,,transcrib]',s ,,note3 ,m9or typographical errors h be5 address$1 b /&>disation ( ! diff]+ spell+ ( ,ojibwe words has n be5 attempt$4 ,,bullet9 ,,( ,,! ,,public ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,city ,,( ,,milwaukee ,vol4 #d1 ,no4 #c1 ,pp4 #cbg-ebe1 ,plates #df-gg ,may #b1 #aicb ,e?nobotany ( ! ,ojibwe ,indians ,by ,huron ,h4 ,smi? ,,milwaukee1 ,,wis41 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,publi%$ by ,ord] ( ! ,bo>d ( ,tru/ees ,pr9t$ by ! ,,aetna ,,press1 ,,inc4 ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 ,engrav+s by ! ,,s*ro$] ,,engrav+ ,,company ,milwaukee1 ,wis4 ,e?nobotany ( ! ,ojibwe ,indians ,,cont5ts ,page ,=eword #ccc ,introduction #ccg ,ojibwe ,m$ic9es #cdh ,ojibwe ,m$ic9al ,mat]ials #ceb ,o!r ?an plants #ceb ,ojibwe ,m$ic9al ,plants #cec ,ojibwe ,vegetal ,foods #cic ,ojibwe ,food ,plants #cid ,ojibwe ,vegetal ,fib]s #daa ,ojibwe ,fib] ,plants #dab ,ojibwe ,vegetal ,dyes #dbd ,ojibwe ,dye ,plants #dbd ,miscellane\s ,uses ( ,plants #dbf ,conclusion #dcc ,,illu/rations ,plates ,plate ,,xlvi4 fig4 #a4 ,ojibwe g>d54 fig4 #b4 ,ojibwe wigwam4 ,,xlvii4 fig4 #a4 ,ojibwe dream dance4 fig4 #b4 ,j]k+ de] meat4 ,,xlviii4 fig4 #a4 ,bead "w4 fig4 #b4 ,lac du ,flambeau4 ,,xlix4 fig4 #a4 ,bir* b>k baskets4 fig4 #b4 ,cradle bo>d4 ,l4 fig4 #a4 ,p\nd+ a% spl9ts4 fig4 #b4 ,mak+ baskets4 ,,li4 fig4 #a4 ,ru%es = weav+4 fig4 #b4 ,ojibwe grave h\ses4 ,,lii4 fig4 #a4 ,peel+ bir* log4 fig4 #b4 ,bir* b>k roll4 ,,liii4 fig4 #a4 ,splitt+ c$> log4 fig4 #b4 ,mak+ canoe ribs4 ,,liv4 fig4 #a4 ,%ap+ canoe nose4 fig4 #b4 ,canoe =m4 ,,lv4 fig4 #a4 ,jack ,p9e roots4 fig4 #b4 ,coil$ roots4 ,,lvi4 fig4 #a4 ,boil+ pit*4 fig4 #b4 ,sew+ canoe4 ,,lvii4 fig4 #a4 ,pit*+ seams4 fig4 #b4 ,laun*+ canoe4 ,,lviii4 fig4 #a4 ,ojibwe g>d54 fig4 #b4 ,b>k wigwam4 ,,lix4 fig4 #a4 ,piawantag9um4 fig4 #b4 ,:ite ,cl\d4 ,,lx4 fig4 #a4 ,be> ,isl&4 fig4 #b4 ,tam>ack bran*4 ,,lxi4 fig4 #a4 ,gr\nd ,p9e4 fig4 #b4 ,giant ,puffball4 ,,lxii4 fig4 #a4 ,balsam ,fir4 fig4 #b4 ,:ite ,spruce4 ,,lxiii4 fig4 #a4 ,:ite ,p9e4 fig4 #b4 ,norway ,p9e4 ,,lxiv4 fig4 #a4 ,bur ,oak4 fig4 #b4 ,r$ ,oak4 ,,lxv4 fig4 #a4 ,r$ ,maple4 fig4 #b4 ,m\nta9 ,holly4 ,,lxvi4 fig4 #a4 ,sphagnum ,moss4 fig4 #b4 ,virg9ia ,grape ,f]n4 ,,lxvii4 fig4 #a4 ,pit*]-plant4 fig4 #b4 ,cranb]ries4 ,,lxviii4 fig4 #a4 ,poison ,ivy4 fig4 #b4 ,box ,eld]4 ,,lxix4 fig4 #a4 ,balsam ,apple4 fig4 #b4 ,great ,will[-h]b4 ,,lxx4 fig4 #a4 ,wild ,currant4 fig4 #b4 ,riv]-bank ,grape4 ,,lxxi4 fig4 #a4 ,canada ,mayfl[]4 fig4 #b4 ,spik5>d4 ,,lxxii4 fig4 #a4 ,twi/$ ,/alk4 fig4 #b4 ,solomon's ,seal4 ,,lxxiii4 fig4 #a4 ,mead[ ,rue4 fig4 #b4 ,c>rion-fl[]4 ,,lxxiv4 fig4 #a4 ,wild ,columb9e4 fig4 #b4 ,canada ,anemone4 ,,lxxv4 fig4 #a4 ,gold?read4 fig4 #b4 ,w9t]gre54 ,,lxxvi4 fig4 #a4 ,r$ ,baneb]ry4 fig4 #b4 ,labrador ,tea4 ,,lxxvii4 fig4 #a4 ,agrimony4 fig4 #b4 ,haw?orn4 ,,=eword ,?is bullet9 is ! ?ird 9 a s]ies ( six1 rec\nt+ ! field "w done among ,wiscons9 ,indians to discov] _! pres5t uses ( native or introduc$ plants &1 ins(> z is possible1 ! hi/ory ( ^! plant uses by _! ance/ors4 ,z f> back z #ahhh ,h(fman#he report$ t ! m$ic9al lore ( ! ,ojibwe w\ld soon be gone4 ,b ?irty-two ye>s lat]1 x is /ill p>tially recall$ & practis$ among ! m primitive b&s ( ^! p4 ,h[ long x w p]si/ is problematical4 ,! ,ojibwe are ! mo/ num]\s ( any ( our tribes & z long z !y live 9 ! nor!rn =e/ & lake di/rict ( ,wiscons91 s long w ! old] ,indians cont9ue to expla9 ! natural hi/ory ( _! environm5t to ! "y m5 & wom5 ( ! tribe4 ,! writ] deplores ! brevity ( ! "t t c\ld be devot$ to ea* tribe1 & applauds ! simil> /udy report$ by ,miss ,frances ,d5smore#hf 9 h] fifte5 ye>s ( rese>* among ! ,ojibwe4 ,necess>ily ! mo/ valuable in=mation comes f ! olde/ ,indians1 & _m in=mants h di$ s9ce ?is /udy 0 made4 ,?ree trips 7 made1 usually ( six weeks duration4 ,! fir/ 0 made 9 ,june1 #aibc to ! ,lac du ,flambeau ,res]vation1 9 ,vilas ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,! same region 0 visit$ aga9 lat] 9 ! fall4 ,dur+ ! spr+ ( #aibd "o trip 0 made to ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota1 :]e ! remnant ( ! ,pillag] ,b& ( ! ,ojibwe live on ,be> ,isl&1 7,plate #fj1 fig4 #a71 & ! surr\nd+ ma9l&4 ,s9ce !n1 trips h be5 made to ,r$cliff1 ,bayfield ,c\nty1 to ,odanah1 ,iron ,c\nty1 to ,lac ,c\rt ,oreilles1 ,cl>k ,c\nty1 & to scatt]$ b&s 9 v>i\s sections ( nor!rn ,wiscons94 ,! pr9cipal "w 0 done at ,lac du ,flambeau & ,lee* ,lake4 ,! ,lee* ,lake trip *eck$ results obta9$ at ,lac du ,flambeau4 ,! writ] ?anks ^? (ficials & private citiz5s :o assi/$ by introductions to ,indians & by mak+ 8 /ay among !m com=table4 ,mr4 ,james ,w4 ,balm]1 ,indian ,ag5t1 !n at ,lac du ,flambeau1 n[ at ,pipe/one1 ,m9nesota1 & 8 *ief cl]k1 ,mr4 ,walt] ,h4 ,%awnee1 a ,%awnee ,indian1 /ill 9 s]vice at ,lac du ,flambeau1 & ,mr4 ,john ,all51 ,ojibwe ,indian & s*ool discipl9>ian all gave valu$ advice & qu>t]$ u at _! ,tea*]'s ,club4 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,rog]s1 ( ,walk]1 ,m9nesota1 a v successful ,ojibwe attorney1 & ! ,noble bro!rs1 ,mr4 ,john ,w4 ,noble & ,mr4 ,e4 ,w4 78,van07 ,noble1 proprietor ( ,=e/ ,view ,lodge1 directly across f ,be> ,isl&1 r5d]$ valuable assi/ance ) ! ,pillag] b& ( ,ojibwe4 ,! writ] collect$ e plant he c\ld f9d 9 ea* region because he _h be5 in=m$ t ! ,ojibwe diff] f o!r ,wiscons9 ,indians 9 t !y believe t e plant t gr[s is "s k9d ( m$ic9e or useful = some?+4 ,! only plants discov]$ = :i* !y _h no "n or use 7 adv5tive plants1 & "o c\ld fairly well e/abli% ! date ( _! appe>ance 9 ! /ate1 because ! ,indians pay mu* m att5tion to our native flora ?an d ! :ites4 ,mo/ ( our in=mants 7 m51 because !y f\nd x easi] to talk to ! writ] ?an ! wom54 ,x 0 easy to get ! wom5 to talk ( old "t me?ods ( prep>+ aborig9al foods4 ,! ,ojibwe _h a l>ge numb] ( hunt+ m$ic9es us$ z *>ms4 ,^! 7 accompani$ by draw+s on ! gr\nd designat+ :at !y hop$ to accompli% 9 kill+ game = _! l>d]4 ,ab\t sixty-five p] c5t ( _! m$ic9al plants 7 actually valuable m$ic9ally1 ! rema9d] be+ employ$ 9 a %amani/ic or sup]/iti\s mann]4 ,! writ] concludes t _! great k ( plants has be5 a*iev$ ?r\gh long p]iods ( "t by a process ( trial & error1 bas+ ?is belief ^u _! fe> ( mu%rooms4 ,bo? m5 & wom5 po9t$ out plants 9 _! native habitat & 7 will+ to expla9 _! uses4 ,!y are ! real ones to ?ank = ! facts discov]$ & )\t _! coop]ation su* a /udy w\ld be impossible4 ,a li/ ( !m foll[s4 ,9 con=mity ) previ\s bullet9s1 ! plants w be li/$ 7#a7 "u _! v>i\s uses & 7#b7 "u ea* ( ^! captions1 alphabetically by _! families4 ,:]e possible1 ! lit]al translation ( ! ,indian "n is giv54#hg ,,in=mants ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w _m in=mants h assi/$ ! au?or1 among :om ! foll[+ resid5ts ( ,lac du ,flambeau1 ,wiscons91 %\ld be not$3 ,jas4 ,w4 ,balm]1 ,indian ,ag5t2 ,walt] ,h4 ,%awnee1 ,*ief ,cl]k2 ,*>ley ,burns1 ,cagkecci1 ,indian ,policeman2 ,john ,all51 ,indian ,discipl9>ian2 ,anawabi 7,exalt$ ,"o7 ,village ,*ief2 ,jack ,d\d1 ,kkk 7,sp>r[-hawk7 ,capta9 9 ,civil ,w>2 ,b]t ,skye1 ,anawabi's ,son2 ,mrs4 ,b]t ,skye2 ,be> ,sk91 ,mkwean 7,be>sk97 ,m$ic9e ,man2 ,jack ,patt]son1 ,skurtz1 ( ,s& ,lake2 ,long ,john ,be> ( ,pelican ,lake2 ,john ,:ite ,fea!r1 ,wabackiganebi1 ( ,flambeau ,lake2 ,mrs4 ,john ,:ite ,fea!r2 ,webujuonokwe1 ( ,flambeau village2 ,amkons 7,"y ,beav]7 ( ,flambeau village4 ,we also receiv$ in=mation f ! foll[+ resid5ts ( ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota1 ,ga-sagaskwadjimkag3 ,b5 ,smi?1 ,pcikci 7,de]7 ( ,boy ,lake1 ,m9nesota2 ,edw>d ,rog]s ( ,walk]1 ,m9nesota2 ,john ,pep]1 ,jigwabe ( ,be> ,isl&2 ,piawantaginm1 ,pep]'s "m2 ,:ite ,cl\d1 ,wabackanakwad 7,:ite ,cl\d7 ( ,be> ,isl&2 ,inwapikwe1 ,:ite ,cl\d's wife2 ,wasawanakwt1 ,:ite ,cl\d's son ( ,f$]al ,dam1 ,m9nesota2 ,john ,smi?1 ,ajovbnesa ( ,be> ,isl&2 ,m[cgaws ( ,be> ,isl&2 ,ed ,com+1 ,getakibnes1 ( ,brevick1 ,m9nesota4 ,micimn 7,apple71 ,*ief1 & ,john ,gosl91 ,wabackiganebi1 ( ,lac ,c\rt ,oreilles1 ,wiscons91 also contribut$ in=mation4 ,,phonetic ,,key ,! ,ojibwe h writt5 _! language = a long] "t ?an any o!r ,algonqu9 tribe &1 :ile !y employ a syllab>y#hh 9 correspond+ ) abs5t memb]s ( ! tribe1 x has little value to ! e?nologi/4 ,! writ] has two books pr9t$ 9 ,engli% & ,ojibwe4 ,"o is 8,a collection ( ,*ippeway & ,engli% ,hymns01 translat$ by ,pet] ,jones1 ,indian ,mission>y1 ! second edition ( :i* 0 pr9t$ by ! ,me?odi/ ,book ,conc]n 9 #ahdg4 ,?is 0 giv5 to ! writ] by ,mr4 ,h5ry ,rit*ie1 an ,ojibwe1 ( ,laona1 ,wiscons94 ,! o!r is 8,a ,diction>y ( ! ,ot*ipwe ,language01 expla9$ 9 ,engli%1 ,"p #a1 ,engli%-,ot*ipwe1 by ,r4,r4 ,bi%op ,b>aga1 publi%$ by ,beau*em9 & ,valois1 ,montreal1 9 #ahgh4 ,?is 0 giv5 to ! writ] by ,capt4 ,john ,val5t9e ,satt]lee1 ( ! ,m5om9i tribe1 ,ke%5a1 ,wiscons94 ,) ! aid ( ei!r ( !m "o exp]i5ces little difficulty 9 pron\nc+ ,ojibwe words4 ,9 ?is bullet91 ! foll[+ phonetic sy/em w be us$4 ,,v[els a z 9 art z 9 flat e z 9 prey z 9 met i z 9 police z 9 bit o z 9 g z 9 luck u z 9 rule w1 y & h z 9 ,engli% ai z 9 aisle ,,consonants ,po/-,pal ,m$io-,pal ,pre-,pal ,d5tal ,bilabial ,/op k1 g d t t b p ,spirant c j s z ,affricative dj tc f v ,nasal n m s z 9 s9ce g z 9 give z z 9 zeal c z s\nd ( % j z s\nd ( zh tc z s\nd ( tc 9 wit* dj z s\nd ( j 9 jug ,:ile ! writ] is n a l+ui/1 ,indian pronunciation came easily to him & he 0 able to pron\nce all plant names 9 an intelligible mann] to ,ojibwe p :om he _h nev] se5 be=e4 ,,introduction ,! subjects ( ?is bullet91 ! ,ojibwe ,indians1 h probably be5 designat$ by m diff]5t spell+s ( _! "n ?an any o!r tribe 9 ! c\ntry4 ,! angliciz$ v]sion is ,*ippewa1 an adaptation ( ! ,ojibway ( ,longfell[4 ,ojibway means 8to roa/ till puck]$ up10 ref]r+ to ! puck]$ seams on _! moccas9s1 f 8,ojib01 8to puck] up01 8ub-way01 8to roa/04 ,9 hi/oric lit]ature "s ( ! m common ways ( spell+ _! "n h be53 ,a*ipoes1 ,*epeways1 ,*ipaways1 ,odjibwag1 ,ot*ipwe1 ,u*ipweys4 ,less famili> names appli$ to !m h be53 ,ba\i*tig\91 ,bawi*tig\ek1 ,dewakanha1 ,d%ip[ehaga1 ,e/iaghicks1 ,hahatwawne1 ,khahkhahtons1 ,neayaog1 ,n9niwas1 ,saulteur1 ,santeaux1 ,wahkaht[ah & at lea/ fifty o!rs4 ,! ,ojibwe is "o ( ! l>ge/ tribes 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada1 & liv$ orig9ally along bo? %ores ( ! ,great ,lakes z f> we/ z ! ,turtle ,m\nta9s1 ,nor? ,dakota4 ,!y are ( ,algonkian /ock & 9 ! nor? are closely relat$ to ! ,cree & ,maskegon tribes4 ,9 ! s\?1 ?r\gh ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons9 & ,m9nesota !y h always be5 closely associat$ ) ! ,ottawa & ,pottawatomi4 ,^! ?ree h be5 rec5tly call$ ! ,?ree ,fires ,conf$]acy4 ,_! languages 7 ev5 simil>1 & ,pottawatomi h (t5 told ! writ] t _! tongue 0 an abbreviat$ ,ojibwe language1--8l x 0 a nickname04 ,?is num]\s p liv$ f> away f ! fronti]s ( ! colonial w> p]iod1 h5ce are n (t5 m5tion$ 9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! orig9al habitation ( ! ,ojibwe 9 ,wiscons9 is suppos$ to h be5 at ,la ,po9te1 a t[n no long] 9 exi/5ce1 9 ,a%l& ,c\nty1 ne> ,lake ,sup]ior4 ,! fir/ ref]5ce to !m 9 hi/ory is 9 ! ,jesuit ,relation ( #afdj :5 !y resid$ at ,sault ,/e4 ,m>ie4 ,x is ?\ght t ,nicolet met !m ei!r 9 #afcd or #afci4 ,fa!r ,all\ez f\nd !m at ,sup]ior1 ,wiscons91 9 #affe-fg4 ,accord+ to ,p]rot1#hi 9 #afgj-ii ^? ,ojibwe on ! ,lake ,sup]ior %ore ( ,wiscons9 cultivat$ corn & 7 liv+ peaceably ) _! neighbors1 ! ,si\x4 ,ab\t ?is "t !y fir/ obta9$ fire-arms1 & pu%$ _! way we/w>d fight+ ) ! ,si\x & ! ,meskwaki4 ,! ,fr5* e/abli%$ a trad+ po/ at ,%angawawmikong1 aft]w>ds ,la ,po9te1 9 #afib1 :i* 0 ! mo/ important ,ojibwe settlem5t 9 ,wiscons94 ,9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! ,ojibwe succe$$ 9 driv+ ! ,meskwaki f nor!rn ,wiscons91 :5 ! ,meskwaki jo9$ =ces ) ! ,sauk ,indians4 ,! ,ojibwe !n turn$ _! att5tion to ! ,si\x1 driv+ !m across ! ,mississippi & z f> z ! ,turtle ,m\nta9s 9 ,nor? ,dakota4 ,! ,ojibwe took "p 9 fronti] settlem5t w>s up to ! close ( ! w> ( #ahab4 ,^? liv+ )9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates made a treaty ) ! ,gov]nm5t 9 #ahae & h s9ce rema9$ peaceful1 ) ! exception ( a m9or upris+ among ! ,pillag] ,b& ( ,ojibwe on ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota4 ,mo/ ( !m live on res]vations or allott$ l& 9 ,mi*igan1 ,wiscons91 ,m9nesota & ,nor? ,dakota4 ,!re 0 a small b& ( ,swan ,creek & ,black ,riv] ,ojibwe :o sold _! l&s 9 ,mi*igan 9 #ahcf & w5t to live ) ! ,munsee1 9 ,frankl9 ,c\nty1 ,kansas4 ,x 0 repres5t$ to ! writ] t ! ,pillag] ,b& ( ,ojibwe %\ld be q int]e/+ & primitive s9ce !y 7 ! only unsubdu$ ,indians left 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y are suppos$ to h revolt$ dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 :5 ,gov]nm5t att5tion 0 conc5trat$ on det]m9+ :e!r or n1 ! ,union %\ld be pres]v$4 ,!y pillag$ a small t[n1 kill$ ! inhabitants1 took all ( ! food /ores & fl$ to ,be> ,isl& 9 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota1 %[n 9 plate #fj1 fig4 #a4 ,aga91 :ile ! ,unit$ ,/ates 0 at w> ) ,spa9 9 #ahih1 ! ,ojibwe compla9$ bitt]ly ab\t c]ta9 irregul>ities 9 reg>d to ! disposal ( ! dead & fall5 timb] on ,lee* ,lake ,res]vation4 ,!y accus$ :ite speculators ( fir+ ! woods to create a class ( timb] kn[n z dead & d[n timb]1 ?us depriv+ !m ( _! w9t] livelihood 9 logg+ op]ations4#ij ,r indiscrim9ate arre/s ( ! ,pillag] ,indians by ,unit$ ,/ates m>%als caus$ res5tm5t & ! actual w>f>e 0 caus$ by ! attempt ( a deputy m>%al to arre/ c]ta9 ,indians accus$ ( sell+ :iskey on ! res]vation4 ,on ,septemb] #ae1 #ahih1 two ,indians 7 arre/$ by deputy m>%als & rescu$ by _! comrades4 ,w>rants 7 issu$ = ! arre/ ( ! m ?an tw5ty ,indians :o _h assi/$ 9 ! rescue4 ,s9ce ! m>%als fe>$ ! ,indians1 !y ask$ = ! assi/ance ( troops4 ,x 0 ?\ght t a %[ ( =ce by regul> troops w\ld be suffici5t4 ,tw5ty m5 ( ! ,?ird ,regim5t ,u4 ,s4 ,infantry 7 s5t1 b s9ce ! ,indians %[$ no sign ( yield+ eighty m left ,=t ,snell+ = ,walk]1 ,m9nesota4 ,major ,m4 ,c4 ,wilk9son & ,g5]al ,j4 ,m4 ,bacon 7 9 *>ge4 ,two small lake /eam]s & a b>ge took ! troops to ,be> ,isl&1 & !y an*or$ 9 %oal wat] j across f ! isl&1 proce$+ by b>ge to ! ma9l&4 ,! battle took place at ! h\se ( ,bujonegicig1 :o di$ only a few ye>s ago4 ,! troops 7 fir$ ^u f ! woods & ,major ,wilk9son1 ,s]geant ,butl] & f\r privates 7 kill$4 ,t5 7 w\nd$4 ,on ,octob] #f1 #ahih1 #bad m troops came to assi/1 b no fur!r fir+ 0 enc\nt]$ & ! upris+ 0 ov]4 ,! ,commission] ( ,indian ,affairs1 ,w4 ,a4 ,jones1 arriv$ f ,wa%+ton1 ,octob] #aj4 ,! next morn+ he & ,fa!r ,aloysius1 a prie/ ) great influ5ce ov] ! ,indians1 held a long & fri5dly conf]5ce ) ! ,pillag] *iefs inve/igat+ & settl+ ! timb] compla9ts4 ,troops flood$ t c\ntry & p]suad$ ! ,be> ,isl&]s to respond to ! w>rants4 ,!y 7 duly tri$1 s5t5c$ & f9$1 b ! f9es 7 remitt$ & aft] two mon?s imprisonm5t ! s5t5ces 7 commut$ & p>dons grant$4 ,! writ] f\nd b few :o rememb]$ ! battle1 = :ile !re 7 ov] a hundr$ m5 able to be> arms 9 #ahih1 ! ,ojibwe c\ld n successfully fight ! influ5za attack ( #aiai & ! pres5t population consi/s ( only f\rte5 p]sons3 ,john ,pep]1 wife1 daught] & "m2 ,:ite ,cl\d1 %[n 9 plate #ei1 fig4 #b1 wife & son2 ,mockawus & wife2 ,john ,smi?1 ,frank ,m>%all1 wife & two *ildr54 ,john ,pep]'s "m 0 said to be #ajf ye>s old & look$ ! "p1 z %[n 9 plate #ei1 fig4 #a4 ,john1 h] y\nge/ boy 0 pa/ #gj ye>s ( age4 ,ano!r v old resid5t1 ,john ,smi?1 _h di$ ! ye> be=e ! writ] arriv$4 ,8 age 0 said to be #ach ye>s4 ,8 recollections are said to h includ$ ,george ,wa%+ton z ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,all ( our ,ojibwe resid5ts 9 ,wiscons9 & ^? 9 ,mi*igan & ,m9nesota 7 =e/ ,indians &1 z su*1 great hunt]s1 al?\gh !y cultivat$ maize 9 a small way4 ,!y made v sup]ior bir* b>k canoes & 7 at home on ! _m lakes ( ! nor?l&1 subsi/+ l>gely on fi% & game4 ,:ile at ! pres5t "t1 !y dress !mselves to satisfy ! pre-conceiv$ ideas ( t\ri/s1 9 ! e>ly days1 _! headdress consi/$ ( ott] sk9 caps1 (t5 embelli%$ ) eagle fea!rs1 "o = ea* enemy sla9 9 battle & consequ5tly = ea* scalp secur$4 ,! great fea!r$ bonnet 0 n ( _! culture1 b has be5 m rec5tly borr[$ f ! ,pla9s ,indians4 ,!y nev] us$ ! tepee ( ! ,pla9s ,indians1 su* z is %[n 9 plate #df1 fig4 #b1 & 9 plate #eh1 fig4 #b1 b built a wigwam4 ,! wigwam 0 easily con/ruct$ 9 a half-day's "t4 ,poles 7 ?ru/ into ! gr\nd 9 a circle ( f twelve to tw5ty feet1 _! tips b5t & securely ti$ 9 ! c5t] ) basswood b>k cord to =m a hemisph]e1 ab\t eight feet 9 height at ! c5t]4 ,! :ole 0 !n cov]$ ) b>k ( balsam1 or wov5 cat-tail mats1 su* z ! "o %[n 9 plate #df1 fig4 #b1 & ro($ ) bir* b>k4 ,an entrance & smoke hole 7 left & mats ?r[n ^u ! gr\nd4 ,x 0 mu* w>m] ?an a tepee & bett] adapt$ to ! heavy sn[ fall ( ! nor?1 & to l[ temp]atures4 ,all ( _! /orage h\ses & _! small] sweat lodges 7 simil>ly made4 ,_! m$ic9e lodges foll[$ ! same con/ruction ?\gh !y 7 mu* long]3 be+ eighty1 a hundr$ & ev5 a hundr$ & fifty feet 9 l5g?4 ,we _h occasion to see ! m$ic9e lodge 9 use sev]al times dur+ our /ay at ,lac du ,flambeau4 ,?is lodge 0 9 ! old ,flambeau village1 j at ! edge ( ! woods4 ,x 0 a huge affair1 ab\t "o hundr$ & fifty feet long1 ) a /\t framework ( sapl+s jo9$ toge!r & ar*$ ov] at a height ( eight feet4 ,! framework 0 rigidly held toge!r ) o!r horizontal sapl+s secur$ by basswood b>k cord at e junction ( poles4 ,x /ood z a framework = sev]al ye>s4 ,dur+ use1 ! sides ( ?is framework are cov]$ ) cat-tail mats & ! top ) sew$ bir* b>k1 z %[n 9 figure #ba1 ( ! ,museum's #aibc ,ye>book4 ,by us+ a bone ne$le & nettle /r+ ! cat-tail mats are sew$ toge!r ) an invisible /it*1 t makes a w9dpro( cov]4 ,d[n ! c5t] ( ! lodge is a long ellipse :]e c\ntless dance /eps h b>$ ! e>? ( ?is o!rwise grassy plot4 ,! entrance ( ! lodge faces ! ea/1 & !re is an exit to ! we/4 ,a fire is usually burn+ j inside ! ea/]n entrance1 ! smoke asc5d+ ?r\gh a smoke hole left 9 ! ro(4 ,! m$ic9e m5 are ga!r$ to ! left ( ! fire on ! nor? :ile ! pati5t is usually seat$ to ! "r ( ! fire on ! s\?4 ,! m$ic9e drum 9 use dur+ a treatm5t = heal+ is small] ?an ! dream dance drum1 usually se5 by t\ri/s1 & ( a diff]5t %ape4 ,x is ab\t eight in*es 9 diamet] & sixte5 in*es high4 ,! bucksk9 /ret*$ ov] ! end is moi/5$ f "t to "t by rev]s+ ! drum :i* conta9s wat]1 & rubb+ ! sk9 to p]mit x to take up ! liquid4 ,! tone & volume are greatly enhanc$ by ?is proc$ure4 ,! m$ic9e lodge memb]s sit 9 gr\ps ar\nd ! lodge />t+ at ! nor? side1 & proce$+ d[n to ! we/ & back along ! s\? side t[>d ! ea/ aga94 ,e song & m>* ar\nd ! lodge is repeat$ f\r times1 ?is be+ _! sacr$ numb]4 ,! "t ne$$ 9 effect+ a cure is v>i$ b ! writ] has se5 a woman c>ri$ 9 on a litt]1 recov] 9 ?ree h\rs "t & take "p 9 ! danc+4 ,! ,indian ,s]vice 9 ! pa/ has wi%$ to disc\rage treatm5t by m$ic9e m5 & on l>g] res]vations has suppli$ a resid5t physician4 ,x is a con/ant competition betwe5 ! two1 = naturally a :ite physician _c cure e case any m ?an a m$ic9e man c1 & :5 ! m$ic9e man app>5tly effects cures aft] ! physician has giv5 up or appe>$ to produce no improvem5t1 ! cr$ul\s pati5ts are go+ to cont9ue to believe 9 ! m$ic9e m54 ,*ri/ianity has _h b little effect ^u ! ,ojibwe s f> z ! writ] has be5 able to obs]ve1 l>gely because ( ! reputation ( ! m$ic9e m5 among !m4 ,accord+ to ! late ,dr4 ,william ,jones1 ! e?nologi/ m5tion$ 9 8,e?nobotany ( ! ,meskwaki ,indians01 ,"p #b ( ?is volume1 ! ,pillag] ,b& ( ,be> ,isl& occasionally practic$ cannibalism c]emonially1 & ev5 z late z #aijb ate human fle% on ! ,ra9y ,riv] dur+ a fam9e4 ,he cites ! fact 9 #aije t polygamy 0 once common & ev5 /ill occurr$ among w&]+ b&s4 ,_m visitors to ! nor?l& ?9k ( ! c\ntry 9 t]ms ( s&1 & consid] x unfit = use agriculturally4 ,:ile s&y soil is common1 x is also easy to f9d v good productive soil & 9 "s cases ev5 clay4 ,! ,indian settlem5ts & home/eads 7 nev] ext5sive & f\r or five acres ( l& seem to suffice !m = gr[+ hay & g>d5 crops4 ,! ag5cy ,indian f>m] ma9ta9s demon/ration g>d5 plots1 su* z ! "o %[n 9 plate #df1 fig4 #a1 & also m ext5sive f>ms1 & con/antly advises ) ^? :o are try+ to f>m4 ,! ,indian wom5 ev5 gr[ "s cultivat$ fl[]s4 ,at ,lac du ,flambeau1 ! ,ojibwe take great pride 9 _! annual ,indian fair & display f>m animals1 horticultural products1 & native arts & crafts = premiums4 ,x is a pity t m d n foll[ agriculture because !y h suffici5t f>m+ l& & h also good examples to foll[4 ,mo/ ( !m l ! quick returns made 9 sell+ ,indian art "w1 or made act+ z guides = fi%+ & hunt+ p>ties4 ,! easy money is too soon sp5t & !y suff] consid]ably be=e ! w9t] is ov]4 ,! native flora is ab\t ! same at bo? ,lac du ,flambeau & ,lee* ,lake1 & ! species are by no means z v>i$ z on ! ,m5omonie ,res]vation4 ,!y make full use ( ev]y?+ t occurs ) !m except ! adv5tive or introduc$ plants4 ,!y recognize regul> types ( soil z s\rces ( _! m$ic9al plants4 ,s&y mead[s1 s&y wa/es1 lakes1 /ill ponds1 swamps1 upl& swamps1 rocky op5+s 9 ! =e/1 ev]gre5 =e/s1 & h>dwood =e/s all are se>*$ = di/9ctive plants4 ,! greate/ numb] ( species ( native plants are f\nd 9 ! composite family & we f9d ! ,ojibwe mak+ m use ( ^! ?an any o!r tribe4 ,! hea? family contributes _m species & is important to !m4 ,grasses & s$ges1 :ile num]\s 9 species are n s well kn[n to !m1 al?\gh "h aga9 !y use m species ?an ! neighbor+ tribes4 ,john ,:itefea!r1 ( ! ,c\d]ay ,ojibwe1 :o adopt$ ! writ] into _! tribe1 relat$ _! orig9 my?4 ,briefly x is z foll[s3 ,!re has always be5 a controv]sy among ! :ites z to :e!r su* an ,indian z ,hiawa?a ev] liv$4 ,hiawa?a is ! "n t ,h5ry ,wadswor? ,longfell[ gave to _! cultural h]o1 ,w9abojo4 ,hiawa?a or ,w9abojo 0 nev] se5 by man1 al?\gh sometimes bo? names h be5 us$ = prop] names among ! ,ojibwe4 ,_! great _s or rul] ( ! univ]se 0 nam$ ,dzhe ,manido4 ,accord+ to ,:itefea!r1 ,w9abojo 0 ! "o :o caus$ ! deluge t cov]$ ! _w & 0 responsible = build+ x aga94 ,w9abojo 0 sitt+ at ! m\? ( a big riv] & notic$ a /ick bobb+ up & d[n ne> ! middle ( ! /ream4 ,he ?\ght x 0 curi\s t x 0 n c>ri$ on d[n /ream to ! big lake & fur!r ?\ght t x w\ld be fun to sit on ! /ick4 ,s he swam out & sat on x4 ,dzhe ,manido _h told him two phrases1 "o ( :i* he might s+ to himself1 :i* is translat$ 8,lake mu/ close 90 & ! o!r 0 8,lake %\ld spread out01 & he mu/ n say t4 ,w9abojo became curi\s to see :at w\ld happ5 if he repeat$ ! second ( ^! phrases4 ,he said x4 ,imm$iately ! /ick sank & he fell "u4 ,he swam back to ! top b c\ld discov] no l&4 ,o!r animals 7 swimm+ ar\nd1 s he reque/$ muskrat to dive d[n & get him "s mud f ! bottom ( ! lake4 ,muskrat div$ d[n b x 0 too f> & he dr[n$4 ,! m>t9 tri$ x & dr[n$4 ,! ott] tri$ x & dr[n$4 ,!n beav] tri$ x & obta9$ "s mud1 b di$ z he rea*$ ! surface4 ,w9abojo took ! mud t rema9$ betwe5 ! claws ( beav] & roll$ x into a little ball4 ,w9abojo made ?is ball gr[ z he roll$ x ar\nd 9 8 h&s1 :ile ! animals swam ar\nd him4 ,f9ally ! ball grew l>ge en\gh = ! fox to jump ^u x & run ar\nd4 ,!n x grew l>g] until all ! animals c\ld get ^u x4 ,s ,w9abojo & ! animals 7 ! fir/ inhabitants & ,w9abojo put ! plants ^u ! _w4 ,w9abojo liv$ 9 a little valley ) 8 gr&mo!r1 ,nokomis4 ,aga9/ h] wi%es1 he w5t on a voyage ( exploration1 leav+ 8 valley to climb a hill4 ,9 ! next valley he saw a lot ( p all danc+ & he want$ to dance ) !m4 ,s he w5t d[n & danc$ all day1 ?\gh none ( !m spoke to him or said a ^w to ea* o!r4 ,:5 ! w9d di$ d[n at sunset1 he discov]$ !m to be only cattails1 s he />t$ back home4 ,on 8 way he 0 approa*$ by ,cumpa4 ,no "o kn[s :o s5t ,cumpa !re1 b we ?9k t x 0 ,dzhe ,manido4 ,nokomis _h told him t !re 7 inhabitants some:]e on ! e>?4 ,w9abojo sat d[n ) ,cumpa & !y talk$ ov] ! matt] ( h[ to regulate ! _w4 ,9 _! conf]5ce !y develop$ ! m$ic9e lodge idea & ! ,ojibwe c\nt ,w9abojo z its f\nd]4 ,! pa9t$ po/ t !y erect 9 _! m$ic9e lodge repres5ts ,w9abojo4 ,x is c>v$ to resemble a human =m1 b n too closely1 z !y wi% x to be und]/ood t ,w9abojo is a god & n a human be+4 ,w9abojo />t$ dur+ ! mon? ( ,july to hunt = ! inhabitants ( ! e>? & f9ally f\nd !m 9 ! latt] "p ( ,decemb] or e>ly ,janu>y4 ,!n he /ay$ ) !m = sev]al mon?s1 tea*+ !m ! secrets ( ! m$ic9e lodge4 ,he told !m h[ !y mu/ ga!r roots & :at songs !y mu/ s+4 ,a specim5 song & its mean+ is "h giv54 ,n9 ba ba odjibke ,i g to ga!r roots2 oowedasassema "h is tobacco2 mnode ni n[i nmcn ,give me direct guidance1 gi w$jibkeien ,y1-mak] ( roots da m9o wi djibkeian4 ,t ,i may get ! prop] roots4 ,_! /ory ( creation is ! common "o among ! nor!rn ,algonkians4 ,!y believe t all objects1 bo? animate & inanimate possess "s my/]i\s p[]1 & speak ( t p[] z ! manido t dwells 9 x4 ,on ! ,lac du ,flambeau ,res]vation1 ! writ] saw two or ?ree l>ge /ones1 %[n 9 plate #dh1 fig4 #b1 t 7 ?\ght to be _s rocks4 ,!y also believ$ t ! _s ( ! dep>t$ brave (t5 returns to ! grave1 z long z ! body has n turn$ to du/4 ,!y (t5 buri$ ! body 9 a sitt+ position fac+ we/1 or 9 a %all[ grave on its back or side1 mak+ a m\nd1 ov] :i* b>k1 bir* poles or bo>ds 7 erect$1 to =m a little grave h\se1 z %[n 9 plate #ea1 fig4 #b4 ,?is1 !y believe to be (t5 inhabit$ by ! _s ( ! dep>t$ "o :i* !y occasionally fe$ ) wild rice or dri$ j]ky 7de] meat7 ?r\gh a small op5+4 ,accord+ to ,mc,kenney1#ia ! ,ojibwe ( ,fond du ,lac1 ,wiscons91 buri$ _! dead 9 a box :i* 0 elevat$ ^u a plat=m ( poles4 ,m\rn+ = ! dep>t$ usually la/$ a ye>1 unless "s m$ic9e man %ort5$ ! "t1 or a relative p]=m$ "s notable feat 9 w>4 ,_! religion 0 ! tea*+s ( _! ,gr& ,m$ic9e society or midewiw94 ,! ,ojibwe are probably ! /ricte/ disciples ( ?is society ( any ( our ,wiscons9 ,indians & ! "p play$ by plants is ! greate/ ( any factor4 ,?+s o!r ?an plants 7 us$1 su* z rattlesnake meat1 duck bones1 clay & fea!rs1 b ^! 7 s f> 9 ! m9ority t !y are sc>cely wor? m5tion+4 ,accord+ to ! ,ojibwe1 e plant is m$ic9e2 if n to y\r p>ticul> in=mant1 !n to "s o!r m$ic9e man or woman4 ,x 0 a matt] ( f9d+ ! prop] in=mant to get ! correct "n & use4 ,consequ5tly1 9 ! field we ga!r$ e tree1 %rub1 p]5nial or annual1 h]b or grass we enc\nt]$4 ,all ( ^! be+ m$ic9al plants 7 ?us sacr$ to !m & mu/ be secur$ ) ! prop] mide c]emony4 ,?is consi/$ ( an explanatory song1 & ! (f]+ ( tobacco to gr&mo!r1 ! e>?1 & ,w9abojo1 _! cultural h]o4 ,! con/ant ef=t ( ! ,gov]nm5t to educate ! ,indian is result+ 9 ! gradual disc>d+ ( ! m$ic9e lodge c]emonies4 ,! ,ojibwe1 :o h /ay$ on ! fronti] ( civilization1 are among ! la/ to *ange1 & h clung t5aci\sly to _! m$ic9e society4 ,z ) o!r ,wiscons9 ,indians1 ! ,ojibwe love _! *ildr5 de>ly & are r>ely h>% to !m4 ,! *ildr5 are taught to dance at an e>ly age & :ile subsequ5t education may make !m =get ! names & uses ( m$ic9al plants1 !y nev] =get ! dance tunes & /eps4 ,x is a common conception among :ite m5 t x is useless to educate an ,indian4 ,too _m h agre$ ) ,m>k ,twa9 t 8! only good ,indian is a dead "o40 ,/ories are relat$ conc]n+ ,indian college graduates t rev]t to ! tepee & to ! dog fea/4 ,"s ( ^! may be true1 b accord+ to ,indian psy*ology1 !re is no?+ disgraceful ab\t ?is4 ,x is ! fallacy ( ! :ite man 9 try+ to impose 8 culture on o!r peoples & 9 always assum+ t x is sup]ior to any o!r way ( liv+4 ,we are prone to po9t to ! exceptional fall f grace1 & =get ab\t ! _m :o h made a success ( _! life accord+ to our /&>ds4 ,!re are _m full-blood$ ,indian m5 & wom5 9 ,milwaukee1 :o are useful citiz5s4 ,_m ,milwaukee m5 & wom5 are pr\d ( ! ,indian /ra9 9 _! blood4 ,education has be5 ( great assi/ance to ! ,ojibwe1 :o h _m times prov5 t !y h ! same capabilities z _! :ite bro!rs4 ,! ,indian has ! same anatomical *>act]i/ics z ! ,caucasian race & is capable ( go+ f> along ! road ( education4 ,s9ce ! field "w among ! ,ojibwe 0 complet$ 9 #aibc & #aibd1 "s scatt]+ memb]s ( ! tribe h adopt$ ! peyote lodge4 ,! ,ojibwe are fond ( visit+ &1 9 ! summ] "t1 "s are always away on visits to o!r tribes 9 ,wiscons91 ,i[a1 ,m9nesota1 ! ,dakotas1 ,kansas or ,oklahoma4 ,! old idea ( fight+ o!r tribes 0 =gott5 long ago & !y feel t all r$ m5 are _! bro!rs4 ,^? ,ojibwe :o h visit$ ! ,w9nebago ,indians 9 ,wiscons9 h be5 especially influ5c$ to adopt ! peyote cult4 ,?is r>ely happ5s :]e ! ,ojibwe live 9 close contact ) _! tribesm5 on res]vations4 ,b sev]al live z isolat$ families on ! %ores ( our nor!rn lakes1 & :5 !y adopt ! peyote religion !y ?r[ ov]bo>d all ( _! m$ic9e lodge p>aph]nalia & beliefs4 ,! memb]s ( ! peyote cult1 *ew & swall[ ! peyote buttons :i* are ! button-%ap$ bran*es ( a cactus 7,lophophora williamsii7 f\nd 9 ,texas1 ,new ,mexico & ,old ,mexico4 ,! practice is said to h orig9at$ among ! ,indians ( old ,mexico4 ,"u its n>cotic influ5ce ! peyote ,indian claims to see 9 a vision & to commune ) ,jesus ,*ri/1 :o gives him ! rule ( conduct = 8 life4 ,! ,indians ju/ify _! use ( peyote by comp>+ x to ! sacram5tal w9e ( ! :ite man4 ,h[ev]1 peyote c>ries a gov]nm5tal disapproval & ! ,indian police are suppos$ to be vigilantly al]t = peyote4 ,a jail s5t5ce1 z well z confiscation ( ! supply ( peyote1 is met$ out to any memb] !y c detect us+ x4 ,ano!r type ( c]emonial dance us$ by ! ,ojibwe1 & 9 fact by all ( ! =e/ ,indians ( ,wiscons91 is ! dream dance1 su* z is %[n 9 plate #dg1 fig4 #a4 ,:ile ?is is sacr$1 x is n p]=m$ 9 secret1 & ! :ite p are (t5 invit$ to come & witness ^! dances4 ,!y d come f _m miles away to see ! ,indian dances & games4 ,at ! ,lac du ,flambeau ,res]vation1 !y p]=m sev]al k9ds ( dances1 su* z ! corn dance1 ! w>rior dance1 ! prison] dance1 ! de] hunt dance1 & _m o!rs4 ,"o dance 9 p>ticul> 0 br\ght back f ,oklahoma by ,anawabi4 ,x is call$ ! 