secure4 ,x has1 inde$1 be5 suppos$ by "s p]sons t if1 dur+ _! abs5ce1 !y leave lights burn+ 9 _! %ops1 & op5+s 9 ! %utt]s ?r\gh :i* ! int]ior ( ! %op c be p>tially inspect$1 ! prop]ty )9 may be safely left to ! exclusive gu>dian%ip ( ! police4 ,?is practice has nev] be5 approv$ by ! head ( ! =ce1 & is itself op5 to s]i\s objection1 z t5d+ to enc\rage reliance on a contrivance :i* is n only untru/wor?y1 b :i* may be us$ by dext]\s ?ieves to fur!r _! own plans4 ,nor mu/ x be imag9$ t a policeman :o is 9 *>ge ( a beat c1 )\t manife/ neglect ( 8 duty to ! h\sehold]s g5]ally1 devote to ! %ops :]e ! practice 9 "q is foll[$1 ! special sup]vision :i* seems to be expect$ f him4 ,if a con/able on duty 7 b\nd1 ea* "t he pass$1 to make a c>eful inspection ( ! int]ior ( %ops ?r\gh ! sev]al ap]tures :i* individual %opkeep]s may please to make 9 _! %utt]s1 he w\ld obvi\sly be unable to complete ! circuit ( ! build+s "u 8 *>ge )9 ! "t appo9t$ = t purpose1 & ! majority ( h\ses on ! beat1 z well z pass5g]s 9 ! /reets1 w\ld be left )\t t protection :i* ! police %\ld prop]ly af=d4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x is mo/ important to be> 9 m9d t ! special wat*+ ov] p>ticul> premises1 :i* x is s\ght by ! adoption ( ! cu/om ref]r$ to to exact f ! police1 is a duty :i* ! police _c und]take to p]=m4 ,! *ief functions ( police 9 connection ) ! protection ( h\se prop]ty at night are to prev5t1 z f> z possible1 a =cible entry be+ made into any build+ f )\t2 to af=d protection to all h\ses equally2 to be vigilant 9 detect+ ! fir/ indications ( fire1 & to ex]cise a g5]al sup]vision ?r\gh\t ! night ov] ! doors1 %utt]s1 & o!r ext]nal def5ces ( ! h\ses4 ,^! functions ! police c dis*>ge1 b !y _c be responsible = :at may be occurr+ out ( _! sight1 )9 des]t$ build+s to :i* !y h no access--!y _c keep /ation>y gu>d ov] ! doors ( unoccupi$ w>eh\ses unprovid$ ) any locks or out] fa/5+s b su* z are ( ! mo/ wor?less description--!y _c prev5t robb]ies be+ effect$ 9 premises to :i* ?ieves are admitt$ dur+ ! day & secur$ f all int]ruption :5 lock$ 9 = ! night by ! own]s ( ! premises !mselves--nor c !y1 9 ju/ice to ! legitimate claims :i* ! majority ( ! ratepay]s h on ! protection ( ! police1 employ ! great] portion ( _! "t 9 wat*+ ov] ! prop]ty ( a few individuals1 :o invite attacks f ?ieves by omitt+ to take ! precautions :i* common prud5ce enjo9s4 ,,james ,,fras]1 ,colonel1 ,commission] ( ,police4 ,city ,police ,(fice1 #ahfe4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,safes ,,aga9/ ,,?ieves4 ,( late ye>s !re has be5 an increas+ dem& = /rong safes1 & x is 9 response to ?is dem& t su* a multitude ( pat5ts h be5 tak5 out4 ,( ^! v few h be5 introduc$ to ! public1 = mo/ ( ! inv5tions are by p]sons n practically acqua9t$ ) ! trade1 :o consequ5tly h n ! opportunity ( =esee+ ! practical difficulties 9 ! work+ ( _! pat5t1 nor (t5 ! means ( introduc+ x to public notice4 ,p]haps "o pat5t 9 six is ultimately us$1 b ev5 ( ^! _m are b unwitt+ copies ( =m] ones4 ,z an in/ance1 a special mode ( mak+ an angle-iron frame is claim$ by ?ree inv5tors4 ,h[ev]1 aft] ! great robb]y at a jewell]'s 9 ,cornhill1 9 #ahfe1 among ! num]\s pat5ts introduc$ !re 7 "s ( und\bt$ advantage1 ! object 9 all be+ to give great] /r5g? to ! door & its fa/5+s1 & 79 "s pat5ts7 to close all jo9ts 9 a safe aga9/ ! op]ation ( w$g+4 ,! employm5t ( w$ges = =c+ op5 safes 0 !n q novel1 & !re=e ! _m improvem5ts sugge/$ or pat5t$ 7 int5d$ *iefly to baffle ?is new mode ( attack4 ,x is necess>y to notice v briefly ! sali5t po9ts ( ! be/ ( ^? inv5tions :i* by be+ n[ us$ h prov$ to "s ext5t _! utility4 ,p]haps ! safes mo/ g5]ally kn[n are ,miln]'s1 ,tann's1 ,hobbs's1 ,*atwood's & ,*ubb's4 ,!re are _m o!r mak]s1 mo/ ( ^: names appe> 9 ! li/ ( pat5tees1 b ^: productions h h>dly obta9$ ! notoriety belong+ to ! five names "h m5tion$4 ,respect+ ! fir/-nam$ mak]s1 s _m diff]5t qualities are made t x is difficult to give any def9ite op9ion ( _! "w1 b x may be safely said t ! mak]s rely m ^u ! g5]al con/ruction ( _! safes ?an ^u any special inv5tion to ov]come ! #8w$ge' or o!r in/rum5t4 ,!y use to a l>ge ext5t w$ge-%ap$ pieces ( iron fa/5$ to ! inn] face ( ! door1 :i* fit into1 z ! door %uts1 correspond+ holes 9 ! frame or l9+ face4 ,^! _c1 h[ev]1 be us$ well at ! back ( ! door1 9 consequ5ce ( ! cle>ance requir$ :5 x is sw++ op52 o!rwise1 if fa/5$ 9 a solid mann]1 !y give "s additional /r5g?4 ,"o ( ! noticeable features ( ,messrs4 ,miln]s' safe is ! use ( an outside b& or frame r\nd ! body1 ! advisability ( :i* position = x is sometimes que/ion$1 al?\gh x adds some:at to ! appe>ance ( /r5g?4 ,!y also use h+es 9 place ( ! pivot or c5tre work+ 9 a socket1 ! m g5]al mode ( con/ruction4 ,"o ( _! /rong] safes has be5 describ$ z foll[s3 #8,its dim5sions be+ #hc in*es high2 #eh in*es wide1 & #cf in*es deep1 & secur$ by "o s+le & two pairs ( d\ble doors4 ,! fir/1 :i* is ( massive /r5g?1 & well provid$ ) lock1 bolts1 & w$ge-gu>ds1 secures a small *e/ or treasury design$ = bullion1 :i* is 9 fact ! pr9cipal object = :i* ! safe 0 int5d$4 ,ov] ?is door close a pair ( equally /rong d\ble doors1 ea* %oot+ eight massive bolts1 & coat$1 l ! inn] door1 ) a lay] ( h>d5$ /eel4 ,ov] ^! second doors close a ?ird pair1 consi/+1 l ! inn] ones1 ( two -in* plates ( iron sep>at$ by a plate ( -in* ca/ /eel4 ,! composition is #c in*es ?ick4 ,! weight ( ! safe is ?irte5 tons 7871 & ! co/ #cjj4' ,! safes made by ,messrs4 ,tann1 ( ,newgate ,/reet1 make no pret5sion to any special novelty beyond hav+1 9 ! /rong qualities1 a project+ rim all r\nd ! inside ( ! door1 :i* fits into a correspond+ recess1 9 ord] to foil ! action ( w$ges4 ,! f9i% ( mo/ ( ^! safes is decid$ly good1 %[+ c>eful workman%ip4 ,! foll[+ is a publi%$ description ( "o ( ,messrs4 ,tann's safes3 #8,no special provision z aga9/ fire 0 made1 /r5g? be+ ! fir/ object4 ,! size ( ! safe is #e feet #f in*es high1 & #b feet #d in*es deep1 ab\t f\r tons weight ( iron be+ us$ 9 its manufacture4 ,! case consi/s fir/ ( boil] plate ( -in*1 !n ( -in* plate ( /eel & iron weld$ toge!r1 a ?ird out] case be+ ( -in* iron plate4 ,! frame is six in*es by #a in*es1 ) solid corn]s2 & ! con/ruction ( ! doors is novel4 ,!y are fold+1 & fit into ea* o!r at _! meet+ ) dovetails sev5 in*es high & "o in* wide ( solid -in* iron1 :i* effectually prev5ts any attempt to =ce !m ap>t by w$g+4 ,! back edge ( ea* door is provid$ ) :at is te*nically call$ a hook rebate1 ) ! same view4' ,messrs4 ,hobbs's safes are also ( v>i\s qualities1 _! /ronge/ hav+ bolts ( a hook$ or claw %ape1 & ! out] edges ( ! body plates be+ protect$ 9 a peculi> way by a cov]+ "u :i* molt5 metal is run to cov] or close ! jo9ts4 ,! safe made by ,*atwood has a door ) a curv$ edge1#b & bolts ( hook$ %ape :i* slide beh9d projections on ! frame2 sometimes he uses also project+ pieces on ! inn] edge ( a door1 some:at 9 ,miln]'s way1 & 8 /rong] safes h h>d metal run 9 :ile hot betwe5 two iron plates to =m ! sides4 ,"s ( 8 safes are v pond]\s1 & m "w is sp5t on !m ?an seems necess>y = any b ! mo/ extraord9>y requirem5t4 ,! f9i% is good1 & ! g5]al plan ( con/ruction m elaborate ?an t us$ by "s mak]s4 ,! numb] ( applications = pat5ts made by ,mr4 ,*atwood w be se5 by ref]5ce to ! li/ to be l>ge1 b only "s ( !m or p>ts are 9 use4 ,illu/ration3 ,,elevation ,,%ew+ ,,diagonal ,,action ,,( ,,bolts ,messrs4 ,*ubb & ,son's safes are *iefly 9 two di/9ct qualities1 ! be/ be+ made z %[n by ! annex$ engrav+s4 ,! advantage ( ! diagonal bolts w be obvi\s2 !y fa/5 into a solid frame1 :i* 9 its turn ov]laps ! body-plates1 s t if x 7 possible to get a w$ge pa/ ! rebate on ! door1 ! mom5t ! w$ge 0 ins]t$ ! bolts w\ld grip ! sides & b9d x tightly4 ,! edges are jo9$ by angle-iron1 rivets & screws1 & are rebat$ & dovetail$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,section ,,( ,,front ,,corn] ,messrs4 ,*ubb & ,son h lately 7#ahgd7 pat5t$ a new mode ( con/ruction1 ) ! object ( provid+ a /rong] safe at a less co/ ?an has hi!rto be5 *>g$4 ,! frame ( ! safe1 on :i* ! door hangs1 is a solid ,t-iron1 its out] edge ov]lapp+ ! body-plates1 & ! flange receiv+ beh9d x ! bolts4 ,?\gh ! inn] l9+ has no screw or rivet1 yet x is mo/ securely fa/5$ 9 ! process ( jo9+ ! o!r p>ts4 ,9 ord] to increase ! fire-resi/+ prop]ties ( ?is new safe1 besides ! usual cas+ ( fire-resi/+ mat]ial1 a tube is introduc$ into ! op5 space beh9d ! ,t-iron1 fill$ ) a sub/ance t w on ! approa* ( fire cause /eam to be project$ into ! int]ior ( ! safe4 ,! engrav+ %[s a section ( "o corn] ( ?is pat5t safe1 & an elevation ( x w be f\nd fac+ page #cf4 ,illu/ration3 ,,*ubb',s ,,pat5t4 ,beyond ! fact t its simplicity ( con/ruction enables x to be produc$ at a mod]ate co/1 ! *ief advantages claim$ = ?is p>ticul> safe are3-- #a4 ,! door be+ slightly recess$ :5 %ut1 a w$ge _c be ins]t$ ) ! same ease z if x 7 flu%2 & if x is ins]t$1 ! pressure is ex]t$ aga9/ ! po9t ( greate/ /r5g? & away f ! door4 #b4 ,! frame be+ a special ,t-iron section ) a ?ick5$ corn]1 its /r5g? is enorm\s1 & ! p[] necess>y to b5d x c h>dly be appli$ b by ma*9]y4 #c4 ,! bolts fa/5 beh9d ?is solid iron1 9 place (1 z is usually ! case1 into ! l9+4 #d4 ,! edges ( ! out] plates are recess$ into ! frame1 s t !re is n an op5 jo9t4 #e4 ,! out] plates are fa/5$ to ! frame by a new screw rivet1 :i* c nei!r be driv5 9 nor tak5 out4 #f4 ,ev5 if "o ( ! plates %\ld be tak5 (f1 ! l9+ _c be got out1 9 consequ5ce ( ! mode adopt$ = secur+ x at ! front4 #g4 ,! adoption ( ! ,pat5t ,/eam ,tube adds greatly to ! firepro( qualities ( ! safe at ! "p mo/ subject to ! entrance ( heat4 ,among safe manufactur]s ,i may "n ,messrs4 ,mordan & ,co41 ,mr4 ,:itfield1 ,mr4 ,elwell1 ,messrs4 ,p]ry & ,co41 ,mr4 ,price1 & o!rs1 ^: productions ,i h n space to describe4 ,!re are 9 ,/af=d%ire c]ta9 firms :o make safes ( ! lighte/ & mo/ trump]y description1 *iefly = export4 ,a p>tn] 9 "o ( ^! e/abli%m5ts once told me t z long z ! safes 7 /rong en\gh to /& ! r\gh voyage r\nd ! ,cape to ,india !y 7 all t 0 ne$$6 ,i ne$ h>dly say t a safe ne$ be no /rong] ?an a pack+-case to /& t te/4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 already signs ( a mu* bett] article be+ requir$ 9 ! ,ea/2 & ! export trade 9 good ,engli% safes to ,india1 ,*9a1 ,au/ralia1 & o!r p>ts is rapidly becom+ ( mu* importance4 ,w$g+ has already be5 m5tion$ z an +5i\s & some:at new mode adopt$ by burgl>s to =ce op5 safes4 ,x is accompli%$ by means ( a numb] ( /eel w$ges1 ?9 & small1 & ab\t two in*es long by half an in* broad2 ^! are driv5 9 "o by "o at diff]5t p>ts r\nd ! edge ( ! door2 gradually ,illu/ration3 ,,*ubb',s ,,new ,,pat5t ,,safe1 ,,) ,t-,,iron ,,frame ,to face page #cf ?ick] ones are put 9 until ! side has be5 sprung away suffici5tly to all[ a cr[b> to be ins]t$1 & !n if ! bolts are n ( ! v be/ ! door is likely to be wr5*$ op54 ,! s\nd ( hamm]+ ! w$ges is dead5$ by a lea!r pad be+ put "u ! hamm]1 s t x becomes almo/ a sil5t op]ation4 ,a convict$ burgl>1 :o _h enjoy$ ! advantage ( "s exp]i5ce 9 w$g+ safes1 /at$ t on fir/ try+ ! door ( a safe1 if ! w$ge sprang out & w\ld n rema9 9 ! jo9t )\t be+ held1 x 0 g5]ally hopeless to proce$ ) w$ges2 b if ! fir/ w$ge took #8a bite' 9 ! jo9t & /ay$ 91 he 0 almo/ c]ta9 ( success4 ,b besides ?is me?od !re is t ( us+ drills1 a v fav\rite way =m]ly ) ?ieves1 & "o t has lately aga9 become popul>1 because ( ! increas$ facilities = procur+ bett] drill+ in/rum5ts4 ,! object s\ght 9 drill+ is to get at ! lock or work+ p>ts1 s t by de/roy+ ! works & bolt ( ! lock ! h&le ( ! safe m]ely has to be turn$ & ! door comes op54 ,x is q easy to drill any numb] ( holes into an ord9>y iron safe1 b unless ! holes are ne> ! lock ! cont5ts ( ! safe _c be rea*$ )\t mu* lab\r & "t4 ,!re=e to c\nt]act ! drill+ x is necess>y to protect ! lock by /eel or "s o!r h>d sub/ance4 ,a plate ( /eel well fix$ is usually employ$1 b 9 addition to ?is ,mr4 ,john ,*ubb inv5t$ a v simple b effective mode ( protection4 ,a numb] ( small holes are made 9 ! door-plate f ! inside almo/ ?r\gh ! plate2 ! holes are tapp$1 & !n fill$ up ) h>d /eel screws2 s t :5 a drill t\*es1 h[ev] slightly1 ev5 "o ( ! /eel screws1 its edge imm$iately breaks & ! drill becomes useless4 ,! con/ruction & op]ation ( ! p[]ful in/rum5t :i* made l>ge holes 0 unkn[n until "o ( !m1 ) all its tools1 0 captur$ by ! police1 & a m p[]ful1 well-made1 & compact in/rum5t has seldom be5 se54 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ! ,metropolitan ,police ,au?orities ,mr4 ,*ubb 0 all[$ to exp]im5t ) ! in/rum5t1 & 8 att5tion 0 direct$ to provide "s means to baffle & de/roy its op]ation4 ,?is has be5 effectually done1 & ! improvem5t secur$ by lett]s pat5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,x w\ld be obvi\sly improp] to publi% any description or illu/ration ( ! ma*9e itself1 b fig4 #a ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 %[s a "p ( an iron door ) a hole two in*es 9 diamet] cut ?r\gh x4 ,fig #b is ! cutt+ tool us$1 & un9jur$1 z x 0 :5 tak5 f ! ma*9e aft] cutt+ ! hole4 ,fig4 #c also %[s a "p ( an iron door1 hav+ ! pat5t improvem5t1 ^u :i* a trial 0 next made by ! in/rum5t ) ! same cutt]4 ,no impression1 f>!r ?an tak+ a m]e sk9 (f ! surface1 c\ld be made1 & ! cutt] 0 utt]ly de/roy$1 z %[n 9 fig4 #d4 ,ano!r & m p[]ful ma*9e 0 tak5 by ! ,man*e/] police1 ) cutt]s capable ( mak+ mu* l>g] holes1 b ! improvem5t is equally effective 9 de/roy+ ! tools4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d ,a ?ird & m desp]ate mode ( op5+ safes is by introduc+ gunp[d] into ! locks1 de/roy+ !m1 & ?us op5+ ! door ) ease4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 has n lately be5 tri$ to any ext5t2 ! noise made is likely to lead to detection4 ,x is r a dang]\s ?+ to try1 & ! locks ( good safes h g5]ally receiv$ su* improvem5ts z enable !m to resi/ ! %ock ( an explosion )\t injury4 ,!re h be5 o!r me?ods said to be us$ by burgl>s to obta9 _! object1 su* z s(t5+ /eel ) a bl[-pipe1 s z to get a drill ?r\gh x1 or us+ drills made ( diamonds1 :i* are said to be v p[]ful1 or employ+ acids to act ^u & de/roy h>d /eel1 b ,i h n kn[n ( any burgl>ies prov+ successful by ^! means4 ,!re is no d\bt a va/ am\nt ( l[ +5uity & cunn+ always at "w1 quietly s*em+ or plann+ ! be/ mode ( gett+ at ! treasure s (t5 kept 9 safes1 & ! only safegu>d aga9/ ?is is to get ! be/ safe possible1 & !n n to rely ^u its be+ utt]ly impregnable 7= no safe c be t71 b to use ord9>y wat*fulness & c>e1 s t x may n be expos$ to unusual risks4 ,a safe is protect$ z mu* by hav+ c>eful & hone/ p]sons 9 ! employ ( a firm z by its own /r5g?2 & ! common-s5se view ( ! matt] to take is to advise all :o wi% to obta9 ! be/ security to pay :at is necess>ily a good price = a good safe1 & to take good c>e ( x--& its keys4 ,! c>eless way 9 :i* ! keys1 n only ( safes1 b ( w>eh\se doors1 private boxes1 & bags are left ab\t1 has be5 ! cause ( _m robb]ies4 ,! great gold robb]y on ! ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway 9 #ahee 0 effect$ ?r\gh ! ?ieves obta9+1 ?\gh only = a few mom5ts1 possession ( ! keys & tak+ an impression f !m4 ,a jewel robb]y at ! ,we/ ,end ( ,london 9 #ahgb 0 ow+ to ! key ( ! jewel-case be+ left 9 ! same room z ! case4 ,x is (t5 f\nd t important keys in/ead ( be+ 9 p]sonal cu/ody are kept 9 "s draw] or box hav+ only a v common lock4 ,ev5 bank]s1 c>eful z !y are1 ne$ a caution ab\t ?is1 = _! keys are s num]\s 9 mo/ in/ances t great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ to prev5t !m f ev] gett+ into improp] h&s2 :atev] k9d ( keys are us$1 !y %\ld nev] be out ( ! possession ( _! rightful own]s4 ,a plan1 to :i* ,i may call att5tion1 because ( its complete success & simplicity1 has be5 ext5sively us$ = ! recov]y ( lo/ keys4 ,x consi/s ( a *a9 ) a label atta*$ to x1 engrav$ z %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration1 ! object be+ to ensure ! return ( ! keys )\t ! f9d] becom+ aw>e to :om !y belong1 ?us prev5t+ _! possible unlawful use4 ,! bun* ( keys be+ br\ght to ! address on ! label1 by ref]5ce to a regi/] kept ( ea* label1 ! rightful own] is kn[n & communicat$ )4 ,sev]al ?\s&s are n[ 9 use1 & _! value is prov$ by ! con/ant1 almo/ daily1 recov]y ( keys4 ,illu/ration ,"s ( ! in/ances 9 :i* ?is plan has be5 successfully us$ are some:at rem>kable1 & among ^! may be m5tion$ ! loss ( a g5tleman's keys on "o ( ! ,swiss m\nta9s4 ,all hope ( f9d+ !m 0 giv5 up & a fre% set accord+ly made2 b ! foll[+ ye> a bun* ( keys 0 f\nd :]e ! sn[ _h melt$1 & ^!1 br\ght home by an ,engli% travell]1 7 f\nd to be ! miss+ ones4 ,p]haps a m curi\s case1 9 :i* an unexpect$ use 0 made ( ! regi/]1 occurr$ at ! "t ( ! t]rible ,ab]gele accid5t to ! ,iri% mail tra94 ,mr4 ,lund1 a pass5g] 9 ! tra91 0 kill$1 b no?+ c\ld at fir/ be f\nd ^u him z a likely means ( id5tification4 ,he happ5$1 h[ev]1 to h a regi/]$ *a91 & ^u telegraph+ to my firm ! numb] on ! label 8 "n & address 7 at once discov]$4 ,x may be ( use to add a few p>ticul>s respect+ ! am\nt ( co9 t c be /[$ 9 a c]ta9 space1 9 ord] t x may be easily calculat$ h[ mu* any safe w hold4 ,! ,bank ( ,engl& reckon+ = ! room requir$ to /[ away gold co9 9 bags is #gi cubic in*es to #a1jjjl4 ,"o cubic foot w conta9 no less ?an #ba1hgel4 ,9 ord] to all[ a slight m>g9 & to be on ! "r side1 x may be consid]$ t #hj cubic in*es w conta9 #a1jjjl4 9 bags ( sov]eigns4 ,= silv] co9 ! ,bank reckon+ is t #aeg cubic in*es w hold #ajjl41 & t "o cubic foot w hold #a1bcel4 9 bags4 ,to all[ a m>g9 z be=e1 x may be said t #afj cubic in*es conta9 #ajjl4 9 silv] co94 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,safes ,,aga9/ ,,fire4 ,p]haps !re is a great] dem& = fire-resi/+ ?an = ?ief-resi/+ safes1 & c]ta9ly x is 9 ! =m] "* t !y are mo/ (t5 put to ! te/4 ,! consid]ation1 !re=e1 ( :at is ! be/ =m ( con/ruction to cope ) fire is mo/ important2 :ile x is also a mu* simpl] matt] ?an :5 /r5g? aga9/ ?ieves is requir$4 ,9 fire we h an elem5t ^: "* is kn[n1 & :i* _c attack u 9 "s new way = :i* we are n fully prep>$4 ,all t x c d to a safe is to ex]cise ^u x a c]ta9 heat1 ! int5sity ( :i* may be pretty ne>ly det]m9$1 & :i* _c 9 actual practice la/ beyond a c]ta9 "t4 ,probably heat t w melt iron 9 a l>ge mass is seldom produc$ 9 ! burn+ ( an ord9>y dwell+-h\se2 b 9 a w>eh\se ) inflammable cont5ts su* fi]ce heat (t5 exi/s1 s t a safe %\ld be pro( aga9/ x = two or ?ree h\rs4 ,unless a safe 7 v bulky x c\ld n well pres]ve its cont5ts )\t any damage = a mu* long] "t2 & inde$ x is n necess>y1 = no safe is v likely to be expos$ to an int5se all-r\nd fire long] ?an ?ree h\rs2 by t "t x w ei!r h fall5 into rubbi%1 or ! dbris f above w h cov]$ x 91 & protect$ x f imm$iate contact ) ! fire4 ,x w be se5 f ?is t x is advisable n to build a safe p>tially into a wall or recess2 ! *ances be+ t x w be kept 9 its place long en\gh to h ! full =ce ( ! fire exp5d$ ^u its expos$ portion1 & !n fall a great] di/ance & ^u h>d] mat]ial ?an if x _h fall5 :5 ! wood5 floor fir/ gave way4 ,! fir/ quality t a fire-resi/+ safe %\ld possess is /r5g? 9 its con/ruction suffici5t to prev5t its be+ damag$ by a heavy fall1 or su/a9+ injury ?r\gh ! plates w>p+ f heat4 ,?is _c be obta9$ unless ! out] plates are at lea/ a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick 7or upw>ds1 9 big safes71 /rongly jo9$ at all ! edges by /\t angle-irons well rivett$ to !m4 ,o!r & m exp5sive me?ods are us$ to jo9 ! edges1 & are d\btless bett] ?an ! =ego+2 b ?is is at once a *eap1 effectual1 & mo/ g5]ally us$ me?od4 ,secondly1 x is ess5tial to make ! safe z ne>ly airtight z possible1 to d :i* x is only necess>y t ! door %\ld fit v closely at its edges1 & t its inside face t\*es at e possible po9t ! int]ior ( ! safe4 ,! ?ird ?+ to be consid]$ is ! fire-pro(+--! mo/ important feature ( ! safe4 ,almo/ ev]y?+ t "o c ?9k ( has be5 ei!r propos$ or us$ = pro(+--wat]1 wood1 pap]1 pla/]-(-,p>is1 *emicals ( all sorts1 & _m o!r ?+s besides4 ,b ( all ^! :at may be t]m$ a comb9ation ( wat] & wood1 9 ! =ms ( alum & sawdu/1 has be5 mo/ ext5sively us$4 ,!re are two walls ( wr\ght iron 9 ! safe1 & ! int]v5+ space has to be fill$ ) a fire-resi/+ mat]ial1 :i* may be ei!r ( a refractory nature1 su* z fire-clay1 s&1 or any o!r practically infusible sl[ conductor ( heat2 or x may be an absorb5t sub/ance conta9+ *emicals t w evolve moi/ure :5 heat$4 ,! =m] ( ^! two me?ods is n[ seldom us$ except by mak]s ( *eap common safes1 :o sometimes use clay1 a%es1 or m\ld4 ,! evaporat+ sy/em is g5]ally adopt$1 & z a rule ! absorb5t mat]ial is common sawdu/1 ) :i* is mix$ ord9>y alum1 ! wat] ( cry/allisation 9 ! alum be+ gradually p>t$ ) "u ! cont9u$ heat g5]at$ by fire4 ,mahogany sawdu/ is pref]r$1 z be+ less combu/ible ?an t ( :ite woods4 ,at "o "t tubes ( glass or fusible metal conta9+ alkal9e solutions 7 imb$d$ 9 ! sawdu/ & 7 suppos$ to bur/ or fuse at a giv5 temp]ature1 b x 0 f\nd t ! glass accid5tally broke or ! fusible metal became corrod$1 & all[$ ! liquids to escape1 ?us damp+ ! cont5ts ( ! safe4 ,b ! mixture ( alum ) sawdu/ is op5 to two objections4 ,ow+ to ! hygroscopic nature ( sawdu/ ! alum is liable to decomposition1 !reby produc+ a c]ta9 moi/ure 9 ! safe2 &1 secondly1 !re is ( c\rse a limit to ! production ( moi/ure f ! alum :5 "u ! action ( fire1 aft] :i* ! sawdu/ w become gradually dry1 & al?