,,evolution ,,of ,,expression ,,by ,,charles ,,wesley ,,emerson ,,founder ,,of ,,emerson ,,college ,,of ,,oratory1 ,,boston ,a ,,compilation ,,of ,,selections ,,illustrating ,,the ,,four ,,stages ,,of ,,development ,,in ,,art ,,as ,,applied ,,to ,,oratory ,,in ,,four ,,volumes1 ,,with ,,key ,,to ,,each ,,chapter ,,thirty-,,third ,,edition ,,volume ,i--,,revised ,,to ,,my ,,students ,whose need has been my inspiration and whose understanding my rich reward1 these volumes are affectionately ,,dedicated ,,contents4 ,,introduction ,,animation ,,analysis ,,smoothness ,,volume ,,forming ,,the ,,elements ,,chapter ,i4 ,,the ,,tea-,,kettle ,,and ,,the ,,cricket ,charles ,dickens ,,the ,,pied ,,piper ,,of ,,hamelin ,robert ,browning ,,group ,,of ,,lyrics3 ,,pippa ,,passes ,robert ,browning ,,the ,,snowdrop ,alfred ,tennyson ,,the ,,throstle ,alfred ,tennyson ,,one ,,morning1 ,,oh1 ,,so ,,early ,jean ,ingelow ,,freedom ,john ,ruskin ,a ,,laughing ,,chorus ,,the ,,cheerful ,,locksmith ,charles ,dickens ,,home ,,thoughts ,,from ,,abroad ,robert ,browning ,,lochinvar ,sir ,walter ,scott ,,the ,,polish ,,war ,,song ,james ,g4 ,percival ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,the ,,village ,,preacher ,oliver ,goldsmith ,,to ,,the ,,daisy ,william ,wordsworth ,,psalm ,,xxiii ,david ,,extract ,,from ,,eulogy ,,on ,,wendell ,,phillips ,george ,william ,curtis ,,the ,,brook ,alfred ,tennyson ,,old ,,aunt ,,mary',s ,james ,whitcomb ,riley ,,child ,,verse3 ,,my ,,shadow ,robert ,louis ,stevenson ,,the ,,swing ,robert ,louis ,stevenson ,,the ,,lamplighter ,robert ,louis ,stevenson ,,waiting ,john ,burroughs ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,the ,,revenge ,alfred ,tennyson ,,the ,,ocean ,lord ,byron ,,spartacus ,,to ,,the ,,gladiators ,,at ,,capua ,rev4 ,elijah ,kellogg ,,tell ,,to ,,his ,,native ,,mountains1 ,james ,sheridan ,knowles ,,battle ,,hymn ,karl ,theodor ,korner ,,self-,,reliance ,ralph ,waldo ,emerson ,,adams ,,and ,,jefferson ,daniel ,webster ,,the ,,defence ,,of ,,lucknow ,alfred ,tennyson ,,sonnets3 ,,keats ,,wordsworth ,,milton ,,elizabeth ,,barrett ,,browning ,,is ,,there ,,for ,,honest ,,poverty ,robert ,burns ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,hamlet ,,to ,,the ,,players ,william ,shakespeare ,,the ,,boy ,,and ,,the ,,angel ,robert ,browning ,,speech ,,and ,,silence ,thomas ,carlyle ,,the ,,rich ,,man ,,and ,,the ,,poor ,,man ,khemnitzer ,,gathering ,,of ,,the ,,fairies ,joseph ,rodman ,drake ,,the ,,song ,,of ,,the ,,rain ,spectator ,,hearty ,,reading ,sidney ,smith ,,ivry ,lord ,macaulay ,,the ,,daffodils ,william ,wordsworth ,,cheerfulness ,j4 ,h4 ,friswell ,,april ,,in ,,the ,,hills ,archibald ,lampman ,,introduction4 ,teach me1 then1 ,to fashion worlds in little1 making form1 ,as ,god does1 one with spirit1--be the priest ,who makes ,god into bread to feed the world4 --,richard ,hovey4 ,the revised edition of the ,evolution of ,expression is issued in response to frequent requests from teachers and students for a formulation of those principles upon which natural methods in the teaching of expression are based4 ,it is hoped that the brief explanatory text introducing each chapter may aid teacher and pupil to avoid arbitrary standards and haphazard efforts1 substituting in their place1 psychological law4 ,growth in expression is not a matter of chance2 the teacher who understands nature's laws and rests upon them1 setting no limit to the potentialities of his pupil1 waits not in vain for results4 ,no printed text1 however1 can take the place of a discerning teacher4 ,a knowledge of the philosophy of education in expression avails little without the ability to create the genial atmosphere conducive to the development of the student4 ,the teacher is the gardener1 his service--his full service--is to surround the young plant with favorable conditions of light and soil and atmosphere2 then stand out of its way while it unfolds its full blossom and final fruitage4 ,the tendency of modern education is towards the discovery and perfection of methods4 ,the thought of leading educators is turned from the what to the how2 to the development of systems of progressive steps through which the pupil may be led to a realization of himself4 ,this trend is best shown in the multiplicity and excellence of recent pedagogical treatises and in the appearance of carefully graded and progressive text-books4 ,the ancients believed that their heroes were born of gods and goddesses4 ,they knew of no means by which the mind could be developed to the compass of greatness4 ,the ancient theory to account for greatness was preternatural birth2 the modern theory is evolution4 ,to-day the interest of the child is awakened1 his mind is aroused1 and then led onward in regular steps4 ,the study of all forms of art1 so far as methods are concerned1 should be progressive4 ,for correct guidance in our search for the best methods1 we must understand the order of the development of the human mind4 ,a child1 before he arrives at an age where he can be taught definitely1 is simply a little palpitating mass of animation4 ,soon he begins to show an attraction toward surrounding objects4 ,next he begins to show a greater attraction for some things than for others4 ,his hands clutch at and retain certain objects4 ,he now enters the period of development where he makes selections1 and thus is born the power of choice4 ,objects which1 at first1 appeared to him as a mass now begin to stand out clearly one from another2 to become more and more differentiated1 while the child begins to separate and to compare4 ,thus the brain of the child passes through the successive stages from simple animation to attraction1 to selection or choice1 to separation or analysis4 ,this principle of evolution1 operating along the same lines1 is found in the race as in the individual4 ,in all man's work he has but recorded his own life or evolution4 ,all history1 all religions1 all governments1 all forms of art bring their testimony to this truth1 and in each the scholar may find these successive stages of development4 ,in the age of ,phidias the art of sculpture reached its maturity4 ,no race and no people have ever surpassed the consummate achievements of that period4 ,but this perfection was the result of a process of evolution4 ,there had been graduated steps1 and those same steps must to-day be taken in the education of the artist4 ,art had passed into its second period before authentic ,greek history began4 ,the first stage was shown in that nation so justly called the ,mother of ,arts and ,sciences4 ,in ,egypt we find probably the first real manifestations of mind in art forms4 ,they are colossal exhibitions of energy1 such as the ,temple of ,thebes1 seven hundred feet in length1 statues seventy feet tall1 monuments rearing their heads almost five hundred feet in air4 ,those temples1 palaces1 and piles stupendous ,of which the very ruins are tremendous4 ,to ,assyria we turn in our search for the next step in the progress of art4 ,here we find the artists making melodramatic efforts to attract the attention and fascinate the mind with weird and incongruous shapes of mongrel brutes and hydraheaded monsters4 ,finding art at this point1 the ,greeks1 true to their race instinct1 at once began to evolve from it higher forms4 ,they soon awoke to the perception that beauty itself is the true principle of fascination4 ,reducing their new theory to practise1 the ,greek artists turned their attention to perfecting the details of the art they had borrowed4 ,to works originally repellant from their very crudeness1 they supplied finish and perfection of the parts4 ,the ideal was still before them2 the grotesque monsters might fascinate the beholder1 but1 however skilfully executed1 however perfected in finish1 the impression produced was but transitory1 and failed to satisfy the craving of the soul ,beauty was found to be the only abiding source of satisfaction4 ,as the conceptions of the past no longer satisfied the criterion which their own minds had embraced1 the ,greek artists sought in nature herself for models of that beauty1 which1 when placed in art forms1 should be a joy forever4 ,the monsters of antiquity disappeared1 and in their places1 came attempts to faithfully copy nature4 ,to be sure1 some specimens of the art era from which the ,greeks had just emerged appeared at much later periods of their history2 but these creations1 as in the case of the ,centaur1 were usually representations of what were believed to be historical facts1 rather than fantastic creations designed by the artist to startle the beholder4 ,the ,greek still gratified his passion for beauty of detail1 while he was pursuing his new-born purpose of copying nature4 ,it was not long before he found that nature1 however skilfully copied1 could be perfectly mirrored to the eye of the beholder only when presented as she appears to the mind of man4 ,this discovery budded and blossomed into the consummate flower of true art1 the fourth or suggestive era1 which reached its acme in the work of ,phidias and his contemporaries4 ,every creation was the expression of some state of mind4 ,everything was made as it appeared to the eye of the poet1 not as it might seem to the man of no sentiment4 ,the impression of the poetic mind found its expression in art1 and now the statues think1 fear1 hate1 love4 ,the same general laws which have governed the rise of sculpture1 underlie the evolution of all forms of art4 ,it is the purpose of the present writing to hint at1 rather than to trace1 the four stages of development in painting1 music1 and literature4 ,to follow the steps of progress in painting is somewhat more difficult than to trace the evolution of sculpture or architecture1 on account of the perishable nature of the materials4 ,music has unfolded with the unfolding of the human mind1 from the startling sounds of the savage1--exhibitions of pure energy1--through efforts at fascination by the medium of weird and unnatural combinations1 and through attempts to reproduce natural sounds1 ever upward till it breathes the very spirit of nature in a ,haydn or a ,beethoven4 ,we may follow the growth of the ,english drama through the same process1 from its dawning in the fantastic miracle plays with their paraphernalia of heaven and hell1 of gods1 devils1 angels1 and demons1 to the creations' of the thousand-souled ,shakespeare4 ,in religion we see the same phases--from the worship of life itself1 of natural phenomena1 through the panorama of deities friendly and deities unfriendly1 of gods many and of devils many1 until the human mind grasps the conception of ,unity in deity1 and bows in worship before an ,infinite ,being of ,love and ,providence4 ,in the history of government is written the same tale of evolution1 from manifestations of brute energy1 seeking gratification in subjugation for its own sake1--from the government typified by the iron heel1--to the government which1 seeking the education and protection of all the people becomes a school rather than a system of restraint4 ,therefore the race1 in its march from savagery to civilization1 may be considered as one man1 showing1 first1 animation2 next1 manifesting his objects of attraction2 third1 displaying his purposes2 and finally putting forth his wisdom in obedience to the true1 the beautiful1 and the good4 ,these principles of natural evolution have been applied by the writer to the study of oratory4 ,the orator must illustrate in his art the same steps of progress which govern the growth of other arts4 ,he may have developed the power of the painter1 the sculptor1 the musician1 yet if he would unfold the art of the rhetorician1 he must pass through the progressive gradations that have marked the education of his powers in other departments4 ,in a single lifetime he may attain the highest art expression1 yet he cannot escape the necessity of cultivating his powers by the same process of evolution which the race needed centuries to pass through4 ,it remains for the teacher1 therefore1 to so arrange the methods of study as to enable the pupil to pursue the natural order of education4 ,in all things he must stimulate and not repress normal growth4 ,there is an old notion sometimes found among theoretical educators that the mind of a child is like a piece of paper upon which anything may be written2 a mould of clay upon which any impression may be made2 a block of stone in which the teacher1 like the famous sculptor of old1 sees1 in his poetic vision1 an angel1 and then chips and hacks until that angel stands revealed4 ,the theory is absurdly and dangerously fallacious4 ,paper and clay are not living organisms2 the orator is not the statue chiselled from the rough stone of human nature1 or1 if the teacher succeeds in so far perverting nature as to hack and trim a human organism into the semblance of a statue1 the product of his work will stand forth a living illustration of the difference between the genuine and the spurious4 ,the stone has no life4 ,life must be breathed into it1 and the sculptor may breathe into it such life as he chooses4 ,the gardener1 on the other hand1 must obey the laws of the life of the plant he nurtures4 ,he must so direct the forces of nature as to help its inherent tendencies4 ,a certain line of growth is written in the structure of every species of plant4 ,the plant may be hindered or perverted in its development2 it may be killed1 but it cannot be made to grow into the form of another plant4 ,the progress of the human mind can be illustrated only by that which is vital1 not by anything mechanical4 ,mind reacts upon whatever is given to it according to the divine laws of its own organism4 ,the human mind1 like the plant1 must exhibit vitality in abundance before it finds a higher and more complex manifestation4 ,the unskilled teacher1 instead of inviting out the young pupil along the line of his own organism1 may1 at the outset1 paralyze the unfolding mind by ill-advised dictation4 ,there can be no true teaching which does not involve growing1 and growing in the way intended by nature4 ,the teacher must be something more than a critic4 ,the critic establishes criteria1 protects the public1 and1 in a measure1 educates the public taste4 ,when he is able to teach others how to reach true criteria he becomes a teacher4 ,until he can do this he has no place in the class room4 ,it will be observed that the four volumes of the ,evolution of ,expression recognize the four general stages of man's development3 ,volume ,i41 representing the period when the individual is engrossed with subjects or objects as a ,whole1 and his passion for life is expressed through rude energy1 size--the ,colossal2 ,volume ,,ii41 when he delights in so presenting ,the ,parts to which he has been attracted1 as to make them ,effective in attracting the attention of others2 ,volume ,,iii41 when his appreciation of the use or ,service of the ,parts carries him beyond the melodramatic to the ,realistic2 and ,volume ,,iv41 in which his dawning perception of that higher service resulting from the truthful ,relationship of the ,parts leads him beyond realism to idealism1 the ,suggestive4 ,in choosing the selections for this and the accompanying volumes1 the aim has been to preserve the natural oneness between the study of literature and that of expression1 and to encourage the appreciation of this unity in the minds of teacher and student4 ,it may be said that the greatest of the world's literature was written for the ear1 not for the eye1 and its noblest influence is felt only when it is adequately voiced by an intelligent and sympathetic reader4 ,it is the object of these volumes to foster in the student a keener and deeper appreciation of the truth and beauty of great prose and verse1 and at the same time to enrich his own and other lives by cultivating the power of expressing the glories which are opened to his vision4 ,the arrangement of the selections is for the purpose of teaching the art of reading according to the steps of natural evolution hinted at in the foregoing pages1 and in a way which experience has found most prolific in practical results4 ,while no effort has been made to search for novelties1 great care has been taken to secure selections which1 while of pure literary merit1 are especially adapted for drill in the several steps of progress in reading4 ,the power developed in the student through carefully directed drill on these selections will enable him to illuminate whatever other literature he may care to interpret4 ,the arrangement of the selections in small divisions or paragraphs has been made for convenience in the work of the class room4 ,the ,evolution of ,expression does not offer art criteria by which the work of an orator is to be measured2 it presents rather a system of education by which one may attain the plane of art in expression4 ,the teacher or student who desires a formulation of laws which afford a standard of art criticism is referred to the four volumes of ,the ,perfective ,laws of ,art1 the text-book succeeding the ,evolution of ,expression4 ,the author wishes to express his sincere gratitude to ,george ,n4 ,morang ,co41 to ,bobbs-,merrill ,company1 and to ,houghton1 ,mifflin ,co41 for their courtesy in allowing him to reprint in this volume selections from their publications4 ,,the ,,whole4 ,,the ,,colossal ,,period4 ,the body is one and hath many members1 and all the members of that one body1 being many1 are one body4--,,st4 ,,paul4 ,how good is man's life1 the mere living6 ,how fit to employ ,all the heart and the soul and the senses forever in joy6 --,,browning4 ,,chapter ,i4 ,,animation4 7,,note4--,let the teacher and student remember that the headings of the chapters name effects rather than causes1 signs rather than things signified4 ,they are not1 therefore1 objects of thought for