8,squaw ,dance40 ,9 x m5 & wom5 dance toge!r1 z %[n 9 figure #bj ( ! ,museum's ,ye>book = #aibc4 ,anawabi1 ! m$ic9e man1 0 cr$it$ ) p[]s ( wit*craft z well z heal+4 ,a "y ,ojibwe boy sick ) pneumonia1 told 8 p>5ts 9 a delirium t ,anawabi _h come & 0 tak+ 8 brea? away4 ,8 p>5ts believ$ him1 & he ev5tually di$1 b be=e he did1 "s fri5d ha/5$ to ,anawabi & ,anawabi /ood n on ! ord] ( 8 go+1 b left at once = ,oklahoma :]e he /ay$ two ye>s4 ,he probably witness$ ! mod]n two /ep among ! ,oklahoma ,indians1 :i* !y call$ ! 8,squaw ,dance40 ,x is di/9ctly oppos$ to ! ,indian way ( danc+4 ,x has always be5 ! cu/om = wom5 to rema9 9 ! backgr\nd at any ( ! old "t dances1 danc+ by !mselves1 outside & back ( ! circle or gr\p ( ! m54 ,= !m to take an equal "p 9 a dance seems out ( place4 ,?is caus$ a rift 9 ! tribe1 & ! old] resid5ts at ! old ,flambeau village w h no?+ to d ) su* dances4 ,! p>ticipants 9 ! dream dance usually dress 9 all ( _! native f9]y & n[adays we> _m ornam5ts t are n ( ,ojibwe orig94 ,:ile "u ! spell ( ! s++ & drumm+1 ! danc]s assume a smil+ face & are usually oblivi\s to ! pres5ce ( any spectators4 ,! ,ojibwe use two types ( drums4 ,"o is ! l>ge dream-dance drum1 ab\t two feet 9 diamet] & f\rte5 in*es deep4 ,! o!r is a tamb\r9e-%ap$ drum ( ra:ide only a c\ple ( in*es ?ick & possibly t5 in*es 9 diamet]1 susp5d$ by a loop ( s9ew1 decorat$ ) human figures1 & beat5 ) ! h&s or a small] bone drum /ick4 ,?is drum is us$ 9 games & ! songs diff] consid]ably = ! v>i\s games4 ,la ,crosse1 ! woman's %9ny game1 ! b[l & dice game1 ! moccas9 game & o!rs are all ann\nc$ by prelim9>y songs f ! *ief1 :o accompanies himself on ! game drum4 ,9 writ+ ?is bullet91 ! sy/em adopt$ 9 previ\s bullet9s w be foll[$4 ,plants n f\nd to be ( use are includ$ 9 ?is li/1 z o!r inve/igators may f9d t !y 7 us$4 ,! li/+ ( ea* plant w be by family & ,engli% names1 foll[$ by ! ,lat9 b9omial accord+ to ,gray's ,manual ( ,botany1 !n ! ,ojibwe "n & its lit]al translation1 if t be kn[n4 ,foll[+ ?is w be ! uses1 me?ods ( use1 suppos$ prop]ties1 its value z an (ficial or eclectic drug by ! :ites1 & any kn[n my? connect$ ) x4 ,! same proc$ure w be foll[$ 9 ! o!r subhead+s "u inve/igation1 viz43 foods1 fib]s1 dyes1 & plants ( miscellane\s uses su* z utility1 good luck *>ms1 love potions & s on4 ,,ojibwe ,,m$ic9es ,! ,ojibwe are probably ! be/ in=m$ & ! /ricte/ obs]v]s ( ! m$ic9e lodge c]emonies 9 ! c\ntry4 ,_! k ( plants bo? 9 _! own environm5t & f> away is probably ! be/ ( any gr\p ( ,indians4 ,:ile _! flora is n s ri* 9 species z t ( ,indians f>!r s\?1 !y make trips f> away f _! home to obta9 necess>y plants4 ,z among ! :ite p1 "o plant may be> sev]al common names1 accord+ to diff]5t individuals 9 diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry1 & aga91 "o "n may be giv5 to sev]al plants1 z 9 ! case ( plants us$ z 8reviv]s04 ,yet1 !re is an agreem5t 9 names ( ,lac du ,flambeau & ,lee* ,lake ,ojibwe1 t well *ecks in=mation receiv$4 ,! "n is usually descriptive1 j z _! names = animals usually are ei!r descriptive or repres5tative ( ! cry or note utt]$ by ! animal1 l 8ko-ko-ko-o01 ! hoot owl1 or 8ka-ka-ka01 ! rav5 or cr[4 ,! m$ic9e "n usually tells :at ! plant looks l1 :]e x may be f\nd1 "s peculi> ta/e or prop]ty1 or its *ief use4 ,(t5 a t]m9ation is add$ signify+ ! plural ( a n\n or ! "p ( ! plant us$1 su* z ! wood1 ! leaf1 ! fl[]1 ! root1 or ! b]ry or fruit4 ,x is wor? not+ t !y und]/& ! prop] "t to ga!r ! plant "p4 ,at times1 ! m$ic9al qualities are in]t1 undevelop$ or disp]s$ by be+ too old4 ,mu* ( ! k ( :ite m5 orig9at$ f /udy+ ! ,indian plant uses1 9 ! e>ly days4 ,eclectic practition]s s\ght ! ,indian h]bs & obs]v$ c>efully :at p>ts ( ! plant 7 us$4 ,?is mass ( e>ly in=mation 0 sift$ sci5tifically by ! /ud5ts ( m$ic9e1 & f9ally te/$ physiologically on animals4 ,p]haps sixty-five p] c5t ( _! rem$ies 7 f\nd to be pot5t & are includ$ 9 our ph>macopoeas2 ! o!r ?irty-five p] c5t 7 discov]$ to be valueless m$ic9ally4 ,all ( ! ref]5ces to uses ( ! plants by :ite m5 7 obta9$ f ! #aiaf edition ( ! ,national ,/&>d ,disp5satory1 by ,h>e1 ,casp>i ,rusby4 ,! m$ic9e man dep5d$ l>gely ^u 8 reputation & (t5 cur$ fanci$ diseases by %amani/ic sugge/ions4 ,8 peculi> incantations to ! pati5t to inspire confid5ce & induce ! pati5t to ?9k he 0 gett+ well1 (t5 work$1 z x works 9 ! case ( quack doctors & cr$ul\s :ite m54 ,! "y man :o _h ! prop] dream foll[+ ! p]iod ( fa/+ 9 8 y\?1 pr$ict+ 8 pr$ilection t[>ds ! m$ic9e man's pr(ession1 0 tak5 ?r\gh a rigor\s c\rse ( tra9+4 ,individual k 0 h&$ d[n ?r\gh ! family4 ,in/ruction to boys & girls usually comes f ! uncle or aunt1 & if !y h no natural uncle or aunt1 !n "o is assign$ to !m4 ,?is is consid]$ ! close/ relation%ip among ,wiscons9 ,indians1 & :5 "o is adopt$ into ! tribe & giv5 a m$ic9e bag1 x w be ?r\gh ! sponsor%ip ( an uncle = 8 nephew4 ,among ! ,ojibwe1 bo? at ,lac du ,flambeau & at ,lac ,c\rt ,oreilles1 ! writ] is kn[n z ,%aga%k&awe 8,fly+ ,squirrel10 :i* !y say 0 ! "n ( a fam\s old *ief & m$ic9e man4 ,! ,ojibwe /ill use ! songs ess5tial to digg+ m$ic9e roots4 ,jack ,d\d1 ! old sc\t capta9 ( ! ,civil ,w>1 ( ! old ,flambeau village1 told ! writ] t ,w9abojo1 _! deity1 _h receiv$ ! se$s ( all plants f ,dzhe ,manido1 ! creator ( ! univ]se1 & t ,w9abojo _h giv5 !m to ,nokomis1 gr&mo!r1 ! ,e>?1 to keep 9 h] bosom1 = ! use ( ! ,indians4 ,jack ,d\d also said t ,w9abojo took "s ( ! native foods f 8 own body4 ,he said t ,w9abojo pull$ out a little p9* ( fle% & ?rew x on ! gr\nd tell+ x to gr[ !re z m&am9 or corn = ! ,indians4 ,ano!r p9* yield$ squa%1 ano!r beans & s on until ,w9abojo _h v little fle% left on 8 body4 ,9 o!r words1 ! ,indians did n "k ! s\rces ( _! cultivat$ crops1 & _h inv5t$ ?is tradition to attempt to expla9 _! pres5ce4 ,z ) o!r ,algonkians1 ! ,ojibwe place tobacco 9 ! cavity f :i* !y dig ! root1 z an (f]+ to ,gr&mo!r ,e>?1 to ,w9abojo1 & to ,dzhe ,manido1 pray+ 9 song to ^! deities to make _! *os5 m$ic9e pot5t4 ,! m$ic9e man or woman is usually di/+ui%$ by two long braids ( hair ov] ei!r %\ld]4 ,!y are usually %rewd diagno/icians1 & dep5d ^u _! s5ses = discov]+ ! ailm5t4 ,!y feel ! pulse rate1 look at ! pupils ( ! eyes1 at ! condition ( ! tongue1 at ! complexion v>iation1 feel ! body temp]ature & inquire :]e ! pa9 is felt4 ,f ^! symptoms !y diagnose ! disease4 ,usually !y want "t to dream ov] ! case1 & dr9k a draught ( _! own dream-induc+ m$ic9e be=e go+ to sleep4 ,9 a vision or dream1 !y are direct$ to ! prop] m$ic9e to use1 & concoct x ! foll[+ day4 ,ext]nal afflictions are treat$ ) lotions or p\ltices1 :ile int]nal tr\bles are almo/ inv>iably treat$ ) a m$ic9al tea4 ,! +r$i5ts are /eep$ 9 lukew>m wat]1 & copi\s draughts are prescrib$ sev]al times a day4 ,! writ] has tak5 su* draughts ( v>i\s m$ic9es & f9ds !m n unpleasant to ! ta/e4 ,bitt] & nause\s +r$i5ts are usually disguis$ by 8season]s0 :i* !y add to make !m ta/e good4 ,! "t allot$ = a cure is usually f\r days1 _! sacr$ numb]1 & unless !re is m>k$ improvem5t 9 ! pati5t at ! end ( t p]iod1 ! m$ic9e man w *ange ! treatm5t4 ,"s ( ! m$ic9e m5 h 8tattoo+ outfits01 :i* are n really tattoo+ outfits z we und]/& ! t]m1 b r blood-lett+ in/rum5ts4 ,%>p fi% tee? are m\nt$ at ! end ( a f\r or five-in* /ick1 & ) a quick /roke on ! upp] side ( ! elb[ or ne> ! coll> bone ! blood is caus$ to gu% out4 ,! pati5t holds ! arm out t5sely :ile ly+ d[n & :5 ! art]y is tapp$ ! blood spurts out rapidly4 ,a t\rniquet is appli$ to ! upp] arm :5 ! m$ic9e man ?9ks en\gh blood has fl[$ & ! m$ic9e man !n sucks out ! residue4 ,! w\nd is !n b&ag$ & ! t\rniquet remov$4 ,x is ! ?\ght ( ! m$ic9e man t x is necess>y to let out a c]ta9 am\nt ( bad blood1 s t ! rema9+ blood 9 ! pati5t's body c be m easily purifi$ by 8 he>t & 8 brea?+4 ,! ,ojibwe also believe t ! m$ic9e man c make bad m$ic9e z well z good1 & c prescribe c]ta9 m$ic9es f 8 m$ic9e bundle t w enable him to get ! bett] ( 8 enemies4 ,!y _h _m hunt+ *>ms :i* 7 suppos$ to help !m get game4 ,! hunt] 9 us+ ^! w\ld (t5 trace ! outl9e ( ! desir$ game ^u ! gr\nd draw+ a l9e to its he>t4 ,he w\ld !n pi]ce ! he>t ) ! l9e & put ! prop] m$ic9e on ! he>t puncture indicat$4 ,a simil> proc$ure might be foll[$ aga9/ human enemies4 ,su* practices 7 always kept a deep secret1 becom+ valueless %\ld anyone see ! p]petrator mak+ ! figure4 ,!y 7 likewise deprecat$ & res5t$ by ! tribe & puni%m5t 0 apt to foll[ anyone caught 9 su* a practice1 :i* all agre$ 0 a p]v]sion ( ! gr& m$ic9e society tea*+s4 ,mo/ ( ! rem$ies ( ! m$ic9e m5 7 kept ti$ 9 little bits ( clo?1 comp\nd$ & ready to /eep = use4 ,comb9ations ( n9e to twelve h]bs are common4 ,^! h be5 gr\nd ) a mort> & pe/le until x w\ld be difficult to id5tify ! +r$i5ts ( ! prep>$ m$ic9es4 ,ev5 if "o knew all ( ! +r$i5ts1 ! am\nts ( ea* h]b w\ld be difficult to asc]ta94 ,(t51 z 9 ! case ( ,sweet ,flag 7,acorus calamus71 ! am\nt mu/ be v limit$ s9ce ! m$ic9al effect is s sev]e4 ,! m$ic9e m5 are taught t _! m$ic9es h a great value & w n be efficaci\s if dispos$ ( *eaply4 ,s9ce money is n s pl5tiful !y are q will+ to accept pay 9 valuable goods4 ,?is may be a pony1 s _m blankets1 s mu* wild rice or :atev] ! pati5t has ( value4 ,! pati5t usually calls ! m$ic9e man = ailm5ts t h n respond$ to 8 own individual treatm5t4 ,:5 ! pati5t pays :at ! m$ic9e man ?9ks is prop]1 !n he may be told :at 0 us$ to effect ! cure1 & h[ & :5 to ga!r ! +r$i5ts & h[ to adm9i/] ! rem$y4 ,! recipi5t is admoni%$ to see t he does n imp>t ! k unless he is well paid = x1 z he paid ! m$ic9e man4 ,?is expla9s ! difficulty "o enc\nt]s :5 he tries to get m$ic9al in=mation4 ,only by completely secur+ ! confid5ce ( ! ,indians1 c a :ite man get ?is in=mation )\t pay1 & !n x mu/ be ?or\ghly und]/ood t ! inve/igator is n copy+ _! m$ic9es to take comm]cial advantage ( ?is k4 ,! ,indian is quick to appreciate favors & to ackn[l$ge ! respect t is giv5 to him by ! :ite man1 & becomes q confid5t :5 he realizes t 8 confid5ce is n abus$4 ,,ojibwe ,,m$ic9al ,,mat]ials ,:ile ! ,ojibwe use a few rem$ies outside ! plant k+dom1 !y are n ( su* great importance z among "s o!r tribes4 ,^! are "h consid]$ fir/1 ! plants foll[+ "u ! prop] families alphabetically4 ,,o!r ,,?an ,,plants ,,reptiles ,rattlesnake1 8jicigwe04 ,! fle% ( ! rattlesnake commonly kn[n z ! massasauga rattl]1 is sometimes us$ 9 comb9ation ) o!r m$ic9es1 = its lubricant effect1 simil> to ,russian m9]al oil4 ,! ,pla9s ,indians & ^? f>!r s\? 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates consid] rattlesnake meat q effici5t 9 mak+ *ildbir? easi]4 ,,fi% ,/urgeon1 8nam04 ,f9e tee? ( ! /urgeon 7 said to be us$ to make ! 8tattoo+0 tool employ$ by ! m$ic9e man 9 blood-lett+4 ,l>ge fi% bladd]s1 8pkwadj01 7 sometimes us$ z syr+es2 a holl[ duck bone b\nd ) s9ew 9 ! end ( x1 be+ us$ = anal applications4 ,,m9]als ,:ite ,clay1 8wababgan04 ,:ite clay 0 sometimes mix$ ) m$ic9al p[d]s to make !m into pellets or pills1 & ! clay 0 suppos$ to be a m$ic9e1 too1 b = :at purpose we 7 unable to discov]4 ,r$ ,clay 8osaman0 0 also us$ 9 fabricat+ p\ltices & 0 suppos$ to help draw out ! inflammation4 ,,mammals ,be>1 8mkwo04 ,be>'s fat 0 us$ 9 sev]al comp\nds4 ,melt$ alone & swall[$ x became a dra/ic physic4 ,buds ( ! ,balsam ,popl> 7,populus balsamif]a7 & ! ,l>ge-too!d ,popl> 7,populus gr&id5tata7 /ew$ 9 be> fat1 yield$ an aromatic salve t 0 us$ 9 cur+ e>-a*e1 soo?+ boils1 & heal+ w\nds & ulc]s4 ,,ojibwe ,,m$ic9al ,,plants ,,ac]aceae 7,,maple ,,family7 ,box ,eld] 7,ac] negundo ,l471 8adjagobimk01 %[n 9 plate #fh1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,pillag] ,b& ( ,ojibwe report$ t ! inn] b>k ( ! box-eld] is /eep$ to make an emetic4 ,!re is no record ( its use by ! :ites4 ,r$ ,maple 7,ac] rubrum ,l47 8cicigmewc01 %[n 9 plate #fe1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe boil ! b>k ( ! r$ maple to obta9 a tea ) :i* to wa% & cure sore eyes4 ,!re is no record ( its use by ! :ites4 ,m\nta9 ,maple 7,ac] spicatum ,lam47 8cacagobimk0 emetic b>k4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe extract ! pi? ( ! twig & p9* (f small p>ticles :i* are put into ! eye l flax se$ to remove =eign matt]4 ,x becomes /icky & holds =eign matt] :i* c !n be remov$ ) ! pi?4 ,! pi? is also soak$ 9 wat] to make a lotion = treat+ sore eyes4 ,among ! :ites1 ,m\nta9 ,maple b>k is (t5 ga!r$ & sold = ,cramp ,b>k 7,viburnum opulus ,l4 v>4 am]icanum ,mill4 ,ait47 ,9 fact1 x has (t5 be5 :olly sub/itut$ = x1 & seems ab\t z effective z a ut]9e s$ative & prev5tative ( abortion4 ,,alismaceae 7,,wat]-,,planta9 ,,family7 ,arum-leav$ ,arr[head 7,sagitt>ia arifolia ,nutt47 8wabasi pn0 :ite potato4#ib ,^u %ort lat]al rootlets1 among/ ! mass ( fibr\s roots ( ! arr[head1 firm corms develop1 p9ki%-:ite & bulb-%ap$1 b solid & compos$ ( a sweeti%1 />*y texture4 ,^! are ! *oice ,indian potatoes4 ,^! corms break away f ! root mass v easily s t ! utmo/ c>e is necess>y 9 digg+ to get !m 9 situ4 ,muskrats are v fond ( !m1 z are beav]s1 & sometimes /ore up l>ge cov]$ ca*es1 :i* ! ,indian recognizes & appropriates4 ,!y w also dig = !m1 if !y _c be m easily obta9$4 ,:ile !y are *iefly priz$ = food1 !y are also tak5 to be a rem$y = indige/ion among ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe4 ,,anac>diaceae 7,,sumac ,,family7 ,smoo? ,sumac 7,rhus glabra ,l47 8bakwa nak0 b9d+ tree4 ,accord+ to ,jack ,d\d & o!r ,flambeau ,ojibwe all p>ts ( ! ,smoo? ,sumac are suitable = m$ic9e1 ! root b>k1 trunk b>k1 twig b>k1 leaves1 fl[]s & fruit4 ,! root b>k tea is us$ z a hemo/atic4 ,trunk & twig inn]b>k are us$ 9 comb9ation ) o!r m$ic9e = _! a/r+5t qualities4 ,blossoms are sometimes /eep$ = sore eyes1 leaves are us$ 9 p\ltices1 & ! fruit is consid]$ a ?roat cleans] z well z be+ ! basis ( a bev]age4 ,eclectic practition]s1 or ! old "t h]bali/s1 us$ ! b]ries ( ,rhus glabra because ( ! malic acid 9 ! sk91 claim+ x to be a good g>gle 9 acute ?roat inflammation4 ,/aghorn ,sumac 7,rhus typh9a ,l47 8bakwana tg0 b9d+ tree4#ic ,! ,/aghorn ,sumac 0 abs5t f ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe t]ritory1 b pl5tiful ar\nd ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota1 :ile ! ,smoo? ,sumac 0 n f\nd ne> ,lee* ,lake4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe only us$ ! root z a m$ic9e to /op a hemorrhage4 ,!y sugge/$ t !y _h he>d ( x be+ us$ 9 m$ic9al comb9ations b did n "k h[ to make or use !m4 ,poison ,ivy 7,rhus toxicod5dron ,l47 8anmkibg0 cl\d1 %[n 9 plate #fh1 fig4 #a4 ,mukwean 7,be>sk971 ,flambeau m$ic9e man1 call$ ?is a poison to ! sk9 & said t ! ,ojibwe h no di/9ctive "n = x4 ,john ,pep]1 "o ( ! ,be> ,isl& ,pillag] ,indians1 gave u ! ,indian "n & said t no "o n[ alive !re knew h[ to use x4 ,s9ce ,kepeosatok1 ,meskwaki m$ic9e man1 at ,tama1 ,i[a1 us$ x 9 a c]ta9 mann] = p\ltic+ "s k9ds ( swell+s1 ! writ] ?9ks ?is may be ! use to :i* ,john ,pep] ref]r$4 ,,apocynaceae 7,,dogbane ,,family7 ,spread+ ,dogbane 7,apocynum &rosaemifolium ,l47 8wesa wckwn0 ne>ly blue fl[]s or 8magose cnakwk0 ne$le-l4#id ,be>sk91 ,flambeau m$ic9e man1 said t ! /alk & root ( ?is plant are /eep$ to make a tea = wom5 to dr9k4 ,x keeps ! kidneys free dur+ pregnancy4 ,o!r ,flambeau ,ojibwe agre$ ) ! use b cit$ ! second "n z m correct = x4 ,"u ! ,ojibwe "n ( 8mdewdjibk0 m$ic9e lodge root1 ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe decl>$ x to be "o ( ! sacr$ roots t is eat5 dur+ ! m$ic9e lodge c]emony4 ,!y use x also = ?roat tr\ble4 ,:5 "o has a coat$ tongue & is afflict$ ) heada*e1 ! root is also us$4 ,9 ! case ( heada*e1 ! root is plac$ ^u live coals & ! inc5se is inhal$4 ,,aquifoliaceae 7,,holly ,,family7 ,w9t]b]ry 7,ilex v]ticillata ,l4 ,gray71 8awensibg0 w9t]gre5 leaf1 & 8anmcmnn0 dog b]ry4 ,! b>k ( ?is native holly is m$ic9e among ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 b ! use c\ld n be discov]$1 o!r ?an t x might be us$ = di>rhea4 ,w9t]b]ry has be5 employ$ by eclectic practition]s z a tonic & a/r+5t4 ,x has be5 sub/itut$ = qu99e 9 ! treatm5t ( p]iodical fev]s1 & also us$ 9 ! treatm5t ( di>rhea4 ,! eclectic practition] has also us$ x 9 treat+ malignant ulc]s & *ronic sk9 eruptions4 ,m\nta9 ,holly 7,nemopan?us mucronata ,l4 ,trel471 8mckimn nmc0 r$ b]ry tree1 %[n 9 plate #fe1 fig4 #b4 ,?is bu% is v common ar\nd ! res]vation ( ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe & ! b]ries are us$ z m$ic9e1 b ! writ] 0 unable to discov] = :at disease or h[ us$4 ,!re is no record ( its use among ! :ites4 ,,araceae 7,,arum ,,family7 ,sweet ,flag 7,acorus calamus ,l47 8na bgck0 some?+ flat4 ,! root ( ,sweet ,flag is a quick act+ physic1 suppos$ to act 9 half a day4 ,be>sk9 caution$ ! writ] t no m ?an "o & a half in*es 0 to be us$1 z m w\ld make "o ill1 & ev5 ?is mu* is q h>%4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe recognize ! ,sweet ,flag "u ! "n 8weke01 :i* is ! same ^w us$ by ano!r tribe = ! ,yell[ ,wat]-lily1 & by ano!r = ! ,blue ,flag4 ,john ,pep] said t ! root 0 us$ = cur+ a cold 9 ! ?roat or = cur+ a cramp 9 ! /oma*4 ,9 e>li] days1 among ! :ites1 slices 7 c&i$ to create a m popul> =m ( m$ication4 ,x 0 =m]ly us$ among ! :ite m5 z a tonic = dyspepsia & = correct+ flatul5t colic4 ,x 0 also suppos$ to be b5eficial z a mild /imulant 9 typhoid cases4 ,indian ,turnip 7,arisaema triphyllum ,l4 ,s*ott471 8caca gomn40#ie ,! root ( ,indian ,turnip 0 said by ,john ,pep]1 ,be> ,isl& ,ojibwe1 to be us$ 9 treat+ sore eyes1 b he did n "k h[ to use x4 ,"o wond]s if ! calcium oxalate cry/als s firefull to ! m\? l9+ 7 equally s to ! delicate membranes ( ! eye4 ,small doses ( ! p>tially dri$ root h be5 us$ by ! :ite man 9 ! treatm5t ( *ronic bron*itis1 a/hma1 flatul5t colic & rheumatism1 c]ta9ly widely diff]5t maladies4 ,! juice ( ! fre% corm 9 l>d has be5 us$ by ! :ite man z a local application to cure r+worm4 ,,araliaceae 7,,g9s5g ,,family7 ,wild ,s>sap>illa 7,aralia nudicaulis ,l47 8bebamabi k0 root runs f> ?r\gh ! gr\nd4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe recognize ! root ( ?is plant z a /rong m$ic9e1 b d n /eep x to make tea4 ,! fre% root is p\nd$ & appli$ z a p\ltice to br+ a boil to a head or to cure a c>buncle4 ,among ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 ! writ] f\nd two names appli$ to ?is1 "o ( :i* he ?9ks to be a case ( mi/ak5 id5tification by ! in=mant4 8,o kadak0 wild c>rot is m likely to ref] to ,aralia racemosa ?\gh no specim5s 7 f\nd !re4 ,!y us$ x "u ?is "n z a special squaw rem$y = blood purification dur+ pregnancy4 ,! root 0 p\nd$ 9 a mort>1 !n boil$ 9 hot wat]4 ,"u _! "n 8wabo s skwe0 rabbit ! root 0 prep>$ ! same way & ! tea 0 us$ to cure a c\gh4 ,among ! :ite m51 ?is root has ! same prop]ties & uses z ! ,indian ,spik5>d 7,aralia racemosa72 namely1 /imulant1 diaphoretic1 & alt]ative4 ,g9s5g 7,panax qu9quefolium ,l47 8jssns40 ,evid5tly ! ^w !y us$ 0 an attempt to pron\nce ! :ite man's t]m = x4 ,! writ] 0 unable to discov] any m$ical use made ( x by ! ,ojibwe1 ?\gh !y ga!r$ x assidu\sly = sale to ! trad]s4 ,_! me?od ( ga!r+ 0 a ?\ghtful "o4 ,al?\gh !y und\bt$ly recogniz$ x 9 any /age ( gr[?1 !y only ga!r$ ! root :5 ! r$ b]ries 7 mature1 b be=e !y 7 ready to drop4 ,into ! hole f :5ce ! root came1 !y w\ld ?ru/ ! :ole fruit+ top1 & c>efully firm ! soil ^u x4 ,kn[+ ! location well1 !y w\ld revisit ! place 9 ?ree to five ye>s & f9d m roots ?an !y h>ve/$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,accord+ to our ph>macopoeia1 ! m$ic9al value ( g9s5g is almo/ no?+1 b !re is a great m>ket = x 9 ,*9a1 :]e x is wor%ipp$ z a sort ( feti%1 & is acclaim$ z a panacea = sexual impot5cy1 n]v\sness1 vomit+ & dyspepsia4 ,! m ne>ly ! root approximates ! human torso1 ! m valuable x is to ! ,*9ese4 ,?us "o root 9 a six hundr$-p\nd bale may be wor? _m times ! entire rema9d] ( ! bale1 & :5 t5 doll>s a p\nd is ! price1 "o c realize ! extreme value ( su* a piece4 ,,ari/olo*iaceae 7,,bir?wort ,,family7 ,wild ,g+] 7,as>um canad5se ,l4 v>4 acum9atum ,a%e47 8"n pn0 /urgeon potato4#if ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe call$ ?is a potato = sick p4 ,!y are suppos$ to *ew ! root1 & !n !y c eat any?+ !y desire4 ,! :ite man calls ?is ,canada ,snak]oot 9 8 disp5satories1 consid]+ x a feeble rem$y ) tonic1 aromatic & diuretic prop]ties4 ,cases ( convalesc5t acute febrile infections are sometimes giv5 ! extract ( wild g+] root4 ,,asclepiadaceae 7,,milkwe$ ,,family7 ,common ,milkwe$ 7,asclepias syriaca ,l47 8cabo skn0 milk or 8nniwnj0 ,indian plant1 accord+ to ,flambeau ,ojibwe4#ig ,al?\gh ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe us$ ?is *iefly = food1 ! root 0 also us$ z a female rem$y1 b = :at phase ( illness1 we 7 n able to discov]4 ,eclectic practition]s h us$ ! roots z c\nt]-irritants or int]nally z /oma*ics1 c>m9atives1 or anti-spasmodics ( ! /imulat+ class4 ,,balsam9aceae 7,,t\*-,,me-,,n ,,family7 ,spott$ ,t\*-me-n 7,impati5s biflora ,walt47 8wesa ws gaskonk0 yell[ light4 ,be>sk91 ,flambeau m$ic9e man said t ! fre% juice ( ?is plant rubb$ on ! head w\ld cure a heada*e4 ,! leaves are /eep$ = a m$ic9al tea1 b ! ailm5t 0 undiscov]$4 ,! h]bage ( ?is plant1 "u ! "n ,wild ,celad9e1 has be5 l>gely employ$ by homoeopa?ic physicians & eclectics4 ,! *emical con/itu5ts are n kn[n ?\gh ! leaves app>5tly conta9 tann94 ,! m$ic9al value is que/ionable1 ?\gh fre% applications ( ! juice appe> to relieve sk9 irritations ( v>i\s k9ds1 especially t ( ,poison ,ivy4 ,,b]b]idaceae 7,,b>b]ry ,,family7 ,blue ,coho% 7,caulophyllum ?alictroides ,l4 ,mi*x74 8oci gmc04#ih ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! root = female tr\bles especially = cramps 9 ! /oma* dur+ pa9ful m5/ruation4 ,! f9e roots are also boil$ to make a tea = emetic purposes4 ,:ite p seldom use x4 ,eclectics h us$ x 9 ! treatm5t ( hy/]ia & ut]9e diseases4 ,!y h claim$ t x w prev5t abortion1 by caus+ ut]9e contraction :5 ut]9e in]tia is pres5t4 ,,betulaceae 7,,bir* ,,family7 ,speckl$ ,ald] 7,alnus incana ,l4 ,mo5*47 8wado bn0 root to sew a canoe4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root = its hemo/atic qualities4 ,:5 "o passes blood 9 8 /ools1 ! root tea w act z an a/r+5t & coagulant4 ,! :ite man has also us$ ald] b>k = its mild a/r+5t prop]ties4 ,! eclectic practition] 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada employ$ x 9 a p[d]$ condition = du/+ ^u *af$ body surfaces4 ,pap] ,bir* 7,betula alba ,l4 v>4 papyrif]a ,m>%4 ,spa*47 8wgwas04 ,f 8wgwas0 comes ! ^w 8wigwam0 or h\se1 because bir* b>k 0 us$ 9 cov]+ ! h\se1 furni%+ a wat]pro( ro(4 ,! root ( ! ,pap] ,bir* 0 us$ 9 m$ic9es z a season]4 ,its sweeti%1 aromatic1 w9t]gre5 flavor disguis$ less pleasant doses4 ,! root b>k & maple sug> cook$ toge!r made a soo?+ syrup to alleviate cramps 9 ! /oma*4 ,! :ite man has employ$ only ! leaves m$ic9ally z a diuretic4 ,l[ ,bir* 7,betula pumila ,l4 v>4 gl&ulif]a ,regel47 8bne mc9s0 p>tridge tips4 ,among ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 ! ,l[ ,bir* is a valu$ s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,al?\gh x is pl5tiful ar\nd ! ,flambeau ,res]vation1 none ( !m seem$ to consid] x m$ic9e1 al?\gh _! "n agre$1 8bne mc01 )\t ! dim9utive4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! t9y cones ^u a plate ( coals z an inc5se to cure cat>rh4 ,no d\bt ! res9\s cov]+ ( ! twigs & cones 9 ?is v>iety causes ! aromatic inc5se4 ,also a tea made f ! cones is drunk by wom5 9 _! m5ses4 ,su* tea is also acc\nt$ /r5g!n+ :5 ! pati5t is enfeebl$ by *ildbir?4 ,! leaves probably possess diuretic prop]ties z d o!r species ( ,betula4 ,no record ( its use by :ite m5 has be5 discov]$4 ,hazelnut 7,corylus am]icana ,walt47 8mkwobaga nak0 be> nut4#ii ,be>sk9 said t ! b>k ( ! hazelnut bu% is m$ic9e4 ,x is boil$ & us$ z a p\ltice on cuts to close & heal !m4 ,no record ( its m$ical use by :ite m5 has be5 discov]$4 ,beak$ ,hazelnut 7,corylus ro/rata ,ait471 8bagan0 or 8baganak0 nut ,flambeau names1 & 8baganamijic0 nut tree1 ,pillag] "n4 ,be>sk9 assign$ ! same prop]ties & uses to ! b>k ( ! ,beak$ ,hazelnut z to ! ,hazelnut4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe us$ only ! hairs ( ! hazelnut husk z a m$ic9e to expel worms4 ,eclectic practition]s h us$ x 9 ! same mann] z an an!lm9tic1 dep5d+ probably on ! irritant effect ( ! t9y /ick]s4 ,,borag9aceae 7,,borage ,,family7 ,h\nd's ,tongue 7,cynoglossum boreale ,f]nald71 8masan04 ,?ree t]ms are us$ to d5ote ! action ( su* plants z ?is1 :i* are burn$ ^u live coals t ! pati5t may inhale ! fumes4 ,!y are3 8aba bson01--to revive or 8head /&+ by smoke02 8sasa bkwat01--to snuff x2 & 8nokwe skn01--8smell z x comes04 ,!y are us$ int]*angeably 9 designat+ ! use ( ! plant4 ,h\nd's ,tongue is specifically fum$ to cure a heada*e4 ,among ! :ites1 ,h\nd's ,tongue has be5 recomm5d$ z a s$ative & demulc5t 9 ! treatm5t ( bron*ial & pulmon>y affections4 ,x is said to be ( value also 9 dys5t]y4 ,! fre% leaves are us$ locally z a rem$y = sup]ficial burns & abrad$ surfaces4 ,,campanulaceae 7,,bellfl[] ,,family7 ,m>% ,bellfl[] 7,campanula ap>9oides ,pur%47 ,al?\gh pl5tiful ar\nd ! ,lac du ,flambeau region1 our in=mants said t ?is is n us$4 ,h>ebell 7,campanula rotundifolia ,l47 8adotagons0 little bell4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! root ( ! ,h>ebell comb9$ ) ?ree o!r unnam$ roots = lung tr\bles4 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ites4 ,,caprifoliaceae 7,,honeysuckle ,,family7 ,bu% ,honeysuckle 7,di]villa lonic]a ,mill471 8osawa skanet0 yell[ fluid4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root toge!r ) o!r plants su* z ! ,gr\nd ,p9e1 = _! mo/ valu$ ur9>y rem$y4 ,x is also kn[n among :ite m5 z a diuretic & a rem$y to relieve it*+4 ,r$ ,eld]b]ry 7,sambucus racemosa ,l471 8papaskatcksiganatg0 popgun wood4 ,accord+ to ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 ?is b>k is an emetic or a purgative1 dep5d+ ^u h[ x is prep>$ = use4 ,x is a la/ resort purgative to be us$ :5 o!r rem$ies = ! same compla9t are ( no avail4 ,x may be said t ! ,ojibwe h m plants = physic ?an = any o!r purpose1 ?us ! ,r$ ,eld] w be se5 to be _! mo/ important "o4 ,f\r int]nodes ( ! /alk are tak51 because f\r is _! magic numb]4 ,^! sections are measur$ c>efully f ! po9t ( ! ulna to ! po9t ( ! hum]us4 ,! inn] b>k is secur$ by peel+ d[nw>d4 ,?is is /eep$ & boil$1 & ! result+ liquid is drunk = con/ipation4 ,x is suppos$ to ?us save ! life ( "o ?reat5$ ) s]i\s con/ipation4 ,x is res]v$ = extreme cases1 because ( ! _m o!r physics !y employ1 & !y consid] x dra/ic & dang]\s o!rwise4 ,if ^! same f\r /icks _h be5 peel$ upw>ds & ! result+ tea drunk1 !n x w\ld h act$ z a p[]ful emetic4 ,! writ] c te/ify to its /r5g?1 b notes t x works bo? ways at once1 no matt] h[ prep>$1 s t ! me?od ( prep>ation is d\btless sup]/iti\s4 ,among ! :ites only ! eld] fl[]s are recogniz$ 9 ! ,new ,=mul>y1 b ! inn] b>k has be5 kn[n to produce dea? 9 *ildr51 a %ort "t aft] be+ eat51 ) symptoms simil> to ,poison ,hemlock 7,cicuta74 ,9 mod]ate doses1 x is also kn[n to produce vomit+ & purg+4 ,! active alkaloid evid5tly works only 9 ! fre% /ate1 z x loses its pot5cy 9 a dri$ /ate4 ,sn[b]ry 7,symphoric>pos racemosus ,mi*x47 8angomiji mnagawnj0 little cr[ bu%4 ,among ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 ! root ( ! ,sn[b]ry is us$ to make a tea to cle> up ! aft]bir?1 & enable quick] convalesc5ce4 ,among ! ,meskwaki ,indians ! same use is ascrib$ to ! ,wolfb]ry 7,symphoric>pos occid5talis74 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ite m54 ,nannyb]ry 7,viburnum l5tago ,l471 8atte tamnn0 or 8atte tamnagawnj40#ajj ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe collect ! inn] b>k ( ! trunk1 d[n l[ next to ! gr\nd1 to yield a tea :i* is us$ z a diuretic4 ,among ! :ite m51 ,nannyb]ry is (t5 sold z ,viburnum prunifolium :i* is (ficial 9 our ph>macopoeia4 ,! virtues assign$ to ?is class ( m$ic9e are z feeble z !y are num]\s4 ,x has be5 us$ z a n]v9e1 a/r+5t1 tonic1 diuretic & has be5 said to h value z an ut]9e s$ative & prev5tive ( abortion4 ,highbu% ,cranb]ry 7,viburnum opulus ,l4 v>4 am]icanum ,mill4 ,ait47 8anibmngawck0 anib means elm1 b]ries1 bu%4#aja ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe us$ ! inn] b>k z a physic1 & also drank ! tea to cure cramps 9 ! /oma*4 ,among ! :ite m51 ,viburnum opulus is consid]$ to be ! same z ,viburnum prunifolium1 only less pot5t4 ,x is recomm5d$ z an antispasmodic 9 a/hma1 hy/]ia1 pu]p]al convulsions1 & dysm5orrhea4 ,,c>yophyllaceae 7,,p9k ,,family7 ,:ite ,campion 7,ly*nis alba ,mill47 8basi bgk0 small leaf4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root ( ?is = a tea to physic a pati5t4 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ite m54 ,,cela/raceae 7,,/aff ,,tree ,,family7 ,climb+ ,bitt]sweet 7,cela/rus sc&5s ,l47 8mandobima kwt0 _s-twi/$4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! r$ b]ries ( ?is plant = /oma* tr\ble4 ,! :ite man uses ! b]ries = decorative purposes1 & has us$ ! b>k = emetic1 diaphoretic & antisyphilitic purposes4 ,,compositae 7,,composite ,,family7 ,! composite family is repres5t$ by _m species 9 nor!rn ,wiscons9 & also 9 nor!rn ,m9nesota4 ,!re are probably ?ree times z _m plants 9 ?is family z 9 any o!r1 h5ce x furni%es num]\s m$ic9es4 ,woolly ,y>r[ 7,a*illea lanulosa ,nutt471 8wa bgwn0 :ite-fl[]4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 "u ! "n giv51 use ! leaves ( ?is plant z a p\ltice to cure ! bite ( a spid]4 ,! dri$ fl[]+ heads are smok$ 9 mixture ) o!r ?