,transcrib$ f ! #aibb ,jona?an ,cape edition by ,david ,price1 email ccx#jgdpglaf4org ,luck1 or ,cunn+ ,z ! ,ma9 ,means ( ,organic ,modification8 ,picture3 ,decorative graphic 99 99 99 99 99 ,jona?an ,cape ,elev5 ,g[] ,/reet1 ,london 99 99 99 99 99 ,fir/ ,publi%$ #ahhg ,second ,edition #aibj ,re-issu$ #aibb 99 99 99 99 99 ,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,! ,,late ,,alfr$ ,,taylor1 ,,esq41 c4 ,,^: ,,exp]im5ts ,,at ,,c>%alton ,,9 ,,! ,,ye>s #ahhc ,,& #ahhd ,,e/abli%$ ,,t ,,plants ,,also ,,are ,,end[$ ,,) ,,intellig5tial ,,& ,,volitional ,,faculties ,,?is ,,book ,,begun ,,at ,,8 ,,in/igation ,,is ,,gratefully ,,& ,,affectionately ,,inscrib$ ,note ,,?is second edition ( ,luck1 or ,cunn+8 is a repr9t ( ! fir/ edition1 dat$ #ahhg1 b actually publi%$ 9 ,novemb]1 #ahhf4 ,! only alt]ations ( any consequ5ce are 9 ! ,index1 :i* has be5 enl>g$ by ! incorporation ( sev]al entries made by ! au?or 9 a copy ( ! book :i* came into my possession on ! dea? ( 8 lit]>y executor1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,/reatfeild4 ,i ?ank ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,webb1 ( ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y1 ,cambridge1 = ! c>e & skill ) :i* he has made ! necess>y alt]ations2 x 0 a tr\blesome job because ow+ to ! re-sett+1 ! pag9ation 0 no long] ! same4 ,luck1 or ,cunn+8 is ! f\r? ( ,butl]'s evolution books2 x 0 foll[$ 9 #ahij by ?ree articles 9 ,! ,univ]sal ,review entitl$ 8,! ,deadlock 9 ,d>w9ism0 7republi%$ 9 ,! ,hum\r ( ,hom]71 aft] :i* he publi%$ no m ^u t subject4 ,9 ?is book1 z he says 9 8 ,introduction1 he insi/s ^u two ma9 po9ts3 7#a7 ! sub/antial id5tity betwe5 h]$ity & memory1 & 7#b7 ! re9troduction ( design into organic developm5t2 & ^! two po9ts he treats z ?\gh !y h some?+ ( t physical life ) :i* !y are s closely associat$4 ,he 0 aw>e t :at he _h to say 0 likely to prove m int]e/+ to future g5]ations ?an to 8 imm$iate public1 8b any book t desires to see out a lit]>y ?ree-score ye>s & t5 mu/ (f] some?+ to future g5]ations z well z to its own40 ,by next ye> "o half ( ! ?ree-score ye>s & t5 w h pass$1 & ! new g5]ation by _! con/ant enquiries = ! "w h already begun to %[ _! appreciation ( ,butl]'s me?od ( treat+ ! subject1 & _! read9ess to li/5 to :at 0 address$ to !m z well z to _! fa!rs4 ,,h5ry ,,fe/+ ,,jones4 ,m>*1 #aibj4 ,au?or's ,preface to ,fir/ ,edition ,,?is book1 z ,i h said 9 my conclud+ *apt]1 has turn$ out v diff]5t f ! "o ,i _h x 9 my m9d to write :5 ,i began x4 ,x arose out ( a conv]sation ) ! late ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,tylor soon aft] 8 pap] on ! gr[? ( trees & protoplasmic cont9uity 0 read be=e ! ,l9nean ,society--t is to say1 9 ,decemb]1 #ahhd--;& ,i propos$ to make ! !ory conc]n+ ! subdivision ( organic life into animal & vegetable1 :i* ,i h broa*$ 9 my conclud+ *apt]1 ! ma9 feature ( ! book4 ,"o aft]noon1 on leav+ ,mr4 ,tylor's b$side1 mu* t\*$ at ! deep disappo9tm5t he evid5tly felt at be+ unable to complete ! "w he _h begun s ably1 x occurr$ to me t x might be "s pleasure to him if ,i promis$ to d$icate my own book to him1 & ?us1 h[ev] unwor?y x might be1 connect x ) 8 "n4 ,x occurr$ to me1 ( c\rse1 also t ! hon\r to my own book w\ld be great] ?an any x c\ld conf]1 b ! "t 0 n "o = balanc+ consid]ations nicely1 & :5 ,i made my sugge/ion to ,mr4 ,tylor on ! la/ occasion t ,i ev] saw him1 ! mann] 9 :i* he receiv$ x settl$ ! "q4 ,if he _h liv$ ,i %\ld no d\bt h kept m closely to my plan1 & %\ld probably h be5 furni%$ by him ) mu* t w\ld h enri*$ ! book & made x m wor?y ( 8 acceptance2 b ?is 0 n to be4 ,9 ! c\rse ( writ+ ,i became m & m conv9c$ t no progress c\ld be made t[>ds a s\nd] view ( ! !ory ( desc5t until p came to und]/& :at ! late ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9's !ory ( natural selection am\nt$ to1 & h[ x 0 t x ev] came to be prop\nd$4 ,until ! m9dless !ory ( ,*>les ,d>w9ian natural selection 0 f9ally discr$it$1 & a m9dful !ory ( evolution 0 sub/itut$ 9 its place1 nei!r ,mr4 ,tylor's exp]im5ts nor my own !ories c\ld /& mu* *ance ( be+ att5d$ to4 ,i !re=e devot$ myself ma9ly1 z ,i _h done 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new10 & 9 8,unconsci\s ,memory10 to consid]+ :e!r ! view tak5 by ! late ,mr4 ,d>w91 or ! "o put =w>d by 8 ?ree mo/ illu/ri\s pr$ecessors1 %\ld mo/ comm& our ass5t4 ,! deflection f my orig9al purpose 0 increas$ by ! appe>ance1 ab\t a ye> ago1 ( ,mr4 ,grant ,all5's 8,*>les ,d>w910 :i* ,i imag9e to h _h a v l>ge circulation4 ,s important1 inde$1 did ,i ?9k x n to leave ,mr4 ,all5's /atem5ts un*all5g$1 t 9 ,novemb] la/ ,i reca/ my book completely1 cutt+ out mu* t ,i _h writt51 & practically />t+ anew4 ,h[ f> ,mr4 ,tylor w\ld h lik$ x1 or ev5 sanction$ its be+ d$icat$ to him1 if he 7 n[ liv+1 ,i _c1 ( c\rse1 say4 ,i nev] he>d him speak ( ! late ,mr4 ,d>w9 9 any b t]ms ( w>m respect1 & am by no means sure t he w\ld h be5 well pleas$ at an attempt to connect him ) a book s polemical z ! pres5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a promise made & receiv$ z m9e 01 _c be set aside lightly4 ,! und]/&+ 0 t my next book 0 to be d$icat$ to ,mr4 ,tylor2 ,i h writt5 ! be/ ,i c\ld1 & inde$ nev] took s mu* pa9s ) any o!r2 to ,mr4 ,tylor's memory1 !re=e1 ,i h mo/ respectfully1 & regretfully1 inscrib$ x4 ,desir+ t ! responsibility = :at has be5 done %\ld re/ ) me1 ,i h avoid$ say+ any?+ ab\t ! book :ile x 0 9 progress to any ( ,mr ,tylor's family or repres5tatives4 ,!y "k no?+1 !re=e1 ( its cont5ts1 & if !y did1 w\ld probably feel ) myself v unc]ta9 h[ f> x is "r to use ,mr4 ,tylor's "n 9 connection ) x4 ,i c only tru/ t1 on ! :ole1 !y may ?9k ,i h done mo/ rightly 9 adh]+ to ! lett] ( my promise4 ,octob] #ae1 #ahhf4 ,cont5ts ,page ,,note1 ,,by ,,h5ry ,,fe/+ ,,jones #f ,,au?or',s ,,preface ,,to ,,fir/ ,,edition #g ,i4 ,,introduction #ac ,,ii4 ,,mr4 ,,h]b]t ,,sp5c] #bh ,,iii4 ,,mr4 ,,h]b]t ,,sp5c] 7cont9u$7 #db ,,iv4 ,,mr4 ,,romanes' 8,,m5tal ,,evolution ,,9 ,,animals0 #eb ,v4 ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,"q ,,at ,,issue #gj ,,vi4 ,,/atem5t ,,( ,,! ,,"q ,,at ,,issue #hj 7cont9u$7 ,,vii4 ,,mr4 ,,sp5c]',s 8,,! ,,factors ,,( ,,organic #ajj ,,evolution0 ,,viii4 ,,prop]ty1 ,,common ,,s5se1 ,,& ,,protoplasm #aab ,,ix4 ,,prop]ty1 ,,common ,,s5se1 ,,& ,,protoplasm #abe 7cont9u$7 ,x4 ,,! ,,attempt ,,to ,,elim9ate ,,m9d #ace ,,xi4 ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,escape #adg ,,xii4 ,,:y ,,d>w9',s ,,v>iations ,,7 ,,accid5tal #aef ,,xiii4 ,,d>w9',s ,,claim ,,to ,,desc5t ,,) ,,modification #afh ,,xiv4 ,,d>w9 ,,& ,,desc5t ,,) ,,modification #agg 7cont9u$7 ,,xv4 ,,! ,,excis$ 8,,my',s0 #bjb ,,xvi4 ,,mr4 ,,grant ,,all5',s 8,,*>les ,,d>w90 #baa ,,xvii4 ,,pr(essor ,,ray ,,lanke/] ,,& ,,lam>ck #bbe ,,xviii4 ,,p] ,,contra #bci ,,xix4 ,,conclusion #bea ,*apt] ,i ,introduction ,i ,,%all p]haps be/ promote ! acceptance ( ! two ma9 po9ts on :i* ,i h be5 insi/+ = "s ye>s pa/1 ,i mean1 ! sub/antial id5tity betwe5 h]$ity & memory1 & ! re9troduction ( design into organic developm5t1 by treat+ !m z if !y _h some?+ ( t physical life ) :i* !y are s closely connect$4 ,ideas are l plants & animals 9 ?is respect also1 z 9 s _m o!rs1 t !y are m fully und]/ood :5 _! relations to o!r ideas ( _! "t1 & ! hi/ory ( _! developm5t are kn[n & borne 9 m9d4 ,by developm5t ,i d n m]ely mean _! gr[? 9 ! m9ds ( ^? :o fir/ advanc$ !m1 b t l>g] developm5t :i* consi/s 9 _! subsequ5t good or evil =tunes--9 _! reception1 fav\rable or o!rwise1 by ^? to :om !y 7 pres5t$4 ,?is is to an idea :at its surr\nd+s are to an organism1 & ?r[s mu* ! same light ^u x t k ( ! conditions "u :i* an organism lives ?r[s ^u ! organism itself4 ,i %all1 !re=e1 beg9 ?is new "w ) a few rem>ks ab\t its pr$ecessors4 ,i am aw>e t :at ,i may say on ?is head is likely to prove m int]e/+ to future /ud5ts ( ! lit]ature ( desc5t ?an to my imm$iate public1 b any book t desires to see out a lit]>y ?ree-score ye>s & t5 mu/ (f] some?+ to future g5]ations z well z to its own4 ,x is a condition ( its survival t x %all d ?is1 & h]e9 lies "o ( ! au?or's *ief difficulties4 ,if books only liv$ z long z m5 & wom51 we %\ld "k bett] h[ to gr[ !m2 z matt]s /&1 h[ev]1 ! au?or lives = "o or two g5]ations1 :om he comes 9 ! end to und]/& fairly well1 :ile ! book1 if reasonable pa9s h be5 tak5 ) x1 %\ld live m or less usefully = a doz54 ,ab\t ! great] numb] ( ^! g5]ations ! au?or is 9 ! d>k2 b come :at may1 "s ( !m are sure to h arriv$ at conclusions diametrically oppos$ to our own ^u e subject connect$ ) art1 sci5ce1 philosophy1 & religion2 x is pla91 !re=e1 t if po/]ity is to be pleas$1 x c only be at ! co/ ( repell+ "s pres5t read]s4 ,unwill+ z ,i am to d ?is1 ,i /ill hold x ! less] ( two evils2 ,i w be z brief1 h[ev]1 z ! int]e/s ( ! op9ions ,i am support+ w all[4 ,9 8,life & ,habit0 ,i cont5d$ t h]$ity 0 a mode ( memory4 ,i endeav\r$ to %[ t all h]$it>y traits1 :e!r ( m9d or body1 are inh]it$ 9 virtue (1 & z a manife/ation (1 ! same p[] :]eby we are able to rememb] intellig5tly :at we did half an h\r1 ye/]day1 or a twelvemon? s9ce1 & ?is 9 no figurative b 9 a p]fectly real s5se4 ,if life be comp>$ to an equation ( a hundr$ unkn[n quantities1 ,i foll[$ ,pr(essor ,h]+ ( ,prague 9 r$uc+ x to "o ( n9ety-n9e only1 by %[+ two ( ! suppos$ unkn[n quantities to be s closely alli$ t !y %\ld c\nt z "o4 ,i ma9ta9$ t in/9ct 0 inh]it$ memory1 & ?is )\t admitt+ m exceptions & qualify+ clauses ?an arise1 z x 71 by way ( h>monics f e proposition1 & mu/ be neglect$ if ?\ght & language are to be possible4 ,i %[$ t if ! view = :i* ,i 0 cont5d+ 0 tak51 _m facts :i*1 ?\gh famili>1 7 /ill )\t explanation or connection ) our o!r ideas1 w\ld rema9 no long] isolat$1 b be se5 at once z jo9$ ) ! ma9l& ( our mo/ assur$ convictions4 ,among ! ?+s ?us br\ght m com=tably home to u 0 ! pr9ciple und]ly+ longevity4 ,x became app>5t :y "s liv+ be+s %\ld live long] ?an o!rs1 & h[ any race mu/ be treat$ ^: longevity x is desir$ to increase4 ,hi!rto we _h kn[n t an elephant 0 a long-liv$ animal & a fly %ort-liv$1 b we c\ld give no reason :y ! "o %\ld live long] ?an ! o!r2 t is to say1 x did n foll[ 9 imm$iate coh]5ce )1 or z intimately associat$ )1 any famili> pr9ciple t an animal :i* is late 9 ! full developm5t ( its reproductive sy/em w t5d to live long] ?an "o :i* reproduces e>ly4 ,if ! !ory ( 8,life & ,habit0 be admitt$1 ! fact ( a sl[-gr[+ animal be+ 9 g5]al long] liv$ ?an a quick develop] is se5 to be connect$ )1 & to foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse f1 ! fact ( our be+ able to rememb] any?+ at all1 & all ! well-kn[n traits ( memory1 z obs]v$ :]e we c be/ take note ( !m1 are p]ceiv$ to be reproduc$ ) s+ul> fidelity 9 ! developm5t ( an animal f its embryonic /ages to maturity4 ,take ?is view1 & ! v g5]al /]ility ( hybrids f be+ a crux ( ! !ory ( desc5t becomes a /ronghold ( def5ce4 ,x appe>s z "p ( ! same /ory z ! b5efit d]iv$ f judici\s1 & ! mis*ief f injudici\s1 cross+2 & ?is1 9 its turn1 is se5 z "p ( ! same /ory1 z ! good we get f *ange ( air & sc5e :5 we are ov]work$4 ,i w n amplify2 b rev]sion to long-lo/1 or f]al1 *>act]i/ics1 ! ph5om5a ( old age1 ! fact ( ! reproductive sy/em be+ g5]ally ! la/ to arrive at maturity--few fur!r developm5ts occurr+ 9 any organism aft] ?is has be5 atta9$--! /]ility ( _m animals 9 conf9em5t1 ! developm5t 9 bo? males & females "u c]ta9 circum/ances ( ! *>act]i/ics ( ! opposite sex1 ! lat5cy ( memory1 ! unconsci\sness ) :i* we gr[1 & inde$ p]=m all famili> actions1 ^! po9ts1 ?\gh hi!rto1 mo/ ( !m1 s app>5tly inexplicable t no "o ev5 attempt$ to expla9 !m1 became at once intelligible1 if ! cont5tions ( 8,life & ,habit0 7 admitt$4 ,be=e ,i _h f9i%$ writ+ ?is book ,i fell 9 ) ,pr(essor ,miv>t's 8,g5esis ( ,species10 & = ! fir/ "t und]/ood ! di/9ction betwe5 ! ,lam>ckian & ,*>les-,d>w9ian sy/ems ( evolution4 ,?is _h n1 s f> z ,i !n knew1 be5 z yet made cle> to u by any ( our m prom95t writ]s ^u ! subject ( desc5t ) modification2 ! di/9ction 0 unkn[n to ! g5]al public1 & inde$ is only n[ beg9n+ to be widely und]/ood4 ,:ile read+ ,mr4 ,miv>t's book1 h[ev]1 ,i became aw>e t ,i 0 be+ fac$ by two facts1 ea* incontrov]tible1 b ea*1 if its lead+ expon5ts 7 to be tru/$1 incompatible ) ! o!r4 ,on ! "o h& !re 0 desc5t2 we c\ld n read ,mr4 ,d>w9's books & d\bt t all1 bo? animals & plants1 7 desc5d$ f a common s\rce4 ,on ! o!r1 !re 0 design2 we c\ld n read ,paley & refuse to admit t design1 intellig5ce1 adaptation ( means to ends1 mu/ h _h a l>ge %>e 9 ! developm5t ( ! life we saw ar\nd u2 x seem$ indisputable t ! m9ds & bodies ( all liv+ be+s mu/ h come to be :at !y are ?r\gh a wise ord]+ & adm9i/]+ ( _! e/ates4 ,we c\ld n1 !re=e1 disp5se ei!r ) desc5t or ) design1 & yet x seem$ impossible to keep bo?1 = ^? :o (f]$ u desc5t /uck to x t we c\ld h no design1 & ^?1 aga91 :o spoke s wisely & s well ab\t design w\ld n = a mom5t he> ( desc5t ) modification4 ,ea*1 moreov]1 _h a /rong case4 ,:o c\ld reflect ^u rudim5t>y organs1 & grant ,paley ! k9d ( design t alone w\ld cont5t him8 ,& yet :o c\ld exam9e ! foot or ! eye1 & grant ,mr4 ,d>w9 8 d5ial ( =e?\ght & plan8 ,= t ,mr4 ,d>w9 did d5y skill & contrivance 9 connection ) ! greatly prepond]at+ "p ( organic developm5ts _c be & is n n[ disput$4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( 8,evolution ,old & ,new0 ,i br\ght =w>d passages to %[ h[ completely he & 8 foll[]s d5y design1 b w "h quote "o ( ! late/ ( ! _m t h appe>$ to ! same effect s9ce 8,evolution ,old & ,new0 0 publi%$2 x is by ,mr4 ,romanes1 & runs z foll[s3-- 8,x is ! v ess5ce ( ! ,d>w9ian hypo!sis t x only seeks to expla9 ! app>5tly purposive v>iations1 or v>iations ( an adaptive k9d40 #ag;a ,! words 8app>5tly purposive0 %[ t ^? organs 9 animals & plants :i* at fir/ sight seem to h be5 design$ ) a view to ! "w !y h to d--t is to say1 ) a view to future function--_h n1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,d>w91 9 reality any connection )1 or inception 91 ef=t2 ef=t involves purpose & design2 !y _h !re=e no inception 9 design1 h[ev] mu* !y might pres5t ! appe>ance ( be+ design$2 ! appe>ance 0 delusive2 ,mr4 ,romanes correctly decl>es x to be 8! v ess5ce0 ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's sy/em to attempt an explanation ( ^! seem+ly purposive v>iations :i* %all be compatible ) _! hav+ aris5 )\t be+ 9 any way connect$ ) intellig5ce or design4 ,z x is indisputable t ,mr4 ,d>w9 d5i$ design1 s nei!r c x be d\bt$ t ,paley d5i$ desc5t ) modification4 ,:at1 !n1 7 ! wrong entries 9 ^! two sets ( acc\nts1 on ! detection & removal ( :i* !y w\ld be f\nd to balance z !y ought8 ,paley's weake/ place1 z already impli$1 is 9 ! matt] ( rudim5t>y organs2 ! almo/ univ]sal pres5ce 9 ! high] organisms ( useless1 & sometimes ev5 tr\blesome1 organs is fatal to ! k9d ( design he is try+ to uphold2 grant$ t !re is design1 /ill x _c be s f9al & f>-=esee+ z he wi%es to make x out4 ,mr4 ,d>w9's weak place1 on ! o!r h&1 lies1 fir/ly1 9 ! supposition t because rudim5t>y organs imply no purpose n[1 !y c\ld nev] 9 "t pa/ h done s--t because !y _h cle>ly n be5 design$ ) an eye to all circum/ances & all "t1 !y nev]1 !re=e1 c\ld h be5 design$ ) an eye to any "t or any circum/ances2 &1 secondly1 9 ma9ta9+ t 8accid5tal10 8=tuit\s10 8spontane\s0 v>iations c\ld be accumulat$ at all except "u conditions t h nev] be5 fulfill$ yet1 & nev] w be2 9 o!r words1 8 weak place lay 9 ! cont5tion 7= x comes to ?is7 t !re c be su/a9$ accumulation ( bodily weal?1 m ?an ( weal? ( any o!r k9d1 unless su/a9$ exp]i5ce1 wat*fulness1 & good s5se preside ov] ! accumulation4 ,9 8,life & ,habit10 foll[+ ,mr4 ,miv>t1 &1 z ,i n[ f9d1 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,i %[$ 7pp4 #bgi-bha7 h[ impossible x 0 = v>iations to accumulate unless !y 7 = ! mo/ "p und]la9 by a su/a9$ g5]al pr9ciple2 b ?is subject w be t\*$ ^u m fully lat] on4 ,! accumulation ( accid5tal v>iations :i* ow$ no?+ to m9d ei!r 9 _! inception1 or _! accumulation1 ! pit*=k+1 9 fact1 ( m9d out ( ! univ]se1 or at any rate its exclusion f all %>e wor? talk+ ab\t 9 ! process ( organic developm5t1 ?is 0 ! pill ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h giv5 u to swall[2 b s ?ickly _h he gild$ x ) desc5t ) modification1 t we did z we 7 told1 swall[$ x )\t a murmur1 7 lavi% 9 our expressions ( gratitude1 &1 = "s tw5ty ye>s or s1 ?r\gh ! m\?s ( our lead+ biologi/s1 ord]$ design p]emptorily out ( c\rt1 if %e s mu* z d>$ to %[ h]self4 ,inde$1 we h ev5 giv5 life p5sions to "s ( ! mo/ notable ( ^! biologi/s1 ,i suppose 9 ord] to rew>d !m = hav+ hoodw9k$ u s mu* to our satisfaction4 ,happily ! old say+1 ,naturam expellas furc1 tam5 usque recurret1 /ill holds true1 & ! reaction t has be5 ga9+ =ce = "s "t w d\btless ere long bru% aside ! cobwebs ) :i* ^? :o h a ve/$ int]e/ 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's reputation z a philosoph] /ill try to fog our outlook4 ,pr(essor ,miv>t 01 z ,i h said1 among ! fir/ to awak5 u to ,mr4 ,d>w9's d5ial ( design1 & to ! absurdity involv$ !re94 ,he well %[$ h[ incr$ible ,mr ,d>w9's sy/em 0 f\nd to be1 z soon z x 0 fully realis$1 b !re he r left u4 ,he seem$ to say t we mu/ h our desc5t & our design too1 b he did n %[ h[ we 7 to manage ?is ) rudim5t>y organs /ill />+ u 9 ! face4 ,8 "w r l$ up to ! cle>] /atem5t ( ! difficulty ?an ei!r put x be=e u 9 s _m words1 or tri$ to remove x4 ,nev]!less !re c be no d\bt t ! 8,g5esis ( ,species0 gave ,natural ,selection :at w prove soon] or lat] to be its dea?-bl[1 9 spite ( ! p]si/5ce ) :i* _m /ill decl>e t x has receiv$ no hurt1 & ! six? edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 publi%$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 bore abundant traces ( ! fray4 ,moreov]1 ?\gh ,mr4 ,miv>t gave u no ov]t aid1 he po9t$ to ! s\rce f :i* help might come1 by expressly say+ t 8 mo/ important objection to ,neo-,d>w9ism _h no =ce aga9/ ,lam>ck4 ,to ,lam>ck1 !re=e1 ,i naturally turn$1 & soon saw t ! !ory on :i* ,i _h be5 insi/+ 9 8,life & ,habit0 0 9 reality an easy coroll>y on 8 sy/em1 ?\gh "o :i* he does n appe> to h caught sight (4 ,i saw also t 8 d5ial ( design 0 only1 s to speak1 sk9 deep1 & t 8 sy/em 0 9 reality teleological1 inasmu* z1 to use ,isidore ,ge(froy's words1 x makes ! organism design itself4 ,9 mak+ v>iations dep5d on *ang$ actions1 & ^!1 aga91 on *ang$ views ( life1 ef=ts1 & designs1 9 consequ5ce ( *ang$ conditions ( life1 he 9 effect makes ef=t1 int5tion1 w1 all ( :i* involve design 7or at any rate :i* tak5 toge!r involve x71 und]lie progress 9 organic developm5t4 ,true1 he did n "k he 0 a teleologi/1 b he 0 none ! less a teleologi/ = ?is4 ,he 0 an unconsci\s teleologi/1 & z su* p]haps m absolutely an uphold] ( teleology ?an ,paley himself2 b ?is is nei!r "h nor !re2 our conc]n is n ) :at p ?9k ab\t !mselves1 b ) :at _! reason+ makes x evid5t t !y really hold4 ,h[ /range ! irony t hides u f ourselves6 ,:5 ,isidore ,ge(froy said t accord+ to ,lam>ck organisms design$ !mselves1 #bj;a & endors$ ?is1 z to a great ext5t he did1 he /ill does n appe> to h se5 t ei!r he or ,lam>ck 7 9 reality re9troduc+ design into organism2 he does n appe> to h se5 ?is m ?an ,lam>ck himself _h se5 x1 b1 on ! contr>y1 l ,lam>ck1 rema9$ "u ! impression t he 0 oppos+ teleology or purposiv5ess4 ,( c\rse 9 "o s5se he did oppose x2 s d we all1 if ! ^w design be tak5 to int5d a v f>-=esee+ ( m9ute details1 a rid+ out to meet tr\ble long be=e x comes1 a provision on academic pr9ciples = cont+5cies t are little likely to arise4 ,we c see no evid5ce ( any su* design z ?is 9 nature1 & mu* ev]y:]e t makes aga9/ x4 ,!re is no su* improvid5ce z ov] provid5ce1 & :atev] !ories we may =m ab\t ! orig9 & developm5t ( ! univ]se1 we may be sure t x is n ! "w ( "o :o is unable to und]/& h[ any?+ c possibly g "r unless he sees to x himself4 ,nature works dep>tm5tally & by way ( leav+ details to subord9ates4 ,b ?\gh ^? :o see nature ?us d inde$ d5y design ( ! presci5t-f-all-et]nity ord]1 !y 9 no way impugn a me?od :i* is f> m 9 accord ) all t we commonly ?9k ( z design4 ,a design :i* is z incr$ible z t a ewe %\ld give bir? to a lion becomes ( a piece ) all t we obs]ve mo/ frequ5tly if x be reg>d$ r z an aggregation ( _m small /eps ?an z a s+le l>ge "o4 ,?is pr9ciple is v simple1 b x seems r difficult to und]/&4 ,x has tak5 sev]al g5]ations be=e p w\ld admit x z reg>ds organism ev5 aft] x 0 po9t$ out to !m1 & ^? :o saw x z reg>ds organism /ill fail$ to und]/& x z reg>ds design2 an inexorable 8,?us f> %alt ?\ g & no f>!r0 b>r$ !m f fruition ( ! h>ve/ !y %\ld h be5 ! fir/ to reap4 ,! v m5 :o mo/ insi/$ t specific diff]5ce 0 ! accumulation ( diff]5ces s m9ute z to be (t5 h>dly1 if at all1 p]ceptible1 c\ld n see t ! /rik+ & baffl+ ph5om5a ( design 9 connection ) organism admitt$ ( exactly ! same solution z ! riddle ( organic developm5t1 & %\ld be se5 n z a result rea*$ p] saltum1 b z an accumulation ( small /eps or leaps 9 a giv5 direction4 ,x 0 z ?\gh ^? :o _h insi/$ on ! d]ivation ( all =ms ( ! /eam-eng9e f ! common kettle1 & :o saw t ?is /&s 9 mu* ! same relations to ! eng9es1 we w say1 ( ! ,great ,ea/]n /eam%ip z ! amba to man1 7 to decl>e t ! ,great ,ea/]n eng9es 7 n design$ at all1 on ! gr\nd t no "o 9 ! e>ly kettle days _h =ese5 s great a future developm5t1 & 7 unable to und]/& t a piecemeal solvitur ambul&o design is m omnipres5t1 all-see+1 & all-se>*+1 & h5ce m truly 9 ! /ricte/ s5se design1 ?an any speculative leap ( fancy1 h[ev] bold & ev5 at times successful4 ,f ,lam>ck ,i w5t on to ,buffon & ,erasmus ,d>w9--bett] m5 bo? ( !m ?an ,lam>ck1 & treat$ by him mu* z he has himself be5 treat$ by ^? :o h come aft] him--& f\nd t ! sy/em ( ^! ?ree writ]s1 if consid]$ rightly1 & if ! coroll>y t h]$ity is only a mode ( memory 7 add$1 w\ld get u out ( our dilemma z reg>ds desc5t & design1 & enable u to keep bo?4 ,we c\ld d ?is by mak+ ! design manife/$ 9 organism m l ! only design ( :i* we "k any?+1 & !re=e ! only design ( :i* we ought to speak--,i mean our own4 ,our own design is t5tative1 & nei!r v f>-=esee+ nor v retrospective2 x is a little ( bo?1 b mu* ( nei!r2 x is l a comet ) a little light 9 front ( ! nucleus & a good deal m beh9d x1 :i* ere long1 h[ev]1 fades away into ! d>kness2 x is ( a k9d t1 ?\gh a little wise be=e ! ev5t1 is apt to be mu* wis] aft] x1 & to pr(it ev5 by mis*ance s long z ! disa/] is n an ov]:elm+ "o2 nev]!less1 ?\gh x is s int]wov5 ) luck1 !re is no d\bt ab\t its be+ design2 :y1 !n1 %\ld ! design :i* mu/ h att5d$ organic developm5t be o!r ?an ?is8 ,if ! ?+ t has be5 is ! ?+ t also %all be1 mu/ n ! ?+ :i* is be t :i* also has be58 ,0 !re any?+ 9 ! ph5om5a ( organic life to militate aga9/ su* a view ( design z ?is8 ,n only 0 !re no?+1 b ?is view made ?+s pla91 z ! connect+ ( h]$ity & memory _h already done1 :i* till n[ _h be5 )\t explanation4 ,rudim5t>y organs 7 no long] a h9drance to our acceptance ( design1 !y became weighty argum5ts 9 its fav\r4 ,i !re=e wrote 8,evolution ,old & ,new10 ) ! object p>tly ( back+ up 8,life & ,habit10 & %[+ ! easy rid] x admitt$1 p>tly to %[ h[ sup]ior ! old view ( desc5t _h be5 to ,mr4 ,d>w9's1 & p>tly to re9troduce design into organism4 ,i wrote 8,life & ,habit0 to %[ t our m5tal & bodily acquisitions 7 ma9ly /ores ( memory3 ,i wrote 8,evolution ,old & ,new0 to add t ! memory mu/ be a m9dful & design+ memory4 ,i foll[$ up ^! two books ) 8,unconsci\s ,memory10 ! ma9 object ( :i* 0 to %[ h[ ,pr(essor ,h]+ ( ,prague _h treat$ ! connection betwe5 memory & h]$ity2 to %[1 aga91 h[ sub/antial 0 ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,von ,h>tmann & myself 9 spite ( "s little sup]ficial resemblance2 to put =w>d a sugge/ion z reg>ds ! physics ( memory1 & to meet ! mo/ plausible objection :i* ,i h yet se5 br\ght aga9/ 8,life & ,habit40 ,s9ce writ+ ^! ?ree books ,i h publi%$ no?+ on ! connection betwe5 h]$ity & memory1 except a few pages ( rem>ks on ,mr4 ,romanes' 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals0 9 my book1 #bc;a f :i* ,i w draw :atev] seems to be m prop]ly plac$ "h4 ,i h collect$ _m facts t make my case /rong]1 b am preclud$ f publi%+ !m by ! reflection t x is /rong en\gh already4 ,i h said en\gh 9 8,life & ,habit0 to satisfy any :o wi% to be satisfi$1 & ^? :o wi% to be dissatisfi$ w\ld probably fail to see ! =ce ( :at ,i said1 no matt] h[ long & s]i\sly ,i held =? to !m2 ,i believe1 !re=e1 t ,i %all d well to keep my facts = my own private read+ & = t ( my executors4 ,i once saw a copy ( 8,life & ,habit0 on ,mr4 ,bogue's c\nt]1 & 0 told by ! v oblig+ %opman t a cu/om] _h j writt5 some?+ 9 x :i* ,i might l to see4 ,i said ( c\rse ,i %\ld l to see1 & imm$iately tak+ ! book read ! foll[+--:i* x occurs to me t ,i am n ju/ifi$ 9 publi%+4 ,:at 0 writt5 ran ?us3-- 8,z a rem9d] ( our pleasant h\rs on ! broad ,atlantic1 w ,mr4 -- please accept ?is book 7:i* ,i ?9k conta9s m tru?1 & less evid5ce ( x1 ?an any o!r ,i h met )7 f 8 fri5d --80 ,i presume ! g5tleman _h met ) ! ,bible--a "w :i* lays itself op5 to a some:at simil> comm5t4 ,i 0 gratifi$1 h[ev]1 at :at ,i _h read1 & take ?is opportunity ( ?ank+ ! writ]1 an ,am]ican1 = hav+ lik$ my book4 ,x 0 s pla9 he _h be5 reliev$ at n f9d+ ! case smo!r$ to dea? 9 ! weight ( its own evid5ces1 t ,i resolv$ n to =get ! lesson 8 words _h taught me4 ,! only writ] 9 connection ) 8,life & ,habit0 to :om ,i am anxi\s to reply is ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 b be=e do+ ?is ,i w conclude ! pres5t *apt] ) a consid]ation ( "s g5]al compla9ts t h be5 s (t5 br\ght aga9/ me t x may be wor? :ile to notice !m4 ,^! g5]al criticisms h resolv$ !mselves ma9ly into two4 ,fir/ly1 x is said t ,i ought n to write ab\t biology on ! gr\nd ( my pa/ c>e]1 :i* my critics decl>e to h be5 purely lit]>y4 ,i wi% ,i might indulge a reasonable hope ( "o day becom+ a lit]>y man2 ! expression is n a good "o1 b !re is no o!r 9 su* common use1 & ?is mu/ excuse x2 if a man c be prop]ly call$ lit]>y1 he mu/ h acquir$ ! habit ( read+ accurately1 ?9k+ att5tively1 & express+ himself cle>ly4 ,he mu/ h endeav\r$ 9 all sorts ( ways to enl>ge ! range ( 8 sympa?ies s z to be able to put himself easily en rapport ) ^? :om he is /udy+1 & ^? :om he is address+4 ,if he _c speak ) tongues himself1 he is ! int]pret] ( ^? :o c--)\t :om !y might z well be sil5t4 ,i wi% ,i c\ld see m signs ( lit]>y culture among my sci5tific oppon5ts2 ,i %\ld f9d _! books mu* m easy & agreeable read+ if ,i c\ld2 & !n !y tell me to satirise ! follies & abuses ( ! age1 j z if x 0 n ?is t ,i 0 do+ 9 writ+ ab\t !mselves4 ,:at1 ,i wond]1 w\ld !y say if ,i 7 to decl>e t !y ought n to write books at all1 on ! gr\nd t _! pa/ c>e] has be5 too purely sci5tific to entitle !m to a he>+8 ,!y w\ld reply ) ju/ice t ,i %\ld n br+ vague g5]al condemnations1 b %\ld quote examples ( _! bad writ+4 ,i imag9e t ,i h done ?is m ?an once z reg>ds a good _m ( !m1 & ,i d>e say ,i may d x aga9 9 ! c\rse ( ?is book2 b ?\gh ,i mu/ own to ?9k+ t ! great] numb] ( our sci5tific m5 write abom9ably1 ,i %\ld n br+ ?is aga9/ !m if ,i believ$ !m to be do+ _! be/ to help u2 _m su* m5 we happily h1 & d\btless always %all h1 b !y are n ^? :o pu% to ! =e1 & x is ^! la/ :o are mo/ angry ) me = writ+ on ! subjects ,i h *os54 ,!y con/antly tell me t ,i am n a man ( sci5ce2 no "o kn[s ?is bett] ?an ,i d1 & ,i am q us$ to be+ told x1 b ,i am n us$ to be+ confront$ ) ! mi/akes t ,i h made 9 matt]s ( fact1 & tru/ t ?is exp]i5ce is "o :i* ,i may cont9ue to sp>e no pa9s 9 try+ to avoid4 ,nev]!less ,i aga9 freely grant t ,i am n a man ( sci5ce4 ,i h nev] said ,i 04 ,i 0 educat$ = ! ,*ur*4 ,i 0 once inside ! ,l9nean ,society's rooms1 b h no pres5t wi% to g !re aga92 ?\gh n a man ( sci5ce1 h[ev]1 ,i h nev] affect$ indiff]5ce to ! facts & argum5ts :i* m5 ( sci5ce h made x _! bus9ess to lay be=e u2 on ! contr>y1 ,i h giv5 ! great] "p ( my "t to _! consid]ation = sev]al ye>s pa/4 ,i %\ld n1 h[ev]1 say ?is unless l$ to d s by reg>d to ! int]e/s ( !ories :i* ,i believe to be z ne>ly important z any !ories c be :i* d n directly involve money or bodily conv5i5ce4 ,! second compla9t aga9/ me is to ! effect t ,i h made no orig9al exp]im5ts1 b h tak5 all my facts at second h&4 ,?is is true1 b ,i d n see :at x has to d ) ! "q4 ,if ! facts are s\nd1 h[ c x matt] :e!r ,a or ,b collect$ !m8 ,if ,pr(essor ,huxley1 = example1 has made a s]ies ( valuable orig9al obs]vations 7n t ,i "k ( 8 hav+ done s71 :y am ,i to make !m ov] aga98 ,:at are fact-collectors wor? if ! fact co-ord9ators may n rely ^u !m8 ,x seems to me t no "o ne$ d m ?an g to ! be/ s\rces = 8 facts1 & tell 8 read]s :]e he got !m4 ,if ,i _h _h occasion = m facts ,i d>esay ,i %\ld h tak5 ! necess>y /eps to get hold ( !m1 b !re 0 no difficulty on ?is score2 e text-book suppli$ me ) all1 & m ?an all1 ,i want$2 my compla9t 0 t ! facts :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 suppli$ w\ld n be> ! con/ruction he tri$ to put ^u !m2 ,i tri$1 !re=e1 to make !m be> ano!r :i* seem$ at once m s\nd & m commodi\s2 rightly or wrongly ,i set up z a build]1 n z a burn] ( bricks1 & ! compla9t s (t5 br\ght aga9/ me ( n hav+ made exp]im5ts is ab\t z reasonable z compla9t aga9/ an ar*itect on ! score ( 8 n hav+ qu>ri$ ) 8 own h&s a s+le "o ( ! /ones :i* he has us$ 9 build+4 ,let my oppon5ts %[ t ! facts :i* !y & ,i use 9 common are uns\nd1 or t ,i h misappli$ !m1 & ,i w gladly le>n my mi/ake1 b ?is has h>dly1 to my k1 be5 attempt$4 ,to me x seems t ! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 myself & "s ( my oppon5ts lies 9 ?is1 t ,i take my facts f !m ) ackn[l$gm5t1 & !y take _! !ories f me--)\t4 ,"o ^w m & ,i h done4 ,i %\ld l to say t ,i d n return to ! connection betwe5 memory & h]$ity "u ! impression t ,i %all d myself mu* good by do+ s4 ,my own %>e 9 ! matt] 0 v small4 ,! !ory t h]$ity is only a mode ( memory is n m9e1 b ,pr(essor ,h]+'s4 ,he wrote 9 #ahgj1 & ,i n till #ahgg4 ,i %\ld be only too glad if he w\ld take 8 !ory & foll[ x up himself2 assur$ly he c\ld d s mu* bett] ?an ,i c2 b ) ! exception ( 8 "o n l5g?y address publi%$ "s fifte5 or sixte5 ye>s ago he has said no?+ ^u ! subject1 s f> at lea/ z ,i h be5 able to asc]ta92 ,i tri$ h>d to draw him 9 #ahhj1 b c\ld get no?+ out ( him4 ,if1 aga91 any ( our m influ5tial writ]s1 n a few ( :om evid5tly ?9k on ?is matt] mu* z ,i d1 w\ld es*ew ambiguities & tell u :at !y mean 9 pla9 language1 ,i w\ld let ! matt] re/ 9 _! abl] h&s1 b ( ?is !re does n seem mu* *ance at pres5t4 ,i wi% !re 01 = 9 spite ( ! int]e/ ,i h felt 9 work+ ! !ory out & ! in=mation ,i h be5 able to collect :ile do+ s1 ,i mu/ confess t ,i h f\nd x some:at ( a :ite elephant4 ,x has got me into ! hotte/ ( hot wat]1 made a lit]>y ,i%mael ( me1 lo/ me fri5ds :om ,i h be5 sorry to lose1 co/ me a good deal ( money1 done ev]y?+ to me1 9 fact1 :i* a good !ory ought n to d4 ,/ill1 z x seems to h tak5 up ) me1 & no "o else is incl9$ to treat x fairly1 ,i %all cont9ue to report its developm5ts f "t to "t z long z life & heal? are sp>$ me4 ,moreov]1 ,i%maels are n )\t _! uses1 & !y are n a drug 9 ! m>ket j n[4 ,i may n[ g on to ,mr4 ,sp5c]4 ,*apt] ,,ii ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] ,,mr4 ,,h]b]t ,,sp5c] wrote to ! ,a!num 7,april #e1 #ahhd71 & quot$ c]ta9 passages f ! #ahee edition ( 8 8,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology10 8! mean+s & implications0 f :i* he cont5d$ 7 suffici5tly cle>4 ,! passages he quot$ 7 z foll[s3-- ,?\gh x is manife/ t reflex & in/9ctive sequ5ces are n det]m9$ by ! exp]i5ces ( ! individual organism manife/+ !m1 yet !re /ill rema9s ! hypo!sis t !y are det]m9$ by ! exp]i5ces ( ! race ( organisms =m+ its ance/ry1 :i* by inf9ite repetition 9 c\ntless successive g5]ations h e/abli%$ ^! sequ5ces z organic relations 7p4 #ebf74 ,! modifi$ n]v\s t5d5cies produc$ by su* new habits ( life are also bequea!d 7p4 #ebf74 ,t is to say1 ! t5d5cies to c]ta9 comb9ations ( psy*ical *anges h become organic 7p4 #ebg74 ,! doctr9e t ! connections among our ideas are det]m9$ by exp]i5ce mu/1 9 consi/5cy1 be ext5d$ n only to all ! connections e/abli%$ by ! accumulat$ exp]i5ces ( e individual1 b to all ^? e/abli%$ by ! accumulat$ exp]i5ces ( e race 7p4 #ebi74 ,"h1 !n1 we h "o ( ! simpl] =ms ( in/9ct :i*1 "u ! requisite conditions1 mu/ necess>ily be e/abli%$ by accumulat$ exp]i5ces 7p4 #edg74 ,& manife/ly1 if ! organisation ( inn] relations1 9 correspond5ce ) out] relations1 results f a cont9ual regi/ration ( exp]i5ces1 c4 7p4 #eea74 ,on ! "o h&1 ,in/9ct may be reg>d$ z a k9d ( organis$ memory2 on ! o!r h&1 ,memory may be reg>d$ z a k9d ( incipi5t in/9ct 7pp4 #eee-f74 ,memory1 !n1 p]ta9s to all t class ( psy*ical /ates :i* are 9 process ( be+ organis$4 ,x cont9ues s long z ! organis+ ( !m cont9ues2 & disappe>s :5 ! organisation ( !m is complete4 ,9 ! advance ( ! correspond5ce1 ea* m complex class ( ph5om5a :i* ! organism acquires ! p[] ( recognis+ is respond$ to at fir/ irregul>ly & unc]ta9ly2 & !re is !n a weak remembrance ( ! relations4 ,by multiplication ( exp]i5ces ?is remembrance becomes /rong]1 & ! response m c]ta94 ,by fur!r multiplication ( exp]i5ces ! int]nal relations are at la/ automatically organis$ 9 correspond5ce ) ! ext]nal ones2 & s consci\s memory passes into unconsci\s or organic memory4 ,at ! same "t1 a new & /ill m complex ord] ( exp]i5ces is ?us r5d]$ appreciable2 ! relations !y pres5t occupy ! memory 9 place ( ! simpl] "o2 !y become gradually organis$2 &1 l ! previ\s ones1 are succe$$ by o!rs m complex /ill 7p4 #efc74 ,j z we saw t ! e/abli%m5t ( ^? comp\nd reflex actions :i* we call in/9cts is compreh5sible on ! pr9ciple t inn] relations are1 by p]petual repetition1 organis$ into correspond5ce ) out] relations2 s ! e/abli%m5t ( ^? consolidat$1 ^? indissoluble1 ^? in/9ctive m5tal relations con/itut+ our ideas ( ,space & ,"t1 is compreh5sible on ! same pr9ciple 7p4 #egi74 ,9 a book publi%$ a few weeks be=e ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s lett] appe>$ #bi;a ,i _h said t ?\gh ,mr4 ,sp5c] at times closely approa*$ ,pr(essor ,h]+ & 8,life & ,habit10 he _h nev]!less n[h]e %[n t he consid]$ memory & h]$ity to be p>ts ( ! same /ory & p>cel ( "o ano!r4 ,9 8 lett] to ! ,a!num1 inde$1 he does n pr(ess to h upheld ?is view1 except 8by implications20 nor yet1 ?\gh 9 ! c\rse ( ! six or sev5 ye>s t _h elaps$ s9ce 8,life & ,habit0 0 publi%$ ,i _h br\ght out m ?an "o book to support my e>li] "o1 _h he said any?+ dur+ ^? ye>s to lead me to suppose t ,i 0 trespass+ ^u gr\nd already tak5 by himself4 ,nor1 aga91 _h he said any?+ :i* enabl$ me to appeal to 8 au?ority--:i* ,i %\ld h be5 only too glad to d2 at la/1 h[ev]1 he wrote1 z ,i h said1 to ! ,a!num a lett] :i*1 inde$1 made no express claim1 & n[h]e m5tion$ myself1 b 8! mean+s & implications0 f :i* 7 ?is "t z cle> z c\ld be desir$1 & am\nt to an ord] to ,pr(essor ,h]+ & myself to /& aside4 ,! "q is1 :e!r ! passages quot$ by ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 or any o!rs t c be f\nd 9 8 works1 %[ t he reg>d$ h]$ity 9 all its manife/ations z a mode ( memory4 ,i submit t ?is conception is n d]ivable f ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s writ+s1 & t ev5 ! passages 9 :i* he approa*es x mo/ closely are un9telligible till read by ! light ( ,pr(essor ,h]+'s address & ( 8,life & ,habit40 ,true1 ,mr4 ,sp5c] made abundant use ( su* expressions z 8! exp]i5ce ( ! race10 8accumulat$ exp]i5ces10 & o!rs l !m1 b he did n expla9--& x 0 "h ! difficulty lay--h[ a race c\ld h any exp]i5ce at all4 ,we "k :at we mean :5 we say t an individual has _h exp]i5ce2 we mean t he is ! same p]son n[ 79 ! common use ( ! words71 on ! occasion ( "s pres5t action1 z ! "o :o p]=m$ a l action at "s pa/ "t or times1 & t he rememb]s h[ he act$ be=e1 s z to be able to turn 8 pa/ action to acc\nt1 ga9+ 9 pr(ici5cy ?r\gh practice4 ,cont9u$ p]sonality & memory are ! elem5ts t con/itute exp]i5ce2 :]e ^! are pres5t !re may1 & commonly w1 be exp]i5ce2 :]e !y are abs5t ! ^w 8exp]i5ce0 _c prop]ly be us$4 ,=m]ly we us$ to see an individual z "o1 & a race z _m4 ,we n[ see t ?\gh ?is is true z f> z x goes1 x is by no means ! :ole tru?1 & t 9 c]ta9 important respects x is ! race t is "o1 & ! individual _m4 ,we all admit & und]/& ?is readily en\gh n[1 b x 0 n und]/ood :5 ,mr4 ,sp5c] wrote ! passages he adduc$ 9 ! lett] to ! ,a!num above ref]r$ to4 ,9 ! !n /ate ( our ideas a race 0 only a succession ( individuals1 ea* "o ( !m new p]sons1 & z su* incapable ( pr(it+ by ! exp]i5ce ( its pr$ecessors except 9 ! v limit$ numb] ( cases :]e oral tea*+1 or1 z 9 rec5t times1 writ+1 0 possible4 ,! ?read ( life 01 z ,i h else:]e said1 remorselessly %orn betwe5 ea* successive g5]ation1 & ! importance ( ! physical & psy*ical connection betwe5 p>5ts & (fspr+ _h be5 q1 or ne>ly q1 lo/ sight (4 ,x seems /range h[ ?is c\ld ev] h be5 all[$ to come ab\t1 b x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! ,*ur* 9 ! ,middle ,ages w\ld /rongly disc\rage attempts to emphasize a connection t w\ld raise tr\blesome que/ions z to :o 9 a future /ate 0 to be responsible = :at2 &1 aft] all1 = n9e purposes ( life out ( t5 ! g5]ally receiv$ op9ion t ea* p]son is himself & nobody else is on _m gr\nds ! mo/ conv5i5t4 ,e n[ & !n1 h[ev]1 !re comes a t5? purpose1 = :i* ! cont9u$ p]sonality side ( ! connection betwe5 successive g5]ations is z conv5i5t z ! new p]sonality side is = ! rema9+ n9e1 & ^! t5? purposes--"s ( :i* are n unimportant--are obscur$ & fulfill$ amiss ow+ to ! complet5ess ) :i* ! m commonly ne$$ conception has ov]gr[n ! o!r4 ,nei!r view is m true ?an ! o!r1 b ! "o 0 want$ e h\r & m9ute ( ! day1 & 0 !re=e kept1 s to speak1 9 /ock1 & 9 "o ( ! mo/ accessible places ( our m5tal /oreh\se1 :ile ! o!r 0 s seldom ask$ = t x became n wor? :ile to keep x4 ,by-&-by x 0 f\nd s tr\blesome to s5d out = x1 & s h>d to come by ev5 !n1 t p left (f sell+ x at all1 & if any "o want$ x he mu/ ?9k x out at home z be/ he c\ld2 ?is 0 tr\blesome1 s by common cons5t ! _w decid$ no long] to busy itself ) ! cont9u$ p]sonality ( successive g5]ations--:i* 0 all v well until x also decid$ to busy itself ) ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification4 ,on ! introduction ( a foe s inimical to _m ( our pre-exi/+ ideas ! balance ( p[] among !m 0 upset1 & a readju/m5t became necess>y1 :i* is /ill f> f hav+ atta9$ ! next settlem5t t seems likely to be reasonably p]man5t4 ,to *ange ! illu/ration1 ! ord9>y view is true = sev5 places ( decimals1 & ?is commonly is en\gh2 occasions1 h[ev]1 h n[ aris5 :5 ! error caus$ by neglect ( ! omitt$ places is appreciably di/urb+1 & we mu/ h ?ree or f\r m4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] %[$ no m signs ( see+ t he mu/ supply ^!1 & make p]sonal id5tity cont9ue betwe5 successive g5]ations be=e talk+ ab\t inh]it$ 7z oppos$ to po/-natal & educational7 exp]i5ce1 ?an o!rs _h done be=e him2 ! race ) him1 z ) e "o else till rec5tly1 0 n "o long individual liv+ inde$ 9 pulsations1 s to speak1 b no m los+ cont9u$ p]sonality by liv+ 9 successive g5]ations1 ?an an individual loses x by liv+ 9 consecutive days2 a race 0 simply a succession ( individuals1 ea* "o ( :i* 0 held to be an entirely new p]son1 & 0 reg>d$ exclusively1 or v ne>ly s1 f ?is po9t ( view4 ,:5 ,i wrote 8,life & ,habit0 ,i knew t ! words 8exp]i5ce ( ! race0 s\nd$ famili>1 & 7 go+ ab\t 9 magaz9es & newspap]s1 b ,i did n "k :]e !y came f2 if ,i _h1 ,i %\ld h giv5 _! s\rce4 ,to me !y convey$ no mean+1 & vex$ me z an attempt to make me take /ones in/ead ( bread1 & to palm (f an illu/ration ^u me z ?\gh x 7 an explanation4 ,:5 ,i _h work$ ! matt] out 9 my own way1 ,i saw t ! illu/ration1 ) c]ta9 additions1 w\ld become an explanation1 b ,i saw also t nei!r he :o _h adduc$ x nor any "o else c\ld h se5 h[ "r he 01 till mu* _h be5 said :i* _h n1 s f> z ,i knew1 be5 said yet1 & :i* und\bt$ly w\ld h be5 said if p _h se5 _! way to say+ x4 8,:at is ?is talk10 ,i wrote1 8:i* is made ab\t ! exp]i5ce ( ! race1 z ?\gh ! exp]i5ce ( "o man c\ld pr(it ano!r :o kn[s no?+ ab\t him8 ,if a man eats 8 d9n] x n\ri%es him & n 8 neighb\r2 if he le>ns a difficult art x is he t c d x & n 8 neighb\r0 78,life & ,habit10 p4 #di74 ,:5 ,i wrote ?us 9 #ahgg1 x 0 n g5]ally se5 t ?\gh ! fa!r is n n\ri%$ by ! d9n]s t ! son eats1 yet ! son 0 f$ :5 ! fa!r ate be=e he begot him4 8,is !re any way10 ,i cont9u$1 8( %[+ t ?is exp]i5ce ( ! race ab\t :i* s mu* is said )\t ! lea/ attempt to %[ 9 :at way x may1 or does1 become ! exp]i5ce ( ! individual1 is 9 sob] s]i\sness ! exp]i5ce ( "o s+le be+ only1 :o repeats on a great _m diff]5t occasions1 & 9 slightly diff]5t ways1 c]ta9 p]=mances ) :i* he has already become exce$+ly famili>80 ,i felt1 z e "o else mu/ h felt :o reflect$ ^u ! expression 9 "q1 t x 0 fallaci\s till ?is 0 done4 ,:5 ,i fir/ began to write 8,life & ,habit0 ,i did n believe x c\ld be done1 b :5 ,i _h gone "r up to ! end1 z x 71 ( my cu de sac1 ,i saw ! pa? :i* l$ /raight to ! po9t ,i _h despair$ ( rea*+--,i mean ,i saw t p]sonality c\ld n be brok5 z betwe5 g5]ations1 )\t also break+ x betwe5 ! ye>s1 days1 & mom5ts ( a man's life4 ,:at diff]5tiates 8,life & ,habit0 f ! 8,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology0 is ! prom95ce giv5 to cont9u$ p]sonal id5tity1 & h5ce to bon fide memory1 z betwe5 successive g5]ations2 b surely ?is makes ! two books diff] widely4 ,ideas c be *ang$ to almo/ any ext5t 9 almo/ any direction1 if ! *ange is br\ght ab\t gradually & 9 accordance ) ! rules ( all developm5t4 ,z 9 music we may take almo/ any possible discord ) pleas+ effect if we h prep>$ & resolv$ x rightly1 s our ideas w outlive & outgr[ almo/ any modification :i* is approa*$ & quitt$ 9 su* a way z to fuse ! old & new h>moni\sly4 ,words are to ideas :at ! fairy invisible cloak 0 to ! pr9ce :o wore x--only t ! pr9ce 0 se5 till he put on ! cloak1 :]eas ideas are unse5 until !y don ! robe ( words :i* reveals !m to u2 ! words1 h[ev]1 & ! ideas1 %\ld be su* z fit ea* o!r & /ick to "o ano!r 9 our m9ds z soon z !y are br\ght toge!r1 or ! ideas w fly (f1 & leave ! words void ( t _s by ! aid ( :i* alone !y c become transmut$ into physical action & %ape mat]ial ?+s ) _! own impress4 ,:e!r a discord is too viol5t or no1 dep5ds on :at we h be5 accu/om$ to1 & on h[ widely ! new diff]s f ! old1 b 9 no case c we fuse & assimilate m ?an a v little new at a "t )\t exhau/+ our temp]+ p[]--& h5ce pres5tly our temp]4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] appe>s to h =gott5 t ?\gh de m9imis non curat lex1--?\gh all ! laws fail :5 appli$ to trifles1--yet too sudd5 a *ange 9 ! mann] 9 :i* our ideas are associat$ is z cataclysmic & subv]sive ( heal?y evolution z are mat]ial convulsions1 or too viol5t revolutions 9 politics4 ,?is mu/ always be ! case1 = *ange is ess5tially miracul\s1 & ! only lawful home ( ! miracle is 9 ! microscopically small4 ,"h1 inde$1 miracles 7 9 ! beg9n+1 are n[1 & ev] %all be1 b we are dead5$ if !y are requir$ ( u on a scale :i* is visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,if we are told to "w !m our h&s fall n]veless d[n2 if1 come :at may1 we mu/ d or die1 we are m likely to die ?an to succe$ 9 do+4 ,if we are requir$ to believe !m--:i* only means to fuse !m ) our o!r ideas--we ei!r take ! law into our own h&s1 & our m9ds be+ 9 ! d>k fuse some?+ easi] ( assimilation1 & say we h fus$ ! miracle2 or if we play m fairly & insi/ on our m9ds swall[+ & assimilat+ x1 we weak5 our judgm5ts1 & pro tanto kill our s\ls4 ,if we /ick out beyond a c]ta9 po9t we g mad1 z fanatics1 or at ! be/ make ,col]idges ( ourselves2 & yet ^u a small scale ^! same miracles are ! brea? & ess5ce ( life2 to cease to "w !m is to die4 ,& by miracle ,i d n m]ely mean some?+ new1 /range1 & n v easy ( compreh5sion--,i mean some?+ :i* violates e canon ( ?\ght :i* 9 ! palpable _w we are accu/om$ to respect2 some?+ z ali5 to1 & inconceivable by1 u z contradiction 9 t]ms1 ! de/ructibility ( =ce or matt]1 or ! creation ( some?+ out ( no?+4 ,?is1 :i* :5 writ l>ge madd5s & kills1 writ small is our meat & dr9k2 x att5ds ea* m9ute/ & mo/ impalpable detail ( ! ceaseless fusion & diffusion 9 :i* *ange appe>s to u z consi/+1 & :i* we recognise z gr[? & decay1 or z life & dea?4 ,claude ,b]n>d says1 ,ri5 ne nait1 ri5 ne se cre1 t\t se cont9ue4 ,la nature ne n\s (fre le spectacle d'aucune cration1 elle e/ d'une t]nelle cont9uation2 #ce;a b surely he is insi/+ ^u "o side ( ! tru? only1 to ! neglect ( ano!r :i* is j z real1 & j z important2 he might h said1 ,ri5 ne se cont9ue1 t\t nait1 t\t se cre4 ,la nature ne n\s (fre le spectacle d'aucune cont9uation4 ,elle e/ d'une t]nelle cration2 = *ange is no less pat5t a fact ?an cont9uity1 &1 inde$1 ! two /& or fall toge!r4 ,true1 discont9uity1 :]e developm5t is normal1 is on a v small scale1 b ?is is only ! diff]5ce betwe5 look+ at di/ances on a small in/ead ( a l>ge map2 we _c h ev5 ! smalle/ *ange )\t a small p>tial correspond+ discont9uity2 on a small scale--too small1 inde$1 = u to cognise--^! breaks 9 cont9uity1 ea* "o ( :i* mu/1 s f> z our und]/&+ goes1 rank z a creation1 are z ess5tial a factor ( ! ph5om5a we see ar\nd u1 z is ! o!r factor t !y %all normally be on too small a scale = u to f9d x out4 ,creations1 !n1 !re mu/ be1 b !y mu/ be s small t practically !y are no creations4 ,we mu/ h a cont9uity 9 discont9uity1 & a discont9uity 9 cont9uity2 t is to say1 we c only conceive ! help ( *ange at all by ! help ( flat contradiction 9 t]ms4 ,x comes1 !re=e1 to ?is1 t if we are to ?9k flu5tly & h>moni\sly ^u any subject into :i* *ange ent]s 7& !re is no conceivable subject into :i* x does n71 we mu/ beg9 by fly+ 9 ! face ( e rule t pr(essors ( ! art ( ?9k+ h drawn up = our in/ruction4 ,^! rules may be good en\gh z s]vants1 b we h let !m become ! wor/ ( ma/]s1 =gett+ t philosophy is made = man1 n man = philosophy4 ,logic has be5 ! true ,t[] ( ,babel1 :i* we h ?\ght to build s t we might climb up into ! heav5s1 & h no m miracle1 b see ,god & live--nor has confusion ( tongues fail$ to foll[ on our presumption4 ,truly ,/4 ,paul said well t ! j %all live by fai?2 & ! "q 8,by :at fai?80 is a detail ( m9or mom5t1 = !re are z _m fai?s z species1 :e!r ( plants or animals1 & ea* ( !m is 9 its own way bo? liv+ & sav+4 ,all1 !n1 :e!r fusion or diffusion1 :e!r ( ideas or ?+s1 is miracul\s4 ,x is ! two 9 "o1 & at ! same "t "o 9 two1 :i* is only two & two mak+ five put be=e u 9 ano!r %ape2 yet ?is fusion--s easy to ?9k s long z x is n ?\ght ab\t1 & s un?9kable if we try to ?9k x--is1 z x 71 ! matrix f :i* our m ?9kable ?\ght is tak52 x is ! cl\d ga!r+ 9 ! unse5 _w f :i* ! wat]s ( life desc5d 9 an impalpable dew4 ,grant$ t all1 :e!r fusion or diffusion1 :e!r ( ideas or ?+s1 is1 if we dwell ^u x & take x s]i\sly1 an outrage ^u our und]/&+s :i* common s5se alone enables u to brook2 grant$ t x c>ries ) x a di/9ctly miracul\s elem5t :i* %\ld vitiate ! :ole process ab initio1 /ill1 if we h fai? we c s "w ^! miracles z ,orpheus-l to *>m d5iz5s ( ! unse5 _w into ! se5 aga9--provid$ we d n look back1 & provid$ also we d n try to *>m half a doz5 ,eurydices at a "t4 ,to ?9k is to fuse & diffuse ideas1 & to fuse & diffuse ideas is to fe$4 ,we c all fe$1 & by consequ5ce )9 reasonable limits we c fuse ideas2 or we c fuse ideas1 & by consequ5ce )9 reasonable limits we c fe$2 we "k n :i* comes fir/1 ! food or ! ideas1 b we mu/ n ov]tax our /r5g?2 ! mom5t we d ?is we ta/e ( dea?4 ,x is 9 ! close/ connection ) ?is t we mu/ *ew our food f9e be=e we c dige/ x1 & t ! same food giv5 9 l>ge lumps w *oke & kill :i* 9 small pieces fe$s u2 or1 aga91 t t :i* is impot5t z a pellet may be pot5t z a gas4 ,food is v ?\ghtful3 ?r\gh ?\ght x comes1 & back ?r\gh ?\ght x %all return2 ! process ( its conv]sion & compreh5sion )9 our own sy/em is m5tal z well z physical1 & "h1 z ev]y:]e else ) m9d & evolution1 !re mu/ be a cross1 b n too wide a cross--t is to say1 !re mu/ be a miracle1 b n ^u a l>ge scale4 ,grant$ t no "o c draw a cle> l9e & def9e ! limits )9 :i* a miracle is heal?y work+ & beyond :i* x is un:olesome1 any m ?an he c prescribe ! exact degree ( f95ess to :i* we mu/ comm9ute our food2 grant$1 aga91 t "s c d m ?an o!rs1 & t at all times all m5 sport1 s to speak1 & surpass !mselves1 /ill we "k z a g5]al rule ne> en\gh1 & f9d t ! /ronge/ c d b v little at a "t1 &1 to return to ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 ! fusion ( two su* hi!rto unassociat$ ideas z race & exp]i5ce 0 a miracle beyond our /r5g?4 ,assur$ly :5 ,mr4 ,sp5c] wrote ! passages he quot$ 9 ! lett] to ! ,a!num above ref]r$ to1 we 7 n 9 ! habit ( ?9k+ ( any "o z able to rememb] ?+s t _h happ5$ be=e he _h be5 born or ?\ght (4 ,?is notion w /ill /rike _m ( my non-read]s z h>% & /ra9$2 no su* discord1 !re=e1 %\ld h be5 tak5 unprep>$1 & :5 tak5 x %\ld h be5 resolv$ ) pomp & circum/ance4 ,mr ,sp5c]1 h[ev]1 ?\gh he took x cont9ually1 nev] ei!r prep>$ x or resolv$ x at all1 b by us+ ! words 8exp]i5ce ( ! race0 sprang ?is seem+ p>adox ^u u1 ) ! result t 8 words 7 b>r54 ,!y 7 b>r5 because !y 7 incoh]5t2 !y 7 incoh]5t because !y 7 approa*$ & quitt$ too sudd5ly4 ,:ile we 7 realis+ 8exp]i5ce0 our m9ds exclud$ 8race10 inasmu* z exp]i5ce 0 an idea we _h be5 accu/om$ hi!rto to connect only ) ! individual2 :ile realis+ ! idea 8race10 = ! same reason1 we z a matt] ( c\rse exclud$ exp]i5ce4 ,we 7 requir$ to fuse two ideas t 7 ali5 to "o ano!r1 )\t hav+ _h ^? o!r ideas pres5t$ to u :i* w\ld alone flux !m4 ,! abs5ce ( ^!--:i* inde$ 7 n imm$iately ready to h&1 or ,mr4 ,sp5c] w\ld h d\btless grasp$ !m--made nons5se ( ! :ole ?+2 we saw ! ideas propp$ up z two c>ds "o aga9/ ! o!r1 on "o ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s pages1 only to f9d t !y _h fall5 asund] be=e we _h turn$ ov] to ! next1 s we put d[n 8 book res5tfully1 z writt5 by "o :o did n "k :at to d ) 8 mean+ ev5 if he _h "o1 or bore x meekly :ile he *a/is$ u ) scorpions1 z ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h done ) :ips1 accord+ to our temp]am5ts4 ,i may say1 9 pass+1 t ! b>r5ness ( incoh]5t ideas1 & ! /]ility ( widely di/ant species & g5]a ( animals & plants1 are "o 9 pr9ciple--! /]ility ( hybrids be+ j z mu* due to inability to fuse widely unlike & unfamili> ideas into a coh]5t :ole1 z b>r5ness ( ideas is1 &1 inde$1 resolv+ itself ultimately into nei!r m nor less ?an b>r5ness ( ideas--t is to say1 into inability to ?9k at all1 or at any rate to ?9k z _! neighb\rs d4 ,if ,mr4 ,sp5c] _h made x cle> t ! g5]ations ( any race are bon fide unit$ by a common p]sonality1 & t 9 virtue ( be+ s unit$ ea* g5]ation rememb]s 7)91 ( c\rse1 ! limits to :i* all memory is subject7 :at happ5$ to x :ile /ill 9 ! p]sons ( its prog5itors--!n 8 ord] to ,pr(essor ,h]+ & myself %\ld be imm$iately obey$2 b ?is 0 j :at 0 at once mo/ want$1 & lea/ done by ,mr4 ,sp5c]4 ,ev5 9 ! passages giv5 above--passages collect$ by ,mr4 ,sp5c] himself--?is po9t is altoge!r ignor$2 make x cle> z ,pr(essor ,h]+ made x--put cont9u$ p]sonality & memory 9 ! =egr\nd z ,pr(essor ,h]+ did1 in/ead ( leav+ !m to be discov]$ 8by implications10 & !n su* expressions z 8accumulat$ exp]i5ces0 & 8exp]i5ce ( ! race0 become lum9\s2 till ?is _h be5 done !y 7 ,vox et prt]ea nihil4 ,to sum up briefly4 ,! passages quot$ by ,mr4 ,sp5c] f 8 8,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology0 c h>dly be call$ cle>1 ev5 n[ t ,pr(essor ,h]+ & o!rs h ?r[n light ^u !m4 ,if1 inde$1 !y _h be5 cle> ,mr4 ,sp5c] w\ld probably h se5 :at !y necesitat$1 & f\nd ! way ( meet+ ! difficulties ( ! case :i* occurr$ to ,pr(essor ,h]+ & myself4 ,till we wrote1 v few writ]s _h ev5 sugge/$ ?is4 ,! idea t (fspr+ 0 only 8an elongation or bran* proce$+ f its p>5ts0 _h sc9tillat$ 9 ! +5i\s bra9 ( ,dr4 ,erasmus ,d>w91 & 9 t ( ! design] ( ,jesse tree w9d[s1 b x _h k9dl$ no fire2 x n[ turns out t ,canon ,k+sley _h once call$ in/9ct inh]it$ memory1 #dj;a b ! idea1 if born alive at all1 di$ on ! page on :i* x saw light3 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 aga9 call$ att5tion to ,pr(essor ,h]+'s address 7,nature1 ,july #ac1 #ahgf71 b no discussion foll[$1 & ! matt] dropp$ )\t hav+ produc$ visible effect4 ,z = (fspr+ rememb]+ 9 any legitimate s5se ( ! words :at x _h done1 & :at _h happ5$ to x1 be=e x 0 born1 no su* notion 0 und]/ood to h be5 gravely moot$ till v rec5tly4 ,i d\bt :e!r ,mr4 ,sp5c] & ,mr4 ,romanes w\ld accept ?is ev5 n[1 :5 x is put ?us undisguis$ly2 b ?is is :at ,pr(essor ,h]+ & ,i mean1 & x is ! only ?