,illustration3 ,nitts one day ,old #c days #a week #b weeks #c weeks #d weeks #e weeks #f weeks #g weeks #h weeks #i weeks #aj weeks full grown ,europeans full grown ,american ,g4 ,vander,gucht sculp4 ,a ,,treatise ,,of ,,buggs3 ,,shewing ,when and ,how they were first brought into ,england4 ,how they are brought into and infect ,houses4 ,their ,nature1 several ,foods1 ,times and ,manner of ,spawning and ,propagating in this ,climate4 ,their great ,,increase accounted for1 by ,proof of the ,numbers each ,pair produce in a ,season4 ,,reasons given why all ,attempts hitherto made for their ,destruction have proved ineffectual4 ,,vulgar ,,errors concerning them refuted4 ,that from ,september to ,march is the best ,season for their total ,destruction1 demonstrated by ,reason1 and proved by ,facts4 ,concluding with ,,directions for such as have them not already1 how to avoid them2 and for those that have them1 how to destroy them4 ,by ,,john ,,southall1 ,maker of the ,nonpareil ,liquor for destroying ,buggs and ,nits1 living at the ,green ,posts in the ,green ,walk near ,faulcon-stairs1 ,southwark4 ,the ,,second ,,edition4 ,,london3 ,printed for ,j4 ,,roberts1 near the ,oxford-,arms in ,warwick-,lane4 ,m4,,dcc4,,xxx4 7,price ,one ,shilling47 ,illustration ,,to ,sir ,,hans ,,sloane1 ,bart4 ,first ,physician in ,ordinary to ,his ,,majesty2 ,president of the ,,royal ,,society1 and also of the ,college of ,physicians4 ,,sir1 ,your ready ,condescension to peruse the following ,treatise1 and to see the ,experiments of my ,liquor1 both in regard to its bringing out1 and destroying ,buggs2 as also that of its no ways staining ,furniture2 was to me the happy ,presage of your ,favour1 and ,approbation of my ,performances4 ,the ,satisfaction of having this ,treatise and ,experiments approv'd by ,you1 the ,best of ,judges1 was to me the greatest ,honour ,i could wish for2 but the additional one1 confer'd by your introducing me to the ,royal ,society1 and there having not only their unanimous ,approbation1 but yours and their ,thanks for my ,discoveries and ,intent of publishing them1 was beyond my ,hopes1 and a ,pleasure so great1 as to be past expressing2 in regard that it dissipates all my ,fears for its ,success1 and makes me justly hope it will meet with a candid ,reception from1 and be of general ,benefit to the ,publick4 ,as to your ,goodness1 ,i must ascribe the happy ,prospect of its proving so1 ,gratitude obliges me in this manner to acknowledge it2 and to be1 ,sir1 ,your ,much-,obliged1 ,and ,most ,obedient ,servant1 ,,john ,,southall4 ,illustration ,,the ,,preface4 ,being diffident of my own ,performance1 and desirous it should stand or fall by the ,opinion of the ,best of ,judges1 was the ,motive that induced me to make my ,application to that very ,learned1 truly ,judicious and commendably ,curious ,person to whom it's dedicated3 ,at the same time determining1 that if he approv'd of it1 ,i would publish it2 and if he disapprov'd1 that ,i would burn it4 ,but it happily meeting his ,approbation1 it now makes its ,appearance in ,print3 ,tho' ,i must in ,justice to him acknowledge1 it could not have so done so soon1 nor with such ,embellishments1 had he not only forwarded the ,impression1 but directed and order'd the ,copper-plate4 ,as it has not only his ,approbation1 but also1 by his introducing it1 the unanimous ,concurrent ,approbation of 7those great ,encouragers of things useful7 the ,royal ,society2 ,i hope it will not fail of meeting a kind ,reception from the ,inhabitants in and about this ,metropolis2 by whom1 as such a ,treatise1 c4 was most wanted1 for their ,benefit and ,ease it was at first chiefly design'd4 ,tho' with such ,helps as it now has1 ,i am not without ,hopes that it may extend its ,qualities to distant infected ,places4 ,i should think it a ,duty ,incumbent on me1 and would wait on the ,venerable ,members of the aforesaid ,society1 present when my ,manuscript was read1 personally to return them my ,thanks for the ,honours conferr'd on me4 ,but as the ,names and ,places of ,abode of most are unknown to me1 ,i humbly beg they will accept this ,acknowledgement of them1 by their ,obliged and ,obedient ,servant1 ,,john ,,southall4 ,illustration ,illustration ,a ,,treatise ,,of ,,buggs4 ,as ,buggs have been known to be in ,england above sixty ,years1 and every ,season increasing so upon us1 as to become terrible to almost every ,inhabitant in and about this ,metropolis1 it were greatly to be wished that some more learned ,person than my self1 studious for the ,good of ,human ,kind1 and the ,improvement of natural ,knowledge1 would have oblig'd the ,town with some ,treatise1 ,discourse or ,lecture on that nauseous venomous ,insect4 ,but as none such have attempted it1 and ,i have ever since my return from ,america made their destruction my ,profession1 and was at first much baffled in my ,attempts for want1 7as ,i then believ'd1 and have since found7 of truly knowing the ,nature of those intolerable ,vermin3 ,i determined by all means possible to try if ,i could discover and find out as much of their ,nature1 ,feeding and ,breeding1 as might be conducive to my being better able to destroy them4 ,and tho' in attempting it ,i must own ,i had a ,view at private ,gain1 as well as the publick ,good2 yet ,i hope my ,design will appear laudable1 and the ,event answer both ,ends4 ,the late ,learned