+s1 mu* z k9nik9nik1 n = pleasure1 b m = c]emonial purposes4 ,x has n be5 di/+ui%$ by ! eclectic practition] f ! ,common ,y>r[1 :i* 0 us$ = its bitt] & aromatic pr9ciples4 ,x 0 us$ z an emm5agogue & = v>i\s ailm5ts ( ! reproductive organs4 ,x 0 sometimes us$ to cure diseas$ conditions ( ! entire ga/ro-inte/9al tract4 ,y>r[ 7,a*illea millefolium ,l471 8adjidamo ank0 squirrel tail4#ajb ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe us$ ! florets 9 c]emonial smok+ & plac$ !m on a b$ ( coals inhal+ ! smoke to break a fev]4 ,y>r[ has always be5 a home rem$y ( ! :ite man1 & ! ,g]mans /ill use ! dri$ fl[]s 9 a tea1 call$ 8s*afesg>betee01 to break a fev]4 ,o!r uses are ! same z above4 ,pe>ly ,ev]la/+ 7,anaphalis m>g>itacea ,l4 ,b4 ,h471 8basi bagk0 small leaf4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! fl[]s ( ?is plant1 call+ att5tion to ! fact t x smells l acorns1 r$uc+ !m to a p[d] :i* is spr9kl$ on live coals z a 8nokwe sgn0 or p]fume4 ,?is is inhal$ by a p>ty :o has _h a /roke ( p>alysis & is said to revive him4 ,! ,pe>ly ,ev]la/+ has nev] be5 prop]ly analyz$ by :ite m51 b ! fl[]s h be5 locally us$ by !m z soo?+ expectorants & are kn[n to h m or less m>k$ /oma*ic prop]ties4 ,less] ,cat's-,foot 7,ant5n>ia neodioica ,gre5e7 8gagge bg0 ev]la/+ leaf4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! :ole h]b z a valu$ rem$y to make a tea to be giv5 to ! "m aft] *ild bir?4 ,x is to purge ! aft]bir? & heal !m int]nally4 ,eclectic practition]s h us$ ?is plant z a hemo/atic4 ,common ,burdock 7,arctium m9us ,b]nh471 8gi masan0 big /ick]s4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root ( burdock z "o ( ! +r$i5ts ( a m$ic9e = pa9 9 ! /oma*4 ,x is also suppos$ to h a tonic effect4 ,burdock root has q a reputation among home practition]s among ! :ite m5 z a diaphoretic1 diuretic1 alt]ative1 ap]i5t & depurative4 ,x has be5 us$ = rheumatism1 g\t1 pulmon>y cat>rh1 *ronic sk9 diseases su* z scr(ula & syphilis1 & to dissolve ur9>y deposits4 ,ext]nally x has be5 us$ z a salve or wa% = eruptions1 burns1 w\nds1 hemorrhoids & swell+4 ,:ite ,sage 7,artemisia ludoviciana ,nutt47 8mbjgoa0 accord+ to ,:ite ,cl\d1 ,be> ,isl& ,ojibwe1 b 8wngskw0 or 8bebejigoganji0 horse m$ic9e by ,john ,pep]1 ano!r ,be> ,isl&]4 ,pep] said ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe us$ x z a horse m$ic9e1 b ! ,si\x smok$ x4 ,m9]s & fronti]sm5 priz$ x 9 _! treatm5t ( 8m\nta9 fev]s40 ,l>ge-leav$ ,a/] 7,a/] macrophyllus ,l471 8naskosi cs04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe consid] ?is a feeble rem$y b also good z a *>m 9 hunt+4 ,"y roots 7 us$ to make a tea to ba! ! head = heada*e4 ,! in=mant giv+ ?is latt] use call$ x 8megsi bg0 eagle leaf4 ,!re is no record ( its use by ! :ites4 ,ox-eye ,daisy 7,*rysan!mum leucan!mum ,l474 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe _h no "n = ?is1 z !y said x 0 f ! s\?1 & !y d n use x4 ,canada ,?i/le 7,cirsium arv5se ,l4 ,scop47 8masa nck0 prickly4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! plant = a b[el tonic4 ,canada ,?i/le is "o ( ! wor/ ,am]ican we$s1 & :ite m5 h us$ ! dri$ plant = a diuretic & tonic4 ,common ,?i/le 7,cirsium lanceolatum ,l4 ,hill71 8ji masanck04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root ( ?is = alleviat+ /oma* cramps 9 bo? m5 & wom54 ,! dri$ plant has be5 us$ by ! :ites z a diuretic & tonic4 ,philadelphia ,fleabane 7,erig]on philadelphicus ,l47 8mcaogacan0 odor ( de] ho(4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! fl[]s to make a tea to break fev]s4 ,! smoke ( ! dri$ fl[]s is inhal$ to cure a cold 9 ! head4 ,! disk fl[]s1 pulv]iz$1 7 snuff$ up ! no/rils to cause ! pati5t to sneeze & ?us loos5 a cold 9 ! head4 ,! :ites h us$ ! ,canada ,fleabane z a rem$y 9 ! ph>macopoeia1 & also h us$ ! ,philadelphia ,fleabane locally1 b = diff]5t purposes4 ,x is diuretic r ?an a/r+5t4 ,daisy ,fleabane 7,erig]on ramosus ,walt4 ,,bsp74 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe d n assign ?is plant a special "n b class x z a 8nokwe sgn0 or p]fume = cur+ sick heada*e4 ,sev]al species ( ,erig]on h be5 sub/itut$ by :ite m5 = ! ,canada ,fleabane1 :i* is us$ z a diaphoretic & expectorant4 ,joe-,pye ,we$ 7,eupatorium purpureum ,l471 8b gs[e0 ba?+4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe make a /rong solution ( ! root1 ) :i* to wa% a papoose up till ! "t he is six ye>s old4 ,?is is suppos$ to /r5g!n him4 ,joe-,pye is (fic9al b n (ficial among :ite m54 ,(ficial designates t x is au?oriz$ by ! ,u4 ,s4 ,ph>macopoeia :ile (fic9al means t x is regul>ly kept = sale 9 drug /ores4 ,(fic9al rem$ies are mu* us$ by eclectic practition]s4 ,! root has ! odor ( old hay & is diuretic1 /imulant1 a/r+5t & tonic4 ,x has be5 us$ 9 *ronic ur9>y disord]s1 g\t1 rheumatism1 & hematuria4 ,tall ,blue ,lettuce 7,lactuca spicata ,lam4 ,hit*c471 8dadocabo0 milk4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe employ ! plant to make a tea giv5 to wom5 ) cak$ brea/s to r5d] lactation easi]4 ,a dog :isk] hair is us$ to pi]ce ! teat4 ,among :ite m5 ,lactuca 0 =m]ly employ$ z a soporific & s$ative4 ,:ite ,lettuce 7,pr5an?us alba ,l471 8weca ws wa ckwnsk0 yell[ light4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! milk ( ! ,:ite ,lettuce z a diuretic1 especially 9 female diseases4 ,! root is also us$ z a female rem$y4 ,:ite m5 h us$ ! root decoction int]nally = dys5t]y4 ,old "t h]b doctors gave ! milk ( ! plant int]nally1 & us$ ! leaves1 /eep$ 9 hot wat]1 z a p\ltice = ! bite ( a snake4 ,black-ey$ ,susan 7,rudbeckia hirta ,l474 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe claim t ?is plant is adv5tive f ! s\? & h no "n or use = x4 ,x has be5 us$ by ! :ite m5 z a diuretic4 ,gold5 ,ragwort 7,s5ecio aureus ,l474 ,entire-leav$ ,gr\ndsel 7,s5ecio integ]rimus ,nutt47 ,bo? ( ^! plants are consid]$ adv5tive by ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe & nei!r 0 nam$ nor us$4 ,"u ! "n squaw we$1 :ite m5 h exploit$ ! ,gold5 ,ragwort z a female regulator1 claim+ diuretic1 pectoral1 diaphoretic & tonic prop]ties4 ,x is also said to be useful 9 treat+ gravel & o!r ur9>y affections4 ,indian ,cup ,plant 7,silphium p]foliatum ,l471 8asasa weskk0 squ>e /em4 ,accord+ to ,john ,:ite ,fea!r1 ( ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 ?is root 0 c>ri$ f ,i[a & transplant$ on ! ,lac du ,flambeau ,ojibwe ,res]vation4 ,!y all accept x z great m$ic9e4 ,a tea is made f ! root = lumbago & "s o!r k9ds ( rheumatic pa9s 9 ! back4 ,john ,pep]1 ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 gave x ! same ,indian "n & said t an old ,indian _h br\ght x to ,be> ,isl& f ,i[a a hundr$ ye>s ago1 & _h plant$ x 9 8 field1 :5ce x escap$ to ! s\? end ( ! isl&4 ,he said !y use x = /oma* tr\ble1 & hemorrhage4 ,:ite m5 h us$ ! ,indian ,cup ,plant root = its tonic1 diaphoretic & alt]ative prop]ties4 ,x has also be5 us$ 9 int]mitt5t fev]s1 ulc]s1 liv] affections & debility4 ,! res9\s gum collect$ f ! /em has be5 us$ by ! :ites z a /imulant & antispasmodic4 ,fragrant ,gold5-rod 7,solidago gram9ifolia ,l4 ,salisb471 8wasa waskwnek0 yell[ light4 ,besides be+ ( use 9 hunt+ m$ic9e1 ! fl[]s 9 infusion 7 us$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe = a pa9 9 ! *e/4 ,gold5-rod leaves & fl[]s h at times held a r important place 9 mat]ia m$ica1 = _! c>m9ative1 & antispasmodic prop]ties4 ,!y h also be5 us$ z an inte/9al a/r+5t4 ,tansy 7,tanacetum vulg>e ,l47 8muckikiwt0 m$ic9e4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe h no di/9ctive "n = ?is plant1 claim+ x came f ! s\? & !y 7 told x 0 good = fev]s4 ,among :ite m51 x is deem$ tonic1 emm5agogue & diaphoretic4 ,x has be5 us$ 9 a cold infusion 9 convalesc5ce f exhau/+ diseases1 dyspepsia1 hy/]ia & jaundice4 ,d&elion 7,t>axacum (fic9ale ,web]7 8wesausakwnek0 yell[ light4#ajc ,:ile ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe d n use ?is plant1 ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe give x a "n & use ! root = a tea = he>tburn4 ,x 0 f\nd gr[+ at ! nor? end ( ,be> ,isl& 9 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota4 ,among ! :ites1 ! virtues ( ! root are mu* ov]rat$4 ,! dri$ root is /eep$ 9 boil+ wat] & is us$ z a /oma*ic & tonic1 ) slight diuretic & ap]i5t action4 ,cocklebur 7,xan?ium commune ,britton71 8sakatikomk0 /ick]s4 ,al?\gh giv+ x a "n1 ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe did n use x4 ,x has be5 us$ by :ite m5 9 int]mitt5t fev]s1 also z a diuretic1 diaphoretic & sialagogue4 ,,cornaceae 7,,dogwood ,,family7 ,alt]nate-leav$ ,dogwood 7,cornus alt]nifolia ,l4 f47 8mosomc0 moose tree4#ajd ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! inn] b>k = an emetic4 ,al?\gh o!r species ( ,cornus are (fic9al ) :ite m51 !re is no record ( ! use ( ?is species4 ,bun*b]ry 7,cornus canad5sis ,l47 8ode imndji bk0 /rawb]ry root1 or he>t-b]ry root4 ,! ,bun*b]ry or ,dw>f ,cornel some:at resembles ! ,wild ,/rawb]ry4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe make a tea f ! root1 :i* is us$ to cure babies ( colic4 ,!re is no record ( its m$ic9al use by ! :ites1 ?\gh x has be5 eat5 by !m4 ,panicl$ ,dogwood 7,cornus paniculata ,l',h]471 8meskwabi mc0 r$ bu%4 ,x is peculi> t ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe w\ld call ?is a r$ bu%1 = ! bran*es are di/9ctly gray4 ,only ! fruit /alks or p$icels are bright r$4 ,! b>k is us$ z a tea = flux4 ,an aggregate ( ?is b>k compress$ into a /opp] %ape is =c$ into ! anus z a treatm5t = piles4 ,!re is no record ( its use by ! :ites4 ,,crucif]ae 7,,mu/>d ,,family7 ,t[] ,mu/>d 7,arabis glabra ,l4 ,b]nh471 8misodjidamo ank0 black squirrel tail4 ,al?\gh ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe h a "n = ?is plant1 !y say x is f ! s\?1 & !y d n use x4 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ite m54 ,m>% ,cress 7,radicula palu/ris ,l4 v>4 hispida ,desv4 ,rob9son71 8wabgwn0 yell[ fl[]4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe "n = ,m>% ,cress is n v di/9ctive al?\gh x does h yell[i% fl[]s4 ,!y h no use = ! plant z x came 9 f ! s\?1 accord+ to !m4 ,nei!r h :ite m54 ,tansy-mu/>d 7,sisymbrium canesc5s ,nutt47 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe d n "k ?is plant1 :i* !y consid] to be adv5tive f ! s\? & d n use x4 ,aside f ! fact t ! se$s h a volatile oil simil> to mu/>d se$1 ! :ites d n use x4 ,,cucurbitaceae 7,,g\rd ,,family7 ,squa% 7,cucurbita maxima ,du*esne47 8ogwssimaun owasokwnek0 ?reads l hair2 yell[ light4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe us$ ! se$ tea z a diuretic4 ,!re is no di/9ctive m$ic9al use ( squa% among ! :ites4 ,wild ,balsam-apple 7,e*9ocy/is lobata ,mi*x4 ,t4 ,g47 8ngtni gnk0 or 8mtcigi mnk0 man 9 ! gr\nd1 %[n 9 plate #fi1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root tea z a bitt] m$ic9e = /oma* tr\bles & z a tonic4 ,! root is c]ta9ly bitt] en\gh4 ,on ! we/ coa/1 ! root has be5 employ$ by :ite m5 z a simple bitt]4 ,,cyp]aceae 7,,s$ge ,,family7 ,h>e's ,tail 7,eriophorum callitrix ,*am47 8bwee cknk0 fuzz ( fruit4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! matt$ fuzz z a hemo/atic4 ,"u ! "n 8mesadi wackons0 little catk9s f popple1 ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe ref] to x1 b none ( !m knew any use = x4 ,!re has be5 a limit$ use ( its tannic prop]ties z an a/r+5t by :ite m54 ,,equisetaceae 7,,horsetail ,,family7 ,field ,horsetail 7,equisetum arv5se ,l47 8gji bnsk10 duck r\nd4#aje ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! :ole plant to make a tea to cure ! dropsy4 ,! plant has be5 us$ indef9itely *iefly 9 dome/ic practice by ! :ites4 ,wood ,horsetail 7,equisetum sylvaticum ,l471 8siba mckn04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! :ole plant to make a tea to cure kidney tr\ble & dropsy4 ,x has n be5 mu* us$ by ! :ites1 except z a dome/ic rem$y = gravel4 ,,ericaceae 7,,hea? ,,family7 ,bog ,rosem>y 7,&rom$a glaucophylla ,l9k471 8bne mkci0 swamp p>tridge b]ry4 ,! plant 0 f\nd on ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe ,res]vation1 b 0 n us$ m$ic9ally4 ,among ! :ites1 x is cr$it$ ) poison\s prop]ties4 ,pr9ce's ,p9e 7,*imaphila umbellata ,l4 ,nutt471 8ga ggebg0 ev]la/+ leaf4#ajf ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe pron\nce ! "n ( ,pr9ce's ,p9e ne>ly ! same z ! ,m5om9i ,indians1 & use x = ! same purposes1 namely a tea = treat+ /oma* tr\bles4 ,*imaphila is (ficial ) :ite m5 z a tonic & diuretic4 ,x /imulates ! muc\s membrane ( ! g5ito-ur9>y tract1 & has be5 us$ 9 r5al dropsy1 scr(ul\s conditions1 *ronic ulc]s & sk9 lesions4 ,x is employ$ bo? int]nally & z an embrocation4 ,w9t]gre5 7,gaul!ria procumb5s ,l471 8wnsi bgd01 dirty leaves1 %[n 9 plate #ge1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! leaves to brew a tea to cure rheumatism & 8to make "o feel good40 ,! :ite man discov]$ ! prop]ties ( ?is plant f ! ,indians1 & orig9ally w9t]gre5 0 ! *ief s\rce ( me?yl salicylate4 ,aspir9 is syn!tically ! same ?+4 ,bir* twigs 7 lat] us$ z a s\rce & f9ally x 0 made f coal t> dye4 ,l o!r volatile oils1 me?yl salicylate 0 us$ z an antiseptic1 analgesic1 c>m9ative & flavor+ ag5t4 ,x 0 add$ to l9im5ts = rubb+ muscul> rheumatism1 & simil> compla9ts4 ,ov]doses ( ! pure oil on ! sk9 produce dr[s9ess1 conge/ion & delirium4 ,cranb]ry 7,vacc9ium oxycoccus ,l47 8mcki mnaga wnj0 swamp b]ry bu%4 ,a tea = a p]son :o is slightly ill ) nausea4 ,:ite m5 h us$ ! bitt]1 a/r+5t leaves 9 di>rhea & diabetes & = purify+ ! blood4 ,blueb]ry 7,vacc9ium p5nsylvanicum ,lam471 8m9ga wnj0 b]ry bu%4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! leaves ( ?is common blueb]ry = a m$ic9al tea z a blood purifi]4 ,:ite m5 h employ$ x 9 ! same mann]4 ,,euphorbiaceae 7,,spurge ,,family7 ,fl[]+ ,spurge 7,euphorbia corollata ,l471 8cabos kn0 milky bitt] root4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root = a physic4 ,a half in* ( ! root is p\nd$ & /eep$ 9 a cup ( wat]1 :i* is drunk be=e eat+4 ,! res9\s1 milky juice ( ! root has be5 employ$ by eclectic practition]s z an emetic1 b its use has be5 practically ab&on$ because ( its irritant & unc]ta9 qualities4 ,,fagaceae 7,,bee* ,,family7 ,bur ,oak 7,qu]cus macroc>pa ,mi*x471 8mtg mc0 wood5 tree1 %[n 9 plate #fd1 fig4 #a4 ,! b>k is an a/r+5t m$ic9e to ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe4 ,!y also use x to b&age a brok5 foot or leg4 ,all oaks are not$ among ! :ites = _! a/r+5t prop]ties4 ,eclectic practition]s us$ x = g>gles 9 cases ( inflammation ( ! tonsils & ph>ynx4 ,x 0 also us$ 9 treat+ leucorrhea & piles4 ,r$ ,oak 7,qu]cus rubra ,l471 8mtg mc01 wood5 tree1 %[n 9 plate #fd1 fig4 #b4 ,! b>k1--8mtg mc w5a gk04 ,! b>k is a m$ic9e = he>t tr\bles & bron*ial affections among ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,its use by :ite m5 0 approximately ! same z ,bur ,oak4 ,,fum>iaceae 7,,fumitory ,,family7 ,gold5 ,corydalis 7,corydalis aurea ,willd471 8tpote kwason10 looks l pants4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe place ! root on coals & inhale ! smoke = cle>+ ! head & reviv+ ! pati5t4 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ite m54 ,,fungi ,! ,ojibwe h evid5tly _h disa/r\s exp]i5ces ) mu%rooms 9 ! pa/ & d n use !m z a food4 ,! *ildr5 (t5 ga!r ! common brackets 7,fomes applanatus7 & draw pictures on !m1 us+ !m z toys4 ,giant ,puffball 7,calvatia cranii=mis ,s*w47 %[n 9 plate #fa1 fig4 #b1 8oskwetk04 ,?is is kept on h& 9 ! mature /age4 ,! inn] "p has an organiz$ mass ( ?reads & does n break d[n entirely into spores z d ! small] puffballs4 ,! sub/ance is snuff$ up ! nose to /op nose ble$4 ,! ,ojibwe also made use ( an unid5tifi$ fungus matte mat]ial1 f\nd 9 ! w9d%ake spaces ( d[n timb]4 ,?is is ! matt$ vegetat+ mycelium ( "s timb] fungus1 su* z ,fomes1 ,trametes1 ,polyporus or ,pholiota4 ,?is made a good t9d] = use 9 ! fire base block1 & :5 ! fire /ick 0 rapidly twirl$ aga9/ ?is mat]ial1 x caught fire & 0 bl[n into a blaze t became ! basis ( _! fire4 ,9 all m$ic9e lodge c]emonials1 ! fire 0 k9dl$ 9 ?is mann] & ?us deem$ a sacr$ fire4 ,?+s cook$ ov] ?is fire 7 c]emonial1 & ! calumet or pipe us$ 9 ! c]emonies 0 always light$ f a coal ( ! sacr$ fire4 ,,g]aniaceae 7,,g]anium ,,family7 ,wild ,g]anium 7,g]anium maculatum ,l471 8o sawaskwni s0 yell[ light4#ajg ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! a/r+5t root = ! treatm5t ( flux1 & also = heal+ a sore m\?4 ,eclectic practition]s h also us$ x z a mild int]nal a/r+5t1 useful = infants & p :o h a delicate /oma*1 because x is n irritat+4 ,x is valuable 9 s]i\s di>rheas4 ,x has also be5 us$ by :ite m5 = rectal & vag9al injections to tone up weak muscles4 ,,gram9eae 7,,grass ,,family7 ,rattlesnake ,grass 7,glyc]ia canad5sis ,mi*x4 ,tr9471 8anagone wck0 f]n4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! roots ( ?is z a female rem$y1 b x is difficult to und]/& :y !y call x a f]n4 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ite m54 ,,hydrophyllaceae 7,,wat]leaf ,,family7 ,virg9ia ,wat]leaf 7,hydrophyllum virg9ianum ,l471#ajh 8ne bneankwe k0 accord+ to ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe ,:ite ,cl\d on ,be> ,isl&1 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota1 b 8anmcde bgons0 dog feet m$ic9e1 accord+ to ,john ,pep]1 ( ! same isl&4 ,x furni%es a root t may be us$ to keep flux 9 *eck4 ,he /ates t x is good = man1 woman or *ild4 ,x 0 us$ = ! same purpose among ! ,meskwaki ,indians1 b !re is no record ( its use by :ites4 ,,iridaceae 7,,iris ,,family7 ,blue ,flag 7,iris v]sicolor ,l471 8na bkck04#aji ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use a half in* ( ! root boil$ 9 wat] z a quick physic4 ,"u ! "n 8caboskn0 milk root1 ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use a little piece ( ! root 9 boil+ wat]1 dr9k+ a tablespoonful & a half z an emetic & physic4 ,blue ,flag root has be5 acc\nt$ "o ( ! mo/ valuable rem$ies by ! eclectic practition]4 ,x is alt]ative1 ca?>tic1 sialagogue1 v]mifuge & diuretic4 ,x has be5 us$ 9 scr(ula & syphilis1 *ronic hepatic1 r5al & spl5itic affections4 ,,labiatae 7,,m9t ,,family7 ,wild ,m9t 7,m5?a arv5sis ,l4 v>4 canad5sis ,l4 ,briquet71 8"n wckons0 little /urgeon plant4#aaj ,among ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe a tea is brew$ f ! entire plant1 to be tak5 z a blood rem$y4 ,x is also us$ by !m 9 ! sweat ba?1 8akskati04 ,john ,pep]1 ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 made an especial trip to f9d ?is on ! lake %ore b calls x 8&ego bgons0 little cr[ leaf & says t !y use x z a tea to break fev]s4 ,?is species ( m9t 0 r>ely us$ by :ite m5 = c>m9ative1 /imulant & anodyne affects4 ,wild ,b]gamot 7,mon>da fi/ulosa ,l471 8weca ws wackw nek0 yell[ light4#aaa ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe ga!r & dry ! :ole plant1 boil+ x 9 a vessel to obta9 ! volatile oil to inhale to cure cat>rh & bron*ial affections4 ,9 "s sections1 ! :ites use x z a dome/ic antip]iodic & diaphoretic4 ,catnip 7,nepeta cat>ia ,l47 8tci "n wck0 big /urgeon plant4#aab ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe brew a tea ( catnip leaves = a blood purifi]4 ,! m9t wat] obta9$ by /eep+ ! h]b 9 lukew>m wat] is us$ to ba! a pati5t1 to raise ! body temp]ature4 ,! plant is employ$ by ! :ites z an emm5agogue & antispasmodic4 ,x has be5 us$ z a c>m9ative to allay flatul5t colic 9 infants1 & is suppos$ to be useful 9 allay+ hy/]ia4 ,heal-all 7,prunella vulg>is ,l471 8basi bgk0 p>tridge leaf4 ,! root is us$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe 9 comb9ation ) o!rs = a female rem$y4 ,x has be5 us$ by eclectic practition]s z a pung5t & bitt] tonic & antispasmodic4 ,x has v]mifuge prop]ties & is slightly diuretic4 ,x has also be5 us$ = ob/ructions ( ! liv]1 cramps & fits4 ,m>% ,skullcap 7,scutell>ia gal]iculata ,l471 8tcatcabon ksk0 ref]s to ! way ! /em comes up ?r\gh ! leaves4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is = m$ic9e1 hav+ some?+ to d ) he>t tr\ble1 b we c\ld get no def9ite in=mation ^u x4 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ite m51 al?\gh a simil> species1 ,s4 lat]iflora has be5 us$ z a n]v9e1 tonic & antispasmodic 9 *orea1 convulsions1 fits1 delirium trem5s & all n]v\s affections4 ,,legum9osae 7,,pulse ,,family7 ,creamy ,vet*l+ 7,la?yrus o*roleucus ,hook47 8bgwa dj k pni k mne bg0 unusual potato1 b]ry1 leaf4 ,john ,pep]1 ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 said t ! foliage 0 f$ to a pony to make him lively = a race4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe call x 8basi bgk0 p>tridge leaf1 9 common ) sev]al o!r plants1 & say t ! ,creamy ,vet* is us$ = /oma* tr\ble4 ,by ! :ite m51 x is consid]$ "o ( ! loco we$s1 bad = horses4 ,m>% ,vet*l+ 7,la?yrus palu/ris ,l471 8bebejgoganji macki ki0 horse m$ic9e4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe fe$ ?is to a pony t is sick & claim x w make him fat4 ,!re is no record ( its use z m$ic9e by :ite m54 ,:ite ,sweet ,clov] 7,melilotus alba ,desr474 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe claim t ?is plant is adv5tive & s !y d n use x4 ,!re is no record ( its use z m$ic9e by :ite m54 ,,li*5s ,re9de] ,moss 7,cladonia rangif]9a ,l4 ,h(fm47 8asa gnik0 moss4 ,! ,ojibwe boil ?is moss & use ! wat] to wa% a new born baby4 ,!y decl>e x is ! same z if y 7 putt+ salt into ! wat]4 ,s f> z is kn[n1 x has nev] be5 utiliz$ z a m$ic9e by ! :ite man4 ,,liliaceae 7,,lily ,,family7 ,nor!rn ,cl9tonia 7,cl9tonia borealis ,ait4 ,raf471 8gnose wibg0 muskellunge leaf4#aac ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root tea z a rem$y to help p>turition4 ,john ,pep]1 ,pillag] ,ojibwe call$ x 8adotagons0 little bell & said t ! dogs use x to poison _! tee? s t !y c kill _! prey4 ,%\ld !y bite a p]son1 !n x w\ld be necess>y to procure ! same root & put x on ! bite to draw out ! poison4 ,?is curi\s sup]/ition 0 also enc\nt]$ 9 ano!r tribe1--! ,m5om9i4 ,!re is no record ( its m$ic9al use by :ite m54 ,canada ,mayfl[] 7,maian!mum canad5se ,desf471 8agogosi mnn0 *ipmunk b]ries1 %[n 9 plate #ga1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe recognize t ?is is some:at diff]5t f ,spik5>d 7,smilac9a racemosa71 b give x ! same "n & uses1 namely to keep ! kidneys op5 dur+ pregnancy1 to cure sore ?roat & heada*es4 ,x is also us$ to make smoke = inhal+4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe d n "k or use x4 ,small ,solomon's ,seal 7,polygonatum biflorum ,walt4 ,ell47 8nanbteodekn01 gr[s 9 a r[1 %[n 9 plate #gb1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! root z a physic & x is also cook$ to yield a tea to treat a c\gh4 ,:ite m5 h us$ x z a sub/itute = ,convall>ia = ! same purposes1 namely ! treatm5t ( dropsy4 ,false ,spik5>d 7,smilac9a racemosa ,l4 ,desf471 8agog smnn0 *ipmunk b]ries1 %[n 9 plate #ga1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is root 9 comb9ation ) ,spread+ ,dogbane 7,apocynum &rosaemifolium7 to keep ! kidneys op5 dur+ pregnancy1 to cure sore ?roat & heada*e4 ,x is also us$ z a reviv]1 8ababsn04 ,convall>9 is ! important con/itu5t ( ,spik5>d & x is class$ ! same z ,solomon's ,seal & ,canada ,mayfl[]4 ,/>-fl[]$ ,solomon's ,seal 7,smilac9a /ellata ,l4 ,desf47 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe h no "n nor use = ?is root4 ,c>rion-fl[] 7,smilax h]bacea ,l471 8gne bgomnagawnj0 snake b]ry bu%1 %[n 9 plate #gc1 fig4 #b4 ,! root ( ?is plant 0 us$ 9 lung tr\bles accord+ to ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe4 ,x has be5 us$ by eclectic practition]s z an alt]ative4 ,twi/$ ,/alk 7,/reptopus roseus ,mi*x471 8nanibte ode kn01 gr[s 9 a r[1 %[n 9 plate #gb1 fig4 #a4 ,?is plant is call$ by ! same "n z ,polygonatum biflorum among ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 b ?is p>ticul> "o is always ref]r$ to z ! squaw1 :ile ,polygonatum has always be5 call$ ! man4 ,x is us$ = a physic or to make tea = a c\gh4 ,!re is no record ( its m$ic9al use by :ite m54 ,l>ge ,fl[]$ ,bellwort 7,uvul>ia gr&iflora ,sm471 8wesawabi kwonk0 yell[ light#aad1 ! "n appli$ to ! plant1 b ! root is call$ 8wabckadji bk0 :ite root4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! root = /oma* tr\ble4 ,! tr\ble is describ$ z a pa9 9 ! sol> plexus1 :i* may mean pleurisy4 ,x has be5 us$ by eclectic practition]s = erysipelas1 ulc]at$ m\?1 etc4 ,,lycopodiaceae 7,,club ,,moss ,,family7 ,gr\nd ,p9e 7,lycopodium complanatum ,l471 8gjik g&o gng0 c$>-l4 ,! dri$ leaves are us$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe z a 8nokweskn0 or reviv]4 ,lycopodium spores are us$ by ! :ite man z a surgical du/+ p[d]4 ,gr\nd ,p9e 7,lycopodium obscurum ,l4 v>4 d5droideum ,mi*x4 ,d4 ,c4 ,eaton7 8cigona gan0 ev]gre51 %[n 9 plate #fa1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is plant 9 comb9ation ) ,bu% ,honeysuckle roots 7,di]villa lonic]a7 z a diuretic4 ,! spores are ! only "p us$ by ! :ite man = m$ic9e4 ,!y are an antiseptic du/+ p[d]4 ,,m5isp]maceae 7,,moonse$ ,,family7 ,canada ,moonse$ 7,m5isp]mum canad5se ,l471 8bma kwt wa bgons0 twi/$ pod or /ick4 ,:ite ,cl\d1 ,pillag] ,ojibwe ( ,be> ,isl&1 did n "k ! use ( ?is root1 b assur$ ! writ] t o!r ,ojibwe knew x & us$ x4 ,moonse$ root is us$ by eclectic practition]s z a tonic & alt]ative1 & has be5 employ$ z a sub/itute = ,s>sap>illa4 ,,myricaceae 7,,bayb]ry ,,family7 ,sweet ,f]n 7,myrica aspl5ifolia ,l471 8gibaime nnagws0 cov]]4 ,sweet f]n is call$ 8a cov]]10 because x is us$ to l9e ! blueb]ry pails & cov] ! b]ries to keep !m f spoil+4 ,! ^w is almo/ ! same z t us$ by ! ,m5om9i & means ! same4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe consid] ! leaves too /rong = a bev]age tea1 b make a m$ic9al tea to cure ! flux & cramps 9 ! /oma*4 ,! :ite man uses ,sweet ,f]n z a /imulant & a/r+5t2 sometimes us+ x to relieve colic & *eck di>rhea4 ,x has also be5 us$ 9 a fom5tation to relieve rheumatic pa9s4 ,,nyctag9aceae 7,,f\r-,o',,clock ,,family7 ,he>t-leav$ ,umbrella-wort 7,oxybaphus nyctag9eus ,mi*x4 ,sweet7 8goko coadji bk0 7pig root74 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe say t ! pig is fond ( ! roots ( ?is plant because !y are l>ge & succul5t1 h5ce call x 8pig root04 ,! root is us$ by !m to r$uce spra9s & swell+s4 ,!re is no record ( its use among ! :ites4 ,,nymphaeaceae 7,,wat] ,,lily ,,family7 ,sweet ,:ite ,wat] ,lily 7,ca/alia odorata ,ait4 ,woodville ,wood471 8odteabg wa bgwn0 flat he>t leaf1 :ite fl[]4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root z a c\gh m$ic9e = ^? :o h tub]culosis4 ,! roots h be5 us$ by :ite m5 9 ! treatm5t ( di>rhea1 dys5t]y & leucorrhea4 ,yell[ ,wat] ,lily 7,nymphaea adv5a ,ait471 8oga da mn0 /&+ on legs4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe ^w is a bit diff]5t 9 spell+ b means ! same z ! ,m5om9i ^w = ?is plant4 ,! ,ojibwe call ! leaves1 8odteabg0 flat he>t leaf4 ,! root is ! only m$ic9al "p & is grat$ to make a p\ltice = sores4 ,o!r +r$i5ts su* z ,skunk ,cabbage root are add$ to ?is p\ltice4 ,! ,ojibwe ga!r goodly quantities ( ! l>ge und]wat] /ems2 :i* we are prone to call roots1 dry !m & r$uce !m to p[d]4 ,! p[d] alone is suppos$ to heal cuts & swell+s4 ,! roots h be5 us$ by :ite m5 9 ! treatm5t ( di>rhea1 dys5t]y & leucorrhea4 ,,oleaceae 7,,olive ,,family7 ,r$ ,a% 7,frax9us p5nsylvanica ,m>%71 8a gmak0 sn[-%oe wood4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! inn] b>k 9 comb9ation ) o!r ?