+ t %\ld be meant1 by ^? :o speak ( in/9ct z inh]it$ memory4 ,mr ,sp5c] _c ma9ta9 t ^! two />tl+ novelties w5t )\t say+ 8by implication0 f ! use ( su* expressions z 8accumulat$ exp]i5ces0 or 8exp]i5ce ( ! race40 ,*apt] ,,iii ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 7cont9u$7 ,,:e!r !y ought to h gone or n1 !y did n g4 ,:5 8,life & ,habit0 0 fir/ publi%$ no "o consid]$ ,mr4 ,sp5c] to be ma9ta9+ ! ph5om5a ( h]$ity to be 9 reality ph5om5a ( memory4 ,:51 = example1 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] fir/ call$ att5tion to ,pr(essor ,h]+'s address1 he did n und]/& ,mr4 ,sp5c] to be int5d+ ?is4 8,pr(essor ,h]+10 he wrote 7,nature1 ,july #ac1 #ahgf71 8helps u to a compreh5sive view ( ! nature ( h]$ity & adaptation1 by giv+ u ! ^w #8memory1' consci\s or unconsci\s1 = ! cont9uity ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s pol> =ces or pol>ities ( physiological units40 ,he evid5tly f\nd ! prom95ce giv5 to memory a help to him :i* he _h n d]iv$ f read+ ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s works4 ,:51 aga91 he attack$ me 9 ! ,a!num 7,m>* #bi1 #ahhd71 he spoke ( my 8t>dy recognition0 ( ! fact t ,pr(essor ,h]+ _h prec$$ me 89 treat+ all manife/ations ( h]$ity z a =m ( memory40 ,pr(essor ,lanke/]'s words c\ld h no =ce if he held t any o!r writ]1 & mu* less s well kn[n a writ] z ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 _h prec$$ me 9 putt+ =w>d ! !ory 9 "q4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,romanes review$ 8,unconsci\s ,memory0 9 ,nature 7,janu>y #bg1 #ahha7 ! notion ( a 8race-memory10 to use 8 own words1 0 /ill s new to him t he decl>$ x 8simply absurd0 to suppose t x c\ld 8possibly be fraught ) any b5efit to sci5ce10 & ) him too x 0 ,pr(essor ,h]+ :o _h anticipat$ me 9 ! matt]1 n ,mr4 ,sp5c]4 ,9 8 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals0 7p4 #bif7 he said t ,canon ,k+sley1 writ+ 9 #ahfg1 0 ! fir/ to advance ! !ory t in/9ct is inh]it$ memory2 he c\ld n h said ?is if ,mr4 ,sp5c] _h be5 und]/ood to h be5 uphold+ ?is view = ! la/ ?irty ye>s4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace review$ 8,life & ,habit0 9 ,nature 7,m>* #bg1 #ahgi71 b he did n f9d ! l9e ,i _h tak5 a famili> "o1 z he surely mu/ h done if x _h foll[$ easily by implication f ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s works4 ,he call$ x 8an +5i\s & p>adoxical explanation0 :i* 0 evid5tly new to him4 ,he conclud$ by say+ t 8x might yet af=d a clue to "s ( ! deepe/ my/]ies ( ! organic _w40 ,pr(essor ,miv>t1 :5 he review$ my books on ,evolution 9 ! ,am]ican ,ca?olic ,qu>t]ly ,review 7,july #ahha71 said1 8,mr ,butl] is n only p]fectly logical & consi/5t 9 ! />tl+ consequ5ces he d$uces f 8 pr9ciples1 b10 c4 ,pr(essor ,miv>t c\ld n h f\nd my consequ5ces />tl+ if !y _h already be5 insi/$ ^u = _m ye>s by "o ( ! be/-kn[n writ]s ( ! day4 ,! review] ( 8,evolution ,old & ,new0 9 ! ,saturday ,review 7,m>* #ca1 #ahgi71 ( :om all ,i c v5ture to say is t he or %e is a p]son ^: "n c>ries weight 9 matt]s connect$ ) biology1 ?\gh he 7= brevity7 0 9 ! hum\r = see+ ev]y?+ objectionable 9 me t c\ld be se51 /ill saw no ,mr4 ,sp5c] 9 me4 ,he said--8,mr ,butl]'s own p>ticul> contribution to ! t]m9ology ( ,evolution is ! phrase two or ?ree times repeat$ ) "s emphasis0 7,i repeat$ x n two or ?ree times only1 b :5ev] & :]ev] ,i c\ld v5ture to d s )\t we>y+ ! read] beyond endurance7 8on5ess ( p]sonality betwe5 p>5ts & (fspr+40 ,! writ] proce$$ to reprobate ?is 9 language ^u :i* a ,huxley c\ld h>dly improve1 b z he decl>es himself unable to discov] :at x means1 x may be presum$ t ! idea ( cont9u$ p]sonality betwe5 successive g5]ations 0 new to him4 ,:5 ,dr4 ,francis ,d>w9 call$ on me a day or two be=e 8,life & ,habit0 w5t to ! press1 he said ! !ory :i* _h pleas$ him m ?an any he _h se5 = "s "t 0 "o :i* ref]r$ all life to memory2 #dd;a he d\btless int5d$ 8:i* ref]r$ all ! ph5om5a ( h]$ity to memory40 ,he !n m5tion$ ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]'s article 9 ,nature1 ( :i* ,i _h n he>d1 b he said no?+ ab\t ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 & spoke ( ! idea z "o :i* _h be5 q new to him4 ,! above names comprise 7exclud+ ,mr4 ,sp5c] himself7 p]haps ^? ( ! be/-kn[n writ]s on evolution t c be m5tion$ z n[ be=e ! public2 x is curi\s t ,mr ,sp5c] %\ld be ! only "o ( !m to see any sub/antial resemblance betwe5 ! 8,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology0 & ,pr(essor ,h]+'s address & 8,life & ,habit40 ,i ought1 p]haps1 to say t ,mr4 ,romanes1 writ+ to ! ,a!num 7,m>* #h1 #ahhd71 took a diff]5t view ( ! value ( ! !ory ( inh]it$ memory to ! "o he took 9 #ahha4 ,9 #ahha he said x 0 8simply absurd0 to suppose x c\ld 8possibly be fraught ) any b5efit to sci5ce0 or 8reveal any tru? ( pr(\nd significance20 9 #ahhd he said ( ! same !ory1 t 8x =m$ ! backbone ( all ! previ\s lit]ature ^u in/9ct0 by ,d>w91 ,sp5c]1 ,lewes1 ,fiske1 & ,spald+1 8n to m5tion _! num]\s foll[]s1 & is by all ( !m elaborately /at$ z cle>ly z any !ory c be /at$ 9 words40 ,few except ,mr4 ,romanes w say ?is4 ,i grant x ought to 8h =m$ ! backbone10 c41 & ought 8to h be5 elaborately /at$10 c41 b :5 ,i wrote 8,life & ,habit0 nei!r ,mr ,romanes nor any "o else und]/ood x to h be5 ev5 glanc$ at by m ?an a v few1 & z = hav+ be5 8elaborately /at$10 x _h be5 /at$ by ,pr(essor ,h]+ z elaborately z x c\ld be /at$ )9 ! limits ( an address ( only tw5ty-two pages1 b ) ?is exception x _h nev] be5 /at$ at all4 ,x is n too mu* to say t 8,life & ,habit10 :5 x fir/ came out1 0 consid]$ s />tl+ a p>adox t p w\ld n believe 9 my desire to be tak5 s]i\sly1 or at any rate 7 able to pret5d t !y ?\ght ,i 0 n writ+ s]i\sly4 ,mr4 ,romanes kn[s ?is j z well z all mu/ d :o keep an eye on evolution2 he himself1 inde$1 _h said 7,nature1 ,janu>y #bg1 #ahha7 t s long z ,i 8aim$ only at ent]ta9+0 my 8read]s by su* works z #8,ere:on' & #8,life & ,habit'0 7z ?\gh ^! books 7 ( k9dr$ "*7 ,i 0 9 my prop] sph]e4 ,x w\ld be do+ too little cr$it to ,mr4 ,romanes' intellig5ce to suppose him n to h kn[n :5 he said ?is t 8,life & ,habit0 0 writt5 z s]i\sly z my subsequ5t books on evolution1 b x suit$ him at ! mom5t to jo9 ^? :o pr(ess$ to consid] x ano!r book ( p>adoxes su* z1 ,i suppose1 8,ere:on0 _h be51 s he class$ ! two toge!r4 ,he c\ld n h done ?is unless en\gh p ?\ght1 or said !y ?\ght1 ! books ak91 to give col\r to 8 do+ s4 ,"o alone ( all my review]s has1 to my k1 br\ght ,mr4 ,sp5c] aga9/ me4 ,?is 0 a writ] 9 ! ,/4 ,james's ,gazette 7,decemb] #b1 #ahhj74 ,i *all5g$ him 9 a lett] :i* appe>$ 7,decemb] #h1 #ahhj71 & said1 8,i w\ld ask y\r review] to be k9d en\gh to ref] y\r read]s to ^? passages ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s 8,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology0 :i* 9 any direct intelligible way ref] ! ph5om5a ( in/9ct & h]$ity g5]ally1 to memory on ! "p ( (fspr+ ( ! action x bon fide took 9 ! p]sons ( its =efa!rs40 ,! review] made no reply1 & ,i conclud$1 z ,i h s9ce f\nd correctly1 t he c\ld n f9d ! passages4 ,true1 9 8 8,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology0 7vol4 ii4 p4 #aie7 ,mr4 ,sp5c] says t we h only to exp& ! doctr9e t all intellig5ce is acquir$ ?r\gh exp]i5ce 8s z to make x include ) ! exp]i5ce ( ea* individual ! exp]i5ces ( all ance/ral individuals10 c4 ,?is is all v good1 b x is mu* ! same z say+1 8,we h only got to /& on our heads & we %all be able to d s & s40 ,we did n see our way to /&+ on our heads1 & ,mr4 ,sp5c] did n help u2 we _h be5 accu/om$1 z ,i am afraid ,i mu/ h said usque ad nauseam already1 to lose sight ( ! physical connection exi/+ betwe5 p>5ts & (fspr+2 we und]/ood f ! m>riage s]vice t husb& & wife 7 9 a s5se "o fle%1 b n t p>5ts & *ildr5 7 s also2 & )\t ?is conception ( ! matt]1 :i* 9 its way is j z true z ! m commonly receiv$ "o1 we c\ld n ext5d ! exp]i5ce ( p>5ts to (fspr+4 ,x 0 n 9 ! bond or nexus ( our ideas to consid] exp]i5ce z app]ta9+ to m ?an a s+le individual 9 ! common acceptance ( ! t]m2 ^! two ideas 7 s closely b\nd toge!r t :]ev] ! "o w5t ! o!r w5t p]=ce4 ,"h1 inde$1 9 ! v passage ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s j ref]r$ to1 ! race is ?r\gh\t reg>d$ z 8a s]ies ( individuals0--)\t an attempt to call att5tion to t o!r view1 9 virtue ( :i* we are able to ext5d to _m an idea we _h be5 accu/om$ to conf9e to "o4 ,9 8 *apt] on ,memory1 ,mr4 ,sp5c] c]ta9ly approa*es ! ,h]+ian view4 ,he says1 8,on ! "o h&1 ,in/9ct may be reg>d$ z a k9d ( organis$ memory2 on ! o!r1 ,memory may be reg>d$ z a k9d ( incipi5t in/9ct0 78,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology10 ed4 #b1 vol4 i4 p4 #dde74 ,"h ! ball has fall5 into 8 h&s1 b if he _h got firm hold ( x he c\ld n h writt51 8,in/9ct may be reg>d$ z a k9d (1 c420 to u !re is nei!r 8may be reg>d$ z0 nor 8k9d (0 ab\t x2 we require1 8,in/9ct is inh]it$ memory10 ) an explanation mak+ x intelligible h[ memory c come to be inh]it$ at all4 ,i d n l1 aga91 call+ memory 8a k9d ( incipi5t in/9ct20 z ,mr4 ,sp5c] puts !m ! words h a pleasant anti!sis1 b 8in/9ct is inh]it$ memory0 cov]s all ! gr\nd1 & to say t memory is inh]it$ in/9ct is surplusage4 ,nor does he /ick to x long :5 he says t 8in/9ct is a k9d ( organis$ memory10 = two pages lat] he says t memory1 to be memory at all1 mu/ be tol]ably consci\s or delib]ate2 he1 !re=e 7vol4 i4 p4 #ddg71 d5ies t !re c be su* a ?+ z unconsci\s memory2 b )\t ?is x is impossible = u to see in/9ct z ! 8k9d ( organis$ memory0 :i* he has j be5 call+ x1 inasmu* z in/9ct is notably undelib]ate & unreflect+4 ,a few pages f>!r on 7vol4 i4 p4 #deb7 he f9ds himself driv5 to unconsci\s memory aft] all1 & says t 8consci\s memory passes into unconsci\s or organic memory40 ,hav+ admitt$ unconsci\s memory1 he decl>es 7vol4 i4 p4 #dej7 t 8z fa/ z ^? connections among psy*ical /ates1 :i* we =m 9 memory1 gr[ by con/ant repetition automatic--!y cease to be "p ( memory10 or1 9 o!r words1 he aga9 d5ies t !re c be an unconsci\s memory4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] d\btless saw t he 0 involv$ 9 contradiction 9 t]ms1 & hav+ always und]/ood t contradictions 9 t]ms 7 v dreadful ?+s--:i*1 ( c\rse1 "u "s circum/ances !y are--?\ght x well s to express himself t 8 read]s %\ld be m likely to pu% on ?an dwell on :at 0 be=e !m at ! mom5t4 ,i %\ld be ! la/ to compla9 ( him m]ely on ! gr\nd t he c\ld n escape contradiction 9 t]ms3 :o c8 ,:5 facts conflict1 contradict "o ano!r1 melt into "o ano!r z ! col\rs ( ! spectrum s ins5sibly t none c say :]e "o beg9s & ! o!r ends1 contradictions 9 t]ms become fir/ fruits ( ?\ght & spee*4 ,!y are ! basis ( intellectual consci\sness1 9 ! same way t a physical ob/acle is ! basis ( physical s5sation4 ,no opposition1 no s5sation1 applies z mu* to ! psy*ical z to ! physical k+dom1 z soon z ^! two h got well above ! horizon ( our ?\ghts & c be se5 z two4 ,no contradiction1 no consci\sness2 no cross1 no cr[n2 contradictions are ! v small deadlocks )\t :i* !re is no go+2 go+ is our s5se ( a succession ( small imp$im5ts or deadlocks2 x is a succession ( cutt+ ,gordian knots1 :i* on a small scale please or pa9 z ! case may be2 on a l>g]1 give an ec/asy ( pleasure1 or %ock to ! extreme ( endurance2 & on a /ill l>g]1 kill :e!r !y be on ! "r side or ! wrong4 ,nature1 z ,i said 9 8,life & ,habit10 hates t any pr9ciple %\ld bre$ h]maphroditically1 b w give to ea* an helpmeet = x :i* %all cross x & be ! undo+ ( x2 & 9 ! undo+1 d2 & 9 ! do+1 undo1 & s ad inf9itum4 ,cross-f]tilisation is j z necess>y = cont9u$ f]tility ( ideas z = t ( organic life1 & ! attempt to fr[n ?is or t d[n m]ely on ! gr\nd t x involves contradiction 9 t]ms1 )\t at ! same "t %[+ t ! contradiction is on a l>g] scale ?an heal?y ?\ght c /oma*1 argues ei!r small s5se or small s9c]ity on ! "p ( ^? :o make x4 ,! contradictions employ$ by ,mr4 ,sp5c] are objectionable1 n on ! gr\nd ( _! be+ contradictions at all1 b on ! gr\nd ( _! be+ bl9k$1 & us$ un9tellig5tly4 ,b ?\gh x is n possible = any "o to get a cle> conception ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s mean+1 we may say ) m confid5ce :at x 0 t he did n mean4 ,he did n mean to make memory ! key/one ( 8 sy/em2 he has none ( t s5se ( ! unify+1 b9d+ =ce ( memory :i* ,pr(essor ,h]+ has s well express$1 nor does he %[ any signs ( p]ceiv+ ! f>-rea*+ consequ5ces t ensue if ! ph5om5a ( h]$ity are consid]$ z ph5om5a ( memory4 ,?us1 :5 he is deal+ ) ! ph5om5a ( old age 7vol4 i4 p4 #ech1 ed4 #b7 he does n ascribe !m to lapse & failure ( memory1 nor surmise ! pr9ciple und]ly+ longevity4 ,he nev] m5tions memory 9 connection ) h]$ity )\t pres5tly say+ some?+ :i* makes u involunt>ily ?9k ( a man miss+ an easy cat* at cricket2 x is only r>ely1 h[ev]1 t he connects ! two at all4 ,i h only be5 able to f9d ! ^w 8inh]it$0 or any d]ivative ( ! v]b 8to inh]it0 9 connection ) memory once 9 all ! #acjj long pages ( ! 8,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology40 ,x occurs 9 vol ii4 p4 #bjj1 #b;d ed41 :]e ! words /&1 8,memory1 inh]it$ or acquir$40 ,i submit t ?is 0 un9telligible :5 ,mr4 ,sp5c] wrote x1 = want ( an explanation :i* he nev] gave2 ,i submit1 also1 t he c\ld n h left x unexpla9$1 nor yet z an unrepeat$ expression n introduc$ till late 9 8 "w1 if he _h _h any idea ( its pregnancy4 ,at any rate1 :e!r he int5d$ to imply :at he n[ implies t he int5d$ to imply 7= ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 l ! late ,mr4 ,d>w91 is fond ( qualify+ phrases71 ,i h %[n t ^? mo/ able & will+ to und]/& him did n take him to mean :at he n[ appe>s anxi\s to h x suppos$ t he meant4 ,surely1 moreov]1 if he _h meant x he w\ld h spok5 soon]1 :5 he saw 8 mean+ _h be5 miss$4 ,i c1 h[ev]1 h no hesitation 9 say+ t if ,i _h kn[n ! 8,pr9ciples ( ,psy*ology0 e>li]1 z well z ,i "k ! "w n[1 ,i %\ld h us$ x l>gely4 ,x may be int]e/+1 be=e we leave ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 to see :e!r he ev5 n[ assigns to cont9u$ p]sonality & memory ! place assign$ to x by ,pr(essor ,h]+ & myself4 ,i w !re=e give ! conclud+ words ( ! lett] to ! ,a!num already ref]r$ to1 9 :i* he tells u to /& aside4 ,he writes 8,i /ill hold t inh]itance ( functionally produc$ modifications is ! *ief factor ?r\gh\t ! high] /ages ( organic evolution1 bodily z well z m5tal 7see #8,pr9ciples ( ,biology1' i4 #aff71 :ile ,i recognise ! tru? t ?r\gh\t ! l[] /ages survival ( ! fitte/ is ! *ief factor1 & 9 ! l[e/ ! almo/ exclusive factor40 ,?is is ! same confus$ & confus+ utt]ance :i* ,mr4 ,sp5c] has be5 giv+ u any "t ?is ?irty ye>s4 ,accord+ to him ! fact t v>iations c be inh]it$ & accumulat$ has less to d ) ! fir/ developm5t ( organic life1 ?an ! fact t if a squ>e organism happ5s to get into a squ>e hole1 x w live long] & m happily ?an a squ>e organism :i* happ5s to get into a r\nd "o2 he decl>es 8! survival ( ! fitte/0--& ?is is no?+ b ! fact t ^? :o 8fit0 be/ into _! surr\nd+s w live longe/ & mo/ com=tably--to h m to d ) ! developm5t ( ! amba into1 we w say1 a mollusc ?an h]$ity itself4 ,true1 8inh]itance ( functionally produc$ modifications0 is all[$ to be ! *ief factor ?r\gh\t ! 8high] /ages ( organic evolution10 b x has v little to d 9 ! l[]2 9 ^! 8! almo/ exclusive factor0 is n h]$ity1 or inh]itance1 b 8survival ( ! fitte/40 ,( c\rse we "k t ,mr4 ,sp5c] does n believe ?is2 ( c\rse1 also1 all :o are fairly well up 9 ! hi/ory ( ! developm5t !ory w see :y ,mr4 ,sp5c] has attempt$ to draw ?is di/9ction betwe5 ! 8factors0 ( ! developm5t ( ! high] & l[] =ms ( life2 b no matt] h[ or :y ,mr4 ,sp5c] has be5 l$ to say :at he has1 he has no bus9ess to h said x4 ,:at c we ?9k ( a writ] :o1 aft] s _m ye>s ( writ+ ^u 8 subject1 9 a passage 9 :i* he %\ld make 8 mean+ d\bly cle>1 inasmu* z he is claim+ gr\nd tak5 by o!r writ]s1 decl>es t ?\gh h]$it>y use & disuse1 or1 to use 8 own words1 8! inh]itance ( functionally produc$ modifications10 is inde$ v important 9 connection ) ! developm5t ( ! high] =ms ( life1 yet h]$ity itself has little or no?+ to d ) t ( ! l[]8 ,v>iations1 :e!r produc$ functionally or n1 c only be p]petuat$ & accumulat$ because !y c be inh]it$2--& ?is applies j z mu* to ! l[] z to ! high] =ms ( life2 ! "q :i* ,pr(essor ,h]+ & ,i h tri$ to answ] is1 8,h[ comes x t any?+ c be inh]it$ at all8 ,9 virtue ( :at p[] is x t (fspr+ c repeat & improve ^u ! p]=mances ( _! p>5ts80 ,our answ] 01 8,because 9 a v valid s5se1 ?\gh n p]haps 9 ! mo/ usually und]/ood1 !re is cont9u$ p]sonality & an abid+ memory betwe5 successive g5]ations40 ,h[ does ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s confession ( fai? t\* ?is8 ,if any mean+ c be extract$ f 8 words1 he is no m support+ ?is view n[ ?an he 0 :5 he wrote ! passages he has adduc$ to %[ t he 0 support+ x ?irty ye>s ago2 b aft] all no coh]5t mean+ c be got out ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s lett]--except1 ( c\rse1 t ,pr(essor ,h]+ & myself are to /& aside4 ,i h abundantly %[n t ,i am v ready to d ?is 9 fav\r ( ,pr(essor ,h]+1 b see no reason = admitt+ ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s claim to h be5 among ! =e/all]s ( 8,life & ,habit40 ,*apt] ,,iv #eb;a ,mr4 ,romanes' 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals0 ,,)\t rais+ ! unpr(itable "q h[ ,mr4 ,romanes1 9 spite ( ! indiff]5ce ) :i* he treat$ ! !ory ( ,inh]it$ ,memory 9 #ahha1 came1 9 #ahhc1 to be suffici5tly imbu$ ) a s5se ( its importance1 ,i /ill _c af=d to disp5se ) ! weight ( 8 au?ority1 & 9 ?is *apt] w %[ h[ closely he n infrequ5tly approa*es ! ,h]+ian position4 ,?us1 he says t ! analogies betwe5 ! memory ) :i* we are famili> 9 daily life & h]$it>y memory 8are s num]\s & precise0 z to ju/ify u 9 consid]+ !m to be ( ess5tially ! same k9d4 #eb;b ,aga91 he says t al?\gh ! memory ( milk %[n by new-born infants is 8at all ev5ts 9 l>ge "p h]$it>y1 x is none ! less memory0 ( a c]ta9 k9d4 #eb;c ,two l9es l[] d[n he writes ( 8h]$it>y memory or in/9ct10 !reby imply+ t in/9ct is 8h]$it>y memory40 8,x makes no ess5tial diff]5ce10 he says1 8:e!r ! pa/ s5sation 0 actually exp]i5c$ by ! individual itself1 or bequea!d x1 s to speak1 by its ance/ors4 #eb;d ,= x makes no ess5tial diff]5ce :e!r ! n]v\s *anges 4 4 4 7 occasion$ dur+ ! life-"t ( ! individual or dur+ t ( ! species1 & aft]w>ds impress$ by h]$ity on ! individual40 ,l[] d[n on ! same page he writes3-- 8,z %[+ h[ close is ! connection betwe5 h]$it>y memory & in/9ct10 c4 ,& on ! foll[+ page3-- 8,& ?is %[s h[ closely ! ph5om5a ( h]$it>y memory are relat$ to ^? ( individual memory3 at ?is /age 4 4 4 x is practically impossible to dis5tangle ! effects ( h]$it>y memory f ^? ( ! individual40 ,aga93-- 8,ano!r po9t :i* we h "h to consid] is ! "p :i* h]$ity has play$ 9 =m+ ! p]ceptive faculty ( ! individual prior to its own exp]i5ce4 ,we h already se5 t h]$ity plays an important "p 9 =m+ memory ( ance/ral exp]i5ces1 & ?us x is t _m animals come into ! _w ) _! p[] ( p]ception already l>gely develop$4 ,! weal? ( ready-=m$ in=mation1 & !re=e ( ready-made p[]s ( p]ception1 ) :i* _m newly-born or newly-hat*$ animals are provid$1 is s great & s precise t x sc>cely requires to be supplem5t$ by ! subsequ5t exp]i5ce ( ! individual40 #ec;a ,aga93-- 8,in/9cts probably owe _! orig9 & developm5t to "o or o!r ( ! two pr9ciples4 8,i4 ,! fir/ mode ( orig9 consi/s 9 natural selection or survival ( ! fitte/1 cont9u\sly pres]v+ actions1 c4 c4 8,,ii4 ,! second mode ( orig9 is z foll[s3--,by ! effects ( habit 9 successive g5]ations1 actions :i* 7 orig9ally intellig5t become z x 7 /]eotyp$ into p]man5t in/9cts4 ,j z 9 ! lifetime ( ! individual adju/ive actions :i* 7 orig9ally intellig5t may by frequ5t repetition become automatic1 s 9 ! lifetime ( species actions orig9ally intellig5t may by frequ5t repetition & h]$ity s write _! effects on ! n]v\s sy/em t ! latt] is prep>$1 ev5 be=e individual exp]i5ce1 to p]=m adju/ive actions me*anically :i* 9 previ\s g5]ations 7 p]=m$ intellig5tly4 ,?is mode ( orig9 ( in/9cts has be5 appropriately call$ 7by ,lewes--see 8,problems ( ,life & ,m9d0 #ed;a7 ! #8laps+ ( intellig5ce4'0 #ed;b ,i may say 9 pass+ t 9 spite ( ! great /ress laid by ,mr4 ,romanes bo? 9 8 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals0 & 9 8 lett]s to ! ,a!num 9 ,m>* #ahhd1 on ,natural ,selection z an orig9ator & develop] ( in/9ct1 he v soon aft]w>ds let ! ,natural ,selection "p ( ! /ory g z completely )\t say+ z ,i d myself1 or z ,mr4 ,d>w9 did dur+ ! lat] ye>s ( 8 life4 ,writ+ to ,nature1 ,april #aj1 #ahhd1 he said3 8,to d5y t exp]i5ce 9 ! c\rse ( successive g5]ations is ! s\rce ( in/9ct1 is n to meet by way ( argum5t ! enorm\s mass ( evid5ce :i* goes to prove t ?is is ! case40 ,"h1 !n1 in/9ct is ref]r$1 )\t res]vation1 to 8exp]i5ce 9 successive g5]ations10 & ?is is nons5se unless expla9$ z ,pr(essor ,h]+ & ,i expla9 x4 ,mr4 ,romanes' words1 9 fact1 am\nt to an unqualifi$ acceptance ( ! *apt] 8,in/9ct z ,inh]it$ ,memory0 giv5 9 8,life & ,habit10 ( :i* ,mr4 ,romanes 9 ,m>* #ahhd wrote 9 t]ms :i* x is n necess>y to repeat4 ,lat] on3-- 8,t #8practice makes p]fect' is a matt]1 z ,i h previ\sly said1 ( daily obs]vation4 ,:e!r we reg>d a juggl]1 a piani/1 or a billi>d-play]1 a *ild le>n+ 8 lesson or an actor 8 "p by frequ5tly repeat+ x1 or a ?\s& o!r illu/rations ( ! same process1 we see at once t !re is tru? 9 ! cynical def9ition ( a man z a #8bundle ( habits4' ,& ! same1 ( c\rse1 is true ( animals40 #ee;a ,f ?is ,mr4 ,romanes goes on to %[ 8t automatic actions & consci\s habits may be inh]it$10 #ee;b & 9 ! c\rse ( do+ ?is cont5ds t 8in/9cts may be lo/ by disuse1 & conv]sely t !y may be acquir$ z in/9cts by ! h]$it>y transmission ( ance/ral exp]i5ce40 ,on ano!r page ,mr4 ,romanes says3-- 8,let u n[ turn to ! second ( ^! two assumptions1 viz41 t "s at lea/ among migratory birds mu/ possess1 by inh]itance alone1 a v precise k ( ! p>ticul> direction to be pursu$4 ,x is )\t "q an a/oni%+ fact t a "y cuckoo %\ld be prompt$ to leave its fo/] p>5ts at a p>ticul> season ( ! ye>1 & )\t any guide to %[ ! c\rse previ\sly tak5 by its own p>5ts1 b ?is is a fact :i* mu/ be met by any !ory ( in/9ct :i* aims at be+ complete4 ,n[ ^u our own !ory x c only be met by tak+ x to be due to inh]it$ memory40 ,a little l[] ,mr4 ,romanes says3 8,( :at k9d1 !n1 is ! inh]it$ memory on :i* ! "y cuckoo 7if n also o!r migratory birds7 dep5ds8 ,we c only answ]1 ( ! same k9d1 :atev] ?is may be1 z t ^u :i* ! old bird dep5ds40 #ee;c ,i h giv5 above mo/ ( ! m m>k$ passages :i* ,i h be5 able to f9d 9 ,mr4 ,romanes' book :i* attribute in/9ct to memory1 & :i* admit t !re is no fundam5tal diff]5ce betwe5 ! k9d ( memory ) :i* we are all famili> & h]$it>y memory z transmitt$ f "o g5]ation to ano!r4 ,b ?r\gh\t 8 "w !re are passages :i* sugge/1 ?\gh less obvi\sly1 ! same inf]5ce4 ,! passages ,i h quot$ %[ t ,mr4 ,romanes is uphold+ ! same op9ions z ,pr(essor ,h]+'s & my own1 b _! effect & t5d5cy is m pla9 "h ?an 9 ,mr ,romanes' own book1 :]e !y are ov]laid by ne>ly #djj long pages ( matt] :i* is n always easy ( compreh5sion4 ,moreov]1 at ! same "t t ,i claim ! weight ( ,mr4 ,romanes' au?ority1 ,i am b\nd to admit t ,i d n f9d 8 support satisfactory4 ,! late ,mr4 ,d>w9 himself--^: mantle seems to h fall5 m especially & p>ticul>ly on ,mr4 ,romanes--c\ld n contradict himself m hopelessly ?an ,mr4 ,romanes (t5 does4 ,inde$ 9 "o ( ! v passages ,i h quot$ 9 ord] to %[ t ,mr4 ,romanes accepts ! ph5om5a ( h]$ity z ph5om5a ( memory1 he speaks ( 8h]$ity z play+ an important "p 9 =m+ memory ( ance/ral exp]i5ces20 s t1 :]eas ,i want him to say t ! ph5om5a ( h]$ity are due to memory1 he w h x t ! memory is due to ! h]$ity1 :i* seems to me absurd4 ,ov] & ov] aga9 ,mr4 ,romanes insi/s t x is h]$ity :i* does ?is or t4 ,?us x is 8h]$ity ) natural selection :i* adapt ! anatomical plan ( ! ganglia40 #ef;a ,x is h]$ity :i* impresses n]v\s *anges on ! individual4 #ef;b 8,9 ! lifetime ( species actions orig9ally intellig5t may by frequ5t repetition & h]$ity10 c42 #ef;c b he n[h]e tells u :at h]$ity is any m ?an ,messrs4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 ,d>w91 & ,lewes h done4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is exactly :at ,pr(essor ,h]+1 :om ,i h unwitt+ly foll[$1 does4 ,he resolves all ph5om5a ( h]$ity1 :e!r 9 respect ( body or m9d1 into ph5om5a ( memory4 ,he says 9 effect1 8,a man gr[s 8 body z he does1 & a bird makes h] ne/ z %e does1 because bo? man & bird rememb] hav+ gr[n body & made ne/ z !y n[ d1 or v ne>ly s1 on innum]able pa/ occasions40 ,he ?us1 z ,i h said on an e>li] page1 r$uces life f an equation ( say #ajj unkn[n quantities to "o ( #ii only by %[+ t h]$ity & memory1 two ( ! orig9al #ajj unkn[n quantities1 are 9 reality "p ( "o & ! same ?+4 ,t he is "r ,mr4 ,romanes seems to me to admit1 ?\gh 9 a v unsatisfactory way4 ,:at1 = example1 c be m unsatisfactory ?an ! foll[+8--,mr4 ,romanes says t ! mo/ fundam5tal pr9ciple ( m5tal op]ation is t ( memory1 & t ?is 8is ! conditio s9e qu non ( all m5tal life0 7page #ce74 ,i d n und]/& ,mr4 ,romanes to hold t !re is any liv+ be+ :i* has no m9d at all1 & ,i d und]/& him to admit t developm5t ( body & m9d are closely int]dep5d5t4 ,if1 !n1 8! mo/ fundam5tal pr9ciple0 ( m9d is memory1 x foll[s t memory ent]s also z a fundam5tal pr9ciple into developm5t ( body4 ,= m9d & body are s closely connect$ t no?+ c ent] l>gely into ! "o )\t correspond+ly affect+ ! o!r4 ,on a lat] page ,mr4 ,romanes speaks po9t-blank ( ! new-born *ild z 8embody+ ! results ( a great mass ( h]$it>y exp]i5ce0 7p4 #gg71 s t :at he is driv+ at c be collect$ by ^? :o take tr\ble1 b is n se5 until we call up f our own k matt] ^: relevancy does n appe> on ! face ( x1 & until we connect passages _m pages asund]1 ! fir/ ( :i* may easily be =gott5 be=e we rea* ! second4 ,!re c be no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t ,mr4 ,romanes does 9 reality1 l ,pr(essor ,h]+ & myself1 reg>d developm5t1 :e!r ( m9d or body1 z due to memory1 = x is n[ pretty g5]ally se5 to be nons5se to talk ab\t 8h]$it>y exp]i5ce0 or 8h]$it>y memory0 if any?+ else is int5d$4 ,i h said above t on page #aac ( 8 rec5t "w ,mr4 ,romanes decl>es ! analogies betwe5 ! memory ) :i* we are famili> 9 daily life1 & h]$it>y memory1 to be 8s num]\s & precise0 z to ju/ify u 9 consid]+ !m z ( "o & ! same k9d4 ,?is is c]ta9ly 8 mean+1 b1 ) ! exception ( ! words )9 inv]t$ commas1 x is n 8 language4 ,8 own words are ^!3-- 8,pr(\nd1 h[ev]1 z our ignorance unque/ionably is conc]n+ ! physical sub/ratum ( memory1 ,i ?9k we are at lea/ ju/ifi$ 9 reg>d+ ?is sub/ratum z ! same bo? 9 ganglionic or organic1 & 9 ! consci\s or psy*ological memory1 see+ t ! analogies betwe5 !m are s num]\s & precise4 ,consci\sness is b an adjunct :i* arises :5 ! physical processes1 ow+ to infrequ5cy ( repetition1 complexity ( op]ation1 or o!r causes1 involve :at ,i h be=e call$ ganglionic friction40 ,i submit t ,i h correctly translat$ ,mr4 ,romanes' mean+1 & also t we h a "r to compla9 ( 8 n say+ :at he has to say 9 words :i* w involve less 8ganglionic friction0 on ! "p ( ! read]4 ,ano!r example may be f\nd on p4 #dc ( ,mr4 ,romanes' book4 8,la/ly10 he writes1 8j z innum]able special me*anisms ( muscul> co-ord9ations are f\nd to be inh]it$1 innum]able special associations ( ideas are f\nd to be ! same1 & 9 "o case z 9 ! o!r ! /r5g? ( ! organically impos$ connection is f\nd to be> a direct proportion to ! frequ5cy ) :i* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! species x has occurr$40 ,mr4 ,romanes is "h int5d+ :at ! read] w f9d insi/$ on on p4 #ea ( 8,life & ,habit20 b h[ difficult he has made :at c\ld h be5 said intelligibly en\gh1 if !re _h be5 no?+ b ! read]'s com=t to be consid]$4 ,un=tunately t seems to h be5 by no means ! only ?+ ( :i* ,mr4 ,romanes 0 ?9k+1 or :y1 aft] imply+ & ev5 say+ ov] & ov] aga9 t in/9ct is inh]it$ habit due to inh]it$ memory1 %\ld he turn %>ply r\nd on p4 #big & praise ,mr4 ,d>w9 = try+ to snuff out 8! well-kn[n doctr9e ( inh]it$ habit z advanc$ by ,lam>ck08 ,! answ] is n f> to seek4 ,x is because ,mr4 ,romanes did n m]ely want to tell u all ab\t in/9ct1 b want$ also1 if ,i may use a homely metaphor1 to hunt ) ! h\nds & run ) ! h>e at "o & ! same "t4 ,i rememb] say+ t if ! late ,mr4 ,d>w9 8_h told u :at ! e>li] evolutioni/s said1 :y !y said x1 :]e9 he diff]$ f !m1 & 9 :at way he propos$ to set !m /raight1 he w\ld h tak5 a c\rse at once m agreeable ) usual practice1 & m likely to remove misconception f 8 own m9d & f ^? ( 8 read]s40 #ei;a ,?is ,i h no d\bt 0 "o ( ! passages :i* made ,mr4 ,romanes s angry ) me4 ,i c f9d no bett] words to apply to ,mr4 ,romanes himself4 ,he kn[s p]fectly well :at o!rs h writt5 ab\t ! connection betwe5 h]$ity & memory1 & he kn[s no less well t s f> z he is intelligible at all he is tak+ ! same view t !y h tak54 ,if he _h begun by say+ :at !y _h said1 & _h !n improv$ on x1 ,i = "o %\ld h be5 only too glad to be improv$ ^u4 ,mr4 ,romanes has spoil$ 8 book j because ?is pla9 old-fa%ion$ me?od ( proc$ure 0 n good en\gh = him4 ,"o-half ! obscurity :i* makes 8 mean+ s h>d to appreh5d is due to exactly ! same cause z t :i* has ru9$ s mu* ( ! late ,mr4 ,d>w9's "w--,i mean to a desire to appe> to be diff]+ altoge!r f o!rs ) :om he knew himself aft] all to be 9 sub/antial agreem5t4 ,he adopts1 b 7probably q unconsci\sly7 9 8 anxiety to avoid appe>+ to adopt1 he obscures :at he is adopt+4 ,"h1 = example1 is ,mr4 ,romanes' def9ition ( in/9ct3-- 8,in/9ct is reflex action into :i* !re is import$ ! elem5t ( consci\sness4 ,! t]m is !re=e a g5]ic "o1 compris+ all ^? faculties ( m9d :i* are conc]n$ 9 consci\s & adaptive action1 antec$5t to individual exp]i5ce1 )\t necess>y k ( ! relation betwe5 means employ$ & ends atta9$1 b simil>ly p]=m$ "u simil> & frequ5tly recurr+ circum/ances by all ! individuals ( ! same species40 #fj;a ,if ,mr4 ,romanes w\ld h be5 cont5t to build frankly ^u ,pr(essor ,h]+'s f\ndation1 ! s\ndness ( :i* he has else:]e abundantly admitt$1 he might h said-- 8,in/9ct is k or habit acquir$ 9 pa/ g5]ations--! new g5]ation rememb]+ :at happ5$ to x be=e x p>t$ company ) ! old4 ,m briefly1 ,in/9ct is inh]it$ memory40 ,!n he might h add$ a rid]-- 8,if a habit is acquir$ z a new "o1 dur+ any giv5 lifetime1 x is n an in/9ct4 ,if hav+ be5 acquir$ 9 "o lifetime x is transmitt$ to (fspr+1 x is an in/9ct 9 ! (fspr+1 ?\gh x 0 n an in/9ct 9 ! p>5t4 ,if ! habit is transmitt$ p>tially1 x mu/ be consid]$ z p>tly in/9ctive & p>tly acquir$40 ,?is is easy2 x tells p h[ !y may te/ any action s z to "k :at !y ought to call x2 x leaves well alone by avoid+ all su* debatable matt]s z reflex action1 consci\sness1 intellig5ce1 purpose1 k ( purpose1 c42 x bo? introduces ! feature ( inh]itance :i* is ! "o ma9ly di/+ui%+ in/9ctive f s-call$ intellig5t actions1 & %[s ! mann] 9 :i* ^! la/ pass into ! fir/1 t is to say1 by way ( memory & habitual repetition2 f9ally x po9ts ! fact t ! new g5]ation is n to be look$ ^u z a new ?+1 b 7z ,dr4 ,erasmus ,d>w9 long s9ce said #fa;a7 z 8a bran* or elongation0 ( ! "o imm$iately prec$+ x4 ,9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's case x is h>dly possible to exagg]ate ! wa/e ( "t1 money & tr\ble t has be5 caus$1 by 8 n hav+ be5 cont5t to appe> z desc5d+ ) modification l o!r p f ^? :o w5t be=e him4 ,x w take ye>s to get ! evolution !ory out ( ! mess 9 :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 has left x4 ,he 0 heir to a discr$it$ tru?2 he left beh9d him an accr$it$ fallacy4 ,mr4 ,romanes1 if he is n /opp$ 9 "t1 w get ! !ory connect+ h]$ity & memory into j su* ano!r muddle z ,mr4 ,d>w9 has got evolution1 = surely ! writ] :o c talk ab\t 8h]$ity be+ able to "w up ! faculty ( hom+ into ! in/9ct ( migration10 #fa;b or ( 8! pr9ciple ( 7natural7 selection comb9+ ) t ( laps+ intellig5ce to ! =mation ( a jo9t result10 #fa;c is little likely to dep>t f ! usual me?ods ( sci5tific proc$ure ) advantage ei!r to himself or any "o else4 ,=tunately ,mr4 ,romanes is n ,mr4 ,d>w91 & ?\gh he has c]ta9ly got ,mr4 ,d>w9's mantle1 & got x v mu* too1 x w n on ,mr4 ,romanes' %\ld]s hide a good deal t p 7 n go+ to obs]ve too closely :ile ,mr4 ,d>w9 wore x4 ,i ought to say t ! late ,mr4 ,d>w9 appe>s himself ev5tually to h admitt$ ! s\ndness ( ! !ory connect+ h]$ity & memory4 ,mr4 ,romanes quotes a lett] writt5 by ,mr4 ,d>w9 9 ! la/ ye> ( 8 life1 9 :i* he speaks ( an intellig5t action gradually becom+ 8in/9ctive1 i4e41 memory transmitt$ f "o g5]ation to ano!r40 #fb;a ,briefly1 ! /ages ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's op9ion ^u ! subject ( h]$it>y memory are z foll[s3-- #ahei4 8,x w\ld be ! mo/ s]i\s error to suppose t ! great] numb] ( in/9cts h be5 acquir$ by habit 9 "o g5]ation & transmitt$ by inh]itance to succe$+ g5]ations40 #fb;b ,& ?is m especially applies to ! in/9cts ( _m ants4 #ahgf4 8,x w\ld be a s]i\s error to suppose10 c41 z be=e4 #fb;c #ahha4 8,we %\ld rememb] :at a mass ( inh]it$ k is cr[d$ into ! m9ute bra9 ( a work] ant40 #fb;d #ahha or #ahhb4 ,speak+ ( a giv5 habitual action ,mr4 ,d>w9 writes3 8,x does n seem to me at all incr$ible t ?is action & :y ?is m ?an any o!r habitual action8 %\ld !n become in/9ctive30 i4e41 memory transmitt$ f "o g5]ation to ano!r4 #fb;e ,& yet 9 #ahci1 or !reab\ts1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h pretty ne>ly grasp$ ! conception f :i* until ! la/ ye> or two ( 8 life he s fatally /ray$2 = 9 8 contribution to ! volumes giv+ an acc\nt ( ! voyages ( ! ,adv5ture & ,beagle1 he wrote3 8,nature by mak+ habit omnipot5t & its effects h]$it>y1 has fitt$ ! ,fuegian = ! climate & productions ( 8 c\ntry0 7p4 #bcg74 ,:at is ! secret ( ! long dep>ture f ! simple common-s5se view ( ! matt] :i* he took :5 he 0 a "y man8 ,i imag9e simply :at ,i h ref]r$ to 9 ! prec$+ *apt]1 ov]-anxiety to appe> to be diff]+ f 8 gr&fa!r1 ,dr4 ,erasmus ,d>w91 & ,lam>ck4 ,i believe ,i may say t ,mr4 ,d>w9 be=e he di$ n only admitt$ ! connection betwe5 memory & h]$ity1 b came also to see t he mu/ readmit t design 9 organism :i* he _h s _m ye>s oppos$4 ,= 9 ! preface to ,h]mann ,mll]'s 8,f]tilisation ( ,fl[]s10 #fc;a :i* be>s a date only a v few weeks prior to ,mr4 ,d>w9's dea?1 ,i f9d him say+3--8,design 9 nature has = a long "t deeply int]e/$ _m m51 & ?\gh ! subject mu/ n[ be look$ at f a some:at diff]5t po9t ( view f :at 0 =m]ly ! case1 x is n on t acc\nt r5d]$ less int]e/+40 ,?is is mus$ =? z a g5]al gnome1 & may mean any?+ or no?+3 ! writ] ( ! lett]press "u ! hi]oglyph 9 ,old ,moore's ,almanac c\ld n be m gu>d$2 b ,i ?9k ,i "k :at x does mean4 ,i _c1 ( c\rse1 be sure2 ,mr4 ,d>w9 did n probably int5d t ,i %\ld2 b ,i assume ) confid5ce t :e!r !re is design 9 organism or no1 !re is at any rate design 9 ?is passage ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's4 ,?is1 we may be sure1 is n a =tuit\s v>iation2 &1 moreov]1 x is introduc$ = "s reason :i* made ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?9k x wor? :ile to g out ( 8 way to introduce x4 ,x has no fitness 9 its connection ) ,h]mann ,mll]'s book1 = :at little ,h]mann ,mll] says ab\t teleology at all is to condemn x2 :y1 !n1 %\ld ,mr4 ,d>w9 muse "h ( all places 9 ! _w ab\t ! int]e/ atta*+ to design 9 organism8 ,nei!r has ! passage any connection ) ! re/ ( ! preface4 ,!re is n ano!r ^w ab\t design1 & ev5 "h ,mr4 ,d>w9 seems ma9ly anxi\s to face bo? ways1 & pat design z x 7 on ! head :ile n committ+ himself to any proposition :i* c\ld be disput$4 ,! explanation is suffici5tly obvi\s4 ,mr ,d>w9 want$ to h$ge4 ,he saw t ! design :i* 8 works _h be5 ma9ly in/rum5tal 9 pit*=k+ out ( organisms no less manife/ly design$ ?an a burgl>'s jemmy is design$1 _h nev]!less f\nd its way back aga91 & t ?\gh1 z ,i insi/$ 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new10 & 8,unconsci\s ,memory10 x mu/ n[ be plac$ )9 ! organism in/ead ( outside x1 z 80 =m]ly ! case10 x 0 n on t acc\nt any ! less--design1 z well z int]e/+4 ,i %\ld l to h se5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 say ?is m explicitly4 ,inde$ ,i %\ld h lik$ to h se5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 say any?+ at all ab\t ! mean+ ( :i* !re c\ld be no mi/ake1 & )\t contradict+ himself else:]e2 b ?is 0 n ,mr4 ,d>w9's mann]4 ,9 pass+ ,i w give ano!r example ( ,mr ,d>w9's mann] :5 he did n q d>e ev5 to h$ge4 ,x is to be f\nd 9 ! preface :i* he wrote to ,pr(essor ,weismann's 8,/udies 9 ! ,!ory ( ,desc5t10 publi%$ 9 #ahha4 8,sev]al di/+ui%$ naturali/s10 says ,mr4 ,d>w91 8ma9ta9 ) mu* confid5ce t organic be+s t5d to v>y & to rise 9 ! scale1 indep5d5tly ( ! conditions to :i* !y & _! prog5itors h be5 expos$2 :il/ o!rs ma9ta9 t all v>iation is due to su* exposure1 ?\gh ! mann] 9 :i* ! environm5t acts is z yet q unkn[n4 ,at ! pres5t "t !re is h>dly any "q 9 biology ( m importance ?an ?is ( ! nature & causes ( v>iability2 & ! read] w f9d 9 ! pres5t "w an able discussion on ! :ole subject1 :i* w probably lead him to pause be=e he admits ! exi/5ce ( an innate t5d5cy to p]fectibility0--or t[>ds be+ able to be p]fect$4 ,i c\ld f9d no able discussion ^u ! :ole subject 9 ,pr(essor ,weismann's book4 ,!re 0 a little some?+ "h & !re1 b n mu*4 ,x may be expect$ t ,i %\ld say some?+ "h ab\t ,mr4 ,romanes' late/ contribution to biology--,i mean 8 !ory ( physiological selection1 ( :i* ! two fir/ in/alm5ts h appe>$ 9 ,nature j z ^! pages are leav+ my h&s1 & _m mon?s s9ce ! =ego+1 & mo/ ( ! foll[+ *apt]s 7 writt54 ,i admit to feel+ a c]ta9 s5se ( ?ankfulness t !y did n appe> e>li]2 z x is1 my book is too f> advanc$ to be capable ( fur!r embryonic *ange1 & ?is mu/ be my excuse = say+ less ab\t ,mr4 ,romanes' !ory ?an ,i might p]haps o!rwise d4 ,i cordially1 h[ev]1 agree ) ! ,times1 :i* says t 8,mr4 ,george ,romanes appe>s to be ! biological inve/igator on :om ! mantle ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 has mo/ conspicu\sly desc5d$0 7,augu/ #af1 #ahhf74 ,mr4 ,romanes is j ! p]son :om ! late ,mr4 ,d>w9 w\ld select to c>ry on 8 "w1 & ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 j ! k9d ( p]son t[>ds :om ,mr4 ,romanes w\ld f9d himself in/9ctively attract$4 ,! ,times cont9ues--8,! position :i* ,mr4 ,romanes takes up is ! result ( 8 p]ception %>$ by _m evolutioni/s1 t ! !ory ( natural selection is n really a !ory ( ! orig9 ( species4 4 4 40 ,:at1 !n1 becomes ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's mo/ fam\s "w1 :i* 0 writt5 expressly to e/abli% natural selection z ! ma9 means ( organic modification8 8,! new factor :i* ,mr4 ,romanes sugge/s10 cont9ues ! ,times1 8is t at a c]ta9 /age ( developm5t ( v>ieties 9 a /ate ( nature a *ange takes place 9 _! reproductive sy/ems1 r5d]+ ^? :i* diff] 9 "s p>ticul>s mutually inf]tile1 & ?us ! =mation ( new p]man5t species takes place )\t ! swamp+ effect ( free int]cross+4 4 4 4 ,h[ 8 !ory c be prop]ly t]m$ "o ( selection he fails to make cle>4 ,if correct1 x is a law or pr9ciple ( op]ation r ?an a process ( selection4 ,x has be5 object$ to ,mr4 ,romanes' !ory t x is ! re-/atem5t ( a fact4 ,?is objection is less important ?an ! lack ( facts 9 support ( ! !ory40 ,! ,times1 h[ev]1 implies x z its op9ion t ! requir$ facts w be =?com+ by & by1 & t :5 !y h be5 f\nd ,mr4 ,romanes' sugge/ion w con/itute 8! mo/ important addition to ! !ory ( evolution s9ce ! publication ( ! #8,orig9 ( ,species4'0 ,consid]+ t ! ,times has j impli$ ! ma9 !sis ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 to be "o :i* does n /& exam9ation1 ?is is r a d\btful complim5t4 ,nei!r ,mr4 ,romanes nor ! writ] 9 ! ,times appe>s to p]ceive t ! results :i* may or may n be suppos$ to ensue on *oice dep5d ^u :at x is t is suppos$ to be *os5 f2 !y d n appe> to see t ?\gh ! expression natural selection mu/ be always m or less objectionable1 z too highly *>g$ ) metaphor = purposes ( sci5ce1 !re is nev]!less a natural selection :i* is op5 to no o!r objection ?an ?is1 & :i*1 :5 its metaphorical "* is borne well 9 m9d1 may be us$ )\t s]i\s risk ( error1 :]eas natural selection f v>iations t are ma9ly =tuit\s is *im]ical z well z metaphorical4 ,bo? writ]s speak ( natural selection z ?\gh !re c\ld n possibly be any selection 9 ! c\rse ( nature1 or natural survival1 ( any b accid5tal v>iations4 ,?us ,mr4 ,romanes says3 #ff;a 8,! swamp+ effect ( free int]-cross+ ^u an individual v>iation con/itutes p]haps ! mo/ =midable difficulty ) :i* ! !ory ( natural selection is beset40 ,& ! writ] ( ! article 9 ! ,times above ref]r$ to says3 8,9 tru? ! !ory ( natural selection pres5ts _m facts & results :i* increase r ?an dim9i% ! difficulty ( acc\nt+ = ! exi/5ce ( species40 ,! ass]tion made 9 ea* case is true if ! ,*>les-,d>w9ian selection f =tuit\s v>iations is int5d$1 b x does n hold good if ! selection is suppos$ to be made f v>iations "u :i* !re lies a g5]al pr9ciple ( wide & abid+ application4 ,x is n likely t a man ( ,mr4 ,romanes' antec$5ts %\ld n be p]fectly awake to consid]ations s obvi\s z ! =ego+1 & ,i am afraid ,i am incl9$ to consid] 8 :ole sugge/ion z only an attempt ^u ! "p ( ! we>] ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's mantle to c>ry on ,mr4 ,d>w9's "w 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's _s4 ,i h se5 ,pr(essor ,h]+'s !ory adopt$ rec5tly m unres]v$ly by ,dr4 ,creighton 9 8 8,illu/rations ( ,unconsci\s ,memory 9 ,disease40 #fg;a ,dr4 ,creighton av[$ly bases 8 sy/em on ,pr(essor ,h]+'s address1 & endorses x2 x is ) mu* pleasure t ,i h se5 him l5d ! weight ( 8 au?ority to ! !ory t ea* cell & organ has an individual memory4 ,9 8,life & ,habit0 ,i express$ a hope t ! op9ions x upheld w\ld be f\nd useful by m$ical m51 & am !re=e ! m glad to see t ?is has prov$ to be ! case4 ,i may p]haps be p>don$ if ,i quote ! passage 9 8,life & ,habit0 to :i* ,i am ref]r+4 ,x runs3-- 8,mutatis mut&is1 ! above w\ld seem to hold z truly ab\t m$ic9e z ab\t politics4 ,we _c reason ) our cells1 = !y "k s mu* m0 7( c\rse ,i mean 8ab\t _! own bus9ess07 8?an we d1 t !y _c und]/& u2--b ?\gh we _c reason ) !m1 we c f9d out :at !y h be5 mo/ accu/om$ to1 & :at1 !re=e1 !y are mo/ likely to expect2 we c see t !y get ?is z f> z x is 9 our p[] to give x !m1 & may !n g5]ally leave ! re/ to !m1 only be>+ 9 m9d t !y w rebel equally aga9/ too sudd5 a *ange ( treatm5t & no *ange at all0 7p4 #cje74 ,dr4 ,creighton insi/s *iefly on ! importance ( *ange1 :i*--?\gh ,i did n notice 8 say+ s--he w\ld d\btless see z a mode ( cross-f]tilisation1 fraught 9 all respects ) ! same advantages z ?is1 & requir+ ! same precautions aga9/ abuse2 he w\ld n1 h[ev]1 ,i am sure1 d5y t !re c\ld be no f]tility ( good results if too wide a cross 7 attempt$1 s t ,i may claim ! weight ( 8 au?ority z support+ bo? ! !ory ( an unconsci\s memory 9 g5]al1 & ! p>ticul> application ( x to m$ic9e :i* ,i _h v5tur$ to sugge/4 8,has ! ^w #8memory1'0 he asks1 8a real application to unconsci\s organic ph5om5a1 or d we use x outside its anci5t limits only 9 a figure ( spee*80 8,if ,i _h ?\ght10 he cont9ues lat]1 8t unconsci\s memory 0 no m ?an a metaphor1 & ! detail$ application ( x to ^! v>i\s =ms ( disease m]ely allegorical1 ,i %\ld /ill h judg$ x n unpr(itable to repres5t a some:at hackney$ class ( maladies 9 ! light ( a p>able4 ,none ( our faculties is m famili> to u 9 its work+s ?an ! memory1 & !re is h>dly any =ce or p[] 9 nature :i* e "o kn[s s well z ! =ce ( habit4 ,to say t a neurotic subject is l a p]son ) a ret5tive memory1 or t a dia!sis gradually acquir$ is l an ov]-ma/]+ habit1 is at all ev5ts to make comp>isons ) ?+s t we all und]/&4 8,= reasons giv5 *iefly 9 ! fir/ *apt]1 ,i conclude t ret5tiv5ess1 ) reproduction1 is a s+le undivid$ faculty ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( our life1 :e!r m5tal or bodily1 consci\s or unconsci\s2 & ,i claim ! description ( a c]ta9 class ( maladies accord+ to ! phraseology ( memory & habit z a real description & n a figurative40 7p4 #b47 ,z a natural consequ5ce ( ! =ego+ he reg>ds 8alt]ative action0 z 8habit-break+ action40 ,z reg>ds ! organism's be+ guid$ ?r\gh\t its developm5t to maturity by an unconsci\s memory1 ,dr4 ,creighton says t 8,pr(essor ,ba9 calls reproduction ! acme ( organic complication40 8,i %\ld pref] to say10 he adds1 8! acme ( organic implication2 = ! reason t ! sp]m & g]m elem5ts are p]fectly simple1 hav+ no?+ 9 _! =m or /ructure to %[ = ! m>vell\s pot5tialities )9 !m4 8,i n[ come to ! application ( ^! consid]ations to ! doctr9e ( unconsci\s memory4 ,if g5]ation is ! acme ( organic implicitness1 :at is its correlative 9 nature1 :at is ! acme ( organic explicitness8 ,obvi\sly ! f9e fl[] ( consci\sness4 ,g5]ation is implicit memory1 consci\sness is explicit memory2 g5]ation is pot5tial memory1 consci\sness is actual memory40 ,i am n sure t ,i und]/& ! prec$+ p>agraph z cle>ly z ,i %\ld wi%1 b hav+ quot$ en\gh to p]haps induce ! read] to turn to ,dr4 ,creighton's book1 ,i w proce$ to ! subject indicat$ 9 my title4 ,*apt] ,v ,/atem5t ( ! ,"q at ,issue ,,( ! two po9ts ref]r$ to 9 ! op5+ s5t5ce ( ?is book--,i mean ! connection betwe5 h]$ity & memory1 & ! re9troduction ( design into organic modification--! second is bo? ! m important & ! "o :i* /&s mo/ 9 ne$ ( support4 ,! sub/antial id5tity betwe5 h]$ity & memory is becom+ g5]ally admitt$2 z reg>ds my second po9t1 h[ev]1 ,i _c flatt] myself t ,i h made mu* way aga9/ ! =midable array ( writ]s on ! neo-,d>w9ian side2 ,i %all !re=e devote ! re/ ( my book z f> z possible to ?is subject only4 ,natural selection 7mean+ by ^! words ! pres]vation 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature ( fav\rable v>iations t are suppos$ to be ma9ly matt]s ( pure good luck & 9 no way aris+ out ( function7 has be51 to use an ,am]icanism ?an :i* ,i c f9d no?+ apt]1 ! bigge/ biological boom ( ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury2 x is n1 !re=e1 to be wond]$ at t ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 ,mr4 ,romanes1 ,mr4 ,grant ,all51 & o!rs1 %\ld %[ "s impati5ce at see+ its value z prime means ( modification call$ 9 "q4 ,)9 ! la/ few mon?s1 inde$1 ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 #gj;a & ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] #gj;b 9 ,engl&1 & ,dr4 ,ern/ ,krause #gj;c 9 ,g]many1 h spok5 & writt5 w>mly 9 support ( ! !ory ( natural selection1 & 9 opposition to ! views tak5 by myself2 if !y are n to be left 9 possession ( ! field ! soon] !y are met ! bett]4 ,/ripp$ ( detail ! po9t at issue is ?is2--:e!r luck or cunn+ is ! fitt] to be insi/$ on z ! ma9 means ( organic developm5t4 ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck answ]$ ?is "q 9 fav\r ( cunn+4 ,!y settl$ x 9 fav\r ( intellig5t p]ception ( ! situation--)91 ( c\rse1 ev] n>r[] & n>r[] limits z organism retreats f>!r backw>ds f ourselves--& p]si/5t ef=t to turn x to acc\nt4 ,!y made ?is ! s\l ( all developm5t :e!r ( m9d or body4 ,& !y made x1 l all o!r s\ls1 liable to ab]ration bo? = bett] & worse4 ,!y held t "s organisms %[ m ready wit & savoir faire ?an o!rs2 t "s give m pro(s ( g5ius & h m frequ5t happy ?\ghts ?an o!rs1 & t "s h ev5 gone ?r\gh wat]s ( mis]y :i* !y h us$ z wells4 ,! %eet an*or bo? ( ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck is 9 good s5se & ?rift2 /ill !y are aw>e t money has be5 sometimes made by 8/rik+ oil10 & ere n[ be5 transmitt$ to desc5dants 9 spite ( ! haphaz>d way 9 :i* x 0 orig9ally acquir$4 ,no speculation1 no comm]ce2 8no?+ v5ture1 no?+ h10 is z true = ! developm5t ( organic weal? z = t ( any o!r k9d1 & nei!r ,erasmus ,d>w9 nor ,lam>ck hesitat$ ab\t admitt+ t highly picturesque & romantic incid5ts ( developm5tal v5ture d f "t to "t occur 9 ! race hi/ories ev5 ( ! dulle/ & mo/ dead-level organisms "u ! "n ( 8sports20 b !y w\ld hold t ev5 ^! occur mo/ (t5 & mo/ happily to ^? t h p]sev]$ 9 well-do+ = "s g5]ations4 ,unto ! organism t ha? is giv51 & f ! organism t ha? n is tak5 away2 s t ev5 8sports0 prove to be only a little (f ?rift1 :i* /ill rema9s ! %eet an*or ( ! e>ly evolutioni/s4 ,!y believe1 9 fact1 t m organic weal? has be5 made by sav+ ?an 9 any o!r way4 ,! race is n 9 ! long run to ! ph5om5ally swift nor ! battle to ! ph5om5ally /rong1 b to ! good av]age all-r\nd organism t is alike %y ( ,radical crot*ets & old _w ob/ructiv5ess4 ,fe/9a1 b fe/9a l5te--p]haps z involv+ s completely ! contradiction 9 t]ms :i* mu/ und]lie all modification--is ! motto !y w\ld assign to organism1 & ,*i va piano va lontano1 !y hold to be a maxim z old1 if n z ! hills 7& !y h a hank]+ ev5 aft] ^!71 at any rate z ! amba4 ,to repeat 9 o!r words4 ,all endur+ =ms e/abli% a modus viv5di ) _! surr\nd+s4 ,!y c d ?is because bo? !y & ! surr\nd+s are pla/ic )9 c]ta9 undef9$ b some:at n>r[ limits4 ,!y are pla/ic because !y c to "s ext5t *ange _! habits1 & *ang$ habit1 if p]si/$ 91 involves correspond+ *ange1 h[ev] slight1 9 ! organs employ$2 b _! pla/icity dep5ds 9 great measure ^u _! failure to p]ceive t !y are m\ld+ !mselves4 ,if a *ange is s great t !y are s]i\sly incommod$ by its novelty1 !y are n likely to acquiesce 9 x k9dly en\gh to gr[ to x1 b !y w make no difficulty ab\t ! miracle involv$ 9 accommodat+ !mselves to a diff]5ce ( only two or ?ree p] c5t4 #gb;a ,z long z no *ange exce$s ?is p]c5tage1 & z long1 also1 z fre% *ange does n sup]v5e till ! prec$+ "o is well e/abli%$1 !re seems no limit to ! am\nt ( modification :i* may be accumulat$ 9 ! c\rse ( g5]ations--provid$1 ( c\rse1 always1 t ! modification cont9ues to be 9 con=mity ) ! in/9ctive habits & physical developm5t ( ! organism 9 _! collective capacity4 ,:]e ! *ange is too great1 or :]e an organ has be5 modifi$ cumulatively 9 "s "o direction1 until x has rea*$ a developm5t too s]i\sly out ( h>mony ) ! habits ( ! organism tak5 collectively1 !n ! organism holds itself excus$ f fur!r ef=t1 ?r[s up ! :ole conc]n1 & takes refuge 9 ! liquidation & recon/ruction ( dea?4 ,x is only on ! rel9qui%+ ( fur!r ef=t t ?is dea? ensues2 z long z ef=t endures1 organisms g on f *ange to *ange1 alt]+ & be+ alt]$--t is to say1 ei!r kill+ !mselves piecemeal 9 def]5ce to ! surr\nd+s or kill+ ! surr\nd+s piecemeal to suit !mselves4 ,!re is a ceaseless higgl+ & haggl+1 or r a life-&-dea? /ruggle betwe5 ^! two ?+s z long z life la/s1 & "o or o!r or bo? h 9 no small "p to re-ent] into ! womb f :5ce !y came & be born aga9 9 "s =m :i* %all give great] satisfaction4 ,all *ange is pro tanto dea? or pro tanto bir?4 ,*ange is ! common sub/ratum :i* und]lies bo? life & dea?2 life & dea? are n two di/9ct ?+s absolutely antagoni/ic to "o ano!r2 9 ! highe/ life !re is /ill mu* dea?1 & 9 ! mo/ complete dea? !re is /ill n a little life4 ,la vie1 says ,claud ,b]n>d1 #gc;a c'e/ la mort3 he might h add$1 & p]haps did1 et la mort ce n'e/ que la vie trans=me4 ,life & dea? are ! extreme modes ( some?+ :i* is p>tly bo? & :olly nei!r2 ?is some?+ is common1 ord9>y *ange2 solve any *ange & ! my/]y ( life & dea? w be reveal$2 %[ :y & h[ any?+ becomes ev] any?+ o!r 9 any respect ?an :at x is at any giv5 mom5t1 & !re w be little secret left 9 any o!r *ange4 ,"o is n 9 its ultimate ess5ce m miracul\s t ano!r2 x may be m /rik+--a great] cong]ies ( %ocks1 x may be m cr$ible or m incr$ible1 b n m miracul\s2 all *ange is qu u absolutely incompreh5sible & miracul\s2 ! smalle/ *ange baffles ! greate/ intellect if its ess5ce1 z ap>t f its ph5om5a1 be inquir$ into4 ,b h[ev] ?is may be1 all organic *ange is ei!r a gr[? or a dissolution1 or a comb9ation ( ! two4 ,gr[? is ! com+ toge!r ( elem5ts ) quasi simil> *>act]i/ics4 ,i und]/& x is believ$ to be ! com+ toge!r ( matt] 9 c]ta9 /ates ( motion ) o!r matt] 9 /ates s ne>ly simil> t ! rhy?ms ( ! "o coalesce ) & h5ce re9=ce ! rhy?ms pre-exi/+ 9 ! o!r--mak+1 r ?an m>r+ & undo+ !m4 ,life & gr[? are an attun+1 dea? & decay are an untun+2 bo? involve a succession ( great] or small] attun+s & untun+s2 organic life is 8! diapason clos+ full 9 man02 x is ! fulness ( a tone t v>ies 9 pit*1 quality1 & 9 ! h>monics to :i* x gives rise2 x ranges ?r\gh e degree ( complexity f ! endless comb9ations ( life-&-dea? )9 life-&-dea? :i* we f9d 9 ! mammalia1 to ! comp>ative simplicity ( ! amba4 ,dea?1 aga91 l life1 ranges ?r\gh e degree ( complexity4 ,all pleasant *anges are recreative2 !y are pro tanto bir?s2 all unpleasant *anges are we>+1 &1 z su*1 pro tanto dea?s1 b we c no m exhau/ ei!r :olly ( ! o!r1 ?an we c exhau/ all ! air out ( a receiv]2 pleasure & pa9 lurk )9 "o ano!r1 z life 9 dea?1 & dea? 9 life1 or z re/ & unre/ 9 "o ano!r4 ,!re is no great] my/]y 9 life ?an 9 dea?4 ,we talk z ?\gh ! riddle ( life only ne$ engage u2 ?is is n s2 dea? is j z great a miracle z life2 ! "o is two & two mak+ five1 ! o!r is five splitt+ into two & two4 ,solve ei!r1 & we h solv$ ! o!r2 !y %\ld be /udi$ n ap>t1 = !y are nev] p>t$1 b toge!r1 & !y w tell m tales ( "o ano!r ?an ei!r w tell ab\t itself4 ,if !re is "o ?+ :i* advanc+ k makes cle>] ?an ano!r1 x is t dea? is swall[$ up 9 life1 & life 9 dea?2 s t if ! la/ enemy t %all be subdu$ is dea?1 !n inde$ is our salvation ne>] ?an :at we ?\ght1 = 9 /rictness !re is nei!r life nor dea?1 nor ?\ght nor ?+1 except z figures ( spee*1 & z ! approximations :i* /rike u = ! "t z mo/ conv5i5t4 ,!re is nei!r p]fect life nor p]fect dea?1 b a be+ ev] ) ! ,"l only1 9 ! et]nal 1 or go+ to & fro & heat & fray ( ! univ]se4 ,:5 we 7 "y we ?\ght ! "o c]ta9 ?+ 0 t we %\ld "o day come to die2 n[ we "k ! "o c]ta9 ?+ to be t we %all nev] :olly d s4 ,non omnis mori>1 says ,horace1 & 8,i die daily10 says ,/4 ,paul1 z ?\gh a life beyond ! grave1 & a dea? on ?is side ( x1 7 ea* "s /range ?