and truly ,valuable ,dr4 ,woodward1 to whom ,i first communicated my ,intent1 not only approv'd the ,design1 but also the ,methods which1 ,i told him1 ,i design'd to pursue1 to attain the desired ,effects3 and at the same time was so good to give me some useful ,hints and ,instructions1 the better to accomplish an ,affair1 which he said 'twas his ,opinion would be a general ,good4 ,not to make this ,acknowledgement of his kind ,assistance1 would be ,ingratitude to my dear deceas'd ,friend4 ,as ,i had his ,approbation at the beginning1 had he but liv'd till now1 ,i doubt not but the ,discoveries ,i have made would have appear'd so considerable and useful1 as might have entitled me to his farther ,friendship and ,assistance1 in methodizing this ,treatise for ,publication4 ,but depriv'd of him1 my first and greatest ,encourager1 ,i have ventur'd to let it appear in the best ,dress my ,capacity will admit4 ,should the ,stile and my ,manner of handling the ,subject to be treated of1 appear uncouth and displease1 ,i hope the ,usefulness of it to the ,publick will make some amends for that ,defect4 ,in treating on these ,insects1 some part of the ,discourse may perhaps at first ,view appear surprizing1 if not incredible to the ,readers3 ,but by giving them an account how ,i attain'd my ,knowledge1 and by often reiterated ,experiments prov'd them to be certain ,facts1 they will soon alter their ,opinion2 and the whole1 ,i hope1 will not only be acceptable1 diverting and instructive to the ,readers1 but also of universal ,benefit to the ,inhabitants in and about ,london and ,westminster4 ,this ,treatise being on a ,subject as much wanted as any whatever1 and the ,pains and ,trouble ,i have taken to arrive at my ,knowledge herein1 having been uncommon2 it may be expected by the ,curious1 that ,i should give some of the ,reasons that first induced me to undertake a ,discovery so very difficult to appearance4 ,it may not therefore be unnecessary to acquaint such1 that in the ,year #agbf1 my ,affairs requiring my going to the ,west-,indies1 ,i had not been long there arrived1 before1 7the ,climate not agreeing with my ,constitution7 ,i fell sick1 had a ,complication of the ,country ,distempers1 lost the ,use of my ,limbs1 and was given over by the best ,physicians at ,kingstown in ,jamaica4 ,but1 contrary to their ,expectation1 recovering a little1 they advis'd me to stay no longer in a ,country1 so prejudicial and dangerous to me1 than till ,i could get ,shipping for ,england2 and in the mean time desired that as often as ,i was able1 ,i would ride out for the ,benefit of the ,air2 which as soon as ,i had ,strength enough1 ,i did4 ,in one of my ,journeys meeting with an uncommon ,negro1 the ,hair or 7rather7 ,wooll on his ,head1 ,beard1 and ,breast being as white as ,snow1 ,i stopt my ,horse to look on him2 and he coming1 as their way is1 to beg a little ,tobacco1 ,i gave it1 and enquir'd if he had been always so white-hair'd4 ,he answer'd1 no2 but ,age had made him so4 ,observing that he moved briskly1 had no ,wrinkles1 and all his ,teeth1 ,i told him ,i could not believe him to be very old1 at the same time desiring to know his ,age4 ,his ,answer was1 he knew not himself2 but this he knew1 that he was one of the first ,slaves brought into that ,island1 after the ,english had taken it in ,oliver ,cromwell's time1 and was then a great ,boy4 ,by this account ,i judged1 and might reasonably suppose him upwards of ninety ,years of ,age4 ,whilst we were in discourse1 he perceiving me often rub and scratch1 where my ,face and ,eyes were much swelled with ,bugg-,bites1 asked if ,chintses1 7so ,buggs are by ,negroes and some others there called7 had bit me8 ,on my answering1 yes2 he said1 he wonder'd white ,men should let them bite2 they should do something to kill them1 as he did4 ,this unexpected ,expression excited in me a ,curiosity to have farther ,discourse with him2 and on my telling him1 that for my part ,i should be extreme glad to know how to destroy those ,disturbers of my ,rest1 and that if he would tell me how1 ,i would give him some more ,tobacco and a ,bit1 7a ,piece of ,spanish ,money1 there current at ,seven-pence ,half-,penny37 ,on this he agreed to give me a ,calibash full of ,liquor1 which he said would certainly do it1 following the ,directions he gave me4 ,possess'd of this1 well pleas'd ,i went home1 and tho' much fatigued1 ,i could not forbear using some of it before ,i went to sleep2 and to my surprize1 the instant ,i applied it1 vast ,numbers did1 7as he had told me they would7 come out of their ,holes1 and die before my face4 ,these ,i swept up1 threw away1 and went to ,bed1 and had much better ,rest than usual1 not being ,bugg-bit then1 as ,i always was before4 ,but what added to my ,satisfaction1 and further surpriz'd me1 was1 that when ,i got up ,i found many more had come out in the ,night and were dead4 ,on this1 ,i conceiv'd so great an ,opinion of the ,goodness and ,usefulness of this ,liquor1 that ,i was resolved to endeavour1 and if possible to prevail on him to teach me how to make it2 well knowing so valuable a ,secret was much wanted1 and would be highly useful1 if ,i lived to return to ,england4 ,in order to obtain it1 ,i got some ,english ,beef1 ,pork1 ,biscuit and ,beer1 and some ,tobacco1 believing those sooner than ,money or any other thing would procure from the ,negro1 what ,i so much wanted and desired4 ,the next day early ,i went1 and finding my ,negro in his ,hutt1 ,i asked if he could dress me some ,victuals4 ,on his replying1 yes1 if he had it2 ,i open'd my ,store-,bags1 took out one ,piece of ,beef1 some ,biscuits and a ,bottle of ,beer1 taking care at the same time he should see the rest4 ,we eat a ,biscuit1 drank some ,beer1 and to dressing the ,beef with some ,yams out of his ,plantation1 he eagerly went3 all ,negroes being greedy of ,flesh1 when they can come at it2 some of them not eating any for many ,years together1 but live altogether on the ,produce of the ,earth4 ,whilst he was intent on ,cooking and in a good ,humour1 ,i took the ,opportunity of telling him1 ,i had used and so well approved of his ,liquor1 that if he would learn me how to make it1 all the ,victuals and ,tobacco in the ,bags1 and what ,liquor we did not drink whilst ,i staid1 ,i would give to him1 as a ,recompence for the ,favour4 ,at first he refused1 believing me 7as ,i found by his discourse7 to be a ,creolian1 whom the ,negroes in general hate2 but upon my convincing him ,i was an ,englishman1 and returning home1 the good ,chear prevail'd4 ,after eating together1 into the ,woods and ,savannahs we went1 to gather such of the ,materials as grew not on his ,plantation1 or that he had not by him2 and returning to his ,hutt1 to making the ,liquor he went4 ,i remark'd well1 and set down the ,names1 ,quantities1 and his way of making and mixing the ,composition2 which being done1 all the ,bottles we emptied of ,beer were fill'd with the ,liquor2 with which ,i return'd to ,kingstown1 being as well pleas'd with my ,discovery1 as the ,negro was with my ,presents4 ,having thus obtain'd my most material ,point1 ,i could not yet forbear going every time ,i rode out1 to see and discourse my ,negro1 and never went empty-handed1 being desirous to try if ,i could discover any thing further from him or of him1 and how he attain'd the great ,knowledge ,i found he had in the medicinal ,virtues of ,roots1 ,plants1 c4 ,he inform'd me1 that during about fifty ,years that he was a ,slave 7in which time six of his ,masters had died7 he oft wish'd for ,death1 and sought no means to preserve ,life1 and was then so infirm1 as to be thought by his seventh ,master to be past labour2 and having been a good and faithful ,slave1 his said ,master gave him his ,freedom1 and the piece of ,ground ,i found him upon1 to live on4 ,that ,liberty having render'd ,life more agreeable to him1 he then studied all means to preserve it1 and having some knowledge of things proper to preserve as well as support him1 he had ever since planted1 c4 in his ,plantation1 things proper for ,physick as well as ,food4 ,and indeed his ,ground might be called a ,physick-,garden1 rather than a ,provision-,plantation2 for of the latter he only raised enough to support himself1 of the former to supply others as well as himself1 and frequently made ,medicines for his sick ,acquaintance and others with success4 ,this ,account ,i had of him from many1 as well as from himself2 which made me entertain so good an opinion of his ,skill and ,fidelity1 that ,i ventur'd to take a ,medicine made by him1 by the use of which ,i found great ,benefit in the restoring me to the ,use of my ,limbs4 ',twas owing to his ,skill that he had thus preserv'd himself to so great an ,age2 and 'tis my ,opinion1 he had attain'd to a greater knowledge of the physical ,use of the ,vegetables of that ,country1 than any illiterate ,person ever had done before him4 ,believing some of the ,materials not to be had in ,europe1 ,i procured of him a quantity1 and soon after returned to ,england4 ,on my arrival at ,london in ,august #agbg1 ,i made some ,liquor to compare with his1 7which ,i found exactly the same7 whereupon ,i set about destroying of ,buggs1 and found to my ,satisfaction1 that wherever ,i apply'd it1 it brought out and kill'd 'em all4 ,at length ,i advertis'd1 had great business1 and pleased every body1 then apprehending no return of the ,vermin4 ,but yet1 to my surprize1 tho' ,i had kill'd all the old ones1 young ones sometimes1 in some places1 would appear4 ,to my ,liquor's being then so strong and oleous1 that ,i durst not venture to liquor the ,furniture for fear of damaging it1 ,i at first attributed the coming of those young ,buggs4 ,whereupon ,i studied to find an ,allay for that ,quality2 which at length1 after many ,experiments1 and with much difficulty1 ,i found out1 and to such a perfection1 that ,i can and do with safety liquor the richest of ,furniture1 as well as the ,wood-work of ,beds2 and tho' the staining ,quality be taken off1 the valuable attractive and destructive parts of the ,composition still retain their full ,virtue4 ,having gain'd this great ,point1 ,i then went on briskly1 and destroyed ,buggs and ,nits in all ,beds and ,furniture wherever ,i came3 ,but yet ,young ,ones from behind ,wainscot and out of ,walls would sometimes afterwards appear1 get to the ,beds for better quarters and food1 and become troublesome4 ,this much perplex'd me2 but these unforeseen and then unknown ,difficulties1 which might have discouraged a less enterprizing ,genius1 prompted me the more to find the ,cause and ,means to overcome them2 which ,i conjectur'd might best be done1 by finding their ,nature and ,method of ,breeding1 ,feeding1 c4 ,in order to it1 ,i