,,! ,,m5tor #aiah4jh4ja1 ,no4 #afj1     
,photography                            
,,le>n ,,"o ,,?+                        
,,e ,,day                       ,,augu/ 
#a #aiah      ,,s]ial ,,no4 #afj        
,,!                                     
,,m5tor                                 
,,photography                           
,by                             ,,paul  
,l4 ,,&]son                             
,,dep>tm5t ,,(           ,,volume #f    
,,f9e ,,arts              ,,numb] #ab   
,,tw5ty ,,c5ts ,a ,,copy          ,a    
,voice ,f ,f> ,ca?ay      ,de>          
,m5tor3--,"o ( my mo/ respect$ college  
pr(essors advis$ 8  classes to review _!
 sev]al gr\ps ( /udies e sev5 ye>s1  & 9
 ! broad1 ,i agree ) ! advice4 ,x is j  
?is review t  ,! ,m5tor gives "s ( u4 ,!
 ,m5tor is n le>n$4 ,x furni%es  a mo/  
readable review1 ) pi?y editorials &    
discrim9atively  select$ pictures4 ,x c 
be appreciat$ by ! man :o has nev] be5  
outside ! t[n ( 8 bir?1 & x c be enjoy$ 
by ! p]son :o  has conv]t$ /amp$ gold   

into ! legal t5d] :i* lets "o into  !   
city1 or gall]y1 or p>k1 or museum1 or  
obs]vatory describ$2 &  x c be read )   
pr(it by ! "o :o is int]pret+ life 9 !  
class room4    ,i usually read x by bits
 betwe5 c\rses at ! d9n] table1 & x  (t5
 has tak5 ! place ( ano!r seat4 ,x has  
?is advantage3 x  nev] talks %op1 save 9
 an ent]ta9+ way4    ,! pictures make   
good mat]ial = 8id5tification0 or       
8in=mation  te/s40 ,a selection ( tw5ty 
makes good mat]ial = "o 8/unt0 ( an     
ev5+ = a small gr\p ( gue/s4    ,b ,i l 
!m be/ = use 9 a bullet9 bo>d 9 my class
 room4  ,) titles or brief notes        
translat$ into ,*9ese1 !y attract !     
/ud5ts ar\nd ! bo>d betwe5 classes4 ,x  
is an easy matt] to h  a s]ies ( fifte5 
or tw5ty gr\ps ?r\gh ! ye>1 t are (     
int]e/ to "o's /ud5ts1 & give real      
in=mation & /imulus4    ,?is lett] is n 
design$ to lead y to believe t !        
publication  takes its place ) !        
ess5tial possessions ( ! ,am]ican       
mission>y 9 ! ,ori5t--! ,bible1         

,montgom]y ,w>d catalog1 &  t5nis       
racquet--b x is writt5 t y may "k t x   
helps "o  to keep 8fit40    ,9          
appreciation1 y\rs1    ,,daniel ,s4     
,,dye    ,we/ ,*9a ,union ,univ]sity    
,*5gtu1 ,we/ ,*9a           99       99 
99       99       99    ,,! ,,m5tor     
,,association    ,,e/abli%$ ,,= ,,!     
,,developm5t ,,( ,a ,,popul> ,,int]e/   
,,9 ,,art1  ,,lit]ature1 ,,sci5ce1      
,,hi/ory1 ,,nature1 ,,& ,,travel    ,,! 
,,m5tor ,,is ,,publi%$ ,,twice ,a ,,mon?
    ,,by ,,! ,,m5tor ,,association1     
,,inc41 ,,at #aad-aaf ,,ea/ #af,,?      
,,/reet1 ,,new  ,,york1 ,n4 ,y4         
,,subscription1 ,,f\r ,,doll>s ,a ,,ye>4
 ,,=eign ,,po/age #ge  ,,c5ts ,,extra4  
,,canadian ,,po/age #ej ,,c5ts ,,extra4 
,,s+le ,,copies ,,tw5ty  ,,c5ts4        
,,presid5t1 ,,?omas ,h4 ,,beck2         
,,vice-,,presid5t1 ,,walt] ,p4 ,,t5     
,,eyck2  ,,secret>y1 ,w4 ,d4 ,,m(fat2   
,,treasur]1 ,j4 ,s4 ,,campbell2         
,,assi/ant ,,treasur]  ,,& ,,assi/ant   
,,secret>y1 ,h4 ,a4 ,,cr[e4             

,,augu/ #a/1 #aiah4      ,,volume #f4   
,,numb] #ab4    ,ent]$ z second-class   
matt]1 ,m>* #aj1 #aiah1 at ! po/(fice at
  ,new ,york4 ,n4,y41 "u ! act ( ,m>*   
#c1 #ahgi4 ,copyright1 #aiah1 by ,!     
,m5tor ,association1 ,inc4              
,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,paul ,l4 ,,&]son   
,,photograph ,,f ,a ,,dagu]reotype      
,,photography    ,a ,dagu]reotype       
,,"o      ,l\is ,jacques ,m&e ,dagu]re  
7born #aghi1 di$ #ahea71 0 a great ,fr5*
  sc5e-pa9t] :o exp]im5t$ = _m ye>s try+
 to f9d "s way  ( r5d]+ p]man5t ! image 
project$ by a l5s4 ,j4 ,nicphore  ,nipce
 0 engag$ 9 ! same rese>*1 & f #ahbi    
until ! dea?  ( ,nipce 9 #ahcc ! two    
work$ toge!r1 b x 0 n until "s  ye>s    
aft] ! latt] date t ,dagu]re discov]$ ! 
process t  be>s 8 "n4 ,?is process may  
be briefly describ$ z foll[s3 a  highly 
poli%$ & p]fectly clean silv] plate is  
r5d]$ s5sitive  to light by ! =mation ( 
a deposit ( silv] iodide on !  surface1 
?is be+ accompli%$ by expos+ ! plate--( 
c\rse 9  ! d>k--= "s m9utes to ! vapor (

 iod9e4 ,:5 ! plate has  assum$ a uni=m 
gold5-br[n color x is plac$ 9 ! cam]a & 
!  exposure is made1 ! light project$ by
 ! l5s caus+ a *emical  *ange to take   
place 9 ! silv] iodide4 ,! image ?us    
obta9$  is v weak1 & 9 ord] to /r5g!n x 
! plate is expos$ =  "s m9utes to !     
vapor ( m]cury4 ,x is subsequ5tly fix$1 
or  r5d]$ p]man5t1 by ba?+ ) a solution 
( sodium ?iosulphate  7ord9>ily kn[n to 
photograph]s z 8hypo074 ,?is dissolves !
  silv] comp\nds t 7 n affect$ by light4
 ,9 "s cases !  picture is /ill fur!r   
/r5g!n$ by treat+ x ) *loride (  gold4  
,?is n only increases ! vigor ( ! image 
b at ! same  "t improves its /ability1 s
 t x is less likely to fade z !  result 
( atmosph]ic action or exposure to      
light4 ,! effect ( !  *loride ( gold is 
lit]ally to gold-plate ! image4 ,z !    
surface  ( ! complet$ dagu]reotype is v 
s5sitive to any me*anical  action1 x mu/
 be protect$ by glass4 ,a m]e t\* ( !   
f+]  leaves an irrem$iable scrat*4    ,!
 dagu]reotype 0 at "o "t v popul> =     

portraiture1 b  ! process has c]ta9     
drawbacks t h caus$ x to be sup]s$$  by 
improv$ me?ods4 ,among ^! drawbacks are 
! foll[+3  ,! exposures requir$ are r   
long2 x is impossible to make           
duplicates--a sep>ate exposure mu/ be   
made = ea* picture2 !  picture mu/ be   
held at a c]ta9 angle to make x visible1
 & !  process is r exp5sive & labori\s  
to "w4 ,nev]!less1  exquisite effects   
may be obta9$ 9 dagu]reotype2 ! writ]   
has  se5 pictures ( ?is k9d :i* = %e]   
beauty yield to none ( !  mod]n pr9t+   
m$iums4    ,! decad5ce ( ! dagu]reotype 
is to be regrett$ = at lea/ "o          
reason1--! man :o elect$ to "w 9 t m$ium
 0 necess>ily at  lea/ a craftsman1     
:]eas at ! pres5t "t _m photograph]s are
  nei!r arti/s nor craftsm51 b m]ely    
me*anics ( only fair skill4             
,photography has be5 br\ght to su* a    
/ate ( p]fection t good  te*nical       
results may be obta9$ by p]sons t "w by 
rote & "k  absolutely no?+ ( ! pr9ciples
 und]ly+ ! craft4 ,?is lack (  tra9+ &  

en?usiasm = ! "w mu/ evid5tly be        
reflect$ 9 !  results obta9$4    ,!re   
are few =ms ( portraiture art t equal 9 
beauty *oice  e>ly examples (           
dagu]reotype photography4 ,!y h !       
exquisite  delicacy1 s(tness &          
individual *>m ( ! be/ m9iature         
portraits4 ,good old dagu]reotypes are  
treasur$ possessions 9 !  homes ( _m    
families--& rightly s1 = !y comb9e a f9e
 quality  ( art ) a g5tle p]sonal       
appeal4        ,,writt5 ,,= ,,! ,,m5tor 
,,by ,,paul ,l4 ,,&]son                 
,,illu/ration ,,= ,,! ,,m5tor4 ,,vol4   
#f1 ,no4 #ab1 ,,s]ial ,no4 #afj         
,,copyright1 #aiah1 ,,by ,,! ,,m5tor    
,,association1 ,,inc4                   
,illu/ration3 ,,f ,a ,,pr9t ,,by ,,alv9 
,,langdon ,,coburn    ,,self-,,portrait 
,,photograph--,,by ,d4 ,o4 ,,hill       
,,photography    ,portraits by ,d4 ,o4  
,hill    ,,two      ,david ,octavius    
,hill 7born #ahjb1 di$ #ahgj71 0 a      
,scot* pa9t] :o  conceiv$ ! idea (      
produc+ a great hi/orical picture       

repres5t+  ! ,disruption ( ! ,*ur* (    
,scotl&4 ,?is "w involv$ pa9t+  "s f\r  
or five hundr$ portraits1 & ,hill1      
despair+ ( obta9+  satisfactory sitt+s f
 s _m p]sons1 turn$ to ! newly  discov]$
 art ( photography to furni% ! portraits
 he ne$$1 )  ! idea ( us+ ! photographs 
z a guide 9 pa9t+4 ,hill us$  ! calotype
 process1 inv5t$ by ,fox ,talbot1 :i*   
r5d]$ a piece  ( pap] s5sitive to light 
by coat+ x ) iodide ( silv]4 ,:5  x 0   
expos$ 9 ! cam]a & develop$1 a negative 
result$1 &  positive pr9ts 7 made f ?is 
negative 9 ! same m$ium4    ,hill became
 s mu* int]e/$ 9 photography t he work$ 
)  x = sev]al ye>s1 to ! neglect ( 8    
pa9t+4 ,dur+ ^?  ye>s he produc$        
photographic portraits :i* h c]ta9ly    
nev]  be5 surpass$1 & :i* "s p ?9k h    
nev] be5 equall$4  ,! exposures necess>y
 7 v long--f\r or five m9utes 9  bright 
sunlight4 ,?is fact l5ds a great deal ( 
beauty to !  results1 = !re is no d\bt t
 full sunlight gives effects t  _c be   
obta9$ 9 any o!r way1 & ^! may be (     