+ :i* happ5$ to !m alone ( all m52 b :o dies absolutely once = all1 & = ev] at ! h\r t is commonly call$ t ( dea?1 & :o does n die daily & h\rly8 ,does any man 9 cont9u+ to live f day to day or mom5t to mom5t1 d m ?an cont9ue 9 a *ang$ body1 ) *ang$ feel+s1 ideas1 & aims1 s t he lives f mom5t to mom5t only 9 virtue ( a simultane\s dy+ f mom5t to mom5t also8 ,does any man 9 dy+ d m ?an1 on a l>g] & m complete scale1 :at he has be5 do+ on a small "o1 z ! mo/ ess5tial factor ( 8 life1 f ! day t he became 8he0 at all8 ,:5 ! note ( life is /ruck ! h>monics ( dea? are s\nd$1 & s1 aga91 to /rike dea? is to ar\se ! inf9ite h>monics ( life t rise =?) z inc5se curl+ upw>ds f a c5s]4 ,if 9 ! mid/ ( life we are 9 dea?1 s also 9 ! mid/ ( dea? we are 9 life1 & :e!r we live or :e!r we die1 :e!r we l x & "k any?+ ab\t x or no1 /ill we d x to ! ,"l--liv+ always1 dy+ always1 & 9 ! ,"l always1 ! unju/ & ! j alike1 = ,god is no respect] ( p]sons4 ,consci\sness & *ange1 s f> z we c wat* !m1 are z functionally int]dep5d5t z m9d & matt]1 or condition & sub/ance1 are--= ! condition ( e sub/ance may be consid]$ z ! expression & outcome ( its m9d4 ,:]e !re is consci\sness !re is *ange2 :]e !re is no *ange !re is no consci\sness2 may we n suspect t !re is no *ange )\t a pro tanto consci\sness h[ev] simple & unspecialis$8 ,*ange & motion are "o1 s t we h sub/ance1 feel+1 *ange 7or motion71 z ! ultimate ?ree-9-"o ( our ?\ghts1 & may suspect all *ange1 & all feel+1 att5dant or consequ5t1 h[ev] limit$1 to be ! int]action ( ^? /ates :i* = want ( bett] t]ms we call m9d & matt]4 ,action may be reg>d$ z a k9d ( middle t]m betwe5 m9d & matt]2 x is ! ?roe ( ?\ght & ?+1 ! quiv]+ cla% & union ( body & s\l2 commonplace en\gh 9 practice2 miracul\s1 z violat+ e canon on :i* ?\ght & reason are f\nd$1 if we !orise ab\t x1 put x "u ! microscope1 & vivisect x4 ,x is "h1 if any:]e1 t body or sub/ance is guilty ( ! contradiction 9 t]ms ( comb9+ ) t :i* is )\t mat]ial sub/ance & _c1 !re=e1 be conceiv$ by u z pass+ 9 & out ) matt]1 till ! two become a body ens\l$ & a s\l embodi$4 ,all body is m or less ens\l$4 ,z x gets f>!r & f>!r f ourselves1 inde$1 we sympa?ise less ) x2 no?+1 we say to ourselves1 c h intellig5ce unless we und]/& all ab\t x--z ?\gh intellig5ce 9 all except ourselves meant ! p[] ( be+ und]/ood r ?an ( und]/&+4 ,we are intellig5t1 & no intellig5ce1 s diff]5t f our own z to baffle our p[]s ( compreh5sion des]ves to be call$ intellig5ce at all4 ,! m a ?+ resembles ourselves1 ! m x ?9ks z we d--& ?us by implication tells u t we are "r1 ! m intellig5t we ?9k x2 & ! less x ?9ks z we d1 ! great] fool x mu/ be2 if a sub/ance does n succe$ 9 mak+ x cle> t x und]/&s our bus9ess1 we conclude t x _c h any bus9ess ( its own1 mu* less und]/& x1 or inde$ und]/& any?+ at all4 ,b lett+ ?is pass1 s f> z we are conc]n$1 2 we are body ens\l$1 & s\l embodi$1 ourselves1 nor is x possible = u to ?9k s]i\sly ( any?+ s unlike ourselves z to consi/ ei!r ( s\l )\t body1 or body )\t s\l4 ,unmatt]$ condition1 !re=e1 is z inconceivable by u z uncondition$ matt]2 & we mu/ hold t all body ) :i* we c be conceivably conc]n$ is m or less ens\l$1 & all s\l1 9 l mann]1 m or less embodi$4 ,/rike ei!r body or s\l--t is to say1 effect ei!r a physical or a m5tal *ange1 & ! h>monics ( ! o!r s\nd4 ,s long z body is m9d$ 9 a c]ta9 way--s long1 t is to say1 z x feels1 kn[s1 rememb]s1 concludes1 & =eca/s "o set ( ?+s--x w be 9 "o =m2 if x assumes a new "o1 o!rwise ?an by ext]nal viol5ce1 no matt] h[ slight ! *ange may be1 x is only ?r\gh hav+ *ang$ its m9d1 ?r\gh hav+ =gott5 & di$ to "s tra9s ( ?\ght1 & hav+ be5 correspond+ly born anew by ! adoption ( new ones4 ,:at x w adopt dep5ds ^u :i* ( ! v>i\s c\rses op5 to x x consid]s mo/ to its advantage4 ,:at x w ?9k to its advantage dep5ds ma9ly on ! pa/ habits ( its race4 ,its pa/ & n[ invisible lives w influ5ce its desires m p[]fully ?an any?+ x may itself be able to add to ! sum ( its likes & dislikes2 nev]!less1 ov] & above preconceiv$ op9ion & ! habits to :i* all are slaves1 !re is a small sal>y1 or1 z x 71 ag5cy commission1 :i* ea* may h = himself1 & sp5d accord+ to 8 fancy2 f ?is1 inde$1 income-tax mu/ be d$uct$2 /ill !re rema9s a little m>g9 ( individual ta/e1 & "h1 high up on ?is n>r[1 inaccessible l$ge ( our s\ls1 f ye> to ye> a bre$ ( n unprolific v>iations build :]e reason _c rea* !m to despoil !m2 = de gu/ibus non e/ disput&um4 ,"h we are z f> z we c g4 ,fancy1 :i* sometimes sways s mu* & is sway$ by s little1 & :i* sometimes1 aga91 is s h>d to sway1 & moves s little :5 x is sway$2 ^: ways h a me?od ( _! own1 b are n z our ways--fancy1 lies on ! extreme bord]l& ( ! realm )9 :i* ! writs ( our ?\ghts run1 & ext5ds into t unse5 _w :]e9 !y h no jurisdiction4 ,fancy is z ! mi/ ^u ! horizon :i* bl5ds e>? & sky2 :]e1 h[ev]1 x approa*es ne>e/ to ! e>? & c be reckon$ )1 x is se5 z melt+ into desire1 & ?is z giv+ bir? to design & ef=t4 ,z ! net result & outcome ( ^! la/1 liv+ =ms gr[ gradually b p]si/5tly into physical con=mity ) _! own int5tions1 & become outw>d & visible signs ( ! inw>d & spiritual fai?s1 or wants ( fai?1 t h be5 mo/ )9 !m4 ,!y ?us v gradually1 b none ! less effectually1 design !mselves4 ,9 effect1 !re=e1 ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck introduce uni=mity into ! moral & spiritual worlds z x 0 already beg9n+ to be introduc$ into ! physical4 ,accord+ to bo? ^! writ]s developm5t has ev] be5 a matt] ( ! same en]gy1 ef=t1 good s5se1 & p]sev]ance1 z t5d to advancem5t ( life n[ among ourselves4 ,9 ess5ce x is nei!r m nor less ?an ?is1 z ! ra9-drop :i* d5ud$ an anci5t =mation is ( ! same k9d z t :i* is d5ud+ a mod]n "o1 ?\gh its effect may v>y 9 geometrical ratio ) ! effect x has produc$ already4 ,z we are ext5d+ reason to ! l[] animals1 s we mu/ ext5d a sy/em ( moral gov]nm5t by rew>ds & puni%m5ts no less surely2 & if we admit t to "s consid]able ext5t man is man1 & ma/] ( 8 fate1 we %\ld admit also t all organic =ms :i* are sav$ at all h be5 9 proportionate degree ma/]s ( _! fate too1 & h work$ out1 n only _! own salvation1 b _! salvation accord+1 9 no small measure1 to _! own goodwill & pleasure1 at times ) a light he>t1 & at times 9 fe> & trembl+4 ,i d n say t ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck saw all ! =ego+ z cle>ly z x is easy to see x n[2 :at ,i h said1 h[ev]1 is only ! natural developm5t ( _! sy/em4 ,*apt] ,,vi ,/atem5t ( ! ,"q at ,issue 7cont9u$7 ,,s mu* = ! old] view2 & n[ = ! m mod]n op9ion4 ,accord+ to ,messrs4 ,d>w9 & ,wallace1 & o/5sibly1 ,i am afraid ,i %\ld add1 a great majority ( our mo/ prom95t biologi/s1 ! view tak5 by ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck is n a s\nd "o4 ,"s organisms1 inde$1 are s admirably adapt$ to _! surr\nd+s1 & "s organs dis*>ge _! functions ) s mu* appe>ance ( provision1 t we are apt to ?9k !y mu/ owe _! developm5t to s5se ( ne$ & consequ5t contrivance1 b ?is op9ion is fanta/ic2 ! appe>ance ( design is delusive2 :at we are tempt$ to see z an accumulat$ outcome ( desire & cunn+1 we %\ld reg>d z ma9ly an accumulat$ outcome ( good luck4 ,let u take ! eye z a some:at crucial example4 ,x is a see+-ma*9e1 or ?+ to see )4 ,s is a telescope2 ! telescope 9 its highe/ developm5t is a secul> accumulation ( cunn+1 sometimes small1 sometimes great2 sometimes appli$ to ?is detail ( ! in/rum5t1 & sometimes to t4 ,x is an admirable example ( design2 nev]!less1 z ,i said 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new10 he :o made ! fir/ rude telescope _h probably no idea ( any m p]fect =m ( ! in/rum5t ?an ! "o he _h himself inv5t$4 ,inde$1 if he _h1 he w\ld h c>ri$ 8 idea out 9 practice4 ,he w\ld h be5 unable to conceive su* an in/rum5t z ,"l ,rosse's2 ! design1 !re=e1 at pres5t evid5c$ by ! telescope 0 n design all on ! "p ( "o & ! same p]son4 ,nor yet 0 x unmix$ ) *ance2 _m a detail has be5 d\btless due to an accid5t or co9cid5ce :i* 0 =?) seiz$ & made ! be/ (4 ,luck !re always has be5 & always w be1 until all bra9s are op5$1 & all connections made kn[n1 b luck turn$ to acc\nt becomes design2 !re is1 inde$1 if ?+s are driv5 home1 little o!r design ?an ?is4 ,! telescope1 !re=e1 is an in/rum5t design$ 9 all its p>ts = ! purpose ( see+1 &1 take x all r\nd1 design$ ) s+ul> skill4 ,look+ at ! eye1 we are at fir/ tempt$ to ?9k t x mu/ be ! telescope ov] aga91 only m s2 we are tempt$ to see x z some?+ :i* has gr[n up little by little f small beg9n+s1 z ! result ( ef=t well appli$ & h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 till1 9 ! va/ly great] "t dur+ :i* ! eye has be5 develop+ z comp>$ ) ! telescope1 a va/ly m a/oni%+ result has be5 arriv$ at4 ,we may inde$ be tempt$ to ?9k ?is1 b1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,d>w91 we %\ld be wrong4 ,design _h a great deal to d ) ! telescope1 b x _h no?+ or h>dly any?+ :atev] to d ) ! eye4 ,! telescope owes its developm5t to cunn+1 ! eye to luck1 :i*1 x w\ld seem1 is s f> m cunn+ ?an cunn+ t "o does n q und]/& :y !re %\ld be any cunn+ at all4 ,! ma9 means ( develop+ ! eye 01 accord+ to ,mr4 ,d>w91 n use z v>y+ circum/ances might direct ) consequ5t sl[ increase ( p[] & an occasional happy flight ( g5ius1 b natural selection4 ,natural selection1 accord+ to him1 ?\gh n ! sole1 is /ill ! mo/ important means ( its developm5t & modification4 #ha;a ,:at1 !n1 is natural selection8 ,mr4 ,d>w9 has told u ?is on ! title-page ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,he !re def9es x z 8,! ,pres]vation ( ,fav\r$ ,races20 8,fav\r$0 is 8,=tunate10 & 8,=tunate0 8,lucky20 x is pla91 !re=e1 t ) ,mr4 ,d>w9 natural selection comes to 8,! ,pres]vation ( ,lucky ,races10 & t he reg>d$ luck z ! mo/ important feature 9 connection ) ! developm5t ev5 ( s app>5tly purposive an organ z ! eye1 & z ! "o1 !re=e1 on :i* x 0 mo/ prop] to insi/4 ,& :at is luck b abs5ce ( int5tion or design8 ,:at1 !n1 c ,mr4 ,d>w9's title-page am\nt to :5 writt5 out pla9ly1 b to an ass]tion t ! ma9 means ( modification has be5 ! pres]vation ( races ^: v>iations h be5 un9t5tional1 t is to say1 n connect$ ) ef=t or int5tion1 devoid ( m9d or mean+1 =tuit\s1 spontane\s1 accid5tal1 or :atev] k9dr$ ^w is lea/ disagreeable to ! read]8 ,x is impossible to conceive any m complete d5ial ( m9d z hav+ _h any?+ to d ) organic developm5t1 ?an is involv$ 9 ! title-page ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 :5 its d\btless c>efully consid]$ words are /udi$--nor1 let me add1 is x possible to conceive a title-page m likely to make ! read]'s att5tion re/ mu* on ! ma9 doctr9e ( evolution1 & little1 to use ! words n[ mo/ 9 vogue conc]n+ x1 on ,mr4 ,d>w9's own 8di/9ctive feature40 ,x %\ld be rememb]$ t ! full title ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 is1 8,on ! orig9 ( species by means ( natural selection1 or ! pres]vation ( fav\r$ races 9 ! /ruggle = life40 ,! significance ( ! expansion ( ! title escap$ ! great] numb] ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's read]s4 ,p]haps x ought n to h done s1 b we c]ta9ly fail$ to cat* x4 ,! v words !mselves escap$ u--& yet !re !y 7 all ! "t if we _h only *os5 to look4 ,we ?\ght ! book 0 call$ 8,on ! ,orig9 ( ,species10 & s x 0 on ! outside2 s x 0 also on ! inside fly-leaf2 s x 0 on ! title-page itself z long z ! mo/ prom95t type 0 us$2 ! exp&$ title 0 only giv5 once1 & !n 9 small] type2 s ! ?ree big 8,orig9s ( ,species0 c>ri$ u ) !m to ! exclusion ( ! re/4 ,! %ort & work+ title1 8,on ! ,orig9 ( ,species10 9 effect claims desc5t ) modification g5]ally2 ! exp&$ & te*nically true title only claims ! discov]y t luck is ! ma9 means ( organic modification1 & ?is is a v diff]5t matt]4 ,! book ought to h be5 entitl$1 8,on ,natural ,selection1 or ! pres]vation ( fav\r$ races 9 ! /ruggle = life1 z ! ma9 means ( ! orig9 ( species20 ?is %\ld h be5 ! exp&$ title1 & ! %ort title %\ld h be5 8,on ,natural ,selection40 ,! title w\ld n !n h involv$ an important diff]5ce betwe5 its work+ & its te*nical =ms1 & x w\ld h bett] fulfill$ ! object ( a title1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 to give1 z f> z may be1 ! ess5ce ( a book 9 a nut%ell4 ,we le>n on ! au?ority ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 himself #hc;a t ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 0 orig9ally int5d$ to be> ! title 8,natural ,selection20 nor is x easy to see :y ! *ange %\ld h be5 made if an accurate expression ( ! cont5ts ( ! book 0 ! only ?+ :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 consid]+4 ,x is curi\s t1 writ+ ! lat] *apt]s ( 8,life & ,habit0 9 great ha/e1 ,i %\ld h accid5tally ref]r$ to ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 z 8,natural ,selection20 x seems h>d to believe t !re 0 no int5tion 9 my ?us unconsci\sly rev]t+ to ,mr4 ,d>w9's own orig9al title1 b !re c]ta9ly 0 none1 & ,i did n !n "k :at ! orig9al title _h be54 ,if we _h scrut9is$ ,mr4 ,d>w9's title-page z closely z we %\ld c]ta9ly scrut9ise any?+ writt5 by ,mr4 ,d>w9 n[1 we %\ld h se5 t ! title did n te*nically claim ! !ory ( desc5t2 practically1 h[ev]1 x s turn$ out t we unhesitat+ly gave t !ory to ! au?or1 be+1 z ,i h said1 c>ri$ away by ! ?ree l>ge 8,orig9s ( ,species0 7:i* we und]/ood z mu* ! same ?+ z desc5t ) modification71 & f9d+1 z ,i %all %[ 9 a lat] *apt]1 t desc5t 0 ubiquit\sly claim$ ?r\gh\t ! "w1 ei!r expressly or by implication1 z ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory4 ,x is n easy to see h[ any "o ) ord9>y in/9cts c\ld hesitate to believe t ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 entitl$ to claim :at he claim$ ) s mu* insi/ance4 ,if ars e/ cel>e artem ,mr4 ,d>w9 mu/ be all[$ to h be5 a consummate arti/1 = x took u ye>s to und]/& ! ins & outs ( :at _h be5 done4 ,i may say 9 pass+ t we nev] see ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 spok5 ( z 8,on ! ,orig9 ( ,species1 c410 or z 8,! ,orig9 ( ,species1 c40 7! ^w 8on0 be+ dropp$ 9 ! late/ editions74 ,! di/9ctive feature ( ! book lies1 accord+ to its admir]s1 9 ! 8c410 b !y nev] give x4 ,to avoid p$antry ,i %all cont9ue to speak ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,at any rate x w be admitt$ t ,mr4 ,d>w9 did n make 8 title-page express 8 mean+ s cle>ly t 8 read]s c\ld readily cat* ! po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 himself & 8 gr&fa!r & ,lam>ck2 nev]!less ! po9t j t\*$ ^u involves ! only ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! sy/ems ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9 & ^? ( 8 ?ree mo/ important pr$ecessors4 ,all f\r writ]s agree t animals & plants desc5d ) modification2 all agree t ! fitte/ alone survive2 all agree ab\t ! important consequ5ces ( ! geometrical ratio ( increase2 ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9 has said m ab\t ^! la/ two po9ts ?an 8 pr$ecessors did1 b all ?ree 7 alike cognisant ( ! facts & atta*$ ! same importance to !m1 & w\ld h be5 a/oni%$ at its be+ suppos$ possible t !y disput$ !m4 ,! fitte/ alone survive2 yes--b ! fitte/ f among :at8 ,"h comes ! po9t ( div]g5ce2 ! fitte/ f among organisms ^: v>iations arise ma9ly ?r\gh use & disuse8 ,9 o!r words1 f v>iations t are ma9ly functional8 ,or f among organisms ^: v>iations are 9 ! ma9 matt]s ( luck8 ,f v>iations into :i* a moral & intellectual sy/em ( paym5t accord+ to results has l>gely ent]$8 ,or f v>iations :i* h be5 ?r[n = ) dice8 ,f v>iations among :i*1 ?\gh c>ds tell1 yet play tells z mu* or m8 ,or f ^? 9 :i* c>ds are ev]y?+ & play goes = s little z to be n wor? tak+ into acc\nt8 ,is 8! survival ( ! fitte/0 to be tak5 z mean+ 8! survival ( ! luckie/0 or 8! survival ( ^? :o "k be/ h[ to turn =tune to acc\nt08 ,is luck ! only elem5t ( fitness1 or is n cunn+ ev5 m indisp5sable8 ,mr4 ,d>w9 has a habit1 borr[$1 p]haps1 mutatis mut&is1 f ! fram]s ( our collects1 ( e n[ & !n add+ ! words 8?r\gh natural selection10 z ?\gh ?is squ>$ ev]y?+1 & desc5t ) modification ?us became 8 !ory at once4 ,?is is n ! case4 ,buffon1 ,erasmus ,d>w91 & ,lam>ck believ$ 9 natural selection to ! full z mu* z any foll[] ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9 c d4 ,!y did n use ! actual words1 b ! idea und]ly+ !m is ! ess5ce ( _! sy/em4 ,mr4 ,patrick ,mat!w epitomis$ _! doctr9e m t]sely1 p]haps1 ?an 0 done by any o!r ( ! pre-,*>les-,d>w9ian evolutioni/s1 9 ! foll[+ passage :i* appe>$ 9 #ahca1 & :i* ,i h already quot$ 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new0 7pp4 #cbj1 #cbc74 ,! passage runs3-- 8,! self-regulat+ adaptive disposition ( organis$ life may1 9 "p1 be trac$ to ! extreme fecundity ( nature1 :o1 z be=e /at$1 has 9 all ! v>ieties ( h] (fspr+ a prolific p[] mu* beyond 79 _m cases a ?\s&fold7 :at is necess>y to fill up ! vacancies caus$ by s5ile decay4 ,z ! field ( exi/5ce is limit$ & preoccupi$1 x is only ! h>di]1 m robu/1 bett] suit$ to circum/ance individuals1 :o are able to /ruggle =w>d to maturity1 ^! inhabit+ only ! situations to :i* !y h sup]ior adaptation & great] p[] ( occupancy ?an any o!r k9d2 ! weak] & less circum/ance-suit$ be+ prematurely de/roy$4 ,?is pr9ciple is 9 con/ant action2 x regulates ! col\r1 ! figure1 ! capacities1 & in/9cts2 ^? individuals 9 ea* species ^: col\r & cov]+ are be/ suit$ to concealm5t or protection f enemies1 or def5ce f inclem5cies or vicissitudes ( climate1 ^: figure is be/ accommodat$ to heal?1 /r5g?1 def5ce1 & support2 ^: capacities & in/9cts c be/ regulate ! physical en]gies to self-advantage accord+ to circum/ances--9 su* imm5se wa/e ( prim>y & y\?ful life ^? only come =w>d to maturity f ! /rict ordeal by :i* nature te/s _! adaptation to h] /&>d ( p]fection & fitness to cont9ue _! k9d by reproduction40 #hf;a ,a little l[] d[n ,mr4 ,mat!w speaks ( animals "u dome/ication 8n hav+ und]gone selection by ! law ( nature1 ( :i* we h spok51 & h5ce be+ unable to ma9ta9 _! gr\nd )\t culture & protection40 ,! di/9ction betwe5 ,d>w9ism & ,neo-,d>w9ism is g5]ally believ$ to lie 9 ! adoption ( a !ory ( natural selection by ! y\ng] ,d>w9 & its non-adoption by ! eld]4 ,?is is true 9 s f> z t ! eld] ,d>w9 does n use ! words 8natural selection10 :ile ! y\ng] does1 b x is n true o!rwise4 ,bo? writ]s agree t (fspr+ t5ds to inh]it modifications t h be5 effect$1 f :atev] cause1 9 p>5ts2 bo? hold t ! be/ adapt$ to _! surr\nd+s live longe/ & leave mo/ (fspr+2 bo?1 !re=e1 hold t fav\rable modifications w t5d to be pres]v$ & int5sifi$ 9 ! c\rse ( _m g5]ations1 & t ?is leads to div]g5ce ( type2 b ^! op9ions involve a !ory ( natural selection or quasi-selection1 :e!r ! words 8natural selection0 are us$ or n2 inde$ x is impossible to include wild species 9 any !ory ( desc5t ) modification )\t imply+ a quasi-selective p[] on ! "p ( nature2 b ev5 ) ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9 ! p[] is only quasi-selective2 !re is no consci\s *oice1 & h5ce !re is no?+ t c 9 /rictness be call$ selection4 ,x is inde$ true t ! y\ng] ,d>w9 gave ! words 8natural selection0 ! importance :i* ( late ye>s !y h assum$2 he probably adopt$ !m unconsci\sly f ! passage ( ,mr4 ,mat!w's quot$ above1 b he ultimately said1 #hg;a 8,9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! ^w 7sic7 no d\bt natural selection is a false t]m10 z p]sonify+ a fact1 mak+ x ex]cise ! consci\s *oice )\t :i* !re c be no selection1 & g5]ally cr$it+ x ) ! dis*>ge ( functions :i* c only be ascrib$ legitimately to liv+ & reason+ be+s4 ,grant$1 h[ev]1 t :ile ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9 adopt$ ! expression natural selection & admitt$ x to be a bad "o1 8 gr&fa!r did n use x at all2 /ill ,mr4 ,d>w9 did n mean ! natural selection :i* ,mr4 ,mat!w & ^? ^: op9ions he 0 epitomis+ meant4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 meant ! selection to be made f v>iations into :i* purpose ent]s to only a small ext5t comp>atively4 ,! diff]5ce1 !re=e1 betwe5 ! old] evolutioni/s & _! successor does n lie 9 ! acceptance by ! m rec5t writ] ( a quasi-selective p[] 9 nature :i* 8 pr$ecessors d5i$1 b 9 ! backgr\nd--hidd5 beh9d ! words natural selection1 :i* h s]v$ to cloak x--9 ! views :i* ! old & ! new writ]s sev]ally took ( ! v>iations f among :i* !y are alike agre$ t a selection or quasi-selection is made4 ,x n[ appe>s t !re is n "o natural selection1 & "o survival ( ! fitte/ only1 b two natural selections1 & two survivals ( ! fitte/1 ! "o ( :i* may be object$ to z an expression m fit = religi\s & g5]al lit]ature ?an = sci5ce1 b may /ill be admitt$ z s\nd 9 int5tion1 :ile ! o!r1 inasmu* z x supposes accid5t to be ! ma9 purveyor ( v>iations1 has no correspond5ce ) ! actual c\rse ( ?+s2 = if ! v>iations are matt]s ( *ance or haz>d unconnect$ ) any pr9ciple ( con/ant application1 !y w n occur /eadily en\gh1 ?r\gh\t a suffici5t numb] ( successive g5]ations1 nor to a suffici5t numb] ( individuals = _m g5]ations toge!r at ! same "t & place1 to admit ( ! fix+ & p]man5cy ( modification at all4 ,! "o !ory ( natural selection1 !re=e1 may1 & inde$ w1 expla9 ! facts t surr\nd u1 :]eas ! o!r w n4 ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9's contribution to ! !ory ( evolution 0 n1 z is commonly suppos$1 8natural selection10 b ! hypo!sis t natural selection f v>iations t are 9 ! ma9 =tuit\s c\ld accumulate & result 9 specific & g5]ic diff]5ces4 ,9 ! =ego+ p>agraph ,i h giv5 ! po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9 & 8 pr$ecessors4 ,:y1 ,i wond]1 h nei!r he nor any ( 8 expon5ts put ?is diff]5ce be=e u 9 su* pla9 words t we %\ld readily appreh5d x8 ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck 7 und]/ood by all :o wi%$ to und]/& !m2 :y is x t ! misund]/&+ ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8di/9ctive feature0 %\ld h be5 s long & ob/9ate8 ,:y is x t1 no matt] h[ mu* writ]s l ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 & ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] may say ab\t 8,mr4 ,d>w9's ma/]-key10 nor h[ _m m l hyp]boles !y br&i%1 !y nev] put a succ9ct rsum ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory side by side ) a simil> rsum ( 8 gr&fa!r's & ,lam>ck's8 ,nei!r ,mr4 ,d>w9 himself1 n any ( ^? to ^: advocacy 8 reputation is ma9ly due1 h done ?is4 ,pr(essor ,huxley is ! man ( all o!rs :o foi/$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 mo/ ^u u1 b 9 8 fam\s lecture on ! com+ ( age ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 he did n expla9 to 8 he>]s :]e9 ! ,neo-,d>w9ian !ory ( evolution diff]$ f ! old2 & :y n8 ,surely1 because no soon] is ?is made cle> ?an we p]ceive t ! idea und]ly+ ! old evolutioni/s is m 9 accord ) in/9ctive feel+s t we h *]i%$ too long to be able n[ to disreg>d !m ?an ! c5tral idea :i* und]lies ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,:at %\ld we ?9k ( "o :o ma9ta9$ t ! /eam-eng9e & telescope 7 n develop$ ma9ly ?r\gh design & ef=t 7lett+ ! indisputably exi/+ elem5t ( luck g )\t say+71 b to ! fact t if any telescope or /eam-eng9e 8happ5$ to be made ev] su* a little m conv5i5tly = man's purposes ?an ano!r10 c41 c48 ,let u suppose a notori\s burgl> f\nd 9 possession ( a jemmy2 x is admitt$ on all h&s t he w use x z soon z he gets a *ance2 !re is no d\bt ab\t ?is2 h[ p]v]t$ %\ld we n consid] ! +5uity ( "o :o tri$ to p]suade u we 7 wrong 9 ?9k+ t ! burgl> compass$ ! possession ( ! jemmy by means involv+ ideas1 h[ev] vague 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 ( apply+ x to its subsequ5t function4 ,if any "o c\ld be f\nd s bl9d to obvi\s inf]5ces z to accept natural selection1 8or ! pres]vation ( fav\r$ ma*9es10 z ! ma9 means ( me*anical modification1 we might suppose him to argue mu* z foll[s3--8,i c q und]/&10 he w\ld exclaim1 8h[ any "o :o reflects ^u ! orig9ally simple =m ( ! e>lie/ jemmies1 & obs]ves ! developm5ts !y h s9ce atta9$ 9 ! h&s ( our mo/ accompli%$ h\sebreak]s1 might at fir/ be tempt$ to believe t ! pres5t =m ( ! in/rum5t has be5 arriv$ at by long-cont9u$ improvem5t 9 ! h&s ( an almo/ inf9ite succession ( ?ieves2 b may n ?is inf]5ce be some:at too ha/ily drawn8 ,h we any "r to assume t burgl>s "w by means analog\s to ^? employ$ by o!r p8 ,if any ?ief happ5$ to pick up any cr[b> :i* happ5$ to be ev] su* a little bett] suit$ to 8 purpose ?an ! "o he _h be5 9 ! habit ( us+ hi!rto1 he w\ld at once seize & c>efully pres]ve x4 ,if x got worn out or brok5 he w\ld beg9 se>*+ = a cr[b> z l z possible to ! "o t he _h lo/2 & :51 ) advanc+ skill1 & 9 default ( be+ able to f9d ! exact ?+ he want$1 he took at l5g? to mak+ a jemmy = himself1 he w\ld imitate ! late/ & mo/ p]fect adaptation1 :i* w\ld ?us be mo/ likely to be pres]v$ 9 ! /ruggle ( competitive =ms4 ,let ?is process g on = c\ntless g5]ations1 among c\ntless burgl>s ( all nations1 & may we n suppose t a jemmy w\ld be 9 "t arriv$ at1 z sup]ior to any t c\ld h be5 design$ z ! effect ( ! ,niag>a ,falls is sup]ior to ! puny ef=ts ( ! l&scape g>d5]80 ,= ! mom5t ,i w pass ov] ! obvi\s retort t !re is no suffici5t p>allelism betwe5 bodily organs & me*anical inv5tions to make a d5ial ( design 9 ! "o involve 9 equity a d5ial ( x 9 ! o!r also1 & t !re=e ! prec$+ p>agraph has no =ce4 ,a man is n b\nd to d5y design 9 ma*9es :]e9 x c be cle>ly se5 because he d5ies x 9 liv+ organs :]e at be/ x is a matt] ( inf]5ce4 ,?is retort is plausible1 b 9 ! c\rse ( ! two next foll[+ *apt]s b "o x w be %[n to be )\t =ce2 = ! mom5t1 h[ev]1 beyond ?us call+ att5tion to x1 ,i mu/ pass x by4 ,i d n mean to say t ,mr4 ,d>w9 ev] wrote any?+ :i* made ! utility ( 8 cont5tion z app>5t z x is made by :at ,i h above put into ! m\? ( 8 suppos$ foll[]4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 ! ,glad/one ( biology1 & s old a sci5tific h& 0 n go+ to make ?+s unnecess>ily cle> unless x suit$ 8 conv5i5ce4 ,!n1 inde$1 he 0 l ! man 9 8,! ,hunt+ ( ! ,sn>k10 :o said1 8,i told y once1 ,i told y twice1 :at ,i tell y ?ree times is true40 ,t :at ,i h suppos$ said1 h[ev]1 above ab\t ! jemmy is no exagg]ation ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's attitude z reg>ds design 9 organism w appe> f ! passage ab\t ! eye already ref]r$ to1 :i* x may p]haps be z well to quote 9 full4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 says3-- 8,x is sc>cely possible to avoid comp>+ ! eye to a telescope4 ,we "k t ?is in/rum5t has be5 p]fect$ by ! long-cont9u$ ef=ts ( ! highe/ human intellects1 & we naturally inf] t ! eye has be5 =m$ by a some:at analog\s process4 ,b may n ?is inf]5ce be presumptu\s8 ,h we any "r to assume t ! ,creator works by intellectual p[]s l ^? ( m58 ,if we mu/ comp>e ! eye to an optical in/rum5t1 we ought 9 imag9ation to take a ?ick lay] ( transp>5t tissue1 ) a n]ve s5sitive to light b5ea?1 & !n suppose e "p ( ?is lay] to be cont9ually *ang+ sl[ly 9 d5sity1 s z to sep>ate into lay]s ( diff]5t d5sities & ?icknesses1 plac$ at diff]5t di/ances f ea* o!r1 & ) ! surfaces ( ea* lay] sl[ly *ang+ 9 =m4 ,fur!r1 we mu/ suppose t !re is a p[] always int5tly wat*+ ea* slight accid5tal alt]ation 9 ! transp>5t lay]s1 & c>efully select+ ea* alt]ation :i*1 "u v>i$ circum/ances1 may 9 any way1 or 9 any degree1 t5d to produce a di/9ct] image4 ,we mu/ suppose ea* new /ate ( ! in/rum5t to be multipli$ by ! million1 & ea* to be pres]v$ till a bett] be produc$1 & !n ! old ones to be de/roy$4 ,9 liv+ bodies v>iation w cause ! slight alt]ations1 g5]ation w multiply !m almo/ inf9itely1 & natural selection w pick out ) un]r+ skill ea* improvem5t4 ,let ?is process g on = millions on millions ( ye>s1 & dur+ ea* ye> on millions ( individuals ( _m k9ds2 & may we n believe t a liv+ optical in/rum5t might ?us be =m$ z sup]ior to "o ( glass z ! works ( ! ,creator are to ^? ( man80 #ib;a ,mr4 ,d>w9 does n 9 ?is passage d5y design1 or cunn+1 po9t blank2 he 0 n giv5 to d5y+ ?+s po9t blank1 nor is x imm$iately app>5t t he is d5y+ design at all1 = he does n emphasize & call att5tion to ! fact t ! v>iations on ^: accumulation he relies = 8 ultimate specific diff]5ce are accid5tal1 &1 to use 8 own words1 9 ! passage la/ quot$1 caus$ by v>iation4 ,he does1 inde$1 9 8 e>li] editions1 call ! v>iations 8accid5tal10 & accid5tal !y rema9$ = t5 ye>s1 b 9 #ahfi ! ^w 8accid5tal0 0 tak5 out4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 probably felt t ! v>iations _h be5 accid5tal z long z 0 desirable2 & ?\gh !y w\ld1 ( c\rse1 9 reality rema9 z accid5tal z ev]1 /ill1 !re c\ld be no use 9 cry+ 8accid5tal v>iations0 fur!r4 ,if ! read] wants to "k :e!r !y 7 accid5tal or no1 he _h bett] f9d out = himself4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 a ma/] ( :at may be call$ sci5tific *i>oscuro1 & owes 8 reputation 9 no small measure to ! judgm5t ) :i* he kept 8 mean+ d>k :5 a less practis$ h& w\ld h ?r[n light ^u x4 ,!re c1 h[ev]1 be no "q t ,mr4 ,d>w91 ?\gh n d5y+ purposiv5ess po9t blank1 0 try+ to ref] ! developm5t ( ! eye to ! accumulation ( small accid5tal improvem5ts1 :i* 7 n z a rule due to ef=t & design 9 any way analog\s to ^? att5dant on ! developm5t ( ! telescope4 ,?\gh ,mr4 ,d>w91 if he 0 to h any po9t ( diff]5ce f 8 gr&fa!r1 0 b\nd to make 8 v>iations accid5tal1 yet1 to d him ju/ice1 he did n l x4 ,ev5 9 ! e>li] editions ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 :]e ! 8alt]ations0 9 ! passage la/ quot$ are call$ 8accid5tal0 9 express t]ms1 ! ^w does n fall1 s to speak1 on a /rong beat ( ! b>1 & is apt to pass unnotic$4 ,besides1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 does n say po9t blank 8we may believe10 or 8we ought to believe20 he only says 8may we n believe80 ,! read] %\ld always be on 8 gu>d :5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 asks "o ( ^! bl& & *ild-l que/ions1 & he is fond ( ask+ !m2 b1 h[ev] ?is may be1 x is pla91 z ,i po9t$ out 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new0 #ic;a t ! only 8skill10 t is to say ! only ?+ t c possibly involve design1 is 8! un]r+ skill0 ( natural selection4 ,9 ! same p>agraph ,mr4 ,d>w9 has already said3 8,fur!r1 we mu/ suppose t !re is a p[] repres5t$ by natural selection or ! survival ( ! fitte/ always int5tly wat*+ ea* slight alt]ation1 c40 ,mr4 ,d>w9 probably said 8a p[] repres5t$ by natural selection0 in/ead ( 8natural selection0 only1 because he saw t to talk too frequ5tly ab\t ! fact t ! mo/ lucky live longe/ z 8int5tly wat*+0 some?+ 0 great] nons5se ?an x w\ld be prud5t ev5 = him to write1 s he fogg$ x by mak+ ! int5t wat*+ done by 8a p[] repres5t$ by0 a fact1 in/ead ( by ! fact itself4 ,z ! s5t5ce /&s x is j z great nons5se z x w\ld h be5 if 8! survival ( ! fitte/0 _h be5 all[$ to d ! wat*+ in/ead ( 8! p[] repres5t$ by0 ! survival ( ! fitte/1 b ! nons5se is h>d] to dig up1 & ! read] is m likely to pass x ov]4 ,?is passage gave ,mr4 ,d>w9 no less tr\ble ?an x mu/ h giv5 to _m ( 8 read]s4 ,9 ! orig9al edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 x /ood1 8,fur!r1 we mu/ suppose t !re is a p[] always int5tly wat*+ ea* slight accid5tal v>iation40 ,i suppose x 0 felt t if ?is 0 all[$ to /&1 x might be fairly ask$ :at natural selection 0 do+ all ?is "t8 ,if ! p[] 0 able to d ev]y?+ t 0 necess>y n[1 :y n always8 & :y any natural selection at all8 ,?is cle>ly w\ld n d1 s 9 #ahfa ! p[] 0 all[$1 by ! help ( brackets1 actually to become natural selection1 & rema9$ s till #ahfi1 :5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 c\ld /& x no long]1 &1 d\btless = ! reason giv5 above1 alt]$ ! passage to 8a p[] repres5t$ by natural selection10 at ! same "t cutt+ out ! ^w 8accid5tal40 ,x may p]haps make ! work+s ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's m9d cle>] to ! read] if ,i give ! v>i\s read+s ( ?is passage z tak5 f ! ?ree mo/ important editions ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,9 #ahei x /ood1 8,fur!r1 we mu/ suppose t !re is a p[] always int5tly wat*+ ea* slight accid5tal alt]ation10 c4 ,9 #ahfa x /ood1 8,fur!r1 we mu/ suppose t !re is a p[] 7natural selection7 always int5tly wat*+ ea* slight accid5tal alt]ation10 c4 ,& 9 #ahfi1 8,fur!r1 we mu/ suppose t !re is a p[] repres5t$ by natural selection or ! survival ( ! fitte/ always int5tly wat*+ ea* slight alt]ation10 c4 #id;a ,! hesitat+ feeble gait ( "o :o fe>s a pitfall at e /ep1 s easily recognisable 9 ! 8num]\s1 successive1 slight alt]ations0 9 ! =ego+ passage1 may be trac$ 9 _m ano!r page ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 by ^? :o w be at ! tr\ble ( comp>+ ! sev]al editions4 ,x is only :5 ?is is done1 & ! work+ ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's m9d c be se5 z ?\gh x 7 ! twit*+s ( a dog's nose1 t any idea c be =m$ ( ! difficulty 9 :i* he f\nd himself involv$ by 8 initial blund] ( ?9k+ he _h got a di/9ctive feature :i* entitl$ him to claim ! !ory ( evolution z an orig9al idea ( 8 own4 ,he f\nd 8 natural selection hang r\nd 8 neck l a mill/one4 ,!re is h>dly a page 9 ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 9 :i* traces ( ! /ruggle go+ on 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's m9d are n disc]nible1 ) a result alike exasp]at+ & pitiable4 ,i c only repeat :at ,i said 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new10 namely1 t ,i f9d ! task ( extract+ a well-def9$ mean+ out ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's words comp>able only to t ( try+ to act on ! advice ( a lawy] :o has obscur$ ! ma9 issue z mu* z he c1 & ^: *ief aim has be5 to leave z _m loopholes z possible = himself to escape by1 if ?+s %\ld g wrong h]eaft]4 ,or1 aga91 to t ( "o :o has to con/rue an ,act ( ,p>liam5t :i* 0 orig9ally drawn ) a view to ?r[+ z mu* du/ z possible 9 ! eyes ( ^? :o w\ld oppose ! measure1 & :i*1 hav+ be5 f\nd utt]ly unworkable 9 practice1 has _h clauses repeal$ up & d[n x till x is n[ 9 an inextricable tangle ( confusion & contradiction4 ,! m ,mr4 ,d>w9's "w is /udi$1 & m especially ! m 8 diff]5t editions are comp>$1 ! m impossible is x to avoid a suspicion ( arrire p5se z p]vad+ x :5ev] ! 8di/9ctive feature0 is on ! tapis4 ,x is "r to say1 h[ev]1 t no su* suspicion atta*es to ,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace1 ,mr4 ,d>w9's fell[ discov]] ( natural selection4 ,x is impossible to d\bt t ,mr4 ,wallace believ$ he _h made a real & important improvem5t ^u ! ,lam>ckian sy/em1 &1 z a natural consequ5ce1 unlike ,mr4 ,d>w91 he began by tell+ u :at ,lam>ck _h said4 ,he did n1 ,i admit1 say q all t ,i %\ld h be5 glad to h se5 him say1 nor use exactly ! words ,i %\ld myself h *os51 b he said en\gh to make x impossible to d\bt 8 good fai?1 & 8 desire t we %\ld und]/& t ) him1 z ) ,mr4 ,d>w91 v>iations are ma9ly accid5tal1 n functional4 ,?us1 9 8 memorable pap] communicat$ to ! ,l9nean ,society 9 #aheh he said1 9 a passage :i* ,i h quot$ 9 8,unconsci\s ,memory03 8,! hypo!sis ( ,lam>ck--t progressive *anges 9 species h be5 produc$ by ! attempts ( ! animals to increase ! developm5t ( _! own organs1 & ?us modify _! /ructures & habits--has be5 repeat$ly & easily refut$ by all writ]s on ! subject ( v>ieties & species2 4 4 4 b ! view "h develop$ r5d]s su* an hypo!sis q unnecess>y4 4 4 4 ,! p[]ful retractile talons ( ! falcon & cat tribes h n be5 produc$ or increas$ by ! volition ( ^? animals2 4 4 4 nei!r did ! giraffe acquire its long neck by desir+ to rea* ! foliage ( ! m l(ty %rubs1 & con/antly /ret*+ its neck = ?is purpose1 b because any v>ieties :i* occurr$ among its antitypes ) a long] neck ?an usual at once secur$ a fre% range ( pa/ure ov] ! same gr\nd z _! %ort]-neck$ companions1 & on ! fir/ sc>city ( food 7 ?us enabl$ to outlive !m0 7italics 9 orig9al74 #if;a 8,:i* occurr$0 is obvi\sly 8:i* happ5$ to occur1 by "s *ance or accid5t entirely unconnect$ ) use & disuse20 & ?\gh ! ^w 8accid5tal0 is nev] us$1 !re c be no d\bt ab\t ,mr4 ,wallace's desire to make ! read] cat* ! fact t ) him accid5t1 & n1 z ) ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck1 su/a9$ ef=t1 is ! ma9 purveyor ( ! v>iations ^: accumulation am\nts ultimately to specific diff]5ce4 ,x is a pity1 h[ev]1 t in/ead ( cont5t+ himself l a !ologian ) say+ t 8 oppon5t _h be5 refut$ ov] & ov] aga91 he did n ref] to any p>ticul> & tol]ably successful attempt to refute ! !ory t modifications 9 organic /ructure are ma9ly functional4 ,i am fairly well acqua9t$ ) ! lit]ature ( evolution1 & h nev] met ) any su* attempt4 ,b let ?is pass2 z ) ,mr4 ,d>w91 s ) ,mr4 ,wallace1 & s inde$ ) all :o accept ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9's natural selection z ! ma9 means ( modification1 ! c5tral idea is luck1 :ile ! c5tral idea ( ! ,erasmus-,d>w9ian sy/em is cunn+4 ,i h giv5 ! op9ions ( ^! cont5d+ p>ties 9 _! extreme developm5t2 b !y bo? admit abatem5ts :i* br+ !m some:at ne>] to "o ano!r4 ,design1 z ev5 its mo/ /r5u\s uphold]s w admit1 is a difficult ^w to deal )2 x is1 l all our ideas1 sub/antial en\gh until we try to grasp x--& !n1 l all our ideas1 x mock+ly eludes u2 x is l life or dea?--a rope ( _m /r&s2 !re is design )9 design1 & design )9 undesign2 !re is undesign )9 design 7z :5 a man %uffles c>ds design+ t !re %all be no design 9 _! arrangem5t71 & undesign )9 undesign2 :5 we speak ( cunn+ or design 9 connection ) organism we d n mean cunn+1 all cunn+1 & no?+ b cunn+1 s t !re %all be no place = luck2 we d n mean t consci\s att5tion & =e?\ght %all h be5 be/[$ ^u ! m9ute/ details ( action1 & no?+ be5 left to "w itself out dep>tm5tally accord+ to prec$5t1 or z x o!rwise be/ may accord+ to ! *apt] ( accid5ts4 ,s1 aga91 :5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 & 8 foll[]s d5y design & ef=t to h be5 ! ma9 purveyors ( ! v>iations ^: accumulation results 9 specific diff]5ce1 !y d n entirely exclude ! action ( use & disuse--& ?is at once op5s ! door = cunn+2 nev]!less1 accord+ to ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck1 ! human eye & ! long neck ( ! giraffe are alike due to ! accumulation ( v>iations t are ma9ly functional1 & h5ce practical2 accord+ to ,*>les ,d>w9 !y are alike due to ! accumulation ( v>iations t are accid5tal1 =tuit\s1 spontane\s1 t is to say1 ma9ly _c be r$uc$ to any kn[n g5]al pr9ciple4 ,accord+ to ,*>les ,d>w9 8! pres]vation ( fav\r$10 or lucky1 8races0 is by f> ! mo/ important means ( modification2 accord+ to ,erasmus ,d>w9 ef=t non sibi res s$ se rebus subjung]e is unque/ionably ! mo/ pot5t means2 r\ghly1 !re=e1 !re is no bett] or fair] way ( putt+ ! matt]1 ?an to say t ,*>les ,d>w9 is ! apo/le ( luck1 & 8 gr&fa!r1 & ,lam>ck1 ( cunn+4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ also t ! di/9ction betwe5 ! organism & its surr\nd+s--on :i* bo? sy/ems are f\nd$--is "o t _c be s univ]sally drawn z we f9d x conv5i5t to allege4 ,!re is a debatable gr\nd ( consid]able ext5t on :i* res & me1 ego & non ego1 luck & cunn+1 necessity & freewill1 meet & pass into "o ano!r z night & day1 or life & dea?4 ,no "o c draw a %>p l9e betwe5 ego & non ego1 nor inde$ any %>p l9e betwe5 any classes ( ph5om5a4 ,e "p ( ! ego is non ego qu organ or tool 9 use1 & mu* ( ! non ego runs up into ! ego & is insep>ably unit$ ) x2 /ill !re is en\gh t x is obvi\sly mo/ conv5i5t to call ego1 & en\gh t x is no less obvi\sly mo/ conv5i5t to call non ego1 z !re is en\gh obvi\s day & obvi\s night1 or obvi\s luck & obvi\s cunn+1 to make u ?9k x advisable to keep sep>ate acc\nts = ea*4 ,i w say m on ?is head 9 a foll[+ *apt]2 9 ?is pres5t "o my bus9ess %\ld be conf9$ to po9t+ out z cle>ly & succ9ctly z ,i c ! issue betwe5 ! two great ma9 cont5d+ op9ions conc]n+ organic developm5t t obta9 among ^? :o accept ! !ory ( desc5t at all2 nor d ,i believe t ?is c be done m effectually & accurately ?an by say+1 z above1 t ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9 7^: "n1 by ! way1 0 8,*>les ,rob]t10 & n1 z w\ld appe> f ! title-pages ( 8 books1 8,*>les0 only71 ,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace1 & _! support]s are ! apo/les ( luck1 :ile ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck1 foll[$1 m or less timidly1 by ! ,ge(froys & by ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 & v timidly inde$ by ! ,duke ( ,argyll1 prea* cunn+ z ! mo/ important means ( organic modification4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,note4--,x appe>s f 8,samuel ,butl]3 ,a ,memoir0 7,,ii1 #bi7 t ,butl] wrote to 8 fa!r 7,dec4 #ahhe7 ab\t a passage 9 ,horace 7ne> ! beg9n+ ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ! ,fir/ ,book7-- ,nunc 9 ,ari/ippi furtim praecepta relabor1 ,et mihi res1 non me rebus subjung]e conor4 ,on ! prec$+ page he is adapt+ ! second ( ^! two v]ses to 8 own purposes4--,h4 ,f4 ,j4 ,*apt] ,,vii 7,int]calat$7 ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s 8,! ,factors ( ,organic ,evolution0 ,,s9ce ! =ego+ & sev]al ( ! succe$+ *apt]s 7 writt51 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] has made 8 position at once m cle> & m widely und]/ood by 8 articles 8,! ,factors ( ,organic ,evolution0 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,april & ,may1 #ahhf4 ,! pres5t appe>s ! fitte/ place 9 :i* to int]calate rem>ks conc]n+ !m4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] asks :e!r ^? are "r :o reg>d ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9's !ory ( natural selection z by itself suffici5t to acc\nt = organic evolution4 8,on critically exam9+ ! evid5ce0 7mod]n writ]s nev] exam9e evid5ce1 !y always 8critically10 or 8c>efully10 or 8pati5tly10 exam9e x71 he writes1 8we %all f9d reason to ?9k t x by no means expla9s all t has to be expla9$4 ,omitt+ = ! pres5t any consid]ation ( a factor :i* may be consid]$ primordial1 x may be cont5d$ t "o ( ! factors alleg$ by ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck mu/ be recognis$ z a co-op]ator4 ,unless t increase ( a "p result+ f extra activity1 & t decrease ( x result+ f inactivity1 are transmissible to desc5dants1 we are )\t a key to _m ph5om5a ( organic evolution4 ,utt]ly inadequate to expla9 ! major "p ( ! facts z is ! hypo!sis ( ! inh]itance ( functionally produc$ modifications1 yet !re is a m9or "p ( ! facts v ext5sive ?\gh less1 :i* mu/ be ascrib$ to ?is cause40 7,italics m9e47 ,mr4 ,sp5c] does n "h say expressly t ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck consid]$ inh]itance ( functionally produc$ modifications to be ! sole explanation ( ! facts ( organic life2 mod]n writ]s on evolution = ! mo/ "p avoid say+ any?+ expressly2 ?is nev]!less is ! conclusion :i* ! read] naturally draws--& 0 d\btless int5d$ to draw--f ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s words4 ,he ga!rs t ^! writ]s put =w>d an 8utt]ly inadequate0 !ory1 :i* _c = a mom5t be ent]ta9$ 9 ! =m 9 :i* !y left x1 b :i*1 nev]!less1 conta9s contributions to ! =mation ( a j op9ion :i* ( late ye>s h be5 too mu* neglect$4 ,?is inf]5ce w\ld be1 z ,mr4 ,sp5c] ought to "k1 a mi/ak5 "o4 ,erasmus ,d>w91 :o 0 ! fir/ to dep5d ma9ly on functionally produc$ modifications1 attributes1 if n z mu* importance to v>iations induc$ ei!r by :at we mu/ call *ance1 or by causes hav+ no connection ) use & disuse1 z ,mr4 ,sp5c] does1 /ill s ne>ly z mu* t !re is little to *oose betwe5 !m4 ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s words %[ t he attributes1 if n half1 /ill n f> (f half ! modification t has actually be5 produc$1 to use & disuse4 ,erasmus ,d>w9 does n say :e!r he consid]s use & disuse to h br\ght ab\t m ?an half or less ?an half2 he only says t animal & vegetable modification is 89 "p produc$0 by ! ex]tions ( ! animals & vegetables !mselves2 ! impression ,i h d]iv$ is1 t j z ,mr4 ,sp5c] consid]s r less ?an half to be due to use & disuse1 s ,erasmus ,d>w9 consid]s decid$ly m ?an half--s mu* m1 9 fact1 ?an half z to make function unque/ionably ! factor mo/ prop] to be insi/$ on if only "o c be giv54 ,fur!r ?an ?is he did n g4 ,i w quote en\gh ( ,dr4 ,erasmus ,d>w9's own words to put 8 position beyond d\bt4 ,he writes3-- 8,?irdly1 :5 we enum]ate ! great *anges produc$ 9 ! species ( animals be=e _! nativity1 z1 = example1 :5 ! (fspr+ reproduces ! effects produc$ ^u ! p>5t by accid5t or culture1 or ! *anges produc$ by ! mixture ( species1 z 9 mules2 or ! *anges produc$ probably by exub]ance ( n\ri%m5t suppli$ to ! foetus1 z 9 mon/r\s bir?s ) additional limbs2 _m ( ^! enormities are propagat$ & cont9u$ z a v>iety at lea/1 if n z a new species ( animal4 ,i h se5 a bre$ ( cats ) an additional claw on e foot2 ( p\ltry also ) an additional claw & ) w+s to _! feet2 & ( o!rs )\t rumps4 ,mr4 ,buffon0 7:o1 by ! way1 surely1 0 no m 8,mr4 ,buffon0 ?an ,"l ,salisbury is 8,mr4 ,salisbury07 8m5tions a bre$ ( dogs )\t tails :i* are common at ,rome & ,naples--:i* he supposes to h be5 produc$ by a cu/om long e/abli%$ ( cutt+ _! tails close (f40 #ajb;a ,"h n "o ( ! causes ( v>iation adduc$ is connect$ ) use & disuse1 or ef=t1 volition1 & purpose2 ! mann]1 moreov]1 9 :i* !y are br\ght =w>d is n t ( "o :o %[s signs ( recalcitrancy ab\t admitt+ o!r causes ( modification z well z use & disuse2 inde$1 a little l[] d[n he almo/ appe>s to assign ! subord9ate place to functionally produc$ modifications1 = he says--8,fif?ly1 f _! fir/ rudim5ts or primordium to ! t]m9ation ( _! lives1 all animals und]go p]petual trans=mations2 :i* are 9 "p produc$ by _! own ex]tions 9 consequ5ce ( _! desires & av]sions1 ( _! pleasures & _! pa9s1 or ( irritations or ( associations2 & _m ( ^! acquir$ =ms or prop5sities are transmitt$ to _! po/]ity40 ,i h quot$ en\gh to %[ t ,dr4 ,erasmus ,d>w9 w\ld h prote/$ aga9/ ! supposition t functionally produc$ modifications 7 an adequate explanation ( all ! ph5om5a ( organic modification4 ,he decl>es accid5t & ! *ances & *anges ( ?is mortal life to be pot5t & frequ5t causes ( v>iations1 :i*1 be+ n infrequ5tly inh]it$1 result 9 ! =mation ( v>ieties & ev5 species1 b consid]s ^! causes if tak5 alone z no less insuffici5t to acc\nt = obs]vable facts ?an ! !ory ( functionally produc$ modifications w\ld be if n supplem5t$ by inh]itance ( s-call$ =tuit\s1 or spontane\s v>iations4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ,dr4 ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,mr4 ,sp5c] does n consi/ 9 ! d5ial by ! fir/1 t a v>iety :i* happ5s1 no matt] h[ accid5tally1 to h v>i$ 9 a way t enables x to comply m fully & readily ) ! conditions ( its exi/5ce1 is likely to live long] & leave m (fspr+ ?an "o less fav\r$2 nor 9 ! d5ial by ! second ( ! inh]itance & accumulation ( functionally produc$ modifications2 b 9 ! am\nt ( /ress :i* !y respectively lay on ! relative importance ( ! two great factors ( organic evolution1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* !y are alike ready to admit4 ,) ,erasmus ,d>w9 !re is inde$ luck1 & luck has _h a great deal to d ) organic modification1 b no am\nt ( luck w\ld h done unless cunn+ _h kn[n h[ to take advantage ( x2 :]eas if cunn+ be giv51 a v little luck at a "t w accumulate 9 ! c\rse ( ages & become a mighty heap4 ,cunn+1 !re=e1 is ! factor on :i*1 hav+ reg>d to ! usage ( language & ! necessity = simplify+ facts1 he ?9ks x mo/ prop] to insi/4 ,surely ?is is z ne> z may be ! op9ion :i* common cons5t ascribes to ,mr4 ,sp5c] himself4 ,x is c]ta9ly ! "o :i*1 9 support+ ,erasmus ,d>w9's sy/em z aga9/ 8 gr&son's1 ,i h always int5d$ to support4 ,) ,*>les ,d>w91 on ! o!r h&1 !re is inde$ cunn+1 ef=t1 & consequ5t use & disuse2 nor does he d5y t ^! h produc$ "s1 & sometimes ev5 an important1 effect 9 modify+ species1 b he assigns by f> ! mo/ important rle 9 ! :ole s*eme to natural selection1 :i*1 z ,i h already %[n1 mu/1 ) him1 be reg>d$ z a synonym = luck pure & simple4 ,?is1 = reasons well %[n by ,mr4 ,sp5c] 9 ! articles "u consid]ation1 is s unt5able t x seems only possible to acc\nt = its hav+ be5 advanc$ at all by suppos+ ,mr4 ,d>w9's judgm5t to h be5 p]v]t$ by "s "o or m ( ! _m causes t might t5d to w>p !m4 ,:at ! *ief ( ^? causes may h be5 ,i %all pres5tly po9t out4 ,buffon err$ r on ! side ( ignor+ functionally produc$ modifications ?an ( insi/+ on !m4 ,! ma9 ag5cy ) him is ! direct action ( ! environm5t ^u ! organism4 ,?is1 no d\bt1 is a flaw 9 ,buffon's immortal "w1 b x is "o :i* ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck easily correct$2 nor c we d\bt t ,buffon w\ld h readily accept$ _! am5dm5t if x _h be5 sugge/$ to him4 ,buffon did inf9itely m 9 ! way ( discov]+ & e/abli%+ ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification ?an any "o has ev] done ei!r be=e or s9ce4 ,he 0 too mu* occupi$ ) prov+ ! fact ( evolution at all1 to dwell z fully z might h be5 wi%$ ^u ! details ( ! process :]eby ! amba _h become man1 b we h already se5 t he reg>d$ inh]it$ mutilation z ! cause ( e/abli%+ a new bre$ ( dogs1 & ?is is at any rate n lay+ mu* /ress on functionally produc$ modifications4 ,aga91 :5 writ+ ( ! dog1 he speaks ( v>iations aris+ 8by "s *ance common en\gh ) nature10 #ajd;a & cle>ly does n contemplate function z ! sole cause ( modification4 ,practically1 ?\gh ,i grant ,i %\ld be less able to quote passages 9 support ( my op9ion ?an ,i q l1 ,i d n d\bt t 8 position 0 mu* ! same z t ( 8 successors1 ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck4 ,lam>ck is m vuln]able ?an ei!r ,erasmus ,d>w9 or ,buffon on ! score ( unwill+ness to assign its full %>e to m]e *ance1 b ,i d n = a mom5t believe 8 comp>ative retic5ce to h be5 caus$ by failure to see t ! *apt] ( accid5ts is a fateful "o4 ,he saw t ! cunn+ or functional side _h be5 too mu* lo/ sight (1 & !re=e insi/$ on x1 b he did n mean to say t !re is no su* ?+ z luck4 8,let u suppose10 he says1 8t a grass gr[+ 9 a l[-ly+ mead[1 gets c>ri$ by "s accid5t to ! br[ ( a neighb\r+ hill1 :]e ! soil is /ill damp en\gh = ! plant to be able to exi/40 #aje;a ,or aga9--8,) suffici5t "t1 fav\rable conditions ( life1 successive *anges 9 ! condition ( ! globe1 & ! p[] ( new surr\nd+s & habits to modify ! organs ( liv+ bodies1 all animal & vegetable =ms h be5 imp]ceptibly r5d]$ su* z we n[ see !m40 #aje;b ,:o c d\bt t accid5t is "h reg>d$ z a pot5t factor ( evolution1 z well z ! design t is involv$ 9 ! supposition t modification is1 9 ! ma91 functionally induc$8 ,aga9 he writes1 8,z reg>ds ! circum/ances t give rise to v>iation1 ! pr9cipal are climatic *anges1 diff]5t temp]atures ( any ( a creature's environm5ts1 diff]5ces ( abode1 ( habit1 ( ! mo/ frequ5t actions1 & la/ly ( ! means ( obta9+ food1 self-def5ce1 reproduction10 c4 #aje;c ,i w n dwell on ! small inconsi/5cies :i* may be f\nd 9 ! passages quot$ above2 ! read] w d\btless see !m1 & w also d\btless see t 9 spite ( !m !re c be no d\bt t ,lam>ck1 :ile believ+ modification to be effect$ ma9ly by ! survival 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce ( modifications :i* _h be5 induc$ functionally1 w\ld n h hesitat$ to admit ! survival ( fav\rable v>iations due to m]e accid5t z also a pot5t factor 9 induc+ ! results we see ar\nd u4 ,= ! re/1 ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s articles h reliev$ me f ! necessity ( go+ into ! evid5ce :i* proves t su* /ructures z a giraffe's neck1 = example1 _c possibly h be5 produc$ by ! accumulation ( v>iations :i* _h _! orig9 ma9ly 9 accid5t4 ,!re is no occasion to add any?+ to :at ,mr4 ,sp5c] has said on ?is score1 & ,i am satisfi$ t ^? :o d n f9d 8 argum5t conv9ce !m w\ld n be conv9c$ by any?+ ,i might say2 ,i %all1 !re=e1 omit :at ,i _h writt5 on ?is subject1 & conf9e myself to giv+ ! sub/ance ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s mo/ tell+ argum5t aga9/ ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory t accid5tal v>iations1 if fav\rable1 w\ld accumulate & result 9 seem+ly adaptive /ructures4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] well %[s t luck or *ance is insuffici5t z a motive-p[]1 or helm1 ( evolution2 b luck is only abs5ce ( design2 if1 !n1 abs5ce ( design is f\nd to fail1 x foll[s t !re mu/ h be5 design some:]e1 nor c ! design be m conv5i5tly plac$ ?an 9 association ) function4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] cont5ds t :]e life is s simple z to consi/ practically 9 ! dis*>ge ( only "o function1 or :]e circum/ances are su* t "s "o function is supremely important 7a /ate ( ?+s1 by ! way1 m easily f\nd 9 hypo!sis ?an 9 nature--at lea/ z cont9u+ )\t modification = _m successive seasons71 !n accid5tal v>iations1 if fav\rable1 w\ld inde$ accumulate & result 9 modification1 )\t ! aid ( ! transmission ( functionally produc$ modification4 ,?is is true2 x is also true1 h[ev]1 t only a v small numb] ( species 9 comp>ison ) ^? we see ar\nd u c\ld ?us arise1 & t we %\ld nev] h got plants & animals z embodim5ts ( ! two great fundam5tal pr9ciples on :i* x is alone possible t life c be conduct$1 #ajg;a & species ( plants & animals z embodim5ts ( ! details involv$ 9 c>ry+ out ^! two ma9 pr9ciples4 ,if ! e>lie/ organism c\ld h only v>i$ fav\rably 9 "o direction1 ! "o possible fav\rable accid5tal v>iation w\ld h accumulat$ s long z ! organism cont9u$ to exi/ at all1 inasmu* z ?is w\ld be pres]v$ :5ev] x happ5$ to occur1 :ile e o!r w\ld be lo/ 9 ! /ruggle ( competitive =ms2 b ev5 9 ! l[e/ =ms ( life !re is m ?an "o condition 9 respect ( :i* ! organism mu/ be suppos$ s5sitive1 & !re are z _m directions 9 :i* v>iations may be fav\rable z !re are conditions ( ! environm5t t affect ! organism4 ,we _c conceive ( a liv+ =m z hav+ a p[] ( adaptation limit$ to "o direction only2 ! ela/icity :i* admits ( a n be+ 8extreme to m>k t :i* is done amiss0 9 "o direction w commonly admit ( x 9 z _m directions z !re are possible fav\rable modes ( v>iation2 ! numb] ( ^!1 z has be5 j said1 dep5ds ^u ! numb] ( ! conditions ( ! environm5t t affect ! organism1 & ^! la/1 ?