the student while practising2 they are finger points for the teacher2 the criteria by which he measures his pupil's development47 ,reading is a communication of thought2 a transference of ideas from one mind to other minds so as to influence their thinking in a definite manner4 ,the process is distinctively communicative1 involving two parties1 speaker and audience1 equally indispensable4 ,as well might the student of manual training attempt his work without materials1 to paint without paper or canvas1 carve without wood or stone1 model without clay1 as the student of expression to read or speak without an audience4 ,for this reason in all his private practice as well as class drill1 the student should hold in mind an audience to whom he directs his attention4 ,the office of the teacher is to hold constantly before the pupil these two mental concepts1 his thought and his audience1 or his thought in relation to his audience4 ,the pupil must be taught to respond to the author's thought as to his own1 and at the same time he must be inspired with the desire to give that thought to others4 ,in his endeavor to awaken other minds his own will be quickened4 ,this mental quickening reports itself in animation of voice and manner4 ,herein is illustrated a fundamental law of development2 what we earnestly attempt to do for another that we actually do for ourselves4 ,the constant endeavor of the teacher1 therefore1 must be to inspire the pupil to serve his audience through truth1 the truth of his discourse4 ,his attempt to gain the attention of his hearers and to concentrate their minds on this truth will secure such concentration of his own mind as will stimulate his interest1 and interest is always vital4 ,let no one mistake loudness for animation4 ,a whisper may be more vital1 more animated than a shout4 ,the slightest quiver of a muscle may reveal greater intensity of thought than the most violent gesticulation4 ,yet since freedom and abandon of the agents of expression are necessary to their perfect service1 let the teacher invite that freedom and abandon without fear of sacrificing good taste4 ,he is not to be regarded as an artist yet2 nor is it now profitable to measure him by the criteria of art4 ,let the form of his expression be as crude as it may1 only let it be born of the thought4 ,the student is learning to think on his feet2 and the act of mental concentration upon his author's thought in relation to his audience is not at first a simple task4 ,do not hurry him in his development4 ,remember that expression to be truthful1 must be spontaneous4 ,the teacher needs only to hold the right objects of thought before the pupil's mind1 then stand aside and let him grow in nature's own way4 ,no thought of the ,,how should be allowed to enter the student's mind while he is speaking1 it is only the ,,what that concerns him4 ,form is born of spirit2 the letter killeth1 but the spirit giveth life4 ,the requirement of the present chapter is met when the student is able to fix the attention of those who listen upon the central idea or theme of the selection4 ,the ,,whole or unit of thought should be held before the pupil's mind1 and by him1 before the mind of the audience1 attention not yet being directed specifically to ,,parts4 ,,analysis4 ,the basis of intelligent vocal interpretation of literature is careful analysis4 ,one cannot express shades of meaning that are not in the mind2 until one clearly perceives the motives and relationships of the selection1 he cannot reflect them to others4 ,too much cannot be said upon the importance of thorough thought and study of a selection previous to any effort toward expression4 ,it is needless to explain that one cannot give what he does not possess2 and it is equally self-evident that one gains by giving4 ,long and thoughtful quiescent concentration should precede the concentration of mind while speaking4 ,the author's words are like a gold mine which must be searched by thorough digging for the nuggets of thought beneath4 ,the pupil must live with his author1 see through his eyes1 think with his intellect1 feel with his heart1 and choose with his will1 picturing to himself every scene1 putting himself in the place of every character described4 ,like every organism every true work of art has organic unity2 it represents a unit of thought1 the ,,whole1 made up of essential ,,parts4 ,each part is a part of the whole1 because in its own way it reflects the whole4 ,the perfect unity of an organism or of a work of art results from the service rendered by each part to every other part4 ,here1 then1 is the logical order of analysis3 first1 the ,,whole or unit of thought2 second1 the ,,parts2 third1 the ,,service1 ,,or ,,the ,,use ,,of ,,the ,,parts2 fourth1 the ,,relationship ,,of ,,the ,,parts which is the highest service and results in revelation4 ,in determining this higher service we are reconstructing our whole from the unit of the selection to the revelation of truth resulting from the relationship of parts2 the analysis must culminate in synthesis1 else it would defeat its purpose4 ,the end of literature1 as in other forms of art1 is revelation4 ,the end of analysis is to lead to the perception of this revelation4 ,in the earlier stages of development the pupil's attention should not be directed toward minute analysis4 ,at this period his mind is engrossed with the principal thought or unit of the composition1--the dominant theme which is developed in every organic literary composition4 ,let his mind rest upon this until he lives in the spirit of the theme through a passion for reflecting it to others4 ,inasmuch as an attempt to define always limits1 it is a question how far it will be profitable to formulate definite statements of the whole1 parts1 etc4 ,written expression1 as well as oral1 is individual4 ,each pupil may have a different formulation4 ,inasmuch1 however1 as every author is possessed by a definite purpose1 we may suggest1 for the guidance of the student1 a tentative analysis of a selection which may aid him in reflecting its truth to an audience4 ,it is hoped that this brief study of one selection from each chapter may be acceptable as a working basis1 a hint of the logical method of procedure rather than an arbitrary model4 ,the elaboration of these principles is without limit and must be left to the teacher4 ,it is the purpose here to give only simple statements intended to be suggestive rather than final4 ,example3 ,the ,cheerful ,locksmith4 7,page #df47 ,the ,unit1 or ,whole for working basis3 ,the character of the ,cheerful ,locksmith4 ,the ,parts3 7a7 ,the sound he makes4 ,paragraphs #a1 #b1 #c1 #g4 7#f7 ,his personal appearance4 ,paragraph #d4 7c7 ,the appearance of objects around him4 ,paragraphs #e1 #f4 ,the ,service of the ,parts3 7a7 ,serves the ,whole by engaging the interest at once in the ,cheerful ,locksmith1 whom it introduces1 and whose nature it reflects4 7b7 ,serves by presenting a definite picture of him1 radiating cheer4 7c7 ,serves by revealing further his cheerful personality through its effect upon surrounding objects4 ,the ,relationship of the ,parts3 7a7 ,foreshadows 7b7 and 7c74 7b7 ,fulfils the expectation awakened in 7a7 and helps to prepare the mind for 7c74 7c7 ,is a natural outgrowth from 7a7 and 7b74 ,synthesis3 ,the revelation of truth through these relationships gives us a ,new ,whole which maybe stated thus3 ,the spirit of cheerfulness1 radiating from the ,locksmith's personality and expressed through his work1 is reflected by all around him4 ,the above analysis is suggested as a guide for study4 ,a tentative analysis of each selection might be offered here2 but it is better that the student develop his own powers of discrimination by doing this preliminary work himself1 directed1 as far as necessary1 by the teacher4 ,however1 it is not essential that a formal analysis of every selection be made2 indeed1 as has been already implied1 minute analysis may even defeat the end of these opening chapters4 ,the question of formal analysis may be left to the discretion of the teacher1 who must determine how far it serves his purpose in each individual instance4 ,the criterion of ,chapter ,i4 does not demand an interpretation based upon the complete analysis given above1 which is intended as an illustration of all analysis2 if all the relationships suggested above be reflected through an oral reading of ,the ,cheerful ,locksmith1 the reader has attained the steps of development embodied in ,volume ,,iv4 ,however1 in drill on the selections in ,volume ,i41 the teacher should never think of limiting the pupil to the significance of that volume2 every student should be encouraged to reflect as much of the truth1 literal and suggestive1 as his degree of discernment and of freedom will allow4 ,the immediate aim of drill on ,the ,cheerful ,locksmith should be a hearty response to the spirit of the ,whole1 however much beyond that may be achieved4 ,the student must be inspired by an ardent desire to awaken the interest of his audience in ,the ,cheerful ,locksmith1 as does one who through introductory remarks presents the speaker of the evening4 ,it is to be thoughtfully noted that all the selections in this and the three succeeding chapters have been chosen for their easy adaptability to use in the first natural period of art-- expression1 the ,colossal period4 ,they are selections with an easily distinguishable theme4 ,throughout these chapters the mind of the student should be engaged with the motif of the selection as it first catches the mind4 ,nothing in later study can make up for the loss of the first glow1 the undefined answering response to the animating spirit of a writer's message4 ,his differentiated meanings1 his elaborations of theme for the purpose of increased force1 intensity or suggestion are but useless lumber to a mind that has not throbbed in sympathy1 scarce knowing why4 ,it is just here that almost all teaching in both literature and its expression fails2 there is not enough browsing--knee-deep1 waist- deep1--for the pure joy of it4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,smoothness4 ,at first1 the student may find it difficult to concentrate the minds of his hearers upon his theme steadily and continuously4 ,his ability to do this may come spasmodically4 ,this irregular mental activity reports itself in unevenness of delivery2 life appears in gleams not in steady shining4 ,but with continued effort to concentrate other minds upon his subject1 this unevenness gives place to ease in delivery1 to smoothness of voice4 ,continuity of thought impels smoothness of expression4 ,when a thought is held steadily in the mind of the pupil1 together with a dominating purpose to communicate that thought to others1 the tones of his voice become evenly sustained and smooth4 ,smoothness may be said to result from a sense of oneness with the audience4 ,so long as there is a gulf between the speaker and audience1 there is conscious and apparent effort in the address4 ,it is a growing love1 a vital sympathy with the audience that manifests itself in smoothness4 ,this second step grows in natural sequence out of the first4 ,out of the abundance of life comes sweetness4 ,in all the successive steps of the pupil's evolution1 he is constantly to add1 never to discard or lay aside any power previously gained4 ,rather than outgrow it1 he will grow in it4 ,all that he will outgrow will be his faults1 his mannerisms1 his limitations4 ,as he gains freedom1 transcending limitations1 his mannerisms will fall away from him2 he need never be made conscious that he has had them4 ,analysis4 ,example1 ,the ,village ,preacher4 ,the ,unit1 or ,working ,whole3 ,a village preacher who radiates the spirit of love4 ,the student's endeavor must be to reflect continuously the overflowing love of the preacher's nature1 which blessed all with whom he came in contact4 ,the audience should feel the presence of the great-hearted man throughout the reading of the entire selection1 even when he is not described4 ,for instance1 he may be foreshadowed in the introduction4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,volume4 ,out of the effort toward continued concentration is born the perception of values4 ,dwelling upon the thought and striving to hold it steadily in the minds of those who listen1 the pupil begins to perceive its greater value1 and to realize that the expression of this value will aid him in holding the attention of his audience4 ,his will becomes more definitely aroused4 ,feeling his new power1 he should be inspired to direct it definitely toward his hearers4 ,this new element of will directed through the perception of value expresses itself in the added quality called volume of voice4 ,here1 as everywhere1 the discernment of the teacher must be relied upon to detect the difference between true and mechanical expression4 ,failure on the part of the pupil to perceive what is desired may lead him to offer1 as a counterfeit of volume1 force or loudness4 ,volume of voice1 free from both1 is the expression of the growing appreciation of values4 ,analysis4 ,example3 ,spartacus to the ,gladiators4 ,the ,unit1 or ,whole3 ,the personality of ,spartacus revealed through his effort to inspire his fellows with the spirit of liberty4 ,the theme which ,spartacus presents is of universal value--the spirit of liberty1 dear to all mankind4 ,this value must be realized by the student1 who must make the effort of ,spartacus his own effort1 throughout the entire selection4 ,the value of the theme must be behind every spoken word1 felt1 if not uttered4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,forming ,,the ,,elements4 ,the life manifested in the three previous chapters now begins to take more definite thought form4 ,the intellect seeing more clearly1 appeals to the intellects of those who listen that they may think with greater sharpness and distinctness the thoughts presented4 ,by aiming to present these thoughts so as to be clearly understood1 distinctness and precision of utterance are gained4 ,the elements of speech become more perfectly and beautifully chiseled4 ,thus keener thinking and greater care in presentation serve in forming the elements and perfecting the articulation1 which need not be made a matter of mechanical drill4 ,careless enunciation1 which so mars the beauty of a speaker's discourse1 is usually due to careless thinking4 ,clear speaking comes from clear thinking4 ,exceptional cases of long confirmed bad habits1 faultily trained ears1 or defects in the vocal apparatus1 sometimes make technical drill to meet individual cases1 a necessary supplement to the persistent practice in earnest revelation of thought4 ,but in ordinary cases the speaker's endeavor to impress his hearers with the parts which make up his discourse will result1 in due time1 in accurate1 distinct articulation4 ,with continued practice this perfection of speech will become habitual4 ,spirit moulds form2 this law cannot be overemphasized4 ,in this new stage of the pupil's development1 as always1 the desired result proceeds as an effect from an inner psychological cause2 it is a natural and spontaneous outgrowth1 rather than a dull and lifeless form4 ,analysis4 ,example3 ,the ,song of the ,rain4 ,,unit1 ,,or ,,whole3 ,the beneficence of rain after a drought4 ,here the student should hold the attention of the audience upon the distinct features of the picture presented4 ,he should make his hearers see and enjoy the rain and appreciate the response of nature and of people to its refreshing influence4 ,,chapter ,i ,,animation4 ,,the ,,tea-,,kettle ,,and ,,the ,,cricket4 #a4 ,it appeared as if there were a sort of match1 or trial of skill1 you must understand1 between the kettle and the cricket4 ,and this is what led to it1 and how it came about4 #b4 ,the kettle was aggravating and obstinate4 ,it wouldn't allow itself to be adjusted on the top bar2 it wouldn't hear of accommodating itself kindly to the knobs of coal2 it would lean forward with a drunken air1 and dribble--a very idiot of a kettle --on the hearth4 ,it was quarrelsome1 and hissed and sputtered morosely at the fire4 #c4 ,to sum up all1 the lid1 resisting ,mrs4 ,peerybingle's fingers1 first of all turned topsy-turvy1 and then1 with an ingenious pertinacity deserving of a better cause1 dived sideways in1 down to the very bottom of the kettle2 and the hull of the ,royal ,george has never made half of the monstrous resistance in coming out of the water which the lid of the kettle employed against ,mrs4 ,peerybingle before she got it up again4 #d4 ,it looked sullen and pig-headed enough1 even then1 carrying its handle with an air of defiance1 and cocking its spout pertly and mockingly at ,mrs4 ,peerybingle1 as if it said1 i won't boil4 ,nothing shall induce me6 #e4 ,but ,mrs4 ,peerybingle1 with restored good-humor1 dusted her chubby little hands against each other1 and sat down before the kettle laughing4 ,meantime the jolly blaze uprose and fell1 flashing and gleaming on the little haymaker at the top of the ,dutch clock1 until one might have thought he stood stock still before the ,moorish palace1 and nothing was in motion but the flame4 #f4 ,now it was1 observe1 that the kettle began to spend the evening4 ,now it was that the kettle1 growing mellow and musical1 began to have irrepressible gurglings in the throat1 and to indulge in short vocal snorts1 which it checked in the bud1 as if it hadn't quite made up its mind yet to be good company4 ,now it was that1 after two or three such vain attempts to stifle its convivial sentiments1 it threw off all moroseness1 all reserve1 and burst into a stream of song so cozy and hilarious as never maudlin nightingale yet formed the least idea of4 #g4 ,so plain1 too6 ,bless you1 you might have understood it like a book2 better than some books you and ,i could name1 perhaps4 ,with its warm breath gushing forth in a light cloud1 which merrily and gracefully ascended a few feet1 then hung about the chimney corner1 as its own domestic heaven1 it trolled its song with that strong energy of cheerfulness that its iron body hummed and stirred upon the fire2 and the lid itself1 the recently rebellious lid--such is the influence of a bright example--performed a sort of jig1 and clattered like a deaf and dumb young cymbal that had never known the use of its twin brother4 #h4 ,that this song of the kettle's was a song of invitation and welcome to somebody out of doors1 to somebody at that moment coming on towards the snug1 small home and the crisp fire1 there is no doubt whatever4 ,mrs4 ,peerybingle knew it perfectly1 as she sat musing before the hearth4 #i4 ,it's a dark night1 sang the kettle1 and the rotten leaves are lying by the way1 and above all is mist and darkness1 and below all is mire and clay1 and there's only one relief in all the sad and murky air2 and ,i don't know that it is one1 for its nothing but a glare of deep and angry crimson1 where the sun and wind together set a brand upon the clouds1 for being guilty of such weather2 and the widest open country is a long1 dull streak of black2 and there's hoar-frost on the finger-post1 and thaw upon the track2 and the ice isn't water1 and the water isn't free2 and you couldn't say that anything is what it ought to be2 but he's coming1 coming1 coming6-- #aj4 ,and here1 if you like1 the cricket did chime in with chirrup1 chirrup1 chirrup of such magnitude1 by way of chorus1 with a voice so astoundingly disproportionate to its size1 as compared with the kettle 7size1 you couldn't see it67--that if it had then and there burst itself1 like an overcharged gun1 if it had fallen a victim on the spot1 and chirruped its little body into fifty pieces1 it would have seemed a natural and inevitable consequence1 for which it had expressly labored4 #aa4 ,the kettle had had the last of its solo performances4 ,it persevered with undiminished ardor2 but the cricket took first fiddle1 and kept it4 ,good heaven1 how it chirped6 ,its shrill1 sharp1 piercing voice resounded through the house1 and seemed to twinkle in the outer darkness like a star4 #ab4 ,there was an indescribable little thrill and tremble in it1 at its loudest1 which suggested its being carried off its legs1 and made to leap again1 by its own intense enthusiasm4 ,yet they went very well together1 the cricket and the kettle4 ,the burden of the song was still the same2 and louder1 louder1 louder still they sang it in their emulation4 #ac4 ,there was all the excitement of a race about it4 ,chirp1 chirp1 chirp6 cricket a mile ahead4 ,hum1 hum1 hum--m--m6 kettle making play in the distance1 like a great top4 ,chirp1 chirp1 chirp6 cricket round the corner4 ,hum1 hum1 hum-m-m6 kettle sticking to him in his own way2 no idea of giving in4 ,chirp1 chirp1 chirp1 cricket fresher than ever4 ,hum1 hum1 hum-m-m6 kettle slow and steady4 ,chirp1 chirp1 chirp6 cricket going in to finish him4 ,hum1 hum1 hum-m-m6 kettle not to be finished4 #ad4 ,until at last they got so jumbled together1 in the hurry- scurry1 helter-skelter of the match1 that whether the kettle chirped and the cricket hummed1 or the cricket chirped and the kettle hummed1 or they both chirped and both hummed1 it would have taken a clearer head than yours or mine to have decided with certainty4 #ae4 ,of this there is no doubt2 that the kettle and the cricket1 at one and the same moment1 and by some power of amalgamation best known to themselves1 sent each his fireside song of comfort streaming into a ray of the candle that shone out through the window1 and a long way down the lane4 ,and this light1 bursting on a certain person1 who1 on the instant1 approached towards it through the gloom1 expressed the whole thing to him literally in a twinkling1 and cried1 ,welcome home1 old fellow6 welcome home1 my boy6 ,this end attained1 the kettle1 being dead beat1 boiled over1 and was taken off the fire4 ,,charles ,,dickens4 ,,the ,,pied ,,piper ,,of ,,hamelin4 ,i4 ,hamelin ,town's in ,brunswick1 ,by famous ,hanover city2 ,the river ,weser1 deep and wide1 ,washes its wall on the southern side2 ,a pleasanter spot you never spied2 ,but1 when begins my ditty1 ,almost five hundred years ago1 ,to see the townsfolk suffer so ,from vermin was a pity4 ,,ii4 ,rats6 ,they fought the dogs1 and killed the cats1 ,and bit the babies in the cradles1 ,and ate the cheeses out of the vats1 ,and licked the soup from the cook's own ladles1 ,split open the kegs of salted sprats1 ,made nests inside men's ,sunday hats1 ,and even spoiled the women's chats1 ,by drowning their speaking ,with shrieking and squeaking ,in fifty different sharps and flats4 ,,iii4 ,at last the people in a body ,to the ,town ,hall came flocking2 ,tis clear1 cried they1 our ,mayor's a noddy2 ,and as for our ,corporation1--shocking ,to think we buy gowns lined with ermine ,for dolts that can't or won't determine ,what's best to rid us of our vermin6 ,you hope1 because you're old and obese1 ,to find in the furry1 civic robe ease8 ,rouse up1 sirs6 ,give your brains a racking1 ,to find the remedy we're lacking1 ,or1 sure as fate1 we'll send you packing6 ,,iv4 ,at this the ,mayor and ,corporation ,quaked with a mighty consternation4 ,an hour they sat in council4 ,at length the ,mayor broke silence3 ,for a guilder ,i'd my ermine gown sell2 ,i wish ,i were a mile hence4 ,it's easy to bid one rack one's brain1 ,i'm sure my poor head aches again1 ,i scratched it so1 and all in vain4 ,oh1 for a trap1 a trap1 a trap6 ,just as he said this1 what should hap ,at the chamber door but a gentle tap4 ,bless us6 cried the ,mayor1 what's that8 ,anything like the sound of a rat ,makes my heart go pit-a-pat4 ,v4 ,come in1 the ,mayor cried1 looking bigger2 ,and in did come the strangest figure2 ,his queer long coat from heels to head ,was half of yellow and half of red4 ,and he himself was tall and thin1 ,with sharp blue eyes1 each like a pin1 ,and light1 loose hair1 yet swarthy skin-- ,no tuft on cheek1 nor beard on chin1 ,but lips where smiles went out and in1 ,there was no guessing his kith or kin2 ,and nobody could enough admire ,the tall man and his quaint attire4 ,,vi4 ,quoth one1 ,it's as my great-grand-sire1 ,starting up at the trump of ,doom's tone1 ,had walked this way from his painted tomb-stone4 ,he advanced to the council-table3 ,and1 ,please your honors1 said he1 ,i'm able1 ,by means of a secret charm1 to draw ,all creatures living beneath the sun1 ,that creep1 or swim1 or fly1 or run1 ,after me so as you never saw4 ,,vii4 ,and ,i chiefly use my charm ,on creatures that do people harm1-- ,the mole1 and toad1 and newt1 and viper1-- ,and people call me the ,pied ,piper2 ,yet1 said he1 poor ,piper as ,i am1 ,in ,tartary ,i freed the ,cham ,last ,june from his huge swarm of gnats2 ,i eased in ,asia the ,nizam ,of a monstrous brood of vampire-bats2 ,and1 as for what your brain bewilders1 ,if ,i can rid your town of rats1 ,will you give me a thousand guilders8 ,one8 fifty thousand6 was the exclamation ,of the astonished ,mayor and corporation4 ,,viii4 ,into the street the piper stept1 ,smiling first a little smile1 ,as if he knew what magic slept ,in his quiet pipe the while2 ,and ere three shrill notes the pipe uttered1 ,you heard as if an army muttered2 ,and the muttering grew to a grumbling1 ,and the grumbling grew to a mighty rumbling1 ,and out of the houses the rats came tumbling1-- ,great rats1 small rats1 lean rats1 brawny rats1 ,brown rats1 black rats1 gray rats1 tawny rats1 ,grave old plodders1 gay young friskers1 ,fathers1 mothers1 uncles1 cousins1 ,families by tens and dozens1 ,brothers1 sisters1 husbands1 wives1-- ,followed the piper for their lives4 ,from street to street he piped advancing1 ,and step for step they followed dancing1 ,until they came to the river ,weser1 ,wherein all plunged and perished4 ,,ix4 ,you should have heard the ,hamelin people ,ringing the bells till they rocked the steeple4 ,go1 cried the ,mayor1 get long poles1 ,poke out the nests1 and block up the holes4 ,consult with carpenters and builders1 ,and leave in our town not even a trace ,of the rats4 ,when suddenly up the face ,of the ,piper perked in the market place1 ,with1 ,first1 if you please1 my thousand guilders4 ,a thousand guilders2 the ,mayor looked blue ,and so did the ,corporation1 too4 ,x4 ,beside1 quoth the ,mayor1 with a knowing wink1 ,our business was done at the river brink2 ,we saw with our eyes the vermin sink1 ,and what's dead can't come to life1 ,i think4 ,a thousand guilders8 ,come1 take fifty4 ,the ,piper's face fell1 and he cried1 ,no trifling4 ,folks who put me in a passion ,may find me pipe to another fashion4 ,,xi4 ,once more he stepped into the street ,and to his lips again ,laid his long pipe of smooth1 straight cane2 ,and ere he blew three notes ,there was a rustling that seemed like a bustling1 ,of merry crowds justling at pitching and hustling1 ,small feet were pattering1 wooden shoes clattering1 ,little hands clapping1 and little tongues chattering1 ,and1 like fowls in a barnyard when barley is scattering1 ,out came the children running4 ,all the little boys and girls1 ,with rosy cheeks and flaxen curls1 ,and sparkling eyes and teeth like pearls1 ,tripping and skipping ran merrily after ,the wonderful music--with shouting and laughter4 ,,xii4 ,when1 lo6 as they reached the mountain's side1 ,a wondrous portal opened wide1 ,as if a cavern were suddenly hollowed2 ,and the piper advanced and the children followed1 ,and when all were in to the very last ,the door in the mountain side shut fast4 ,alas1 alas for ,hamelin6 ,,xiii4 ,there came into many a burgher's pate ,a text which says that heaven's gate ,opens to the rich at as easy rate ,as the needle's eye takes the camel in6 ,the mayor sent east1 west1 north1 and south ,to offer the ,piper by word of mouth1 ,wherever it was men's lot to find him1 ,silver and gold to his heart's content1 ,if he'd only return the way he went1 ,and bring the children behind him4 ,but soon they saw 'twas a lost endeavor1 ,and piper and dancers were gone forever4 ,,xiv4 ,and the better in memory to fix ,the place of the children's last retreat1 ,they called it the ,pied ,piper's ,street-- ,where any one playing on pipe or tabor ,was sure for the future to lose his labor4 ,and opposite the place of the cavern ,they wrote the story on a column1 ,and on the great church window painted ,the same1 to make the world acquainted ,how their children were stolen away2 ,and there it stands to this very day4 ,,robert ,,browning4 ,,group ,,of ,,lyrics4 ,,pippa ,,passes4 ,the year's at the spring1 ,and day's at the morn2 ,morning's at seven2 ,the hill-side's dew-pearled2 ,the lark's on the wing2 ,the snail's on the thorn2 ,god's in his heaven-- ,all's right with the world4 ,,robert ,,browning4 ,,the ,,snowdrop4 ,many1 many welcomes ,february fair-maid1 ,ever as of old time1 ,solitary firstling1 ,coming in the cold time1 ,prophet of the gay time1 ,prophet of the ,may time1 ,prophet of the roses1 ,many1 many welcomes ,february fair-maid6 ,,alfred ,,tennyson4 ,,the ,,throstle4 ,i4 ,summer is coming1 summer is coming4 ,i know it1 ,i know it1 ,i know it4 ,light again1 leaf again1 life again1 love again1 ,yes1 my wild little ,poet4 ,,ii4 ,sing the new year in under the blue4 ,last year you sang it as gladly4 ,new1 new1 new1 new6 ,is it then so new ,that you should carol so madly8 ,,iii4 ,love again1 song again1 nest again1 young again1 ,never a prophet so crazy6 ,and hardly a daisy as yet1 little friend1 ,see1 there is hardly a daisy4 ,,iv4 ,here again1 here1 here1 here1 happy year ,o warble unchidden1 unbidden6 ,summer is coming1 is coming1 my dear1 ,and all the winters are hidden4 ,,alfred ,,tennyson ,,one ,,morning1 ,,oh6 ,,so ,,early6 ,i4 ,one morning1 oh6 so early1 my beloved1 my beloved1 ,all the birds were singing blithely1 as if never they would cease2 ',twas a thrush sang in my garden1 ,hear the story1 hear the story6 ,and the lark sang1 ,give us glory6 ,and the dove said1 ,give us peace6 ,,ii4 ,then ,i listened1 oh6 so early1 my beloved1 my beloved1 ,to that murmur from the woodland of the dove1 my dear1 the dove2 ,when the nightingale came after1 ,give us fame to sweeten duty6 ,when the wren sang1 ,give us beauty6 ,she made answer1 ,give us love6 ,,iii4 ,sweet is spring1 and sweet the morning1 my beloved1 my beloved2 ,now for us doth spring1 doth morning1 wait upon the year's increase1 ,and my prayer goes up1 ,oh1 give us1 crowned in youth with marriage glory1 ,give for all our life's dear story1 ,give us love1 and give us peace6 ,,jean ,,ingelow4 ,,freedom4 #a4 ,no quality of ,art has been more powerful in its influence on public mind2 none is more frequently the subject of popular praise1 or the end of vulgar effort1 than what we call ,freedom4 ,it is necessary to determine the justice or injustice of this popular praise4 #b4 ,try to draw a circle with the free hand1 and with a single line4 ,you cannot do it if your hand trembles1 nor if it hesitates1 nor if it is unmanageable1 nor if it is in the common sense of the word free4 ,so far from being free1 it must be under a control as absolute and accurate as if it were fastened to an inflexible bar of steel4 ,and yet it must move1 under this necessary control1 with perfect1 untormented serenity of ease4 #c4 ,i believe we can nowhere find a better type of a perfectly free creature than in the common house-fly4 ,nor free only1 but brave2 and irreverent to a degree which ,i think no human republican could by any philosophy exalt himself to4 ,there is no courtesy in him2 he does not care whether it is king or clown whom he teases2 and in every step of his swift mechanical march1 and in every pause of his resolute observation1 there is one and the same expression of perfect egotism1 perfect independence and self-confidence1 and conviction of the world's having been made for flies4 #d4 ,strike at him with your hand1 and to him1 the mechanical fact and external aspect of the matter is1 what to you it would be if an acre of red clay1 ten feet thick1 tore itself up from the ground in one massive field1 hovered over you in the air for a second1 and came crashing down with an aim4 ,that is the external aspect of it2 the inner aspect1 to his fly's mind1 is of a quite natural and unimportant occurrence--one of the momentary conditions of his active life4 ,he steps out of the way of your hand1 and alights on the back of it4 #e4 ,you cannot terrify him1 nor govern him1 nor persuade him1 nor convince him4 ,he has his own positive opinion on all matters2 not an unwise one1 usually1 for his own ends2 and will ask no advice of yours4 ,he has no work to do--no tyrannical instinct to obey4 ,the earthworm has his digging2 the bee her gathering and building2 the spider her cunning network2 the ant her treasury and accounts4 ,all these are comparatively slaves1 or people of vulgar business4 #f4 ,but your fly1 free in the air1 free in the chamber--a black incarnation of caprice1 wandering1 investigating1 flitting1 flirting1 feasting at his will1 with rich variety of choice in feast1 from the heaped sweets in the grocer's window to those of the butcher's back yard1 and from the galled place on your cab- horse's back1 to the brown spot in the road1 from which1 as the hoof disturbs him1 he rises with angry republican buzz--what freedom is like his8 #g4 ,indeed1 the first point we have all to determine is not how free we are1 but what kind of creatures we are4 ,it is of small importance to any of us whether we get liberty2 but of the greatest that we deserve it4 ,whether we can win it1 fate must determine2 but that we will be worthy of it we may ourselves determine2 and the sorrowfulest fate of all that we can suffer is to have it ,,without deserving it4 #h4 ,i have hardly patience to hold my pen and go on writing1 as ,i remember the infinite follies of modern thought in this matter1 centered in the notion that liberty is good for a man1 irrespectively of the use he is likely to make of it4 ,folly unfathomable6 unspeakable6 ,you will send your child1 will you1 into a room where the table is loaded with sweet wine and fruit-- some poisoned1 some not8--you will say to him1 ,choose freely1 my little child6 ,it is so good for you to have freedom of choice2 it forms your character--your individuality6 ,if you take the wrong cup or the wrong berry1 you will die before the day is over1 but you will have acquired the dignity of a ,free child4 #i4 ,you think that puts the case too sharply8 ,i tell you1 lover of liberty1 there is no choice offered to you1 but it is similarly between life and death4 ,there is no act1 nor option of act1 possible1 but the wrong deed or option has poison in it which will stay in your veins thereafter forever4 ,never more to all eternity can you be as you might have been had you not done that--chosen that4 #aj4 ,you have formed your character1 forsooth6 ,no2 if you have chosen ill1 you have ,de-formed it1 and that forever6 ,in some choices it had been better for you that a red-hot iron bar struck you aside1 scarred and helpless1 than that you had so chosen4 ,you will know better next time6 ,no4 ,next time will never come4 ,next time the choice will be in quite another aspect--between quite different things1--you1 weaker than you were by the evil into which you have fallen2 it1 more doubtful than it was1 by the increased dimness of your sight4 ,no one ever gets wiser by doing wrong1 nor stronger4 ,you will get wiser and stronger only by doing right1 whether forced or not2 the prime1 the one need is to do ,,that1 under whatever compulsion1 until you can do it without compulsion4 ,and then you are a ,man4 #aa4 ,what6 a wayward youth might perhaps answer1 incredulously1 no one ever gets wiser by doing wrong8 ,shall ,i not know the world best by