+s = a tonic4 ,! inn] b>k is (ficial ) :ite m5 z a bitt] tonic & a/r+5t4 ,x is also said to be valuable z an antip]iodic4 ,,onagraceae 7,,ev5+ ,,primrose ,,family7 ,great ,will[-h]b 7,epilobium angu/ifolium ,l471 8o ca cadji bkes0 slipp]y or soap root1 %[n 9 plate #fi1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe say t ! out] r9d ( ?is root la!rs 9 wat] & !y p\nd x to make a p\ltice4 ,?is is us$ to draw out inflammation f a boil or a c>buncle4 ,) :ite m51 x is a demulc5t1 tonic & a/r+5t4 ,x has be5 us$ int]nally = its tonic effect on muc\s surfaces & its value 9 inte/9al disord]s4 ,ev5+ ,primrose 7,o5o!ra bi5nis ,l47 ,:ile ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe h no ,indian "n = ?is1 /ill !y use ! :ole plant soak$ 9 w>m wat] to make a p\ltice to heal bruises4 ,because ( its antispasmodic prop]ties1 ! :ite man has us$ x int]nally 9 ! treatm5t ( :oop+ c\gh1 hicc\gh & spasmodic a/hma4 ,,ophioglossaceae 7,,add]',s ,,tongue ,,family7 ,virg9ia ,grape ,f]n 7,botry*ium virg9ianum ,l4 ,sw471 8gcknsne namkk0 man1 squaw & baby1 %[n 9 plate #ff1 fig4 #b4 ,john ,pep]1 ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 hunt$ a long "t = ?is plant ar\nd ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota1 because 8 "m said x 0 good = lung tr\ble & consumption4 ,he call$ att5tion to ! fact t "o always f9ds two /ems toge!r 9 ! prop] plant to use1 :i* he describ$ z ! man & squaw1 ) ! little "o or fruit+ frond1 9 ! c5t]4 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ite m54 ,,or*idaceae 7,,or*is ,,family7 ,yell[ ,ladies' ,slipp] 7,cyprip$ium p>viflorum ,salisb4 v>4 pubesc5s ,willd4 ,knight71 8ma kasn0 moccas94#aae ,among ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 ! root ( ?is species is said to be a good rem$y = female tr\bles ( all k9ds4 ,! :ite man has us$ x z a g5tle tonic = ! n]ves1 a /imulant & antispasmodic1 simil> to ,val]ian1 only less p[]ful4 ,re9 ,or*is 7,hab5>ia bracteata ,willd4 ,r4 ,br471 8gokocgnda mnskwe mn0 pig-woman entic] root4 ,! ,ojibwe ,pillag] w\ld smuggle ?is into food z an aphrodisiac1 :i* !y consid]$ a bad use & n to be talk$ ab\t or c\nt5anc$4 ,!re is no record ( its use by ! :ite m54 ,add]'s ,m\? 7,micro/ylis unifolia ,mi*x4 ,,bsp47 8aa nkotci mn0 twi/$ b]ry4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! t9y root ( ?is plant to mix ) ,bu% ,honeysuckle b>k 7,di]villa lonic]a7 z a diuretic4 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ite m54 ,,papav]aceae 7,,poppy ,,family7 ,bloodroot 7,sangu9>ia canad5sis ,l47#aaf 8meskwa dji bkk0 r$ root4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! orange-r$ juice ( ! ,bloodroot to cure sore ?roat4 ,! juice is squeez$ out on a lump ( maple sug>1 & ?is is reta9$ 9 ! m\? until x has melt$ away4 ,!y also use ! juice to pa9t ! face = ! m$ic9e lodge c]emony or :5 on ! w>pa?4 ,sangu9>ia is (ficial only 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,ph>macopoeia1 & 9 small doses x produces a s5se ( w>m? 9 ! /oma* & /imulates ga/ric secretion4 ,x is giv5 z an expectorant & 9 l>g] doses z an emetic4 ,,p9aceae 7,,p9e ,,family7 ,balsam ,fir 7,abies balsamea ,l4 ,mill71 8jngo b0 any k9d ( fir tree "n1 %[n 9 plate #fb1 fig4 #a4 ,:ile ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe call ! tree 8jngo b0 z a %ort t]m1 ! full "n ( ! ,balsam ,fir accord+ to !m is 8jngo b pkewa ndag04 ,!y claim t ! liquid balsam is us$ direct f ! b>k bli/] ^u ! eyes1 = sore eyes4 ,! leaves are a reviv] or 8aba bsn0 & are also us$ 9 comb9ations z a wa%4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe call x 8jngo b&ag01 & use ! balsam gum = colds & to heal sores4 ,?is corresponds to ! way ! ,hudson ,bay ,indians use ! b>k4 ,! ne$le-l leaves are plac$ ^u live coals & ! smoke is inhal$ = colds4 ,!y are also us$ z a "p ( ! m$ic9e = ! sweat ba?4 ,! sweat ba? is tak5 9 a small hemisph]ical wigwam1 l ! regul> abode1 b entirely cov]$ ) mats or n[adays ) canvas4 ,! m$ic9es are coil$ into wrea?s to fit into l>ge iron kettles4 ,wat] is add$ & f9ally hot rocks :i* cause /eam4 ,! ,indian tak+ ! sweat ba? may be tak+ x = c]emonial reasons1 = cleans+1 b mo/ likely z a m$icat$ /eam ba?4 ,he sits nak$ )9 until !re is no m /eam & 8 body is entirely dri$ aga94 ,he !n puts on all clean clo!s & w n we> ! disc>d$ clo!s until !y h all be5 ?or\ghly wa%$4 ,! c&idate = degrees 9 ! m$ic9e lodge1 mu/ und]go ! sweat ba? 9 a c]emonial way4 ,usual plants employ$ to m$icate ! /eam are ,:ite ,p9e leaves1 ,hemlock leaves1 ,arbor ,vitae leaves1 ,wild ,b]gamot plant1 ,balsam ne$les1 ,pepp]m9t plants1 & ! l4 ,!y are und\bt$ly v b5eficial to ! heal?4 ,canada balsam is acc\nt$ ! same m$ic9ally z turp5t9e1 b its pr9cipal value to ! :ite man today is its p]fect transp>5cy & peculi> optical prop]ties1 :i* fit x = use 9 m\nt+ microscopic specim5s4 ,tam>ack 7,l>ix l>ic9a ,du ,roi ,ko*71 8mckgwa tg0 swamp tree1 %[n 9 plate #fj1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! dri$ leaves z an inhalant & fumigator1 8nokweskn04 ,l>* b>k has be5 highly valu$ 9 ! pa/ 9 *ronic bron*itis ) pr(use expectoration1 9 *ronic inflammation ( ! ur9>y passages1 & 9 phases ( hemorrhage4 ,:ite ,spruce 7,picea canad5sis ,mill4 ,,bsp471 8gawa ndag01 %[n 9 plate #fb1 fig4 #b4 ,! leaves ( ,:ite ,spruce are us$ 9 ! same mann] z ,l>*1 z a 8nokweskn01 an inhalant or fumigator4 ,! ne$le oil is consid]$ ab\t ! same z turp5t9e1 by :ite m54 ,black ,spruce 7,picea m>iana ,mill4 ,,bsp471 8j+wp04 ,if ! b>k is meant z a m$ic9al salt1 !n its "n is 8j+w p gawa ndag0 b if ! leaves are ! "p meant = a reviv]1 8aba busun01 !n x c>ries only ! "n 8j+wup04 ,! ne$le oil is us$ by :ite m5 ! same z turp5t9e4 ,jack ,p9e 7,p9us banksiana ,lamb471 8gga ndag04 ,! leaves are us$ z a reviv]1--8nokwe skn0 accord+ to ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,!re is no record ( its m$ic9al use by ! :ite m54 ,norway ,p9e 7,p9us res9osa ,ait471 8abakwang img0 b>k 9 plates1 %[n 9 plate #fc1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,norway ,p9e is us$ 9 all p>ticul>s by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 j z ! ,:ite ,p9e4 ,:ite ,p9e 7,p9us /robus ,l471 8jngwak kweseskwe tk0 accord+ to ,be>sk9 ( ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 %[n 9 plate #fc1 fig4 #a1 8jngwak waceskwed0 accord+ to ,*>ley ,burns ( ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,! b>k m$ic9e is1 8jngwak ona gk0 & is ga!r$ 9 ! same mann] z by ! ,m5om9i1 ) a song to gr&mo!r ,e>?1 & ! plac+ ( tobacco on ! gr\nd4 ,! cones1 :5 boil$ & likewise ! b>k ( ! "y tree trunk yield a pit* :i* is m$ic9e1 call$ 8jngwak bgo40 ,! dri$ leaves are p[d]$ & us$ z a reviv] or inhalant4 ,!re are ?ree names ref]r+ to ?is sort ( treatm5t1 z said be=e1--8nokwe skn01 8sasa bkwat0 & 8aba bsn04 ,( ^! ?ree t]ms1 8sasa bkwat0 is ! prop] "o to use :5 ,:ite ,p9e ne$les are employ$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,:ite ,p9e is a v valuable rem$y ) all ,ojibwe1 b ,norway ,p9e is sometimes sub/itut$ = x4 ,:ite ,p9e b>k is us$ 9 mak+ c\gh syrup1 by :ite m51 b x possesses only feeble prop]ties z an expectorant4 ,arbor ,vitae 7,?uja occid5talis ,l471 8gi jk&ag0 sky or c$> tree4#aag ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! leaves z a p]fume1 8aba bsn0 & also z a tea = heada*e4 ,dur+ c]emonies ( ! m$ic9e lodge1 x is necess>y to purify sacr$ objects & ! h&s & p]sons ( p>ticipants4 ,a plate ( live coals is us$ & dri$ ,arbor ,vitae leaves plac$ ^u !m4 ,! s]vitor wafts ! inc5se ov] sacr$ objects by fann+ ! smoke ) 8 h&s4 ,o!rs hold _! h&s ov] & 9 ! smoke1 wav+ x ^u _! p]sons4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe call x by ! simple "n 8gi jk0 sky or c$>4 ,!y also use x z a purify+ inc5se1 & z an +r$i5t = ! sweat ba? ) ,:ite ,p9e1 ,balsam1 ,hemlock & o!r plants4 ,!y dr9k ! boil$ leaves claim+ t ! /eam goes ?r\gh ! blood & purifies x4 ,?is treatm5t cures c\ghs4 ,! ,u4 ,s4 ,ph>macopoeia =m]ly requir$ t leaves = m$ic9al use be 9 a fre% /ate b ! new =mul>y only requires !m to be rec5tly dri$ & leafy4 ,int]nally x has be5 us$ = an emm5agogue1 = fev]s1 bron*ial cat>rh1 rheumatism & to remove inte/9al worms4 ,ext]nally x is appli$ 9 o9tm5t to treat ulc]s1 w>ts & canc]\s gr[?s4 ,hemlock 7,tsuga canad5sis ,l4 ,c>r471 8gagagi wc0 rav5 tree4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe m$ic9e man puts ! leaves 9 8 m$ic9al tea to disguise ! ta/e4 ,! b>k is us$ = heal+ cuts & w\nds1 & = /opp+ ! fl[ ( blood f a w\nd4 ,! b>k is ri* 9 tann9 & naturally q a/r+5t4 ,:ite m5 h us$ ! b>k & its result+ pit* z sub/itutes = burgundy pit* 9 mak+ pla/]s4 ,^! h be5 us$ z ext]nal rem$ies = lumbago1 *ronic rheumatic pa9s1 *ronic bron*itis & pleurisy4 ,,plantag9aceae 7,,planta9 ,,family7 ,common ,planta9 7,plantago major ,l471 8ceca gski bge snk0 leaves gr[ up & also lie flat on ! gr\nd4#aah ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe soak ! leaves 9 w>m wat] !n b9d !m on bruises1 spra9s or sores z a p\ltice4 ,x is also a heal+ & soo?+ rem$y = burns1 scalds1 bee /+s1 & snake bites4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe also ref] to x z 8pakwan04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use x 9 ! same mann] b call x 8jimcki gobg0 sort ( swamp leaf4 ,al?\gh planta9 is a feeble rem$y1 x has be5 ascrib$ pot5cy 9 _m diseases by eclectic practition]s4 ,!y /ill use x to "s ext5t 9 treat+ inflammation ( ! sk91 malignant ulc]s1 int]mitt5t fev]s1 etc4 ,! leaves are ( "s value 9 arre/+ hemorrhages :5 appli$ to ! ble$+ surfaces4 ,! writ] cur$ a badly swoll5 & lac]at$ h&1 :i* swell$ to ?ree times its normal size1 probably because dirt f a sew] 0 gr\nd into x1 ) ! simple leaf b\nd ^u ! h&4 ,,polygonaceae 7,,buck:eat ,,family7 ,c>ey's ,p]sic>ia 7,polygonum c>eyi ,olney74 ,! ,ojibwe h no "n or use = ?is1 nor h :ite m54 ,swamp ,p]sic>ia 7,polygonum muhl5b]gii ,meisn4 ,wats471 8agog simnn0 *ipmunk b]ries4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is plant = a tea to cure a pa9 9 ! /oma*4 ,x is also hunt+ m$ic9e4 ,sev]al ( ! polygonums h be5 us$ by eclectic practition]s = _! a/r+5t prop]ties4 ,curl$ ,dock 7,rumex crispus ,l47 8ciobg0 twi/$ leaf4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root1 :i* conta9s consid]able tann91 = clos+ & heal+ cuts4 ,:ite m5 h us$ x = its a/r+5t prop]ties4 ,,polypodiaceae 7,,f]n ,,family7 ,%ield ,f]n 7,aspidium cri/atum ,l4 ,sw471 8ana ganck0 f]n4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root tea = /oma* tr\ble4 ,among ! :ite m51 ?is f]n has be5 f\nd to h almo/ ! same value z ,male ,f]n z a t5iafuge4 ,great c>e is ex]cis$ 9 ! size ( ! dose & to see t no "p ( ! drug rema9s 9 ! sy/em aft] x has p]=m$ its task ( kill+ inte/9al worms1 z fatalities h be5 kn[n to occur4 ,female ,f]n 7,aspl5ium filix-fem9a ,l4 ,b]nh471 8ana ganck0 f]n4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe grate ! dry root into a p[d] :i* is us$ z a heal+ p[d] = sores4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe call x 8nokomi sknn0 gr&mo!r84 ,! root is made into a tea to cause milk fl[ 9 pati5ts ) cak$ brea/4 ,!re is a record ( its m$ic9al use by :ite m5 to alleviate backa*e4 ,s5sitive ,f]n 7,onoclea s5sibilis ,l471 8a nana ganck0 f]n4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe p[d] ! dry root1 & make a tea to give ! pati5t ^: brea/s are cak$1 to /imulate ! fl[ ( milk4 ,!re is no record ( its m$ic9al use by :ite m54 ,brake 7,pt]is aquil9a ,l471 8ana ganck0 g5]al f]n "n4 ,?is is ! g5]al "n ( ! brack5 f]n1 :]e us$ = food4 ,:5 us$ = m$ic9e1 x is call$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe--8makate wa ana ganck0 black f]n1 & ! root is made into tea to alleviate cramps 9 ! /oma*4 ,x is only us$ by ! wom5 = ?is purpose4 ,! dri$ leaves are smok$ ^u live coals to relieve a heada*e4 ,"u ! "n 8a nanagana wck0 ! root is us$ by ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe 9 ! same mann] z by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,:ite m5 h consid]$ ?is root to be pectoral1 demulc5t1 purgative & an!lm9tic4 ,a syrup solution is us$ 9 pulmon>y & hepatic diseases4 ,a /rong decoction is us$ to expel worms4 ,,primulaceae 7,,primrose ,,family7 ,s f> z is kn[n1 none ( ! ,primrose family is us$ by ! ,ojibwe = m$ic9e4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe did n "k ! ,tuft$ ,loose/rife 7,lysima*ia ?yrsiflora ,l474 ,,ranunculaceae 7,,cr[foot ,,family7 ,r$ ,baneb]ry 7,actaea rubra ,ait4 ,willd471 8wckobidjibk0 sweet root1 %[n 9 plate #gf1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe make a tea f ! root1 to be drunk by wom5 aft] *ildbir?4 ,x is to cle> up ! sy/em4 ,a man also eats ! root = /oma* tr\bles4 ,:ite m5 use ! root z a sub/itute = ,black ,coho% 7,cimicifuga racemosa71 :i* x resembles 9 appe>ances & prop]ties4 ,x has be5 us$ 9 treat+ ov>ian neuralgia1 ut]9e t5d]ness1 sub9volution1 & am5orrhea4 ,x has also be5 us$ z a sub/itute = digitalis 9 fatty or irritable he>t1 b only aft] o!r rem$ies h fail$4 ,heada*e due to eye/ra9 has also be5 cur$ by ?is root4 ,canada ,anemone 7,anemone canad5sis ,l471 8mdewidji bk0 m$ic9e lodge root1 %[n 9 plate #gd1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe eat ! root ( ?is plant to cle> ! ?roat s !y c s+ well 9 ! m$ic9e lodge c]emony1--a sort ( ?roat loz5ge4 ,mo/ ( ! anemones h be5 sub/itut$ = ,pulsatilla & us$ = ! same ho/ ( diseases by eclectic practition]s4 ,includ$ 9 ^! ailm5ts are3 cat>act1 p>alysis1 rheumatism1 melan*olia1 syphilis1 dysm5orrhea1 & _m o!r morbid conditions4 ,?imble-we$ 7,anemone cyl9drica ,gray471 8g&e gwa son9ke cnagwk0 looks l tumble-we$4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root = mak+ a tea to relieve lung conge/ion & tub]culosis4 ,among ! :ite m5 x has ! same uses z ,canada ,anemone4 ,wild ,columb9e 7,aquilegia canad5sis ,l471 %[n 9 plate #gd1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe h no "n = ?is plant1 b ! root is consid]$ a good m$ic9e = /oma* tr\ble4 ,eclectic practition]s consid] x a diuretic1 diaphoretic1 & antiscorbutic1 us+ x 9 jaundice1 9 smallpox to promote eruption1 & 9 scurvy4 ,gold?read 7,coptis trifolia ,l4 ,salisb471 8wesa wa nikweak0 yell[8 & 8wesa wadjibkweak0 yell[ root1 %[n 9 plate #ge1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! decoction ( ! root to soo! & heal ! baby's gums :ile x is tee?+4 ,x is also us$ z a m\? wa% = adults :5 _! m\?s are sore4 ,?is use has be5 adopt$ by :ite m51 :o also use x 9 dyspepsia & *ronic inflammation ( ! /oma*4 ,bri/ly ,cr[foot 7,ranunculus p5nsylvanicus ,l4 f471 8manwe gons04 ,! se$s are a hunt+ m$ic9e ) ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,sev]al ( ! ,ranunculaceae h be5 us$ z c\nt]-irritants by ! :ite m54 ,curs$ ,cr[foot 7,ranunculus scel]atus ,l474 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe d n "k ?is plant1 & h no "n = x4 ,eclectic practition]s h us$ x z a c\nt]-irritant4 ,purple ,mead[ ,rue 7,?alictrum dasyc>pum ,fis*4 ,lall471 %[n 9 plate #gc1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe h no ,indian "n = ?is1 b use ! root to make a tea to r$uce fev]4 ,! prop]ties ( ?is root are consid]$ almo/ id5tical ) ,b]b]is1 :i* is us$ by :ite m5 z a tonic1 /imulant & antip]iodic4 ,,rosaceae 7,,rose ,,family7 ,agrimony 7,agrimonia gryposepala ,wallr471 8saga tgans0 se$s /ick1 %[n 9 plate #gg1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root ) o!r +r$i5ts z a m$ic9e = ur9>y tr\bles4 ,x is n mu* valu$ n[ by :ite m51 al?\gh x has be5 us$ = its bitt] a/r+5t prop]ties4 ,smoo? ,juneb]ry 7,amelan*i] laevis ,wieg&71 8gozigagom9agawnj0 ?orny wood#aai accord+ to ,john ,:itefea!r1 ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 & 8bsegagomnagawnj0 accord+ to ,*>ley ,burns1 ano!r ,flambeau ,ojibwe :o said t ! b>k 0 us$ = m$ic9e1 b he did n "k :at x 0 to treat4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe call x 8gozigagomnk0 & say t ! b>k is to make a tea = ! expectant "m4 ,!re is no record ( its m$ic9al use by :ite m54 ,haw?orn 7,crataegus sp471 8mnesaga wnj0 b]ries & ?orn bu%1 %[n 9 plate #gg1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use bo? ! fruit & ! b>k = m$ic9e1 a k9d n made n[1 o!r ?an = wom54 ,eclectic practition]s h us$ ! b]ries = _! a/r+5t & reput$ c>diac prop]ties4 ,wild ,/rawb]ry 7,frag>ia virg9iana ,du*esne71 8ode imndji bk10 he>t b]ry root4#abj ,! root ( ! common ,wild ,/rawb]ry is us$ to make a tea good = ! /oma*-a*e1 & especially = babies4 ,! :ite man uses ! h]b z an a/r+5t & tonic = convalesc5ts & especially = *ildr5 hav+ b[el & bladd] weakness4 ,l>ge-leav$ ,av5s 7,geum macrophyllum ,willd471 8wicawasa konek0 yell[ light4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is = a female rem$y4 ,eclectic practition]s consid] ! root tonic & a/r+5t4 ,r\gh ,c9quefoil 7,pot5tilla monspeli5sis ,l471 8tcode imnaga wnj0 l a /rawb]ry4 ,?is plant seem$ to be kn[n to all ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 ev5 ! eight-ye>-old girls1 z a physic4 ,!re is no record ( its use z a m$ic9e by :ite m54 ,m>% ,five-f+] 7,pot5tilla palu/ris ,l4 ,scop471 8beba akwndek0 floats ab\t4 ,?is 0 dug f ! wat] by ,john ,:itefea!r's wife1 ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 :o said x 0 a cure = cramps 9 ! /oma*1 & is us$ alone z "o m$ic9e4 ,"u ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe "n ( 8mcki godjibk0 swamp root1 ,john ,pep] said t x 0 m$ic9e ) !m1 b he did n "k h[ to use x4 ,!re is no record ( its use z m$ic9e by :ite m54 ,p9 ,*]ry 7,prunus p5nsylvanica ,l4 f471 8baewimnn04 ,! inn] b>k is a valu$ rem$y = c\ghs4 ,mo/ ( ! species ( *]ry h be5 us$ by :ite m5 = ! bitt] pr9ciple conta9$1 :i* suits x = use z a /oma*ic & bitt] tonic 9 ga/ric atony & g5]al debility4 ,! syrup ( wild *]ry has be5 us$ z a pleasant vehicle = o!r drugs4 ,wild ,*]ry 7,prunus s]ot9a ,ehrh47 8okwe mn0 worm out ( a fly's egg2 ref]s to ! little worms 9 a *]ry :5 x is ripe4#aba ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe value ! b>k ( ?is species to make a tea z a rem$y = c\ghs & colds4 ,x is us$ ! same z ,p9 ,*]ry by :ite m54 ,*oke ,*]ry 7,prunus virg9iana ,l471 8a sasawe mnaga wnj40#abb ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe make a tea = lung tr\ble f ! inn] b>k4 ,?is is ! (ficial b>k 9 ! ph>macopoeia1 :i* is us$ z a /oma*ic & bitt] tonic useful 9 ga/ric atony & g5]al debility4 ,wild *]ry syrup is us$ to mask o!r unpleasant drugs4 ,smoo? ,rose 7,rosa bl&a ,ait471 8ogne mnaga ons0 rose b]ries4#abc ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! sk9 ( ! fruit or 8rose hip0 = /oma* tr\ble4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe call x 8ogni0 or 8ogni gawnj0 rose b]ries4 ,!y dry & p[d] ! fl[]s = use 9 reliev+ he>tburn4 ,! sk9 ( ! rose hips is a m$ic9e = indige/ion4 ,rose hips are describ$ by :ite m5 z refrig]ant & a/r+5t1 b are only us$ 9 m$ic9e to prep>e ! confection ( hips4 ,roses are us$ almo/ :olly today to imp>t _! pleasant odor to ph>maceutical prep>ations4 ,high ,bu% ,blackb]ry 7,rubus allegh5i5sis ,port]71 8odataga gomc0 its "n4#abd ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe boil ! canes to obta9 a tea t is us$ z a diuretic4 ,! roots furni% a tea = arre/+ flux4 ,blackb]ry & ,dewb]ry root are (ficial 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,ph>macopoeia because ( _! tonic & a/r+5t prop]ties4 ,!y are favorite h\sehold rem$ies among :ite m5 9 ! treatm5t ( summ] di>rhea ( *ildr5 & adults4 ,blackb]ry cordial is (t5 us$ = ! same purpose4 ,r$ ,raspb]ry 7,rubus idaeus ,l4 aculeatissimus ,c4 ,a4 ,mey ,regel ,til+7 8meskwa mnaga wnj0 r$ bu% b]ry4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe value ! b]ries z a season] = _! m$ic9es4 ,t is1 ! flavor is us$ to disguise less pleasant +r$i5ts4 ,! root b>k makes a tea = heal+ sore eyes4 ,"u ! "n ,rubi ,idei ,fructus1 ,n4 ,f4 :ite m5 use ! b]ries = mak+ an agreeable syrup z a vehicle = less pleasant ta/+ m$ic9es4 ,:5 ! ,r$ ,raspb]ry is n readily available ! ,black ,cap ,raspb]ry is us$ 9 ! same mann]4 ,mead[-sweet 7,spiraea salicifolia ,l471 8wabckki bug0 rabbit leaf4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root z a trapp+ m$ic9e4 ,!re is no record ( its use by ! :ite man4 ,/eeple ,bu% 7,spiraea tom5tosa ,l471 8memsgwnagg0 squaws' dr9k4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe make a tea f ! leaves & fl[]s ( ! ,/eeple ,bu% to dr9k = ! sickness ( pregnancy & to act z an easy p>turi5t4 ,! :ites h us$ ! root & ! leaves z an a/r+5t & tonic1 9 di>rhea1 hemorrhages1 gonorrhea1 ulc]s1 etc4 ,,rubiaceae 7,,madd] ,,family7 ,goose ,grass 7,galium ap>9e ,l471 8sakate bwi0 /ick]s4 ,! :ole plant is us$ by ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe to make a tea us$ = a diuretic1 9 kidney tr\ble1 gravel1 /oppage ( ur9e1 & alli$ ailm5ts4 ,o!r species are us$ 9 mu* ! same way & = ! same purposes4 ,:ite m5 h recogniz$ x z a valuable refrig]ant & diuretic1 & h f\nd x useful 9 diseases ( ! ur9>y organs4 ,x is n recomm5d$ = diseases ( a passive "*1 on acc\nt ( its refrig]ant & s$ative effects1 b is us$ freely 9 fev]s & all acute diseases4 ,small ,cleav] 7,galium t9ctorium ,l471 8waboskki mnn0 rabbit swamp b]ries4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe make a m$ic9al tea f ! :ole plant1 = its b5eficial effect ^u ! respiratory organs4 ,eclectic practition]s h us$ x = its n]v9e1 antispasmodic1 expectorant & diaphoretic prop]ties4 ,x has be5 successfully us$ 9 a/hma1 c\gh1 & *ronic bron*itis4 ,! plant has a pung5t1 aromatic1 pleasant1 p]si/5t ta/e4 ,small ,b$/raw 7,galium trifidum ,l471 8ojbwe owe cwn01 ojibwe male g5italia4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe make a m$ic9al tea ( ?is species = sk9 diseases su* z eczema1 r+worm & scr(ula4 ,:ite m5 und\bt$ly use x 9 mu* ! same way z ! prec$+ species ?r\gh error 9 id5tify+ x correctly4 ,,rutaceae 7,,rue ,,family7 ,prickly ,a% 7,zan?oxylum am]icanum ,mill471 8gawa kumc01#abe its "n4 ,bo? ,flambeau & ,pillag] ,ojibwe make trips fur!r s\? to get ?is b>k1 s9ce none ( ! trees gr[ ne> !m4 ,!y want x = treat+ qu9sy & sore ?roat4 ,!y say t ev5 ! b]ries are good = a hot tea to treat sore ?roat1 & also to use z a spray on ! *e/ to cool & relieve conge/ion 9 bron*itis4 ,among ! :ite m51 x is consid]$ a /imulant1 tonic1 alt]ative & sialagogue & is us$ = *ronic rheumatism1 colic1 syphilis1 & hepatic d]angem5ts4 ,,salicaceae 7,,will[ ,,family7 ,balsam ,popl> 7,populus balsamif]a ,l471 8manasa di0 p]fume popl>4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe cook ! buds ( ! ,balsam ,popl> 9 l>d or be> fat1 & use ! cold product = a salve on cuts1 w\nds or bruises4 ,!y also rub x on ! inside ( ! no/rils1 s t ! balsamic odors c c\rse ?r\gh ! respiratory passages & op5 !m 9 case ( conge/ion f cold1 cat>rh or bron*itis4 ,popl> buds are also (ficial ) :ite m5 :o use !m z a /imulat+ expectorant1 & 9 ! =m ( an o9tm5t 9 treat+ sluggi% ulc]s & sores4 ,eclectic practition]s h us$ t9ctures ( ! buds = /oma* & kidney treatm5t & 9 scurvy & rheumatism1 & sometimes1 apply x to ! *e/4 ,! b>k is us$ by :ite m5 = a tonic & ca?>tic1 ( s]vice 9 g\t & rheumatism4 ,l>ge-too!d ,asp5 7,populus gr&id5tata ,mi*x471 8asadi0 bitt] b>k4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! "y roots ( ?is tree 9 a tea z a hemo/atic4 ,!re is no record ( its use by ! :ites4 ,quak+ ,asp5 7,populus tremuloides ,mi*x471 8asadi0 popl>4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe give ?is tree ! same "n z ! ,l>ge-too!d ,asp54 ,!y use ! b>k ( a "y trunk = p\ltic+ cuts & w\nds4 ,! a/r+5t salac9 9 ! inn] b>k und\bt$ly draws ! cuts toge!r & causes heal+4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe di/+ui% ! tree ) a slightly diff]5t "n1 8asad9s01 ! dim9utive ( 8asadi01 mean+ 8little popl>04 ,!y use ! inn] b>k = p\ltic+ a sore arm or leg1 & make ! inn] lay] ( _! spl9ts ( ! inn] b>k s t a brok5 limb may heal heal?ily4 ,eclectic practition]s use bo? b>k & leaves 9 treat+ acute rheumatism1 also to l[] ! temp]ature 9 fev]s1 to relieve pa9 & r$uce art]ial swell+s1 colds1 hay fev]1 influ5za1 neuralgia & diabetes4 ,ext]nally ! :ites h us$ x z a wa% = gangr5\s w\nds1 eczema1 canc]1 burns1 & body odor4 ,crack ,will[ 7,salix fragilis ,l471 8sizigo bimc0 will[ "n4 ,?is tree has escap$ f cultivation ar\nd ! wat]-c\rses ( ! ,flambeau ,res]vation & has be5 accept$ by ! ,ojibwe !re z efficaci\s along ) ! native will[s4 ,! b>k is a/r+5t f its salac9 cont5t & is us$ z a /yptic & p\ltice = sores4 ,will[ b>k 0 =m]ly employ$ by physicians among ! :ites z a /oma*ic & antip]iodic 9 ! treatm5t ( int]mitt5ts1 b is r>ely us$ today4 ,%9+ ,will[ 7,salix lucida ,muhl471 8zigo bamc04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! b>k ( ?is species z an ext]nal rem$y = sores4 ,! ,ojibwe d n g5]ally di/+ui% any p>ticul> will[ ) any o!r "n1 b ,:itefea!r1 ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 call$ ?is species 8mckigo bamc0 swamp tree & said x 0 us$ on a cut to /op ! ble$+1 & t ! b>k 0 also a p\ltice mat]ial = sores4 ,o!r ,flambeau ,ojibwe call$ x 8sizigo bamc01 b x 0 g5]ally notic$ t 9 t latitude ! ,%9+ ,will[ 0 inv>iably f\nd 9 swamps1 & n along /reams1 s !re is ju/ification = ,:itefea!r's "n4 ,among ! :ites1 ?is b>k 0 us$ =m]ly z a /oma*ic & antip]iodic4 ,bog ,will[ 7,salix p$icell>is ,pur%471 8sizigo bamc04 ,?is is a species ( ! cold bogs & mead[s f\nd f> up t[>d ! ,arctic ,circle4 ,:ile ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe did n give x a di/9ctive "n1 !y said x 0 n us$ = b>k to smoke1 b = b>k to treat /oma* tr\ble4 ,!re is no record ( its use by :ites4 ,,s>rac5iaceae 7,,pit*]-,,plant ,,family7 ,pit*]-plant 7,s>rac5ia purpurea ,l471 8o makaki wdass0 frog's legg9s1 z %[n 9 plate #fg1 fig4 #a4 ,be>sk91 ,flambeau ,ojibwe m$ic9e man _h a slight v>iant 9 pron\nc+ ?is--8o makaki odass04 ,he said t ! root is us$ to make a tea to help a woman accompli% p>turition4 ,eclectic practition]s us$ ! :ole plant to make a tea = a tonic1 /imulant1 diuretic & laxative4 ,,saxifragaceae 7,,saxifrage ,,family7 ,wild ,r$ ,currant 7,ribes tri/e ,pall471 8mci tcimnk40 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! leaves z "s sort ( a female rem$y4 ,!re is no record ( its use by ! :ites4 ,,scrophul>iaceae 7,,figwort ,,family7 ,butt] & ,eggs 7,l9>ia vulg>is ,hill471 8owacawa skwneg0 yell[ light4 ,! :ole plant is dri$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe & us$ 9 ! kettle ) o!r foliage & twigs z a bron*ial inhalant 9 ! sweat lodge4 ,! ,ojibwe "n = m$ic9e to be inhal$ is 8nokweskn0 :i* s\nds mu* l ! ,m5om9i ,indian "n = ! same ?+1--8na skon04 ,! eclectic practition]s claim$ t ! plant is diuretic1 & ca?>tic1 us+ x 9 dropsy1 jaundice1 & cutane\s eruptions4 ,! fre% plant 0 sometimes us$ z a p\ltice = hemorrhoidal tumors1 & an o9tm5t 0 made ( ! fre% fl[]s = ! same purpose & to use locally 9 diseases ( ! sk94 ,9 ,g]many1 ! fl[]s 7 us$ = a yell[ dye4 ,c[ ,:eat 7,melampyrum l9e>e ,lam471 8agogasi mnk0 *ipmunk b]ries4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe say t ?is plant is made into a tea1 :i* is a 8little m$ic9e = ! eyes04 ,!re is no record ( its m$ic9al use by ! :ites4 ,wood ,betony 7,p$icul>is canad5sis ,l471 8m&am nodji bkns0 little corn root4 ,accord+ to ,john ,pep]1 ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 ?is root 0 a bad k9d ( m$ic9e1 an aphrodisiac1 :5 cut f9e & plac$ 9 "s di% ( food )\t ! k ( ^? :o 7 go+ to eat x4 ,!re is no record ( its m$ic9al use by ! :ites4 ,mulle9 7,v]bascum ?apsus ,l474 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe h no "n = ?is s9ce x has come into _! t]ritory f ! s\? & !y d n use x4 ,! writ] has ga!r$ ?is = 8 gr&mo!r :o smok$ ! leaves = reliev+ a/hma & bron*itis4 ,! fl[]s are suppos$ to h diuretic prop]ties & h be5 us$ 9 ! treatm5t ( tub]culosis4 ,,?ymeleaceae 7,,mez]eum ,,family7 ,moosewood 7,dirca palu/ris ,l471 8djibe gb0 djibe means a dead p]son1 or gho/ or _s4 ,! b>k ( ,moosewood is v s(t1 /rong & ela/ic1 s t twigs c be ti$ into knots4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe say t all _! p use x z a tea = a diuretic4 ,! b>k is sometimes sub/itut$ = ,mez]eum b>k1 :i* is (ficial 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ph>macopoeia4 ,x is usually us$ 9 a comp\nd decoction ) s>sap>illa = *ronic sk9 diseases1 & syphilitic1 rheumatic & scr(ul\s conditions4 ,z an ext]nal o9tm5t1 x 0 us$ = a /imulant to f\l or ill-condition$ ulc]s4 ,,typhaceae 7,,cat-,,tail ,,family7 ,cat-tail 7,typha latifolia ,l471 8bebamasn0 x flies ar\nd4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe us$ ! fuzz ( ! fruit = a w> m$ic9e4 ,!y claim t ! fuzz ?r[n into an enemy's face w bl9d him4 ,,umbellif]ae 7,,p>sley ,,family7 ,musqua% ,root 7,cicuta maculata ,l471 8apagwasgons04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe say t ?is root is us$ a little 9 _! m$ic9e1 b did n "k j h[4 ,x 0 smok$ 9 hunt+4 ,c[ ,p>snip 7,h]acleum lanatum ,mi*x47 8pi pgwe wanck0 flute /em4#abf ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe p\nd ! fre% root & apply x z a p\ltice to cure sores4 ,! fre% leaves & root are kn[n to produce vesication or bli/]s by ! :ites1 & !re=e h be5 us$ by !m z c\nt]-irritants4 ,! root has be5 us$ by eclectic practition]s to cure epilepsy4 ,9 infusions1 x is ?