\gh 9 ! long run & ov] consid]able int]vals ( "t tol]ably con/ant1 are ov] %ort] int]vals liable to frequ5t & great *anges2 s t !re is no?+ 9 ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9's sy/em ( modification ?r\gh ! natural survival ( ! lucky1 to prev5t ga9 9 "o direction "o ye> f be+ lo/ irretrievably 9 ! next1 ?r\gh ! great] success ( "s 9 no way correlat$ v>iation1 ! =tunate possessors ( :i* alone survive4 ,?is1 9 its turn1 is z likely z n to disappe> %ortly ?r\gh ! aris+ ( "s difficulty 9 "s entirely new direction1 & s on2 nor1 if function be reg>d$ z ( small effect 9 det]m9+ organism1 is !re any?+ to ensure ei!r t1 ev5 if gr\nd be lo/ = a season or two 9 any "o direction1 x %all be recov]$ pres5tly on resumption by ! organism ( ! habits t call$ x into exi/5ce1 or t x %all appe> syn*ron\sly 9 a suffici5t numb] ( individuals to ensure its n be+ soon lo/ ?r\gh gamog5esis4 ,h[ is progress ev] to be made if races keep rev]s+1 ,p5elope-l1 9 "o g5]ation all t !y h be5 a*iev+ 9 ! prec$+8 ,& h[1 on ,mr4 ,d>w9's sy/em1 ( :i* ! accumulation ( /rokes ( luck is ! greatly prepond]at+ feature1 is a ho>d ev] to be got toge!r & cons]v$1 no matt] h[ (t5 luck may h ?r[n good ?+s 9 an organism's way8 ,luck1 or abs5ce ( design1 may be sometimes almo/ said to ?r[ good ?+s 9 our way1 or at any rate we may occasionally get m ?r\gh hav+ made no design ?an any design we %\ld h be5 likely to h =m$ w\ld h giv5 u2 b luck does n ho>d ^! good ?+s = our use & make our wills = u1 nor does x keep provid+ u ) ! same good gifts aga9 & aga91 & no matt] h[ (t5 we reject !m4 ,i _h bett]1 p]haps1 give ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s own words z quot$ by himself 9 8 article 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,april1 #ahhf4 ,he !re wrote z foll[s1 quot+ f #aff ( 8 8,pr9ciples ( ,biology10 :i* appe>$ 9 #ahfd3-- 8,:]e ! life is comp>atively simple1 or :]e surr\nd+ circum/ances r5d] "s "o function supremely important1 ! survival ( ! fitte/0 7:i* means "h ! survival ( ! luckie/7 8may readily br+ ab\t ! appropriate /ructural *ange1 )\t any aid f ! transmission ( functionally-acquir$ modifications0 7into :i* ef=t & design h ent]$74 8,b 9 proportion z ! life gr[s complex--9 proportion z a heal?y exi/5ce _c be secur$ by a l>ge end[m5t ( "s "o p[]1 b dem&s _m p[]s2 9 ! same proportion d !re arise ob/acles to ! increase ( any p>ticul> p[]1 by #8! pres]vation ( fav\r$ races 9 ! /ruggle = life'0 7t is to say1 ?r\gh m]e survival ( ! luckie/74 8,z fa/ z ! faculties are multipli$1 s fa/ does x become possible = ! sev]al memb]s ( a species to h v>i\s k9ds ( sup]iority ov] "o ano!r4 ,:ile "o saves its life by high] spe$1 ano!r does ! l by cle>] vision1 ano!r by ke5] sc5t1 ano!r by quick] he>+1 ano!r by great] /r5g?1 ano!r by unusual p[] ( endur+ cold or hung]1 ano!r by special sagacity1 ano!r by special timidity1 ano!r by special c\rage2 & o!rs by o!r bodily & m5tal attributes4 ,n[ x is unque/ionably true t1 o!r ?+s equal1 ea* ( ^! attributes1 giv+ its possessor an equal extra *ance ( life1 is likely to be transmitt$ to po/]ity4 ,b !re seems no reason to believe x w be increas$ 9 subsequ5t g5]ations by natural selection4 ,t x may be ?us increas$1 ! animals n possess+ m ?an av]age end[m5ts ( x mu/ be m frequ5tly kill$ (f ?an individuals highly end[$ ) x2 & ?is c only happ5 :5 ! attribute is "o ( great] importance1 = ! "t be+1 ?an mo/ ( ! o!r attributes4 ,if ^? memb]s ( ! species :i* h b ord9>y %>es ( x1 nev]!less survive by virtue ( o!r sup]iorities :i* !y sev]ally possess1 !n x is n easy to see h[ ?is p>ticul> attribute c be develop$ by natural selection 9 subsequ5t g5]ations40 7,= if "s o!r sup]iority is a great] s\rce ( luck1 !n natural selection1 or survival ( ! luckie/1 w ensure t ?is o!r sup]iority be pres]v$ at ! exp5se ( ! "o acquir$ 9 ! e>li] g5]ation47 8,! probability seems r to be1 t by gamog5esis1 ?is extra end[m5t w1 on ! av]age1 be dim9i%$ 9 po/]ity--j s]v+ 9 ! long run to comp5sate ! defici5t end[m5ts ( o!r individuals1 ^: special p[]s lie 9 o!r directions2 & s to keep up ! normal /ructure ( ! species4 ,! work+ out ( ! process is "h some:at difficult to foll[0 7!re is no difficulty z soon z x is p]ceiv$ t ,mr4 ,d>w9's natural selection inv>iably means1 or ought to mean1 ! survival ( ! luckie/1 & t seasons & :at !y br+ ) !m1 ?\gh fairly con/ant on an av]age1 yet individually v>y s greatly t :at is luck 9 "o season is disa/] 9 ano!r72 8b x appe>s to me t z fa/ z ! numb] ( bodily & m5tal faculties increases1 & z fa/ z ! ma9t5ance ( life comes to dep5d less on ! am\nt ( any "o1 & m on ! comb9$ action ( all1 s fa/ does ! production ( specialities ( "* by natural selection alone become difficult4 ,p>ticul>ly does ?is seem to be s ) a species s multitud9\s 9 p[]s z mank9d2 & above all does x seem to be s ) su* ( ! human p[]s z h b m9or %>es 9 aid+ ! /ruggle = life--! /hetic faculties1 = example4 8,dwell+ = a mom5t on ?is la/ illu/ration ( ! class ( difficulties describ$1 let u ask h[ we are to int]pret ! developm5t ( ! musical faculty2 h[ came !re t end[m5t ( musical faculty :i* *>act]ises mod]n ,europeans at l>ge1 z comp>$ ) _! remote ance/ors8 ,! monoton\s *ants ( l[ savages _c be said to %[ any melodic inspiration2 & x is n evid5t t an individual savage :o _h a little m musical p]ception ?an ! re/ w\ld d]ive any su* advantage 9 ! ma9t5ance ( life z w\ld secure ! spread ( 8 sup]iority by inh]itance ( ! v>iation10 c4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$ t ! passage giv5 9 ! la/ p>agraph b "o appe>$ 9 #ahfd1 only five ye>s aft] ! fir/ edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 b1 cru%+ z x is1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 nev] answ]$ x4 ,he treat$ x z nonexi/5t--& ?is1 d\btless f a bus9ess /&po9t1 0 ! be/ ?+ he c\ld d4 ,h[ f> su* a c\rse 0 consi/5t ) t s+le-he>t$ devotion to ! int]e/s ( sci5ce = :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 develop$ su* an abnormal reputation1 is a po9t :i* ,i mu/ leave to 8 _m admir]s to det]m9e4 ,*apt] ,,viii ,prop]ty1 ,common ,s5se1 & ,protoplasm ,,"o w\ld ?9k ! issue /at$ 9 ! ?ree prec$+ *apt]s 0 decid$ 9 ! /at+4 ,?is1 z ,i h already impli$1 is probably ! reason :y ^? :o h a ve/$ int]e/ 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's philosophical reputation h avoid$ /at+ x4 ,x may be said t1 see+ ! result is a jo9t "o1 inasmu* z bo? 8res0 & 8me10 or bo? luck & cunn+1 ent] s l>gely into developm5t1 nei!r factor c claim pre-em95ce to ! exclusion ( ! o!r4 ,b life is %ort & bus9ess long1 & if we are to get ! "o into ! o!r we mu/ suppress details1 & leave our words pregnant1 z pa9t]s leave _! t\*es :5 pa9t+ f nature4 ,if "o factor conc]ns u greatly m ?an ! o!r1 we %\ld emphasize x1 & let ! o!r g )\t say+1 by =ce ( association4 ,!re is no fe> ( its be+ lo/ sight (2 association is "o ( ! few really lib]al ?+s 9 nature2 by lib]al1 ,i mean precipitate & inaccurate2 ! p[] ( words1 z ( pictures1 & inde$ ! p[] to c>ry on life at all1 ve/s 9 ! fact t association does n /ick to ! lett] ( its bond1 b w take ! half = ! :ole )\t ev5 look+ closely at ! co9 giv5 to make sure t x is n c\nt]feit4 ,?r\gh ! ha/e & high pressure ( bus9ess1 errors arise cont9ually1 & ^! errors give u ! %ocks ( :i* our consci\sness is comp\nd$4 ,our :ole consci\s life1 !re=e1 gr[s out ( memory & out ( ! p[] ( association1 9 virtue ( :i* n only does ! "r half pass = ! :ole1 b ! wrong half n infrequ5tly passes curr5t = x also1 )\t be+ *all5g$ & f\nd out till1 z x 71 ! acc\nts come to be balanc$1 & x is f\nd t !y w n d s4 ,v>iations are an organism's way ( gett+ ov] an unexpect$ discrepancy betwe5 its res\rces z %[n by ! fly-leaves ( its own *eques & ! univ]se's passbook2 ! univ]se is g5]ally "r1 or w\ld be upheld z "r if ! matt] 7 to come be=e ! n too incorruptible c\rts ( nature1 & 9 n9e cases out ( t5 ! organism has made ! error 9 its own fav\r1 s t x mu/ n[ pay or die4 ,x c only pay by alt]+ its mode ( life1 & h[ long is x likely to be be=e a new dep>ture 9 its mode ( life comes out 9 its own p]son & 9 ^? ( its family8 ,grant$ x w at fir/ come out 9 _! appe>ance only1 b !re c be no *ange 9 appe>ance )\t "s slight correspond+ organic modification4 ,9 practice !re is usually compromise 9 ^! matt]s4 ,! univ]se1 if x does n give an organism %ort %rift & eat x at once1 w commonly abate some?+ ( its claim2 x gets trick$ out ( an additional moiety by ! organism2 ! organism really does pay some?+ by way ( *ang$ habits2 ?is results 9 v>iation1 9 virtue ( :i* ! acc\nts are cook$1 cobbl$1 & pass$ by a s]ies ( ^? miracles ( inconsi/5cy :i* 0 call compromises1 & aft] ?is !y _c be reop5$--n till next "t4 ,surely ( ! two factors :i* g to ! mak+ up ( developm5t1 cunn+ is ! "o m prop] to be insi/$ on z det]m9+ ! physical & psy*ical well or ill be+1 & h5ce1 ere long1 ! future =m ( ! organism4 ,we c h>dly op5 a newspap] )\t see+ "s sign ( ?is2 take1 = example1 ! foll[+ extract f a lett] 9 ! ,times ( ! day on :i* ,i am writ+ 7,febru>y #h1 #ahhf7--8,y may pass along a road :i* divides a settlem5t ( ,iri% ,celts f "o ( ,g]mans4 ,!y all came to ! c\ntry equally )\t money1 & h _h to fight _! way 9 ! =e/1 b ! diff]5ce 9 _! condition is v rem>kable2 on ! ,g]man side !re is com=t1 ?rift1 peace1 b on ! o!r side ! spectacle is v diff]5t40 ,few w d5y t slight organic diff]5ces1 correspond+ to ^! diff]5ces ( habit1 are already p]ceptible2 no ,d>w9ian w d5y t ^! diff]5ces are likely to be inh]it$1 &1 9 ! abs5ce ( int]m>riage betwe5 ! two colonies1 to result 9 /ill m typical diff]5ce ?an t :i* exi/s at pres5t4 ,accord+ to ,mr4 ,d>w91 ! improv$ type ( ! m successful race w\ld n be due ma9ly to transmitt$ p]sev]ance 9 well-do+1 b to ! fact t if any memb] ( ! ,g]man colony 8happ5$0 to be born 8ev] s slightly10 c4 ,( c\rse ?is la/ is true to a c]ta9 ext5t also2 if any memb] ( ! ,g]man colony does 8happ5 to be born10 c41 !n he w /& a bett] *ance ( surviv+1 &1 if he m>ries a wife l himself1 ( transmitt+ 8 good qualities2 b h[ ab\t ! happ5+8 ,h[ is x t ?is is ( su* frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ! "o colony1 & is s r>e 9 ! o!r8 ,=tes creantur =tibus et bonis4 ,true1 b h[ & :y8 ,?r\gh ! race be+ fav\r$8 ,9 "o s5se1 d\btless1 x is true t no man c h any?+ except x be giv5 him f above1 b x mu/ be f an above into ! composition ( :i* he himself l>gely ent]s4 ,god gives u all ?+s2 b we are a "p ( ,god1 & t "p ( ,him1 moreov]1 ^: dep>tm5t x m especially is to look aft] ourselves4 ,x _c be ?r\gh luck1 = luck is bl9d1 & does n pick out ! same p ye> aft] ye> & g5]ation aft] g5]ation2 %all we n r say1 !n1 t x is because m9d1 or cunn+1 is a great factor 9 ! a*ievem5t ( physical results1 & because !re is an abid+ memory betwe5 successive g5]ations1 9 virtue ( :i* ! cunn+ ( an e>li] "o enures to ! b5efit ( its successors8 ,x is "o ( ! commonplaces ( biology t ! nature ( ! organism 7:i* is ma9ly det]m9$ by ance/ral antec$5ts7 is greatly m important 9 det]m9+ its future ?an ! conditions ( its environm5t1 provid$1 ( c\rse1 t ^! are n too cruelly abnormal1 s t good se$ w d bett] on r poor soil1 ?an bad se$ on r good soil2 ?is alone %\ld be en\gh to %[ t cunn+1 or individual ef=t1 is m important 9 det]m9+ organic results ?an luck is1 & !re=e t if ei!r is to be insi/$ on to ! exclusion ( ! o!r1 x %\ld be cunn+1 n luck4 ,:i* is m correctly said to be ! ma9 means ( ! developm5t ( capital--,luck8 or ,cunn+8 ,( c\rse !re mu/ be some?+ to be develop$--& luck1 t is to say1 ! unkn[able & un=eseeable1 ent]s ev]y:]e2 b is x m conv5i5t ) our olde/ & be/-e/abli%$ ideas to say t luck is ! ma9 means ( ! developm5t ( capital1 or t cunn+ is s8 ,c !re be a mom5t's hesitation 9 admitt+ t if capital is f\nd to h be5 develop$ l>gely1 cont9u\sly1 by _m p1 9 _m ways1 ov] a long p]iod ( "t1 x c only h be5 by means ( cont9u$ application1 en]gy1 ef=t1 indu/ry1 & good s5se8 ,grant$ !re has be5 luck too2 ( c\rse !re has1 b we let x g )\t say+1 :]eas we _c let ! skill or cunn+ g )\t say+1 inasmu* z we feel ! cunn+ to h be5 ! ess5ce ( ! :ole matt]4 ,grant$1 aga91 t !re is no te/ m fallaci\s on a small scale ?an t ( imm$iate success4 ,z appli$ to any p>ticul> individual1 x breaks d[n completely4 ,x is un=tunately no r>e ?+ to see ! good man /riv+ aga9/ fate1 & ! fool born ) a silv] spoon 9 8 m\?4 ,/ill on a l>ge scale no te/ c be conceivably m reliable2 a blockhead may succe$ = a "t1 b a succession ( _m g5]ations ( blockheads does n g on /eadily ga9+ gr\nd1 add+ field to field & f>m to f>m1 & becom+ ye> by ye> m capable & prosp]\s4 ,giv5 "t--( :i* !re is no scant 9 ! matt] ( organic developm5t--& cunn+ w d m ) ill luck ?an folly ) good4 ,p d n hold six trumps e h& = a doz5 games ( :i/ runn+1 if !y d n keep a c>d or two up _! sleeves4 ,cunn+1 if x c keep its head above wat] at all1 w beat m]e luck unaid$ by cunn+1 no matt] :at />t luck may h _h1 if ! race be a fairly long "o4 ,gr[? is a k9d ( success :i* does inde$ come to "s organisms ) less ef=t ?an to o!rs1 b x _c be ma9ta9$ & improv$ ^u )\t pa9s & ef=t4 ,a fooli% organism & its =tuit\s v>iation w be soon p>t$1 =1 z a g5]al rule1 unless ! v>iation has s mu* connection ) ! organism's pa/ habits & ways ( ?\ght z to be 9 no prop] s5se ( ! ^w 8=tuit\s10 ! organism w n "k :at to d ) x :5 x has got x1 no matt] h[ fav\rable x may be1 & x is little likely to be h&$ d[n to desc5dants4 ,inde$ ! k9d ( p :o get on be/ 9 ! _w--& :at te/ to a ,d>w9ian c be comp>able to ?is8--commonly d insi/ on cunn+ r ?an on luck1 sometimes p]haps ev5 unduly2 speak+1 at lea/1 f exp]i5ce1 ,i h g5]ally f\nd myself m or less ( a failure ) ^? ,d>w9ians to :om ,i h endeav\r$ to excuse my %ortcom+s on ! score ( luck4 ,x may be said t ! cont5tion t ! nature ( ! organism does m t[>ds det]m9+ its future ?an ! conditions ( its imm$iate environm5t d1 is only ano!r way ( say+ t ! accid5ts :i* h happ5$ to an organism 9 ! p]sons ( its ance/ors ?r\gh\t all "t are m irresi/ible by x = good or ill ?an any ( ! m ord9>y *ances & *anges ( its own imm$iate life4 ,i d n d5y ?is2 b ^! ance/ral accid5ts 7 ei!r turn$ to acc\nt1 or neglect$ :]e !y might h be5 tak5 advantage (2 !y ?us pass$ ei!r into skill1 or want ( skill2 s t :i*ev] way ! fact is /at$ ! result is ! same2 & if simplicity ( /atem5t be reg>d$1 !re is no m conv5i5t way ( putt+ ! matt] ?an to say t ?\gh luck is mighty1 cunn+ is mighti] /ill4 ,organism commonly %[s its cunn+ by practis+ :at ,horace prea*$1 & treat+ itself z m pla/ic ?an its surr\nd+s2 ^? inde$ :o h _h ! greate/ ! fir/ to admit t !y _h ga9$ _! ends m by reputation z m\ld]s ( circum/ances h ev] be5 %ap+ _! actions & !mselves to suit ev5ts1 ?an by try+ to %ape ev5ts to suit !mselves & _! actions4 ,modification1 l *>ity1 beg9s at home4 ,b h[ev] ?is may be1 !re c be no d\bt t cunn+ is 9 ! long run mighti] ?an luck z reg>ds ! acquisition ( prop]ty1 & :at applies to prop]ty applies to organism also4 ,prop]ty1 z ,i h lately se5 0 said by ,rosm9i1 is a k9d ( ext5sion ( ! p]sonality into ! outside _w4 ,he might h said z truly t x is a k9d ( p5etration ( ! outside _w )9 ! limits ( ! p]sonality1 or t x is at any rate a prophesy+ (1 & essay aft]1 ! m liv+ phase ( matt] 9 ! direction ( :i* x is t5d+4 ,if approa*$ f ! dynamical or liv+ side ( ! und]ly+ sub/ratum1 x is ! beg9n+ ( ! comp>atively /able equilibrium :i* we call brute matt]2 if f ! /atical side1 t is to say1 f t ( brute matt]1 x is ! beg9n+ ( t dynamical /ate :i* we associate ) life2 x is ! la/ ( ego & fir/ ( non ego1 or vice v]s1 z ! case may be2 x is ! gr\nd :]eon ! two meet & are nei!r :olly "o nor :olly ! o!r1 b a :irl+ mass ( contradictions su* z att5ds all fusion4 ,:at prop]ty is to a man's m9d or s\l t 8 body is also1 only m s4 ,! body is prop]ty c>ri$ to ! bitt] end1 or prop]ty is ! body c>ri$ to ! bitt] end1 :i*ev] ! read] *ooses2 ! expression 8organic weal?0 is n figurative2 none o!r is s apt & accurate2 s univ]sally1 inde$1 is ?is recognis$ t ! fact has f\nd expression 9 our liturgy1 :i* bids u pray = all ^? :o are any wise afflict$ 89 m9d1 body1 or e/ate20 no inf]5ce1 !re=e1 c be m simple & legitimate ?an ! "o 9 accordance ) :i* ! laws t gov]n ! developm5t ( weal? g5]ally are suppos$ also to gov]n ! p>ticul> =m ( heal? & weal? :i* comes mo/ closely home to u--,i mean t ( our bodily implem5ts or organs4 ,:at is ! /oma* b a liv+ sack1 or purse ( untann$ lea!r1 :]e9 we keep our means ( subsi/5ce8 ,food is money made easy2 x is petty ca% 9 its h&ie/ & mo/ r$uc$ =m2 x is our way ( assimilat+ our possessions & mak+ !m inde$ our own4 ,:at is ! purse b a k9d ( abridg$ extra corporeal /oma* :]e9 we keep ! money :i* we conv]t by pur*ase into food1 z we pres5tly conv]t ! food by dige/ion into fle% & blood8 ,& :at liv+ =m is !re :i* is )\t a purse or /oma*1 ev5 ?\gh x h to job x by ! meal z ! amba does1 & ex*ange x = "s o!r article z soon z x has done eat+8 ,h[ m>vell\sly does ! analogy hold betwe5 ! purse & ! /oma* alike z reg>ds =m & function2 & ,i may say 9 pass+ t1 z usual1 ! organ :i* is ! m remote f protoplasm is at once m special1 m an object ( our consci\sness1 & less an object ( its own4 ,talk ( ego & non ego meet+1 & ( ! hopelessness ( avoid+ contradiction 9 t]ms--talk ( ?is1 & look1 9 pass+1 at ! amba4 ,x is itself qu mak] ( ! /oma* & be+ f$2 x is n itself qu /oma* & qu its us+ itself z a m]e tool or implem5t to fe$ itself )4 ,x is active & passive1 object & subject1 ego & non ego--e k9d ( ,iri% bull1 9 fact1 :i* a s\nd logician abhors--& x is only because x has p]sev]$1 z ,i said 9 8,life & ,habit10 9 ?us defy+ logic & argu+ mo/ virtu\sly 9 a mo/ vici\s circle1 t x has come 9 ! p]sons ( "s ( its desc5dants to reason ) suffici5t s\ndness4 ,& :at ! amba is man is also2 man is only a great _m ambas1 mo/ ( !m dreadfully n>r[-m9d$1 go+ up & d[n ! c\ntry ) _! goods & *attels l gipsies 9 a c>avan2 he is only a great _m ambas t h _h mu* "t & money sp5t on _! education1 & receiv$ l>ge beque/s ( organis$ intellig5ce f ^? t h gone be=e !m4 ,! mo/ incorporate tool--we w say an eye1 or a too?1 or ! clos$ fi/ :5 us$ to /rike--has /ill some?+ ( ! non ego ab\t x 9 s f> z x is us$2 ^? organs1 aga91 t are ! mo/ completely sep>ate f ! body1 z ! locomotive eng9e1 mu/ /ill f "t to "t kiss ! soil ( ! human body1 & be h&l$ & ?us cross$ ) man aga9 if !y w\ld rema9 9 work+ ord]4 ,!y _c be cut adrift f ! mo/ liv+ =m ( matt] 7,i mean mo/ liv+ f our po9t ( view71 & rema9 absolutely )\t connection ) x = any l5g? ( "t1 any m ?an a seal c live )\t com+ up sometimes to brea!2 & 9 s f> z !y become l9k$ on to liv+ be+s !y live4 ,ev]y?+ is liv+ :i* is 9 close communion )1 & int]p]meat$ by1 t some?+ :i* we call m9d or ?\ght4 ,giordano ,bruno saw ?is long ago :5 he made an int]locutor 9 "o ( 8 dialogues say t a man's hat & cloak are alive :5 he is we>+ !m4 8,?y boots & spurs live10 he exclaims1 8:5 ?y feet c>ry !m2 ?y hat lives :5 ?y head is )9 x2 & s ! /able lives :5 x conta9s ! horse or mule1 or ev5 y\rself20 nor is x easy to see h[ ?is is to be refut$ except at a co/ :i* no "o 9 8 s5ses w (f]4 ,x may be said t ! life ( clo!s 9 we> & implem5ts 9 use is no true life1 inasmu* z x diff]s f fle% & blood life 9 too _m & important respects2 t we h made up our m9ds ab\t n lett+ life outside ! body too decisively to all[ ! "q to be reop5$2 t if ?is be tol]at$ we %all h societies = ! prev5tion ( cruelty to *airs & tables1 or cutt+ clo!s amiss1 or we>+ !m to tatt]s1 or :atev] o!r absurdity may occur to idle & unk9d p2 ! :ole discussion1 !re=e1 %\ld be ord]$ out ( c\rt at once4 ,i admit t ?is is mu* ! mo/ s5sible position to take1 b x c only be tak5 by ^? :o turn ! deafe/ ( deaf e>s to ! tea*+s ( sci5ce1 & tol]ate no go+ ev5 = a mom5t bel[ ! surface ( ?+s4 ,p :o take ?is l9e mu/ "k h[ to put _! foot d[n firmly 9 ! matt] ( clos+ a discussion4 ,"s "o may p]haps innoc5tly say t "s p>ts ( ! body are m liv+ & vital ?an o!rs1 & ^? :o /ick to common s5se may all[ ?is1 b if !y d !y mu/ close ! discussion on ! spot2 if !y li/5 to ano!r syllable !y are lo/2 if !y let ! innoc5t int]locutor say s mu* z t a piece ( well-n\ri%$ heal?y bra9 is m liv+ ?an ! end ( a f+]-nail t wants cutt+1 or ?an ! calc>e\s p>ts ( a bone1 ! solv5t w h be5 appli$ :i* w soon make an end ( common s5se ways ( look+ at ! matt]4 ,once ev5 admit ! use ( ! p>ticiple 8dy+10 :i* involves degrees ( dea?1 & h5ce an entry ( dea? 9 "p into a liv+ body1 & common s5se mu/ ei!r close ! discussion at once1 or ere long surr5d] at discretion4 ,common s5se c only c>ry weight 9 respect ( matt]s ) :i* e "o is famili>1 z =m+ "p ( ! daily & h\rly conduct ( affairs2 if we w\ld keep our com=table h>d & fa/ l9es1 our r\gh & ready unspecialis$ ways ( deal+ ) difficult que/ions1 our impati5ce ( :at ,/4 ,paul calls 8d\btful disputations10 we mu/ refuse to quit ! gr\nd on :i* ! judgm5ts ( mank9d h be5 s long & (t5 giv5 t !y are n likely to be que/ion$4 ,common s5se is n yet =mulat$ 9 mann]s ( sci5ce or philosophy1 = only few consid] !m2 few decisions1 !re=e1 h be5 arriv$ at :i* all hold f9al4 ,sci5ce is1 l love1 8too "y to "k :at consci5ce10 or common s5se1 is4 ,z soon z ! _w began to busy itself ) evolution x said good-bye to common s5se1 & mu/ get on ) uncommon s5se z be/ x c4 ,! fir/ lesson t uncommon s5se w tea* x is t contradiction 9 t]ms is ! f\ndation ( all s\nd reason+--&1 z an obvi\s consequ5ce1 compromise1 ! f\ndation ( all s\nd practice4 ,?is1 x foll[s easily1 involves ! coroll>y t z fai?1 to be ( any value1 mu/ be bas$ on reason1 s reason1 to be ( any value1 mu/ be bas$ on fai?1 & t nei!r c /& alone or disp5se ) ! o!r1 any m ?an culture or vulg>ity c /& unalloy$ ) "o ano!r )\t mu* dang] ( mis*ance4 ,x may n p]haps be imm$iately app>5t :y ! admission t a piece ( heal?y liv+ bra9 is m liv+ ?an ! end ( a f+]-nail1 is s dang]\s to common s5se ways ( look+ at life & dea?2 ,i _h bett]1 !re=e1 be m explicit4 ,by ?is admission degrees ( liv+ness are admitt$ )9 ! body2 ?is involves approa*es to non-liv+ness4 ,on ?is ! "q arises1 8,:i* are ! mo/ liv+ p>ts80 ,! answ] to ?is 0 giv5 a few ye>s ago ) a fl\ri% ( trumpets1 & our biologi/s %\t$ ) "o voice1 8,great is protoplasm4 ,!re is no life b protoplasm1 & ,huxley is its prophet40 ,read ,huxley's 8,physical ,basis ( ,m9d40 ,read ,pr(essor ,miv>t's article1 8,:at are ,liv+ ,be+s80 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review1 ,july1 #ahgi4 ,read ,dr4 ,&rew ,wilson's article 9 ! ,g5tleman's ,magaz9e1 ,octob]1 #ahgi4 ,rememb] ,pr(essor ,allman's address to ! ,briti% ,association1 #ahgi2 ask1 aga91 any m$ical man :at is ! mo/ approv$ sci5tific attitude z reg>ds ! protoplasmic & non-protoplasmic p>ts ( ! body1 & he w say t ! ?9ly veil$ conclusion arriv$ at by all ( !m is1 t ! protoplasmic p>ts are alone truly liv+1 & t ! non-protoplasmic are non-liv+4 ,x may suffice if ,i conf9e myself to ,pr(essor ,allman's address to ! ,briti% ,association 9 #ahgi1 z a repres5tative utt]ance4 ,pr(essor ,allman said3-- 8,protoplasm lies at ! base ( e vital ph5om5on4 ,x is1 z ,huxley has well express$ x1 #8! physical basis ( life2' :]ev] !re is life f its l[e/ to its highe/ manife/ation !re is protoplasm2 :]ev] !re is protoplasm !re is life40 #abb;a ,to say :]ev] !re is life !re is protoplasm1 is to say t !re c be no life )\t protoplasm1 & ?is is say+ t :]e !re is no protoplasm !re is no life4 ,b l>ge p>ts ( ! body are non-protoplasmic2 a bone is1 inde$1 p]meat$ by protoplasm1 b x is n protoplasm2 x foll[s1 !re=e1 t accord+ to ,pr(essor ,allman bone is n 9 any prop] s5se ( words a liv+ sub/ance4 ,f ?is x %\ld foll[1 & d\btless does foll[ 9 ,pr(essor ,allman's m9d1 t l>ge tracts ( ! human body1 if n ! great] "p by weight 7z bones1 sk91 muscul> tissues1 c471 are no m alive ?an a coat or pair ( boots 9 we> is alive1 except 9 s f> z ! bones1 c41 are m closely & nak$ly p]meat$ by protoplasm ?an ! coat or boots1 & are ?us br\ght into clos]1 direct]1 & m p]man5t communication ) t :i*1 if n life itself1 /ill has m ( ! e> ( life1 & comes ne>] to its royal p]son ?an any?+ else does4 ,inde$ t ?is is ,pr(essor ,allman's op9ion appe>s f ! passage on page #bf ( ! report1 9 :i* he says t 9 8protoplasm we f9d ! only =m ( matt] 9 :i* life c manife/ itself40 ,accord+ to ?is view ! sk9 & o!r tissues are suppos$ to be made f dead protoplasm :i* liv+ protoplasm turns to acc\nt z ! ,briti% ,museum au?orities are believ$ to /uff _! new specim5s ) ! sk9s ( old ones2 ! matt] us$ by ! liv+ protoplasm = ?is purpose is held to be entirely =eign to protoplasm itself1 & no m capable ( act+ 9 conc]t ) x ?an bricks c und]/& & act 9 conc]t ) ! bricklay]4 ,z ! bricklay] is held to be liv+ & ! bricks non-liv+1 s ! bones & sk9 :i* protoplasm is suppos$ to con/ruct are held non-liv+ & ! protoplasm alone liv+4 ,protoplasm1 x is said1 goes ab\t mask$ beh9d ! clo!s or habits :i* x has fa%ion$4 ,x has habit$ itself z animals & plants1 & we h mi/ak5 ! g>m5t = ! we>]--z our dogs & cats d\btless ?9k ) ,giordano ,bruno t our boots live :5 we are we>+ !m1 & t we keep sp>e paws 9 our b$rooms :i* lie by ! wall & g to sleep :5 we h n got !m on4 ,if1 9 answ] to ! ass]tion t ! osse\s p>ts ( bone are non-liv+1 x is said t !y mu/ be liv+1 = !y heal if brok51 :i* no dead matt] c d1 x is answ]$ t ! brok5 pieces ( bone d n gr[ toge!r2 !y are m5d$ by ! protoplasm :i* p]meates ! ,hav]sian canals2 ! bones !mselves are no m liv+ m]ely because !y are t5ant$ by some?+ :i* really does live1 ?an a h\se lives because m5 & wom5 inhabit x2 & if a bone is repair$1 x no m repairs itself ?an a h\se c be said to h repair$ itself because its own] has s5t = ! bricklay] & se5 t :at 0 want$ 0 done4 ,we d n "k1 x is said1 by :at means ! /ructureless viscid sub/ance :i* we call protoplasm c build = itself a solid bone2 we d n und]/& h[ an amba makes its te/2 no "o und]/&s h[ any?+ is done unless he c d x himself2 & ev5 !n he probably does n "k h[ he has done x4 ,set a man :o has nev] pa9t$1 to wat* ,rembr&t pa9t ! ,burgoma/] ,six1 & he w no m und]/& h[ ,rembr&t c h done x1 ?an we c und]/& h[ ! amba makes its te/1 or ! protoplasm cem5ts two brok5 ends ( a piece ( bone4 ,ces *oses se font mais ne s'expliqu5t pas4 ,s "s d5iz5 ( ano!r planet look+ at our e>? ?r\gh a telescope :i* %[$ him mu*1 b /ill n q en\gh1 & see+ ! ,/4 ,go?>d tunnel plumb on end s t he c\ld n see ! holes ( entry & exit1 w\ld ?9k ! tra9s !re a k9d ( cat]pill> :i* w5t ?r\gh ! m\nta9 by a pure ef=t ( ! w--t enabl$ !m 9 "s my/]i\s way to disreg>d mat]ial ob/acles & disp5se ) mat]ial means4 ,we "k1 ( c\rse1 t x is n s1 & t exemption f ! toil att5dant on mat]ial ob/acles has be5 comp\nd$ =1 9 ! ord9>y way1 by ! s+le paym5t ( a tunnel2 & s ) ! cem5t+ ( a bone1 our biologi/s say t ! protoplasm1 :i* is alone liv+1 cem5ts x mu* z a man might m5d a piece ( brok5 *9a1 b t x works by me?ods & processes :i* elude u1 ev5 z ! holes ( ! ,/4 ,go?>d tunnel may be suppos$ to elude a d5iz5 ( ano!r _w4 ,! read] w already h se5 t ! toils are beg9n+ to close r\nd ^? :o1 :ile pr(ess+ to be guid$ by common s5se1 /ill p>ley ) ev5 ! mo/ sup]ficial prob]s b5ea? ! surface2 ?is1 h[ev]1 w appe> m cle>ly 9 ! foll[+ *apt]4 ,x w also appe> h[ f>-rea*+ 7 ! consequ5ces ( ! d5ial ( design t 0 involv$ 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory t luck is ! ma9 elem5t 9 survival1 & h[ l>gely ?is !ory is responsible = ! fatu\s developm5ts 9 connection alike ) protoplasm & automatism :i* a few ye>s ago seem$ ab\t to c>ry ev]y?+ be=e !m4 ,*apt] ,,ix ,prop]ty1 ,common ,s5se1 & ,protoplasm 7cont9u$7 ,,! position1 !n1 /&s ?us4 ,common s5se gave ! in* ( admitt+ "s p>ts ( ! body to be less liv+ ?an o!rs1 & philosophy took ! ell ( decl>+ ! body to be almo/ all ( x /one dead4 ,?is is s]i\s2 /ill if x 7 all1 = a quiet life1 we might put up ) x4 ,un=tunately we "k only too well t x w n be all4 ,our bodies1 :i* seem$ s liv+ & n[ prove s dead1 h s]v$ u su* a trick t we c h no confid5ce 9 any?+ connect$ ) !m4 ,z ) sk9 & bones to-day1 s ) protoplasm to-morr[4 ,protoplasm is ma9ly oxyg51 hydrog51 nitrog51 & c>bon2 if we d n keep a %>p look out1 we %all h x go+ ! way ( ! re/ ( ! body1 & be+ decl>$ dead 9 respect1 at any rate1 ( ^! inorganic compon5ts4 ,sci5ce has n1 ,i believe1 settl$ all ! compon5ts ( protoplasm1 b ?is is nei!r "h nor !re2 %e has settl$ :at x is 9 great "p1 & !re is no tru/+ h] n to settle ! re/ at any mom5t1 ev5 if %e has n already done s4 ,z soon z ?is has be5 done we %all be told t n9e-t5?s ( ! protoplasm ( :i* we are compos$ mu/ g ! way ( our non-protoplasmic p>ts1 & t ! only really liv+ "p ( u is ! some?+ ) a new "n t runs ! protoplasm t runs ! fle% & bones t run ! organs-- ,:y /op "h8 ,:y n add 8:i* run ! tools & prop]ties :i* are z ess5tial to our life & heal? z mu* t is actually incorporate ) u80 ,! same brea* :i* has let ! non-liv+ effect a lodgm5t )9 ! body mu/1 9 all equity1 let ! organic "*--bodil9ess1 s to speak--pass out beyond its limits & effect a lodgm5t 9 our tempor>y & extra-corporeal limbs4 ,:at1 on ! protoplasmic !ory1 ! sk9 & bones are1 t ! hamm] & spade are also2 !y diff] 9 ! degree ( clos5ess & p]man5ce ) :i* !y are associat$ ) protoplasm1 b bo? bones & hamm]s are alike non-liv+ ?+s :i* protoplasm uses = its own purposes & keeps clos] or less close at h& z cu/om & conv5i5ce may det]m9e4 ,accord+ to ?is view1 ! non-protoplasmic p>ts ( ! body are tools ( ! fir/ degree2 !y are n liv+1 b !y are 9 su* close & con/ant contact ) t :i* really lives1 t an aroma ( life atta*es to !m4 ,"s ( ^!1 h[ev]1 su* z horns1 hooves1 & tusks1 are s little p]meat$ by protoplasm t !y _c rank mu* high] ?an ! tools ( ! second degree1 :i* come next to !m 9 ord]4 ,^! tools ( ! second degree are ei!r pick$ up ready-made1 or are manufactur$ directly by ! body1 z be+ torn or bitt5 into %ape1 or z /ones pick$ up to ?r[ at prey or at an enemy4 ,tools ( ! ?ird degree are made by ! in/rum5tality ( tools ( ! second & fir/ degrees2 z1 = example1 *ipp$ fl9t1 arr[-heads1 c4 ,tools ( ! f\r? degree are made by ^? ( ! ?ird1 second1 & fir/4 ,!y consi/ ( ! simpl] comp\nd in/rum5ts t yet require to be work$ by h&1 z hamm]s1 spades1 & ev5 h& fl\r-mills4 ,tools ( ! fif? degree are made by ! help ( ^? ( ! f\r?1 ?ird1 second1 & fir/4 ,!y are comp\nd$ ( _m tools1 work$1 x may be1 by /eam or wat] & requir+ no con/ant contact ) ! body4 ,b ea* "o ( ^! tools ( ! fif? degree 0 made 9 ! fir/ in/ance by ! sole in/rum5tality ( ! f\r prec$+ k9ds ( tool4 ,!y mu/ all be l9k$ on to protoplasm1 :i* is ! "o orig9al tool-mak]1 b :i* c only make ! tools t are m remote f itself by ! help ( ^? t are ne>]1 t is to say1 x c only "w :5 x has suitable tools to "w )1 & :5 x is all[$ to use !m 9 its own way4 ,!re c be no direct communication betwe5 protoplasm & a /eam-eng9e2 !re may be & (t5 is direct communication betwe5 ma*9es ( ev5 ! fif? ord] & ^? ( ! fir/1 z :5 an eng9e-man turns a cock1 or repairs some?+ ) 8 own h&s if he has no?+ bett] to "w )4 ,b put a hamm]1 = example1 to a piece ( protoplasm1 & ! protoplasm w no m "k :at to d ) x ?an we %\ld be able to saw a piece ( wood 9 two )\t a saw4 ,ev5 protoplasm f ! h& ( a c>p5t] :o has be5 h&l+ hamm]s all 8 life w\ld be hopelessly put (f its /roke if n all[$ to "w 9 its usual way b put b>e up aga9/ a hamm]2 x w\ld make a slimy mess & !n dry up2 /ill !re c be no d\bt 7s at lea/ ^? :o uphold protoplasm z ! "o liv+ sub/ance w\ld say7 t ! clos] a ma*9e c be got to protoplasm & ! m p]man5t ! connection1 ! m liv+ x appe>s to be1 or at any rate ! m does x appe> to be end[$ ) spontane\s & reason+ en]gy1 s long1 ( c\rse1 z ! clos5ess is ( a k9d :i* protoplasm und]/&s & is famili> )4 ,?is1 !y say1 is :y we d n l us+ any implem5t or tool ) gloves on1 = ^! impose a b>ri] betwe5 ! tool & its true connection ) protoplasm by means ( ! n]v\s sy/em4 ,= ! same reason we put gloves on :5 we box s z to b> ! connection4 ,t :i* we h&le mo/ unglov$ly is our food1 :i* we h&le ) our /oma*s r ?an ) our h&s4 ,our h&s are s ?ickly encas$ ) sk9 t protoplasm c hold b small conv]sation ) :at !y conta91 unless x be held = a long "t 9 ! clos$ fi/1 & ev5 s ! conv]se is imp$$ z 9 a /range language2 ! inside ( our m\?s is m nak$1 & our /oma*s are m nak$ /ill2 x is "h t protoplasm br+s its fulle/ p[]s ( suasion to be> on ^? :om x w\ld proselytise & receive z x 7 into its own communion--:om x w\ld conv]t & br+ into a condition ( m9d 9 :i* !y %all see ?+s z x sees !m itself1 &1 z we commonly say1 8agree )0 x1 in/ead ( /&+ out /iffly = _! own op9ion4 ,we call ?is dige/+ our food2 m prop]ly we %\ld call x be+ dige/$ by our food1 :i* reads1 m>ks1 le>ns1 & inw>dly dige/s u1 till x comes to und]/& u & enc\rage u by assur+ u t we 7 p]fectly "r all ! "t1 no matt] :at any "o might h said1 or say1 to ! contr>y4 ,hav+ ?us recant$ all its own pa/ h]esies1 x sets to "w to conv]t ev]y?+ t comes ne> x & seems 9 ! lea/ likely to be conv]t$4 ,eat+ is a mode ( love2 x is an ef=t aft] a clos] union2 s we say we love roa/ beef4 ,a ,fr5* lady told me once t %e ador$ veal2 & a nurse tells h] *ild t %e w\ld l to eat x4 ,ev5 he :o c>esses a dog or horse pro tanto bo? w$s & eats x4 ,/range h[ close ! analogy betwe5 love & hung]2 9 ea* case ! ef=t is aft] clos] union & possession2 9 ea* case ! outcome is reproduction 7= nutrition is ! mo/ complete ( reproductions71 & 9 ea* case !re are residua4 ,b to return4 ,i h %[n above t "o consequ5ce ( ! attempt s vigor\sly made a few ye>s ago to e/abli% protoplasm z ! "o liv+ sub/ance1 is ! mak+ x cle> t ! non-protoplasmic p>ts ( ! body & ! simpl] extra-corporeal tools or organs mu/ run on all f\rs 9 ! matt] ( liv+ness & non-liv+ness4 ,if ! protoplasmic p>ts ( ! body are held liv+ 9 virtue ( _! be+ us$ by some?+ t really lives1 !n s1 ?\gh 9 a less degree1 mu/ tools & ma*9es4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 tools & ma*9es are held non-liv+ inasmu* z !y only owe :at little appe>ance ( life !y may pres5t :5 9 actual use to some?+ else t lives1 & h no life ( _! own--s1 ?\gh 9 a less degree1 mu/ ! non-protoplasmic p>ts ( ! body4 ,all[ an ov]fl[+ aroma ( life to vivify ! horny sk9 "u ! heel1 & f ?is !re w be a spill+ :i* w vivify ! boot 9 we>4 ,d5y an aroma ( life to ! boot 9 we>1 & x mu/ ere long be d5i$ to n9ety-n9e p] c5t4 ( ! body2 & if ! body is n alive :ile x c walk & talk1 :at 9 ! "n ( all t is unreasonable c be held to be s8 ,t ! ess5tial id5tity ( bodily organs & tools is no +5i\s p>adoxical way ( putt+ ?+s is evid5t f ! fact t we speak ( bodily organs at all4 ,organ means tool4 ,!re is no?+ :i* reveals our mo/ g5u9e op9ions to u s un]r+ly z our habitual & ungu>d$ expressions1 & 9 ! case "u consid]ation s completely d we in/9ctively recognise ! und]ly+ id5tity ( tools & limbs1 t sci5tific m5 use ! ^w 8organ0 = any "p ( ! body t dis*>ges a function1 practically to ! exclusion ( any o!r t]m4 ,( c\rse1 h[ev]1 ! above cont5tion z to ! ess5tial id5tity ( tools & organs does n involve a d5ial ( _! obvi\s sup]ficial diff]5ces--diff]5ces s _m & s great z to ju/ify our class+ !m 9 di/9ct categories s long z we h reg>d to ! daily purposes ( life )\t look+ at remot] ones4 ,if ! above be admitt$1 we c reply to ^? :o 9 an e>li] *apt] object$ to our say+ t if ,mr4 ,d>w9 d5i$ design 9 ! eye he %\ld d5y x 9 ! burgl>'s jemmy also4 ,= if bodily & non-bodily organs are ess5tially "o 9 k9d1 be+ ea* ( !m bo? liv+ & non-liv+1 & ea* ( !m only a high] developm5t ( pr9ciples already admitt$ & l>gely act$ on 9 ! o!r1 !n ! me?od ( proc$ure obs]vable 9 ! evolution ( ! organs ^: hi/ory is )9 our k5 %\ld ?r[ light ^u ! evolution ( t ^: hi/ory goes back into s dim a pa/ t we c only "k x by way ( inf]5ce4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( any %[ ( reason to ! contr>y we %\ld argue f ! kn[n to ! unkn[n1 & presume t ev5 z our non-bodily organs orig9at$ & 7 develop$ ?r\gh gradual accumulation ( design1 ef=t1 & contrivance guid$ by exp]i5ce1 s also mu/ our bodily organs h be51 9 spite ( ! fact t ! contrivance has be51 z x 71 d5ud$ ( ext]nal evid5ces 9 ! c\rse ( long "t4 ,?is at lea/ is ! mo/ obvi\s inf]5ce to draw2 ! burd5 ( pro( %\ld re/ n ) ^? :o uphold function z ! mo/ important means ( organic modification1 b ) ^? :o impugn x2 x is h>dly necess>y1 h[ev]1 to say t ,mr4 ,d>w9 nev] attempt$ to impugn by way ( argum5t ! conclusions ei!r ( 8 gr&fa!r or ( ,lam>ck4 ,he wav$ !m bo? aside 9 "o or two %ort semi-contemptu\s s5t5ces1 & said no m ab\t !m--n1 at lea/1 until late 9 life he wrote 8 8,erasmus ,d>w910 & ev5 !n 8 rem>ks 7 purely biographical2 he did n say "o syllable by way ( refutation1 or ev5 ( explanation4 ,i am free to confess t1 ov]:elm+ z is ! evid5ce br\ght =w>d by ,mr4 ,sp5c] 9 ! articles already ref]r$ to1 z %[+ t accid5tal v>iations1 unguid$ by ! helm ( any ma9 g5]al pr9ciple :i* %\ld z x 7 keep _! heads /raight1 c\ld nev] accumulate ) ! results suppos$ by ,mr4 ,d>w92 & ov]:elm+1 aga91 z is ! consid]ation t ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s mo/ cru%+ argum5t 0 all[$ by ,mr4 ,d>w9 to g )\t reply1 /ill ! consid]ations aris+ f ! discov]ies ( ! la/ =ty ye>s or s 9 connection ) protoplasm1 seem to me almo/ m ov]:elm+ /ill4 ,?is evid5ce proce$s on diff]5t l9es f t adduc$ by ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 b x po9ts to ! same conclusion1 namely1 t ?\gh luck w avail mu* if back$ by cunn+ & exp]i5ce1 x is unavail+ = any p]man5t result )\t !m4 ,!re is an irony :i* seems almo/ always to att5d on ^? :o ma9ta9 t protoplasm is ! only liv+ sub/ance :i* ere long po9ts _! conclusions ! opposite way to t :i* !y desire--9 ! v la/ direction1 inde$1 9 :i* !y ( all p 9 ! _w w\ld will+ly see !m po9t$4 ,x may be ask$ :y ,i %\ld h s /rong an objection to see+ protoplasm z ! only liv+ sub/ance1 :5 ,i f9d ?is view s useful to me z t5d+ to sub/antiate design--:i* ,i admit t ,i h z mu* & z s]i\sly at he>t z ,i c all[ myself to h any matt] :i*1 aft] all1 c s little affect daily conduct2 ,i reply t x is no "p ( my bus9ess to inquire :e!r ?is or t makes = my pet !ories or aga9/ !m2 my conc]n is to inquire :e!r or no x is borne out by facts1 & ,i f9d ! op9ion t protoplasm is ! "o liv+ sub/ance un/able1 inasmu* z x is an attempt to make a halt :]e no halt c be made4 ,?is is en\gh2 b1 fur!rmore1 ! fact t ! protoplasmic p>ts ( ! body are m liv+ ?an ! non-protoplasmic--:i* ,i _c d5y1 )\t d5y+ t x is any long] conv5i5t to ?9k ( life & dea? at all--w answ] my purpose to ! full z well or bett]4 ,i po9t$ out ano!r consequ5ce1 :i*1 aga91 0 cruelly ! rev]se ( :at ! promot]s ( ! protoplasm movem5t might be suppos$ anxi\s to arrive at--9 a s]ies ( articles :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,exam9] dur+ ! summ] ( #ahgi1 & %[$ t if protoplasm 7 held to be ! sole seat ( life1 !n ?is unity 9 ! sub/ance vivify+ all1 bo? animals & plants1 mu/ be held z unit+ !m into a s+le corporation or body--especially :5 _! community ( desc5t is borne 9 m9d--m effectually ?an any m]ely sup]ficial sep>ation into individuals c be held to disunite !m1 & t ?us protoplasm mu/ be se5 z ! life ( ! _w--z a va/ body corporate1 nev] dy+ till ! e>? itself %all pass away4 ,?is came practically to say+ t protoplasm 0 ,god ,almighty1 :o1 ( all ! =ms op5 to ,him1 _h *os5 ?is s+ul>ly unattractive "o z ! *annel ?r\gh :i* to make ,himself manife/ 9 ! fle% by tak+ our nature ^u ,him1 & animat+ u ) ,8 own ,_s4 ,our biologi/s1 9 fact1 7 fa/ ne>+ ! conception ( a ,god :o 0 bo? p]sonal & mat]ial1 b :o c\ld n be made to squ>e ) pan!i/ic notions inasmu* z no provision 0 made = ! inorganic _w2 &1 inde$1 !y seem to h become al>m$ at ! grotesqu5ess ( ! position 9 :i* !y mu/ ere long h f\nd !mselves1 = 9 ! autumn ( #ahgi ! boom collaps$1 & !nce=? ! lead+ reviews & magaz9es h kn[n protoplasm no m4 ,ab\t ! same "t ba?ybius1 :i* at "o "t bade fair to supplant x ^u ! ?rone ( popul>ity1 di$ sudd5ly1 z ,i am told1 at ,norwi*1 "u circum/ances :i* did n transpire1 nor has its "n1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 be5 ev] aga9 m5tion$4 ,s mu* = ! conclusions 9 reg>d to ! l>g] aspect ( life tak5 z a :ole :i* mu/ foll[ f conf9+ life to protoplasm2 b !re is ano!r aspect--t1 namely1 :i* reg>ds ! individual4 ,! inevitable consequ5ces ( conf9+ life to ! protoplasmic p>ts ( ! body 7 j z unexpect$ & unwelcome "h z !y _h be5 ) reg>d to life at l>ge2 =1 z ,i h already po9t$ out1 !re is no draw+ ! l9e at protoplasm & re/+ at ?is po9t2 nor yet at ! next halt+-po9t beyond2 nor at ! "o beyond t4 ,h[ (t5 is ?is process to be repeat$8 & 9 :at c x end b 9 ! rehabilitation ( ! s\l z an e!real1 spiritual1 vital pr9ciple1 ap>t f matt]1 :i*1 nev]!less1 x animates1 vivify+ ! clay ( our bodies8 ,no "o :o has foll[$ ! c\rse ei!r ( biology or psy*ology dur+ ?is c5tury1 & m especially dur+ ! la/ five-&-tw5ty ye>s1 w tol]ate ! re9troduction ( ! s\l z some?+ ap>t f ! sub/ratum 9 :i* bo? feel+ & action mu/ be held to inh]e4 ,! notion ( matt] be+ ev] *ang$ except by o!r matt] 9 ano!r /ate is s %ock+ to ! intellectual consci5ce t x may be dismiss$ )\t discussion2 yet if ba?ybius _h n be5 promptly dealt )1 x mu/ h become app>5t ev5 to ! ,briti% public t !re 7 inde$ b few /eps f protoplasm1 z ! only liv+ sub/ance1 to vital pr9ciple4 ,our biologi/s !re=e /ifl$ ba?ybius1 p]haps ) ju/ice1 c]ta9ly ) prud5ce1 & left protoplasm to its fate4 ,any "o :o reads ,pr(essor ,allman's address above ref]r$ to ) due c>e w see t he 0 uneasy ab\t protoplasm1 ev5 at ! "t ( its greate/ popul>ity4 ,pr(essor ,allman nev] says outright t ! non-protoplasmic p>ts ( ! body are no m alive ?an *airs & tables are4 ,he said :at involv$ ?is z an inevitable consequ5ce1 & !re c be no d\bt t ?is is :at he want$ to convey1 b he nev] insi/$ on x ) ! outspok5ness & emphasis ) :i* s />tl+ a p>adox %\ld alone be (f]$ u = acceptance2 nor is x easy to believe t 8 reluctance to express 8 conclusion totidem v]bis 0 n due to a s5se t x might ere long prove m conv5i5t n to h done s4 ,:5 ,i advocat$ ! !ory ( ! liv+ness1 or quasi-liv+ness ( ma*9es1 9 ! *apt]s ( 8,ere:on0 ( :i* all else t ,i h writt5 on biological subjects is a developm5t1 ,i took c>e t p %\ld see ! position 9 its extreme =m2 ! non-liv+ness ( bodily organs is to ! full z />tl+ a p>adox z ! liv+ness ( non-bodily ones1 & we h a "r to expect ! fulle/ explicitness f ^? :o advance x4 ,( c\rse x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t a ma*9e c only claim any appreciable ev5 aroma ( liv+ness s long z x is 9 actual use4 ,9 8,ere:on0 ,i did n ?9k x necess>y to insi/ on ?is1 & did n1 inde$1 yet fully "k :at ,i 0 driv+ at4 ,! same disposition to avoid committ+ !mselves to ! ass]tion t any "p ( ! body is non-liv+ may be obs]v$ 9 ! writ+s ( ! o!r au?orities ^u protoplasm above ref]r$ to2 ,i h se>*$ all !y said1 & _c f9d a s+le passage 9 :i* !y decl>e ev5 ! osse\s p>ts ( a bone to be non-liv+1 ?\gh ?is conclusion 0 ! raison d'tre ( all !y 7 say+ & foll[$ z an obvi\s inf]5ce4 ,! read] w probably agree ) me 9 ?9k+ t su* retic5ce c only h be5 due to a feel+ t ! gr\nd 0 "o on :i* x behov$ !m to walk circumspectly2 !y probably felt1 aft] a vague1 ill-def9$ fa%ion1 t ! m !y r$uc$ ! body to me*anism ! m !y laid x op5 to an oppon5t to raise me*anism to ! body1 b1 h[ev] ?is may be1 !y dropp$ protoplasm1 z ,i h said1 9 "s ha/e ) ! autumn ( #ahgi4 ,*apt] ,x ,! ,attempt to ,elim9ate ,m9d ,,:at1 x may be ask$1 7 our biologi/s really aim+ at8--= m5 l ,pr(essor ,huxley d n s]ve protoplasm = n\ght4 ,!y want$ a good _m ?+s1 "s ( !m m righte\s ?an o!rs1 b all intelligible4 ,among ! m lawful ( _! desires 0 a crav+ aft] a moni/ic conception ( ! univ]se4 ,we all desire ?is2 :o c turn 8 ?\ghts to ^! matt]s at all & n in/9ctively lean t[>ds ! old conception ( "o supreme & ultimate ess5ce z ! s\rce f :i* all ?+s proce$ & h proce$$1 bo? n[ & ev]8 ,! mo/ /rik+ & app>5tly mo/ /able !ory ( ! la/ qu>t] ( a c5tury _h be5 ,sir ,william ,grove's !ory ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy2 & yet :]e9 is !re any sub/antial diff]5ce betwe5 ?is rec5t outcome ( mod]n amateur1 & h5ce mo/ s9c]e1 sci5ce--po9t+ z x does to an imp]i%able1 & z su* un*angeable1 & z su*1 aga91 = ev] unkn[able und]ly+ sub/ance ! modes ( :i* alone *ange--:]e91 except 9 m]e v]bal co/ume1 does ?is diff] f ! conclusions arriv$ at by ! psalmi/8 8,( old10 he exclaims1 8ha/ ,?\ laid ! f\ndation ( ! e>?2 & ! heav5s are ! "w ( ,?y h&s4 ,!y %all p]i%1 b ,?\ %alt endure2 yea1 all ( !m %all wax old l a g>m5t2 z a ve/ure %alt ,?\ *ange !m & !y %all be *ang$2 b ,?\ art ! same1 & ,?y ye>s %all h no end40 #ace;a ,i "k n :at !ologians may ?9k ( ?is passage1 b f a sci5tific po9t ( view x is unassailable4 ,s aga91 8,o ,"l10 he exclaims1 8,?\ ha/ se>*$ me out1 & kn[n me3 ,?\ kn[e/ my d[n-sitt+ & m9e up-ris+2 ,?\ und]/&e/ my ?\ghts long be=e4 ,?\ art ab\t my pa?1 & ab\t my b$3 & spie/ out all my ways4 ,= lo1 !re is n a ^w 9 my tongue b ,?\1 ,o ,"l1 kn[e/ x altoge!r 4 4 4 ,:i!r %all ,i g1 !n1 f ,?y ,_s8 ,or :i!r %all ,i g1 !n1 f ,?y pres5ce8 ,if ,i climb up into heav5 ,?\ art !re3 if ,i g d[n to hell1 ,?\ art !re also4 ,if ,i take ! w+s ( ! morn+1 & rema9 9 ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! sea1 ev5 !re also %all ,?y h& lead me & ,?y "r h& %all hold me4 ,if ,i say1 ,p]adv5ture ! d>kness %all cov] me1 !n %all my night be turn$ to day4 ,yea1 ! d>kness is no d>kness ) ,!e1 b 4 4 4 ! d>kness & light to ,!e are bo? alike40 #acf;a ,:at conv5tion or %ort cut c symbolise = u ! results ( lab\r$ & complicat$ *a9s ( reason+ or br+ !m m aptly & concisely home to u ?an ! "o suppli$ long s9ce by ! ^w ,god8 ,:at c approa* m ne>ly to a r5d]+ ( t :i* _c be r5d]$--! idea ( an ess5ce omnipres5t 9 all ?+s at all times ev]y:]e 9 sky & e>? & sea2 ev] *ang+1 yet ! same ye/]day1 to-day1 & = ev]2 ! ineffable contradiction 9 t]ms ^: pres5ce none c ei!r ev] ent]1 or ev] escape8 ,or r1 :at conv5tion w\ld h be5 m apt if x _h n be5 lo/ sight ( z a conv5tion & come to be reg>d$ z an idea 9 actual correspond5ce ) a m or less kn[able reality8 ,a conv5tion 0 conv]t$ into a feti%1 & n[ t its wor?lessness z a feti% is be+ g5]ally felt1 its great value z a hi]oglyph or conv5tion is 9 dang] ( be+ lo/ sight (4 ,no d\bt ! psalmi/ 0 seek+ = ,sir ,william ,grove's conception1 if haply he might feel aft] x & f9d x1 & assur$ly x is n f> f e "o ( u4 ,b ! c\rse ( true philosophy nev] did run smoo?2 no soon] h we fairly grasp$ ! conception ( a s+le et]nal & = ev] unkn[able und]ly+ sub/ance1 !n we are fac$ by m9d & matt]4 ,long-/&+ ideas & curr5t language alike lead u to see ^! z di/9ct ?+s--m9d be+ /ill commonly reg>d$ z some?+ t acts on body f )\t z ! w9d bl[s ^u a leaf1 & z no less an actual entity ?an ! body4 ,nei!r body nor m9d seems less ess5tial to our exi/5ce ?an ! o!r2 n only d we feel ?is z reg>ds our own exi/5ce1 b we feel x also z p]vad+ ! :ole _w ( life2 ev]y:]e we see body & m9d work+ toge!r t[>ds results t mu/ be ascrib$ equally to bo?2 b !y are two1 n "o2 if1 !n1 we are to h our moni/ic conception1 x w\ld seem z ?\gh "o ( ^! mu/ yield to ! o!r2 :i*1 !re=e1 is x to be8 ,?is is a v old "q4 ,"s1 f "t immemorial1 h tri$ to get rid ( matt] by r$uc+ x to a m]e concept ( ! m9d1 & _! foll[]s h arriv$ at conclusions t may be logically irrefragable1 b are z f> remov$ f common s5se z !y are 9 accord ) logic2 at any rate !y h fail$ to satisfy1 & matt] is no ne>] be+ got rid ( n[ ?an x 0 :5 ! discussion fir/ began4 ,o!rs1 aga91 h tri$ mat]ialism1 h decl>$ ! causative action ( bo? ?\ght & feel+ to be deceptive1 & posit matt] obey+ fix$ laws ( :i* ?\ght & feel+ mu/ be admitt$ z concomitants1 b ) :i* !y h no causal connection4 ,! same ?+ has happ5$ to ^! m5 z to _! oppon5ts2 !y made out an excell5t case on pap]1 b ?\ght & feel+ /ill rema9 ! ma9spr+s ( action t !y h be5 always held to be4 ,we /ill say1 8,i gave him #e because ,i felt pleas$ ) him1 & ?\ght he w\ld l x20 or1 8,i knock$ him d[n because ,i felt angry1 & ?\ght ,i w\ld tea* him bett] mann]s40 ,omnipres5t life & m9d ) appe>ances ( brute non-liv+ness--:i* appe>ances are deceptive2 ?is is "o view4 ,omnipres5t non-liv+ness or me*anism ) appe>ances z ?\gh ! me*anism 7 guid$ & controll$ by ?\ght--:i* appe>ances are deceptive2 ?is is ! o!r4 ,betwe5 ^! two views ! slaves ( logic h oscillat$ = c5turies1 & to all appe>ance w cont9ue to oscillate = c5turies m4 ,p :o ?9k--z aga9/ ^? :o feel & act--want h>d & fa/ l9es--)\t :i*1 inde$1 !y _c ?9k at all2 ^! l9es are z x 7 /eps cut on a slope ( ice )\t :i* !re w\ld be no desc5d+ x4 ,:5 we h begun to travel ! d[nw>d pa? ( ?\ght1 we ask ourselves que/ions ab\t life & dea?1 ego & non ego1 object & subject1 necessity & free w1 & o!r k9dr$ subjects4 ,we want to "k :]e we are1 & 9 ! hope ( simplify+ matt]s1 /rip1 z x 71 ea* subject to ! sk91 & f9d+ t ev5 ?is has n fre$ x f all extrane\s matt]1 flay x alive 9 ! hope t if we grub d[n deep en\gh we %all come ^u x 9 its pure unalloy$ /ate free f all inconv5i5t complication ?r\gh int]mixture ) any?+ ali5 to itself4 ,!n1 inde$1 we c docket x1 & pigeon-hole x = :at x is2 b :at c we d ) x till we h got x pure8 ,we want to acc\nt = ?+s1 :i* means t we want to "k to :i* ( ! v>i\s acc\nts op5$ 9 our m5tal l$g] we ought to c>ry !m--& h[ c we d ?is if we admit a ph5om5on to be nei!r "o ?+ nor ! o!r1 b to belong to half-a-doz5 diff]5t acc\nts 9 proportions :i* (t5 _c ev5 approximately be det]m9$8 ,if we are to keep acc\nts we mu/ keep !m 9 reasonable compass2 & if keep+ !m )9 reasonable compass involves some?+ ( a ,procru/ean arrangem5t1 we may regret x1 b _c help x2 hav+ set up z ?9k]s we h got to ?9k1 & mu/ adh]e to ! only conditions "u :i* ?\ght is possible2 life1 !re=e1 mu/ be life1 all life1 & no?+ b life1 & s ) dea?1 free w1 necessity1 design1 & ev]y?+ else4 ,?is1 at lea/1 is h[ philosoph]s mu/ ?9k conc]n+ !m 9 !ory2 9 practice1 h[ev]1 n ev5 ,john ,/u>t ,mill himself c\ld elim9ate all ta9t ( its opposite f any "o ( ^! ?+s1 any m ?an ,lady ,macbe? c\ld cle> h] h& ( blood2 inde$1 ! m ne>ly we ?9k we h succe$$ ! m c]ta9 are we to f9d ourselves ere long mock$ & baffl$2 & ?is1 ,i take x1 is :at our biologi/s began 9 ! autumn ( #ahgi to discov] _h happ5$ to !mselves4 ,= "s ye>s !y _h be5 try+ to get rid ( feel+1 consci\sness1 & m9d g5]ally1 f active p>ticipation 9 ! evolution ( ! univ]se4 ,!y admitt$1 inde$1 t feel+ & consci\sness att5d ! work+ ( ! _w's ge>1 z noise att5ds ! work+ ( a /eam-eng9e1 b !y w\ld n all[ t consci\sness produc$ m effect 9 ! work+ ( ! _w ?an noise on t ( ! /eam-eng9e4 ,feel+ & noise 7 alike accid5tal uness5tial adjuncts & no?+ m4 ,incr$ible z x may seem to ^? :o are happy en\gh n to "k t ?is attempt is an old "o1 !y 7 try+ to r$uce ! _w to ! level ( a piece ( un]r+ ?\gh s5ti5t me*anism4 ,m5 & animals mu/ be all[$ to feel & ev5 to reflect2 ?is mu* mu/ be conc$$1 b grant$ t !y d1 /ill 7s1 at lea/1 x 0 cont5d$7 x has no effect ^u ! result2 x does n matt] z f> z ?is is conc]n$ :e!r !y feel & ?9k or n2 ev]y?+ w\ld g on exactly z x does & always has done1 ?\gh nei!r man nor bea/ knew nor felt any?+ at all4 ,x is only by ma9ta9+ ?+s l ?is t p w get p5sions out ( ! ,briti% public4 ,"s su* position z ?is is a s9e qu non = ! ,neo-,d>w9i/ic doctr9e ( natural selection1 :i*1 z ,von ,h>tmann ju/ly obs]ves1 involves an ess5tially me*anical m9dless conception ( ! univ]se2 to natural selection's door1 !re=e1 ! blame ( ! :ole movem5t 9 fav\r ( me*anism mu/ be ju/ly laid4 ,x 0 natural t ^? :o _h be5 =emo/ 9 prea*+ m9dless designless luck z ! ma9 means ( organic modification1 %\ld l5d !mselves ) alacrity to ! task ( gett+ rid ( ?\ght & feel+ f all %>e 9 ! direction & gov]nance ( ! _w4 ,pr(essor ,huxley1 z usual1 0 among ! =emo/ 9 ?is good "w1 & :e!r influ5c$ by ,hobbes1 or ,desc>tes1 or ,mr4 ,spald+1 or ev5 by ! ma*9e *apt]s 9 8,ere:on0 :i* 7 /ill rec5t1 ,i d n "k1 l$ (f ) 8 article 8,on ! hypo!sis t animals are automata0 7:i* x may be obs]v$ is ! exact conv]se ( ! hypo!sis t automata are animat$7 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review = ,novemb] #ahgd4 ,pr(essor ,huxley did n say outright t m5 & wom5 7 j z liv+ & j z dead z _! own wat*es1 b ?is 0 :at 8 article came to 9 sub/ance4 ,! conclusion arriv$ at 0 t animals 7 automata2 true1 !y 7 probably s5ti5t1 /ill !y 7 automata pure & simple1 m]e s5ti5t pieces ( exce$+ly elaborate clockwork1 & no?+ m4 8,pr(essor ,huxley10 says ,mr4 ,romanes1 9 8 ,r$e ,lecture = #ahhe1 #adj;a 8argues by way ( p]fectly logical d$uction f ?is /atem5t1 t ?\ght & feel+ h no?+ to d ) det]m9+ action2 !y are m]ely ! bye-products ( c]ebration1 or1 z he expresses x1 ! indices ( *anges :i* are go+ on 9 ! bra94 ,"u ?is view we are all :at he t]ms consci\s automata1 or ma*9es :i* happ51 z x 7 by *ance1 to be consci\s ( "s ( _! own movem5ts4 ,b ! consci\sness is altoge!r adv5titi\s1 & be>s ! same ineffectual relation to ! activity ( ! bra9 z a /eam :i/le be>s to ! activity ( a locomotive1 or ! /rik+ ( a clock to ! "t-keep+ adju/m5ts ( ! clockwork4 ,"h1 aga91 we meet ) an e*o ( ,hobbes1 :o op5s 8 "w on ! commonweal? ) ^! words3-- 8#8,nature1 ! art :]eby ,god ha? made & gov]ns ! _w1 is by ! art ( man1 z 9 _m o!r ?