surpass+  beauty1 provid$ ! photograph] 
is skilful en\gh to manage 8  app>atus &
 pose ! sitt] prop]ly4 ,x is regrettable
 t s _m  photograph]s ( ! pres5t day %un
 out-door portraiture1 = !re  is        
unque/ionably a great opportunity 9 t   
class ( "w4 ,! claim  ( "s photograph]s 
t out-door light is n satisfactory =    
portraiture is refut$ by ,hill's        
results4    ,hill 0 n a great pa9t]4 ,8 
works 9 t m$ium are well-nigh  =gott51 b
 he 0 unque/ionably a man ( great       
s5sitiv5ess1 :o  possess$ ! quality (   
psy*ic insight s necess>y to a portrait 
work]4 ,x is ! e/imate ( an au?ority t1 
?\gh he c\ld nev]  be comp>$ ) ! great  
ma/]s ( portraiture1 ,rembr&t &         
,velasquez1 nev]!less 8 works are       
entitl$ to a place 9 ! second  rank4    
,hill 0 especially =tunate 9 8 sitt]s1 =
 ! m5 & wom5  t he photograph$ 7 p]sons 
:om x w\ld be difficult to  r5d]        
commonplace 9 appe>ance1 among !m be+   
,*ri/oph] ,nor?  7,pr(essor ,john       
,wilson71 ,j4 ,g4 ,lockh>t1 ,lady       

,ru?v51 ,rob]t ,haldane1  ,william      
,h5n+1 ,mrs4 ,anna ,br[nell ,jameson1 & 
o!rs ( equal note  9 ,great ,brita94    
,! pap] negatives made by ,hill are     
c>efully pres]v$4 ,! writ]  is =tunate 9
 ! possession ( pr9ts f two ( ^!        
negatives4  ,! reproduction %[n h]e)1 a 
gum-plat9um plate made & giv5 to  him by
 ,alv9 ,langdon ,coburn1 is f "o ( !m4  
,mu* ( ! beauty (  ?is example ( ,hill's
 "w is due to mod]n pr9t+ me?ods1 b !   
quality 9 ?is negative1 br\ght out 9 !  
pr9t1 proves und5iably  t ,hill m]its   
recognition z a ma/] ( portraiture4     
,,writt5 ,,= ,,! ,,m5tor ,,by ,,paul ,l4
 ,,&]son      ,,illu/ration ,,= ,,!     
,,m5tor4 ,,vol4 #f1 ,no4 #ab1 ,,s]ial   
,no4 #afj      ,,copyright1 #aiah1 ,,by 
,,! ,,m5tor ,,association1 ,,inc4       
,illu/ration3 ,,photograph$ ,,at ,,y]kes
 ,,obs]vatory1 ,,williams ,,bay1        
,,wiscons94 ,,octob] #ai1 #aiaa         
,,brooks' ,,comet--,,a/ronomical        
,,photograph          ,,photography     
,a/ronomical ,photography    ,,?ree     

,photography has made possible _m       
discov]ies ( trem5d\s importance  9 !   
realm ( a/ronomy by reveal+ ! exi/5ce ( 
/>s too  fa9t--because ( _! small size  
or great di/ance--to be se5 by !  eye4  
,?is is "o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s ways 9 :i*
 ! s5sitive  plate has be5 an aid to !  
sci5ti/4 ,a device = c>ry+ a            
photographic plate is atta*$ to a       
telescope & ! plate expos$  to ! image  
project$ by ! telescope = a prolong$    
p]iod4 ,?is  may1 9 fact1 am\nt to      
sev]al h\rs2 exposures are sometimes    
p>tly  complet$ "o night & f9i%$ ! next1
 a comp>atively small  area ( ! heav5s  
be+ *os5 = inve/igation at "o "t4 ,on   
developm5t ( ! plate ! />s are c\nt$ &  
comp>$ )  exi/+ *>ts ( ! area 9 "q4 ,(  
c\rse ?is me?od requires  t ! telescope 
move ) ! same angul> velocity z t (  !  
e>?'s rotation1 s t ! image ( ea* /> may
 rema9 9  precisely ! same position on !
 plate dur+ ! entire "t (  exposure4    
,o!rwise ! /> w\ld be repres5t$ z a     
trail ( light1  ! slighte/ v>iation 9 ! 

spe$ ( rotation be+ suffici5t to  cause 
blurr+ ( ! image4 ,x is app>5t t !      
clockwork employ$  = driv+ ! telescope  
mu/ be a m>vel ( accuracy4    ,! p[] :i*
 ?is me?od possesses ( reveal+ hi!rto   
undiscov]$ />s dep5ds on a curi\s fact4 
,if an obs]v] looks  into ! eye-piece ( 
a telescope he c disc]n only ^? heav5ly 
bodies t s5d to ! e>? a c]ta9 m9imum (  
light2 b :5 a  photographic plate is    
expos$ = long p]iods !re is a cumulative
  effect ( light on ! s5sitive emulsion4
 ,t is1 ! long-cont9u$  impact ( ! light
 rays causes1 little by little1 a       
gradual *ange  9 ! con/itution ( !      
s5sitive silv] salt4 ,! action ?us      
piles up1 s to speak1 & records light t 
is f> bel[ ! visible  m9imum4    ,!     
photographic plate has n only aid$      
discov]ies 9 ! va/  realms ( int]/ell>  
space1 b has also reveal$ to u ?+s s    
exce$+ly m9ute t no o!r me?od (         
obs]vation c\ld br+ !m  )9 ! range ( our
 p]ceptions4        ,,writt5 ,,= ,,!    
,,m5tor ,,by ,,paul ,l4 ,,&]son         

,,illu/ration ,,= ,,! ,,m5tor4 ,,vol4   
#f1 ,no4 #ab1 ,,s]ial ,no4 #afj         
,,copyright1 #aiah1 ,,by ,,! ,,m5tor    
,,association1 ,,inc4                   
,illu/ration3 ,,by ,,paul ,l4 ,,&]son   
,,portrait--,,by ,,! ,,bromoil ,,process
          ,,photography    ,a ,bromoil  
,pr9t    ,,f\r      ,9 ! bromoil        
process1 ! fir/ /ep is to make a bromide
  enl>gem5t4 ,! negative f :i* a pr9t is
 to be made is plac$ 9  an app>atus     
resembl+ ! famili> /]eopticon & an      
enl>g$ image  is project$ on a piece (  
bromide pap]1 or pap] t has be5 coat$  )
 an emulsion simil> to t us$ = plates4  
,aft] ! pap] has  be5 expos$ to ! image 
x is develop$1 fix$ & wa%$1 ! result    
be+ a l>ge positive pr9t ( ! orig9al    
small negative4 ,(t5 ?is  pr9t is all[$ 
to rema9 z x is1 & x is !n kn[n z a     
bromide  enl>gem5t1 or1 simply1 an      
enl>gem5t2 sometimes ! work] conv]ts  x 
into a bromoil4    ,! image 9 an        
enl>gem5t consi/s ( metallic silv] 9 a  
film (  gelat9e1 ! gradations ( !       

picture result+ f ! v>y+  ?icknesses ( !
 silv] image4 ,! fir/ /ep t[>d *ang+ ?is
  to a bromoil is to treat x ) c]ta9    
*emicals t blea* out !  silv] image & at
 ! same "t h>d5 ! gelat9e 9 proportion  
to ! am\nt ( silv] pres5t4 ,! blea*$    
pr9t is !n soak$ 9  w>m wat]1 & !       
high-lights ( ! picture1 :]e ! gelat9e  
is  lea/ h>d5$1 absorb ! wat] freely1 ! 
half-tones less s1 &  ! %ad[s lea/ (    
all4 ,an oily ink1 !n dabb$ on ! pr9t ) 
a  bru%1 adh]es freely 9 ! %ad[s1 less  
freely 9 ! half-tones1  & lea/ ( all 9 !
 lights1 be+ repell$ by ! wat] 9 !      
film4 ,! f9al result is a pr9t 9 :i* !  
image is =m$ by  v>y+ ?ickness ( ink1   
:i*1 ( c\rse1 may be ( any color4    ,! 
advantages ( bromoil ov] bromide are    
num]\s4 ,9 ! fir/  place1 a bromide pr9t
 _c be reg>d$ z absolutely p]man5t1 b  a
 bromoil may be4 ,next1 ! color ( a     
bromide pr9t is limit$ to  black & v>y+ 
%ades ( br[n1 unless *emical ton+ is    
resort$  to1 :i* /ill fur!r r$uces !    
/ability ( ! image4 ,b a  bromoil may be

 ( almo/ any color1 &1 inde$1 ( diff]5t 
colors  9 diff]5t portions ( ! picture4 
,! greate/ advantage ( !  bromoil       
process1 h[ev]1 lies 9 ! fact t z mu* or
 z little  ink z may be desir$ c be put 
on any giv5 area4 ,by v>y+ !  consi/5cy 
( ! ink x c be made to adh]e m or less  
freely4  ,by modify+ ! bru% action x c  
be plac$ on ! pr9t or omitt$  f x1 & c  
ev51 at times1 be remov$ aft] be+       
deposit$  on ! pap]4 ,x w be se5 t !    
arti/ has complete control  ov] !       
gradations1 & to "s ext5t1 also1 ov] !  
outl9es (  ! picture4 ,he c !re=e make !
 process respond to 8 desire  = arti/ic 
expression to an ext5t n possible ) any 
o!r  photographic pr9t+ m$ium1 ev5 !    
sup]ficial texture ( ! image  be+ l>gely
 "u ! work]'s control4    ,a v>iant (   
bromoil is ! oil process1 ?\gh x w\ld be
 m  correct to put x ! o!r way ab\t1 !  
latt] process be+ !  old] ( ! two4 ,a   
%eet ( pap] is coat$ ) gelat9e alone1   
?is  be+ r5d]$ s5sitive to light by     
means ( c]ta9 *emicals &  !n pr9t$ "u a 

negative4 ,! effect is to r5d] ! gelat9e
  h>d 9 proportion to ! am\nt (         
light-action1 t is1 h>de/  9 ! %ad[s1   
less s 9 ! half-tones1 & lea/ ( all 9 ! 
lights4 ,! pr9t is !n wa%$ to remove !  
excess ( s5sitiz]1  & soak$ 9 w>m wat]2 
! subsequ5t op]ations are ! same z  9   
bromoil4 ,oil is sup]ior to bromoil 9   
be+ slightly easi] to  manipulate & 9 n 
requir+ a d>k-room1 b x is inf]ior 9 t  
x dem&s ei!r daylight or a p[]ful       
artificial light = pr9t+4  ,fur!rmore1 a
 negative ! size ( ! f9i%$ pr9t is      
necess>y1  :]eas ) bromoil1 l>ge pr9ts c
 be made f small negatives4    ,oil &   
bromoil h ! drawback ( n be+ v rapid to 
"w1  ?ree or f\r #aaad bromoils         
repres5t+ a good day's "w = a  c>eful   
manipulator1 b !y are by f> ! mo/       
satisfactory (  all photographic pr9t+  
m$iums :5 ! desire is = arti/ic         
expression4        ,,writt5 ,,= ,,!     
,,m5tor ,,by ,,paul ,l4 ,,&]son         
,,illu/ration ,,= ,,! ,,m5tor4 ,,vol4   
#f1 ,no4 #ab1 ,,s]ial ,no4 #afj         