\gh x may n actually ignite1 x w become *>r$1 & ev5 r$ hot1 "u suffici5tly cont9u$ heat4 ,x is b fair1 h[ev]1 to say1 z ,i h previ\sly sugge/$1 t su* in/ances ( cont9u$ heat are b r>ely probable2 yet1 = ! be=e-m5tion$ reasons1 ,i pref] & use an incombu/ible mat]ial1 v light & absorb5t1 & :i* does n possess ! bad qualities ( sawdu/1 b :i* is m exp5sive4 ,suppos+ ! alum to become exhau/$1 !re /ill rema9s ! protection ( a sub/ance :i* is bo? infusible & a bad conductor ( heat4 ,( c\rse ! actual am\nt ( resi/ance to fire dep5ds l>gely on ! capacity ( ! pro(+ *amb]s4 ,:5 advisable ! ?ickness ( ^! may be increas$ to any ext5t desir$1 or ! safe may h sev]al *amb]s1 all conta9+ pro(+1 or int]m$iate ones left z air-*amb]s only4 ,to sum up ! qualities :i* are requisite to make a safe pro( aga9/ an ord9>y fire1 x mu/1 fir/1 be made entirely ( wr\ght iron2 secondly1 ! out] plates mu/ be at lea/ a qu>t] ( an in* ?ick2 ?irdly1 !re %\ld be a space ( ?ree to f\r in*es all r\nd x ( an evaporat+ non-conduct+ composition4 ,) su* a safe z ?is1 prop]ly put toge!r1 ! g5]al run ( fires may be defi$2 b !re are cases :]e extra precaution %\ld be tak51 & ! safe kept 9 a brick1 /one1 or iron /rong-room4 ,no safe inside a /rong-room has1 to my k1 ev] be5 de/roy$2 b _m--always light ones--9 w>eh\ses or (fices h _h _! cont5ts burnt4 ,& "h ,i w\ld caution ^? n acqua9t$ ) ! subject to put little fai? 9 ! te/s1 ei!r public or private1 t are sometimes made1 unless !y are conduct$ by p]sons q dis9t]e/$4 ,:5 x is done 9 ?is way ( c\rse ! result is "o t may1 if c]ta9 conditions are fulfill$1 be valuable2 b s frequ5tly are ^! #8te/s' arrang$1 ei!r by mak+ a safe specially = a trial1 by c>efully pack+ its cont5ts1 or by con/ruct+ ! fire 9 a p>ticul> mode1 to turn out su* wond]ful successes1 t x w be well n to rely ^u any?+ b actual exp]i5ce ga9$ f ! result ( safes :i* h be5 kn[n to be subject to an ordeal 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s4 ,pl5ty ( su* in/ances c be inve/igat$1 b x w obvi\sly be unadvisable to give "h ! num]\s results t h f "t to "t be5 *ronicl$ by ! daily pap]s & o!r publications4 ,x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t c]ta9 ?+s are less liable to injury f heat ?an o!rs2 & !re=e x is t books w sometimes su/a9 no injury1 :il/ loose pap]s 9 ! same safe may be m or less damag$4 ,= ?is reason x is advisable t all p>*m5ts & pap]s be kept 9 a draw] or cupbo>d ( a safe1 z ! second enclosure 7?\gh ) no m fire-pro(+ r\nd x7 gives a slight extra security4 ,ano!r caution ,i w\ld give is t1 aft] be+ 9 "o fire1 a safe %\ld n be reli$ on to resi/ fire aga9 until x has be5 exam9$ & re-pro($ by ! mak] or a ?or\ghly compet5t p]son4 ,! resi/+ prop]ties are c]ta9 to be damag$1 if n de/roy$ altoge!r2 & al?\gh ,i "k ( safes /ill 9 use t h n be5 r5ovat$ s9ce pres]v+ _! cont5ts1 ,i w\ld n place any fai? at all 9 _! p[] to prove aga9 successful4 ,! de/ruction ( ! ,pante*nicon has pres5t$ an opportunity ( fairly asc]ta9+ ! effect ( great heat ^u v>i\s safes1 &1 /range z x may seem1 sc>cely "o ( ! _m safes surviv$ ! conflagration )\t injury4 ,"o ,fr5* safe _h no?+ b its f\r sides left intact1 its front1 back1 & inside hav+ disappe>$ z if driv5 out by a cannon-ball4 ,! ca/-iron safes1 ( :i* !re 7 sev]al1 prov$1 z might be expect$1 utt]ly useless1 be+ f\nd :5 pull$ out ( ! ru9s twi/$ into all sorts ( %apes1 or crack$ & brok5 l glass4 ,o!r safes1 by mak]s ^: reputation c h>dly be affect$ by damage done 9 su* an unprec$5t$ fire1 _h _! cont5ts v s]i\sly injur$2 & only a few safes came out ( ! trial 9 at all a satisfactory /ate4 ,speak+ ( ,fr5* safes1 ,i may "h say t1 z a rule1 !y & mo/ ( ! ,cont95tal safes _c be tru/$ 9 ,engli% fires1 nor aga9/ ! m advanc$ skill prevail+ among our ,engli% ?ieves4 ,)\t (f5ce _! "* may be summ$ up z be+ really #8,fr5*'--pretty 9 outw>d appe>ance 7:i* is m ?an c be said = our safes71 ) peculi> locks requir+ no keys1 & c]ta9 o!r un-,engli% ?+s ab\t !m2 !y are q unsuitable = our m>ket1 & vice v]s our ,briti% safes f9d little sale 9 ,france4 ,safes & o!r receptacles to conta9 gunp[d] & pres]ve x f explosion h rec5tly be5 talk$ ab\t2 & !re is no d\bt t "o result ( su* a calamity z ! late ,reg5t's ,canal explosion w be to exp$ite legislation on ! subject ( ! transit & /orage ( gunp[d] & o!r explosives4 ,x may appe> curi\s t gunp[d] c be pres]v$ f damage by fire ) mu* great] ease ?an su* a sub/ance z p>*m5t1 b ! =m] c only be de/roy$ by be+ 9 contact ) actual fire1 or becom+ subject to a mo/ int5se heat 7ab\t #efj degrees72 :ile a mod]ate heat or exposure to /eam1 su* z is necess>ily g5]at$ by ! fire-pro(+ ( a safe1 (t5 irretrievably damages p>*m5t4 ,a well-made safe1 on ! pr9ciple ( evaporation already describ$1 may be reli$ on to pres]ve gunp[d] f consid]able heat1 b to avoid ! possibility ( flame or sp>ks ent]+ ! space r\nd ! door1 a second safe ( light] make may be plac$ inside ! ord9>y "o4 ,major ,maj5die1 9 a rec5t report to ! ,gov]nm5t on ?is subject1 sugge/s t !re %\ld be public trials by ! v>i\s mak]s1 ( safes1 su* z !y sev]ally ?9k mo/ suitable = ?is special purpose4 ,x rema9s to be se5 if ?is advice w be foll[$1 & if s1 ^u :at pr9ciple ! trials w be conduct$1 & :e!r ! safes or *e/s s te/$ w be precisely ! same z ! mak]s int5d to retail1 or are made specially = ! occasion4 ,x is extremely d\btful if ! ,gov]nm5t w\ld be act+ wisely 9 af=d+ facilities at ! public exp5se = private firms to exp]im5t ) safes ! m]its ( :i* are pretty well kn[n2 b %\ld ! trials take place1 no d\bt ! results w1 9 "s in/ances1 be ( a nature to a/oni% ^? n practically famili> ) ! action ( fire 9 su* cases4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,second-,,h& ,,safes1 ,,etc4 ,9 ! broade/ s5se ( ! t]m !re _c be su* a ?+ z a burgl>-pro( or fire-pro( safe1 b 9 ! usually re/rict$ s5se ( ^! words x is easy to obta9 a safe t comb9es bo? qualities1 provid$ :at is consid]$ to be a good price is paid4 ,b x w be well to beg9 by w>n+ ^? :o hunt aft] s-call$ second-h& safes t a real second-h& "o1 by a good mak]1 is seldom to be obta9$2 also t ! majority ( safes adv]tis$ & sold z g5u9ely second-h&1 & ) :i* a w>ranty is (t5 said to be giv51 are absolutely wor?less1 be+ made by small mak]s 9 ,london & ,birm+ham1 *iefly on purpose to be sold z second-h&1 & con/ruct$ ( ! lighte/ & poore/ mat]ials4 ,! p>ts t are visible ( ^! safes ( c\rse look /rong2 = in/ance1 ! edge ( ! door is sometimes ab\t an in* ?ick1 ?us mak+ x appe> z if ( t ?ickness ?r\gh\t2 :ile ! fact is t ! door is made ( two ?9 %eets ( iron ) a ?ick n>r[ b> all r\nd ! edge1 ?us %[+ app>5t /r5g? :]e !re is none 9 reality1 = no?+ is easi] ?an to drill ?r\gh ?is door & =ce back ! bolts4 ,x is well = ! reputation--su* z x is--( ^! second-h& safes t !y are cov]$ ) pa9t2 ! m ! defects ! nic] ! safe frequ5tly looks1 outw>dly2 = x is easy en\gh to cov] up cracks1 bad jo9ts1 c4 ) putty1 & !n pa9t x all z smoo? z a c>riage-panel4 ,! angle-iron1 by :i* ! plates are fa/5$ toge!r1 is v slight1 ! rivets are small & few & f> betwe52 ! plates !mselves are b %eet-iron1 (t5 ( less ?ickness ?an ! m]e l9+s ( good safes2 & z = ! firepro(+ mat]ial1 x is sometimes ! a%es f ! he>?1 & sometimes g>d5-m\ld4 ,x is a fact t1 at an auction 9 ,scotl&1 :il/ a safe ( ?is description 0 be+ #8put up' z "o ( ! be/ ev] made1 x sudd5ly fell to ! gr\nd1 broke op5 9 ! fall1 & out came ! firepro(+ 9 ! %ape ( fre% g>d5-turf1 ) live worms 9 x4 ,at a deal]'s at ! ,we/ ,end ( ,london1 )9 ! la/ few mon?s1 !re 0 "o ( ^! new second-h& safes1 its out] plates be+ less ?an an eigh? ( an in* ?ick4 ,! safe1 ab\t five feet high1 0 s top-heavy & badly made t ^u be+ t\*$ x rock$ l a jelly1 & _h to be support$ by bo>ds at ! back4 ,su* is a sample ( _m a wret*$ safe b\ght by unsuspect+ & naturally ignorant cu/om]s4 ,z to ! fa/5+ ( su* safes1 ! bolts are two or ?ree 9 numb]1 ?r[n to ! front ( ! door1 :ile at ! back ( ! door are :at are call$ #8dogs1' t is1 immovable bolts1 ( little or no use1 & put 9 m]ely to make ! fa/5+s look /rong]4 ,! h+es1 too1 :i* ought to be well-made & ( ! be/ wr\ght-iron1 are ( ca/-iron1 s t n only does ! movem5t ( ! door quickly we> !m away1 b a %>p bl[ w\ld at once sma% !m 9 pieces4 ,! lock1 :i* is g5]ally us$ z a bait to cat* ! pur*as]1 is frequ5tly ( good make1 b ( a k9d nev] int5d$ = a safe4 ,locks made = wood5 draw]s are con/antly b\ght & us$ = ?is purpose1 al?\gh totally unsuitable1 & 9 spite ( all proce$+s t c be tak5 to prev5t x4 ,nei!r my firm nor any ( ! l>ge safe-manufactur]s make safe-locks = any b safes ( _! own make4 ,a lock = ?is purpose requires to be1 fir/1 v /rong1 & protect$ by h>d /eel1 s z to be drill-pro(2 second1 completely gunp[d]-pro(2 ?ird1 simple 9 con/ruction1 s t x may nev] be liable to d]angem5t4 ,locks on su* safes z we are n[ describ+ are seldom any?+ b ! la/1 & n always t4 ,s weak & poor 9 its con/ruction is ?is mo/ important "p ( mo/ ( ^! safes1 t workm5 ) ! simple/ tools h1 ) ease & )\t noise1 =c$ op5 _m ( !m 9 f five to fifte5 m9utes4 ,! lock mo/ suitable = safes is %[n 9 annex$ engrav+4 ,illu/ration ,x is1 9 %ort1 a mo/ obvi\s tru? to all :o c>e to enquire into ! matt] t ( all *eap ?+s a *eap safe z a g5]al rule is ! mo/ wor?less4 ,e lock or safe mak] ( any repute has1 at "o "t or ano!r1 _h 8 "n us$ unlawfully 9 ord] to deceive pur*as]s ( ^! common safes4 ,my firm has be5 compell$ to br+ ne>ly a doz5 actions 9 cases ( ?is k9d4 ,x _h a case lately 9 :i* a deal] attempt$ twice )9 twelve mon?s 7! second "t 9 defiance ( ! injunction previ\sly grant$ aga9/ him7 to sell mo/ wor?less goods z be+ ,*ubb's pat5t make4 ,i _h ?\ght ( giv+ a few in/ructions to guide a pur*as] ( a second-h& safe1 t he might secure ! be/2 b1 z ,i believe x is a pure wa/e ( money to buy ev5 ! be/ ( ! class allud$ to1 ,i w note :at w assi/ ! pur*as] :o desires a good safe by a good mak]4 ,fir/1 be satisfi$ t ! lock is gunp[d]-pro(1 & cov]$ by "s arrangem5t t w effectually prev5t drills rea*+ x2 !n t ! sp9dle or h&le is made s t x _c be pull$ out or =c$ 94 ,!re ought to be at lea/ ?ree bolts at ! front & ?ree at ! back ( ! door1 proportionate to ! height ( ! safe4 ,! lock-case1 conta9+ lock & bolts1 %\ld be mo/ /rongly fa/5$ to ! door-plate1 :i* ought nev] to be less ?an 94 ?r\gh\t4 ,respect+ ! body or out] plates ( ! safe1 ^! %\ld n be1 9 small] safes1 less ?an 94 ?ick1 :ile 9 safes above #e feet high !y %\ld be at lea/ 94 ,! frame on ! safe 7= ! use & description ( :i* see page #ce7 mu/ be at lea/ #b 94 9 small1 & #d 94 9 l>ge safes4 ,! rivets us$ ought to be no m ?an #c in*es ap>t2 ?is may sometimes be te/$ by scrap+ (f ! pa9t1 :5 ! rivet-heads may be se54 ,att5tion %\ld be paid to ! holes 9 :i* ! bolts g1 = unless ^! are /rong1 a w$ge & cr[b> w\ld te> ! bolts out ( !m )\t difficulty4 ,be sure also t ! firepro(+ is ( ! be/ mat]ial2 & la/ly1 *oose a safe ( ! be/ f9i% 9 e respect4 ,x may be said t not)/&+ ! disp>agem5t ( ! *eap second-h& safes "s ( !m h at times resi/$ burgl>s or pres]v$ _! cont5ts f fire4 ,?is may be true1 b x has be5 ow+ r to ! burgl>s' want ( skill or ! little risk !y ran 9 ! fire4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i c\ld cite doz5s ( in/ances :]e _! wor?lessness has be5 %[n "u real exposure to fire or ! attempts ( burgl>s4 ,a tol]ably correct guide 9 ! pur*ase ( a safe is its weight1 :]e9 ! light plate & ?9 pro(+ cases are sure to betray !mselves4 ,insi/ ^u ! weight be+ /amp$ on ! safe1 & see t x does n deviate l>gely f ! foll[+ in/ances3-- ,94 ,94 ,94 wide high deep ,cwt4 ,a safe #bb #ag #af %\ld weigh ab\t #c 0 #dd #bh #bd 0 0 #aa 0 #dh #ci #be 0 0 #af 7fold+ doors7 0 #fj #ci #bf 0 0 #bc 0 0 0 #hd #dh #cj 0 0 #db 0 0 ,no safes ( ! sizes m5tion$ %\ld weigh less ?an ^! am\nts2 b safes l9$ ) /eel1 & made /rong] ?an usual 9 o!r ways1 w1 ( c\rse1 be v mu* heavi]4 ,x is s easy = a safe to be made t w deceive any b an exp]i5c$ eye1 & :5 "o is b\ght x is s requisite t x %\ld be "o to be tru/$ 91 t if only = ! sake ( peace ( m9d x is advisable to pur*ase f "o ( ^? firms ^: reputations dep5d ^u ! quality ( _! "w1 & ^: "n is a gu>antee t ! safe is a safe4 ,a gu>antee is a capital ?+ to bait a hook ) 9 mo/ trades1 b x is a d\btful advantage at ! be/1 = if an article is n good en\gh to /& ^u its own m]its a gu>antee _c improve x2 & to say broadly1 #8,oh1 yes1 we gu>antee ?is to be fire & ?ief pro(1' is to w>rant a safe to )/& any am\nt ( fire & any numb] ( burgl>s4 ,!re obvi\sly mu/ be a limit to ! endurance ( safes2 !re=e a gu>antee is z obvi\sly an absurdity1 & ought n to be bl9dly believ$ 94 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,/rong-,,rooms4 ,9 ! plann+ & con/ruction ( a /rong-room x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! object s\ght is to obta9 a place secure aga9/ bo? ! attack ( ?ieves & ! ravages ( fire4 ,!re are _m cases1 h[ev]1 :]e ! latt] is ! *ief object2 & z ! atta9m5t ( ?is is m difficult ?an ! =m]1 x w necess>ily come be=e u m prom95tly4 ,9 _m respects ?is subject is ! mo/ important 9 ?is treatise1 & x is "o conc]n+ :i* !re is a great am\nt ( ignorance4 ,be>+ 9 m9d ! rapid spread ( bank+ & o!r bus9esses requir+ ! security a good /rong-room af=ds1 x w be my object to %[ ! faults ( _m con/ructions n[ reli$ ^u1 & to sugge/ ! simple ways by :i* !y may be avoid$4 ,build+ a s+le /rong-room is a v diff]5t matt] f erect+ a firepro( build+2 ! latt] is a l>g] & m difficult "q1 :i* w be notic$ by itself2 b ! room t is to be made secure may be & g5]ally is "p ( a build+ ) no pret5sions to special safety aga9/ fire or ?ieves4 ,n[1 ! fir/ ?+ to consid] is ! position be/ adapt$ 9 any bank1 mansion1 or w>eh\se = plac+ ! m valuable "p ( its cont5ts4 ,!re may be c]ta9 p>ts :i* seem mo/ conv5i5t = access or o!r reasons1 b su* consid]ations ought nev] to be tak5 fir/1 especially z ! be/ place happ5s to be (t5 r inconv5i5t4 ,! basem5t is und\bt$ly ! "r position2 any "p ( ! basem5t w d1 b a room on ! gr\nd or fir/ floor has at once a s\rce ( weakness 9 itself1 = x has to dep5d = support on :at is n a /rong-room4 ,let "s spot be *os5 9 ! basem5t :]e1 if possible1 ! room w h none ( its walls adjo9+ any o!r build+s4 ,%\ld x be next to a /reet or ?or\ghf>e1 x w n matt]2 b x %\ld n adjo9 a c\rt or area1 :]e burgl>s might h an opportunity ( work+ unobs]v$4 ,x w\ld und\bt$ly be an excell5t precaution to build all ! walls q di/9ct f ! ma9 walls ( ! l>g] /ructure1 b ?is is n absolutely necess>y1 & ! extra exp5se is a drawback to x1 ?\gh ,i w\ld give a caution aga9/ false economy 9 su* a matt] z ?is4 ,any position likely to be damp %\ld be avoid$2 b if ?is is n possible e precaution %\ld be tak5 to rem$y ! evil1 = ! tr\ble caus$ by damp :5 once x has got into a clos$ room ( ?is k9d is endless4 ,a few air-bricks connect+ ! inside by a holl[ flue =m$ 9 ! wall1 ) its outlet z f> z possible f ! inlet1 %\ld be suffici5t to v5tilate any /rong-vault4 ,b if o!r v5tilation is necess>y 9 ! room1 h a jet ( gas always alight2 & ov] ! gas place a bell-%ap$ cov]+ communicat+ ) ! out] air1 or ) a *imney flue 9 pref]5ce1 by a two-in* iron pipe4 ,9 excavat+ = ! f\ndations1 if ! subsoil & ! situation are n well kn[n1 x is important to see t !re is no dra9 or pipe ( any sort "u ! surface1 & t ! gr\nd is /iff en\gh = ! heavy weight t w be on x4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important p>ts ( a /rong-room is ! floor1 al?\gh !re is a popul> delusion t because x is ! floor x is q secure )\t any protection4 ,a circum/ance %[+ ! necessity ( be+ c>eful to make ! floor /rong occurr$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ye> #ahfe1 at ,hong ,kong4 ,! ,c5tral ,bank ( ,we/]n ,india1 situat$ !re1 _h a /rong-room = its securities1 b un=tunately ! def5ce ( ! floor seems to h be5 =gott54 ,accord+ly "s ?ieves comm5c$ to make a tunnel f a neighb\r+ h\se1 & aft] consid]able lab\r obta9$ entrance ?r\gh ! floor & c>ri$ (f plund] to ! am\nt ( fifty ?\s& p\nds4 ,! affair 0 manag$ dur+ ,saturday & ,sunday by means ( ?is tunnel dug betwe5 a dra9 & ! floor ( ! treasury1 a horizontal di/ance ( sixty feet4 ,a ,new ,york bank 0 also ent]$ 9 a simil> mann]1 ?r\gh an excavation :i* mu/ h tak5 two or ?ree weeks to make4 ,al?\gh su* approa*es may occupy "s "t1 !y c be c>ri$ on unnotic$ until ! removal ( a /one 9 ! floor is at la/ only ! "w ( a few m9utes4 ,= ! floor to be secure1 x %\ld c]ta9ly be =m$ ( half-in* boil]-plates rebat$ & fa/5$ toge!r1 laid ^u a good ?ickness ( brick & cem5t4 ,/one has be5 con/antly recomm5d$ & us$ = floor+1 b x is n advisable2 !re ought n to be any /one 9 a /rong-room except = ! sill & l9tel ( ! doorway1 :]e x is almo/ necess>y4 ,! walls mu/ be at lea/ f\rte5 in*es ?ick1 brick & cem5t1 & !re ought to be ! boil]-plate l9+ inside wall & ro( to correspond ) ! floor4 ,! ro( mu/ be brick-ar*$1 & ! ar*es %\ld be made 9 ! /ronge/ possible way1 9 ord] to resi/ if necess>y ! weight ( a great portion ( ! build+ above fall+ on !m4 ,if ! span _c be f "o wall to ano!r1 !n a wr\ght-iron gird] may be introduc$1 b %\ld be mo/ c>efully cov]$ by cem5t or pla/] at e expos$ "p4 ,on no acc\nt use a ca/-iron gird]4 ,! entrance to ! room has to be well protect$1 = x is "h t attack is to be expect$ f ?ieves1 & t fire might possibly creep ?r\gh4 ,! be/ plan is to use a fire-resi/+ door & gate jo9$ toge!r2 ! door be+ flu% ) ! outside ( entrance & op5+ out1 ! gate flu% ) ! inside1 & op5+ inw>ds2 z a g5]al rule ! door only is us$1 b ! addition ( a gate n only gives extra security1 b all[s ! door to /& op5 9 ! daytime to v5tilate ! room1 :5 o!r op5+s = v5tilation are impossible or undesirable4 ,!re c]ta9ly %\ld n be any o!r direct op5+ besides ! doorway ei!r = light or air4 ,light is1 ,i "k1 frequ5tly desirable1 b if x is obta9$ ?r\gh a w9d[ or skylight ! /r5g? ( ! room is less5$1 ev5 if ^! op5+s h /rong iron %utt]s4 ,if gas is to be introduc$ ! pipes mu/ be laid on ) c>e2 x is be/ to h no pipe inside1 b a sw+ bracket outside ! entrance1 :i*1 :5 ! door is op51 c be swung ?r\gh ! op5+ & ?us light up ! int]ior4 ,fix$ lamps may be us$1 b !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( risk--?\gh x is small--( _! be+ =gott51 & ( sp>ks f !m ignit+ loose pap]s4 ,x w foll[ f ?is t no /ove or fireplace %\ld be us$ inside a /rong-room2 = if !re is a flue a s\rce ( weakness is introduc$1 besides ! cont5ts ( ! room be+ liable to damage f fire4 ,b ! fix+ ( ! door is an important & hi!rto mu*-neglect$ po9t4 ,! annex$ draw+ %[s almo/ at a glance ! prop] mode ( do+ ?is3-- ,illu/ration ,i h tak5 x = grant$ t x is und]/ood iron doors are made ) a frame surr\nd+ !m ( b>-iron1 to :i* ! h+es ( ! door hang1 & ! corn]s ( :i* project1 to give great] /r5g?4 ,n[1 if ?is door & frame be fix$ :ile a build+ is 9 progress1 ! locks & bolts are expos$ to injury f dirt & damp1 & ! frame is liable to be ?r[n out ( position by settlem5t ( ! wall4 ,x is1 !re=e1 bett] to leave su* an op5+ z %[n 9 ! engrav+ suffici5tly l>ge = ! int5d$ door-frame1 too!d at ! sides1 & hav+ an ar* above x4 ,! door c !n be fix$ :5 ! build+ is ne>ly ready = occupation1 ! surplus op5+ be+ fill$ ) brickwork4 ,! draw+ %[s a /one sill1 & x is usual1 ?\gh n necess>y1 to fix a /one l9tel ov] ! top ( ! door1 z %[n by dott$ l9es2 or ! ar* may all be fill$ ) brickwork4 ,! bottom ( ! frame %\ld be groov$ ab\t two-?irds ( its ?ickness into ! sill1 leav+ en\gh room = ! door to op5 cle> ( ! floor-level2 or if x be wi%$ to let ! bottom frame entirely 91 ! same end may be obta9$ by slightly slop+ away ! floor outside x4 ,! top & sides ( ! frame %\ld be rebat$ into ! head-/one 7or brick7 & jambs ! :ole ( _! ?ickness1 s t ! inside ( ! wall-op5+ may be flu% ) ! inside ( ! frame4 ,! door mu/ be plac$ level & upright 9 ! position prep>$ = x1 & tempor>ily support$ !re2 x %\ld be receiv$ f ! mak]s lock$1 & mu/ h its brass furniture fix$1 & be unlock$ by ! key be=e attempt+ to turn ! h&le ( ! ma9 bolts4 ,if aft] unlock+ x !re is any difficulty 9 turn+ ! bolts back ) ! h&le1 no great =ce %\ld be us$1 b ! position ( ! frame mu/ be adju/$ until ! bolts move easily & ! door op5s )\t b9d+ any:]e4 ,9 case ( any su* difficulty1 a little w$g+ up ( ! top arm aga9/ ! %utt+ side ( ! door 7m>k$ ,a 9 draw+71 w usually remove x4 ,try ! door ) a _s-level appli$ to ?ree p>ts1 viz43 #a4 ,! face or edge ( frame 7"r & left sides71 ) door %ut4 #b4 ,! inside %utt+ edge ( frame1 ) door p>tly op54 #c4 ,! inside ( bottom ( frame2 & adju/ until ! bolts "w prop]ly4 ,x %\ld !n be fix$ 9 ?is position1 tak+ c>e n to =ce ! sides ( ! frame inw>ds :ile s do+4 ,dur+ ! fix+1 ! op5+ & %utt+ ( ! door %\ld be tri$ frequ5tly4 ,z cem5t swells 9 sett+1 x is possible a door-frame :i* appe>s to be prop]ly set may aft]w>ds be f\nd bulg$ or b\nd :5 dry4 ,?is %\ld1 !re=e1 be gu>d$ aga9/ by wood /ruts plac$ across ! inside ( ! frame4 ,on no acc\nt mu/ a frame be fix$ )\t its door1 b always ) ! door hung & op51 9 accordance ) ! =ego+ directions4 ,z ! keys are n requir$ by ! workm5 aft] ! door is unlock$ be=e fix+1 !y %\ld be kept by ! own]1 le/ by be+ left ab\t !y may be mislaid or wrongfully us$4 ,a /rong-room door ( ord9>y quality %\ld h ! out] plate or in* ?ick1 ) ! lock-case & firepro(+-case 9 addition2 & at lea/ six bolts1 ?ree at front & ?ree at back2 ! frame ( a /r5g? proportionate to ! size & weight ( ! door1 & ) arms & lugs project+1 to build into ! wall4 ,! int]ior fitt+s ( ! room are ( c\rse det]m9$ by ! requirem5ts ( ! own]4 ,if !re is mu* %elv+ x may be ( p]=at$ metal or m]e /rips ( iron = boxes to re/ on1 s z to all[ ( free circulation ( air4 ,= p>ticul>ly valuable articles or docum5ts a safe ei!r small or to take to pieces may be introduc$1 z is usually done by bank]s4 ,i give a plan ( a fir/-class /rong-room1 :i* = all practical purposes is secure1 & comb9es /r5g? ) economy 9 con/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,,( ,,/rong-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/rong-,,room--,,section ,,on ,,l9e ,,aa4 ,! side & back walls are ab\t #b ft4 ?ick1 9 h>d brick laid 9 cem5t4 ,at #i in*es f ! inside ( wall is a cont9u\s r\gh iron grat+ ( v]tical b>s1 built 9 z a "p ( ! solid wall4 ,hoop-iron is us$ 9 ! horizontal c\rses4 ,! entrance wall is #b ft4 ?ick1 b 9 o!r respects simil> to ! side walls4 ,! ro( is =m$ ( a brick ar* #ah in*es ?ick1 ) curv$ b>s 9 ! c5tre2 & is cov]$ ) a lay] ( concrete4 ,! floor is brick & concrete z %[n2 ) a lay] ( asphalte on ! surface4 ,at ! entrance to ! room is a /eel door ( great /r5g?1 ) two locks ?r[+ #ab bolts1 & ) a fire-resi/+ *amb]4 ,next to ?is is a pair ( iron fold+-doors1 n firepro(2 :i*1 :5 op51 lie )9 ! ?ickness ( ! wall4 ,!re is next a wr\ght-iron gate op5+ inw>ds2 ! frames ( ! doors & gate be+ all connect$ by wr\ght-iron plates4 ,9 ! room itself1 at ! fur!r end1 is a fire-resi/+ iron & /eel /rong-room2 & ! space 9 front ( x 7sides1 