+s1 9 ?is also imitat$1 t x c make an artificial animal4 ,= see+ life is b a motion ( limbs1 ! beg9n+ :]e( is 9 ! pr9cipal "p )92 :y may we n say t all automata 7eng9es t move !mselves by spr+s & :eels z do? a wat*7 h an artificial life8 ,= :at is ! he>t b a spr+1 & ! n]ves b s _m /r+s2 & ! jo9ts b s _m :eels giv+ motion to ! :ole body1 su* z 0 int5d$ by ! artific]8' 8,n[ ?is !ory ( consci\s automatism is n m]ely a legitimate outcome ( ! !ory t n]v\s *anges are ! causes ( m5tal *anges1 b x is logically ! only possible outcome4 ,nor d ,i see any way 9 :i* ?is !ory c be f\ght on gr\nds ( physiology40 ,9 pass+1 ,i may say ! !ory t liv+ be+s are consci\s ma*9es1 c be f\ght j z mu* & j z little z ! !ory t ma*9es are unconsci\s liv+ be+s2 ev]y?+ t goes to prove ei!r ( ^! propositions goes j z well to prove ! o!r also4 ,b ,i h p]haps already said z mu* z is necess>y on ?is head2 ! ma9 po9t ) :i* ,i am conc]n$ is ! fact t ,pr(essor ,huxley 0 try+ to expel consci\sness & s5ti5ce f any causative action 9 ! work+ ( ! univ]se4 ,9 ! foll[+ mon? appe>$ ! late ,pr(essor ,clif=d's h>dly less outspok5 article1 8,body & ,m9d10 to ! same effect1 also 9 ! ,=tnightly ,review1 !n edit$ by ,mr4 ,john ,morley4 ,p]haps ?is view atta9$ its franke/ expression 9 an article by ! late ,mr4 ,spald+1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,nature1 ,augu/ #b1 #ahgg2 ! foll[+ extracts w %[ t ,mr4 ,spald+ mu/ be cr$it$ ) n play+ fa/ & loose ) 8 own conclusions1 & knew bo? h[ to ?9k a ?+ out to its extreme consequ5ces1 & h[ to put ^? consequ5ces cle>ly be=e 8 read]s4 ,mr4 ,spald+ said3-- 8,aga9/ ,mr4 ,lewes's proposition t ! movem5ts ( liv+ be+s are prompt$ & guid$ by feel+1 ,i urg$ t ! am\nt & direction ( e n]v\s dis*>ge mu/ dep5d solely on physical conditions4 ,& ,i cont5d$ t to see ?is cle>ly is to see t :5 we speak ( movem5t be+ guid$ by feel+1 we use ! language ( a less advanc$ /age ( enlight5m5t4 ,?is view has s9ce occupi$ a good deal ( att5tion4 ,"u ! "n ( automatism x has be5 advocat$ by ,pr(essor ,huxley1 & ) firm] logic by ,pr(essor ,clif=d4 ,9 ! m9ds ( our savage ance/ors feel+ 0 ! s\rce ( all movem5t 4 4 4 ,us+ ! ^w feel+ 9 its ord9>y s5se 4 4 4 we ass]t n only t no evid5ce c be giv5 t feel+ ev] does guide or prompt action1 b t ! process ( its do+ s is inconceivable4 7,italics m9e47 ,h[ c we picture to ourselves a /ate ( consci\sness putt+ 9 motion any p>ticle ( matt]1 l>ge or small8 ,puss1 :ile doz+ be=e ! fire1 he>s a light ru/le 9 ! corn]1 & d>ts t[>ds ! spot4 ,:at has happ5$8 ,c]ta9 s\nd-waves h rea*$ ! e>1 a s]ies ( physical *anges h tak5 place )9 ! organism1 special gr\ps ( muscles h be5 call$ into play1 & ! body ( ! cat has *ang$ its position on ! floor4 ,is x ass]t$ t ?is *a9 ( physical *anges is n at all po9ts complete & suffici5t 9 itself80 ,i h be5 l$ to turn to ?is article ( ,mr4 ,spald+'s by ,mr4 ,/ew>t ,duncan1 :o1 9 8 8,consci\s ,matt]10 #adb;a quotes ! latt] "p ( ! =ego+ extract4 ,mr4 ,duncan goes on to quote passages f ,pr(essor ,tyndall's utt]ances ( ab\t ! same date :i* %[ t he too took mu* ! same l9e--namely1 t !re is no causative connection betwe5 m5tal & physical processes2 f ?is x is obvi\s he mu/ h suppos$ t physical processes w\ld g on j z well if !re 7 no accompanim5t ( feel+ & consci\sness at all4 ,i h said en\gh to %[ t 9 ! decade1 r\ghly1 betwe5 #ahgj & #ahhj ! set ( op9ion among our lead+ biologi/s 0 /rongly aga9/ m9d1 z hav+ 9 any way influ5c$ ! developm5t ( animal & vegetable life1 & x is n likely to be d5i$ t ! prom95ce :i* ! m9dless !ory ( natural selection _h assum$ 9 m5's ?\ghts s9ce #ahfj 0 "o ( ! *ief reasons1 if n ! *ief1 = ! turn op9ion 0 tak+4 ,our lead+ biologi/s _h /ak$ s heavily ^u natural selection f among =tuit\s v>iations t !y w\ld h be5 m ?an human if !y _h n caught at ev]y?+ t seem$ to give x col\r & support4 ,x 0 :ile ?is me*anical fit 0 ^u !m1 & 9 ! close/ connection ) x1 t ! protoplasm boom develop$4 ,x 0 d\btless felt t if ! public c\ld be got to dislodge life1 consci\sness1 & m9d f any consid]able "p ( ! body1 x w\ld be no h>d matt] to dislodge x1 pres5tly1 f ! rema9d]2 on ?is ! deceptiv5ess ( m9d z a causative ag5t1 & ! suffici5cy ( a purely automatic conception ( ! univ]se1 z ( some?+ t w "w if a p5ny be dropp$ into ! box1 w\ld be prov$ to demon/ration4 ,x w\ld be prov$ f ! side ( m9d by consid]ations d]ivable f automatic & unconsci\s action :]e m9d ex hypo!si 0 n1 b :]e action w5t on z well or bett] )\t x ?an ) x2 x w\ld be prov$ f ! side ( body by :at !y w\ld d\btless call ! 8mo/ c>eful & exhau/ive0 exam9ation ( ! body itself by ! aid ( appliances m ample ?an _h ev] be=e be5 )9 ! rea* ( man4 ,?is 0 all v well1 b = its success "o ?+ 0 a s9e qu non--,i mean ! dislodgm5t mu/ be ?or\gh2 ! key mu/ be got clean ( ev5 ! smalle/ trace ( blood1 = unless ?is c\ld be done all ! argum5t w5t to ! pr(it n ( ! me*anism1 ) :i*1 = "s reason or o!r1 !y 7 s mu* enam\r$1 b ( ! s\l & design1 ! ideas :i* ( all o!rs 7 mo/ di/a/eful to !m4 ,!y %ut _! eyes to ?is = a long "t1 b 9 ! end appe> to h se5 t if !y 7 9 se>* ( an absolute liv+ & absolute non-liv+1 ! pa? along :i* !y 7 travell+ w\ld nev] lead !m to x4 ,!y 7 driv+ life up into a corn]1 b !y 7 n elim9at+ x1 &1 moreov]1 at ! v mom5t ( _! ?9k+ !y _h h$g$ x 9 & c\ld ?r[ _! salt ^u x1 x flew mock+ly ov] _! heads & p]*$ ^u ! place ( all o!rs :]e !y 7 mo/ sc&alis$ to see x--,i mean ^u ma*9es 9 use4 ,s !y retir$ sulkily to _! t5ts baffl$ b n a%am$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"s mon?s subsequ5t to ! completion ( ! =ego+ *apt]1 & inde$ j z ?is book is on ! po9t ( leav+ my h&s1 !re appe>s 9 ,nature #add;a a lett] f ! ,duke ( ,argyll1 :i* %[s t he too is impress$ ) ! conviction express$ above--,i mean t ! real object our m5 ( sci5ce h lately _h 9 view has be5 ! gett+ rid ( m9d f among ! causes ( evolution4 ,! ,duke says3-- 8,! viol5ce ) :i* false int]pretations 7 put ^u ?is !ory 7natural selection7 & a function 0 assign$ to x :i* x c\ld nev] fulfil1 w "s day be recognis$ z "o ( ! lea/ cr$itable episodes 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce4 ,) a curi\s p]v]sity x 0 ! weake/ elem5ts 9 ! !ory :i* 7 seiz$ ^u z ! mo/ valuable1 p>ticul>ly ! "p assign$ to bl9d *ance 9 ! occurr5ce ( v>iations4 ,?is 0 valu$ n = its sci5tific tru?1--= x c\ld pret5d to none1--b because ( its assum$ be>+ ^u ano!r field ( ?\ght & ! weapon x af=d$ = expell+ m9d f ! causes ( evolution40 ,! ,duke1 speak+ ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s two articles 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury = ,april & ,may1 #ahhf1 to :i* ,i h already call$ att5tion1 cont9ues3-- 8,9 ^! two articles we h = ! fir/ "t an av[$ & def9ite decl>ation aga9/ "s ( ! lead+ ideas on :i* ! me*anical philosophy dep5ds2 & yet ! caution1 & almo/ timidity1 ) :i* a man s em95t approa*es ! ann\ncem5t ( conclusions ( ! mo/ self-evid5t tru? is a mo/ curi\s pro( ( ! reign ( t]ror :i* has come to be e/abli%$40 ,aga9/ ?is ,i mu/ prote/2 ! ,duke _c s]i\sly ma9ta9 t ! ma9 scope & purpose ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s articles is new4 ,_! sub/ance has be5 be=e u 9 ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s own writ+s = "s two-&-tw5ty ye>s1 9 ! c\rse ( :i* ,mr4 ,sp5c] has be5 foll[$ by ,pr(essor ,miv>t1 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,j4 ,murphy1 ! ,duke ( ,argyll himself1 & _m o!r writ]s ( less note4 ,:5 ! ,duke talks ab\t ! e/abli%m5t ( a sci5tific reign ( t]ror1 ,i confess ,i reg>d su* an exagg]ation ) some?+ l impati5ce4 ,any "o :o has kn[n 8 own m9d & has _h ! c\rage ( 8 op9ions has be5 able to say :atev] he want$ to say ) z little let or h9drance dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s1 z dur+ any o!r p]iod 9 ! hi/ory ( lit]ature4 ,( c\rse1 if a man w keep blurt+ out unpopul> tru?s )\t consid]+ ^: toes he may or may n be tread+ on1 he w make enemies "s ( :om w d\btless be able to give effect to _! displeasure2 b t is "p ( ! game4 ,x is h>dly possible = any "o to oppose ! fallacy involv$ 9 ! ,*>les-,d>w9ian !ory ( natural selection m p]si/5tly & unsp>+ly ?an ,i h done myself f ! ye> #ahgg onw>ds2 naturally ,i h at times be5 v angrily attack$ 9 consequ5ce1 & z a matt] ( bus9ess h made myself z unpleasant z ,i c\ld 9 my rejo9d]s1 b ,i _c rememb] any?+ hav+ be5 ev] attempt$ aga9/ me :i* c\ld cause fe> 9 any ord9>ily con/itut$ p]son4 ,if1 !n1 ! ,duke ( ,argyll is "r 9 say+ t ,mr4 ,sp5c] has %[n a caution almo/ am\nt+ to timidity 9 attack+ ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory1 ei!r ,mr4 ,sp5c] mu/ be a s+ul>ly timid p]son1 or !re mu/ be "s cause = 8 timidity :i* is n imm$iately obvi\s4 ,if t]ror reigns any:]e among sci5tific m51 ,i %\ld say x reign$ among ^? :o h /ak$ imprud5tly on ,mr4 ,d>w9's reputation z a philosoph]4 ,i may add t ! discov]y ( ! ,duke's impression t !re exi/s a sci5tific reign ( t]ror1 expla9s a good deal 9 8 writ+s :i* x has n be5 easy to und]/& hi!rto4 ,z reg>ds ! !ory ( natural selection1 ! ,duke says3-- 8,f ! fir/ discussions :i* arose on ?is subject1 ,i h v5tur$ to ma9ta9 t 4 4 4 ! phrase #8natural-selection' repres5t$ no true physical cause1 /ill less ! complete set ( causes requisite to acc\nt = ! ord]ly procession ( organic =ms 9 ,nature2 t 9 s f> z x assum$ v>iations to arise by accid5t x 0 n only ess5tially faulty & incomplete1 b fundam5tally errone\s2 9 %ort1 t its only value lay 9 ! conv5i5ce ) :i* x gr\ps "u "o =m ( words1 highly *>g$ ) metaphor1 an imm5se v>iety ( causes1 "s purely m5tal1 "s purely vital1 & o!rs purely physical or me*anical40 ,*apt] ,,xi ,! ,way ( ,escape ,,to sum up ! conclusions hi!rto arriv$ at4 ,our philosoph]s h made ! mi/ake ( =gett+ t !y _c c>ry ! r\gh-&-ready language ( common s5se into prec9cts )9 :i* polit5ess & philosophy are supreme4 ,common s5se sees life & dea? z di/9ct /ates hav+ no?+ 9 common1 & h5ce 9 all respects ! anti!ses ( "o ano!r2 s t ) common s5se !re %\ld be no degrees ( liv+ness1 b if a ?+ is alive at all x is z mu* alive z ! mo/ liv+ ( u1 & if dead at all x is /one dead 9 e "p ( x4 ,our philosoph]s h ex]cis$ too little consid]ation 9 reta9+ ?is view ( ! matt]4 ,!y say t an amba is z mu* a liv+ be+ z a man is1 & d n all[ t a well-gr[n1 highly educat$ man 9 robu/ heal? is m liv+ ?an an idiot cripple4 ,!y say he diff]s f ! cripple 9 _m important respects1 b n 9 degree ( liv+ness4 ,yet1 z we h se5 already1 ev5 common s5se by us+ ! ^w 8dy+0 admits degrees ( life2 t is to say1 x admits a m & a less2 ^?1 !n1 = :om ! sup]ficial aspects ( ?+s are insuffici5t %\ld surely f9d no difficulty 9 admitt+ t ! degrees are m num]\s ?an is dream$ ( 9 ! some:at limit$ philosophy :i* common s5se alone kn[s4 ,liv+ness dep5ds on range ( p[]1 v]satility1 weal? ( body & m9d--h[ (t51 inde$1 d we n see p tak+ a new lease ( life :5 !y h come into money ev5 at an advanc$ age2 x v>ies z ^! v>y1 beg9n+ ) ?+s t1 ?\gh !y h m9d en\gh = an outsid] to swe> by1 c h>dly be said to h yet f\nd x out !mselves1 & advanc+ to ^? t "k _! own m9ds z fully z any?+ 9 ?is _w does s4 ,! m a ?+ kn[s its own m9d ! m liv+ x becomes1 = life view$ bo? 9 ! individual & 9 ! g5]al z ! outcome ( accumulat$ developm5ts1 is "o long process ( specialis+ consci\sness & s5sation2 t is to say1 ( gett+ to "k "o's own m9d m & m fully ^u a great] & great] v>iety ( subjects4 ,on ?is ,i hope to t\* m fully 9 ano!r book2 9 ! meantime ,i w\ld repeat t ! error ( our philosoph]s consi/s 9 n hav+ borne 9 m9d t :5 !y quitt$ ! gr\nd on :i* common s5se c claim au?ority1 !y %\ld h reconsid]$ ev]y?+ t common s5se _h taught !m4 ,! vot>ies ( common s5se make ! same mi/ake z philosoph]s d1 b !y make x 9 ano!r way4 ,philosoph]s try to make ! language ( common s5se s]ve = purposes ( philosophy1 =gett+ t !y are 9 ano!r _w1 9 :i* ano!r tongue is curr5t2 common s5se p1 on ! o!r h&1 e n[ & !n attempt to deal ) matt]s ali5 to ! r\t9e ( daily life4 ,! b\nd>ies betwe5 ! two k+doms be+ v badly def9$1 x is only by giv+ !m a wide b]? & be+ s philosophical z almo/ to d5y t !re is any ei!r life or dea? at all1 or else s full ( common s5se z to refuse to see "o "p ( ! body z less liv+ ?an ano!r1 t we c hope to /e] cle> ( d\bt1 inconsi/5cy1 & contradiction 9 t]ms 9 almo/ e o!r ^w we utt]4 ,we _c s]ve ! ,god ( philosophy & ! ,mammon ( common s5se at "o & ! same "t1 & yet x w\ld almo/ seem z ?\gh ! mak+ ! be/ t c be made ( bo? ^! worlds 7 ! :ole duty ( organism4 ,x is easy to und]/& h[ ! error ( philosoph]s arose1 =1 slaves ( habit z we all are1 we are m especially slaves :5 ! habit is "o t has n be5 f\nd tr\blesome4 ,!re is no d5y+ t x saves tr\ble to h ?+s ei!r "o ?+ or ! o!r1 & inde$ = all ! common purposes ( life if a ?+ is ei!r alive or dead ! small supplem5t>y residue ( ! opposite /ate %\ld be neglect$ z too small to be obs]vable4 ,if x is good to eat we h no difficulty 9 kn[+ :5 x is dead en\gh to be eat52 if n good to eat1 b valuable = its sk91 we "k :5 x is dead en\gh to be sk9n$ ) impunity2 if x is a man1 we "k :5 he has pres5t$ en\gh ( ! ph5om5a ( dea? to all[ ( our bury+ him & adm9i/]+ 8 e/ate2 9 fact1 ,i _c call to m9d any case 9 :i* ! decision ( ! "q :e!r man or bea/ is alive or dead is frequ5tly f\nd to be p]plex+2 h5ce we h become s accu/om$ to ?9k !re c be no admixture ( ! two /ates1 t we h f\nd x almo/ impossible to avoid c>ry+ ?is crude view ( life & dea? into doma9s ( ?\ght 9 :i* x has no application4 ,!re c be no d\bt t :5 accuracy is requir$ we %\ld see life & dea? n z fundam5tally oppos$1 b z supplem5t>y to "o ano!r1 )\t ei!r's be+ ev] able to exclude ! o!r altoge!r2 ?us we %\ld inde$ see "s ?+s z m liv+ ?an o!rs1 b we %\ld see no?+ z ei!r unalloy$ly liv+ or unalloy$ly non-liv+4 ,if a ?+ is liv+1 x is s liv+ t x has "o foot 9 ! grave already2 if dead1 x is dead z a ?+ t has already re-ent]$ into ! womb ( ,nature4 ,& )9 ! residue ( life t is 9 ! dead !re is an elem5t ( dea?2 & )9 ?is !re is an elem5t ( life1 & s ad inf9itum--aga91 z reflections 9 two mirrors t face "o ano!r4 ,9 brief1 !re is no?+ 9 life ( :i* !re are n g]ms1 &1 s to speak1 h>monics 9 dea?1 & no?+ 9 dea? ( :i* g]ms & h>monics may n be f\nd 9 life4 ,ea* emphasizes :at ! o!r passes ov] mo/ lightly--ea* c>ries to its extreme conceivable developm5t t :i* 9 ! o!r is only sket*$ 9 by a fa9t sugge/ion--b nei!r has any feature rigor\sly special to itself4 ,grant$ t dea? is a great] new dep>ture 9 an organism's life1 ?an any s9ce t cong]ies ( bir?s & dea?s to :i* ! "n embryonic /ages is commonly giv51 /ill x is a new dep>ture ( ! same ess5tial "* z any o!r--t is to say1 ?\gh !re be mu* new !re is mu*1 n to say m1 old along ) x4 ,we %r9k f x z f any o!r *ange to ! unkn[n1 & also p]haps f an in/9ctive s5se t ! fe> ( dea? is a s9e qu non = physical & moral progress1 b ! fe> is l all else 9 life1 a sub/antial ?+ :i*1 if its f\ndations be dug ab\t1 is f\nd to re/ on a sup]/iti\s basis4 ,:]e1 & on :at pr9ciple1 are ! divid+ l9es betwe5 liv+ & non-liv+ to be drawn8 ,all attempts to draw !m hi!rto h end$ 9 deadlock & disa/]2 ( ?is ,m4 ,vianna ,de ,lima1 9 8 8,expos ,sommaire des ,?ories trans=mi/es de ,lam>ck1 ,d>w91 et ,haeckel10 #aej;a says t all attempts to trace une ligne de dm>cation nette et pr(onde entre la matire vivante et la matire in]te h brok5 d[n4 #aej;b ,il y a un re/e de vie dans le cadavre1 says ,did]ot1 #aej;c speak+ ( ! m gradual decay ( ! body aft] an easy natural dea?1 ?an aft] a sudd5 & viol5t "o2 & s ,buffon beg9s 8 fir/ volume by say+ t 8we c desc5d1 by almo/ imp]ceptible degrees1 f ! mo/ p]fect creature to ! mo/ =mless matt]--f ! mo/ highly organis$ matt] to ! mo/ entirely inorganic sub/ance40 #aej;d ,is ! l9e to be s drawn z to admit any ( ! non-liv+ )9 ! body8 ,if we answ] 8yes10 !n1 z we h se51 moiety aft] moiety is fil*$ f u1 till we f9d ourselves left face to face ) a t5u\s quasi immat]ial vital pr9ciple or s\l z animat+ an ali5 body1 ) :i* x n only has no ess5tial und]ly+ community ( sub/ance1 b ) :i* x has no conceivable po9t 9 common to r5d] a union betwe5 ! two possible1 or give ! "o a grip ( any k9d ov] ! o!r2 9 fact1 ! doctr9e ( disembodi$ spirits1 s in/9ctively reject$ by all :o ne$ be li/5$ to1 comes back z x w\ld seem1 ) a sci5tific imprimatur2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 we exclude ! non-liv+ f ! body1 !n :at are we to d ) nails t want cutt+1 dy+ sk91 or hair t is ready to fall (f8 ,are !y less liv+ ?an bra98 ,answ] 8yes10 & degrees are admitt$1 :i* we h already se5 prove fatal2 answ] 8no10 & we mu/ d5y t "o "p ( ! body is m vital ?an ano!r--& ?is is refus+ to g z f> ev5 z common s5se does2 answ] t ^! ?+s are n v important1 & we quit ! gr\nd ( equity & high philosophy on :i* we h giv5 ourselves su* airs1 & g back to common s5se z unju/ judges t w he> ^? wid[s only :o importune u4 ,z ) ! non-liv+ s also ) ! liv+4 ,are we to let x pass beyond ! limits ( ! body1 & all[ a c]ta9 tempor>y ov]fl[ ( liv+ness to orda9 z x 7 ma*9es 9 use8 ,!n dea? w f>e1 if we once let life )\t ! body1 z life f>es if we once let dea? )9 x4 ,x becomes swall[$ up 9 life1 j z 9 ! o!r case life 0 swall[$ up 9 dea?4 ,are we to conf9e x to ! body8 ,if s1 to ! :ole body1 or to p>ts8 ,& if to p>ts1 to :at p>ts1 & :y8 ,! only way out ( ! difficulty is to rehabilitate contradiction 9 t]ms1 & say t ev]y?+ is bo? alive & dead at "o & ! same "t--"s ?+s be+ mu* liv+ & little dead1 & o!rs1 aga91 mu* dead & little liv+4 ,hav+ done ?is we h only got to settle :at a ?+ is--:5 a ?+ is a ?+ pure & simple1 & :5 x is only a cong]ies ( ?+s--& we %all d\btless !n live v happily & v philosophically ev] aft]w>ds4 ,b "h ano!r difficulty faces u4 ,common s5se does inde$ "k :at is meant by a 8?+0 or 8an individual10 b philosophy _c settle ei!r ( ^! two po9ts4 ,pr(essor ,miv>t made ! "q 8,:at are ,liv+ ,be+s80 ! subject ( an article 9 "o ( our lead+ magaz9es only a v few ye>s ago4 ,he ask$1 b he did n answ]4 ,& s ,pr(essor ,moseley 0 report$ 7,times1 ,janu>y #af1 #ahhe7 z hav+ said t x 0 8almo/ impossible0 to say :at an individual 04 ,surely if x is only 8almo/0 impossible = philosophy to det]m9e ?is1 ,pr(essor ,moseley %\ld h at any rate tri$ to d x2 if1 h[ev]1 he _h tri$ & fail$1 :i* f my own exp]i5ce ,i %\ld ?9k mo/ likely1 he might h sp>$ 8 8almo/40 8,almo/0 is a v dang]\s ^w4 ,i once he>d a man say t an escape he _h _h f dr[n+ 0 8almo/0 provid5tial4 ,! difficulty ab\t def9+ an individual arises f ! fact t we may look at 8almo/0 ev]y?+ f two diff]5t po9ts ( view4 ,if we are 9 a common-s5se hum\r = simplify+ ?+s1 treat+ !m broadly1 & emphasiz+ resemblances r ?an diff]5ces1 we c f9d excell5t reasons = ignor+ recognis$ l9es ( dem>cation1 call+ ev]y?+ by a new "n1 & unify+ up till we h unit$ ! two mo/ di/ant />s 9 heav5 z meet+ & be+ l9k$ toge!r 9 ! eyes & s\ls ( m52 if we are 9 ?is hum\r individuality aft] individuality disappe>s1 & ere long1 if we are consi/5t1 no?+ w rema9 b "o univ]sal :ole1 "o true & only atom f :i* alone no?+ c be cut (f & ?r[n away on to some?+ else2 if1 on ! o!r h&1 we are 9 a subtle philosophically accurate hum\r = /ra9+ at gnats & emphasiz+ diff]5ces r ?an resemblances1 we c draw di/9ctions1 & give reasons = subdivid+ & subdivid+1 till1 unless we violate :at we *oose to call our consi/5cy some:]e1 we %all f9d ourselves ) z _m names z atoms & possible comb9ations & p]mutations ( atoms4 ,! l9es we draw1 ! mom5ts we *oose = cutt+ ?is or t (f at ?is or t place1 & !nce=? ! dubb+ x by ano!r "n1 are z arbitr>y z ! mom5ts *os5 by a ,s\?-,ea/]n ,railway port] = leav+ (f beat+ doormats2 9 ea* case d\btless !re is an approximate equity1 b x is ( a v r\gh & ready k9d4 ,:at else1 h[ev]1 c we d8 ,we c only escape ! ,scylla ( call+ ev]y?+ by "o "n1 & recognis+ no individual exi/5ces ( any k9d1 by fall+ into ! ,*>ybdis ( hav+ a "n = ev]y?+1 or by "s piece ( intellectual %>p practice l t ( ! %rewd b unpr9cipl$ ,ulysses4 ,if we 7 consi/5t hon\rable g5tlem51 into ,*>ybdis or on to ,scylla we %\ld g l lambs2 e subt]fuge by ! help ( :i* we escape our difficulty is b an arbitr>y high-h&$ act ( classification t turns a deaf e> to ev]y?+ n robu/ en\gh to hold its own2 nev]!less ev5 ! mo/ scrupul\s ( philosoph]s pockets 8 consi/5cy at a p9*1 & refuses to let ! native hue ( resolution be sickli$ o'er ) ! pale ca/ ( ?\ght1 nor yet fobb$ by ! ru/y curb ( logic4 ,he is "r1 = assur$ly ! poor intellectual abuses ( ! "t want c\nt5anc+ n[ z mu* z ev]1 b s f> z he c\nt5ances !m1 he %\ld be> 9 m9d t he is return+ to ! gr\nd ( common s5se1 & %\ld n !re=e hold himself too /iffly 9 ! matt] ( logic4 ,z ) life & dea? s ) design & abs5ce ( design or luck4 ,s also ) union & disunion4 ,!re is nev] ei!r absolute design rigor\sly p]vad+ e detail1 nor yet absolute abs5ce ( design p]vad+ any detail rigor\sly1 s1 z betwe5 sub/ances1 !re is nei!r absolute union & homog5eity1 n absolute disunion & het]og5eity2 !re is always a little place left = rep5tance2 t is to say1 9 !ory we %\ld admit t bo? design & *ance1 h[ev] well def9$1 ea* h an aroma1 z x 71 ( ! o!r4 ,:o c ?9k ( a case 9 :i* 8 own design--ab\t :i* he %\ld "k m ?an any o!r1 & f :i*1 inde$1 all 8 ideas ( design are d]iv$--0 s complete t !re 0 no *ance 9 any "p ( x8 ,:o1 aga91 c br+ =w>d a case ev5 ( ! pure/ *ance or good luck into :i* no elem5t ( design _h ent]$ directly or indirectly at any juncture8 ,?is1 nev]!less1 does n involve our be+ unable ev] to ascribe a result baldly ei!r to luck or cunn+4 ,9 "s cases a decid$ prepond]ance ( ! action1 :e!r se5 z a :ole or look$ at 9 detail1 is recognis$ at once z due to design1 purpose1 =e?\ght1 skill1 & ef=t1 & !n we prop]ly disreg>d ! undesign$ elem5t2 9 o!rs ! details _c )\t viol5ce be connect$ ) design1 h[ev] mu* ! position :i* r5d]$ ! ma9 action possible may involve design--z1 = example1 !re is no design 9 ! way 9 :i* individual pieces ( coal may hit "o ano!r :5 %ot out ( a sack1 b !re may be design 9 ! sack's be+ br\ght to ! p>ticul> place :]e x is empti$2 9 o!rs design may be s h>d to f9d t we rightly d5y its exi/5ce1 nev]!less 9 ea* case !re w be an elem5t ( ! opposite1 & ! residu>y elem5t w\ld1 if se5 ?r\gh a m5tal microscope1 be f\nd to conta9 a residu>y elem5t ( its opposite1 & ?is aga9 ( its opposite1 & s on ad inf9itum1 z ) mirrors /&+ face to face4 ,?is hav+ be5 expla9$1 & x be+ und]/ood t :5 we speak ( design 9 organism we d s ) a m5tal res]ve ( exceptis excipi5dis1 !re %\ld be no hesitation 9 hold+ ! v>i\s modifications ( plants & animals to be 9 su* prepond]at+ measure due to function1 t design1 :i* und]lies function1 is ! fitte/ idea ) :i* to connect !m 9 our m9ds4 ,we w n[ proce$ to inquire h[ ,mr4 ,d>w9 came to sub/itute1 or try to sub/itute1 ! survival ( ! luckie/ fitte/1 = ! survival ( ! mo/ cunn+ fitte/1 z held by ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck2 or m briefly h[ he came to sub/itute luck = cunn+4 ,*apt] ,,xii ,:y ,d>w9's ,v>iations 7 ,accid5tal ,,"s may p]haps d5y t ,mr4 ,d>w9 did ?is1 & say he laid s mu* /ress on use & disuse z virtually to make function 8 ma9 factor ( evolution4 ,if1 inde$1 we conf9e ourselves to isolat$ passages1 we %all f9d little difficulty 9 mak+ out a /rong case to ?is effect4 ,c]ta9ly mo/ p believe ?is to be ,mr4 ,d>w9's doctr9e1 & consid]+ h[ long & fully he _h ! e> ( ! public1 x is n likely !y w\ld ?9k ?us if ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h will$ o!rwise1 nor c\ld he h induc$ !m to ?9k z !y d if he _h n said a good deal t 0 capable ( ! con/ruction s commonly put ^u x2 b x is h>dly necess>y1 :5 address+ biologi/s1 to insi/ on ! fact t ,mr4 ,d>w9's di/9ctive doctr9e is ! d5ial ( ! comp>ative importance ( function1 or use & disuse1 z a purveyor ( v>iations1--) "s1 b n v consid]able1 exceptions1 *iefly 9 ! cases ( dome/icat$ animals4 ,he did n1 h[ev]1 make 8 di/9ctive feature z di/9ct z he %\ld h done4 ,sometimes he said "o ?+1 & sometimes ! directly opposite4 ,sometimes1 = example1 ! conditions ( exi/5ce 8includ$ natural selection0 or ! fact t ! be/ adapt$ to _! surr\nd+s live longe/ & leave mo/ (fspr+2 #aef;a sometimes 8! pr9ciple ( natural selection0 8fully embrac$0 8! expression ( conditions ( exi/5ce40 #aef;b ,x w\ld n be easy to f9d m unsatisfactory writ+ ?an ?is is1 nor any m cle>ly indicat+ a m9d ill at ease ) itself4 ,sometimes 8ants "w by inh]it$ in/9cts & inh]it$ tools20 #aeg;a sometimes1 aga91 x is surpris+ t ! case ( ants work+ by inh]it$ in/9cts has n be5 br\ght z a demon/rative argum5t 8aga9/ ! well-kn[n doctr9e ( inh]it$ habit1 z advanc$ by ,lam>ck40 #aeg;b ,sometimes ! w+lessness ( beetles inhabit+ ocean isl&s is 8ma9ly due to natural selection10 #aeg;c & ?\gh we might be tempt$ to ascribe ! rudim5t>y condition ( ! w+ to disuse1 we are on no acc\nt to d s--?\gh disuse 0 probably to "s ext5t 8comb9$ )0 natural selection2 at o!r times 8x is probable t disuse has be5 ! ma9 means ( r5d]+ ! w+s ( beetles liv+ on small expos$ isl&s0 rudim5t>y4 #aeg;d ,we may rem>k 9 pass+ t if disuse1 z ,mr4 ,d>w9 admits on ?is occasion1 is ! ma9 ag5t 9 r5d]+ an organ rudim5t>y1 use %\ld h be5 ! ma9 ag5t 9 r5d]+ x ! opposite ( rudim5t>y--t is to say1 9 br++ ab\t its developm5t4 ,! o/5sible raison d'tre1 h[ev]1 ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 is to ma9ta9 t ?is is n ! case4 ,!re is h>dly an op9ion on ! subject ( desc5t ) modification :i* does n f9d support 9 "s "o passage or ano!r ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,if x 7 desir$ to %[ t !re is no sub/antial diff]5ce betwe5 ! doctr9e ( ,erasmus ,d>w9 & t ( 8 gr&son1 x w\ld be easy to make out a good case = ?is1 9 spite ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's call+ 8 gr&fa!r's views 8errone\s10 9 ! hi/orical sket* prefix$ to ! lat] editions ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,pass+ ov] ! passage already quot$ on p4 #fb ( ?is book1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 decl>es 8habit omnipot5t & its effects h]$it>y0--a s5t5ce1 by ! way1 ?an :i* none c be ei!r m unfalt]+ly ,lam>ckian or less ta9t$ ) ! vices ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's lat] /yle--pass+ ?is ov] z hav+ be5 writt5 "s tw5ty ye>s be=e ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0--! la/ p>agraph ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 itself is purely ,lam>ckian & ,erasmus-,d>w9ian4 ,x decl>es ! laws 9 accordance ) :i* organic =ms assum$ _! pres5t %ape to be--8,gr[? ) reproduction2 ,v>iability f ! indirect & direct action ( ! ext]nal conditions ( life & f use & disuse1 c40 #aeh;a ,:]e9 does ?is diff] f ! confession ( fai? made by ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck8 ,:]e are ! accid5tal =tuit\s1 spontane\s v>iations n[8 ,& if !y are n f\nd important en\gh to dem& m5tion 9 ?is p]oration & /retto1 z x 71 ( ! :ole matt]1 9 :i* special prom95ce %\ld be giv5 to ! special feature ( ! "w1 :]e ought !y to be made important8 ,mr4 ,d>w9 imm$iately goes on3 8,a ratio ( exi/5ce s high z to lead to a /ruggle = life1 & z a consequ5ce to natural selection1 entail+ div]g5ce ( "* & ! ext9ction ( less improv$ =ms20 s t natural selection turns up aft] all4 ,yes--9 ! lett]s t compose x1 b n 9 ! _s2 n 9 ! special s5se up to ?is "t atta*$ to x 9 ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,! expression z us$ "h is "o ) :i* ,erasmus ,d>w9 w\ld h f\nd little fault1 = x means n z else:]e 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's book & on 8 title-page ! pres]vation ( 8fav\r$0 or lucky v>ieties1 b ! pres]vation ( v>ieties t h come to be v>ieties ?r\gh ! causes assign$ 9 ! prec$+ two or ?ree l9es ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's s5t5ce2 & ^! are ma9ly functional or ,erasmus-,d>w9ian2 = ! indirect action ( ! conditions ( life is ma9ly functional1 & ! direct action is admitt$ on all h&s to be b small4 ,x n[ appe>s m pla9ly1 z insi/$ ^u on an e>li] page1 t !re is n "o natural selection & "o survival ( ! fitte/1 b two1 inasmu* z !re are two classes ( v>iations f :i* nature 7suppos+ no exception tak5 to h] p]sonification7 c select4 ,! bottles h ! same labels1 & !y are ( ! same col\r1 b ! "o holds br&y1 & ! o!r toa/ & wat]4 ,nature c1 by a figure ( spee*1 be said to select f v>iations t are ma9ly functional or f v>iations t are ma9ly accid5tal2 9 ! fir/ case %e w ev5tually get an accumulation ( v>iation1 & widely diff]5t types w come into exi/5ce2 9 ! second1 ! v>iations w n occur ) suffici5t /ead9ess = accumulation to be possible4 ,9 ! body ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's book ! v>iations are suppos$ to be ma9ly due to accid5t1 & function1 ?\gh n d5i$ all efficacy1 is decl>$ to be ! greatly subord9ate factor2 natural selection1 !re=e1 has be5 hi!rto ?r\gh\t tantam\nt to luck2 9 ! p]oration ! position is rev]s$ 9 toto2 ! selection is n[ made f v>iations into :i* luck has ent]$ s little t x may be neglect$1 ! greatly prepond]at+ factor be+ function2 "h1 !n1 natural selection is tantam\nt to cunn+4 ,we are su* slaves ( words t1 see+ ! words 8natural selection0 employ$--& =gett+ t ! results ensu+ on natural selection w dep5d entirely on :at x is t is select$ f1 s t ! gi/ ( ! matt] lies 9 ?is & n 9 ! words 8natural selection0--x escap$ u t a *ange ( front _h be5 made1 & a conclusion entirely ali5 to ! t5or ( ! :ole book smuggl$ into ! la/ p>agraph z ! "o :i* x _h be5 writt5 to support2 ! book prea*$ luck1 ! p]oration cunn+4 ,& !re c be no d\bt ,mr4 ,d>w9 int5d$ t ! *ange ( front %\ld escape u2 = x _c be believ$ t he did n p]fectly well "k :at he _h done4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 edit$ & re-edit$ ) su* m9ut5ess ( revision t x may be said no detail escap$ him provid$ x 0 small en\gh2 x is incr$ible t he %\ld h all[$ ?is p>agraph to rema9 f fir/ to la/ un*ang$ 7except = ! introduction ( ! words 8by ! ,creator10 :i* are want+ 9 ! fir/ edition7 if !y did n convey ! conception he mo/ wi%$ 8 read]s to reta94 ,ev5 if 9 8 fir/ edition he _h fail$ to see t he 0 ab&on+ 9 8 la/ p>agraph all t x _h be5 8 o/5sible object mo/ especially to support 9 ! body ( 8 book1 he mu/ h become aw>e ( x long be=e he revis$ ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 = ! la/ "t2 /ill he nev] alt]$ x1 & nev] put u on our gu>d4 ,x 0 n ,mr4 ,d>w9's mann] to put 8 read] on 8 gu>d2 we might z well expect ,mr4 ,glad/one to put u on our gu>d ab\t ! ,iri% l& bills4 ,caveat lector seems to h be5 8 motto4 ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 9 ! articles already ref]r$ to1 is at pa9s to %[ t ,mr4 ,d>w9's op9ions 9 lat] life und]w5t a *ange 9 ! direction ( lay+ great] /ress on functionally produc$ modifications1 & po9ts out t 9 ! six? edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 ,mr4 ,d>w9 says1 8,i ?9k !re c be no d\bt t use 9 our dome/ic animals has /r5g!n$ & enl>g$ c]ta9 p>ts1 & disuse dim9i%$ !m20 :]eas 9 8 fir/ edition he said1 8,i ?9k !re c be little d\bt0 ( ?is4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] also quotes a passage f 8,! ,desc5t ( ,man10 9 :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 said t ev5 9 ! fir/ edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 he _h attribut$ great effect to function1 z ?\gh 9 ! lat] ones he _h attribut$ /ill m2 b if !re 0 any consid]able *ange ( position1 x %\ld n h be5 left to be toilsomely collect$ by collation ( editions1 & comp>ison ( passages f> remov$ f "o ano!r 9 o!r books4 ,if 8 m9d _h und]gone ! modification suppos$ by ,mr4 ,sp5c]1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 %\ld h said s 9 a prom95t passage ( "s lat] edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,he %\ld h said--8,9 my e>li] editions ,i und]rat$1 z n[ seems probable1 ! effects ( use & disuse z purveyors ( ! slight successive modifications ^: accumulation 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s results 9 specific diff]5ce1 & ,i laid too mu* /ress on ! accumulation ( m]ely accid5tal v>iations20 hav+ said ?is1 he %\ld h summ>is$ ! reasons t _h made him *ange 8 m9d1 & giv5 a li/ ( ! mo/ important cases 9 :i* he has se5 fit to alt] :at he _h orig9ally writt54 ,if ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h dealt ?us ) u we %\ld h readily condon$ all ! mi/akes he w\ld h be5 at all likely to h made1 = we %\ld h kn[n him z "o :o 0 try+ to help u1 tidy u up1 keep u /raight1 & enable u to use our judgm5ts to ! be/ advantage4 ,! public w =give _m errors alike ( ta/e & judgm5t1 :]e x feels t a writ] p]si/5tly desires ?is4 ,i c only rememb] a c\ple ( s5t5ces 9 ! lat] editions ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 9 :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 directly admits a *ange ( op9ion z reg>ds ! ma9 causes ( organic modification4 ,h[ %uffl+ ! fir/ ( ^! is ,i h already %[n 9 8,life & ,habit10 p4 #bfj1 & 9 8,evolution1 ,old & ,new10 p4 #cei2 ,i ne$ n1 !re=e1 say m "h1 especially z !re has be5 no rejo9d] to :at ,i !n said4 ,curi\sly en\gh ! s5t5ce does n be> out ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s cont5tion t ,mr4 ,d>w9 9 8 lat] ye>s lean$ m decid$ly t[>ds functionally produc$ modifications1 = x runs3 #afa;a--8,9 ! e>li] editions ( ?is "w ,i und]rat$1 z n[ seems probable1 ! frequ5cy & importance ( modifications due10 n1 z ,mr4 ,sp5c] w\ld h u believe1 to use & disuse1 b 8to spontane\s v>iability10 by :i* c only be int5d$1 8to v>iations 9 no way connect$ ) use & disuse10 z n be+ assignable to any kn[n cause ( g5]al application1 & ref]able z f> z we are conc]n$ to accid5t only2 s t he gives ! natural survival ( ! luckie/1 :i* is inde$ 8 di/9ctive feature1 if x des]ve to be call$ a feature at all1 great] prom95ce ?an ev]4 ,nev]!less !re is no *ange 9 8 conclud+ p>agraph1 :i* /ill rema9s an embodim5t ( ! views ( ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck4 ,! o!r passage is on p4 #dba ( ! edition ( #ahgf4 ,x /&s3--8,i h n[ recapitulat$ ! facts & consid]ations :i* h ?or\ghly0 7:y 8?or\ghly087 8conv9c$ me t species h be5 modifi$ dur+ a long c\rse ( desc5t4 ,?is has be5 effect$ *iefly ?r\gh ! natural selection ( num]\s1 successive1 slight1 fav\rable v>iations2 aid$ 9 an important mann] by ! inh]it$ effects ( ! use & disuse ( p>ts2 & 9 an unimportant mann]1 t is1 9 relation to adaptive /ructures1 :e!r pa/ or pres5t1 by ! direct action ( ext]nal conditions1 & by v>iations :i* seem to u 9 our ignorance to arise spontane\sly4 ,x appe>s t ,i =m]ly und]rat$ ! frequ5cy & value ( ^! latt] =ms ( v>iation z lead+ to p]man5t modifications ( /ructure indep5d5tly ( natural selection40 ,"h1 aga91 x is n use & disuse :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 decl>es himself to h und]valu$1 b spontane\s v>iations4 ,! s5t5ce j giv5 is "o ( ! mo/ confus+ ,i ev] read ev5 9 ! works ( ,mr ,d>w94 ,x is ! ess5ce ( 8 !ory t ! 8num]\s successive1 slight1 fav\rable v>iations10 above ref]r$ to1 %\ld be =tuit\s1 accid5tal1 spontane\s2 x is evid5t1 moreov]1 t !y are int5d$ 9 ?is passage to be accid5tal or spontane\s1 al?\gh nei!r ( ^! words is employ$1 inasmu* z use & disuse & ! action ( ! conditions ( exi/5ce1 :e!r direct or indirect1 are m5tion$ specially z sep>ate causes :i* purvey only ! m9or "p ( ! v>iations f among :i* nature selects4 ,! words 8t is1 9 relation to adaptive =ms0 %\ld be omitt$1 z surplusage t draws ! read]'s att5tion f ! po9t at issue2 ! s5t5ce really am\nts to ?is--t modification has be5 effect$ *iefly ?r\gh selection 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature f among spontane\s v>iations1 aid$ 9 an unimportant mann] by v>iations :i* qu u are spontane\s4 ,nev]!less1 ?\gh ^! spontane\s v>iations are /ill s trifl+ 9 effect t !y only aid spontane\s v>iations 9 an unimportant mann]1 9 8 e>li] editions ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?\ght !m /ill less important ?an he does n[4 ,?is comes ( t9k]+4 ,we d n "k :e!r we are on our heads or our heels4 ,we cat* ourselves repeat+ 8important10 8unimportant10 8unimportant10 8important10 l ! ,k+ :5 address+ ! jury 9 8,alice 9 ,wond]l&20 & yet ?is is ! book ( :i* ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 #afc;a says t x is 8"o ( ! greate/1 & mo/ le>n$1 ! mo/ lucid1 ! mo/ logical1 ! mo/ cru%+1 ! mo/ conclusive1 t ! _w has ev] se54 ,/ep by /ep1 & pr9ciple by pr9ciple1 x prov$ e po9t 9 its progress triumphantly be=e x w5t on to ! next4 ,s va/ an array ( facts s ?or\ghly 9 h& _h nev] be=e be5 mu/]$ & m>%all$ 9 fav\r ( any biological !ory40 ,! book & ! eulogy are well mat$4 ,i see t 9 ! p>agraph foll[+ on ! "o j quot$1 ,mr4 ,all5 says1 t 8to ! _w at l>ge ,d>w9ism & evolution became at once synonym\s t]ms40 ,c]ta9ly x 0 no fault ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's if !y did n1 b ,i w add m on ?is head pres5tly2 = ! mom5t1 return+ to ,mr4 ,d>w91 x is h>dly cr$ible1 b x is nev]!less true1 t ,mr ,d>w9 beg9s ! p>agraph next foll[+ on ! "o on :i* ,i h j reflect$ s sev]ely1 ) ! words1 8,x c h>dly be suppos$ t a false !ory w\ld expla9 9 s satisfactory a mann] z does ! !ory ( natural selection1 ! sev]al l>ge classes ( facts above specifi$40 ,if ,mr4 ,d>w9 f\nd ! l>ge classes ( facts 8satisfactorily0 expla9$ by ! survival ( ! luckie/ irrespectively ( ! cunn+ :i* enabl$ !m to turn _! luck to acc\nt1 he mu/ h be5 easily satisfi$4 ,p]haps he 0 9 ! same frame ( m9d z :5 he said #afd;a t 8ev5 an imp]fect answ] w\ld be satisfactory10 b surely ?is is be+ ?ankful = small m]cies4 ,on ! foll[+ page ,mr4 ,d>w9 says3--8,al?\gh ,i am fully0 7:y 8fully087 8conv9c$ ( ! tru? ( ! views giv5 9 ?is volume "u ! =m ( an ab/ract1 ,i by no means expect to conv9ce exp]i5c$ naturali/s10 c4 ,i h n quot$ ! :ole ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's s5t5ce1 b x implies t any exp]i5c$ naturali/ :o rema9$ unconv9c$ 0 an old-fa%ion$1 prejudic$ p]son4 ,i confess t ?is is :at ,i r feel ab\t ! exp]i5c$ naturali/s :o diff] 9 only too great numb]s f myself1 b ,i did n expect to f9d s mu* ( ! old ,adam rema9+ 9 ,mr4 ,d>w92 ,i did n expect to f9d him support me 9 ! belief t naturali/s are made ( mu* ! same /uff z o!r p1 &1 if !y are wise1 w look ^u new !ories ) di/ru/ until !y f9d !m becom+ g5]ally accept$4 ,i am n sure t ,mr4 ,d>w9 is n j a little bit flippant "h4 ,sometimes ,i ask myself :e!r x is possible t1 n be+ conv9c$1 ,i may be an exp]i5c$ naturali/ aft] all2 at o!r times1 :5 ,i read ,mr4 ,d>w9's works & ^? ( 8 eulogi/s1 ,i wond] :e!r !re is n "s o!r ,mr4 ,d>w91 "s o!r 8,orig9 ( ,species10 "s o!r ,pr(essors ,huxley1 ,tyndal1 & ,ray ,lanke/]1 & :e!r 9 ea* case "s malici\s fi5d has n palm$ (f a c\nt]feit ^u me t diff]s toto clo f ! orig9al4 ,i felt exactly ! same :5 ,i read ,goe!'s 8,wilhelm ,mei/]02 ,i c\ld n believe my eyes1 :i* nev]!less told me t ! dull diseas$ tra% ,i 0 s toilsomely read+ 0 a "w :i* 0 commonly held to be "o ( ! great lit]>y ma/]pieces ( ! _w4 ,x seem$ to me t !re mu/ be "s o!r ,goe! & "s o!r ,wilhelm ,mei/]4 ,inde$ ,i f9d myself s depress+ly out ( h>mony ) ! prevail+ n op9ion only1 b _s--if1 inde$1 ! ,huxleys1 ,tyndals1 ,miss ,buckleys1 ,ray ,lanke/]s1 & ,romaneses express ! prevail+ _s z accurately z !y appe> to d--t at times ,i f9d x difficult to believe ,i am n ! victim ( halluc9ation2 nev]!less ,i "k t ei!r e canon1 :e!r ( criticism or hon\rable conduct1 :i* ,i h le>n$ to respect is an impud5t sw9dle1 suitable = ! cloi/] only1 & hav+ no =ce or application 9 ! outside _w2 or else t ,mr4 ,d>w9 & 8 support]s are mislead+ ! public to ! full z mu* z ! !ologians ( :om !y speak at times s disapprov+ly4 ,!y s91 moreov]1 ) incomp>ably less excuse4 ,"r z !y d\btless are 9 mu*1 & mu* z we d\btless owe !m 7s we owe mu* also to ! !ologians1 & !y also are "r 9 mu*71 !y are giv+ way to a temp] :i* _c be indulg$ ) impunity4 ,i "k ! great p[] ( academicism2 ,i "k h[ in/9ctively academicism ev]y:]e mu/ range itself on ,mr4 ,d>w9's side1 & h[ askance x mu/ look on ^? :o write z ,i d2 b ,i "k also t !re is a p[] be=e :i* ev5 academicism mu/ b[1 & to ?is p[] ,i look n unhopefully = support4 ,z reg>ds ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s cont5tion t ,mr4 ,d>w9 lean$ m t[>ds function z he grew old]1 ,i d n d\bt t at ! end ( 8 life ,mr4 ,d>w9 believ$ modification to be ma9ly due to function1 b ! passage quot$ on page #fb writt5 9 #ahci1 c\pl$ ) ! conclud+ p>agraph ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 writt5 9 #ahei1 & all[$ to /& dur+ sev5te5 ye>s ( revision1 ?\gh s mu* else 0 alt]$--^! passages1 :5 _! dates & surr\nd+s are consid]$1 sugge/ /rongly t ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?\ght dur+ all ! =ty ye>s or s ?us cov]$ exactly z 8 gr&fa!r & ,lam>ck _h done1 & inde$ z all s5sible p s9ce ,buffon wrote h done if !y h accept$ evolution at all4 ,!n :y %\ld he n h said s8 ,:at object c\ld he h 9 writ+ an elaborate "w to support a !ory :i* he knew all ! "t to be unt5able8 ,! impropriety ( su* a c\rse1 unless ! "w 01 l ,buffon's1 transp>5tly ironical1 c\ld only be mat*$ by its fatu\sness1 or inde$ by ! folly ( "o :o %\ld assign action s motiveless to any "o out ( a lunatic asylum4 ,?is s\nds well1 b un=tunately we _c =get t :5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 wrote ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 he claim$ to be ! orig9ator ( ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification g5]ally2 t he did ?is )\t "o ^w ( ref]5ce ei!r to ,buffon or ,erasmus ,d>w9 until ! fir/ six ?\s& copies ( 8 book _h be5 sold1 & !n ) z meagre1 inadequate notice z c be well conceiv$4 ,lam>ck 0 j nam$ 9 ! fir/ editions ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 b only to be told t ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h n got any?+ to give him1 & he mu/ g away2 ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges ( ,creation0 0 also j m5tion$1 b only 9 a s5t5ce full ( su* gross misrepres5tation t ,mr4 ,d>w9 did n v5ture to /& by x1 & expung$ x 9 lat] editions1 z usual1 )\t call+ att5tion to :at he _h done4 ,x w\ld h be5 9 ! highe/ degree imprud5t1 n to say impossible1 = "o s consci5ti\s z ,mr4 ,d>w9 to h tak5 ! l9e he took 9 respect ( desc5t ) modification g5]ally1 if he 7 n provid$ ) "s o/5sibly di/9ctive feature1 9 virtue ( :i*1 if p said any?+1 he might claim to h advanc$ some?+ diff]5t1 & widely diff]5t1 f ! !ory ( evolution prop\nd$ by 8 illu/ri\s pr$ecessors2 a di/9ctive !ory ( "s sort1 !re=e1 _h got to be look$ =--& if p look 9 ?is _s !y c g5]ally f9d4 ,i imag9e t ,mr4 ,d>w91 ca/+ ab\t = a sub/antial diff]5ce1 & be+ unable to f9d "o1 committ$ ! ,glad/onian blund] ( mi/ak+ an unsub/antial = a sub/antial "o4 ,x 0 d\btless because he suspect$ x t he nev] took u fully into 8 confid5ce1 nor 9 all probability all[$ ev5 to himself h[ deeply he di/ru/$ x4 ,mu*1 h[ev]1 z he dislik$ ! accumulation ( accid5tal v>iations1 he dislik$ n claim+ ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification /ill m2 & if he 0 to claim ?is1 accid5tal 8 v>iations _h got to be4 ,accid5tal !y accord+ly 71 b 9 z obscure & p]functory a fa%ion z ,mr4 ,d>w9 c\ld make !m consi/5tly ) _! be+ to h& z accid5tal v>iations %\ld lat] developm5ts make ?is conv5i5t4 ,"u ^! circum/ances x 0 h>dly to be expect$ t ,mr4 ,d>w9 %\ld help ! read] to foll[ ! work+s ( 8 m9d--nor1 aga91 t a book ! writ] ( :i* 0 hamp]$ z ,i h suppos$ %\ld prove cle> & easy read+4 ,! attitude ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's m9d1 :atev] x may h be5 9 reg>d to ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification g5]ally1 goes s f> to expla9 8 attitude 9 respect to ! !ory ( natural selection 7:i*1 x _c be too (t5 repeat$1 is only "o ( ! conditions ( exi/5ce advanc$ z ! ma9 means ( modification by ! e>li] evolutioni/s71 t x is wor? :ile to settle ! "q once = all :e!r ,mr4 ,d>w9 did or did n believe himself ju/ifi$ 9 claim+ ! !ory ( desc5t z an orig9al discov]y ( 8 own4 ,?is w be a task ( "s little l5g?1 & may p]haps try ! read]'s pati5ce1 z x assur$ly tri$ m9e2 if1 h[ev]1 he w read ! two foll[+ *apt]s1 he w probably be able to make up 8 m9d ^u mu* t w o!rwise1 if he ?9ks ab\t x at all1 cont9ue to puzzle him4 ,*apt] ,,xiii ,d>w9's ,claim to ,desc5t ) ,modification ,,mr4 ,,all51 9 8 8,*>les ,d>w910 #afh;a says t 89 ! public m9d ,mr4 ,d>w9 is commonly reg>d$ z ! discov]] & f\nd] ( ! evolution hypo!sis10 & on p4 #agg he says t to mo/ m5 ,d>w9ism & evolution mean "o & ! same ?+4 ,mr4 ,all5 decl>es misconception on ?is matt] to be 8s extremely g5]al0 z to be 8almo/ univ]sal20 ?is is m true ?an cr$itable to ,mr4 ,d>w94 ,mr4 ,all5 says #afh;b t ?\gh ,mr4 ,d>w9 ga9$ 8f> wid] g5]al acceptance0 = bo? ! doctr9e ( desc5t 9 g5]al1 & = t ( ! desc5t ( man f a simi\s or semi-simi\s ance/or 9 p>ticul>1 8he laid no sort ( claim to orig9ality or proprietor%ip 9 ei!r !ory40 ,?is is n ! case4 ,no "o c claim a !ory m frequ5tly & m effectually ?an ,mr4 ,d>w9 claim$ desc5t ) modification1 nor1 z ,i h already said1 is x likely t ! misconception ( :i* ,mr4 ,all5 compla9s w\ld be g5]al1 if he _h n s claim$ x4 ,! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 beg9s3-- 8,:5 on bo>d ,h4,m4,s4 ,beagle1 z naturali/1 ,i 0 mu* /ruck ) c]ta9 facts 9 ! di/ribution ( ! inhabitants ( ,s\? ,am]ica1 & 9 ! geological relation ( ! pres5t to ! pa/ inhabitants ( t cont95t4 ,^! facts seem$ to me to ?r[ "s light on ! orig9 ( species--t my/]y ( my/]ies1 z x has be5 call$ by "o ( our greate/ philosoph]s4 ,on my return home x occurr$ to me1 9 #ahcg1 t some?+ might p]haps be made out on ?is "q by pati5tly accumulat+ & reflect+ ^u all sorts ( facts :i* c\ld possibly h any be>+ on x4 ,aft] five ye>s' "w ,i all[$ myself to speculate ^u ! subject1 & drew up "s %ort notes2 ^! ,i enl>g$ 9 #ahdd #afi;a into a sket* ( ! conclusions :i* !n seem$ to me probable4 ,f t p]iod to ! pres5t day ,i h /eadily pursu$ ! same object4 ,i hope ,i may be excus$ ^! p]sonal details1 z ,i give !m to %[ t ,i h n be5 ha/y 9 com+ to a decision40 ,?is is bl&1 b p]emptory4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 implies t ! m]e ask+ ( ! "q h[ species has come ab\t op5$ up a field into :i* speculation itself _h h>dly yet v5tur$ to intrude4 ,x 0 ! my/]y ( my/]ies2 "o ( our greate/ philosoph]s _h said s2 n "o little feeble ray ( light _h ev] yet be5 ?r[n ^u x4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 knew all ?is1 & 0 appall$ at ! greatness ( ! task t lay be=e him2 /ill1 aft] he _h pond]$ on :at he _h se5 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1 x really did occur to him1 t if he 0 v v pati5t1 & w5t on reflect+ = ye>s & ye>s long]1 ^u all sorts ( facts1 good1 bad1 & indiff]5t1 :i* c\ld possibly h any be>+ on ! subject--& :at fact might n possibly h "s be>+8--well1 some?+1 z aga9/ ! no?+ t _h be5 made out hi!rto1 might by "s fa9t f>-away possibility be "o day dimly seem4 ,x 0 only :at he _h se5 9 ,s\? ,am]ica t made all ?is occur to him4 ,he _h nev] se5 any?+ ab\t desc5t ) modification 9 any book1 nor he>d any "o talk ab\t x z hav+ be5 put =w>d by o!r p2 if he _h1 he w\ld1 ( c\rse1 h be5 ! fir/ to say s2 he 0 n z o!r philosoph]s are2 s ! m\nta9 w5t on = ye>s & ye>s ge/at+1 b /ill !re 0 no lab\r4 8,my "w10 cont9ues ,mr4 ,d>w91 8is n[ ne>ly f9i%$2 b z x w take me two or ?ree ye>s to complete x1 & z my heal? is f> f /rong1 ,i h be5 urg$ to publi% ?is ab/ract4 ,i h be5 m especially induc$ to d ?is1 z ,mr4 ,wallace1 :o is n[ /udy+ ! natural hi/ory ( ! ,malay ,ar*ipelago1 has arriv$ at almo/ exactly ! same g5]al conclusions t ,i h on ! orig9 ( species40 ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 naturally anxi\s to =e/all ,mr4 ,wallace1 & hurri$ up ) 8 book4 ,:at read]1 on f9d+ desc5t ) modification to be its mo/ prom95t feature1 c\ld d\bt--especially if new to ! subject1 z ! great] numb] ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's read]s 9 #ahei 7--t ?is same desc5t ) modification 0 ! !ory :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 & ,mr4 ,wallace _h jo9tly hit ^u1 & :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 s anxi\s to %[ t he _h n be5 ha/y 9 adopt+8 ,:5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 w5t on to say t 8 ab/ract w\ld be v imp]fect1 & t he c\ld n give ref]5ces & au?orities = 8 sev]al /atem5ts1 we did n suppose t su* an apology c\ld be meant to cov] sil5ce conc]n+ writ]s :o dur+ _! :ole lives1 or ne>ly s1 _h borne ! burd5 & heat ( ! day 9 respect ( desc5t ) modification 9 its mo/ ext5d$ application4 8,i mu* regret10 says ,mr4 ,d>w91 8t want ( space prev5ts my hav+ ! satisfaction ( ackn[l$g+ ! g5]\s assi/ance ,i h receiv$ f v _m naturali/s1 "s ( !m p]sonally unkn[n to me40 ,?is is l :at ! ,royal ,academicians say :5 !y d n int5d to hang our pictures2 !y c1 h[ev]1 g5]ally f9d space = a picture if !y want to hang x1 & we assume ) safety t !re are no ma/]-works by pa9t]s ( ! v highe/ rank = :i* no space has be5 available4 ,want ( space w1 inde$1 prev5t my quot+ f m ?an "o o!r p>agraph ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's introduction2 ?is p>agraph1 h[ev]1 %\ld alone suffice to %[ h[ inaccurate ,mr4 ,all5 is 9 say+ t ,mr4 ,d>w9 8laid no sort ( claim to orig9ality or proprietor%ip0 9 ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 & ?is is ! po9t ) :i* we are imm$iately conc]n$4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 says3-- 8,9 consid]+ ! orig9 ( species1 x is q conceivable t a naturali/1 reflect+ on ! mutual aff9ities ( organic be+s1 on _! embryological relations1 _! geographical di/ribution1 geological succession1 & o!r su* facts1 might come to ! conclusion t ea* species _h n be5 indep5d5tly creat$1 b _h desc5d$ l v>ieties f o!r species40 ,x w be obs]v$ t n only is no h9t giv5 "h t desc5t ) modification 0 a !ory :i*1 ?\gh unkn[n to ! g5]al public1 _h be5 occupy+ ! att5tion ( biologi/s = a hundr$ ye>s & m1 b x is di/9ctly impli$ t ?is 0 n ! case4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 said x 0 8conceivable t a naturali/ might0 arrive at ! !ory ( desc5t1 /raight=w>d read]s took him to mean t ?\gh ?is 0 conceivable1 x _h nev]1 to ,mr4 ,d>w9's k1 be5 done4 ,if we _h a notion t we _h already vaguely he>d ( ! !ory t m5 & ! l[] animals 7 desc5d$ f common ance/ors1 we mu/ h be5 wrong2 x 0 n ?is t we _h he>d (1 b some?+ else1 :i*1 ?\gh d\btless a little l x1 0 all wrong1 :]eas ?is 0 obvi\sly go+ to be all "r4 ,to foll[ ! re/ ( ! p>agraph ) ! clos5ess t x m]its w\ld be a task at once s long & s unpleasant t ,i w omit fur!r ref]5ce to any "p ( x except ! la/ s5t5ce4 ,t s5t5ce runs3-- 8,9 ! case ( ! mi/letoe1 :i* draws its n\ri%m5t f c]ta9 trees1 :i* has se$s t mu/ be transport$ by c]ta9 birds1 & :i* has fl[]s ) sep>ate sexes absolutely requir+ ! ag5cy ( c]ta9 insects to br+ poll5 f "o fl[] to ! o!r1 x is equally prepo/]\s to acc\nt = ! /ructure ( ?is p>asite1 ) its relations to sev]al di/9ct organic be+s1 by ! effects ( ! ext]nal conditions1 or ( habit1 or ( ! volition ( ! plant itself40 ,d\btless x w\ld be prepo/]\s to ref] ! /ructure ( ei!r woodpeck] or mi/letoe to ! s+le ag5cy ( any "o ( ^! ?ree causes2 b nei!r ,lam>ck nor any o!r writ] on evolution has1 s f> z ,i "k1 ev5 contemplat$ ?is2 ! e>ly evolutioni/s suppos$ organic modification to dep5d on ! action & int]action ( all ?ree1 & ,i v5ture to ?9k t ?is w ere long be consid]$ z1 to say ! lea/ ( x1 n m prepo/]\s ?an ! assign+ ( ! l>gely prepond]at+ %>e 9 ! production ( su* highly & v>i\sly correlat$ organisms z ! mi/letoe & woodpeck] ma9ly to luck pure & simple1 z is done by ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9's !ory4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ! p>agraph la/ quot$ f1 ,mr4 ,d>w91 m suo1 is c>eful n to commit himself4 ,all he has said is1 t x w\ld be prepo/]\s to d some?+ ! prepo/]\sness ( :i* _c be reasonably disput$2 ! impression1 h[ev]1 is none ! less effectually convey$1 t "s "o ( ! ?ree assign$ ag5cies1 tak5 s+ly1 0 ! only cause ( modification ev] yet propos$1 if1 inde$1 any writ] _h ev5 gone s f> z ?is4 ,we knew we did n "k mu* ab\t ! matt] ourselves1 & t ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 a naturali/ ( long & high /&+2 we naturally1 !re=e1 cr$it$ him ) ! same good fai? z a writ] t we knew 9 ourselves z read]s2 x nev] s mu* z cross$ our m9ds to suppose t ! head :i* he 0 hold+ up all dripp+ be=e our eyes z t ( a fool1 0 n t ( a fool :o _h actually liv$ & writt51 b only ( a figure ( /raw :i* _h be5 dipp$ 9 a bucket ( r$ pa9t4 ,naturally en\gh we conclud$1 s9ce ,mr4 ,d>w9 seem$ to say s1 t if 8 pr$ecessors _h no?