,,copyright1 #aiah1 ,,by ,,! ,,m5tor    
,,association1 ,,inc4                   
,illu/ration3 ,,photograph ,,by ,,paul  
,l4 ,,&]son    ,,! ,,lake1              
,,w9t]--,,nature ,,photography          
,,photography    ,pictorial ,photography
    ,,five      ,! accompany+ photograph
 entitl$ 8,! ,lake1 ,w9t]10 illu/rates  
admirably ! use ( ! s(t-focus l5s4 ,x is
 also ( int]e/ z  %[+ ! advantages      
sometimes to be ga9$ f ! int5tional  use
 ( defects4 ,! normal human eye is      
unsurpass$ = ! purpose  = :i* x is      
design$2 x is difficult to imag9e an    
organ  m p]fect 9 ?is respect4 ,! eye   
automatically1 & almo/  in/antane\sly1  
adju/s itself = ne> or di/ant objects & 
=  v>y+ int5sities ( light1 & has1      
moreov]1 a field ( view (  ne>ly #ahj   
degrees--almo/ a complete half-circle4  
,nev]!less1 x  has two defects t t5d to 
impair ! accuracy ( vision1 namely1     
*romatic & sph]ical ab]ration4 ,*romatic
 ab]ration is !  inability to focus     
simultane\sly on two or m ( ! prim>y    

colors 7x is ?is defect 9 ! eye t causes
 r$ lett]s to seem  to /& out f a blue  
or gre5 backgr\nd1 a trick sometimes us$
  9 po/] "w74 ,sph]ical ab]ration is !  
inability to br+ to a  focus ! rays (   
light t pass ?r\gh ! l5s ne> ! m>g9s at 
! same "t z ^? t pass ?r\gh ne> ! c5t]4 
,= ^!  reasons--&1 9 less] degree1 "s   
o!rs--! eye _c see %>p  l9es1 & a l5s t 
gives %>p def9ition to ! edges ( objects
  produces results t are e/hetically    
unpleas+1 because =eign  to our         
exp]i5ce4 ,! s(t-focus l5s--( :i* !re   
are num]\s  makes--is s design$ t x     
possesses ! errors t are normal to  !   
eye1 & !re=e--if ! *>act]i/ic s(tness ( 
def9ition  is n ov]-done by a too       
en?usia/ic work]--gives results hav+ an 
agreeable vagu5ess ( outl9e4 ,at "o "t !
 qualities ( ?is type  ( l5s 7          
ov]-work$1 ! results be+ s excessively  
diffus$  t1 z "o writ] said ( a pr9t1 8x
 0 impossible to tell :e!r  x 0 a       
#8,portrait ( a ,lady' or a             
#8,wat]-,sp\t 9 ! ,gulf ,/ream4'0  ,b = 

"s ye>s pa/ ! p5dulum has be5 sw++ ! o!r
 way1  & photograph]s 9 g5]al 7x mu/ be 
und]/ood t ?is ref]s  only to arti/ic   
work]s1 n sci5ti/s7 are n[ us+ !        
unconnect$  l5s s z to secure z ne>ly z 
possible ! quality *>act]i/ic  ( !      
normal eye )1 p]haps1 a slight          
exagg]ation = ! sake (  sugge/ion1 & z a
 /imulus to ! imag9ation4               
,,writt5 ,,= ,,! ,,m5tor ,,by ,,paul ,l4
 ,,&]son      ,,illu/ration ,,= ,,!     
,,m5tor4 ,,vol4 #f1 ,no4 #ab1 ,,s]ial   
,no4 #afj      ,,copyright1 #aiah1 ,,by 
,,! ,,m5tor ,,association1 ,,inc4       
,illu/ration3 ,,photograph ,,by ,,k>l   
,,/russ1 ,,by ,,c\rtesy ,,( ,,h>p]',s   
,,baza>4    ,,photograph ,,illu/ration  
,,= ,a ,,/ory          ,,photography    
,motion ,picture ,photography    ,,six  
,a phase ( photography t has a v broad  
scope is motion-picture  "w1 ! me*anics 
( :i* dep5d on ?is fact3 ,if an object  
is  look$ at = a "t & is sudd5ly remov$ 
f be=e ! eye1 !  eye cont9ues to see x =
 an appreciable "t aft] its removal4    

,?is  ph5om5on is call$ 8p]si/5ce (     
vision40 ,a motion-picture cam]a  is s  
arrang$ t a long /rip ( film c be drawn 
pa/ ! l5s  9 a s]ies ( j]ks1 ! %utt] be+
 op5$ to p]mit ! image  project$ by !   
l5s to fall on ! film dur+ ! p]iod t !  
latt] is at re/2 ! film is drawn on to !
 next position :ile !  %utt] is clos$4  
,naturally1 an object mov+ be=e ! l5s w 
move slightly dur+ ! int]val betwe5     
exposures1 s ! film1 :5  develop$1 %[s a
 consecutive s]ies ( photographs ( !    
object  9 slightly diff]5t positions4 ,a
 positive pr9t is made f ?is  s]ies (   
negatives on a simil> /rip ( film4 ,?is 
is project$ by  means ( an app>atus     
some?+ l ! famili> magic lant]n or      
/]eopticon1 b s arrang$ t ?is film may  
be drawn along 9  j]ks4 ,ea* photograph 
is %[n = a fraction ( a second1 & is    
replac$1 dur+ ! "t t ! %utt] is clos$1  
by "o %[+  a slightly lat] phase ( !    
motion4 ,because ( ! p]si/5ce (  vision 
! eye bl5ds ^! successive photographs   
into "o app>5tly  cont9u\s motion4 ,x w 

be se5 t ! t]m 8mov+ pictures0 is       
really a misnom]1 s9ce ! pictures on !  
scre5 d n move1 b  rema9 p]fectly       
/ation>y dur+ ! "t t !y are se54 ,by    
tak+ ! pictures rapidly & project+ !m   
sl[ly ! app>5t  motion may be sl[$ d[n1 
s t a rifle bullet may take ?ree or  f\r
 m9utes to travel across a scre5 space (
 z _m feet4 ,by tak+  !m at wide        
int]vals & project+ rapidly ! motion may
 be spe$$  up1 & a plant may seem to gr[
 f a se$l+ to maturity 9 a few  m9utes4 
,! ord9>y tak+ & project+ spe$ is sixte5
 pictures  p] second1 exp]im5t hav+ %[n 
t ?is is ! lea/ numb] t  ! eye w bl5d   
satisfactorily4 ,s9ce ea* picture is "o 
in* wide  by ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*       
high--9 ! film--x is evid5t t  ea*      
second ( "t repres5ts "o foot ( film4 ,!
 writ] has se5 a  r elaborately /ag$    
photo-play t requir$ an h\r & =ty       
m9utes = projection2 a simple           
calculation %[s t ?is involv$  #f1jjj   
feet ( positive film--a little ov] a    
mile4 ,! l5g? ( !  negative film 0      

und\bt$ly m1 on acc\nt ( retakes1 cuts1 
& s  on4 ,an exp5diture ( five or six   
hundr$ doll>s = film1 h[ev]1  is b a    
small item 9 ! co/ ( produc+ an         
elaborate photo-play1  = ! actors       
receive l>ge sal>ies--?\gh n s l>ge z ! 
press-ag5ts w\ld h u believe--& ! co/ ( 
sc5]y is great4  ,! production (        
photo-plays is nev]!less a pr(itable    
indu/ry1 z  may be und]/ood f ! fact t !
 av]age daily att5dance 9  ?is c\ntry is
 e/imat$ at ab\t twelve million4 ,assum+
 t ea*  spectator pays only t5 c5ts1 ?is
 repres5ts an intake ( #a1bjj1jjj  daily
 &1 z is well kn[n1 ! prices ( admission
 9 _m !atres  range f #be c5ts up to    
#a4jj & m4 ,! arti/ic possibilities  ( !
 motion-picture play are obvi\sly       
limit$--x c nev] hope  to rise to !     
emotional heights ( ! legitimate        
drama--b !y  are none ! less            
consid]able4 ,x is to be regrett$ t !   
motion  picture indu/ry is at pres5t s  
mu* 9 ! h&s ( produc]s :o  p&] to !     
co>s] in/9cts ( ! public1 ?r\gh         

s5sationalism  & slap-/ick f>ce2 :o are 
(t5 indiff]5t to detail--!  writ] has   
se5 a c[-pun*] repres5t$ z we>+ 8       
six-%oot]  butt-=emo/2 :o treat !       
au?or's "w accord+ to _! own  ideas4 ,a 
well-kn[n au?or rem>k$1 on see+ ! scre5 
v]sion (  "o ( h] books3 8,if ,i hadn't 
be5 fairly famili> ) ! /ory ,i  w\ldn't 
h kn[n :at x 0 all ab\t40 ,9 g5]al1     
firms seem to  be m conc]n$ ) gett+ !   
public's money ?an ) produc+  really    
arti/ic results4 ,! writ] once saw a    
photo-play v]sion ( a  fairly well-kn[n 
book1 9 :i* ! produc] _h *ang$ an       
eld]ly1  gray-hair$1 quiet1 exp]i5c$    
cattleman into a *eap imitation (  a    
,bret ,h>te gambl] ( ?irty ye>s ( age1 !
 purpose ( ?is  metamorphosis be+ to    
trans=m a noble & self-sacrific+        
affection  into a piece ( gaudy         
s5sationalism4 ,su* tactics _c fail to  
displease ?9k+ p1 b !re are1 =tunately1 
produc]s to  :om ^! rem>ks d n          
apply--really consci5ti\s m5 ( high     
ideals1 & signs are n want+ ( an        

improvem5t 9 ?is reg>d4 ,!  motion      
picture1 9 wor?y h&s1 c be made an      
educational m$ium (  great value1 n only
 9 ! dramatic art b 9 _m o!r ways4      
,films  frequ5tly %[ sc5es ( hi/orical  
int]e/1 life 9 =eign l&s1  indu/ries4   
,sci5tific subjects are treat$1 su* z ! 
p]i/altic  movem5ts ( ! inte/9es & !    
action ( ! he>t1 photograph$  by means (
 ! ,x-ray2 also ! life cycle (          
micro-organisms1 !  microscope be+ us$ 9
 ?is case--& _m o!r activities ( life4  
,among ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! films are ^?  
produc$ by !  ,williamson bro!rs1 %[+   
sea life1 ?\gh me*anical difficulties  h
 s f> prev5t$ ! photograph+ ( ! mo/     
int]e/+ phase  ( m>9e life1 t ( !       
extreme dep?s4        ,,writt5 ,,= ,,!  
,,m5tor ,,by ,,paul ,l4 ,,&]son         
,,illu/ration ,,= ,,! ,,m5tor4 ,,vol4   
#f1 ,no4 #ab1 ,,s]ial ,no4 #afj         
,,copyright1 #aiah1 ,,by ,,! ,,m5tor    
,,association1 ,,inc4          ,,!      
,,m5tor  ,,augu/ #a1 #aiah ,,dep>tm5t   
,,( ,,f9e ,,arts    ,,! ,,/ory ,,(      