ro( & floor7 is l9$ ) -in* iron plate1 plac$ a slight di/ance f ! wall to all[ ( an air-space betwe54 ,! fitt+s are ( iron2 %elves on "o side & cupbo>ds on ! o!r4 ,! co/ ( su* a room complete1 ( ! be/ mat]ials & highe/ f9i% 7includ+ brickwork71 w\ld be ab\t #acjjl4 ,! foll[+ is a cond5s$ description ( a /rongroom con/ruct$ a few ye>s ago = a ,london bank1 & :i* might s]ve z a model = o!rs4 ,! walls1 two feet ?ick1 are =m$ ( h>d bricks laid 9 cem5t1 ) hoop-iron work$ 94 ,! room is l9$ ?r\gh\t ) wr\ght-iron1 in* ?ick4 ,!re are two doors1 ! out] "o a /rong iron "o1 ) two locks2 & ! inn] "o ( comb9$ iron & /eel1 ( extraord9>y /r5g?1 ) two locks ?r[+ t5 bolts4 ,a safe plac$ inside1 weigh+ eight tons1 & hav+ tw5ty bolts1 conta9s ! ca% & securities4 ,an al>um 9 ! resid5t cl]k's b$room is atta*$ to ! inside ( ! /rong-room1 s t if ! out] door be op5$ a gong is set go+4 ,a port] sleeps on a b$ 9 front ( ! out] door1 & by pull+ a h&le he c set ! al>um (f if necess>y2 & !re is a wat*man always on duty4 ,) su* a room z ?is1 situat$ 9 a build+ con/antly & c>efully wat*$ by tru/wor?y s]vants1 robb]y is made practically impossible4 ,z an in/ance ( :at peculi> inv5tions are sometimes br\ght out1 ,i annex a description ( ,mc,neill's ,pat5t ,safe1 :i* seems to be a sort ( float+ /rongroom = ! pres]vation ( mails1 specie1 & o!r valuables dur+ transit on %ipbo>d f %ipwreck1 fire1 & !ft2 b x w be se5 to be r a curi\s contrivance1 & h>dly capable ( g5]al adaptation1 to say ! lea/4 ,! object ( ! inv5tion1 x is /at$1 is to meet a want :i* has long be5 felt1 viz41 ! safety ( mails1 specie1 c4 on bo>d vessels at sea4 ,by ! ord9>y sy/em ( c>ry+ ^!1 ! public h _h to put up ) ! inconv5i5ce ( occasionally los+ or receiv+ 9 a damag$ /ate _! lett]s & despat*es1 & und]writ]s h _h to pay l>ge sums on ! total or p>tial losses occasion$ by ! wreck or burn+ ( vessels conta9+ l>ge am\nts ( specie4 ,! safe is con/ruct$ ( /eel or iron plat+1 l9$ ) wood1 leav+ a space1 :i* is fill$ ) fire-resi/+ composition1 ( a rectangul> =m & dim5sions suit$ to ! position 9 :i* x is plac$--say betwe5 decks ( a vessel--& is plac$ inside a /eel or iron case atta*$ to ! ma9 deck1 & runn+ up ?r\gh ! upp] deck1 =m+ a hat*way l>ge en\gh to admit ! safe to pass ?r\gh1 be+ held 9 position by guides fix$ at v]tical angles1 =m+ slides4 ,! door ( ! safe is suppos$ to be bo? wat]-tight & firepro(4 ,:5 ! safe is plac$ )9 its case1 ! upp] "p ( :i* =ms a hat*way1 x may be cov]$ ei!r ) an ord9>y hat*-cov] or a deck-h\se correspond+ ) o!r h\ses on deck1 & secur$ d[n ) hook-bolts fix$ to ! sills ( ! hat*-cov] or h\se1 & engag+ into eyes rivett$ into ! sides ( ! case or hat*way4 ,! hook-bolts are connect$ by iron b>s1 & communicate ) a /rong cross-b>1 to :i* is atta*$ a p[]ful lev] plac$ close to ! top ( ! safe4 ,9 ! ev5t ( f\nd]+1 z soon z ! wat] inside ! vessel rea*es ! upp] deck x w fl[ into ! case ?r\gh holes provid$ = t purpose2 ! safe w asc5d ! slides1 =c+ up ! lev]1 :i* w dis5gage all ! fa/5+s ( ! hat*-cov] or h\se1 & p]mit ! safe to lift x (f1 & float away cle> ( ! vessel z %e s9ks4 ,/rong r+bolts are provid$ on ! top ( ! safe = lift+ x 9 & out ( ! case2 also = t[+ or lift+ on bo>d any vessel f9d+ x adrift4 ,! boats ( ! sunk5 vessel may be made fa/ to ! float+ safe1 :i* w s]ve z a buoy1 keep+ !m altoge!r ) _! heads to ! sea1 ) a mu* bett] prospect ( be+ se5 & pick$ up by a pass+ vessel ?an if scatt]$ ov] ! ocean4 ,! "n ( ! vessel to :i* x belongs pa9t$ on ! door ( ! safe w\ld lead to its re/oration to ! prop] qu>t]4 ,i am n aw>e t ?is peculi> inv5tion has ev] be5 c>ri$ out1 b ! idea :i* probably gave rise to x is "o t has nev] be5 ?or\ghly solv$4 ,ocean-go+ mail-/eam]s1 z a rule1 cont9ue to c>ry enorm\s sums ( bullion 9 su* a way t if ! vessel is wreck$ 7z is too (t5 ! case n[-a-days7 ! money is scatt]$ & lo/4 ,! plan ( mak+ a small s-call$ /rong-room by p>tition+ (f a "p ( ! vessel1 is op5 to _m objections1 & is f> inf]ior to ! practice ( hav+ /rong iron safes1 :i* c be recov]$ if ! vessel %\ld be lo/ 9 comp>atively %all[ wat]4 ,:5 ! t]rible wreck ( ! #8,royal ,*>t]' occurr$ !re 0 a l>ge quantity ( specie on bo>d1 & all t _h be5 deposit$ 9 a safe 0 recov]$ un9jur$ by ! div]s _m weeks aft]1 :ile ! loose money 0 scatt]$4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,firepro( ,,build+s4 ,i4 ,g5]al ,con/ruction4 ,:5 su* build+s z ! ,city ,fl\r ,mills & ! ,pante*nicon--types ( _m o!r & simil> /ructures 9 ,london & ! prov9ces--are burnt out1 9 spite ( _! suppos$ firepro( qualities1 x becomes a "q ( la/+ importance z to :at is ! cause ( failure1 & :e!r any s-call$ firepro( build+s are really s or n4 ,! panic caus$ 9 _m m9ds by ! newspap] reports ( su* disa/]s la/s b a %ort "t1 & ! true lessons are seldom le>nt4 ,) ! object1 !re=e1 ( endeav\r+ to place c]ta9 facts & sugge/ions on p]man5t record1 ,i h collect$ f _m s\rces v>i\s p>ticul>s connect$ ) ?is subject--s intimately connect$ ) ! manufacture ( fire-pro( receptacles4 ,mu* t has be5 writt5 on firepro( con/ruction is ( little value1 because ! practical be>+s ( ! subject h be5 lo/ sight (1 & !ories ( con/ruction are broa*$ t may be good 9 !mselves b _c be br\ght into use1 because ( exp5se & o!r inconv5i5ces4 ,i rememb]1 = in/ance1 "s g5tleman recomm5d$ t e room ( a build+ %\ld h floor1 walls1 & ro( l9$ ) galvanis$ tanks ( wat]1 connect$ by an elaborate sy/em ( pipes & s on--n at all a bad idea1 b utt]ly impracticable = bus9ess purposes4 ,ano!r sugge/ion 0 t !re mu/ be no w9d[s 9 a build+1 z ?r\gh !m a draught passes to increase fire4 ,b 9 ^! in/ances1 z 9 _m o!rs1 ! ma9 fact is =gott51 viz41 t :at is want$ is ! be/ possible mode ( mak+ a firepro( /ructure t is also adapt$ = ord9>y bus9ess purposes4 ,?is is :at ,i take to be ! po9t4 ,cases :]e exceptional security f fire is ne$$ seldom occur & are m easily met4 ,deal+1 !re=e1 ) an ord9>y w>eh\se1 :i* is to be a firepro( build+1 x %\ld be rememb]$ t its fire-resi/+ qualities are det]m9$ n only by ! mat]ials ( ! actual /ructure1 b also by its int]ior fitt+s1 &1 above all1 by ! goods /or$ or manufacture c>ri$ on 9 ! place4 ,a h\se ( brick only obvi\sly w n burn1 b fill x ) clo? or cotton goods1 & ! h\se z well z ! goods may be de/roy$4 ,no h>d-&-fa/ l9e c1 !re=e1 be laid d[n1 = e case may be diff]5t4 ,i w endeav\r to notice ! risks ( build+s commonly erect$ & ! rem$ies = ea*--a comb9ation ( :i* rem$ies w make a good fire-resi/+ /ructure4 ,among ! num]\s books & pap]s on fires to :i* ,i h be5 able to ref] ,i h f\nd no in=mation s cle>1 precise1 & practical z t to be _h f ! late ,mr4 ,braidwood's#c pap]1 read be=e ! ,society ( ,arts 9 #ahef1 & ! excell5t book entitl$ #8,fire ,surveys1' by ,capta9 ,%aw1 ! pres5t ,*ief ( ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade4 ,mr4 ,braidwood laid d[n c]ta9 rules1 :i* h nev] be5 improv$ ^u2 :ile bo? he & ,capt4 ,%aw express views s alike1 & ) ! confid5ce ( m5 :o h ga9$ _! exp]i5ce f actual results1 t x seems bett] to be guid$ by !m ?an by all o!r writ]s put toge!r4 ,n t ,i w\ld disp>age ^! latt]1 = x is well kn[n t !re are ar*itects & o!rs :o h contribut$ mu* to ! solution ( ! my/]y :i* 0 s long atta*$ to firepro( build+4 ,mr4 ,braidwood gives a comp>ison to demon/rate t :at w\ld be safe con/ruction = "o build+ w\ld n be = ano!r4 ,he says3 #8,suppos+ an av]age-siz$ dwell+-h\se1 #bjdjejdj1jjj cubic feet1 built ) brick p>titions1 /one or slate /airs1 wr\ght-iron joi/s fill$ 9 ) concrete1 & ! :ole well pla/]$4 ,su* a h\se w be practically firepro(1 because !re is no probability t ! floor+ 9 any "o room w\ld make fire en\gh to communicate to ano!r4 ,b suppose a w>eh\se equal to tw5ty su* h\ses1 ) floors completely op51 support$ by ca/-iron pill>s1 & ea* floor communicat+ ) ! o!rs by op5 /aircases & wells2 suppose f>!r t x is half-fill$ ) combu/ible goods1 & p]haps ! walls & ceil+s l9$ ) wood4 ,n[1 if a fire takes place bel[1 ! mom5t x bur/s ?r\gh ! upp] w9d[s or skylights ! :ole place becomes an imm5se bla/-furnace2 ! iron is melt$1 & 9 a comp>atively %ort "t ! build+ is 9 ru9s2 &1 x may be1 ! half ( ! neighb\rhood de/roy$4' ,su* a w>eh\se1 z "h describ$1 is ! type ( _m n[ 9 exi/5ce1 & yet p wond] h[ !y c burn4 ,! wond] is r :y s few are burnt2 & "o explanation is1 t ! majority are sc>cely us$ :5 gas & lamps are requir$1 ! h\rs :5 ! workpeople & cl]ks are ab\t hav+ be5 s mu* re/rict$ t = at lea/ a great "p ( ! ye> ! "w does n ext5d beyond daylight4 ,:5 a fire has once got hold ( a w>eh\se1 unless x is built 9 comp>tm5ts1 ! firem5 c d no?+ b prev5t its spread+ to adjo9+ erections2 &1 z ?is _c always be done successfully1 a badly-built w>eh\se is likely to br+ disa/] ^u its neighb\rs4 ,b a build+ may be built to give security2 & ,mr4 ,braidwood's op9ion 0 #8t ! real firepro( con/ruction = su* build+s is brick ar*es1 support$ on brick pill>s only4' ,?is mode ( build+1 h[ev]1 involves s mu* exp5se1 & occupies s mu* space1 t x _c be us$ ) advantage4 ,! next be/ plan is to build w>eh\ses 9 comp>tm5ts ( mod]ate size1 divid$ by p>ty walls & d\ble wr\ght-iron doors1 s t if "o ( ^! comp>tm5ts takes fire !re may be a reasonable prospect ( conf9+ ! fire to t comp>tm5t only4 ,ca/-iron is l>gely us$ 9 build+ because ( its *eapness2 b x is exce$+ly dang]\s1 = x gives way f s _m diff]5t causes t x is impossible to calculate :5 x w give way4 ,! ca/+s may h flaws 9 !m1 or !y may be too weak = ! weight !y may h to support1 be+ sometimes )9 t5 p] c5t4 or less ( ! break+ weight4 ,! expansion ( gird]s may ?ru/ out ! side-walls4 ,= in/ance1 9 a w>eh\se #abj ft4 #ge #hj ft4 !re are ?ree contigu\s r[s ( gird]s on ea* floor1 ) butt-jo9ts2 ! expansion 9 ?is case may be #ab in*es4 ,! tie-rods to take ! /ra9 ( ! flat ar*es mu/ exp& & become useless1 & ! :ole ( ! lat]al /ra9 be ?r[n on ! gird]s & side-walls1 p]haps weak en\gh already4 ,aga91 ?r[+ cold wat] on ! heat$ iron may cause an imm$iate fracture4 ,= ^! & simil> reasons ! firem5 are n p]mitt$ to g into w>eh\ses support$ by iron :5 once fairly on fire4 ,! effect ( fire on ca/-iron1 z /at$ by ! late ,sir ,william ,fairbairn1 ,f4,r4,s41 ( ,man*e/] 7,sev5? ,report ( ! ,briti% ,association1 vol4 vi4 p4 #dji71 is1 t ! loss ( /r5g? 9 cold-bla/ ca/-iron1 9 a v>iation ( temp]ature f #bf to #aij #afd ,fahr41 is #aj p] c5t41 & 9 hot-bla/ at ! v>iation ( f #ba to #afi ,fahr4 is #ae p] c5t4 ,n[1 if ! loss ( /r5g? advances 9 any?+ l ?is ratio ! iron w be totally useless z a support long be=e ! fus+-po9t is atta9$4 ,respect+ ! /r5g? ( ca/-iron columns "h allud$ to1 ,i may /ate t ,capt4 ,%aw says3 #8,at a temp]ature ( #bab ,fahr41 or ! boil+-po9t ( wat]1 ca/-iron loses #ae p] c5t4 ( its /r5g?4 ,at ! temp]ature ( molt5 lead1 #fab ,fahr41 x has probably no /r5g? at all2 & at ! temp]ature #b1ghg ,fahr41 :i* is probably mu* bel[ t ( ! c5tre ( a l>ge build+1 x becomes liquid4' ,a v cle> pro( ( ! inability ( ca/-iron to resi/ ! effects ( fire 0 giv5 at ! de/ruction ( a *apel 9 ! ,liv]pool ,road1 ,isl+ton1 on ,oct4 #b1 #ahdh4 ,! *apel 0 #gj feet 9 l5g? & #eb feet 9 bread?1 & 0 completely burn$ d[n by a fire :i* comm5c$ 9 a cell>4 ,aft] ! fire x 0 asc]ta9$ t ( ?irte5 ca/-iron pill>s1 us$ to support ! gall]ies1 only two rema9$ p]fect2 ! great] "p ( ! o!rs 7 brok5 into small pieces1 ! metal appe>+ to h lo/ all p[] ( cohesion1 & "s p>ts 7 melt$4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ^! pill>s 7 ( ample /r5g? to support ! gall]ies :5 fill$ by ! congregation1 b :5 ! fire rea*$ a c]ta9 po9t ! pill>s crumbl$ "u ! weight ( ! timb] only1 light5$ z x mu/ h be5 by ! progress ( ! fire4 ,9 spite ( su* a case z ?is1 :i* is b an example ( :at has (t5 happ5$ to o!r build+s1 ca/-iron cont9ues to be us$ n only = ord9>y purposes b actually = s-call$ firepro( build+s4 ,x may safely be ass]t$ t no place 9 :i* !re are unprotect$ iron-supports c possibly be firepro(2 & if ?is te/ is appli$ to _m erections ?\ght to be secure1 x w soon be se5 h[ few !re are t c be reli$ ^u to )/& excessive heat4 ,! reckless mode ( runn+ up h\ses1 z speculative build]s appe> to delight 9 do+1 & support+ ! front on light columns1 is a mo/ dang]\s proce$+4 ,capt4 ,%aw has cit$ a case ( a corn] build+ lately put up1 #ij ft4 long & #gj to #hj ft4 high1 support$ entirely on iron columns1 )\t any wall1 wood1 or brickwork4 ,!re is no d\bt t at ! ord9>y fire temp]ature ( #fjj to #gjj ,fahr4 ! :ole build+ mu/ inevitably fall d[n1 & su* a heat c\ld easily be creat$ by ! combu/ion ( a v small quantity ( h\sehold furniture4 ,! fa%ion ( hav+ all ! available space = l>ge %op-fronts gives rise to ?is dang]\s "w4 ,mo/ ( ! elaborate %ops & (fices lately built 9 ,london dep5d entirely ^u iron supports2 & "s day1 :5 a fe>ful accid5t is ! result1 ! public w appreciate ! dang]4 ,9 ! e>ly "p ( ?is ye> l>ge corn] premises 7 built n f> f ! ,elephant & ,ca/le1 9 ! ,s\? ( ,london1 & ,i wat*$ _! erection ) "s int]e/4 ,! h\se ( f\r /oreys 0 run up 7a bett] t]m ?an built7 9 a mon?4 ,! corn] angle is support$ by two ?9 iron columns1 & betwe5 ^! & ! o!r ends ( ! build+ are two wood5 po/s1 b ! weight *iefly re/s ^u ! iron columns1 :i* are mo/ c]ta9ly unable to su/a9 ! tons ( brickwork above x 9 case ( sev]e fire4 ,z long z ar*itects & build]s & _! employ]s give up security = ! sake ( economy & space1 ?is sort ( "w w cont9ue to be put up1 unless int]f]$ ) by a new ,build+ ,act4 ,:at ought1 !n1 to be us$ = supports8 ,if ! brick columns are inadmissible1 !n1 /range to say1 wood po/s are ! be/1 or an iron support1 well protect$ by brickwork1 cem5t1 or pla/]4 ,! fact is1 ?\gh iron is incombu/ible1 x is itself n firepro(2 &1 on ! o!r h&1 ?\gh wood is combu/ible1 x may be us$ 9 su* a mann] z to resi/ fire = a great l5g? ( "t4 ,capt4 ,%aw's rec5t exp]im5ts ) a wood5 po/ _h su* an extraord9>y result t1 ) 8 p]mission1 ,i app5d ! p>ticul>s1 f a lett] ( 8 ins]t$ 9 #8,! ,times'3-- #8,a few mon?s s9ce a fire occurr$ 9 "o ( ! enorm\s w>eh\ses = :i* ! docks 9 ?is metropolis are rem>kable1 & rag$ ) great fury f a little be=e six 9 ! morn+ till ab\t elev5 9 ! =5oon1 :5 x 0 ext+ui%$1 & a v l>ge proportion ( ! build+ & its cont5ts sav$4 ,! w>eh\se 0 con/ruct$ ( brick walls2 x _h wood5 floors1 support$ on wood5 beams1 :i*1 9 _! turn1 7 c>ri$ on wood5 /orey-po/s ab\t twelve in*es ?ick2 & al?\gh s]i\s damage 0 done1 n "o portion ( ! heavy woodwork 0 de/roy$4 ,aft] ! fire ,i 0 all[$ to remove "o ( ! /orey-po/s1 ) a section ( ! beams1 & o!r p>ts surr\nd+ x above & bel[4 ,?is po/ _h be5 subject$ to ! full action ( ! fire dur+ ! :ole ( its duration1 z already m5tion$2 or1 mak+ full all[ance = ev]y?+1 includ+ ! delay ( ! fire attack+ ! p>ticul> spot on :i* x /ood1 & ! "t at :i* ! cool+ process comm5c$1 c]ta9ly n less ?an #d h\rs4 #8,z we _h us$ l>ge quantities ( wat]1 & x 0 probable t ! wood might h be5 some:at saturat$1 ,i _h x c>efully dri$ = sev]al days be=e a /rong fire until n a trace ( moi/ure rema9$ 9 x4 #8,i !n set x on end 9 an op5 y>d exactly z x _h /ood 9 ! w>eh\se1 ) ! p$e/al und]nea?1 ! cap above1 & ! beam across ! cap2 plac$ m ?an a ton ( %av+s1 light wood & heavy wood1 r\nd x1 & aft] saturat+ ! :ole heap ) petroleum appli$ a light to x4 ,aft] ?is ,i kept m5 pump+ petroleum on x until my /ock 0 exhau/$4 ,at ! end ( #b h\rs ,i )drew ! po/1 beam1 & o!r p>ts f ! fire1 & )9 a few m9utes f ! "t !y 7 )drawn !y ceas$ to burn4 #8,i !n saw$ (f1 horizontally1 a few feet ( t "p :i* _h suff]$ mo/ f ! flames1 & aft]w>ds split ! same piece longitud9ally ) /eel w$ges1 9 ord] to exam9e its condition4 #8,! po/ 0 ( pit*-p9e1 ab\t ! mo/ inflammable wood ,i "k1 & yet aft] exposure to fire = sev5 h\rs1 ! fury ( :i* c\ld n be exce$$ except 9 bla/-furnaces1 x conta9$1 & /ill conta9s )9 x1 a quantity ( un9jur$ & app>5tly fre% wood1 probably capable at ?is mom5t ( support+ ! :ole weight :i* ! orig9al po/ may h be5 design$ to c>ry4 #8,imm$iately aft] ! saw-cut1 & aga9 aft] ! cleav+ ) /eel w$ges1 ,i c>efully exam9$ ! c5tre1 & f\nd x j p]ceptibly w>m to ! t\*1 b no?+ m1 ?us prov+ t ! fibre1 9 :i* ! /r5g? lies1 mu/ h be5 q un9jur$4 #8,! lessons to be drawn f ?is ,i take to be z foll[s3 ,a massive /orey-po/ ( ev5 ! mo/ inflammable wood is absolutely & p]fectly pro( aga9/ any heat t c be appli$ to x--w n ( itself burn at all1 b requires a cont9ual supply ( highly inflammable sub/ance to keep x burn+1 & :5 ! supply is )drawn ceases to burn2 & la/ly1 aft] be+ expos$ to flames = sev5 h\rs ( v great int5sity1 is n injur$ to a great] dep? ?an ab\t two in*es f ! orig9al out] surface1 & /ill %[s a c5tre z clean & fre% z :5 x 0 fir/ put 94 #8,!re may be o!r mat]ials suitable = ?is purpose :i* are capable ( resi/+ ! effects ( heat1 &1 if s1 ,i hope we may "o day he> ( !m2 b1 9 ! mean:ile1 ,i v5ture to submit :at ,i consid] to be /rong practical te/imony 9 fav\r ( massive timb] = ! int]nal supports ( heavily-load$ build+s4 ,oak or elm is ! be/ wood to use1 & w defy de/ruction = h\rs4' ,messrs4 ,d5nett1 ^: "n is bett] kn[n 9 connection ) ! ,d5nett ,ar*1 h introduc$ a new mode ( cov]+ up iron columns 9 su* a mann] t !y /& ?r\gh int5se heat1 & h ! advantage ( be+ small 9 bulk4 ,! accompany+ engrav+ w make ! foll[+ explanation cle>4 ,/rips ( corrugat$ hoop-iron are fa/5$ at int]vals by wire close to ! iron column1 & all is !n encas$ ) concrete #c in*es 9 ?ickness1 made z describ$ on page #hf4 ,an exp]im5t 0 tri$ at ,nott+ham ) "o ( ^! columns plac$ 9 a fire ( wood & %av+s saturat$ ) gas-t>1 & all[$ to burn ) a fi]ce heat = a space ( #d h\rs4 ,:5 half ! "t _h elaps$ ! column 0 ?r[n ov]1 s z to lie horizontally 9 ! fire1 & h its :ole l5g? expos$ to ! flames4 ,! fire 0 at l5g? ext+ui%$ by wat] be+ ?r[n on1 9 ord] to make ! te/ /ill m sev]e1 b on exam9ation ! concrete cas+ _h n crack$ or brok5 9 any "p1 :ile ! column und]nea?1 z soon z a portion ( its cov]+ c\ld be remov$1 0 cool en\gh to be h&l$ ) impunity4 ,x w be int]e/+ to note ! developm5t ( ?is inv5tion2 = 9 ! ev5t ( f>!r te/s 9 actual practice be+ z satisfactory z t already nam$1 x is likely to come into v prom95t use4 ,! c>eless way 9 :i* *imneys are built is ! cause ( frequ5t dang]4 ,by communicat+ ) ea* o!r 9 ! same gable1 fire w (t5 spread & wrap ! :ole h\se 9 flames4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal /reets 9 ,ed9burgh _h sc>cely a *imney-head t 0 n 9 ?is condition4 ,! ends ( joi/s or pieces ( timb] are sometimes all[$ to protrude into *imneys1 & !n x is g5]ally by accid5t if ! build+ does n cat* fire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,horizontal ,,section ,,( ,,column ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,"p ,,elevation ,,( ,,column ,a4 ,build+s full ( ^! & o!r #8scamp+' "w1 & s likely to spread fire ar\nd1 are c]ta9ly oppos$ to ! rule t #8a man may burn himself & 8 own prop]ty1 b he %all n unduly risk ! lives & prop]ty ( 8 neighb\rs4' ,cov]+ timb]--t is1 joi/s or ! ?9 wood ( p>titions--) %eet-iron is (t5 done1 b x is q useless4 ,:5 x is kn[n t ! ,pante*nicon floors 7 s cov]$1 pro( ( its uselessness w be at once admitt$4 ,x may be ?\ght t an important fire-resi/+ sub/ance has be5 omitt$ to be m5tion$1 namely1 /one2 = 9 _m books1 & ev5 9 ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 ! expression #8/one1 or o!r firepro( mat]ial1' may be f\nd4 ,b all compet5t au?orities are n[ agre$ t /one ( ne>ly e k9d is incapable ( resi/+ ! heat ( ord9>y fires2 & :5 us$ = support+ weights1 or ev5 if hang+ unsupport$1 z 9 a /aircase1 frequ5tly is a s\rce ( great mis*ief & probable dang]4 ,a flight ( /one /eps1 heat$ by ! conflagration ( ! h\se 9 :i* x 0 situat$1 has be5 kn[n to collapse imm$iately ^u ! admission ( cold air ?r\gh ! out] door be+ sudd5ly op5$4 ,/one is !re=e inadmissible = firepro( purposes1 & %\ld n be us$ = /rong-rooms1 or z supports = joi/s or = any "p except+ ! floor1 :]e x may crack or crumble )\t affect+ ! re/ ( ! build+4 ,granite is1 z f> z exp]i5ce goes1 capable ( resi/+ imm5se heat2 & x is said ! great fire at ,bo/on1 ,u4,s41 9 #ahgc1 0 /opp$ :5 x came to a huge granite w>eh\se4 ,b ! co/ ( ?is mat]ial & work+ x are too great = x ev] to be ext5sively us$4 ,concrete has be5 lately br\ght =w>d z a good1 *eap1 & firepro( mat]ial = mak+ walls & floors1 b if us$ x %\ld be mo/ c>efully made2 if brok5 lime/one is us$ x w n be firepro(2 b ) a mixture ( fl9ts1 brickbats1 s&/one1 pebbles1 & cem5t 9 suitable proportions1 a good wall may be erect$4 ,"o advantage x has ov] brick is1 t be+ /rong] 7if pl5ty ( hoop-iron is us$ z a bond71 x occupies less space1 & no pla/]+1 or v little1 is ne$$ inside4 ,!re has be5 no case1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 ( a l>ge concrete build+ be+ subject$ to a sev]e te/2 !re=e1 unless o!r objects 7 aim$ at1 ,i %\ld pref] a brick build+4 ,b "s w>eh\ses & mills are s l>ge t brick _c be us$ int]nally 9 ar*es2 & a subdivision by p>ty walls w\ld de/roy ! bus9ess purpose ( ! build+1 & all[ ( only small comp>tm5ts 9 x4 ,_c iron gird]s be us$ 9 any way to make !m safe8 ,to a c]ta9 ext5t !y c1 if protect$ ov] ! entire surface by cem5t or lumps ( fire-clay4 ,!re %\ld be b few employ$1 & all[ance mu/ be made = ! gird]s1 9 case !y get heat$1 to exp& )\t ?ru/+ out ! walls4 ,!y %\ld be support$ on corbels ( brick1 & be z light z possible consi/5tly ) ! /r5g? requir$4 ,if us$ z means to c>ry a wall !y mu/ be cov]$ z sugge/$1 & ) ! utmo/ c>e1 = 9 ?is case any twi/+ or bulg+ sideways w endang] ! wall above4 ,:atev] sy/em ( con/ruction is adopt$1 !re are ?ree ?+s n yet m5tion$ ( high importance to ! firepro( quality ( ! build+2 namely1 ! communication betwe5 ! v>i\s floors1 ! /yle ( w9d[1 & ! con/ruction ( ! ro(4 ,) reg>d to ! fir/ ( ^!1 !re is little d\bt t ! ord9>y /aircase & ! op5 lift are important aids to ! spread ( fire2 by !m ! v>i\s floors ( a w>eh\se are1 :5 combu/ion beg9s1 conv]t$ into s _m furnaces ) a connect+ flue1 & ! ext5sion ( fire is accel]at$ by ! draught ru%+ upw>ds4 ,?