+ bett] to say = !mselves ?an ?is1 x w\ld n be wor? :ile to tr\ble ab\t !m fur!r2 especially z we did n "k :o !y 71 nor :at !y _h writt51 & ,mr4 ,d>w9 did n tell u4 ,x w\ld be bett] & less tr\ble to take ! goods ) :i* x 0 pla9 ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 go+ to provide u1 & ask no que/ions4 ,we h se5 t ev5 tol]ably obvi\s conclusions 7 r sl[ 9 occurr+ to poor simple-m9d$ ,mr4 ,d>w91 & may be sure t x nev] once occurr$ to him t ! ,briti% public w\ld be likely to argue ?us2 he _h no int5tion ( play+ ! sci5tific confid5ce trick ^u u4 ,i d>e say n1 b un=tunately ! result has closely resembl$ ! "o t w\ld h ensu$ if ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h _h su* an int5tion4 ,! claim to orig9ality made s di/9ctly 9 ! op5+ s5t5ces ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 is repeat$ 9 a lett] to ,pr(essor ,haeckel1 writt5 ,octob] #h1 #ahfd1 & giv+ an acc\nt ( ! developm5t ( 8 belief 9 desc5t ) modification4 ,?is lett]1 "p ( :i* is quot$ by ,mr4 ,all51 #agc;a is giv5 on p4 #acd ( ! ,engli% translation ( ,pr(essor ,haeckel's 8,hi/ory ( ,creation10 #agc;b & runs z foll[s3-- 8,9 ,s\? ,am]ica ?ree classes ( facts 7 br\ght /rongly be=e my m9d4 ,fir/ly1 ! mann] 9 :i* closely alli$ species replace species 9 go+ s\?w>d4 ,secondly1 ! close aff9ity ( ! species inhabit+ ! isl&s ne> ,s\? ,am]ica to ^? prop] to ! cont95t4 ,?is /ruck me pr(\ndly1 especially ! diff]5ce ( ! species 9 ! adjo9+ islets 9 ! ,galapagos ,ar*ipelago4 ,?irdly1 ! relation ( ! liv+ ,ed5tata & ,rod5tia to ! ext9ct species4 ,i %all nev] =get my a/oni%m5t :5 ,i dug out a gigantic piece ( arm\r l t ( ! liv+ armadillo4 8,reflect+ on ^! facts1 & collect+ analog\s ones1 x seem$ to me probable t alli$ species 7 desc5d$ f a common ance/or4 ,b dur+ sev]al ye>s ,i c\ld n conceive h[ ea* =m c\ld h be5 modifi$ s z to become admirably adapt$ to its place 9 nature4 ,i began1 !re=e1 to /udy dome/icat$ animals & cultivat$ plants1 & aft] a "t p]ceiv$ t man's p[] ( select+ & bre$+ f c]ta9 individuals 0 ! mo/ p[]ful ( all means 9 ! production ( new races4 ,hav+ att5d$ to ! habits ( animals & _! relations to ! surr\nd+ conditions1 ,i 0 able to realise ! sev]e /ruggle = exi/5ce to :i* all organisms are subject$1 & my geological obs]vations _h all[$ me to appreciate to a c]ta9 ext5t ! duration ( pa/ geological p]iods4 ,!re=e1 :5 ,i happ5$ to read ,mal?us on population1 ! idea ( natural selection fla%$ on me4 ,( all m9or po9ts1 ! la/ :i* ,i appreciat$ 0 ! importance & cause ( ! pr9ciple ( div]g5ce40 ,?is is all v nave1 & accords p]fectly ) ! introductory p>agraphs ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species20 x gives u ! same picture ( a solit>y ?9k]1 a poor1 lonely1 fri5dless /ud5t ( nature1 :o _h nev] s mu* z he>d ( ,buffon1 ,erasmus ,d>w91 or ,lam>ck4 ,un=tunately1 h[ev]1 we _c =get ! description ( ! influ5ces :i*1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,grant ,all51 did 9 reality surr\nd ,mr4 ,d>w9's y\?1 & c]ta9ly !y are m :at we %\ld h expect$ ?an ^? sugge/$ r ?an expressly /at$ by ,mr4 ,d>w94 8,ev]y:]e ar\nd him10 says ,mr4 ,all51 #agd;a 89 8 *ildhood & y\? ^! great b =mless0 7:y 8=mless087 8evolution>y ideas 7 brew+ & f]m5t+4 ,! sci5tific society ( 8 eld]s & ( ! contempor>ies among :om he grew up 0 p]meat$ ) ! leav5 ( ,laplace & ,lam>ck1 ( ,hutton & ( ,h]s*el4 ,inquiry 0 especially ev]y:]e rife z to ! orig9 & nature ( specific di/9ctions among plants & animals4 ,^? :o believ$ 9 ! doctr9e ( ,buffon & ( ! #8,zoonomia1' & ^? :o disbeliev$ 9 x1 alike1 7 pr(\ndly int]e/$ & agitat$ 9 s\l by ! f>-rea*+ implications ( t fundam5tal problem4 ,on e side evolutionism1 9 its crude =m40 7,i suppose ,mr4 ,all5 c\ld n help say+ 89 its crude =m10 b desc5t ) modification 9 #ahji meant1 to all int5ts & purposes1 & 0 und]/ood to mean1 :at x means n[1 or ought to mean1 to mo/ p47 8,! univ]sal /ir10 says ,mr4 ,all5 on ! foll[+ page1 8& deep pry+ into evolution>y que/ions :i* ev]y:]e exi/$ among sci5tific m5 9 8 e>ly days 0 naturally communicat$ to a lad born ( a sci5tific family & inh]it+ directly 9 blood & bone ! biological ta/es & t5d5cies ( ,erasmus ,d>w940 ,i confess to ?9k+ t ,mr4 ,all5's acc\nt ( ! influ5ces :i* surr\nd$ ,mr4 ,d>w9's y\?1 if ta9t$ ) picturesqu5ess1 is /ill sub/antially correct4 ,on an e>li] page he _h writt53--8,x is impossible to take up any sci5tific memoirs or treatises ( ! fir/ half ( our own c5tury )\t see+ at a glance h[ e m9d ( high orig9al sci5tific importance 0 p]meat$ & di/urb$ by ! fundam5tal que/ions ar\s$1 b n fully answ]$1 by ,buffon1 ,lam>ck1 & ,erasmus ,d>w94 ,9 ,lyell's lett]s1 & 9 ,agassiz's lectures1 9 ! #8,botanic ,j\rnal' & 9 ! #8,philosophical ,transactions1' 9 treatises on ,madeira beetles & ! ,au/ralian flora1 we f9d ev]y:]e ! ?\ghts ( m5 pr(\ndly influ5c$ 9 a ?\s& directions by ?is univ]sal evolution>y solv5t & leav54 8,& :ile ! _w ( ?\ght 0 ?us see?+ & mov+ re/lessly be=e ! wave ( ideas set 9 motion by ^! v>i\s indep5d5t philosoph]s1 ano!r gr\p ( causes 9 ano!r field 0 r5d]+ smoo? ! pa? be=eh& = ! future *ampion ( ! am5d$ evolutionism4 ,geology on ! "o h& & a/ronomy on ! o!r 7 mak+ m5's m9ds gradually famili> ) ! conception ( sl[ natural developm5t1 z oppos$ to imm$iate & miracul\s creation4 4 4 4 8,! influ5ce ( ^! novel conceptions ^u ! gr[? & spread ( evolution>y ideas 0 f>-rea*+ & tw(old4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! discov]y ( a def9ite succession ( ne>ly relat$ organic =ms foll[+ "o ano!r ) evid5t clos5ess ?r\gh ! v>i\s ages1 inevitably sugge/$ to e inquir+ obs]v] ! possibility ( _! direct desc5t "o f ! o!r4 ,9 ! second place1 ! discov]y t geological =mations 7 n really sep>at$ ea* f its pr$ecessor by viol5t revolutions1 b 7 ! result ( gradual & ord9>y *anges1 discr$it$ ! old idea ( frequ5t fre% creations aft] ea* cata/rophe1 & famili>is$ ! m9ds ( m5 ( sci5ce ) ! alt]native notion ( sl[ & natural evolution>y processes4 ,! pa/ 0 se5 9 effect to be ! p>5t ( ! pres5t2 ! pres5t 0 recognis$ z ! *ild ( ! pa/40 ,?is is c]ta9ly n ,mr4 ,d>w9's own acc\nt ( ! matt]4 ,probably ! tru? w lie some:]e betwe5 ! two extreme views3 & on ! "o h&1 ! _w ( ?\ght 0 n see?+ q s badly z ,mr4 ,all5 repres5ts x1 :ile on ! o!r1 ?\gh 8?ree classes ( fact10 c41 7 und\bt$ly 8br\ght /rongly be=e0 ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8m9d 9 ,s\? ,am]ica10 yet "s ( !m _h p]haps already be5 br\ght be=e x at an e>li] "t1 :i* he did n happ5 to rememb] at ! mom5t ( writ+ 8 lett] to ,pr(essor ,haeckel & ! op5+ p>agraph ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,*apt] ,,xiv ,d>w9 & ,desc5t ) ,modification 7cont9u$7 ,i ,,h said en\gh to %[ t ,mr4 ,d>w9 claim$ ,i to h be5 ! orig9ator ( ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification z di/9ctly z any writ] usually claims any !ory2 b x w probably save ! read] tr\ble 9 ! end if ,i br+ toge!r a good _m1 ?\gh n1 probably1 all 7= ,i mu* dislik$ ! task1 & dis*>g$ x p]functorily71 ( ! passages 9 ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 9 :i* ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification 9 its wide/ s5se is claim$ expressly or by implication4 ,i %all quote f ! orig9al edition1 :i*1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 consi/$ ( ! v unusually l>ge numb] ( f\r ?\s& copies1 & f :i* no important deviation 0 made ei!r by addition or o!rwise until a second edition ( two ?\s& fur!r copies _h be5 sold2 ! 8,hi/orical ,sket*10 c41 be+ fir/ giv5 ) ! ?ird edition4 ,! italics1 :i* ,i h employ$ s z to cat* ! read]'s eye1 are m9e1 n ,mr4 ,d>w9's4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 writes3-- 8,al?\gh mu* rema9s obscure1 & w long rema9 obscure1 ,i c ent]ta9 no d\bt1 aft] ! mo/ delib]ate /udy & dispassionate judgm5t ( :i* ,i am capable1 t ! view :i* mo/ naturali/s ent]ta91 & :i* ,i =m]ly ent]ta9$--namely t ea* species has be5 indep5d5tly creat$--is errone\s4 ,i am fully conv9c$ t species are n immutable1 b t ^? belong+ to :at are call$ ! same g5]a are l9eal desc5dants ( "s o!r & g5]ally ext9ct species1 9 ! same mann] z ! ackn[l$g$ v>ieties ( any "o species are ! desc5dants ( t species4 ,fur!rmore1 ,i am conv9c$ t natural selection0 7or ! pres]vation ( =tunate races7 8has be5 ! ma9 b n exclusive means ( modification0 7p4 #f74 ,x is n "h expressly /at$ t ! !ory ( ! mutability ( species is ,mr4 ,d>w9's own2 ?is1 nev]!less1 is ! inf]5ce :i* ! great majority ( 8 read]s 7 likely to draw1 & did draw1 f ,mr4 ,d>w9's words4 ,aga93-- 8,x is n t all l>ge g5]a are n[ v>y+ mu*1 & are ?us increas+ 9 ! numb] ( _! species1 or t no small g5]a are n[ multiply+ & increas+2 = if ?is _h be5 s x w\ld h be5 fatal to my !ory2 inasmu* z geology10 c4 7p4 #ef74 ,! words 8my !ory0 /& 9 all ! editions4 ,aga93-- 8,?is relation has a cle> mean+ on my view ( ! subject2 ,i look ^u all ! species ( any g5us z hav+ z c]ta9ly desc5d$ f ! same prog5itor1 z h ! two sexes ( any "o ( ! species0 7p4 #aeg74 8,my view0 "h1 especially 9 ! abs5ce ( ref]5ce to any o!r writ] z hav+ held ! same op9ion1 implies z its mo/ natural int]pretation t desc5t pure & simple is ,mr4 ,d>w9's view4 ,sub/itute 8! !ory ( desc5t0 = 8my view10 & we d n feel t we are mis9t]pret+ ! au?or's mean+4 ,! words 8my view0 rema9 9 all editions4 ,aga93-- 8,long be=e hav+ arriv$ at ?is "p ( my "w1 a cr[d ( difficulties w h occurr$ to ! read]4 ,"s ( !m are s grave t to ?is day ,i c nev] reflect on !m )\t be+ /agg]$2 b to ! be/ ( my belief ! great] numb] are only app>5t1 & ^? t are real are n1 ,i ?9k1 fatal to my !ory4 8,^! difficulties & objections may be class$ "u ! foll[+ heads3--,fir/ly1 if species h desc5d$ f o!r species by ins5sibly f9e gradations1 :y d we n ev]y:]e see80 c4 7p4 #aga74 ,we inf] f ?is t 8my !ory0 is ! !ory 8t species h desc5d$ f o!r species by ins5sibly f9e gradations0--t is to say1 t x is ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification2 = ! !ory t is be+ object$ to is obvi\sly ! !ory ( desc5t 9 toto1 & n a m]e detail 9 connection ) t !ory4 ,! words 8my !ory0 7 alt]$ 9 #ahgb1 ) ! six? edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( species10 into 8! !ory20 b ,i am *iefly conc]n$ ) ! fir/ edition ( ! "w1 my object be+ to %[ t ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 l$ into 8 false position z reg>ds natural selection by a desire to claim ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification2 if he claim$ x 9 ! fir/ edition1 ?is is en\gh to give col\r to ! view :i* ,i take2 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t desc5t ) modification rema9$1 by ! passage j quot$ 8my !ory10 = ?irte5 ye>s1 & ev5 :5 9 #ahfi & #ahgb1 = a reason t ,i c only guess at1 8my !ory0 became g5]ally 8! !ory10 ?is did n make x become any "o else's !ory4 ,x is h>d to say ^: or :at x became1 if ! words are to be con/ru$ te*nically2 practically1 h[ev]1 ) all +5u\s read]s1 8! !ory0 rema9$ z mu* ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory z ?\gh ! words 8my !ory0 _h be5 reta9$1 & ,mr4 ,d>w9 _c be suppos$ s simple-m9d$ z n to h kn[n ?is w\ld be ! case4 ,moreov]1 x appe>s1 f ! next page b "o to ! "o la/ quot$1 t ,mr4 ,d>w9 claim$ ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification g5]ally1 ev5 to ! la/1 = we !re read1 8,by my !ory ^! alli$ species h desc5d$ f a common p>5t10 & ! 8my0 has be5 all[$1 = "s reason n q obvi\s1 to survive ! g5]al massacre ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8my's0 :i* occurr$ 9 #ahfi & #ahgb4 ,aga93-- 8,he :o believes t ea* be+ has be5 creat$ z we n[ see x1 mu/ occasionally h felt surprise :5 he has met10 c4 7p4 #ahe74 ,"h ! argum5t evid5tly lies betwe5 desc5t & indep5d5t acts ( creation4 ,?is appe>s f ! p>agraph imm$iately foll[+1 :i* beg9s1 8,he :o believes 9 sep>ate & innum]able acts ( creation10 c4 ,we !re=e und]/& desc5t to be ! !ory s frequ5tly spok5 ( by ,mr4 ,d>w9 z 8my40 ,aga93-- 8,he :o w g ?us f>1 if he f9d on f9i%+ ?is treatise t l>ge bodies ( facts1 o!rwise inexplicable1 c be expla9$ by ! !ory ( desc5t1 ought n to hesitate to g f>!r1 & to admit t a /ructure ev5 z p]fect z an eagle's eye might be =m$ by natural selection1 al?\gh 9 ?is case he does n "k any ( ! transitional grades0 7p4 #ahh74 ,! natural inf]5ce f ?is is t desc5t & natural selection are "o & ! same ?+4 ,aga93-- 8,if x c\ld be demon/rat$ t any complex organ exi/$ :i* c\ld n possibly h be5 =m$ by num]\s1 successive1 slight modifications1 my !ory w\ld absolutely break d[n4 ,b ,i c f9d out no su* case4 ,no d\bt _m organs exi/ ( :i* we d n "k ! transitional grades1 m especially if we look to mu*-isolat$ species1 r\nd :i*1 accord+ to my !ory1 !re has be5 mu* ext9ction0 7p4 #ahi74 ,?is makes 8my !ory0 to be 8! !ory t complex organs h aris5 by num]\s1 successive1 slight modifications20 t is to say1 to be ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification4 ,! fir/ ( ! two 8my !ory's0 9 ! passage la/ quot$ has be5 all[$ to /&4 ,! second became 8! !ory0 9 #ahgb4 ,x is obvi\s1 !re=e1 t 8! !ory0 means 8my !ory20 x is n s obvi\s :y ! *ange %\ld h be5 made at all1 nor :y ! "o 8my !ory0 %\ld h be5 tak5 & ! o!r left1 b ,i w return to ?is "q4 ,aga91 ,mr4 ,d>w9 writes3-- 8,al?\gh we mu/ be extremely cauti\s 9 conclud+ t any organ c\ld n possibly h be5 produc$ by small successive transitional gradations1 yet1 und\bt$ly grave cases ( difficulty occur1 "s ( :i* w be discuss$ 9 my future "w0 7p4 #aib74 ,?is1 z usual1 implies desc5t ) modification to be ! !ory t ,mr4 ,d>w9 is try+ to make good4 ,aga93-- 8,i h be5 a/oni%$ h[ r>ely an organ c be nam$ t[>ds :i* no transitional v>iety is kn[n to lead 4 4 4 ,:y1 on ! !ory ( creation1 %\ld ?is be s8 ,:y %\ld n nature h tak5 a leap f /ructure to /ructure8 ,on ! !ory ( natural selection we c cle>ly und]/& :y %e %\ld n2 = natural selection c act only by tak+ advantage ( slight successive v>iations2 %e c nev] take a leap1 b mu/ advance by ! sl[e/ & %orte/ /eps0 7p4 #aid74 ,"h 8! !ory ( natural selection0 is oppos$ to 8! !ory ( creation20 we took x1 !re=e1 to be ano!r way ( say+ 8! !ory ( desc5t ) modification40 ,aga93-- 8,we h 9 ?is *apt] discuss$ "s ( ! difficulties & objections :i* may be urg$ aga9/ my !ory4 ,_m ( !m are v grave1 b ,i ?9k t 9 ! discussion light has be5 ?r[n on sev]al facts :i*1 on ! !ory ( indep5d5t acts ( creation1 are utt]ly obscure0 7p4 #bjc74 ,"h we h1 on ! "o h&1 8my !ory10 on ! o!r1 8indep5d5t acts ( creation40 ,! natural anti!sis to indep5d5t acts ( creation is desc5t1 & we assum$ ) reason t ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 claim+ ?is :5 he spoke ( 8my !ory40 8,my !ory0 became 8! !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,on ! !ory ( natural selection we c cle>ly und]/& ! full mean+ ( t old canon 9 natural hi/ory1 #8,natura non facit saltum4' ,?is canon1 if we look only to ! pres5t inhabitants ( ! _w is n /rictly correct1 b if we include all ^? ( pa/ times1 x mu/ by my !ory be /rictly true0 7p4 #bjf74 ,"h ! natural int]pretation ( 8by my !ory0 is 8by ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification20 ! words 8on ! !ory ( natural selection10 ) :i* ! s5t5ce op5s1 lead u to suppose t ,mr4 ,d>w9 reg>d$ natural selection & desc5t z conv]tible t]ms4 8,my !ory0 0 alt]$ to 8?is !ory0 9 #ahgb4 ,six l9es l[] d[n we read1 8,on my !ory unity ( type is expla9$ by unity ( desc5t40 ,! 8my0 "h has be5 all[$ to /&4 ,aga93-- 8,aga91 z 9 ! case ( corporeal /ructure1 & con=mably ) my !ory1 ! in/9ct ( ea* species is good = itself1 b has nev]10 c4 7p4 #baj74 ,:o 0 to see t 8my !ory0 did n include desc5t ) modification8 ,! 8my0 "h has be5 all[$ to /&4 ,aga93-- 8,! fact t in/9cts 4 4 4 are liable to make mi/akes2--t no in/9ct has be5 produc$ = ! exclusive good ( o!r animals1 b t ea* animal takes advantage ( ! in/9cts ( o!rs2--t ! canon ( natural hi/ory1 #8,natura non facit saltum1' is applicable to in/9cts z well z to corporeal /ructure1 & is pla9ly explicable on ! =ego+ views1 b is o!rwise inexplicable1--all t5d to corroborate ! !ory ( natural selection0 7p4 #bdc74 ,we feel t x is ! !ory ( evolution1 or desc5t ) modification1 t is "h corroborat$1 & t x is ?is :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 is ma9ly try+ to e/abli%2 ! s5t5ce %\ld h end$ 8all t5d to corroborate ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification20 ! sub/itution ( 8natural selection0 = desc5t t5ds to make u ?9k t ^! conceptions are id5tical4 ,t !y are s reg>d$1 or at any rate t x is ! !ory ( desc5t 9 full :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 has 9 8 m9d1 appe>s f ! imm$iately succe$+ p>agraph1 :i* beg9s 8,?is !ory10 & cont9ues six l9es l[]1 8,= in/ance1 we c und]/&1 on ! pr9ciple ( inh]itance1 h[ x is t10 c4 ,aga93-- 8,9 ! fir/ place1 x %\ld always be borne 9 m9d :at sort ( int]m$iate =ms mu/1 on my !ory1 =m]ly h exi/$0 7p4 #bhj74 8,my !ory0 became 8! !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,no read] :o read 9 good fai? c\ld d\bt t ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification 0 be+ "h int5d$4 8,x is j possible by my !ory1 t "o ( two liv+ =ms might h desc5d$ f ! o!r2 = in/ance1 a horse f a tapir2 b 9 ?is case direct int]m$iate l9ks w h exi/$ betwe5 !m0 7p4 #bha74 8,my !ory0 became 8! !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,by ! !ory ( natural selection all liv+ species h be5 connect$ ) ! p>5t species ( ea* g5us10 c4 ,we took ?is to mean1 8,by ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification all liv+ species10 c4 7p4 #bha74 ,aga93-- 8,"s exp]i5c$ con*ologi/s are n[ s9k+ _m ( ! v f9e species ( ,d',orbigny & o!rs into ! rank ( v>ieties2 & on ?is view we d f9d ! k9d ( evid5ce ( *ange :i* on my !ory we ought to f9d0 7p4 #big74 8,my !ory0 became 8! !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,9 ! f\r? edition 7#ahff71 9 a passage :i* is n 9 ei!r ( ! two fir/ editions1 we read 7p4 #cei71 8,s t "h aga9 we h und\bt$ evid5ce ( *ange 9 ! direction requir$ by my !ory40 8,my !ory0 became 8! !ory0 9 #ahfi2 ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification is unque/ionably int5d$4 ,aga93-- 8,geological rese>* has done sc>cely any?+ 9 break+ d[n ! di/9ction betwe5 species1 by connect+ !m toge!r by num]\s1 f9e1 int]m$iate v>ieties2 & ?is n hav+ be5 effect$1 is probably ! grave/ & mo/ obvi\s ( all ! _m objections :i* may be urg$ aga9/ my views0 7p4 #bii74 ,we naturally took 8my views0 to mean desc5t ) modification4 ,! 8my0 has be5 all[$ to /&4 ,aga93-- 8,if1 !n1 !re be "s degree ( tru? 9 ^! rem>ks1 we h no "r to expect to f9d 9 our geological =mations an inf9ite numb] ( ^? transitional =ms :i* on my !ory assur$ly h connect$ all ! pa/ & pres5t species ( ! same gr\p 9 "o long & bran*+ *a9 ( life 4 4 4 ,b ,i d n pret5d t ,i %\ld ev] h suspect$ h[ poor 0 ! record 9 ! be/ pres]v$ geological sections1 _h n ! abs5ce ( innum]able transitional l9ks betwe5 ! species :i* liv$ at ! comm5cem5t & at ! close ( ea* =mation press$ s h>dly on my !ory0 7pp4 #cja1 #cjb74 ,sub/itute 8desc5t ) modification0 = 8my !ory0 & ! mean+ does n suff]4 ,! fir/ ( ! two 8my !ories0 9 ! passage la/ quot$ 0 alt]$ 9 #ahfi into 8our !ory20 ! second has be5 all[$ to /&4 ,aga93-- 8,! abrupt mann] 9 :i* :ole gr\ps ( species sudd5ly appe> 9 "s =mations1 has be5 urg$ by sev]al palontologi/s 4 4 4 z a fatal objection to ! belief 9 ! transmutation ( species4 ,if num]\s species1 belong+ to ! same g5]a or families1 h really />t$ into life all at once1 ! fact w\ld be fatal to ! !ory ( desc5t ) sl[ modification ?r\gh natural selection0 7p4 #cjb74 ,"h 8! belief 9 ! transmutation ( species10 or desc5t ) modification1 is treat$ z synonym\s ) 8! !ory ( desc5t ) sl[ modification ?r\gh natural selection20 b x has n[h]e be5 expla9$ t !re are two widely diff]5t 8!ories ( desc5t ) sl[ modification ?r\gh natural selection10 ! "o ( :i* may be true en\gh = all practical purposes1 :ile ! o!r is se5 to be absurd z soon z x is exam9$ closely4 ,! !ory ( desc5t ) modification is n prop]ly conv]tible ) ei!r ( ^! two views1 = desc5t ) modification deals ) ! "q :e!r species are transmutable or no1 & dispute z to ! respective m]its ( ! two natural selections deals ) ! "q h[ x comes to be transmut$2 nev]!less1 ! words 8! !ory ( desc5t ) sl[ modification ?r\gh ! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s0 7:i* is :at 8desc5t ) modification ?r\gh natural selection0 comes to7 may be consid]$ z express+ ! facts ) practical accuracy1 if ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature is suppos$ to be t modification is ma9ly consequ5t on ! dis*>ge ( "s correlat$ function1 & t modification1 if fav\rable1 w t5d to accumulate s long z ! giv5 function cont9ues important to ! wellbe+ ( ! organism2 ! words1 h[ev]1 h no correspond5ce ) reality if !y are suppos$ to imply t v>iations :i* are ma9ly matt]s ( pure *ance & unconnect$ 9 any way ) function w accumulate & result 9 specific diff]5ce1 no matt] h[ mu* ea* "o ( !m may be pres]v$ 9 ! g5]ation 9 :i* x appe>s4 ,9 ! "o case1 !re=e1 ! expression natural selection may be loosely us$ z a synonym = desc5t ) modification1 & 9 ! o!r x may n4 ,un=tunately ) ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9 ! v>iations are ma9ly accid5tal4 ,! words 8?r\gh natural selection10 !re=e1 9 ! passage la/ quot$ c>ry no weight1 = x is ! wrong natural selection t is1 or ought to be1 int5d$2 practically1 h[ev]1 !y d]iv$ a weight f ,mr4 ,d>w9's "n to :i* !y _h no title ( _! own1 & we und]/ood t 8! !ory ( desc5t ) sl[ modification0 ?r\gh ! k9d ( natural selection o/5sibly int5d$ by ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 a quasi-synonym\s expression = ! transmutation ( species4 ,we und]/ood--s f> z we und]/ood any?+ beyond t we 7 to believe 9 desc5t ) modification--t natural selection 0 ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory2 we !re=e conclud$1 s9ce ,mr4 ,d>w9 seem$ to say s1 t ! !ory ( ! transmutation ( species g5]ally 0 s also4 ,at any rate we felt z reg>ds ! passage la/ quot$ t ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification 0 ! po9t ( attack & def5ce1 & we suppos$ x to be ! !ory s (t5 ref]r$ to by ,mr4 ,d>w9 z 8my40 ,aga93-- 8,"s ( ! mo/ anci5t ,silurian animals1 z ! ,nautilus1 ,l+ula1 c41 d n diff] mu* f ! liv+ species2 & x _c on my !ory be suppos$ t ^! old species 7 ! prog5itors10 c4 7p4 #cjf7 4 4 4 8,consequ5tly if my !ory be true1 x is indisputable10 c4 7p4 #cjg74 ,"h ! two 8my !ories0 h be5 alt]$1 ! fir/ into 8our !ory10 & ! second into 8! !ory10 bo? 9 #ahfi2 b1 z usual1 ! ?+ t rema9s ) ! read] is ! !ory ( desc5t1 & x rema9s morally & practically z mu* claim$ :5 call$ 8! !ory0--z dur+ ! _m ye>s ?r\gh\t :i* ! m op5 8my0 di/9ctly claim$ x4 ,aga93-- 8,all ! mo/ em95t palontologi/s1 namely1 ,cuvi]1 ,ow51 ,agassiz1 ,b>r&e1 ,e4 ,=bes1 c41 & all our greate/ geologi/s1 z ,lyell1 ,mur*ison1 ,s$gwick1 c41 h unanim\sly1 (t5 vehem5tly1 ma9ta9$ ! immutability ( species4 4 4 4 ,i feel h[ ra% x is to diff] f ^! great au?orities 4 4 4 ,^? :o ?9k ! natural geological record 9 any degree p]fect1 & :o d n atta* mu* weight to ! facts & argum5ts ( o!r k9ds br\ght =w>d 9 ?is volume1 w und\bt$ly at once reject my !ory0 7p4 #caj74 ,:at is 8my !ory0 "h1 if n t ( ! mutability ( species1 or ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification8 8,my !ory0 became 8! !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,let u n[ see :e!r ! sev]al facts & rules relat+ to ! geological succession ( organic be+s1 bett] accord ) ! common view ( ! immutability ( species1 or ) t ( _! sl[ & gradual modification1 ?r\gh desc5t & natural selection0 7p4 #cab74 ,! words 8natural selection0 are inde$ "h1 b !y might z well be omitt$ = all ! effect !y produce4 ,! argum5t is felt to be ab\t ! two oppos$ !ories ( desc5t1 & indep5d5t creative ef=ts4 ,aga93-- 8,^! sev]al facts accord well ) my !ory0 7p4 #cad74 ,t 8my !ory0 is ! !ory ( desc5t is ! conclusion mo/ naturally drawn f ! context4 8,my !ory0 became 8our !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,?is gradual increase 9 ! numb] ( ! species ( a gr\p is /rictly con=mable ) my !ory2 = ! process ( modification & ! production ( a numb] ( alli$ =ms mu/ be sl[ & gradual1 4 4 4 l ! bran*+ ( a great tree f a s+le /em1 till ! gr\p becomes l>ge0 7p4 #cad74 8,my !ory0 became 8! !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,we took 8my !ory0 to be ! !ory ( desc5t2 t ,mr4 ,d>w9 treats ?is z synonym\s ) ! !ory ( natural selection appe>s f ! next p>agraph1 on ! ?ird l9e ( :i* we read1 8,on ! !ory ( natural selection ! ext9ction ( old =ms10 c4 ,aga93-- 8,! !ory ( natural selection is gr\nd$ on ! belief t ea* new v>iety & ultimately ea* new species1 is produc$ & ma9ta9$ by hav+ "s advantage ov] ^? ) :i* x comes into competition2 & ! consequ5t ext9ction ( less fav\r$ =ms almo/ inevitably foll[s0 7p4 #cbj74 ,s5se & consi/5cy _c be made ( ?is passage4 ,sub/itute 8,! !ory ( ! pres]vation ( fav\r$ races 9 ! /ruggle = life0 = 8,! !ory ( natural selection0 7to d ?is is only tak+ ,mr4 ,d>w9's own synonym = natural selection7 & see :at ! passage comes to4 8,! pres]vation ( fav\r$ races0 is n a !ory1 x is a commonly obs]v$ fact2 x is n 8gr\nd$ on ! belief t ea* new v>iety10 c41 x is "o ( ! ultimate & mo/ elem5t>y pr9ciples 9 ! _w ( life4 ,:5 we try to take ! passage s]i\sly & ?9k x out1 we soon give x up1 & pass on1 sub/itut+ 8! !ory ( desc5t0 = 8! !ory ( natural selection10 & conclud+ t 9 "s way ^! two ?+s mu/ be id5tical4 ,aga93-- 8,! mann] 9 :i* s+le species & :ole gr\ps ( species become ext9ct accords well ) ! !ory ( natural selection0 7p4 #cbb74 ,aga93-- 8,?is great fact ( ! p>allel succession ( ! =ms ( life ?r\gh\t ! _w1 is explicable on ! !ory ( natural selection0 7p4 #cbe74 ,aga93-- 8,let u n[ look to ! mutual aff9ities ( ext9ct & liv+ species4 ,!y all fall into "o gr& natural sy/em2 & ?is is at once expla9$ on ! pr9ciple ( desc5t0 7p4 #cbi74 ,putt+ ! ?ree prec$+ passages toge!r1 we naturally inf]r$ t 8! !ory ( natural selection0 & 8! pr9ciple ( desc5t0 7 ! same ?+s4 ,we knew ,mr4 ,d>w9 claim$ ! fir/1 & !re=e unhesitat+ly gave him ! second at ! same "t4 ,aga93-- 8,let u see h[ f> ^! sev]al facts & inf]5ces accord ) ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification0 7p4 #cca7 ,aga93-- 8,?us1 on ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 ! ma9 facts ) reg>d to ! mutual aff9ities ( ! ext9ct =ms ( life to ea* o!r & to liv+ =ms1 seem to me expla9$ 9 a satisfactory mann]4 ,& !y are :olly inexplicable on any o!r view0 7p4 #ccc74 ,! words 8seem to me0 involve a claim 9 ! abs5ce ( s mu* z a h9t 9 any "p ( ! book conc]n+ indebt$ness to e>li] writ]s4 ,aga93-- 8,on ! !ory ( desc5t1 ! full mean+ ( ! fossil rema9s10 c4 7p4 #ccf74 ,9 ! foll[+ p>agraph we read3-- 8,b 9 "o p>ticul> s5se ! m rec5t =ms mu/1 on my !ory1 be high] ?an ! m anci5t40 ,aga93-- 8,agassiz insi/s t anci5t animals resemble to a c]ta9 ext5t ! embryos ( rec5t animals ( ! same classes2 or t ! geological succession ( ext9ct =ms is 9 "s degree p>allel to ! embryological developm5t ( rec5t =ms4 4 4 4 ,?is doctr9e ( ,agassiz accords well ) ! !ory ( natural selection0 7p4 #cch74 8,! !ory ( natural selection0 became 8our !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,! op9ion ( ,agassiz accords excell5tly ) ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 b x is n easy to see h[ x be>s ^u ! fact t lucky races are pres]v$ 9 ! /ruggle = life--:i*1 accord+ to ,mr4 ,d>w9's title-page1 is :at is meant by natural selection4 ,aga93-- 8,on ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 ! great law ( ! long-endur+ b n immutable succession ( ! same types )9 ! same areas1 is at once expla9$0 7p4 #cdj74 ,aga93-- 8,x mu/ n be =gott5 t1 on my !ory1 all ! species ( ! same g5us h desc5d$ f "s "o species0 7p4 #cda74 8,my !ory0 became 8our !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,he :o rejects ^! views on ! nature ( ! geological record1 w rightly reject my :ole !ory0 7p4 #cdb74 8,my0 became 8our0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,pass+ f ^! difficulties1 ! o!r great lead+ facts 9 palontology agree admirably ) ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification ?r\gh v>iation & natural selection0 7p4 #cdc74 ,aga93-- ,! succession ( ! same types ( /ructure )9 ! same areas dur+ ! lat] geological p]iods ceases to be my/]i\s1 & is simply expla9$ by inh]itance 7p4 #cde74 ,i suppose inh]itance 0 n :5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 wrote consid]$ my/]i\s4 ,! la/ few words h be5 alt]$ to 8& is intelligible on ! pr9ciple ( inh]itance40 ,x seems z ?\gh ,mr4 ,d>w9 did n l say+ t inh]itance 0 n my/]i\s1 b _h no objection to imply+ t x 0 intelligible4 ,! next p>agraph beg9s--8,if1 !n1 ! geological record be z imp]fect z ,i believe x to be1 4 4 4 ! ma9 objections to ! !ory ( natural selection are greatly dim9i%$ or disappe>4 ,on ! o!r h&1 all ! *ief laws ( palontology pla9ly proclaim1 z x seems to me1 t species h be5 produc$ by ord9>y g5]ation40 ,"h aga9 ! claim to ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification is unmi/akable2 x _c1 moreov]1 b occur to u t if species 8h be5 produc$ by ord9>y g5]ation10 !n ord9>y g5]ation has z good a claim to be ! ma9 means ( orig9at+ species z natural selection has4 ,x is h>dly necess>y to po9t out t ord9>y g5]ation involves desc5t ) modification1 = all kn[n (fspr+ diff] f _! p>5ts1 s f>1 at any rate1 z t practis$ judges c g5]ally tell !m ap>t4 ,aga93-- 8,we see 9 ^! facts "s deep organic bond1 prevail+ ?r\gh\t space & "t1 ov] ! same areas ( l& & wat]1 & indep5d5t ( _! physical condition4 ,! naturali/ mu/ feel little curiosity :o is n l$ to inquire :at ?is bond is4 8,?is bond1 on my !ory1 is simply inh]itance1 t cause :i* alone10 c4 7p4 #cej74 ,?is passage 0 alt]$ 9 #ahfi to 8,! bond is simply inh]itance40 ,! p>agraph concludes1 8,on ?is pr9ciple ( inh]itance ) modification1 we c und]/& h[ x is t sections ( g5]a 4 4 4 are conf9$ to ! same areas10 c4 ,aga93-- 8,he :o rejects x rejects ! v]a causa ( ord9>y g5]ation10 c4 7p4 #ceb74 ,we naturally ask1 ,:y call natural selection ! 8ma9 means ( modification10 if 8ord9>y g5]ation0 is a v]a causa8 ,aga93-- 8,9 discuss+ ?is subject1 we %all be enabl$ at ! same "t to consid] a po9t equally important = u1 namely1 :e!r ! sev]al di/9ct species ( a g5us1 :i* on my !ory h all desc5d$ f a common ance/or1 c h migrat$ 7und]go+ modification dur+ "s "p ( _! migration7 f ! area inhabit$ by _! prog5itor0 7p4 #ced74 ,! words 8on my !ory0 became 8on our !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,) ^? organic be+s :i* nev] int]cross 7if su* exi/7 ! species1 on my !ory1 mu/ h desc5d$ f a succession ( improv$ v>ieties10 c4 7p4 #cee74 ,! words 8on my !ory0 7 cut out 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,a sl[ s\!rn migration ( a m>9e fauna w acc\nt1 on ! !ory ( modification1 = _m closely alli$ =ms10 c4 7p4 #cgb74 ,aga93-- 8,b ! exi/5ce ( sev]al q di/9ct species1 belong+ to g5]a exclusively conf9$ to ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 is1 on my !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 a f> m rem>kable case ( difficulty0 7p4 #cha74 8,my0 became 8!0 9 #ahff ) ! f\r? edition4 ,?is 0 ! mo/ categorical claim to ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification 9 ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,! 8my0 "h is ! only "o t 0 tak5 out be=e #ahfi4 ,i suppose ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?\ght t ) ! removal ( ?is 8my0 he _h ceas$ to claim ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 c\ld be ga9$ by call+ ! read]'s att5tion to :at _h be5 done1 s no?+ 0 said ab\t x4 ,aga93-- 8,"s species ( fre%-wat] %ells h a v wide range1 & alli$ species1 :i*1 on my !ory1 are desc5d$ f a s+le s\rce1 prevail ?r\gh\t ! _w0 7p4 #che74 8,my !ory0 became 8our !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,9 ! foll[+ rem>ks ,i %all n conf9e myself to ! m]e "q ( disp]sal1 b %all consid] "s o!r facts :i* be> ^u ! tru? ( ! two !ories ( indep5d5t creation & ( desc5t ) modification0 7p4 #chi74 ,:at c be pla9] ?an t ! !ory :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 esp\ses1 & has s frequ5tly call$ 8my10 is desc5t ) modification8 ,aga93-- 8,b z ^! animals & _! spawn are kn[n to be imm$iately kill$ by sea-wat]1 on my view1 we c see t !re w\ld be great difficulty 9 _! transportal across ! sea1 & !re=e :y !y d n exi/ on any oceanic isl&4 ,b :y1 on ! !ory ( creation1 !y %\ld n h be5 creat$ !re1 x w\ld be v difficult to expla90 7p4 #cic74 8,on my view0 0 cut out 9 #ahfi4 ,on ! foll[+ page we read--8,on my view ?is "q c easily be answ]$40 8,on my view0 is reta9$ 9 ! late/ edition4 ,aga93-- 8,yet !re mu/ be1 on my view1 "s unkn[n b highly effici5t means = _! transportation0 7p4 #cig74 8,on my view0 became 8accord+ to our view0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,i believe ?is gr& fact c receive no sort ( explanation on ! ord9>y view ( indep5d5t creation2 :]eas1 on ! view "h ma9ta9$1 x is obvi\s t ! ,galapagos ,isl&s w\ld be likely to receive coloni/s 4 4 4 f ,am]ica1 & ! ,cape de ,v]de ,isl&s f ,africa2 & t su* coloni/s w\ld be liable to modification2 ! pr9ciple ( inh]itance /ill betray+ _! orig9al bir?-place0 7p4 #cii74 ,aga93-- 8,) respect to ! di/9ct species ( ! same g5us :i*1 on my !ory1 mu/ h spread f "o p>5t s\rce1 if we make ! same all[ances z be=e10 c4 8,on my !ory0 became 8on our !ory0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,on my !ory ^! sev]al relations ?r\gh\t "t & space are intelligible2 4 4 4 ! =ms )9 ea* class h be5 connect$ by ! same bond ( ord9>y g5]ation2 4 4 4 9 bo? cases ! laws ( v>iation h be5 ! same1 & modifications h be5 accumulat$ by ! same p[] ( natural selection0 7p4 #daj74 8,on my !ory0 became 8accord+ to our !ory0 9 #ahfi1 & natural selection is no long] a p[]1 b has become a means4 ,aga93-- 8,i believe t some?+ m is includ$1 & t prop9quity ( desc5t--! only kn[n cause ( ! simil>ity ( organic be+s--is ! bond1 hidd5 z x is by v>i\s degrees ( modification1 :i* is p>tially reveal$ to u by our classification0 7p4 #dah74 ,aga93-- 8,?us1 on ! view :i* ,i hold1 ! natural sy/em is g5ealogical 9 its arrangem5t1 l a p$igree0 7p4 #dbb74 8,on ! view :i* ,i hold0 0 cut out 9 #ahgb4 ,aga93-- 8,we may feel almo/ sure1 on ! !ory ( desc5t1 t ^! *>act]s h be5 inh]it$ f a common ance/or0 7p4 #dbf74 ,aga93-- 8,on my view ( *>act]s be+ ( real importance = classification only 9 s f> z !y reveal desc5t1 we c cle>ly und]/&10 c4 7p4 #dbg74 8,on my view0 became 8on ! view0 9 #ahgb4 ,aga93-- 8,! m ab]rant any =m is1 ! great] mu/ be ! numb] ( connect+ =ms :i*1 on my !ory1 h be5 ext]m9at$ & utt]ly lo/0 7p4 #dbi74 ,! words 8on my !ory0 7 excis$ 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,f9ally1 we h se5 t natural selection 4 4 4 expla9s t great & univ]sal feature 9 ! aff9ities ( all organic be+s1 namely1 _! subord9ation 9 gr\p "u gr\p4 ,we use ! elem5t ( desc5t 9 class+ ! individuals ( bo? sexes1 c42 4 4 4 we use desc5t 9 class+ ackn[l$g$ v>ieties2 4 4 4 & ,i believe ?is elem5t ( desc5t is ! hidd5 bond ( connection :i* naturali/s h s\ght "u ! t]m ( ! natural sy/em0 7p4 #dcc74 ,lam>ck 0 ( mu* ! same op9ion1 z ,i %[$ 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new40 ,he wrote3--8,an arrangem5t %\ld be consid]$ sy/ematic1 or arbitr>y1 :5 x does n con=m to ! g5ealogical ord] tak5 by nature 9 ! developm5t ( ! ?+s arrang$1 & :51 by consequ5ce1 x is n f\nd$ on well-consid]$ analogies4 ,!re is a natural ord] 9 e dep>tm5t ( nature2 x is ! ord] 9 :i* its sev]al compon5t items h be5 successively develop$40 #aie;a ,! po9t1 h[ev]1 :i* %\ld m p>ticul>ly engage our att5tion is t ,mr4 ,d>w9 9 ! passage la/ quot$ uses 8natural selection0 & 8desc5t0 z ?\gh !y 7 conv]tible t]ms4 ,aga93-- 8,no?+ c be m hopeless ?an to attempt to expla9 ?is simil>ity ( patt]n 9 memb]s ( ! same class by utility or ! doctr9e ( f9al causes 4 4 4 ,on ! ord9>y view ( ! indep5d5t creation ( ea* be+1 we c only say t s x is 4 4 4 ,! explanation is manife/ on ! !ory ( ! natural selection ( successive slight modifications10 c4 7p4 #dce74 ,?is n[ /&s--8,! explanation is to a l>ge ext5t simple1 on ! !ory ( ! selection ( successive1 slight modifications40 ,i d n l 8a l>ge ext5t0 ( simplicity2 b1 waiv+ ?is1 ! po9t at issue is n :e!r ! ord9>y c\rse ( ?+s ensures a quasi-selection ( ! types t are be/ adapt$ to _! surr\nd+s1 ) accumulation ( modification 9 v>i\s directions1 & h5ce wide ev5tual diff]5ce betwe5 species desc5d$ f common prog5itors--no evolutioni/ s9ce #agej has d\bt$ ?is--b :e!r a g5]al pr9ciple und]lies ! modifications f among :i* ! quasi-selection is made1 or :e!r !y are de/itute ( su* pr9ciple & ref]able1 z f> z we are conc]n$1 to *ance only4 ,waiv+ ?is aga91 we note t ! !ories ( indep5d5t creation & ( natural selection are contra/$1 z ?\gh !y 7 ! only two alt]natives2 kn[+ ! two alt]natives to be indep5d5t creation & desc5t ) modification1 we naturally took natural selection to mean desc5t ) modification4 ,aga93-- 8,on ! !ory ( natural selection we c satisfactorily answ] ^! que/ions0 7p4 #dcg74 8,satisfactorily0 n[ /&s 8to a c]ta9 ext5t40 ,aga93-- 8,on my view ^! t]ms may be us$ lit]ally0 7pp4 #dch1 #dci74 8,on my view0 became 8accord+ to ! views "h ma9ta9$ su* language may be10 c41 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,i believe all ^! facts c be expla9$ z foll[s1 on ! view ( desc5t ) modification0 7p4 #ddc74 ,?is s5t5ce n[ ends at 8foll[s40 ,aga93-- 8,let u take a g5us ( birds1 desc5d$1 on my !ory1 f "s "o p>5t species1 & ( :i* ! sev]al new species h become modifi$ ?r\gh natural selection 9 accordance ) _! div]s habits0 7p4 #ddf74 ,! words 8on my !ory0 7 cut out 9 #ahfi1 & ! passage n[ /&s1 8,let u take a gr\p ( birds1 desc5d$ f "s anci5t =m & modifi$ ?r\gh natural selection = diff]5t habits40 ,aga93-- 8,on my view ( desc5t ) modification1 ! orig9 ( rudim5t>y organs is simple0 7p4 #ded74 8,on my view0 became 8on ! view0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,on ! view ( desc5t ) modification10 c4 7p4 #dee74 ,aga93-- 8,on ?is same view ( desc5t ) modification all ! great facts ( morphology become intelligible0 7p4 #def74 ,aga93-- 8,t _m & grave objections may be advanc$ aga9/ ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification ?r\gh natural selection1 ,i d n d5y0 7p4 #dei74 ,?is n[ /&s1 8,t _m & s]i\s objections may be advanc$ aga9/ ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification ?r\gh v>iation & natural selection1 ,i d n d5y40 ,aga93-- 8,!re are1 x mu/ be admitt$1 cases ( special difficulty on ! !ory ( natural selection0 7p4 #dfj74 8,on0 has become 8oppos$ to20 x is n easy to see :y ?is alt]ation 0 made1 unless because 8oppos$ to0 is long]4 ,aga93-- 8,turn+ to geographical di/ribution1 ! difficulties enc\nt]$ on ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification are grave en\gh40 8,grave0 has become 8s]i\s10 b !re is no o!r *ange 7p4 #dfa74 ,aga93-- 8,z on ! !ory ( natural selection an int]m9able numb] ( int]m$iate =ms mu/ h exi/$10 c4 8,on0 has become 8accord+ to0--:i* is c]ta9ly long]1 b does n appe> to possess any o!r advantage ov] 8on40 ,x is n easy to und]/& :y ,mr4 ,d>w9 %\ld h /ra9$ at su* a gnat z 8on10 ?\gh feel+ no discom=t 9 su* an expression z 8an int]m9able numb]40 ,aga93-- 8,?is is ! mo/ =cible ( ! _m objections :i* may be urg$ aga9/ my !ory 4 4 4 ,= c]ta9ly1 on my !ory10 c4 7p4 #dfc74 ,! 8my0 9 ea* case became 8!0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,su* is ! sum ( ! sev]al *ief objections & difficulties :i* may be ju/ly urg$ aga9/ my !ory0 7p4 #dfe74 8,my0 became 8!0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,grave z ^! sev]al difficulties are1 9 my judgm5t !y d n ov]?r[ ! !ory ( desc5t ) modifications0 7p4 #dff74 ,?is n[ /&s1 8,s]i\s z ^! sev]al objections are1 9 my judgm5t !y are by no means suffici5t to ov]?r[ ! !ory ( desc5t ) subsequ5t modification20 :i*1 aga91 is long]1 & %[s at :at little1 little gnats ,mr4 ,d>w9 c\ld /ra91 b is no mat]ial am5dm5t on ! orig9al passage4 ,aga93-- 8,! !ory ( natural selection1 ev5 if we look$ no fur!r ?an ?is1 seems to me to be 9 itself probable0 7p4 #dfi74 ,?is n[ /&s1 8,! !ory ( natural selection1 ev5 if we look no fur!r ?an ?is1 seems to be 9 ! highe/ degree probable40 ,x is n only probable1 b 0 v suffici5tly prov$ long be=e ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 born1 only x mu/ be ! "r natural selection & n ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9's4 ,aga93-- 8,x is inexplicable1 on ! !ory ( creation1 :y a "p develop$1 c41 4 4 4 b1 on my view1 ?is "p has und]gone10 c4 7p4 #dgd74 8,on my view0 became 8on our view0 9 #ahfi4 ,aga93-- 8,glanc+ at in/9cts1 m>vell\s z "s are1 !y (f] no great] difficulty ?an does corporeal /ructure on ! !ory ( ! natural selection ( successive1 slight1 b pr(itable modifications0 7p4 #dgd74 ,aga93-- 8,on ! view ( all ! species ( ! same g5us hav+ desc5d$ f a common p>5t1 & hav+ inh]it$ mu* 9 common1 we c und]/& h[ x is10 c4 7p4 #dgd74 ,aga93-- 8,if we admit t ! geological record is imp]fect 9 an extreme degree1 !n su* facts z ! record gives1 support ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification4 8 4 4 4 ,! ext9ction ( species 4 4 4 almo/ inevitably foll[s on ! pr9ciple ( natural selection0 7p4 #dge74 ,! ^w 8almo/0 has got a great deal to answ] =4 ,aga93-- 8,we c und]/&1 on ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 mo/ ( ! great lead+ facts 9 ,di/ribution0 7p4 #dgf74 ,aga93-- 8,! exi/5ce ( closely alli$ or repres5tative species 9 any two areas1 implies1 on ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 t ! same p>5ts =m]ly inhabit$ bo? areas 4 4 4 ,x mu/ be admitt$ t ^! facts receive no explanation on ! !ory ( creation 4 4 4 ,! fact 4 4 4 is intelligible on ! !ory ( natural selection1 ) its cont+5cies ( ext9ction & div]g5ce ( "*0 7p4 #dgh74 ,aga93-- 8,innum]able o!r su* facts at once expla9 !mselves on ! !ory ( desc5t ) sl[ & slight successive modifications0 7p4 #dgi74 8,any "o ^: disposition leads him to atta* m weight to unexpla9$ difficulties ?an to ! explanation ( a c]ta9 numb] ( facts1 w c]ta9ly reject my !ory0 7p4 #dhb74 8,my !ory0 became 8! !ory0 9 #ahfi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ?is po9t to ! end ( ! book ! claim is s ubiquit\s1 ei!r expressly or by implication1 t x is difficult to "k :at n to quote4 ,i mu/1 h[ev]1 cont5t myself ) only a few m extracts4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 says3-- 8,x may be ask$ h[ f> ,i ext5d ! doctr9e ( ! modification ( species0 7p4 #dhb74 ,aga93-- 8,analogy w\ld lead me "o /ep fur!r1 namely1 to ! belief t all animals & plants h desc5d$ f "s "o prototype 4 4 4 ,!re=e ,i %\ld inf] f analogy t probably all ! organic be+s :i* h ev] liv$ on ?is e>? h desc5d$ f "s "o primordial =m1 into :i* life 0 fir/ brea!d40 ,f an amba--,adam1 9 fact1 ?\gh n 9 "n4 ,?is la/ s5t5ce is n[ completely alt]$1 z well x might be4 ,aga93-- 8,:5 ! views ent]ta9$ 9 ?is volume on ! orig9 ( species1 or :5 analog\s views are g5]ally admitt$1 we c dimly =esee t !re w be a consid]able revolution 9 natural hi/ory0 7p4 #dcd74 ,possibly4 ,?is n[ /&s1 8,:5 ! views advanc$ by me 9 ?is volume1 & by ,mr4 ,wallace1 or :5 analog\s views on ! orig9 ( species are g5]ally admitt$1 we c dimly =esee10 c4 ,:5 ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 came out we knew no?+ ( any analog\s views1 & ,mr4 ,d>w9's words pass$ unnotic$4 ,i d n say t he knew !y w\ld1 b he c]ta9ly ought to h kn[n4 ,aga93-- 8,a gr& & almo/ untrodd5 field ( inquiry w be op5$1 on ! causes & laws ( v>iation1 on correlation ( gr[?1 on ! effects ( use & disuse1 on ! direct action ( ext]nal conditions1 & s =?0 7p4 #dhf74 ,buffon & ,lam>ck _h trodd5 ?is field to "s purpose1 b n a h9t to ?is effect is v\*saf$ to u4 ,aga92-- 8,:5 ,i view all be+s n z special creations1 b z ! l9eal desc5dants ( "s few be+s :i* liv$ long be=e ! fir/ b$ ( ! ,silurian sy/em 0 deposit$1 !y seem to me to become ennobl$ 4 4 4 ,we c s f> take a prophetic glance into futurity z to =etell t x w be ! common & widely spread species1 belong+ to ! l>g] & dom9ant gr\ps1 :i* w ultimately prevail & procreate new & dom9ant species40 ,!re is no alt]ation 9 ?is except t 8,silurian0 has become 8,cambrian40 ,! idyllic p>agraph ) :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 concludes 8 book conta9s no m special claim to ! !ory ( desc5t en bloc ?an _m ano!r :i* ,i h all[$ to pass unnotic$2 x has be51 moreov]1 dealt ) 9 an e>li] *apt] 7,*apt] ,,xii47 ,*apt] ,,xv ,! ,excis$ 8,my's0 ,i ,,h quot$ 9 all n9ety-sev5 passages1 z ne> z ,i c make !m1 9 :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 claim$ ! !ory ( desc5t1 ei!r expressly by speak+ ( 8my !ory0 9 su* connection t ! !ory ( desc5t ought to be1 &1 z ! ev5t has %[n1 01 und]/ood z be+ int5d$1 or by implication1 z 9 ! op5+ passages ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 9 :i* he tells u h[ he _h ?\ght ! matt] out )\t ackn[l$g+ obligation ( any k9d to e>li] writ]s4 ,! orig9al edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 conta9$ #dij pp41 exclusive ( index2 a claim1 !re=e1 m or less explicit1 to ! !ory ( desc5t 0 made on ! av]age ab\t once 9 e five pages ?r\gh\t ! book f end to end2 ! claims 7 mo/ prom95t 9 ! mo/ important p>ts1 t is to say1 at ! beg9n+ & end ( ! "w1 & ?is made !m m effective ?an !y are made ev5 by _! frequ5cy4 ,a m ubiquit\s claim ?an ?is x w\ld be h>d to f9d 9 ! case ( any writ] advanc+ a new !ory2 x is difficult1 !re=e1 to und]/& h[ ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 c\ld h all[$ himself to say t ,mr4 ,d>w9 8laid no sort ( claim to orig9ality or proprietor%ip0 9 ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification4 ,nev]!less ,i h only f\nd "o place :]e ,mr4 ,d>w9 p9n$ himself d[n beyond possibility ( retreat1 h[ev] ignom9i\s1 by us+ ! words 8my !ory ( desc5t ) modification40 #bjb;a ,he (t51 z ,i h said1 speaks ( 8my !ory10 & !n %ortly aft]w>ds ( 8desc5t ) modification10 "u su* circum/ances t no "o :o _h n be5 br\ght up 9 ! s*ool ( ,mr4 ,glad/one c\ld d\bt t ! two expressions ref]r$ to ! same ?+4 ,he seems to h felt t he mu/ be a poor wriggl] if he c\ld n wriggle out ( ?is2 give him any loophole1 h[ev] small1 & ,mr4 ,d>w9 c\ld tru/ himself to get out ?r\gh x2 b he did n l say+ :at left no loophole at all1 & 8my !ory ( desc5t ) modification0 clos$ all exits s firmly t x is surpris+ he %\ld ev] h all[$ himself to use ^! words4 ,z ,i h said1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 only us$ ?is direct categorical =m ( claim 9 "o place2 & ev5 "h1 aft] x _h /ood ?r\gh ?ree editions1 two ( :i* _h be5 l>gely alt]$1 he c\ld /& x no long]1 & alt]$ ! 8my0 into 8!0 9 #ahff1 ) ! f\r? edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,?is 0 ! only "o ( ! orig9al =ty-five my's t 0 cut out be=e ! appe>ance ( ! fif? edition 9 #ahfi1 & its excision ?r[s curi\s light ^u ! work+ ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's m9d4 ,! selection ( ! mo/ categorical my out ( ! :ole =ty-five1 %[s t ,mr4 ,d>w9 knew all ab\t 8 my's1 &1 :ile see+ reason to remove ?is1 held t ! o!rs might v well /&4 ,he ev5 left 8,on my view ( desc5t ) modification10 #bjc;a :i*1 ?\gh m capable ( explanation ?an 8my !ory10 c41 /ill runs x close2 nev]!less ! excision ( ev5 a s+le my t _h be5 all[$ to /& ?r\gh su* close revision z ^? to :i* ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 _h be5 subject$ betrays uneas9ess ( m9d1 = x is impossible t ev5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 %\ld n h kn[n t ?\gh ! my excis$ 9 #ahff 0 ! mo/ te*nically categorical1 ! o!rs 7 9 reality j z guilty1 ?\gh no t[] ( ,siloam 9 ! %ape ( excision fell ^u !m4 ,if1 !n1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 s uncom=table ab\t ?is "o z to cut x out1 x is probable he 0 f> f com=table ab\t ! o!rs4 ,?is view d]ives confirmation f ! fact t 9 #ahfi1 ) ! fif? edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 !re 0 a /amp$e ( my's ?r\gh\t ! :ole "w1 no less ?an ?irty out ( ! orig9al =ty-five be+ *ang$ into 8!10 8our10 8?is10 or "s o!r ^w1 :i*1 ?\gh hav+ all ! effect ( my1 /ill did n say 8my0 outright4 ,^! my's 71 if ,i may say s1 sneak$ out2 no?+ 0 said to expla9 _! removal to ! read] or call att5tion to x4 ,:y1 x may be ask$1 hav+ be5 consid]$ dur+ ! revisions ( #ahfa & #ahff1 & ) only "o exception all[$ to /&1 :y %\ld !y be smitt5 ) a hom+ in/9ct 9 su* l>ge numb]s ) ! fif? edition8 ,x _c be ma9ta9$ t ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h _h 8 att5tion call$ n[ = ! fir/ "t to ! fact t he _h us$ my p]haps a little too freely1 & _h bett] be m sp>+ ( x = ! future4 ,! my excis$ 9 #ahff %[s t ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h already consid]$ ?is "q1 & saw no reason to remove any b ! "o t left him no loophole4 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld t :i* 0 consid]$ & approv$ 9 #ahei1 #ahfa1 & #ahff 7n to m5tion ! second edition ( #ahei or #ahfj7 be retreat$ f ) e appe>ance ( panic 9 #ahfi8 ,mr4 ,d>w9 c\ld n well h cut out m ?an he did--n at any rate )\t say+ some?+ ab\t x1 & x w\ld n be easy to "k exactly :at say4 ,( ! f\rte5 my's t 7 left 9 #ahfi1 five m 7 cut out 9 #ahgb1 & n9e only 7 all[$ ev5tually to rema94 ,we naturally ask1 ,:y leave any if ?irty-six ought to be cut out1 or :y cut out ?irty-six if n9e ought to be left--especially :5 ! claim rema9s practically j ! same aft] ! excision z be=e x8 ,i imag9e compla9t _h e>ly rea*$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 t ! diff]5ce betwe5 himself & 8 pr$ecessors 0 unsub/antial & h>d to grasp2 traces ( "s su* feel+ appe> ev5 9 ! late ,sir ,*>les ,lyell's 8,pr9ciples ( ,geology10 9 :i* he writes t he _h repr9t$ 8 ab/ract ( ,lam>ck's doctr9e ^w = ^w1 89 ju/ice to ,lam>ck1 9 ord] to %[ h[ ne>ly ! op9ions taught by him at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury resembl$ ^? n[ 9 vogue among a l>ge body ( naturali/s respect+ ! inf9ite v>iability ( species1 & ! progressive developm5t 9 pa/ "t ( ! organic _w40 #bje;a ,sir ,*>les ,lyell c\ld n h writt5 ?us if he _h ?\ght t ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h already done 8ju/ice to ,lam>ck10 nor is x likely t he /ood alone 9 ?9k+ z he did4 ,x is probable t m rea*$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?an rea*$ ! public1 & t ! hi/orical sket* prefix$ to all editions aft] ! fir/ six ?\s& copies _h be5 sold--meagre & slov5ly z x is--0 due to e>li] manife/ation on ! "p ( "s ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's fri5ds ( ! feel+ t 0 aft]w>ds express$ by ,sir ,*>les ,lyell 9 ! passage quot$ above4 ,i suppose ! removal ( ! my t 0 cut out 9 #ahff to be due p>tly to ! ,glad/onian t5d5cies ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's m9d1 :i* w\ld naturally make t p>ticul> my at all times m or less (f5sive to him1 & p>tly to ! increase ( objection to x t mu/ h ensu$ on ! addition ( ! 8brief b imp]fect0 hi/orical sket* 9 #ahfa2 x is d\btless only by an ov]sight t ?is p>ticul> my 0 n cut out 9 #ahfa4 ,! /amp$e ( #ahfi 0 probably occasion$ by ! appe>ance 9 ,g]many ( ,pr(essor ,haeckel's 8,hi/ory ( ,creation40 ,?is 0 publi%$ 9 #ahfh1 & ,mr4 ,d>w9 no d\bt =esaw t x w\ld be translat$ into ,engli%1 z inde$ x subsequ5tly 04 ,9 ?is book "s acc\nt is giv5--v badly1 b /ill mu* m fully ?an by ,mr4 ,d>w9--( ,lam>ck's "w2 & ev5 ,erasmus ,d>w9 is m5tion$--inaccurately--b /ill he is m5tion$4 ,pr(essor ,haeckel says3-- 8,al?\gh ! !ory ( developm5t _h be5 already ma9ta9$ at ! beg9n+ ( ?is c5tury by sev]al great naturali/s1 especially by ,lam>ck & ,goe!1 x only receiv$ complete demon/ration & causal f\ndation n9e ye>s ago ?r\gh ,d>w9's "w1 & x is on ?is acc\nt t x is n[ g5]ally 7?\gh n altoge!r rightly7 reg>d$ z exclusively ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory40 #bjf;a ,lat] on1 aft] giv+ ne>ly a hundr$ pages to ! works ( ! e>ly evolutioni/s--pages t w\ld c]ta9ly disquiet ! s5sitive writ] :o _h cut out ! 8my0 :i* disappe>$ 9 #ahff--;he cont9u$3-- 8,we mu/ di/+ui% cle>ly 7?\gh ?is is n usually done7 betwe51 fir/ly1 ! !ory ( desc5t z advanc$ by ,lam>ck1 :i* deals only ) ! fact ( all animals & plants be+ desc5d$ f a common s\rce1 & secondly1 ,d>w9's !ory ( natural selection1 :i* %[s u :y ?is progressive modification ( organic =ms took place0 7p4 #ic74 ,?is passage is z inaccurate z mo/ ( ^? by ,pr(essor ,haeckel t ,i h _h occasion to exam9e h prov$ to be4 ,lett+ alone t ,buffon1 n ,lam>ck1 is ! =emo/ "n 9 connection ) desc5t1 ,i h already %[n 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new0 t ,lam>ck goes exhau/ively into ! h[ & :y ( modification4 ,he alleges ! cons]vation1 or pres]vation1 9 ! ord9>y c\rse ( nature1 ( ! mo/ fav\rable among v>iations t h be5 induc$ ma9ly by function2 ?is1 ,i h suffici5tly expla9$1 is natural selection1 ?\gh ! words 8natural selection0 are n employ$2 b x is ! true natural selection :i* 7if s metaphorical an expression is all[$ to pass7 actually does take place ) ! results ascrib$ to x by ,lam>ck1 & n ! false ,*>les-,d>w9ian natural selection t does n correspond ) facts1 & _c result 9 specific diff]5ces su* z we n[ obs]ve4 ,b1 waiv+ ?is1 ! 8my's10 )9 :i* a little rift _h begun to %[ itself 9 #ahff1 might well become z mute 9 #ahfi z !y c\ld become )\t attract+ att5tion1 :5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 saw ! passages j quot$1 & ! hundr$ pages or s t lie betwe5 !m4 ,i suppose ,mr4 ,d>w9 cut out ! five m my's t disappe>$ 9 #ahgb because he _h n yet fully recov]$ f 8 sc>e1 & all[$ n9e to rema9 9 ord] to cov] 8 retreat1 & tacitly say t he _h n done any?+ & knew no?+ :atev] ab\t x4 ,practically1 inde$1 he _h n retreat$1 & mu/ h be5 well aw>e t he 0 only retreat+ te*nically2 = he mu/ h kn[n t ! abs5ce ( ackn[l$gm5t to any e>li] writ]s 9 ! body ( 8 "w1 & ! pres5ce ( ! _m passages 9 :i* e ^w convey$ ! impression t ! writ] claim$ desc5t ) modification1 am\nt$ to a claim z mu* :5 ! actual ^w 8my0 _h be5 tak5 out z :ile x 0 all[$ to /&4 ,we took ,mr4 ,d>w9 at 8 own e/imate because we c\ld n = a mom5t suppose t a man ( means1 position1 & education1--"o1 moreov]1 :o 0 no?