,,photography    ,by ,,paul ,l4 ,,&]son 
,arti/ ,photograph]1 ,au?or (           
8,pictorial ,photography0        ,,m5tor
 ,,gravures        ,,photograph ,,f ,a  
,,dagu]reotype        ,,self-,,portrait 
,,photograph ,,by ,d4 ,o4 ,,hill        
,,brooks' ,,comet        ,,m5tor        
,,gravures        ,,portrait ,,by       
,,bromoil ,,process        ,,! ,,lake1  
,,w9t]        ,,illu/ration ,,= ,a      
,,/ory    ,illu/ration3 ,a              
,,dagu]reotype    ,ent]$ z second-class 
matt] ,m>* #aj1 #aiac1 at ! po/(fice at 
,new  ,york1 ,n4 ,y41 "u ! act ( ,m>*   
#c1 #ahgi4 ,copyright1 #aiah1 by ,!     
,m5tor ,association1 ,inc4      ,num]\s 
inve/igators1 ,dagu]re1 ,nipce1 ,fox    
,talbot1 & o!rs1  h be5 cr$it$ ) !      
discov]y ( photography1 b ! fact  seems 
to be t ^!1 & _m m1 m]ely contribut$1   
ea* 9 8  turn1 "s portion ( ! total t   
goes to make up ! art z x  n[ /&s4      
,photography means1 lit]ally1           
8light-writ+10 ! "n  be+ d]iv$ f two    
,greek words1 phos1 light1 & graphe91 to

  write4 ,! practice ( photography      
dep5ds prim>ily on ! fact t  c]ta9      
*emical comp\nds are *ang$ into o!r     
comp\nds by !  action ( light4 ,ano!r   
fact is closely alli$ ) ?is1 namely1 t  
a suitably con/ruct$ l5s ( glass or o!r 
transp>5t mat]ial1  or a f9e ne$le-hole 
us$ in/ead ( a l5s1 w project ! image  (
 objects plac$ 9 front ( x4 ,a cam]a1   
!n1 consi/s ( a  light-tight box hav+ at
 "o end an arrangem5t = hold+ a l5s  or 
a c>d ) a ne$le-hole 9 x1 & at ! o!r end
 a device =  hold+ "s light-s5sitive    
*emical to receive ! image project$ by  
! l5s4 ,9 mod]n practice ?is            
light-s5sitive *emical is almo/  always 
bromide ( silv] or a mixture ( ! bromide
 ) o!r silv]  comp\nds1 ^! *emicals be+ 
held 9 an emulsion ( gelat9e4 ,:5  !    
gelat9e emulsion is coat$ 9 a ?9 film on
 a %eet ( glass  ! result is kn[n z a   
dry-plate1 or1 simply1 a plate4 ,:5 x is
  coat$ on a /rip ( celluloid w\nd on   
roll]s s t successive  portions may be  
expos$ to light1 x is call$ a roll film1

 & :5  x is coat$ on sep>ate %eets (    
celluloid1 arrang$ l a pad1 to  be      
expos$ successively1 x is call$ a film  
pack4 ,a simil> emulsion  coat$ on pap] 
gives bromide or gas-light pap]1 :i*1 z 
w be  se5 lat]1 is us$ = mak+ pr9ts4 ,at
 "o "t wet collodion plates  7 g5]ally  
us$1 a %eet ( glass be+ coat$ )         
collodion &  s5sitiz$ by ba?+ x ) iodide
 ( silv]4 ,! exposure 0 made  be=e !    
plate dri$2 b ^! plates 7 inconv5i5t to 
h&le  & h be5 almo/ entirely sup]s$$ by 
! gelat9e dry plate4 ,!  prep>$ plate1 (
 :atev] type x may be1 is plac$ 9 !     
cam]a  & expos$ = a long] or %ort] "t1  
dep5d+ on circum/ances1  to ! light     
project$ by ! l5s1 b no image is visible
 aft]  exposure1 7unless1 inde$1 !      
exposure has be5 trem5d\sly  excessive17
 & ! plate mu/ be develop$4             
,illu/ration3 ,f a plat9um pr9t by      
,g]trude ,ksebi]    8,,bless$ ,,art ,,?\
 ,,among ,,wom50    ,portrait           
,photograph    ,illu/ration3 ,f a       
photograph by ,paul ,l4 ,&]son    ,a    

,,c\ntry ,,/ation ,,ma/]    ,portrait   
,photograph    ,!re are ab\t fifty      
diff]5t r$uc+ ag5ts on ! m>ket2  mo/ (  
!m are d]iv$ f coal-t>1 ?\gh "s are made
 f  nut-galls1 li*5s1 & o!r sub/ances4  
,! develop] consi/s ( a  solution 9 wat]
 ( "o or m ( ^! r$uc+ ag5ts1 ) o!r      
*emicals to control ! action1 ! expos$  
plate be+ ba!d 9  ?is solution1 ei!r 9 !
 d>k or 9 a light to :i* ! plate  is n  
s5sitive4 ,:]ev] light has act$ on !    
silv] salts !  develop] causes metallic 
silv] to be deposit$ 9 proportion to  ! 
am\nt ( light-action1 s t on hold+ !    
develop$ plate  up to ! light a d5se    
deposit is se5 9 ^? p>ts repres5t+  !   
brighte/ portions ( ! subject1 :ile !   
%ad[s ( !  orig9al are repres5t$ by ?9  
areas1 & ! half-tones by deposits  (    
int]m$iate d5sity4 ,= ?is reason !      
develop$ plate is  call$ a negative4 ,! 
plate is !n ba!d 9 a solution ( sodium  
?iosulphate 7g5]ally call$ 8hypo071 :i* 
dissolves ! unaffect$  silv] salt b does
 n affect ! metallic silv]--or at lea/  

does  s only v sl[ly4 ,next1 ! plate is 
wa%$ 9 wat] to remove all  unnecess>y   
*emicals1 & is dri$4 ,! ord9>y plate is 
s5sitive  only to ultra-violet          
7invisible7 & violet light1 s x _c  r5d]
 tru?fully any subject hav+ color1 b by 
! addition (  c]ta9 anil9e dyes to !    
emulsion x may be r5d]$ s5sitive to     
gre5 9 addition to violet &             
ultra-violet2 x is !n describ$ z        
or?o*romatic 78"r-color$07 or           
iso*romatic 78equally-color$074  ,/ill  
o!r dyes ext5d ! s5sitiv5ess to include 
n only  ultra-violet b also ! entire    
visible spectrum2 su* a plate is  call$ 
pan-*romatic 78all-color$074            
,illu/ration3 ,f a photograph by ,paul  
,l4 ,&]son    ,a ,,portrait ,,photograph
      ,pr9t+ ! ,photograph    ,! f9i%$  
negative1 :5 dry1 mu/ ( c\rse be pr9t$1 
& !re  are _m pr9t+ m$iums available4 ,!
 c>bon process gives an image  9        
lamp-black or "s e>? pigm5t1 b\nd up 9 a
 film ( gelat9e2  ! gum-pigm5t process  
gives an image simil> to t ( c>bon1 !   

b9d] 9 ?is case be+ gum arabic2 !       
plat9um process gives an  image ( black 
metallic plat9um direct on ! pap]       
support4 ,o!r  processes give diff]5t   
effects1 "o ( ! mo/ valuable to !       
pictorial work] be+ gum-plat9um1 9 :i* a
 complet$ plat9um  pr9t is coat$ ) a    
gum-pigm5t film & pr9t$ "u ! negative  a
 second "t1 ! f9al result be+ a         
gum-pigm5t image sup]pos$  on ! plat9um 
image4 ,( all pr9t+ m$iums ! "o t has   
mo/  intr9sic beauty1 & is at ! same "t 
mo/ capable ( r5d]+  satisfactorily !   
gradations ( ! negative1 is probably    
plat9um1  s ?is is mo/ us$ by pictorial 
work]s4 ,b1 s9ce x is exp5sive  &       
requires daylight or /rong artificial   
light = pr9t+1 ne>ly  all comm]cial     
work]s pref] ! some:at less beautiful & 
less  p]man5t1 b m conv5i5t1 gas-light  
pap]1 s-call$ because  x c be manipulat$
 entirely by gas-light1 nei!r daylight  
nor a  d>k-room be+ requir$4 ,?is m$ium 
consi/s ( pap] t has be5  coat$ ) an    
emulsion some:at simil> to t us$ =      

plates1 b  requir+ mu* long] exposure4  
,! negative is plac$ 9 an appliance  t  
holds x 9 close contact ) ! pap]1 !n a  
%eet ( pap]  is put 91 & an exposure ( a
 few seconds is giv54 ,obvi\sly1 !  pap]
 receives mo/ light "u ! ?9 p>ts ( !    
negative & less  "u ! d5s] portions1 s t
 :5 ! pr9t is develop$1 fix$1  wa%$ &   
dri$ ! result+ picture is light :]e !   
orig9al  subject 0 light1 d>k :]e t 0   
d>k1 & %[ int]m$iate  gradations :]e ^! 
exi/$ 9 ! orig9al4    ,illu/ration3     
,photograph by ,k>l ,/russ    ,,capri1  
,,italy    ,illu/ration3 ,f a bromoil   
transf] by ,*>les ,k5dall    ,,! ,,%ad[ 
,,( ,a ,,sign    ,= purposes (          
reproduction two processes dep5d+ on    
photography  h almo/ entirely sup]s$$ ! 
old] me?ods ( et*+ & wood  engrav+4 ,^! 
photo-me*anical processes1 z !y are     
call$1 are  f> m rapid & mu* *eap]1 &   
are1 9 addition1 m accurate4  ,9        
photo-gravure ! photographic            
image--copi$ by photograph+  !          
orig9al--is transf]r$ to a copp] plate &