trying the wrong of it1 and repenting8 ,have ,i not1 even as it is1 learned much by many of my errors8 ,indeed1 the effort by which partially you recovered yourself was precious3 that part of your thought by which you discerned the error was precious4 ,what wisdom and strength you kept1 and rightly used1 are rewarded2 and in the pain and the repentance1 and in the acquaintance with the aspects of folly and sin1 you have learned ,,something2 how much less than you would have learned in right paths can never be told1 but that it ,,is less is certain4 #ab4 ,your liberty of choice has simply destroyed for you so much life and strength1 never regainable4 ,it is true1 you now know the habits of swine1 and the taste of husks2 do you think your father could not have taught you to know better habits and pleasanter tastes1 if you had stayed in his house2 and that the knowledge you have lost would not have been more1 as well as sweeter1 than that you have gained8 ,but it so forms my individuality to be free6 ,your individuality was given you by ,god1 and in your race1 and if you have any to speak of1 you will want no liberty4 #ac4 ,in fine1 the arguments for liberty may in general be summed in a few very simple forms1 as follows3 ,misguiding is mischievous3 therefore guiding is4 ,if the blind lead the blind1 both fall into the ditch3 therefore1 nobody should lead anybody4 ,lambs and fawns should be left free in the fields2 much more bears and wolves4 ,if a man's gun and shot are his own1 he may fire in any direction he pleases4 ,a fence across a road is inconvenient2 much more one at the side of it4 ,babes should not be swaddled with their hands bound down to their sides3 therefore they should be thrown out to roll in the kennels naked4 #ad4 ,none of these arguments are good1 and the practical issues of them are worse4 ,for there are certain eternal laws for human conduct which are quite clearly discernible by human reason4 ,so far as these are discovered and obeyed1 by whatever machinery or authority the obedience is procured1 there follow life and strength4 ,so far as they are disobeyed1 by whatever good intention the disobedience is brought about1 there follow ruin and sorrow4 #ae4 ,the first duty of every man in the world is to find his true master1 and1 for his own good1 submit to him2 and to find his true inferior1 and1 for that inferior's good1 conquer him4 ,the punishment is sure1 if we either refuse the reverence1 or are too cowardly and indolent to enforce the compulsion4 ,a base nation crucifies or poisons its wise men1 and lets its fools rave and rot in its streets4 ,a wise nation obeys the one1 restrains the other1 and cherishes all4 ,,john ,,ruskin4 ,a ,,laughing ,,chorus4 ,i4 ,oh1 such a commotion under the ground ,when ,march called ,ho1 there6 ho6 ,such spreading of rootlets far and wide1 ,such whispering to and fro4 ,and ,are you ready8 the ,snowdrop asked2 ',tis time to start1 you know4 ,almost1 my dear1 the ,scilla replied2 ,i'll follow as soon as you go4 ,then1 ,ha6 ha6 ha6 a chorus came ,of laughter soft and low ,from the millions of flowers under the ground-- ,yes--millions--beginning to grow4 ,,ii4 ,i'll promise my blossoms1 the ,crocus said1 ,when ,i hear the bluebirds sing4 ,and straight thereafter ,narcissus cried1 ,my silver and gold ,i'll bring4 ,and ere they are dulled1 another spoke1 ,the ,hyacinth bells shall ring4 ,and the ,violet only murmured1 ,i'm here1 ,and sweet grew the air of spring4 ,then1 ,ha6 ha6 ha6 a chorus came ,of laughter soft and low ,from the millions of flowers under the ground-- ,yes--millions--beginning to grow4 ,,iii4 ,oh1 the pretty1 brave things6 through the coldest days1 ,imprisoned in walls of brown1 ,they never lost heart1 though the blast shrieked loud1 ,and the sleet and the hail came down1 ,but patiently each wrought her beautiful dress1 ,or fashioned her beautiful crown2 ,and now they are coming to brighten the world1 ,still shadowed by winter's frown2 ,and well may they cheerily laugh1 ,ha6 ha6 ,in a chorus soft and low1 ,the millions of flowers hid under the ground-- ,yes--millions--beginning to grow4 ,yes--millions--beginning to grow4 ,,the ,,cheerful ,,locksmith4 #a4 ,from the workshop of the ,golden ,key there issued forth a tinkling sound1 so merry and good-humored that it suggested the idea of some one working blithely1 and made quite pleasant music4 ,tink1 tink1 tink--clear as a silver bell1 and audible at every pause of the streets' harsher noises1 as though it said1 ,i don't care2 nothing puts me out2 ,i am resolved to be happy4 #b4 ,women scolded1 children squalled1 heavy carts went rumbling by1 horrible cries proceeded from the lungs of hawkers2 still it struck in again1 no higher1 no lower1 no louder1 no softer2 not thrusting itself on people's notice a bit the more for having been outdone by louder sounds--tink1 tink1 tink1 tink1 tink4 #c4 ,it was a perfect embodiment of the still1 small voice1 free from all cold1 hoarseness1 huskiness1 or unhealthiness of any kind4 ,foot-passengers slackened their pace1 and were disposed to linger near it2 neighbors who had got up splenetic that morning1 felt good-humor stealing on them as they heard it1 and by degrees became quite sprightly2 mothers danced their babies to its ringing2--still the same magical tink1 tink1 tink came gaily from the workshop of the ,golden ,key4 #d4 ,who but the locksmith could have made such music8 ,a gleam of sun1 shining through the unsashed window and checkering the dark workshop with a broad patch of light1 fell full upon him1 as though attracted by his sunny heart4 ,there he stood working at his anvil1 his face radiant with exercise and gladness1 his sleeves turned up1 his wig pushed off his shining forehead--the easiest1 freest1 happiest man in all the world4 #e4 ,beside him sat a sleek cat1 purring and winking in the light1 and falling every now and then into an idle doze1 as from excess of comfort4 ,the very locks that hung around had something jovial in their rust1 and seemed like gouty gentlemen of hearty natures1 disposed to joke on their infirmities4 #f4 ,there was nothing surly or severe in the whole scene4 ,it seemed impossible that any of the innumerable keys could fit a churlish strong-box or a prison door4 ,storehouses of good things1 rooms where there were fires1 books1 gossip1 and cheering laughter-- these were their proper sphere of action4 ,places of distrust1 and cruelty1 and restraint they would have quadruple-locked forever4 #g4 ,tink1 tink1 tink4 ,no man who hammered on at a dull1 monotonous duty could have brought such cheerful notes from steel and iron2 none but a chirping1 healthy1 honest-hearted fellow1 who made the best of everything and felt kindly towards everybody1 could have done it for an instant4 ,he might have been a coppersmith1 and still been musical4 ,if he had sat in a jolting wagon1 full of rods of iron1 it seemed as if he would have brought some harmony out of it4 ,,charles ,,dickens4 ,,home ,,thoughts1 ,,from ,,abroad4 ,oh1 to be in ,england now that ,april's there1 ,and whoever wakes in ,england sees1 some morning1 unaware1 ,that the lowest boughs and the brush-wood sheaf ,round the elm-tree bole are in tiny leaf1 ,while the chaffinch sings on the orchard bough ,in ,england--now6 ,and after ,april1 when ,may follows ,and the white-throat builds1 and all the swallows6 ,hark1 where my blossomed pear-tree in the hedge ,leans to the field and scatters on the clover ,blossoms and dewdrops--at the bent spray's edge-- ,that's the wise thrush3 he sings each song twice over ,lest you should think he never could recapture ,the first fine careless rapture6 ,and though the fields look rough with hoary dew1 ,all will be gay when noontide wakes anew ,the buttercups1 the little children's dower --,far brighter than this gaudy melon-flower6 ,,eobebt ,,bkowning4 ,,lochinvar4 ,i4 ,oh1 young ,lochinvar is come out of the ,west1-- ,through all the wide border his steed was the best6 ,and1 save his good broadsword1 he weapon had none1-- ,he rode all unarmed1 and he rode all alone4 ,so faithful in love1 and so dauntless in war1 ,there never was knight like the young ,lochinvar4 ,,ii4 ,he stayed not for brake1 and he stopped not for stone2 ,he swam the ,eske river where ford there was none4 ,but1 ere he alighted at ,netherby gate1 ,the bride had consented1 the gallant came late2 ,for a laggard in love and a dastard in war ,was to wed the fair ,ellen of brave ,lochinvar4 ,,iii4 ,so boldly he entered the ,netherby hall1 ',mong bridesmen1 and kinsmen1 and brothers1 and all3 ,then spoke the bride's father1 his hand on his sword 7,for the poor craven bridegroom said never a word71 ,oh1 come ye in peace here1 or come ye in war1 ,or to dance at our bridal1 young ,lord ,lochinvar8 ,,iv4 ,i long wooed your daughter--my suit you denied2 ,love swells like the ,solway1 but ebbs like its tide2 ,and now am ,i come1 with this lost love of mine1 ,to lead but one measure1 drink one cup of wine4 ,there are maidens in ,scotland more lovely by far ,that would gladly be bride to the young ,lochinvar4 ,v4 ,the bride kissed the goblet2 the knight took it up2 ,he quaffed off the wine1 and he threw down the cup4 ,she looked down to blush1 and she looked up to sigh1 ,with a smile on her lip1 and a tear in her eye4 ,he took her soft hand1 ere her mother could bar2 ,now tread we a measure8 said young ,lochinvar4 ,,vi4 ,so stately his form1 and so lovely her face1 ,that never a hall such a galliard did grace2 ,while her mother did fret and her father did fume1 ,and the bridegroom stood dangling his bonnet and plume1 ,and the bride-maidens whispered1 ',twere better by far ,to have matched our fair cousin with young ,lochinvar4 ,,vii4 ,one touch to her hand and one word in her ear1 ,when they reached the hall door1 and the charger stood near2 ,so light to the croup the fair lady he swung1 ,so light to the saddle before her he sprung3 ,she is won6 we are gone6 over bank1 bush1 and scar2 ,they'll have fleet steeds that follow1 quoth young ,lochinvar4 ,,viii4 ,there was mounting'mong ,graemes of the ,netherby clan2 ,forsters1 ,fenwicks1 and ,musgraves1 they rode and they ran2 ,there was racing and chasing on ,cannobie ,lee2 ,but the lost bride of ,netherby ne'er did they see4 ,so daring in love1 and so dauntless in war1 ,have ye e'er heard of gallant like young ,lochinvar8 ,,sir ,,walter ,,scott4 ,,polish ,,war ,,song4 ,i4 ,freedom calls you6 ,quick1 be ready1-- ,rouse ye in the name of ,god1-- ,onward1 onward1 strong and steady1-- ,dash to earth the oppressor's rod4 ,freedom calls1 ye brave6 ,rise and spurn the name of slave4 ,,ii4 ,grasp the sword6--its edge is keen1 ,seize the gun6--its ball is true3 ,sweep your land from tyrant clean1-- ,haste1 and scour it through and through6 ,onward1 onward6 ,freedom cries1 ,rush to arms1--the tyrant flies4 ,,iii4 ,by the souls of patriots gone1 ,wake1--arise1--your fetters break1 ,kosciusko bids you on1-- ,sobieski cries awake6 ,rise1 and front the despot czar1 ,rise1 and dare the unequal war4 ,,iv4 ,freedom calls you6 ,quick1 be ready1-- ,think of what your sires have been1 ,onward1 onward6 strong and steady1 ,drive the tyrant to his den4 ,on1 and let the watchword be1 ,country1 home1 and liberty6 ,,james ,g4 ,,percival4 ,,chapter ,,ii4 ,,smoothness4 ,,the ,,village ,,preacher4 ,i4 ,sweet was the sound1 when oft1 at evening's close1 ,up yonder hill the village murmur rose2 ,there1 as ,i passed with careless steps and slow1 ,the mingled notes came softened from below2 ,the swain responsive as the milkmaid sung1 ,the sober herd that lowed to meet their young2 ,the noisy geese that gabbled o'er the pool1 ,the playful children just let loose from school2 ,the watchdog's voice that bayed the whispering wind1 ,and the loud laugh that spoke the vacant mind1-- ,these all in sweet confusion sought the shade1 ,and filled each pause the nightingale had made4 ,,ii4 ,near yonder copse where once the garden smiled1 ,and still where many a garden flower grows wild1 ,there1 where a few torn shrubs the place disclose1 ,the village preacher's modest mansion rose4 ,a man he was to all the country dear1 ,and passing rich with forty pounds a year2 ,remote from towns he ran his godly race1 ,nor e'er had changed1 nor wished to change1 his place4 ,unskilful he to fawn1 or seek for power1 ,by doctrines fashioned to the varying hour2 ,far other aims his heart had learned to prize1 ,more bent to raise the wretched than to rise4 ,,iii4 ,his house was known to all the vagrant train2 ,he chid their wanderings1 but relieved their pain2 ,the long-remembered beggar was his guest1 ,whose beard1 descending1 swept his aged breast2 ,the ruined spendthrift1 now no longer proud1 ,claimed kindred there1 and had his claims allowed2 ,the broken soldier1 kindly bade to stay1 ,sat by his fire and talked the night away2 ,wept o'er his wounds1 or1 tales of sorrow done1 ,shouldered his crutch1 and showed how fields were won4 ,pleased with his guests1 the good man learned to glow1 ,and quite forgot their vices in their woe2 ,careless their merits or their faults to scan1 ,his pity gave ere charity began4 ,,iv4 ,thus to relieve the wretched was his pride1 ,and e'en his failings leaned to virtue's side2 ,but in his duty prompt at every call1 ,he watched and wept1 he prayed and felt for all2 ,and1 as a bird each fond endearment tries1 ,to tempt his new-fledged offspring to the skies1 ,he tried each art1 reproved each dull delay1 ,allured to brighter worlds1 and led the way4 ,v4 ,beside the bed where parting life was laid1 ,and sorrow1 guilt1 and pain1 by turns dismayed1 ,the reverend champion stood4 ,at his control ,despair and anguish fled the struggling soul2 ,comfort came down1 the trembling wretch to raise1 ,and his last faltering accents whispered praise4 ,,vi4 ,at church with meek and unaffected grace1 ,his looks adorned the venerable place2 ,truth from his lips prevailed with double sway1 ,and fools who came to scoff remained to pray4 ,the service past1 around the pious man1 ,with ready zeal1 each honest rustic ran2 ,e'en children followed1 with endearing wile1 ,and plucked his gown to share the good man's smile4 ,,vii4 ,his ready smile a parent's warmth expressed2 ,their welfare pleased him1 and their cares distressed2 ,to them his heart1 his love1 his griefs were given1 ,but all his serious thoughts had rest in heaven3 ,as some tall cliff1 that lifts its awful form1 ,swells from the vale1 and midway leaves the storm2 ,though round its breast the rolling clouds are spread1 ,eternal sunshine settles on its head4 ,,oliver ,,goldsmith4 ,,to ,,the ,,daisy4 ,i4 ,with little here to do or see ,of things that in the great world be1 ,sweet ,daisy6 oft ,i talk to thee ,for thou art worthy1 ,thou unassuming ,common-place ,of ,nature1 with that homely face1 ,and yet with something of a grace ,which ,love makes for thee6 ,,ii4 ,oft on the dappled turf at ease ,i sit and play with similes1 ,loose types of things through all degrees1 ,thoughts of thy raising2 ,and many a fond and idle name ,i give to thee1 for praise or blame ,as is the humour of the game1 ,while ,i am gazing4 ,,iii4 ,a nun demure1 of lowly port2 ,or sprightly maiden1 of ,love's court1 ,in thy simplicity the sport ,of all temptations2 ,a queen in crown of rubies drest2 ,a starveling in a scanty vest2 ,are all1 as seems to suit thee best1 ,thy appellations4 ,,iv4 ,a little ,cyclops1 with one eye ,staring to threaten and defy1 ,that thought comes next--and instantly ,the freak is over1 ,the shape will vanish1 and behold6 ,a silver shield with boss of gold ,that spreads itself1 some faery bold ,in fight to cover4 ,v4 ,i see thee glittering from afar-- ,and then thou art a pretty star1 ,not quite so fair as many are ,in heaven above thee6 ,yet like a star1 with glittering crest1 ,self-poised in air thou seem'st to rest2-- ,may peace come never to his nest ,who shall reprove thee6 ,,vi4 ,sweet ,flower6 for by that name at last ,when all my reveries are past ,i call thee1 and to that cleave fast1 ,sweet silent ,creature6 ,that breath'st with me in sun and air1 ,do thou1 as thou art wont1 repair ,my heart with gladness1 and a share ,of thy meek nature6 ,,william ,,wobdsworth4 ,,psalm ,,xxiii4 #a4 ,the ,lord is my shepherd2 ,i shall not want4 ,he maketh me to lie down in green pastures3 he leadeth me beside the still waters4 #b4 ,he restoreth my soul3 he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake4 ,yea1 though ,i walk through the valley of the shadow of death1 ,i will fear no evil3 for thou art with me2 thy rod and thy staff they comfort me4 #c4 ,thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies3 thou anointest my head with oil2 my cup runueth over4 ,surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life3 and ,i will dwell in the house of the ,lord forever4 ,,extract ,,from ,,eulogy ,,on ,,wendell ,,phillips4 #a4 ,like other gently nurtured ,boston boys1 ,phillips began the study of law2 and1 as it proceeded1 doubtless the sirens sang to him1 as to the noble youth of every country and time4 ,if1 musing over ,coke and ,blackstone1 in the full consciousness of ample powers and of fortunate opportunities1 he sometimes forecast the future1 he doubtless saw himself succeeding ,fisher ,ames1 and ,harrison ,gray ,otis1 and ,daniel ,webster1 rising from the bar to the ,legislature1 from the ,legislature to the ,senate1 from the ,senate-- who knew whither8--the idol of society1 the applauded orator1 the brilliant champion of the elegant repose and the cultivated conservatism of ,massachusetts4 #b4 ,the delight of social ease1 the refined enjoyment of taste in letters and art1 opulent leisure1 professional distinction1 gratified ambition--all these came and whispered to the young student4 ,and it is the force that can tranquilly put aside such blandishments with a smile1 and accept alienation1 outlawry1 ignominy1 and apparent defeat1 if