+ if he 0 n unself-seek+--c\ld play su* a trick ^u u :ile pret5d+ to take u into 8 confid5ce2 h5ce ! almo/ univ]sal belief on ! "p ( ! public1 ( :i* ,pr(essors ,haeckel & ,ray ,lanke/] & ,mr4 ,grant ,all5 alike compla9--namely1 t ,mr4 ,d>w9 is ! orig9ator ( ! !ory ( desc5t1 & t 8 v>iations are ma9ly functional4 ,m5 ( sci5ce mu/ n be surpris$ if ! read9ess ) :i* we respond$ to ,mr4 ,d>w9's appeal to our confid5ce is succe$$ by a proportionate res5tm5t :5 ! peculi> %abb9ess ( 8 action becomes m g5]ally und]/ood4 ,= myself1 ,i "k n :i* mo/ to wond] at--! meanness ( ! writ] himself1 or ! greatness ( ! s]vice t1 9 spite ( t meanness1 he unque/ionably r5d]$4 ,if ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h be5 deal+ fairly by u1 :5 he saw t we _h fail$ to cat* ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,erasmus-,d>w9ian !ory ( desc5t ?r\gh natural selection f among v>iations t are ma9ly functional1 & 8 own alt]native !ory ( desc5t ?r\gh natural selection f among v>iations t are ma9ly accid5tal1 &1 above all1 :5 he saw we 7 cr$it+ him ) o!r m5's "w1 he w\ld h ha/5$ to set u "r4 8,x is ) great regret10 he might h writt51 8& ) no small surprise1 t ,i f9d h[ g5]ally ,i h be5 misund]/ood z claim+ to be ! orig9ator ( ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification2 no?+ c be fur!r f my int5tion2 ! !ory ( desc5t has be5 famili> to all biologi/s f ! ye> #agdi1 :5 ,buffon advanc$ x 9 its mo/ compreh5sive =m1 to ! pres5t day40 ,if ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h said some?+ to ! above effect1 no "o w\ld h que/ion$ 8 good fai?1 b x is h>dly necess>y to say t no?+ ( ! k9d is to be f\nd 9 any "o ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's _m books or _m editions2 nor is ! reason :y ! requisite correction 0 nev] made f> to seek4 ,= if ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h said z mu* z ,i h put into 8 m\? above1 he %\ld h said m1 & w\ld ere long h be5 compell$ to h expla9$ to u :]e9 ! diff]5ce betwe5 himself & 8 pr$ecessors precisely lay1 & ?is w\ld n h be5 easy4 ,inde$1 if ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h be5 q op5 ) u he w\ld h _h to say mu* z foll[s3-- 8,i %\ld po9t out t1 accord+ to ! evolutioni/s ( ! la/ c5tury1 improvem5t 9 ! eye1 z 9 any o!r organ1 is ma9ly due to p]si/5t1 rational1 employm5t ( ! organ 9 "q1 9 su* slightly modifi$ mann] z exp]i5ce & *ang$ surr\nd+s may sugge/4 ,y w h obs]v$ t1 accord+ to my sy/em1 ?is goes = v little1 & t ! accumulation ( =tunate accid5ts1 irrespectively ( ! use t may be made ( !m1 is by f> ! mo/ important means ( modification4 ,put m briefly /ill1 ! di/9ction betwe5 me & my pr$ecessors lies 9 ?is2--my pr$ecessors ?\ght !y knew ! ma9 normal cause or pr9ciple t und]lies v>iation1 :]eas ,i ?9k t !re is no g5]al pr9ciple und]ly+ x at all1 or t ev5 if !re is1 we "k h>dly any?+ ab\t x4 ,?is is my di/9ctive feature2 !re is no deception2 ,i %all n consid] ! argum5ts ( my pr$ecessors1 nor %[ 9 :at respect !y are insuffici5t2 9 fact1 ,i %all say no?+ :atev] ab\t !m4 ,please to und]/& t ,i alone am 9 possession ( ! ma/] key t c unlock ! b>s ( ! future progress ( evolution>y sci5ce2 s great an improvem5t1 9 fact1 is my discov]y t x ju/ifies me 9 claim+ ! !ory ( desc5t g5]ally1 & ,i accord+ly claim x4 ,if y ask me 9 :at my discov]y consi/s1 ,i reply 9 ?is2--t ! v>iations :i* we are all agre$ accumulate are caus$--by v>iation4 #bji;a ,i admit t ?is is n tell+ y mu* ab\t !m1 b x is z mu* z ,i ?9k prop] to say at pres5t2 above all ?+s1 let me caution y aga9/ ?9k+ t !re is any pr9ciple ( g5]al application und]ly+ v>iation40 ,?is w\ld h be5 "r4 ,?is is :at ,mr4 ,d>w9 w\ld h _h to h said if he _h be5 frank ) u2 x is n surpris+1 !re=e1 t he %\ld h be5 less frank ?an might h be5 wi%$4 ,i h no d\bt t _m a "t betwe5 #ahei & #ahhb1 ! ye> ( 8 dea?1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 bitt]ly regrett$ 8 initial error1 & w\ld h be5 only too ?ankful to repair x1 b he c\ld only put ! diff]5ce betwe5 himself & ! e>ly evolutioni/s cle>ly be=e 8 read]s at ! co/ ( see+ 8 own sy/em come tumbl+ d[n l a pack ( c>ds2 ?is 0 m ?an he c\ld /&1 s he buri$ 8 face1 o/ri*-l1 9 ! s&4 ,i "k no m pitiable figure 9 ei!r lit]ature or sci5ce4 ,z ,i write ^! l9es 7,july #ahhf7 ,i see a p>agraph 9 ,nature :i* ,i take x is int5d$ to convey ! impression t ,mr4 ,francis ,d>w9's life & lett]s ( 8 fa!r w appe> %ortly4 ,i c =m no idea :e!r ,mr4 ,f4 ,d>w9's =?com+ "w is likely to appe> be=e ?is pres5t volume2 /ill less c ,i conjecture :at x may or may n conta92 b ,i c give ! read] a crit]ion by :i* to te/ ! good fai? ) :i* x is writt54 ,if ,mr4 ,f4 ,d>w9 puts ! di/9ctive feature t diff]5tiates ,mr4 ,c4 ,d>w9 f 8 pr$ecessors cle>ly be=e 8 read]s1 enabl+ !m to seize & c>ry x away ) !m once = all--if he %[s no desire to %irk ?is "q1 b1 on ! contr>y1 faces x & ?r[s light ^u x1 !n we %all "k t 8 "w is s9c]e1 :atev] its %ortcom+s may be 9 o!r respects2 & :5 p are do+ _! be/ to help u & make u und]/& all t !y und]/& !mselves1 a great deal may be =giv5 !m4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 we f9d mu* talk ab\t ! wond]ful light :i* ,mr4 ,*>les ,d>w9 ?rew on evolution by 8 !ory ( natural selection1 )\t any adequate attempt to make u und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! natural selection1 say1 ( ,mr4 ,patrick ,mat!w1 & t ( 8 m fam\s successor1 !n we may "k t we are be+ trifl$ )2 & t an attempt is be+ aga9 made to ?r[ du/ 9 our eyes4 ,*apt] ,,xvi ,mr4 ,grant ,all5's 8,*>les ,d>w90 ,,x is "h t ,mr4 ,grant ,all5's book fails4 ,x is impossible to believe x writt5 9 good fai?1 ) no end 9 view1 save to make some?+ easy :i* might o!rwise be f\nd difficult2 on ! contr>y1 x leaves ! impression ( hav+ be5 writt5 ) a desire to h9d] u1 z f> z possible1 f und]/&+ ?+s t ,mr4 ,all5 himself und]/ood p]fectly well4 ,aft] say+ t 89 ! public m9d ,mr4 ,d>w9 is p]haps mo/ commonly reg>d$ z ! discov]] & f\nd] ( ! evolution hypo!sis10 he cont9ues t 8! gr& idea :i* he did really orig9ate 0 n ! idea ( #8desc5t ) modification1' b ! idea ( #8natural selection1'0 & adds t x 0 ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8peculi> glory0 to h %[n ! 8nature ( ! ma*9]y0 by :i* all ! v>iety ( animal & vegetable life might h be5 produc$ by sl[ modifications 9 "o or m orig9al types4 8,! !ory ( evolution10 says ,mr4 ,all51 8already exi/$ 9 a m or less %ad[y & undevelop$ %ape20 x 0 ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8task 9 life to raise ?is !ory f ! rank ( a m]e plausible & happy guess to ! rank ( a highly elaborate & almo/ univ]sally accept$ biological sy/em0 7pp4 #c-e74 ,we all admit ! value ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's "w z hav+ l$ to ! g5]al acceptance ( evolution4 ,no "o :o rememb]s av]age middle-class op9ion on ?is subject be=e #ahfj w d5y t x 0 ,mr4 ,d>w9 :o br\ght u all r\nd to desc5t ) modification2 b ,mr4 ,all5 _c rightly say t evolution _h only exi/$ be=e ,mr4 ,d>w9's "t 9 8a %ad[y1 undevelop$ /ate10 or z 8a m]e plausible & happy guess40 ,x exi/$ 9 ! same =m z t 9 :i* mo/ p accept x n[1 & _h be5 c>ri$ to its extreme developm5t1 be=e ,mr4 ,d>w9's fa!r _h be5 born4 ,x is idle to talk ( ,buffon's "w z 8a m]e plausible & happy guess10 or to imply t ! fir/ volume ( ! 8,philosophie ,zoologique0 ( ,lam>ck 0 a less full & suffici5t demon/ration ( desc5t ) modification ?an ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 is4 ,x has its defects1 %ortcom+s1 & mi/akes1 b x is an incomp>ably s\nd] "w ?an ! 8,orig9 ( ,species20 & ?\gh x conta9s ! deplorable omission ( any ref]5ce to ,buffon1 ,lam>ck does n fir/ grossly misrepres5t ,buffon1 & !n tell him to g away1 z ,mr4 ,d>w9 did to ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges0 & to ,lam>ck4 ,if ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 believ$ & hon\r$ = say+ mu* ! same z ,lam>ck _h said1 x 0 because ,lam>ck _h borne ! brunt ( ! laugh+4 ,! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 0 possible because ! 8,ve/iges0 _h prep>$ ! way = x4 ,! 8,ve/iges0 7 made possible by ,lam>ck & ,erasmus ,d>w91 & ^! two 7 made possible by ,buffon4 ,"h a some:at %>p] l9e c be drawn ?an is usually f\nd possible :5 def9+ ! gr\nd cov]$ by philosoph]s4 ,no "o broke ! gr\nd = ,buffon to any?+ l ! ext5t t he broke x = ^? :o foll[$ him1 & ^! broke x = "o ano!r4 ,mr4 ,all5 says 7p4 #aa7 t1 89 ,*>les ,d>w9's own words1 ,lam>ck #8fir/ did ! em95t s]vice ( ar\s+ att5tion to ! probability ( all *ange 9 ! organic z well z 9 ! inorganic _w be+ ! result ( law1 & n ( miracul\s int]position4'0 ,mr4 ,d>w9 did inde$ use ^! words1 b ,mr4 ,all5 omits ! p]t95t fact t he did n use !m till six ?\s& copies ( 8 "w _h be5 issu$1 & an impression be5 made z to its scope & claims :i* ! ev5t has %[n to be n easily effac$2 nor does he say t ,mr4 ,d>w9 only pays ^! few words ( tribute 9 a quasi-preface1 :i*1 ?\gh prefix$ to 8 lat] editions ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 is amply neutralis$ by ! _s :i* ,i h %[n to be omnipres5t 9 ! body ( ! "w itself4 ,moreov]1 ,mr4 ,d>w9's /atem5t is inaccurate to an unp>donable ext5t2 8 words w\ld be fairly accurate if appli$ to ,buffon1 b !y d n apply to ,lam>ck4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 cont9ues t ,lam>ck 8seems to attribute all ! beautiful adaptations 9 nature1 su* z ! long neck ( ! giraffe = br[s+ on ! bran*es ( trees10 to ! effects ( habit4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 %\ld n say t ,lam>ck 8seems0 to d ?is4 ,x 0 8 bus9ess to tell u :at l$ ,lam>ck to 8 conclusions1 n :at 8seem$0 to d s4 ,any "o :o kn[s ! fir/ volume ( ! 8,philosophie ,zoologique0 w be aw>e t !re is no 8seems0 9 ! matt]4 ,mr4 ,d>w9's words 8seem0 to say t x really c\ld n be wor? any practical naturali/'s :ile to devote att5tion to ,lam>ck's argum5t2 ! inquiry might be ( int]e/ to antiqu>ies1 b ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h m important "w 9 h& ?an foll[+ ! vag>ies ( "o :o _h be5 s completely explod$ z ,lam>ck _h be54 8,seem0 is to m5 :at 8feel0 is to wom52 wom5 :o feel1 & m5 :o grease e o!r s5t5ce ) a 8seem10 are alike to be look$ on ) di/ru/4 8,/ill10 cont9ues ,mr4 ,all51 8,d>w9 gave no sign4 ,a flaccid1 c>tilag9\s1 unphilosophic evolutionism _h full possession ( ! field = ! mom5t1 & claim$1 z x 71 to be ! g5u9e repres5tative ( ! "y & vigor\s biological cre$1 :ile he himself 0 9 tru? ! real heir to all ! hon\rs ( ! situation4 ,he 0 9 possession ( ! ma/]-key :i* alone c\ld unlock ! b>s t oppos$ ! progress ( evolution1 & /ill he wait$4 ,he c\ld af=d to wait4 ,he 0 dilig5tly collect+1 amass+1 inve/igat+2 eag]ly read+ e new sy/ematic "w1 e book ( travels1 e sci5tific j\rnal1 e record ( sport1 or exploration1 or discov]y1 to extract f ! dead mass ( undige/$ fact :atev] item ( implicit value might swell ! def9ite co-ord9at$ s]ies ( notes 9 8 own commonplace books = ! n[ di/9ctly contemplat$ #8,orig9 ( ,species4' ,8 way 0 to make all sure beh9d him1 to summon up all 8 facts 9 irresi/ible array1 & nev] to set out ^u a public progress until he 0 secure aga9/ all possible attacks ( ! ev]-wat*ful & al]t enemy 9 ! re>10 c4 7p4 #gc74 ,x w\ld n be easy to beat ?is4 ,mr4 ,d>w9's wor/ enemy c\ld wi% him no m damag+ eulogi/4 ,( ! 8,ve/iges0 ,mr4 ,all5 says t ,mr4 ,d>w9 8felt sadly0 ! inaccuracy & want ( pr(\nd te*nical k ev]y:]e display$ by ! anonym\s au?or4 ,nev]!less1 long aft]1 9 ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 ! great naturali/ wrote ) g5]\s appreciation ( ! 8,ve/iges ( ,creation0--8,9 my op9ion x has done excell5t s]vice 9 ?is c\ntry 9 call+ att5tion to ! subject1 9 remov+ prejudice1 & 9 ?us prep>+ ! gr\nd = ! reception ( analog\s views40 ,i h already ref]r$ to ! way 9 :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 treat$ ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges10 & h /at$ ! facts at great] l5g? 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new10 b x may be z well to give ,mr4 ,d>w9's words 9 full2 he wrote z foll[s on ! ?ird page ( ! orig9al edition ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species03-- 8,! au?or ( ! #8,ve/iges ( ,creation' w\ld1 ,i presume1 say t1 aft] a c]ta9 unkn[n numb] ( g5]ations1 "s bird _h giv5 bir? to a woodpeck]1 & "s plant to ! mi/letoe1 & t ^! _h be5 produc$ p]fect z we n[ see !m2 b ?is assumption seems to me to be no explanation1 = x leaves ! case ( ! coadaptation ( organic be+s to ea* o!r & to _! physical conditions ( life unt\*$ & unexpla9$40 ,! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges0 did1 d\btless1 suppose t 8"s bird0 _h giv5 bir? to a woodpeck]1 or m /rictly1 t a c\ple ( birds _h done s--& ?is is all t ,mr4 ,d>w9 has committ$ himself to--b no "o bett] knew t ^! two birds w\ld1 accord+ to ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges10 be j z mu* woodpeck]s1 & j z little woodpeck]s1 z !y w\ld be ) ,mr4 ,d>w9 himself4 ,mr4 ,*amb]s did n suppose t a woodpeck] became a woodpeck] p] saltum ?\gh born ( "s widely diff]5t bird1 b ,mr4 ,d>w9's words h no application unless !y convey ?is impression4 ,! read] w note t ?\gh ! impression is convey$1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 avoids convey+ x categorically4 ,i suppose ?is is :at ,mr4 ,all5 means by say+ t he 8made all ?+s sure beh9d him40 ,mr4 ,*amb]s did inde$ believe 9 occasional sports2 s did ,mr4 ,d>w91 & we h se5 t 9 ! lat] editions ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 he f\nd himself con/ra9$ to lay great] /ress on ^! ?an he _h orig9ally done4 ,sub/antially1 ,mr4 ,*amb]s held mu* ! same op9ion z to ! sudd5ness or sl[ness ( modification z ,mr4 ,d>w9 did1 nor c x be d\bt$ t ,mr4 ,d>w9 knew ?is p]fectly well4 ,:at ,i h said ab\t ! woodpeck] applies also to ! mi/letoe4 ,besides1 x 0 ,mr4 ,d>w9's bus9ess n to presume any?+ ab\t ! matt]2 8 bus9ess 0 to tell u :at ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges0 _h said1 or to ref] u to ! page ( ! 8,ve/iges0 on :i* we %\ld f9d ?is4 ,i suppose he 0 too busy 8collect+1 amass+1 inve/igat+10 c41 to be at mu* pa9s n to misrepres5t ^? :o _h be5 9 ! field be=e him4 ,!re is no o!r ref]5ce to ! 8,ve/iges0 9 ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 ?an ?is suave b s+ul>ly fraudul5t passage4 ,9 8 edition ( #ahfj ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges0 %[$ t he 0 nettl$1 & said x 0 to be regrett$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h read ! 8,ve/iges0 8almo/ z mu* amiss z if1 l its decl>$ oppon5ts1 he _h an int]e/ 9 misund]/&+ x20 & a little l[] he adds t ,mr4 ,d>w9's book 89 no ess5tial respect contradicts ! #8,ve/iges1'0 b t1 on ! contr>y1 8:ile add+ to its explanations ( nature1 x express$ ! same g5]al ideas40 #baf;a ,?is is sub/antially true2 nei!r ,mr4 ,d>w9's nor ,mr4 ,*amb]s's are good books1 b ! ma9 object ( bo? is to sub/antiate ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 &1 bad z ! 8,ve/iges0 is1 x is +5u\s z comp>$ ) ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,subsequ5tly to ,mr4 ,*amb]s' prote/1 & n till1 z ,i h said1 six ?\s& copies ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 _h be5 issu$1 ! s5t5ce compla9$ ( by ,mr4 ,*amb]s 0 expung$1 b )\t a ^w ( retractation1 & ! passage :i* ,mr4 ,all5 ?9ks s g5]\s 0 ins]t$ into ! 8brief b imp]fect0 sket* :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 prefix$--aft] ,mr4 ,*amb]s _h be5 effectually snuff$ out--to all subsequ5t editions ( 8 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,!re is no excuse = ,mr4 ,d>w9's n hav+ said at lea/ ?is mu* ab\t ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges0 9 8 fir/ edition2 & on f9d+ t he _h misrepres5t$ him 9 a passage :i* he did n v5ture to reta91 he %\ld n h expung$ x quietly1 b %\ld h call$ att5tion to 8 mi/ake 9 ! body ( 8 book1 & giv5 e prom95ce 9 8 p[] to ! correction4 ,let u n[ exam9e ,mr4 ,all5's record 9 ! matt] ( natural selection4 ,= ye>s he 0 "o ( ! =emo/ apo/les ( ,neo-,d>w9ism1 & any :o said a good ^w = ,lam>ck 7 told t ?is 0 ! 8k9d ( my/ical nons5se0 f :i* ,mr4 ,all5 8_h hop$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h = ev] sav$ u40 #baf;b ,!n 9 ,octob] #ahhc came an article 9 8,m9d10 f :i* x appe>$ z ?\gh ,mr4 ,all5 _h abjur$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 & all 8 works4 8,!re are only two conceivable ways10 he !n wrote1 89 :i* any increm5t ( bra9 p[] c ev] h aris5 9 any individual4 ,! "o is ! ,d>w9ian way1 by spontane\s v>iation1 t is to say1 by v>iation due to m9ute physical circum/ances affect+ ! individual 9 ! g]m4 ,! o!r is ! ,sp5c]ian way1 by functional increm5t1 t is to say1 by ! effect ( increas$ use & con/ant exposure to v>y+ circum/ances dur+ consci\s life40 ,mr4 ,all5 calls ?is ! ,sp5c]ian view1 & s x is 9 s f> z t ,mr4 ,sp5c] has adopt$ x4 ,mo/ p w call x ,lam>ckian4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a detail4 ,mr4 ,all5 cont9ues3-- 8,i v5ture to ?9k t ! fir/ way1 if we look x cle>ly 9 ! face1 w be se5 to be practically un?9kable2 & t we h no alt]native1 !re=e1 b to accept ! second40 ,i l our look+ a 8way0 :i* is 8practically un?9kable0 8cle>ly 9 ! face40 ,i p>ticul>ly l 8practically un?9kable40 ,i suppose we c ?9k x 9 !ory1 b n 9 practice4 ,i l almo/ ev]y?+ ,mr4 ,all5 says or does2 x is n necess>y to g f> 9 se>* ( 8 good ?+s2 dr$ge up any bit ( mud f him at r&om & we are pretty sure to f9d an oy/] ) a pe>l 9 x1 if we look x cle>ly 9 ! face2 ,i mean1 !re is sure to be some?+ :i* w be at any rate 8almo/0 practically un?9kable4 ,b h[ev] ?is may be1 :5 ,mr4 ,all5 wrote 8 article 9 8,m9d0 two ye>s ago1 he 0 9 sub/antial agreem5t ) myself ab\t ! value ( natural selection z a means ( modification--by natural selection ,i mean1 ( c\rse1 ! commonly kn[n ,*>les-,d>w9ian natural selection f =tuit\s v>iations2 n[1 h[ev]1 9 #ahhe1 he is all = ?is same natural selection aga91 & 9 ! preface to 8 8,*>les ,d>w90 writes 7aft] a h&some ackn[l$gm5t ( 8,evolution ,old & ,new07 t he 8diff]s f0 me 8fundam5tally 90 my 8e/imate ( ! wor? ( ,*>les ,d>w9's di/9ctive discov]y ( natural selection40 ,?is he c]ta9ly does1 = on page #ha ( ! "w itself he speaks ( 8! di/9ctive notion ( natural selection0 z hav+1 8l all true & fruitful ideas1 m ?an once fla%$10 c4 ,i h expla9$ usque ad nauseam1 & w h5ce=? expla9 no long]1 t natural selection is no 8di/9ctive notion0 ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's4 ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8di/9ctive notion0 is natural selection f among =tuit\s v>iations4 ,writ+ aga9 7p4 #hi7 ( ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s essay 9 ! 8,lead]10 #bah;a ,mr4 ,all5 says3-- 8,x conta9s1 9 a v philosophical & ab/ract =m1 ! !ory ( #8desc5t ) modification' )\t ! di/9ctive ,d>w9ian adjunct ( #8natural selection' or survival ( ! fitte/4 ,yet x 0 j t lev] dext]\sly appli$1 & c>efully weight$ ) ! :ole weight ( 8 endlessly accumulat$ inductive in/ances1 t f9ally enabl$ our mod]n ,ar*im$es to move ! _w40 ,aga93-- 8,to acc\nt = adaptation1 = ! almo/ p]fect fitness ( e plant & e animal to its position 9 life1 = ! exi/5ce 79 o!r words7 ( def9itely correlat$ p>ts & organs1 we mu/ call 9 ! aid ( survival ( ! fitte/4 ,)\t t pot5t selective ag5t1 our conception ( ! becom+ ( life is a m]e *aos2 ord] & organisation are utt]ly inexplicable save by ! brilliant illum9at+ ray ( ! ,d>w9ian pr9ciple0 7p4 #ic74 ,& yet two ye>s previ\sly ?is same pr9ciple1 aft] hav+ be5 ?9kable = _m ye>s1 _h become 8un?9kable40 ,two ye>s previ\sly1 writ+ ( ! ,*>les-,d>w9ian s*eme ( evolution1 ,mr4 ,all5 _h impli$ x z 8 op9ion 8t all bra9s are :at !y are 9 virtue ( antec$5t function40 8,! "o cre$10 he wrote--ref]r+ to ,mr ,d>w9's--8makes ! man dep5d ma9ly ^u ! accid5ts ( molecul> physics 9 a collid+ g]m cell & sp]m cell2 ! o!r makes him dep5d ma9ly on ! do+s & ga9s ( 8 ance/ors z modifi$ & alt]$ by himself40 ,?is second cre$ is pure ,erasmus-,d>w9ism & ,lam>ck4 ,aga93-- 8,x seems to me easy to und]/& h[ survival ( ! fitte/ may result 9 progress />t+ f su* functionally produc$ ga9s 7italics m9e71 b impossible to und]/& h[ x c\ld result 9 progress1 if x _h to />t 9 m]e accid5tal /ructural increm5ts due to spontane\s v>iation alone40 #bai;a ,:i* comes to say+ t x is easy to und]/& ! ,lam>ckian sy/em ( evolution1 b n ! ,*>les-,d>w9ian4 ,mr4 ,all5 conclud$ 8 article a few pages lat] on by say+3-- 8,! fir/ hypo!sis0 7,mr4 ,d>w9's7 8is "o t ?r[s no light ^u any ( ! facts4 ,! second hypo!sis0 7:i* is unalloy$ ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck7 8is "o t expla9s !m all ) transp>5t lucidity40 ,yet 9 8 8,*>les ,d>w90 ,mr4 ,all5 tells u t ?\gh ,mr4 ,d>w9 8did n inv5t ! developm5t !ory1 he made x believable & compreh5sible0 7p4 #d74 ,9 8 8,*>les ,d>w90 ,mr4 ,all5 does n tell u h[ rec5tly he _h1 9 ano!r place1 express$ an op9ion ab\t ! value ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8di/9ctive contribution0 to ! !ory ( evolution1 s widely diff]5t f ! "o he is n[ express+ ) *>act]i/ic appe>ance ( ard\r4 ,he does n expla9 h[ he is able to execute su* rapid *anges ( front )\t =feit+ 8 claim on our att5tion2 explanations on matt]s ( ?is sort seem out ( date ) mod]n sci5ti/s4 ,i c only suppose t ,mr4 ,all5 reg>ds himself z hav+ tak5 a brief1 z x 71 = ! production ( a popul> "w1 & feels m b\nd to consid] ! int]e/s ( ! g5tleman :o pays him ?an to say :at he really ?9ks2 = surely ,mr4 ,all5 w\ld n h writt5 z he did 9 su* a di/9ctly philosophical & sci5tific j\rnal z 8,m9d0 )\t weigh+ 8 words1 & no?+ has transpir$ lately1 apropos ( evolution1 :i* w acc\nt = 8 pres5t recantation4 ,i said 9 my book 8,selections10 c41 t :5 ,mr4 ,all5 made /epp+-/ones ( 8 dead selves1 he jump$ ^u !m to "s tune4 ,i 0 a little sc&alis$ !n at ! complet5ess & sudd5ness ( ! movem5t he execut$1 & spoke sev]ely2 ,i h sometimes fe>$ ,i may h spok5 too sev]ely1 b 8 rec5t p]=mance goes f> to w>rant my rem>ks4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re is no dead self ab\t x1 & ,mr4 ,all5 has only tak5 a brief1 ,i confess to be+ n greatly edifi$4 ,i grant t a good case c be made out = an au?or's do+ z ,i suppose ,mr4 ,all5 to h done2 inde$ ,i am n sure t bo? sci5ce & religion w\ld n ga9 if e "o rode 8 neighb\r's !ory1 z at a donkey-race1 & ! lea/ plausible 7 held to w92 b surely1 z ?+s /&1 a writ] by ! m]e fact ( publi%+ a book pr(esses to be giv+ a bon fide op9ion4 ,! analogy ( ! b> does n hold1 = n only is x p]fectly und]/ood t a b>ri/] does n necess>ily /ate 8 own op9ions1 b !re exi/s a /rict ?\gh unwritt5 code to protect ! public aga9/ ! abuses to :i* su* a sy/em mu/ be liable4 ,9 religion & sci5ce no su* code exi/s--! supposition be+ t ^! two holy call+s are above ! necessity = any?+ ( ! k9d4 ,sci5ce & religion are n z bus9ess is2 /ill1 if ! public d n wi% to be tak5 91 !y mu/ be at "s pa9s to f9d out :e!r !y are 9 ! h&s ( "o :o1 :ile pret5d+ to be a judge1 is 9 reality a paid advocate1 ) no "o's int]e/s at he>t except 8 cli5t's1 or 9 ^? ( "o :o1 h[ev] w>mly he may plead1 w say no?+ b :at spr+s f mature & g5u9e conviction4 ,! pres5t unsettl$ & unsatisfactory /ate ( ! moral code 9 ?is respect is at ! bottom ( ! suppos$ antagonism betwe5 religion & sci5ce4 ,^! two are n1 or nev] ought to be1 antagoni/ic4 ,!y %\ld nev] want :at is spok5 ( z reconciliation1 = 9 reality !y are "o4 ,religion is ! qu9tess5ce ( sci5ce1 & sci5ce ! raw mat]ial ( religion2 :5 p talk ab\t reconcil+ religion & sci5ce !y d n mean :at !y say2 !y mean reconcil+ ! /atem5ts made by "o set ( pr(essional m5 ) ^? made by ano!r set ^: int]e/s lie 9 ! opposite direction--& ) no recognis$ presid5t ( ! c\rt to keep !m )9 due b\nds ?is is n always easy4 ,mr4 ,all5 says3-- 8,at ! same "t x mu/ be /eadily rememb]$ t !re are _m naturali/s at ! pres5t day1 especially among ^? ( ! l[] ord] ( intellig5ce1 :o1 :ile accept+ evolutionism 9 a g5]al way1 & !re=e always describ+ !mselves z ,d>w9ians1 d n believe1 & (t5 _c ev5 und]/&1 ! di/9ctive ,d>w9ian addition to ! evolution>y doctr9e--namely1 ! pr9ciple ( natural selection4 ,su* hazy & indi/9ct ?9k]s z ^! are /ill really at ! prior /age ( ,lam>ckian evolution0 7p4 #aii74 ,consid]+ t ,mr4 ,all5 0 at t /age himself s rec5tly1 he might deal m t5d]ly ) o!rs :o /ill f9d 8! di/9ctive ,d>w9ian adjunct0 8un?9kable40 ,x is p]haps1 h[ev]1 because he rememb]s 8 difficulties t ,mr4 ,all5 goes on z foll[s3-- 8,x is probable t 9 ! future1 :ile a =mal acceptance ( ,d>w9ism becomes g5]al1 ! special !ory ( natural selection w be ?or\ghly und]/ood & assimilat$ only by ! m ab/ract & philosophical m9ds40 ,by ! k9d ( p1 9 fact1 :o read ! ,spectator & are call$ ?\ghtful2 & 9 po9t ( fact less ?an a twelvemon? aft] ?is passage 0 writt51 natural selection 0 publicly abjur$ z 8a !ory ( ! orig9 ( species0 by ,mr4 ,romanes himself1 ) ! impli$ approval ( ! ,times4 8,?us10 cont9ues ,mr4 ,all51 8! "n ( ,d>w9 w (t5 no d\bt be tack$ on to :at are 9 reality ! pr9ciples ( ,lam>ck40 ,x requires no great p[] ( prophecy to =etell ?is1 consid]+ t x is done daily by n9e out ( t5 :o call !mselves ,d>w9ians4 ,ask t5 p ( ord9>y intellig5ce h[ ,mr4 ,d>w9 expla9s ! fact t giraffes h long necks1 & n9e ( !m w answ] 8?r\gh cont9ually /ret*+ !m to rea* high] & high] b\ghs40 ,!y d n und]/& t ?is is ! ,lam>ckian view ( evolution1 n ! ,d>w9ian2 nor w ,mr4 ,all5's book greatly help ! ord9>y read] to cat* ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two !ories1 9 spite ( 8 frequ5t ref]5ce to ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8di/9ctive feature10 & to 8 8ma/]-key40 ,no d\bt ! ,briti% public w get to und]/& all ab\t x "s day1 b x c h>dly be expect$ to d s all at once1 consid]+ ! way 9 :i* ,mr4 ,all5 & s _m m ?r[ du/ 9 its eyes1 & w d\btless cont9ue to ?r[ x z long z an hone/ p5ny is to be turn$ by do+ s4 ,mr4 ,all51 !n1 is probably "r 9 say+ t 8! "n ( ,d>w9 w no d\bt be (t5 tack$ on to :at are 9 reality ! pr9ciples ( ,lam>ck10 nor c x be d5i$ t ,mr4 ,d>w91 by 8 practice ( us+ 8! !ory ( natural selection0 z ?\gh x 7 a synonym = 8! !ory ( desc5t ) modification10 contribut$ to ?is result4 ,i d n myself d\bt t he int5d$ to d ?is1 b ,mr4 ,all5 w\ld say no less confid5tly he did n4 ,he writes ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 z foll[s3-- 8,( ,d>w9's pure & exalt$ moral nature no ,engli%man ( ! pres5t g5]ation c tru/ himself to speak ) becom+ mod]ation40 ,he proce$s to tru/ himself ?us3-- 8,8 love ( tru?1 8 s+l5ess ( he>t1 8 s9c]ity1 8 e>ne/ness1 8 mode/y1 8 c&\r1 8 absolute s9k+ ( self & selfi%ness--^!1 inde$ are all conspicu\s to e read] on ! v face ( e ^w he ev] pr9t$40 ,?is 8conspicu\s s9k+ ( self0 is ( a piece ) ! 8delightful uno/5tati\sness :i* e "o mu/ h notic$0 ab\t :i* ,mr4 ,all5 writes on page #fe4 ,does he mean t ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 8o/5tati\sly uno/5tati\s10 or t he 0 8uno/5tati\sly o/5tati\s08 ,i ?9k we may guess f ?is passage :o x 0 t 9 ! old days ( ! ,pall ,mall ,gazelle call$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 8a ma/] ( a c]ta9 happy simplicity40 ,mr4 ,all5 cont9ues3-- 8,l 8 works !mselves1 !y mu/ long outlive him4 ,b 8 sympa!tic k9dl9ess1 8 ready g5]osity1 ! /aun*ness ( 8 fri5d%ip1 ! wid? & dep? & bread? ( 8 affections1 ! mann] 9 :i* #8he bore ) ^? :o blam$ him unju/ly )\t blam+ !m aga9'--^! ?+s c nev] be s well kn[n to any o!r g5]ation ( m5 z to ! ?ree g5]ations t walk$ ! _w ) him0 7pp4 #agd1 #age74 ,aga93-- 8,he began e>ly 9 life to collect & arrange a va/ encyclopdia ( facts1 all f9ally focuss$ ) supreme skill ^u ! great pr9ciple he s cle>ly p]ceiv$ & s lucidly exp\nd$4 ,he br\ght to be> ^u ! "q an am\nt ( p]sonal obs]vation1 ( m9ute exp]im5t1 ( _w-wide book k1 ( univ]sal sci5tific ability1 su* z nev]1 p]haps1 0 lavi%$ by any o!r man ^u any o!r dep>tm5t ( /udy4 ,8 conspicu\s & beautiful love ( tru?1 8 unfl9*+ c&\r1 8 transp>5t fe>lessness & hone/y ( purpose1 8 *ildlike simplicity1 8 mode/y ( demean\r1 8 *>m+ mann]1 8 affectionate disposition1 8 k9dl9ess to fri5ds1 8 c\rtesy to oppon5ts1 8 g5tl5ess to h>% & (t5 bitt] assailants1 k9dl$ 9 ! m9ds ( m5 ( sci5ce ev]y:]e ?r\gh\t ! _w a contagi\s en?usiasm only equall$ p]haps among ! disciples ( ,socrates & ! great tea*]s ( ! revival ( le>n+4 ,8 "n became a rally+-po9t = ! *ildr5 ( light 9 e c\ntry0 7pp4 #aif1 #aig74 ,i ne$ n quote m2 ! s5t5ce goes on to talk ab\t 8firmly gr\nd+0 some?+ :i* philosoph]s & speculators might h tak5 a c5tury or two m 8to e/abli% 9 embryo20 b ^? :o wi% to see x mu/ turn to ,mr4 ,all5's book4 ,if ,i h =m$ too sev]e an e/imate ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's "w & "*--& ?is is m ?an likely--! fulsom5ess ( ! adulation lavi%$ on him by 8 admir]s = _m ye>s pa/ mu/ be 9 "s measure my excuse4 ,we gr[ tir$ ev5 ( he>+ ,ari/ides call$ j1 b :at is s freely said ab\t ,mr4 ,d>w9 puts u 9 m9d m ( :at ! p said ab\t ,h]od--t he spoke ) ! voice ( a ,god1 n ( a man4 ,s we saw ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] hail him n _m ye>s ago z ! 8greate/ ( liv+ m540 #bbd;a ,x is ill = any man's fame t he %\ld be prais$ s extravagantly4 ,nobody ev] 0 z good z ,mr4 ,d>w9 look$1 & a c\nt]bla/ to su* a hurricane ( praise z has be5 lately bl[+ w d no h>m to 8 ultimate reputation1 ev5 ?\gh x too bl[ some:at fi]cely4 ,art1 "*1 lit]ature1 religion1 sci5ce 7,i h nam$ !m 9 alphabetical ord]71 ?rive be/ 9 a breezy1 brac+ air2 ,i he>tily hope ,i may nev] be :at is commonly call$ successful 9 my own lifetime--& if ,i g on z ,i am do+ n[1 ,i h a fair *ance ( succe$+ 9 n succe$+4 ,*apt] ,,xvii ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] & ,lam>ck ,,be+ anxi\s to give ! read] a sample ( ! argum5ts aga9/ ! !ory ( natural selection f among v>iations t are ma9ly ei!r directly or indirectly functional 9 _! inception1 or m briefly aga9/ ! ,erasmus-,d>w9ian & ,lam>ckian sy/ems1 ,i c f9d no?+ m to ! po9t1 or m rec5t1 ?an ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]'s lett] to ! ,a!num ( ,m>* #bi1 #ahhd1 to ! latt] "p ( :i*1 h[ev]1 ,i ne$ alone call att5tion4 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] says3-- 8,& !n we are introduc$ to ! discr$it$ speculations ( ,lam>ck1 :i* h f\nd a wor?y advocate 9 ,mr4 ,butl]1 z really solid contributions to ! discov]y ( ! v] caus ( v>iation6 ,a mu* m important attempt to d some?+ = ,lam>ck's hypo!sis1 ( ! transmission to (fspr+ ( /ructural peculi>ities acquir$ by ! p>5ts1 0 rec5tly made by an able & exp]i5c$ naturali/1 ,pr(essor ,semp] ( ,wurzburg4 ,8 book on #8,animal ,life1' c41 is publi%$ 9 ! #8,int]national ,sci5tific ,s]ies4' ,pr(essor ,semp] adduces an imm5se numb] & v>iety ( cases ( /ructural *ange 9 animals & plants br\ght ab\t 9 ! individual by adaptation 7dur+ its individual life-hi/ory7 to new conditions4 ,"s ( ^! are v m>k$ *anges1 su* z ! loss ( its horny coat 9 ! gizz>d ( a pigeon f$ on meat2 b 9 no s+le in/ance c\ld ,pr(essor ,semp] %[--al?\gh x 0 8 object & desire to d s if possible--t su* *ange 0 transmitt$ f p>5t to (fspr+4 ,lam>ckism looks all v well on pap]1 b1 z ,pr(essor ,semp]'s book %[s1 :5 put to ! te/ ( obs]vation & exp]im5t x collapses absolutely40 ,i %\ld h ?\ght x w\ld h be5 en\gh if x _h collaps$ )\t ! 8absolutely10 b ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] does n l do+ ?+s by halves4 ,few w be tak5 9 by ! =ego+ quotation1 except ^? :o d n greatly c>e :e!r !y are tak5 9 or n2 b to save tr\ble to read]s :o may h nei!r ,lam>ck nor ,pr(essor ,semp] at h&1 ,i w put ! case z foll[s3-- ,pr(essor ,semp] writes a book to %[1 we w say1 t ! h\r-h& ( ! clock moves gradually =w>d1 9 spite ( its appe>+ /ation>y4 ,he makes 8 case suffici5tly cle>1 & !n might h be5 cont5t to leave x2 nev]!less1 9 ! innoc5ce ( 8 he>t1 he adds ! admission t ?\gh he _h (t5 look$ at ! clock = a long "t toge!r1 he _h nev] be5 able actually to see ! h\r-h& mov+4 8,!re n[10 exclaims ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] on ?is1 8,i told y s2 ! !ory collapses absolutely2 8 :ole object & desire is to %[ t ! h\r-h& moves1 & yet :5 x comes to ! po9t1 he is oblig$ to confess t he _c see x d s40 ,x is n wor? :ile to meet :at ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] has be5 above quot$ z say+ ab\t ,lam>ckism beyond quot+ ! foll[+ passage f a review ( 8,! ,ne&]?al ,skull on ,evolution0 9 ! 8,mon?ly ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce0 = ,june1 #ahhe 7p4 #cfb73-- 8,on ! v next page ! au?or reproduces ! ?readb>e objection t ! #8support]s ( ! !ory h nev] yet succe$$ 9 obs]v+ a s+le in/ance 9 all ! millions ( ye>s inv5t$ 767 9 its support ( "o species ( animal turn+ into ano!r4' ,n[1 ex hypo!si1 "o species turns into ano!r n rapidly1 z 9 a trans=mation sc5e1 b 9 successive g5]ations1 ea* be+ born a %ade diff]5t f its prog5itors4 ,h5ce to obs]ve su* a *ange is exclud$ by ! v t]ms ( ! "q4 ,does ,mr4 ,saville =get ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s apologue ( ! ephem]on :i* _h nev] witness$ ! *ange ( a *ild into a man80 ,! apologue1 ,i may say 9 pass+1 is n ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s2 x is by ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges10 & w be f\nd on page #afa ( ! #ahec edition ( t book2 b let ?is pass4 ,h[ impati5t ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] is ( any attempt to call att5tion to ! old] view ( evolution appe>s p]haps ev5 m pla9ly 9 a review ( ?is same book ( ,pr(essor ,semp]'s t appe>$ 9 8,nature10 ,m>* #c1 #ahha4 ,! t5or ( ! rem>ks la/ quot$ %[s t ?\gh :at ,i am ab\t to quote is n[ m ?an five ye>s old1 x may be tak5 z /ill giv+ u ! position :i* ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] takes on ^! matt]s4 ,he wrote3-- 8,x is necess>y10 he exclaims1 8to pla9ly & emphatically /ate0 7,:y s mu* emphasis8 ,:y n 8x %\ld be /at$087 8t ,pr(essor ,semp] & a few o!r writ]s ( simil> views0 #bbg;a 7,i h s5t = ! numb] ( 8,mod]n ,?\ght0 ref]r$ to by ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] b f9d no article by ,mr4 ,h5sl[1 & d n1 !re=e1 "k :at he _h said7 8are n add+ to or build+ on ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory1 b are actually oppos+ all t is ess5tial & di/9ctive 9 t !ory1 by ! revival ( ! explod$ notion ( #8directly trans=m+ ag5ts' advocat$ by ,lam>ck & o!rs40 ,x may be presum$ t ^! writ]s "k !y are n 8add+ to or build+ on0 ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory1 & d n wi% to build on x1 z n ?9k+ x a s\nd f\ndation4 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] says !y are 8actually oppos+10 z ?\gh !re 7 some?+ intol]ably audaci\s 9 ?is2 b x is n easy to see :y he %\ld be m angry ) !m = 8actually oppos+0 ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?an !y may be ) him1 if !y ?9k x wor? :ile1 = 8actually def5d+0 ! explod$ notion ( natural selection--= assur$ly ! ,*>les-,d>w9ian sy/em is n[ m explod$ ?an ,lam>ck's is4 ,:at ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] says ab\t ,lam>ck & 8directly trans=m+ ag5ts0 w mislead ^? :o take 8 /atem5t )\t exam9ation4 ,lam>ck does n say t modification is effect$ by means ( 8directly trans=m+ ag5ts20 no?+ c be m ali5 to ! _s ( 8 tea*+4 ,) him ! action ( ! ext]nal conditions ( exi/5ce 7& ^! are ! only trans=m+ ag5ts int5d$ by ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]7 is n direct1 b indirect4 ,*ange 9 surr\nd+s *anges ! organism's outlook1 & ?us *anges its desires2 desires *ang+1 !re is correspond+ *ange 9 ! actions p]=m$2 actions *ang+1 a correspond+ *ange is by-&-by induc$ 9 ! organs t p]=m !m2 ?is1 if long cont9u$1 w be transmitt$2 becom+ augm5t$ by accumulation 9 _m successive g5]ations1 & fur!r modifications p]haps aris+ ?r\gh fur!r *anges 9 surr\nd+s1 ! *ange w am\nt ultimately to specific & g5]ic diff]5ce4 ,lam>ck kn[s no drug1 nor op]ation1 t w m$ic9e "o organism into ano!r1 & expects ! results ( adaptive ef=t to be s gradual z to be only p]ceptible :5 accumulat$ 9 ! c\rse ( _m g5]ations4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] speaks ( ,lam>ck z hav+ 8advocat$ directly trans=m+ ag5ts10 he ei!r does n "k :at he is talk+ ab\t1 or he is trifl+ ) 8 read]s4 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] cont9ues3-- 8,!y d n seem to be aw>e ( ?is1 = !y make no attempt to exam9e ,mr4 ,d>w9's accumulat$ facts & argum5ts40 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] ne$ n %ake ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8accumulat$ facts & argum5ts0 at u4 ,we h tak5 m pa9s to und]/& !m ?an ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] has tak5 to und]/& ,lam>ck1 & by ?is "t "k !m suffici5tly4 ,we ?ankfully accept by f> ! great] numb]1 & rely on !m z our %eet-an*ors to save u f drift+ on to ! quicks&s ( ,neo-,d>w9ian natural selection2 few ( !m1 inde$1 are ,mr4 ,d>w9's1 except 9 s f> z he has endors$ !m & giv5 !m publicity1 b ,i d n "k t ?is detracts f _! value4 ,we h paid great att5tion to ,mr4 ,d>w9's facts1 & if we d n und]/& all 8 argum5ts--= x is n always giv5 to mortal man to und]/& ^!--yet we ?9k we "k :at he 0 driv+ at4 ,we believe we und]/& ?is to ! full z well z ,mr4 ,d>w9 int5d$ u to d1 & p]haps bett]4 ,:]e ! argum5ts t5d to %[ t all animals & plants are desc5d$ f a common s\rce we f9d !m mu* ! same z ,buffon's1 or z ^? ( ,erasmus ,d>w9 or ,lam>ck1 & h no?+ to say aga9/ !m2 :]e1 on ! o!r h&1 !y aim at prov+ t ! ma9 means ( modification has be5 ! fact t if an animal has be5 8fav\r$0 x w be 8pres]v$0--!n we ?9k t ! animal's own ex]tions w1 9 ! long run1 h _h m to d ) its pres]vation ?an any real or fanci$ 8fav\r40 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] cont9ues3-- 8,! doctr9e ( evolution has become an accept$ tru?0 7,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] writes z ?\gh ! mak+ ( tru? & falsehood lay 9 ! holl[ ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's h&4 ,surely 8has become accept$0 %\ld be en\gh2 ,mr4 ,d>w9 did n make ! doctr9e true7 8entirely 9 consequ5ce ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's hav+ demon/rat$ ! me*anism40 7,!re is no me*anism 9 ! matt]1 & if !re is1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 did n %[ x4 ,he made "s words :i* confus$ u & prev5t$ u f see+ t 8! pres]vation ( fav\r$ races0 0 a cloak = 8luck10 & t ?is 0 all ! explanation he 0 giv+7 8by :i* ! evolution is possible2 x 0 almo/ univ]sally reject$1 :ile su* undemon/rable ag5cies z ^? arbitr>ily ass]t$ to exi/ by ,pr(essor ,semp] & ,mr4 ,george ,h5sl[ 7 ! only means sugge/$ by its advocates40 ,und\bt$ly ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 :i* receiv$ its fir/ suffici5tly ample & undisguis$ exposition 9 #ahji ) ! 8,philosophie ,zoologique0 ( ,lam>ck1 %>$ ! common fate ( all !ories t revolutionise op9ion on important matt]s1 & 0 fi]cely oppos$ by ! ,huxleys1 ,romaneses1 ,grant ,all5s1 & ,ray ,lanke/]s ( its "t4 ,x _h to face ! reaction 9 fav\r ( ! ,*ur* :i* began 9 ! days ( ! ,fir/ ,empire1 z a natural consequ5ce ( ! horrors ( ! ,revolution2 x _h to face ! social influ5ce & !n almo/ ,d>w9ian reputation ( ,cuvi]1 :om ,lam>ck c\ld n1 or w\ld n1 squ>e2 x 0 put =w>d by "o :o 0 old1 poor1 & ere long bl9d4 ,:at !ory c\ld d m ?an j keep itself alive "u conditions s unfav\rable8 ,ev5 "u ! mo/ fav\rable conditions desc5t ) modification w\ld h be5 a h>d plant to re>1 b1 z ?+s 71 ! wond] is t x 0 n kill$ outright at once4 ,we all "k h[ l>ge a %>e social influ5ces h 9 decid+ :at k9d ( reception a book or !ory is to meet )2 true1 ^! influ5ces are n p]man5t1 b at fir/ !y are almo/ irresi/ible2 9 reality x 0 n ! !ory ( desc5t t 0 mat*$ aga9/ t ( fixity1 b ,lam>ck aga9/ ,cuvi]2 :o c be surpris$ t ,cuvi] = a "t %\ld h _h ! be/ ( x8 ,& yet x is pleasant to reflect t 8 triumph 0 n1 z triumphs g1 long liv$4 ,h[ is ,cuvi] be/ kn[n n[8 ,z "o :o miss$ a great opportunity2 z "o :o 0 great 9 small ?+s1 & /ubbornly small 9 great ones4 ,lam>ck di$ 9 #ahca2 9 #ahfa desc5t ) modification 0 almo/ univ]sally accept$ by ^? mo/ compet5t to =m an op9ion4 ,?is result 0 by no means s exclusively due to ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8,orig9 ( ,species0 z is commonly believ$4 ,dur+ ! ?irty ye>s t foll[$ #ahca ,lam>ck's op9ions made m way ?an ,d>w9ians are will+ to all[4 ,grant$ t 9 #ahfa ! !ory 0 g5]ally accept$ "u ! "n ( ,d>w91 n "u t ( ,lam>ck1 /ill x 0 ,lam>ck & n ,d>w9 t 0 be+ accept$2 x 0 desc5t1 n desc5t ) modification by means ( natural selection f among =tuit\s v>iations1 t we c>ri$ away ) u f ! 8,orig9 ( ,species40 ,! ?+ triumph$ :e!r ! "n 0 lo/ or n4 ,i ne$ n wa/e ! read]'s "t by %[+ fur!r h[ little weight he ne$ atta* to ! fact t ,lam>ckism 0 n imm$iately receiv$ ) op5 arms by an admir+ public4 ,! !ory ( desc5t has become accept$ z rapidly1 if ,i am n mi/ak51 z ! ,cop]nican !ory1 or z ,newton's !ory ( gravitation4 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] goes on to speak ( ! 8undemon/rable ag5cies0 8arbitr>ily ass]t$0 to exi/ by ,pr(essor ,semp]1 he is aga9 presum+ on ! ignorance ( 8 read]s4 ,pr(essor ,semp]'s ag5cies are 9 no way m undemon/rable ?an ,mr4 ,d>w9's are4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 p]fectly cog5t z long z he /uck to ,lam>ck's demon/ration2 8 argum5ts 7 s\nd z long z !y 7 ,lam>ck's1 or developm5ts (1 & rid]s ^u1 ,buffon1 ,erasmus ,d>w91 & ,lam>ck1 & almo/ incr$ibly silly :5 !y 7 8 own4 ,=tunately ! great] "p ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 is devot$ to prov+ ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 by argum5ts aga9/ :i* no exception w\ld h be5 tak5 by ,mr4 ,d>w9's ?ree great precursors1 except 9 s f> z ! v>iations ^: accumulation results 9 specific diff]5ce are suppos$ to be =tuit\s--&1 to d ,mr4 ,d>w9 ju/ice1 ! =tuit\sness1 ?\gh always )9 hail1 is kept z f> z possible 9 ! backgr\nd4 8,mr4 ,d>w9's argum5ts10 says ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 8re/ on ! prov$ exi/5ce ( m9ute1 _m-sid$1 irrelative v>iations n produc$ by directly trans=m+ ag5ts40 ,mr4 ,d>w9 ?r\gh\t ! body ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 is n suppos$ to "k :at 8 v>iations are or are n produc$ by2 if !y come1 !y come1 & if !y d n come1 !y d n come4 ,true1 we h se5 t 9 ! la/ p>agraph ( ! book all ?is 0 *ang$1 & ! v>iations 7 ascrib$ to ! conditions ( exi/5ce1 & to use & disuse1 b a conclud+ p>agraph _c be all[$ to ov]ride a :ole book ?r\gh\t :i* ! v>iations h be5 kept to h& z accid5tal4 ,mr4 ,romanes is p]fectly correct :5 he says #bcb;a t 8natural selection0 7mean+ ! ,*>les-,d>w9ian natural selection7 8tru/s to ! *apt] ( accid5ts 9 ! matt] ( v>iation0 ?is is all t ,mr4 ,d>w9 c tell u2 :e!r !y come f directly trans=m+ ag5ts or no he nei!r kn[s nor says4 ,^? :o accept ,lam>ck w "k t ! ag5cies are n1 z a rule1 directly trans=m+1 b ! foll[]s ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 _c4 8,b %[+ !mselves10 cont9ues ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 8at ea* new act ( reproduction1 z "p ( ! ph5om5a ( h]$ity su* m9ute #8sports' or #8v>iations' are due to con/itutional di/urbance0 7,no d\bt4 ,! diff]5ce1 h[ev]1 betwe5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck consi/s 9 ! fact t ,lam>ck believes he kn[s :at x is t s di/urbs ! con/itution z g5]ally to induce v>iation1 :]eas ,mr4 ,d>w9 says he does n "k71 8& appe> n 9 individuals subject$ to new conditions0 7,:at organism c pass ?r\gh life )\t be+ subject$ to m or less new conditions8 ,:at life is ev] ! exact fac-simile ( ano!r8 ,& 9 a matt] ( su* extreme delicacy z ! adju/m5t ( psy*ical & physical relations1 :o c say h[ small a di/urbance ( e/abli%$ equilibrium may n involve h[ great a re>rangem5t871 8b 9 ! (fspr+ ( all1 ?\gh m freely 9 ! (fspr+ ( ^? subject$ to special causes ( con/itutional di/urbance4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 has fur!r prov$ t ^! slight v>iations c be transmitt$ & int5sifi$ by selective bre$+40 ,mr4 ,d>w9 did1 inde$1 foll[ ,buffon & ,lam>ck 9 at once turn+ to animals & plants "u dome/ication 9 ord] to br+ ! pla/icity ( organic =ms m easily home to 8 read]s1 b ! fact t v>iations c be transmitt$ & int5sifi$ by selective bre$+ _h be5 s well e/abli%$ & 0 s widely kn[n long be=e ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 born1 t he c no m be said to h prov$ x ?an ,newton c be said to h prov$ ! revolution ( ! e>? on its own axis4 ,e bre$] ?r\gh\t ! _w _h kn[n x = c5turies4 ,i believe ev5 ,virgil knew x4 8,!y h10 cont9ues ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 89 ref]5ce to bre$+1 a rem>kably t5aci\s1 p]si/5t "*1 z might be expect$ f _! orig9 9 connection ) ! reproductive process40 ,! v>iations d n normally 8orig9ate 9 connection ) ! reproductive process10 ?\gh x is dur+ ?is process t !y receive organic expression4 ,!y orig9ate ma9ly1 s f> z any?+ orig9ates any:]e1 9 ! life ( ! p>5t or p>5ts4 ,)\t go+ s f> z to say t no v>iation c arise 9 connection ) ! reproductive sy/em--=1 d\btless1 /rik+ & successful sports d occasionally s arise--x is m probable t ! majority orig9ate e>li]4 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] proce$s3-- 8,on ! o!r h&1 mutilations & o!r effects ( directly trans=m+ ag5ts are r>ely1 if ev]1 transmitt$40 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] ought to "k ! facts bett] ?an to say t ! effects ( mutilation are r>ely1 if ev]1 transmitt$4 ,! rule is1 t !y w n be transmitt$ unless !y h be5 foll[$ by disease1 b t :]e disease has sup]v5$ !y n uncommonly desc5d to (fspr+4 #bcd;a ,i "k ,br[n-,squ>d consid]$ x to be ! morbid /ate ( ! n]v\s sy/em consequ5t ^u ! mutilation t is transmitt$1 r ?an ! imm$iate effects ( ! mutilation1 b ?is di/9ction is some:at f9ely drawn4 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] talks ab\t ! 8o!r effects ( directly trans=m+ ag5ts0 be+ r>ely transmitt$1 he %\ld fir/ %[ u ! directly trans=m+ ag5ts4 ,lam>ck1 z ,i h said1 kn[s !m n4 8,x is little %ort ( an absurdity10 he cont9ues1 8= p to come =w>d at ?is epo*1 :5 evolution is at l5g? accept$ solely because ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's doctr9e1 & coolly to propose to replace t doctr9e by ! old notion s (t5 tri$ & reject$40 ,:e!r ?is is an absurdity or no1 ,pr(essor ,lanke/] w d well to le>n to be> x )\t %[+ s mu* w>m?1 = x is "o t is becom+ common4 ,evolution has be5 accept$ n 8because (0 ,mr4 ,d>w9's doctr9e1 b because ,mr4 ,d>w9 s fogg$ u ab\t 8 doctr9e t we did n und]/& x4 ,we ?\ght we 7 back+ 8 bill = desc5t ) modification1 :]eas we 7 9 reality back+ x = desc5t ) modification by means ( natural selection f among =tuit\s v>iations4 ,?is la/ really is ,mr4 ,d>w9's !ory1 except 9 s f> z x is also ,mr4 ,a4 ,r4 ,wallace's2 desc5t1 alone1 is j z mu* & j z little ,mr4 ,d>w9's doctr9e z x is ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]'s or m9e4 ,i grant x is 9 great measure ?r\gh ,mr4 ,d>w9's books t desc5t has become s widely accept$2 x has become s ?r\gh 8 books1 b 9 spite (1 r ?an by reason (1 8 doctr9e4 ,inde$ 8 doctr9e 0 no doctr9e1 b only a back-door = himself to escape by 9 ! ev5t ( flood or fire2 ! flood & fire h come2 x rema9s to be se5 h[ f> ! door w "w satisfactorily4 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/]1 aga91 %\ld n say t ,lam>ck's doctr9e has be5 8s (t5 tri$ & reject$40 ,m4 ,m>t9s1 9 8 edition ( ! 8,philosophie ,zoologique10 #bce;a said truly t ,lam>ck's !ory _h nev] yet _h ! hon\r ( be+ s]i\sly discuss$4 ,x nev] has--n at lea/ 9 connection ) ! "n ( its prop\nd]4 ,to m5tion ,lam>ck's "n 9 ! pres5ce ( ! conv5tional ,engli% society naturali/ has always be5 l %ak+ a r$ rag at a c[2 he is at once infuriat$2 8z if x 7 possible10 to quote f ,isidore ,ge(froy ,/4 ,hilaire1 ^: def5ce ( ,lam>ck is "o ( ! be/ ?+s 9 8 book1 #bce;b 8t s great lab\r on ! "p ( s great a naturali/ %\ld h l$ him to #8a fanta/ic conclusion' only--to #8a flighty error1' &1 z has be5 (t5 said1 ?\gh n writt51 to #8"o absurdity ! m4' ,su* 0 ! language :i* ,lam>ck he>d dur+ 8 protract$ old age1 sadd5$ alike by ! weight ( ye>s & bl9dness2 ?is 0 :at p did n hesitate to utt] ov] 8 grave1 yet b>ely clos$1 & :at1 inde$1 !y are /ill say+--commonly too1 )\t any k ( :at ,lam>ck ma9ta9$1 b m]ely repeat+ at second h& bad c>icatures ( 8 tea*+4 8,:5 w ! "t come :5 we may see ,lam>ck's !ory discuss$1 & ,i may z well at once say refut$1 9 "s important po9ts1 ) at any rate ! respect due to "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ma/]s ( our sci5ce8 ,& :5 w ?is !ory1 ! h>dihood ( :i* has be5 greatly exagg]at$1 become fre$ f ! int]pretations & comm5t>ies by ! false light ( :i* s _m naturali/s h =m$ _! op9ion conc]n+ x8 ,if its au?or is to be condemn$1 let x1 at any rate1 n be be=e he has be5 he>d40 ,lam>ck 0 ! ,laz>us ( biology4 ,i wi% 8 m =tunate bre?r51 in/ead ( inton+ ! old ,*ur* argum5t t he has 8be5 refut$ ov] & ov] aga910 w\ld ref] u to "s ( ! be/ *apt]s 9 ! writ]s :o h refut$ him4 ,my own read+ has l$ me to become mod]ately well acqua9t$ ) ! lit]ature ( evolution1 b ,i h nev] come across a s+le attempt fairly to grapple ) ,lam>ck1 & x is pla9 t nei!r ,isidore ,ge(froy nor ,m4 ,m>t9s kn[s ( su* an attempt any m ?an ,i d4 ,:5 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] puts 8 f+] on ,lam>ck's weak places1 !n1 b n till !n1 may he compla9 ( ^? :o try to replace ,mr4 ,d>w9's doctr9e by ,lam>ck's4 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] concludes 8 note ?us3-- 8,t su* an attempt %\ld be made is an illu/ration ( a curi\s weakness ( humanity4 ,n infrequ5tly1 aft] a long conte/$ cause has triumph$1 & all h yield$ allegiance !reto1 y w f9d1 :5 few g5]ations h pass$1 t m5 h clean =gott5 :at & :o x 0 t made t cause triumphant1 & ignorantly w set up = hon\r ! "n ( a traitor or an impo/or1 or attribute to a great man z a m]it de$s & ?\ghts :i* he sp5t a long life 9 oppos+40 ,exactly s2 t is :at "o r feels1 b surely ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] %\ld say 89 try+ to fil* :ile pret5d+ to oppose & to am5d40 ,he is compla9+ "h t p p]si/5tly ascribe ,lam>ck's doctr9e to ,mr4 ,d>w94 ,( c\rse !y d2 b1 z ,i h already p]haps too abundantly ask$1 ^: fault is ?is8 ,if a man kn[s 8 own m9d1 & wants o!rs to und]/& x1 x is n (t5 t he is misund]/ood = any l5g? ( "t4 ,if he f9ds he is be+ misappreh5d$ 9 a way he does n l1 he w write ano!r book & make 8 mean+ pla9]4 ,he w g on do+ ?is = z long "t z he ?9ks necess>y4 ,i d n suppose1 = example1 t p w say ,i orig9at$ ! !ory ( desc5t by means ( natural selection f among =tunate accid5ts1 or ev5 t ,i 0 "o ( its support]s z a means ( modification2 b if ?is impression 7 to prevail1 ,i _c ?9k ,i %\ld h mu* difficulty 9 remov+ x4 ,at any rate no su* misappreh5sion c\ld endure = m ?an tw5ty ye>s1 dur+ :i* ,i cont9u$ to address a public :o welcom$ all ,i wrote1 unless ,i myself aid$ & abett$ ! mi/ake4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 wrote _m books1 b ! impression t ,d>w9ism & evolution1 or desc5t ) modification1 are id5tical is /ill ne>ly z preval5t z x 0 soon aft] ! appe>ance ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species20 ! reason ( ?is is1 t ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 at no pa9s to correct u4 ,:]e1 9 any "o ( 8 _m lat] books1 is !re a passage :i* sets ! matt] 9 its true light1 & ent]s a prote/ aga9/ ! misconception ( :i* ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] compla9s s bitt]ly8 ,! only inf]5ce f ?is is1 t ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 n displeas$ at our ?9k+ him to be ! orig9ator ( ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification1 & did n want u to "k m ab\t ,lam>ck ?an he c\ld help4 ,if we want$ to "k ab\t him1 we mu/ f9d out :at he _h said = ourselves1 x 0 no "p ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's bus9ess to tell u2 he _h no int]e/ 9 our cat*+ ! di/9ctive diff]5ce betwe5 himself & t writ]2 p]haps n2 b ?is approa*es closely to wi%+ u to misund]/& x4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,d>w9 wi%$ u to und]/& ?is or t1 no "o knew bett] h[ to %[ x to u4 ,we 7 aw>e1 on read+ ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 t !re 0 a some?+ ab\t x ( :i* we _h n full hold2 nev]!less we gave ,mr4 ,d>w9 our confid5ce at once1 p>tly because he l$ (f by tell+ u t we mu/ tru/ him to a great ext5t1 & expla9$ t ! pres5t book 0 only an in/alm5t ( a l>g] "w :i*1 :5 x came out1 w\ld make ev]y?