\gh ! /airs may be un9flammable & ev5 inde/ructible1 !y w be 9 "s measure a s\rce ( weakness1 unless completely sep>at$ f ! op5 rooms1 z %[n 9 ! designs engrav$ 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,= ^! designs ( a ?or\ghly fire-pro( w>eh\se1 ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,e4 ,hoole1 ( ,russell ,squ>e1 ,london2 :o has succe$$ 9 plann+ a build+ adapt$ to comm]cial requirem5ts1 & yet possess+ ! necess>y elem5ts ( a firepro( /ructure4 ,all op5+s mu/ be fitt$ ) d\ble iron doors if p]fect security is requir$1 b ) a s+le door if only ord9>y risk is to be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,! con/ruction & fix+ ( ^! doors are a mo/ important matt]1 & %\ld be q z c>efully att5d$ to z if ! doorway 7 to a /rong-room4 ,details ( fix+ !m w be f\nd 9 ! *apt] on /rong-rooms1 & ! /r5g? ( doors %\ld be ! same z !re %[n4 ,! out] plate ( door be+ a half-in* solid boil]-plate1 !re mu/ be an air-space beh9d x1 p>tly occupi$ by ! work+ p>ts ( ! lock1 & inside t a cas+ ( non-conduct+ mat]ial4 ,! bolts %\ld be six 9 numb]1 ?ree 9 front & ?ree at ! back1 secur$ by a lock2 & ! frame into :i* !y fa/5 mu/ be solid iron1 well built into ! wall4 ,! price ( su* a door1 #f feet high by #b feet #d in*es wide1 is #bbl4 #ajs41 & money ?us sp5t w\ld _m a "t h sav$ ?\s&s 9 prop]ty4 ,! ,build+ ,act c be compli$ ) by provid+ a %eet-iron door ) a pla9 b>rel-bolt1 su* a division =m+ no security :atev]1 z ! iron imm$iately w>ps1 & all[s flame or heat to pass ?r\gh ! op5+4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> ! ,act has done mu* h>m1 = a false s5se ( security has be5 felt :5 its provisions h be5 met1 & money has be5 wa/$ 9 buy+1 & lab\r con/antly lo/ 9 clos+ & op5+ doors t are unable to h9d] fire f spread+ & ensure safety4 ,ca/-iron h+es are sometimes us$ = ^! doors1 giv+ ano!r elem5t ( dang]4 ,n long s9ce ,i saw ! ru9s ( a build+ :i* _h be5 divid$ 9 its v>i\s blocks by su* doors4 ,mo/ ( ! doors 7 d[n 9 ! rubbi%1 :ile ! op5+s :]e !y _h be5 high up on ! walls _h ! brok5 h+es left 9 ! brickwork4 ,no regulations = firepro( build+ c be complete )\t mo/ /r+5t rules = us+ ! be/ fire resi/+ doors1 = :at ! door ( a boil]-furnace is to ! fire )91 ! door ( a room is to combu/ion go+ on inside3 x w1 if insecure1 all[ air 9 to fe$ ! flames s long z !re is fuel to burn4 ,b !re are o!r op5+s necess>y to w>eh\ses2 & ?is leads to ! subject ( ! w9d[s1 :i* are 9 ! firepro( s5se a necess>y evil4 ,! dang] consi/s 9 ! draught :i* comes ?r\gh to fe$ ! fire2 b ! risk c be less5$ by us+ v ?ick glass1 9 small squ>es1 & tak+ c>e t no brok5 panes are all[$ to rema9 9 ! w9d[s4 ,if anyone takes ! tr\ble to notice su* a ?+1 he w sc>cely f9d a w>eh\se )\t "s brok5 squ>es1 :i* w admit air en\gh to fan a fire to ! temp]ature ( a bla/-furnace 9 a v %ort "t4 ,iron sa%es %\ld be us$2 & iron %utt]s may be also us$ to cov] ! w9d[s1 capable ( be+ op5$ easily on ! outside by firem5 if requir$4 ,capt4 ,%aw /ates t heavy losses h be5 caus$ ?r\gh ! firem5 be+ unable to op5 iron %utt]s f ! outside1 9 consequ5ce ( _! expansion f heat4 ,he also gives a w>n+ aga9/ ! too common practice 9 *eap build+s ( us+ glass ) bullseyes or d5ts1 ?r\gh :i* ! rays ( ! sun become conc5trat$ & set fire1 z has be5 ! case1 to ! int]ior4 ,project+ or b[-w9d[s mu/ n be adopt$1 z fire c m easily pass 9 ?is way f "o op5+ to ano!r4 ,! rema9+ p>ticul> to be notic$ is ! con/ruction ( ! ro(1 by ! fall+ 9 ( :i* ! de/ruction comm5c$ bel[ x is s (t5 complet$4 ,! high ,mans>d ro(s appe> to h l>gely contribut$ to ! de/ruction ( ,*icago & o!r ,am]ican cities4 ,x is some:at al>m+ to see ! ext5t to :i* !y are be+ employ$ 9 ,engl&2 b :atev] =m ( ro( is us$1 ! mat]ials ( :i* ! fram+ is compos$ %\ld be incombu/ible1 & ! ceil+ b5ea? x ought to be p]fectly firepro(1 s t fire b5ea? _c asc5d to ! ro(1 or desc5d f ! ro( to ! rooms4 ,a firepro( ceil+ is also valuable = prev5t+ ! build+ be+ delug$ ) wat] f ! eng9es1 :5 fire has attack$ ! ro( only4 ,if any op5+s to ! ro( are necess>y1 !y mu/ be con/ruct$ ) c>e & plac$ 9 a room--n at ! top ( a /aircase1 z is s frequ5tly done1 :]e ! draught ( air is likely to be conc5trat$4 ,a mill at ,le$s1 at :i* a fire took place 9 #ahbg1 01 ) ! exception ( ! ro(1 suppos$ to be :olly firepro(4 ,! upp] floor 0 fill$ ) flax4 ,! ro( fell 91 & ! heat s affect$ ! iron beams ( ! floor z to cause !m to give way & involve ! :ole build+ 9 de/ruction4 ,9 conclud+ ! p>ticul>s ( ! g5]al con/ruction ( firepro( build+s1 ,i w\ld aga9 urge ! use ( brick1 z ! be/ kn[n mat]ial = ! purpose ( resi/+ heat2 or fail+ ?is1 iron1 protect$ by pla/]1 concrete1 or brickwork4 ,dur+ ! space ( a few mon?s !re 7 calamit\s fires 9 "s l>ge wat]side premises1 & at ea* ( !m ,capt4 ,%aw /ates ! foll[+ results 7 obs]v$3 #8,! bricks 7 un9jur$1 ! wood 0 s]i\sly damag$1 b only p>tially consum$2 ! iron 0 fractur$1 & consequ5tly r5d]$ wor?less2 & ! /one 0 %iv]$ into fragm5ts & totally de/roy$4' ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,firepro( ,,build+s4 ,,ii4 ,pat5t ,sy/ems ( ,con/ruction1 & _! ,application4 ,_m ( ! sugge/ions 9 ! prec$+ *apt] h be5 embodi$ 9 ! num]\s pat5ts br\ght out by eng9e]s & o!rs = :at are t]m$ #8,firepro(+ ,sy/ems4' ,among ^! inv5tions may be nam$ ,messrs4 ,morel& & ,son's1 ,messrs4 ,fox & ,b>rett's1 ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s1 ,messrs4 ,d5nett & ,co4's1 c4 ,messrs4 ,fox & ,b>rett's pat5t is "o ( ! olde/1 & is /ill l>gely us$1 hav+ be51 among o!r in/ances1 rec5tly appli$ to portions ( ! ,crit]ion1 9 ,piccadilly ,circus4 ,x consi/s ma9ly 9 sub/itut+ iron = wood5 joi/s2 & ^u ! l[] flanges ( ^! iron joi/s are plac$ pieces ( wood1 :i* be> ! concrete fill+ up ! space to ! floor-bo>ds or tiles above4 ,! o!r sy/ems h all1 m or less1 ord9>y concrete z a con/itu5t "p1 dep5d+ l>gely = its support ^u iron or wood beams1 & ?us probably be+1 aft] all1 only firepro( to a c]ta9 po9t4 ,"o exception mu/ be made 9 fav\r ( ! ,d5nett sy/em1 z 9 ?is is introduc$ a new concrete1 treat$ 9 a novel & some:at bold ?\gh successful fa%ion4 ,?is sy/em1 kn[n z ! #8,d5nett ,firepro( ,con/ruction1' is "o ( great advantage1 inasmu* z iron is disp5s$ ) z f> z possible1 :ile ! space occupi$ by ar*$ floors is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,9 "s cases1 inde$1 no iron at all is want$1 & yet no room is wa/$ by heavy pi]s or supports ( brick4 ,a v sup]ior description ( concrete is ! body :i* =ms ! firepro( m$ium 9 ?is con/ruction4 ,?is concrete1 unlike t us$ = f\ndation & o!r purposes1 is n mix$ ) any ( ! ord9>y lime/one cem5ts1 ! action ( :i* "u fire is well kn[n4 ,a piece ( ! h>de/ lime/one1 :5 depriv$ by calc9ation ( its c>bonic acid1 becomes a body :i* may be cru%$ by ! lea/ pressure1 or if treat$ ) wat] assumes d\ble its orig9al bulk & falls to p[d]4 ,concrete compos$ ( ! ord9>y lime1 inasmu* z x approximates1 :5 set1 to ! orig9al c>bonate1 w\ld ( c\rse manife/ ! same *>act]i/ics "u simil> treatm5t4 ,! concrete :i* =ms ! *ief elem5t ( ! ,d5nett con/ruction has1 h[ev]1 = its cem5titi\s compon5t ! sulphate ( lime1 a body :i* loses little ( its cohesion by calc9ation4 ,exp]im5ts z to ! "* ( ?is concrete prove t x rema9s intact ?\gh r$uc$ to a :ite heat1 & t ! application ( wat] :ile 9 t /ate does n mat]ially impair its /r5g? or cohesion4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram ,a4 ,! ar* =m is t :i* is usually adopt$ = ! con/ruction ( floors 7diagram ,a71 ! sp&rels ( ! same be+1 h[ev]1 9 "s cases fill$ 9 ) ! mat]ial1 s z to =m a horizontal floor 7diagram ,b74 ,^! ar*es1 :5 ?or\ghly set1 ex]t no ?ru/ ^u ! out] walls1 &1 9 fact1 f _! slight rise & ?or\ghly homog5e\s "*1 !y possess z mu* ! nature ( a beam or l&+ z t ( an ar*4 ,= ?is reason _! use is1 9 _m cases1 advantage\s1 :]e t ( brick ar*es w\ld be altoge!r inadmissible4 ,! ar*es are support$ at ! po9ts :]e !y abut ^u ! walls by project+ c\rses ( brickwork1 & at int]m$iate po9ts by roll$ iron joi/s or rivett$ gird]s4 ,!y h a m9imum rise 9 ! s(fit ( "o in* to e foot ( wid?1 & !y are turn$ 9 ?is proportion up to spans ( #aj or #ab feet4 ,corridors & cottage floors are =m$ 9 ?is mann] )\t ! introduction ( any joi/ or beam :atev] 7diagram ,c72 ! s(fits ( ! ar*es1 aft] ! removal ( ! c5tres1 simply require to be f9i%$ ) ! la/ or sett+ coat ( pla/]+4 ,9 cell>s or o!r basem5t (fices no extra coat :atev] is necess>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram ,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram ,c4 ,! floor or upp] surface c be f9i%$ 9 ! mat]ial itself1 at a small co/1 equal to /one 9 durability & appe>ance4 ,:5 cov]$ ) kamptulicon or o!r simil> mat]ial a floor at once noiseless to ! tread & free f vibration is obta9$4 ,^! qualities are1 = banks & o!r public (fices1 v important desid]ata4 ,! ar* may1 ( c\rse1 if pref]r$1 be pav$ ) any o!r mat]ial1 su* z /one1 tiles1 asphalte1 or cem5t4 ,floors =m$ 9 ! simple mann] describ$ are excell5t 9 a sanit>y po9t ( view4 ,!y are clean1 non-absorb5t1 & are non-conductors ( s\nd & heat4 ,^! qualities p>ticul>ly recomm5d !m = adoption 9 hospitals1 unions1 b>racks1 & o!r l>ge build+s2 :ile = h\ses ( ! artisan class1 especially 9 cr[d$ di/ricts1 no o!r me?od ( con/ruction pres5ts s _m advantages4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram ,d4 ,if a flat ceil+ is requir$1 ceil+-joi/s are fix$ to ! l[] flanges ( ! iron gird]s1 & la!d & pla/]$ 9 ! ord9>y mann] 7diagram ,d74 ,x is g5]ally pref]r$1 h[ev]1 9 build+s ( a public "*1 su* z banks1 (fices1 c41 to leave expos$ ! l[] flanges ( ! iron gird]s4 ,?is is ! mo/ con/ructional mode ( treatm5t1 & by ! judici\s application ( col\r$ decoration a v effective ceil+ is obta9$4 ,! ceil+s ( ! b$rooms at ,kelham ,hall1 ,notts1 a build+ design$ by ,sir ,gilb]t ,scott1 are f9i%$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,?is mansion 0 made ?or\ghly firepro( on its re-erection n9e ye>s ago1 aft] ! de/ruction ( ! =m] build+ by fire4 ,! ceil+s ( ! reception-rooms are =m$ by gro9$ vaults ( consid]able rise spr++ f c>v$ /one corbels4 ,! ro( is protect$ f fire by light segm5tal vaults spr++ f wall to wall4 ,:5 us$ = flat ro(+--= :i* purpose ! /r5g? & fre$om f vibration ( ! con/ruction r5d]s x p>ticul>ly adapt$--a lay] ( asphalte or o!r imp]vi\s coat+ is requir$ to protect ! ar*es f ! wea!r4 ,! description ( asphalte mo/ approv$ = ?is purpose1 & us$ by ! pat5tees ) ! greate/ success1 is t kn[n z ! #8,pyrimont1' & suppli$ by ! ,seyssel ,asphalte ,company4 ,! =mation ( vaults or domes1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( an ornam5tal "*1 is "o ( ! mo/ advantage\s applications ( ! concrete4 ,z no exp5se is involv$ 9 ! cutt+ ( gro9s1 c(f]s1 ribs1 c41 x is 9 itself less co/ly ?an brick or /one1 besides sav+ consid]able exp5se 9 ! /r5g? ( ! out] walls1 :i* w\ld be requir$ to )/& ! lat]al ?ru/ ( ord9>y vault+4 ,x is moreov] bett] adapt$ = decorative treatm5t 9 col\r or relief4 ,l>ge vaults h rec5tly be5 =m$ ov] ! pr9cipal ap>tm5ts ( ! ,=eign ,(fice4 ,! ceil+ ( ! pr9cipal /aircase-hall1 #gj feet long by #bf feet wide1 is divid$ into ?ree comp>tm5ts1 two ( :i* are semi-cyl9drical c(f]$ vaults1 & ! c5tre "o is =m$ z a dome1 ) solid p5d5tives4 ,! ceil+ ov] ! ,cab9et-room has a span ( #cf feet2 x is semi-circul> 9 =m1 ) gro9$ op5+s to ! side-w9d[s1 & is divid$ into comp>tm5ts by pla9 ar*$ rims =m$ 9 ! concrete4 ,! vault itself is only #i in*es 9 ?ickness4 ,a section ( ?is ceil+ is %[n 7diagram ,e74 ,! l>ge/ "w ^u :i* ! ,d5nett sy/em ( firepro( floor+ has yet be5 adopt$ is ! new ,/4 ,?omas's ,hospital4 ,x is "h appli$ 9 ! ord9>y flat-ar*$ =m to ! corridors1 w>ds1 & o!r rooms z ! f\ndation = ! asphalte cov]+ ( ! flat ro(s1 & z c(f]$ vault+ 9 l>ge spans to ! *apel1 ,gov]nor's hall1 c4 ,"s idea ( ! ext5t ( ?is build+ may be =m$ :5 x is /at$ t ! firepro( ar*+ cov]s an area ( m ?an eight acres4 ,illu/ration3 ,,diagram ,e4 ,! /r5g? ( ! ar*es has be5 frequ5tly te/$ by actual exp]im5ts1 bo? z to _! capacity = be>+ dead pressure & ) reg>d to _! resi/ance to impact f fall+ weights1 mov+ loads1 c4 ,^! exp]im5ts h be5 g5]ally in/itut$ by ! ar*itects ^u ^: works ! con/ruction has be5 adopt$1 & !y h inv>iably produc$ ! mo/ satisfactory results4 ,! co/ ( ! con/ruction v>ies some:at1 accord+ to ! di/ance f ! gypsum qu>ries1 :i* are almo/ entirely conf9$ to ! c\nties ( ,d]by & ,nott+ham4 ,! co/ ( ! ar*+ 9 ,london1 9 ord9>y spans1 z %[n by diagram ,a1 includ+ c5tre+1 is ab\t #ges4 p] squ>e ( #ajj sup]ficial feet4 ,a f9i%$ upp] surface1 :]e su* is requir$1 involves an additional exp5se ( f #aes4 to #bes4 p] squ>e4 ,^! prices d n1 ( c\rse1 include iron gird]s2 b z s few ( ^! are requir$1 z comp>$ ) o!r me?ods ( firepro( con/ruction 9 :i* concrete is us$1 ?is sy/em w be f\nd to possess1 besides ! ackn[l$g$ m]its ( /r5g?1 rigidity1 & highly firepro( "*1 ! advantage ( economy1 be+ f #be to #ej p] c5t4 *eap] ?an o!r me?ods4 ,b :atev] ! co/ ( ^! highly advantage\s sy/ems ( con/ruction1 !re are c]ta9 build+s :i* dem& ! application ( ! v be/ me?ods ( erection 9 ord] to secure _! safety f ! dev\r+ flames4 ,9 public museums & art gall]ies we h build+s :i* _c h too mu* att5tion & money paid to make !m safe2 & _! safety f or liability to fire is a topic ( mu* int]e/4 ,x is b seldom t "o he>s ( a s]i\s fire 9 any ( ^! places2 ! tru? is1 ?\gh _m ( !m w\ld1 if once a-light1 make a wond]ful blaze1 !y are g5]ally s well wat*$ t fire c obta9 no hold )\t be+ discov]$4 ,! real dang] is m f surr\nd+ build+s be+ on fire ?an f )94 ,! ,bodleian ,libr>y1 at ,ox=d1 ab\t :i* !re has be5 "s /ir lately1 is a noticeable example4 ,! build+ is itself highly combu/ible2 x is fill$ ) combu/ible ?\gh invaluable cont5ts1 = :i* !re is no firepro( receptacle2 & ar\nd x are o!r /ructures at lea/ z likely to burn1 & if burnt to cause ! de/ruction ( ! libr>y4 ,capta9 ,galton has report$ on ?is /ate ( affairs1 & x is n[ probable t "o ( ! rem$ies sugge/$ may be adopt$4 ,a return has be5 made to ,p>liam5t ( ! /ate ( "s ( ! public build+s1 & f ! dige/ :i* has appe>$ 9 ! #8,ar*itect' ,i take ! foll[+3-- #8,! return f ! ,briti% ,museum ackn[l$ges t g5]ally1 except 9 ! basem5t1 ! mat]ials ( ! build+ are only p>tially incombu/ible4 ,! basem5t is con/ruct$ *iefly ( brick1 ) pi]s & gro9$ ar*es1 except 9 a few cases1 :]e ca/-iron columns are us$1 ! floors be+ ei!r /one1 slate1 or cem5t4 ,! pr9cipal /aircases are ( /one1 & ! small] ones ( iron4 ,! ceil+s ?r\gh\t are la?-&-pla/]1 ) fir ceil+-joi/s4 ,! ro(s are ( wood & iron1 cov]$ ) copp]1 ! pr9cipals be+ 9 mo/ cases ca/-iron4 #8,! read+-room has a cem5t floor1 ) brick ar*es b5ea?4 ,! ma9 ribs ( ! dome are iron1 ) brickwork betwe5 !m1 ?is be+ cov]$ ext]nally ) copp]1 & int]nally ) papi] m* fa/5$ to wood ribs4 ,! lant]n is ( wood & iron4 ,! new libr>ies on basem5t & gr\nd floors are built ext]nally ( brick1 int]nally *iefly ( iron4 #8,"s ( ! floors ( ! ,national ,gall]y are ar*$ ) brick1 on iron gird]s2 ! floors ( a portion ( ! rooms ( ! gr\nd /orey 9 ea* w+1 ! rooms "u ! dome1 & o!rs adjo9+ !m1 are ( ord9>y timb] con/ruction1 ) iron gird]s4 ,! floors ( ! picture gall]ies & ( mo/ ( ! rooms are bo>d$2 ^? ( ! o!r rooms1 ! entrance-halls1 lobbies1 /aircases1 & pr9cipal p>ts ( ! passages1 are ( /one4 ,all portions ( ! floors on ea* /orey trav]s$ by hot-wat] pipes are ( /one1 on brick *amb]s1 ) metal grat+s4 ,! ceil+s ( ! rooms g5]ally are ( la?-&-pla/]1 ) fir ceil+-joi/s2 int]nally ! rooms are pla/]$ or cem5t$1 except ^? ( ! picture gall]ies1 :i* are l9$ ) wood1 = dryness & facility ( hang+4 ,! ro(s & lant]n-lights are con/ruct$ ( iron & wood1 cov]$ ) lead4 ,! lant]ns ( ! we/]nmo/ gall]ies h iron %utt]s4 ,^? on ! top & ! sides oppos$ to adjac5t build+s are clos$ e night4 #8,at ,s\? ,k5s+ton ! floors1 except ! (ficial resid5ces1 are firepro(1 on ,fox & ,b>rett's pr9ciple4 ,9 ! ,museum !y are cov]$ ) tiles or m>ble mosaic1 & 9 ! s*ools1 (fices1 c4 9 "s places ) wood1 & o!rs ) asphalte4 ,! floors ( ,be?nal ,gre5 ,museum are ( wood1 & n firepro(1 & ! same may be said ( ! ,kew ,museum4 ,! :ole ( ! gr\nd floors1 & 9 "s cases ! "o-pair floors1 ( ! ,royal ,hospital1 ,gre5wi*1 are con/ruct$ on brick gro9$ ar*es1 & ) ! exception ( ! wood floor cov]+ are firepro(4 ,! rema9d] ( ! floors are ( fram$ timb]s & joi/s1 ) bo>d$ floors1 :i* w\ld readily ignite4 ,9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum ( ,sci5ce & ,art1 ! :ole ( :i* is n yet complet$1 ! great] portion ( ! ma9 floor is =m$ ( /one ar*es1 ) encau/ic tiles1 b ! two gall]ies surr\nd+ ! pr9cipal halls are ( wood1 support$ by iron columns or gird]s4 ,9 ! ea/ w+ !re is a lecture-room1 ) rooms1 "o = ! exhibition ( specim5s1 ( :i* ! floors are entirely ( wood4 ,?is build+ w\ld appe> to be 9 dang] if a fire occurr$ 9 any ( ! neighb\r+ premises4 ,! ,national ,gall]y ( ,scotl& is con/ruct$ ( /onework ( ! be/ k9d1 & is !re=e little liable to conflagration4 ,( museums 9 ,dubl91 ! ,college ( ,sci5ce alone appe>s to h floors :i* may be consid]$ to be incombu/ible4 ,! wood 9 ! ,dubl9 ,society's h\se is return$ z be+ 8v old & dry40 ,9 ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 :i* conta9s a collection ( antiquities1 !re is b "o room :i* is firepro(4 ,! ,hib]nian ,academy has also wood5 floors4 #8,! means = prev5tion ( fires diff] mu* 9 ! diff]5t build+s4 ,! ,briti% ,museum has connection ) ! ma9s1 ) suffici5t hydrants & hose-pipes & buckets1 & ! tanks conta9 #bf1jjj gallons ( wat]4 ,!re are sixte5 fire-eng9es1 six ( !m be+ kept on ! ro(1 & two firem5 are con/antly on duty2 besides1 ! police employ$ are drill$ 9 ! use ( ! eng9es & appliances4 ,! ,national ,gall]y has also hydrants & hose2 ! tanks conta9 #c1ijj gallons4 ,!re is only "o h&-pump4 ,!re are no wat*m51 & no resid5t (fic] is *>g$ ) ! duty ( sup]vision4 ,! c>e ( ! build+ is entru/$ to ! police4 ,9 ,s\? ,k5s+ton ! arrangem5ts to secure safety are v complete1 & f> sup]ior to ^? 9 any o!r public build+4 ,f\r-in* ma9s are us$ ?r\gh\t ! build+ & gr\nds1 b ! supply is con/ant only z long z ! company's ma9s are 9 action4 ,a tank 9 ! gr\nds1 :i* holds #be1jjj gallons1 is1 h[ev]1 always available1 %\ld ! supply f ! ma9s be defici5t4 ,! return says t a t[] is to =m "p ( ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton build+ :5 ! design is complete1 & 9 x !re are to be tanks at suffici5t elevation to comm& ! build+s by means ( hydrants4 ,p5d+ ! erection ( ! t[]1 x is recomm5d$ t tanks to conta9 #ej1jjj gallons %\ld be plac$ 9 ! highe/ possible positions4 ,!re is always a fire-brigade ( ,royal ,eng9e]s resid5t on ! premises1 :o daily exam9e all ! appliances2 & "o ( ! assi/ant-directors1 :o is also an (fic] ( ,eng9e]s1 has ! sup]9t5d5ce4 ,a /ory is told 9 ! ,p>liam5t>y pap] :i* is wor? giv+1 n only z %[+ t !re are two ways ( ext+ui%+ a fire1 b z prov+ ! sup]iority ( a special to a g5]al sy/em3--#8,9 ,m>* #aheg1 at ab\t #d4cj ,a4,m41 a fire broke out 9 "o ( ! tempor>y wood5 build+s1 at t "t us$ z art s*ools4 ,! al>m 0 giv5 by ! police1 & a man 0 despat*$ 9 a cab to ! ne>e/ ,fire ,brigade /ation4 ,b be=e ! arrival ( ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade eng9e ! deta*m5t ( ,royal ,eng9e]s _h completely got ! fire "u1 & _h sav$ ! cont5ts1 pr9cipally pictures1 ( ! build+4 ,mr4 ,braidwood1 !n ,*ief ( ! ,metropolitan ,brigade1 on 8 inspection complim5t$ ! ,royal ,eng9e]s on ! way 9 :i* ! fire _h be5 put out4 ,he said x 0 ! 8prettie/ /op0 he _h ev] se51 b unsci5tific1 & t ) 8 m5 he w\ld n h attempt$ to ext+ui% ! fire1 b w\ld h direct$ _! ef=ts to pull+ d[n adjo9+ build+s1 9 ord] to prev5t ! fire spread+4 ,! fire orig9at$ f "s woodwork t\*+ a /one1 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( a hot air heat+ app>atus :i* _h be5 put 9 by ! ,(fice ( ,works be=e ! build+s 7 h&$ ov] to ! *>ge ( ! dep>tm5t4 ,s9ce ?is "t ! use ( hot air app>atus has be5 discont9u$1 & ! p]man5t build+s are all heat$ by hot wat]4 ,! ,geological ,museum has a tank & o!r appliances1 & ! wat*+ is :olly 9 ! *>ge ( ! police4 #8,! ,ed9burgh ,museum has an insuffici5t provision 9 wat] supply4 ,9 ! =5oon !re is no wat] available f ! hydrants on ! upp] floor ( ! build+1 :i* is =ty feet bel[ ! ridge ( ! ro(1 & !re are no fire-eng9es4 ,! ,scotti% ,national ,gall]y has six ci/]ns1 ea* conta9+ #ajj gallons1 b 9 ! op9ion ( a sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,fire ,brigade ! build+ is adequately protect$ aga9/ fire4 ,! ,dubl9 build+s1 ow+ to ! high pressure ( wat] supply1 are suppos$ to be suffici5tly secure )\t tanks4 #8,9 ne>ly all ( ! build+s !re has be5 hi!rto no fire1 & 9 ^? :]e !re 0 ! damage 0 n v great4 ,a fire 9 "o ( ! out-build+s ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 9 #ahfe1 caus$ a loss ( a little beyond #ejjl4 ,! fire at ,s\? ,k5s+ton has be5 already describ$4 ,9 all ! build+s !re is m or less con/ant sup]vision1 & ) ?is1 risk is r$uc$ to a m9imum4 ,/ill ! reports %[ h[ mu* ne$ !re is ( ! con/ant s]vice be+ g5]ally ext5d$ ov] ! metropolis4 ,at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 9 ! daytime1 ! pressure is usually n suffici5t to comm& ! l[] ro(s ( ! ,museum build+s1 & sometimes is z l[ z #bj feet1 al?\gh at night 7:5 !re is (t5 mo/ dang]7 x rises to #afj feet4' ,respect+ ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral ,i believe ! arrangem5ts = ext+ui%+ fire are fairly good1 b ! build+ itself is f> m combu/ible ?an mo/ p]sons imag9e2 & ?