enquir'd of many ,booksellers1 if any ,book concerning them had ever been published2 but finding none1 ,i then made it my business to discourse as many learned1 curious1 and antient ,men as ,i possibly could1 concerning them2 but all that ever ,i could gather from either1 was the following ,account1 how and when they were first known to be brought and to breed in ,england4 ,viz4 8,that soon after the ,fire of ,london1 in some of the new-built ,houses they were observ'd to appear1 and were never noted to have been seen in the old1 tho' they were then so few1 as to be little taken notice of2 yet as they were only seen in ,firr-,timber1 'twas conjectur'd they were then first brought to ,england in them2 of which most of the new ,houses were partly built1 instead of the good ,oak destroy'd in the old40 ,in the above ,account of their first coming1 ,esquire ,pitfield and ,mr4 ,white1 a ,chymist1 ,men of great ,probity and ,curiosity1 agreed4 ,and as the ,sap of ,deal is one of their beloved ,foods1 this probably might be the first way they were brought4 ,how they are still brought1 ,i shall speak to more fully hereafter1 in my ,instructions to avoid them4 ,finding no satisfactory ,account of their ,nature1 ,breeding1 and ,feeding1 to be come at from others1 ,i was resolved assiduously to set about and try all possible ways to attain it myself4 ,my first ,step was to purchase and try ,microscopes1 and all such ,helps as could be got1 and to devise such others as might contribute thereto2 by which ,i am enabled to give you the following ,descriptions of ,buggs1 c4 which the better to illustrate1 is annexed from a ,copper-,plate1 curiously engraven by the famous ,mr4 ,vandergucht1 the different ,species and ,sizes of ,buggs1 as well as one correctly and finely magnified4 ,i was not so fond of my own ,performance1 as to think my ,treatise merited so great an ,ornament4 ,but as the ,learned and ,judicious ,sir ,,hans ,,sloane had done me the ,honour to peruse and approve of my ,manuscript1 and thought it worthy thereof1 and also desired and directed the doing the said ,plate by so good a ,hand2 ,i should have been wanting to myself1 had ,i not1 in deference and respect to his ,opinion and ,request1 annex'd the same4 99 99 99 99 99 ,a ,bugg's ,body is shaped and shelled1 and the ,shell as transparent and finely striped as the most beautiful amphibious ,turtle2 has six ,legs most exactly shaped1 jointed and bristled as the ,legs of a ,crab4 ,its ,neck and ,head much resembles a ,toad's4 ,on its ,head are three ,horns picqued and bristled2 and at the end of their ,nose they have a ,sting sharper and much smaller than a ,bee's4 ,the ,use of their ,horns is in ,fight to assail their ,enemies1 or defend themselves4 ,with the ,sting they penetrate and wound our ,skins1 and then 7tho' the ,wound is so small as to be almost imperceptible7 they thence by ,suction extract their most delicious ,food1 our ,blood4 ,this ,sucking the ,wound so given1 is what we improperly call biting us4 ,by often nightly watching and daily observing them with the best of ,helps1 having discover'd ,males from ,females1 ,i determin'd1 and then did put up a ,pair in a ,glass1 as believing that to keep them the ,year round1 would be the only and best way to find the ,nature of their breeding1 feeding1 c4 and be a means to discover what had occasion'd the ,difficulties ,i had met with in my ,endeavours and ,practice of destroying them4 ,as the ,thought was propos1 and the ,event having answer'd ,expectation1 ,i shall now inform you of my ,observations and ,discoveries thereby made4 ,as ,i put up the ,pair aforesaid1 so did ,i another ,pair that day ,fortnight1 and so every ,fortnight for eighteen ,months1 did ,i put up others1 with various ,foods4 ,the first1 second1 third1 and fourth ,pair lived1 but did not presently breed1 it not being then their ,season of so doing3 ,but in about ten ,days after ,i put up the fifth ,pair1 they all spawn'd much about the time of each other2 and in about three ,weeks the ,spawn came to life4 ,of the ,spawn and different ,gradations of ,buggs1 ,i shall now give you an exact ,account4 ,the ,eggs or ,nits are white1 and having when spawn'd a clammy glutinous ,substance1 they flick to any thing spawn'd upon1 and by ,heat come to ,maturity and ,life4 ,the ,eggs are oval1 and as small as the smallest ,maw-feed4 ,buggs of one day old1 are white as ,milk4 ,at three days old1 are ,cream-colour'd4 ,at one ,week old1 are ,straw-colour'd4 ,at two ,weeks1 are of the same ,colour1 with a red ,list down the ,back4 ,at three ,weeks1 ,list ,copper ,colour4 ,at four ,weeks1 ,list ,browner4 ,at five ,weeks1 ,list deeper ,brown4 ,at six ,weeks1 the ,sides brown1 and the ,list hardly discernible4 ,at seven ,weeks1 they come to be of their proper ,colour1 all over brown4 ,at eight ,weeks1 they grow bigger4 ,nine ,weeks1 ,ditto4 ,ten ,weeks1 ,ditto4 ,at eleven ,weeks1 they are full grown4 ,vide the ,plate done from ,europeans bred3 under which is a single one longer and larger1 than our full-grown1 being a full-grown ,american bred4 ',tis needless to give the ,gradations of that ,species1 because when they spawn and breed here1 the ,young degenerate1 and are of the ,european ,size4 ,as ,i wrote down the ,time ,i put up all ,pairs for breeding1 and also the ,times they spawn'd1 and observ'd and set down the ,numbers they generally