 ! plate is  automatically et*$ 9 an    
acid ba? to v>y+ dep?s1 dep5d+ on  !    
dep? ( %ad[ 9 ! orig9al4 ,?is plate is  
!n ink$ all  ov]1 ! ink be+ work$ into !
 depressions 9 ! copp]1 & !  surface ink
 wip$ (f4 ,a %eet ( pap] is br\ght into 
contact )  ! plate "u heavy pressure1 &1
 be+ =c$ into ! holl[s (  ! copp] & tak+
 up ! ink f !m1 a pr9t results4 ,9 !    
less beautiful b *eap] & m rapid        
half-tone process ! copy is  made ?r\gh 
a cross-rul$ glass scre51 ! image be+   
?us brok5 up  into a s]ies ( dots4 ,!   
image s obta9$ is transf]r$ to a z9c    
plate1 :i* is et*$ 9 an acid ba? or ) an
 acid spray4 ,! dots  s]ve to protect ! 
z9c f ! action ( ! acid4,a ,! f9i%$     
plate %[s an image consi/+ ( dots )     
holl[s betwe5 !m1 !  dots be+ l>ge & ne>
 toge!r 9 ! %ad[s1 small & f> ap>t  9 ! 
lights4 ,?is plate is ink$ ) a roll]1 & 
a %eet ( pap]1  lightly press$ aga9/ x1 
takes up ! ink to =m a pr9t4 ,?us x  w  
be se5 t photo-gravure is an intaglio   
7cut-97 process1 &  half-tone a         

surface-pr9t+ process4    ,a ,see cut on
 page #i4      ,photographic            
,illu/rations    ,illu/ration3 ,f a     
plat9um pr9t by ,w4 ,e4 ,macnaughton    
,,sc5e ,,on ,,! ,,connecticut ,,riv]    
,photography has n only sup]s$$ manual  
processes = reproduction1  b has also   
l>gely replac$ !m = purposes (          
illu/ration4  ,practically all news     
illu/rations are n[ made by photography1
 :i*  is also ext5sively us$ = adv]tis+ 
"w4 ,to a less ext5t x is  employ$ =    
fiction illu/ration1 admirable "w hav+  
be5 done 9  ?is field by ,cl>5ce ,h4    
,:ite1 ,k>l ,/russ1 & ,lej>5  ,hill]4 ,x
  does n1 h[ev]1 seem probable t        
photography w ev] entirely  replace     
draughtsman%ip = ! illu/ration (        
fiction1 s9ce ! v  /r5g? ( ! cam]a1--t  
is1 its surpass+ p[] ( r5d]+  accurately
 ! outl9es & gradations ( natural       
objects1--op]ates  z a sev]e limitation 
9 ! case ( orig9al1 imag9ative "w4  ,x  
is difficult to conceive ( 8,! ,fall ( !
 ,h\se ( ,u%]0 or  8,! ,rime ( ! ,anci5t

 ,m>9]0 be+ satisfactorily illu/rat$ by 
photography1 & if1 = in/ance1 8,le      
,morte d',ar?ur0 7 made a  photographic 
subject1 ! co/ ( models1 co/umes & sc5]y
 w\ld  probably be excessive4           
,illu/ration3 ,f a c>bon pr9t by ,h4 ,y4
 ,smmons    8,,! ,,/ygian ,,%ore0       
,despite ! limitations ( ! cam]a z      
reg>ds imag9ative "w !re  is a small b  
devot$ b& ( photograph]s :o use ! cam]a 
z a  means ( arti/ic expression1 & ^! m5
 & wom5 h produc$  "s wond]fully f9e    
results t fulfil ! def9ition ( art3 8,a 
means ( ar\s+ an emotion 9 ! spectator40
 ,9 ! la/ analysis1  h[ev]1 x w be f\nd 
t su* results are due to "o ( two       
me?ods ( approa*3 ei!r ! c>eful         
selection ( an unusual natural  effect1 
or ! use ( "o ( ! s-call$ 8control      
processes0--t  is1 pr9t+ m$iums t all[ !
 work] to modify at w ei!r  ! outl9es or
 ! gradations ( ! negative1 or bo?4 ,9 !
 =m]  case1 h[ev]1 ! photograph] _c be  
reg>d$ z m ?an an  exceptionally        
s5sitive & p]ceptive craftsman1 & 9 !   

latt]  in/ance ! cam]a us]1 ( c\rse1    
ceases to be a photograph] &  becomes a 
creative arti/1 us+ photography m]ely z 
a basis on :i*  to con/ruct an          
imag9ative result4 ,! possibilities (   
?is second  me?od ( "w h n yet be5 fully
 explor$2 !y appe> to be  limitless4    
,! ,precision ( ,photography            
,illu/ration3 ,photograph by ,/russ     
,,aft]noon ,,sun    ,! ,biltmore1 ,new  
,york    ,illu/ration3 ,photograph by   
,/russ    ,a ,,mi/y ,,day    ,*a?am     
,squ>e1 ,new ,york    ,illu/ration3     
,photograph by ,/russ    ,,sun%9e ,,&   
,,%ad[    ,p>k ,r[1 ,new ,york          
,illu/ration3 ,photograph by ,/russ     
,,sunlight ,,on ,,surf    ,! lit]alness 
( photography1 :i* prev5ts its ev]      
compet+  ) et*+ or pa9t+ 9 imag9ative   
art1 makes x ( ine/imable  value 9 c]ta9
 realms1 & sci5ti/s ( all sorts1        
a/ronom]s1  physici/s1 physicians1      
pa?ologi/s1 z well z ar*itects1 build+  
contractors1 bus9ess m51 :o wi% a       
precise & accurate record (  any object1

 recognize ! value ( ! cam]a4           
,photographs are (t5  admitt$ z legal   
evid5ce 9 c\rt4 ,x is impossible to     
ov]/ate !  value ( ! dry-plate to !     
surgeon1 s9ce ! ,x-ray1 g5]at$ by  pass+
 an electric dis*>ge ?r\gh a glass tube 
f :i* mo/ (  ! air has be5 exhau/$1     
p5etrates _m objects t are opaque  to   
ord9>y light1 &1 ?\gh invisible to !    
eye1 nev]!less  affect a photographic   
plate1 ?us mak+ possible a precise      
diagnosis  ( fractur$ bones1 gun-%ot    
w\nds1 dige/ive di/urbances1 & _m  o!r  
pa?ological conditions 9 :i* diagnosis  
)\t a radiograph  w\ld be m]e guesswork4
    ,9 portraiture1 photography is      
sup]ior to any o!r graphic art1 s9ce  ! 
cam]a work] c1 by judici\s selection (  
light+1 pose &  facial expression1 r5d] 
! "* ( ! sitt] q z well z  !            
draughtsman1 ?is be+ ! f9al te/ 9       
portrait "w1 ?\gh x  mu/ be admitt$ t   
few portrait photograph]s meet ?is      
requirem5t4      ,microphotography      
,illu/ration3 ,by ,paul ,l4 ,&]son      

,,photograph ,,tak5 ,,9 ,a ,,sn[/orm    
,new ,york    ,! human eye & m9d are1 f 
a me*anical po9t ( view1 b  imp]fect    
in/rum5ts4 ,admirably z !y s]ve !       
purpose = :i*  !y are design$1 x is     
nev]!less impossible = !m to obs]ve  )  
absolute accuracy4 ,! cam]a1 h[ev]1 has 
no su* limitations2  its obs]vations are
 accurate & its records unque/ionable1 s
 long  z no def9ite ef=t is made to     
impair _! exactness4 ,= ?is  reason     
photography is us$ n only 9 a/ronomy b 9
 _m o!r  bran*es ( sci5ce1 among its mo/
 important uses be+ ! mak+ (  records ( 
microscopic objects4    ,a device c>ry+ 
a photographic plate is atta*$ to !     
eye-piece  ( a microscope2 ! plate be+  
expos$ af=ds1 on developm5t1  a precise 
record ( ! subject "u obs]vation4 ,x may
 be not$  t 9 ?is case1 z 9 a/ronomical 
photography1 no cam]a l5s is  requir$2 !
 microscope1 l ! telescope1 projects an 
arial image  :i* is impress$ on ! plate4
 ,x ?us becomes possible = !            
microscopi/ to /udy at leisure a        

photograph ( ! object t 0  9 ! field ( !
 microscope1 & !reby elim9ate eye-/ra9 &
  m9imize ! likelihood ( ov]look+ any   
feature ( int]e/4 ,x is  fur!r possible 
to make lant]n-slides f ! negative s    
obta9$4  ,a lectur] by ?is means is     
enabl$ to %[ ! photograph to a l>ge     
gr\p ( individuals simultane\sly4       
,illu/ration3 ,photograph by ,/russ     
,by c\rtesy ( ,clevel& ,metal ,products 
,co4    ,,adv]tis+ ,,illu/ration    ,an 
example ( comm]cial photography         
,illu/ration3 ,,?umb-,,pr9t ,,on ,,d>k  
,,wood    ,f+]-pr9ts are made visible by
 du/+ ) a f9e p[d]1 & are  photograph$ )
 a special detective cam]a    ,?\gh !   
photographic plate ?us ext5ds !         
usefulness ( !  microscope1 ?is is n !  
limit ( its value 9 ?is respect4  ,light
 is transmitt$ by waves1 simil> 9 "s    
ways to waves 9  wat]1 ! light waves be+
 di/urbances ( ! light-be>+ e!r1  an    
invisible1 impond]able sub/ance ( z]o   
d5sity & inf9ite  ela/icity1 :i* p]vades
 all matt]4 7,x mu/ be und]/ood t  ! e!r

 has nev] be5 obs]v$ nor its actual     
exi/5ce prov52 x  is1 h[ev]1 a necess>y 
assumption = ! satisfactory explanation 
( ! obs]v$ ph5om5a ( light1 s f> z our  
pres5t k  ext5ds47 ,! di/ance f ! cre/ (
 "o wave to ! cre/ ( !  next is kn[n z !
 wave l5g?1 ! l5g?s ( ! v>i\s light     
waves hav+ actually be5 measur$4 ,!     
human eye is s5sitive only to  waves    
betwe5 ab\t f\r-t5-?\s&?s &             
sev5-t5-?\s&?s ( a  millimet] 9 l5g?1 a 
millimet] be+ ab\t "o-tw5ty-fif? ( an   
in*1 & an object is invisible 9 !       
microscope if its diamet] is  less ?an  
half ! wave l5g? ( ! light by :i* x is  
illum9at$1  s9ce 9 t case ! light waves 
b5d ar\nd ! object & meet  on ! o!r     
side4 ,we _c1 !re=e1 see objects ^:     
diamet]  is less ?an ab\t two-t5-?\s&?s 
( a millimet]4 ,b !  photographic plate 
is s5sitive to %ort] waves ?an ! eye2 ^!
  waves are kn[n z ! ultra-violet4 ,by  
illum9at+ ! microscope  /age )          
ultra-violet light x !re=e becomes      
possible to  photograph objects s small 

t !y mu/ =ev] rema9 invisible to  ! nak$
 eye1 unless1 inde$1 ! progress ( human 
evolution br+s  ) x increas$ s5sitiv5ess
 to ! %ort] wave l5g?s4 ,9 ?is          
connection x is int]e/+ to note t !re   
are organisms s small  t !y _c be made  
app>5t to u ev5 by photography1 ?\gh  we
 are made aw>e ( _! exi/5ce by inductive
 reason+ f _!  obs]v$ effects4          
,illu/ration3 ,,newspap] ,,illu/ration  
,enl>g$ to %[ half-tone scre5    ,9 !   
case ( "s objects1 a full] k ( _! "* is 
ga9$ if !y are exam9$ 9 a mann] some:at 
diff]5t f t  usually adopt$4 ,"o ( !    
photographs giv5 h]e) %[s ! effect      
obta9$ by :at is kn[n z 8d>k gr\nd      
illum9ation40 ,ord9>ily1  ! light by :i*
 a microscopic object is exam9$ passes  
?r\gh !  slide1 s t an opaque object is 
really se5 only z a silh\ette1  b 9 d>k 
gr\nd illum9ation an opaque backgr\nd is
 plac$ beh9d  ! object1 & ! light is    
all[$ to fall on x f ! sides4 ,!  object
 is ?us made visible by ! light t is    
refract$ 7t is1  b5t7 into ! l5s ( !    