\gh ! risk ( fire comm5c+ f ! int]ior is v slight 7except :5 ! enorm\s quantity ( timb] is introduc$ = seats at special fe/ivals71 !re is always a c]ta9 am\nt ( dang] f ! tall w>eh\ses s closely hemm+ x 9 on all sides4 ,! *ief director ( ! ,salvage ,corps ?9ks x v possible t ! conflagration ( "o ( ^! build+s w\ld set on fire ! dome ( ,/4 ,paul's1 provid$ ! build+ burnt freely & ! w9d 0 /rong 9 ! direction ( ! ,ca!dral4 ,! inevitable plumb] is d\btless (t5 at "w on "s portion ( ! ro( ) 8 op5 fire & ! mode ( h&l+ x t almo/ burnt ,cant]bury ,ca!dral1 & ?or\ghly succe$$ at ! ,alex&ra ,palace4 ,! foll[+ is f ! #8,bullet9 de la ,socit ,c5trale des ,ar*itectes1' #ahga1 communicat$ by ! ,secret>y ( t society to ! ,royal ,in/itute ( ,briti% ,ar*itects1 & is mo/ valuable1 z ! practical exp]i5ce ( ! results ( fires at ,p>is dur+ ! ,commune3-- #8#a4 ,walls ( free/one4--,! walls con/ruct$ ( free/one are s]i\sly det]iorat$1 ! /one be+ de/roy$ by dis9tegration & ! calc9ation ( ! lime/one4 #b4 ,walls ( r\gh /one4--,rubble walls1 cov]$ ) a ?ick lay] ( pla/]1 h1 ow+ to ?is pres]vative coat+1 rema9$ un*ang$1 & g5]ally !y w be reta9$ 9 ! process ( recon/ruction4 #c4 ,brick & 7calc>e\s ,sicilian7 mill/one walls4--,wall+ ( ^! k9ds has g5]ally resi/$ bett] 9 cell>s & und]gr\nd con/ruction2 & z to ! brick 9 p>tition-walls1 ! brick flues ( *imneys rema9$ almo/ intact4 #d4 ,floors1 ro(s1 & timb] p>titions4--,wood 9 floors & ro(s has be5 completely consum$1 b 9 wood5 p>titions1 :]e a coat ( pla/] suffici5tly ?ick 0 expos$ to ! action ( ! fire1 ! wood has be5 completely pres]v$4 ,"s curi\s facts h be5 ! result4 ,an angle-po/ hav+ be5 attack$ 9 an upp] /orey1 ! fire aft]w>ds ext5d$ itself 9 ! int]ior ( ! po/ )\t ga9+ ! ext]nal surface1 s t ! po/ assum$ ! appe>ance ( a pipe1 ! int]ior ( :i* _h be5 holl[$ out by ! fire4 #8,oak l9tels cov]$ ) pla/] h resi/$ )\t injury ! flames :i* trav]s$ ! bays ( :i* ! l9tels =m$ ! upp] "p4 #e4 ,floors & ro(s ( iron4--,iron has n resi/$ ! action ( fire4 ,if x has n be5 consum$ l wood1 x has und]gone twi/+ & contortion1 :i* r5d] x unfit to be us$ aga94 ,num]\s fanta/ic examples h be5 obs]v$1 especially at ! ,palais de ,ju/ice1 ! ,htel de ,ville1 & ! ,?tre ,lyrique4 ,! "* ( iron is n to propagate combu/ion1 b1 "u ! influ5ce ( a v high temp]ature1 to und]go su* ext5sion t x all[s ! escape ( ! masonry x 0 int5d$ to reta94' ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,fire ,,& ,,its ,,dang]s4 ,fire1 al?\gh mo/ useful 9 its prop] place1 is ! s\rce ( almo/ c\ntless loss & de/ruction1 & has well e>n$ ! "* (t5 giv5 x1 ( be+ ! be/ ( s]vants b ! wor/ ( ma/]s4 ,ev]yone kn[s h[ x has be5 fe>$ by m5 f ! _w's comm5cem5t1 & wor%ipp$ by idolat]s ev5 to ! pres5t day1 :5 millions /ill b[ d[n to :at !y fe> in/ead ( to a ,be+ !y c love4 ,& p]haps x is n only its de/ructive p[] t causes fire ?us to be rev]5c$ by ! ignorant1 & dread$ 9 _m =ms by ! m enlight5$4 ,its my/]i\s orig9 & p[] ( spontane\sly com+ into exi/5ce help to *>act]ise x z ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! elem5ts1 & to increase ! liability to dang]\s results :5 x has fuel to fe$ ^u4 ,x is n my purpose to notice ! v>i\s applications ( fire 9 ways t cause x to br+ ab\t incalculable good to mank9d4 ,a mom5t's ?\ght z to :at w\ld result if fire c\ld n be appli$ 9 numb]less ne$ful in/ances1 & we _h no?+ to supply its place1 w conv9ce u t its value is f> great] ?an all ! loss x causes4 ,b !re (t5 is loss1 & to a consid]able ext5t2 & z ?is is g5]ally prev5table1 x w be well = u to consid] :at are ! prop] means to adopt 9 ord] to gu>d aga9/ x4 ,! build+s 9 :i* fires occur mo/ frequ5tly are our ord9>y dwell+-h\ses1 because !y l>gely outnumb] all o!r classes ( build+s--n p]haps because !y are m liable to be burnt ?an o!rs4 ,i c f9d no au!ntic return ( fires t h occurr$ ?r\gh\t ,great ,brita91 & !re=e _c give /ati/ics ( ! relative proportions ( ! v>i\s k9ds ( /ructures t h be5 burnt4 ,x seems to me a great mi/ake n to h an accurate report ( e fire t happ5s1 ) full details ( its cause1 ! damage done1 c42 ! p>ticul>s might be regi/]$ m easily1 & ) less exp5se1 ?an bir?s & dea?s are2 & x is op5 to "q if ! b5efit d]iv$ f su* a c\rse w\ld n be ( at lea/ equal good4 ,:5 a dea? results f fire ! inque/ (t5 discloses facts :i*1 if kn[n be=e1 might h prev5t$ dea?2 & x w\ld be little tr\ble to arrange = ! coron] or "s qualifi$ (ficial to hold an enquiry--)\t a jury1 ( c\rse--conc]n+ e fire report$ to him by ! fire brigade 9 8 di/rict4 ,if ?is _h be5 done 9 bygone ye>s !re w\ld n n[ be t ignorance ( con/ruction & ( ! "r means ( sav+ life & prop]ty :i* unhappily prevails4 ,:y ! insurance (fices h n support$ & c>ri$ into practice "s su* idea is possibly to be expla9$ by ! und\bt$ fact t a good fire br+s !m fre% bus9ess4 ,! numb] ( fires is increas+ rapidly e ye> 9 a proportion quick] ?an ! increase ( build+ or population2 ! explanation be+ t z ! h\ses get cr[d$ toge!r !y are m liable to be set on fire by ext]nal ag5cy4 ,b ! increase1 s]i\s z x appe>s1 is curi\sly small :5 "o takes into acc\nt ! causes1 multiply+ e day1 by :i* ?is de/ruction may be effect$4 ,9 ! la/ few ye>s ,london & _m l>ge t[ns h become int]sect$ by railways1 & ! fires & sp>ks ( eng9es are frequ5tly scatt]$ ab\t z if ! /ations & dwell+s ne> 7 bomb-pro(4 ,vessels may be se5 on ! ,?ames & else:]e gett+ up /eam close to ! w9d[s ( w>eh\ses ) inflammable goods inside2 /eam1 ) its att5dant dang]s1 is us$ 9 places & = purposes nev] ?\ght ( a %ort "t s9ce4 ,gas1 ) its unmi/akable smell1 h[ev]1 mak+ x some:at safe1 is 9 l>ge use2 :ile its mod]n rivals1 ! explosive oils1 are be+ too c>elessly us$ 9 an increas+ ext5t4 ,friction-mat*es only a few ye>s ago 7 n to be f\nd 9 ! h\ses ( ! poor1 b are n[ us$ by ev]yone4 ,! use ( tobacco has ext5d$1 & !re is reason to believe v _m fires are due directly or indirectly to x4 ,/oves1 in/ead ( ! op5 fireplaces1 are 9 l>g] reque/1 & _! flues are m dang]\s ?an ! old-fa%ion$ wide *imneys4 ,^!1 & o!r less important facts1 w expla9 ! foll[+ /ati/ics giv5 9 evid5ce by ,capta9 ,%aw be=e a ,p>liam5t>y ,committee3 #8,dur+ ! #cd ye>s s9ce #ahdj1 ! population ( ,london has increas$ f #a1ijg1jcf to #c1cdb1dij1 or #ge p] c5t42 & ! numb] ( h\ses f #beh1dbe to #dgi1cbi1 or #hb p] c5t4 ,b dur+ ! same p]iod ! numb] ( fires has m ?an d\bl$1 hav+ jump$ f #fha to #a1edh--;equal to an increase ( #abg p] c5t4 ,! total numb] ( fires ?r\gh\t ! #cd ye>s 0 #ch1bda4' ,only a small proportion ( ^! #ch1jjj fires 7 v s]i\s ones2 yet ! majority ( !m might h be5 s b = ! precautions & appliances at h& to prev5t ! mis*ief spread+4 ,! be/ way ( combat+ ?is foe = ! future is to ensure bett] h\se-build+1 & to hold an enquiry into ! cause ( ea* fire1 z already sugge/$4 ,b we h to deal ) cities & t[ns already built1 & ) ! great] "p ( _! build+s ready to =m bonfires :5 any c>elessness lets ev5 ! smalle/ portion ignite4 ,9 ano!r *apt] ,i h spok5 ( firepro( con/ruction1 & h giv5 in/ances ( ! dang] _m ( our public build+s are 94 ,b dwell+-h\ses are sc>cely ev] built to be firepro(1 space & *eapness be+ ! desid]ata1 & x w ev] be s4 ,! con/ruction ( ! old] ones causes !m to burn out1 :5 once fairly alight1 9 an incr$ibly %ort space ( "t1 af=d+ b little opportunity = ! escape ( inmates1 ev5 %\ld !y be able to )/& ! *ok+ smoke4 ,! foll[+ is a complete li/ ( causes ( fires 9 ,london = ! ye> #ahgc3-- ,air+ l95 #ag ,blea*+ baskets #c ,boil]1 ov]heat+ ( #h ,boil+ acids #a ,boil+ ov]1 *emicals1 oil1 pit*1 spirits1 t>1 c4 #bc ,burn+ out pa9t-pot #a ,c&le #ahg ,*emicals1 bottle (1 break+ #a ,*emicals1 explosion ( #a ,*ildr5 play+ ) c>tridges #a ,*ildr5 play+ ) fire #ba ,*ildr5 play+ ) lucif]s #bi ,clo!s com+ 9 contact ) fire #g ,copp]1 ov]heat ( #a ,copp]1 leak+ #a ,cyl9d]1 ov]heat ( #a ,damp]1 defect 9 #a ,detonat+ caps #a ,d\btful #ad ,draw+ (f p>aff9 oil #a ,dry+ app>atus1 ov]heat ( #a ,dry+-room1 ov]heat ( #a ,fire1 goods plac$ too ne> #a ,fireplace block$ up #b ,fireplace1 defect 9 #a ,fireplace adjo9+1 defect 9 #a ,fireworks1 explosion ( #a ,fireworks1 lett+ (f #a ,flue1 block$ up #aj ,flue1 defect 9 #eh ,flue1 f\l #bd ,flue1 ov]heat ( #aj ,flue1 timb] 9 #a ,flue1 adjo9+1 defect 9 #ae ,flue1 adjo9+1 f\l #e ,flue1 adjo9+1 ov]heat ( #d ,flue1 copp]1 defect 9 #d ,flue1 copp]1 ov]heat ( #d ,flue1 furnace1 defect 9 #a ,flue1 furnace1 ov]heat ( #c ,friction ( ma*9]y #f ,friction ( vesuvians #a ,fumigat+ bags #d ,furnace1 ov]heat ( #e ,furnace1 ho?\se1 ov]heat ( #a ,furnace1 adjo9+1 ov]heat ( #a ,gas1 escape ( #de ,gasfitt]s at "w #f ,gasfitt]s at "w 9 /reet #a ,gas1 light+ #f ,gas1 seek+ = an escape (1 9 /reet #ag ,gas1 sw++ bracket #ba ,gaslight #b ,gaslight1 curta9s or w9d[-bl9ds com+ 9 contact ) #h ,gaslight1 goods com+ 9 contact ) #ab ,gaslight1 goods plac$ too ne> #d ,gaslight1 ov]heat ( #g ,gaslight1 holly plac$ too ne> #a ,gaslight1 pap] bl[n on #a ,gaslight1 sunbl9d plac$ too ne> #a ,glue1 heat+ #a ,he>?1 defect 9 #d ,he>?1 fire on #d ,he>?1 adjo9+1 fire on #b ,hot a%es #cg ,hot plate1 ov]heat ( #a ,hot iron #b ,hot rivets #c ,hot sold]+-iron #a ,inc5di>ism #aa ,intoxication #f ,kiln1 ov]heat ( #b ,lamp1 bag fall+ on #a ,lamp1 light+ #a ,lamp1 light$1 fall+ on b5zol9e #a ,lamp1 gas1 upset #a ,lamp1 curta9s or w9d[-bl9ds com+ 9 contact ) #b ,lamp1 oil1 upset #a ,lamp1 p>aff91 explosion ( #c ,lamp1 _s1 upset #da ,light ?r[n d[n #aae ,light ?r[n d[n area #i ,light ?r[n f /reet #ai ,light$ tap] #b ,lime-slak+ #g ,lime slak$ by ra9 #e ,lucif]s #dc ,ov51 ov]heat ( #e ,p>aff9 oil com+ 9 contact ) light$ c&le #a ,phosphorus #c ,pipe-/ove1 ov]heat ( #f ,pipe1 /eam1 ov]heat ( #b ,plumb]s at "w #c ,rags1 ov]heat ( #a ,roa/+ *icory #a ,smoke-hole1 ov]heat ( #a ,smok+ tobacco #cf ,sp>k f fire #agb ,sp>k f copp] fire #a ,sp>k f copp] flue #a ,sp>k f copp] flue adjo9+ #b ,sp>k f furnace #e ,sp>k f locomotive #i ,sp>k f oil-lamp #c ,sp>k f ov5 fire #a ,sp>k f smoke-hole #a ,spontane\s ignition #ae ,spontane\s ignition ( r$ fire #a ,/ill1 ov]heat ( #a ,/ill1 leak+ #a ,/ove1 ov]heat ( #aa ,/ove1 adjo9+1 ov]heat ( #c ,/ove1 improp]ly set #d ,/ove1 dry+1 ov]heat ( #aa ,/ove1 dry+1 adjo9+1 ov]heat ( #a ,/ove1 dry+1 rags fall+ on #a ,/ove1 iron+1 rags fall+ on #a ,/ove1 iron+1 ov]heat ( #a ,/ove1 iron+1 l95 fall+ on #a ,/ove1 gas1 ov]heat ( #aj ,sun1 heat f #b ,t>-pot upset #a ,turp5t9e upset #a ,vap\r ( spirits com+ 9 contact ) flame #h ,v>ni% com+ 9 contact ) flame #a ,unkn[n #bgf ---- ,total #aedh ,! proportion ( unkn[n causes s frequ5tly report$ is f> too l>ge4 ,an intellig5t consid]ation ( ! circum/ances :i* may give rise to *emical action w\ld (t5 solve ! difficulty4 ,!re 7 lately report$ "s curi\s fires :i* occurr$ at ,man*e/]1 caus$ by ! sl[ combu/ion ( gre5 wax-tap]s :i* _h be5 bl[n out b imp]fectly ext+ui%$4 ,! sm\ld]+ wick gradually consum$ away1 sett+ ! wax & surr\nd+ mat]ials on fire4 ,x has long be5 kn[n t gre5 wax (fice-tap]s w\ld ?us gradually sm\ld] away if !y are n c>efully ext+ui%$ aft] !y h be5 us$4 ,?is dang] aris+ f tap]s may be gu>d$ aga9/ by us+ any o!r col\r ?an gre54 ,_m ?+s popul>ly deem$ un9flammable are f> f be+ s2 = in/ance1 t9 is n a common combu/ible1 b x w burn ) consid]able en]gy "u peculi> conditions4 ,?is may be prov$ by plac+ a small portion ( nitrate ( copp] ^u a %eet ( t9-foil4 ,bo? mat]ials are inactive z long z !y are dry1 b ^u moi/5+ !m ) wat] ! *emical action fir/ heats ! t91 :i* ev5tually w break out into flame4 ,lead is n usually reg>d$ z liable to d m ?an melt1 b "u fav\rable circum/ances x w burn ) vehem5t heat4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a room fill$ ) coal-gas is by _m p]sons suppos$ to be dang]\sly explosive1 :]eas x _c ev5 take fire except+ at ! op5+s ( ! room1 :]e1 by com+ into contact ) ! air1 ! necess>y comb9ation ( atoms occurs s z to let ! gas ignite & burn4 ,z mo/ fires break out at night1 ! necessity is %[n ( exam9+ a build+ at ! late/ possible h\r4 ,9 w>eh\ses1 factories1 & su* l1 a wat*man %\ld be employ$4 ,! tell-tale clocks frequ5tly us$ to prove :e!r ! wat*man has done 8 duty are ( d\btful s]vice1 = x is bett] to rely ^u an hone/ man's c>efulness ?an to compel him to g c]ta9 fix$ r\nds :i* may prev5t 8 be+ able to give an al>m at ! "r mom5t4 ,"o wat*man is g5]ally be/ ev5 9 v l>ge build+s4 #8,an in/ance#d is on record 9 :i* a build+ /&+ 9 its own gr\nds 0 wat*$ by f\r m51 two ( :om patroll$ )9 & two )\t ! walls1 & yet ! al>m ( fire :i* happ5$ 9 ?is build+ 0 fir/ giv5 by a /reet-con/able :o happ5$ to see ! light :ile go+ r\nd 8 beat4 ,if !re _h be5 b "o wat*man1 or two1 x might h be5 possible to impute "s blame to !m1 b z !re 7 f\r x 0 mu* m reasonable to assume t !y 7 engag$ 9 pegg+ clocks or c>ry+ out "s o!r s-call$ self-regi/]+ s*eme ( record+ _! duties in/ead ( really transact+ !m4' ,) reg>d to wat*+ private h\ses ?is mu/ be left *iefly to ! police1 b x %\ld be second$ by an exam9ation made by ! ma/] himself e night ! la/ ?+ be=e retir+ to re/4 ,_m fires comm5ce f a sp>k or a% fall+ out ( ! fire :5 x is n prop]ly protect$ by a gu>d or f5d]4 ,! habit ( rak+ out a fire at night is a popul> b mis*iev\s "o4 ,if left to burn 9 ! grate !re is f> less *ance ( dang] ?an 9 rak+ out ! hot a%es1 :i* are likely to split ! he>?-/one or fall on ! floor or c>pet4 ,gas-burn]s are dang]\s :5 plac$ ne> ! ceil+4 ,a rem>kable in/ance ( ?is took place :]e a gas-jet set fire to a ceil+ #bh in*es f x4 ,m att5tion %\ld be paid to keep+ *imneys swept1 :i* op]ation %\ld be done at regul> int]vals1 & n left till ! occupi] ?9ks x is "t !y 7 done1 or is rem9d$ ( x by a black %[] ( soot fall+ "s wet day4 ,not)/&+ t all own]s ( *imneys on fire c be f9$ = neglect+ to h ! flues clean$1 x has be5 record$ t z _m z #b1dce cases ( burn+ *imneys occurr$ 9 #ahgc 9 ,london to :i* ! firem5 7 call$4 ,! numb] is s l>ge t ! p5alty appe>s to be too small to effect its object1 & might ) advantage be increas$1 z ! risk to prop]ty f ^! *imney-fires is consid]able4 ,a di/rict 9 ,liv]pool occupi$ by ! ,iri% poor is /at$ to h _h its *imneys fre$ f soot by ! summ>y process ( purposely sett+ fire to !m2 & ,i h read a /atem5t giv+ a description ( ! curi\s sight witness$ :5 a :ole di/rict _h its *imneys alight at once4 ,?is is =tunately n a fa%ionable way ( #8sweep+1' b m c>e mu/ be tak5 by ^? :o pref] ! cu/om>y mode4 ,du/b9s v (t5 cause s]i\s losses4 ,9 "o in/ance #cj1jjjl4 to #dj1jjjl4 7 lo/1 app>5tly f hot a%es be+ ?r[n into a du/b94 ,no heaps ( rubbi% or lumb] ( any sort %\ld be all[$ 9 a build+ ( any value1 & du/b9s %\ld always be plac$ 9 ! op5 air4 ,! foll[+ ) ref]5ce to ! prev5tion ( fires appe>$ 9 ! #8,build]' = ,may1 #ahfg3-- #8,keep mat*es 9 metal boxes1 & out ( ! rea* ( *ildr52 wax mat*es are p>ticul>ly dang]\s1 & %\ld be kept out ( ! way ( rats & mice2 be c>eful 9 mak+ fires ) %av+s & o!r light k9dl+2 d n deposit coal or wood a%es 9 a wood5 vessel1 & be sure burn+ c9d]s are ext+ui%$ be=e !y are deposit$2 nev] put firewood ^u ! /ove to dry1 & nev] put a%es or a light "u a /aircase2 fill fluid or _s lamps only by daylight1 & nev] ne> a fire or light2 d n leave a c&le burn+ on a bureau or a *e/2 always be cauti\s 9 ext+ui%+ mat*es & o!r light]s be=e ?r[+ !m away2 nev] ?r[ a cig>-/ump ^u ! floor or spitbox conta9+ sawdu/ or tra% )\t be+ c]ta9 t x conta9s no fire2 aft] bl[+ out a c&le nev] put x away on a %elf1 or any:]e else1 until sure t ! snuff has gone entirely out2 a light$ c&le ought n to be /uck up aga9/ a frame-wall1 or plac$ ^u any portion ( ! woodwork 9 a /able1 manufactory1 %op1 or any o!r place2 nev] ent] a b>n or /able at night ) an uncov]$ light2 nev] take an op5 light to exam9e a gas-met]2 d n put gas or o!r lights ne> curta9s2 nev] take a light into a closet2 d n read 9 b$1 ei!r by c&le or lamp light4 #8,! pr9cipal regi/] ( a furnace %\ld always be fa/5$ op52 /ove-pipes %\ld be at lea/ f\r in*es f woodwork1 & well gu>d$ by t9 or z9c2 rags ought nev] to be /uff$ into /ove-pipe holes2 op5+s 9 *imney-flues = /ove-pipes :i* are n us$ ought always to be securely protect$ by metallic cov]+s2 nev] close up a place ( bus9ess 9 ! ev5+ )\t look+ well to ! ext+ui%+ ( lights1 & ! prop] security ( ! fires2 :5 retir+ to b$ at night always see t !re is no dang] f y\r fires4' ,if ^! directions c all be con/antly obs]v$1 we may h a tol]able s5se ( security4 ,) respect to ! detection ( fires !re is v little to say2 = ?\gh _m plans = arrang+ electric wires1 or tubes ) c]ta9 *emicals inside1 h be5 tri$1 ,i "k ( none t h met ) g5]al acceptance4 ,! tru? is1 if !re 7 any press+ dem& = su* a ?+1 pl5ty ( s5sible inv5tions w\ld be =?com+2 b fire g5]ally discov]s itself be=e any?+ else w\ld %[ t x exi/$1 & !re=e our en]gies are *iefly direct$ to ! ext9ction ( x :5 once begun4 ,! numb] ( lives endang]$ by fire is s num]\s t ,i feel ! subject w\ld n be complete )\t a few words respect+ escape f a burn+ h\se4 ,! apa?y t exi/s z to ! be/ means ( gett+ safely f su* a p]il\s position c only be acc\nt$ = on ! supposition t ! probability ( fire is too small to induce p to ?9k s]i\sly ( x4 ,b a "t is likely to come 9 ! lives ( "s ( u :5 previ\s ?\ght on ! subject may become ( enorm\s importance2 & al?\gh at su* a critical mom5t1 :51 p]haps ar\s$ f a s\nd sleep1 "o f9ds oneself 9 a h\se on fire1 pres5ce ( m9d is ! fir/ ?+ requir$1 yet a few simple sugge/ions t w />t to ! memory may be ( value4 ,if on ! fir/ discov]y ( ! fire x is f\nd to be conf9$ to "o room1 & to h made b little progress1 x is ( ! utmo/ importance to %ut1 & keep %ut1 all doors & w9d[s4 ,on ?is p>ticul> ,mr4 ,braidwood said3 #8,x may (t5 be obs]v$1 aft] a h\se has be5 on fire1 t "o floor is comp>atively unt\*$1 :ile ^? above & bel[ are ne>ly burn$ out4 ,?is arises f ! doors on t p>ticul> floor hav+ be5 %ut1 & ! draught direct$ else:]e4 ,if ! fire appe>s at all s]i\s1 & !re are fire-eng9es at a reasonable di/ance1 x is be/ to await _! arrival1 z _m build+s h be5 lo/ f op5+ ! doors & attempt+ to ext+ui% fires ) inadequate means4 ,if no eng9es are )9 rea*1 & y h n a h&-pump or an ext9cteur1 ! next be/ ?+ is to collect z _m buckets outside ! room on fire z c be obta9$1 keep+ ! door %ut :ile m wat] is be+ collect$4' ,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 a valuable inv5tion has be5 br\ght =w>d1 by use ( :i* a p]son may ent] d5se smoke t x w\ld be o!rwise impossible to exi/ 94 ,! ,smoke ,respirator1 :i* has ! unattractive appe>ance %[n by ! engrav+1 is an app>atus to act z a filt] = ! sep>ation ( ! pure air f an atmosph]e *>g$ ) impurities detrim5tal to ! heal?y action ( ! lungs4 ,x is on ! sy/em spok5 ( & recomm5d$ by ,pr(essor ,tyndall1 9 8 popul> lectures ^u #8,du/ & ,smoke1' & is useful = o!r purposes ?an t already nam$1 su* z 9 ! case ( metal-gr9d+1 or 9 clean+ cotton1 :]e ! op]ators are subject to inconv5i5ce f p>ticles ( du/4 ,i m5tion ?is respirator because x n only s]ves ! firem5 9 ent]+ build+s1 b w\ld prev5t _m ( ! dea?s caus$ 9 case ( fire by suffocation4 ,9 lieu ( ?is1 h[ev]1 a r\gh-&-ready protection f brea?+ ! smoke may be _h by ?or\ghly wett+ a t[el & fa/5+ x firmly r\nd ! face ov] ! m\? & no/rils4 ,if ,i rememb] rightly1 a man sav$ 8 life by do+ ?is :5 ! ,/> & ,g>t] ,hotel1 at ,ri*mond1 0 de/roy$ by fire4 ,illu/ration ,b if ! flames h too great a hold to all[ ( escape by ! /aircase or ro(1 & ! w9d[ ( ! room is ! only means ( egress1 ! situation becomes a s]i\s "o1 unless its possibility has be5 =ese5 & gu>d$ aga9/4 ,only z ! la/ res\rce %\ld a p]son run ! risk ( jump+ to ! gr\nd2 ei!r endeav\r by ty+ ! b$clo!s toge!r to make "s sort ( rope1 fa/5+ "o end to a heavy piece ( furniture1 & go+ d[n ! rope h&-ov]-h&--a r difficult ?+ to d )\t practice--or1 if )9 rea* ( "o1 wait z long z possible = ! arrival ( a fire-escape or ladd]4 ,"s p always keep a /\t knott$ rope 9 _! room1 & h an iron hook fix$ inside ! w9d[1 to :i* x may be affix$4 ,?is c]ta9ly gives a *ance ( escape1 b aft] all x is f ! outside t ! mo/ effectual assi/ance c be _h4 ,capta9 ,%aw's exp]i5ce is t ! dang] to life is increas+1 because ( ! enorm\s height to :i* build+s 9 ,london are be+ c>ri$1 )\t any precautions :atev] = safety 9 ! upp] /oreys4 ,he /ates t a #8fire-escape su* z ^? n[ 9 use c1 imm$iately on its arrival1 rea* a height ( #cj feet2 aft] ab\t half a m9ute's delay1 ab\t #dj feet2 aft] a m9ute's delay1 x c rea* #ej feet1 b x _c rea* high]2 &1 consequ5tly1 p]sons liv+ 9 ! l(ty build+s s common 9 ! metropolis %\ld inv>iably make _! own arrangem5ts = gett+ d[n ext]nally to spots )9 rea* ( ^! ma*9es1 :i* are at pres5t ! only means ( escape available f ! outside4 ,= ?is purpose !re are _m obvi\s plans :i* might be adopt$1 b among ^! !re are two :i* appe> to be specially easy ( atta9m5t1 & )9 ! rea* ( all conc]n$1 at a mod]ate co/4 ,! fir/ is to fix on build+s ext]nal ladd]s ( wr\ght-iron or "s o!r mat]ial able to resi/ ! effects ( fire at its comm5cem5t1 & ext5d+ f ! ro( to )9 #dj feet ( ! gr\nd2 ! o!r1 to provide on e /orey cont9u\s balconies ( wr\ght-iron or any o!r mat]ial pro( aga9/ imm$iate de/ruction by heat2 & if ! balconies on ! sev]al /oreys 7 made to communicate ) ea* o!r by means ( ext]nal /airs1 great additional safety w\ld be atta9$4 ,inde$1 ) su* an arrangem5t x is c]ta9 t heavy loss ( life w\ld be mo/ improbable 9 any fire1 h[ev] rapid 9 its action & o!rwise s]i\s 9 its results4 ,9 r[s ( h\ses ! use ( balconies is manife/1 b ev5 9 deta*$ build+s !re c be v little d\bt t1 if suffici5tly long1 !y w\ld s]ve z a means ( egress = ^? inside1 & ( access = ^? giv+ help f )\t4 ,x may be assum$ t ! reason ( _! n be+ g5]ally adopt$ is ! d\ble fe> :i* own]s ( premises h--fir/1 ( _! s]vants & o!r inmates gett+ out too frequ5tly2 secondly1 ( p]sons break+ 9 = improp] purposes4 ,b ^? :o gu>d !mselves f ^! dang]s %\ld rememb] at :at co/ !y d s1 & %\ld be prep>$ to accept ! results ( a fire1 caus+ loss ( life or prop]ty1 z ! direct & inevitable consequ5ce ( _! own /ate ( prep>ation4' ,capta9 ,%aw goes on to say3 #8,i h always hop$ to procure high] ladd]s ?an ^? n[ 9 use1 )9 ! limits ( weight to :i*1 = ! sake ( rapid travell+1 ,i h be5 compell$ to re/rict myself2 & ,i take ?is opportunity ( repeat+ "h :at ,i h = ye>s expla9$ to all inv5tors :o h come to me f v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w on ! subject1 viz41 t our pres5t ma*9es1 ! runn+ weight ( :i* is "u #ad cwt41 are capable ( ?r[+ to a height ( ab\t #ej feet1 & ( c>ry+ half-a-ton weight on ! weake/ "p :5 s ext5d$1 & t any ma*9e :i* c be rapidly run & work$ z ^! are by "o skill$ man & two unskill$ assi/ants1 & c ?r[ to a great] height1 w\ld be consid]$ an improvem5t1 provid$ t x c safely c>ry ! same weight & is free f any complicat$ ge>+ likely to cause delay or difficulty :5 subject$ to r\gh usage 9 ! d>k4' ,mr4 ,wright1 ! ,secret>y ( ! ,royal ,society = ! ,protection ( ,life f ,fire1 has k9dly plac$ at my disposal ! foll[+ directions = sav+ life at fires1 be+ ! result ( long & v>i$ exp]i5ce4 ,i und]/& he is desir\s ( spread+ ! k ?us ga9$1 & w be happy to s5d ^! directions1 pr9t$ on a l>ge scale1 to any p]son :o w get !m hung up :]e o!rs may read & pr(it by !m3-- ,,pla9 ,,directions ,,= ,,aid+ ,,endang]$ ,,p]sons ,,to ,,escape ,,f ,,build+s ,,on ,,fire1 ,,avoid+ ,,accid5ts1 ,,& ,,= ,,! ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,injuries4 ,! want ( coolness & pres5ce ( m9d at ! "t ( an al>m ( fire is by f> ! greate/ h9drance to an escape1 & = ?is no regulation c be laid d[n2 b a few simple directions to be obs]v$ by ! by/&]s & inmates1 well consid]$ & reflect$ ^u 9 "t ( safety1 w 9 a great measure t5d to discreet & successful ef=ts 9 ! h\r ( dang]4 ,= ,by/&]s4 #a4 ,imm$iately on ! fire be+ discov]$ give an al>m to ! ne>e/ fire-escape /ation1 n delay+ an in/ant2 d n wait to see if x is want$4 ,life is m preci\s ?an prop]ty1 & ev5ts h too (t5 prov$ h[ fatal ev5 a mom5t's hesitation is 9 s5d+ = ! fire-escape4 ,x is ! fire-escape man's duty to proce$ to ! place ( al>m imm$iately4 #b4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a fire-escape1 or p5d+ its arrival1 ladd]s & ropes %\ld be s\ght =4 ,two con/ables or o!r qualifi$ p]sons %\ld asc5d to ! ro( ?r\gh ! adjo9+ h\ses4 ,! mo/ effici5t assi/ance c sometimes be r5d]$ by an entrance to ! upp] "p ( ! h\se on fire1 ei!r by ! attic w9d[s1 ! l(t-door1 or by remov+ ! tiles2 or sometimes ! aid ( "o end ( a rope 7knott$7 might be af=d$ f ! adjo9+ w9d[1 :i*1 be+ pass$ by ! p]son 9 dang] r\nd "s article 9 ! room1 he c\ld l[] himself or o!rs into ! /reet1 & ! o!r end ( ! rope be+ controll$ ( c\rse by ^? r5d]+ ! aid f ! adjo9+ h\se4 ,a %ort ladd] c (t5 be made available at ! second or p]haps ! ?ird1 floor ( h\ses built ) a balcony or portico1 by ! con/able or o!r p]son fir/ asc5d+ to ! balcony1 & !n plac+ ! ladd] !reon1 rea* ! rooms above4 #c4 ,9 a n>r[ /reet or c\rt assi/ance may be giv5 f ! w9d[s ( ! opposite h\se1 p>ticul>ly by a ladd] plac$ across ! /reet f w9d[ to w9d[4 #d4 ,:5 no o!r means pres5t !mselves ! by/&]s _h bett] collect b$d+ at h&1 9 case ! inmates ?r[ !mselves f ! w9d[s4 ,a blanket or c>pet held /ret*$ out by sev]al p]sons w s]ve ! purpose4 ,! ,metropolitan ,fire ,escape ,brigade c>ry jump+-%eets ) !m = use ^u em]g5cy4 #e4 ,d n give v5t to ! fire by break+ into ! h\se unnecess>ily f )\t1 or1 if an inmate1 by op5+ doors or w9d[s4 ,make a po9t ( %utt+ e door aft] y z y g ?r\gh ! h\se4 ,= ,inmates4 #a4 ,e h\sehold] %\ld make ea* p]son 9 8 h\se acqua9t$ ) ! be/ means ( escape1 :e!r ! fire breaks out at ! top or ! bottom4 ,provide fire-gu>ds = use 9 e room :]e !re is a fire1 & let x be a rule ( ! h\sehold n to rake out a fire be=e retir+ = ! night1 b to leave ! gu>d on4 ,9 secur+ ! /reet-door & l[] w9d[s = ! night avoid complicat$ fa/5+s or imp$im5ts to imm$iate outlets 9 case ( fire4 ,descriptions & draw+s ( fire-escapes = keep+ 9 dwell+-h\ses may be se5 ^u application at ! (fices ( ! ,royal ,society = ! ,protection ( ,life f ,fire1 #ff ,ludgate ,hill4 #b4 ,inmates at ! fir/ al>m %\ld endeav\r calmly to reflect :at means ( escape !re are 9 ! h\se4 ,if 9 b$ at ! "t1 wrap !mselves 9 a blanket or b$side c>pet2 op5 nei!r w9d[s nor doors m ?an necess>y2 %ut e door aft] !m 7?is is mo/ important to obs]ve74 #c4 ,9 ! mid/ ( smoke x is comp>atively cle> t[>ds ! gr\nd2 consequ5tly1 progress ?r\gh smoke c be made on ! h&s & knees4 ,a silk h&k]*ief1 wor/$ /ock+s1 or o!r flannel sub/ance1 wett$ & drawn ov] ! face1 p]mits free brea?+1 & excludes to a great ext5t ! smoke f ! lungs4 ,a wet sponge is alike efficaci\s4 #d4 ,9 ! ev5t ( be+ unable to escape ei!r by ! /reet-door or ro(1 ! p]sons 9 dang] %\ld imm$iately make _! way to a front-room w9d[1 tak+ c>e to close ! door aft] !m2 & ^? :o h ! *>ge ( ! h\sehold %\ld asc]ta9 t e individual is !re assembl$4 #e4 ,p]sons ?us circum/anc$ are entreat$ n to precipitate !mselves f ! w9d[ :ile !re rema9s ! lea/ probability ( assi/ance2 & ev5 9 ! la/ extremity a pla9 rope is invaluable1 or rec\rse may be _h to jo9+ %eets or blankets toge!r1 fa/5+ "o end r\nd a b$po/ or o!r furniture4 ,?is w enable "o p]son to l[] all ! o!rs sep>ately1 & ! la/ may let himself d[n ) comp>atively little risk4 ,select a w9d[ ov] ! doorway r ?an ov] ! area4 #f4 ,d n give v5t to ! fire by break+ into ! h\se unnecess>ily f )\t1 or1 if an inmate1 by op5+ doors or w9d[s4 ,make a po9t ( %utt+ e door aft] y z y g ?r\gh ! h\se4 ,= ?is purpose doors enclos+ ! /aircase are v useful4 ,accid5ts to ,p]sons4 #a4 ,^u discov]+ y\rself on fire reflect t y\r greate/ dang] arises f draught to ! flames1 & f _! ris+ upw>ds4 ,?r[ y\rself on ! gr\nd1 & roll ov] on ! flame1 if possible1 on ! rug or loose drugget1 :i* drag "u y2 ! table-cov]1 a man's coat1 any?+ ( ! k9d at h&1 w s]ve y\r purpose4 ,scream = assi/ance1 r+ ! bell1 b d n run out ( ! room or rema9 9 an upright position4 #b4 ,p]sons especially expos$ to a risk ( _! dresses tak+ fire %\ld adopt ! precaution ( hav+ all l95 & cotton fabrics wa%$ 9 a weak solution ( *loride ( z9c1 alum1 or tung/ate ( soda4 #c4 ,z a means = ! prev5tion ( accid5ts1 especially :]e !re are wom5 & *ildr51 ! provision ( a fire-gu>d is urg5tly recomm5d$4 ,^! are n[ made at su* a reasonable price t x is incumb5t ^u ev5 ! poore/ to obta9 !m4 ,! ,royal ,society h x 9 contemplation to give ord]s on manufactur]s at a r$uc$ price to subscrib]s' recomm5dations4 ,treatm5t ( ,injuries4 #a4 ,s5d = m$ical aid4 ,let ! suff]] be put to b$ z quickly z possible2 remove all rema9s ( clo?+ ab\t ! injur$ p>ts1 cutt+ ) extreme caution1 z x is ( ! fir/ importance to avoid te>+ ! sk9 or break+ a bli/]4 #b4 ,z ! readie/ ?+ at h&1 cov] all ! injur$ p>ts t5d]ly ) clean cotton or wool1 :at is commonly kn[n z wadd+1 ! clean] & pur] ! bett] 7! be/ = ! purpose is kept by druggi/s72 x relieves by exclud+ ! air4 ,l95 rag soak$ 9 a mixture ( equal p>ts ( lime-wat] & l9se$-oil also =ms a good dress+4 ,common :it+ is v good appli$ wet1 & cont9ually damp$ ) a sponge4 #c4 ,x is bett] to avoid cold applications2 !y c]ta9ly allay pa91 b unless ! cold be ma9ta9$ ! mom5t>y relief is foll[$ by a consid]able aggravation ( ! suff]+4 ,9 ext5sive burns1 moreov]1 cold wat] freely appli$ is n unatt5d$ by dang]4 #d4 ,f ?irty-six to fifty h\rs aft] ! injury ! bli/]s w pres5t a milky appe>ance1 & %[ surr\nd+ inflammation4 ,:5 ?is is ! case !y may be op5$ ) ! po9t ( a l>ge ne$le4 ,dress+ = burns may !n be simply wax & oil spread on l9t2 b s mu* dep5ds on circum/ances & ! /ate ( heal? ( ! suff]]1 t x is desirable z soon z possible to secure m$ical att5dance4 #e4 ,to recov] a p]son 9 a /ate ( ins5sibility f ! effect ( smoke1 da% cold wat] 9 ! face1 or cold & hot wat] alt]nately4 ,%\ld ?is fail1 turn him on 8 face1 ) ! arms fold$ "u 8 =ehead4 ,apply pressure along ! back & ribs1 & turn ! body gradually on ! side2 !n aga9 sl[ly on ! face1 repeat+ ! pressure on ! back4 ,p]sev]e ) ^! alt]nate roll+ movem5ts ab\t sixte5 times 9 a m9ute1 until respiration is re/or$4 ,a w>m ba? w n[ complete ! recov]y4 ,z to ! orig9 ( fires1 a li/ has already be5 giv5 ( ! v>i\s causes ( fires la/ ye>1 b ,i may supplem5t x by "o or two in/ances wor?y ( notice4 ,spontane\s combu/ion is (t5 a cause ( de/ruction1 & a curi\s example ( ?is 0 :5 a mass ( iron fil+s & turn+s1 :i* _h be5 all[$ to accumulate at a l>ge factory1 ignit$4 ,! heap 0 spr9kl$ day by day ) wat] 9 ! process ( lay+ ! du/ previ\sly to sweep+ ! floor4 ,"o night1 aft] all ! m5 _h left1 a fire broke out1 :i* 0 soon arre/$2 b 0 mo/ cle>ly trac$ to ! spontane\s combu/ion ( ! iron turn+s4 ,x is well kn[n t iron decomposes wat]1 comb9+ ) its oxyg5 & lib]at+ its hydrog51 & 9 ?is case ! grease on ! turn+s 0 oxydis$ at ! exp5se ( oxyg51 cond5s$ by ! f9ely-divid$ metal1 & s l5t its aid 9 rais+ ! temp]ature2 & ?us ! heat soon rea*$ a po9t t set fire to ! wood 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,! uselessness ( cov]+ wood ) %eet or ca/ iron1 :i* has be5 b rec5tly %[n at ! ,pante*nicon1 0 also exemplifi$ 9 a fire :i* happ5$ at ! ,bank ( ,engl& _m ye>s s9ce4 ,! he>? on :i* ! /ove 0 plac$ 0 ca/-iron an in* ?ick1 ) #b in*es ( concrete und]nea? x1 b ! timb] bel[ t 0 fir$4 ,x is difficult to acc\nt = ?is unless !re _h be5 "s bad workman%ip or an undiscov]$ flaw exi/+ 9 ! iron or a crack 9 ! concrete4 ,a r uncommon case1 al?\gh x might h be5 s]i\s 9 its results1 0 t ( a fire caus$ by an inc5di>y 9 ! c\nt+-h\se ( a relation ( m9e4 ,"o night a man got access to ! adjo9+ w>eh\se1 & int5d+ to /eal ! wages he wrongly suspect$ 7 9 ! (fice ready = pay+ away on ! morr[1 broke ?r\gh ! la?-&-pla/] wall4 ,) mu* difficulty he got 92 b1 f9d+ no plund]1 9 8 disappo9tm5t he set fire to a heap ( pap]s & ha/5$ to retreat4 ,b ! hole he came 9 at =m$1 9 consequ5ce ( ! brok5 la?s1 a sort ( eel-trap1 & he 0 9 great dang] ( be+ burnt alive4 ,f9ally he got ?r\gh1 ! fire burnt itself out )\t great damage1 & ! burgl>y 0 discov]$4 ,! man n long aft]w>ds 0 caught1 & s5t5c$ to ! p5al s]vitude he s ri*ly des]v$4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,ext9ction ,,( ,,fire4 ,"o ( ! mo/ primitive ways ( prep>+ to ext+ui% any fire t might arise is ! foll[+ rule adopt$ by ! ,city ( ,london 9 ! reign ( ,ri*>d ,i4 #8,item4 ,t all p]sons :o occupy great h\ses h 9 summ] "t1 & especially betwe5 ! ,fea/ ( ,p5teco/ & ! ,fea/ ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew1 be=e _! doors a b>rel full ( wat] = qu5*+ fire1 if x be n a h\se :i* has a f\nta9 ( its own4' ,b !re 0 s\nd wisdom 9 ?is1 = ! wat] w\ld be at h& = in/ant use1 &1 z /at$ else:]e1 a gallon ( wat] at ! comm5cem5t ( a fire is wor? m ?an hundr$s ( gallons a little lat]4 ,x is well kn[n t a small eng9e at a l>ge fire does m h>m ?an good2 & x is also well kn[n t a small quantity ( wat] ?r[n on a l>ge am\nt ( burn+ sub/ances becomes decompos$ & increases ! activity ( ! burn+4 ,mr4 ,grove has publi%$ p>ticul>s ( "s int]e/+ exp]im5ts conduct$ by him1 9 :i* he f\nd t wat] 9 contact ) highly-heat$ plat9um 0 decompos$ & resolv$ into its elem5ts1 oxyg5 & hydrog51 & t ! gase\s mixture ?us produc$ burn$ ) an activity am\nt+ to an explosion4 ,wat] acts 9 ext+ui%+ fire by its cool+ influ5ce alone1 & conta9s 9 itself ! v elem5ts ( fire1 s t :5 decompos$ by a high temp]ature x w burn vigor\sly4 ,?us x is t a small quantity ( wat] ?r[n on a l>ge fire (t5 does s]i\s mis*ief4 ,! me?ods ( ext+ui%+ fire are two1 me*anical & *emical4 ,! use ( wat]1 = ! be=e-nam$ reasons1 ranks among ! =m]1 & its mo/ successful application is by means ( ! /eam fire-eng9e4 ,!re are _m sub/ances t *emically oppose combu/ion1 & p]haps ! be/-kn[n m$ium ( ^! = ! purpose is ,s9clair's fire ext]m9ator4 ,^! be+ repres5tatives ( _! respective classes1 a %ort description may be ( "s value3-- ,! fire-ext]m9ator appe>s outw>dly z %[n by ! engrav+1 & is arrang$ s t x c be spe$ily & easily c>ri$ on a man's back4 ,!re are v>i\s details z to ! inn] /ructure :i* ne$ n be giv5 "h1 b 9 brief x has inside x a solution ( c>bonic acid gas4 ,x may be call$ a l>ge soda-wat] bottle *>g$ ) gas & incombu/ible *emicals "u great pressure4 ,illu/ration ,! *>ge ( acid is conta9$ 9 a glass vessel1 & ?is is s arrang$ t :5 ! ma*9e is want$1 a bl[ on ! top ) a mallet causes ! *emicals to unite1 & produce1 :5 9 op]ation1 a /ream ( fluid :i* c be project$ fifty feet aga9/ fire ) c]ta9ty ( success4 ,! value ( ?is ma*9e is increas$ by ! fact t a c]ta9 measure ( incombu/ibility is communicat$ to burn+ bodies aft] !y h be5 op]at$ ^u by ! *emical solution4 ,s _m s]i\s fires c\ld be /opp$ 9 _! comm5cem5t if prop] means 7 at h&1 t ! importance ( p[]ful ma*9es 9 small compass1 su* z ^!1 _c be ov]-e/imat$2 & _! effici5cy is prov$ by !re be+ no less ?an #de1jjj 9 use1 & #f1jjj fires hav+ be5 ext+ui%$ by !m4 ,x is calculat$ by actual op]ations t "o gallon ( ! *emical *>ge 9 an ext]m9ator w d z mu* good z tw5ty-five gallons ( wat]4 ,pass+ to ! highe/ type ( me*anical me?ods n[ 9 use1 we h to consid] a m complete b wond]ful ma*9e1 ! /eam fire-eng9e4 ,)9 ! lifetime ( a "y man su* an inv5tion 0 unkn[n to ! bulk ( p1 & _h n come into g5]al adoption2 9 its place 7 p>i% h&-eng9es1 & a few kept up by ! ,fire ,insurance ,companies ( ,london4 ,!re 0 no sy/em "u :i* ! firem5 work$1 no "o responsible if ! eng9e 0 out ( ord]1 or any unt[>d accid5t happ5$2 & until ! great ,tooley ,/reet fire discov]$ ! al>m+ possibility ( ano!r ,fire ( ,london1 ! public seem$ well cont5t to leave _! protection f fire *iefly to *ance4 ,"s rem>kable revelations conc]n+ ! /ate ( fire-eng9es 9 ^! e>ly days may be f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,"y's exhau/ive "w on #8,fires & ,fire ,eng9es4' ,he gives an in/ance 9 :i* a woman 0 f\nd to be manag] ( two p>i% eng9es2 h] husb& _h be5 sexton & p>i% eng9e]2 & :5 he di$1 ! p>i% au?orities1 n kn[+ :at to d ) ! wid[1 appo9t$ h] z eng9e]4 ,a writ] 9 ! #8,qu>t]ly ,review' = ,decemb] #ahed relates t ,mrs4 ,smi? might be se5 at conflagrations hurry+ ab\t 9 h] patt5s direct+ ! firem5 ( ! eng9e4 ,! pres5t ext5sive application ( /eam-p[] = work+ fire-eng9es has aris5 f ! manife/ inability ( h&-work$ ma*9es to arre/ ! progress ( l>ge fires2 f ! v b5eficial results t are atta9$ by ! use ( /eam fire-eng9es ev5 at small fires2 &1 la/ly1 f ! great improvem5ts t h be5 made 9 ! portable /eam-eng9e )9 ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,! fir/ /eam fire-eng9e 0 con/ruct$ by ,brai?waite1 ( ,london1 9 #ahcj 7be=e ! =mation ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade71 b ! recognition ( ?is valuable inv5tion z a regul> fire brigade appliance did n take place till tw5ty-two ye>s lat]1 :5 its public use 0 e/abli%$ 9 ,new ,york4 ,9 ! same ye> 7#aheb7 ! ,london ,fire ,brigade employ$ ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason to apply /eam p[] to "o ( _! h&-work$ float+ fire-ma*9es1 & 7 s satisfi$ ) ! results t !y imm$iately procur$ an entirely new self-propell+ float+ /eam-eng9e1 con/ruct$ ^u designs suppli$ 9 competition by ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason1 aft] receiv+ ! approval ( ! late ,mr4 ,walk]1 eng9e]1 ( ,great ,george ,/reet4 ,?is is /ill ! mo/ p[]ful effici5t /eam float+ fire-eng9e t has be5 con/ruct$1 & is 9 use = riv]-side "w 9 ,london4 ,9 #ahfa ! same firm suppli$ ! fir/ l&-eng9e 7s+le horizontal7 pur*as$ by ! ,london ,fire ,brigade1 :i* is /ill 9 excell5t ord]4 ,_m o!rs h be5 s9ce built by !m1 & also by ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r & ,sons1 ^! two firms be+ ! be/ kn[n fire-eng9e mak]s4 ,/eam fire-eng9es comprise ?ree classes2 l&1 float+1 & fix$4 ,! appe>ance ( ! l&-eng9e is n[ famili> to all ! dwell]s 9 our l>ge t[ns1 mo/ ( :om h se5 x 9 its rapid progress to a fire1 drawn by horses1 & c>ry+ its complem5t ( firem54 ,float+ /eam-eng9es are desirable 9 ports & docks1 :]e w>eh\ses & /oreh\ses ( goods are 9 imm$iate proximity to wat]4 ,!y are self-propell+1 or are plac$ 9 a vessel to be mov$ ab\t by /eam tugs4 ,fix$ /eam fire-eng9es are plac$ 9 manufactories & o!r places :]e ! /eam boil]s are already 9 use1 ! /eam f :i* is available bo? day & night = work+ ! eng9e4 ,! use ( ^! fix$ eng9es is ( c\rse limit$ to ! premises :]e !y are situat$1 b ^! !y protect effici5tly by means ( an arrangem5t ( fix$ ca/-iron pipes1 ) outlets = atta*+ flexible hose2 & be+ )\t ! boil]1 c>riage1 axles1 spr+s1 c41 ( ! l& /eam fire-eng9e1 ! co/ is v mu* r$uc$4 ,messrs4 ,%& & ,mason's eng9es 7see engrav+ on page #abg7 are all direct-act+1 ! /eam & wat] pi/ons be+ connect$ by rigid rods1 )\t ! int]v5tion ( any jo9ts1 s t ! =ce communicat$ by ! /eam to ! /eam-pi/on is in/antane\sly transmitt$ to ! wat]-pi/on )\t any %ock or bl[4 ,a crank is us$ to fix ! l5g? ( ! /roke1 & to obta9 a rot>y motion ) :i* to "w ! slide valve by an #8ecc5tric1' z 9 ! ord9>y /eam-eng9e3 a small fly-:eel is us$ 9 _! s+le v]tical1 b none is requir$ 9 _! d\ble or treble cyl9d]1 nor 9 ! pat5t horizontal eng9es4 ,a great advantage1 9 ,messrs4 ,%&'s op9ion1 att5d+ ! use ( a rot>y motion = /eam fire-eng9es is1 t x c be put 9 motion by h& 9 ! eng9e-h\se z (t5 z is necess>y to prev5t any ( ! work+ p>ts gett+ fix$ ?r\gh be+ out ( use4 ,9 eng9es hav+ no rot>y motion ?is _c be done )\t gett+ up /eam1 & frequ5tly at fires ! pi/ons h be5 f\nd immovable1 caus+ mu* valuable "t to be lo/4 ,an eng9e ) rot>y motion does its "w 9 a smoo? & ev5 mann]1 ) a m9imum ( att5dance on ! "p ( ! man 9 *>ge1 & )\t ! %ocks1 j]ks1 & irregul> movem5t frequ5tly f\nd 9 ^? con/ruct$ )\t x4 ,! eng9es made by ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r are 9 outw>d appe>ance some:at simil> to ^? j m5tion$1 b diff] 9 con/ructional detail2 ! rot>y motion is altoge!r disp5s$ )2 ! p[] is transmitt$ direct2 & ! work+ p>ts are p]haps few]4 ,?is firm adopts long /rokes ( pi/on1 & l>ge cubical cont5ts ( cyl9d]s2 !re are no cranks or dead c5tres1 & ?us ! eng9es are /at$ to d a full am\nt ( "w ) l[] /eam pressure & at less spe$4 ,be+ direct act+1 )\t fly-:eels1 !y "w at any requir$ spe$ to ! maximum2 x is /at$ !y c be />t$ 9 any position1 & nev] set fa/4 ,! eng9e engrav$ on page #abd is nam$ ! #8,fir/ ,gr& ,prize1' & is provid$ ) seats = firem51 coal bunk]s1 wat] tanks1 c4 ,x is said to raise /eam f cold wat] to work+ pressure 9 sev5 to eight m9utes f ! "t ( light+ ! fire2 & to be capable ( pump+ #fjj gallons p] m9ute to a height ( #ahj feet4 ,! pres5t price ( ?is eng9e1 includ+ ! v>i\s fixtures & fitt+s1 is #hbjl4 ,! mo/ important "p ( a ,/eam ,fire-,eng9e is ! boil]1 :i* %\ld be ( su* a nature z to supply ! greate/ am\nt ( /eam 9 ! %orte/ possible space ( "t4 ,messrs4 ,m]rywea!r h adopt$ ! sy/em inv5t$ by ,mr4 ,field1 :i* has already = "s ye>s giv5 su* excell5t results 9 ,engl&4 ,! di/9ctive feature consi/s 9 clos$ tubes susp5d$ 9 su* a mann] z to be completely surr\nd$ by ! frame ( ! furnace2 ^! tubes communicate by only "o extremity ) ! boil]3 inside ( !m are small] tubes1 op5 at bo? ends1 & ) ! upp] ends wid5$ out 9 ! =m ( a funnel4 ,! release ( ! /eam produc$1 & ,illu/ration3 #8,,fir/ ,,gr& ,,prize' ,,pat5t ,,/eam ,,fire-,,eng9es ,,con/ruct$ ,,by ,,messrs4 ,,m]rywea!r ,,& ,,sons ,illu/ration3 ,,boil] ,,( ,,messrs4 ,,m]rywea!r ,,& ,,sons' ,,/eam ,,fire-,,eng9e4 ! supply ( fre% wat] = conv]sion into /eam1 is v rapid & takes place ) ease4 ,messrs4 ,%&1 ,mason & ,co4's #8,pat5t ,incl9$ ,wat]-tube ,boil]' is n[ appli$ by !m to all ,/eam ,fire-,eng9es ( _! con/ruction1 z well z = a v>iety ( purposes :]e x is desirable to secure ! greate/ possible am\nt ( p[] 9 ! smalle/ space1 comb9$ ) effici5cy1 economy ( fuel1 & durability ( con/ruction4 ,= ,/eam ,fire-,eng9es1 /eam ( #ajj lbs4 pressure c be rais$ 9 six m9utes & ?irty-five seconds f light+ ! fire1 :ile = g5]al purposes an increase 9 ! numb] ( lay]s ( tubes is made1 to ! ext5t ( r5d]+ ! boil] mo/ economical z reg>ds fuel4 ,! boil] is con/ruct$ 9 two pieces1 bolt$ toge!r by an angle iron-fac$ jo9t1 :i* af=ds imm$iate access to ! :ole ( ! int]ior2 b on acc\nt ( ! rapid circulation ( wat] 9 ! tubes1 ?is feature1 al?\gh reta9$1 is n f\nd necess>y 9 practice4 ,b[l+ iron only is us$1 ) ! longitud9al seams weld$1 & all holes1 :e!r = rivets or bolts1 are drill$ & n pun*$4 ,! tubes are ( homog5e\s metal1 & z ! pressure is inside1 & ! ends are remov$ f ! hotte/ "p ( ! fire1 no leakage :atev] takes place1 :ile ! complete ?r\gh passage 9 ! tubes1 comb9$ ) _! incl9$ position1 prev5ts ! accumulation ( deposit1 :i* 9 practice inv>iably takes place 9 tubes :]e "o ( ! ends is clos$4 ,! ,cyl9drical ,tube ,plate & ! tubes be+ expos$ to equal am\nts ( heat1 x foll[s t ! diamet] ( ! tube plate increases by expansion to exactly ! same ext5t z ! tubes l5g!n1 s t no displacem5t ( ! ends ( ! tubes c take place f alt]nate expansion & contraction4 ,! ,fire ,box is surr\nd$ by a wat] space1 :i* economises fuel1 & avoids ! necessity = a l9+ ( ,illu/ration3 ,,messrs4 ,,%&1 ,,mason ,,& ,,co',s ,,/eam ,,fire-,,eng9e2 ,,z ,,us$ ,,by ,,! ,,metropolitan ,,fire ,,brigade4 fire-bricks & fire-clay1 ! replac+ & keep+ 9 ord] ( ?is be+ 9 "s ,/eam ,fire-,eng9es a fruitful s\rce ( annoyance4 ,! work+ /eam pressure ( ,%&1 ,mason & ,co4's ,eng9es 9 ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade is #ajj lbs4 on ! squ>e in*1 & ! safety valves are con/ruct$ s t ! man 9 *>ge _c exce$ ?is2 b ! boil]s are prov$ to #cjj lbs41 & ! eng9es may be work$ ) ! greate/ safety at a pressure ( #aej lbs4 on ! squ>e in*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #a4 ,fig4 #a is a sectional elevation ( boil]2 fig4 #b1 an elevation ( absorption *amb]2 fig4 #c1 a plan ( same4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig4 #c4 ,a1 ! furnace2 ,b1 ! absorption *amb] section$ on ! l9e ,i1 ,j1 fig4 #c2 ,c1 ! *imney or funnel2 ,d1 ! out] %ell2 ,e1 ! /eam *e/2 ,f1 ! n>r[e/ "p ( ecc5tric wat] space ?r\gh :i* ! tubes are suppli$ ) wat] at _! l[] ends2 ,k1 ! wide/ "p ( ecc5tric wat] space ?r\gh :i* ! upp] ends ( ! tubes deliv] ! /eam produc$ f ! heat absorb$ by ! tubes1 & transmitt$ to ! wat] dur+ its passage ?r\gh !m4 ,by ! arrangem5t ( tubes %[n at ,g1 fig4 #b1 & at ,h1 fig4 #c1 & wat] spaces %[n at ,f & ,k1 figures #a & #c1 a g5]al circulation ( wat] is obta9$ 9 ! boil]1 & especially ?r\gh ! tubes1 :ile ! wat] space at ,k increas+ upw>ds all[s ( an easy sep>ation ( /eam f ! accompany+ wat]1 & ( its ris+ into ! /eam *e/ sep>at$1 ?us mat]ially prev5t+ prim+1 :ile ! wat] returns to ! l[] ends ( ! tubes1 !reby ma9ta9+ a con/ant circulation ?r\gh !m 9 ! direction %[n by ! arr[s2 & by cross+ ! tubes 9 alt]nate lay]s1 a con/ant fl[ t[>ds & into _! l[] ends is induc$1 & a con/ant dis*>ge f ! upp] ends ?r\gh\t ! o!r half1 ?us caus+ g5]al & un9t]rupt$ curr5ts ( wat] & /eam4 ,z a conclusion to ! subject ( ,fire-,eng9es1 ,i may /ate t1 :5 comp>$ ) manual eng9es1 ! /eam-eng9es %[ an imm5se sav+4 ,f a return made to ! ,metropolitan ,fire ,brigade au?orities1 x 0 prov$ t at a fire 9 ,/4 ,ka?