\ght to cure dyspeptic disord]s4 ,sweet ,cicely 7,osmorhiza longi/ylis ,torr4 ,d4 ,c471 8osaga tkm0 int]lac$ twigs4 ,! same "n 0 appli$ by ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe to ,o4 claytoni1 & evid5tly !y did n di/+ui% betwe5 ! two species4 ,a tea = mak+ p>turition easi] is prep>$ f ! roots4 ,! liquorice flavor ( ! tea is said to be good = a sore ?roat4 ,wild ,p>snip 7,pa/9aca sativa ,l471 8pigwewnsk0 flute /em4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe are q cauti\s 9 us+ ?is poison\s root4 ,!y claim t a little bit is v p[]ful1 :ile mu* is poison\s4 ,!y use a v m9ute quantity mix$ ) f\r o!r k9ds ( roots to make a m$ic9al tea = female tr\bles4 ,!re is no record ( its m$ic9al use by ! :ites4 ,black ,snak]oot 7,sanicula m>il&ica ,l471 8masan0 f ! woods4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root p\nd$ z a p\ltice to cure rattlesnake bite or any snake bite4 ,be>sk91 *ief ,flambeau m$ic9e man said t if ?is root be *ew$1 x w\ld cause eruptions on ! epi!lial l9+ ( ! m\?4 ,!y consid] x a v pot5t rem$y4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe call x 8gnebg odji bk0 snake root & make a root tea t is us$ to cure fev]s ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,eclectic practition]s h accr$it$ x ) active aromatic1 bitt] pr9ciples4 ,!y h us$ x 9 int]mitt5t fev]s1 sore ?roat1 erysipelas & cutane\s affections4 ,x has be5 also us$ = ,/4 ,vitus dance & o!r n]v\s affections4 ,,urticaceae 7,,nettle ,,family7 ,hop 7,humulus lupulus ,l471 8jiwcgonibg04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! common hop to make a tea :i* acts l sal]atus on ! sy/em1 increas+ ! excres5ce ( ur9e & r$uc+ its acidity4 ,x is (ficial 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ph>macopoeia z a tonic1 diuretic1 s$ative & some:at anaphrodisiac4 ,wood ,nettle 7,laportea canad5sis ,l4 ,gaud471 8masanatk0 =e/ wood4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! root to make a m$ic9al tea = its diuretic prop]ties4 ,x is said to cure v>i\s ur9>y ailm5ts4 ,eclectic practition]s h consid]$ x tonic1 a/r+5t & diuretic4 ,!y use bo? roots & leaves4 ,! se$s & fl[]s are giv5 9 w9e = ! ague4 ,slipp]y ,elm 7,ulmus fulva ,mi*x471 8anib04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! slipp]y inn] b>k = sore ?roat1 especially :5 ! ?roat is apt to be dry4 ,slipp]y ,elm is (ficial 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ph>macopoeia z a demulc5t1 emolli5t & nutritive4 ,x is consid]$ useful int]nally = dys5t]y1 di>rhea & bron*itis4 ,p\nd$ b>k = p\ltices has be5 us$ = boils & inflammations1 & 9 comp\nd+ suppositories4 ,lyall's ,nettle 7,urtica lyallii ,wats471 8masan0 woods4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use only ! leaves z m$ic9e4 ,^! are soak$ 9 w>m wat] & us$ z a p\ltice = heat ra%es4 ,x is some?+ l fight+ fire ) fire4 ,among ! :ites1 nettles are kn[n = _! p[]ful & peculi> diuretic prop]ties4 ,,violaceae 7,,violet ,,family7 ,canada ,violet 7,viola canad5sis ,l47 ,al?\gh a common violet 9 ! t]ritory ( ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 !y claim$ to h no "n or use = x4 ,x 0 =m]ly us$ by eclectic practition]s z a blood purifi] & z a rem$y 9 *ronic affections ( ! lungs1 & 9 sk9 diseases1 b is no long] us$4 ,am]ican ,dog ,violet 7,viola consp]sa ,rei*5b471 8wewae bgg04 ,! :ole plant is us$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe to make a tea = he>t tr\ble4 ,! :ole plants h be5 us$ among ! :ites z alt]ative & expectorant rem$ies4 ,!y 7 said to be useful 9 sk9 diseases1 scr(ula1 syphilis & bron*itis4 ,,vitaceae 7,,v9e ,,family7 ,riv]-bank ,grape 7,vitis vulp9a ,l471 8ciw mnn0 or 8ciw mnaga wnj01 %[n 9 plate #gj1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe us$ a tea ( boil$ twigs = wom5 to dr9k to cle> up aft]bir? & enable x to pass easily4 ,!y use ! sap z a m$ic9e = /oma* & b[el tr\ble4 ,among ! :ites1 ! t5d] bran*lets & leaves 7 sometimes employ$ = _! agreeable acidul\s flavor4 ,,ojibwe ,,vegetal ,,foods ,! ,ojibwe h always liv$ f> f ! haunts ( civilization4 ,!y 7 too f> 9 ! back c\ntry to p>ticipate 9 ! colonial & pre-colonial w>s4 ,!y h always pref]r$ to live :]e game is abundant1 & ev5 today !y are /ill able to subsi/ p>tly on de] & fi%4 ,! products ( ! hunt 7 v important to !m1 & !y possess a v l>ge numb] ( hunt+ *>ms1 :i* are roots1 se$s or blossoms t are us$ z good luck om5s or actual lures 9 trapp+ & fi%+4 ,!y h always made ! greate/ use ( ! edible plants ( _! environm5t1 b did n progress v f> 9 an agricultural way until ! la/ qu>t] c5tury1 :5 ea* res]vation 0 furni%$ ) an ,indian or :ite f>m]1 pref]ably an ,indian4 ,he has us$ ! s*ool *ildr5 to cultivate demon/ration f>ms1 & 8 example is p]si/+ 9 "s ( 8 =m] pupils4 ,! old] p _h a few simple products f prehi/oric days & h n all[$ !m to completely run out4 ,! g>d5 pat* 0 always small1 & ! c>etak] 0 inv>iably ! woman ( ! h\sehold4 ,among ! cultivat$ crops 73 ,cranb]ry pole beans1 maize or ,indian corn1 potatoes ( an e>ly v>iety1 squa% & tobacco4 ,! la/ crop has n be5 gr[n by !m 9 fifty ye>s1 z !y n[ dep5d ^u ! :ite m5 = _! s\rce ( supply4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 !y raise any ( ! crops1 t ! :ite m5 raise4 ,9 _! g>d5s1 "o w f9d lettuce & onions1 radi%es1 c>rots1 p>snips1 beets1 turnips1 cabbage1 potatoes ( /&>d v>ieties1 beans & peas1 & any o!r crop "o w f9d 9 an up-to-date g>d54 ,/rang] /ill1 "o may f9d g>d5 fl[]s1 & ! lady ( ! h\se w be q pr\d ( !m1 & usually a little jeal\s1 if h] neighbor has "s fl[]s t %e has n4 ,"s ( ! wild crops !y ga!r possess consid]able comm]cial value1 su* z blueb]ries & wild rice4 ,! labori\s "w ( prep>+ wild rice = table use has boo/$ ! price to #a4je a p\nd1 :i* ^? 89 ! "k0 gladly pay4 ,blueb]ries yield a goodly "p ( _! ca% income1 = ! b]ries usually sell = ab\t tw5ty c5ts a qu>t1 & x is easy = an ,indian family to pick eighty qu>ts 9 a day4 ,!y d n pick !m l ! :ite man does1 b comb ! bu%es ) _! f+]s1 remov+ ! leaves & twigs lat]4 ,! ,ojibwe are fond ( _! native foods1 & s9ce !y reg>d all plants z ! gift ( _! deities1 & sacr$ to _! uses1 !y feel t _! native foods are m$ic9e to keep !m 9 heal? z well z foods4 ,:ile !y "k no?+ ab\t vitam9s or *emical con/itu5ts1 !y ?9k t !re are "s salts or m9]als 9 _! native foods t keep !m well4 ,we "k t !y are correct 9 t4 ,!y ascribe _m ( _! pres5t diseases to ! ab&onm5t ( _! native foods & ! adoption ( :ite m5's foods4 ,!y ?9k t ! e>ly failure ( _! tee? is due to us+ too mu* :ite fl\r = bread4 ,f ! middle ( ,july to ! middle ( ,septemb]1 "o w f9d ! wom5 busily c>+ = ! v>i\s food h>ve/s4 ,maize w be dry+ on clo? scre5s1 & blueb]ries w be dry+ to t\gh1 inky pellets4 ,raspb]ries & dewb]ries are cook$ into jams1 cranb]ries are cook$ ) maple sug> into a jelly1 & circles ( squa% are /rung on a basswood b>k /r+4 ,m5 & wom5 are busy at ! %all[ lake h>ve/+ wild rice1 & all are v active4 ,sundays !y w /op = a p[-w[ or dream dance1 b n if x is ! wild rice h>ve/ "t4 ,! food plants are li/$ alphabetically by families4 ,,ojibwe ,,food ,,plants ,,ac]aceae 7,,maple ,,family7 ,box ,eld] 7,ac] negundo ,l471 8adjagobi mk04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe collect ! sap ( ! ,box ,eld] & mix x ) ! sap ( ! regul> ,sug> ,maple to dr9k z a bev]age4 ,sug> ,maple 7,ac] sac*>um ,m>%471 8n5a tg0 ,indian tree & 8adjagobi mn04 ,bo? names came f ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1#abg & al?\gh ! trees 7 sc>ce on ! ,flambeau ,res]vation1 !y also call x 8n5a tg01 & ga!r quantities ( ! sap some:]e s\? ( ! res]vation4 ,maple sug> is "o ( _! mo/ important foods & is us$ 9 almo/ e k9d ( cook]y4 ,maple sap is sav$ to dr9k z x comes f ! tree1 sometimes ) ! add$ sap ( ! ,box ,eld] or ,yell[ ,bir*4 ,aga9 x is all[$ to become s\r to make a v9eg> 8cwabo0 us$ 9 _! cook]y ( v5ison1 :i*1 :5 aft]w>ds sweet5$ ) maple sug>1 corresponds to ! ,g]man fa%ion ( sweet-s\r meat4 ,be=e !y _h ! salt ( ! :ite man1 maple sug> took its place & /ill does :5 !y c get x4 ,all k9ds ( meats 7 season$ ) x4 ,!re are _m int]e/+ leg5ds ab\t ! tree1 its discov]y & sug> mak+1 z relat$ 9 ,mr4 ,alanson ,sk9n]'s 8,mat]ial ,culture ( ! ,m5om9i04#abh ,! ,ojibwe g>n] _! sug> crop mu* ! same way z !y did ye>s ago1 except t !y h us$ l>ge iron kettles s9ce ! com+ ( ! :ite man4 ,! sug> camps are r p]man5t affairs1 & ! framework ( ! boil+ h\se ) its upright poles ar\nd ! fire place to hold ! kettles is left intact4 ,a b>k-cov]$ wigwam is us$ to /ore ! tools ( sug> sap ga!r+1 & granulation4 ,mo/ ( ! sap vessels & /orage vessels are made ( bir* b>k1 sew$ ) boil$ basswood fib] or ! core ( ! ,jack ,p9e root4 ,! vessels are r5d]$ wat]pro( by ! application ( pit* secur$ by boil+ ,jack ,p9e cones4 ,9 e>ly ,april1 ! ,ojibwe visit _! camps1 ! m5 to repair ! camps & ! /orage vats ( holl[$ logs1 & to cut fire wood1 ! wom5 to see t ! sap buckets & mokoks are scrupul\sly clean & wat]tight4 ,if "s c n be repair$1 rolls ( bir*b>k are !re to make new ones4 ,! :ole family !n move to ! camp & live 9 ! l>ge wigwam1 :ile !y make sug> = a mon?4 ,dur+ ! sap fl[1 a man c *op holes & set taps into f two to ?ree hundr$ trees 9 a day4 ,! fir/ fl[ ( sap is ! be/1 & x gets to be ( a r poor quality by ! end ( ! fl[4 ,! ,ojibwe w n use ! night fl[ ( ! sap1 :i* !y say is bitt]1 s !y cease collect+ an h\r be=e d>k4 ,ga!r$ sap is /or$ 9 holl[$ basswood log vats1 & cov]$ ov] ) bir* b>k to keep x clean4 ,boil+ 9 ! iron kettles is done mu* z ! :ite man does x1 except t foam is dissipat$ by /irr+ ) a fre% bru% ( a spruce bran*4 ,! syrup is /ra9$ ?r\gh a clo? & recook$ 9 two or ?ree qu>t quantities until x is ready to sug>4 ,!n1 :ile /ill w>m1 x is p\r$ into a wood5 tr\gh1 :]e x is p\nd$ & cru%$ ) a heavy wood5 paddle z x h>d5s4 ,x is /or$ 9 cov]$ bir* b>k baskets call$ mokoks1 ( f tw5ty-five to sev5ty-five p\nds capacity4 ,! sug> is grad$ accord+ to its :it5ess & /or$ away4 ,sap is (t5 add$ to ! dregs 9 ! kettles & a second grade sug> is secur$4 ,to wa/e or spill any ( ! sap is consid]$ an affront to _! deities1 :o puni% su* an act by caus+ ! sug> to %r9k aft] x is made4 ,,alismaceae 7,,wat]-,,planta9 ,,family7 ,arum-leav$ ,arr[head 7,sagitt>ia arifolia ,nutt47 8wabasi pn0 :ite potato4#abi ,bo? ! ,flambeau & ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe call ?is by ! same "n & use x exactly alike z f> z its food value is conc]n$4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe also use x z a m$ic9e = man & horse4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe recognize t x is also a favorite food ( ducks & geese4 ,a simil> species f\nd 9 ,cali=nia is us$ by ! ,indians !re z a potato "u ! "n 8wappate0 or 8wapatoo01 & is call$ by ! :ites !re 8,tule root40#acj ,! corms are a mo/ valu$ food s\rce to ! ,ojibwe4 ,!y w dig !m if !y _c get !m m easily4 ,muskrat & beav]s /ore !m 9 l>ge ca*es1 :i* ! ,indians h le>n$ to recognize & appropriate4 ,x is difficult to dig !m out /ill atta*$ to ! plant1 because ! connection betwe5 ! roots & ! corm is s fragile & small4 ,! r\nd corms are atta*$ by a t9y rootlet to ! ma9 mass ( fibr\s roots1 & are capable ( reproduc+ ! plant 9 a vegetative mann]1 j z ! ,iri% ,potato does4 ,!y are f "o-half to an in* & a half 9 diamet] & ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s to two in*es long4 ,!y are pure :ite inside1 sweet & q />*y4 ,! ,indian does n diff]5tiate betwe5 ?is species & ! ,broad-leav$ ,arr[head4 ,= w9t] use1 ! potato is boil$1 !n slic$ & /rung on a piece ( basswood b>k fib] & hung up ov]head = /orage4 ,!y also use ! fre% corms1 cook+ !m ) de] meat1 & maple sug>4 ,"s ( ! potatoes are kept ov] aft] cook+ & ! maple sug> is ?ick5$ until !y might almo/ be call$ c&i$ sweet potatoes4 ,,anac>diaceae 7,,sumac ,,family7 ,smoo? ,sumac 7,rhus glabra ,l471 8bakwa nak0 b9d+ tree4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe ga!r ! b]ries to make a pleasant bev]age mu* l lemonade4 ,! b]ries are t>t & are sweet5$ ) maple sug>1 soak$ 9 wat] until requir$ = use4 ,!y also ga!r & dry !m = w9t] use4 ,! dri$ b]ries are cook$ 9 wat] ) maple sug>1 & =m a hot dr9k1 in/ead ( a cool+ "o1 z us$ 9 ! summ] & fall4 ,/aghorn ,sumac 7,rhus typh9a ,l471 8bakwa natg0 b9d+ tree4#aca ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! b]ries 9 ! same way z ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is species1 & "u ! same "n4 ,!y also /ore up ! dri$ se$ heads = w9t] use4 ,,ari/olo*iaceae 7,,bir?wort ,,family7 ,wild ,g+] 7,as>um canad5se ,l4 v>4 acum9atum ,a%e71 8"n pn01 /urgeon potato4#acb ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe (t5 use ?is root 9 cook]y to season ! food4 ,!y claim x takes away any muddy ta/e f fi%1 & w r5d] any meat di% dige/ible by anyone1 ev5 if !y are sick4 ,! roots are process$ 9 lye wat] = cook]y on a l>ge scale4 ,,asclepiadaceae 7,,milkwe$ ,,family7 ,common ,milkwe$ 7,asclepias syriaca ,l471 8cabo skn0 milk1 8nniwnj0 indian plant ,flambeau "n4#acc ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe eat ! fre% fl[]s & tips ( ! %oots 9 s\ps4 ,!y are usually cook$ ) "s k9d ( meat & become some:at mucilag9\s l okra1 :5 cook$4 ,!y also ga!r & dry ! fl[]s = refre%5+ 9 ! w9t] "t1 to make into s\p4 ,,betulaceae 7,,bir* ,,family7 ,yell[ ,bir* 7,betula lutea ,mi*x4 f471 8winsk04 ,! ,flambeau & ,c\d]ay ,ojibwe tap ! ,yell[ ,bir* = sap to add to maple sap = a pleasant bev]age dr9k4 ,hazelnut 7,corylus am]icana ,walt471 8mkwobaga nak0 be> nut4#acd ,! ,flambeau ,indians use ! hazel nut z a food & are especially fond ( ! newly ga!r$ nuts be=e ! k]nel has h>d5$4 ,! "n is (t5 %ort5$ to 8baga nak04 ,beak$ ,hazelnut 7,corylus ro/rata ,ait471 8ba gana mc0 nut tree4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe also use ! ,beak$ ,hazelnut4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe also recognize x z 8baga nak0 nut & use x z a food4 ,,caprifoliaceae 7,,honeysuckle ,,family7 ,nannyb]ry 7,viburnum l5tago ,l471 8atte tamn04#ace ,! b]ries are eat5 :5 ripe1 fre% f ! bu%1 & are also us$ 9 jam ) wild grapes4 ,,cela/raceae 7,,/aff ,,tree ,,family7 ,climb+ ,bitt]sweet 7,cela/rus sc&5s ,l471 8mandobma kwt0 _s twi/$4#acf ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe /ory ( ?is plant is practically ! same z t ( ! ,m5om9i1 z giv5 9 ,museum bullet9 ,vol4 ,,iv1 ,no4 #a1 pp4 #fc-fd4 ,bitt]sweet is fairly abundant ar\nd ,lee* ,lake1 & is f\nd 9 d5se h>dwood =e/s climb+ to tops ( trees ?irty feet or m 9 height4 ,:5 food is unobta9able 9 ! w9t]1 because ! sn[ is too deep & game is sc>ce1 ! ,ojibwe ga!r ?is b>k & sep>ate ! inn] b>k to make a ?ick s\p = a meal4 ,:ile x is n s v palatable1 x is su/a9+ & !y may subsi/ on x = a consid]able "t1 until !y are able to get "s game1 or to g to "s relatives & get o!r food/uffs4 ,! ,ojibwe "n ref]s z does ! ,m5om9i "n1 to ! twi/$ inte/9es ( _! cultural h]o1 ,w9abojo4 ,,compositae 7,,composite ,,family7 ,l>ge-leav$ ,a/] 7,a/] macrophyllus ,l471 8mgsi bg01 eagle leaf4 ,! leaves ( ?is a/] are eat5 :5 "y & t5d]4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe decl>e t !y are f9e-flavor$ & good to eat1 because !y act z m$ic9e at ! same "t t !y are food4 ,among ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe !y use ! root ( ?is same a/] z a s\p mat]ial1 b call x 8nmgosi bg0 tr\t leaf4 ,philadelphia ,fleabane 7,erig]on philadelphicus ,l471 8micao gacan0 odor ( split ho( ( doe4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe say t de] & c[s eat ?is plant & t !y use x 9 _! smok+ tobacco or k9nik9nik mixture4 ,d&elion 7,t>axacum (fic9ale ,web]7 8weca waskwne k0 yell[ light4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe ga!r ! "y leaves 9 ! spr+ & cook !m ) pork or v5ison = gre5s1 us+ v9eg> made f s\r$ maple sap4 ,,cornaceae 7,,dogwood ,,family7 ,panicl$ ,dogwood 7,cornus paniculata ,l',h]47 8meskwabi mc0 r$ bu%4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is b>k 9 _! k9nik9nik or native smok+ tobacco4 ,sometimes real tobacco is mix$ ) x & sometimes n1 z real tobacco is exp5sive4 ,! twig b>k is peel$ & toa/$ ov] coals on a crude dry+ =k1 !n fur!r %r$d$ to c>ry 9 _! tobacco p\*es & smoke 9 _! pipes4 ,,crucif]ae 7,,mu/>d ,,family7 ,l>ge ,too?wort 7,d5t>ia maxima ,nutt471 8mkwopnik0 be> potato4 ,! root/ocks ( ?is cress are v abundant 9 wet1 spr+y gr\nd 9 ! =e/4 ,! :ite man c only id5tify ?is plant 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye> :5 ! fl[] & leaf are f\nd1 b ! ,ojibwe kn[s ! root & :]e x gr[s s ga!rs x :5 x has matur$4 ,x is a favor$ wild potato1 b has a v pung5t acrid ta/e :5 fre%ly dug4 ,!y heap ! mass ( clean$ roots ^u a blanket & cov] x closely to exclude ! air = f\r or five days4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! roots f]m5t & lose ! acrid ta/e1 becom+ sweet & palatable4 ,! ,ojibwe cook !m ) corn & de] meat1 or ) beans & de] meat1 & say t1 besides be+ a f9e food1 !y are a good m$ic9e = ! /oma*4 ,,cucurbitaceae 7,,g\rd ,,family7 ,cucumb] 7,cucumis sativus ,l471 8eckadamn0 its "n4 ,! ,ojibwe use _! cucumb]s raw1 b sometimes flavor !m ) a v9eg> 8cwabo0 made f s\r+ maple sap4 ,!y are fur!r flavor$ ) p[d]$ maple sug>4 ,ojibwe ,squa% 7,cucurbita maxima ,du*esne71 8ogwssi maun owaso kwonek0 pumpk91 yell[ light4 ,_! ^w 8ogwissimaun0 lit]ally means 8tangl$ hairs01 & ref]s to ! /r+s inside ^u :i* ! se$s are borne4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe cultivate _! own v>iety ( squa%1 al?\gh !y say t !y got x orig9ally f ! ,iroquois4 ,!y dry r+s ( squa% = w9t] use4 ,l>ge ,pie ,pumpk9 7,cucurbita pepo ,l471 8missa bgon0 little giant plant4 ,!y h cultivat$ ?is orig9al ,ojibwe d>k yell[ pie pumpk9 s9ce long be=e ! adv5t ( ! :ite man4 ,!y cut x into r+s & sun dry x = w9t] use4 ,g\rds 7,lag5>ia vulg>is ,s]471 8jicawgan0 holl[ l4 ,! ,ojibwe cultivate ! g\rds1 :i* !y eat :5 "y1 be=e ! r9d has h>d5$4 ,!y also make use ( !m = dr9k+ & dipp+ cups1 & = rattles 9 ! m$ic9e lodge4 ,! m$ic9e man1 8mdewag01 keeps ! rhy?m ( 8 songs by %ak+ !m4 ,!y are pi]c$1 k]nels ( corn or %ells ins]t$1 & !n cork$ aga9 = use4 ,,equisetaceae 7,,horsetail ,,family7 ,field ,horsetail 7,equisetum arv5se ,l471 8gji bnsk0 duck food4#acg ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe ga!r ?is = _! dome/icat$ ducks to eat & also to fe$ _! ponies1 to make _! coats glossy4 ,,ericaceae 7,,hea? ,,family7 ,bog ,rosem>y 7,&rom$a glaucophylla ,l9k471 8bne mkci0 swamp4 ,"y1 t5d] leaves & tips ( ?is plant are us$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe to boil = a bev]age tea4 ,:ile !y (t5 pick & use x fre% on ! hunt+ trail1 !y also ga!r & dry x = lat] use4 ,x is n a bad sub/itute = 8/ore tea40 ,lea!r ,leaf 7,*ama$aphne calyculata ,l4 ,mo5*471 8wabackki bg0 rabbit leaf4 ,?is is ano!r bev]age tea leaf1 priz$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,x is us$ on ! trail or dri$ & sav$ = future use4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe also use x 9 ! same mann]1 "u ! "n1--8macki gobgons0 little swamp leaf4 ,w9t]gre5 7,gaul!ria procumb5s ,l471 8wnsi bgd0 dirty leaf1 %[n 9 plate #ge1 fig4 #b4 ,:ile ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is z a rheumatic m$ic9e1 !y also use ! leaf tea f ! y\nge/1 t5d]e/ leaves z a bev]age tea1 & especially favor x because x 8makes !m feel good04 ,!y also eat ! w9t]gre5 b]ry :i* !y call 8ownsi mn04 ,labrador ,tea 7,l$um gro5l&icum ,o$]471 8waboskki bg0 rabbit leaf1 %[n 9 plate #gf1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! t5d] leaves ( ?is plant = a bev]age tea1 & w ev5 eat ! leaves 9 ! tea4 ,x is a well kn[n tea to _m nor!rn & ,canadian ,indians4 ,cranb]ry 7,vacc9ium oxycoccos ,l471 8mcki mn0 swamp b]ry %[n 9 plate #fg1 fig4 #b4 ,?is is an important wild food ( ! ,flambeau ,indians & also ( ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 :o use a slightly diff]5t pronunciation1 8mcktci mn0 swamp b]ry4 ,! tra9 m5 t g ?r\gh t res]vation nev] seem to tire ( gett+ ,johnnie ,frog to say 8cranb]ry pie0 = !m 9 ,ojibwe4 ,x s\nds s complicat$ because !y really h no ^w = pie 9 _! language b mu/ say1 8swamp b]ries made into sauce roll$ betwe5 bread01--8mcki gimnn backi mnasgn wiwegidasgn04 ,blueb]ry 7,vacc9ium p5nsylvanicum ,lam471 8mnn0 b]ries4 ,! ,flambeau & ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe h>ve/ quantities ( blueb]ries bo? = !mselves & to sell4 ,!y dry !m 9 l>ge quantities on rais$ scaffolds ( ru% mats1 l currants1 or rais9s1 :i* !y some:at resemble4 ,9 ! w9t]1 !y l to cook !m ) dri$ sweet corn1 sweet5$ ) maple sug>4 ,!y also cook !m ) wild rice1 & v5ison & make a sweet bread ) !m4 ,!y h diff]5t names = diff]5t v>ieties ( blueb]ries4 ,! ,l[ ,blueb]ry 7,v4 vacillans ,kalm47 is call$ 8gimnest0 :ile ! l[ ,black ,blueb]ry 7,v4 nigrum ,wood ,britton7 is call$ 8makate mn0 black blueb]ry4 ,no specim5s ( ! la/ two 7 secur$1 b ! names 7 common among ! ,ojibwe4 ,,fagaceae 7,,bee* ,,family7 ,bee* 7,fagus gr&ifolia ,ehrh47 8gawemc04 ,all ! ,ojibwe "k & appreciate ! sweet nuts ( ! bee* tree4 ,!y are nev] pl5tiful en\gh to /ore = w9t]1 b ! ,indians l !m fre%4 ,:ite ,oak 7,qu]cus alba ,l471 8mci mn0 oak b]ry4 ,all ,ojibwe enc\nt]$ told ( _! =m] dep5d5ce ^u acorns = _! s\p /ock4 ,x seems t at lea/ e ,algonkian tribe knew & us$ all species ( acorns4 ,!y got rid ( ! bitt] tann9 ta/e by soak+ ! acorns 9 hot lye4 ,wood a%es 9 wat]1 :5 boil$ gave !m ! lye4 ,a regul> wov5 b>k bag held a quantity ( acorns & ! lye 0 lea*$ out by wa%+ ! :ole bagful 9 sev]al *anges ( w>m wat]4 ,! acorns 7 !n dri$ = /orage1 & :5 want$1 p\nd$ & gr\nd to a co>se fl\r :i* 0 us$ to ?ick5 s\ps or =m a sort ( mu%4 ,blueb]ries 7 (t5 cook$ ) ?is mu% to give x a good flavor & x 0 season$ ) maple sug>4 ,:ite ,oak acorns ne$$ no lye treatm5t4 ,bur ,oak 7,qu]cus macroc>pa ,mi*x471 8mtg mc0 wood5 tree4 ,bur ,oak acorns are bitt]1 b yield to ! lye treatm5t to become z edible z ! acorns ( ! ,:ite ,oak4 ,r$ ,oak 7,qu]cus rubra ,l471 8mtg mc0 wood5 tree4 ,because ,r$ ,oak 0 s abundant 9 ! ,ojibwe t]ritory & s l>ge 9 size1 ! acorns 7 "o ( _! mo/ important />*y foods4 ,!y lea*$ ! tannic acid flavor ) lye & br\ght !m to a p> ) ! sweet acorns ( ,:ite ,oak4 ,black ,oak 7,qu]cus velut9a ,lam47 8t komn04 ,! "n is evid5tly an abbreviation ( 8mtg mn01 b probably an int5tional "o = ?is tree 0 always ref]r$ to by ! abbreviation4 ,its acorns 7 equally good z o!rs :5 ! tann9 0 extract$4 ,,fungi ,! writ] f\nd t none ( ! ,ojibwe eat any ( ! mu%rooms al?\gh !y h two names = !m1--8pkwa djc0 & 8wajackwe d0 muskrat4 ,probably "s remote ance/or _h a fatal exp]i5ce ) mu%rooms & ! news has be5 h&$ d[n4 ,al?\gh ! ,ojibwe h fanciful /ories expla9+ :y !y use c]ta9 plants1 no d\bt _! k came by a process ( trial & error ?r\gh ! c5turies & ! errors h be5 duly buri$ b n entirely =gott54 ,,gram9ae 7,,grass ,,family7 ,corn 7,zea mays ,l471 8m&a mn04 ,corn is a traditional h]itage ( ! ,ojibwe1 al?\gh none knew a "t :5 !y did n h x4 ,_! orig9 my? is t x 0 a p9* ( fle% tak5 f ! side ( _! culture h]o1 ,w9abojo1 by himself & ca/ ^u ! gr\nd1 to gr[ & become corn = !m4 ,?is is ! same z ackn[l$g+ t !y d n "k h[ x came to be "h4 ,:5 m&am9 matures1 !y say t only horses c eat x raw 9 t condition4 ,!y h to soak x 9 lye wat]1 wa% out ! lye & !n p>boil x to prep>e x = ! table4 ,?is is ! same z our hom9y4 ,sci5ti/s ?9k n[ t corn orig9at$ 9 ,mexico f an accid5tal cross+ ( teos9te & gama grass4 ,:ile ! ,ojibwe cultivate & gr[ ! approv$ /ra9s ( corn = ,wiscons91 !y also cl+ to _! own 8calico0 corn1 ) all sorts ( colors ( gra9s on diff]5t cobs4 ,!y h two names = sweet corn1--8wckobi m&amn0 sweet maize1 & 8wckobi sgang0 turns sweet 9 cook+4 ,_! sweet or s(t corns are diff]5t f ^? us$ by ! :ite man4 ,!y roa/ ! e>s 9 ! husk & make x into hom9y z ! :ite man does4 ,!y cut ! k]nels f _! sweet corn & dry !m = w9t] use4 ,x is also boil$ 9 a kettle1 & :5 half-cook$1 is cut f ! cob & dri$ = w9t] use4 ,!y _h a "n = popcorn1 b ! writ] saw none ( x :ile ar\nd !m4 ,wild ,rice 7,zizania palu/ris ,l471 8mano mn0 good b]ry4 ,! ,ojibwe ^w is _! pronunciation ( ! ,m5om9i t]m = wild rice4 ,mo/ ,algonkians h ! same ^w = wild rice & x =ms a v important "p ( _! food4 ,! writ] has (t5 be5 pres5t at ! ,ojibwe rice h>ve/s4 ,! l>ge/ op]ation se5 0 t ( ! ,ojibwe at ,mole ,lake 9 ,=e/ ,c\nty1 ,wiscons94 ,!re ab\t tw5ty families 7 work+ at "o "t & ! writ] work$ at ea* op]ation to become famili> ) x4 ,wild rice prep>ation is ! h>de/ k9d ( labor1 & !y e>n all !y get = x :5 !y sell x4 ,x sells 9 ,milwaukee = #a4je a p\nd1 b "o c buy x f ! ,indians at 4#be to 4#ce a p\nd4 ,"o man reap$ #acbe p\nds ( rice 9 ! h>ve/ "t4 ,! ,m5om9i ,rice ,h>ve/ gr\p 9 ! ,public ,museum exhibition halls1 %[s v well mo/ features ( ! op]ation4 ,v>i\s families h def9ite p>ts ( ! lake = _! %>e1 :ile o!rs travel to small lakes & /ay !re until ! h>ve/ is complete4 ,!y set up a family camp1 :ile ! gra9 is /ill 9 ! milk /age & wait = x to rip54 ,:5 ?is "t arrives1 hav+ made exp]im5tal collections to det]m9e x1 !y make a c]emonial ga!r+4 ,?ree to a canoe1 two wom5 & a man g to ! rice b$s & ga!r suffici5t rice = a prelim9>y fea/4 ,) a hook$ /ick1 held 9 a cresc5t by a /r+1 ! wom5 pull ! rice ov] ! canoe & beat (f ! k]nels ) a /ick1 into ! canoe b$4 ,sometimes1 :5 ! ,indians d n want to wa/e any ( ! rice1 !y w g into ! b$s be=e x is ripe & tie sev]al heads toge!r to rip5 9 t mann]4 ,! fir/ collection is prep>$ complete1 ) songs to _! deities & a c]emonial fea/ is obs]v$4 ,aft] t all h&s fall to 9 e>ne/ & ga!r unremitt+ly until all ! rice is h>ve/$4 ,:5 ! canoe is p>tly load$1 !y pole back to camp1 to prep>e x4 ,wild rice gr[s 9 a mucky soil :i* may be q deep4 ,t5 foot poles1 ) a wide =k to secure a hold on ! grass1 are us$ to propel ! canoe ?r\gh ! rice4 ,on ! return trip :5 load$1 ! wom5 trample ! rice to break (f ! sp9y be>ds or awns4 ,! next /ep is roa/+ or p>*+4 ,a wa% tub is tilt$ aga9/ a l>ge back log & a fire ma9ta9$ "u x4 ,to keep ! rice f burn+1 "o mu/ use a =ty in* paddle & /ir con/antly = ab\t ?ree h\rs4 ,! roa/+ de/roys any weevils t might be pres5t1 gives ! rice a pleasant flavor1 loos5s ! husks or glumes & h>d5s ! rice s x may be kept indef9itely4 ,9 e>li] times1 a hole 0 dug into ! gr\nd & c>efully l9$ ) bucksk94 ,n[adays a c&y bucket is sunk into ! hole4 ,?is is ! ?re%+ floor4 ,a man ) new moccas9s /eps 9 to trample & ?re% x4#ach ,he has a c\ple ( poles1 slant+ ne> ! hole1 & support$ on a tree ) :i* he balances1 :ile trampl+ ! rice4 ,he gives a circul>1 twi/+ pressure to ! rice ) 8 feet to gr9d (f ! husks4 ,!n ! *aff is w9n[$ away by a woman z %[n 9 ! pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 plate #bi1 fig4 #b4 ,a l>ge %all[ bir*b>k tray is %ak5 up & d[n by ! woman z %e /&s 9 a breeze4 ,if !re is no w9d1 ! *aff accumulates on top & is pu%$ ov] ! edge f "t to "t4 ,aft] ! w9n[+1 ! rice is wa%$ to clean x ( =eign matt] & ( ! smoky flavor ( p>*+4 ,x is !n dri$ & ready to use or /ore4 ,wild rice swells m ?an cultivat$ rice 9 cook+4 ,x is (t5 moi/5$ ) six times its bulk 9 wat]4 ,! k]nels are ab\t six times z long z ?ick & 9 cook+ ! ends curl backw>d to meet 9 ! c5t]1 ?us diff]+ f ,oryza sativa1 ! :ite man's rice4 ,! prop] way to cook x ,indian fa%ion is ) de] bro? & season ) maple sug>4 ,wild rice cook$ ) wild f[l takes away ! muddy or wild ta/e & is highly priz$ by ^? :ites :o "k its qualities4 ,,hydrophyllaceae 7,,wat]leaf ,,family7 ,virg9ia ,wat]leaf 7,hydrophyllum virg9ianum ,l471 8nebnenanikweag0#aci hav+ hair on only "o side4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! root z a fe$ = ponies to make !m fatt5 rapidly4 ,,jugl&aceae 7,,walnut ,,family7 ,%ell-b>k ,hickory 7,c>ya ovata ,mill4 ,k4 ,ko*471 8baga nako bagan04 ,hickory trees are sc>ce 9 ! nor?1 b ! ,ojibwe appreciate ! edible nuts4 ,butt]nut 7,juglans c9]ea ,l471 8baga nag04 ,butt]nut is pl5tiful 9 ! nor? & 9 mo/ ,ojibwe t]ritory1 :ile ! ,black ,walnut is n to be f\nd4 ,!y use ! nuts = food & ! hulls = dye4 ,,labiatae 7,,m9t ,,family7 ,wild ,m9t 7,m5?a arv5sis ,l4 v>4 canad5sis ,l4 ,briquet47 8&ego bgons0 little cr[ leaf4#adj ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! foliage to make a bev]age tea4 ,catnip 7,nepeta cat>ia ,l471 8tci "nwck0 big /urgeon leaf4 ,catnip leaves are us$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe 9 mak+ a bev]age tea4 ,,legum9osae 7,,pulse ,,family7 ,hog ,peanut 7,amphic>pa pit*]i ,t4 ,g471 8bgwa dj mskodi smn0 unusual r$ bean4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe cook ! beans & are v fond ( ! unusual flavor imp>t$ to _! cook+ 9 ?is way4 ,!y also cook ! roots1 al?