microscope4 ,9 ! pres5t in/ance !       
effect se5 by look+ into ! eye-piece 0  
wond]fully beautiful1  ! cry/als gl[+ ) 
a brilliant yell[ light aga9/ an        
int5sely  black gr\nd4      ,radiography
    ,"s p]sons object to ! inclusion (  
radiography z a bran* (  photography1   
s9ce no cam]a or l5s is us$1 b          
8photography0 means1  lit]ally1         
8light-writ+10 & radiography is         
precisely ?is4    ,if ! air be ne>ly    
exhau/$ f a glass tube1 s t a high      
vacuum  exi/s !re91 & x be !n seal$ up1 
a curr5t ( electricity may  be s5t ?r\gh
 ! rema9+ air1 sett+ up e!r vibrations t
  pass out f ! tube4 ,^! e!r waves h !  
p[] ( pass+  ?r\gh _m sub/ances t are   
opaque to visible light1 ! ,x-rays1  z  
!y are t]m$1 be+ totally invisible1 ?\gh
 light waves to  :i* ! eye is s5sitive  
are set up at ! same "t )9 ! tube4  ,_m 
p]sons confuse ! gre5i% light f an      
,x-ray tube ) !  ,x-rays1 b ! two are   
actually entirely diff]5t manife/ations4
 ,!  ,x-rays1 ?\gh invisible to ! eye1  

are nev]!less able to affect a          
photographic plate /rongly1 s t         
photographs may be made ?r\gh  solid    
objects4 ,= example1 if a s5sitive plate
 be laid on a table &  ! arm or ! h&    
plac$ on x1 & an ,x-ray tube is br\ght  
ne> !  arm1 a photograph results 9 :i* !
 bone is repres5t$ z a d>k  area & !    
fle% ar\nd x z light]1 ?is be+1 ( c\rse1
 simply  a %ad[ picture4 ,?is af=ds an  
int5sely valuable aid to diagnosis1  & a
 good surgeon w1 if possible1 fir/      
radiograph a fractur$ bone  be=e sett+  
x1 unless ! circum/ances are v          
exceptional4  ,! value ( radiography is 
n1 h[ev]1 conf9$ to fractures1 b  ext5ds
 to w\nds 7x is ( great help 9 locat+   
metallic fragm5ts  or o!r =eign bodies 9
 a w\nd71 to _m inte/9al disord]s1 &  to
 ! diagnosis ( o!r diseas$ conditions4  
,illu/ration3 ,,/rip ,,(                
,,motion-,,picture ,,film    ,actual    
size4 ,! photography consum$ five-eigh?s
 ( a second1 or j  long en\gh = !       
subject to turn h] head    ,illu/ration3

 ,by c\rtesy ( ,w4 ,fait\te ,munn       
,,microphotograph ,,( ,,cry/als ,,(     
,,bruc9e ,,sulphate    7,a7 ,by         
transmitt$ light    7,b7 ,) d>k-gr\nd   
illum9ation    ,?\gh n /rictly be>+ on  
photography1 x is int]e/+ to  note t !  
,x-rays1 l ! 8gamma rays0 7-rays7 (     
radium1 are  9 reality e!r vibrations ( 
v %ort wave l5g?1 & l !  %ort] waves 7! 
ultra-violet7 9 sunlight1 possess       
curative p[]s  9 "s sk9 disord]s & also 
! p[] ( caus+ t]rible burns4  ,sunburn  
does n result f exposure ei!r to visible
 sunlight or to  ! heat ( ! sun1 b to ! 
ultra-violet rays2 & an ,x-ray burn is  
id5tical ) sunburn4 ,9 extreme cases !  
,x-rays may cause complete  de/ruction (
 ! sk9 & ev5 canc]1 & be=e ! prop]ties (
  ! ,x-rays 7 s well kn[n z at pres5t _m
 op]ators lo/ h&s1  & "s _! lives1 z a  
result ( excessive exposure to ! rays4  
,at pres5t1 ,x-ray work]s %ield         
!mselves1 &1 :5 necess>y1 !  pati5t1 )  
lead scre5s1 t metal be+ practically    
opaque to !  rays4      ,color          

,photography    ,_m work]s h tri$1 )    
v>y+ success to devise a means :]eby    
photography c\ld be made to reproduce n 
only ! outl9es &  gradations ( natural  
objects b ! colors z well1 & !re is  n[ 
available a me?od ( great wor? = ?is    
purpose4 ,9 brief1 x  consi/s 9 mak+1 by
 "o exposure 9 an ord9>y cam]a1 a set ( 
?ree-color negatives1 ea* ( :i*         
repres5ts t portion ( "o  ( ! prim>y    
colors--violet1 gre5 & r$--:i* 0        
reflect$ f  ! subject4 ,t is1 "o        
negative repres5ts ! violet 8s5sation10 
! second ! gre51 & ! ?ird ! r$4 ,pr9ts  
are made f ^!  negatives 9 suitable dyes
 on transp>5t films1 :i* are cem5t$     
toge!r1 "o ov] ! o!r1 ?us giv+ a true   
color photograph1  9 :i* ! second>y &   
t]ti>y colors--blue1 yell[1 orange1     
purple1 br[n1 etc4--are obta9$1 z 9     
pa9t+1 by ! mixture  9 prop] proportions
 ( two or m ( ! prim>ies4 ,?is is !     
fir/ me?od ( color photography to       
possess ! great advantage (  produc+    
pr9ts--n transp>5cies1 s t any numb] (  

duplicates  may be made4 ,no special    
cam]a is requir$1 & ! process is )9  !  
rea* ( any c>eful amateur4 ,! writ]     
believes ! arti/ic  value ( color       
photography is relatively slight--a     
black & :ite  art is capable ( ! fulle/ 
intellectual expression1 & color is     
m]ely s5su\s 9 its appeal4 ,aft] mu*    
exp]im5t ) diff]5t  color processes1 he 
f9ds 8 own mono*rome 7s+le tone7 pr9ts  
m satisfy+ ?an ! color "w4 ,h[ev]1 !    
value ( color to  ! sci5tific work] is  
incalculable1 z w be realiz$ at once on 
consid]+ only "o ( ! possible           
applications--namely1 ! /udy (  sk9     
affections4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t     
sev]al me?ods h  be5 devis$ = !         
reproduction ( natural colors 9         
motion-picture  "w--! famili> me?od (   
color+ ! positive film by h& be+  only  
an approximation to tru?4 ,b none ( ^?  
pres5t$ up to ?is  "t is fully          
satisfactory1 ?\gh ! prospects ( future 
developm5t  are good4    ,:5 we consid] 
! manifold & widespread uses (          

photography &  ! pleasurable div]sion t 
x af=ds1 x seems safe to say t  !re is  
no o!r =m ( indu/ry n an actual         
necessity t is (  su* importance to !   
welf>e & happ9ess ( ! human race4       
,illu/ration3 ,by c\rtesy ( ,dr4 ,t4 ,w4
 ,h>vey    ,,radiograph ,,( ,,normal    
,,h&      ,,supplem5t>y ,,read+         
,,pictorial ,,photography1 ,,pr9ciples  
,,& ,,practice     ,by ,paul ,l4 ,&]son 
,,in/ruction ,,9 ,,photography          
,by ,sir ,william de ,w4 ,abney         
,,sci5ce ,,& ,,practice ,,(             
,,photography                 ,by ,john 
,r4 ,roebuck    ,,photography ,,(       
,,today                                 
,by ,h4 ,c4 ,jones    ,,! ,,arti/ic     
,,side ,,( ,,photography                
,by ,a4 ,j4 ,&]son     ,in=mation       
conc]n+ ! above books may be _h on      
application to  ! ,editor ( ,! ,m5tor4  
,,! ,,op5 ,,lett]      ,"o summ]        
aft]noon1 "s ye>s ago1 ,i w5t into a    
front room ( my  home & drew d[n ! w9d[ 
%ades to %ut out ! gl>e & heat4  ,! room

 became q d>k1 b1 9 "o ( ! %ades1 !re 0 
a  small hole1 ?r\gh :i* ! sunlight     
p5etrat$--ca/+ on ! :ite  wall opposite1
 vivid images ( all ! objects 9 ! /reet 
outside4 ,i  _h be=e me a full-color1   
mov+ picture ( ! panorama ( life t  0   
pass+ ! w9d[4    ,"h 0 ! orig9al 8cam]a 
obscura0 78d>k *amb]074 ,if "o plac$  9 
! small hole 9 ! %ade a glass l5s to    
give a %>p image1  & sub/itut$ = ! wall 
a movable scre51 on :i* ! project$      
objects c\ld be focuss$1 "o w\ld h !    
ess5tial elem5ts ( a  mod]n cam]a4      
,?r\gh j su* simple exp]i5ces z ?is     
important  sci5tific discov]ies are     
sometimes made4           99       99   
99       99       99    ,= _m ye>s      
photography 0 l>gely conf9$ to          
portraiture & !  fai?ful reproduction ( 
objects & sc5es4 ,all t 0 expect$ ( a   
cam]a 0 to 8make a picture0 ( a ?+4 ,)9 
! la/ =ty ye>s1  h[ev]1 z reproductive  
processes h be5 inv5t$1 photography has 
come to be "o ( ! mo/ useful ( arts4    
,beg9n+ ab\t #ahhc1 !  quality & "* ( ! 