>9e's ,docks !re 7 n9e /eam-fire-eng9es at "w f ?ree to t5 h\rs1 ! total co/ ( fuel be+ #c #ahs4 #e;d41 :ile ! quantity ( wat] ?r[n on ! fire 0 e/imat$ at #ich1dhj gallons4 ,! numb] ( manual eng9es requir$ to produce ! same result w\ld be =ty-"o1 requir+ #a1ijd m5 to "w !m1 at a co/ ( #dgf1 includ+ refre%m5ts1 %[+ a balance 9 fav\r ( employ+ ! /eam]s ( #dgb #as4 #g;d4 ,! proportion ( ! co/ 0 z #a to #aba2 or1 9 o!r words1 /eam]s = #bjs4 exp5diture pump #bea1jjj gallons1 & manuals = ! same sum only #b1bbg4 ,^! ,/eam ,fire-,eng9es h frequ5tly be5 us$ = o!r purposes ?an t ( qu5*+ fire4 ,aft] ! ,%effield inundation1 "o 0 us$ = a week cont9u\sly to raise wat] f ! basem5ts ( dwell+s2 & _m t[ns h _h _! wat]-supply kept up by ! use ( ^! invaluable eng9es1 :i* w no d\bt come into yet m ext5d$ use4 ,! mo/ t c be done aft] con/ant c>e has fail$ to prev5t fire1 is to rely ^u extrane\s help to put x out2 & ?is too (t5 fails1 9 ,london at all ev5ts1 because ( ! absurdities ( ! wat] supply4 ,! "w t c be done 9 attempt+ to ext+ui% a fire at an e>ly /age is wor? ev]y?+1 & yet matt]s are s arrang$ t ! firem5 may get to a fire & wat* x burn+1 :ile ! turncock is s5t = to f9d ! plug & get ! requir$ supply ( wat]2 & if ! pressure happ5s to be l[ 9 ! ma9 ! supply runs %ort4 ,n[ ?is occurs at comp>atively small fires2 :at if a :ole /reet 7 ablaze1 or a fire l t 9 ,tooley ,/reet broke out1 away f ! riv] ) its fri5dly supply ( wat]8 ,consequ5ces ( a mo/ s]i\s nature may result f ! pres5t sy/em1 :i* all p]sons1 except+ ! ,wat] ,companies1 blame1 & nobody alt]s4 ,con/ant wat] pressure & a good sy/em ( hydrants are urg5tly ne$$ 9 e t[n4 ,)\t ?is ! mo/ effici5t fire brigade 9 ! _w w\ld be hamp]$1 & x seems a crime to let any?+ /& 9 ! way ( ! full developm5t ( ! en]gy display$ by fire brigades l t 9 ,london--c]ta9ly ! be/ 9 exi/5ce4 ,by ! k9dness ( its *ief ,i am enabl$ to supply a few p>ticul>s ab\t ?is en]getic body ( m51 to :om ! public are s indebt$1 & ( ! "w !y p]=m4 ,! /r5g? ( ! brigade at pres5t is z foll[s3-- #ej ,fire-eng9e /ations4 #aje ,fire-escape /ations4 #d ,float+ /ations4 #ec ,telegraph l9es4 #he ,miles ( telegraph l9es4 #c ,float+ /eam fire-eng9es4 #a ,iron b>ge1 to c>ry a l& /eam fire-eng9e4 #e ,l>ge l& /eam fire-eng9es4 #af ,small l& /eam fire-eng9es4 #ae ,sev5-in* manual fire-eng9es4 #ef ,six-in* manual fire-eng9es4 #ab ,"u six-in* manual fire-eng9es4 #abe ,fire-escapes4 #cif ,firem51 includ+ ! *ief (fic]1 ! sup]9t5d5ts1 & all ranks4 ,! numb] ( firem5 employ$ on ! sev]al wat*es kept up ?r\gh\t ! ,metropolis is at pres5t #ij by day & #aha by night1 mak+ a total ( #bga 9 e #bd h\rs2 ! numb] ( ^? sick1 injur$1 on leave1 or "u in/ruction1 is g5]ally betwe5 #dj & #ej4 ,! rema9+ m5 are available = g5]al "w at fires4 ,! numb] ( j\rneys made by ! fire-eng9es1 dur+ ! ye> #ahgc1 ( ! #ej /ations1 0 #f1eef1 & ! total di/ance run 0 #bj1ejc miles4 ,! numb] ( calls = fires1 or suppos$ fires1 receiv$ dur+ ! ye> 0 #a1gjc4 ,( ^!1 #hc 7 false al>ms1 & #a1edh 7 calls = fires1 ( :i* #aff result$ 9 s]i\s damage1 & #a1chb 9 slight damage4 ,^! figures ref] only to ! regul> calls = fires1 or suppos$ fires1 involv+ ! turn+ out ( firem51 fire-eng9es1 horses & coa*m52 !y d n include trifl+ damage by fires :i* 7 n suffici5tly important to require ! att5dance ( firem52 nei!r d !y include ! ord9>y calls = *imneys on fire1 :i* are sep>ately acc\nt$ = fur!r on4 ,! fires ( #ahgc1 comp>$ ) ^? ( #ahgb1 %[ an increase ( #ed2 b comp>$ ) ! av]age ( ! la/ t5 ye>s !re is a decrease ( #ag4 ,! proportion ( s]i\s to slight losses 9 #ahgc--aff to #a1chb--;is ab\t z fav\rable z hi!rto4 ,! foll[+ table gives x bo? 9 actual numb]s & p]c5tages1 & %[s t !re 0 consid]able success 9 r$uc+ losses dur+ ! ye>4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,ye>s ,numb]s ,p]c5tages ---------------------------------------- -------- ,s]i\s ,slight ,total ,s]i\s ,slight ,total ---------------------------------------- --------------- #ahff #cbf #a1jab #a1cch #be #ge #ajj #ahfg #bde #a1aeb #a1cig #ah #hb #ajj #ahfh #bce #a1dcc #a1ffh #ad #hf #ajj #ahfi #aii #a1cgc #a1egb #ac #hg #ajj #ahgj #bgf #a1fgj #a1idf #ad #hf #ajj #ahga #bjg #a1fce #a1hdb #aa #hi #ajj #ahgb #abj #a1cgd #a1did #h #ib #ajj #ahgc #aff #a1chb #a1edh #aa #hi #ajj ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,! numb] ( fires 9 ! ,metropolis 9 :i* life 0 s]i\sly endang]$1 dur+ ! ye> #ahgc1 0 #gd1 & ! numb] ( ^! 9 :i* life 0 lo/ 0 #bj4 ,! numb] ( p]sons s]i\sly endang]$ by fire 0 #adj1 ( :om #aje 7 sav$ & #ce lo/ _! lives4 ,( ! #ce lo/1 #ab 7 tak5 out alive1 b di$ aft]w>ds1 9 hospitals or else:]e1 & #bc 7 suffocat$ or burn$ to dea?4 ,! numb] ( calls = *imneys 0 #c1fjb1 ( ^! #a1afg prov$ to be false al>ms1 & #b1dce 7 = *imneys on fire4 ,9 ^! cases !re 0 no att5dance ( eng9es1 b only ( firem5 ) h&-pumps4 ,! quantity ( wat] us$ = ext+ui%+ fires 9 ! ,metropolis dur+ ! ye> 0 #bb1faj1cgi gallons1 9 r\nd numb]s a little m ?an #bb million gallons1 or ab\t #aja1jjj tons4 ,( ?is quantity #ff1aac tons1 or almo/ exactly two-?irds ( ! :ole1 7 tak5 f ! riv]1 canals1 & docks1 & ! rema9d] f ! /reet pipes4 ,dur+ ! ye> !re 7 #f cases ( a %ort supply ( wat]1 #bi ( late att5dance ( turncocks1 & #ag ( no att5dance1 mak+ altoge!r #eb cases 9 :i* ! wat] arrangem5ts 7 unsatisfactory4 ,! mon?ly summ>y ( fires = ! same ye> is z foll[s3-- --------------------------------------- ,s]i\sly ,slightly ,mon? damag$ damag$ ,total --------------------------------------- ,janu>y #h #ajb #aaj ,febru>y #aa #ih #aji ,m>* #ad #ajb #aaf ,april #ad #abj #acd ,may #ag #aah #ace ,june #af #abi #ade ,july #bj #aci #aei ,augu/ #ah #aah #acf ,septemb] #aa #ajg #aah ,octob] #ah #ajb #abj ,novemb] #f #aje #aaa ,decemb] #ac #adb #aee --------------------------------------- ,_m a damag+ fire has be5 /opp$ by ! imm$iate application ( wat]1 & _m m w\ld h be5 if a little common s5se & pres5ce ( m9d 7 (t5] display$4 ,z a simple precaution 9 "o's own h\se1 always keep ! b$room wat]-jugs full1 & h an ext]m9ator 9 a h&y place ready = imm$iate use4 ,= places liable to fire--& :at build+ is n--?is latt] h&y in/rum5t1 ) its peculi> liquid1 is invaluable1 its cont5ts be+ wor? sev]al times ! same quantity ( wat]4 ,= "s purposes x is bett] ?an ! pumps & portable eng9es s l>gely employ$1 & is always a valuable addition to !m2 ! effects ,i h witness$ ( its op]ation are s rem>kable t its g5]al adoption %\ld be only a matt] ( "t4 ,c\ntry mansions ne$ special appliances = putt+ out fire1 :i* are det]m9$ by ! /yle ( build+1 its position1 :e!r or n ne> a good wat] supply1 c41 b all ! fix$ app>atus %\ld n sup]s$e ! little eng9es j m5tion$4 ,a l>ge mansion 9 ,hamp%ire1 burnt n long s9ce1 0 specially con/ruct$ ) a view to h a good wat] supply 9 case ( fire2 ! tank at ! top to *>ge fix$ pipes be+ kept full by a pump1 & ev]y?+ else possible done to ensure safety4 ,b ! fire broke out :5 ! pump 0 out ( ord]1 & no wat] c\ld be _h1 & s ! h\se t took ye>s to build 0 burnt 9 a few h\rs4 ,no precautions1 h[ev] ample or co/ly1 c be reckon$ on unless con/ant sup]vision is ex]cis$ ov] !m1 & c>e tak5 to keep ! v>i\s appliances ready = action4 ,! de/ruction ( ,messrs4 ,hadley's great /eam fl\r mill 9 ,?ames ,/reet1 close to ,blackfri>s ,bridge1 did n fail to call att5tion to ! problem ( protect+ l>ge build+s f fire4 ,! #8,eng9e]' ( ,novemb] #ahgb /ates t ! mill 0 erect$ 9 #aheb4 ,x _h a frontage ( #fe feet to ! riv]1 0 #bej feet long1 & #g /oreys high4 ,orig9ally ! ma*9]y 0 driv5 by ! cond5s+ side lev] eng9es :i* 7 specially design$ & built to "w ! ,blackwall ,railway ) ropes1 a duty !y p]=m$ = sev]al ye>s4 ,ab\t f\r ye>s ago ^! eng9es 7 replac$ by a pair ( f9e comp\nd horizontal cond5s+ eng9es1 capable ( work+ up to ab\t #ejj horse-p[]4 ,! mill 0 consid]$ to be firepro(1 & no d\bt des]v$ ! title z well z _m ( ! s-call$ firepro( build+s 9 ,london & ! prov9ces4 ,! fire broke out 9 "o ( ! upp] floors1 "s "t on ,sunday morn+1 ,nov4 #aj1 #ahgb1 & 9 a v few h\rs ! mill1 ) ! exception ( ! out] walls1 & portions ( ! l[] "p1 0 utt]ly de/roy$4 ,at "o "t no few] ?an ?irty eng9es 7 pres5t2 eighte5 ( !m1 includ+ ! ,?ames float+ eng9e1 be+ /eam-eng9es4 ,a correspond5t ( ! #8,build]' /at$ t ! foll[+ mills 7 de/roy$ by fire 9 f\r consecutive weeks 9 #ahgb4 ,oct4 #bf1 ,wat]loo ,cotton ,mills1 loss #cj1jjj4 ,hyson & ,%>pe's ,cotton ,mills1 ,blackburn1 #f1jjj4 ,nov4 #ad1 ,dean's ,cotton ,mills1 ,sw9ton1 #aj1jjj4 ,nov4 #aj1 ,hadley's ,mill1 ,london1 say #bj1jjj4 ,nov4 #ae1 ,p>k]'s ,cotton ,mills1 ,pre/on1 #af1jjj4 ,nov4 #ah1 ,:ateley's ,cotton ,mill1 ,ab]de51 #ah1jjj4 ,nov4 #bb1 ,bury & ,heap's ,cotton ,mills1 #aj1jjj4 ,nov4 #bc1 ,gom]sall ,bros4 ,wooll5 ,mills1 ,dewsbury1 #ae1jjj4 ,total loss1 #acb1jjj4 ,9 reckon+ ! losses occasion$ by fire1 we _c1 h[ev]1 conf9e ourselves to ! m]e co/ ( ! build+2 ! wages lo/ by workpeople ?r[n out ( employ1 ! trade gone into o!r h&s1 & possibly nev] recov]$--^!1 & o!r consid]ations1 %\ld lead to extreme c>e be+ tak5 to prev5t fire1 & to hav+ prop] appliances at h& to ext+ui% x1 if1 un=tunately1 x breaks out4 ,,app5dix4 ,description ( ! ,plan & ,section ( ,firepro( ,w>eh\se4 ,! photo-li?ographs ( a firepro( w>eh\se are f draw+s by ,mr4 ,e4 ,hoole1 ar*itect2 & x w be se5 t ^! concise designs embody ! pr9ciples enunciat$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]s4 ,a build+ = ! reception ( combu/ible goods mu/ n only be con/ruct$ ( mat]ials t w n burn1 b mu/ be s built t x w rema9 un9jur$1 ev5 if its cont5ts are de/roy$ by fire4 ,l a furnace1 x mu/ be made to conta9 a fire2 & x is only a build+ :i*1 "u su* circum/ances1 ma9ta9s its /r5g?1 t is entitl$ to be t]m$ firepro(4 ,9 ! accompany+ plan & section1 brick is propos$ z ! mat]ial = ! con/ruction ( ! walls & floors4 ,^! are s arrang$ z to divide ! build+ into eighte5 sep>ate comp>tm5ts1 ea* ( :i* is s completely cut (f f ^? :i* surr\nd x1 t a fire orig9at+ 9 any "o ( !m might burn itself out )\t be+ able to spread to ! next "o4 ,! int]ior ( ea* comp>tm5t is s con/ruct$ t x w n be damag$ by ! combu/ion ( its cont5ts4 ,x is assum$ t x w be subject$ to int5se & cont9u$ heat2 & ! same precautions are tak5 to secure ! /ability ( ! /ructure & protect x f injury z w\ld be adopt$ 9 build+ a furnace or 9 sett+ a boil]4 ,ea* comp>tm5t is l9$ ) fire-brick1 :i* is "h & !re atta*$ to ! walls to keep x 9 position1 b n suffici5tly to communicate ! heat x may receive4 ,betwe5 ! fire-brick l9+ & ! build+ itself an air space is left1 :i* ! heat _c trav]se4 ,?is l9+ be>s no "p ( ! weight1 ei!r ( ! build+ or ( its cont5ts2 & consequ5tly1 h[ev] hot x may become1 x _c be cru%$ or di/ort$1 hav+ only its own weight to su/a94 ,?is fire-brick l9+ is set 9 fire-clay4 ,iron columns fill$ ) concrete support ! vault+ ( ! v>i\s floors1 & are protect$ by a cas+ ( fire-brick1 betwe5 :i* & ! column an air space is left4 ,9 w>eh\ses 9 :i* ! brick cas+ ( ! columns is likely to be damag$ by ! %ift+ ( ! goods x c itself be protect$ by a cov]+ ( %eet-iron4 ,b ?is1 ( c\rse1 is no additional safegu>d aga9/ ! action ( fire4 ,! ?ru/ ( ! vault+ is c\nt]act$ by iron tie-b>s emb$d$ 9 ! brickwork bel[ ! floor+ ( ea* comp>tm5t2 ! ends ( ! b>s are well turn$ up & d[n 9 ! ext]nal walls1 besides be+ connect$ to ! brickwork ne> ! base ( ea* column4 ,x w be se5 t all p>ts ( ! build+ :i* h to su/a9 any weight are protect$ f any great *ange ( temp]ature1 & t all iron-"w is especially scre5$ f x4 ,9 con/ruct+ ! /aircase ! same precautions are adopt$4 ,a wall c>ri$ up ! c5tre af=ds a spr++ = ! ar*es c>ry+ ! /eps & l&+s1 :i* are con/ruct$ entirely ( brick1 & may be cov]$ ei!r ) tiles1 /one1 or ev5 wood5 treads1 if desir$4 ,! ?ru/ ( ! ar*es c>ry+ ! /eps is ov]come by build+ 9 a tie-b> above ea* ar*1 :i* ?us protects x f any contact ) fire4 ,9 ord] to prev5t ! /aircase f act+ z a flue 9 case ( fire1 & caus+ a draught ( air to ru% ?r\gh ! p>ts ( ! build+ op5+ into x1 "o side ( x is left op5 to ! ext]nal air1 be+ only enclos$ by a light arcade ( op5 ar*es on ea* floor4 ,?us x ga9s ! advantage ( ,illu/ration3 ,,firepro( ,,w>eh\se4 ,,plan ,,( ,,fir/ ,,floor4 ,m ,n4 ,,hanh>t1 ,,ltih4 ,e4 ,,hoole4 ,,ar*t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,firepro( ,,w>eh\se4 ,,section4 ,e4 ,,hoole1 ,,ar*t4 an outside /aircase1 all ! doors lead+ to x be+ treat$ z ext]nal doors4 ,! lift is simil>ly treat$4 ,d\ble iron doors1 l9$ or cas$ ) heat-repell+ mat]ial1 sep>ate ! v>i\s comp>tm5ts on ea* floor f ! /aircase & f ea* o!r4 ,^! doors are s arrang$ t !y c be clos$ f ! ext]nal balconies1 & ?us any comp>tm5t 9 :i* a fire occurs c be isolat$ )\t ! necessity ( ent]+ x1 or inde$ ( ent]+ ! build+4 ,! w9d[s are clos$ by ext]nal slid+ %utt]s1 runn+ ^u rails project+ f ! outside face ( ! walls4 ,^! %utt]s are s con/ruct$ t !y c be op5$ by ! firem5 f ! outside2 & easy access is giv5 to !m by ! balconies1 :i* are c>ri$ r\nd ! build+ at ! level ( e floor4 ,iron balconies are %[n on ! plan & section1 s9ce 9 mo/ cases ! heat issu+ f ! w9d[s w n be suffici5t to affect its /r5g?2 b :]e v inflammable goods are to be /or$ x w be be/ to corbel out 9 ! brickwork1 & to ar* f corbel to corbel to =m ! balconies4 ,p]man5t means ( access to ! ext]ior ( e op5+ 9 ! walls is a mo/ important provision1 all[+ any "p ( ! build+ to be inspect$ indep5d5tly1 & fire discov]$ or ext+ui%$1 )\t op5+ ! doors ( ! adjo9+ comp>tm5ts4 ,! ro( is ne>ly flat1 hav+ b fall en\gh to c>ry (f ! wat]4 ,x may be made wat]-tight by a lay] ( asphalte1 & !n pav$ ) tiles2 b a flat ro( is n an ess5tial feature ( firepro( con/ruction1 s9ce1 if ! ceil+ be vault$ 9 brick1 z %[n1 a ro( ( any pit* may be con/ruct$ above x1 fram$ entirely ( iron1 & cov]$ ) slates ti$ by copp] wire to iron la?s1 or ) metal tiles4 ,x is obvi\s t no?+ combu/ible mu/ be /or$ 9 ! space betwe5 ! ro( & ! ceil+4 ,a tank is %[n at "o angle ( ! ro(1 to conta9 a supply ( wat] 9 case ( fire1 & x c be kept full by ! ord9>y means ( supply ( ! neighb\rhood4 ,if a portion ( ! top /orey c be giv5 up = ! purpose1 ! ra9-wat] ( ! ro( c be /or$ )\t incurr+ a wat]-rate4 ,f ! tank1 pipes are conduct$ outside ! build+ & furni%$ ) unions ne> ! w9d[s ( ea* comp>tm5t2 s t a hose-pipe c be in/antly atta*$ by anyone /&+ 9 ! balcony1 & ! :ole cont5ts ( ! tank dis*>g$ into any ( ! comp>tm5ts1 )\t ! build+ be+ ent]$4 ,9 ! case ( a fire occurr+ 9 any comp>tm5t1 two me?ods ( proce$+ are available4 ,! comp>tm5t c be isolat$ & completely %ut up until ! fire ei!r burns itself out or is ext+ui%$ = want ( air2 or ! %utt]s c be op5$1 & a l>g] quantity ( wat] c be dis*>g$ ^u ! burn+ goods1 imm$iately ! fire is discov]$4 ,pat5ts = ,locks & ,safes4 ,! want ( a complete li/ ( ! pat5ts tak5 out f "t to "t = ,locks & ,safes has induc$ me to publi% ! foll[+ tables1 :i* h be5 mo/ c>efully compil$ f ! ,pat5t ,(fice records4 ,x has be5 impossible to give ev5 a summ>y ( ! claims made by ea* pat5tee ( locks1 on acc\nt ( ! space :i* w\ld be ?us occupi$2 b ,i h endeav\r$ to increase ! usefulness ( ! li/s by di/+ui%+ betwe5 expir$ & unexpir$ pat5ts4 ,= ! detail$ p>ticul>s ( ea* ,i mu/ ref] ! enquir] to ! specifications !mselves1 :i* c be pur*as$ at ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 ne> ,*anc]y ,lane1 ,london4 ,an inspection ( ^! w a/oni% _m p]sons :o may n be prep>$ to f9d ! same inv5tions pat5t$ sev]al times4 ,b su* is ! case2 & if pat5ts are necess>y z a protection to inv5tors 7:i* ,i am some:at incl9$ to d\bt71 ! sy/em adopt$ ought c]ta9ly to be su* z w\ld avoid ! heavy fees ev] be+ paid = an inv5tion already secur$ to ano!r p]son4 ,f ! li/ ( ,pat5ts = ,locks ,i h omitt$ all su* z are m]ely fa/5+s = railway-c>riage doors1 = h&-bags1 pocket-books1 c41 or = w9d[s4 ,i h also n includ$ ! #8furniture' ( locks1 i4e4 ! h&les1 sp9dles1 c41 b all locks & lat*es us$ = doors w be f\nd 9 ! li/4 ,! li/ ( ,pat5ts = ,safes includes all p>ts (1 or app>atus connect$ )1 ,fire & ,?ief-resi/+ ,safes4 ,^? m>k$ 99 _h ei!r ,provisional ,protection only1 or 79 a few cases7 7 void = want ( fil+ ! complete specification4 ,^? m>k$ laps$ at ! end ( ?ree ye>s f ! date giv5 9 ! li/s2 & ^? m>k$ laps$ at ! end ( sev5 ye>s4 ,^? )\t any m>k & n 9 italics ran _! full t]m & expir$ at ! end ( f\rte5 ye>s4 ,only 9 ! in/ances :]e9 ! pat5tee's "n is 9 italics are ! pat5ts n[ 7,decemb] #a/1 #ahgd7 9 =ce4 ,9 ! li/ ( ,safes1 :]ev] ! pat5ts are 9 "s respects simil> to previ\s inv5tions1 a ref]5ce to su* inv5tion is app5d$4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,pat5ts ,,= ,,locks ,,& ,,lat*es ,,us$ ,,z ,,fa/5+s ,,= ,,doors4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- ,ye> ,day ,no4 ( ,"n ,pat5t ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------- #aggd ,may #bg #ajga ,black1 ,george #aggh ,oct4 #ca #abjj ,b>ron1 ,rob]t #aggi ,may #bh #abbf ,h5ry1 ,solomon #aghj ,m>* #d #abdg ,ampion1 ,john #aghb ,jan4 #ah #acag ,hut*9son1 ,samuel #aghd ,april #b #adcj ,bramah1 ,joseph #aghi ,july #g #afib ,corn?waite1 ,?omas #agij ,feb4 #bc #agcj ,r[ntree1 ,?omas 0 ,oct4 #bi #aggh ,bird1 ,moses #agia ,july #ai #ahai ,f]ryman1 ,rob]t 0 ,nov4 #c #ahce ,antes1 ,john #agie ,aug4 #bh #bjfb ,spe>s1 ,james #agig ,nov4 #ah #bbjc ,langton1 ,daniel #agih ,may #c #bbcb ,bramah1 ,joseph 0 ,dec4 #h #bbgg ,turn]1 ,?omas #agii ,april #aa #bcjf ,davis1 ,george #ahja ,june #bc #beba ,holemb]g1 ,samuel #ahje ,may #ah #bhea ,/ansbury1 ,abraham ,ogi] #ahjh ,dec4 #bi #cahh ,tompson1 ,william #ahac ,may #ae #cfie ,bullock1 ,william1 & ,boaz1 ,james #ahae ,m>* #g #chia ,mit*ell1 ,william1 & ,lawton1 ,john #ahaf ,may #ad #djbg ,ruxton1 ,?omas 0 0 #bg #djcf ,kemp1 ,rob]t #ahag ,feb4 #a #djif ,higg9son1 ,george ,montague 0 0 #h #daja ,cl>k1 ,william #ahah 0 #c #dbai ,*ubb1 ,j]emiah 0 ,june #cj #dbge ,r\x1 ,alb]t #ahai ,oct4 #ah #ddjb ,/rutt1 ,antony ,rad=d #ahbj ,april #aa #dddc ,j5n+s1 ,h5ry ,con/ant9e 0 ,dec4 #ad #deai ,mallet1 ,william #ahbc ,july #aj #dhab ,fairbanks1 ,/eph5 #ahbc ,nov4 #ac #dhfb ,w>d1 ,john #ahbd ,june #ae #digb ,*ubb1 ,*>les #ahbe ,may #ad #eaga ,"y1 ,john #ahbh 0 #ag #efef ,*ubb1 ,*>les #ahbi ,june #a #egih ,gottlieb1 ,&rew #ahcj ,jan4 #ah #ehhj ,c>p5t]1 ,james1 & ,"y1 ,john #ahca ,april #ad #faje ,ru!r=d1 ,william 0 ,may #bc #faaf ,b>n>d1 ,george 0 ,july #bg #fadc ,"y1 ,john #ahcb ,dec4 #bj #fcej ,p>sons1 ,?omas #ahcc 0 #c #feaf ,p>sons1 ,?omas 0 0 #bj #febg ,*ubb1 ,*>les1 & ,hunt]1 ,eb5ez] 0 0 #fecb ,pi]son1 ,josiah ,gilb]t #ahcd ,sept4 #f #ffgd ,longfield1 ,william 0 ,oct4 #aa #ffid ,audley1 ,"l ,b>on #ahce ,m>* #ah #fgib ,hill1 ,ri*>d 0 ,dec4 #af #fifj ,w>rick1 ,john #ahcf ,feb4 #aj #gjjj ,f5ton1 ,samuel #ahch ,june #cj #ggae ,uzielli1 ,mat!w 0 ,nov4 #ac #ghgb ,?ompson1 ,sally #ahci ,feb4 #ba #gigb ,uzielli1 ,mat!w 0 ,june #ab #hajf ,s&]s1 ,joseph 0 ,july #c #hadj ,co*rane1 ,alex&] 0 0 #bj #hafc ,s*wieso1 ,john ,*>les 0 ,aug4 #a #haha ,williams1 ,william ,morrett 0 ,dec4 #b #hbic ,gue/1 ,james #ahdj ,feb4 #bg #hdjb ,williams1 ,william ,morrett 0 ,m>* #bj #hddj ,g]i%1 ,francis ,william 0 ,may #b #hdhi ,peirce1 ,william 0 ,june #ac #hedc ,wolv]son1 ,joseph1 & ,rawlett1 ,william 0 ,oct4 #bb #hfff ,cl>k1 ,?omas 0 ,dec4 #bc #hgdg ,baillie1 ,b5jam9 #ahda ,m>* #bi #hijc ,tildesley1 ,james1 & ,s&]s1 ,joseph 0 ,may #f #hiec ,hancock1 ,james 0 ,july #ad #ijbi ,b]ry1 ,miles 0 ,sept4 #bh #iajd ,/rong1 ,!odore ,fr$]ick #ahda ,nov4 #i #iadd ,smi?1 ,jesse #ahdb ,jan4 #ae #ibbd ,poole1 ,moses 0 ,may #bd #icfd ,duce1 ,joseph 0 ,june #ac #icie ,williams1 ,william ,morrett 0 ,dec4 #bi #iegh ,rock1 ,joseph1 jun4 #ahdc ,nov4 #be #iifc ,tann1 ,edw>d1 ,edw>d1 & ,john 0 0 #iife ,rock1 ,joseph1 jun4 #ahdd ,jan4 #cj #ajjcb ,flet*]1 ,william 0 ,may #ad #ajahb ,pitt1 ,b5jam9 #ahde ,april #ae #ajfaa ,c>t]1 ,george #ahdf ,m>* #be #aaaeb ,cott]ill1 ,edw9 0 ,july #f #aabhc ,de ,la ,fons1 ,john ,palm] 0 0 #ae #aabii ,?omas1 ,william 0 ,dec4 #ad #aadia ,*ubb1 ,john #ahdg ,jan4 #aa #aaebc ,*ubb1 ,john1 & ,hunt]1 ,eb5ez] 0 ,april #af #aafei ,collett1 ,*>les ,m9ors 0 ,sept4 #af #aahfi ,hancock1 ,william #ahdh 0 #bh #abbgd ,newall1 ,rob]t ,/irl+ #ahdi ,may #h #abfjd ,wilkes1 ,samuel #ahej ,july #bb #acahd ,brad=d1 ,james #ahea ,april #ae #aceie ,newell1 ,rob]t 0 ,nov4 #d #achjb ,dismore1 ,george 0 0 #f #achjf ,p>nell1 ,mi*ael ,leopold 0 0 #ac #achjg ,s9clair1 ,william 0 0 #bb #achbd ,re/ell1 ,?omas 0 ,dec4 #h #acheb ,re/ell1 ,?omas #aheb ,feb4 #bc #acihe ,hobbs1 ,alfr$ ,*>les 0 ,oct4 #ba #dgb ,rose1 ,joseph 0 ,nov4 #bc #hbh ,p>nell1 ,mi*ael ,leopold #ahec ,jan4 #ba #afj ,*ubb1 ,john1 & ,goat]1 ,john 0 0 #bi #bbi ,:i%aw1 ,francis 0 ,feb4 #aa #cfg ,*opp91 ,william 0 ,may #c #ajgd ,goble1 ,george ,fr$]ic 0 0 #bc #abff ,simson1 ,william 0 0 #bg #acaj ,b5tley1 ,william ,h5ry 0 ,july #e #afjj ,tripe1 ,decimus ,julius 0 0 #f #afag ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 ,aug4 #aa #ahff 99,ru%bury1 ,john 0 0 #ah #aicb ,pig1 ,alexis 0 ,sept4 #i #bjgf ,p>nell1 ,mi*ael ,leopold 0 0 #i #bjgg 99,m>t91 ,james 0 ,nov4 #g #behg ,newton1 ,alfr$ ,v9c5t 0 0 #ba #bfih ,tuck]1 ,walt] ,h5ry1 & ,reeves1 ,ra%leigh 0 ,dec4 #aj #bhgi 99,du ,bo/1 ,hippolyte ,laur5t 0 0 #bb #bihj ,gibbons1 ,james1 ,jun4 #ahed ,feb4 #a #bef ,daniel1 ,alfr$ 0 0 #bj #dje ,miln]1 ,william 0 ,m>* #a #eje ,holl&1 ,john ,simon 0 0 #b #ead ,tann1 ,john 0 ,june #ab #abhh ,"y1 ,john 0 ,july #a #adda 99,jones1 ,rob]t ,lewis 0 0 #aa #aead ,wolv]son1 ,edw9 0 ,aug4 #a #afig ,holl&1 ,john ,simon 0 0 #d #agji ,miles1 ,l\is ,play] 0 ,sept4 #b #aiag ,lewis1 ,george 0 0 #be #bjfj ,mc,connel1 ,rob]t 0 ,oct4 #c #babb ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 ,dec4 #i #beib 99,button1 ,reub5 0 0 #ab #bfaa ,l>k91 ,ri*>d 0 0 #ac #bfaf ,/ansbury1 ,*>les ,fr$]ick 0 0 #bj #bfhd ,miln]1 ,william 0 0 #bc #bgab 99,gir\x1 ,b>?lemy ,m>t9 #ahee ,jan4 #bi #bah ,imray1 ,john 0 ,april #be #icd ,bell=d1 ,augu/e ,edw>d ,lorad\x 0 ,may #a #igh 99,wright1 ,lemuel ,wellman 0 0 #aa #ajfc ,h5d]son1 ,con/ant9e 0 0 #ba #aabg ,tuck]1 ,walt] ,h5ry 0 ,june #i #acae ,nettlefold1 ,j4 ,s41 ,e4 ,j41 & ,j4 ,h4 0 ,july #ah #afbc ,scully1 ,v9c5t1 & ,heywood1 ,b5nett ,john 0 ,aug4 #ac #ahcg ,butl]1 ,?omas 0 0 #ae #ahea ,av]y1 ,john 0 0 #cj #aiei 99,/ansbury1 ,*>les ,fr$]ick 0 ,sept4 #d #bjja ,muell]1 ,*>les ,gu/av 0 ,nov4 #ad #begb ,newton1 ,alfr$ ,v9c5t #ahef ,jan4 #ba #aef 99,f5ton1 ,samuel 0 ,feb4 #e #caj ,p>nell1 ,mi*ael ,leopold 0 ,m>* #bh #gdd ,daniel1 ,alfr$ 0 ,april #ba #iej 99,dortet1 ,jules 0 0 #bd #ihi ,blacket1 ,frank ,william 0 ,june #ah #adcf ,tuck]1 ,walt] ,h5ry 0 ,july #a #aedd 99,newton1 ,alfr$ ,v9c5t 0 0 #ah #afij ,leu*>s1 ,william 0 ,aug4 #g #ahfj 99,web]1 ,lionel 0 ,dec4 #aa #bidd ,miles1 ,william ,play] 0 0 #bf #cjff 99,newburgh1 ,sidney1 & ,/e9h>t1 ,*>les #aheg ,jan4 #h #fh ,h>ris1 ,james 0 0 #ae #abj ,hobbs1 ,alfr$ ,*>les 0 ,april #b #iaf ,morrison1 ,duncan1 & ,lilley1 ,samuel 0 0 #ae #ajgj ,safran1 ,jacob 0 ,may #f #abhd ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 0 #ab #acca 99,cott]ill1 ,edw9 0 ,july #ac #aidb 99,h9ks1 ,joseph ,le/]1 & ,day1 ,john ,rock 0 0 #bh #bjei ,dortet1 ,jules1 & ,dnis1 ,&r ,b>?lemy 0 ,dec4 #bd #cafj ,h>t1 ,george ,william #aheh ,jan4 #bj #id ,nixon1 ,*ri/oph] ,nug5t 0 0 #ba #aaj ,wilson1 ,pet]2 ,nor?all1 ,samuel2 & ,james1 ,?omas 0 ,feb4 #bc #cee ,:ite1 ,george ,fr$]ick 0 ,m>* #ca #fhb ,duce1 ,joseph ,w>n] 0 ,may #bd #aafj 99,hamilton1 ,george1 & ,na%1 ,william ,h5ry 0 ,june #aa #accb ,h>t1 ,george ,william 0 0 #cj #adgj 99,:eatcr(t1 ,william ,smi?1 & ,smi?1 ,james ,newton 0 ,july #f #aeac 99,davies1 ,john ,taylor 0 ,sept4 #a #aihi ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 ,oct4 #e #bbab ,hamilton1 ,george1 & ,na%1 ,william ,h5ry 0 0 #aa #bbfc 99,platt1 ,joseph 0 ,nov4 #i #bejf 99,h5ry1 ,mi*ael 0 0 #aa #becc ,newton1 ,alfr$ ,v9c5t #ahei ,jan4 #ag #acb ,brooks1 ,edw>d 0 ,m>* #af #ffj ,a%1 ,isaiah 0 0 #af #ffi 99,hamilton1 ,george1 & ,na%1 ,william ,h5ry 0 ,april #bg #ajei 99,hamp1 ,*>les 0 ,may #g #aadi ,h5ry1 ,mi*ael 0 0 #ag #abbh ,law1 ,*>les 0 0 #bf #acjb ,"y1 ,john 0 ,june #bc #aeac 99,pr9ce1 ,alex&] 0 ,aug4 #ac #ahfi 99,clegg1 ,rob]t ,dawson1 & ,saund]s1 ,?omas 0 0 #ag #ahie ,brooman1 ,ri*>d ,ar*ibald 0 ,oct4 #ad #bcdc ,price1 ,george 0 ,nov4 #be #bfgb ,tildesley1 ,mat!w #ahfj ,jan4 #b #b ,luis1 ,joz 0 0 #f #dc ,f[l]1 ,john 0 0 #aa #gh ,newton1 ,alfr$ ,v9c5t 0 ,m>* #e #eih ,price1 ,cyrus 0 ,april #bd #ajba 99,brodie1 ,james 0 0 #bg #ajga 99,)]s1 ,george 0 ,may #aa #aaeh ,price1 ,george 0 0 #af #abjh ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 0 #bh #acjh ,*atwood1 ,samuel#e 0 ,june #b #acfj ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 0 #ae #adfj 99,mackr[1 ,isaac 0 0 #ai #adhg 99,brooman1 ,ri*>d ,ar*ibald 0 0 #bf #aeej 99,hudson1 ,wm4 ,h5ry1 & ,evans1 ,john 0 ,july #ag #agca ,loysel1 ,edw>d 0 ,aug4 #bc #bjcb ,sp5ce1 ,william 0 ,sept4 #h #bagb 99,ho>e1 ,deane ,john 0 0 #ae #bbej ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 0 #af #bhbg 99,morrison1 ,alfr$ 0 ,dec4 #ac #cjga ,*ubb1 ,john1 & ,hunt]1 ,eb5ez] #ahfa ,feb4 #i #cbd 99,grim%aw1 ,o',donnell 0 0 #ah #dja ,price1 ,cyrus & ,elihu 0 ,april #aj #hhb 99,morel1 ,augu/e ,victor 0 ,may #b #ajih ,w9kl]1 ,mi*ael 0 ,june #ai #aegg ,pradel1 ,pet] 0 ,july #bb #ahce 99,m5nons1 ,m>c ,anto9e ,franois 0 0 #bd #ahej 99,hirs*feld1 ,f]d9& 0 0 #cj #aijb ,h>t1 ,john ,mat?ias 0 ,aug4 #e #aidc ,brooman1 ,ri*>d ,ar*ibald 0 ,sept4 #e #bbjf ,mc,connell1 ,rob]t 0 ,nov4 #bj #biae ,crox=d1 ,joseph ,coop] 0 ,dec4 #ag #caei ,tuck]1 ,walt] ,h5ry #ahfb ,jan4 #bj #adj ,mapp91 ,walt] ,s&ell 0 0 #be #bjj ,le=t1 ,franois ,joseph ,lalm& 0 ,m>* #ae #gbc ,hamilton1 ,george 0 ,april #ab #ajeg 99,sweet1 ,&rew 0 0 #ai #aade ,loysel1 ,edw>d 0 ,may #e #acbh ,allman1 ,h]b]t 0 0 #ag #aejd 99,tessi]1 ,*>les ,hippolyte 0 ,june #ag #agia 99,pr+le1 ,ar*ibald 0 ,oct4 #ac #bgej ,*atwood1 ,samuel 0 0 #af #bgia 99,b]ry1 ,george 0 0 #af #bgif 99,h>old1 ,?omas ,george 0 0 #bg #bhhi ,pilgrim1 ,?omas 0 ,dec4 #a #ccdi ,phelps1 ,william #ahfc ,jan4 #i #gc ,tuck]1 ,walt] ,h5ry 0 0 #ac #aji 99,tildesley1 ,mat!w 0 0 #ae #aca ,b>racl\gh1 ,?omas ,crit*ley 0 0 #bf #bbh 99,smi?1 ,&rew 0 ,feb4 #g #cdg ,p>igot1 ,claude1 & ,grivel1 ,anto9e 0 0 #af #dag ,mc,entee1 ,)]s1 & ,)]s 0 ,m>* #bf #gij ,p>nell1 ,mi*ael ,leopold 0 ,april #ad #icd 99,b]ry1 ,george 0 0 #ae #iea 99,morton1 ,john ,s&]son 0 0 #af #iei ,oldfield1 ,william 0 ,july #h #agjb ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 ,nov4 #e #bgdb 99,hancock1 ,h5ry1 & ,vick]s1 ,william ,h5ry #ahfd ,jan4 #e #bh ,f5by1 ,joseph ,bev]ley 0 ,feb4 #ac #cgi ,b$=d1 ,joseph 0 ,m>* #ab #fcc 99,hancock1 ,h5ry1 & ,vick]s1 ,william ,h5ry 0 ,july #f #afgi ,von ,ra!n1 ,antony ,b]nh>d 0 ,sept4 #f #bagd ,weav]1 ,fr$]ick 0 0 #bg #bcfg 99,adams1 ,ar?ur ,john 0 ,oct4 #e #bddf ,bonneville1 ,h5ri ,adri5 0 ,nov4 #be #bied 99,newton1 ,alfr$ ,v9c5t #ahfe ,jan4 #aa #ib 99,hea!r1 ,john ,fry 0 ,m>* #a #egj ,:itfield1 ,samuel 0 0 #bj #ggh ,*atwood1 ,samuel 0 ,april #d #idd 99,nabbs1 ,ri*>d 0 0 #g #iii 99,kimb]ley1 ,na?an ,gold 0 0 #ab #ajdc ,walk]1 ,john 0 0 #ab #ajde ,h>t1 ,john ,mat?ias 0 0 #bi #aaid 99,tuck]1 ,walt] ,h5ry 0 0 #bi #abja ,cl>k1 ,william 0 ,may #bb #adjb 99,g$ge1 ,william ,edw>d 0 0 #bb #adjf 99,hodson ,william 0 0 #bg #adfb ,diele1 ,ludwig 0 0 #cj #adhe 99,grafton1 ,sidney 0 0 #cj #adhg ,calv]t1 ,john 0 ,june #i #aegh ,meek1 ,g4 ,e41 & ,h[es1 ,w4 ,h4 0 0 #bi #agce ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 ,july #f #aghb ,c>t]1 ,george 0 0 #h #ahab ,hea!r1 ,john ,fry 0 0 #ba #aijb ,walton1 ,james 0 ,aug4 #ab #bjib ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d 0 0 #bf #baih ,hodgson1 ,edmund ,dorman 0 ,sept4 #bh #bdhd ,price1 ,cyrus 0 ,nov4 #d #bheb ,g>dn]1 ,william 0 0 #h #bhgi ,ra91 ,jules ,adolphe 0 0 #ba #biia ,pope1 ,fr$]ic 0 ,dec4 #i #cafi 99,grivel1 ,anto9e1 ,jun4 0 0 #bc #ccbd 99,groves1 ,joseph1 & ,rob9son1 ,george1 ,jun4 0 0 #cj #cchb ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d #ahff ,jan4 #f #dh ,tolhaus51 ,fr$]ick 0 ,m>* #ag #gii ,h9ton1 ,fr$]ic 0 ,april #bj #aaah ,all51 ,james 0 ,june #d #aede ,f5by1 ,joseph ,bev]ley 0 0 #ab #aeig 99,kurz1 ,fr$]ick ,william 0 0 #af #afce 99,macdonald1 ,ar*ibald 0 0 #af #afch 99,hopps1 ,george ,h5ry 0 ,july #b #agej ,bonneville1 ,h5ri ,adri5 0 ,nov4 #ad #bihg 99,cl>k1 ,william 0 ,dec4 #bi #cdbj 99,adams1 ,ar?ur ,john 0 0 #ca #cdda 99,allman1 ,h]b]t #ahfg ,m>* #h #fed ,pope1 ,fr$]ic 0 0 #bi #icg ,wolv]son1 ,joseph1 ,jun4 0 ,may #f #acbf ,lake1 ,william ,rob]t 0 0 #g #acec 99,saxby1 ,h5ry ,john 0 ,july #bg #bahd ,jones1 ,?omas 0 ,nov4 #i #caff ,hall1 ,samuel1 & ,:itt+ham1 ,maurice #ahfh ,feb4 #g #dbb ,lake1 ,william ,rob]t 0 0 #bf #fea 99,d[ell1 ,william & ,james 0 ,m>* #bg #ajfa ,hughes1 ,h5ry1 & ,jones1 ,*>les 0 ,april #d #aadd ,nabbs1 ,ri*>d 0 0 #bg #acgb 99,tidm>%1 ,samuel 0 ,june #e #ahdb ,cl>k1 ,alex&] ,melville 0 0 #h #ahgd ,c(fey1 ,dom9ic 0 ,july #aa #baii ,brooman1 ,cl9ton ,edgcumbe 0 ,sept4 #h #bgfd ,fras]1 ,alex&] ,john 0 ,oct4 #ae #caec ,gumpel1 ,*>les ,godfrey 0 ,nov4 #bc #cedi ,la ,p5otire1 ,william 0 ,dec4 #c #cfgf ,m>*al1 ,l\is ,jules 0 0 #ad #cgif 99,brooman1 ,cl9ton ,edgcumbe 0 0 #ba #chhg ,:itak]1 ,ri*>d #ahfi ,april #bb #abde ,lake1 ,william ,rob]t 0 0 #bg #abic ,lake1 ,william ,rob]t 0 ,june #ah #ahgh 99,&rew1 ,mat!w 0 ,sept4 #h #bfcf ,hodges1 ,ri*>d ,edw>d 0 0 #aa #bfgb 99,&rew1 ,mat!w 0 0 #ae #bgjj 99,cl>k1 ,alex&] ,melville 0 0 #cj #bhdf ,dewe1 ,john 0 ,oct4 #ab #bifc ,&rew1 ,mat!w 0 ,nov4 #aa #cbej ,lake1 ,william ,rob]t 0 0 #aa #cbef ,h>ris1 ,william 0 0 #aa #cbeg ,wilson1 ,pet] 0 0 #ae #cbij ,brampton1 ,fr$]ick 0 0 #af #ccjj ,tuck]1 ,walt] ,h5ry #ahgj ,jan4 #ba #ahg ,:itfield1 ,fr$]ic 0 ,april #cj #abdb 99,massi1 ,*>les 0 ,july #g #aibg 99,murdo*1 ,hunt] ,h5ry 0 ,sept4 #i #bddj ,tildesley1 ,james 0 ,oct4 #bb #bghe ,samels1 ,abel ,edg> 0 ,nov4 #bf #cajh ,murdo*1 ,hunt] ,h5ry 0 0 #bh #caad ,abel1 ,*>les ,d5ton 0 0 #bh #caae ,abel1 ,*>les ,d5ton 0 ,dec4 #bb #ccef ,morrison1 ,james #ahga ,jan4 #ab #hg ,pocock1 ,alfr$ ,willm] 0 0 #cj #bdj ,lawr5ce1 ,*>les ,lewis 0 ,feb4 #a #bfe 99,h>vey1 ,h5ry ,cumm9s1 & ,walton1 ,?omas 0 ,may #a #aafj ,imray1 ,john 0 ,june #h #aead 99,hut*9s1 ,h5ry ,edw>d #ahgb ,jan4 #be #beb ,mills1 ,b5jam9 ,joseph ,b>n>d 0 ,m>* #bb #hha ,brolly1 ,william ,/u>t 0 ,may #ah #aebc 99,pi*]y1 ,jules ,l&re 0 ,july #aj #bjgd ,lanca/]1 ,h5ry 0 ,aug4 #bj #bdgb ,brodie1 ,james 0 ,sept4 #ah #bgfd 99,osborn1 ,william 0 ,oct4 #e #bidj ,krom]1 ,!odore #ahgc ,m>* #ba #ajeg ,morgan-,br[n1 ,william 0 ,may #bi #aicb ,fox1 ,h[>d ,busby 0 ,june #bf #bbai ,mansbridge1 ,?omas 0 ,july #be #bede 99,gre5wood1 ,h5ry ,br[n 0 ,aug4 #be #bgic ,hunt1 ,bri/[ 0 ,sept4 #af #cjbi 99,edw>ds1 ,john 0 0 #ai #cjha ,h>r+ton1 ,john 0 0 #bg #caei 99,vaughan1 ,h5ry 0 ,oct4 #bd #cdec ,ratcliff1 ,daniel ,r[l9son 0 0 #ca #ceej ,*atwood1 ,samuel 0 ,dec4 #ag #daci ,b>ton1 ,*>les #ahgd ,jan4 #c #dd ,h>r+ton1 ,john 0 ,feb4 #ai #fdb ,worrell1 ,?omas ,boyle 0 ,m>* #e #hah ,cl>ke1 ,h5ry 0 0 #cj #ajie ,:itwor? 0 ,april #af #acbj ,turn] 0 0 #ba #acgg ,:eel] 0 0 #bi #adie ,rutt] 0 ,june #f #aigd ,faddy 0 0 #bc #bagd ,titley ,,li/ ,,( ,,pat5ts ,,= ,,safes1 ,,etc41 ,,& ,,app>atus ,,= ,,protect+ ,,! ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,same4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- ,ye> ,day ,no4 ( ,"n ,*ief ,claims ,pat5t ---------------------------------------- ----------------------------------- #ahja ,feb4 #aj #bdgg ,scott1 ,ri*>d ,firepro(+ #ahcd 0 #ac #feee ,m>r1 ,william ,firepro(+ #ahce ,may #a #fhcb ,*ubb1 ,*>les ,case-h>d5+ plates #ahci ,june #aa #hajj ,*ubb1 ,*>les & ,well safes ,j]emiah #ahdj ,feb4 #bf #hdja ,miln]1 ,?omas ,firepro(+ #ahdc ,nov4 #be #iifc ,tann1 ,edw>d2 ,edw>d1 ,firepro(+4 ,a disclaim] ,jun41 & ,john aft]w>ds publi%$ ( c]ta9 p>ts #ahea ,m>* #c #acedj ,miln]1 ,william ,firepro(+ & bolts #ahec ,nov4 #g #behg ,newton1 ,alfr$ ,v9c5t ,*ill$ ca/-iron #ahed ,july #ab #aecc 99,g>dissal1 ,*>les ,= po/age & o!r ,dur& /amps 0 ,dec4 #bj #bfhd ,miln]1 ,william ,wood = lock-cases #ahee ,jan4 #ca #bcf ,price1 ,george ,pa9t+ int]ior & case-h>d5+ ext]ior 0 ,aug4 #ba #ahhh ,longsdon1 ,rob]t ,hydraulic app>atus 0 ,nov4 #bb #bfcb ,price1 ,george ,/eam-tight *e/s #ahef ,april #bd #ihi ,blacket1 ,frank ,william ,fix+ locks & deta*able heads to keys 0 ,aug4 #af #aiai ,lilley1 ,samuel ,*ill$ ca/-iron4 7,newton1 #ahec1 ,no4 #behg47 #aheg ,jan4 #bj #agb ,johnson1 ,john ,h5ry ,a %ip safe 0 ,april #af #ajge 99,crook1 ,samuel ,?omas ,ca/+ & weld+ 0 ,sept4 #be #bdha ,*ubb1 ,john ,/eel plugs & corrugat$ /eel 0 ,nov4 #be #bidg 99,hogg1 ,james ,revolv+ %utt] = door #ahei ,m>* #ba #gag ,rhodes1 ,william ,wat] = firepro(+ #ahfj ,april #bg #ajga 99,)]s1 ,george ,weld+ iron & /eel plates1 c4 0 ,may #bh #acjh ,*atwood1 ,samuel#f ,fluid metal run 9 betwe5 two plates 0 ,sept4 #ac #bbaa 99,price1 ,george ,coat+ doors ) /eel #ahfb ,jan4 #bi #bcb 99,pulv1 ,l\is ,wool & s& firepro(+ ,alex&re 0 ,oct4 #ac #bgej ,*atwood1 ,samuel ,tee-iron frame4 ,n9e claims 0 ,dec4 #ab #ccbg 99,w9iw>t]1 ,george ,firepro(+4 ,tubes b\nd ) /raw1 clay1 c4 #ahfc ,m>* #c #eid ,price1 ,george1 & ,angle-iron frame4 ,dawes1 ,william ,electro-gild+ lock #ahfd ,oct4 #aj #bdhe ,g>dn]1 ,william4 ,false bottom #ahfe ,jan4 #i #ga ,wiese1 ,fri$ri* ,firepro(+ 7,miln]1 #ahdj1 ,no4 #hdja7 0 ,feb4 #f #cbf ,%aw1 ,rob]t ,%op-w9d[ safe 0 0 #i #cfd ,*ubb1 ,john ,recess$ door1 c4 0 0 #ae #dci 99,cl>k1 ,alex&] ,*ill$ ca/-iron1 c4 7,lilley1 #ahef1 ,no4 #aiai47 0 ,feb4 #af #dej ,?ompson1 ,joseph ,solid flanges1 c4 0 0 #ag #dei 99,f]gusson1 ,james ,slid+ doors 0 0 #bb #dii 99,%ore1 ,george ,curv$ edge to door ,na?aniel 0 0 #bc #ejg ,:itfield1 ,samuel ,screw-bolts 0 0 #bc #ejh 99,mapp91 ,walt] ,flang$ plates & rivets ,s&ell 0 0 #bc #ead 99,taylor1 ,h5ry ,k9d5 ,expos$ safe 0 0 #bg #edc 99,tuck]1 ,walt] ,h5ry ,ca/+ & weld+ 0 0 #bh #eei ,h>t1 ,john ,mat?ias ,hold+ bolts 0 ,m>* #b #ehe ,*atwood1 ,samuel #ae claims4 7,%ore1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #dii2 & ,:itfield1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #ejg47 0 0 #f #fai 99,v>ley1 ,cromwell ,fleetwood ,electric app>atus 0 0 #f #fba 99,phillips1 ,samuel1 & ,groves1 ,joseph ,und]cut angle-iron1 c4 0 0 #h #fec 99,taylor1 ,ar?ur ,edw9 ,slid+ door 0 0 #i #ffj 99,h>ris1 ,joseph ,?omas ,fire-resi/+ doors 0 0 #aa #fie 99,tann1 ,john ,t5 claims 0 0 #ac #gjb 99,hill1 ,h5ry ,slid+ door4 7,taylor1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #fec47 0 0 #ad #gad 99,hodgson1 ,edmund ,slid+ door4 7,hill1 #ahfe1 ,dorman ,no4 #gjb47 0 0 #ae #gbh 99,loysel1 ,edw>d ,spiegel-eis51 c4 7,*atwood1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #ehe47 0 0 #ca #ijc 99,miln]1 ,william1 & ,ratcliff1 ,daniel ,r[l9son ,ribs1 hooks1 c4 0 0 #ca #ijd 99,cook1 ,?omas ,circul> door 0 ,april #d #idf 99,?ompson1 ,george ,curr ,screw-bolts4 7,*atwood1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #ehe2 ,:itfield1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #ejg47 0 0 #g #ajjj ,skidmore1 ,?omas ,inn] angle-iron frame 0 0 #ab #ajde ,h>t1 ,john ,mat?ias ,actuat+ bolts 0 0 #ac #ajef 99,*ubb1 ,john1 & ,projections on door ,goat]1 ,rob]t 0 ,june #bj #afeg ,p>i%1 ,james2 ,dovetail$ door ,?at*]1 ,*>les2 & ,glasscock1 ,?omas 0 ,july #bb #aiaa 99,diap]1 ,william ,z iron frame2 revolv+ /eel rods47,tann1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #fie47 0 ,aug4 #b #aiie 99,&rew1 ,?omas2 & ,screw-bolts4 7,?ompson1 ,taylor1 ,james ,:iteley #ahfe1 ,no4 #idf1 c41 c47 0 0 #b #bjjf ,allman1 ,h]b]t ,*ill$ ca/-iron1 c4 7,?ompson1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #dej47 0 0 #aa #bjha ,kjellb]g1 ,pet] ,susp5d$ safe ,c>lsson 0 0 #ag #baba ,phillips1 ,samuel2 ,dovetails1 curv$ edge1 c4 & ,groves1 ,joseph 7,*ubb1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #ajef2 ,%ore1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #dii47 0 ,sept4 #b #bbfe ,*atwood1 ,samuel ,ca/+ ) s(t metal 0 0 #g #bbid ,h>t1 ,john ,mat?ias ,jo9+ plates by metal 9 tubes 0 0 #i #bcah ,nord5skild1 ,adolf ,connect+ safe ) ,eric1 & wat]-pipes ,smi?1 ,john ,william 0 ,sept4 #bf #bdeg 99,p>igot1 ,claude1 & ,grivel1 ,anto9e ,lock+ app>atus 0 ,nov4 #bj #bigi 99,f5by1 ,joseph ,bev]ly ,exp&+ bolt 0 ,dec4 #a #cjhe 99,ba?o1 ,william ,fo!rgill ,/amp$ safe 0 0 #i #cafi 99,grivel1 ,anto9e ,keyless lock1 c4 0 0 #ba #ccje ,blackman1 ,john ,william ,connect+ safe ) wat]-pipes4 7,nord5skild1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #bcah47 0 0 #bc #ccba ,*atwood1 ,samuel ,ca/+ safes 0 0 #bc #ccbd 99,groves1 ,joseph1 & ,rob9son1 ,george ,project+ pieces1 c4 7,phillips1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #baba47 #ahff ,jan4 #aa #if 99,rudl+1 ,william ,atk9s ,electric app>atus 0 ,feb4 #ba #eda 99,deak91 ,william ,projections on doors1 c4 7,groves1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #ccbd47 0 0 #bc #eeb ,haddan1 ,j4 ,c41 & ,haddan1 ,h4 ,j4 ,circul> safes1 & vitrify+ ext]ior 0 ,m>* #b #fda ,tansley1 ,james ,int]lock+ doors 0 0 #c #fdh 99,hosk+1 ,alb]t ,gaslight detector 0 0 #f #fhe ,*ubb1 ,john ,tie-b>s1 rivets1 & h+es 0 ,m>* #g #fid ,price1 ,george ,plate-iron frame projections1 c4 7,tann1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #fie47 0 0 #i #gag 99,moxon1 ,?omas ,bew%] ,electric app>atus 0 0 #ac #ged ,jessop1 ,joseph1 & ,w>burton1 ,william ,s]rat$ edge to door 0 0 #ag #gib ,sag>1 ,?omas1 & ,keighley1 ,george ,cyl9drical safe4 7,haddan1 #ahff1 ,no4 #eeb47 0 0 #ag #gii ,h9ton1 ,fr$]ic ,circul> door4 7,sag>1 #ahff1 ,no4 #gib47 0 0 #bg #hie 99,bra*]1 ,john ,frame & angle-iron 0 0 #bi #iaa ,noake1 ,reub5 ,jo9+ edges4 7,bra*]1 #ahff1 ,no4 #hie47 0 0 #ca #icj ,h9d%aw1 ,george ,s]rat$ door1 c4 7,jessop1 #ahff1 ,no4 #ged47 0 ,april #d #ied 99,maddocks1 ,john1 & ,dunn1 ,william ,slid+ doors & dovetail$ b>s 0 0 #ai #aajf ,evans1 ,daniel ,weld+ & jo9+ plates4 7,h>t1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #bbid47 0 ,may #af #achg ,gisborne1 ,john ,sa*ev]ell ,electric & clockwork app>atus 0 0 #af #acij ,price1 ,elihu & ,cyrus ,moveable b>s2 firepro( inn] door 0 ,june #g #aegj ,grivel1 ,anto9e ,n9e claims4 ,lock+ app>atus 0 0 #aa #aehg 99,baxt]1 ,john1 & ,hunt1 ,john ,s]rat$ door & ca/+ ,no4 safe4 7,h9d%aw1 #ahff1 #icj2 ,tuck]1 #ahfe1 ,no #edc47 0 ,june #ab #aeih 99,kurz1 ,fr$]ick ,william ,d\ble slid+-doors4 7,maddocks1 #ahff1 ,no4 #ied47 0 0 #bb #afga ,peyton1 ,edw>d ,circul> door 0 ,aug4 #a #aigg ,bill+1 ,edw9 ,isaac ,sph]ical safe 0 0 #b #aiic 99,*illcott1 ,isaac ,eldon ,s]rat$ door4 7,baxt]1 #ahff1 ,no4 #aehg1 & o!rs47 0 0 #bb #baeb ,m9ns1 ,h5ry ,royall ,claw-bolts1 & firepro(+4 7,miln]1 #ahdj1 ,no4 #hdja47 0 ,sept4 #c #bbef ,hosk+1 ,alb]t ,:it=d ,gaslight detector4 7,hosk+1 #ahff1 ,no4 #fdh47 0 ,nov4 #c #bhef ,*ubb1 ,john1 & ,*alk1 ,william ,h5ry ,diagonal bolts1 & ov]lapp+ frame 0 0 #g #bhid ,goodbr&1 ,walt]1 & ,holl&1 ,?omas ,eccles ,gaslight detector4 7,hosk+1 #ahff1 #bbef4 0 0 #bb #cjfd 99,ni*olson1 ,james ,ov]lapp+ door 0 ,dec4 #ab #cbfe ,*atwood1 ,samuel ,lock+ app>atus #ahfg ,jan4 #bc #agf 99,p9ney1 ,john ,*ill$ ca/+4 7,tuck]1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #edc47 0 0 #bi #bbi ,snell1 ,william ,wat] firepro(+4 7,rhodes1 #ahei1 ,no4 #gag47 0 ,feb4 #ac #djj ,we/wood1 ,jos41 & ,baillie1 ,robt4 ,rebat$ door1 c4 7,9 use _m ye>s be=e47 0 ,june #ad #agda 99,bryant1 ,hezekiah ,haz>d ,wat] firepro(+4 7,snell1 #ahfg1 ,no4 #bbi47 0 ,aug4 #ai #bchb 99,c[p]1 ,edw>d ,alfr$ ,weld+ plates 0 ,sept4 #be #bfif 99,ratcliff1 ,daniel ,r[l9son ,angles dovetail$ to b>s #ahfh ,jan4 #a #b ,lake1 ,william ,rob]t ,sph]ical safe1 c4 0 0 #bi #cjg ,snell1 ,william ,wood firepro(+1 c4 0 ,m>* #ah #ibf 99,wailes1 ,george ,jo9+ angles 0 ,april #bb #acaa 99,fiddes1 ,augu/9e1 & ,curtis1 ,*>les ,john ,lock+ app>atus4 7,*ubb1 #aheg1 ,no4 #bdha2 ,price1 #ahfc1 ,no4 #eid2 ,diap]1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #aiaa47 0 0 #cj #adae ,*atwood1 ,samuel ,weld+ plates1 c4 7,c[p]1 #ahfg1 ,no4 #bchb2 ,*ubb1 #ahff1 ,no4 #bhef2 ,bra*]1 #ahff1 ,no4 #hie47 0 ,june #ag #aiga ,rhodes1 ,william & ,james ,frames4 7,*ubb1 #ahfe2 ,no4 #ajef2 ,*ubb1 #ahff1 ,no4 #bhef47 0 ,july #ae #bbbh 99,de ,b]gue1 ,*>les1 & ,haddan1 ,john ,coope ,circul> safes1 c4 0 ,aug4 #g #bdfi ,curtis1 ,*>les ,john1 & ,fiddes1 ,augu/9e ,skeleton frames1 revolv+ rods1 c4 7,diap]1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #aiaa2 ,price1 #ahff1 ,no4 #fid2 ,wailes1 #ahfh1 ,no4 #ibf47 0 ,april #e #ajbf ,:ite1 ,william ,george ,hook$ bolts1 & tr\gh iron4 7,m9ns1 #ahff1 ,no4 #baeb2 ,*ubb1 #ahff1 ,no4 #bhef47 0 ,may #f #acii ,h>t1 ,john ,mat?ias ,jo9tless body2 hook$ bolts1 c4 7,:ite1 #ahfi1 ,no4 #ajbf47 0 0 #ai #aeeb 99,full]1 ,william ,fr$]ick ,screw night-bolt 0 ,sept4 #bb #bgei ,m9ns1 ,h5ry ,royall ,hook$ slid+ bolt4 7,m9ns1 #ahff1 ,no4 #baeb47 0 ,nov4 #bd #cchh ,mc,neill1 ,&rew ,float+ safe 0 ,dec4 #i #cefd ,ball\1 ,russell ,arnold ,lampblack firepro(+ #ahgj ,jan4 #ai #afb 99,mawe1 ,william ,circul> screw door 0 ,m>* #i #fid 99,duffey1 ,james ,firepro(+4 7,bryant1 #ahfg1 ,no4 #agda2 ,snell1 #ahfg1 ,no4 #bbi2 ,rhodes1 #ahei1 ,no4 #gag47 0 ,may #e #abhi ,johnson1 ,john ,h5ry ,firepro(+2 /eam safe 0 ,june #g #afdh 99,s*f]1 ,fr$]ick ,/eel %utt] 0 ,july #ad #aiib 99,curtis1 ,*>les ,john1 & ,fiddes1 ,augu/9e ,firepro(+4 7,johnson1 #ahgj1 ,no4 #abhi47 0 0 #bi #bacb ,m9ns1 ,h5ry ,royall ,lock+ app>atus4 7,m9ns1 #ahfi1 ,no4 #bgei47 0 ,oct4 #f #bfed 99,*atwood1 ,samuel1 & ,tob91 ,?omas ,william ,air *amb]s1 c4 0 ,nov4 #a #bhgf ,newton1 ,william ,edw>d ,electro-magnetic app>atus #ahga ,may #e #abba ,ratcliff1 ,daniel ,r[l9son ,comp\nd hook$ bolt 0 ,july #f #agfa ,f>rel1 ,john ,spiegel-eis51 angle-frame1 c47,*atwood1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #ehe2 ,price1 #ahfc1 ,no4 #eid47 0 ,nov4 #af #cajh ,haselt9e1 ,george ,electro-magnetic app>atus 0 0 #ah #cabh ,corliss1 ,william ,sph]ical safe4 ,f\rte5 claims #ahgb ,feb4 #ad #deh 99,cottam1 ,edw>d ,support+ safes 0 0 #bj #edb 99,nickson1 ,philip ,h5ry ,hammond ,mica l9+4 7,snell1 #ahfh1 ,no4 #cjg47 0 ,m>* #d #ffh ,fo!rgill1 ,b5jam91 & ,rumble1 ,?omas ,william ,con/ruct+ safes4 7,see all pat5ts relat+ to /eel1 *ill$ iron1 c47 0 ,may #bh #afaa ,hobbs1 ,alfr$ ,*>les1 & ,h>t1 ,john ,mat?ias ,use ( /eel1 c4 7,fo!rgill1 #ahgb1 ,no4 #ffh47 0 ,july #f #bjdh ,elwell1 ,james ,f5ton1 & ,grove1 ,joseph ,knuckle-bolts 0 0 #ab #bajc 99,*amb]s1 ,john ,wilk9son ,electric signals 0 ,oct4 #g #biec ,g>dn]1 ,william ,secur+ safe to floor #ahgc ,jan4 #ae #afe ,hipk9s1 ,edw>d ,tee-iron frame1 c4 ,*atwood1 #ahfb1 ,no4 #bgej2 ,tann1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #fie47 0 0 #ag #aid ,p]man1 ,*>les ,hayw>d1 & ,:itak]1 ,ri*>d ,lids ( boxes 0 ,jan4 #ah #bbf ,lake1 ,william ,rob]t ,wat] firepro(+4 7,duffey1 #ahgj1 ,no4 #fid1 c47 0 ,may #ba #ahdf ,*atwood1 ,samuel ,air-pipes r\nd safe 0 ,june #i #bjdh ,:i*cord1 ,john1 & ,&]son1 ,william ,con/ruct+ safes4 7,fo!rgill1 #ahgb1 ,no4 #ffh47 0 0 #aj #bjej ,hayw>d1 ,walt] ,frank ,angles & doors4 7,phillips1 #ahfe1 ,no4 #fba2 ,phillips1 #ahfe1 #ahff1 ,no4 #baba2 ,*ubb1 ,no4 #bhef2 ,price1 #ahfc1 ,no4 #eid2 ,price1 #ahff1 ,no4 #baba47 0 0 #ai #badi 99,ea/on1 ,edw>d2 ,pole1 ,william2 & ,:i*cord1 ,john ,doors slid+ by hydraulic pressure 0 ,sept4 #ah #cjfe ,cottam1 ,edw>d ,s]ies ( safes 0 ,nov4 #ac #cfhi 99,fe>1 ,h5ry1 & ,wilson1 ,pet] ,h+es & hook$ bolts4 7,:ite1 #ahfi1 ,no4 #ajbf1 c47 0 ,dec4 #aj #djff ,taunton1 ,john ,ri*>d ,cromwell ,rotat+ /eel discs #ahgd ,jan4 #bd #cbj ,*ubb1 ,george ,hayt]1 & ,*alk1 ,william ,h5ry ,fix+ l9+1 & lock+ app>atus4 7,*ubb1 #ahff1 ,no4 #bhef47 0 ,feb4 #ac #eeb ,goat]1 ,john ,g5]al con/ruction4 ,t5 claims 0 ,june #aj #bjbi ,brannon ,,london3 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,spottiswoode ,,& ,,co41 ,,new-,,/reet ,,squ>e ,,& ,,p>liam5t ,,/reet ,,footnotes3 #a #8,con/ruction ( ,locks & ,keys1' by ! late ,mr4 ,john ,*ubb4 ,read be=e ! ,in/itute ( ,civil ,eng9e]s4 #b ,a curv$ edge _h be5 previ\sly pat5t$ by ,%ore1 ,febru>y #bbnd1 #ahfe4 #c ,mr4 ,braidwood 0 at ! head ( ! ,london ,fire ,brigade2 &1 aft] a h>dwork+ & useful life1 0 kill$ at ! po/ ( duty dur+ ! great ,tooley ,/reet ,fire 9 #ahfa1 by ! sudd5 collapse ( a wall4 ,?is fire burnt = a =tnight1 & caus$ ! loss ( prop]ty valu$ at #b1jjj1jjjl4 /]l+4 #d ,see #8,fire ,surveys1' p4 #gc4 #e ,ext5d$ until #ahgi1 by ,judicial ,committee ( ,privy ,c\ncil4 #f ,ext5d$ until #ahgi1 by ,judicial ,committee ( ,privy ,c\ncil4