\gh !y are really too small to be consid]$ ( mu* importance4 ,creamy ,vet*l+ 7,la?yrus o*roleucus ,hook471 8bgwadj pnik0 unusual potato4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! root ( ?is plant z a sort ( ,indian potato1 & /ore x 9 deep pits 9 ! g>d51 z !y d _! regul> potatoes4 ,navy ,bean 7,phaseolus vulg>is ,l471 8wab5imnesa0 little :ite b]ry4 ,! ,ojibwe claim to h always _h ! sort ( beans t ! :ite man uses & :ile _! orig9al ,navy ,bean is n exactly l t ( ! :ite man1 /ill x is ne> en\gh to be confus$ ) x4 ,lima ,bean 7,phaseolus lunatus macroc>pus718wab5i mna0 big :ite b]ry4 ,! ,ojibwe also claim to h orig9ally _h ! ,lima ,bean1 b t is d\btful4 ,cranb]ry ,pole ,bean 7,phaseolus vulg>is ,l471 8mskodi mnn0 r$ he>t b]ry4 ,! ,r$ ,cranb]ry ,pole ,bean is ! orig9al s\rce ( all our be/ comm]cial pole beans4 ,! ,indians cultivat$ x 9 aborig9al times4 ,!y use x alone or 9 _m peculi> comb9ations4 ,,li*5s ,tree ,li*5 7,/icta glomulif]a71 8jngwakons wakun0 little :ite p9e & r[ ( eggs or 8jngwakwak0 p9e egg4 ,on ! b>k at ! base ( an old ,:ite ,p9e1 w be f\nd li*5s gr[+ f ! gr\nd to a height ( p]haps ?ree feet4 ,! ,ojibwe ga!r ^! & boil !m until !y coagulate or 8come toge!r0 l scrambl$ eggs4 ,!y say t !y ta/e l eggs 8wawn01 b !y call !m 8wakn01 :i* is a t]m appli$ to ! roe or eggs ( a fi%4 ,x is a favorite di% & a v anci5t "o4 ,,liliaceae 7,,lily ,,family7 ,wild ,onion 7,allium c]nuum ,ro?471 8cgaga wnj0 skunk plant4 ,bo? ,pillag] & ,flambeau ,ojibwe l ! ,wild ,onion & ,wild ,leek 9 ! spr+ z an article ( food4 ,wild ,leek 7,allium tricoccum ,ait471 8bgwa djijca g[nj0 unusual onion 8jcago0 really means skunk1 & f ?is ^w ,*icago 0 nam$4 ,?is is ! l>g] wild onion & is kn[n z ,w9abojo's onion1 or ! "o he po9t$ out = food4 ,x is ga!r$ 9 ! spr+ :5 x is r\nd & plump] ?an 9 ! fall4 ,x is also ga!r$ & dri$ = future use4 ,! ,wild ,leek is some:at bitt]1 :ile ! small] wild onion is sweet4 ,false ,spik5>d 7,smilac9a racemosa ,l4 ,desf471 8agogosi wdji bk0 *ipmunk root4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ?is root add$ to oats to make a pony gr[ fat4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe also prep>e & eat ! ,false ,spik5>d root4 ,x is soak$ 9 lye wat] & p>boil$ to get rid ( ! lye1 !n cook$ l potatoes4 ,,nymphaeaceae 7,,wat] ,,lily ,,family7 ,sweet ,:ite ,wat] ,lily 7,ca/alia odorata ,ait4 ,woodville ,wood71 8odteabg wabgwn0 flat he>t-%ap$ leaf1 :ite fl[]$4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe eat ! buds ( ?is wat] lily be=e !y op54 ,yell[ ,lotus 7,nelumbo lutea 7,willd47 ,p]s471 8wesawasa kwunek odteabg0 yell[ light1 flat he>t-%ap$ leaf4#ada ,mo/ ( ! ,wiscons9 ,ojibwe "k ab\t ?is favor$ wild potato2 & also use ! h>d *e/nut-l se$s to roa/ & make into a sweet meal4 ,!y cut (f ! t]m9al %oots1 at ei!r end ( ! und]gr\nd creep+ root/ock & ! rema9d] is _! potato4 ,^! %oots are simil> 9 %ape & size to a banana1 & =m ! />*y /orage res]voirs = future gr[?4 ,!y h pores inside1 b h m sub/ance to !m ?an ! /ems4 ,!y are cut crosswise & /rung ^u basswood /r+s1 to hang f ! raft]s = w9t] use4 ,!y are soak$ :5 ne$$ & !n cook$ ) v5ison1 corn or beans4 ,,oleaceae 7,,olive ,,family7 ,r$ ,a% 7,frax9us p5nsylvanica ,m>%47 8agmak0 sn[-%oe wood4 ,! cambium lay] ( ! a% is scrap$ d[n 9 long1 fluffy lay]s & cook$4 ,x is call$ 8sagma kwn01 :i* incorporates ! "n ( ! a% ) 8wn0 or eggs4 ,!y say x ta/es l eggs4 ,_m o!r trees are giv5 ! same sort ( treatm5t = food purposes4 ,,p9aceae 7,,p9e ,,family7 ,:ite ,p9e 7,p9us /robus ,l471 8jngwa k04 ,9 ! spr+ ! ,ojibwe use ! "y /am9ate catk9s ( ! p9e to cook = food4 ,x is /ew$ ) meat4 ,"o might ?9k ?is w\ld ta/e r l pit*1 b !y assur$ ! writ] t x 0 sweet & _h no pit*y flavor4 ,hemlock 7,tsuga canad5sis ,l4 ,c>r471 8gagagi wc04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! leaves ( ,hemlock to make a bev]age tea4 ,?is sort ( tea is (t5times us$ by ! ,indian ,m$ic9e man to c>ry 8 m$icam5ts & disguise ! fact t ! pati5t is tak+ m$ic9e4 ,,polypodiaceae 7,,f]n ,,family7 ,brake 7,pt]is aquil9a ,l471 8ana ganck0 g5]al f]n "n4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe are fond ( "y f]n spr\ts z a s\p mat]ial4 ,! "y f]n tips1 ) coil$ fronds1 are ab\t l asp>agus tips1 only n /r+y ) fibrovascul> bundles l asp>agus4 ,! tips are ?r[n into hot wat] = an h\r to rid !m ( ants1 !n put into s\p /ock & ?ick5$ ) fl\r4 ,! flavor resembles wild rice4 ,hunt]s are v c>eful to live :olly ^u ?is :5 /alk+ does 9 ! spr+4 ,! doe fe$s ^u ! fronds & ! hunt] does also1 s t 8 brea? does n betray 8 pres5ce4 ,he claims to be able to approa* )9 tw5ty feet )\t di/urb+ ! de]1 f :i* di/ance he c easily make a fatal %ot ) 8 b[ & arr[4 ,aft] kill+ ! de]1 ! hunt] w eat :atev] /rikes 8 fancy4 ,,ranunculaceae 7,,cr[foot ,,family7 ,m>% ,m>igold 7,cal?a palu/ris ,l471 8o gte bg04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! leaves z a gre5 to cook ) pork 9 ! spr+time4 ,,rosaceae 7,,rose ,,family7 ,smoo? ,juneb]ry 7,amelan*i] laevis ,wieg&71 8gozgago mnn0 ?orny b]ry4 ,accord+ to ,john ,:itefea!r1 ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 ?is is ! "n ( ! ,juneb]ry1 :ile ,*>ley ,burns on ! same res]vation call$ x 8bsega gwomn04 ,bo? knew x only z a food1 al?\gh "s tribes use ! b>k z a m$ic9e4 ,juneb]ries 7 also dri$ = w9t] use1 ! ,indians (t5 pref]r+ !m to blueb]ries4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe also use !m z a food & use ! b>k z a m$ic9e4 ,r$ ,haw ,apple 7,crataegus sp471 8mnesaga wnj04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! haw apples z a food 9 ! fall ( ! ye>4 ,wild ,/rawb]ry 7,frag>ia virg9iana ,du*esne71 8ode imn0 he>t b]ry4 ,bo? ,flambeau & ,pillag] ,ojibwe h ! same "n = ! ,wild ,/rawb]ry1 & call x ! he>t b]ry f its %ape & color4 ,!y are v fond ( x 9 season & make pres]ves ( x = w9t] use4 ,wild ,plum 7,prunus nigra ,ait471 8bge sanatg04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe f9d quantities ( ! ,wild ,plum 9 ?ickets & ga!r x = food & = pres]ves4 ,p9 ,*]ry 7,prunus p5nsylvanica ,l4f471 8bae wimnn04 ,! ,p9 ,*]ry is abundant ar\nd ! ,flambeau ,res]vation & ! ,ojibwe are fond ( x4 ,x is an education 9 itself to see a gr\p ( ,ojibwe wom5 work+ on mats ) a supply ( fruit lad5 bran*es beside !m4 ,) "o h& !y w />t a /ream ( b]ries into ! m\? & ! /ream ( *]ry /ones eject$ f ! o!r corn] ( ! m\? seems ceaseless4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe also h ! tree & use x 9 ! same mann]4 ,s& ,*]ry 7,prunus pumila ,l471 8sewakomn04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe f9d pl5ty ( ?is species on s&y op5+s 9 ! =e/1 & ga!r ! fruit = food4 ,wild ,*]ry 7,prunus s]ot9a ,ehrh471 8okwe mn0 worm f egg ( a fly4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe pref] ?is *]ry to all o!r wild *]ries1 & dry x = w9t] use4 ,"s ( !m also make :iskey f ! ripe *]ries4 ,*oke ,*]ry 7,prunus virg9iana ,l471 8sawe mn04 ,al?\gh ! fruit ( ?is *]ry is suffici5tly acrid to be unsatisfactory to ! :ites z a food1 ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe l x1 especially aft] ! fruit has be5 fro/$4 ,high ,bu% ,blackb]ry 7,rubus allegh5i5sis ,port]71 8odataga gomc0 blackb]ry /em4#adb ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe reli% ! ,blackb]ry & also ! ,dewb]ry 7,rubus villosus ,ait47 al?\gh we f\nd no specim5 nor di/9ctive "n = x4 ,!y make a jam ( ! b]ries = w9t] use4 ,r$ ,raspb]ry 7,rubus idaeus ,l4 v>4 aculaetissimus ,c4 ,a4 ,mey4 ,regel ,til+7 8meskwa mn0 r$ b]ry4 ,?is is a favorite fre% fruit ( ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe & is also us$ = mak+ jams = w9t] use4 ,,salicaceae 7,,will[ ,,family7 ,l>ge-too!d ,asp5 7,populus gr&id5tata ,mi*x471 8asadi0 bitt] b>k4 ,! ,ojibwe scrape ! cambium lay] to obta9 a food :i* is boil$ & is some?+ l eggs4 ,!y also scrape ! cambium ( sev]al o!r trees = food4 ,,saxifragaceae 7,,saxifrage ,,family7 ,prickly ,gooseb]ry 7,ribes cynosbati ,l471 8me skwacabo mnk0 r$ b]ries ) ?orns4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe reli% ^! b]ries :5 ripe & make !m into pres]ves = w9t] use4 ,wild ,black ,currant 7,ribes am]icanum ,mill471 8amkomn0 beav] b]ries1 %[n 9 plate #gj1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe eat ^! b]ries fre%1 9 jams1 & pres]ves & dry !m = w9t]4 ,9 ! w9t]1 a favorite di% is wild currants cook$ ) sweet corn4 ,! ,flambeau ,indians use !m 9 a l mann]1 b call !m 8kagagtci mn0 rav5 b]ries4 ,wild ,r$ ,currant 7,ribes tri/e ,pall471 8mcitci mnk04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe ga!r ^! currants & use !m z !y d ! ,wild ,black ,currants4 ,smoo? ,gooseb]ry 7,ribes oxyacan?oides ,l471 8cabo mnk0 smoo? b]ry4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe ga!r ?is b]ry = fre% food1 & also make x into pres]ves = w9t] use4 ,x is (t5 cook$ ) sweet corn4 ,,solanaceae 7,,night%ade ,,family7 ,ojibwe ,potato 7,solanum tub]osum ,l471 8opn0 potato4#adc ,! ,ojibwe h cultivat$ ?is e>ly potato1 accord+ to _! traditions s9ce aborig9al times1 & x surely looks primitive en\gh4 ,x is r\nd 9 circumf]5ce1 ab\t two or ?ree in*es long1 has purpli% fle%1 & nev] cooks to a mealy consi/5cy4 ,x is mu* priz$ = s\ps & is always firm & crisp :5 cook$4 ,:ite ,cl\d's potato pat* on ,be> ,isl&1 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota1 is %[n 9 plate #eh1 fig4 #a4 ,,urticaceae 7,,nettle ,,family7 ,hop 7,humulus lupulus ,l47 8jiwc9i goni bg04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe (t5 use ! hop fruit z a sub/itute = bak+ soda4 ,,vitaceae 7,,v9e ,,family7 ,virg9ia ,creep] 7,ps$]a qu9quefolia ,l4 ,gre5e71 8mand bimakwt0 _s twi/$4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe say t ! root ( ?is v9e 0 cook$ & eat5 a long "t ago by _! p & t x _h be5 giv5 z a special food by ,w9abojo4 ,riv]-bank ,grape 7,vitis vulp9a ,l471 8c wimnn04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ^! grapes aft] !y h be5 fro/$1 & make !m into jelly = w9t] use4 ,,ojibwe ,,vegetal ,,fib]s ,! ,ojibwe ,indians h always be5 f> remov$ f ! beat5 pa?s ( ! :ite m51 & = ?is reason make good use ( _! native plant mat]ials4 ,(t times1 x seems to ! :ite man t !y be/[ consid]able labor1 ^u mak+ cord1 /r+1 mats1 baskets & simil> articles t might z easily be pur*as$ at a /ore4 ,b money is n pl5tiful1 & _m ( ! ?+s t c be pur*as$ h inf]ior la/+ qualities4 ,disgu/ = a poor sub/itute1 pride 9 _! own res\rcefulness1 & ! habit ( c5turies has kept !m con/antly prov+ t !y are ! ma/] ( _! environm5t & cont9u+ to make _! products 9 ! good old ,ojibwe way4 ,outside ( y>n sa%es1 !y h n wov5 textiles = a long "t4 ,p]haps ! la/ ( _! textile "w is 9 /orage bags made f nettle fib] or basswood /r+4 ,c$> b>k fib] 0 us$ long ago = "s co>se textiles b n )9 ! pa/ c5tury4 ,_! b>k wigwams are q com=table & probably m ,ojibwe live 9 ^! native h\ses1 %[n 9 plate #df1 fig4 #b1 & plate #eh1 fig4 #b1 ?an 9 frame h\ses4 ,c]ta9ly !y use m ( ^! ?an any o!r ,wiscons9 tribe4 ,! mats = ! b5*es or b$s at ! out] rim ( ! wigwam1 or = ! floor inside1 are skillfully made4 ,!y c make _! wigwams w9d & wat]pro( ) sew$ cat-tail mats & bir* b>k1 z %[n 9 plate #df1 fig4 #b1 & c ev5 live v com=tably 9 _! wigwams 9 sub-z]o temp]atures4 ,!re are sev]al ag5cy s*ools scatt]$ ab\t ! res]vations1 :]e ! *ildr5 may g to s*ool1 & happily ! tea*]s usually enc\rage ! *ildr5 to le>n _! own ,indian arts4 ,! s*ools are really bo>d+ s*ools1 :]e ! *ildr5 /ay cont9u\sly = n9e mon?s1 be+ completely clo!d by ! ,indian s]vice4 ,sometimes boys & girls w escape & run home to hide1 b ! discipl9>ian & ,indian policeman usually f]ret !m out & br+ !m back1 or else seize ! fa!r & hold him 9 jail until ! s*ol> is produc$ aga94 ,indian *ildr5 are taught m ( ! useful arts & h\sehold arts ?an are ! :ite *ildr51 b also h access to a college education ?r\gh _! univ]sity or normal s*ools4 ,"u ! head ( vegetal fib]s1 we also consid] _! uses ( =e/ trees1 s9ce ^! are s closely relat$4 ,z be=e1 ! plant families are li/$ alphabetically1 & descriptions ( uses are made along ! same l9es z 9 ! prec$+ divisions ( ?is bullet94 ,,ojibwe ,,fib] ,,plants ,,ac]aceae 7,,maple ,,family7 ,r$ ,maple 7,ac] rubrum ,l471 8cicigmewc04 ,?is leaf is frequ5tly us$ 9 ! ,ojibwe beadwork designs4 ,9 fact1 _m leaves1 fl[]s & fruits furni% designs4 ,s9ce ! plants are sacr$ to _! midewiw9 or m$ic9e lodge1 x is common = !m to use especially valuable rem$ies 9 _! designs4 ,^! may be work$ 9 ei!r porcup9e quills or beads4 ,%ell & copp] beads 7 us$ 9 ! old] "w1 :ile t9y glass beads obta9able f ! :ites are n[ us$4 ,indian wom5 are usually mo/ apt at _! own aborig9al designs & d a r poor job1 :5 !y are giv5 a :ite man's design to copy4 ,9 ! e>ly days1 ! ,indian m5 drew outl9e pictures on bir*b>k scrolls to rem9d !m ( midewiw9 rituals1 practices & m$ic9es4 ,indian wom5 exp]im5t$ ) plant mat]ials laid ^u bir* b>k until !y f\nd ! design t suit$ !m4 ,de] horns burn$ 9 ! fire to furni% *>coal or else fl\r 0 us$ to coat ! und]side ( a leaf1 :i* 0 !n press$ ^u bir* b>k to leave its outl9e z f a c>bon copy4 ,! bir* b>k design w\ld be plac$ b5ea? ! native bead loom1 z %[n 9 plate #dh1 fig4 #a1 & ! patt]n copi$ 9 beads4 ,sa%es1 anklets1 bracelets1 kneelets1 belts1 coats & wai/s 7 bead$1 also moccas9s4 ,! public is n v disc]n+ 9 *oos+ real ,indian designs1 b ! e?nologi/ c quickly pick ! orig9als1 ev5 ?\gh he may nev] h se5 t tribe ( ,indians be=e4 ,m\nta9 ,maple 7,ac] spicatum ,lam471 8cacagobimk0 emetic b>k4 ,! ?ree-lob$ leaf ( ! ,m\nta9 ,maple is a great favorite ) ,ojibwe wom5 = design "w = bead+1 & x is m (t5 se5 ?an any o!r k9d ( leaf4 ,sug> ,maple 7,ac] sac*>um ,m>%471 8nnatg0 ,indian tree4#add ,paddles = /irr+ maple sug> or wild rice :ile scor*+ or p>*+ x1 b[ls & _m o!r objects ( utility 7 made by ! ,ojibwe f ?is wood4 ,,apocynaceae 7,,dogbane ,,family7 ,spread+ ,dogbane 7,apocynum &rosaemifolium ,l471 8wesawskwn0 ne>ly blue fl[]s4 ,! ,flambeau wom5 us$ to use ! out] r9d = f9e sew+4 ,9 ! fall1 :5 mature ?is fib] makes "o ( ! /ronge/ native fib]s1 /rong] ev5 ?an ! cultivat$ hemp to :i* x is relat$4 ,,betulaceae 7,,bir* ,,family7 ,pap] ,bir* 7,betula alba ,l4 v>4 papyrif]a ,m>%4 ,spa*7 8wgwas04 ,bir* occupies almo/ z important a position 9 ! life ( ! ,ojibwe z dates d 9 ! life ( an ,arabian or cocoanuts 9 ! life ( a ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]4 ,! b>k is us$ = buckets1 baskets1 wigwam cov]+1 & canoes4 ,patt]ns = _! decorative art 7 made ^u ! b>k2 records ( _! m$ic9e lodge ritual 7 kept on its virg9 surface4 ,x & c$> =m ! two mo/ sacr$ trees ( ! ,ojibwe1 bo? ( :i* are s useful to !m4 ,!y reg>d ! bir* b>k z a di/9ct contribution f ,w9abojo & po9t to ! fact t x is ! la/ "p ( ! tree to decay4 ,x keeps its =m ev5 aft] ! wood has *ang$ to du/ & c be readily slipp$ f ! wood 9 decay$ logs4 ,x also has ! prop]ty ( protect+ f decay articles /or$ 9 x4 ,!y claim t a bir* is nev] /ruck by lightn+1 h5ce (f]s a safe h>bor 9 a ?und]/orm4 ,no bir* or c$> is ga!r$ by ! ,ojibwe )\t due (f]+ ( tobacco to ,w9abojo & ,gr&mo!r ,e>?4 ,families make a pilgrimage to bir* groves dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,june & 9 ,july to ga!r _! supply ( bir* b>k1 because x peels mo/ easily at t "t4 ,z ev]yone kn[s1 !re are _m lay]s ( b>k on a bir* tree rang+ f ! ?9ne/ pap] to q heavy pieces t make v durable canoes4 ,george ,l4 ,waite1 ,honor>y ,curator ( ,botany 9 ?is museum1 made a special s]ies ( pictures1 ?irty 9 numb]1 detail+ e /ep 9 ! manufacture ( _! canoes or 8tciman0 z !y call !m4 ,ogabegijg rift 9 ! cl\ds & 8 wife ,cawasnokwe rays ( light f cl\d bo? #hj ye>s old1 ab\t ! only old c\ple at ,lac du ,flambeau1 /ill rememb]+ ! prop] ,ojibwe me?od ( mak+ a bir*b>k canoe 7 engag$ to c>ry on ! "w4 ,important /eps are %[n 9 plates accompany+ ?is bullet94 ,to f9d a tree ) ?ick b>k suitable = canoe-mak+ (t5 necessitates a consid]able j\rney on foot z x did 9 ?is case4 ,! trunk %\ld be t5 to fifte5 in*es 9 diamet]1 smoo? & /raight z c be select$4 ,pap] bir*es are ( sl[ gr[? & ! usual specim5 ( t diamet] w be f fifty to sev5ty ye>s old4 ,?is tree 0 collect$ ) all ! prop] c]emony4 ,into a hole 9 ! gr\nd at ! base ( ! tree1 tobacco 0 plac$ z an (f]+4 ,tobacco 0 smok$ by ! man1 :o salut$ ! c>d9al po9ts ( ! compass1 & likewise heav5 & e>?4 ,! tree 0 !n cut d[n4 ,!y say t usually x w be left /&+ on ! /ump1 s t ! b>k may be undamag$1 b = ?is canoe :]e ! outside ( ! b>k becomes ! inside ( ! canoe1 !y fell$ cross$ logs to hold x (f ! gr\nd4 ,to remove ! b>k1 a long p]p5dicul> slit is made ! l5g? desir$4 ,f ?is cut ! b>k is laid back on ei!r side1 ) an axe1 & peel$ f ! log z %[n 9 plate #eb1 fig4 #a4 ,to ov]come ! natural curl ( ! b>k1 x is !n roll$ up ) ! inn] side outmo/1 9 prop] l5g?s & ti$ ) inn] b>k ( ! basswood1 :i* is _! ready cord mat]ial4 ,) a tump-l9e ov] ! head1 z %[n 9 plate #eb1 fig4 #b1 ! man is ready to c>ry ! b>k home1 :]e he w make ! canoe4 ,! framework 0 made ( ,:ite ,c$> or ,arbor ,vitae because x is light1 ela/ic1 /rong & easy to split4 ,9 plate #ec1 fig4 #a1 ,ogabegijg is %[n splitt+ ! c$> log to obta9 ! ribs & framework4 ,!re are two l5g?s1 sixte5 feet = top rails1 & six feet = ribs1 z %[n 9 plate #ec1 fig4 #b4 ,! curves ( ! pr[ & /]n are obta9$ by slitt+ a /ave twelve times s t x may be b5t at "r angles1 ti$ securely ) basswood /r+1 & held 9 place until dri$ z %[n 9 plate #ed1 fig4 #a4 ,a /ak$ =m eighte5 feet long is next laid out on ! gr\nd1 z %[n 9 plate #ed1 fig4 #b4 ,! b>k is secur$ betwe5 ! two /akes s t x _c slip & is !n ready = sew+ toge!r4 ,l>ge rocks are pil$ inside to ov]come any t5d5cy ( ! b>k to curl4 ,! sew+ mat]ial is ! root ( ,jack ,p9e4 ,^! are especially suitable s9ce !y are long & /raight4 ,ogabegijg is se5 pull+ !m out ( ! gr\nd aft] digg+ ) a grub hoe1 9 plate #ee1 fig4 #a4 ,! c5tral core is t\gh & is ab\t ! same diamet] at ! tip z x is close to ! ma9 trunk ( ! tree4 ,x is split into two & coil$1 to furni% a v t\gh flexible cord4 ,! coils are %[n ) ,cawasnokwe "u ! ,jack ,p9e tree f :5ce !y came 9 plate #ee1 fig4 #b4 ,bo? c$> /icks & root fib] are sunk 9 ! lake till ne$$4 ,sew+ makes awl holes necess>y1 & a ,:ite ,oak wood awl is us$4 ,bo? ends are drawn ?r\gh ! same hole ) a lock /it*1 l ! %oemak] us$ to use 9 putt+ on half soles4 ,all holes mu/ be caulk$ & made wat]tight4 ,pit* is obta9$ f a ,balsam1 ,norway ,p9e1 or ,:ite ,p9e4 ,not*es made 9 ! tree trunk fill ) res9 9 t5 days4 ,?is is boil$ ) tall[ 9 a kettle1 z %[n 9 plate #ef1 fig4 #a4 ,! res9 is cook$ a second "t to obta9 ! pit* & ,hemlock or ,l>* b>k is us$ to furni% ! heat1 because x produces m /eady heat ?an a wood fire4 ,cawasnokwe is se5 aga9 sew+ ! canoe into its =m 9 plate #ef1 figure #b1 & is %[n apply+ pit* to ! seams 9 plate #eg1 figure #a4 ,decorations are made ) native dyes su* z blue clay & r$ o*re4 ,n[adays :ite m5's colors are us$ & clan m>ks pa9t$ on ea* end4 ,ogabegijg uses a be> picture = 8 clan m>k :ile ,cawasnokwe belongs to ! *ick5 clan4 ,! f9i%$ canoe is se5 9 plate #eg1 fig4 #b1 z !y are laun*+ x ^u ,flambeau ,lake4 ,v few ,ojibwe c /ill make a real bir* b>k canoe 9 ?is mann] & ! museum consid]s ?is s]ies ( photographs a valuable "o4 ,! tree is lat] salvag$ = firewood1 b ! b>k may be us$ "r away z soon z obta9$4 ,em]g5cy trays or buckets may be fa%ion$ at once 9 ! woods1 or ! b>k may be /or$ = future use4 ,! application ( heat is all t is necess>y to b5d x 9 any %ape desir$4 ,al?\gh x is highly inflammable1 /ill buckets ( bir* b>k c be us$ to cook meats4 ,:]e wat] cov]s ! inside ( ! vessel1 x w n burn4 ,! ,ojibwe woman saves scraps ( bir*b>k to k9dle or light fires ) !m4 ,a h&y tor* :i* w burn all night c be made by roll+ bir* b>k tightly4 ,x is (t5 us$ by ! ,ojibwe 9 lieu ( c&les4 ,ne>ly any kit*5 ut5sil common to ! :ite man1 c be duplicat$ 9 bir*b>k by ! ,ojibwe4 ,ev5 funnels = p\r+ hot l>d are easily made4 ,! mokoks or baskets are made = ga!r+ & /or+ b]ries1 = /or+ maple sug>1 dri$ fi%1 meat1 or any food4 ,! bir*b>k keeps ! food f spoil+4 ,"s ( ! mokoks = ga!r+ b]ries or c>ry+ maple sap1 h b>k h&les l bucket h&les1 z %[n 9 plate #di1 fig4 #a1 :ile l>g] /orage baskets h no h&les1 b a lid1 or sometimes a flap ( ! basket itself is us$ to close x tightly4 ,all sorts ( dry+ trays are made f bir* b>k4 ,%all[ trays = w9n[+ wild rice are also made ( x4 ,%eets ( b>k are sew$ toge!r ) basswood /r+ & made into bir*b>k rolls1 us$ z wat]pro( ro(+ = wigwams1 z %[n 9 plate #df1 fig4 #b4 ,/icks ti$ across ! end ( ! roll keep x f splitt+ & te>+4 ,a f9e opportunity to see ^! b>k rolls 0 af=d$ dur+ ! ,c\rt ( ,neptune pageant 9 #aibf on ! lake front 9 ,milwaukee1 :5 ! writ] br\ght d[n ov] a hundr$ ,ojibwe ,indians f ,lac ,c\rt ,oreilles1 ,wiscons91 & set up a model old "t village ( elev5 wigwams4 ,!re !y liv$ = a week demon/rat+ _! =m] me?ods ( life1 j]k+ meats ov] op5 fires1 z %[n 9 plate #dg1 fig4 #b1 & practic+ _! native arts & crafts4 ,l[ ,bir* 7,betula pumila ,l4 v>4 gl&ulif]a ,regel71 8bnemc0 p>tridge bu%4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! twigs ( ?is dw>f bir* = ! ribs ( baskets1 :]e sweet grass is ! weav+ mat]ial4 ,hazelnut 7,corylus am]icana ,walt471 8mkwobaganak04#ade ,a crook$ /ick ) an enl>g$ base su* z c (t5 be obta9$ 9 a hazel bu% makes ! favorite drum /ick = ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,! f9] twigs are b\nd into a bundle1 ) ! tips %e>$1 to s]ve z a primitive broom or bru% to be us$ on ! b>e gr\nd 9 ! wigwam4 ,! f9] twigs may also be us$ z ribs 9 mak+ wov5 baskets = collect+ or /or+ acorns or h>d fruits4 ,,caprifoliaceae 7,,honeysuckle ,,family7 ,d[ny ,arr[-wood 7,viburnum pubesc5s ,ait4 ,pur%71 8wabanweak0 ea/ /ick4 ,! b>k ( ?is species furni%$ "o ( ! +r$i5ts ( a ,pillag] ,ojibwe k9nik9nik1 :i* ! writ] smok$ & pron\nces good4 ,,compositae 7,,composite ,,family7 ,woolly ,y>r[ 7,a*illea lanulosa ,nutt471 8wabgwon0 :ite fl[]4 ,! fl[] heads are us$ 9 ! k9nik9nik mixture = smok+ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,?is mixture1 is n h[ev] smok$ = pleasure1 b 9 m$ic9e lodge c]emonies = c]emonial purposes4 ,:ite ,sage 7,artemisia ludoviciana ,nutt471 8bebejigoganj wngsk0 horse holl[ tube4 ,:ile ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ?is plant z a horse m$ic9e1 !y report t _! neighbors ! ,si\x use x 9 _! smok+ tobacco4 ,,cornaceae 7,,dogwood ,,family7 ,alt]nate-leav$ ,dogwood 7,cornus alt]nifolia ,l4 f471 8mosomc0 moose tree4 ,! b>k ( ?is dogwood is us$ = k9nik9nik1 :ile ! twigs are us$ 9 ?at*+ & = v>i\s purposes by ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe4 ,panicl$ ,dogwood 7,cornus paniculata ,l',h]471 8meskwabimc0 r$ tree4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe make k9nik9nik f ! b>k ( ?is species = smok+4 ,,cyp]aceae 7,,s$ge ,,family7 ,wool ,grass 7,scirpus cyp]9us ,l4 ,kun?471 8gaewckk04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ^! small ru%es = a c]ta9 k9d ( mat1 & =m]ly us$ !m = wov5 bags = /orage4 ,great ,bulru% 7,scirpus validus ,vahl471 8jkamiskn04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ?is ru% = _! be/ mats4 ,! blea*$ ru%es are %[n 9 plate #ea1 fig4 #a1 aft] !y h be5 imm]s$ 9 wat] = a few days & !n cleans$4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! same ru% 9 ! same way4 ,!y select long ru%es1 ) small diamet]s1 s t ! pi? cont5t is small4 ,:5 ! mat is 9 s]vice1 su* a fib] w n cru% readily4 ,! ru% :5 ga!r$ is an int5se gre51 :ite only at ! base :]e x /&s 9 wat]4 ,all ru%es mu/ fir/ be blea*$ pure :ite1 & aft]w>ds color$ z desir$4 ,!y are pull$1 r ?an cut1 9 ord] to obta9 ! maximum l5g?4 ,:5 ?or\ghly blea*$ & dri$1 !y dye !m ) :ite m5's dyes4 ,=m]ly !y us$ native dyes1 :i* !y really pref]4 ,! writ] tri$ = a long "t to secure ! prop] dyes = ,:itefea!r1 b )\t success4 ,!y _h a small quantity ( ,g]man dye b\ght 9 #aiad1 :i* 0 satisfactory1 b ! six lots s5t !m 7 n equal to ! small sample 9 p5etration nor p]man5ce4 ,! blea*$ ru%es prepond]ate 9 any rug1 & are ivory-:ite 9 color4 ,! f9i%$ rug or mat is ?ree feet wide & f f\r to eight feet long1 & sells = f #h to #cj4adf ,! edge is b\nd securely ) nettle fib] cord4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use a m g5]al t]m 9 ref]r+ to ! ru%es 8anaganck0 mean+ ru%es 9 g5]al4 ,,equisetaceae 7,,horsetail ,,family7 ,sc\r+ ,ru% 7,equisetum hyemale ,l471 8gjibnsk0 duck plant4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 besides us+ ?is = a m$ic9e1 employ a h&ful ( ! /ems to sc\r _! kettles & pans4 ,,fagaceae 7,,bee* ,,family7 ,:ite ,oak 7,qu]cus alba ,l471 8mtgomc04 ,! wood is ( mu* value to all ! ,ojibwe1 especially = mak+ awls to pun* holes 9 bir* b>k z !y are sew+ x ) ,jack ,p9e roots4 ,!y use x 9 mak+ wigwams & = sev]al o!r ?+s4 ,9 fact1 all ! oaks are us$ & appreciat$4 ,,gram9eae 7,,grass ,,family7 ,sweet ,grass 7,an?oxan?um odoratum ,l471 8wckobimckosi0 sweet grass4 ,:ile ,sweet ,grass is sc>ce ar\nd ! ,flambeau & ,pillag] res]vations1 !y secure x else:]e = mak+ baskets1 & say t 9 old5 times x 0 us$ c]emonially because ( its p]si/5t sweet sc5t4 ,,hydrophyllaceae 7,,wat]leaf ,,family7 ,virg9ia ,wat]leaf 7,hydrophyllum virg9ianum ,l471 8nebnenanikweag40 hav+ hair on only "o side4 ,accord+ to ,:ite ,cl\d1 ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 ?is root 0 *opp$ up & put into pony fe$ to make !m gr[ fat & h glossy hair4 ,,jugl&aceae 7,,walnut ,,family7 ,%ell-b>k ,hickory 7,c>ya ovata ,mill4 ,k4 ,ko*471 8mtgwabak0 wood584 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! wood = mak+ b[s4 ,"s are q p>ticul> ab\t ! piece ( wood !y select1 *oos+ a billet f ! tree t includes he>t wood on "o side & sap wood on ! o!r4 ,! he>t wood is ! front ( ! b[ 9 use1 :ile ! sap wood is ne>e/ ! us]4 ,x is likewise a wood ( g5]al utility4 ,,juncaceae 7,,ru% ,,family7 ,dudley's ,ru% 7,juncus dudleyi ,wieg&71 8jgomiskn04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ?is t9y ru% 9 _! f9e/ mat "w1 = small pieces4 ,,legum9osae 7,,pulse ,,family7 ,creamy ,vet*l+ 7,la?yrus o*roleucus1 ,hook471 8bgwadjk pnikmnebg0 unusual potato1 b]ry leaf4 ,! leaves & roots ( ?is 7 us$ by ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe to put _s into a pony j be=e !y expect$ to race him4 ,m>% ,vet*l+ 7,la?yrus palu/ris ,l471 8bebejigoganji mackiki0 horse m$ic9e or lit]ally 8animal ) only "o ho(0 m$ic9e4 ,! foliage 0 specially f$ to a pony by ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe to make x gr[ fat4 ,,myricaceae 7,,bayb]ry ,,family7 ,sweet ,f]n 7,myrica aspl5ifolia ,l471 8gibaimennagws0 cov]]4 ,?is ^w is almo/ ! same z ! ,m5om9i ^w = ,sweet ,f]n & means ! same ?+4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! leaves to l9e _! buckets :5 !y pick blueb]ries & also cov] !m ) ! leaves1 to keep !m f spoil+4 ,,oleaceae 7,,olive ,,family7 ,black ,a% 7,frax9us nigra ,m>%74 ,black ,a% is ! wood *os5 = basketry spl9ts by ! ,ojibwe4 ,:ile our ,wiscons9 ,indians are skill$ at basket mak+1 _! product is m useful ?an highly ornam5tal4 ,if !y _h ! yucca leaves1 ! devil's claw fib]1 ! sumac twigs1 ! bun* grass1 & ! o!r spl5did basketry fib]s ( ! s\?we/]n ,indians1 no d\bt !y w\ld make equally f9e baskets4 ,! ,wiscons9 ,indians ex]cise possibly m +5uity 9 ga!r+ & prep>+ _! basketry mat]ial4 ,!y select a ,black ,a% log f a swamp & peel x c>efully4 ,!n ) a but*] knife1 !y make a cut ab\t a half in* deep & by p\nd+ ) an axe head cause x to split up f ! log1 z se5 9 plate #ej1 figure #a4 ,by ins]t+ w$ges1 & cont9ually p\nd+ ahead ( !m1 !y cause ! wood to sep>ate along ! annual r+s4 ,!n a fur!r cut is made 9 ! c5t] ( ! annual r+ & ! two halves peel$ back leav+ a glossy surface4 ,^! spl9ts are curl$ up into coils to be imm]s$ 9 kettles ( dye /uffs4 ,!n !y are wov5 by ! wom5 ( ! h\sehold z %[n 9 plate #ej1 figure #b4 ,r$ ,a% 7,frax9us p5nsylvanica ,m>%471 8agmak0 sn[-%oe wood4 ,all a% wood is q valuable to ! ,ojibwe1 z !y use x = b[s & arr[s1 sn[-%oe frames1 sl$s1 basketry spl9ts & cradle bo>ds z %[n 9 plate #di1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,r$ ,a% is n us$ = ! basketry spl9ts :5 !y c get ,black ,a%4 ,,p9aceae 7,,p9e ,,family7 ,balsam ,fir 7,abies balsamea ,l4 ,mill471 8jngob0 any k9d ( fir tree4 ,m prop]ly 8jngob pikewandag0 fir tree t goes up to a peak4 ,! ,ojibwe *op a hole 9 ! trunk & all[ ! res9 to accumulate & h>d54 ,:5 ga!r$ & boil$ x becomes a canoe pit*4 ,x is usually boil$ a second "t ) ! addition ( suet or fat to make a canoe pit* ( ! prop] consi/5cy4 ,ano!r "n giv5 ! tree is 8jngob&ag04 ,tam>ack 7,l>ix l>ic9a ,du,roi ,ko*71 8mckigwatg0 swamp tree4 ,l>* roots are also us$ z a sew+ mat]ial by ! ,flambeau & ,c\d]ay ,ojibwe & !y us$ to sew canoes ) !m4 ,!y also make bags f ! root fib]s1 :i* are consid]$ especially durable4 ,black ,spruce 7,picea m>iana ,mill4 ,,bsp471 8jngwp0 its "n4 ,! ,flambeau & ,c\d]ay ,ojibwe us$ ^! roots to sew canoes1 & f incisions 9 ! b>k ga!r$ ! res9 to be boil$ ) tall[ to make pit* = caulk+ canoes4 ,jack ,p9e 7,p9us banksiana ,lamb471 8ggandag0 its "n4 ,jack ,p9e roots h ev] be5 e/eem$ by all ,ojibwe z f9e sew+ mat]ial = _! canoes & o!r co>se & durable sew+4 ,!y dig ! roots ) a grub hoe z %[n 9 plate #ee1 fig4 #a1 & (t5 f9d !m fifty or sixty feet long4 ,^! are split l5g?wise into two halves />t+ at ! tree end1 & are wrapp$ 9 coils z %[n 9 plate #ee1 fig4 #b4 ,!y are !n sunk 9 ! lake :i* loos5s ! b>k & enables !m to be scrap$ clean1 z well z add+ to _! flexibility4 ,!y are an ivory :ite :5 us$ & v t\gh & flexible4 ,an ,ojibwe woman is %[n sew+ a canoe ) !m 9 plate #ef1 figure #b4 ,norway ,p9e 7,p9us res9osa ,ait471 8abakwangimg0 b>k 9 plates1 %[n 9 plate #fc1 fig4 #b4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe ga!r res9 f ! ,norway ,p9e j z !y d f ! ,:ite ,p9e1 ,balsam & ,spruce1 by *opp+ a hole into ! trunk & collect+ ! res9 z x =ms4 ,x is boil$ twice1 be+ comb9$ ) tall[ ! second "t1 to make a s]viceable wat]pro( pit*4 ,?is is n only us$ = caulk+ canoes1 b = m5d+ ro( rolls ( bir* b>k & o!r ?