need be1 no less than the courage which grapples with poverty and outward hardship and climbs over them to worldly prosperity1 which is the test of the finest manhood4 ,only he who fully knows the worth of what he renounces gains the true blessing of renunciation4 #c4 ,when he first spoke at ,faneuil ,hall some of the most renowned ,american orators were still in their prime4 ,webster and ,clay were in the ,senate1 ,choate at the bar1 ,edward ,everett upon the academic platform4 ,from all these orators ,phillips differed more than they differed from each other4 ,behind ,webster1 and ,everett1 and ,clay there was always a great organized party or an entrenched conservatism of feeling and opinion4 ,they spoke accepted views4 ,they moved with masses of men1 and were sure of the applause of party spirit1 of political tradition1 and of established institutions4 ,phillips stood alone4 #d4 ,with no party behind him and appealing against established order and acknowledged tradition1 his speech was necessarily a popular appeal for a strange and unwelcome cause1 and the condition of its success was that it should both charm and rouse the hearer1 while1 under cover of the fascination1 the orator unfolded his argument and urged his plea4 ,this condition the genius of the orator instinctively perceived1 and it determined the character of his discourse4 #e4 ,he faced his audience with a tranquil mien and a beaming aspect that was never dimmed4 ,he spoke1 and in the measured cadence of his quiet voice there was intense feeling1 but no declamation1 no passionate appeal1 no superficial and feigned emotion4 ,it was simple colloquy--a gentleman conversing4 ,unconsciously and surely1 the ear and heart were charmed4 ,how was it done8 ,ah6 how did ,mozart do it1 how ,raphael8 ,the secret of the rose's sweetness1 of the bird's ecstacy1 of the sunset's glory--that is the secret of genius and of eloquence4 #f4 ,what was heard1 what was seen1 was the form of noble manhood1 the courteous and self-possessed tone1 the flow of modulated speech1 sparkling with matchless richness of illustration1 with apt illusion1 and happy anecdote1 and historic parallel1 with wit and pitiless invective1 with melodious pathos1 with stinging satire1 with crackling epigram and limpid humor1 like the bright ripples that play around the sure and steady prow of the resistless ship4 ,the divine energy of his conviction utterly possessed him1 and his ,pure and eloquent blood ,spoke in his cheek1 and so distinctly wrought ,that one might almost say his body thought4 #g4 ,phillips cherished profound faith in the people1 and because he cherished it he never flattered the mob1 nor hung upon its neck1 nor pandered to its passion1 nor suffered its foaming hate or its exulting enthusiasm to touch the calm poise of his regnant soul4 ,he moved in solitary majesty1 and if from his smooth speech a lightning flash of satire or of scorn struck a cherished lie1 or an honored character1 or a dogma of the party creed1 and the crowd burst into a furious tempest of dissent1 he beat it into silence with uncompromising iteration4 ,if it tried to drown his voice1 he turned to the reporters1 and over the raging tumult calmly said1 ,howl on1 ,i speak to #cj1jjj1jjj here4 #h4 ,there was another power in his speech sharper than in the speech of any other ,american orator1--an unsparing invective4 ,the abolition appeal was essentially iconoclastic1 and the method of a reformer at close quarters with a mighty system of wrong cannot be measured by the standards of cool and polite debate4 ,phillips did not shrink from the sternest denunciation1 or ridicule or scorn1 of those who seemed to him recreant to freedom and humanity4 ,the idols of a purely conventional virtue he delighted to shatter1 because no public enemy seemed to him more deadly than the ,american who made moral cowardice respectable4 #i4 ,he knew that his ruthless words closed to him homes of friendship and hearts of sympathy4 ,he saw the amazement1 he heard the condemnation2 but1 like the great apostle preaching ,christ1 he knew only humanity and humanity crucified4 ,tongue of the dumb1 eyes of the blind1 feet of the impotent1 his voice alone1 among the voices that were everywhere heard and heeded1 was sent by ,god to challenge every word1 or look1 or deed that seemed to him possibly to palliate oppression or to comfort the oppressor4 #aj4 ,i am not here to declare that the judgment of ,wendell ,phillips was always sound1 nor his estimate of men always just1 nor his policy always approved by the event4 ,i am not here to eulogize the mortal1 but the immortal4 #aa4 ,the plain house in which he lived--severely plain1 because the welfare of the suffering and the slave were preferred to book1 and picture1 and every fair device of art2 the house to which the north star led the trembling fugitive1 and which the unfortunate and the friendless knew--the radiant figure passing swiftly through these streets1 plain as the house from which it came1 regal with1 a royalty beyond that of kings--the ceaseless charity untold--the strong1 sustaining heart--the sacred domestic affection that must not here be named--the eloquence which1 like the song of ,orpheus1 will fade from living memory into a doubtful tale--the surrender of ambition1 the consecration of a life hidden with ,god in sympathy with man--these1 all these1 will live among your immortal traditions1 heroic even in your heroic story4 #ab4 ,but not yours alone4 ,as years go by1 and only the large outlines of lofty ,american characters and careers remain1 the wide republic will confess the benediction of a life like this1 and gladly own that if with perfect faith1 and hope assured1 ,america would still stand and bid the distant generations hail1 the inspiration of her national life must be the sublime moral courage1 the all-embracing humanity1 the spotless integrity1 the absolutely unselfish devotion of great powers to great public ends1 which were the glory of ,wendell ,phillips4 ,,george ,,william ,,curtis4 ,,the ,,brook4 ,i4 ,i come from haunts of coot and hern1 ,i make a sudden sally1 ,and sparkle out among the fern1 ,to bicker down a valley4 ,,ii4 ,by thirty hills ,i hurry down1 ,or slip between the ridges2 ,by twenty thorps1 a little town1 ,and half a hundred bridges4 ,,iii4 ,i chatter over stony ways1 ,in little sharps and trebles1 ,i bubble into eddying bays1 ,i babble on the pebbles4 ,,iv4 ,with many a curve my banks ,i fret ,by many a field and fallow1 ,and many a fairy foreland set ,with willow-weed and mallow4 ,v4 ,i chatter1 chatter1 as ,i flow ,to join the brimming river1 ,for men may come1 and men may go1 ,but ,i go on for ever4 ,,vi4 ,i wind about1 and in and out1 ,with here a blossom sailing1 ,and here and there a lusty trout1 ,and here and there a grayling4 ,,vii4 ,and here and there a foamy flake ,upon me as ,i travel1 ,with many a silvery water-break ,above the golden gravel4 ,,viii4 ,i steal by lawns and grassy plots1 ,i slide by hazel covers1 ,i move the sweet forget-me-nots ,that grow for happy lovers4 ,,ix4 ,i slip1 ,i slide1 ,i gloom1 ,i glance1 ,among my skimming swallows2 ,i make the netted sunbeam dance ,against my sandy shallows4 ,x4 ,i murmur1 under moon and stars ,in brambly wildernesses1 ,i linger by my shingly bars1 ,i loiter round my cresses4 ,,xi4 ,and out again ,i curve and flow ,to join the brimming river2 ,for men may come and men may go1 ,but ,i go on for ever4 ,,alfred ,,tennyson4 ,,old ,,aunt ,,mary',s4 ,wasn't it pleasant1 ,o1 brother mine1 ,in those old days of the lost sunshine ,of youth--when the ,saturday's chores were through1 ,and the ,sunday's wood in the kitchen1 too1 ,and we went visiting1 me and you1 ,out to ,old ,aunt ,mary's8 ,it all comes back so clear to-day6 ,though ,i am as bald as you are gray-- ,out by the barn-lot1 and down the lane1 ,we patter along in the dust again1 ,as light as the tips of the drops of the rain1 ,out to ,old ,aunt ,mary's6 ,we cross the pasture1 and through the wood ,where the old gray snag of the poplar stood1 ,where the hammering red-heads hopped awry1 ,and the buzzard raised in the clearing sky1 ,and lolled and circled1 as we went by ,out to ,old ,aunt ,mary's4 ,and then in the dust of the road again2 ,and the teams we met1 and the countrymen2 ,and the long highway1 with sunshine spread ,as thick as butter on country bread1 ,our cares behind1 and our hearts ahead ,out to ,old ,aunt ,mary's4 ,why1 ,i see her now in the open door1 ,where the little gourds grew up the sides and o'er ,the clapboard roof6--,and her face--ah1 me6 ,wasn't it good for a boy to see ,out to ,old ,aunt ,mary's8 ,and1 ,o1 my brother1 so far away1 ,this is to tell you she waits to-day ,to welcome us3--,aunt ,mary fell ,asleep this morning1 whispering1 ,tell ,the boys to come6 ,and all is well ,out to ,old ,aunt ,mary's4 ,,james ,,whitcomb ,,riley4 ,,child ,,verse4 ,,my ,,shadow4 ,i have a little shadow that goes in and out with me1 ,and what can be the use of him is more than ,i can see4 ,he is very1 very like me from the heels up to the head2 ,and ,i see him jump before me1 when ,i jump into my bed4 ,the funniest thing about him is the way he likes to grow-- ,not at all like proper children which is always very slow2 ,for he sometimes shoots up taller like an india-rubber ball1 ,and he sometimes gets so little that there's none of him at all4 ,he hasn't got a notion of how children ought to play1 ,and can only make a fool of me in every sort of way4 ,he stays so close beside me1 he's a coward you can see2 ,i'd think shame to stick to nursie as that shadow sticks to me6 ,one morning very early1 before the sun was up1 ,i rose and found the shining dew on every buttercup2 ,but my lazy little shadow1 like an arrant sleepy-head1 ,had stayed at home behind me1 and was fast asleep in bed4 ,,the ,,swing4 ,how do you like to go up in a swing1 ,up in the air so blue8 ,oh1 ,i do think it the pleasantest thing ,ever a child can do6 ,up in the air and over the wall1 ,till ,i can see so wide1 ,rivers and trees and cattle and all ,over the country side4 ,till ,i look down on the garden green1 ,down on the roof so brown-- ,up in the air ,i go flying again1 ,up in the air and down6 ,,the ,,lamplighter4 ,my tea is nearly ready and the sun has left the sky2 ,it's time to take the window to see ,leerie going by2 ,for every night at teatime and before you take your seat1 ,with lantern and with ladder he comes posting up the street4 ,now ,tom would be a driver1 and ,maria go to sea1 ,and my papa's a banker and as rich as he can be2 ,but ,i1 when ,i am stronger and can choose what ,i'm to do1 ,o ,leerie1 ,i'll go round at night and light the lamps with you6 ,for we are very lucky1 with a lamp before the door1 ,and ,leerie stops to light it as he lights so many more2 ,and ,oh1 before you hurry by with ladder and with light1 ,o ,leerie1 see a little child and nod to him to-night6 ,,robert ,,louis ,,stevenson4 ,,waiting4 ,serene1 ,i fold my hands and wait1 ,nor care for wind1 or tide1 or sea2 ,i rave no more 'gainst time or fate1 ,for lo6 my own shall come to me4 ,i stay my haste1 ,i make delays1 ,for what avails this eager pace8 ,i stand amid the eternal ways1 ,and what is mine shall know my face1 ,asleep1 awake1 by night or day1 ,the friends ,i seek are seeking me2 ,no wind can drive my bark astray1 ,nor change the tide of destiny4 ,what matter if ,i stand alone8 ,i wait with joy the coming years2 ,my heart shall reap where it has sown1 ,and garner up its fruit of tears4 ,the waters know their own1 and draw ,the brook that springs in yonder height2 ,so flows the good with equal law ,unto the soul of pure delight4 ,the stars come nightly to the sky2 ,the tidal wave unto the sea2 ,nor time1 nor space1 nor deep1 nor high1 ,can keep my own away from me4 ,,john ,,burroughs4 ,,chapter ,,iii4 ,,volume4 ,,the ,,revenge4 ,a ,,ballad ,,of ,,the ,,fleet4 ,i4 ,at ,flores in the ,azores ,sir ,richard ,grenville lay1 ,and a pinnance1 like a flutter'd bird1 came flying from far away3 ,spanish ships of war at sea6 we have sighted fifty- three6 ,then sware ,lord ,thomas ,howard3 ',fore ,god ,i am no coward2 ,but ,i cannot meet them here1 for my ships are out of gear1 ,and the half my men are sick4 ,i must fly1 but follow quick4 ,we are six ships of the line2 can we fight with fifty- three8 ,,ii4 ,then spake ,sir ,richard ,grenville3 ,i know you are no coward2 ,you fly them for a moment to fight with them again4 ,but ,i've ninety men and more that are lying sick ashore4 ,i should count myself the coward if ,i left them1 ,lord ,howard1 ,to these ,inquisition dogs and the devildoms of ,spain4 ,,iii4 ,so ,lord ,howard past away with five ships of war that day1 ,till he melted like a cloud in the silent summer heaven2 ,but ,sir ,richard bore in hand all his sick men from the land ,very carefully and slow1 ,men of ,bideford in ,devon1 ,and we laid them on the ballast down below2 ,for we brought them all aboard1 ,and they blest him in their pain1 that they were not left to ,spain1 ,to the thumbscrew and the stake1 for the glory of the ,lord4 ,,iv4 ,he had only a hundred seamen to work the ship and to fight1 ,and he sailed away from ,flores till the ,spaniard came in sight1 ,with his huge sea-castles heaving upon the weather bow4 ,shall we fight or shall we fly8 ,good ,sir ,richard1 tell us now1 ,for to fight is but to die6 ,there'll be little of us left by the time this sun be set4 ,and ,sir ,richard said again3 ,we be all good ,english men4 ,let us bang these dogs of ,seville1 the children of the devil1 ,for ,i never turn'd my back upon ,don or devil yet4 ,v4 ,sir ,richard spoke and he laugh'd1 and we roar'd a hurrah1 and so ,the little ,revenge ran on sheer into the heart of the foe1 ,with her hundred fighters on deck1 and her ninety sick below2 ,for half of their fleet to the right and half to the left were seen1 ,and the little ,revenge ran on thro' the long sea-lane between4 ,,vi4 ,thousands of their soldiers look'd down from their decks and laugh'd1 ,thousands of their seamen made mock at the mad little craft ,running on and on1 till delay'd ,by their mountain-like ,san ,philip that1 of fifteen hundred tons1 ,and up-shadowing high above us with her yawning tiers of guns1 ,took the breath from our sails1 and we stay'd4 ,,vii4 ,and while now the great ,san ,philip hung above us like a cloud ,whence the thunderbolt will fall ,long and loud1 ,four galleons drew away ,from the ,spanish fleet that day1 ,and two upon the larboard and two upon the starboard lay1 ,and the battle-thunder broke from them all4 ,,viii4 ,but anon the great ,san ,philip1 she bethought herself and went ,having that within her womb that had left her ill content2 ,and the rest they came aboard us1 and they fought us hand to hand1 ,for a dozen times they came with their pikes and musqueteers1 ,and a dozen times we shook 'em off as a dog that shakes his ears ,when he leaps from the water to the land4 ,,ix4 ,and the sun went down1 and the stars came out far over the summer sea1 ,but never a moment ceased the fight of the one and the fifty-three4 ,ship after ship1 the whole night long1 their high-built galleons came1 ,ship after ship1 the whole night long1 with her battle- thunder and flame2 ,ship after ship1 the whole night long1 drew back with her dead and her shame4 ,for some were sunk and many were shattered1 and so could fight us no more-- ,god of battles1 was ever a battle like this in the world before8 ,x4 ,for he said ,fight on6 fight on6 ,tho' his vessel was all but a wreck2 ,and it chanced that1 when half of the short summer night was gone1 ,with a grisly wound to be drest he had left the deck1 ,but a bullet struck him that was dressing it suddenly dead1 ,and himself he was wounded again in the side and the head1 ,and he said ,fight on6 fight on6 ,,xi4 ,and the night went down1 and the sun smiled out far over the summer sea1 ,and the ,spanish fleet with broken sides lay round us all in a ring2 ,but they dared not touch us again1 for they fear'd that we still could sting1 ,so they watch'd what the end would be4 ,and we had not fought them in vain1 ,but in perilous plight were we1 ,seeing forty of our poor hundred were slain1 ,and half of the rest of us maim'd for life ,in the crash of the cannonades and the desperate strife2 ,and the sick men down in the hold were most of them stark and cold1 ,and the pikes were all broken or bent1 and the powder was all of it spent2 ,and the masts and the rigging were lying over the side2 ,but ,sir ,richard cried in his ,english pride1 ,we have fought such a fight for a day and a night ,as may never be fought again6 ,we have won great glory1 my men6 ,and a day less or more ,at sea or ashore1 ,we die--does it matter when8 ,sink me the ship1 ,master ,gunner--sink her1 split her in twain6 ,fall into the hands of ,god1 not into the hands of ,spain6 ,,xii4 ,and the gunner said ,ay1 ay1 but the seaman made reply3 ,we have children1 we have wives1 ,and the ,lord hath spared our lives4 ,we will make the ,spaniard promise1 if we yield1 to let us go2 ,we shall live to fight again and to strike another blow4 ,and the lion there lay dying1 and they yielded to the foe4 ,,xiii4 ,and the stately ,spanish men to their flagship bore him then1 ,where they laid him by the mast1 old ,sir ,richard caught at last1 ,and they praised him to his face with their courtly foreign grace2 ,but he rose upon their decks1 and he cried3 ,i have fought for ,queen and ,faith like a valiant man and true2 ,i have only done my duty as a man is bound to do3 ,with a joyful spirit ,i ,sir ,richard ,grenville die6 ,and he fell upon their decks1 and he died4 ,,xiv4 ,and they stared at the dead that had been so valiant and true1 ,and had holden the power and glory of ,spain so cheap ,that he dared her with one little ship and his ,english few2 ,was he devil or man8 ,he was devil for aught they knew1 ,but they sank his