illu/rations 9 our magaz9es & books     
*ang$ radically4 ,:]e1 previ\sly1 !re _h
 be5 no?+ b h&  engrav+s ( "o sort or   
ano!r1 photo-engrav+ appe>$1 &1  ) t1 ! 
horizon ( magaz9e illu/ration ext5d$ f> 
beyond !  rea* ( ! livelie/ imag9ation4 
,:o c\ld h =ese51 !n1 9  ! fir/         
photo-engrav+ processes1 su*            
possibilities z photographic  pr9t+ 9   
full colors1 or mov+ picture films8     
,today1 pictorial  illu/ration dep5ds on
 photography1 & !re is app>5tly little  
or no?+ 9 life beyond ! rea* (          
photographic art4 ,x discloses  !       
int]nal arrangem5ts ( human anatomy2 x  
makes a record ( !  affairs ( ! heav5ly 
bodies2 x pictures ?+s t ! human eye  _c
 see2 x is ev5 pot5t 9 ! realm ( my/]y1 
= h we n  se5 photographs ( gho/s787    
reproduc$ f _s seances8 ,:5  objects &  
situations 9 life t d n exi/ are want$1 
! cam]a  c1 by "s trick or device1      
create !m = u4 ,!re seems to be  no     
limit to ! possibilities4 ,ea* wond]    
display$ 9 photographic  reproduction   

gives way to "s new effect m wond]ful   
/ill4           99       99       99    
99       99    ,consid] briefly a few ( 
! wond]s ( mod]n photography4 ,fir/ &   
=emo/1 & mo/ spectacul> ( all1 is !     
mov+-picture film4  ,!n1 9 ! _w (       
practical ?+s1 we h ! telephoto-l5s--a  
comb9ation ( ! telescope & cam]a--t     
takes pictures ( objects  f> beyond !   
rea* ( ! nak$ eye4 ,?is enables "o to   
photograph  ! head ( a g>goyle on a     
di/ant ca!dral1 or ! fl$gl+s 9 an       
eagle's ne/1 or a m\nta9 goat on a crag 
high up a m\nta9 side4  ,!n !re is !    
sw++ cam]a1 by means ( :i* a wide sweep 
(  view c be includ$ 9 "o plate4 ,a     
device ( great practical value  is      
photo-telegraphy1 by :i* portraits =    
purposes ( id5tification  c be s5t by   
cable & by wireless4 ,9 mod]n w>f>e !   
uses (  ! cam]a are _m & v>i$4 ,!y      
include panoramic photography1          
photograph+ by moonlight1 photograph+ ( 
projectiles 9 ! air1  ev5 photograph+ ! 
noise ( a gun by record+ ! vibrations   

due  to ! displacem5t ( ! air1 photo    
map-mak+1 photo survey+  f ! air1 & !   
aviation gun cam]a4 ,radiography1 too1  
mu/ be  m5tion$--! ,x-ray & its use 9   
surg]y4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,:ile all ^! wond]s h    
come to pass 9 practical s]vice1        
photography has likewise gr[n & exp&$ 9 
! field ( f9e art4  ,!re are            
photographic art s*ools1 & clubs &      
exhibitions--all  = ! purpose (         
cultivat+ & develop+ ! cam]a to !  f9e/ 
=ms ( expression4 ,we h highly cultivat$
 & skill$  photograph]s :o are true     
arti/s1 & :o are engag$ 9 employ+       
photography z a means to f9e art        
a*ievem5t4 ,among su* arti/             
photograph]s 9 ?is c\ntry m5tion %\ld be
 made ( ,mr4 ,paul ,l4  ,&]son--! au?or 
( ! pres5t article2 ,arnold ,g5!1 :o1   
besides 8 wond]ful portraits1 has1 by 8 
art1 pres]v$ = future  g5]ations ! sc5es
 ( old ,san ,francisco--especially      
,*9at[n--t  h n[ pass$ away2 ,g]trude   
,kebi]1 ,b>on de ,mey] & ,jan de        

,/relecki1 ,/ieglitz1 ,eyckmey]1 ,/ei*51
 ,smons & s _m o!rs  t ! li/ w\ld fill  
?is page4    ,illu/ration3 ,w4 ,d4      
,m(fat    ,,editor          ,:at1 ,:o1 &
 ,:58      ,,:at ,,is ,,photography8    
,x is ! sci5ce & art ( produc+ pictures 
by ! action ( light  on *emically prep>$
 7s5sitiz$7 plates or films4    ,,:o    
,,discov]$ ,,photography8    ,no "o     
p>ticul> individual4 ,!re is no kn[n    
date on :i*  8photographic action0 0    
fir/ record$4 ,! action ( ! sun 9  mak+ 
impressions ( "o sort or ano!r on       
surfaces 0 kn[n to  man f ! e>lie/      
times4 ,records ( x c be se5 9 fossiliz$
  vegetable rema9s--& ?is action ( ! sun
 is app>5t 9 ! *ange  ( color t takes   
place 9 ! rip5+ ( fruits & foliage4     
,,:o ,,fir/ ,,appli$ ,a ,,s5sitiz$      
,,plate ,,to ,,! ,,purpose ,,( ,,mak+   
,,photographic ,,pr9ts8    ,no s+le     
individual discov]$ ?is ess5tial        
pr9ciple (  photography4 ,x came to be  
recogniz$ 9 ! c\rse ( _m  exp]i5ces1    
beg9n+ ) ! al*emi/s2 & develop+ ?r\gh  !

 exp]im5ts ( a numb] ( inve/igators1    
until ! end ( !  eighte5? c5tury1 :5 !  
s5sitiv5ess ( v>i\s silv] comp\nds  to  
light became well kn[n1 & ! "* ( ! *ange
 produc$  on ^! comp\nds by light became
 e/abli%$4 ,?omas ,w$gwood1 !  f\r? son 
( ,josiah ,w$gwood1 ! r5[n$ pott]1      
develop$ a process  by means ( :i* !    
image pr9t$ by photographic means c\ld  
be  8fix$0 & made p]man5t4    ,,:at     
,,in/rum5t ,,br\ght ,,! ,,photographic  
,,process ,,to ,a ,,p]fect$ ,,=m8    ,! 
cam]a4 ,! cam]a is ! photographic       
app>atus 9 :i* ! image  is project$ ^u !
 s5sitiz$ plate1 ?us secur+ a           
photographic  impression4 ,! ^w 8cam]a0 
is ,italian = 8room10 & ! full "n  ( !  
orig9al in/rum5t1 8cam]a obscura10 means
 8d>k room40    ,,:o ,,inv5t$ ,,!       
,,cam]a8    ,giovanni ,bapti/a della    
,porta1 :o liv$ 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 has 
(t5 be5 /at$ to h inv5t$ ! cam]a1 b he  
appe>s only to  h popul>iz$ & improv$ x4
 ,! fir/ use ( cam]as 0 n =  pr9t+      
photographs1 b simply z an int]e/+ toy  

or to assi/ "o  9 trac+ ! outl9es (     
v>i\s objects4 ,!re are _m applications 
( ! 8cam]a obscura0--a notable "o be+ ! 
p]iscope ( a  subm>9e4 ,x 0 n until a   
suitable s5sitive plate 0 discov]$  t ! 
cam]a became useful z an app>atus (     
photography4    ,,:o ,,7 ,,mo/          
,,prom95tly ,,id5tifi$ ,,) ,,!          
,,developm5t ,,( ,,!  ,,photographic    
,,process8    ,joseph ,nipce & ,l\is ,j4
 ,m4 ,dagu]re4 ,nipce 0 successful n    
only 9 gett+ pictures produc$ 9 ! cam]a1
 b he succe$$  9 8fix+0 !m p]man5tly1   
,dagu]re develop$ a process kn[n z      
8dagu]reotype10 :i* 0 ! fir/ me?od (    
photography available  = practical      
purposes4 ,?is 0 9 #ahcg4 ,) ! g5]al    
acceptance  ( dagu]reotypes1 photography
 became a pr(ession4 ,! process _h no   
rival until ab\t #ahea1 :5 ! 8collodion 
process0 0 discov]$1  &1 aft] t1 !      
dagu]reotype process became obsolete4   
,,:o ,,develop$ ,,! ,,mod]n ,,process   
,,( ,,photography8    ,william ,h5ry    
,fox ,talbot1 an ,engli% inv5tor        

7#ahjj-ahgg74 ,he greatly  increas$ !   
s5sitiv5ess ( pap]1 & f 8 negatives     
pr9ts  7 produc$ 9 mu* ! same way z 9 ! 
pres5t day4          ,,! ,,m5tor    ,!  
,weal? ( ,! ,m5tor            #a        
,beautiful ,*ildr5 9 ,art1 by ,gu/av    
,kobb4        #b ,mak]s ( ,am]ican      
,poetry1 by ,hamilton ,mabie        #c  
,wa%+ton ! ,capital1 by ,dwight         
,elm5dorf4        #d ,beautiful ,wom5 9 
,art1 by ,will+4        #e ,romantic    
,irel&1 by ,elm5dorf4        #f ,ma/]s (
 ,music1 by ,h5d]son4        #g ,natural
 ,wond]s ( ,am]ica1 by ,elm5dorf4       
#h ,pictures ,we ,love to ,live ,)1 by  
,hunek]4        #i ,! ,conque/ ( !      
,peaks1 by ,fay4       #aj ,scotl&1 !   
,l& ( ,song & ,sc5]y1 by ,elm5dorf4     
#aa ,*]ubs 9 ,art1 by ,kobb4       #ab  
,/atues ) a ,/ory1 by ,lorado ,taft4    
#ac ,! ,discov]]s1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell   
,h>t4       #ad ,london1 by ,elm5dorf4  
#ae ,! ,/ory ( ,panama1 by ,bonsal4     
#af ,am]ican ,birds ( ,beauty1 by ,e4   
,h4 ,=bu%4       #ag ,dut* ,ma/]pieces1 

by ,van ,dyke4       #ah ,p>is1 !       
,incomp>able1 by ,elm5dorf4       #ai   
,fl[]s ( ,decoration1 by ,h4 ,s4 ,adams4
       #bj ,mak]s ( ,am]ican ,humor1 by 
,burges ,johnson4       #ba ,am]ican    
,sea ,pa9t]s1 by ,ar?ur ,hoeb]4         
#bb ,! ,explor]s1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell    
,h>t4       #bc ,sport+ ,vacations1 by  
,dan ,be>d4       #bd ,switz]l&1 ! ,l& (
 ,sc5ic ,spl5dors1 by ,elm5dorf4        
#be ,am]ican ,noveli/s1 by ,hamilton    
,mabie4       #bf ,am]ican ,l&scape     
,pa9t]s1 by ,samuel ,i%am4       #bg    
,v5ice1 ! ,isl& ,city1 by ,elm5dorf4    
#bh ,! ,wife 9 ,art1 by ,kobb4       #bi
 ,great ,am]ican ,inv5tors1 by ,bruce4  
#cj ,furniture & ,its ,mak]s1 by        
,ri*>ds4       #ca ,spa9 & ,gibralt>1 by
 ,elm5dorf4       #cb ,hi/oric ,spots ( 
,am]ica1 by ,mc,elroy4       #cc        
,beautiful ,build+s ( ! ,_w1 by ,w>d4   
#cd ,game ,birds ( ,am]ica1 by ,e4 ,h4  
,=bu%4       #ce ,! ,conte/ = ,nor?     
,am]ica1 by ,a4 ,b4 ,h>t4       #cf     
,fam\s ,am]ican ,sculptors1 by ,lorado  