spawn'd2 ,i found by my account of above forty ,pair so put up with various ,foods1 not only their best-beloved ,foods1 but also their ,method of ,breeding2 of which1 to render my ,observations of publick ,service1 ,i shall give you an account4 ,viz4 ,their beloved ,foods are ,blood1 dry'd ,paste1 ,size1 ,deal1 ,beach1 ,osier1 and some other ,woods1 the ,sap of which they suck2 and on any one of these will they live the ,year round4 ,oak1 ,walnut1 ,cedar and ,mahogoney they will not feed upon2 all ,pairs ,i put up with those ,woods for ,food1 having been soon starved to death4 ,wild ,buggs are watchful and cunning1 and tho' timorous of us1 yet in fight one with another1 are very fierce2 ,i having often seen some 7that ,i brought up from a day old1 always inur'd to ,light and ,company7 fight as eagerly as ,dogs or ,cocks1 and sometimes one or both have died on the ,spot4 ,from those so brought up tame1 ,i made the greatest ,discoveries4 ,they are hot in ,nature1 generate often1 and shoot their ,spawn all at once1 and then leave it1 as ,fish do4 ,they generally spawn about fifty at a time1 of which ,spawn about forty odd in about three ,weeks time usually1 7but sometimes two or three days more or less1 according as the ,weather proves more or less hot7 come to life2 the ,residue proving addle1 as do often the ,eggs of ,hens1 c4 ,thus they spawn four times in a ,season2 viz4 in ,march1 ,may1 ,july1 and ,september3 by which 'tis apparent to a ,demonstration1 that from every ,pair that lives out the ,season1 about two hundred ,eggs or ,nits are produc'd2 and that out of them1 one hundred and sixty1 or one hundred and seventy1 come to ,life and ,perfection4 ,some of the first ,breed ,i have known to spawn the same ,season they were hatched2 but so few in ,quantity1 and those so weakly1 that the ,winter killed them4 ,i have also observed that in ,rooms where constant ,fires have been kept ,night and ,day1 they have been so brisk and stout as to spawn in the ,depth of ,winter3 but of all the ,spawn ,i ever saw between ,september and ,march1 not one ever came to ,life4 ,this plainly evinces1 that ,natural ,heat only produces ,life in the ,spawn1 and that ,artificial cannot4 99 99 99 99 99 ,thus having shewn plainly the ,number each ,pair annually produce1 ,i hope their great ,increase is so sufficiently accounted for1 that it need no more be wonder'd at4 ,and having also shewn their seven ,months ,season of ,breeding1 if 'tis admitted1 as ,i think 'tis plainly apparent1 that in the other five ,months1 viz4 from ,september to ,march1 when there is no such thing as ,spawn but what is addle1 and consequently cannot come to ,maturity2 it then naturally follows1 that the ,winter is the best ,season for their total ,destruction3 which ,i shall make more fully appear presently1 but must first refute two vulgar ,errors4 ,the first is1 ,that many ,people imagine they are dead in ,winter4 ,this is a ,notion so absurd1 that it would hardly be worth mentioning1 had ,i not by ,experience found it had prevail'd with many ,people of ,sense and ,learning1 as well as the ,vulgar and ,illiterate4 ,the many ,experiments by me shown at the ,hospitals in the hardest ,frosts last ,winter1 and in the ,houses of the ,nobility and ,gentry1 and to ,sir ,,hans ,,sloane the #cjth of ,december #agbi1 will1 ,i hope1 be deem'd a sufficient ,refutation of that ,error3 ,for in the coldest ,seasons the ,application of my ,liquor with a ,feather only1 made the ,vermin bolt out of their ,holes1 and die before their faces4 ,this they will do all the ,year round in the coldest or hottest ,weather4 ,and ,i have seen1 and do assert1 they do bite in the cold as well as hot ,seasons3 but as our ,blood is not so apt to inflame in ,winter as in ,summer1 their ,bites make but little ,impression1 and are consequently the less regarded4 ,the second and most prevailing ,error is1 ,that ,buggs bite some ,persons1 and not others3 ,when in ,reality they bite every ,human ,body that comes in their way2 and this ,i will undertake plainly to demonstrate by ,reason4 ,it is generally observ'd and granted1 that a ,person under an ill ,habit of ,body1 if he receives a small ,cut or ,wound1 so slight as to be at first thought a ,trifle1 such ,person's ,wound by reason of such ill ,habit shall be attended with ,inflammations and other dangerous ,symptons1 and be longer under ,cure than ,wounds1 which when first receiv'd were larger1 and consequently thought more dangerous4 ,these ,wounds shall be immediately healed on ,persons in good ,habit of ,body1 such good ,habit preventing any ,inflammations4 ,and as ,fevers1 and ,swellings attending and prolonging the ,cure of ,fractures1 are accounted for the same way2 why may it not by the same parity of ,reason be admitted1 that the ,bite or ,wound of a ,bugg should swell and inflame such only whose ,blood is out of order2 and tho' they do bite1 cause no ,inflammations on any in right order of ,blood8 ,the best ,reason which can be given in support of this ,error1 is1 ,that where two ,persons lie in one ,bed1 one shall be apparently bit1 the other not4 ,buggs indeed1 where there are two ,sorts1 may feed most on that ,blood which best pleases their ,palate2 but that they do taste the other also1 to me is apparent3 ,and whenever that ,bedfellow who is most liked by ,buggs shall lie from home1 the other will so sensibly feel the