+s4 ,! wood is also utiliz$4 ,:ite ,p9e 7,p9us /robus ,l471 8jngwakwacskwed0 :ite p9e cone1 %[n 9 plate #fc1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! pit* f ! boil$ cones1 along ) ! res9 t fl[s f box$ trees1 = caulk+ & wat]pro(+ purposes4 ,arbor ,vitae 7,?uja occid5talis ,l471 8gijg0 c$> or sky4 ,! ,ojibwe wor%ips ! ,arbor ,vitae or ,:ite ,c$> & ! ,pap] or ,canoe ,bir*1 z ! two mo/ useful trees 9 ! =e/4 ,! pung5t fragrance ( ! leaves & wood ( ! ,arbor ,vitae are always an acceptable inc5se to ,w9abojo1 & ! wood is _! *oice = light1 /rong /raight-gra9$ canoe frames & ribs1 z %[n 9 plate #ec1 figure #b4 ,9 e>li] times1 ! t\gh /r+y b>k 0 us$ 9 mak+ fib] bags1 b ^! are sc>cely ev] se5 today4 ,hemlock 7,tsuga canad5sis ,l4 ,c>r471 8gagagiwc0 its "n4 ,hemlock b>k 0 us$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe = fuel1 :5 boil+ _! pit* ! second "t1 because ! heat f x 0 m easily regulat$ ?an t f a wood fire4 ,,rosaceae 7,,rose ,,family7 ,haw?orn 7,crataegus sp471 8mnesagawnj04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe wom5 use ! %>p ?orns = sew+ awls on f9] "w su* z bucksk9 sew+ ) s9ew4 ,,salicaceae 7,,will[ ,,family7 ,%9+ ,will[ 7,salix lucida ,muhl471 8azisigobmc0 its "n4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is b>k = _! k9nik9nik or native smok+ mixture4 ,x is peel$ & toa/$ ov] a fire & r$uc$ to flakes4 ,,sphagnaceae 7,,sphagnum ,,moss ,,family7 ,sphagnum 7,sphagnum dus5ii ,c4 ,j5s471 8asagmg0 moss4 ,! ,flambeau & ,pillag] ,ojibwe f9d ,sphagnum ,moss1 %[n 9 plate #ff1 fig4 #a1 readily available4 ,!y ga!r & dry x to make mattresses4 ,,tiliaceae 7,,basswood ,,family7 ,basswood 7,tilia am]icana ,l471 8wigub0 its "n4 ,! t\gh fibr\s b>k ( "y basswood trees furni%es all ,ojibwe ) ready cordage & /r+ 9 ! woods1 b x is also prep>$ by ! wom5 = future use4 ,!y /rip ! b>k & peel ! out] edge f ! inn] fib] ) _! tee?4 ,! rolls are !n kept 9 coils or are boil$ & kept z coils until ne$$1 be+ soak$ aga9 :5 us$1 to make !m pliable4 ,:ile !y h c\ntless uses = ?is cordage p]haps ! mo/ important is 9 ty+ ! poles toge!r = ! framework ( ! wigwam or m$ic9e lodge1 z %[n 9 plate #df1 figure #b4 ,:5 ^! cross+s ( poles are la%$ toge!r ) wet b>k fib]1 x is easy to get a tight knot :i* %r9ks :5 dry & makes an ev5 tight] jo9t4 ,! b>k ( an elm or a balsam1 cut into broad /rips is !n sew$ into place on ! framework ) basswood /r+4 ,9 old5 times1 an oak wood awl 0 us$ to pun* holes 9 ! b>k1 b at ,lee* ,lake :5 !y made ! writ]'s wigwam1 z %[n 9 plate #eh1 figure #b1 !y us$ an old file end = an awl4 ,! writ] liv$ 9 ?is new wigwam all ! "t he 0 among ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe & sc>cely a night pass$ )\t a gr\p ( !m visit+ him & sitt+ ar\nd ! campfire1 tell+ old "t /ories4 ,,typhaceae 7,,cat-,,tail ,,family7 ,cat-tail 7,typha latifolia ,l471 8abkweskwe0 wigwam cov]2 t is1 ! plant leaves4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe wom5 use ! cat-tail leaves to make w9d & ra9-pro( mats to be plac$ on ! sides ( ! m$ic9e lodge or any tempor>y wigwam or sweat lodge4 ,!y sew ) a bone ne$le & nettle or basswood fib] ) a hidd5 /it*1 & b9d ! edges securely ) _! sew+ cord4 ,^! mats are made q l>ge to cov] ! wigwams1 & are roll$ & c>ri$ ar\nd ) !m4 ,!y are n q ra9-pro( z a ro(+ mat]ial1 s bir*b>k rolls are us$ = t purpose4 ,! fuzz or se$ ( ! cat-tail is call$ 8bebamasn0 x flies ar\nd1 & is us$ to make mattresses & sleep+ bags4 ,!y say ! fuzz w bl9d "o if x gets into 8 eyes4 ,!y ga!r ! heads & boil !m fir/1 :i* causes all ! bugs to come out ( !m4 ,!n !y dry !m & /rip ! fuzz1 to make a mattress1 :i* !y claim is z s(t z fea!rs1 b v prone to mat toge!r1 s t x mu/ be %ak5 (t5 & ?or\ghly4 ,!y also make a quilt ( x1 & f ! quilt a sleep+ bag4 ,?is is decl>$ to be s(t & w>m 9 ! colde/ wea!r4 ,,urticaceae 7,,nettle ,,family7 ,wood ,nettle 7,laportea canad5sis ,l4 ,gaud471 8masanatg0 woods fib]4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe say t _! old p us$ ! r9d ( ?is nettle z a sew+ fib]4 ,slipp]y ,elm 7,ulmus fulva ,mi*x471 8anib0 its "n4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe /rip ?is b>k to use z a wigwam cov]1 = ! sides ( ! wigwam4 ,lyall's ,nettle 7,urtica lyalli ,wats471 8masan0 woods4 ,9 aborig9al times1 ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe us$ ! b>k or r9d ( ?is nettle to give !m a f9e1 /\t sew+ fib]4 ,,ojibwe ,,vegetal ,,dyes ,"s ( ! old p among all ,ojibwe /ill use vegetable & native dye /uffs1 especially ^u a mat or piece ( mat]ial t !y expect to keep = _! own use4 ,= ! t\ri/ trade1 !y w use 8,diamond0 dyes or any sort !y c get z !y are n especially int]e/$ 9 h[ well ! color la/s 9 t case4 ,john ,:itefea!r1 ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 ask$ ! writ] to f9d a good dye = !m1 z he _h be5 unable to buy any s9ce #aiad4 ,sev]al lots 7 s5t to him1 b none 0 f\nd t _h ! p5etration & p]man5ce ( ! ,g]man dyes t he _h be=e ! w>4 ,he _h to resort to native dye /uffs to get ^? qualities1 b1 ( c\rse1 c\ld n get ! same range ( colors 9 native dye /uffs4 ,t 0 ! ma9 reason he s\ght m ( ! :ite man's dyes4 ,!y boil ! mat]ial !y wi% to color 9 ! mixture ( plant p>ts & "s e>? to set ! color4 ,= ?is !y use v>i\s clays1 ! r$ or black s& t bubbles up 9 a spr+1 or /one du/1 p]haps ) a few1 ru/y1 iron nails ?r[n 9 ! kettle = good measure4 ,sometimes ! b>k ( ,black ,oak 7,qu]cus velut9a ,lam47 0 us$ to set ! color4 ,,ojibwe ,,dye ,,plants ,,anac>diaceae 7,,sumac ,,family7 ,smoo? ,sumac 7,rhus glabra ,l471 8bakwanak0 b9d+ tree4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! inn] b>k & ! c5tral pi? ( ! /em ( ! ,smoo? ,sumac1 mix$ ) ,bloodroot to obta9 an orange color4 ,! mat]ial is boil$ 9 ! mixture4 ,/aghorn ,sumac 7,rhus typh9a ,l471 8bakwanatg04 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe d n h ! ,smoo? ,sumac1 b use ! ,/aghorn ,sumac 9 ! same way z ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! o!r4 ,! writ] 0 unable to discov] h[ !y set ! color unless x 0 ) "s /one du/ t accumulat$ 9 ! base ( ! kettle4 ,,balsam9aceae 7,,t\*-,,me-,,n ,,family7 ,spott$ ,t\*-me-n 7,impati5s biflora ,walt471 8osawaskodjibk0 yell[ root4 ,! :ole plant is us$ by ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe to make a yell[ dye & ! mat]ial is boil$ 9 ! mixture ) a few ru/y nails4 ,,betulaceae 7,,bir* ,,family7 ,speckl$ ,ald] 7,alnus incana ,l4 ,mo5*471 8wadob0 its "n4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! inn] b>k = dye+ a light yell[1 or ) o!r +r$i5ts to get a r$1 r$ br[n or black4 ,9 occasional cases :]e sweet grass is dy$ r$di% yell[1 ! woman *ews ! inn] b>k & draws a wisp ( sweet grass ?r\gh h] m\? weav+ x 9 = color4 ,pap] ,bir* 7,betula alba ,l4 v>4 papyrif]a ,m>%4 ,spa*71 8wgwas0 bir*4 ,! inn]mo/ b>k ( ! ,:ite ,bir* is boil$ to extract a r$di% dye by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,hazelnut 7,corylus am]icana ,walt471 8mkwobaganak04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe make use ( ! se$ hulls ( ! ,hazelnut 9 sett+ ! black color ( butt]nut dye4 ,!y are boil$ toge!r & ! tannic acid ( ! hull sets ! color4 ,,fagaceae 7,,bee* ,,family7 ,bur ,oak 7,qu]cus macroc>pa ,mi*x471 8mtgomc04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is b>k 9 comb9ation ) o!r mat]ials to set color4 ,black ,oak 7,qu]cus velut9a ,lam471 8mtgomic04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is b>k = a r$di% yell[ dye & x sets its own color4 ,,jugl&aceae 7,,walnut ,,family7 ,butt]nut 7,juglans c9]ea ,l471 8baganag04 ,! ,flambeau & ,pillag] ,ojibwe f9d ?is "o ( _! be/ br[n dyes1 because !y c get x f ! tree at any "t ( ! ye>4 ,x is usually us$ 9 o!r comb9ations = br[n & black colors4 ,,myricaceae 7,,bayb]ry ,,family7 ,sweet ,gale 7,myrica gale ,l471 8wasawasnimke0 yell[ catk9s4 ,9 ! fall ( ! ye>1 ! tips ( ! bran*es gr[ into an abortive scale or gall-l /ructure t is pluck$ & boil$ to yield a br[n dye /uff4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe seem to be ! only ,ojibwe t "k ?is4 ,,papav]aceae 7,,poppy ,,family7 ,bloodroot 7,sangu9>ia canad5sis ,l471 8meskwadjibkk0 r$ root4 ,! ,ojibwe use ?is root 9 f\r or five comb9ations 9 dye+ v>i\s mat]ials4 ,x is n necess>y to mix x ) o!r mat]ials to set ! color & alone x gives a d>k yell[ or orange color4 ,!y use x to pa9t ! face1 also1 mak+ diff]5t clan m>ks ) x4 ,ei!r ! fre% root or dri$ root may be us$4 ,,p9aceae 7,,p9e ,,family7 ,hemlock 7,tsuga canad5sis ,l4 ,c>r471 8gagagiwc04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! b>k toge!r ) a little rock du/ to set ! color1 to dye mat]ials a d>k r$ br[n4 ,,ranunculaceae 7,,cr[foot ,,family7 ,gold?read 7,coptis trifolia ,l4 ,salisb471 8wesawadjibkweak0 yell[ root81 %[n 9 plate #ge1 fig4 #a4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe add ! gold5-color$ roots to o!r plant dyes to emphasize ! yell[ color4 ,bri/ly ,cr[foot 7,ranunculus p5nsylvanicus ,l4 f471 8manwegons04 ,! entire plant is boil$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe to yield a r$ color+ dye4 ,bur ,oak is add$ to set ! color4 ,,rosaceae 7,,rose ,,family7 ,wild ,plum 7,prunus nigra ,ait471 8bgesanatg04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! inn] b>k z an a/r+5t color fixative 9 dye+ ) o!r plant dyes4 ,,miscellane\s ,,uses ,,( ,,plants ,john ,:itefea!r1 ( ! ,c\d]ay ,ojibwe1 9 expla9+ ! f\r degrees ( ! m$ic9e lodge1 told ! writ] ab\t ! _m uses ( *>ms or bewit*+ plants t ! initiate le>n$ 9 ! f\r? degree4 ,! ,mde :o p]fect$ himself 9 ! f\r? degree 0 call$ a juggl] or 8,jessakd04 ,he is suppos$ to h sup]natural p[]s ( magic1 & c read ! ?\ghts ( o!rs1 z well z call =? ! gho/s or spirits ( ! o!r _w4 ,he c give ,indians *>ms or lures :i* w aid !m to d almo/ any?+ !y h 9 m9d1 & he is mo/ fe>$ & respect$ among ! ,ojibwe4 ,^! *>ms are suppos$ to "w )\t physical contact & are ?us diff]5t f m$ic9es4 ,!y are address$ & pray$ ov]1 (t5 ) c]emonial tobacco (f]$ to ! f\r po9ts ( ! compass1 to heav5 & ! e>?4 ,!y are usually ref]r$ to z m$ic9e1 & are c>ri$ 9 little bucksk9 packages ab\t ! p]son ( ! own]4 ,mu* ( ! cont5ts ( ! w> bundle1 hunt+ bundle or m$ic9e bundle1 is compos$ ( su* *>ms4 ,!y gu>antee a safe j\rney1 ! w9n+ ( a lacrosse or b[l & dice game1 & ! ability to f9d p]sons lo/ 9 ! woods or lo/ articles4 ,!y c bewit* a man's wife1 w9 ! love ( ! opposite sex1 "w evil1 & attract game to be %ot1 or small animals to "o's traps4 ,!re is no d\bt t m$ic9es 7 (t5 appli$ ) z mu* fai? 9 _! p[] to *>m z belief 9 ! m$ic9al value ( ! m$ic9e root = t specific disease4 ,! connection betwe5 actual & sup]/iti\s rem$ies 0 (t5times close4 ,al?\gh a juggl] or wit* doctor _h ! p[] to ca/ ^! spells or *>ms1 he 0 also suppos$ to h ! p[] to dispel !m & cure !m4 ,john ,:itefea!r call$ att5tion to ! frequ5t wry m\? or twi/$ side ( an ,indian's face1 & said t x _h be5 caus$ by "s wit* doctor1 b t x c\ld be correct$ by ! victim1 if he w\ld pay ! m$ic9e man m to heal x ?an ! "o _h paid = br++ on ! affliction 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,_m ( _! p ?9k ?is unju/ & ! m$ic9e man :o does x may h to leave ! village & flee = 8 life4 ,?is actually happ5$ 9 ! case ( ,anawabi & ! boy :o di$ ( pneumonia1 ! p>5ts claim+ t ,anawabi took 8 brea? away4 ,( c\rse1 ,anawabi 0 n )9 miles ( ! boy & assur$ ! writ] t he _h no?+ at all to d ) t case1 nor _h ev5 ?\ght ab\t x1 b he made a hurri$ trip to ,oklahoma & rema9$ a c\ple ( ye>s until ! ang] ( ! p>5ts _h less5$4 ,"s plants _h be5 us$ 9 v>i\s tann+ processes a v long "t ago by ! ,ojibwe1 b none "k any?+ ab\t x n[1 s f> z ! writ] c\ld discov]4 ,,apocynaceae 7,,dogbane ,,family7 ,spread+ ,dogbane 7,apocynum &rosaemifolium ,l471 8magosiecnakwk0 ne$le l4#adg ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe say t ?is is "o ( ! roots ! use ( :i* is taught 9 ! f\r? degree ( ! m$ic9e lodge1 & t x is n only eat5 dur+ ! m$ic9e lodge c]emony1 b is also *ew$ to keep ! o!r wit* doctors f affect+ "o ) an evil *>m4 ,,araceae 7,,arum ,,family7 ,sweet ,flag 7,acorus calamus ,l471 8nabgck0 some?+ flat4 ,! root tea ( ?is is us$ by ,big ,george1 ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 on 8 gill net to br+ him a f9e cat* ( :ite fi%4 ,! net /ill smell$ ( ! ,calamus root aft] be+ 9 ! wat] m ?an twelve h\rs1 & he caught #aba :ite fi% 9 "o pull ( ! net 9 ,flambeau ,lake4 ,x is comb9$ ) ! root ( ,s>sap>illa4 ,,araliaceae 7,,g9s5g ,,family7 ,wild ,s>sap>illa 7,aralia nudicaulis ,l471 8bebamabik0 root runs f> ?r\gh ! gr\nd4 ,?is root is mix$ ) ,sweet ,flag root to make a tea to soak a gill net be=e sett+ x to cat* fi% dur+ ! night4 ,big ,george ,skye1 at ,lac du ,flambeau1 0 q successful 9 cat*+ !m4 ,,asclepiadaceae 7,,milkwe$ ,,family7 ,common ,milkwe$ 7,asclepias syriaca ,l471 8nniwnj0 ,indian plant4#adh ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! milk ( ! ,common ,milkwe$ along ) ! milk ( ,canada ,hawkwe$ to put on a de] call1 ?9k+ t x w bett] imitate ! call ( a fawn t is hungry or 9 di/ress4 ,,compositae 7,,composite ,,family7 ,blue ,wood ,a/] 7,a/] cordifolius ,l471 8naskosics04 ,a numb] ( ! composites z well z plants f o!r families are us$ 9 ! ,ojibwe hunt+ *>ms4 ,! de] c>ries its sc5t or spoor 9 betwe5 its toes1 & :]ev] ! foot is impress$ into ! gr\nd1 o!r animals c detect its pres5ce4 ,x is ?us dogs track !m4 ,x is a peculi> sc5t & ! ,ojibwe tries successfully to c\nt]feit x ) roots & h]bs4 ,! root ( ?is a/] is b "o ( n9ete5 t c be us$ to make a smoke or inc5se :5 smok$ 9 a pipe1 :i* attracts ! de] ne> en\gh to %oot x ) a b[ & arr[4 ,!y say t ! :ite man drives ! de] away :5 he smokes cig>ettes or cig>s1 b ! ,indians br+ !m clos]4 ,l>ge-leav$ ,a/] 7,a/] macrophyllus ,l471 8naskosics04 ,?is is "o ( ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe hunt+ *>ms4 ,x is smok$ to attract de]4 ,horse-we$ 7,erig]on canad5sis ,l471 8wabgwn0 :ite fl[]4 ,?is is "o ( ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe hunt+ *>ms4 ,! disk florets are smok$4 ,philadelphia ,fleabane 7,erig]on philadelphicus ,l471 8mcaogacan0 odor ( split ho( ( female de]4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ! disk florets ( ?is plant to smoke to attract ! buck de]4 ,!y say t c[s & de] eat ! blossoms4 ,canada ,hawkwe$ 7,hi]acium canad5se ,mi*x47 ,"u ! "n 8wabgwn0 :ite fl[]1 "s ( ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! fl[]s to make a hunt+ lure1 & mix x ) _! o!r hunt+ *>ms4 ,o!rs call x 8mmsknakk0 & say t !y cut (f ! roots & nibble at !m :5 hunt+4 ,! roots are milky l ! /em & ! hunt] want+ a doe w pret5d he is a fawn try+ to suckle & ?us attract a doe close en\gh to %oot ) b[ & arr[4 ,tall ,blue ,lettuce 7,lactuca spicata ,lam4 ,hit*c471 8dodocabo0 milk4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ?is plant 9 ! same mann] z !y d ! ,canada ,hawkwe$ to attract a doe to !m = a close %ot4 ,fragrant ,gold5-rod 7,solidago gram9ifolia ,l4 ,salisb471 8wasawaskwnek0 yell[ light4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! fl[]s ( ?is gold5-rod to add to _! hunt+ m$ic9e1 :i* is smok$ to simulate ! odor ( a de]'s ho(4 ,tansy 7,tanacetum vulg>e ,l471 8mckkiwt0 m$ic9e plant4 ,! yell[ fl[]s are us$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe z an addition to _! odor\s hunt+ mixture :i* !y smoke to attract de]4 ,,cornaceae 7,,dogwood ,,family7 ,alt]nate-leav$ ,dogwood 7,cornus alt]nifolia ,l4 f471 8mosomc0 moose tree4 ,! root is boil$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe to wa% a muskrat trap & make x lure ! muskrat4 ,,ericaceae 7,,hea? ,,family7 ,%9 ,leaf 7,pyrola am]icana ,sweet471 8bnebg0 p>tridge leaf4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe hunt] makes a tea f dri$ leaves ( ?is plant & dr9ks x z a good luck potion 9 ! morn+ be=e he />ts to hunt4 ,,iridaceae 7,,iris ,,family7 ,blue ,flag 7,iris v]sicolor ,l47 8wik04#adi ,bo? ,flambeau & ,pillag] ,ojibwe use ?is z a *>m aga9/ snakes & claim t ,indians all ov] ! c\ntry use x ! same way4 ,:5 ! ,ojibwe g out blueb]ry+ all day1 e "o c>ries a piece ( x 9 8 clo!s & w h&le x e little :ile to p]petuate ! sc5t4 ,!y believe t snakes w %un !m :ile s protect$4 ,!y say t ! ,arizona ,indians use x :5 !y hold _! snake dances & are nev] /ruck z long z _! clo!s are fumigat$ ) x4 ,!y also *ew x to get ! odor into _! m\?s1 prep>atory to tak+ rattlesnakes into _! tee?4 ,! rattlesnake nev] (f]s to bite !m s long z ! sc5t ( ! ,blue ,flag p]si/s4 ,,labiatae 7,,m9t ,,family7 ,heal-all 7,prunella vulg>is ,l471 8basibgk04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root ( ?is plant to make a tea to dr9k be=e go+ hunt+4 ,x is suppos$ to %>p5 _! p[]s ( obs]vation4 ,,liliaceae 7,,lily ,,family7 ,nor!rn ,cl9tonia 7,cl9tonia borealis ,ait4 ,raf471 8adotagans0 little bell4#aej ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe claim t dogs *ew ! roots ( ?is plant to poison _! tee?1 & if !y !n bite an animal x w die4 ,a man may protect himself f su* a bite by us+ ! same root z a p\ltice on ! w\nd4 ,sessile-leav$ ,bellwort 7,oakesia sessilifolia ,l4 ,wats471 8neweakwisnk0 "o sid$4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root ( ?is plant z a "p ( _! mcaogacan hunt+ m$ic9e to br+ a buck de] ne> ! hunt]4 ,,or*idaceae 7,,or*is ,,family7 ,re9 ,or*is 7,hab5>ia bracteata ,willd4 ,r4 ,br471 8gokocgnda mneskwemn0 pig does1 r$ root4 ,?is plant is a sort ( love *>m among ! ,pillag] ,ojibwe (t5 put to bad use4 ,sl5d] ,ladies' ,tresses 7,spiran!s gracilis ,bigel4 ,beck71 8bnebg0 p>tridge leaf4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe use ! root z an +r$i5t ( _! hunt+ *>m to br+ game to !m4 ,,plantag9aceae 7,,planta9 ,,family7 ,common ,planta9 7,plantago major ,l471 8cecagski bgesnk0 leaves gr[ up & also lie flat on ! gr\nd4#aea ,! highly color$ base & root ( ?is plant appeal to ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe :o always c>ry "s ( ! gr\nd root 9 _! pockets to w>d (f snakes4 ,,polygonaceae 7,,buck:eat ,,family7 ,swamp ,p]sic>ia 7,polygonum muhl5b]gii ,meisn4 ,wats47 8agogosimnn04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe dry ! fl[] ( ?is plant & !n include x 9 _! hunt+ m$ic9e1 :i* is smok$ to attract de] to ! hunt]4 ,curl$ ,dock 7,rumex crispus ,l471 8ciobg04 ,! dri$ se$s ( ?is dock are smok$ :5 dri$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 z a favorable lure to game :5 mix$ ) k9nik9nik4 ,,primulaceae 7,,primrose ,,family7 ,/>fl[] 7,tri5talis am]icana ,p]s4 ,pur%471 8nawobgk0 f\r-leav$ clov]4 ,! root ( ?is is mix$ ) _m o!rs to make ! smok+ sc5t t attracts ! de] to ! hunt]1 accord+ to ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe4 ,,ranunculaceae 7,,cr[foot ,,family7 ,bri/ly ,cr[foot 7,ranunculus p5nsylvanicus ,l4 f471 8manwe gons04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe smoke ! se$s ( ?is 9 _! hunt+ m$ic9e to lure ! buck de] ne> en\gh = a %ot ) b[ & arr[4 ,,rosaceae 7,,rose ,,family7 ,haw?orn 7,crataegus ,sp471 8mnesagawnj01 %[n 9 plate #gg1 fig4 #b4 ,! b>k ( ! ,haw?orn 0 us$ by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe 9 mak+ up _! de] sc5t = smok+ to attract de] :ile hunt+4 ,,scrophul>iaceae 7,,figwort ,,family7 ,wood ,betony 7,p$icul>is canad5sis ,l471 8m&amnodjibkns0 little corn root4 ,?is is a sort ( love *>m accord+ to ,john ,pep]1 ,pillag] ,ojibwe1 :o said t ! root 0 *opp$ up & put into "s di% ( food t 0 cook+1 )\t ! k ( ! p :o 7 go+ to eat x1 & if !y _h be5 qu>relsome1 !n !y became lov]s aga94 ,h[ev]1 he said x 0 too (t5 put to bad uses4 ,,typhaceae 7,,cat-,,tail ,,family7 ,cat-tail 7,typha latifolia ,l47 8bebamasn0 x flies ar\nd4 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe us$ to ?r[ ! fuzz ( ! fruit into ! eyes ( _! enemies1 ! ,si\x1 claim+ t x bl9d$ !m4 ,,umbellif]ae 7,,p>sley ,,family7 ,musqua% ,root 7,cicuta maculata ,l471 8abagwasgans04 ,! root ( ?is is us$ 9 mak+ a hunt+ m$ic9e to be smok$ to attract ! buck de] ne> en\gh to %oot ) b[ & arr[4 ,c[ ,p>snip 7,h]acleum lanatum ,mi*x47 8pipigwewanck0 flute re$4 ,accord+ to ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe1 !re is a bad _s 8soknau01 :o is always pres5t try+ to /eal away "o's luck 9 hunt+ game4 ,he mu/ be driv5 away f ! camp ( ! hunt] by smudg+ a fire ) ! roots ( ! ,c[ ,p>snip4 ,?is gets into ,soknau's eyes & he _c see ! hunt] leave ! camp1 s naturally does n foll[ & bo!r him4 ,o!r ,flambeau ,ojibwe call x 8acaweskk0 b use x 9 ! same way4 ,! ,pillag] ,ojibwe h ! same "n = ! plant1 b put ! se$ ( ! plant on a fire to drive away ,soknau4 ,!y boil ! root to spr9kle _! fi%+ nets & lure fi%4 ,wat] ,p>snip 7,sium cicutaefolium ,s*rank471 8wanemgons04 ,! se$ ( ?is is smok$ ov] a fire by ! ,flambeau ,ojibwe to drive away & bl9d ,soknau1 ! evil _s t /eals away "o's hunt+ luck4 ,yell[ ,pimp]nel 7,ta5idia integ]rima ,l4 ,drude71 8manwegons0 or 8manwekos04 ,! ,flambeau ,ojibwe decl>e t ! se$s ( ?is plant are v good = smok+ 9 a pipe :5 "o goes hunt+ = !y w br+ him luck4 ,,conclusion ,! ,ojibwe w always be int]e/+1 because !y pref] to live 9 ! backwoods1 & because !y cl+ s closely to _! traditions4 ,a fur!r reason is t !y are m num]\s ?an any o!r ,wiscons9 tribe4 ,!y are good fri5ds ( ! :ite p & f9d x h>d to keep to a /rictly comm]cial basis1 :5 hir$ z guides = fi%+ & hunt+4 ,_m ,milwaukee sportsm5 h mu* appreciat$ fri5ds among ! ,ojibwe1 :o h ev] be5 /rict & upright 9 _! deal+s ) !m4 ,!re rema9s a consid]able am\nt ( folk lore or e?nology to be /udi$ & record$1 & s9ce x is easy to f9d well educat$ m5 & wom5 among !m1 :o /ill recall ! traditions & /ories ( _! e>ly life1 x %\ld prove a f]tile field ( inve/igation = "s /ud5t4 ,! writ] is satisfi$ t he has only t\*$ ! surface 9 _! e?nobotanical uses1 kn[+ t ?ree or f\r mon?s are really too %ort a "t to get ?is lore f !m4 ,b he wi%es to close by say+ t ! ,ojibwe are "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ p he has ev] met4 ,,footnotes3 #he ,walt] ,j4 ,h(fman4 8,! ,midewiw9 or #8,gr& ,m$ic9e ,society' ( ! ,ojibwa40 ,9 ! #g? ,annual ,report ( ,bur4 ( ,e?nol4 #ahia1 pp4 #adc-bii4 #hf ,miss ,frances ,d5smore4 8,use ( ,plants by ! ,*ippewa ,indians40 ,9 #dd? ,ann4 ,rept4 ,bur4 ,am4 ,e?nol41 #aibh1 pp4 #bge-cig4 #hg ,field "w is complet$ ^u ! e?nobotany ( ! ,=e/ ,pottawatomi1 ,w9nebago & ,oneida ,indians1 & bullet9s w appe> ^u _! e?nobotany at a future date4 ,all w foll[ ! same g5]al plan4 #hh ,,ojibwe ,,syllab>y ba be bi bo ka ke ki ko sa se si s wa we wi we %a %e %i %o ya ye yi yo na ne ni no a e i o ma me mi mo da de di d ta te ti to ga ge gi g tta tte tti tto ,! lett]s all h ! ,engli% value except tta & ga1 :i* are pron\nc$ *a & kwa4 ,a1 e1 i1 & o :5 pron\nc$ alone become ha1 he1 hi1 ho4 ,extra *>act]s are ,ji1 pron\nc$ zhi1 & di1 pron\nc$ dzhi4 #hi 8,! ,indian tribes ( ! ,upp] ,mississippi ,valley & region ( ! ,great ,lakes0 ,by ,nicolas ,p]rot1 translat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,blair1 #aiaa1 ,vol4 #a1 p4 #aji4 #ij 8,! la/ ,indian upris+ 9 ! ,u4,s40 ,l\is ,h4 ,roddis1 ,m9n4 ,hi/4 ,bull4 ,vol4 #c1 ,no4 #e1 pp4 #bgc-bij4 #ia 8,sket*es ( a t\r ( ! ,lakes1 ( ! "* & cu/oms ( ! ,*ippeway ,indians1 & ( ! incid5ts connect$ ) ! treaty ( ,fond du ,lac10 ,?os4 ,l4 ,mc,kenney1 7,balto4 #ahbg74 #ib ,pres5t ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ca1 fig4 #c #ic ,pres5t ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ca1 fig4 #d #id ,pres5t ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ce1 fig4 #d4 #ie ,pres5t ,s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ae1 fig4 #d #if ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #de1 fig4 #a4 #ig ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bf1 fig4 #b4 #ih ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bh1 fig4 #b4 #ii ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #af1 fig4 #c4 #ajj ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ag1 fig4 #a4 #aja ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ag1 fig4 #b4 #ajb ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #af1 fig4 #a4 #ajc ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ca1 fig4 #a4 #ajd ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ah1 fig4 #a4 #aje ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #aa1 fig4 #a4 #ajf ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bj1 fig4 #a4 #ajg ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ai1 fig4 #b4 #ajh ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #cc1 fig4 #a4 #aji ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #dj1 fig4 #b4 #aaj ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bj1 fig4 #c4 #aaa ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ai1 fig4 #c4 #aab ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ai1 fig4 #d4 #aac ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ad1 fig4 #c4 #aad ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ac1 fig4 #a4 #aae ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #cb1 fig4 #c4 #aaf ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ad1 fig4 #b4 #aag ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #h1 fig4 #c4 #aah ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ca1 fig4 #b4 #aai ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #cj1 fig4 #b4 #abj ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #cc1 fig4 #b4 #aba ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bc1 fig4 #c4 #abb ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #h1 fig4 #a4 #abc ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #cg1 fig4 #c4 #abd ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #be1 fig4 #d4 #abe ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bc1 fig4 #b4 #abf ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bd1 fig4 #a1 & pl4 #cg1 fig4 #a4 #abg ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #g1 fig4 #a4 #abh ,indian ,notes & ,monographs1 ,museum ( ! ,am]ican ,indian1 ,heye ,f\ndation1 ,misc4 ,publ4 #bj1 pp4 #afd-afe1 #aiba4 #abi ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 plate #ca1 fig4 #c4 #acj ,lyons1 ,a4 ,n4--,plant ,names1 ,sci5tific & ,popul>1 #aijg1 ,detroit1 p4 #djh1 ,art4 #aijf4 #aca ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #i1 fig4 #d4 #acb ,pres5t s]ies4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #de1 fig4 #a4 #acc ,pres5t s]ies4 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bf1 fig4 #b4 #acd ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #af1 fig4 #c4 #ace ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ag1 fig4 #a4 #acf ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #cd1 fig4 #c4 #acg ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #aa1 fig4 #a4 #ach ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bi1 fig4 #a4 #aci ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #cc1 fig4 #a4 #adj ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bj1 fig4 #c4 #ada ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #dj1 fig4 #c1 & pl4 #da1 fig4 #b4 #adb ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #be1 fig4 #d4 #adc ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #cb1 fig4 #b4 #add ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #g1 fig4 #b4 #ade ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #af1 fig4 #c4 #adf #aibc ,ye>book1 fig4 #ag4 #adg ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ce1 fig4 #d4 #adh ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #bf1 fig4 #b4 #adi ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #dj1 fig4 #b4 #aej ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ad1 fig4 #c4 #aea ,pres5t s]ies1 ,vol4 ,,iv1 pl4 #ca1 fig4 #b4 ,,f9d+ ,,li/ ,,( ,,plants ,,by ,,sci5tific ,,"n ,abies balsamea #cgh1 #dbj ,,ac]aceae #cec1 #cid1 #dab ,ac] negundo #cec1 #cid ,ac] rubrum #cec1 #dab ,ac] spicatum #cec1 #dac ,ac] sac*>um #cid1 #dac ,a*illea lanulosa #cfb1 #dag ,a*illea millefolium #cfb ,acorus calamus #cee1 #dbh ,actaea rubra #chb ,agrimonia gryposepala #chc ,,alismaceae #cec1 #cif ,allium c]nuum #djf ,allium tricoccum #djf ,alnus incana #ceh1 #dbe ,amelan*i] laevis #chd1 #djh ,amphic>pa pit*]i #dje ,,anac>diaceae #ced1 #cig1 #dbd ,anaphalis m>g>itacea #cfb ,&rom$a glaucophylla #cfh1 #djj ,anemone canad5sis #chb ,anemone cyl9drica #chc ,ant5n>ia neodioica #cfc ,an?oxan?um odoratum #dai ,,apocynaceae #ced1 #dac1 #dbh ,apocynum &rosaemifolium #ced1 #cgd1 #dac1 #dbh ,aquilegia canad5sis #chc ,,aquifoliaceae #cee ,arabis glabra #cfg ,,araceae #cee1 #dbh ,,araliaceae #cef1 #dbh ,aralia nudicaulis #cef1 #dbh ,aralia racemosa #cef ,arctium m9us #cfc ,arisaema triphyllum #cef ,,ari/olo*iaceae #ceg1 #cig ,artemisia ludoviciana #cfc1 #dag ,as>um canad5se acum9atum #ceg1 #cig ,,asclepiadaceae #ceg1 #cig1 #dbh ,asclepias syriaca #ceg1 #cig1 #dbh ,aspidium cri/atum #cha ,aspl5ium filix-fem9a #cha ,a/] cordifolius #dbh ,a/] macrophyllus #cfc1 #cih1 #dbi ,,balsam9aceae #ceg1 #dbe ,,b]b]idaceae #ceh ,betula alba papyrif]a #ceh1 #dac1 #dbe ,,betulaceae #ceh1 #cig1 #dac1 #dbe ,betula lutea #cig ,betula pumila gl&ulif]a #cei1 #dag ,,borag9aceae #cei ,botry*ium virg9ianum #cgg ,cal?a palu/ris #djh ,calvatia cranii=mis #cgj ,campanula ap>9oides #cfj ,,campanulaceae #cfj ,campanula rotundifolia #cfj ,,caprifoliaceae #cfj1 #cih1 #dag ,c>ya ovata #dje1 #dai ,,c>yophyllaceae #cfa ,ca/alia odorata #cgf1 #djg ,caulophyllum ?alictroides #ceh ,,cela/raceae #cfb1 #cih ,cela/rus sc&5s #cfb1 #cih ,*ama$aphne calyculata #djj ,*imaphila umbellata #cfh ,*rysan!mum leucan!mum #cfc ,cicuta maculata #cij1 #dcb ,cimicifuga racemosa #chb ,cirsium arv5se #cfd ,cirsium lanceolatum #cfd ,cladonia rangif]9a #cgc ,cl9tonia borealis #cgc1 #dcj ,,compositae #cfb1 #cih1 #dag1 #dbh ,coptis trifolia #chc1 #dbf ,,cornaceae #cff1 #cii1 #dag1 #dbi ,cornus