body with honor down into the deep1 ,and they mann'd the ,revenge with a swarthier alien crew1 ,and away she sail'd with her loss and long'd for her own2 ,when a wind from the lands they had ruin'd awoke from sleep1 ,and the water began to heave and the weather to moan1 ,and or ever that evening ended a great gale blew1 ,and a wave like the wave that is raised by an earthquake grew1 ,till it smote on their hulls and their sails and their masts and their flags1 ,and the whole sea plunged and fell on the shot-shatter'd navy of ,spain1 ,and the little ,revenge herself went down by the island crags ,to be lost evermore in the main4 ,,alfred ,,tennyson4 ,,the ,,ocean4 ,i4 ,there is a pleasure in the pathless woods1 ,there is a rapture on the lonely shore2 ,there is society1 where none intrudes1 ,by the deep sea1 and music in its roar2 ,i love not man the less1 but nature more1 ,from these our interviews in which ,i steal ,from all ,i may be1 or have been before1 ,to mingle with the universe1 and feel ,what ,i can ne'er express1 yet cannot all conceal4 ,,ii4 ,roll on1 thou deep and dark-blue ocean--roll6 ,ten thousand fleets sweep over thee in vain2 ,man marks the earth with ruin--his control ,stops with the shore2--upon the watery plain ,the wrecks are all thy deed1 nor doth remain ,a shadow of man's ravage1 save his own1 ,when for a moment like a drop of rain1 ,he sinks into thy depths with bubbling groan1 ,without a grave1 unknelled1 uncoffined1 and unknown4 ,,iii4 ,the armaments which thunderstrike the walls ,of rock-built cities1 bidding nations quake1 ,and monarchs tremble in their capitals2 ,the oak leviathans1 whose huge ribs make ,their clay creator the vain title take ,of lord of thee1 and arbiter of war1-- ,these are thy toys1 and1 as the snowy flake1 ,they melt into thy yeast of waves1 which mar ,alike the ,armada's pride1 or spoils of ,trafalgar4 ,,iv4 ,thy shores are empires1 changed in all save thee-- ,assyria1 ,greece1 ,rome1 ,carthage1--what are they8 ,thy waters wasted them while they were free1 ,and many a tyrant since2 their shores obey ,the stranger1 slave or savage2 their decay ,has dried up realms to deserts2--not so thou1 ,unchangeable1 save to thy wild waves' play- ,time writes no wrinkle on thine azure brow-- ,such as creation's dawn beheld1 thou rollest now4 ,v4 ,thou glorious mirror1 where the ,almighty's form ,glasses itself in tempests2 in all time1 ,calm or convulsed--in breeze1 or gale1 or storm1 ,icing the pole1 or in the torrid clime ,dark-heaving2--boundless1 endless1 and sublime-- ,the image of ,eternity--the throne ,of the ,invisible2 even from out thy slime ,the monsters of the deep are made2 each zone ,obeys thee3 thou goest forth1 dread1 fathomless1 alone4 ,,vi4 ,and ,i have loved thee1 ,ocean6 and my joy ,of youthful sport was on thy breast to be ,borne1 like thy bubbles1 onward3 from a boy ,i wantoned with thy breakers--they to me ,were a delight2 and if thy freshening sea ,made them a terror1 'twas a pleasing fear2 ,for ,i was1 as it were1 a child of thee1 ,and trusted to thy billows far and near1 ,and laid my hand upon thy mane--as ,i do here4 ,,lord ,,byron4 ,,spartacus ,,to ,,the ,,gladiators ,,at ,,capua4 #a4 ,ye call me chief2 and ye do well to call him chief who for twelve long years has met upon the arena every shape of man or beast the broad ,empire of ,rome could furnish1 and who never yet lowered his arm4 ,if there be one among you who can say that ever1 in public fight or private brawl1 my actions did belie my tongue1 let him stand forth and say it4 ,if there be three of all your company dare face me on the bloody sand1 let them come on4 #b4 ,and yet ,i was not always thus1--a hired butcher1 a savage chief of still more savage men4 ,my ancestors came from old ,sparta1 and settled among the vine-clad rocks and citron groves of ,syrasella4 ,my early life ran quiet as the brooks by which ,i sported2 and when1 at noon1 ,i gathered the sheep beneath the shade1 and played upon the shepherd's flute1 there was a friend1 the son of a neighbor1 to join me in the pastime4 ,we led our flocks to the same pasture1 and partook together our rustic meal4 #c4 ,one evening1 after the sheep were folded1 and we were all seated beneath the myrtle which shaded our cottage1 my grandsire1 an old man1 was telling of ,marathon and ,leuctra2 and how1 in ancient times1 a little band of ,spartans1 in a defile of the mountains1 had withstood a whole army4 ,i did not then know what war was2 but my cheeks burned1 ,i know not why1 and ,i clasped the knees of that venerable man1 until my mother1 parting the hair from off my forehead1 kissed my throbbing temples1 and bade me go to rest1 and think no more of those old tales and savage wars4 #d4 ,that very night the ,romans landed on our coast4 ,i saw the breast that had nourished me trampled by the hoof of the war horse--the bleeding body of my father flung amidst the blazing rafters of our dwelling6 ,today ,i killed a man in the arena2 and1 when ,i broke his helmet-clasps1 behold6 he was my friend6 ,he knew me1 smiled faintly1 gasped1 and died2--the same sweet smile upon his lips that ,i had marked1 when1 in adventurous boyhood1 we scaled the lofty cliff to pluck the first ripe grapes1 and bear them home in childish triumph6 #e4 ,i told the praetor that the dead man had been my friend1 generous and brave2 and ,i begged that ,i might bear away the body1 to burn it on a funeral pile1 and mourn over its ashes4 ,ay6 upon my knees1 amid the dust and blood of the arena1 ,i begged that poor boon1 while all the assembled maids and matrons1 and the holy virgins they call vestals1 and the rabble1 shouted in derision1 deeming it rare sport1 forsooth1 to see ,rome's fiercest gladiator turn pale and tremble at sight of that piece of bleeding clay6 ,and the praetor drew back as if ,i were pollution1 and sternly said1 ,let the carrion rot6 ,there are no noble men but ,romans4 #f4 ,and so1 fellow gladiators1 must you1 and so must ,i1 die like dogs6 ,o ,rome6 ,rome6 thou hast been a tender nurse to me4 ,ay6 thou hast given to that poor1 gentle1 timid shepherd lad1 who never knew a harsher tone than a flute-note1 muscles of iron and a heart of flint2 taught him to drive the sword through plaited mail and links of rugged brass1 and warm it in the marrow of his foe2--to gaze into the glaring eyeballs of the fierce ,numidian lion1 even as a boy upon a laughing girl6 ,and he shall pay thee back1 until the yellow ,tiber is red as frothing wine1 and in its deepest ooze thy life-blood lies curdled6 #g4 ,ye stand here now like giants1 as ye are6 ,the strength of brass is in your toughened sinews2 but to-morrow some ,roman ,adonis1 breathing sweet perfume from his curly locks1 shall with his lily fingers pat your red brawn1 and bet his sesterces upon your blood4 ,hark6 hear ye yon lion roaring in his den8 ',tis three days since he has tasted flesh2 but to-morrow he shall break his fast upon yours1--and a dainty meal for him ye will be6 #h4 ,if ye are beasts1 then stand here like fat oxen1 waiting for the butcher's knife6 ,if ye are men1 follow me6 ,strike down yon guard1 gain the mountain passes1 and then do bloody word1 as did your sires at old ,thermopylae6 ,is ,sparta dead8 ,is the old ,grecian spirit frozen in your veins1 that you do crouch and cower like a belabored hound beneath his master's lash8 ,o comrades6 warriors6 ,thracians6 if we must fight1 let us fight for ourselves6 ,if we must slaughter1 let us slaughter our oppressors6 ,if we must die1 let it be under the clear sky1 by the bright waters1 in noble1 honorable battle4 ,,rev4 ,,elijah ,,kellogg4 ,,tell ,,to ,,his ,,native ,,mountains4 ,i4 ,ye crags and peaks1 ,i'm with you once again6 ,i hold to you the hands you first beheld1 ,to show they still are free4 ,methinks ,i hear ,a spirit in your echoes answer me1 ,and bid your tenant welcome home again6 ,,ii4 ,o sacred forms1 how proud you look6 ,how high you lift your heads into the sky6 ,how huge you are6 how mighty and how free6 ,how do you look1 for all your bared brows1 ,more gorgeously majestical than kings ,whose loaded coronets exhaust the mine4 ,,iii4 ,ye are the things that tower1 that shine2 whose smile ,makes glad--whose frown is terrible2 whose forms1 ,robed or unrobed1 do all the impress wear ,of awe divine2 whose subject never kneels ,in mockery1 because it is your boast ,to keep him free6 ,,iv4 ,ye guards of liberty1 ,i'm with you once again6 ,i call to you ,with all my voice6 ,i hold my hands to you ,to show they still are free4 ,i rush to you ,as though ,i could embrace you6 ,v4 ,the hour ,will soon be here4 ,oh1 when will ,liberty ,once more be here8 ,scaling yonder peak1 ,i saw an eagle wheeling near its brow1 ,o'er the abyss his broad-expanded wings ,lay calm and motionless upon the air ,as if he floated there without their aid1 ,by the sole act of his unlorded will1 ,that buoyed him proudly up4 ,,vi4 ,instinctively ,i bent my bow2 yet kept he rounding still ,his airy circle1 as in the delight ,of measuring the ample range beneath ,and round about2 absorbed1 he heeded not ,the death that threatened him4 ,i could not shoot4 ',twas liberty4 ,i turned my bow aside1 ,and let him soar away4 ,,james ,,sheridan ,,knowles4 ,,battle ,,hymn4 ,i4 ,father of earth and heaven6 ,i call thy name6 ,round me the smoke and shout of battle roll2 ,my eyes are dazzled with the rustling flame2 ,father1 sustain an untried soldier's soul6 ,or life or death1 whatever be the goal ,that crowns or closes round this struggling hour1 ,thou knowest1 if ever from my spirit stole ,one deeper prayer1'twas that no cloud might lower ,on my young fame6 ,oh1 hear1 ,god of eternal power6 ,,ii4 ,god6 thou art merciful--the wintry storm1 ,the cloud that pours the thunder from its womb1 ,but show the sterner grandeur of thy form2 ,the lightnings glancing through the midnight gloom1 ,to ,faith's raised eye as calm1 as lovely come1 ,as splendors of the autumnal evening star1 ,as roses shaken by the breeze's plume1 ,when like cool incense comes the dewy air1 ,and on the golden wave the sunset burns afar4 ,,iii4 ,god6 thou art mighty6--at thy footstool bound1 ,lie gazing to thee ,chance1 and ,life1 and ,death2 ,nor in the ,angel-circle flaming round1 ,nor in the million worlds that blaze beneath ,is one that can withstand thy wrath's hot breath-- ,woe in thy frown--in thy smile1 victory6 ,hear my last prayer--,i ask no mortal wreath2 ,let but these eyes my rescued country see1 ,then take my spirit1 ,all-,omnipotent1 to thee4 ,,iv4 ,now for the fight--now for the cannon-peal-- ,forward--through blood and toil1 and cloud and fire6 ,glorious the shout1 the shock1 the crash of steel1 ,the volley's roll1 the rocket's blasting spire2 ,they shake--like broken waves their squares retire1-- ,on1 them1 hussars6--now give them rein and heel2 ,think of the orphaned child1 the murdered sire3-- ,earth cries for blood--in thunder on them wheel6 ,this hour to ,europe's fate shall set the triumph seal4 ,,karl ,,theodore ,,korner4 ,,self-,,reliance4 #a4 ,to believe your own thought1 to believe that what is true for you in your private heart is true for all men1--that is genius4 ,speak your latent conviction1 and it shall be the universal sense2 for the inmost in due time becomes the outmost1 and our first thought is rendered back to us by the trumpets of the ,last ,judgment4 ,familiar as the voice of the mind is to each1 the highest merit we ascribe to ,moses1 ,plato and ,milton is that they set at naught books and traditions1 and spoke not what men1 but what ,,they thought4 #b4 ,a man should learn to detect and watch that gleam of light which flashes across his mind from within1 more than the lustre of the firmament of bards and sages4 ,yet he dismisses without notice his thought1 because it is his4 ,in every work of genius we recognize our own rejected thoughts2 they come back to us with a certain alienated majesty4 #c4 ,great works of art have no more affecting lesson for us than this4 ,they teach us to abide by our spontaneous impression with good-humored inflexibility then most when the whole cry of voices is on the other side4 ,else to-morrow a stranger will say with masterly good sense precisely what we have thought and felt all the time1 and we shall be forced to take with shame our own opinion from another4 #d4 ,there is a time in every man's education when he arrives at the conviction that envy is ignorance2 that imitation is suicide2 that he must take himself for better for worse as his portion2 that though the wide universe is full of good1 no kernel of nourishing corn can come to him but through his toil bestowed on that plot of ground which is given to him to till4 ,the power which resides in him is new in nature1 and none but he knows what that is which he can do1 nor does he know until he has tried4 #e4 ,not for nothing one face1 one character1 one fact1 makes much impression on him1 and another none4 ,this sculpture in the memory is not without pre- established harmony4 ,the eye was placed where one ray should fall1 that it might testify of that particular ray4 #f4 ,we but half express ourselves1 and are ashamed of that divine idea which each of us represents4 ,it may be safely trusted as proportionate and of good issues1 so it be faithfully imparted1 but ,god will not have his work made manifest by cowards4 ,a man is relieved and gay when he has put his heart into his work and done his best2 but what he has said or done otherwise shall give him no peace4 ,it is a deliverance which does not deliver4 ,in the attempt his genius deserts him2 no muse befriends2 no invention1 no hope4 #g4 ,trust thyself3 every heart vibrates to that iron string4 ,accept the place the divine providence has found for you1 the society of your contemporaries1 the connection of events4 ,great men have always done so1 and confided themselves childlike to the genius of their age1 betraying their perception that the ,eternal was stirring at their heart1 working through their hands1 predominating in all their being4 #h4 ,and we are now men1 and must accept in the highest mind the same transcendent destiny2 and not minors and invalids pinched in a corner1 not cowards fleeing before a revolution1 but guides1 redeemers and benefactors1 pious aspirants to be noble clay under the ,almighty effort1 let us advance on ,chaos and the ,dark4 ,,ralph ,,waldo ,,emerson4 ,,adams ,,and ,,jefferson4 #a4 ,adams and ,jefferson1 ,i have said1 are no more4 ,as human beings1 indeed1 they are no more4 ,they are no more1 as in #aggf1 bold and fearless advocates of independence2 no more1 as on subsequent periods1 the head of the government2 no more1 as we have recently seen them1 aged and venerable objects of admiration and regard4 ,they are no more4 ,they are dead4 #b4 ,but how little is there of the great and good which can die8 ,to their country they yet live1 and live forever4 ,they live in all that perpetuates the remembrance of men on earth2 in the recorded proofs of their own great actions1 in the offspring of their intellect1 in the deep engraved lines of public gratitude1 and in the respect and homage of mankind4 ,they live in their example2 and they live1 emphatically1 and will live1 in the influence which their lives and efforts1 their principles and opinions1 now exercise1 and will continue to exercise1 on the affairs of men1 not only in their own country1 but throughout the civilized world4 #c4 ,a superior and commanding human intellect1 a truly great man1-- when heaven vouchsafes so rare a gift1--is not a temporary flame1 burning bright for awhile1 and then expiring1 giving place to returning darkness4 ,it is rather a spark of fervent heat1 as well as radiant light1 with power to enkindle the common mass of human mind2 so that1 when it glimmers in its own decay1 and finally goes out in death1 no night follows2 but it leaves the world all light1 all on fire1 from the potent contact of its own spirit4 #d4 ,bacon died2 but the human understanding1 roused by the torch of his miraculous mind to a perception of the true philosophy and the just mode of inquiring after truth1 has kept on its course successfully and gloriously4 ,newton died2 yet the courses of the spheres are still known1 and they yet move on1 in the orbits which he saw and described for them1 in the infinity of space4 #e4 ,no two men now live--perhaps it may be doubted whether any two men have ever lived in one age1--who1 more than those we now commemorate1 have impressed their own sentiments1 in regard to politics and government1 on mankind2 infused their own opinions more deeply into the opinions of others2 or given a more lasting direction to the current of human thought4 ,their work doth not perish with them4 ,the tree which they assisted to plant will flourish1 although they water it and protect it no longer2 for it has struck its roots deep2 it has sent them to the very center2 no storm1 not of force to burst the orb1 can overturn it2 its branches spread wide2 they stretch their protecting arms broader and broader1 and its top is destined to reach the heavens4 #f4 ,we are not deceived4 ,there is no delusion here4 ,no age will come1 in which the ,american ,revolution will appear less than it is--one of the greatest events in human history4 ,no age will come1 in which in it will cease to be seen and felt1 on either continent1 that a mighty step1 a great advance1 not only in ,american affairs1 but in human affairs1 was made on the #dth of ,july1 #aggf4 ,and no age will come1 we trust1 so ignorant1 or so unjust1 as not to see and acknowledge the efficient agency of these we now honor1 in producing that momentous event4 ,,daniel ,,webster4 ,,the ,,defence ,,of ,,lucknow4 ,i4 ,banner of ,england1 not for a season1 ,o banner of ,britain1 hast thou ,floated in conquering battle or flapt to the battle cry6 ,never with mightier glory than when we had reared thee on high1 ,flying