+ p]fectly cle>2 p>tly1 aga91 because ! case = desc5t ) modification1 :i* 0 ! lead+ idea ?r\gh\t ! book1 0 s obvi\sly /rong1 b p]haps ma9ly because e "o said ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 s good1 & s mu* less self-he$+ ?an o!r p2 besides1 he _h s 8pati5tly0 & 8c>efully0 accumulat$ 8su* a va/ /ore ( facts0 z no o!r naturali/1 liv+ or dead1 _h ev] yet ev5 tri$ to get toge!r2 he 0 s k9d to u ) 81 8,may we n believe80 & 8 8,h we any "r to inf] t ! ,creator80 c4 8,( c\rse we h n10 we exclaim$1 almo/ ) te>s 9 our eyes--8n if y ask u 9 t way40 ,n[ t we und]/& :at x 0 t puzzl$ u 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's "w we d n ?9k highly ei!r ( ! *ief (f5d]1 or ( ! accessories aft] ! fact1 _m ( :om are try+ to braz5 ! matt] out1 & on a small] scale to foll[ 8 example4 ,*apt] ,,xviii ,p] ,contra 8#8,,! evil t m5 d lives aft] !m0 #bci;a is happily n s true z t ! good lives aft] !m1 :ile ! ill is buri$ ) _! bones1 & to no "o does ?is correction ( ,%akespe>e's unwont$ sple5 apply m fully ?an to ,mr4 ,d>w94 ,inde$ x 0 some:at ?us t we treat$ 8 books ev5 :ile he 0 alive2 ! good1 desc5t1 rema9$ ) u1 :ile ! ill1 ! deification ( luck1 0 =gott5 z soon z we put d[n 8 "w4 ,let me n[1 !re=e1 z f> z possible1 quit ! ungrateful task ( dwell+ on ! defects ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's "w & "*1 = ! m pleasant "o ( insi/+ ^u _! bett] side1 & ( expla9+ h[ he came to be betray$ into publi%+ ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 )\t ref]5ce to ! works ( 8 pr$ecessors4 ,9 ! outset ,i w\ld urge t x is n by any s+le book t ,mr4 ,d>w9 %\ld be judg$4 ,i d n believe t any "o ( ! ?ree pr9cipal works on :i* 8 reputation is f\nd$ w ma9ta9 ) ! next g5]ation ! place x has acquir$ ) ourselves2 nev]!less1 if ask$ to say :o 0 ! man ( our own times ^: "w _h produc$ ! mo/ important1 &1 on ! :ole1 b5eficial effect1 ,i %\ld p]haps wrongly1 b /ill bo? in/9ctively & on reflection1 "n him to :om ,i h1 un=tunately1 f\nd myself 9 m bitt] opposition ?an to any o!r 9 ! :ole c\rse ( my life4 ,i ref]1 ( c\rse1 to ,mr4 ,d>w94 ,8 claim ^u u lies n s mu* 9 :at is actually f\nd )9 ! f\r corn]s ( any "o ( 8 books1 z 9 ! fact ( 8 hav+ writt5 !m at all--9 ! fact ( 8 hav+ br\ght out "o aft] ano!r1 ) desc5t always = its keynote1 until ! lesson 0 le>n$ too ?or\ghly to make x at all likely t x w be =gott54 ,mr4 ,d>w9 want$ to move 8 g5]ation1 & _h ! p5etration to see t ?is is n done by say+ a ?+ once = all & leav+ x4 ,x almo/ seems z ?\gh x matt]s less :at a man says ?an ! numb] ( times he repeats x1 9 a m or less v>i$ =m4 ,x 0 "h ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges ( ,creation0 made 8 mo/ s]i\s mi/ake4 ,he reli$ on new editions1 & no "o pays mu* att5tion to new editions--! m>k a book makes is almo/ always made by its fir/ edition4 ,if1 in/ead ( br++ out a s]ies ( am5d$ editions dur+ ! fifte5 ye>s' law :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 gave him1 ,mr4 ,*amb]s _h foll[$ up ! 8,ve/iges0 ) new book ^u new book1 he w\ld h le>n$ mu* m1 &1 by consequ5ce1 n h be5 snuff$ out s easily once = all z he 0 9 #ahei :5 ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 appe>$4 ,! t5acity ( purpose :i* appe>s to h be5 "o ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's mo/ rem>kable *>act]i/ics 0 visible ev5 9 8 outw>d appe>ance4 ,he always rem9d$ me ( ,raffaelle's portrait ( ,pope ,julius ! ,second1 :i*1 inde$1 w\ld almo/ d = a portrait ( ,mr4 ,d>w9 himself4 ,i imag9e t ^! two m51 widely z ! sph]e ( _! action diff]$1 mu/ h be5 l ea* o!r 9 m respects ?an looks alone4 ,ea*1 c]ta9ly1 _h a h& ( iron2 :e!r ,pope ,julius wore a velvet glove or no1 ,i d n "k2 ,i r ?9k n1 =1 if ,i rememb] rightly1 he box$ ,mi*ael ,angelo's e>s = giv+ him a saucy answ]4 ,we _c fancy ,mr4 ,d>w9 box+ any "o's e>s2 inde$ !re c be no d\bt he wore a v ?ick velvet glove1 b ! h& und]nea? x 0 none ! less ( iron4 ,x 0 to 8 t5acity ( purpose1 d\btless1 t 8 success 0 ma9ly due2 b = ?is he mu/ inevitably h fall5 be=e ! _m inducem5ts to desi/ f ! pursuit ( 8 ma9 object1 :i* beset him 9 ! %ape ( ill heal?1 advanc+ ye>s1 ample private means1 l>ge dem&s ^u 8 "t1 & a reputation already great en\gh to satisfy ! ambition ( any ord9>y man4 ,i d n ga!r f ^? :o rememb] ,mr4 ,d>w9 z a boy1 & z a "y man1 t he gave e>ly signs ( be+ likely to a*ieve greatness2 nor1 z x seems to me1 is !re any sign ( unusual intellectual p[] to be detect$ 9 8 e>lie/ book4 ,op5+ ?is 8almo/0 at r&om ,i read--8,e>?quakes alone are suffici5t to de/roy ! prosp]ity ( any c\ntry4 ,if1 = in/ance1 b5ea? ,engl& ! n[ in]t subt]rane\s =ces %\ld ex]t ^? p[]s :i* mo/ assur$ly 9 =m] geological ages !y h ex]t$1 h[ completely w\ld ! entire condition ( ! c\ntry be *ang$6 ,:at w\ld become ( ! l(ty h\ses1 ?ickly-pack$ cities1 great manufacturies 7sic71 ! beautiful public & private edifices8 ,if ! new p]iod ( di/urbance 7 to comm5ce by "s great e>?quake 9 ! dead ( night1 h[ t]rific w\ld be ! c>nage6 ,engl& w\ld be at once bankrupt2 all pap]s1 records1 & acc\nts w\ld f t mom5t be lo/4 ,gov]nm5t be+ unable to collect ! taxes1 & fail+ to ma9ta9 its au?ority1 ! h& ( viol5ce & rap9e w\ld g uncontroll$4 ,9 e l>ge t[n fam9e w\ld be proclaim$1 pe/il5ce & dea? foll[+ 9 its tra940 #bdj;a ,great all[ance %\ld be made = a fir/ "w1 & ,i admit t mu* int]e/+ matt] is f\nd 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's j\rnal2 /ill1 x 0 h>dly to be expect$ t ! writ] :o at ! age ( ?irty-?ree c\ld publi% ! =ego+ passage %\ld tw5ty ye>s lat] a*ieve ! reputation ( be+ ! pr(\nde/ philosoph] ( 8 "t4 ,i h n suffici5t te*nical k to enable me to speak c]ta9ly1 b ,i "q 8 hav+ be5 ! great obs]v] & ma/] ( exp]im5t :i* he is g5]ally believ$ to h be54 ,8 accuracy 01 ,i imag9e1 g5]ally to be reli$ ^u z long z accuracy did n come into conflict ) 8 int]e/s z a lead] 9 ! sci5tific _w2 :5 ^! 7 at /ake he 0 n to be tru/$ = a mom5t4 ,un=tunately !y 7 directly or indirectly at /ake m (t5 ?an "o c\ld wi%4 ,8 book on ! action ( worms1 h[ev]1 0 %[n by ,pr(essor ,paley & o!r writ]s #bdb;a to conta9 _m s]i\s errors & omissions1 ?\gh x involv$ no p]sonal "q2 b ,i imag9e him to h be5 m or less hbt :5 he wrote ?is book4 ,on ! :ole ,i %\ld d\bt 8 hav+ be5 a bett] obs]v] ( nature ?an n9e c\ntry g5tlem5 out ( t5 :o h a ta/e = natural hi/ory4 ,presumptu\s z ,i am aw>e x mu/ appe> to say s1 ,i am unable to see m ?an av]age intellectual p[] ev5 9 ,mr4 ,d>w9's lat] books4 ,8 great contribution to sci5ce is suppos$ to h be5 ! !ory ( natural selection1 b en\gh has be5 said to %[ t ?is1 if und]/ood z he ought to h meant x to be und]/ood1 _c be rat$ highly z an intellectual a*ievem5t4 ,8 o!r mo/ important contribution 0 8 provisional !ory ( pan-g5esis1 :i* is admitt$ on all h&s to h be5 a failure4 ,?\gh1 h[ev]1 x is n likely t po/]ity w consid] him z a man ( transc5d5t intellectual p[]1 he mu/ be admitt$ to h be5 ri*ly end[$ ) a mu* m valuable quality ?an ei!r orig9ality or lit]>y p[]--,i mean ) savoir faire4 ,! c>ds he held--&1 on ! :ole1 8 h& 0 a good "o--he play$ ) judgm5t2 & ?\gh n "o ( ^? :o w\ld h a*iev$ greatness "u any circum/ances1 he nev]!less did a*ieve greatness ( no mean ord]4 ,greatness1 inde$1 ( ! highe/ k9d--t ( "o :o is )\t fe> & )\t reproa*--w n ultimately be all[$ him1 b greatness ( a r>e k9d c only be d5i$ him by ^? ^: judgm5t is p]v]t$ by temp] or p]sonal ill-w4 ,he f\nd ! _w believ+ 9 fixity ( species1 & left x believ+--9 spite ( 8 own doctr9e--9 desc5t ) modification4 ,i h said on an e>li] page t ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 heir to a discr$it$ tru?1 & left beh9d him an accr$it$ fallacy4 ,?is is true z reg>ds m5 ( sci5ce & cultur$ classes :o und]/ood 8 di/9ctive feature1 or ?\ght !y did1 & s long z ,mr4 ,d>w9 liv$ accept$ x ) v r>e exceptions2 b x is n true z reg>ds ! unread+1 unreflect+ public1 :o seiz$ ! sali5t po9t ( desc5t ) modification only1 & tr\bl$ !mselves little ab\t ! di/9ctive feature4 ,x w\ld almo/ seem z if ,mr4 ,d>w9 _h rev]s$ ! usual practice ( philosoph]s & giv5 8 esot]ic doctr9e to ! _w1 :ile res]v+ ! exot]ic = 8 mo/ intimate & fai?ful adh]5ts4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is a detail2 ! ma9 fact is1 t ,mr4 ,d>w9 br\ght u all r\nd to evolution4 ,true1 x 0 ,mr4 ,d>w9 back$ by ! ,times & ! o!r mo/ influ5tial organs ( sci5ce & culture1 b x 0 "o ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's great m]its to h develop$ & organis$ ?is back+1 z "p ( ! "w :i* he knew 0 ess5tial if s great a revolution 0 to be effect$4 ,?is is an exce$+ly difficult & delicate ?+ to d4 ,if p ?9k !y ne$ only write /rik+ & well-consid]$ books1 & t !n ! ,times w imm$iately set to "w to call att5tion to !m1 ,i %\ld advise !m n to be too ha/y 9 bas+ action ^u ?is hypo!sis4 ,i %\ld advise !m to be ev5 less ha/y 9 bas+ x ^u ! assumption t to secure a p[]ful lit]>y back+ is a matt] )9 ! compass ( any "o :o *ooses to und]take x4 ,no "o :o has n a /rong social position %\ld ev] advance a new !ory1 unless a life ( h>d fight+ is "p ( :at he lays himself out =4 ,x 0 "o ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's great m]its t he _h a /rong social position1 & _h ! good s5se to "k h[ to pr(it by x4 ,! magnific5t feat :i* he ev5tually a*iev$ 0 unhappily t>ni%$ by mu* t detracts f ! spl5d\r t ought to h att5d$ x1 b a magnific5t feat x mu/ rema94 ,^: "w 9 ?is imp]fect _w is n t>r$ & t>ni%$ by some?+ t detracts f its ideal "*8 ,x is en\gh t a man %\ld be ! "r man 9 ! "r place1 & ?is ,mr4 ,d>w9 pre-em95tly 04 ,if he _h be5 m l ! ideal "* :i* ,mr4 ,all5 endeav\rs to repres5t him1 x is n likely t he w\ld h be5 able to d z mu*1 or ne>ly z mu*1 z he actually did2 he w\ld h be5 too wide a cross ) 8 g5]ation to produce mu* effect ^u x4 ,orig9al ?\ght is mu* m common ?an is g5]ally believ$4 ,mo/ p1 if !y only knew x1 c\ld write a good book or play1 pa9t a good picture1 compose a f9e oratorio2 b x takes an unusually able p]son to get ! book well review$1 p]suade a manag] to br+ ! play out1 sell ! picture1 or compass ! p]=mance ( ! oratorio2 inde$1 ! m vigor\s & orig9al any "o ( ^! ?+s may be1 ! m difficult w x prove to ev5 br+ x be=e ! notice ( ! public4 ,! error ( mo/ orig9al p is 9 be+ j a trifle too orig9al4 ,x 0 9 8 bus9ess qualities--& ^!1 aft] all1 are ! mo/ ess5tial to success1 t ,mr4 ,d>w9 %[$ himself s sup]lative4 ,^! are n only ! mo/ ess5tial to success1 b x is only by blasphem+ ! _w 9 a way :i* no good citiz5 ( ! _w w d1 t we c d5y !m to be ! ones :i* %\ld mo/ comm& our admiration4 ,we are 9 ! _w2 surely s long z we are 9 x we %\ld be ( x1 & n give ourselves airs z ?\gh we 7 too good = our g5]ation1 & w\ld lay ourselves out to please any o!r by pref]5ce4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 play$ = 8 own g5]ation1 & he got 9 ! v ample/ measure ! recognition :i* he endeav\r$1 z we all d1 to obta94 ,8 success 01 no d\bt1 9 great measure due to ! fact t he knew our little ways1 & hum\r$ !m2 b if he _h n _h little ways ( 8 own1 he nev] c\ld h be5 s mu* au fait ) ours4 ,he knew1 = example1 we %\ld be pleas$ to he> t he _h tak5 8 boots (f s z n to di/urb 8 worms :5 wat*+ !m by night1 s he told u ( ?is1 & we 7 delight$4 ,he knew we %\ld l 8 us+ ! ^w 8sag10 s he us$ x1 #bde;a & we said x 0 beautiful4 ,true1 he us$ x wrongly1 = he 0 writ+ ab\t tesselat$ pavem5t1 & build]s assure me t 8sag0 is a ^w :i* applies to timb] only1 b ?is is n to ! po9t2 ! po9t 01 t ,mr4 ,d>w9 %\ld h us$ a ^w t we did n und]/&2 ?is %[$ t he _h a va/ fund ( k at 8 comm& ab\t all sorts ( practical details ) :i* he might h well be5 unacqua9t$4 ,we d n deal ! same measure to man & to ! l[] animals 9 ! matt] ( intellig5ce2 ! less we und]/& ^! la/1 ! less1 we say1 n we1 b !y c und]/&2 :]eas ! less we c und]/& a man1 ! m intellig5t we are apt to ?9k him4 ,no "o %\ld neglect by-play ( ?is description2 if ,i live to be /rong en\gh to c>ry x ?r\gh1 ,i mean to play 8cambre10 & ,i %all spell x 8camb]40 ,i wond] ,mr4 ,d>w9 nev] abus$ ?is ^w4 ,laugh at him1 h[ev]1 z we may = hav+ said 8sag10 if he _h n be5 ! k9d ( man to "k ! value ( ^! little hits1 nei!r w\ld he h be5 ! k9d ( man to p]suade u into fir/ tol]at+1 & !n cordially accept+1 desc5t ) modification4 ,!re is a correlation ( m5tal z well z ( physical gr[?1 & we c\ld n probably h _h "o set ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's qualities )\t ! o!r4 ,if he _h be5 m faultless1 he might h writt5 bett] books1 b we %\ld h li/5$ worse4 ,a book's prosp]ity is l a je/'s--9 ! e> ( him t he>s x4 ,mr4 ,sp5c] w\ld n--at lea/ "o _c ?9k he w\ld--h be5 able to effect ! revolution :i* w h5ce=? d\btless be connect$ ) ,mr4 ,d>w9's "n4 ,he _h be5 insi/+ on evolution = "s ye>s be=e ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 came out1 b he might z well h prea*$ to ! w9ds1 = all ! visible effect t _h be5 produc$4 ,on ! appe>ance ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's book ! effect 0 in/antane\s2 x 0 l ! *ange 9 ! condition ( a pati5t :5 ! "r m$ic9e has be5 hit on aft] all sorts ( ?+s h be5 tri$ & fail$4 ,grant$ t x 0 comp>atively easy = ,mr4 ,d>w91 z hav+ be5 born into ! h\sehold ( "o ( ! prophets ( evolution1 to arrive at conclusions ab\t ! fixity ( species :i*1 if n s born1 he might nev] h rea*$ at all2 ?is does n make x any easi] = him to h got o!rs to agree ) him4 ,any "o1 aga91 may h money left him1 or run up aga9/ x1 or h x run up aga9/ him1 z x does aga9/ "s p1 b x is only a v s5sible p]son :o does n lose x4 ,moreov]1 once beg9 to g beh9d a*ievem5t & !re is an end ( ev]y?+4 ,did ! _w give mu* he$ to or believe 9 evolution be=e ,mr4 ,d>w9's "t8 ,c]ta9ly n4 ,did we beg9 to att5d & be p]suad$ soon aft] ,mr4 ,d>w9 began to write8 ,c]ta9ly yes4 ,did we ere long g ov] en masse8 ,assur$ly4 ,if1 z ,i said 9 8,life & ,habit10 any "o asks :o taught ! _w to believe 9 evolution1 ! answ] to ! end ( "t mu/ be t x 0 ,mr4 ,d>w94 ,& yet ! m 8 "w is look$ at1 ! m m>vell\s does its success become4 ,x seems z if "s organisms c d any?+ ) any?+4 ,bee?ov5 pick$ 8 tee? ) ! snuff]s1 & seems to h pick$ !m suffici5tly to 8 satisfaction4 ,s ,mr4 ,d>w9 ) "o ( ! wor/ /yles imag9able did all t ! cle>e/1 t]se/ writ] c\ld h done4 ,/range1 t su* a ma/] ( cunn+ 79 ! s5se ( my title7 %\ld h be5 ! apo/le ( luck1 & "o s t]ribly unlucky z ,lam>ck1 ( cunn+1 b su* is ! irony ( nature4 ,buffon plant$1 ,erasmus ,d>w9 & ,lam>ck wat]$1 b x 0 ,mr4 ,d>w9 :o said1 8,t fruit is ripe10 & %ook x into 8 lap4 ,) ?is ,mr4 ,d>w9's be/ fri5ds ought to be cont5t2 8 admir]s are n well advis$ 9 repres5t+ him z end[$ ) all sorts ( qualities :i* he 0 v f> f possess+4 ,?us x is pret5d$ t he 0 "o ( ^? m5 :o 7 ev] on ! wat* = new ideas1 ev] ready to give a help+ h& to ^? :o 7 try+ to advance our k1 ev] will+ to own to a mi/ake & give up ev5 8 mo/ *]i%$ ideas if tru? requir$ !m at 8 h&s4 ,no conception c be m wantonly inexact4 ,i grant t if a writ] 0 suffici5tly at once incompet5t & obsequi\s ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 8ev] ready10 c4 ,s ! ,emp]ors ( ,au/ria wa% a few poor p's feet on "s "o ( ! fe/ivals ( ! ,*ur*1 b x w\ld n be safe to g5]alise f ?is ye>ly c]emony1 & conclude t ! ,emp]ors ( ,au/ria are 9 ! habit ( wa%+ poor p's feet4 ,i c und]/& ,mr4 ,d>w9's n hav+ tak5 any public notice1 = example1 ( 8,life & ,habit10 = ?\gh ,i did n attack him 9 =ce 9 t book1 x 0 abundantly cle> t an attack c\ld n be long delay$1 & a man may be p>don$ = n do+ any?+ to adv]tise ! works ( 8 oppon5ts2 b !re is no excuse = 8 nev] hav+ ref]r$ to ,pr(essor ,h]+'s "w ei!r 9 8,nature10 :5 ,pr(essor ,ray ,lanke/] fir/ call$ att5tion to x 7,july #ac1 #ahgf71 or 9 "s "o ( 8 subsequ5t books4 ,if 8 attitude t[>ds ^? :o work$ 9 ! same field z himself _h be5 ! g5]\s "o :i* 8 admir]s pret5d1 he w\ld h c]ta9ly come =w>d1 n necess>ily z adopt+ ,pr(essor ,h]+'s !ory1 b /ill z help+ x to obta9 a he>+4 ,8 n hav+ done s is ( a piece ) 8 sil5ce ab\t ,buffon1 ,erasmus ,d>w91 & ,lam>ck 9 ! e>ly editions ( ! 8,orig9 ( ,species10 & ) ! meagre ref]5ce to !m :i* is alone f\nd 9 ! lat] ones4 ,x is ( a piece also ) ! sil5ce :i* ,mr4 ,d>w9 inv>iably ma9ta9$ :5 he saw 8 position irretrievably damag$1 z1 = example1 by ,mr4 ,sp5c]'s objection already ref]r$ to1 & by ! late ,pr(essor ,fleem+ ,j5k9 9 ! ,nor? ,briti% ,review 7,june #ahfg74 ,sci5ce1 aft] all1 %\ld =m a k+dom :i* is m or less n ( ?is _w4 ,! ideal sci5ti/ %\ld "k nei!r self nor fri5d nor foe--he %\ld be able to hob-nob ) ^? :om he mo/ vehem5tly attacks1 & to fly at ! sci5tific ?roat ( ^? to :om he is p]sonally mo/ atta*$2 he %\ld be nei!r grateful = a fav\rable review nor displeas$ at a ho/ile "o2 8 lit]>y & sci5tific life %\ld be some?+ z f> ap>t z possible f 8 social2 x is ?us1 at lea/1 alone t any "o w be able to keep 8 eye s+le = facts1 & _! legitimate inf]5ces4 ,we h se5 ,pr(essor ,miv>t lately tak5 to task by ,mr4 ,romanes = hav+ said #bdh;a t ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 s+ul>ly s5sitive to criticism1 & made x impossible = ,pr(essor ,miv>t to cont9ue fri5dly p]sonal relations ) him aft] he _h v5tur$ to ma9ta9 8 own op9ion4 ,i see no reason to "q ,pr(essor ,miv>t's accuracy1 & f9d :at he has said to agree alike ) my own p]sonal exp]i5ce ( ,mr4 ,d>w91 & ) all ! light t 8 works ?r[ ^u 8 "*4 ,! mo/ sub/antial apology t c be made = 8 attempt to claim ! !ory ( desc5t ) modification is to be f\nd 9 ! practice ( ,lam>ck1 ,mr4 ,patrick ,mat!w1 ! au?or ( ! 8,ve/iges ( ,creation10 & ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 &1 aga91 9 ! total abs5ce ( compla9t :i* ?is practice met )4 ,if ,lam>ck might write ! 8,philosophie ,zoologique0 )\t1 s f> z ,i rememb]1 "o ^w ( ref]5ce to ,buffon1 & )\t be+ compla9$ (1 :y might n ,mr4 ,d>w9 write ! 8,orig9 ( ,species0 )\t m ?an a pass+ allusion to ,lam>ck8 ,mr4 ,patrick ,mat!w1 aga91 ?\gh writ+ :at is obvi\sly a rsum ( ! evolution>y !ories ( 8 "t1 makes no m5tion ( ,lam>ck1 ,erasmus ,d>w91 or ,buffon4 ,i h n ! orig9al edition ( ! 8,ve/iges ( ,creation0 be=e me1 b feel sure ,i am ju/ifi$ 9 say+ t x claim$ to be a m or less ,m9]va-l "w1 t sprang full arm$ f ! bra9 ( ,mr4 ,*amb]s himself4 ,?is at lea/ is h[ x 0 receiv$ by ! public2 &1 h[ev] viol5t ! opposition x met )1 ,i _c f9d t its au?or 0 blam$ = n hav+ made adequate m5tion ( ,lam>ck4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,sp5c] wrote 8 fir/ essay on evolution 9 ! ,lead] 7,m>* #bj1 #aheb7 he did inde$ beg9 8 argum5t1 8,^? :o cavali]ly reject ! doctr9e ( ,lam>ck10 c41 s t 8 essay purports to be writt5 9 support ( ,lam>ck2 b :5 he republi%$ 8 article 9 #aheh1 ! ref]5ce to ,lam>ck 0 cut out4 ,i make no d\bt t x 0 ! bad example set him by ! writ]s nam$ 9 ! prec$+ p>agraph :i* betray$ ,mr4 ,d>w9 into do+ z !y did1 b be+ m consci5ti\s ?an !y1 he c\ld n br+ himself to d x )\t hav+ satisfi$ himself t he _h got hold ( a m or less di/9ctive feature1 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 made matt]s worse4 ,! di/9ctive feature 0 n due to any deep-laid plan = pit*=k+ m9d out ( ! univ]se1 or z "p ( a s*eme ( mat]iali/ic philosophy1 ?\gh x has s9ce be5 made to play an important "p 9 ! attempt to fur!r ?is2 ,mr4 ,d>w9 0 p]fectly innoc5t ( any int5tion ( gett+ rid ( m9d1 & did n1 probably1 c>e ! toss ( sixp5ce :e!r ! univ]se 0 in/9ct ) m9d or no--:at he did c>e ab\t 0 c>ry+ (f ! palm 9 ! matt] ( desc5t ) modification1 & ! di/9ctive feature 0 an adjunct ) :i* 8 n]v\s1 s5sitive1 ,glad/onian nature w\ld n all[ him to disp5se4 ,& :y1 x may be ask$1 %\ld n ! palm be giv5 to ,mr4 ,d>w9 if he want$ x1 & 0 at s mu* pa9s to get x8 ,:y1 if sci5ce is a k+dom n ( ?is _w1 make s mu* fuss ab\t settl+ :o is entitl$ to :at8 ,at be/ su* que/ions are ( a sorry p]sonal nature1 t c h little be>+ ^u facts1 & x is ^! t alone %\ld conc]n u4 ,! answ] is1 t if ! "q is s m]ely p]sonal & unimportant1 ,mr4 ,d>w9 may z well yield z ,buffon1 ,erasmus ,d>w91 & ,lam>ck2 ,mr4 ,d>w9's admir]s f9d no difficulty 9 appreciat+ ! importance ( a p]sonal elem5t z f> z he is conc]n$2 let !m n wond]1 !n1 if o!rs1 :ile anxi\s to give him ! laurels to :i* he is entitl$1 are some:at indignant at ! attempt to cr[n him ) leaves t h be5 fil*$ f ! br[s ( ! great dead :o w5t be=e him4 ,palmam qui m]uit f]at4 ,! in/9ct :i* tells u t no man 9 ! sci5tific or lit]>y _w %\ld claim m ?an 8 due is an old &1 ,i imag9e1 a :olesome "o1 & if a sci5tific self-d5y+ ord9ance is dem&$1 we may reply ) ju/ice1 ,que messieurs les ,*>les-,d>w9ies comm5c5t4 ,mr4 ,d>w9 w h a cr[n suffici5t = any ord9>y br[ rema9+ 9 ! a*ievem5t ( hav+ done m ?an any o!r writ]1 liv+ or dead1 to popul>ise evolution4 ,?is mu* may be ungrudg+ly conc$$ to him1 b m ?an ?is ^? :o h 8 sci5tific position mo/ at he>t w be well advis$ if !y cease h5ce=? to dem&4 ,*apt] ,,xix ,conclusion ,,& n[ ,i br+ ?is book to a conclusion4 ,s _m ?+s requir+ att5tion h happ5$ s9ce x 0 begun t ,i leave x 9 a v diff]5t %ape to ! "o :i* x 0 orig9ally int5d$ to be>4 ,i h omitt$ mu* t ,i _h meant to deal )1 & h be5 tempt$ sometimes to introduce matt] ! connection ( :i* ) my subject is n imm$iately app>5t4 ,su* h[ev]1 z ! book is1 x mu/ n[ g 9 ! =m into :i* x has gr[n almo/ m 9 spite ( me ?an f malice prep5se on my "p4 ,i 0 afraid t x might ?us set me at defiance1 & 9 an e>ly *apt] express$ a d\bt :e!r ,i %\ld f9d x r$\nd greatly to my advantage ) m5 ( sci5ce2 9 ?is conclud+ *apt] ,i may say t d\bt has deep5$ into some?+ l c]ta9ty4 ,i regret ?is1 b _c help x4 ,among ! po9ts ) :i* x 0 mo/ incumb5t ^u me to deal 0 t ( vegetable intellig5ce4 ,a read] may well say t unless ,i give plants mu* ! same s5se ( pleasure & pa91 memory1 p[] ( w1 & intellig5t p]ception ( ! be/ way 9 :i* to employ _! opportunities t ,i give to l[ animals1 my argum5t falls to ! gr\nd4 ,if ,i decl>e organic modification to be ma9ly due to function1 & h5ce 9 ! close/ correlation ) m5tal *ange1 ,i mu/ give plants1 z well z animals1 a m9d1 & end[ !m ) p[] to reflect & reason ^u all t mo/ conc]ns !m4 ,_m :o w feel little difficulty ab\t admitt+ t animal modification is ^u ! :ole ma9ly due to ! secul> cunn+ ( ! animals !mselves w yet hesitate be=e !y admit t plants also c h a reason & cunn+ ( _! own4 ,unwill+ness to conc$e ?is is bas$ pr9cipally ^u ! error conc]n+ intellig5ce to :i* ,i h already ref]r$--,i mean to our reg>d+ intellig5ce n s mu* z ! p[] ( und]/&+ z t ( be+ und]/ood by ourselves4 ,once admit t ! evid5ce 9 fav\r ( a plant's kn[+ its own bus9ess dep5ds m on ! effici5cy ) :i* t bus9ess is conduct$ ?an ei!r on our p[] ( und]/&+ h[ x c be conduct$1 or on any signs on ! plant's "p ( a capacity = und]/&+ ?+s t d n conc]n x1 & !re w be no fur!r difficulty ab\t suppos+ t 9 its own sph]e a plant is j z intellig5t z an animal1 & keeps a %>p look-out ^u its own int]e/s1 h[ev] indiff]5t x may seem to be to ours4 ,s /rong has be5 ! set ( rec5t op9ion 9 ?is direction t ) botani/s ! =ego+ n[ almo/ goes )\t say+1 ?\gh few five ye>s ago w\ld h accept$ x4 ,to no "o ( ! sev]al work]s 9 ?is field are we m indebt$ = ! *ange :i* has be5 br\ght ab\t 9 ?is respect ?an to my late valu$ & lam5t$ fri5d ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,tylor4 ,mr4 ,tylor 0 n ! discov]] ( ! protoplasmic cont9uity t exi/s 9 plants1 b he 0 among ! v fir/ to welcome ?is discov]y1 & 8 exp]im5ts at ,c>%alton 9 ! ye>s #ahhc & #ahhd demon/rat$ t1 :e!r !re 0 protoplasmic cont9uity 9 plants or no1 !y 7 at any rate end[$ ) "s measure ( reason1 =e?\ght1 & p[] ( self-adaptation to v>y+ surr\nd+s4 ,x is n = me to give ! details ( ^! exp]im5ts4 ,i _h ! good =tune to see !m m ?an once :ile !y 7 9 progress1 & 0 pres5t :5 !y 7 made ! subject ( a pap] read by ,mr4 ,sydney ,b4 ,j4 ,sk]t*ly be=e ! ,l9nean ,society1 ,mr4 ,tylor be+ !n too ill to read x himself4 ,! pap] has s9ce be5 edit$ by ,mr4 ,sk]t*ly1 & publi%$4 #bec;a ,any?+ t %\ld be said fur!r ab\t x w come be/ f ,mr4 ,sk]t*ly2 x w be en\gh "h if ,i give ! rsum ( x prep>$ by ,mr4 ,tylor himself4 ,9 ?is ,mr4 ,tylor said3--8,! pr9ciples :i* und]lie ?is pap] are ! individuality ( plants1 ! necessity = "s co-ord9at+ sy/em to enable ! p>ts to act 9 conc]t1 & ! probability t ?is also necessitates ! admission t plants h a dim sort ( intellig5ce4 8,x is %[n t a tree1 = example1 is some?+ m ?an an aggregation ( tissues1 b is a complex be+ p]=m+ acts z a :ole1 & n m]ely responsive to ! direct influ5ce ( light1 c4 ,! tree kn[s m ?an its bran*es1 z ! species "k m ?an ! individual1 ! community ?an ! unit4 8,moreov]1 inasmu* z my exp]im5ts %[ t _m plants & trees possess ! p[] ( adapt+ !mselves to unfamili> circum/ances1 su* z1 = in/ance1 avoid+ ob/acles by b5d+ aside be=e t\*+1 or by alt]+ ! leaf arrangem5t1 x seems probable t at lea/ z mu* volunt>y p[] mu/ be accord$ to su* plants z to c]ta9 l[ly organis$ animals4 8,f9ally1 a connect+ sy/em by means ( :i* comb9$ movem5ts take place is f\nd 9 ! ?reads ( protoplasm :i* unite ! v>i\s cells1 & :i* ,i h n[ %[n to exi/ ev5 9 ! wood ( trees4 8,"o ( ! important facts seems to be ! univ]sality ( ! upw>d curvature ( ! tips ( gr[+ bran*es ( trees1 & ! p[] possess$ by ! tree to /raight5 its bran*es aft]w>ds1 s t new gr[? %all by simil> means be able to obta9 ! necess>y light & air4 8,a h\se1 to use a sanit>y analogy1 is functionally useless )\t x obta9s a good supply ( light & air4 ,! ar*itect /rives s to produce ! h\se z to atta9 ?is end1 & /ill leave ! h\se com=table4 ,b ! h\se1 ?\gh dep5d5t ^u1 is n produc$ by1 ! light & air4 ,s a tree is functionally useless1 & _c ev5 exi/ )\t a prop] supply ( light & air2 b1 :]eas x has be5 ! cu/om to ascribe ! heliotropic & o!r motions to ! direct influ5ce ( ^? ag5ts1 ,i w\ld r sugge/ t ! movem5ts are to "s ext5t due to ! desire ( ! plant to acquire its necess>ies ( life40 ,! m ,i h reflect$ ^u ,mr4 ,tylor's ,c>%alton exp]im5ts1 ! m conv9c$ ,i am ( _! great value4 ,no "o1 inde$1 ought to h d\bt$ t plants 7 intellig5t1 b we all ( u d mu* t we ought n to d1 & ,mr4 ,tylor suppli$ a demon/ration :i* may be h5ce=? au?oritatively appeal$ to4 ,i w take ! pres5t opportunity ( insi/+ ^u a sugge/ion :i* ,i made 9 8,alps & ,sanctu>ies0 7,new edition1 pp4 #aeb1 #aec71 ) :i* ,mr4 ,tylor 0 mu* pleas$1 & :i*1 at 8 reque/1 ,i made ! subject ( a few words t ,i v5tur$ to say at ! ,l9nean ,society's rooms aft] 8 pap] _h be5 read4 8,admitt+10 ,i said1 8! common protoplasmic orig9 ( animals & plants1 & sett+ aside ! notion t plants prec$$ animals1 we are /ill fac$ by ! problem :y protoplasm %\ld h develop$ into ! organic life ( ! _w1 along two ma9 l9es1 & only two--! animal & ! vegetable4 ,:y1 if !re 0 an e>ly s*ism--& ?is !re cle>ly 0--%\ld !re n h be5 _m subsequ5t ones ( equal importance8 ,we see innum]able sub-divisions ( animals & plants1 b we see no o!r su* great subdivision ( organic life z t :]eby x ranges itself1 = ! mo/ "p readily1 z ei!r animal or vegetable4 ,:y any subdivision8--b if any1 :y n m ?an two great classes80 ,! two ma9 /ems ( ! tree ( life ought1 "o w\ld ?9k1 to h be5 =m$ on ! same pr9ciple z ! b\ghs :i* repres5t g5]a1 & ! twigs :i* /& = species & v>ieties4 ,if specific diff]5ces arise ma9ly f diff]5ces ( action tak5 9 consequ5ce ( diff]5ces ( op9ion1 !n1 s ultimately d g5]ic2 s1 !re=e1 aga91 d diff]5ces betwe5 families2 s !re=e1 by analogy1 %\ld t greate/ ( diff]5ces 9 virtue ( :i* ! _w ( life is ma9ly animal1 or vegetable4 ,9 ?is la/ case z mu* z 9 t ( specific diff]5ce1 we ought to f9d div]g5t =m ! embodim5t & organic expression ( div]g5t op9ion4 ,=m is m9d made manife/ 9 fle% ?r\gh action3 %ades ( m5tal diff]5ce be+ express$ 9 %ades ( physical diff]5ce1 :ile broad fundam5tal diff]5ces ( op9ion are express$ 9 broad fundam5tal diff]5ces ( bodily %ape4 ,or to put x ?us3-- ,if =m & habit be reg>d$ z functionally int]dep5d5t1 t is to say1 if nei!r =m nor habit c v>y )\t correspond+ v>iation 9 ! o!r1 & if habit & op9ion conc]n+ advantage are also functionally int]dep5d5t1 x foll[s self-evid5tly t =m & op9ion conc]n+ advantage 7& h5ce =m & cunn+7 w be functionally int]dep5d5t also1 & t !re c be no great modification ( ! "o )\t correspond+ modification ( ! o!r4 ,let !re1 !n1 be a po9t 9 respect ( :i* op9ion might be e>ly & easily divid$--a po9t 9 respect ( :i* two c\rses involv+ diff]5t l9es ( action pres5t$ equally-balanc$ advantages--& !re w\ld be an e>ly subdivision ( primordial life1 accord+ z ! "o view or ! o!r 0 tak54 ,x is obvi\s t ! pros & cons = ei!r c\rse mu/ be suppos$ v ne>ly equal1 o!rwise ! c\rse :i* pres5t$ ! fewe/ advantages w\ld be att5d$ ) ! probable gradual ext9ction ( ! organis$ be+s t adopt$ x1 b !re be+ suppos$ two possible modes ( action v ev5ly balanc$ z reg>ds advantage & disadvantages1 !n ! ultimate appe>ance ( two correspond+ =ms ( life is a sequitur f ! admission t =m v>ies z function1 & function z op9ion conc]n+ advantage4 ,if !re are ?ree1 f\r1 five1 or six su* op9ions t5able1 we ought to h ?ree1 f\r1 five1 or six ma9 subdivisions ( life4 ,z ?+s are1 we h two only4 ,c we1 !n1 see a matt] on :i* op9ion 0 likely to be easily & e>ly divid$ into two1 & only two1 ma9 divisions--no ?ird c\rse be+ conceivable8 ,if s1 ?is %\ld sugge/ itself z ! probable s\rce f :i* ! two ma9 =ms ( organic life h be5 d]iv$4 ,i submit t we c see su* a matt] 9 ! "q :e!r x pays bett] to sit /ill & make ! be/ ( :at comes 9 "o's way1 or to g ab\t 9 se>* ( :at "o c f9d4 ,( c\rse we1 z animals1 naturally hold t x is bett] to g ab\t 9 se>* ( :at we c f9d ?an to sit /ill & make ! be/ ( :at comes2 b !re is /ill s mu* to be said on ! o!r side1 t _m classes ( animals h settl$ d[n into sessile habits1 :ile a p]haps ev5 l>g] numb] are1 l spid]s1 habitual li]s 9 wait r ?an travell]s 9 se>* ( food4 ,i w\ld ask my read]1 !re=e1 to see ! op9ion t x is bett] to g 9 se>* ( prey z =mulat$1 & f9d+ its organic expression1 9 animals2 & ! o!r--t x is bett] to be ev] on ! look-out to make ! be/ ( :at *ance br+s up to !m--9 plants4 ,"s few int]m$iate =ms /ill record to u ! long /ruggle dur+ :i* ! s*ism 0 n yet complete1 & ! halt+ betwe5 two op9ions :i* x might be expect$ t "s organisms %\ld exhibit4 8,nei!r class10 ,i said 9 8,alps & ,sanctu>ies10 8has be5 q consi/5t4 ,:o ev] is or c be8 ,e extreme--e op9ion c>ri$ to its logical end--w prove to be an absurdity4 ,plants ?r[ out roots & b\ghs & leaves2 ?is is a k9d ( locomotion2 &1 z ,dr4 ,erasmus ,d>w9 long s9ce po9t$ out1 !y d sometimes approa* ne>ly to :at may be call$ travell+2 a man ( consi/5t "* w nev] look at a b\gh1 a root1 or a t5dril )\t reg>d+ x z a melan*oly & unpr9cipl$ compromise0 7,new edition1 p4 #aec74 ,hav+ call$ att5tion to ?is view1 & comm5d$ x to ! consid]ation ( my read]s1 ,i proce$ to ano!r :i* %\ld n h be5 left to be t\*$ ^u only 9 a f9al *apt]1 & :i*1 inde$1 seems to require a book to itself--,i ref] to ! orig9 & nature ( ! feel+s1 :i* ^? :o accept volition z hav+ _h a l>ge %>e 9 organic modification mu/ admit to h _h a no less l>ge %>e 9 ! =mation ( volition4 ,volition gr[s out ( ideas1 ideas f feel+s4 ,:at1 !n1 is feel+1 & ! subsequ5t m5tal images or ideas8 ,! image ( a /one =m$ 9 our m9ds is no repres5tation ( ! object :i* has giv5 rise to x4 ,n only1 z has be5 (t5 rem>k$1 is !re no resemblance betwe5 ! p>ticul> ?\ght & ! p>ticul> ?+1 b ?\ghts & ?+s g5]ally are too unlike to be comp>$4 ,an idea ( a /one may be l an idea ( ano!r /one1 or two /ones may be l "o ano!r2 b an idea ( a /one is n l a /one2 x _c be ?r[n at any?+1 x occupies no room 9 space1 has no specific gravity1 & :5 we come to "k m ab\t /ones1 we f9d our ideas conc]n+ !m to be b rude1 epitomis$1 & highly conv5tional r5d]+s ( ! actual facts1 m]e hi]oglyphics1 9 fact1 or1 z x 71 c\nt]s or bank-notes1 :i* s]ve to express & to convey commodities ) :i* !y h no pret5ce ( analogy4 ,inde$ we daily f9d t1 z ! range ( our p]ceptions becomes enl>g$ ei!r by inv5tion ( new appliances or aft] use ( old ones1 we *ange our ideas ?\gh we h no reason to ?9k t ! ?+ ab\t :i* we are ?9k+ has *ang$4 ,9 ! case ( a /one1 = in/ance1 ! rude1 unassi/$1 un$ucat$ s5ses see x z above all ?+s motionless1 :]eas assi/$ & tra9$ ideas conc]n+ x repres5t motion z its mo/ ess5tial *>act]i/ic2 b ! /one has n *ang$4 ,s1 aga91 ! un$ucat$ idea repres5ts x z above all ?+s m9dless1 & is z little able to see m9d 9 connection ) x z x lately 0 to see motion2 x w be no great] *ange ( op9ion ?an we h mo/ ( u und]gone already if we come pres5tly to see x z no less full ( elem5t>y m9d ?an ( elem5t>y motion1 b ! /one w n h *ang$4 ,! fact t we modify our op9ions sugge/s t our ideas are =m$ n s mu* 9 involunt>y self-adju/+ mimetic correspond5ce ) ! objects t we believe to give rise to !m1 z by :at 0 9 ! outset volunt>y1 conv5tional arrangem5t 9 :atev] way we f\nd conv5i5t1 ( s5sation & p]ception-symbols1 :i* _h no?+ :atev] to d ) ! objects1 & 7 simply caught hold ( z ! only ?+s we c\ld grasp4 ,x w\ld seem z if1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 we mu/ h arbitr>ily atta*$ "s "o ( ! few & vague s5sations :i* we c\ld alone at fir/ comm&1 to c]ta9 motions ( outside ?+s z e*o$ by our bra91 & us$ !m to ?9k & feel ! ?+s )1 s z to docket !m1 & recognise !m ) great] =ce1 c]ta9ty1 & cle>ness--mu* z we use words to help u to docket & grasp our feel+s & ?\ghts1 or writt5 *>act]s to help u to docket & grasp our words4 ,if ?is view be tak5 we /& 9 mu* ! same attitude t[>ds our feel+s z a dog may be suppos$ to d t[>ds our own read+ & writ+4 ,! dog may be suppos$ to m>vel at ! wond]ful in/9ctive faculty by :i* we c tell ! price ( ! diff]5t railway /ocks m]ely by look+ at a %eet ( pap]2 he supposes ?is p[] to be a "p ( our nature1 to h come ( itself by luck & n by cunn+1 b a little reflection w %[ t feel+ is n m likely to h 8come by nature0 ?an read+ & writ+ are4 ,feel+ is 9 all probability ! result ( ! same k9d ( sl[ labori\s developm5t z t :i* has att5d$ our m rec5t arts & our bodily organs2 its developm5t mu/ be suppos$ to h foll[$ ! same l9es z t ( our o!r arts1 & inde$ ( ! body itself1 :i* is ! ars artium--= gr[? ( m9d is ?r\gh\t co9cid5t ) gr[? ( organic res\rces1 & organic res\rces gr[ ) gr[+ m9d4 ,feel+ is ! art ! possession ( :i* diff]5tiates ! civilis$ organic _w f t ( brute inorganic matt]1 b /ill x is an art2 x is ! outcome ( a m9d t is common bo? to organic & inorganic1 & :i* ! organic has alone cultivat$4 ,x is n a "p ( m9d itself2 x is no m ?is ?an language & writ+ are p>ts ( ?\ght4 ,! organic _w c alone feel1 j z man c alone speak2 b z spee* is only ! developm5t ( p[]s ! g]ms ( :i* are possess$ by ! l[] animals1 s feel+ is only a sign ( ! employm5t & developm5t ( p[]s ! g]ms ( :i* exi/ 9 inorganic sub/ances4 ,x has all ! *>act]i/ics ( an art1 & ?\gh x mu/ probably rank z ! olde/ ( ^? arts t are peculi> to ! organic _w1 x is "o :i* is /ill 9 process ( developm5t4 ,none ( u1 inde$1 c feel well on m ?an a v few subjects1 & _m c h>dly feel at all4 ,b1 h[ev] ?is may be1 our s5sations & p]ceptions ( mat]ial ph5om5a are att5dant on ! excitation ( c]ta9 motions 9 ! ant]ior p>ts ( ! bra94 ,:5ev] c]ta9 motions are excit$ 9 ?is sub/ance1 c]ta9 s5sations & ideas ( resi/ance1 ext5sion1 c41 are ei!r concomitant1 or ensue )9 a p]iod too brief = our cognisance4 ,x is ^! s5sations & ideas t we directly cognise1 & x is to !m t we h atta*$ ! idea ( ! p>ticul> k9d ( matt] we happ5 to be ?9k+ (4 ,z ?is idea is n l ! ?+ itself1 s nei!r is x l ! motions 9 our bra9 on :i* x is att5dant4 ,x is no m l ^! ?an1 say1 a /one is l ! individual *>act]s1 writt5 or spok51 t =m ! ^w 8/one10 or ?an ^! la/ are1 9 s\nd1 l ! ^w 8/one0 itself1 :]eby ! idea ( a /one is s imm$iately & vividly pres5t$ to u4 ,true1 ?is does n involve t our idea %all n resemble ! object t gave rise to x1 any m ?an ! fact t a look+-glass be>s no resemblance to ! ?+s reflect$ 9 x involves t ! reflection %all n resemble ! ?+s reflect$2 ! %ift+ nature1 h[ev]1 ( our ideas & conceptions is en\gh to %[ t !y mu/ be symbolical1 & condition$ by *anges go+ on )9 ourselves z mu* z by ^? outside u2 & if1 go+ beh9d ! ideas :i* suffice = daily use1 we ext5d our inquiries 9 ! direction ( ! reality und]ly+ our conception1 we f9d reason to ?9k t ! bra9-motions :i* att5d our conception correspond ) excit+ motions 9 ! object t occasions x1 & t ^!1 r ?an any?+ resembl+ our conception itself1 %\ld be reg>d$ z ! reality4 ,?is leads to a ?ird matt]1 on :i* ,i c only t\* ) extreme brevity4 ,diff]5t modes ( motion h long be5 kn[n z ! causes ( our diff]5t col\r p]ceptions1 or at any rate z associat$ !re)1 & ( late ye>s1 m especially s9ce ! promulgation ( ,newl&s' #bfj;a law1 x has be5 p]ceiv$ t :at we call ! k9ds or prop]ties ( matt] are n less condition$ by motion ?an col\r is4 ,! sub/ance or ess5ce ( uncondition$ matt]1 z ap>t f ! relations betwe5 its v>i\s /ates 7:i* we believe to be its v>i\s conditions ( motion7 mu/ rema9 = ev] unkn[n to u1 = x is only ! relations betwe5 ! conditions ( ! und]ly+ sub/ance t we cognise at all1 & :]e !re are no conditions1 !re is no?+ = u to seize1 comp>e1 &1 h5ce1 cognise2 uncondition$ matt] mu/1 !re=e1 be z inconceivable by u z unmatt]$ condition2 #bfa;a b ?\gh we c "k no?+ ab\t matt] z ap>t f its conditions or /ates1 op9ion has be5 = "s "t t5d+ t[>ds ! belief t :at we call ! diff]5t /ates1 or k9ds1 ( matt] are only our ways ( m5tally *>act]is+ & docket+ our e/imates ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( motion go+ on 9 ?is o!rwise uncognisable sub/ratum4 ,our conception1 !n1 conc]n+ ! nature ( any matt] dep5ds solely ^u its k9d & degree ( unre/1 t is to say1 on ! *>act]i/ics ( ! vibrations t are go+ on )9 x4 ,! ext]ior object vibrat+ 9 a c]ta9 way imp>ts "s ( its vibrations to our bra9--b if ! /ate ( ! ?+ itself dep5ds ^u its vibrations1 x mu/ be consid]$ z to all int5ts & purposes ! vibrations !mselves--plus1 ( c\rse1 ! und]ly+ sub/ance t is vibrat+4 ,if1 = example1 a pat ( butt] is a portion ( ! unkn[able und]ly+ sub/ance 9 su*-&-su* a /ate ( molecul> di/urbance1 & x is only by alt]ation ( ! di/urbance t ! sub/ance c be alt]$--! di/urbance ( ! sub/ance is practically equival5t to ! sub/ance3 a pat ( butt] is su*-&-su* a di/urbance ( ! unkn[able und]ly+ sub/ance1 & su*-&-su* a di/urbance ( ! und]ly+ sub/ance is a pat ( butt]4 ,9 communicat+ its vibrations1 !re=e1 to our bra9 a sub/ance does actually communicate :at is1 z f> z we are conc]n$1 a portion ( itself4 ,our p]ception ( a ?+ & its att5dant feel+ are symbols atta*+ to an introduction )9 our bra9 ( a feeble /ate ( ! ?+ itself4 ,our recollection ( x is occasion$ by a feeble cont9uance ( ?is feeble /ate 9 our bra9s1 becom+ less feeble ?r\gh ! accession ( fre% b simil> vibrations f )\t4 ,! molecul> vibrations :i* make ! ?+ an idea ( :i* is convey$ to our m9ds1 put )9 our bra9 a little feeble emanation f ! ?+ itself--if we come )9 _! rea*4 ,?is be+ once put !re1 w rema9 z x 7 du/1 till du/$ out1 or till x decay1 or till x receive accession ( new vibrations4 ,! vibrations f a pat ( butt] d1 !n1 actually put butt] into a man's head4 ,?is is "o ( ! commone/ ( expressions1 & w\ld h>dly be s common if x 7 n felt to h "s f\ndation 9 fact4 ,at fir/ ! man does n "k :at feel+ or complex ( feel+s to employ s z to docket ! vibrations1 any m ?an he kn[s :at ^w to employ s z to docket ! feel+s1 or ) :at writt5 *>act]s to docket 8 ^w2 b he gets ov] ?is1 & h5ce=w>d ! vibrations ( ! ext]ior object 7t is to say1 ! ?+7 nev] set up _! *>act]i/ic di/urbances1 or1 9 o!r words1 nev] come into 8 head1 )\t ! associat$ feel+ pres5t+ itself z readily z ^w & *>act]s pres5t !mselves1 on ! pres5ce ( ! feel+4 ,! m butt] a man sees & h&les1 ! m he gets butt] on ! bra9--till1 ?\gh he c nev] get any?+ l en\gh to be /rictly call$ butt]1 x only requires ! slighte/ molecul> di/urbance ) *>act]i/ics l ^? ( butt] to br+ up a vivid & highly sympa!tic idea ( butt] 9 ! man's m9d4 ,if ?is view is adopt$1 our memory ( a ?+ is our ret5tion )9 ! bra9 ( a small leav5 ( ! actual ?+ itself1 or ( :at qu u is ! ?+ t is rememb]$1 & ! ease ) :i* habitual actions come to be p]=m$ is due to ! p[] ( ! vibrations hav+ be5 increas$ & modifi$ by cont9ual accession f )\t till !y modify ! molecul> di/urbances ( ! n]v\s sy/em1 & !re=e its mat]ial sub/ance1 :i* we h already settl$ to be only our way ( docket+ molecul> di/urbances4 ,! same vibrations1 !re=e1 =m ! sub/ance rememb]$1 introduce an inf9itesimal dose ( x )9 ! bra91 modify ! sub/ance rememb]+1 &1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 create & fur!r modify ! me*anism ( bo? ! s5sory & motor n]ves4 ,?\ght & ?+ are "o4 ,i comm5d ^! two la/ speculations to ! read]'s *>itable consid]ation1 z feel+ t ,i am "h travell+ beyond ! gr\nd on :i* ,i c safely v5ture2 nev]!less1 z x may be "s "t be=e ,i h ano!r opportunity ( com+ be=e ! public1 ,i h ?\ght x1 on ! :ole1 bett] n to omit !m1 b to give !m ?us provisionally4 ,i believe !y are bo? sub/antially true1 b am by no means sure t ,i h express$ !m ei!r cle>ly or accurately2 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 fur!r delay ! issue ( my book4 ,return+ to ! po9t rais$ 9 my title1 is luck1 ,i w\ld ask1 or cunn+1 ! m fitt+ matt] to be insi/$ ^u 9 connection ) organic modification8 ,d animals & plants gr[ into con=mity ) _! surr\nd+s because !y & _! fa!rs & mo!rs take pa9s1 or because _! uncles & aunts g away8 ,= ! survival ( ! fitte/ is only ! non-survival or go+ away ( ! unfitte/--9 ^: direct l9e ! race is n cont9u$1 & :o are !re=e only uncles & aunts ( ! survivors4 ,i c q und]/& its be+ a good ?+ = any race t its uncles & aunts %\ld g away1 b ,i d n believe ! accumulation ( lucky accid5ts c\ld result 9 an eye1 no matt] h[ _m uncles & aunts may h gone away dur+ h[ _m g5]ations4 ,i w\ld ask ! read] to be> 9 m9d ! views conc]n+ life & dea? express$ 9 an e>ly *apt]4 ,!y seem to me n1 inde$1 to take away any v consid]able "p ( ! /+ f dea?2 ?is %\ld n be attempt$ or desir$1 = ) ! /+ ( dea? ! sweets ( life are insep>ably b\nd up s t nei!r c be weak5$ )\t damag+ ! o!r4 ,weak5 ! fe> ( dea?1 & ! love ( life w\ld be weak5$4 ,/r5g!n x1 & we %\ld cl+ to life ev5 m t5aci\sly ?an we d4 ,b ?\gh dea? mu/ always rema9 z a %ock & *ange ( habits f :i* we mu/ naturally %r9k--/ill x is n ! utt] end ( our be+1 :i*1 until lately1 x mu/ h seem$ to ^? :o h be5 unable to accept ! gross] view ( ! resurrection ) :i* we 7 famili>is$ 9 *ildhood4 ,we too n[ "k t ?\gh worms de/roy ?is body1 yet 9 our fle% %all we s f> see ,god z to be /ill 9 ,him & ( ,him--bid+ our "t = a resurrection 9 a new & m glori\s body2 &1 moreov]1 t we %all be to ! full z consci\s ( ?is z we are at pres5t ( mu* t conc]ns u z closely z any?+ c conc]n u4 ,! ?read ( life _c be %orn betwe5 successive g5]ations1 except ^u gr\nds :i* w 9 equity involve its be+ %orn betwe5 consecutive seconds1 & fractions ( seconds4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x _c be left un%orn betwe5 consecutive seconds )\t necessitat+ t x %\ld be left un%orn also beyond ! grave1 z well z 9 successive g5]ations4 ,dea? is z sali5t a feature 9 :at we call our life z bir? 01 b x is no m ?an ?is4 ,z a sali5t feature1 x is a conv5i5t epo* = ! draw+ ( a def9+ l9e1 by ! help ( :i* we may bett] grasp ! conception ( life1 & ?9k x m effectually1 b x is a faon de p>l] only2 x is1 z ,i said 9 8,life & ,habit10 #bfd;a 8! mo/ inexorable ( all conv5tions10 b our idea ( x has no correspond5ce ) et]nal und]ly+ realities4 ,f9ally1 we mu/ h evolution2 cons5t is too spontane\s1 in/9ctive1 & univ]sal among ^? mo/ able to =m an op9ion1 to admit ( fur!r d\bt ab\t ?is4 ,we mu/ also h m9d & design4 ,! attempt to elim9ate intellig5ce f among ! ma9 ag5cies ( ! univ]se has brok5 d[n too signally to be aga9 v5tur$ ^u--n until ! rec5t r\t has be5 =gott54 ,nev]!less ! old1 f>-=esee+ ,deus ex ma*9 design z f a po9t outside ! univ]se1 :i* inde$ x directs1 b ( :i* x is no "p1 is negativ$ by ! facts ( organism4 ,:at1 !n1 rema9s1 b ! view t ,i h aga9 9 ?is book endeav\r$ to uphold--,i mean1 ! supposition t ! m9d or cunn+ ( :i* we see su* abundant evid5ce all r\nd u1 is1 l ! k+dom ( heav51 )9 u1 & )9 all ?+s at all times ev]y:]e8 ,!re is design1 or cunn+1 b x is a cunn+ n despotically fa%ion+ u f )\t z a pott] fa%ions 8 clay1 b inh]+ democratically )9 ! body :i* is its highe/ outcome1 z life inh]es )9 an animal or plant4 ,all animals & plants are corporations1 or =ms ( democracy1 & may be /udi$ by ! light ( ^!1 z democracies1 n infrequ5tly1 by t ( animals & plants4 ,! solution ( ! difficult problem ( reflex action1 = example1 is ?us facilitat$1 by suppos+ x to be dep>tm5tal 9 "*2 t is to say1 by suppos+ x to be action ( :i* ! dep>tm5t t att5ds to x is alone cognisant1 & :i* is n ref]r$ to ! c5tral gov]nm5t s long z ?+s g normally4 ,z long1 !re=e1 z ?is is ! case1 ! c5tral gov]nm5t is unconsci\s ( :at is go+ on1 b its be+ ?us unconsci\s is no argum5t t ! dep>tm5t is unconsci\s also4 ,i "k t contradiction 9 t]ms lurks )9 mu* t ,i h said1 b ! texture ( ! _w is a w>p & wo( ( contradiction 9 t]ms2 ( cont9uity 9 discont9uity1 & discont9uity 9 cont9uity2 ( unity 9 div]sity1 & ( div]sity 9 unity4 ,z 9 ! developm5t ( a fugue1 :]e1 :5 ! subject & c\nt] subject h be5 en\nc$1 !re mu/ h5ce=? be no?+ new1 & yet all mu/ be new1 s ?r\gh\t organic life--:i* is z a fugue develop$ to great l5g? f a v simple subject--ev]y?+ is l9k$ on to & gr[s out ( t :i* comes next to x 9 ord]--errors & omissions except$4 ,x crosses & ?w>ts :at comes next to x ) diff]5ce t involves resemblance1 & resemblance t involves diff]5ce1 & !re is no juxtaposition ( ?+s t diff] too widely by omission ( necess>y l9ks1 or too sudd5 dep>ture f recognis$ me?ods ( proc$ure4 ,to conclude2 bodily =m may be almo/ reg>d$ z idea & memory 9 a solidifi$ /ate--z an accumulation ( ?+s ea* "o ( !m s t5u\s z to be practically )\t mat]ial sub/ance4 ,x is z a million p\nds =m$ by accumulat$ million?s ( f>?+s2 m comp5di\sly x arises normally f1 & ?r\gh1 action4 ,action arises normally f1 & ?r\gh1 op9ion4 ,op9ion1 f1 & ?r\gh1 hypo!sis4 8,hypo!sis10 z ! d]ivation ( ! ^w itself %[s1 is s+ul>ly ne> ak9 to 8und]ly+1 & only 9 "p kn[able1 sub/ratum20 & :at is ?is b 8,god0 translat$ f ! language ( ,moses into t ( ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]8 ,! conception ( ,god is l nature--x returns to u 9 ano!r %ape1 no matt] h[ (t5 we may expel x4 ,vulg>is$ z x has be5 by ,mi*ael ,angelo1 ,raffaelle1 & o!rs :o %all be nameless1 x has be5 l e o!r corruptio optimi--pessimum3 us$ z a hi]oglyph by ! help ( :i* we may bett] ackn[l$ge ! height & dep? ( our own ignorance1 & at ! same "t express our s5se t !re is an unse5 _w ) :i* we 9 "s my/]i\s way come into contact1 ?\gh ! writs ( our ?\ghts d n run )9 x--us$ 9 ?is way1 ! idea & ! ^w h be5 f\nd endur+ly conv5i5t4 ,! !ory t luck is ! ma9 means ( organic modification is ! mo/ absolute d5ial ( ,god :i* x is possible = ! human m9d to conceive--:ile ! view t ,god is 9 all ,8 creatures1 ,he 9 !m & !y 9 ,him1 is only express$ 9 o!r words by decl>+ t ! ma9 means ( organic modification is1 n luck1 b cunn+4 ,footnotes #ag;a 8,nature10 ,nov4 #ab1 #ahhe4 #bj;a 8,hi/4 ,nat4 ,gn410 tom4 ii4 p4 #daa1 #ahei4 #bc;a 8,selections1 c40 ,trbn] ,co41 #ahhd4 ,out ( pr9t4 #bi;a 8,selections1 c41 & ,rem>ks on ,romanes' #8,m5tal ,intellig5ce 9 ,animals1'0 ,trbn] ,co41 #ahhd4 pp4 #bbh1 #bbi4 ,out ( pr9t4 #ce;a ,quot$ by ,m4 ,vianna ,de ,lima 9 8 8,expos ,sommaire10 c41 p4 #f4 ,p>is1 ,delagrave1 #ahhf4 #dj;a ,i h giv5 ! passage 9 full on p4 #bed;a ( my 8,selections10 c4 ,n[ out ( pr9t4 ,i obs]ve t ,canon ,k+sley felt exactly ! same difficulty t ,i _h felt myself1 & saw also h[ alone x c\ld be met4 ,he makes ! wood-wr5 say1 8,some?+ told him 8 "m _h done x be=e him1 & he 0 fle% ( h] fle%1 life ( h] life1 & _h inh]it$ h] in/9ct 7z we call h]$it>y memory1 to avoid ! tr\ble ( f9d+ out :at x is & h[ x comes740--,fras]1 ,june1 #ahfg4 ,canon ,k+sley felt he mu/ insi/ on ! cont9u$ p]sonality ( ! two g5]ations be=e he c\ld talk ab\t inh]it$ memory4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ?\gh he does inde$ speak ( ?is z almo/ a synonym = in/9ct1 he seems n to h realis$ h[ "r he 01 & implies t we %\ld f9d "s full] & m satisfactory explanation beh9d ?is1 only t we are too lazy to look = x4 #dd;a #bf ,sept41 #ahgg4 8,unconsci\s ,memory40 *4 ii4 #eb;a ,?is *apt] is tak5 almo/ entirely f my book1 8,selections1 c44 & ,rem>ks on ,romanes' #8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals4'0 ,trbn]1 #ahhd4 ,n[ out ( pr9t4 #eb;b 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals10 p4 #aac4 ,kegan ,paul1 ,nov41 #ahhc4 #eb;c ,ibid4 p4 #aae4 #eb;d ,ibid4 p4 #aaf4 #ec;a 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals40 p4 #aca4 ,kegan ,paul1 ,nov41 #ahhc4 #ed;a ,vol4 ,i1 #crd ed41 #ahgd1 p4 #ada1 & ,problem ,i4 #ba4 #ed;b 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals10 pp4 #agg1 #agh4 ,nov41 #ahhc4 #ee;a 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals10 p4 #aib4 #ee;b ,ibid4 p4 #aie4 #ee;c ,ibid4 p4 #bif4 ,nov41 #ahhc4 #ef;a 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals10 p4 #cc4 ,nov41 #ahhc4 #ef;b ,ibid41 p4 #aaf4 #ef;c ,ibid41 p4 #agh4 #ei;a 8,evolution ,old & ,new10 pp4 #ceg1 #ceh4 #fj;a 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals10 p4 #aei4 ,kegan ,paul ,co41 #ahhc4 #fa;a 8,zoonomia10 vol4 i4 p4 #dhd4 #fa;b 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals10 p4 #big4 ,kegan ,paul ,co41 #ahhc4 #fa;c ,ibid41 p4 #bja4 ,kegan ,paul ,co41 #ahhc4 #fb;a 8,m5tal ,evolution 9 ,animals10 p4 #cja4 ,novemb]1 #ahhc4 #fb;b 8,orig9 ( ,species10 ed4 i4 p4 #bji4 #fb;c ,ibid41 ed4 vi41 #ahgf4 p4 #bjf4 #fb;d 8,=mation ( ,vegetable ,m\ld10 etc41 p4 #ih4 #fb;e ,quot$ by ,mr4 ,romanes z writt5 9 ! la/ ye> ( ,mr4 ,d>w9's life4 #fc;a ,macmillan1 #ahhc4 #ff;a 8,nature10 ,augu/ #e1 #ahhf4 #fg;a ,london1 ,h4 ,k4 ,lewis1 #ahhf4 #gj;a 8,*>les ,d>w940 ,longmans1 #ahhe4 #gj;b ,lectures at ! ,london ,in/itution1 ,feb41 #ahhf4 #gj;c 8,*>les ,d>w940 ,leipzig4 #ahhe4 #gb;a ,see ,pr(essor ,h]+'s 8,zur ,lehre von d] ,beziehung zwis*5 ,leib und ,seele4 ,mit!ilung b] ,fe*n]'s psy*ophysis*es ,gesetz40 #gc;a ,quot$ by ,m4 ,vianna ,de ,lima 9 8 8,expos ,sommaire des ,?ories ,trans=mi/es de ,lam>ck1 ,d>w91 et ,hckel40 ,p>is1 #ahhf1 p4 #bc4 #ha;a 8,orig9 ( ,species10 ed4 i41 p4 #f2 see also p4 #dc4 #hc;a 8,i ?9k x c be %[n t !re is su* a p[] at "w 9 #8,natural ,selection' 7! title ( my book740--8,proce$+s ( ! ,l9nean ,society = #aheh10 vol4 iii41 p4 #ea4 #hf;a 8,on ,naval ,timb] & ,arboriculture10 #ahca1 pp4 #chd1 #che4 ,see also 8,evolution ,old & ,new10 pp4 #cbj1 #cba4 #hg;a 8,orig9 ( ,species10 p4 #di1 ed4 vi4 #ib;a 8,orig9 ( ,species10 ed4 i41 pp4 #ahh1 #ahi4 #ic;a ,page #i4 #id;a ,page #bbf4 #if;a 8,j\rnal ( ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,l9nean ,society40 ,williams & ,norgate1 #aheh1 p4 #fa4 #ajb;a 8,zoonomia10 vol4 i41 p4 #eje4 #ajd;a ,see 8,evolution ,old & ,new40 p4 #abb4 #aje;a 8,phil4 ,zool410 i41 p4 #hj4 #aje;b ,ibid41 i4 #hb4 #aje;c ,ibid4 vol4 i41 p4 #bcg4 #ajg;a ,see conclud+ *apt]4 #abb;a ,report1 #i1 #bf4 #ace;a ,ps4 cii4 #be-bg1 ,bible v]sion4 #acf;a ,ps4 cxxxix41 ,pray]-book v]sion4 #adj;a ,contempor>y ,review1 ,augu/1 #ahhe1 p4 #hd4 #adb;a ,london1 ,david ,bogue1 #ahha1 p4 #fj4 #add;a ,augu/ #ab1 #ahhf4 #aej;a ,p>is1 ,delagrave1 #ahhf4 #aej;b ,page #fj4 #aej;c 8uvre compltes10 tom4 ix4 p4 #dbb4 ,p>is1 ,g>ni] frres1 #ahge4 #aej;d 8,hi/4 ,nat410 tom4 i41 p4 #ac1 #agdi1 quot$ 8,evol4 ,old & ,new10 p4 #ajh4 #aef;a 8,orig9 ( ,species10 ed4 vi41 p4 #ajg4 #aef;b ,ibid41 ed4 vi41 p4 #aff4 #aeg;a 8,orig9 ( ,species10 ed4 vi41 p4 #bcc4 #aeg;b ,ibid4 #aeg;c ,ibid41 ed4 vi41 p4 #aji4 #aeg;d ,ibid41 ed4 vi41 p4 #dja4 #aeh;a 8,orig9 ( ,species10 ed4 i41 p4 #dij4 #afa;a 8,orig9 ( ,species10 ed4 vi41 #ahgf1 p4 #aga4 #afc;a 8,*>les ,d>w910 p4 #aac4 #afd;a 8,animals & ,plants "u ,dome/ication10 vol4 ii41 p4 #cfg1 ed4 #ahge4 #afh;a ,page #c4 #afh;b ,page #d4 #afi;a ,x %\ld be rememb]$ ?is 0 ! ye> 9 :i* ! 8,ve/iges ( ,creation0 appe>$4 #agc;a 8,*>les ,d>w910 p4 #fg4 #agc;b ,h4 ,s4 ,k+ ,co41 #ahgf4 #agd;a ,page #ag4 #aie;a 8,phil4 ,zool410 tom4 i41 pp4 #cd1 #ce4 #bjb;a 8,orig9 ( ,species10 p4 #cha1 ed4 i4 #bjc;a ,page #ded1 ed4 i4 #bje;a 8,pr9ciples ( ,geology10 vol4 ii41 *ap4 xxxiv41 ed4 #ahgb4 #bjf;a 8,natrli*e ,s*pfungsges*i*te10 p4 #c4 ,b]l91 #ahfh4 #bji;a ,see 8,evolution ,old & ,new10 pp4 #h1 #i4 #baf;a 8,ve/iges10 c41 ed4 #ahfj2 ,pro(s1 ,illu/rations1 c41 p4 xiv4 #baf;b ,exam9]1 ,may #ag1 #ahgi1 review ( 8,evolution ,old & ,new40 #bah;a ,giv5 9 "p 9 8,evolution ,old & ,new40 #bai;a 8,m9d10 p4 #dih1 ,oct41 #ahhc4 #bbd;a 8,deg5]ation10 #ahhj1 p4 #aj4 #bbg;a ,e4g4 ! ,rev4 ,george ,h5sl[1 9 8,mod]n ,?\ght10 vol4 ii41 ,no4 #e1 #ahha4 #bcb;a 8,nature10 ,aug4 #f1 #ahhf4 #bcd;a ,see ,mr4 ,d>w9's 8,animals & ,plants "u ,dome/ication10 vol4 i41 p4 #dff1 c41 ed4 #ahge4 #bce;a ,p>is1 #ahgc1 ,introd41 p4 vi4 #bce;b 8,hi/4 ,nat4 ,g5410 ii4 #djd1 #ahei4 #bci;a ,z ^! pages are on ! po9t ( go+ to press1 ,i see t ! writ] ( an article on ,liszt 9 ! 8,a!num0 makes ! same em5dation on ,%akespe>e's words t ,i h done4 #bdj;a 8,voyages ( ! ,adv5ture & ,beagle10 vol4 iii41 p4 #cgc4 ,london1 #ahci4 #bdb;a ,see ,pr(essor ,paley1 8,fras]10 ,jan41 #ahhb1 8,sci5ce ,gossip10 ,nos4 #afb1 #afc1 ,june & ,july1 #ahgh1 & 8,nature10 ,jan4 #c1 ,jan4 #aj1 ,feb4 #bh1 & ,m>* #bg1 #ahhd4 #bde;a 8,=mation ( ,vegetable ,m\ld10 etc41 p4 #bag4 ,murray1 #ahhb4 #bdh;a 8,=tnightly ,review10 ,jan41 #ahhf4 #bec;a 8,on ! ,gr[? ( ,trees & ,protoplasmic ,cont9uity40 ,london1 ,/an=d1 #ahhf4 #bfj;a ,sometimes call$ ,m5delejeff's 7see 8,mon?ly ,j\rnal ( ,sci5ce10 ,april1 #ahhd74 #bfa;a ,i am aw>e t attempts h be5 made to say t we c conceive a condition ( matt]1 al?\gh !re is no matt] 9 connection ) x--z1 = example1 t we c h motion )\t any?+ mov+ 7see 8,nature10 ,m>* #e1 ,m>* #ab1 & ,april #i1 #ahhe7--;b ,i ?9k x little likely t ?is op9ion w meet g5]al approbation4 #bfd;a ,page #ec4