,taft4       #cg ,! ,conque/ ( ! ,poles1
 by ,re> ,admiral ,pe>y4       #ch      
,napoleon1 by ,ida ,m4 ,t>bell4         
#ci ,! ,m$it]ranean1 by ,elm5dorf4      
#dj ,angels 9 ,art1 by ,van ,dyke4      
#da ,fam\s ,compos]s1 by ,h5ry ,t4      
,f9ck4       #db ,egypt1 ! ,l& ( ,my/]y1
 by ,elm5dorf4       #dc ,! ,revolution1
 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t4       #dd     
,fam\s ,engli% ,poets1 by ,mabie4       
#de ,mak]s ( ,am]ican ,art1 by ,j4 ,t4  
,will+4       #df ,! ,ru9s ( ,rome1 by  
,bots=d4       #dg ,mak]s ( ,mod]n      
,op]a1 by ,h4 ,e4 ,krehbiel4       #dh  
,two ,e>ly ,g]man ,pa9t]s--,dr] &       
,holbe91 by ,f4 ,j4 ,ma!r1 ,jr4         
#di ,vi5na1 ! ,que5 ,city1 by ,elm5dorf4
       #ej ,anci5t ,a!ns1 by ,bots=d4   
#ea ,! ,b>bizon ,s*ool1 by ,hoeb]4      
#eb ,abraham ,l9coln1 by ,a4 ,b4 ,h>t4  
#ec ,george ,wa%+ton1 by ,mc,elroy4     
#ed ,mexico1 by ,fr$]ick ,palm]4        
#ee ,fam\s ,am]ican ,wom5 ,pa9t]s1 by   
,ar?ur ,hoeb]4       #ef ,! ,conque/ ( !
 ,air1 by ,woodh\se4       #eg ,c\rt    

,pa9t]s ( ,france1 by ,c(f91 ,n4 ,a4    
#eh ,holl&1 by ,elm5dorf4       #ei ,our
 ,fea!r$ ,fri5ds1 by ,e4 ,h4 ,=bu%4     
#fj ,glaci] ,national ,p>k1 by          
,hornaday4       #fa ,mi*elangelo1 by   
,cox4       #fb ,am]ican ,colonial      
,furniture1 by ,e/h] ,s+leton4       #fc
 ,am]ican ,wild ,fl[]s1 by ,eaton4      
#fd ,go?ic ,ar*itecture1 by ,w>d4       
#fe ,! ,/ory ( ! ,rh9e1 by ,elm5dorf4   
#ff ,%akespe>e1 by ,mabie4       #fg    
,am]ican ,mural ,pa9t]s1 by ,hoeb]4     
#fh ,celebrat$ ,animal ,*>act]s1 by     
,hornaday4       #fi ,japan1 by         
,elm5dorf4       #gj ,! ,/ory ( ! ,fr5* 
,revolution1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t4   
#ga ,rugs & ,rug ,mak+1 by ,mum=d4      
#gb ,alaska1 by ,br[ne4       #gc ,*>les
 ,dick5s1 by ,mabie4       #gd ,grecian 
,ma/]pieces1 by ,lorado ,taft4       #ge
 ,fa!rs ( ! ,con/itution1 by ,alb]t     
,bu%nell ,h>t4       #gf ,ma/]s ( !     
,piano1 by ,f9ck4       #gg ,am]ican    
,hi/oric ,homes1 by ,s+leton4       #gh 
,beauty ,spots ( ,india1 by ,elm5dorf4  

#gi ,et*]s & ,et*+1 by ,weit5kampf4     
#hj ,oliv] ,cromwell1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell
 ,h>t4       #ha ,*9a1 by ,elm5dorf4    
#hb ,favorite ,trees1 by ,hornaday4     
#hc ,yell[/one ,national ,p>k1 by       
,elm5dorf4       #hd ,fam\s ,wom5       
,writ]s ( ,engl&1 by ,mabie4       #he  
,pa9t]s ( ,we/]n ,life1 by ,hoeb]4      
#hf ,*9a & ,pott]y ( ,our ,=efa!rs1 by  
,e/h] ,s+leton4       #hg ,! ,/ory ( ,! 
,am]ican ,railroad1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell  
,h>t4       #hh ,butt]flies1 by ,holl&4 
#hi ,! ,philipp9e ,isl&s1 by ,worce/]4  
#ij ,great ,gall]ies ( ! ,_w--! ,l\vre1 
by ,van ,dyke4       #ia ,william ,m4   
,?ack]ay1 by ,mabie4       #ib ,! ,gr&  
,canyon1 by ,elm5dorf4       #ic        
,ar*itecture 9 ,am]ican ,c\ntry ,homes1 
by ,aym> ,embury4       #id ,! ,/ory ( !
 ,danube1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t4      
#ie ,animals 9 ,art1 by ,kobb4       #if
 ,! ,holy ,l&1 by ,elm5dorf4       #ig  
,john ,milton1 by ,mabie4       #ih     
,joan ( ,arc1 by ,ida ,m4 ,t>bell4      
#ii ,furniture ( ! ,revolution>y ,p]iod1

 by ,e/h] ,s+leton4      #ajj ,! ,r+ ( !
 ,nibelung1 by ,f9ck4      #aja ,!      
,gold5 ,age ( ,greece1 by ,bots=d4      
#ajb ,*9ese ,rugs1 by ,mum=d4      #ajc 
,! ,w> ( #ahab1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t4
      #ajd ,great ,gall]ies ( ! ,_w--,! 
,national ,gall]y1 ,london1          by 
,van ,dyke4      #aje ,ma/]s ( ! ,viol91
 by ,f9ck4      #ajf ,am]ican ,pione]   
,prose ,writ]s1 by ,mabie4      #ajg    
,old ,silv]1 by ,e/h] ,s+leton4         
#ajh ,%akespe>e's ,c\ntry1 by ,william  
,w9t]4      #aji ,hi/oric ,g>d5s ( ,new 
,engl&1 by ,m>y ,h4 ,nor!nd4      #aaj  
,! ,wea!r1 by ,c4 ,f4 ,talman4      #aaa
 ,am]ican ,poets ( ! ,soil1 by ,johnson4
      #aab ,arg5t9a1 ,newman4      #aac 
,game ,animals ( ,am]ica1 by ,hornaday4 
#aad ,raphael1 by ,van ,dyke4      #aae 
,walt] ,scott1 by ,mabie4      #aaf ,!  
,yosemite ,valley1 by ,elm5dorf4        
#aag ,john ,paul ,jones1 by ,alb]t      
,bu%nell ,h>t4      #aah ,russian       
,music1 by ,f9ck4      #aai ,*ile1 by   
,newman4      #abj ,rembr&t1 by ,van    

,dyke4      #aba ,s\!rn ,cali=nia1 by   
,c4 ,f4 ,lummis4      #abb ,keep+ ,"t1  
by ,talman4      #abc ,am]ican ,m9iature
 ,pa9t+1 by ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,l\nsb]y4   
#abd ,gems1 by ,e/h] ,s+leton4      #abe
 ,! ,or*e/ra1 by ,h5d]son4      #abf    
,brazil1 by ,e4 ,m4 ,newman4      #abg  
,! ,am]ican ,triumvirate1 by ,a4 ,b4    
,h>t4      #abh ,! ,madonna & ,*ild 9   
,art1 by ,van ,dyke4      #abi ,! ,/ory 
( ! ,am]ican ,navy1 by ,b>nes4      #acj
 ,lace & ,lace ,mak+1 by ,e/h] ,s+leton4
      #aca ,am]ican ,wat] ,color        
,pa9t]s1 by ,kobb4      #acb ,p]u1 by   
,e4 ,m4 ,newman4      #acc ,! ,/ory ( ! 
,am]ican ,army1 by ,h>t4      #acd ,our 
,planet ,neighbors1 by ,h>old ,jacoby4  
#ace ,! ,/ory ( ,russia1 by ,leo        
,pasvolsky4      #acf ,! ,/ory ( !      
,hudson1 by ,a4 ,b4 ,h>t4      #acg     
,prehi/oric ,animal ,life1 by ,dr4      
,mat!w4      #ach ,hawaii1 by ,e4 ,m4   
,newman4      #aci ,e>?quakes &         
,volcanoes1 by ,talman4      #adj ,!    
,canadian ,rockies1 by ,ru? ,k$zie      

,wood4      #ada ,corot1 by ,elliott    
,da+]field4      #adb ,bolivia1 by ,e4  
,m4 ,newman4      #adc ,russian ,art1 by
 ,william ,a4 ,c(f94      #add ,!       
,am]ican ,gov]nm5t1 by ,a4 ,b4 ,h>t4    
#ade ,*ri/mas 9 ,picture & ,/ory1 by    
,s+leton4      #adf ,! ,picture on !    
,wall1 by ,weit5kampf4      #adg        
,lafayette1 by ,alb]t ,bu%nell ,h>t4    
#adh ,am]ican ,compos]s1 by ,h5ry ,t4   
,f9ck4      #adi ,! ,luxemb\rg ,gall]y1 
by ,wm4 ,a4 ,c(f94      #aej ,julius    
,caes>1 by ,pr(4 ,george ,w4 ,bots=d4   
#aea ,! ,incas1 by ,osgood ,h>dy4       
#aeb ,rod91 by ,emile ,villem94         
#aec ,! ,columbia ,riv]1 by ,ru? ,k$zie 
,wood4      #aed ,! ,/ory ( ,coal1 by   
,c4 ,f4 ,talman4      #aee ,b5jam9      
,frankl91 by ,a4 ,b4 ,h>t4      #aef ,! 
,=e/1 by ,h5ry ,s4 ,graves4      #aeg   
,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art1 by ,s4 ,p4
 ,noe4      #aeh ,! ,cradle ( ,lib]ty1  
by ,a4 ,b4 ,h>t4      #aei ,ra9i]       
,national ,p>k1 by ,belmore ,br[ne4     
,y ne$ only mail a po/ c>d--li/+ t5 or m

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s5d ! selections ( y\r *oice1  all *>ges
 paid4 ,t5 copies1 at #bj c5ts ea*1 may 
be paid = on easy  in/allm5ts ( b #a4jj 
a mon? = two mon?s4 ,we urge y to mail  
! c>d to u today4    ,,! ,,m5tor        
,,association1 #aad-aaf ,ea/ #af?       
,/reet1 ,new ,york ,city    ,,make ,,!  
,,sp>e ,,mom5t ,,c\nt