at top of the roofs in the ghastly siege at ,lucknow-- ,shot through the staff or the halyard1 but ever we raised thee anew1 ,and ever upon the topmost roof our banner of ,england blew4 ,,ii4 ,frail were the works that defended the hold that we held with our lives-- ,women and children among us--,god help them1 our children and wives6 ,hold it we might--and for fifteen days or for twenty at most4 ,never surrender1 ,i charge you1 but every man die at his post6 ,voice of the dead whom we loved1 our ,lawrence the best of the brave2 ,cold were his brows when we kissed him--we laid him that night in his grave4 ,,iii4 ,every man die at his post6 and there hailed on our houses and halls ,death from their rifle bullets1 and death from their cannon balls1 ,death in our innermost chamber1 and death at our slight barricade1 ,death while we stood with the musket1 and death while we stoopt to the spade1 ,death to the dying1 and wounds to the wounded1 for often there fell1 ,striking the hospital wall1 crashing through it1 their shot and their shell1 ,,iv4 ,death--for their spies were among us1 their marksman were told of our best1 ,so that the brute bullet broke through the brain that could think for the rest2 ,bullets would sing by our foreheads1 and bullets would rain at our feet-- ,fire from ten thousand at once of the rebels that girdled us round2 ,death at the glimpse of a finger from over the breadth of a street1 ,death from the heights of the mosque and the palace-- and death in the ground6 ,v4 ,mine8 yes1 a mine6 ,countermine6 down1 down6 and creep through the hole1 ,keep the revolver in hand6 ,you can hear him--the murderous mole4 ,quiet6 ah6 quiet--wait till the point of the pickaxe be through6 ,click with the pick1 coming nearer and nearer again than before-- ,now let it speak1 and you fire1 and the dark pioneer is no more2 ,and ever upon the topmost roof our banner of ,england blew4 ,,vi4 ,ay1 but the foe sprung his mine many times1 and it chanced on a day1 ,soon as the blast of that underground thunder-clap echoed away1 ,dark through the smoke and the sulphur1 like so many fiends in their hell-- ,cannon-shot1 musket-shot1 volley on volley1 and yell upon yell-- ,fiercely on all the defences our myriad enemies fell4 ,,vii4 ,what have they done8 where is it8 ,out yonder4 ,guard the ,redan6 ,storm at the ,water-gate1 storm at the ,bailey-gate6 storm1 and it ran ,surging and swaying all round us1 as ocean on every side ,plunges and heaves at a bank that is daily drowned by the tide-- ,so many thousands that if they be bold enough1 who shall escape8 ,kill or be killed1 live or die1 they shall know we are soldiers and men4 ,,viii4 ,ready6 take aim at their leaders--their masses are gapped with our grape-- ,backward they reel like the wave1 like the wave flinging forward again1 ,flying and foiled at the last by the handful they could not subdue2 ,and ever upon the topmost roof our banner of ,england blew4 ,,ix4 ,handful of men as we were1 we were ,english in heart and in limb1 ,strong with the strength of the race to command1 to obey1 to endure1 ,each of us fought as if hope for the garrison hung but on him-- ,still1 could we watch at all points8 ,we were every day fewer and fewer4 ,x4 ,there was a whisper among us1 but only a whisper that passed-- ,children and wives--if the tigers leap into the folds unawares1 ,every man die at his post--and the foe may outlive us at last1 ,better to fall by the hands that they love1 than to fall into theirs4 ,,xi4 ,roar upon roar--in a moment two mines1 by the enemy sprung1 ,clove into perilous chasms our walls and our poor palisades4 ,riflemen1 true is your heart1 but be sure that your hand be as true4 ,sharp is the fire of assault1 better aimed are your flank fusilades2 ,twice do we hurl them to earth from the ladders to which they had clung1 ,twice from the ditch where they shelter we drive them with hand grenades--1 ,and ever upon the topmost roof our banner of ,england blew4 ,,xii4 ,then on another wild morning another wild earthquake out-tore ,clean from our lines of defence ten or twelve good paces or more4 ,riflemen1 high on the roof1 hidden there from the light of the sun-- ,one has leapt up on the breach1 crying out1 ,follow me1 follow me6 ,mark him--he falls6 then another1 and him1 too1 and down goes he4 ,,xiii4 ,had they been bold enough then1 who can tell but that the traitors had won8 ,boardings1 and raftings1 and doors--an embrasure2 make way for the gun6 ,now1 double charge it with grape6 ,it is charged1 and we fire1 and they run4 ,praise to our ,indian brothers1 and let the dark face have his due4 ,thanks to the kindly dark faces who fought with us1 faithful and few1 ,fought with the bravest among us1 and drove them1 and smote them1 and slew-- ,that ever upon the topmost roof our banner in ,india blew4 ,,xiv4 ,hark6 cannonade6 fusilade6 is it true that was told by the scout8 ,outram and ,havelock breaking their way through the fell mutineers8 ,surely1 the pibroch of ,europe is ringing again in our ears6 ,all on a sudden the garrison utter a jubilant shout2 ,havelock's glorious ,highlanders answer with conquering cheers4 ,,xv4 ,forth from their holes and their hidings our women and children come out1 ,blessing the wholesome white faces of ,havelock's good fusileers1 ,kissing the war-hardened hand of the ,highlander wet with their tears4 ,dance to the pibroch6 saved6 we are saved6 is it you8 is it you8 ,saved by the valor of ,havelock1 saved by the blessing of ,heaven6 ,hold it for fifteen days6 we have held it for eighty- seven6 ,and ever aloft on the palace roof the old banner of ,england blew4 ,,alfred ,,tennyson4 ,,sonnets4 ,to one who has been long in city pent1 ',tis very sweet to look into the fair ,and open face of heaven1--to breathe a prayer ,full in the smile of the blue firmament4 ,who is more happy1 when1 with heart's content1 ,fatigued he sinks into some pleasant lair ,of wavy grass1 and reads a debonair ,and gentle tale of love and languishment8 ,returning home at evening1 with an ear ,catching the notes of ,philomel1--an eye ,watching the sailing cloudlet's bright career1 ,he mourns that day so soon has glided by3 ,e'en like the passage of an angel's tear ,that falls through the clear ether silently4 ,j4 ,,keats4 ,the world is too much with us2 late and soon1 ,getting and spending1 we lay waste our powers3 ,little we see in ,nature that is ours2 ,we have given our hearts away1 a sordid boon6 ,the ,sea that bares her bosom to the moon2 ,the winds that will be howling at all hours1 ,and are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers2 ,for this1 for everything1 we are out of tune2 ,it moves us not4--,great ,god6 ,i'd rather be ,a ,pagan suckled in a creed outworn2 ,so might ,i1 standing on this pleasant lea1 ,have glimpses that would make me less forlorn1 ,have sight of ,proteus rising from the sea2 ,or hear old ,triton blow his wreathed horn4 ,,william ,,wordsworth4 ,when ,i consider how my light is spent ,ere half my days in this dark world and wide1 ,and that one talent which is death to hide1 ,lodg'd with me useless1 though my soul more bent ,to serve therewith my ,maker1 and present ,my true account1 lest he returning chide4 ,doth ,god exact day labor1 light deny'd1 ,i fondly ask8 but patience to prevent ,that murmur soon replies1 ,god doth not need ,either man's work or his own gifts2 who best ,bear his mild yoke1 they serve him best3 his state ,is kingly2 thousands at his bidding speed1 ,and post o'er land and ocean without rest2 ,they also serve who only stand and wait4 ,,john ,,milton4 ,how do ,i love thee8 ,let me count the ways4 ,i love thee to the depth and breadth and height ,my soul can reach1 when feeling out of sight ,for the ends of ,being and ,ideal ,grace4 ,i love thee to the level of every day's ,most quiet need1 by sun and candlelight4 ,i love thee freely1 as men strive for ,right2 ,i love thee purely1 as they turn from ,praise2 ,i love thee with the passion put to use ,in my old griefs1 and with my childhood's faith2 ,i love thee with a love ,i seemed to lose ,with my lost saints1--,i love thee with the breath1 ,smiles1 tears1 of all my life6--and1 if ,god choose1 ,i shall but love thee better after death4 ,,elizabeth ,,barrett ,,bbowning4 ,,is ,,there1 ,,for ,,honest ,,poverty4 ,i4 ,is there1 for honest poverty1 ,that hangs his head1 and a' that8 ,the coward slave1 we pass him by1 ,we dare be poor for a' that6 ,for a' that1 and a' that1 ,our toils obscure1 and a' that2 ,the rank is but the guinea-stamp1 ,the man's the gowd for a' that4 ,,ii4 ,what though on hamely fare we dine4 ,wear hodden gray and a' that1 ,gie fools their silks1 and knaves their wine1 ,a man's a man1 for a' that6 ,for a' that1 and a' that1 ,their tinsel show1 and a' that2 ,the honest man1 though e'er sae poor1 ,is king o' men for a' that6 ,,iii4 ,ye see yon birkie1 ca'd a lord1 ,wha struts1 and stares1 and a' that2 ,though hundreds worship at his word1 ,he's but a coof for a' that3 ,for a' that1 and a' that1 ,his riband1 star1 and a' that2 ,the man of independent mind1 ,he looks and laughs at a' that6 ,,iv4 ,a king can mak a belted knight1 ,a marquis1 duke1 and a' that2 ,but an honest man's aboon his might1 ,guid faith he maunna fa' that6 ,for a' that1 and a' that1 ,their dignities1 and a' that1 ,the pith o' sense1 and pride o' worth1 ,are higher rank than a' that4 ,v4 ,then let us pray that come it may-- ,as come it will for a' that-- ,that sense and worth1 o'er a' the earth ,may bear the gree1 and a' that2 ,for a' that1 and a' that1 ,it's coming yet for a' that1 ,that man to man1 the warld o'er1 ,shall brothers be for a' that4 ,,robert ,,burns4 ,,chapter ,,iv4 ,,forming ,,the ,,elements4 ,,hamlet ,,to ,,the ,,players4 #a4 ,speak the speech1 ,i pray you1 as ,i pronounced it to you1 trippingly on the tongue3 but if you mouth it1 as many of our players do1 ,i had as lief the town-crier spoke my lines4 ,nor do not saw the air too much with your hand1 thus2 but use all gently3 for in the very torrent1 tempest1 and 7as ,i may say7 whirlwind of your passion1 you must acquire and beget a temperance1 that may give it smoothness4 #b4 ,oh1 it offends me to the soul1 to hear a robustious periwig- pated fellow tear a passion to tatters1 to very rags1 to split the ears of the groundlings1 who1 for the most part1 are capable of nothing but inexplicable dumb shows1 and noise3 ,i would have such a fellow whipped for o'erdoing ,termagant2 it out-herods ,herod3 pray you1 avoid it4 #c4 ,be not too tame neither1 but let your own discretion be your tutor3 suit the action to the word1 the word to the action2 with this special observance1 that you o'erstep not the modesty of nature2 for anything so overdone is from the purpose of playing1 whose end1 both at the first1 and now1 was1 and is1 to hold1 as 'twere1 the mirror up to nature2 to show virtue her own feature1 scorn her own image1 and the very age and body of the time1 his form and pressure4 #d4 ,now this1 overdone1 or come tardy off1 though it make the unskilful laugh1 cannot but make the judicious grieve2 the censure of which one1 must1 in your allowance1 o'erweigh a whole theatre of others4 ,oh1 there be players1 that ,i have seen play1 and heard others praise1 and that highly1 not to speak it profanely1 that1 neither having the accent of ,christians1 nor the gait of ,christian1 ,pagan1 nor man1 have so strutted1 and bellowed1 that ,i have thought some of nature's journeymen had made men1 and not made them well1 they imitated humanity so abominably4 ,,william ,,shakespeare4 ,,the ,,boy ,,and ,,the ,,angel4 ,morning1 evening1 noon and night1 ,praise ,god6 sang ,theocrite4 ,then to his poor trade he turned1 ,whereby the daily meal was earned4 ,hard he labored1 long and well2 ,o'er his work the boy's curls fell4 ,but ever1 at each period1 ,he stopped and sang1 ,praise ,god6 ,,ii4 ,then back again his curls he threw1 ,and cheerful turned to work anew4 ,said ,blaise1 the listening monk1 ,well done2 ,i doubt not thou art heard1 my son3 ,as well as if thy voice to-day ,were praising ,god1 the ,pope's great way4 ,this ,easter ,day1 the ,pope at ,rome ,praises ,god from ,peter's dome4 ,,iii4 ,said ,theocrite1 ,would ,god that ,i ,might praise him1 that great way1 and die6 ,night passed1 day shone1 ,and ,theocrite was gone4 ,with ,god a day endures alway1 ,a thousand years are but a day4 ,god said in heaven1 ,nor day nor night ,now brings the voice of my delight4 ,,iv4 ,then ,gabriel1 like a rainbow's birth1 ,spread his wings and sank to earth2 ,entered1 in flesh1 the empty cell1 ,lived there1 and played the craftsman well2 ,and morning1 evening1 noon and night1 ,praised ,god in place of ,theocrite4 ,and from a boy1 to youth he grew3 ,the man put off the stripling's hue3 ,v4 ,the man matured and fell away ,into the season of decay3 ,and ever o'er the trade he bent1 ,and ever lived on earth content4 7,he did ,god's will2 to him1 all one ,if on the earth or in the sun47 ,god said1 ,a praise is in mine ear2 ,there is no doubt in it1 no fear3 ,,vi4 ,so sing old worlds1 and so ,new worlds that from my footstool go4 ,clearer loves sound other ways2 ,i miss my little human praise4 ,then forth sprang ,gabriel's wings1 off fell ,the flesh disguise1 remained the cell4 ',twas ,easter ,day3 he flew to ,rome1 ,and paused above ,saint ,peter's dome4 ,,vii4 ,in the tiring-room close by ,the great outer gallery1 ,with his holy vestments dight1 ,stood the new ,pope1 ,theocrite2 ,and all his past career ,came back upon him clear1 ,since when1 a boy1 he plied his trade1 ,till on his life the sickness weighed2 ,,viii4 ,and in his cell1 when death drew near1 ,an angel in a dream brought cheer3 ,and rising from the sickness drear1 ,he grew a priest1 and now stood here4 ,to the ,east with praise he turned1 ,and on his sight the angel burned4 ,i bore thee from thy craftsman's cell1 ,and set thee here2 ,i did not well1 ,,ix4 ,vainly ,i left my angel-sphere1 ,vain was thy dream of many a year4 ,thy voice's praise seemed weak3 it dropped-- ,creation's chorus stopped6 ,go back and praise again ,the early way1 while ,i remain4 ,with that weak voice of our disdain1 ,take up creation's pausing strain4 ,x4 ,back to the cell and poor employ2 ,resume the craftsman and the boy6 ,theocrite grew old at home2 ,a new ,pope dwelt at ,peter's dome4 ,one vanished as the other died3 ,they sought ,god side by side4 ,,robert ,,browning4 ,,speech ,,and ,,silence4 #a4 ,he who speaks honestly cares not1 needs not care1 though his words be preserved to remotest time4 ,the dishonest speaker1 not he only who purposely utters falsehoods1 but he who does not purposely1 and with sincere heart1 utter ,truth1 and ,truth alone2 who babbles he knows not what1 and has clapped no bridle on his tongue1 but lets it run racket1 ejecting chatter and futility--is among the most indisputable malefactors omitted1 or inserted1 in the ,criminal ,calendar4 #b4 ,to him that will well consider it1 idle speaking is precisely the beginning of all ,hollowness1 ,halfness1 ,infidelity 7want of ,faithfulness72 it is the genial atmosphere in which rank weeds of every kind attain the mastery over noble fruits in man's life1 and utterly choke them out3 one of the most crying maladies of these days1 and to be testified against1 and in all ways to the uttermost withstood4 #c4 ,wise1 of a wisdom far beyond our shallow depth1 was that old precept1 ,watch thy tongue2 out of it are the issues of ,life6 ,man is properly an incarnated word3 the word that he speaks is the man himself4 ,were eyes put into our head1 that we might see1 or that we might fancy1 and plausibly pretend1 we had seen8 ,was the tongue suspended there1 that it might tell truly what we had seen1 and make man the soul's brother of man2 or only that it might utter vain sounds1 jargon1 soul-confusing1 and so divide man1 as by enchanting walls of ,darkness1 from union with man8 #d4 ,thou who wearest that cunning1 heaven-made organ1 a ,tongue1 think well of this4 ,speak not1 ,i passionately entreat thee1 till thy thought have silently matured itself1 till thou have other than mad and mad-making noises to emit3 hold thy tongue till some meaning lie behind1 to set it wagging4 #e4 ,consider the significance of ,,silence3 it is boundless1 never by meditating to be exhausted1 unspeakably profitable to thee6 ,cease that chaotic hubbub1 wherein thy own soul runs to waste1 to confused suicidal dislocation and stupor2 out of ,silence comes thy strength4 ,speech is silvern1 silence is golden2 speech is human1 silence is divine4 #f4 ,fool6 thinkest thou that because no one stands near with parchment and blacklead to note thy jargon1 it therefore dies and is harmless8 ,nothing dies1 nothing can die4 ,no idlest word thou speakest but is a seed cast into ,time1 and grows through all ,eternity6 ,the ,recording ,angel1 consider it well1 is no fable1 but the truest of truths3 the paper tablets thou canst burn2 of the iron leaf there is no burning4 ,,thomas ,,carlyle4 ,,the ,,rich ,,man ,,and ,,the ,,poor ,,man4 ,i4 ,so goes the world2--if wealthy1 you may call ,,this friend1 ,,that brother2--friends and brothers all2 ,though you are worthless--witless--never mind it3 ,you may have been a stable-boy--what then8 ',tis wealth1 good sir1 makes ,,honorable ,,men4 ,you seek respect1 no doubt1 and ,,you will find it4 ,,ii4 ,but if you are poor1 ,heaven help you6 though your sire ,had royal blood within him1 and though you ,possess the intellect of angels1 too1 ',tis all in vain2--the world will ne'er inquire ,on such a score3--,why should it take the pains8 ',tis easier to weigh purses1 sure1 than brains4 ,,iii4 ,i once saw a poor fellow1 keen and clever1 ,witty and wise3--he paid a man a visit1 ,and no one noticed him1 and no one ever ,gave him a welcome4 ,strange6 cried ,i1 whence is it8 ,he walked on this side1 then on that1 ,he tried to introduce a social chat2 ,now here1 