effects to be as above1 that they will no longer think themselves bite-free4 ,of this ,i am sensible1 that ,i daily am bit when practising and at work in my ,business1 destroying them2 and as they never swell me but when out of order1 from thence ,i infer1 that not only myself1 but all such who are among ,buggs1 and do not swell with their ,bites1 are certainly in good ,habit of ,body4 ,but to return to my ,subject4 ,having shewn that they not only live in ,winter1 but asserted that to be the best ,season for their total ,destruction1 ,i must further observe1 that few ,people caring to trouble themselves about ,buggs but when they themselves are troubled by them1 having confin'd the ,attempts for their ,destruction chiefly to the ,breeding-,season1 has been the sole ,reason why the best ,efforts for their ,destruction have fail'd4 ,i do admit innumerable ,quantities have been destroy'd1 and much good has and may be done in ,summer3 but should every old ,bugg then be destroy'd1 you are yet not safe2 for the ,nits behind ,wainscot and in ,walls1 which cannot be come at1 will by heat come to life1 and your work is partly to be done over again4 ,whereas1 on the contrary1 if cleared out of ,spawning-time1 there is a certainty1 as there is then no ,nits1 that their ,offspring cannot plague you thereafter4 ',tis for this ,reason ,i warrant what ,i do in ,winter2 which ,i cannot pretend to do in ,summer4 ,in ,summer indeed ,i do destroy all ,buggs and ,nits too in ,beds and their ,furniture1 but ,buggs only behind ,wainscot and in ,walls3 for tho' my ,liquor has an attractive as well as the destructive ,quality1 and thereby does bring out and destroy every live ,bugg2 yet their ,nits being inanimate1 cannot come to the ,liquor1 nor the ,liquor at them4 ,such ,nits therefore will come to life by heat1 and quit the ,walls and ,wainscot for better ,quarters and ,food in the ,bed1 and so become troublesome to you4 99 99 99 99 99 ,having thus given1 ,i hope1 a satisfactory ,account of this nauseous1 venomous ,vermin1 ,i shall proceed to shew how they are daily brought to ,england1 and into ,houses commonly2 then give some necessary ,cautions how to avoid them1 and ,directions how to destroy them4 ,as these ,insects abound in all foreign ,parts1 especially in hotter ,climates more than they do here2 'tis on that account all ,trading ,ships are so over-run with them1 that hardly any one thing1 if examin'd1 will be found free4 ,and as by ,shipping they were doubtless first brought to ,england1 so are they now daily brought4 ,this to me is apparent1 because not one ,sea-,port in ,england is free2 whereas in ,inland-,towns1 ,buggs are hardly known4 ,this ,metropolis therefore1 as having the greatest ,number of ,shipping1 has had the greatest ,number imported1 and consequently bred in it4 ,you that are free1 and would avoid a foreign ,supply in your ,houses1 examine well all things from on board ,ships before you admit them into ,lodging-,rooms4 ,chests and ,casks1 ,linnens1 and ,paper1 being stiffened with ,paste1 afford them ,food1 and are consequently most dangerous4 ,if you have occasion to change ,servants1 let their ,boxes1 ,trunks1 c4 be well examin'd before carried into your ,rooms1 lest their coming from infected ,houses should prove dangerous to yours4 ,examine well all ,furniture that comes in1 before you set it up1 ,beds especially2 which ,i recommend should be plain1 and as free from ,wood-work as possible1 and made to draw out1 that the ,wainscot and ,walls may be better come at1 to clear them from ,buggs and ,dirt4 ,deal ,head-,boards1 and ,head-,cloths lined with ,deal1 or ,rails of that ,wood1 avoid4 ,also ,beach-,bedsteds1 for all such afford them much ,harbour and ,food4 ,if for ,ornament you use ,lace1 let it be sewed1 not pasted on1 for ,paste they love much4 ,oak-,bedsteds1 and plain ,wainscot ,head-,boards1 and ,tester-,rails of that ,wood1 allow them the least ,harbour1 and no ,food2 such therefore ,i recommend4 ,if you put out your ,linnen to wash1 let no ,washer-woman's ,basket be brought into your ,houses2 for they often prove as dangerous to those that have no ,buggs1 as ,cradles1 and ,bugg-,traps made of the same ,wood1 often do to those that have them3 for the ,wood they are made of1 affords them much ,convenience of ,harbour1 and great ,nourishment4 ,upholsterers are often blamed in ,bugg-,affairs2 the only ,fault ,i can lay to their ,charge1 is their ,folly1 or rather ,inadvertency1 in suffering old ,furniture1 when they have taken it down1 because it was buggy1 to be brought into their ,shops or ,houses1 among new and free ,furniture1 to infect them4 ,builders are more blameable than they3 for in ,houses built for ,sale1 old ,wainscot-,doors1 ,chimney-,pieces1 c4 are oft put up for ,cheapness1 painted over1 and pass for new2 thus the ,houses in ,hanover and ,grosvenor-,squares1 c4 were supplied before inhabited4 ,in taking of ,houses1 new or old1 and in buying ,bedsteds1 ,furniture1 c4 examine carefully if you can find ,bugg-marks4 ,if you find such1 though you see not the ,vermin1 you may assure yourself they are nevertheless infected4 99 99 99 99 99 ,to such as have1 and would destroy them1 ,i shall now proceed to give full ,directions4 ,in order to do it effectually1 and to lessen your trouble1 the first necessary thing to be known1 is their ,marks4 ,buggs1 tho' nasty to us1 are so