alt]nifolia #cff1 #dag1 #dbi ,cornus canad5sis #cff ,cornus paniculata #cfg1 #cii1 #dah ,corydalis aurea #cgj ,corylus am]icana #cei1 #cig1 #dag1 #dbe ,corylus ro/rata #cei1 #cih ,crataegus sp #chd1 #dji1 #dbb1 #dca ,,crucif]ae #cfg1 #cii ,cucumis sativa #cii ,,cucurbitaceae #cfg1 #cii ,cucurbita maxima #cfg1 #cii ,cucurbita pepo #djj ,cynoglossum boreale #cei ,,cyp]aceae #cfh1 #dah ,cyprip$ium p>viflorum #cgg ,d5t>ia maxima #cii ,di]villa lonic]a #cfj1 #cge1 #cgg ,dirca palu/ris #cij ,e*9ocy/is lobata #cfg ,epilobium angu/ifolium #cgf ,,equisetaceae #cfh1 #djj1 #dah ,equisetum arv5se #cfh1 #djj ,equisetum hyemale #cfh1 #dah ,,ericaceae #cfh1 #djj1 #dcj ,erig]on canad5sis #dbi ,erig]on philadelphicus #cfd1 #cih1 #dbi ,erig]on ramosus #cfd ,eriophorum callitrix #cfh ,eupatorium purpureum #cfd ,,euphorbiaceae #cfi ,euphorbia corollata #cfi ,,fagaceae #cfi1 #dja1 #dah1 #dbe ,fagus gr&ifolia #dja ,fomes applanatus #cgj ,frag>ia virg9iana #chd1 #dji ,frax9us nigra #dbj ,frax9us p5nsylvanica #cgf1 #djg1 #dbj ,,fum>iaceae #cgj ,,fungi #cgj1 #djb ,galium ap>9e #chf ,galium t9ctorium #chf ,galium trifidum #chg ,gaul!ria procumb5s #cfi1 #djj ,,g]aniaceae #cgj ,g]anium maculatum #cgj ,geum macrophyllum #chd ,glyc]ia canad5sis #cga ,,gram9ae #cga1 #djb1 #dai ,hab5>ia bracteata #cgg1 #dca ,h]acleum lanatum #cij1 #dcb ,hi]acium canad5se #dbi ,humulus lupulus #cia1 #daa ,,hydrophyllaceae #cga1 #dje1 #dai ,hydrophyllum virg9ianum #cga1 #dje1 #dai ,ilex v]ticillata #cee ,impati5s biflora #ceg1 #dbe ,,iridaceae #cga1 #dcj ,iris v]sicolor #cga1 #dcj ,,jugl&aceae #dje1 #dai1 #dbe ,juglans c9]ea #dje1 #dbe ,,juncaceae #dai ,juncus dudleyi #dai ,,labiatae #cga1 #dje1 #dcj ,lactuca spicata #cfd1 #dbi ,lag5>ia vulg>is #djj ,laportea canad5sis #cia1 #dbc ,l>ix l>ic9a #cgh1 #dba ,la?yrus o*roleucus #cga1 #djf1 #dai ,la?yrus palu/ris #cgc1 #dai ,l$um gro5l&icum #dja ,,legum9osae #cga1 #dje1 #dai ,,li*5s #cgc1 #djf ,,liliaceae #cgc1 #dcj ,l9>ia vulg>is #chi ,ly*nis alba #cfa ,,lycopodiaceae #cge ,lycopodium complanatum #cge ,lycopodium obscurum d5droideum #cge ,lysima*ia ?yrsiflora #chb ,maian!mum canad5se #cgc ,melampyrum l9e>e #chi ,melilotus alba #cgc ,,m5isp]maceae #cge ,m5isp]mum canad5se #cge ,m5?a arv5sis canad5sis #cga1 #dje ,micro/ylis unifolia #cgg ,mon>da fi/ulosa #cga ,myrica aspl5ifolia #cge1 #dbj ,,myricaceae #cge1 #dbj1 #dbe ,myrica gale #dbe ,nelumbo lutea #djg ,nemopan?us mucronata #cee ,nepeta cat>ia #cga1 #dje ,nymphaea adv5a #cgf ,,nymphaeaceae #cgf1 #djg ,,nyctag9aceae #cge ,oakesia sessilifolia #dcj ,o5o!ra bi5nis #cgf ,,oleaceae #cgf1 #dbj ,,onagraceae #cgf ,onoclea s5sibilis #chb ,,ophioglossaceae #cgg ,,or*idaceae #cgg1 #dca ,osmorhiza claytoni #cia ,osmorhiza longi/ylis #cia ,oxybaphus nyctag9eus #cge ,panax qu9quefolium #cef ,,papav]aceae #cgg1 #dbf ,pa/9aca sativa #cia ,p$icul>is canad5sis #chi1 #dcb ,phaseolus lunatus macroc>pa #djf ,phaseolus vulg>is #djf ,picea canad5sis #cgi ,picea m>iana #cgi1 #dba ,,p9aceae #cgh1 #djg1 #dbj1 #dbf ,p9us banksiana #cgi1 #dba ,p9us res9osa #cgi1 #dba ,p9us /robus #cgi1 #djg1 #dba ,,plantag9aceae #chj1 #dca ,plantago major #chj1 #dca ,,polygonaceae #cha1 #dca ,polygonatum biflorum #cgd ,polygonum c>eyi #cha ,polygonum muhl5b]gii #cha1 #dca ,,polypodiaceae #cha1 #djh ,populus balsamif]a #ceb1 #chg ,populus gr&id5tata #ceb1 #chg1 #daj ,populus tremuloides #chh ,pot5tilla monspeli5sis #chd ,pot5tilla palu/ris #chd ,pr5an?us alba #cfe ,,primulaceae #chb1 #dca ,prunella vulg>is #cga1 #dcj ,prunus nigra #dji1 #dbf ,prunus p5nsylvanica #che1 #dji ,prunus pumila #dji ,prunus s]ot9a #che1 #dji ,prunus virg9iana #che1 #dji ,ps$]a qu9quefolia #daa ,pt]is aquil9a #chb1 #djh ,pyrola am]icana #dcj ,qu]cus alba #dja1 #dah ,qu]cus macroc>pa #cfi1 #djb1 #dbe ,qu]cus rubra #cfi1 #djb ,qu]cus velut9a #djb1 #dbd1 #dbe ,radicula palu/ris #cfg ,,ranunculaceae #chb1 #djh1 #dbf1 #dca ,ranunculus p5nsylvanicus #chc1 #dbf1 #dca ,ranunculus scel]atus #chc ,rhus glabra #ced1 #cig1 #dbd ,rhus toxicod5dron #ced ,rhus typh9a #ced1 #cig1 #dbd ,ribes am]icanum #daj ,ribes cynosbati #daj ,ribes oxyacan?oides #daj ,ribes tri/e #chi1 #daj ,rosa bl&a #che ,,rosaceae #djh1 #dbb1 #dbf1 #dca ,,rubiaceae #chf ,rubus allegh5i5sis #che1 #dji ,rubus idaeus aculeatissimus #chf1 #daj ,rubus villosus #dji ,rudbeckia hirta #cfe ,rumex crispus #cha1 #dca ,,rutaceae #chg ,sagitt>ia arifolia #cec1 #cif ,,salicaceae #chg1 #daj1 #dbb ,salix fragilis #chh ,salix lucida #chh1 #dbb ,salix p$icell>is #chh ,sambucus racemosus #cfj ,sangu9>ia canad5sis #cgg1 #dbf ,sanicula m>il&ica #cia ,,s>rac5iaceae #chi ,s>rac5ia purpurea #chi ,,saxifragaceae #chi1 #daj ,scirpus cyp]9us #dah ,scirpus validus #dah ,,scrophul>iaceae #chi1 #dcb ,scutell>ia gal]iculata #cga ,s5ecio aureus #cfe ,s5ecio integ]rimus #cfe ,silphium p]foliatum #cfe ,sisymbrium canesc5s #cfg ,sium cicutaefolium #dcb ,smilac9a racemosa #cgd1 #djg ,smilac9a /ellata #cgd ,smilax h]bacea #cgd ,,solanaceae #daj ,solanum tub]osum #daj ,solidago gram9ifolia #cff1 #dbi ,,sphagnaceae #dbb ,spiraea salicifolia #chf ,spiraea tom5tosa #chf ,spiran!s gracilis #dca ,/icta glomulif]a #djf ,/reptopus roseus #cgd ,symphoric>pos occid5talis #cfa ,symphoric>pos racemosus #cfa ,ta5idia integ]rima #dcb ,tanacetum vulg>e #cff1 #dbi ,t>axacum (fic9ale #cff1 #cii ,?alictrum dasyc>pum #chc ,?uja occid5talis #chj1 #dba ,,?ymeleaceae #cij ,tilia am]icana #dbb ,,tiliaceae #dbb ,tri5talis am]icana #dca ,tsuga canad5sis #chj1 #djh1 #dbb1 #dbf ,,typhaceae #cij1 #dbc1 #dcb ,typha latifolia #cij1 #dbc1 #dcb ,ulmus fulva #cib1 #dbc ,,umbellif]ae #dcb ,,urticaceae #cia1 #daa1 #dbc ,urtica lyallii #cib1 #dbc ,uvul>ia gr&iflora #cgd ,vacc9ium nigrum #dja ,vacc9ium oxycoccus #cfi1 #dja ,vacc9ium p5nsylvanicum #cfi1 #dja ,vacc9ium vacillans #dja ,v]bascum ?apsus #cij ,viburnum l5tago #cfa1 #cih ,viburnum opulus am]icanum #cec1 #cfa ,viburnum prunifolium #cfa ,viburnum pubesc5s #dag ,viola canad5sis #cib ,,violaceae #cib ,viola consp]sa #cib ,,vitaceae #cib1 #daa ,vitis vulp9a #cib1 #daa ,xan?ium commune #cff ,zan?oxylum am]icanum #chg ,zea mays #djb ,zizania palu/ris #djc ,,by ,,engli% ,,"n ,add]'s ,m\? #cgg ,,add]',s ,,tongue ,,family #cgg ,agrimony #chc ,ald]1 ,speckl$ #ceh1 #dbe ,anemone1 ,canada #chb ,apple1 ,r$ ,haw #dji ,arbor ,vitae #chj1 #dba ,arr[head1 ,arum ,leav$ #cec1 #cif ,arr[-wood1 ,d[ny #dag ,,arum ,,family #cee1 #dbh ,a%1 ,black #dbj ,a%1 ,prickly #chg ,a%1 ,r$ #cgf1 #djg1 #dbj ,asp51 ,l>ge-too!d #chg1 #daj ,asp51 ,quak+ #chh ,a/]1 ,blue ,wood #dbh ,a/]1 ,l>ge-leav$ #cfc1 #cih1 #dbi ,av5s1 ,l>ge-leav$ #chd ,balsam-apple1 ,wild #cfg ,balsam ,fir #cgh1 #dbj ,baneb]ry1 ,r$ #chb ,,b>b]ry ,,family #ceh ,,basswood ,,family #dbb ,,bayb]ry ,,family #cge1 #dbj1 #dbe ,bean1 ,cranb]ry ,pole #djf ,bean1 ,lima #djf ,bean1 ,navy #djf ,be> #ceb ,b$/raw1 ,small #chg ,bee* #dja ,,bee* ,,family #cfi1 #dja1 #dah1 #dbe ,,bellfl[] ,,family #cfj ,bellfl[]1 ,m>% #cfj ,bellwort1 ,l>ge-fl[]$ #cgd ,bellwort1 ,sessile-leav$ #dcj ,b]gamot1 ,wild #cga ,betony1 ,wood #chi1 #dcb ,,bir* ,,family #ceh1 #cig1 #dac1 #dbe ,bir*1 ,l[ #cei1 #dag ,bir*1 ,pap] #ceh1 #dac1 #dbe ,bir*1 ,yell[ #cig ,,bir?wort ,,family #ceg1 #cig ,bitt]sweet1 ,climb+ #cfb1 #cih ,blackb]ry1 ,high ,bu% #che1 #dji ,bloodroot #cgg1 #dbf ,blueb]ry #cfi1 #dja ,blueb]ry1 ,black ,l[ #dja ,blueb]ry1 ,l[ #dja ,blue ,flag #dcj ,,borage ,,family #cei ,box ,eld] #cec1 #cid ,brake #chb1 #djh ,,buck:eat ,,family #cha1 #dca ,bulru%1 ,great #dah ,bun*b]ry #cff ,burdock1 ,common #cfc ,bu%1 ,/eeple #chf ,butt] & ,eggs #chi ,butt]nut #dje1 #dbe ,campion1 ,:ite #cfa ,canada ,mayfl[] #cgc ,c>rion-fl[] #cgd ,catnip #cga1 #dje ,cat's-,foot1 ,less] #cfc ,cat-tail #cij1 #dcb ,,cat-,,tail ,,family #cij1 #dcb ,c$>1 ,:ite #dba ,celad9e1 ,wild #ceh ,*]ry1 ,*oke #che1 #dji ,*]ry1 ,p9 #che1 #dji ,*]ry1 ,s& #dji ,*]ry1 ,wild #che1 #dji ,cicely1 ,sweet #cia ,c9quefoil1 ,r\gh #chd ,clay1 ,r$ #ceb ,clay1 ,:ite #ceb ,cleav]1 ,small #chf ,cl9tonia1 ,nor!rn #cgc1 #dcj ,clov]1 ,:ite ,sweet #cgc ,,club ,,moss ,,family #cge ,cocklebur #cff ,coho%1 ,black #chb ,coho%1 ,blue #ceh ,columb9e1 ,wild #chc ,,composite ,,family #cfb1 #cih1 #dag1 #dbh ,corn #djb ,cornel1 ,dw>f #cff ,corydalis1 ,gold5 #cgj ,c[ ,p>snip #cij1 #dcb ,c[ ,:eat #chi ,cramp ,b>k #cec ,cranb]ry #cfi1 #dja ,cranb]ry1 ,highbu% #cfa ,cress1 ,m>% #cfg ,cr[foot1 ,bri/ly #chc1 #dbf1 #dca ,cr[foot1 ,curs$ #chc ,,cr[foot ,,family #chb1 #djh1 #dbf1 #dca ,cucumb] #cii ,cup1 ,indian #cfe ,currant1 ,wild ,black #daj ,currant1 ,wild ,r$ #chi1 #daj ,daisy1 ,ox-eye #cfc ,d&elion #cff1 #cii ,dewb]ry #dji ,dock1 ,curl$ #cha1 #dca ,,dogbane ,,family #ced1 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,reviv] #cgi gjibnsk ,equisetum arv5se ,dropsy #cfh gjibnsk ,equisetum arv5se ,fodd] #djj gjibnsk ,equisetum hyemale ,sc\r+ #dah gijg ,?uja occid5talis ,crafts #dba gijk ,?uja occid5talis ,inc5se #chj gijk&ag ,?uja occid5talis ,heada*e #chj gjikg&ogng ,lycopodium complanatum ,reviv] #cge gimasan ,arctium m9us ,tonic #cfc gimnest ,vacc9ium vacillans ,food #dja gnebg odjibk ,sanicula m>il&ica ,fev]s #cia gnebgomnagawnj ,smilax h]bacea ,lungs #cgd gnosewbg ,cl9tonia borealis ,p>turi5t #cgc gokocgnda ,hab5>ia bracteata ,aphrodisiac #cgg mnskwemn gokocgnda ,hab5>ia bracteata ,love *>m #dca mnskwemn gokocoadjibk ,oxybaphus nyctag9eus ,spra9s #cge gozigagomnagawnj ,amelan*i] laevis 8 #chd gozigagomnk ,amelan*i] laevis ,pr5atal rem$y #chd gozigagomnn ,amelan*i] laevis ,food #djh mbjgoa ,artemisia ludoviciana ,vet]9>y use #cfc n5atg ,ac] sac*>um ,sug> #cid 9natg ,ac] sac*>um ,ut5sils #dac nniwnj ,asclepias syriaca ,female rem$y #ceg nniwnj ,asclepias syriaca ,food #cig nniwnj ,asclepias syriaca ,hunt+ #dbh jicawgan ,lag5>ia vulg>is ,food #djj jicigwe ,rattlesnake ,*ildbir? #ceb jgomiskn ,juncus dudleyi ,arts #dai jkamiskn ,scirpus validus ,textiles #dah jimasanck ,cirsium lanceolatum ,cramps #cfd jimckigobg ,plantago major ,bruises #cha jngob ,abies balsamea ,crafts #dbj jngob ,abies balsamea ,sore eyes #cgh jngob&ag ,abies balsamea ,crafts #cgh1 #dbj jngob pkewandag ,abies balsamea ,crafts #dbj jngob pkewandag ,abies balsamea ,sore eyes #cgh jngwak ,p9us /robus ,food #djg jngwakbgo ,p9us /robus ,inhalant #cgi jngwak kweseskwetk ,p9us /robus ,inhalant #cgi jngwak onagk ,p9us /robus ,sudatory #cgi jngwakons wakun ,/icta glomulif]a ,food #djf jngwak wacskwed ,p9us /robus ,res9 #dba jngwak wacskwed ,p9us /robus ,sudatory #cgi jngwakwak ,/icta glomulif]a ,food #djf jngwp ,picea m>iana ,crafts #dba jngwp ,picea m>iana ,reviv] #cgi jngwup gawandag ,picea m>iana ,m$ic9al salt #cgi jssns ,panax qu9quefolium ,comm]ce #cef jiwcgonibg ,humulus lupulus ,diuretic #cia jiwc9igonibg ,humulus lupulus ,cook+ #daa kagagtcimn ,ribes am]icanum ,food #daj mackigobgons ,*ama$aphne calyculata ,bev]age #djj magosiecnakwk ,apocynum &rosaemifolium ,*>m #dbh magosecnakwk ,apocynum &rosaemifolium ,kidneys #ced makasn ,cyprip$ium p>viflorum ,female rem$y #cgg makatemn ,vacc9ium nigrum ,food #dja makatewa anaganck ,pt]is aquil9a ,cramps #chb manasadi ,populus balsamif]a ,w\nds #chg manasatg ,laportea canad5sis ,fib] #cgh1 #dba m&amn ,zea mays ,food #djb m&amnodjibkns ,p$icul>is canad5sis ,aphrodisiac #chi m&amnodjibkns ,p$icul>is canad5sis ,love *>m #dcb mandobimakwt ,cela/rus sc&5s ,/oma* #cfb mandobmakwt ,cela/rus sc&5s ,food #cih mandbimakwt ,ps$]a qu9quefolia ,food #daa manomn ,zizania palu/ris ,food #djc manwegons ,ranunculus p5nsylvanicus ,hunt+ #chc manwegons ,ranunculus p5nsylvanicus ,dye #dbf manwegons ,ranunculus p5nsylvanicus ,hunt+ #dca manwegons ,ta5idia integ]rima ,hunt+ #dcb manwekos ,ta5idia integ]rima ,hunt+ #dcb masan ,sanicula m>il&ica ,snake bite #cia masan ,cynoglossum boreale ,inhalant #cei masan ,urtica lyallii ,fib] #dbc masan ,urtica lyallii ,heat ra% #cib masanatk ,laportea canad5sis ,diuretic #cia1 #dbc masanck ,cirsium arv5se ,b[el tonic #cfd mgsibg ,a/] macrophyllus ,food #cih mgisibg ,a/] macrophyllus ,heada*e #cfc mmisgwnagg ,spiraea tom5tosa ,p>turi5t #chf mmsknakk ,hi]acium canad5se ,hunt+ #dbi mesadiwackons ,eriophorum callitrix 8 #cfh mskodimnn ,phaseolus vulg>is ,food #djf meskwabimc ,cornus paniculata ,flux #cfg meskwabimc ,cornus paniculata ,smok+ #cii1 #dah meskwacabomnk ,ribes cynosbati ,food #daj meskwadjibkk ,sangu9>ia canad5sis ,sore ?roat #cgg meskwadjibkk ,sangu9>ia canad5sis ,dye #dbf meskwamn ,rubus idaeus aculeatissimus ,food #daj meskwamnagawnj ,rubus idaeus aculeatissimus ,season] #chf metgomc ,qu]cus velut9a ,dye #dbe metgomc ,qu]cus macroc>pa ,dye #dbe mtgmn ,qu]cus velut9a ,food #djb mcaogacan ,erig]on philadelphicus ,hunt+ #dbh mcaogacan ,erig]on philadelphicus ,smok+ #cih mcaogacan ,erig]on philadelphicus ,fev] #cfd mcimn ,qu]cus alba ,food #dja mcitcimnk ,ribes tri/e ,female rem$y #chi1 #daj mckimnnmc ,nemopan?us mucronata 8 #cee mdewidjibk ,anemone canad5sis ,loz5ge #chb mdewidjibk ,apocynum &rosaemifolium ,c]emonial #ced mnesagawnj ,crataegus sp4 ,female rem$y #chd mnesagawnj ,crataegus sp4 ,food #dji mnesagawnj ,crataegus sp4 ,crafts #dbb mnesagawnj ,crataegus sp4 ,hunt+ #dca mngawnj ,vacc9ium p5nsylvanicum ,blood #cfi mnn ,vacc9ium p5nsylvanicum ,food #dja missabgon ,cucurbita pepo ,food #djj misodjidamoank ,arabis glabra 8 #cfg mtcigimnk ,e*9ocy/is lobata ,tonic #cfg mtgomc ,qu]cus alba ,ut5sils #dah mtgmc ,qu]cus macroc>pa ,a/r+5t #cfi mtgmc ,qu]cus macroc>pa ,food #djb mtgmc w5agk ,qu]cus rubra ,bron*itis #cfi mtgmc ,qu]cus rubra ,food #djb mtgwabak ,c>ya ovata ,b[s #dai mosomc ,cornus alt]nifolia ,emetic #cff mosomc ,cornus alt]nifolia ,smok+ #dag mosomc ,cornus alt]nifolia ,trap lure #dbh mckigobamc ,salix lucida ,sores #chh mckigodjibk ,pot5tilla palu/ris ,/oma* #che mckgwatg ,l>ix l>ic9a ,inhalant #cgh mcki gwatg ,l>ix l>ic9a ,crafts #dba mckikiwt ,tanacetum vulg>e-- ,fev]s #cff mckkiwt ,tanacetum vulg>e ,hunt+ #dbh mckimn ,vacc9ium oxycoccus-- ,food #dja mckimnagawnj ,vacc9ium oxycoccus ,nausea #cfi mcktcimn ,vacc9ium oxycoccus ,food #dja mkwo ,be> fat ,physic #ceb mkwobaganak ,corylus am]icana ,dye #dbe mkwobaganak ,corylus am]icana ,ut5sils #dag mkwobaganak ,corylus am]icana ,p\ltices #cei mkwobaganak ,corylus am]icana ,food #cig mkwopnik ,d5t>ia maxima ,food #cii nabgck ,acorus calamus ,physic #cee nabgck ,acorus calamus ,fi% lure #dbh nabkck ,iris v]sicolor ,physic #cga "n ,/urgeon ,tattoo+ tool #ceb "npn ,as>um canad5se acum9atum ,/oma*ic #ceg "npn ,as>um canad5se acum9atum ,food #cig "nwckons ,m5?a arv5sis canad5sis ,blood rem$y #cga nanbteodekn ,polygonatum biflorum ,c\gh #cgd nanibteodekn ,/reptopus roseus ,c\gh #cgd naskosics ,a/] macrophyllus ,hunt+ #cfc naskosics ,a/] cordifolius ,hunt+ #dbh naskosics ,a/] macrophyllus ,hunt+ #dbh nawobgk ,tri5talis am]icana ,hunt+ #dca nebneankwek ,hydrophyllum virg9ianum ,flux #cga nebnenanikweag ,hydrophyllum virg9ianum ,horse #dje1 #dai m$ic9e nebnenanikweag ,hydrophyllum virg9ianum ,fodd] #dje nmgosibg ,a/] macrophyllus ,food #cih neweakwisnk ,oakesia sessilifolia ,hunt+ #dcj ngtnignk ,e*9ocy/is lobata ,tonic #cfg nokomisknn ,aspl5ium filix-fem9a ,cak$ brea/ #cha nokwesgn ,erig]on ramosus ,heada*e #cfd ocacadjibkes ,epilobium angu/ifolium ,c>buncle #cgf ocigmc ,caulophyllum ?alictroides ,cramps #ceh odatagagomc ,rubus allegh5i5sis ,food #dji odatagagomc ,rubus allegh5i5sis ,diuretic #che odeimn ,frag>ia virg9iana ,food #dji odeimndjibk ,frag>ia virg9iana ,colic #chd odeimndjibk ,cornus canad5sis ,cold #cff odteabg ,nymphaea adv5a ,p\ltices #cgf odteabg wabgwn ,ca/alia odorata ,c\gh #cgf odteabg wabgwn ,ca/alia odorata ,food #djg ogadamn ,nymphaea adv5a ,p\ltices #cgf og9i ,rosa bl&a ,he>tburn #che ognigawnj ,rosa bl&a ,he>tburn #che ognem9agaons ,rosa bl&a ,he>tburn #che ogtebg ,cal?a palu/ris ,food #djh ogwissimaun ,cucurbita maxima ,food #cii owasokwonek ogwssimaun ,cucurbita maxima ,diuretic #cfg owasokwnek ojbweowecwn ,galium trifidum ,sk9 diseases #chg okadak ,aralia nudicaulis ,blood purifi] #cef okwemn ,prunus s]ot9a ,c\gh #che okwemn ,prunus s]ot9a ,food #dji omakakiodass ,s>rac5ia purpurea ,p>turi5t #chi omakakiwdass ,s>rac5ia purpurea ,p>turi5t #chi op9 ,solanum tub]osum ,food #daj osagatkm ,osmorhiza longi/ylis ,p>turi5t #cia osaman ,r$ clay ,p\ltices #ceb osawaskanet ,di]villa lonic]a ,diuretic #cfj osawaskodjibk ,impati5s biflora ,dye #dbe osawaskwnis ,g]anium maculatum ,flux #cgj oskwetk ,calvatia cranii=mis ,nose-ble$ #cgj owacawaskwneg ,l9>ia vulg>is ,bron*itis #chi ow9simn ,gaul!ria procumb5s ,food #dja pakwan ,plantago major ,spra9s #chj papaskatcksiganatg ,sambucus racemosa ,purgative #cfj pigwewnsk ,pa/9aca sativa ,female rem$y #cia pkwadj ,fi% ,bladd] ,syr+e #ceb pkwadjc ,mu%rooms ,poison #djb pipgwewanck ,h]acleum lanatum ,sores #cij pipigwewanck ,h]acleum lanatum ,hunt+ #dcb sagatgons ,agrimonia gryposepala ,diuretic #chc sagmakwn ,frax9us p5nsylvanica ,food #djg sakatebwi ,galium ap>9e ,kidneys #chf sakatikomk ,xan?ium commune 8 #cff sawemn ,prunus virg9iana ,food #dji sewakomn ,prunus pumila ,food #dji sibamckn ,equisetum sylvaticum ,dropsy #cfh sizigobimc ,salix fragilis ,/yptic #chh sizigobamc ,salix p$icell>is ,/oma* #chh sizigobamc ,salix lucida ,sores #chh tcatcabonksk ,scutell>ia gal]iculata ,he>t #cgb tci"nwck ,nepeta cat>ia ,blood purifi] #cgb tci"nwck ,nepeta cat>ia ,bev]age #dje tcodeimnagawnj ,pot5tilla monspeli5sis ,physic #chd tekomn ,qu]cus velut9a ,food #djb tpotekwason ,corydalis aurea ,reviv] #cgj wababgan ,:ite ,clay ,pills #ceb wabackkibg ,*ama$aphne calyculata ,bev]age #djj wabanweak ,viburnum pubesc5s ,smok+ #dag wabasipn ,sagitt>ia arifolia ,indige/ion #cec wabasipn ,sagitt>ia arifolia ,food #cif wab5imna ,phaseolus lunatus ,food #djf macroc>pus wab5imnesa ,phaseolus vulg>is ,food #djf wabgwon ,a*illea lanulosa ,smok+ #dag wabgwn ,a*illea lanulosa ,insect bites #cfb wabgwn ,radicula palu/ris hispida 8 #cfg wabgwn ,erig]on canad5sis ,hunt+ #dbh wabgwn ,hi]acium canad5se ,hunt+ #dbh waboskkibg ,l$um gro5l&icum ,bev]age #dja waboskkimnn ,galium t9ctorium ,lungs #chf wabosskwe ,aralia nudicaulis ,c\gh #cef wabckadj bk ,uvul>ia gr&iflora ,pleurisy #cgd wabckkibg ,spiraea salicifolia ,trapp+ #chf wadob ,alnus incana ,dye #dbe wadobn ,alnus incana ,hemo/atic #ceh wajackwed ,mu%rooms ,poison #djb wanemgons ,sium cicutaefolium ,hunt+ #dcb wasawaskwnek ,solidago gram9ifolia ,hunt+ #dbh wasawaskwnek ,solidago gram9ifolia ,*e/ pa9 #cff wasawasnimke ,myrica gale ,dye #dbe wapate 7,cali=nia ,sagitt>ia arifolia ,food #cif tribe7 wapatoo 7,cali=nia ,sagitt>ia arifolia ,food #cif tribe7 wecawaskwnek ,t>axacum (fic9ale ,food #cii wecaws wackwnek ,mon>da fi/ulosa ,cat>rh #cgb wecaws wackwnsk ,pr5an?us alba ,diuretic #cfe weke ,acorus calamus ,physic #cee wesausakwnek ,t>axacum (fic9ale ,he>tburn #cff wesawabikwonk ,uvul>ia gr&iflora ,/oma* #cgd wesawadjibkweak ,coptis trifolia ,sore m\? #chc wesawadjibikweak ,coptis trifolia ,dye #dbf wesawanikweak ,coptis trifolia ,sore m\? #chc wesawasakwnek ,nelumbo lutea ,food #djg odteabg wesawckn ,apocynum &rosaemifolium ,kidneys #ced wesawsgaskonk ,impati5s biflora ,heada*e #ceg wesawskwn ,apocynum &rosaemifolium ,fib] #dac wewaebgg ,viola consp]sa ,he>t #cib wicawasakonek ,geum macrophyllum ,female rem$y #chd wckobidjibk ,actaea rubra ,*ildbir? #chb wckobim&amn ,zea mays ,food #djc wckobimckosi ,an?oxan?um odoratum ,arts #dai wckobisgang ,zea mays ,food #djc wigub ,tilia am]icana ,fib] #dbb wgwas ,betula alba papyrif]a ,dye #dbe wgwas ,betula alba papyrif]a ,ut5sils #dac wgwas ,betula alba papyrif]a ,aromatic #ceh wik ,iris v]sicolor ,snake *>m #dcj wnsibgd ,gaul!ria procumb5s ,rheumatism #cfi1 #djj winsk ,betula lutea ,bev]age #cig wngskw ,artemisia ludoviciana ,vet]9>y use #cfc zigo ,salix lucida ,sores #chh ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,xlvi4 ,figure #a4 ,ojibwe demon/ration g>d5 at ,lac du ,flambeau1 ,wis4 ,see page #cdb4 ,figure #b4 ,ojibwe wigwam at ,lac du ,flambeau1 ,wis4 ,cov]$ ) cat-tail mats & bir* b>k rolls4 ,see pages #cdj1 #daf1 #dbb4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,xlvi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,xlvii4 ,figure #a4 ,ojibwe dream dance at ,lac du ,flambeau1 ,wis4 ,see page #cdf4 ,figure #b4 ,j]k+ de] meat at ,lac du ,flambeau1 ,wis4 ,see page #dag4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,xlvii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,xlviii4 ,figure #a4 ,ojibwe bead loom & "w1 ,lac du ,flambeau1 ,wis4 ,john ,:itefea!r & wife4 ,see page #dac4 ,figure #b4 ,lac du ,flambeau1 ,wis41 %[+ ,pokegama & ,flambeau lakes4 ,see page #cdd4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,xlviii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,xlix4 ,figure #a4 ,bir* b>k baskets4 ,wife ( ,webujuonokwe1 ,flambeau ,village1 ,wis4 ,see page #daf4 ,figure #b4 ,ojibwe cradle bo>d4 ,see page #dbj4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,xlix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,l4 ,figure #a4 ,p\nd+ out ,black ,a% basketry spl9ts4 ,see page #dbj4 ,figure #b4 ,mak+ a% spl9t baskets4 ,see page #dbj4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,l4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,li4 ,figure #a4 ,great ,bulru%es 7,scirpus validus7 = weav+ mats4 ,see page #dah4 ,figure #b4 ,ojibwe burial on ,be> ,isl&1 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota4 ,see page #cdd4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,li4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lii4 ,figure #a4 ,peel+ bir* log = canoe b>k4 ,lac du ,flambeau1 ,wis4 ,see page #dae4 ,figure #b4 ,bir* b>k roll & me?od ( transportation4 ,see page #dae4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,liii4 ,figure #a4 ,splitt+ canoe ribs f ,c$> 7,?uja occid5talis74 ,see page #dae4 ,figure #b4 ,mak+ canoe ribs4 ,see page #dae4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,liii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,liv4 ,figure #a4 ,%ap+ canoe nose4 ,see page #dae4 ,figure #b4 ,sew+ canoe 9 =m4 ,see page #dae4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,liv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lv4 ,figure #a4 ,grubb+ out ,jack ,p9e roots 7,p9us banksiana74 ,see pages #dae1 #dba4 ,figure #b4 ,split ,jack ,p9e roots coil$4 ,see pages #dae1 #dba4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lvi4 ,figure #a4 ,boil+ pit* ( ! ,balsam ,fir 7,abies balsamea74 ,see page #dae4 ,figure #b4 ,sew+ bir* b>k canoe4 ,see pages #daf1 #dba4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lvi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lvii4 ,figure #a4 ,apply+ pit* to seams = wat]pro(+4 ,see page #daf4 ,figure #b4 ,laun*+ complet$ canoe 9 ,flambeau ,lake4 ,see page #daf4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lvii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lviii4 ,figure #a4 ,:ite ,cl\d's g>d5 & potato pat*1 ,be> ,isl&1 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota4 ,see page #daa4 ,figure #b4 ,balsam b>k wigwam1 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota4 ,see pages #cdj1 #dbc4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lviii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lix4 ,figure #a4 ,piawantag9um1 "m ( ,john ,pep]4 ,age #ajf4 ,be> ,isl&1 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota4 ,see page #cci4 ,figure #b4 ,:ite ,cl\d1 ,be> ,isl&1 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9n4 ,see page #cci4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lx4 ,figure #a4 ,be> ,isl&1 ,lee* ,lake1 ,m9nesota4 ,see page #cch4 ,figure #b4 ,tam>ack bran* 7,l>ix l>ic9a74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e & food4 ,see page #cgh4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lx4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxi4 ,figure #a4 ,gr\nd ,p9e 7,lycopodium d5droideum74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cge4 ,figure #b4 ,giant ,puffball 7,calvatia cranii=mis74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgj4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxii4 ,figure #a4 ,balsam ,fir 7,abies balsamea74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgh4 ,figure #b4 ,:ite ,spruce 7,picea canad5sis74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgi4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxiii4 ,figure #a4 ,:ite ,p9e 7,p9us /robus74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see pages #cgi1 #dba4 ,figure #b4 ,norway ,p9e 7,p9us res9osa74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see pages #cgi1 #dba4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxiii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxiv4 ,figure #a4 ,bur ,oak 7,qu]cus macroc>pa74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cfi4 ,figure #b4 ,r$ ,oak 7,qu]cus rubra74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgj4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxiv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxv4 ,figure #a4 ,r$ ,maple 7,ac] rubrum74 ,us$ 9 arts4 ,see pages #cec1 #dab4 ,figure #b4 ,m\nta9 ,holly 7,nemopan?us mucronata74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cee4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxvi4 ,figure #a4 ,sphagnum ,moss 7,sphagnum dus5ii74 ,us$ 9 arts4 ,see page #dbb4 ,figure #b4 ,virg9ia ,grape ,f]n 7,botri*ium virg9ianum74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgg4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxvi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxvii4 ,figure #a4 ,pit*]-plant 7,s>rac5ia purpurea74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #chi4 ,figure #b4 ,cranb]ries 9 fruit 7,vacc9ium oxycoccus74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e & food4 ,see pages #cfi1 #dja4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxvii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxviii4 ,figure #a4 ,poison ,ivy 7,rhus toxicod5dron74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #ced4 ,figure #b4 ,box ,eld] 7,ac] negundo74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e & food4 ,see pages #cec1 #cid4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxviii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxix4 ,figure #a4 ,balsam ,apple 7,e*9ocy/is lobata74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cfg4 ,figure #b4 ,great ,will[-h]b 7,epilobium angu/ifolium74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgf4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxx4 ,figure #a4 ,wild ,currant 7,ribes am]icanum ,mill474 ,s\rce ( food4 ,see page #daj4 ,figure #b4 ,riv]-bank ,grape 7,vitis vulp9a74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e & food4 ,see pages #cib1 #daa4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxx4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxxi4 ,figure #a4 ,canada ,mayfl[] 7,maian!mum canad5se74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgc4 ,figure #b4 ,false ,spik5>d 7,smilac9a racemosa74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgd4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxxi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxxii4 ,figure #a4 ,twi/$ ,/alk 7,/reptopus roseus74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgd4 ,figure #b4 ,solomon's ,seal 7,polygonatum biflorum74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgd4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxxii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxxiii4 ,figure #a4 ,purple ,mead[ ,rue 7,?alictrum dasyc>pum74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #chc4 ,figure #b4 ,c>rion-fl[] 7,smilax h]bacea74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #cgd4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxxiii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxxiv4 ,figure #a4 ,wild ,columb9e 7,aquilegia canad5sis74 ,s\rce ( *>m4 ,see page #chc4 ,figure #b4 ,canada ,anemone 7,anemone canad5sis74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #chb4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxxiv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxxv4 ,figure #a4 ,gold?read 7,coptis trifolia74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e & dye4 ,see pages #chc1 #dbf4 ,figure #b4 ,w9t]gre5 7,gaul!ria procumb5s74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see pages #cfi1 #djj4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxxv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxxvi4 ,figure #a4 ,r$ ,baneb]ry 7,actaea rubra74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #chb4 ,figure #b4 ,labrador ,tea 7,l$um gro5l&icum74 ,s\rce ( bev]age4 ,see page #dja4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxxvi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,explanation ,,( ,,plate ,,lxxvii4 ,figure #a4 ,agrimony 7,agrimonia gryposepala74 ,s\rce ( m$ic9e4 ,see page #chd4 ,figure #b4 ,haw?orn 7,crataegus sp474 ,s\rce ( food & utility4 ,see pages #chd1 #dca4 ,,bull41 ,,publ4 ,,mus41 ,,milw4 ,,vol4 #d1 ,,pl4 ,,lxxvii4