now there1 in vain he tried2 ,some formally and freezingly replied1 ,and some ,said by their silence--,better stay at home4 ,,iv4 ,a rich man burst the door2 ,as ,croesus rich1 ,i'm sure ,he could not pride himself upon his wit1 ,and as for wisdom1 he had none of it2 ,he had what's better2 he had wealth4 ,what a confusion6--all stand up erect-- ,these crowd around to ask him of his health2 ,these bow in ,,honest duty and respect2 ,and these arrange a sofa or a chair1 ,and these conduct him there4 ,allow me1 sir1 the honor2--,then a bow ,down to the earth--,is't possible to show ,meet gratitude for such kind condescension8 ,v4 ,the poor man hung his head1 ,and to himself he said1 ,this is indeed beyond my comprehension2 ,then looking round1 ,one friendly face he found1 ,and said1 ,pray tell me why is wealth preferred ,to wisdom8--,that's a silly question1 friend6 ,replied the other--have you never heard1 ,a man may lend his store ,of gold or silver ore1 ,but wisdom none can borrow1 none can lend8 ,,khemnitzer4 ,,the ,,gathering ,,of ,,the ,,fairies4 ,i4 ',tis the middle watch of a summer's night-- ,the earth is dark1 but the heavens are bright2 ,naught is seen in the vault on high ,but the moon1 and the stars1 and the cloudless sky1 ,and the flood which rolls its milky hue1 ,a river of light on the welkin blue4 ,the moon looks down on old ,cro'nest2 ,she mellows the shades on his craggy breast2 ,and seems his huge gray form to throw ,in a silver cone on the waves below4 ,his sides are broken by spots of shade1 ,by the walnut-bough and the cedar made1 ,and through their clustering branches dark ,glimmers and dies the fire-fly's spark1 ,like starry twinkles that momently peak ,through the rifts of the gathering tempest's rack4 ,,ii4 ,the stars are on the moving stream1 ,and fling1 as its ripples gently flow1 ,a burnished length of wavy beam ,in an eel-like1 spiral line below2 ,the winds are whist1 and the owl is still1 ,the bat in the shelvy rock is hid4 ,and naught is heard on the lonely hill ,but the cricket's chirp1 and the answer shrill ,of the gauze-winged katy-did1 ,and the plaint of the wailing whippoorwill1 ,who moans unseen1 and ceaseless sings1 ,ever a note of wail and woe1 ,till the morning spreads her rosy wings1 ,and earth and sky in her glances glow4 ,,iii4 ',tis the hour of fairy ban and spell2-- ,the wood-tick has kept the minutes well2 ,he has counted them all with click and stroke ,deep in the heart of the mountain-oak2 ,and he has awakened the sentry ,elve ,who sleeps with him in the haunted tree1 ,to bid him ring the hour of twelve1 ,and call the ,fays to their revelry2 ,twelve small strokes on his tinkling bell-- ',twas made of the white snail's pearly shell4 ,midnight comes1 and all is well6 ,hither1 hither wing your way6 ',tis the dawn of the fairy-day6 ,,iv4 ,they come from beds of lichen green1 ,they creep from the mullein's velvet screen1 ,some on the backs of beetles fly ,from the silver tops of moon-touched trees1 ,where they swing in their cobweb hammocks high1 ,and rocked about in the evening breeze2 ,some from the hum-bird's downy nest-- ,they had driven him out by elfin power1 ,and1 pillowed on plumes of his rainbow breast1 ,had slumbered there till the charmed hour2 ,some had lain in the scoop of the rock1 ,with glittering rising-stars inlaid2 ,and some had opened the four-o'clock1 ,and stole within its purple shade4 ,and now they throng the moonlight glade1 ,above--below--on every side1 ,their little minim forms arrayed ,in the tricksy pomp of fairy pride4 ,v4 ,they come not now to print the lea1 ,in freak and dance around the tree1 ,or at the mushroom board to sup1 ,and drink the dew from the buttercup2-- ,a scene of sorrow waits them now4 ,for an ,ouphe has broken his vestal vow2 ,he has loved an earthly maid1 ,and left for her his woodland shade2 ,he has lain upon her lip of dew1 ,and sunned him in her eyes of blue1 ,fanned her cheek with his wing of air1 ,played in the ringlets of her hair1 ,and1 nestling on her snowy breast1 ,forgot the ,lily-,king's behest1-- ,for this the shadowy tribes of air ,to the ,elfin ,court must haste away6-- ,and now they stand expectant there1 ,to hear the doom of the ,culprit ,fay4 ,,vi4 ,the throne was reared upon the grass1 ,of spice-wood and of sassafras2 ,on pillars of mottled tortoise-shell ,hung the burnished canopy1 ,and o'er it gorgeous curtains fell ,of the tulip's crimson drapery4 ,the monarch sat on his judgment-seat1 ,on his brow the crown imperial shone1 ,the prisoner ,fay was at his feet1 ,and his ,peers were ranged around the throne4 ,,joseph ,,rodman ,,drake4 ,,the ,,song ,,of ,,the ,,rain4 ,lo6 the long1 slender spears1 bow they quiver and flash ,where the clouds send their cavalry down6 ,rank and file by the million the rain-lancers dash ,over mountain and river and town3 ,thick the battle-drops fall--but they drip not in blood2 ,the trophy of war is the green fresh bud3 ,oh1 the rain1 the plentiful rain6 ,,ii4 ,the pastures lie baked1 and the furrow is bare1 ,the wells they yawn empty and dry2 ,but a rushing of waters is heard in the air1 ,and a rainbow leaps out in the sky4 ,hark6 the heavy drops pelting the sycamore leaves1 ,how they wash tha wide pavement1 and sweep from the eaves6 ,oh1 the rain1 the plentiful rain6 ,,iii4 ,see1 the weaver throws wide his own swinging pane1 ,the kind drops dance in on the floor2 ,and his wife brings her flower-pots to drink the sweet rain ,on the step by her half-open door2 ,at the tune on the skylight1 far over his head1 ,smiles their poor crippled lad on his hospital bed4 ,oh1 the rain1 the plentiful rain6 ,,iv4 ,and away1 far from men1 where high mountains tower1 ,the little green mosses rejoice1 ,and the bud-heated heather nods to the shower1 ,and the hill-torrents lift up their voice3 ,and the pools in the hollows mimic the fight ,of the rain1 as their thousand points dart up in the light2 ,oh1 the rain1 the plentiful rain6 ,v4 ,and deep in the fir-wood below1 near the plain1 ,a single thrush pipes full and sweet1 ,how days of clear shining will come after rain1 ,waving meadows1 and thick growing wheat2 ,so the voice of ,hope sings1 at the heart of our fears1 ,of the harvest that springs from a great nation's tears3 ,oh1 the rain1 the plentiful rain6 ,,spectator4 ,,hearty ,,reading4 #a4 ,curiosity is a passion very favorable to the love of study1 and a passion very susceptible of increase by cultivation4 ,sound travels so many feet in a second2 and light travels so many feet in a second4 ,nothing more probable3 but you do not care how light and sound travel4 ,very likely3 but make yourself care2 get up1 shake yourself well1 pretend to care1 make believe to care1 and very soon you will care1 and care so much that you will sit for hours thinking about light and sound1 and be extremely angry with any one who interrupts you in your pursuits2 and tolerate no other conversation but about light and sound2 and catch yourself plaguing everybody to death who approaches you1 with the discussion of these subjects4 #b4 ,i am sure that a man ought to read as he would grasp a nettle3 do it lightly1 and you get molested2 grasp it with all your strength1 and you feel none of its asperities4 ,there is nothing so horrible as languid study1 when you sit looking at the clock1 wishing the time was over1 or that somebody would call on you and put you out of your misery4 ,the only way to read with any efficacy is to read so heartily that dinner-time comes two hours before you expected it4 #c4 ,to sit with your ,livy before you1 and hear the geese cackling that saved the ,capitol3 and to see with your own eyes the ,carthaginian sutlers gathering up the rings of the ,roman knights after the battle of ,cannae1 and heaping them into bushels2 and to be so intimately present at the actions you are reading of that when anybody knocks at the door it will take you two or three seconds to determine whether you are in your own study1 or in the plains of ,lombardy1 looking at ,hannibal's weather-beaten face1 and admiring the splendor of his single eye4 #d4 ,this is the only kind of study which is not tiresome2 and almost the only kind which is not useless3 this is the knowledge which gets into the system1 and which a man carries about and uses like his limbs1 without perceiving that it is extraneous1 weighty1 or inconvenient4 ,,sydney ,,smith4 ,,ivry4 ,i4 ,now glory to the ,lord of ,hosts1 from whom all glories are6 ,and glory to our sovereign liege1 ,king ,henry of ,navarre6 ,now let there be the merry sound of music and of dance1 ,through the corn-fields green1 and sunny vines1 ,o pleasant land of ,france6 ,and thou ,rochelle1 our own ,rochelle1 proud city of the waters1 ,again let rapture light the eyes of all thy murmuring daughters2 ,as thou wert constant in our ills1 be joyous in our joy2 ,for cold and stiff and still are they who wrought thy walls annoy4 ,hurrah6 hurrah6 a single field hath turned the chance of war6 ,hurrah6 hurrah6 for ,ivry1 and ,henry of ,navarre6 ,,ii4 ,oh6 how our hearts were beating1 when1 at the dawn of day1 ,we saw the army of the ,league drawn out in long array2 ,with all its priest-led citizens1 and all its rebel peers1 ,and ,appenzel's stout infantry1 and ,egmont's ,flemish spears1 ,there rode the brood of false ,lorraine1 the curses of our land2 ,and dark ,mayenne was in the midst1 a truncheon in his hand2 ,and1 as we looked on them1 we thought of ,seine's empurpled flood1 ,and good ,coligni's hoary hair all dabbled with his blood2 ,and we cried unto the living ,god1 who rules the fate of war1 ,to fight for his own holy name1 and ,henry of ,navarre4 ,,iii4 ,the king is come to marshal us1 in all his armor dressed2 ,and he has bound a snow white plume upon his gallant crest4 ,he looked upon his people1 and a tear was in his eye1 ,he looked upon the traitors1 and his glance was stern and high4 ,right graciously he smiled on us1 as rolled from wing to wing1 ,down all our line1 a deafening shout1 ,god save our ,lord the ,king6 ,and if my standard bearer fall1 as fall full well he may-- ,for never ,i saw promise yet of such a bloody fray-- ,press where you see my white plume shine amidst the ranks of war1 ,and be your oriflamme to-day the helmet of ,navarre4 ,,iv4 ,hurrah6 the foes are moving4 ,hark to the mingled din1 ,of fife1 and steed1 and trump1 and drum1 and roaring culverin4 ,the fiery duke is pricking fast across ,saint-,andre's plain1 ,with all the hireling chivalry of ,guelders and ,almayne ,now by the lips of those ye love1 fair gentlemen of ,france1 ,charge for the golden lilies--upon them with the lance6 ,a thousand spurs are striking deep1 a thousand spears in rest1 ,a thousand knights are pressing close behind the snow- white crest2 ,and in they burst1 and on they rushed1 while1 like a guiding star1 ,amidst the thickest carnage blazed the helmet of ,navarre4 ,v4 ,now ,god be praised1 the day is ours2 ,mayenne hath turned his rein2 ,d',aumale hath cried for quarter2 the ,flemish count is slain2 ,their ranks are breaking like thin clouds before a ,biscay gale2 ,the field is heaped with bleeding steeds1 and flags1 and cloven mail4 ,and then we thought on vengeance1 and all along our van1 ,remember ,saint ,bartholomew6 was passed from man to man4 ,but out spake gentle ,henry--,no ,frenchman is my foe2 ,down1 down with every foreigner1 but let your brethren go4 ,oh6 was there ever such a knight1 in friendship or in war1 ,as our sovereign lord1 ,king ,henry1 the soldier of ,navarre8 ,,vi4 ,right well fought all the ,frenchmen who fought for ,france to-day2 ,and many a lordly banner ,god gave them for a prey4 ,but we of the religion have borne us best in fight2 ,and the good ,lord of ,rosny hath ta'en the cornet white-- ,our own true ,maximilian the cornet white hath ta'en1 ,the cornet white with crosses black1 the flag of false ,lorraine1 ,up with it high2 unfurl it wide--that all the host may know ,how ,god hath humbled the proud house which wrought his church such woe4 ,then on the ground1 while trumpets sound their loudest point of war1 ,fling the red shreds1 a foot-cloth meet for ,henry of ,navarre4 ,,vii4 ,ho6 maidens of ,vienna6 ho6 matrons of ,lucerne-- ,weep1 weep1 and rend your hair for those who never shall return4 ,ho6 ,philip1 send1 for charity1 thy ,mexican pistoles1 ,that ,antwerp monks may sing a mass for thy poor spearmen's souls4 ,ho6 gallant nobles of the league1 look that your arms be bright2 ,ho6 burghers of ,st4 ,genevieve1 keep watch and ward to-night2 ,for our ,god hath crushed the tyrant1 our ,god hath raised the slave1 ,and mocked the counsel of the wise1 and the valor of the brave4 ,then glory to ,his holy name1 for whom all glories are2 ,and glory to our sovereign lord1 ,king ,henry of ,navarre6 ,,lord ,,macaulay ,,the ,,daffodils4 ,i4 ,i wandered lonely as a cloud ,that floats on high o'er vales and hills1 ,when all at once ,i saw a crowd1 ,a host1 of golden daffodils2 ,beside the lake1 beneath the trees1 ,fluttering and dancing in the breeze4 ,,ii4 ,continuous as the stars that shine ,and twinkle on the milky way1 ,they stretch'd in never-ending line ,along the margin of the bay2 ,ten thousand saw ,i at a glance1 ,tossing their heads in sprightly dance4 ,,iii4 ,the waves beside them danced2 but they ,out-did the sparkling waves in glee2 ,a poet could not but be gay1 ,in such a jocund company2 ,i gazed--and gazed--but little thought ,what wealth the show to me had brought2 ,,iv4 ,for oft1 when on my couch ,i lie ,in vacant or in pensive mood1 ,they flash upon that inward eye ,which is the bliss of solitude2 ,and then my heart with pleasure fills1 ,and dances with the daffodils4 ,,wordsworth ,,cheerfulness4 #a4 ,a cheerful man is pre-eminently a useful man4 ,he knows that there is much misery1 but that misery is not the rule of life4 ,he sees that in every state people may be cheerful2 the lambs skip1 birds sing and fly joyously1 puppies play1 kittens are full of joy1 the whole air is full of careering and rejoicing insects-- that everywhere the good outbalances the bad1 and that every evil that there is has its compensating balm4 #b4 ,then the brave man1 as our ,german cousins say1 possesses the world1 whereas the melancholy man does not even possess his share of it4 ,exercise1 or continued employment of some kind1 will make a man cheerful2 but sitting at home1 brooding and thinking1 or doing little1 will bring gloom4 ,the reaction of this feeling is wonderful4 ,it arises from a sense of duty done1 and it also enables us to do our duty4 #c4 ,cheerful people live long in our memory4 ,we remember joy more readily than sorrow1 and always look back with tenderness on the brave and cheerful4 ,we can all cultivate our tempers1 and one of the employments of some poor mortals is to cultivate1 cherish1 and bring to perfection1 a thoroughly bad one2 but we may be certain that to do so is a very grave error and sin1 which1 like all others1 brings its own punishment2 though1 unfortunately1 it does not punish itself only4 #d4 ,addison says of cheerfulness1 that it lightens sickness1 poverty1 affliction2 converts ignorance into an amiable simplicity1 and renders deformity itself agreeable2 and he says no more than the truth4 #e4 ,give us1 therefore1 oh6 give us--let us cry with ,carlyle-- the man who sings at his work6 ,he will do more in the same time1 --he will do it better1--he will persevere longer4 ,one is scarcely sensible of fatigue whilst he marches to music4 ,the very stars are said to make harmony as they revolve in their spheres4 #f4 ,wondrous is the strength of cheerfulness1 altogether past calculation its powers of endurance4 ,efforts1 to be permanently useful1 must be uniformly joyous1--a spirit all sunshine1 graceful from very gladness1 beautiful because bright4 #g4 ,such a spirit is within everybody's reach4 ,let us but get out into the light of things4 ,the morbid man cries out that there is always enough wrong in the world to make a man miserable4 ,conceded2 but wrong is ever being righted2 there is always enough that is good and right to make us joyful4 #h4 ,there is ever sunshine somewhere2 and the brave man will go on his way rejoicing1 content to look forward if under a cloud1 not bating one jot of heart or hope if for a moment cast down3 honoring his occupation1 whatever it may be2 rendering even rags respectable by the way he wears them2 and not only being happy himself1 but causing the happiness of others4 ,j4 ,h4 ,,friswell4 ,,april ,,in ,,the ,,hills4 ,i4 ,to-day the world is wide and fair ,with sunny fields of lucid air1 ,and waters dancing everywhere2 ,the snow is almost gone2 ,the noon is builded high with light1 ,and over heaven's liquid height1 ,in steady fleets serene and white1 ,the happy clouds go on4 ,,ii4 ,the channels run1 the bare earth steams1 ,and every hollow rings and gleams ,with jetting falls and dashing streams2 ,the rivers burst and fill2 ,the fields are full of little lakes1 ,and when the romping wind awakes ,the water ruffles blue and shakes1 ,and the pines roar on the hill4 ,,iii4 ,the crows go by1 a noisy throng2 ,about the meadows all day long ,the shore-lark drops his brittle song2 ,and up tihe leafless tree ,the nut-hatch runs1 and nods1 and clings2 ,the bluebird dips with flashing wings1 ,the robin flutes1 the sparrow sings1 ,and the swallows float and flee4 ,,iv4 ,i break the spirit's cloudy bands1 ,a wanderer in enchanted lands1 ,i feel the sun upon my hands2 ,and far from care and strife ,the broad earth bids me forth1 ,i rise ,with lifted brow and upward eyes4 ,i bathe my spirit in blue skies1 ,and taste the springs of life ,v4 ,i feel the tumult of new birth2 ,i waken with the wakening earth2 ,i match the bluebird in her mirth2 ,and wild with wind and sun1 ,a treasurer of immortal days1 ,i roam the glorious world with praise1 ,the hillsides and the woodland ways1 ,till the earth and ,i are one4 ,,archibald ,,lampman4