cleanly to themselves1 that they quit their places of ,harbour to come out and dung1 and their ,excrements leave a ,mark or ,stain like that of a ,fly1 but somewhat blacker2 and wherever you see such ,marks1 if on ,wood1 look for the nearest ,crevise1 ,knot1 or ,streak2 if on ,walls1 for the nearest ,crack or ,hole2 if on ,furniture1 for the nearest ,seam1 ,lace1 ,tape1 or ,fold1 and there assuredly are the ,vermin1 and there apply the ,remedy4 ,in ,winter-time1 few1 if any1 are to be found by day-light in the ,furniture of a ,bed2 but in the ,wood-work1 ,wainscot1 or ,walls only4 ,in the ,summer they are all over1 and every ,lace1 ,tape1 ,seam and ,fold must be examin'd1 as well as the ,crevises1 ,joints1 and ,carving in the ,wood-work1 for the ,marks1 and the ,remedy applied accordingly4 ,in ,winter-time1 though they lie in pretty close ,quarters1 yet are they easily destroy'd with any thing that will attract or entice them to it4 ,if no such thing you have1 give me leave to recommend my ,liquor2 on the ,application of which1 at all ,seasons of the ,year1 they will come out1 and immediately die before your ,face4 ,in ,summer they lie in more open ,quarters1 and spread1 and then are not in any measure to be reduced1 but by such ,liquors as you may safely touch the ,furniture with all over3 if none such you have1 you may depend that mine will not stain or any way hurt the richest ,velvet1 ,silk1 or ,stuff1 not even ,scarlet1 which almost every thing else will do4 ,on account of these excellent ,qualifications1 the ,liquor has its ,name of ,nonpareil1 and of this1 if minded to do it yourself1 you may have a ,bottle for #b s4 sufficient for a common ,bed1 with plain ,directions how to use it effectually4 ,if the ,trouble of doing it your selves be disagreeable to you1 you may have it expeditiously done by me or my ,servants1 and your ,beds1 or such ,part as is necessary1 taken down and put up again in full as good1 if not better ,order1 than they were before1 and alter'd1 7if ,i see ,opportunity or ,occasion7 and made to draw out1 on my usual easy ,terms4 ,as ,i have occasionally mention'd what ,sort of ,beds ,i would have you avoid1 give me leave to add and assure you1 that ,beds may be made full as warm as usual1 and very ornamental1 and yet be so very handy1 as that any one of your own ,servants might take all down and clear them of ,buggs1 ,dirt1 and ,dust1 and put them up again in a quarter of an ,hour2 and to this ,fashion most ,beds may be alter'd1 several ,persons having lately done so by my ,directions to their very great ,satisfaction4 ,those that have a mind to have new ,beds thus made1 or old ones alter'd1 are to observe1 ,that the ,head-posts of the ,bedsted are to be no higher than just to support a ,wainscot ,head-board1 the ,tester-lath supports the ,rod as usual2 in the ,rail are to be nine ,holes drilled in1 but not quite thro'2 the two at the ,head1 to take off and hang on1 7at ,pleasure17 two ,upholders drove into the ,wainscot or ,wall2 in the other seven1 thro' ,eye-let ,holes1 at proper ,distances in the ,tester-cloth1 are to be seven ,balls or carved ,branches to keep the ,tester-,cloth tight2 to which the ,head-cloth1 and inside and outside ,vallens are to be fixed3 so that by taking the ,lath of the ,upholders1 and taking out the ,balls1 they all come off together2 and thus made1 may be commodiously and immediately clear'd1 clean'd1 and put up again1 to fasten on the ,head-board3 ,and keep your ,head-cloth down tight in its ,place and ,form4 ,you have ,hooks and ,eyes to take on and off at ,pleasure4 99 99 99 99 99 ,persons wanting to be clear'd and kept free of those nauseous venomous ,vermin1 shall be attended by the ,author on the following ,terms1 viz4 ,to clear a ,bed-sted with ,moulding-,tester1 ,wood ,head-,cloth1 ,head-board and its ,furniture1 #aj s4 #f d4 ,bed-steds with single-rais'd ,tester1 ,moulding1 ,head-,cloth1 ,board and ,furniture1 or ,chair-beds and ,furniture1 #h s4 each4 ,bed-steds with ditto ,tester1 plain ,head-cloth1 cover'd ,head-board and ,furniture2 and ,field-beds and ,furniture1 at #g s4 each4 ,four-post ,bed-steds1 or ,canopy-beds1 with plain ,furniture1 #f s4 each4 ,press-beds1 ,chest of ,drawers ,beds and ,bed-steds1 without ,furniture1 #e s4 each4 ,wainscot ,walls1 ,hangings1 c4 behind and near the ,bed-sted are clear'd with the ,beds at the above ,prices3 but if spread all over the ,room and ,furniture1 then an additional ,price is expected4 ,for ,expedition and ,safety1 and to prevent ,trouble to his ,customers1 or ,impositions on them or himself1 the ,author takes his own ,servants with him1 to take down and put up such ,parts of ,beds1 ,wainscot1 ,hangings1 c4 as he finds necessary2 and always puts them up in full as good1 if not better ,order1 than he finds them4 ,of his ,servants he has good ,security1 and will be answerable to his ,customers1 for their ,fidelity4 ,n4 ,b4 ,if he any ways damages the ,furniture1 he will pay for the same4 99 99 99 99 99 ,persons about taking ,houses1 ,lodgings1 or buying ,furniture1 paying for ,surveying1 shall be attended1 and at first ,view be justly and truly inform'd if the ,premisses be ,buggy1 or free from ,buggs1 by ,,john ,,southall1 ,at the ,green-posts in the ,green-walk near ,faulcon-stairs1 ,southwark4 ,,finis4 ,illustration ,just publish'd1 7the ,fifth ,edition of17 ,i4 ,a ,dissertation concerning ,,misletoe3 ,a most wonderful ,specifick ,remedy for the ,cure of ,convulsive ,distempers4 ,calculated for the ,benefit of the ,poor as well as the ,rich1 and heartily recommended for the ,common ,good of ,mankind4 ,to which is added1 ,a ,,second ,,part1 containing farther ,remarks and ,observations4 ,by ,sir ,,john ,,colbatch1 a ,member of the ,college of ,physicians4 ,price #a s4 ,printed for ,j4 ,,roberts1 in ,warwick-,lane4 ,where may be had1 7,the ,second ,edition of17 ,,ii4 ,the ,natural ,history of ,,chocolate3 ,being a ,distinct and ,particular ,account of the ,,cocoa-,,tree1 its ,growth and ,culture1 and the ,preparation1 ,excellent ,properties1 and ,medicinal ,vertues of its ,fruit4 ,wherein the ,errors of those who have wrote upon this ,subject are discover'd2 the ,best ,way of making ,,chocolate is explain'd1 and several ,uncommon ,,medicines drawn from it1 are communicated4 ,translated from the last ,,edition of the ,french1 by ,r4 ,,brookes1 ,m4 ,d4 ,price #a s4 #f d4 ,books lately ,published4 ,i4 ,a ,sure ,method of ,improving ,estates1 by ,plantations of ,oak1 ,elm1 ,ash1 ,beech1 and other ,timber-,trees1 ,coppice-,woods1 c4 ,wherein is demonstrated the ,necessity and ,advantages thereof2 their ,manner of raising1 cultivating1 felling1 c4 in all ,kinds of ,soils1 whereby ,estates may be greatly improv'd4 ,by ,batty ,langley of ,twickenham4 ,beautifully printed1 #hvo4 ,price #d s4 ,,ii4 ,the ,true ,state of ,england4 ,containing the particular ,duty1 ,business1 and ,salary of every ,officer1 ,civil and ,military1 in all the publick ,offices of ,great ,britain4 ,as also complete ,lists of the ,lords and ,gentlemen of his ,majesty's most ,honourable ,privy ,council3 ,of their ,majesties ,housholds3 ,of the ,housholds of the ,prince of ,wales1 and the rest of the ,royal ,family3 ,and of the great ,officers of ,state1 c4 ,together with an ,account of the ,government of the ,cities of ,london and ,westminster2 with the ,names of the ,magistrates1 ,principal ,officers1 c4 ,the ,whole in a more ,exact and ,correct ,manner1 than any ,performance of this ,kind for several ,years past4 ,price #b s4 #f d4 ,,iii4 ,the ,works of ,john ,sheffield1 ,earl of ,mulgrave1 ,marquis of ,normanby1 and ,duke of ,buckingham1 in ,prose and ,verse2 with his ,character and ,last ,will4 ,adorn'd with ,head-,pieces and ,tail-,pieces1 neatly engraved4 ,in two ,beautiful ,volumes1 #hvo4 ,price #ab s4 ,n4 ,b4 ,the ,character and ,last ,will may be had alone4 ,price #a s4 ,,iv4 ,,pomona1 or the ,fruit-,garden ,illustrated3 ,containing sure ,methods for ,improving all the best ,kinds of ,fruits now extant in ,england4 ,calculated from great ,variety of ,experiments made in all ,kinds of ,soils and ,aspects3 ,wherein the ,manner of ,raising young ,stocks1 ,grafting1 ,inoculating1 ,planting1 c4 are clearly and fully demonstrated4 ,with ,directions1 #a4 ,for ,pruning2 wherein the ,reasons1 ,manner1 and ,consequences thereof are clearly demonstrated4 #b4 ,for ,nailing2 wherein the true ,distances that the ,branches of ,fruit-,trees are to be laid upon the ,walls1 are set forth3 ,being a most important and useful ,discovery unknown to ,gardeners in general4 #c4 ,for preserving their ,blossoms from the ,injuries of ,frosts1 ,winds1 c4 #d4 ,rules for the ,thinning of their young-sett ,fruits1 so as to leave no more than ,nature can strongly support1 and ripen in the greatest ,perfection4 #e4 ,for preserving and ordering young ,fruits from their ,blossoms to the time of their ,maturity4 #f4 ,to give them their true ,taste and ,colour when fully grown1 ,season of ,ripening1 ,manner of ,gathering1 ,preserving1 c4 ,likewise several practical ,observations on the imbibing ,power and ,perspirations of ,fruit-,trees2 the several ,effects of ,heat and ,moisture tending to the ,growth and ,maturity of ,fruits4 ,to which is added1 a curious ,account of the most valuable ,cyder-,fruits of ,devonshire4 ,the whole illustrated with above three hundred ,drawings of the several ,fruits1 curiously engraven on seventy-nine large ,folio ,plates4 ,by ,batty ,langley of ,twickenham4 ,price #a l4 #ae s4 ,v4 ,horace's ,satires1 ,epistles1 and ,art of ,poetry1 done into ,english1 with ,notes1 by ,s4 ,dunster1 ,d4 ,d4 ,prebendary of ,sarum4 ,sermoni ,propiora4 ,lib4 #a4 ,sat4 #d4 p4 #db4 ,the ,fourth ,edition1 ,corrected4 ,price #e4 s4 ,,vi4 ,an ,essay for a new ,translation of the ,bible4 ,wherein is shewn from ,reason and the ,authority of the best ,commentators1 ,interpreters1 and ,criticks1 ,that there is a ,necessity for a new ,translation4 ,in two ,parts4 ,the second ,edition corrected4 ,to which is added1 a ,table of the ,texts of ,scripture contained in both ,parts4 ,audendum est ut illustrata ,veritas pateat1 multique ab ,errore liberentur4 ,lact4 ,instit4 ,div4 ,l4 #d4 ,c4 #e4 ,price4 #d s4 #f4 d4 ,,vii4 ,the ,history of the ,principal ,discoveries and ,improvements1 in the several ,arts and ,sciences3 ,particularly the ,great ,branches of ,commerce1 ,navigation1 and ,plantation1 in all ,parts of the known ,world1 #hvo4 ,price4 #d s4 ,all ,printed for ,d4 ,,browne1 without ,temple-,bar4 ,transcriber's ,note ,on p4 #bh1 seeond has been changed to second4 ,the book was printed using the long s 771 which has been replaced by a modern s in this transcription4 ,inconsistent or archaic spelling and punctuation have otherwise been kept as printed4